eee So

PREFACE.

Ir was considered advisable to commence the continuation

of the Flora Capensis with Volume VI., which was almost

exclusively devoted to the orders which furnish what are

familiarly known as “Cape Bulbs.” These are perhaps now

more largely cultivated in Europe than any other South

African plants, and a systematic description of the species

it was felt would meet a long-acknowledged want.

Several considerations suggested the desirability of next

attacking the seventh and concluding volume of the work in

advance of the fourth and fifth, which are still unpublished.

What perhaps more weighed with me is the fact that the

orders contained in it admittedly present more difficulties

than are likely to be encountered in any other part of the

work. It has, however, been my good fortune to be able to

enlist the aid of contributors who, in each case, have had the

advantage of a special previous study of the groups they have

undertaken.

Amongst these I must enumerate :—Artaur Bennett, Esq.,

F.L.S., who has particularly devoted his attention to the

Naiadacexe ; Dr. Masrms, F.R.S., who is an acknowledged

authority on the Restiacexr ; C. B. Crarxe, Hsq., F.R.S., who

has long been occupied with a comprehensive memoir on the

Cyperacex ; and finally Dr. Starr, A.L.S., who had previously

collaborated with Sir Joszrx Hooker in preparing the

Graminexe for the Flora of British India. The latter order

occupies more than half the volume, and this portion of it at

least will, I trust, be found of especial usefulness in a country

which is largely pastoral.

For the limits of the regions under which the localities

in which the species have been found to occur are cited,

reference may be made to the preface to Volume VI.

I have again to acknowledge the assistance I have received

from Mr. C, H. Wricut, A.L.S., and Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S.,

Assistants in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens,

vi PREFACE,

the former in reading the proofs, and the latter in working out

the geographical distribution.

Besides the maps already cited in the preface to Volume

VL, the following have also been used :—

Natal. By Alexander Mair, 1875.

Kaffraria und die dstlichen Grenz-Distrikte die Cap-

Kolonie. By H. C. Schunke in Dr. A. Petermann’s Mit-

teilungen, 1885, t. 9.

Spezial-Karte von Afrika. Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1893.

To the South African correspondents enumerated in the

preface to Volume VI., I have again to tender my acknow-

ledgments for the cunieibale of specimens. ‘

I must further record my obligations to others, and espe-

cially to those whose aid in various ways has been of the

greatest value in the preparation of the volume :—

Dr. WitneLm Brenner, of Liibeck, has lent the study set of

Drége’s Restiacex and Graminex, without which it would have

been impossible to arrive at a correct knowledge of some of

the species,

Dr. A. Fischer von Wa.puzim, Director of the Imperial

Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg, has lent the specimens of

Danthonia and Pentaschistis collected by Ecklon and Zeyher.

Dr. THEopor Maenus Frizs, Professor of Botany in the

University of Upsala, has lent Thunberg’s collection of grasses,

which have afforded valuable help in the correct identifica-

tion of some of the species of the earlier authors.

Leo Hartitey Grinpon, Esq., has contributed a small

collection from the Orange Free State.

Professor Epuarp Hacket, of St. Polten, Austria, has kindly

lent some type-specimens of grasses.

Major Wo.ey Dop, R.A., has contributed a very large

collection of plants made by himself in the Cape Peninsula,

which is unexpectedly rich in new species.

It only remains again to add that the expense of prepara-

tion and publication of the present volume has been aided by

grants from the Governments of Cape Colony and Natal.

Witt

Kew, March, 1900.

SEQUENCE OF ORDERS CONTAINED IN VOL. VIL.

WITH BRIEF CHARACTERS.

Continuation of Series III. Coronarmex. Ord. CXKXXVIII.—CXL.

[| Liliacee, Se first of this series, was by an oversight included under

., EPIGYNA, on p. xi. of the preceding volume. |

CXXXVIII. PONTEDERIACEA (page 1). ag ee

Perianth petaloid; lobes 6, biseriate. Sta 3, rarely 1.

gr in the South African’ genus l-celled ith : 3 antokal placentas,

r imperfectly 3-celled. (Aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaves with long

saath petioles. Flowers subtended by a membranous spathe

CXXXIX. XYRIDEA! (page 2). Flowers hermaphrodite Outer

perianth-segments glumaceous; inner petaloi ms 3; stami-

nodes 3 or 0. Ovary I-celled, with 3 parietal or aaa placentas,

Lecrinee herbs. Leaves radical. Flowers in peduncled heads or

xt. “CONMELINACE. (page 7). Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely

Out © periantesepment s herbaceous; inner petaloid.

Stamens 2; shpein Ats 1-4, or 0. Ovary 3-2-celled. (Succulent

erbs, es cauline, ieee Inflorescence cymose, usually sub-

reales by heal -shaped bracts

Series [V. Catyctina. Ord. CXLI.—CXLIII.

CXLIL FLAGELLARIEA ' (page 15). Flowers pices op Na ite in the

bpe

fires megap oe sage erianth-segments 6, st oid or scarious,

biseriate. Sta One 8-celled ; pater pa itary. Fruit a

1-3- sd bet Zoey (Robe st sarmentose . Leaves prolonged into

euioa? tendrils. Paniele terminal.)

CXLII. Ege gee (page 16). Flowers a * ye —_

African genera. Perianth-segments 6, sc

usually e Ovary 1- or 3-celled ; Did ate aorieem or pee few.

= 98 capsular. (Pere pero or annual herbs (Rushes). Leaves terete or

Flowers sod, pen ered.)

aay P. (page er Flowers dicecious in the bie African

genera. Perianth-segments 6, scarious or fles. ais biseria Stamens 6

in the South African genera. Ovary ie le x as 3 and

inct; ovules solitary. Fruit drupaceous or baccate. (Trees with

erect simple stems. Leaves pinnate or snp ace Spadiedstley. )

Series V. Nupirtor#. Ord. CXLIV.—CXLVI.

OCXLIV. TYPHACE (page 30). Flowers unisexual. Perianth of

3-6 scales or hairs or none. Stamens with free or connate filaments.

Mitek onto ovule 1, pendulous. (Perennial, aquatic or ire

herbs. Leaves linear. Flowers wers densely crowded in in cylindric spikes.)

Vili SEQUENCE OF ORDERS.

CXLV. AROIDEA (page age Flowers unisexual in the South pate

Li free tam

genera. Perianth none, 9 or united segments.

4-6. ary 1-4-ce ed. * (Float ing or tuberous-rooted herbs. pe

eg Inflorescence enclosed tn a spathe.) :

vesganeler LE pt (Page 39). Flowers very minute, naked

nclosed in a Anthers 1-2, on filaments or sessile. Onan

-oclied: ‘ipulon 7. peers (Minute floating plants. Flowers seated

ina cavity of the frond.)

ie Weg

piety 29 Pea eg Se a oe

Sei il i gee oa s

Series VI. AvpocarPz#. Ord. CXLVII.

5m em ae ae 4c, pees 41). — or bi-sexual, Peria

en (white on), tubular or of 2-6 segments or oe

ects 2-6, ra cette. Carpels be * distinet, 1-ovuled. (Aquatic

or marsh herbs of various habit.)

Series VII. Guumacez. Ord. CXLVIII.—CLI.

CXLVIUT. ERIOCAULEA (page sa Flowers minute, unisexual, —

crowded into — surrounded by short bracts. Per erianth-segments

6, free or connate in two marlon which are usually separated bya

distinct stipes, eoage or hyaline. Stamens 3, inserted on the inner

perianth-segments, 6, opposite and altern eg Ovary 2-3-

celled; ovules solitary, Denalotis: (Perennial or annual often

marsh site. Leaves linear or subulate, radical or ces: Heads

usually monecious.)

CXLIX. oo {page 59). Flowers unisexual, disposed in

spikelets with scarious bra rg Perianth-segments 6 (or d, gluma-

ceous, biseriate ; uta ‘bsohs Stamens 3. Ovary 3-\-celled ; ovule

solitary, pendulous. Dncsk ‘or sedge-like herbs, usually perennial.

Stems solid or fistular, with sions without) ibafoihodtin. Inflorescence

cymose or reduced to a single spk

CYPERACE (page 149). Flowers uni- or bi-sexual in spikelets

with scarious bracts. Perianth of 6 or fewer scales or oe or 0. >

fame? E 0

edg

narrow, with closed sheaths. Spikelets arranged in corymbs or a; ajo

8.)

umbels : |

CLI. GRAMINE! (page 310). Flowers uni- or bi-sexual in spikelets

with scarious bracts (glumes and valves). Perianth redu — 2. 3

— 3) minute scales (lodicules). Stamens usuall, Pe

ually 3 Overy

-celled; ovule 1, ascending. Embryo outside fee albumen. (Herbs.

= (in Bambusec) tall shrubs. Stems branched at the base. Leaves

with split or closed sheaths. Spikelets spicate, sacnanla, or panicled.)

| p Vol. VH.—Part I Pate

PLORA . =z

BEING A

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS

OF THE

| APE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, AND PORT NATAL

(AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES)

By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

EDITED BY pica

THISELTON-DYER, C.M.G., C.LE.

LL.D,, ¥F,R.S8.}

DIRECTOR, ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

UBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE

GAPE OF GOOD HOPE AND NATAL,

fe j

LONDON:

: L REEVE & CO.

HERS TO THE HOME, COLONIAL, AND INDIAN GOVERNMENTS,

ENT IETTA \ Sree, COVENT GARDEN. ua

Pe es -_

FLORA. CAPEN STS:

Orper CXXXVIII. PONTEDERIACEZ,

(By N. E. Brown.)

Flowers hermaphrodite, all alike or some cleistogamous, regular or

slightly irregular. Perianth inferior, petaloid ; segments , biseriate,

united into a tube in the lower part, rarely free, equal or the outer

series smaller. Stamens 3 or 6, rarely 1, usually of two sizes and

often of different colours ; seis free; anthers basifixed or dorsi- -

fixed, 2-celled, introrse, opening by longitudinal slits, or rarely by

filiform ; oreo bese thickened or subeapitate, or shortly 3-lobed ;

ovules numer _ biseriate in each cell, or rarely solitary,

anatropous. Frui a many-seeded capsule, or rarely a 1-seeded

achene. Seeds inl ovoid, ribbe ore oykiiastak straight,

embedded in the centre of a copious album

uatic or marsh herbs, with the lod part of the stem or rhizome creeping .

and rooting in the mud, or entirely floa ing s leaves alternate, hastate, cordate,

sebibilay, ovate, lanceola’ te e or linear, sane ually with a mae petio e, the

submersed lea sometimes without blades, or different in form comp aes

terminal, dither’ fascicled in the death of the awed leat a spicat e, with t

— solitary or fascicled along the axis of the spike, rarely ros ea

axillary,

DistR1B. is po uct 22, chiefly wcesegp bd Bh 3 Africa and ve

America, about 4 occurring in No rth Am in Tropical and Tem

Asia, and 1 i b ANsteall x psig 8 one siached ohh yet die found within ‘the

confines of the ‘South African Flora.

I, HETERANTHERA, Ruiz. & Pav.

Perianth with a distinct tube; segments equal, spreading, one:

Stamens 3, affixed to the throat of the perianth-tube, exserted, m

or less unequal; filaments filiform; anthers oblong. Ovary icelled

with 3 parietal placentas, or imperfectly 3-celled with very prominent

placentas ; style filiform; stigma thickened ; ovules numerous, bi-

seriate, Ci apsule oblong or linear, with a thin periearp. Seeds

numerous, ovoid, ribbed.

Lower part of the stem creeping and rooting in the mud ; Peach with long

ce gaa cshealiing at the base, and err oe - reniform Nes , or all linear

3 flowering-shoots leaf, whose sheath embraces the

emo s, spathe which subtends the terminal ower spike includes sites

flowers ; flowers ers spicate te, small, , bine, whitish, or yellow, all alike an

one ee ee es cient tas let hee WO

- spike,

ee ee teen et hee ee ee ee

ee oe heaton:

2 PONTEDERIACEZ (Brown). { Heteranthera.

i. 2. kotschyana (Fenzl ex Solms in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aithiop.

long, 3-14 in. broad, cordate, obtusely pointed, glabrous; flowering-

stems 1-4 i in. long, bearing one leaf, whose sheath embraces a mem-

beth, ‘dicted utibtise, uit. stamens . rene exserted ; ‘ovary

oblong, trigonous ; style filiform, as long as the stamens, with a simple

slightly thickened stigma ; capsule oblong, trigonous. Solms in DC.

. Phanerog. iv. 522. Monochoria vaginalis, Kirk in Journ.

Linn. Soe. viii. 147.

KatauHAkI REGion: Transvaal; Bosch Veld, Rehmann, 5148! 5149!

Also in Eastern Tropical Africa.

Orper CXXXIX. XYRIDEZ.

(By N. E. Brown.)

hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, irregular; sepals 3,

the two lateral pia boat-shaped, keeled, clamdpatie

the tsitl interior, membranous, convolute, forming a closed, obtuse

ithe hood, or obtusely dea Say circumscissile at the base

and split open on one side, closely enveloping the corolla when in

bud, and pushed off as the corolla grows out and expands, rarely

absent. Corolla regular, petalvid, with a slender tube usually split

into claw-like segments in the lower part by the growth of the ovary,

ree spreading, c uneate-obovate lobes, mareescent. Stamens 3,

affixed at the mouth of the tube opposite the corolla-lobes ; filaments

short, flattened; anthers basifixed, oblong, 2-celled, cells parallel or

] ted

slightly divergent a t the base, contiguous, or more or se

by a broad connective, extrorse, opening by res ie slits.

Staminodia 3 or 0, alternating with the séialla-totis t the mouth

of the tube, simple or bifid at the apex and hades or aired or

divid into two entire or bifid, glabrous or hairy arms, or more or

less deeply divided into brush-like tufts of hairs. Ovary superior,

l-celled or imperfectly 3-celled ; placentas 3, parietal or shortly

united at the centre, or free and erect from the base; ovules

indefinite, at ites orthotropous ; style filiform, sometimes with

tubercles or proc at or below the middle, trifid or 3-armed at

e is or soktia ire; stigmas dilated or subeapitate, “hel simple.

le dividing into 3 valves between the placentas. Seeds minute,

ovoid, a hilum ed testa thin, usually idgeds ‘iain

-conical,

copious, transparent ; embryo minute, ly d

seated at the apex of the re ce under the terminal apiculus,

XYRIDEZ (Brown). 3

Perenn ely annual herbs, of tufted habit, growing in A mp places.

Leaves all salah: linear, terete or filiform, sheathing at the base. Peduncles

erect, simple, terminated by a solitery dense head or cate leafless pe bearing one

or more pa irs of a bags sheaths, and embraced at the base by a leafless or leaf.

bearing sheath, Flower-h eads or sp pike es globose, ord or F elongate bracts glu-

aceous, seep tr rigid, i mbri site: concave, or wrely s Danae oe ae the

lower ones in a few species relemval and lea aty, f ecb an inv Flowers

solitary any sessile in the axils of the br acts, yellow or blue, ‘enalty: of small size.

Disrris. Genera 2; a about 130, dispersed throughout the Tropics and

warmer regions of the earth,

I. XYRIS, Linn.

Sepals 3; two lateral and exterior, boat-shaped, keeled; one

interior, membranous, convolute or obtusely ol Aap. closely

enveloping the corolla when in the bud, circumscissile

and deciduous as the corolla develops. Corolla with a uns tube

and three spreading ecuneate-obovate lobes. Staminodia 3, simple,

bifid, or two-armed, glabrous or penicillate. Style filiform, without

tubercles or processes, 3-branched above; stigmas dilated or

subeapitat

wage aa, a basal sheath, naked above. The rest as in the Order.

DistR1s. The same as for the Order. Species about 120.

Spikes dark brov

ngieri oh a an, ices hata, gr 2 dorsal

(1) decipiens.

Bracts without a grey dorsal area :

eaves terete ee Lay ... (2) natalensis,

Leaves flat :

Keel of peer Ae ciliate or scabrid from

the base to the .. (3) Umbilonis.

Keel not silvate “ hea apex

Bracts poset lateral pu 3-3} lin.

long, pal i. . red (4) Rehmanni

ieee : with lac apie margins 5 lateral

24-28 lin. long, bro = (D) pinablanh =

Keel of itera fo care’ not ciliate (6) ca

Spikes straw-coloured (perhaps greenish when alive), 0 or

e brownish ; fat of om sepals not ciliate:

Flowering-spike globose or ovoid, 3-5 lin. thick... ... (7) a

Flowering-spike Fasatinee about 1line thick ... ... (8) filiformis.

. X. decipiens (N. E. Brown); leaves 5-16 in. long, 1)—2} lin.

hae laterally flattened, linear, acuminate at the apex, gla rous,

_ with concolorous sheaths 11-3 in. long, the sheath embracing the

peduncle with a distinct blade like the other leaves, but flexuose a

little above the sheath ; peduncle 2-2} ft. high, 1-1} lin. thick,

terete, distinctly sulcate- pieries glabrous ; spike 6-9 lin. long, 5-6

lin, thick, ovoid, acute or subacute; bracts 8-31 lin. long, 23-2

lin. bro ad, dbhohig sbovits: pee obtuse, minutely subdenticulate,

shining chestnut-brown, with a a very distinct, oblong-lanceolate,

greiysh dorsal area at the apex about 1-12 lin. long and } lin. b

7—9-nerved; nerves reticulate at the apex ; ; lateral sepals 22 lin.

long, + lin. ti broad, pale-brown, linear-faleate or liticarlantecolate,

B 2

4 _ XyRipEa (Brown). [Xyris.

acute, keeled; keel narrowly wi ra serrulate, mee with

rust-coloured appressed hairs; corolla only seen in bud; s of

staminodia (in the bud) 1 line long, divided into tufts of aaa hairs ;

anthers 1 line long, linear; stigmas very slightly dilated ; capsule

21 lin. long, silsueibuiseciate subacute, trigonous, with a thi

membranous pericarp,

WestERN Reaion: West Africa, south of the oe Curror !

in a is ees similar to X, communis, Kth., from Tropical America, but the

of the bracts is narrower, and the intra sepals are serrulate on the

sect fer Debate with fine hairs as in X. comm

4 2. X. natalensis (Nilss. in ars Vet. Akad. Férhandl. Stockh.

1891, 157) ; leaves 10-20 in. long, a line thick, terete, acute,

glabrous, with large, dark eke sheaths 2-32 in. nee ; peduncular

sheath leafless, 41-51 in. long; oilnt nele 16-24 in. long, 2-1 line

thick, terete, glabrous; spike 4-6 ee long, 3-31 lin . thick ; ovoid

or ; bracts 2-3 lin. long, 13—2 lin. broad, elliptic or elliptie-

oblong, very obtuse, entire, not tates opaque dar brown, glabrous,

7-9-nerved ; nerves more or less reticulate in the upper part ; lateral

sepals 21-93 lin. long, falcate-lanceolate, brown, with a darker brown, ~

ciliated, wing-like keel, produced into an acute point at the apex ;

aeoeeralla ‘yellow, with a tube about 3 lin. long, and broadly cuneate-

'oval® “demticulate lobes, 23 lin. long, 2 lin. broad; arms of

“teminodi: divided into tufts of fine hairs ; anthers oblong, 1 line

long. Vis. in Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. xxiv. no, 14, 28.

vg Recion: Natal; Flats between Umlazi River and Natal Bay,

s, 141! and w ithout precise rst Sanderson, 455! (456 according to

ies “Zaluland, Gerrard, 1524

dark brown sheaths and terete leaves readily distinguish this from

all the ace South African species

3. X. Umbilonis (Nilss. in aeheeae — Akad. Handl. xxiv.

- euneate-obovate, denticulate; arms of staminodia di vided i into tufts iy

of fine hairs ; anthers oblong. i.

Xyris. | XYRIDEZ (Brown). 5

LAHARI Re@ron: Transvaal; a ume Berg; Burke, 128! Zeyher, 1727!

haat Valley, near Barberton, Galpin !

Um ilo We siael ae 8139! Inanda,

Wood, 155! and without ama locality, Buchanan

This is very nearly allied to X. Bakeri, Nilss., yt be but diifers in

its much narrower and more “distinctly awned meee chi

4. X. Rehmanni (Nilss. in Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. xxiv.

no. 14, 28); leaves 1-2 ft. long, 3-11 line broad, laterally flattened,

linear, tapering to a fine a like point at the apex, straight or

twisted, een with sheaths about 3 in. long, brown ; peduncular

sheath 6-7 in. long, leafless, but with a short flat point 13-22 lin.

glabrous ;- ae pire ng about 42 lin. in diam. ; ; bracts 2-3 lin.

erat A entire, not ciliate, glabrous, dar el oes own. wit

slightly paler apical area at the base of the mucro, 9-nerved;

nerves not reticulate in the upper part; lateral sepals shortly jarhi

beyond the braets, 3-31 lin. long, 2 line broad, lanceolate, pale

straw-coloured with a brown keel, which is produced into a short

mucro at the apex, and shortly ciliate-scabrid from near the base to

about 3-8 line below the apex; corolla yellow, lobes broadly

cuneate-obovate, denticulate; arms of the staminodia divided into

tufts of long fine hairs; anthers oblong, 12 lin. lo

KALAHARI REGION: Pinibeadl Houtbosch, Rehmann; 5764!

X. Gerrardi (N. E. Brown); leaves not seen; peduncular

mucronate; peduncle 9-16 in. long, 3 line thick, some m-

pressed, especially in the upper part, int gee glabrous; spike

ovoid or subglobose, 3-31 lin. long, a 2 lin. thick ; bracts

23-28 lin. long, 1-12 lin. broad, ovate- Gules. or st niptic. -oblong, acute,

carinate, and somewhat complicate at the apex, membranous an

slightly lacerated at the margin, three-nerved, dark brown, glabrous ;

lateral sepals 21-25 lin. long, 2 line broad, lanceolate (not falcate),

acute or obtuse, keeled, dark brown, paler towards the margins ;

keel narrowly wing-like in the lower }—2 only, and serrulate-scabrid

or ciliate to half or three-fourths the way up, its apex very shortly,

or not at all produced into a point; corolla yellow, only seen in

bud, with broadly cuneate-obovate, denticulate lobes; arms of

staminodia divided into tufts of fine hairs; anthers 2 line long,

oblong ; capsule 1+ line long, about 1 line diam., obovoid, dorsally

flattened, trigonous, apiculate

Eastern Rea@ion : Zululand, issead 1526!

This species is readily distinguished from all the other South African ones, by

the slightly lacerate, 5-nerved ‘sla and from all but X. Rehmanni by the near’ ly

§ : the ciliation is more

and eae from the to the apex. Viewed rig the sepals are

ess curved, as in baw species. The only specimens I have seen

more 0

are without: leaves

6 XYRIDEZ (Brown). [| Xyris.

. capensis (Thunb. Prod. 12); leaves 1-7 in. long, 3-1} ie

broad, laterally flattened, linear, glabrous; peduncle 6-18 in. high, 4 4

ne thick, terete, sometimes istinctly striate, sometimes the striations

pastels visible, often with one or two slightly raised lines or angles,

glabrous, with concolorous or pale brown sheaths 3-22 in. long,

peduneular sheath 1-5 in. long, leafless or produced into a leafy point

2-6 in. long; spike at first ovoid, in fruit subglobose, 2-82 lin. long ;

bracts 2-98 ‘lin. long, 14-22 lin. broad, orbicular, elliptic, or oblong,

obtuse, or the inner subacute and often more or less earinate at the

apex, entire, 3-nerved, glabrous, not ciliate, brown ; lateral sepals

2-22 lin. long, + line broad, faleate- lanceolate, acute, not mucronate,

pallid, transparent, with a pale brown, narrow wing-like keel, which is

broadly cuneate-obovate, denticulate ; arms of the staminodia divided

into tufts of fine hairs ; anthers "oblong, about as long as the

filaments ; capsule 1% lin. long, trigonous, oblong, pe Thunb.

Fl. Cap. edit. Schult. 81; Vahl, En um. ii. 206; W d. Sp. Fi,

i. 255; Roem. et Schultes, Syst. Veg. i. 52 : ; Kunth, pte iv. 24;

Nilss. in Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. Stockh. 1891, 154; and in

Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handi. xxiv. no, 14, 40.

Sournm Arrica: without locality, Zeyher, 1795!

oast Reeion: Cape Div.; Wynberg, Harvey! Tulbagh Lape banks of

streams near Ceres, Bolus, 5498! pp, a and Bolus, Her Norm. Aust.

Afr., 1100! Queenstown ee ony ground on the deanatt ‘of N’ Qebanya

Cenrrat Reaion: Somerset Div. ; summit of Bosch Berg, 4800 ft., MacOwan,

749!

pase = pore tien — Berg, Burke, 170!

Tem and; Bazeia Mountain, 4000 ft., Baur, 598!

Ps Kar Kloof, go te a peat peed Wood, 103!

7. X. anceps (Lam. Tabl. Encycl. i. 132) ; leaves 2-14 in. se

14-4} lin. broad, laterally flattened, linear, obtuse or acute, glabrous

with concolorous sheaths 3-43 in. long ; : peduneular sheath 13-63 in.

long, leafless, obtuse, or with a leafy obtuse point 1-1 in. long;

peduncle 1-21 ft. long, 3-14 line broad, compressed and acutely

two-edged, especially towards» oe apex, glabrous ; ; spike oe bose or

ovoid, 3-5 lin. in diam. ; brac s 2-3 lin long, 13-2 li

elliptic, very Sika or the iner ones subacut te, entire, oe ciliate,

narrowly ovate

pale yellowish-brown, or pale straw-eoloured, with a

or mea acute, green area ¥ Bhi slightly keeled apex; nerves

. ut 7-9, very slender and obsc ateral 1-21 lin. 1 ng,

4 line broad, cbtalcate:Ianicnolate, “abn wih o a rather broad, wing-

oblong, § 2 line long ; capsule 14 lin. long, trigonous, oblong, obtuse,

ts apicu ulate, Nilss. in Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handi. xxiv. no. 14, 37.

X. platycaulis, Poir. Eneycl. viii. 820; Roem, et Schultes, Syst.

ee ee ER eye

Xyris. | XYRIDEZ (Brown), 7

Veg. 1.551; Kunth, Enum. iv. 18; Nilss. in Ofvers. Vet. Akad.

Férhandl. Stockh. 1891, 153. X. nitida, Willd. ex Dietr. Sp.

PU. ii. $73.

.. Rea@ion: Natal; Durban, Rehmann, 8560!

Also in Tropical Africa and Madagascar

Thisis a pian different plant Seo that described by Poiret and nearly all

subsequent authors as X. anceps. Poi b redhiaribind Lamark’s tig t dep was

from Madagascar) as X. platycaulis, gent ig wrongly identified an Indian species

(X. complanata, R. Br., syn. X. Walkeri, Wight) with x ee pit

8. X. filiformis (Lam. Tabl. Encycl. i. 132); leaves 1-5 in. long,

4-1 line broad, laterally flattened, linear, obtuse or acute, spirally

twisted or straight, glabrous, with she aths ere in. long, concolorous

or pa ; peduncular sheath i—2 in. long, leafless and mucronate, or

with a aa point 1—} in. long; peduncle 11-12 in. long, very

spike 2 lin. long, lanceolate, acute when in flower, 1-3-flowered ;

bracts few, 11-2 lin. long, 3—1 line broad, oblong or elliptie-oblong,

at-shaped or convolute, apparently ‘acute, but obtuse when

flattened out, entire, not ciliate, 3-nerved, membranous, very pale

brownish or straw-coloured ; lateral sepals about 2 lin. long, rather

more than 1 line broad, ‘straight, laneeolate, acute, keeled; keel

neither winged nor ciliate, agers dein straw-coloured ; corolle

yellow, only seen in very young bud; capsule 13—13 lin. long, 2 2 line

diam., oblong, obtuse, apiculate, trigonous a ‘triangular 1) in cross

section, oir. Eneyel. viii. ; Vahl, Enum. ii. 207; Kunth

um, iv. 24, X,. straminea, Nilss. in Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Firhand.

Stockh. 1891, 153; and in Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. xxiv. no. 14

40.

KALAHARI REGION: ugrame Apies River, Burke!

Also in Tropical Afric

I have “a — ps soe this species in very young wan either in the Tropic

or South Afri specim and have fuiled to discover the nature of th:

daimeti : ay sls ig: in ag state are very small and ovate

Orver CXL. COMMELINACEZ, A. Rich.

(By C. B. CLARKE.)

Flowers small, bisexual, or the upper part of the cyme male. Sepals

3; one (dorsal) ‘entirely without, hooded. Petals 3, blue, yellow, or

white, free or claws united into a linear tube in Cyanotis “ge

Coleotrype. Stamens 6, whereof 1-4 are one sterile, reduced t

staminodes or wanting ; filaments often bearded by beaded bai

Ovary free, 3- (sometimes 2-) celled; style simple ; ovules one

several in each cell, attached to the inner angle. Sear s daaliatiel

pike small, shortly eylindrieal, far from the hilum, loose in the

albumen ; radicle close to the foramen covered externally

oury

; by the embryostega.

Herbs ; leaves alternate, ovate lanceolate or linear ; bases sheathing.

8 comMELINACEs (Clarke).

Distris. All warm countries. Genera 26; species 330.

Tribe 1. COMMELINEZ. Fertile stamens 3-2, sterile 0-4. Flowers zygo-

morphic.

I. Commelina.—Inflorescence a Sn cymes included (or nearly so) within a

folded or funmel-sboped bract (spathe).

I. Aneilem: lowers oma or rape not included in a spathe.

6-5. Flowers actinomorphic.

Coleotrype.— Flowers sree clustered. Stamens inserted high up on

the linear corolla-tube. Capsule 3-c led.

IV. Cyanotis—Flowers axillary oahaaied: Stamens hypogynous, Capsule

3-celle

¥: Floscopa,—Racemes panicled. Capsule 2-celled.

I, COMMELINA, Linn. partly.

Inflorescence of 2-1 cymes included (or nearly so) within a folded

or a spathe. Petals clawed; 2 equal, the third exterior,

smalle . Stamens 3-2 anterior perfect, 3-2 dorsal sterile. ry

cells 2 Gia equal, 2—l-ovulate, dehiscent; the third dorsal

l-ovulate, or empty or suppressed. Seeds 5-1 ; hilum linear vertieal.

Annual succulent weeds; flowers barrages Py € spathe is an ovate leaf-like

bract, either simply folded ‘poat- a or its lower margins connate, so as to form

an obli ique funnel; the ap the lower pile (and the upper flowers of

the upper cyme) are usually m

Distris. Species 100, in Pt warm countries.

Subgenus I. Dipymoon. Two anterior cells of ovary 2-ovulate; dorsal cell

babilate or empty or suppressed,

-ComMMELINA. Capsule 5-seeded ; or blue.

Spathe simply folded, boat-shaped ci . (1) nudiflora.

Spathe simply folded, small, falcate tes .. (2) subulata.

Spathe an oblique funnel .. (3) benghalensis.

HETEROcARPUS, Capsule ‘Saeeled, 3 i.e, 20 or _ ovules of the two anterior

cells para infertile; petals arose or oran,

Capsule usually 1-seeded; leaves glabrous- nies (4) africana.

Capsule 3-l-seeded ; leaves deity on both surfaces (5) krebsiana.

Capsule 3-1-seeded ; leaves linear glabrous (6 karooica.

DissEcocarPus. Capsule 4-seeded, i.e. dorsal cell iapoeuinil’s petals blue.

Spathe oblique funnel-shaped (7) eckloniana.

Subgenus II. Monoon. Two anterior calle ‘ef of ovary aovdlabe dorsal cell

l-ovulate or empty or suppressed ; petals blue or white

TEROPYXIS. Capsule 3-seeded; dorsal cell Sidelilsonit: or rears 80.

Capsule tough, dorsal cell tubercular scabrous ... (8) Gerra

apsule membranous, papery... ae ws & sian:

ginrrnonse . Capsule 2-seeded

ees ona oe he -»» (10) Livingstoni.

nudiflora (Linn. ae Pl. ed. 2,61, not of Mant. 17 7); scr

nearly glabrous stem 6-30 in. long, often roo rooting at t the knots ; lea

lanceola’ 1, peduneled, ld 4, ovateiRidbaes late,

middle carve e nearl y straight ; petals blue or done white, the anterior

often much smaller, sometimes 0 ; capsule perfecting (nearly always)

es Wate Peace eer ee ae ee

ee ee eat

Commelina. | COMMELINACE” (Clarke). 9

5 seeds; surface of the 4 scattered wie Magen Sem reticulated.

Hook. FA Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 369. C. agra Kunth, Enum. iv. 38.

C. communis, Walter, Fl. Carol. 68 ; C. 'B. Clarke, Comm. et Cyrt.

ie tc (on C. arise excl.).

R. B, C. na (Hassk. in eprige won oe re 206) ; leaves large,

stiuethcenae goons at base, up t by 1

Eastern Recion: Natal; coast-la aa: = Sut ath nad! Inanda, 1800 fee

Wood, 94! 1615! and without precise locality, eee rd, 1838! Zululand.

Gerrard, 1839! Var. 8, Natal, Sutherland! Sanderso

Distributed throughout Africa, and in nearly all warm countries. Var. f, in

A frica only,

2. C. subulata (Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 23); erect, nearly glabrous ;

stem 6—12 in. long; leaves linear; spathes 2 in. long, scattered, nearly

nerve curved ; lower cyme often wanting; flowers small; capsule

perfecting 5 (or 3) seeds ; surface of the scattered — Hosea

grooved, ane rugged. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v

Kat Gon: Transvaal; Bosch Veld, Rehmann, vr rene:

iohciewa: e767 Hooge Veld, Rehnaa n, 6669 !

Distributed throughout Africa, and in the Deccan of India.

C. benghalensis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,60); diffuse ; stem 6—12 in.

long, hfe rooting at the knots; leaves ovate, su ddenly narrowed at base,

‘the quasi-petioles often with bright fulyous-red hairs, sometimes nearly

glabrous ; ae oblique funnel-shaped, sessile or peduncled, solitary

or 2-3 clos e together; capsule perfecting (usually) 5 seeds; surface

of seeds wrinkled or strongly reticulate. hunb. Fl. Cap. e

Schultes, — C. B. Clarke, Comm. et Cyrt. Beng. t. 4; Hook. f. Fl

Brit. Ind. 370. C. canescens, Vahl, Enum, i. 173; Webb et

Berth. les ‘Otanaries, Phyt. iii. pt. ii. 358, t. 239.

South Arrica: Drége, te od

Coast Reeion: Knysna Div., Reh mn, 504! Uitenhage Div., Ecklon and

Zeyher, 594! Harvey! Port Elizabeth, hy 8. C. A. Herb., 208! Fort Beaufort Div.,

a 553!

bin ~ teres Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, Burchell, 3177! 3216!

Eas nw Reeion: Tembuland ; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 86! Natal; Inanda,

Wood, 1237 ! ! and wile precise locality, ‘Sanderson ! Zululand, Gerrard, 1840!

Found throughout Africa, and thence to Japan and the Moluccas.

This plant, both in Africa and India, often produces at base nearly leafless shoots

hint abnormal flowers ; these burrow into the earth and there mature small

abnormal re of 1-2 <li: 1-2

corolla yellow ; filaments 3 in. long ; capsule tough, perfecting 1 seed

in the indehiseent dorsal cell 2-3 lines long ; the 4 ovules of the two

anterior cells enlarging, usually present, brown in the ripe capsule, but

quite phere ne Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 294 ; Gaertn. Fruct.

i. 50, t. 15, fig. 1. oleides africana, Medicus in ’ Rim. § Uster,

Mag. St. x. 124.

10 COMMELINACE® (Clarke). [Commelina.

Var. A, lancispatha (C. B. fion chee at she there the typical C. africana!; spathes

; capsule usually L-seeded

ong é

R. y, Barbers (C. B. Clarke) spathes ova ie wept acute, not much ARES

h faleat eon seatt

larger, l-seeded, or more often 3-seed ed, i nterior pi the ove yon

rudimentary, the upper 2-3 — pare clog, ‘tronaly reticulated. C. karooica,

var. B Barberx, C. B. Clarke in DC. Mon i, 166,

SoutH Ais : without meters patie ! Hiss ! Kitching ! Var. y, Zeyher,

728!

Coast Recion : Cape Div. ; near Cape feeb gay bic Tab ble Mt., Harvey,

860! chi 315! Devils mountain, Rehm ! Simon’s Bay, Wri ght !

Uitenhage Div., Zeyher! Algoa Bay, aan ax. ea B, Alexandria Div. ;

gp viel Rat, 2500-3500 i, Drege, 8779 !

ar. B, Graaff ain Pg ft., Bolus, 377! ries,

Dir., "Burchell, 2685 ! Albert Div., Cooper, 58 6 partly ! and 588 partly! Var.

Colesberg Div.; Carolus Poort, ’ Burchell, 2753! Albert Div., Cooper, 386

partly ! 1380!

Ae ReGion: Transvaal; Hooge Veld, Rehmann, 6860! (capsule per

fecting 4 seeds). Var. 8, Transvaal; Potchefstroom Dist., hapa 251!

Barberton, 4000-5000 ft., Galpin, 1231! Var. y, Vaal Riv Barber !

Griqualand West, Bowker, 12! Or range Free State ; Orange Biren, Bu eo ! Wolve

Kop, Burke ! Transvaal ; Streyd poort, Rehmann, 5392 | (leaves linenr).

ASTERN REGION: Natal, Cooper, 3324! Var. 8, Transkei, 3000 ft., Baur,

85! Griqualand East; near Kokstad, 4300 ft., Se , 1799! hig Tnanda,

shear aie Var. % Kaffraria, Baur! Draken sberg, Coope 3321! Natal;

a, Wood, 409a! Zaai Laager, 3800 ft., Wood, 3486! ci without precise

Sat, plate dre ! Gerrai rd, 1439!

Distributed gs Africa: Var. y endemic.

ee n. 6860 is, in other eat a typical C. africana ; but each capsule

(several ain ones satiated) perfects 2 short one es — ated seeds in each

‘anterior cell, while the dorsal cell is very small and e

5. C. krebsiana (Kunth, Enum. iv. 40); leaves neEi with large,

white, many-celled hairs on both surfaces; otherwise as C. african

(typical form). C. africana, var. krebsiana, C. B. Clarke in DC.

Hh ili, 164.

R, 8, villosior (C, B, Gerke) hairs similar to those in C. krebsiana type, bu oo

ate more numerous, giving the plant a soft strigose, not hispid es Dy

ance ; leaves ovate, 9 by 5 lines. ©. barbata, var. B villosior, OC. B. Clarke in DC.

Monogr. iii. 167, not of Lam. C. africana, var. y polyclada, C. B. Clark oe DC.

Monogr. iv, 165. There is also included her Boe er 965, Gerrard, 1842) a form

in which the leaves are oblong, attaining 3 ie 3 in

South AFRIcA: without locality, Drége, 3505!

Coast ete se Var. 8, Bathurst Div. ; between Theopolis and Port Alfred,

oe 4038

LAHARI polis : Griqualand West; between Knegts Fontein and Klip

Veein, Burchell, 2612! a, Pilgrim’ s Rest, Greenstock! Var. 8, Orange

Free State, Cooper, 96

Eastern REGION : Natal, Gerrard, 1440! Var. 8, Natal, Gerrard, 1842!

Sutherland!

Also in South-East Trop. Africa.

6. C. karooica (C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. i we 166, excl. Var. f) ;

leaves linear-oblong, nearly glabrous ; corolla yellow, larger than in

C. africana ; filaments } in. long ; capsule rag usually perfecting

8 seeds, larger than the capsule of C. africana type ; otherwise

nearly as C. africana

Commelina. | COMMELINACE® (Clarke). 1l

KaLawaRi Re@ion: Griqualand West; Griqua Town, Burchell, 1929!

between Griqua ange and Riet Fontein, Burchell, 1988! 1999! Oran nge Free

State; Mud River Drift, Rehmann, 3577! Bechuanaland, Holub ! Transvaal ;

Matiba, Holub, 1496 ! 1497 !

EasTERN Region: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 4098!

7, C. eckloniana (Kunth, Enum. iv. 57) ; stem 12-18 in. long,

diffuse ; leaves narrow lanceolate with weak eas hairs ; spathes

itn peduncled, obliquely funnel-shaped ; corolla blue ; capsule

papery, square, dorsal cell very small empty or 0; seeds 4, globose,

smooth,

SoutH AFRICA: withont orcas > ag

KALAHARI ReGion: Transvaal; Bosch Veld, Rehmann, 4997 !

HastERN REGION: Natal, Sanderson ! Delagoa Bay, Mrs. Monteiro !

8. ©. Gerrardi (C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr, iii. 183); stem

points, hispid; petals blue or white ; capsule with 3 globose seeds ;

dorsal cell tough, indehiscent, tubercular-scabrous. x. angustifolia,

Hassk. in Peters’ Mossamb. 528, not of Mich

South AFrica: without nn Gill!

CENTRAL ReEGion: Albert chee 588 !

Eastern Reeion: Natal, patito , 1838! Sanderson !

Also in South-East Trop. Africa.

9. C. albescens (Hassk. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. ee: rag stem

often 2 ft. long; leaves narrow lanceolate, up to 5 b early

glabrous ; spathes 1-3 close together, oblique funnel- shaped wks sid

or hooked point, hispid ; petals blue or white ; capsule membranous,

with 3 ellipsoid, trigonous, smooth, puberulous, ‘largish seeds. Hook f.

Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 373.

Katanari Region: Transvaal; Barberton, Galpin, 599! 1188.

‘ Distributed throughout Africa, and extends by Arabia and Beloochistan to

ind.

10. C. Livingstoni (C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. iii. 190, includ-

ing Var. 8); stem 1 ft. long, diffuse ; leaves er nearly glabrous or

more or less villous or shaggy ; spat es 1-3, together, hers

funnel-shaped, with short acute or hooked poi wut hteped petals blue

or white, ‘‘pale pinkish” (Galpin) ; ee membranous, 2-celled,

2-seeded ; ; seeds large, ellipsoid, smoot

SoutH AFrRiIca: without oor at feel 1729

Katawart Reeion: Bechuanaland; Hamapery, near Kuruman, Burchell,

515! Transvaal, MeLe Hb olus, 5796 ! Bosch Veld, Ronin, 4866!

! a in Rees

Barberton, 2900 ft., Galpin, net Pilgrim’s Rest, Greenst tock ! Mooi River,

Burks, 8 339! Apies River, Burke

EastERN eS Natal; Bae Wood, 369! 409! and without precise

focality. Sander.

Also in South-East Trop. Africa.

12 COMMELINACES (Clarke). [Anetlema.

Il. ANEILEMA, R. Br.

Panicle exserted, of many branches ; braets small, lowest gt folded

nor funnel-shaped. Petals 3, clawed, subequal, blue or itish.

Stamens 3-2 fertile, 3 ae Ovary 8 subsymmetric, 3- or 0. celled ;

ovules 1—5 in each cell. eds 1-5 in each cell ; hilum linear, vertical.

Annual succulent weeds ; flowers evanescent.

Dis’ aaa 55, Tropical or Warm-temperate zones, viz. 50 in the Old

World, ‘Bin the New

Subgenus I, Tric steele Capsule subequally 3-celled, 3-valved.

mae uy 6-see (1) sinicum.

Subgen s IL. at ft aa a 2. dalle, Suvalved (a very small third

valve is ierelp peel nt).

apsule truncate, 6- (or more) seeded vs .. (2) equinoctiale.

Capsule small, rounded, 4—2-seeded ... ise .. (3) dreg

sinicum (Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 659 char. emended) ; nearly

Sikes: innovations more or less hairy ; stem 12-18 in. long, with 2

or 3 cauline leaves ; leaves linear, 4—5 by 1 in., or the leaves at base

subracemosely elongate, often scarred closely where the numerous —

infertile flowers have fallen; stamens 2 fertile ; capsule 3-celled,

searcely 1 in. long, pointed at tip ; seeds usually 6 perfected, obscurely

wrinkled. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 379. A. secundum, Wight, Ic.

Pl. Ind. Or. t. 2075. Commelina sinica, Roem. et Schult. Sy yst. i.

Addit. Mant. i. Cl. iii, 376.

Eastern Recion: Natal; near Tugela River, Wood, 3854; near Nonot

Seas How Wood! Zululand, Mrs. McKenzie! and without precise lobality:

Also distributed from the Niger and Angola to Canton and Malaya.

uinoctiale cine Enum. iv. 72); stems 1-3 ft. long; leaves

lanceolate, tapering at base, or ovate-lanceolate suddenly narrowed at

base quasi-petioled, haity beneath ; panicle stout, pubescent ; stamens

2 fertile, filaments not bearded ; capeutle 2-celled (or a third dorsal

small cell added), at top truncate with two horns ; —_ usually 3 in

pms cell, pany. C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. iii. 221, all var.

neluded. adherens, Kunth, Enum. iv. 72. Chines elina equi-

ree Bw Fl. Owar. i. 65, t. 38. eae ae eal cequinoc-

‘tate and L. adherens, Hassk. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Zithiop. 211.

Amelina Wallichas, Co 'B. Cl larke, Commel. Beng. t. 26,

Katanari Reeion: Transvaal, Houtbosch, Weed. s50h' 5759! Barberton,

EasteEgn Reaion: Pondoland; St. J ohn’s River, Drége, 4466! Natal;

Inanda, Wee ® 540! Port Natal, Grant! near Durban, Cooper, 3323! Moly-

neuz ! and without precise locality, Sutherland ! Gerrard, 1836!

Distributed throughout Tropical Africa and Arabia.

The type of A. adhzrens, Kunth, is ie 466, which has lanceolate

leaves 4 by } in., attenuate at base; and scarcely differs from tears tab. ci

the t of A. equinoctiale. In Dr. Sutherland’s examples, e leaves are ovate,

4 ole ds ‘sooo in., apa! narrowed at base into a quasi-petiole. De third small cell

is present sometimes in both forms. "The petals are stated in DC.

Anetlema. | COMMELINACER (Clarke). | 13

Monogr. Phanerog. iii. 221 to be BE tea Be or ‘fide A. Rich. blue”; J. M. Wood

has noted them ‘ blue’ in his 4507.

3. A. dregeanum (Kunth, Enum. iv. 73); stems 12-18 in. long;

leaves elliptic- ate thinly oe or nearly glabrous; panicle

small, dense, prim axis erect; branches numerous, horizontal ;

petals small, blue or ay aes fresh) pik; stamens 3 fer tile, 3-2 sterile ;

capsule { in. long, 2-eelled, quadrate-oblong, papery, perfecting 4

stony seeds. Com melina comosa, Drége, Ph. Dokumente, 150, 174.

Lamprodithyros rep Jeanus, Hassk. in Peters’ Mossamb. 529.

Var. 8, Galpini ; ey in all parts; leaves ovate, 4 by 2 in., suddenly

narrowed at base into a quasi-petiole; noone ni by 13 in. ; capsule quadrate-

globose, ae 2 seus abate nearly 2 in

KALAHARI REGION Var. es ansvaal; sealed near Barberton, 2000 ft.,

Galpin, 1187!

EASTERN Reaion: Pondoland; between Umtata River and St. Johns River,

Drége, 4471! Natal; Inanda, Wo od, 479 partly! Umzinyati, Wood, 1220!

and bide precise locality, Mrs. Sawnders ! P eerhita, 1837! Zululand, Mrs.

McKenzie

Also in South-East Trop. Africa,

III. COLEOTRYPE, C, B. Clarke.

Inflorescence axillary, piercing the base of the cylindric leaf-sheath.

Corolla-tube linear, as long as the blue segments. Stamens 6, sub-

sessi ll

ovules 2~1 in each cell. Capsule trigonous-ovoid, 3-celled, loculi-

cidally 3-valved, hairy at top; seed 1 (rarely 2) in each cell,

Disrris. Species 1 in Natal, 3 or 4 in Madagascar.

C. natalensis (C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr, iii. 239,

nearly abel, or innovations (sometimes 7 strigose ; wit

1-21 ft. long, diffuse, branching ; leaves 5 by 1 in in., lanceo ate ; owers

- densely clustered ; sepals free, boat-shaped, 4 in. long, tips linear

strigose ; corolla | in. long, blue; stamens nearly eq the three

Poskioon a the dorsal cell of ca psule) rather smaller; capsule

n. lo d; seed 1 in each bell, oblong-ellipsoid.

— " Bagion: agg ot? baa Durban, Wood, 3396! MacOwan and Bolus,

Afr., acOwan, Herb. Aust. ihe 1564! Inanda,

Wood, 179" ! ‘oat mae without. pisaion locality, Sanderson, 438

IV. CYANOTIS, D. Don.

Flowers in rT. axillary and terminal clusters. Petals 3, free at

insertion, then connate (more or less completely) into a cylindric

tube, terminated oy 3 round blue or pink-purple segments. Stamens 6,

Sats fertile, free or nearly free from the corolla ; aya Re bearded

ed hai vary 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell. Capeule

Pp mp!

disc) terminal, at the top of the upper seed in each cell, at the

bottom of the lower, covering (as always in Commelinacee) the

embryo.

14 COMMELINACE (Clarke). [ Cyanotis.

Disrris, Species 30; warm regions of the Old World, from Africa to South

China and North Australia.

As pointed out by R. Brown, the position of the i yom bong ine cage

this genus from all other Commelinacer. The fi ur in

species; and, where the young flowers are Pee ignite ‘they: aca pie (or pes

blue.

1. C. nodiflora (Kunth, Enum. iv. 106); nearly glabrous except

the innovations, or Mita ng or shaggy ; stems 6—48 in. long, diffuse, often

branching from the root, where a sterile short stem is ‘added ; roots

fibrous, sometimes baits ovate-oblong tubers; leaves 2-5 in. long,

oblong-linear, or those on the sterile short stem much larger, up to

cymes interspersed with faleate folded bracts; flowers + in. long;

tats short ; style linear, thickened just eee the stigma ; capsule

lin. long; seeds 6, wrinkled. Bot. Mag. t. 5471. C. speciosa,

Hassk: Commel. Ind. 108. Tradescantia — Lam. Eneye. ii.

371. . speciosa, Linn. f. Su uppl. 192. Jormosa, Willd.

Pl. ii. 20. Commelina speciosa, Thunb. FI. Cap. ed. Schultes, 294.

Sourn Arica: without locality, Drége, 8781 a, b, c!

Coast Region: Riversdale Div.; Vet River, Gall ! Knysna Div. ; nea

Keurbooms River, Burchell, 5 ! Uitenhage Div. ; between Uitenhage and

Drostdy Farm, Burchell, 4460! and without precise locality, Zeyher ! Hekio

— es ee 610! Bathurst Div. ; near Port Alf _ Burchell, —

ENTRAL REG GION : Karoo, Bowie! Somerset, Bowker ! :

KanaHARI ReEcIoN: Basutoland, Cooper, 3326! Bechnanaland 3; near

i i t., Holw ra 5

! r Barberton, 2000- 000 Bf

Galpin, 547! 830! Pretoria, Rehmann, 4467 ! Brewed? ? Orange Free

State, Mol

BAstERN eas. Tembuland ; Bazeia, ey ft., Bawr, 389! Griqualand

East ; aed Kokstad, reine BM Tyson, Tee MacOwan and Bolus, Herb.’

Norm, Aust. Afr., 533 Wood, 17! 51! 963! Port Natal,

Grant ! prt without precise bi ot oe iene nd!

Also in South hart pi and Madagascar.

This species S covered mer all over ner rain reper abd

yong hairs ; sonnel she is hive 6 nd flower clusters are covered with m

r brown hai ir; sometimes (especially in the large nics he oes ant is lebron

aan a itt le bair on the inflorescence and about the a of the leaf-shea

in si is also

several species. Several closely allied species occur in Trop. Africa, and in India ;

and in many of these the variability in size and in hairiness is great,

V. FLOSCOPA, Lour.

Pom es forming dense terminal panicles. Petals 3, free, obovate,

ssile or scarce ly clawed. Stamens 6-5, “free, fertile, subequal, or

3.2 posticous rather smaller ; filaments wi ithout beaded hairs. Ovary

2-celled, glabrous; 1 ovule in each cell. Capsule small, shortly

stalked, eompressed, m since 2-valved.

Disrris. Species 11, in warm regions of the world, 7 endemic in Africa.

Floscopa. } - COMMELINACE (Clarke). 15

1. F. glomerata (Hassk. Commel. Ind. 166); stems 1-3 ft. long,

stout but weak, leafy ; leaves 3 by 1 in., sessile, ts narrowed (often

eared) at base, nearly glabrous; inflorescence 1-21 in. in diam., dense

with flowers, very rufous-hairy; capsule 1 line in re fig ; seeds ellipsoid

glaucous, smooth ; embryostega central nearly opposite the hilum

Roem. et Schult. Syst. vii. 1175. Dithyrocarpus glomeratus and

D. capensis, Kunth, joni: iv. 78.

EASTERN REGION 3; between Umtentu River and Umzimkulu River,

Drége, 4472! Fnatidis: “Woo ni 967! and without precise locality, Sutherland,

Gerrard, 359! Cooper, 3325!

Also in South Trop. Africa and Madagascar.

Orper CXLI. FLAGELLARIEZ.

(By N. E. Brown.)

Flowers hermaphrodite or dicecious, regular. Perianth 6- partite,

persistent, the segments biseriate, small, subpetaloid or scarious,

slightly unequal. Stamens 6, hypogynous, or shortly sng to the

base of the perianth- -segments ; ; filaments free; anthe ifixed,

introrse, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary depeeion 3-celled,

with a solitary anatropous S ovulé in each cell ; style short, or none ;

stigma 3-lobed and sessile, or of three linear, spreading ‘pranches.

ruit a 1-3-seeded wen Seeds with a crustaceous testa, and a

copious farinaceous albumen; embryo minute, lenticular, placed on

the outside of the atiigeat” near the hilum

Herbs of robust habit, with stout oe Sbniags eaves up to the base of the

inflorescence, sometimes climbing by means of wn Sn oe a pote ik the en ~

leaves alternate, elongate, sheathing at t the base toa

tendril at the rhe 8 , veins numerous, parallel ; my ea oA ren sane;

sessile or freee

ISTR A small Order of three genera, and about 8 = confined to

warm fonriene of. the ‘Old World. Only one species in South Afr

I, FLAGELLARIA, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth subpetaloid, the segments

oblong, obtuse, the three outer slightly shorter than the three inner.

Stamens 6, hypogynous, the filaments ultimately long much

exserted. ‘Ovary w ith a short style and 3 linear stigmas. erry

one-seeded, rarely 2-seeded. Seed globose or ovoid with a crustaceous

testa,

Stem sarmentose, climbing by means of the tendril-tipped leaves; panicle

_ terminal; flowers small, spicate at the ends of the ultimate branchlets of the

nicle,

Ist ee species, one African, one in Fiji, and the third widely dispersed

_ the pa Al of the Old World, but apparently.not occurring on the continent

_ of Africa,

16 FLAGELLARIEX (Brown). [Flagellaria.

. F. guineensis (Schumach, in Sehumach. and Thonn. Beskr.

Gui Pl. 181); a tall climber, with a moderately stout herbaceous

stem ; leaves sheathing ; ; the sheath open to the middle, with the thin

membranous margins often closely overlapping but never connate to

the top; the blade D hae in, long, 6- 18 lin. broad, Pons sisi sient

with ascending or spreading branches, the lower ones subtended by

leafy bracts, the upper bractless; braeteoles minute, hyaline, sai

or suborbicular, lt or subacute; flowers subsessile along t

rather slender, flexu or zigzag ultimate branchlets of the te

usually with ere internodes between them, whitish or pale

subpetaloid ; stamens ultimately much exserted, with Glaments 2-23

in, long, and linear-oblong anthers, sagittate at the base, 11-14 lin.

long ; ovary narrow, trigonou 8; stigmas 2-8 line long, ise rather

stout, exserted and sere, over the tips of the perianth-segments ;

berries globose, 2-3 lin. in diam., bright red. F. indica, of authors,

ae not of Linneus.

RN ReGion: Pondoland, nig | sine os Nata a pape Wood, 824!

inetito ‘Waterfall, Rehmann, 8090 ! Um 0 iver, and Natal Bay, Drege,

4484 without precise locality, Geemen 408! Ped

Also in Tropical Africa,

8 been confused with #’, indica, L., by almost all che but may be at

once isting shed by the split leaf-sheaths, and the usually slen zigzag axes:

along which the flowers are space ed out with distinct ae power en thes’: :

ilst in F. ites the margins of the sheaths of the leaves are connate to the

i an rowd

into very short subglobose spikes or erules on a rather thick,

aight axis, without internodes, or with sale scan ones between them.

OrpeR CXLII. JUNCACEZ.

(By J. G. Baxer.)

Flowers Pig se: hermaphrodite in the Cape genera. Peri

inferior, cut down to the base into 6 subequal, Wea a

maceous segments. Stamens usually 6, hggneyions or attached

to the base of segments ; tana nts filiform or flattened ; anthers

dorsifixed or basifixed, dehintig nih. ayrcaneay Ovary superior,

1-3-celled ; ovules anatropous, usuall any in a cell; style

filiform, simple or trifurcate. Fruit peal splitting into 3 valves.

Seeds ovoid, globose or angled by pressure, rarely tees peach testa

thin 3

mbr:

sometimes produced beyond the nucleus ; albumen copious, fleshy or

hard ; embryo small, placed near the hilum.

Perennial or annual herbs, rarely shrubs, with a woody caudex; stem often

JUNCACEE (Raker). 17

leafy only at the pees eos terete or linear; flowers small, often clustered ;

racts scariose, persis

DIstTRIB. See ST 8 Species 200.

I, Junecus.—Annual or perennial herbs, with hasal glabrous leaves, Ovary

more or less completely 3-celled, with many ovules in each cell.

II. Luzula SD pie a herbs, with basal hairy leaves. Oeary 1-celled, witb

ovules

III. Prionium m.—Ualersbrub, with rigid serrated leaves in a dense rosette at

the top of a woody caudex

I, JUNCUS, Linn.

ae rigid, cut down to the base ; segments subequal, ovate or

lanceolat tamens 6, rarely 3, hypogynous or attached to the

base of is perianth-segments ; filaments filiform or flattened ;

anthers linear or oblong, basifixed. Ovary sessile, with 3 more or

less intruded parietal placentas ; ; style filiform, divided to the middle

into 3 linear or filiform m spreading stigmas, Capsule loculicidally

3-valved. Seeds very small, often tailed by the outer membrane of

the testa being produced pene the nucleus ; albumen fleshy ;

ee minute, placed near the h

iets nea or annual herbs ; peertan Sing terete or flat, sometimes reduced to

mbranous sheaths, always glab inflorescence terminal or bo geen 5

perevut tate pan nicled or cong jeatad 4 in ike a head; perianth ‘bia bro

DistR1B. Cosmopolitan, Species 170-180, according to Buchenau.

1. Genurni. Leaves all reduced to sheaths; inflorescence hehe not tailed,

Stamens 3; pith continuous ... ‘nd a

Stamens 6; pith interrupted .. (2) guccven:

- Maritimi. Produced pees fist pai the stems ; inflorescence

lateral ; seeds tai

Perianth-sezments lanceolate, acute ke ... (3) maritimus,

Perianth-segments obtuse, inner emarginate on = acutus.

3. ARTICULATI, Leaves septate: ; inflorescence termin

Produced leaf iy one ace = middle of the stem is punctorius.

Produced leaves

Capsule not ioogee pie the wee can

“Style res — ee ... (6) brevistilus.

Style 2 . (7) oxycarpus.

Cupane rth sae = Gis the perianth :

low any in a cluster ... ae ... (8) exsertus.

i uster .. (9) rostratus.

4. GRAMINIFoLII. Leaves not Boks ; tnbobepoans terminal.

Annuals ;

Style very short: -

Leaves s soon 3 Bevosese 2-5-flowered .., (10) rupestris.

Leaves linear ; rs 8-15-flowered _... (11) diaphanus,

the ova out

Clusters usually solitary, 1-3-flowered :

Perianth-segments subequa

Inner eS longer than

the

. (12) seabriuseulus.

icone whitish, with

a brown ki ee . (18) parvulus,

Porienth TS cicriiete: bright t wn,

with a pale edge " (4) polytrichos

VOL. Vil.

18 JUNCACER (Baker). —— [Juncus.

Clusters 1-2, 2-6-flowered . wis ... (15) pictus,

Clusters — usually 1- flow . (16) bufonius.

Clusters ; flowers 8—12 in luster:

Inner p pe rianth- a aan lease than

... (17) altus,

Pevianth-sogmes nts e equal

Perianth-segments seat’ ae UE os cephalotes.

Per janth-segments acuminate 19) Sprengelii.

Clusters rire flowers 3-12 in a cluster (20) ineequalis,

Perennial :

Leaves laterally re eet resembling stems (21) singularis.

Leaves narrow] ear:

] few, ‘a in, diam

yle very short = ee ... (22) dregeanus,

Style not very short:

ne te of flowers 1-3 ... . (28) oe

ters of Sewers 3-6... . (24) anonym

Clusters aa smaller

Stem subterete :

ootstock short ... i . (25) capensis.

Rootstock long... oe: . (26) indescriptus.

Stem angled... a oo .. (27) acutangulus.

Leaves broader (3-4 in. diam.) ... mF ... (28) lomatophyllus.

1. J. effusus (Linn. Sp. Plant. 326) ; perennial, densely tufted on

a short creeping rhizome ; leaves all reduced to green sheaths elasp-

ing tightly the base of the stem; stems green, terete, 2-3 ft. long,

finely striated, with continuous pith ; panicle dense, "lateral, net

1-2 in. diam., composed of many forked a bracts s mall, ov

perianth-segments rigid, lanceolate, green, 4, in. oe ; Waleed

reduced to 3; capsule oblong, obtuse, cuspidate, dark brown, as long

as the perianth; seeds not tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 228.

J. communis var. effusus, EH. Meyer, Monog. June. 22; Kunth,

Enum. iii. 320.

Pe ac higg yesooelned copped Div. ; marshy places at the foot of the Bosch Berg,

be an, 1

Eastern ReGion: Retal ; Mooi River, in a marsh, Wood, 4062 !

Cosmopolitan, concentrated in the North Temperate zone.

2. J. glaucus (Ehrh.) var. miprorae (Buchen. in Abhand.

Naturw. Ver, Brem. iv. 417, t. 4”); perennial, densely tufted,

terete, wiry, 2-3 ft. long, glaue Ww e grooves and

interrupted pith; panicle lateral, ver pound, ed

many dichotomously forked branches; bracts ovate uch

shorter than the perianth ; ee ee lanceolate, rig rigid, gi:

acute, green, 1 in. long; stamens 6; capsule oblon

minutely cuspidate, nearly as long as the téfanth = food a

tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 344.

ag Re@ron: Queensland Div. ; Shiloh, near the river, 3500 ft., Baur, 891 '

1181

Crnrrat Reaion: Albert Div.; Stormberg Spruit, 5000 ft., Drage, 87960!

and Klein "Buffels Vallei, near Gaatje, 4500-5000 ft., Drége, 8796¢ !

Juncus. | JUNCACER (Baker), 19

KALAHARI REGION: Orange Free State; near Winberg, Buchanan, 254!

The species occurs he acid in the northern regions of the Old World. The

iisisty, is | eadienee at the Cap

3. J. maritimus (Lam. Encyc. iii. 264); perennial, densely tufted

on a short rhizome; leaves few, basal, terete, resembling the stems,

segments mumale® sata? asa Treen, an in. long; ictienm 6;

capsule oblong, brown, as long as or a little longer than the perianth ;

a distinctly or indistinetly tailed. Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw.

r. Brem. iv. 422, t. 5 (“4”); Engl. Jahrb. xii. 256. J. Kraussii,

Hoshet. in Flora, 1845, 342 ‘peohon in Abhand. Naturw. Ver.

Brem. iv. 418, J. acutus, E. Mer eyer in Flora, 1845, Beig. 51, 56.

J. sbrsbes Roem. et Schultes, Syst. Veg. vii. il. 1656, ¢ in obs,

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; marshy places near Cape Town, below 100 ft.,

Bolus, 4811! Salt River, rigtinte “yi Cape Fla - Krauss. Devils Mountain,

Ecklon, 903! Camps Bay, Burchell, 336! akin cin een Hend — Table

Mountain, Buschelt 252/2! berlin Div.; "Kila Rehm 2266!

Mossel Bay Div.; hills near ro landing-plac e at Mossel get Burchell, ving 4

George Div. ; Malgat ver, Krauss. # aoeaa age Div., Ecklon and Zeyher

647! Van Stadens River, MacOwan, 2085 ! Queenstown Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 %

Baur, 885

CEnTRar REGION: piste Div.; between the Zunrberg Range and Klein

Bruintjes Haogta, 2000-2500 ft., Drege! rae ond Div.; vicinity of Stylkloof,

ae ea ft., Drége ! Albert Div, Coope

HARI REGION: Griqualand West Lore r Campbell, Burchell, 1812

RN Recion: Na ay near Durban, Rehmann, 8589! Buchanan, ‘26!

364 “Coogee: 3330 ! ris rrard, 709!

Also in the North tuaaasa zone of both hemispheres.

4, J. acutus ( shen ) var. en a (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw.

Ver. Brem, iv. 421, t. 5, “‘4”’); perennial, Saul tufted on a short

rhizome ; leaves ei Deel, resembling the stems; stems rigid, terete,

3-4 ft. long, very pungent ‘at the tip ; panicle ample, lax, very com-

pound, produced from the side of the stem a short distance below the

with a scariose oige 5 ; seroiions 6; capsule subglobose, brown, obtuse,

; seeds distinctly tailed,

Buchen. in re i ‘jab, xii. 251. J. Leopoldii, Part. in Giorn. Bot.

Ttal. 1846, ii. 1, 324. J. macrocarpus, Nees in Linnea, xx. 243.

Coast Ceres Div.; Verkeerde Vlei, Rehmann, 2840! Worces

Div.; near conchae ay 800 fe. Bolus, 5271! od 2550 ! Usiatenboneh

iv.; Somerset, Zeyher, 4308! Swellendam Div., Mund. Mossel Bay Div.;

hills near the landing place, Mossel Bay, Burchell, ett Abarat Div. ; near .

Zwartkops ce oe on, 783. Queenstown bie: pri Baur, |

: Somerset Div. ; Biesjes Fon n, Loot’s Kloof, 2800 ft.,

1683! Graaff neta Div.; descent ons Voor Sneeuw Berg,

Burchell, 2860 ! :

c 2

20 JUNCACEE (Baker). [ Juncus.

Western Rearon: Little en Zeyher! near the mouth of the

Orange River, Ecklon and Zeyher, 73!

Also Europe and North Africa.

. J. punctorius (Linn. fil. Suppl. 208); perennial, tufted on a

ean rhizome; produced leaf one only from the middle of the stem,

long, subulate, septate, the others reduced to sheaths; stem

moderately stout, 2-4 ft. long; inflorescence ample, terminal,

reaching + ft. long and broad; flowers many in a cluster; bracts

ovate, shorter than the flowers; perianth-segments lanceolate, 5}, in.

long; stamens 6, rather shorter than the perianth; capsule oblong,

brown, acute, as long as the perianth ; gor not tailed. Thunb.

Prodr. 66; Roem. et Schultes, Syst. Veg 191; Kunth, Enum.

iii, 332 ; Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. my ‘Brem. iv. 42.4, ‘.. &

16. J. Schimperi, Hochst. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. ‘No. 56; A. Rich.

Abyss. ii. 338. J. acutiflorus, var. capensis, Spreng. Neue

«ik LUT,

Coast Reeron: Clanwilliam Div.; between eS af ee and a bee

River, Drége, e! Wupperthal, Drége, "ts Bosch Kloo ége, g.

about the sat and at Salt River near Cape Tow * Burckolt 674! | ee

Lion Mountain and Table Mountain, Burchell, 253 | Ecklon, 46 6, 47. ee

Maehain, Ecklon, 902! Paarl Div.; by the Berg River, Drage aa. Talia

Div. ; near Tulbagh waterfall, Ecklon and han ge 5. Worcester Diy.

tains near Worcester, Rehmann, 2549! Stellenbosch Div. ; ae polos ‘ote,

Zeyher, 104. Klapmut, Rekmann, 2265 ! Uitenhage Div., Ecklon and Zeyher,

648 ! ie 0

C i Reet : Aberdeen Div. ; Camdeboo mene ey Drége, c. Somerset

Div poet of Little Fish River, 2800 ft .» MacOwan, 171

-ALAHARI REGION : Griqualand West ; eb op Town, Burchell, 1871! Trans-

vaal; Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann, 4472 ! 4473

Ea 3 ERN REGION: Pondol land ; between uk River and St. Johns River,

6. J. brevistilus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iy. 433,

inflorescence terminal; flowers 12-16 in a eluster; floral bracts

ovate-lanceolate ; perianth-segments lanceolate, 1 in. nq

broader; stamens 3, half as long as the perianth ; 3 Style papi

obsolete ; capsule oblong, not longer than the perianth ; seeds n

tailed. Buchen, in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 346.

SoutH Arnica: without locality. No specimen at Kew

Described from a single imperfect specimen, probably faathorbd in Natal by

Krauss.

7. J. oxycarpus (E. Meyer ex Kunth, Enum. iii. 336) ; perennial,

densely tufted ; produced leaves 3-5, short, ascending, subulate,

separate ; stem moderately stout, terete, 1}-2 ft. long; inflorescence

terminal, much less ample and com i inctorius ;

flowers about 20 in a cluster; bracts ovate-acuminate, nearly as

Juncus. | JUNCACEE (Baker). 21

long as the flowers ; perianth-segments lanceolate, acute, + in. long ;

stamens usually 3, much shorter than the perianth ; style ie. but

distinctly produced ; capsule oblong, dark brown, as long as the

perianth ; seeds not tailed. Buchen. in Abhand. Natur. Ver.

zjbiag iv. 431, t.8; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 336.

RE : Cape Div.; about the ponds and at Salt River, Burchell,

672! gata Hout Bay and Wynberg, Drege, b. Paarl Div.; by the Berg

River, Drége, a! Drakenstein Monntain, , Rehman nn, 2256! Wore ester Div. s ar

Worcester, 800 ft., Bolus, 4217! Reh n, 2551! Caledon fk by — mie et River,

near Grabouw, 700 ft., Bolus, 4217 | "Riv versdale Div Gre t Val iver,

Burchell, 6551! Uitenhage Div.; by the eaten Hiver, Ecklon ond Posy

EAstERN REGION: oe Umzinyate Falls, Wood, 1053! and without precise

hodattiae Buchanan, 56! 8

Also Angola, ae 3008,

8. J. exsertus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 435,

i P40) perennial, tufted on a short rhizome ; produced leaves

4-14 in a cluster; bracts ovate-cuspidate, shorter than the flowers;

perianth-segments lanceolate, + in. long; stamens 6, much shorter

than the perianth; capsule oblong, dark brown, distinctly exserted,

valves rigid ; seeds not tailed. Bue hen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 337

Ast Rea@ion: Worcester Poiat Zeyher ! Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, along

the river, 3500 ft., Baur, re: !

CENTRAL REGION : Beh by *Div., Bowker ! Graaff Reinet Div.; along the

Sunday River, 2500 ft., Bales s, 5, 188! !

Kananart Reaion: Griqualand West ; y Kn — pete gel yee Orang

Free State ; Bloemfontein, Rehmann, 8762! Tra » Hoo e Veld, at Trigards

Fontein, Rehmann, 6698! Pretoria; at ocr Pores, Met a 4471

Yster Spruit, Nelson, 320!

9. J. rostratus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 437,

. 5, “4,”’ ex parte); perennial, tufted on a short rhizome ; pro-

oe leaves 4-8, short, ascending, subulate, septate ; stem ‘long,

Bs inflorescence an ample lax terminal panicle ;

flowers 3-6 in a cluster; bracts ovate-cuspidate, small; perianth-

segments eS 1 in. long; stamens 6, much shorter than the

perianth ; capsule oblong, ark brown, much ex xserted, narrowed

into a be ak ; seeds not tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb, xii. 338.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Drége, 4465!

Senay Reeion: Uitenhage Div.; by the Zwartkops River, Ecklon and

er.

ae men Reeion: Transyaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5741!

Eastern Reeion: Transkei; by the Bashee River, Drége, 4465. Natal,

Daabannd, 67! 358!

10. J. rupestris (Kunth, Enum. iii. 344); annual, tufted ; leaves

ll basal, linear-subulate, very slender, not septate, 1-2 in. long;

stem very slender, deeply sulcate, naked, 2-4, rarely 6, in. long ;

clusters 1 in, diam., 2-3, rarely 4-5, i in a lax terminal penne;

flowers 3-5 in a cluster; bracts small, ovate; perianth 75 in,

22 JuNcACE® (Baker). [ Juncus.

long; segments greenish-brown with a white edge, equal in length,

all acute, outer lanceolate, inner ovate-lanceolate ; stamens 6; style

very short; capsule brown, oblong, as long as the perianth ; ’ seeds

not tailed. Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 441; Engl.

Jahrb. xii. 460.

SoutH AFRICA: prone a Harvey; 377!

Coast REGION : ings Ezels “i ie ft., Drege, b; Gift

Berg, Drege, c. Cape ns Ba ay,

WESTERN REGION: Little me tope hd Tol Ba, 2500-3500 ft., Drege,

2471a!

11. J. diaphanus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Bre

442, t. "*s ; annual, densely tufted; leaves all basal, Goa ‘nat,

acuminate, not septate, 3-4 in. long; stem slender, leafless, terete,

lax

reaching a foot long; clusters 4 in. diam., 3-4 in a terminal

panicle ; flowers 8-15 in a cluster; braets small, ovate ; perianth

inner oblong, subobtuse ; stamens 6, half as long as the perianth ;

style very short; capsule oblong, shorter than the perianth ; seeds

obovate, not tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 460.

Coast Region: Albany, Bolus, 188. No specimen in Kew Herbarium.

12, J. seabriusculus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 354); annual, not tufted ;

leaves all basal, not terete, very slender, not septate, 1-2 in. long ;

stem very slender, compressed, sulcate, leafless , 6-8 in. gy slightly

scabrous upwards; cluster of flowers solitary, terminal, 2 41_1 jn, diam.;

flowers 1-2, rarely 3, in a cluster; bracts ovate, pale, eaiiGss

perianth { in. long; segments SiramineouG, equal in length, lanceo-

late, outer acute, inner subobtuse; stamens 6, half as long as the

perianth ; style as long as the ovary ; capsule oblong, shorter than

the perianth; seeds obovate, not tailed. Buchen. in Abhand.

Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 444, t.6; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 457.

Var. 8, subglandulosus surge in Engl. yao xii. heise ; more robust, with

rite age ar stem, clusters 3, and flowers 5-7 i clus “3 Sr Nea

Steud. Glum. i i, 303 ; Buchen. in Abhand. Wine. Ver. ‘Be em 459, t. 6.

Coast Ree Cape D foot of Table Mountain, yuk 11 partly.

Piqu etharg Ky: ; ; Padang ‘Tonge tes Groene Vallei, under 1000 ft., Drege,

8795! including Var. 8.

According to Buchenau, Var. 8 was ebilected by Drége in ee North Div.,

on the Witte Bergen at 5000-6000 ft., but this appears to be an error.

13. J. parvulus (E. Meyer et Buchen, in Ablignd. Naturw. Ver.

Brem. iv. 447, t. 6); annual, tufted; leaves all radical, erect,

setaceous, not septate, 4-1 in. Jon ; stem very slender, leafless, an

inch long; cluster of flowers solitary, terminal, gs—zs in. diam. ;

Seat obtuse; stamens 6, shorter than the perianth 5 style as = ies

as the ovary ; capsule ovoid-cuspiate, nearly as long as the perianth;

seeds not tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 458.

Juncus. | JUNCACEE (Baker), 23

WEstTERN ReGion: Little Namaqualand; Modder Fontein Berg, 4000-5000 ft.,

Drege, 2472b!

. Jd. a rae (E. Mey. et Buchen. nm Abhand. Naturw. Ver.

Brem. iv. 448, t. 6); annual, tufted ; leaves all basal, erect, setaceous,

not septate, me in. long ; stem very slender, sulcate, leafless, 2 2-4 in,

long ; cluster of flowers solitary, terminal, 4-1 in. diam. ; flowers

2- 3 r rarely 4, in acluster; bract ovate, acute, cs scariose ; ‘perianth

+ in. long ; segments bright brown wit a pale margin, outer anceo-

late, acute, inner longer, oblong, obtuse ; x He 6, shorter than

the perianth ; style long ; capsule oblong, much shorter than the

amor seeds not tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii, 459.

Wes N Recton: Little Namaqualand; hills near Lily shit 4000-5000

ft. EDiage,’ 2472aa

15. J ¥ pictus (Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 305); annual, tufted ; leaves

all radical, setaceous, very slender, erect, not septate, 2-3 in, lo ong ;

stem very slender, leafless , sulcate, slightly scabrous 56, rarely yes.

in. long; clusters 1-2, termi nal, 3-1 in. diam. ; rs 2-6 in

cluster; bracts ovate, pale; perianth 2 in. ae ; segm eae

stramineous, tipped with dark brown, outer lanceolate, acute,

inner longer, oblong, obtuse; stamens 6, half as long as the

perianth ; style long; capsule oblong-trigonous, shortly cuspidate ;

seeds few, large, not tailed. Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver.

Brem. iv. 458, ¢ .6; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 457.

‘ Pb bigs ReGcion: Little Namaqualand; hills near Lily Fontein, Drege,

16. J. bufonius (Linn. Sp. Plant. 328); annual, Pega’ tufted ;

leaves slender, subulate, channelled down the fac ce, the lower nearly

as long as the stem, the upper shorter ; stem neat 3-12 in. long ;

flowers usually single, arranged in 1] ax forked spikes ; bracts ovate,

Scariose, minute; periant -segments g green, lanceolate ; stamens much

shorter than the perianth, sometimes 3 abortive; capsule oblong,

brown, obtuse, minutely euspidate, rather shorter than the perianth ;

seeds not tailed. Kunth, Enum, ii. 35 ; uchen. in Abhand.

Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 416; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 174. J. dregeanus,

Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 117, non Kunth. J. ranarius, Nees in Linnea,

XX. 243, non ae et Perr. J. plebejus, Krauss in Flora 1845,

Ee non R. B

Holland, Ecklon, 20, 85, Somerset, Toklon

ENTRAL Region : Prince ‘Albert Div. ; ; by the Gamka River, 2500-3000 ft.,

Drége, Somerset Div. igen Fan the Zuurberg Range and Klein Bruintjes

gte, Drége.

te,

Western Recion: Little oceania between Pedros Kloof and Lily

ood Berg, 2 ft.,

Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drége / R

Katawart REGION: Gaskins West ; Griqua Town, "Burchell, 1858!

Cosmopolitan.

24 suncace® (Baker). [ Juncus.

17. J. altus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 457) ;

nuual; leaves all radical, linear, 4-5 in long, not septate; stem

bate slender, suleate, a foot long ; i clusters 2 11 in. diam., 3-8 in a

- lax terminal panicle ; flowers 8-10 ina cluster ; ” bracts small, lanceo-

late; perianth 1 in. long, outer segments lanceolate, mucronate,

inner longer, oblong, obtuse ; stamens “6, shorter than the perianth ;

style long; capsule oblong, shortly mucronate; seeds shortly

apiculate. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. a 456,

Coast Region: Swellendam Div ween Puspas Vallei and Kochmans

Kloof, 1000-4000 ft., Ecklon ah Saxjhor, 6. No specimen in Kew Herbarium.

4B: J. cephalotes (Thunb. Prodr. pet ex parte); yagiea a ate

epti ‘

terminal panicle, } ts diam. ; flowers usually 8-12 in a cluster;

acute ; stamens 6, m uch shorter than the “perianth ; style long;

capsule Sbbiienliaceotidles much shorter than the perianth; seeds

not tailed. Thun BERET; Cap. edit. Schult. 337, ex parte ; Spreng.

Neue Entd. ii. 107; Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv.

451, t.7; Engl. Jahrb, xii. 454.

Soutn AFrica: without ear Harvey, 353!

Cape Div.; ‘Table Woateitt Ecklon, 13,901! Cape Flats,

Krauss, Simons hae, Wright !

19. J. Sprengelii (Nees in Linnea, xx. 244); annual, tufted;

leaves linear, all basal, not septate, 2-3 in. long; stem le nder, .

leafless, 3-5 in. long; clusters 1 in. diam., 2-5 in a lax terminal

panicle flowers 8-12 in acluster ; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; Pail

steinntiit 6, half as long as the perianth ; style long; capsule oblong-

cuspidate, much shorter than the perianth ; seeds not tailed.

Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem, iv. 449, t. 10; Engl.

Jahrb. xii, 453.

Coast Reeion : Cape Div.; Camps Bay, niet and Zeyher. Tulbagh Div. ;

near Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon and Zeyher,

20. J. ineequalis (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 459,

t. 7); annual, tufted; leaves all basal, linear, grass-like, not septate,

3-6 in. long, + in. roa ow down ; stem slender, leafless, 6-8 in.

long ; clusters + in. diam., many in i icle ;

3 : :

obtuse inner ones ; stamens 6, mueh shorter than the perianth ; style

long ; capsule oblong-mueronate, shorter than the perianth ; seeds

not tailed. Buchen. in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 455. J. is isolepoides, Nees

in Linneéa, XX.

Coast ee Div. r Camps Bay, Ecklon, 12, 24. St a

Div. ; Hottentots Holland, Zeyher, 16, sir 14, Swellendaut Div.

by the Buffeljagts River, 1000-2000 ft .» Zeyher, 4319

Juncus. | JuNCACEm (Baker), 25

21, J. singularis (Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 302); perennial, tufted ;

leaves all basal, rigid, shorter than the stem, laterally compressed,

almost ancipitous, “not septate; stem leafless, angular, moderate ely

stout, 1-1 ft. long ; panicle lax, Binpte) terminal; flowers 6-10 in

a cluster; braets minute ; 2 in. long, outer segments ~

ceolate, acute, inner oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; stamens 6

long as the perianth ; ; style long; capsule brown, oblong, Riccar xy

shorter than the rags seeds not tailed. "Buchen. in Abhand.

Naturw. Ver. Brem. v. 438, ¢ . 9, ex parte; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 408.

OAST REG : Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens Berg and Bethelsdorp, Drége,

1604b, gintig. *'No apeieligs in Kew Herbarium,

22. J. dregeanus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 344); perennial, tufted;

leaves all basal, rigid, linear, much shorter than the stem, not

septate ; stem moderately stout, naked, terete, 1-12 : long ; panicle

capsule oblong . brown, shorter than the perianth ; seeds not tailed.

Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 462, t. 9; Engl.

Jahrb, xii. 436. J. cephalotes, Thunb. Prodr. 66, ex purte. J.

submonocephalus, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 303,

Souru “esta without locality, Drége, 1604 i, 4387, 4447.

Coast REG : Humansdorp Div.; near the Kromme Fut below 1000 ft.,

Drége, 1604 f. ‘ Uitenbage Div.; b an h lsdorp,

below 1 t eye, 1 the et bya og er, Ecklon and it 13,

., Drége, 160

101, 779, and 899, partly. Bathurst Div. ; e Fish “River below 1000 ft.,

Drége, 1604. Assegai Bosch, near Sidbury, Dok n and Zeyher, 10.

Katanari Region: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehvioan, 5742!

23. J. sonderianus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv.

76, t. 10); perennial, densely tufted ; leaves all radical, short,

linear, not septate ; stem slender, naked, 3-12 in. long ; clusters of

flowers 1-3, terminal, in. diam. ; flowers many in a cluster ;

perianth 2 in. lon . ster segments lanceolate, acuminate, inner

stamens 6, half as long as the perianth ; style an and

stigmas as long ; capsule oblong, shorter than the perianth; seeds

not tailed. Buchen. deg Engl. Jahrb. xii. 440. J. capensis var.

angustifotius, E. Meyer, Syn. ceri 49, ex parte. J. capensis var.

oe Vees in Tieudel xx. =

Coast ReGion: near the landi ee at Mossel Bay, Burchell, 6237! 6247!

Port. El Tabet Div.; Cape Recite, Burchell, 4886! Ecklon and Zeyher, 9, 780;

near Port Elizabeth, Drége, e

24. J. —— se Syn. Glum. ii. 304); perennial,

tufted; leaves all basal, narrowly linear, not septate, much shorter

than the stem; stem slender, naked - 2 ft. long j clusters of

panic

cluster ; bracts lanceolate ; perian A Gees sare ease segments

lanceolate, mucronate, inner rather sth 9 blake obtuse ; stamens

26 JUNCACE® (Baker). [ Juncus.

6, half as long as the perianth; style not very short; capsule

oblong, mucronate, shorter than the perianth; seeds not tailed.

Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 478; Engl. Jahrb.

xii. 441.

Coast Recron: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Dréye,

16042!

25. J. capensis (Thunb. Prodr. 66); perennial, densely tufted ;

rootstock short; leaves on sens. et or linear-subulate, not

septate, as long. , or short an, the st em slender, naked,

deeply sulcate, aja ft. ig clusters many or a in a lax terminal

panicle, + in i m.; flowers up to in a cluster ; bracts ovate-

mucronate, shorter than the flowers; perianth + in g, outer

segments lanceolate, very acute, inner oblong, obtuse; stamens

shorter than si perianth ; capsule oblong-trigonous, shorter than

the perianth; seeds comparatively me not tailed. Thunb. Fl.

Cap. edit. Schult. 337; Willd. Sp. P. ii. 210; H. Meyer, Syn.

Junc. 48; Kunth, Enum. ili. 342; gee in Abh rw,

Ver. Bron: iv. 482, ¢% 11; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 443 (with several

earistie).

Coa : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 35, 897, 898! 900,

Driget "Moca distin, 423 | ‘Islne, 229! Cape Flats, Ecklon, 899! Devils

Mountain, Ecklon, 35! Vicinity of Cape Town, Burchell, 81 283! 471!

i 0

! Z

Bathurst Div. ; Seer he Bosch, near Sidbury, Burchell, 4175! Albany Div. ;

i ; 2020 !

in. long; clusters many, in a lax terminal panicle, 1 in, diam

flowers usually 9-12 in a cluster; bracts ovate-mucronate, father

shorter than the flowers ; perianth } in. long, outer segments lanceo-

late, mucronate, inner o ong, obtuse ; stamens 6, shorter than the

perianth ; style long; capsule ovoid- -trigonous, shorter than the

sian seeds large, not tailed. Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver.

Brem. iv. 479; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 442

Coast Region: Paarl Div. ; by the ie River near Paarl, Drége, 1604h!

27. J. acutangulus (Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv.

480); perennial, densely tufted ; | leaves all radical, narrowly linear,

In, tri

flowers about 12 ina cluster; bracts ovate-lanceolate, mucronate ;

perian anth } in. long, outer segments lanceolate, shortl te,

inner oblong, obtuse ; stamens 6, rather shorter than the perianth ;

ENO Se Sete SNe RON are re BENNY ROE TL Pee Sr ng earn a aE Uae Oe 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee eee

Juncus. | JUNCACEE (Baker). 27

capsule oblong- nce ara aoraar" than the perianth; seeds not

tailed. Buchen, in Engl. Jahrb. xii. 442.

REGION : deh Div. ; poriecd nia eaten, 4318. Cape

Flats, Ecklon, 100. No specimen in Kew Herbari

28. J. lomatophyllus A poene Neue Entd. ii. 108); perennial,

tufted and stoloni ogee leaves many, in a basal tuft, linear, flat,

zl ft. long, 2-1 in. br oad, ie septate ; stem moderately stout,

naked, deeply silesie —2, rarely 3, ft. long ; inflorescence terminal,

laxly panicled, sometimes 6-8 in. long ; flowers 6-12 in a cluster;

bracts ovate- -euspidate, 1 scariose ; perianth- segments 3 in. long, outer

lanceolate, acute, inner oblong-lanceolate; stamens 6, rather shorter

than the perianth ; capsule brow n, oblong, "shorter than the perianth ;

seeds not tailed. Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv.

466, ¢. 10, ex parte; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 429. J. cymosus, Lam.

Eneyc, iii. 267, ex parte. J. cephalotes, Thunb. Prodr. 66, ex

parte. J. capensis var. latifolius, E. Meyer, Syn. June. 48 ; Kunth,

Enum. iii. 342.

Coast Region: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Ecklon, ae 26, 50! 896,

Milne, 225! MacGillivray, 420! 421! Paarl Div. ; by the Berg River, Drege !

Drakenstein Mountains, near need Kloof, 1500 ft., Bo sie 4080! Worcester

Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drég dye! Caledon ; Grabouw, near

Palmiet River, 700 ft., Bolus, 4219 : ” Uitenhage Div. ; near e Didihbeds, Burchell,

os !

Eastern Region: Temb ; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 543! Bir sacar

East; by streams around Clyde ale, 2508 ft., Tyson, 2866! Nat ; Umgeni

River, Rehmann, 8591! Umlaas Riv Kraus uss, 416! Inanda, Wood 221!

rage potenti 8590! and without et locality, Gerrard, 494! Buchanan,

II. LUZULA, DC.

Perianth rigid, cut down to the base ; segments ovate, subequal.

Stamens 6, shorter than the perianth, hypogynous, or attac shed to the

base om the rine Sma filaments — secibhes s oblong or —

ucleus ; albumen fleshy or farinaceous ; embryo minute.

Densely-tufted perennial herbs; leaves grass-like, mostly radical, ere with

soft hairs; inflorescence la axly or densely panicled, terminal ; perianth brown,

yellow, or white

DistTRIB, Ucaaiopalites Species 50, ppsonding to Buchenau.

ciliated, the Stier 4-8 in in. Sicugs stem sie iid ee,

bearing several reduced leaves ; inflorescence congest Pi a sma.

globose or ovoid termirial head; prim linear-convolute ;

perianth 1 in, long; segments ovate-acuminate, brown, ie

green

ish edge, outer rather longer than the inner; capsule

28 JUNCACEE (Baker). [ Luzula.

globose ; seeds ;'; in. long, rounded on the back, flattened on the

inner side. Buchen. in and. Naturw. Ver. Brem. iv. 414,

t.5 (4), ex parte; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 150.

Coast Reeron: Stockenstrom Div.; Katberg, in grassy places and swamps,

ee 8°63!

RAL REGIonN: Basutoland; Mont aux Sources, 9500 ft., Flanagan,

2008

III. PRIONIUM, E. Meyer.

Perianth rigid, cut down to the base; segments ovate, subequal.

Stamens as long as the perianth-segments ; filaments filiform ;

anthers oblong, basifixed. Ovary sessile, globose, 3-celled ; ovules

axile, usually 2 in a cell; stigmas 3, sessile, spreading. ’ Capsule

rigid, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds usually 1 in each cell, ovoid-

oblong, not appendiculate ; testa appressed ; <a fleshy ; embryo

straight, sometimes nearly as long as the album

Distris. Endemic. Monotypic.

1. P. Palmita (E. Meyer in Linnea, vii. 131); leaves aggregated in

a or. rosette at the top of a simple or forked stem, which is as thick

man’s arm, and reaches a length of 5-6 feet, linear, rigid,

laious 3 3—4 ft. long, an_ineh broad at the base, tapering g gradua

ranches ascending, subtended at the by large, seariose, clasping,

luuceolate bracts; branchlets spicate ; perianth brown, ng 3

bracts ovate, scariose, persistent, as long as the perianth. Kuzth,

10; Buchen. in Abhand. Naturw. Ver. Foun: iv. 408, ¢. 5 («4 ,

ex parte; Engl. Jahrb. xii. 72, fig. 8. Juncus serratus, Linn.

Suppl. 208 ; Thunb. Prodr. 66. Acorus Palmita, Lichten. Reise,

ouket Region: Clanwilliam Div.; Gift Berg, 1500-2500 ft., Drége. Cape

Div.; Camps Bay, Bergius, Ecklon pies 1; Table Mountain, Ecklon,

é :

000-4000 ft., Drége. Caledon Div. ; Palmiet River, Krauss. iversdale Div.

Great Vals River, Burchell, 6528! eorge Div.; between gat River and

Great Brak River, Burchell, 6144! Vitenh nbage Div. ; Zwartkops oe Ecklon

and baa 786, Van Stadens River, Drege, Uitenhage, Burchell, 4442

OrpverR CXLITI. PALME.

(By C. H. Wrtenr.)

Flowers dicecious. Calyx inferior, 3-lobed. Petals 3, usually

valvyate in the male flowers, im st in the female. "St amens

usually 6, hypogynous or perigyno’ Ovary superior, with 3

connate or free ca rpels; stigma rea a t lateral; ovule solitary.

PALM® (Wright). 29

carpels. Seed oblong to spherical; spermoderm often adhering to

the endocarp ; albumen copious, cartilaginous, horny or oily, homo-

geneous or ruminate ; embryo small, peripheral.

Trees with erect, simple, more rarely branched, stems, or woody climbers;

leaves alternate, usually collected ge a terminal ec crown, ernie or flabellate ;

petiole sheathing at the base an n breaking up into a fibrous network on

the decomposition of the lea Setlaedecenee axillary ; spathes one or more,

usually afar sag: Sraciohesl parame mple.

TR Genera 140, Species about 1200, widely spread through the

tropics ‘at giibttopies | ers both hemispheres.

I. Phoenix.—Leaves pinnate. Carpels distinct. Embryo dorsal.

II. Hyphene.—Leaves flabellate. Carpels united. Embryo apical.

I, PHOENIX, Linn.

Flowers dicecious. Male flower oblong. Calyx cupular, 3-toothed.

Petals 3, slightly connate at the base, valvate. Stamens 6 ; filaments

connate at t the base ; anthers gap a erect, dorsifixed. Rudi-

mentary ovary small or none. Female flower globose. Calyx as in

the male. Petals 3, rotundate, concave, widely imbricate. Stami-

nodia 6, connate. Carp els 3, distinet ; stigma sessile ; ovule erect.

Fruit oblong, \aadas stigma terminal, Seed deeply grooved on

the ventral side ; embryo minute, dorsal ; albumen cartilaginous.

Unarmed trees; leaves pinnate; pinne lanceolate, induplicate ; spathe

solitary ; hte intrafoliaceous, bra nehed ; flowers small, yellow

DistR1B. Species about 12, dispersed through tropical and subtropical Asia

and Africa,

1. P. reclinata (Jaeq. Fragm. i. 27, t. 24) ; stem erect, covered

with the scars of the old leaves ; leaves 3-5 ft. long, reclina e at

1 ft. long, 12 lin. wide, lower ones gyi rE be male flower:

calyx cupular ; petals 3, oot. acute; stamens 6; female spadix

2 ft. lon ng; peduncle 1 ft. long, complanate, sinterctae branches

6-8 in. long ; petals widely orbicular ; drupe oblong, es lin. nate

Bece. poi iii, 349. 2 spinosa, ' Saha f Thonn. Beskr. Guin.

Pl, 437; Kunth, Enum. 256; Kirk in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix.

234. P. leonensis, Lodd. ex e ieath, Enum, iii. 256.

Coast Region: Albany Div.; spot be a Karega and other rivers, Bowie !

Algoa Bay, ex Mart Fish River, ex ‘ius. :

Ea cman oroN: Natal, Garden! Port Natal, Krauss, 82! Kaffraria,

Ecklon and Z

Relendhigt sigh Tropical Africa.

30 PALME (Wright).

Il. HYPHAENE, Gertn.

Flowers dicecious. Male flower: Calyx 3-lobed, imbricate. Petals

widely ovate, concave, connate into a short stalk at the base, gluma-

ceous, abriodte: Stamens 6; filaments short, subulate ; anthers

linear, 2-lobed at the base, basifixed. Rudim entary ovary none.

Female flower shortly pedicelled, larger than the male. Sepals

ovate orbicular, obtuse, imbricate. Petals slightly smaller than the

sepals, widely ovate, obtuse, imbricate. Staminodia 6, connate into

a membranous eup. Ovary subglobose, obscurely 3-lobed, 3-celled;

stigmas 3, sessile ; ovule laterally affixed near the base. Fruit sessile

or stalked, 1-celled ; stigma basilar; pericarp grumose with shining

epidermis ; endocarp woody. Seed adnate to the endoca arp, which is

intruded at the base, erect ; raphe with reticulate fies ehee: albumen

bony, homogeneous ; embryo apical.

Unarmed or penis spiny medium or large sized trees; leaves flabellate ;

petiole ending in a short ligule; spadices with cylindrical ” spathes ; branches

alternate with subfastigiate her chlets ; bracts semicircular, very densely ib

cate; bracteoles mem id ; flowers immersed in the branchlets, the male

pairs, the female solita

DistRiB. Species cou 9, dispersed through tropical Africa, Arabia, and the

Masearene Islands,

1. H. crinita (Gertn. Fruct. ii. 13, t. 82, f. 4); stem simple,

8-20 ft. high; leaves abellate “with fibres betwee on the laciniz,

base, deeply channelled above ; margin aculeolate; fruit obovate,

de pressed, shortly stalked, smooth; putamen subglobose. Mart.

Poin 227; Wendl. in Bot. Zeit. 1881, se Kirk in Journ.

Linn. Soe ix, Yo... i: ndtitensie G. Kunze n Linnea, <x. 305

ard, Apes 1890, viii. 381. H. bilertting. "Klotsch ex Mart.

Palin. i ili. 227.

EASTERN ReGion: Natal, Gueinzius, Drége.

Also found in the central part of Tropical Africa and in Madagascar.

The widely spread tropical = ican H. thebaica, Mart., differs in its branched

stem and ovate fruit and putam

Orpen sues TYPHACEA.

(By N. E. Brown.)

Flowers uwnisexual, moncecious, in dense bracteate 8 or spikes.

Ma le aap with a perianth of 3-6 cay or withou a perianth,

oblong, or cuneate, 2-celled anthers, opening by longitudinal slits,

the connective ——- produced beyond the cells at the apex;

no rudiment of an ovary. Female flowers with a perianth of sc

or of fine hairs, sometimes accompanied by slender spathulate or clavate

TYPHACER (Brown). 31

bracteoles. Ovary superior, 1-celled, sessile or stalked ; style simple,

terminal, persistent; stigma unilateral, elongate; ovule solitary,

pendulous from the apex of the cell, anatropous. Fruit sessile or

Perennial aquatic or marsh herbs, with creeping rhizomes ; leaves alternate,

linear or strap-shaped, sheathing at the base; veins parallel; flowers small or

minute, sessile, bracteolate or ebracteolate, densely crowded into globose heads

or cylindric spikes, along simple or branched axes, with or without leafy bracts

at their base; the male inflorescence terminal.

A small order of two genera and about 25 species, very widely dispersed.

I. TYPHA, Linn.

scales, or slender, clavate, curved filaments. Stamens with their

filaments variously connate; anthers linear, basifixed, 2-celled, the

connective produced beyond the cells; pollen simple or compound.

emale flowers ebracteolate or mingled with slender clavate or

fine simple or clavate hairs. Ovary superior, stalked, at least after

fertilization; narrow, 1-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule 3 Style

elongate, slender, erect ; stigma linear or lanceolate. Fruit minute,

stalked, ellipsoidal or subeylindric, with a thin membranous peri-

carp. Seed subcylindrie or narrowly ellipsoidal, albuminous; testa

thin; embryo axile,

Aquatic or marsh herbs, with creeping rhizomes and erect stems ; leaves

alternate, linear or strap-shaped, parallel-veined ; flowering-stem erect, simple,

terminated by the dense, cylindric, superposed, unisexual flower-spikes ; bracts

None, or linear and deciduous or caducous

Species described about 18, but probably some are only varietal forms, widely

distributed.

Female flowers bracteolate ; stigmas linear 3

Female flowers usually cbracteolate; sti

lanceolate es ted ae ies

one Ae ... (1) australis.

gmas_ spathulate- ;

3 ie (2) capensis.

32 TYPHACE® (Brown). [ Typha.

long as the stigma, brownish ; stigma linear, a than the hairs,

mottled with brown ;_ hairs filiform. Sehwm. and Thonn. in Danske

Vidensk. Selsh. Afhan: di. 1829, 175 ; Krol 4 Verhandl. Zool.-

Bot. Gesselsch. Wien, 1889, 156, ¢. 5, f' 4. T. angustifolia, var.

australis, Rohrbach in Verhandl, Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb, xi. 83.

SouTH AFRICA: without pai af Krebs, Masson, Bergius.

Coast Recion : Uitenhage Div.; between Van Stadens Berg and Bethelsdorp,

under 1000 ft., Drége. 8811! 1

ENTRAL REGION : Prince Albert Div. ; between Drie Koppen and Blood River,

Drége, 8810

Also in Tropical and North Africa.

This differs fi T. angustifolia in the form of the bracteoles, and the finer

hairs of a Sumale perianth.

2. T. capensis (Rohrb. in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb.

xi. 96); plant attaining 6 ft. in height, glabrous; blade of leaf

11-4 ft. long, 2—7 lin. broad, linear or strap shaped, obtusely pointed,

j al

and female spikes subequal, or the female a little the longer,

33—7 in. long, an or separated by a short interval; stamens

mixed with brownish bracts or scales, that are linear-spathulate

or cuneate-spathulate entire and acute, or variously toothed; pollen

i e flowers usually tN 8 or with a few narrow

spathulate- t pesolate. colourless bracteo mingled with them;

stigmas spathulate- lanceolate, longer than the filiform hairs. Kron-

feld in Verhandl. Zoolog.- Bot. Gesselsch, ‘Ati, 1889, 180. fF.

latifolia, Krauss in Flora, 1845, 343, not of Lin

ie Arrica: without locality, Harvey, 558! pe and Zeyher, 913,

Coast Rra@ion: Queenstown Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., Baur, 893

EASTERN REGION: Natal; banks of rivers, Krauss. Toanda, Wika: 1378!

Also in Tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Orver CXLV. AROIDEZ.

(By N. E. Brown.)

Flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite, with or without a perianth,

hermaphrodite flowers. Perianth, when present, of free oF

connate segments. Stamens 6, rarely more or fewer vate the

free or connate ; filame nts : none, or broad and flat, or ade filiform ; i

anthers opening ‘by terminal pores, or by short or long longitudinal’ :

slits; pollen often emitted in enmeage-like & trings. Ovary sometim

surrounded by staminodia, superior, or rarely inferior, with or withe

AROIDEE (Brown). 33

out a style, and with an entire or lobed stigma, one—many-celled, with

axile, parietal, basal or apical placentation ; ovules 1—many in a cell,

orthotropous, campylotropous or anatropous. Fruit a 1-many-

seeded berry, Seeds albuminous or exalbuminous.

Herbs or shrubs, with a thick fleshy or tuberous rootstock, or with erect,

eeping, or climbing stems, simple or branched; leaves alte rnate, radical or

wai usually Me sheathing petioles, net- or parallel-veined ; spa athe open to

the base or the si conv volute or tubular, wholly deciduous or persistent,

or big the biter ak per .

ISTRIB. Genera ab aan Species about 1000, mers ree in the

Tropies of both hemispheres, very few in the temperate re

Tribe 1, PistrEm. Female part of spadix adnate re a spathe. Flowers

unisexua

I. Pistia. ok floating aquatic herb. Leaves in a small flattened rosette, cuneate-

oblon

Tribe 2 , StYLOCHITONER. Spadin _ without an appendix, Flowers

Ree hiner erie annular or cup-shaped

IT. Sty ton. Aeris spa con herbs. So hastate, sagittate, or lanceolate.

loc

Spathe eet r bel

Tribe 3, PHILODENDRER, Spadia free, without an appendix. Flowers

unisexual, witheot a pet anth, Ovaries surrounded with staminodes or naked.

III. Richardia. ag wating herbs. Leaves hastate, sagittate, or lanceolate.

Spathe convolute bel

I, PISTIA, Linn.

Spathe ge tubular below ; limb open, ae constricted on

eac h side s base. Spadix ‘shorter than the spathe, moncecious,

form in outline with the sides Hans inwards or ditniens Flowers

unisexua one. Female inflorescence of a single ovary,

apparently arising from the back of the spathe, very oblique,

l-celled ; style obliquely erect from the top of the ovary ; stigma

capitate ; ovules numerous, iar orthotropous. Male inflorescen

branous outer. and inner skin, ia

between them; embryo minute, es

A floating, Faniraaigest a ae herb, with a werk of fibrous roots; leaves in a

rosette, with flabellate raised beneath; spathes axillary, with very short

peduncles,

Distris, A single species, variable in the form of its leaves, found deci pie

the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, in still, fresh water

1. P. Stratiotes (Linn. Sp. Pl. 963); leaves sessile in a rosette,

gx = eee 1-2 in. broad, euneate-obovate, notched or entire at the

34 AROIDER (Brown). [ Pistia.

ovary pale green, pubescent; neuter organs frill-like, pale green;

anthers dirty-white. Bot. Mag. t. 45645 Flore des Ser res, vi. 289,

t. 625; Engl.in DC. Monog. Phan. ii. 634, P. africana, Presl, Epimel.

Bot. 240; Klotzsch in Abhandl. Akad. Wissenschaft. Ber rlin, “1853,

355, reprint 27. P. natalensis, Klotzsch in Abhandl. Akad, Wissen-

schaft. Berlin, 1853, 354, reprint 26.

Eastern Reeton ; Natal; Umgeni River, Drége! Umlaas River, Krauss!

Widely distributed in all the warm regions of the earth.

Il. STYLOCHITON, Leprieur.

eprops tubular below ; limb expanded or hooded, at length entirely

patdarioe Ypadix monccions, free, usually with a-naked space be-

ween the ‘male and female parts, or the base of the male part more or

io interrupted, without neuter organs, or appendix. Female flowers

free or connate in a single cycle, or in 2—5 spirals, crowded, laterally

compressed or ang gular. from mutual pressure, the uppermost often

imperfectly hermaphrodite. Perianth gamophyllous, cupular oF

suburceolate, truncate, often with a thickened margin, Staminodes

one. ary superior or inferior, 1-celled with basal placentation or

two parietal placentas, or 2—4-celled in the lower part, with axile

placentation; ovules 2 to several in each cell, anatropous; pay

exserted; stigma discoid- De vadgeae Male flowers numerous, in 3

cylindric spike, crowded or lax. Perianth as in the female flowers,

ut less deep and not Sinead at the mouth, usually laterally

compressed. Stamens 4, inserted at the base of a rudimentary ovary,

slightly compressed seeds, with a thin, black, die testa, copious,

fleshy albumen, and an elongated, axile embr ryo.

Perennial os with the habit of an Arum; rhizome stout, fleshy, nodose oF

ringed ; = all radical, petiolate, violates ie sagittate, hastate, or pc entire at

the base, eps sin ry with a flowers, or appearing after +

terminal or P aeillary solitary, sho

DistRiB. Species about 10, all natives of Tropical Africa except the two here

described,

Lea 22-63 in, broad; spathe 3-5 in. long, cream-

Clones within ... (1) natalense.

Leaves Art in. -_ broad spathe 5-8 in. long, dark puce

within (2) maximus.

natalense (Schott, Aroid. i. 10, t. 14); leaves 3-6, quite

1:6.

glabrous ; easels 3-9 in. long, vaginate for 1: its length, ro’ unded —

Stylochiton, | AROIDEZ (Brown). 35

on the vaginate part; blade 3-6 in. long, 21-61 in. broad, va

from sagittate to hastate, obtuse or acute, with a subulate apieulus

13-3 lin, long; basal lobes oblong, very obtusely rounded at the

at the base, green outside, whitish-green within ; limb erect, oblong-

lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2-3 in. long i

coloured within, green on the back ; . spadix sessile, 11-1} in. long ;

base of the male part more or less interrupted but scarcely separated

from the female flowers by a distinct naked space; female part

4-5 lin. long, of 4-5 crowded spirals of flowers, angular from mutual

pressure ; perianth {—1 line deep, cup-shaped, contracted at the

mouth, truncate and thickened at the margin, cream-coloured ;

ovary oblong-ovoid, 2- rarely 3-—4-celled with axile placentation,

green ; style 3 & line long, whitish-green; male perianth about + line

deep, laterally compressed, cream-coloured ; stamens with filiform

Fier and elliptic-oblong age creamy-yellow. Schott, Gen.

; Prod. Aroid. 345; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. ii. 523.

Gicinite natalensis, Sond, ex Schott, Arotd. i. 10.

Eas ee Reaion: Natal; Attercliffe, 800 ft., Sanderson, 309! Inanda,

Wood, 271! and without precise ocak, Gerrard, 750! Gueinzius! Delagoa

Bay, Ata te specimen, Mrs. Montes

2. §. maximus (Engl. Jahrb. xv. 466); leaves about 6, quite

glabrous; petiole 6-12 in. or more (?) long, vaginate for 3—; its

length ; blade 4-12 in. long, 5103 in. broad, deeply cordate or

cordate-sagittate, aeute or obtuse, apiculate ; ; basal lobes elliptic,

elliptic-ovate, or elliptic-oblong, about half as long as the front lobe,

pia? e apex, with an obtuse sinus 2-3 in. dee °P

me them ; peduncle 2-3 in. long ; oe with a tube 2-3 i

the female part by a distinct naked space ; female pa

of 4—5 crowded spirals of flowers, angular from mutual pressure

perianth 1 line deep, cup-shaped, contracted at the mouth, trunc e

and thickened at the margin ; ovary subglobose, 2-celled with axile

seeticteeos At 3; style 1 lin e long ; ; male perianth 3 line deep, laterally

compressed ; filaments of stamens 1 line long, filiform, exserted.

Pere ne : Delagoa Bay, under the shade of trees, Forbes ! Monteiro,

Mr. Monteiro on his label states that the flowers ‘ powerful

odour,” whilst Mrs. Monteiro informed me that they are iembictesy wad strongly

scented _ violets.” 9

36 AROIDER (Brown).

Ill. RICHARDIA, Kunth.

Spathe with a convolute, narrowly funnel-shaped tube, broadest at

the mouth ; limb oblique, open, suberect or recurving, terminated b

a subulate point, persistent. Spadix moncecious, free, sessile or

ual flowers ; the basal part female; the upper part m male ;

appendix none ; staminodes sometimes mixed with the ovaries, but

like strings. Fruit a berry, 1-3-celled ; cells 1—2-seeded.

subglobose or ovoid ; testa rather thin; albumen copious ; embry?

Herbs with the habit of Arum; rootstock a thick fleshy rhizome; leaves all

radical, with brn rg and hastate “A pig apa bake or lanceolate blades,

contemporar wers; peduncle ong as nger than the leaves;

yw the

spathe large, showy, wee, yellow or mth ries ng see changing to gree

the fruit devel

DisTRis. eis 7 or 8, of which one or two are Tropical African.

Leaves narrow lanceolate, acute at the base... .. (1) Rehmanni. :

Leaves hastate, sagittate or cordate at the base :

Leaf wit

s lon

broad; petiole ‘mht without petaties | 3 comhe.

blotched at the bas

eaf without HE ; spathe yellow .., « (2) angustiloba.

£ with a e spots ; spathe white it albomaculata.

Leaf with the broadly ovate or deltoid park above

the basal oe usually much less than twic

broa

Petiole with soft bristles below; re

gree wit {abt ro ig at the base

hite (4) melanoleuca.

Leaf wi i (5) hastata.

Petiole saastth, near toor bristles ; 3 spathe

entirely white .. ae (6) africana. .

Ls Ry rere ng EB. Br. ex Harrow in Gard, Chron. 1888, !¥-

570, as R. Lehma t by error) ; petiole smooth, without bristles ; —

blade of the leat 71-15 | in. long, 1-2 in. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, ©

subulate at the apex, cuneate-acute at the base. an uniform

short, linear, seca ce white cork |

spathe 8-42 in. long; lim oblique, more or less recurved, light |

rosy-purple, darker but not blotched at the base within, or white

greenish-white to the base within, with rosy-tinted margins ; spadi* _

not half the fength of the spathe, stipitate, = Acta. ovaries with —

a very short, stout style ; anthers yellow. Watson in Gard. Chro™

1892, xii. 124; 1893, xiv. 770, and 1894 xvi. Soh y, Krelage

Richardia. | AROIDER (Brown). 37

Gartenfl. 1894, 12 and 15, jig. 7; Bot. Mag. t. 7436. R. Lehmanni

(by error), Krel lage in Gard. Chron. 1893, xiv. 564, fig. 94.

stb Rehmanni, Engl. Jahrb. iv. 63.

ERN REGION; Natal; stony hills, Weenen County, 4000-5

Wood, 5204! dry hills near New Castle, Rehmann, 80! and Sentivated

Specimens !

2. R. angustiloba (Schott in Journ. Bot. 1865, 35) ; Feiyen

smooth, without bristles; blade of leaf 71-17 in. lon

broad across the basal lobes, elongate-deltoid or Pr ce

searcely half as ee as the spathe, lin ric; ovaries with a su

sessile stigma, _ bee white ; stained none ; anthers ae

Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan, ii. 329, BR. maer ocarpa, Watson

Gard. Chron. 1899, xii. 124. R, Pentlandii, Whyte ex Watson a

ots grote: 1894, xv. 590; Bot. Mag. t. 7397. Calla Pentlandit,

Whyte ex Watson in Gard. Chron. os, mii, 124, Zantedeschia

angutlba Engl., and Z. macrocarpa, Engl. Jahrb. iv. 64.

Katanart Region: Transvaal; Trigards ah ar Rehmann, 82, 83;

Mapoch Distr ict, west of Lydenburg, ‘cultivated specimen

Also in Tropical Africa,

with R, angustiloba, Schott, and RB. a a Ae Whyte. The ail de Soares is

given on the authority of Mr. E. E. see “tegen: of Garhetion, Transvaal,

who presented tiving plants of this species to

3. R. albomaculata (Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 5140) ; petiole smooth,

without bristles; blade of the leaf 6— 18 in. long, 3-9 in, broa d

across the basal lobes hastate or occasionally sagittate, with a wide

elongate-oblong, sate or acuminate, more than twice as long as

broad, green, with numerous elongated, semitransparent, white spots ;

Spathe 21-41 in. long; limb oblique, suberect, acuminate, milk-

de; spadix

Shortly stipitate, scarcely half as long as the spathe, cylindric ;

Ovaries with a sessile or subsessile stigma, pale greenish ; staminodia

: . se

1865, te 462; Fl. des Serres, xiii. Ah t. 1343, and xxi, 165, t. 2258 ;

Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. ii. 397. Zantedeschia albomacu lata,

Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. 254; Engl. Jahrb. iv. 64.

eee Region : Aliwal North Div.; Witte Bergen, 5000-6000 ft., Drege,

38 AROIDE® (Brown). [ Richardia.

Recion: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000-2500 ft., Baur, 433!

Griqualand East ; stony slopes around Kokstad, 4500 ft., Z'yson, 1590 !

4. R. melanoleuca (Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5765) ; er with

att bristles on the lower part; blade of the leaf 5 -8 in. long,

21-6 in. broad across the basal lobes, deltoid or ovate- deltoid, acute,

with a subulate point, hastate or sagittate at the base,

sinus, the part above the basal lobes usually mueh less a twice as

long as broad, green, with numerous semitransparent white spots ;

pag 2-3 in. long, iaticels subtruncate at the mouth, light yellow

or greenish-yellow, with a dark purple-brown blotch ‘at the base

inside ; spadix shortly mes cylindric ; ovaries with scarcely any

style, pale greenish ; stigma subsessile ; staminodia none ; anthers

yellow. Gard. Chron 1869, 1182; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan.

1i. 328. Zantedeschia ‘melanoleuca, Engl. Jahrb, iv. 64.

Eastern Reoion: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 431! and without precise locality,

Buchanan! Gerrard, 1525! Sanderson, 2091!

. R. hastata (Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5176) ; petiole with soft

bristle- like hairs on the lower part, which wither and often almost

sg i in the dried state; blade of the leaf 7-10 in. long, 5-72

broad across the basal ‘lobes, hastate, acute, tipped with a

Gubslats point, the length of the part above the basal lobes usually

less than twice its greatest breadth, green, unspotted ; spathe

3-4 in. oe limb oblique, nearly in. a line with the tube, light

in DC. Monog. Phan. ii. 328 ; Garden, Dec. 1889. Calla oculata,

Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1859, 788. Zantedeschia hastata, Engl.

Jahrb. iv. 64,

— Rea@ion: Basutoland, Cooper, mre Transvaal ; Lomati Valley,

near Barberton, in swamps, 4000 ft., Galpin, 1360

Pesci REGION : Natal, Sanderson! Wood, 2

R. africana (Kunth in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, iv. 433,

cog: ‘petiole smooth, without bristles ; ‘blade of the leaf 6-18 in.

long, 4-10 in, broad, cordate or hastate, obtuse or acute, tipped with

a subulate point, the length of the part above the basal lobes much

less than twice its breadth, green, unspotted ; spathe 4-10 in. long;

limb oblique, recurving from the tube, milk- -white, without any

blotch at the base within : ; Spadix sessile, about half as long as the

spathe, or less, cylindric ; ovaries narrowed into a distinct style 3 +i

line long, pale gre aoa oe ; Staminodia and anthers ae yellow.

Kunth, Enum. Pl. i 8 ; Schott, Synop. Arvid. 131; Gen, Aroid.

t. 62; and Prod. pe) 324; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. i ii. 327.

Calla wthiopica, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 968; Bot. Mag. t. 832; Jac of

Fraym. 29, t. 32, fig. 3 (fruit). Colocasia «wthiopica, Spreng

Richardia.] AROIDE& (Brown). 39

Link Handb. i. 267. Zantedeschia athiopica, Spreng. Syst. Veg.

iil. 765; Engl. Jahrb. iv. 64.

Coast REGION: Shek ag around Cape Town, Pappe! T

yger

Berg, fade 1000 f as ' "Bivens sb ; "ostenhalici River, Gill! °

w hater Natal; chy “Wo od, 286!

A Sah form of this specie spina a branched fla is figured in. the

Gardeners’ Chronicle 1895, 185, figs. 19,20. A dwarf form about a foot

high was introduced into 0 uropean eatbcks in 1894 or 1895, where it is known

under the name of * Little Gem.’

Orpver CXLVI. LEMNACEZ.

(By N. E. Brown.)

Flowers very minute, seated in a cavity ~ the margin or in the

upper oie of the frond, consisting of 1-2 stamens accompanied

by a sile ovary, either n aked or enclosed in a membranous

spathe to perianth ? ), widah ruptures irregularly as fr stamens

mature. Stamens exserted from the frond ; filaments filiform ; anthers

1-2-celled ; cells subglobose, opening by transverse slits or by a slit

across the top. Ovary narrowed into a style or with a subsessile

stigma, l-celled ; placenta basal; ovule solitary or Pe in an ovary,

anatropous, semianatropous, or orthotr ropous. Fruit 1-several- seeded,

indehiseent or opening aisithearnisee Seeds minute, albuminous

embryo straight, axile.

Small or m tient gregarious, floating sala dousiedlog se ce jen

vate, oblong or linear fronds of cellular tissue, with o

5 t

het

i=j

fae

ngs

my oS

ise]

“

acl

cavity or cavities ate ne t the basal end of t — rootless or pro-

ducing one or more roots rs "the middle of the under surfac

Pee ae All warm and temperate countries, in still water. "Gamae 2; species

- Lemna.—Frond with one or more roots. Flowers seated in a cavity at the

margin of the frond.

IL, Bose Mis. Frond rootless. Flowers seated in a cavity in the upper surface

of the frond.

I, LEMNA, Linn.

Flowers very — very rarely seen in some of the species,

seated in a cavity at the of the frond, enclosed in a minute

membranous stag Stamens 1-2 ; anthers 2-celled ; cells opening

Fron 8 small or seine:

on still waters, thin and flat, or flat above and m i

orbiter elliptic, o oblong, above or ia tery ete se outline en — rier ke ag a

n cag under surface, floating

with one or more roots o ising eee

ee All warm and temperate countries. Species 9.

40 LEMNACE& (Brown). [ Lemna.

goog the two species i sone there may be a third one in South 2

as there isa specimen of L. olz za, Kurz, in the Kew Herbarium

by Hegeins aier, which is labelled if sf gibba ? Pion te Ecklon and Cee,

512,” but according toa note written by Hooker he label, and another

written by Heuelia set, si is des btful if the label sight prion ts o the specimen.

L. oligorrhiza, Kurz, les L. minor, it isof about the same size, but rather

more oblong, and di ffors i in ngreee te 2-4 roots to each frond, instead of a single one

as in L

Fr wet ane aay flat on both sides ar ) minor.

Frond thick, very convex and somewhat spongy "beneath ae (2) gibba.

1. L. minor (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 970); fronds —21 lin. long,

4-12 lin. ‘Sina elliptic, elliptic. oblong , or somewhat obovate, rather

thin, nearly flat on both sides, bright green ; young fronds sessile ;

ar solitary from the under surface of each frond ; ovary flask-shaped,

ith a distinct ee! ovule pee semianatropous Hegelmater,

‘Monod Lemn, 142, t.9-10. LZ. ovata, A. Braun, ex Krauss in Flora,

1845, 344.

South AFRICA: without locality, Ecklon

: Pg ReGion: Uitenhage Div. ; Zwartkops River, in stagnant places, Krauss,

EasterN Reaion: Natal; Umgeni River, Drége! Umlaas River, Krauss!

Port Natal, Gueinzius.

Widely dispersed in all parts of the globe.

2. L. gibba (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 970) ; fronds 13-8 lin. long, and

nearly as age subrotund or broadly obovate, very thick, flat and

bright green above, very convex, greenish- white and somewhat

spongy beneath ; young fronds sessile ; roots iad from the under

surface of each fron d; flowers rare. Hegelmater, Monog. Lemn. 145,

t, 11-13. Telmatophace gibba, Schleid. in Linnea, xiii. 391,

Soutu AFrica: without opis, Ecklon, Zeyher, B

Coast Reaion ; Uitenhage Div. ; near the mouth of "the Zwartkops River,

Drége, 8812!

Eastern Recion: Port Natal, Gueinzius.

Widely distributed within the range of the Order.

II. WOLFFIA, Hook.

Flowers rarely seen, pe mdeeeat seated in a cavity in the upper

surface of the frond, without a spathe. Stamen 1; anther 1-celled,

opening by a slit across the tis and the valves becoming refiexe

Fronds small or minute, entirely without roots, but in two — a wit t ke

hair, quite “destit tate of a oe is developed from the under side, floating 0

ters, thin and flat, or thick as broad, subglobular, hemispherical,

ellipsoidal, fart e, oblong, or ‘inva, entire, or rarely minutely toothed at the

margin or

penis a sameas for Lemna. Species 12.

Frond minute, at lin. long, 4 lin. broad, nearly as sic as

ellip’ ess ... (1) Michelii.

Frond 2-24 iin. ea } lin, broad, lincar ea denticulats. —

. W. Michelii (Schleid. Beitr. Bot. 233) ; frond minute, 1—} lin. —

long, about 3 lin. broad, elliptic in outline, nearly as thick as ; broad, 4

oon

Wolfjia. | LEMNACEX (Brown). 41

rather dark green; fluwers very rare. W. arrhiza, Wimm. FI.

Schles. ed. 3. 140; Journ. Bot. 1865, 118, ¢. 29; Hegelmaier,

Monog. Lemn.124. Lemna arrhiza, Linn. Mant. alt, 294.

_Katanwari Reeion: Transvaal; Hooge Veld at Standarton, Rehmann,

6777 !

Widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

2. W. denticulata (Hegelmaier, Monog. Lemn. 133, t. 3, f. 16- 23) ;

frond 2-22 lin, long, + lin. broad, es ‘minutely toothed at the end ;

young fronds sessile ; “flowers unknow.

South Arrica: Krauss.

T have not seen sear spe ots According to Hegelmaier it was collected by

Krauss with Lemna

Orper CXLVII. NAIADACEZ.

(By ARTHUR BENNETT.)

Flowers aes green (often coloured in Aponogeton), 1—2-sexual.

Perianth 0, or tubular, or of 3-4, inferior, valvate segments, Stamens

hypogynous Oe ti l- 2-celled, Ovary of 1-4, l-ovuled carpels;

style long or short ; stigma of many forms. Jruit of 1-seeded

utricules, ‘iehea, or drupelets. Seed exalbuminous ; embryo curved,

or ic large at re radicular end.

Aqua rsh herbs ; habit various; rootstock usually creeping ; stems

clon se “except Trigloohin), simple, or branched; leaves erect, submerged or

floating, sheathing at the base; stipules 0, or contained in the sheath.

Disrris. All le

* Stigmas discoid or decurrent on the ovary.

Perianth of sepals or scales. Flowers bisexual.

I. Triglochin——Marsh herbs. Sepals 6, green

II. Apono —. ee. ne 3 1-3, white or coloured.

IIL, Potamogeton.—Aquatics. Sepals 4, herbaceous, green.

Perianth é Flowers uni- or bi-sexual

IV, Ruppia.—Aquatics. Stamens 2. Catsela stipitate.

1lia.— Aquatics. Stet 1. Carpels usually sessile.

** Stigmas subulate or ae

Vij Zostera.— A quati Flowers sessile on a flat linear spadix.

VII. Naia . rere Flowaes axillary.

I. TRIGLOCHIN, Linn.

Perianth-segments 3 or 6, herbaceous, deciduous. Stamens 6, at

the base of the perianth-segments ; anthers didymous. Carpels els 3-6,

1-celled, l1-ovuled, 3 often imperfect ; styles short, sometimes connate ;

stigmas sessile or subsessile, plumose. Fruit of 3 or 6 free or connate

achenes or follicles ; tips recurved. Seed erect; embryo straight.

Marsh herbs with rush-like flat or terete leaves; flowers small, bisexual, spicate

or racemose, 2-hracteate.

regions.

¥euit Hadar 51 eaves canaliculate es ta ae a) bulbosum.

‘Fruit linear ; leaves afemsinge entree we he es ont iforum,

Fruit subrotund . at era ee ae ey ae.

42 NAIADACEZ (Bennett). [ Triglochin.

1. T. bulbosum (Linn. Mant. alt. 226); stem simple, tuberous at

the base, with interlaced fibres, forming a brown mass at the base;

leaves half-cylindrical, finely striated, canaliculate, generally shorter

than the stem; raceme elongating after flowering, 6-12-flowered ;

fruits erect, ascending (not appressed), larger at the base than the

apes, of 3 carpels. Bot. Ma ag. t. 1445; Thunb. Prod. 67 ; Fl. Cap.

ed. 2, ii. 347 ; —— in DC. oasis i: 92; Buchenat in Engl.

Jahrb. ii. 510. T. Barreliert, Lois, Fl. Gall. ed. 2, 64.

SoutuH AFRIca: without locality, Zeyher, 1735! Hiei Krauss, 1398!

1399 ! 1 nag

Coast Rre Cape ; Cape Flats, Bolus, 2850! Elliot, 1175!

Binns Bays 1 Wn ight | ! ee Div. Flats be yam tah url and French Hoek, below

bet nhage Div., Ecklon and Zeyher, 620

Eas eae oe = @riga ualand East ; rose ng Tenge: 5000 ft., Tyson, 1866!

Natal ; ais “Wood, 9 7!

2. T. laxiflorum (Gussone, Ind. Sem. Hort. Boceadit. 1825); stem

ascending, tuberous at the base; leaves linear, flat (not canaliculate) ;

flowers distant ; peduncles short, patent in fruit ; carpels 3, Praag

tapering upw ards. Fl, Sie. Prod. i. 451; Micheli in DC. Monog

101 ; Bu eenas in Engl. Jahrb. ii. 510.

. Region : Natal; “eee ee 8581! Wood, 925!

Differ T. bulboswm, Linn, the "Ot (not erect) stem, leaves

nearly ri es Provan yee fruit ‘sdiiéele shorte

T. striatum (Ruiz & Pavon, FI. Peruv. iii. 72) ; rootstock small,

stoloniferous ; leaves variable, narrowly linear to subulate, striate,

generally shorter than the scape; stem (scape) without leaves,

3-12 in. tall; flowers shortly pedicelied often many ; carpels 3,

orbicular, with 6 permanent ribs, a 1-12 lin. long. Micheli in

DC. Monog. iii. 101; Buchenau in Trai Jahrb. ii. 510. T. mari-

tinum, Thunb, (not of Linn.) Fl. Cap. ed. 2, ii. 346 ; Durand and

Sc Conspect. Fl. Sail 491.

Coast Rea@ion : Cape Div.; about the ponds near Cape Town and at Salt i

Burchell, 691! sik witee near Cape Town, Rehmann, 1194

Rehmann, 1832! Salt River, Schlechter, 253! Uit — iv., Zey

914! Zwartkops River, below 100 ft., Drége! Van Stadens River, recounts

2051! Port Blizabe th, E.S.C.A. Herb., 176! Basan st Div.; near the source

4 Ul, 3906!

EasteRN Re@ion: Natal; Durban, Rehmann, 8580! Gerrard, 738

Differs from the other two species in the carpels, which are short, a con-

‘ssraoale ribbed, or angled.

II. APONOGETON, Thunb.

Periunth of 1-3 equal or unequal segments, or 0. Stamens : 5-6

or more, With subulate filaments, persistent. Carpels 3-6, with 2 o

more ovules ; stigma on a short style, decurrent or persistent. Frut

of 3 or more hardeied follicles. foe erect; embryo straight.

Eason oe plants with tuberous rootstocks, in the early oie wae ae

; leaves either se or erect, variable in shape,

as te Fahne in one species?) ; scape with simple or bitid pouty spikes

a a Nl A tl

Fea ep a pe FT Pe

Aponogeton. | NAIADACE% (Bennett). 43

ot be, or distichous flowers; the young flower enclosed in a deciduous

Distris. Asia, Africa, - Australia.

ich ry a distinct lam

abe than ‘ha’ rire

Bate

es 1-3 in. long, Le? lin. broad... oad SER) rn,

Sens 4-8 in. long, $-24 in. broad ve ... (2) distachyo:

Leaves 5-9 lin. long, 1—2+ lin, a plan(S) peste

Bracts re lage or bina than the flow

Leaves oblong, subcordate or retary the base.

eaves 41-8 in in. long ; spikes 3-4 in. long... (4) H

Leaves 2}-5 in. long; spikes #-2 in. long... (5) xan:

Leaves ficGenichehil tapering at the haus, 23-51 in

ong ‘ (6) natalense.

Leaves oblong or _ oblong: lanceolate, usually

rounded at the base, 1}-1} in. long... ... (7) Rehmanni.

Leaves not or only slightly ila into a lamina :

Leaves linear or subulat: : aes ... (8) spathaceum.

Leaves filiform or ea(aliaéy ibe .. (9) erinifolium.

1. A. angustifolium (Ait. Hort. Kew. i < 498) leaves linear-

lanceolate, submerged, SpaD variable in “Jength and breathes

nervules indistinct ; spike few-flowered ; flowers pale

bracts white ; sepals ieee ; stamens 6; follicles amaaih

attenuated into a beak 1 the length of the ovary. Bot. Mag. t. 1268;

ri Jahrb, viii, 272; Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v.

oe AFRICA: without locality, pig ae ie rg!

ast Region: Cape Div.; Riet Valley on Cape Flats, Krauss! Pas

Point near Cape Town, Bhiresy ! Paarl Div. ; ; Berg River, near Paarl, Dré

A. distachyon (Linn. f. Supp. 215) ; stem base tuberous ; leaves

laneeolate-ovate, longly-petiolatz ; floating leaves obovate, ovate or

variable (much like Potamogeton natans) ; spike bifid, dense-flowered,

each 1-2 in. long; peduncle stout, thickening upwards ; flowers

white ; ; sepals lanceolate-ovate ; stamens Thunb. Nov. Gen.7 4;

Andr, Bot t. Rep. v. t. 290; ‘Bot. Mag. t. 1298 ; a Jahrb. viii.

272 ; Durand and Schinz, Conspect t. Fl. Afr. v

Sour Arrica: without locality, Thunberg ! see Be klon !

Coast Cape Div.; ponds near Cape Town, iDeschell, 670!

yuberg, Drége! Cape Flats, Krauss, 1605! Raaien, 1872! Paarl Div. ;

streams near Paarl, Thunberg, Berg River, Drége! George Div.; near George,

Rogers! Hum ansdorp Div, ; Kromme River, Burchell, 4883! Vit tenhage Div.,

Beckton and Zeyher, 107!

3. A. gracilis (Schinz in Durand and Schinz, Conspeet. Fl. Afr. v.

492, hae only) ; leaves floating, linear-oval or elliptical, acute or

obtuse at the base, 5-10 lin. long, 1-2} lin. wide; petiole in.

long, filiform ; ake 2-4 lin. long ; 5 flowers small; carpels 3; seeds

oblong, ecostate

KALAHARI icons Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmana, 5761!

- This Species mbles 4. Rehmanni, Oliv., but is much more —_ and

has 3 instead of t 8-9 ¢ ‘rade, la m indebted to Dr.. Hans Schinz for the

diagnosis of this species

mM é

44 NAIADACEH (Bennett). [ Aponogeton.

4. A. Holubii (Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1470); leaves oblong-

elliptical, 43-6 in. x 2-3 in., apex shortly semiobtuse, base rounded,

cordate, with lengated petioles, 7 pits veining obscure;

as get thick, tapering upwards ; spike bifid, 2131 in. long, dense-

flowered, hermaphrodite ; bracts 2, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse ;

the ovary. Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 492

SoutH Arrica: without locality, Mrs. O. Bowker! Herb. Brit. Mus.

Also in Tropical Bechuanaland.

5. A. kraussianum (Hochst. ex Krauss in vor 1845, 343) ; leaves

longly-petioled, floating, oblong elliptical, 7-9-nerved ; medium nerve

3-cleft, acute, base subcordate ; peduncles tote tapering upwards;

apie bifid ; arms short, *-12 in., dense-flowered; flowers white ;

stamens generally 6; anthers yellowish ; ovaries 3-5 (rarely 6)

follicles globose, with a thickened short beak. Krauss, Beitr. Fl

Cap. und Natal. 172. A. leptostachyum, E. Meyer ex vie

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 158 (name only); Engl. ger viii. 270.

A, desertorum, Zeyher herb. ! ex Steud. Nomen. ed. 2,

Coast ReEeion: Uitenhage Div. ; stagnant pools at the foot of wise

ei yi Krauss, 1604! and without precise locality, Zeyher, 912! Bolus,

CenTRAL Region: Somerset Div., Bowker! Richmond Div.; between

Richmond and Brak Vallei River, 3000—4000 ft., Drége

6. A. natalense (Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1471a) ; leaves elon-

gated, linear-oval, acute; lamina often narrow; spike bifid, many- —

flowered ; male flowers 3—2 , bracteate, linear-oblong, obtuse, unequal,

or subequal ; ; stamens 6-7; ; an nthers broadly subr oe igh follicles —

often 3. Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v

Eastern Region: Natal; York, McKen, 10! between Kar Kloof and

Umgeni River, Rehmann, 7429 ! Liddesdale, Wood, 4250! and without

precise locality, Sutherland!

7. A. Rehmanni (Oliver in Hooks te Pl. t. 1471b) ; os oblong:

oval, subacute, 1-12 in. long, n. broad, subapiculat spike

bifid, lon ng, lense flow end; ens dieniote ; heii scott

ee cabaete follicles 8-9, oblong. Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v

Katanarit Reeion: Transvaal; Bosch Veld, between Kleinsmit and

Kameel Poort, Rehmann, 4835 !

8. A. spathaceum (Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. sub t. pas leaves :

very narrow, or elongate-subulate, obtuse, or dilated a linear

lanceolate lamina; spike bifid; arms short, oh ao fl

bracts 2, obovate-oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, pale lilac ; stones 6-8;

follicles 3-8. E. Meyer in Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Documente 137, as

only ; Engl. Jahrb. viii. 272 ; Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Afr. v. 493.

REE NAIADACEH (Bennett). 45

R. eum (Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6399); tubers hemispherical, about

the size es a hazel nut; stem subacute obtusely trigonous, or semite wi

rounded angles ; leaves erect, flexuose, 6-10 in. long, elongate-subulate ; scapes

usually shorter than the leaves exlindre; Np forked, with

flowers curved on the spadix, on e plants all female, on others he ermaphrodite,

rarely all male ; — 2, inreat, cp or ‘oblong ota, obscurely 3-nerved ;

stamens 6-8; ca s 3-8; vules about 4 ach carpel; fruit teipantian,

tumi

mid. A, s tees. var., @. Meyer in Finite <x. 21s £ qunceum, Herb.

Zeyher, teste Hooker f.

Coast Re@ion: Var. B, Uitenhage Div., Zeyher, 1734! British Kaffraria,

Cooper, 465!

ENTRAL REGION: er fai 4500 ft. Eta Colesberg Div.; “on the

dais mountain near the 3 Grave,” Burchell, 2688! Var. B, apna

Div. ; between the aa Baas and Klein Beaten Hoogte, 2000-2500 ft.

Es]

—

~-]

a ct

“h

is)

KALAHARI REGION: e y { Var. B,

Basutoland, Bowker! Transvaal ; se op at Trigards Fontein, Eehmann,

6692! wre ~— Laer a no Sanderson !

Easte REG Gri — d East ; peste near Kokstad, Lares 4206!

VareucA, ag Nii te wie: robe ear Baxoia, 2200 ft., Baur, 579! Natal;

Biggarsberg and Umeinyate "hives, 3000~—4000 ft., Sutherland ! Gohieak.

600 ft., Wood, 1611

9. A. estiifetinis (Lehm ex Steud. Nomen. ed. 2, i. 114,

only) ; “spike bifid ; bracts ric Nite , diaphanous ; nerves ‘bifid ; leaves

mostly capillary ; flowers 6-andr Dr, Pappe in Herod. Brit.

Pr Reeton: Cape Flats in tes 8 places, oe ! No specimen at

The leaves in this are shire oe slender for the genus, and the material is too

poor for a better description

III. POTAMOGETON, Linn.

Perianth-segments 4, green, valvate. Anthers 4, sessile, didymous.

Carpels 4 (many abortive), sessile, with one cell, and one ovule ;

ovules campylotropous. Stigma persistent, subsessile or decurrent,

altering much in position in ripening; drupelets small, variable in

shape and contour, coriaceous. Seed subreniform ; radicle ene

peduneles at the base in a membranous sate, sisdition eg

Species 60-70, a a

*With amy coriaceous lea

athe sheds stems snoaaentely stout ; submerged

peat few or none.

eaves eMente at t the base; stipules acute (1) natans.

Leaves not plicate at the base ; “akg obtuse. :

Leaves in aidag. A ~ pee nds .. (2) fiuitans.

ruit sry tapering _ the style (3) americanus.

Fruit dorsally subtrun t the top (4) Bichardii.

Bers ebecleds stems filiform ; vabane aed leaves ; :

(5) javanicus.

Fruit wal 1 keel ; stems moderately stout ; sub- ;

é leaves abundant... 0... sss ws,~—«((6)s lpinum.

46 NATADACE® (Bennett). | Potamogeton.

** Without oe leaves:

Leavy

s 2-12 lin. broad.

Leaves crisped, serrulate ; fruit ws (7) crispum

aves flat, entire ; fruit short-beaked .. . (8) lucens.

Teves Tes than 2 lin. b

s linear, grass- Tike, 5- tee ov flattened aos Friesii,

ph eaves linear, 3-veined ; : pusillum,

ae es filiform, with ines spas at the base

asa shea ... (11) pectinatum.

1. P. natans (Linn. Sp. Fi 6d. 'l, 136) ; stem stout, very rarely

branched ; submerged leaves 0 or reduced to blades ; floating leaves

jie petioled, from subrotund to lanceolate, cordate and plicate at the

base; stipules long and acute; pedu neles stout; spikes dense-

flowered drupelets ‘large, convex on the Datel margin, semicireular

n the dorsal, ete any raised bosses. Durand and Schinz,

Canes Fi. Afr. 494,

Ka ALAWAR Reeron : Transvaal; Yuckschyt River, sources of the Limpopo,

Nelson, 51

EAsTERN Sonar Natal; in a pool at Inyangwine, Wood, 3020!

Found in all temperate regions ; rare in the tropics,

. fluitans (Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. i. 72); stem stout; sub-

merged leaves gg scsi linear- lanceolate ; floating leaves ovens or

ovate-lanceolate, long-stalked, tapering at either end, not plicate ;

bl large, blunt ; arma stout ; spike dense-flowered ; no ripe

ruit seen on either African or European specimens. P. natans, var.

pins Chie, Adnot. Fl. Berol. 4.

Coast ReGion: Worcester ae ; Brand Vlei, Rehmann, 2415! Uniondale

Div.; Lange Kloof, Krauss, 1233

sateen REGION : areal; Hooge Veld at Bronkers Spruit, Rehman™

This is probably a hybrid between P. natans and P.

Widely distributed in Europe, Asia, North and Tropical renin

3. P. americanus (Cham. in Linnea, ii. 226) var. Thunbergii (A.

enn.) ; stem stout, rarely branched ; the submerged leaves trans-

lucent, elongate or linear-lanceolate ; floating leaves. variable, cblong-

lanceolate, elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, not plicate at the base;

stipules blunt, large; peduncles stout, slightly pls npwee

, y

central one acute. P. Thunbergii, Cham. in ee ii "991

natans, var. capensis, Durand and Schi nz, Conspec ect. Fl. Afr. v

P, natans, Thunb. Prod.32. P. capensis, Scheele in Herb. ‘Buchenat!

Coast ReGton: Cape Div.; Zeekoe River, Thunberg! Hartebeest Kraal,

Brak River, oa und and Maire! Paarl Div. ; ; Berg River, Drége! Worcester

Div. ; Verkeerde Vlei, Thunberg! Uite stapes Div., gf URE

EASTERN yr : Port Natal, apeanae

rand and Schinz have mistaken the meaning of Chamisso in heading the

ani ons as at p. 221 ‘* 8, capensis,’ ‘whieh was merely intended for a geographical

indication, not a botanical name.

The typical form of ids — is found in Europe, Asia (rare), North

Africa, and North Am

Potamogeton. | NAIADACEX (Bennett). 47

- P. Richardii (Solms in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Athiop. 194 and

292) ; ; stem stout ; submerged leaves few, finer in texture than the

last ; floating leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, not plicate at the

base ; stipules blunt, large ; peduncles stout, slightly swollen up-

wards ; spikes dense- flowered ; fruit large, 21 lin. long ; style long,

at first bent back, when ripe nearly central ; dorsal ridges 3, the tw

lateral with blunt, wavy, tooth-like margins, slightly convex on the

ventral margin, and indications of small bosses, but none of ee s

specimens are quite ripe. Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl, Afr. v

496. P. natans, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii, 354, non L

Katanart Reqion: Transvaal; Hooge Veld at Standarton, Reimann, 6801!

: ‘Sebiae in ibaa The fruit is described from Abyssinian specimens collected

y Schim

5. P. javanicus (Hassk. in Verh. Natuurk. Ver. Neder]. Ind. i. 26);

stem branehed, filiform; submerged leaves sessile, narrowly linear,

acute ; floating leaves lanceolate, long petioled ; lower stipules slightly

connate, the upper ones free, acuminate; peduncles slender; spikes

varying from 3-8 lin. long; fruit compressed, oblique-obovate ;

style straight with the ventral margin ; dorsal margin 3-carinate, an

strongly repand denticulate, ventral nearly straight, with a projection

in the centre tapering to either end, variable as to the teeth-like

projections on various parts of the fruit, wich 3 are strongest in the

Australian forms. P. tenuicaulis, F. Mueller, Frag. “Fl. Austr.

1.90, 244. P. p arvifolia, Buchenau in Bremen , Abhanal. vii. 32.

ag huillensis, Wieck n Herb. Kew. ; Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl, Afr. v. 495.

Kazancn ReEeIon: Transvaal; Nylstroom River, Nelson, 290!

N Reeton: Natal; Ur mtshati River, 3000-4000 ft., Wood, 4300! near

York, giorno 9062!

: Also in Tropical Africa, Australia, Malay Archipelago, India, North China, and

apan,

P. alpinum (Balbis, Mém. Acad. Tur. vii. 329); plant drying a

duil reddish colour; stem moderately stout, unbranched, or very

rarely branched ; submerged leaves very thin and translucent,

sessile, strap-shaped, elliptical, attenuated at the base and apex

fl oating leaves (not always present) obovate, elliptical-ovate or he

lanceolate, subcoria iacearisis ie a es large, not winged; peduneles

slender ; spike m any-flowere ense; fruit yellowish-red, oval-ovoid,

acuminate at the apex, Ags ao and sharply keeled on the dorsal

face, convex on the ventral. Misc. Bot.13. P.rufescens, Schrad. in

Cham. Adnot. Fl. Berol. 5

Sours Arrica; Brak River, Berlin Herbarium!

Also in Europe, Asia, and America.

7. 2 et rispum (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 126); stem compressed, slender,

branched ; leaves all similar, sessile, semiamplexicaul, strap-shaped

oblong, or oblong, variously andulate, and strongly serrate at the

48 NAIADACEH (Bennett). —— [ Potamogeton.

apex, less so on the margins; stipules small, subobtuse, lower soon

decaying ; peduncles between the forks of the stem, rather stout, and —

tapering towards the apex; spike large, lax-flowered ; fruit large,

acuminate and compressed, obliquely-ovoid; beak very long an

7 Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 493.

HARI ReEGion: Griqualand West; Modder River, Barber, 4! Vaal —

River, Weleus 0!

EASTERN pre Natal ; or Wood, 154! Little Umhlaaga, Sanderson,

2018! Umgeni Valley, Kra |

Widely dispersed in various ae of the earth. oy

8. P. lucens — Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 126) var. fluitans Sis and

Germ. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 1, 571) ; stem stout, branched ; leaves all —

pihuiskgea 1), ‘the over ones sometimes 10 in. long, lan pete or

lanceolate-linear, acuminate, the lowest cess the pedicels gradually —

ngthen until t come 1-11i ; upper leaves lanceolate,

the aaa slightly keeled. ngifolium, Gay in Poir. Eneyc. —

Suppl. iv. 535. P. macroph itt Wolfg. in jane et Schultes,

Syst. Mond, iii. 358. a

Coast REGION: Uitenhage Div., Ecklon and Zeyher, 640! Zey

Katanari Reeion: Transvaal; Schoon Spruit, near a Me Nelson, e

Eastern Recion: Natal; Mid Illovo, Wood, 1889! Umbhlongwe, Wood,

3015! a “iii Mathibis Kom, 500 ft. , MacOwan and Bolus, Herb. Norms

Aust. Afr., 1 q

FE. ee is ae distributed in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, rare in j

Austra! a

The \ eo fluitans also et ents in Tropical Africa and Europe, and rarely is

. America, and Australia. a

ia, F

The Bo uth African s iiatas probably belong to a new sub-species of P. lucens ab a

e givem |

Linn., but for the present it is best to retain them under the name above

to wile’ vey they bear the greatest affinity of any named for

riesii (Ruprecht, Beitr. Pfl. Russland. iv. ws

slender, ee — branched ; leaves all similar, lin

towards the base, in , 5- very rarely 3- OF

raises porta with faseicles of smaller leaves in the aXl$i_

stipules acute or acuminate, scarious ; peduncles slightly thickened

upwards ; spikes few-flowered, generally interrupted ; fruit s™

usillus. P. :

Mert. et Koch). P. Oederi, Meyer, Fl. Hann. Excurs. 536.

Coast REGION: Cope Div. ; Zout River, Kochmanns Kloof, Bergius! K'0

Piiauatorn Div.; Buffalo. egett “near King Williamstown, «Leigh

Queenstown Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., 1 ‘

neonate ReGion: Natal; cata penis Umzinto and fafa, ers

3055! Umlazi River, Drége, 4458! ;

ADaP TS erates:

apex ; petsnilen variable, short or long, equal ; spi

Potamogeton. | NAIADACE® (Bennett). 49

Also in Europe, Asia (very rare), and N. America

Very rarely this produces spathulate upper leaves.

ou; F. siggrone yore Sp. Plant. ed. i. 127); stem slender, sohneieh

branched; leaves all similar, sessile, semiamplexicaul, narrow]

Sox ania: acute, or subacute, 1—3-nerved, and mostly Withibtt

fascicles of leaves in the axils ; stipules small, acute or subacute ;

aa slender, ie ie in length ; spike few-flowered, 4-1} in,

and slightly convex on the ee oo without teeth. Dura

and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. ae

Coast Region: Cape Div. ; ponds near Cape Lown, Burchell, 669! vai iow

between Tyger Berg and Blue Berg, Drege, 1206! Swellendam Div.;

i 3!

ry 17:

Katanart Reaion: Transvaal; Apies Poort, near Pretoria, Rehmann, 4024!

Eastern Region: Natal; Umzinyate River, Wood, 94! Umbhlasine River,

Wood, 962!

Also in Tropical and North save Europe, Asia, and Am

As with the last, this very rarely produces = ae ‘leaves, in which

state it has hick called P. panor mitobies by Biv

11, P. pectinatum (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 1, 127); stem cylindrical,

or subcompressed, repeatedly branched ; leaves all similar, the upper

sometimes SPREGONS, 1-nerved, low er long linear with 3-5 nerves ;

rupted ; upper flowers generally approximate ;

green, obliquely obovate, slightly compressed, 3-keeled on the dorsal

t ( but variable), slightly convex,

Durand “and Schinz,

Conspect. Fi. “ vi 496: PP. marinum, L. 4 ex Krauss in Flora,

Ast Reaion : Bredasdorp Div.; Zoetendals Vlei, ee ! Uitenhage Div. ;

Zao River, Zeyher, 4328! Ecklon and Zeyher

pane ARI Reeion: Transvaal; Schoon Spr uit,

Wide dispersed in all parts of the earth.

near - Klerksdorp, Nelson,

IV. RUPPIA, Linn.

Perianth none. Stamens 2; anthers 2-celled. Carpels 4—1-ovuled ;

i ds sessile. Fruit of 4 long-stalked, ovoid, or obliqu ne-ovoid

hes on a common peduncle. “Seeds uncinate ; ; radicle large.

leaves elongate, nro ho 9

erged slender brackish-water plants 0 BF

Sub ;

sputter ets small, usually 2 together a within the leaf-shea

h duncle which mostl y isn and becomes seainle or meal

twist ted

DisrRiB. Temperate and tropical regions. Species 1 or more ? or many sub.

Species P : "

VOL. VII.

Mo. Bot.Garden

ao. NAIADACEZ (Bennett). [ Ruppia.

1. R. spiralis (Dum. Fl. Belg. 164) ; sheaths a peduncles

spirally coiled ; drupes nearly strai ight. RB. maritima var. spiralis,

Aschers. in Aschers. and Schweinf. Ill. Flor. Egy mie 144 ; Durand

and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. 497.

Coast ogg tidy ie ape Div. ; shallow pools in the vicinity of Green Point, near

Cape Town, Harv

Also in Egypt ue along the coasts of Europe.

V. ZANNICHELLIA, Linn.

Male flowers : Anther 2—4-celled, with a slender filament. Female

flower in a membranous perianth. Carypels variable; style long or

short ; stigma ea) erenate. Fruit of 4, rarely less or more, long,

incurved achenes. pendulous, cotyledonary end folded on itself.

Slender submerged fresh, brackish, or salt water plants; leaves mostly opposite,

linear or capillary, with stipular sheaths ; flowers small, in pairs, or solitary, in @

membranous peria fonts

Distris. Temperate and tropical regions. Species 4-5?

Z. palustris (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 1, 969) ; fruits subsessile, or

sessile ; beak about half as long as the rest of the fruit. Z. stylaris,

Presl, Bot. Fare 112.

SoutH AFRIcA: without locality, Harvey, 481

ignore — 1oN: Little Namaqualand; near the mouth of the Orange River,

Dregs

ee Region: Griqualand West; Hay Div., Ongeluk, Burchell, 2648!

Orang: Pies State; Kanon Fontein, Rehmann, 3558!

Sub-sp. pedicellata got van erage a fruits hg the common oo

ind pedicels piengeted: and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 498. 4:

paddectlate: Fr. Novi See iy mets Se, Engl. Bot. ix. 87. §

oe Region : Natal, according to Durand and Schinz. No specimen at

VI. ZOSTERA, Linn.

Male flowers of single sessile anthers. Female ae of a solitary

L-ovuled bare el; style persistent; stigmas 2. Fruit membranous.

Umbryo gr

pee mer; ce ~~ plants, with dark ribbon-like leaves ; rootstocks m atted,

eeping ; mpressed ; leaves eager 4 ty 28 linear ; stipules combining

with the sheathing leaf. base; flowers nthers and carpels 0

surface of a ar spadix, par ina loaf-lik. soo ie.

DISTRIB. pear of Europe, Asia, and aka

Spadix without clasping bands; nuts striate... ... (1) marina.

Spadix with clasping bands ; nuts smooth bee -» (2) nana.

. Z. marina (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii Pasa var. a

Gieme, YL. Dan. t. 1501) ; leaves 1—1 in. broad, 1—3-nerv

as A¥RicaA: without locality or pee Ss hame, in Kew eiciaia’

he type has leaves 4-3 in. broad and Oo ed, and is found on the coasts of

North Africa, Europe, America, and Asia

Zostera. | NAIADACEH (Bennett), 51

2. Z. nana (Roth, Enum. Pl. Germ. 8); leaves narrowly linear,

1-3-nerved ; peduncle of spathe filiform ; spadix strap-shaped oblong,

with small inflexed bands; fruit shorter than in Z. marina, and

nearly smooth. Z. minor, Nolte ex Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. 2.

4. pumila, Le Gall, Congr. Sc. Fr. xvi. i. 144. Z. marina, L. var.

minor, Mert. ex Krauss, in Flora, 1845, 344.

_ Eastern Region: Natal Bay, Krauss, 70!

a Also found on the coasts of Europe, N. Africa, and in the Caspian and Black

eas.

VII. NAIAS, Linn.

Male flower solitary. Anther 1-4-celled in 2 sheaths or tubes.

Female flower: Perianth 0, or membranous and adherent. Carpel 1;

stigmas 2-4, slender; ovule erect. Achene oblong with an erect

seed, having a straight embryo.

_ Submerged plants with branched, filiform stems, smooth or muricate; leaves

linear, entire, or toothed, alternate, opposite, or whorled ; flowers dicecious or

moncecious, axillary and small.

DistR1n. Temperate and tropical regions.

ih. interrupta (R. Schum. in Engl. PA. Ost-Afr. C. 94); stem

slender :

ider ; internodes elongated ; leaves short; basal auricle truncate,

entire ; blade sparingly serrated with minute teeth; female flower

with 2-3 stigmas ; fruit fusiform, dull yellow.

Katanari Region: Transvaal, McLea in Herb. Bolus, 6288!

Plant with much the habit of ¥. tenuifolia, R. Br.

Orpexr CXLVIII. ERIOCAULEZ.

(By N. E. Brown.)

" submembranous sepals, often ciliate and more

ack near the apex, very rarely wanting.

: al ac

without a gland on their inner face, often ciliate or hairy.

equal in number to the petals and inserted on them at or above their

i one

filiform or slightly flattened, free ; anthers

oblong or subquadrate, 1-2-celled, opening longitudinally. Stam

te the female flowers rare, when present minute. Pisfil in the male

ne rey rudimentary, reduced to 2-3 minute glands. Ovary of

‘the female flowers superior, 2-3-celled ; style terminal, divided above

52 ERIOCAULEE (Brown).

into 3 simple or bifid, filiform branches, with or without 3 other

branches or appendages alternating with them or arising from the

style below them; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, ortho-

albumen opposite the eee

Perennial or annual herbs, growing in water, swamps, bogs, or on dry groun nd,

stemless 1% ey simple or branched leafy stems ; leaves linear 2 pac te, alternate,

arrange ense or lax rosette or scattered a along the stem; scapes one to

many, shits with a tubular peat at the base, one- or rarely several-headed ; heads

monecious or rarely with the sexes in se arate h ds ; outer or involu Iucral bracts

u a

r rigid; flowering bracts solitary under each flower, variable in form,

often ciliate or hairy . — apex, rarely absent ; receptacle flat, convex, subglobose,

or rang ge g one r villose; flowers usually very numerous, very fbr or

the

acy e males i ‘t e central part, or both sexes irregularly intermingled, rare

separated in distinct fails:

Distris. Genera 6. Species about 350. Found in all warm climates, most

numerous in Tropical America, very few in the ate ate r te ns.

Coe double the number of the petals, 4 or 6, or fewer by selenite in two

alternating series. Style-branches 3, without abibrating appendag

I. Eriocaulon.—Petals free, sometimes rudimentary, or rarely absent.

II. Mesanthemum. Tie + connate into a cylindric tube, but with free claws im

the female flower:

* Stamens in one series, equal in number to the io and, oe ite to thei.

Style- ae a 6, 3 of them stpinastones simple or bifid, others Beo'é

nating w hem er pasty g from the style liaise down, psi

usually Gore and s

III. Pepalanthus.—Petals of the male flowers connate into a minute funne

shaped tube, of the amar flowers free or connate into a tube at their middle ©

upper part, with free claw

I. ERIOCAULON, Linn.

Sepals 2-8, free, or in the male flowers variously connate, concave —

or boat-shaped, rounded or keeled on the back ; apex bearded, oot

ciliate or bearded. Sta n two series, double the number of the

seem or by abortion fewer; anthers 2-celled. Staminodes 0 the ’

fem owers none. Ovary = ae style-branches 3, simple, —

orm, without alternating appen ;

or Hh ne’ 8 ponte usually stemless pene eespitose, _ sp leaves all

vitieal, w — a Spi ‘or neha d leafy stem ~_— oe

Hee long pri the lee eg ds globose, nee ae or chighe: werlng

bracts oblon

or obovate, fattish or coneave. The other characters as for the 4

rder. a

Eriocaulon.] ERIOCAULE® (Brown), 58

Distris. That of the Order. Species about 150.

Flower-heads 1-14 lin. diam., dark fuscous ; bracts,

sepals, and petals glabrous; leaves subulate . (1) abyssinicum.

Flower-heads 2 lin. diam., dark fuscous ; bracts and

Lawn tea di ciliate; sepals aan: leaves linear-

(2) transvaalicum.

Plower-hends 8 lin, or more in di iam

es a toa tae fine acn si poin

long; flowe ie Jweill

spahulatenobo ate, dark fuscous; recep-

tacle villor ae (3) Bauri,

Leaves 11-33 ong; flowering ‘bracts oblong-

obovate, ae pm nish with an olive- ae

= = each side above the middle; re- ,

e villous (4) sonderianum.

ceptac

Leaves ia rook ring toa ‘very fine point, often

obtuse

Biekves 3- 10 i in. long, obtuse; sepals of the

female fi d

‘ an

keel, of t the male flowers caneate-obovate,

very obtuse, Ras keeled ; ape 8 more

or ng villou we (5) Dregei.

Lea }- of in. noone subobtuse ; sepals

vennded on the back, gibbous in the female

flowers, not kel 3 receptacle with ver ry :

minute tet i it (6) africanum.

Leaves 10-13 i Tae, subacute ; ‘sepa als of

oth sexes siaiiee , obovate, obtuse, a ze

and denticulate at the apex, not keeled ... (7) Woodii.

1. E. abyssinicum Laci in Flora, 1845, bid 8 leaves not

very numerous, 4-9 ong, is Jin. thiek, sv €, ac

glabrous; scapes s ly ‘to a plant, 7 84 in, long, filiform, obtusely

hagas I~11 her n dism., at first subglobose, poeta oblong,

monoecious, the sexes intermingled ; involucral - ets 3!

1 lin, broad, oblong, acute, thin, pallid, glabrous; flowering bracts

i lin. long, 2 lin, broad, ] anceolate, acute, cancave, “hist pte

or dark Tas cous; rec ceptacle conical or oblong, glabrous ;

flowers subsessile ; sepals 3, free, 1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute,

shaped, rounded on the back, fuscous, or dark olive-green, glabrous ;

ti i

filiform branches ; male flowers -seaupmegews sepals 3, all free, or two

or all of them more or less connate, 3 lin. long, :

oblong, acute, fuscous, quite glabrous, entirely wanting in some of

the central flowers ; stipes between the sep “6,

than half as ae as the Lome ; petals Ap rmpoms? ; stamens 4

mca Region ; Somerset Div. ; summit of Bosch Berg, MacOwan, 2104!

54 ERIOCAULER (Brown). [FP riocanlon,

Eastern Reaton: Natal; Griffins Hill near Eastcourt, Rehmann, 7297! and

euthoat jen locality, Gerr ‘ard 491!

Also in Tropical Africa.

2. E. transvaalicum (N. E. Brown) ; leaves 23-31 in. long, 2-2}

lin. broad, or larger? linear-ensiform, subacute, flat ; scapes several to

a plant, 43-6 in. long, 4 lin. thick, terete, striate, glabrous ; basal

glabrous ; flower — globose, 2—24 lin. diam., monceeious; invo-

lIucral bracts 3—]2 lin. long, about } lin. broad, oblong-obovate,

obtuse, glabrous, aie, olive ; flowering bracts 1-12 lin. long, } lin.

broad, obovate, acute, glabrous, sparingly ciliate with minute white

hairs, fuscous or dark olive-brown ; re ceptacle globose, villous

female flowers with glabrous pedicels about + lin. long; sepals 8

lin. Jong, lanceolate, acute, boat-shaped, acutely keeled on the he

quite glabrous, dark gies. brown, or fuscous; stipes between the

pei eats and petals exceedingly short ; petals 3, free, 2—% lin. long;

4 lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse ciliate with a few

very short hairs, and with a few longer hairs on their inner face,

branches; male flowers with glabrous pedicels 1—1 lin. long ;

3, all combined into a funnel-shaped tube split open on one side, and

shortly trifid at the apex, or one of them free, cuneate-oblong, obtuse,

quite glabrous, pale, fuseous, or olive-green; stipes between the

sepals and petals about 2 as long as the former ; ; petals rudimentary ;

stamens 6; anthers fuscous, or dark olive-gree

Kata I Re@ion: Transvaal; on the Bosch Vela at Buchenhouts Kloof

Spruit, Raisin, 4787!

. E. Bauri (N. E. Brown); leaves 3-12 in, long, 1-12 lin. broad

at the base, subulate, tapering toa fine point, flat on the face, very

hic

5-angled, striate in the dried state; basal sheath ae in. long,

2-lobed at the top; flower-heads subglobose, 3-81 lin. diam., mone-

cious ; lower flowers female, upper male ; involucral eer small,

searcely or very obtusely fen on the back, the apical part blackish-

green, or dark olive-green, with a tuft of white hairs; receptacle

villous, with fine hairs, half as long as the flowers; female flowers

subsessile, or very shortly pedicellate ; sepals 3, free, about 14 lin..

long, boat- shaped, acute, keeled, dark olive-green, with white ‘pairs

+ lin. broad, cuneate-linear, acute, ciliate at the apex, white, with a linear

black gland a little below the apex ; ovary trigonous, glabrous ; style

4 F

eee Ree ign EBS A nn EE On NS ten a ES te ee ee

Eriocaulon.] ERIOCAULEZ (Brown). 55

with 3 filiform branches ; male flowers with a short, stout pedicel ;

sepals 3, free or united into a 3-lobed tube, split open on one side,

<I lin. long, obovate, obtuse, or the lobes rounded, dark olive-

green, with a tuft of white hairs at the apex ; stipes between the

sepals and petals very long, 1% as long as the sepals ; petals un-

equal, {2 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, or narrowly obovate, obtuse,

ciliate at the apex, and sometimes hairy on the face, white, with a

linear black gland at the middle or a little above it ; Stamens 6;

anthers black.

Eastern Reaion : Tembuland ; Bazeia Mountain, 4000 ft., Baur, 622!

4. E. sonderianum (Kérnicke in Linnea, xxvii. 669) ; leaves 12-

in. long, 2-4 lin. broad at the base, whence they gradually taper to

a very fine acute point, concave down the face ; scapes 1-2 to a plant,

6-10 in. long, 1~2 lin. thick, striate in the dried state; basal sheath

om)

i=)

; involucral bracts about in. long, % lin,

broad, oblong-obovate, glabrous, whitish or pallid; flowering bracts

4-1 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, oblong-obovate, subacute, concave, obtusely

keeled on the back, pale brownish, with a fuscous or olive-green

spot on each side, a little above the middle ; apex densely bearded with

late ; sepals 3, free, 1 Jin. long, rhomboidal-laneeolate, boat-shaped,

acute, acutely keeled (not wing-keeled) on the back, pale olive-green,

with the apex and keel whitish; apex ciliate, and more or ess

bearded with white hairs; petals 3, free, about 1 lin. Jong, + iin.

broad, cuneate-oblong or cuneate-linear, obtuse, ciliate, and a little

hairy on the face at the apex, white, with a linear black gland a

little below the apex; ovary trigonons, glabrous; style with 3

filiform branches; male flowers shortly pedicellate ; sepals 2~% lin.

ong, 3~5 lin. broad, cuneate-obovate, concave, not at all keeled on

the back, obtuse or subacute, densely bearded with white hairs at

the apex, whitish, with an olive-green spot on each side, a little

helow the apex; petals 3, free, unequal, the dorsal or larger one

5~¢ lin. long, 1-2 Jin. broad, cuneate-obovate, obtuse or subacute,

White, rather thick, ciliate, and bearded with white hairs on the

inner face, and with a linear black gland a little above the middle ;

stamens 6; anthers black.

Katanarr Region: Transvaal ; Magalies Berg, northern slopes, 6000-7000 ft.,

Zeyher, 1731! Burke !

5. E. Dregei (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 341); leaves 3-10 in.

long, 13-4 lin. broad, linear, tapering to an obtuse point, glabrous ;

scapes 1-4 to a plant, 9-18 in. long, 3-1 lin. thick, suleate-striate,

glabrous ; basal sheath 3-61 in. long, obtusely bifid at the apex,

glabrous ; flower-heads globose, moneecious and 4-6 lin, diam., or

male and about 3 lin. diam.; involucral bracts 1}-2 lin. long,

a—l lin, broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, fuscous or pale brown ;

Hlowering bracts 11-13 lin. long, 3—} lin, broad, linear-oblong, obtuse

56 ERIOCAULE® (Brown). [ Eriocaulon.

or acute, concave, slightly and obtusely keeled on the back, pale

fuscous or olivaceous, darker and densely bearded with white ‘hairs

at the apex ; rece tacle convex or globose, flat in the male heads,

more or less villous; female flowers with short glabrous pedicels ;

sepals 11 lin. long, 2-2 lin. broad, and 3—% lin. deep from front to

back, lanceolate, boat-shaped as viewed from the front, falcate-

lanceolate or semicordate as viewed from the side, acute, with a

broad, acute, entire or toothed keel, dark fuscous or dark olive-green,

ciliate with long hairs on the margins, with a few white hairs at the

apex and sometimes some on the back; stipes between the sepals

and petals about 1 lin, long; petals 11-14 lin. long, 3-1 lin, broad,

oblanceolate, obtuse, rather thick, white, ciliate and hairy on the

ae face at the apex, and with a linear black gland a little below

; ovary trigonous, glabrous ; style with 3 filiform branches ; male

aa with glabrous pedicels a3 lin. long; sepals 3, all free or

variously connate, 3—1 ong, 4-1 lin. broad, cuneate-oblong ot

cuneate-obovate, obtuse, ne thin, not at all keeled on the back,

dark olive-green, densely bearded with white sn at the apex

stipes between the sepals and petals 3}~—1 lin. long; petals 3, free,

unequa!}, in some of the flowers well dev eloped Bae the dorsal or

larger one 2—11 lin. long, 1-1 lin. broad, euneate-oblong or narrowly

obovate, obtuse, thick, white, glandular, ciliate and hairy as in the

female flower ers, In others the petals are very small or rudimentary,

with a dense fringe of white hairs at their apex ; stamens 6 ; anthers

black. Steud. ‘Synops. Glum. ii. 272; Kérnicke in ’ Linnea,

XXVii. 672.

obi AFRICA: gee hey Beco 4101!

Bas Reeion: Natal mp at Clairmont, Wood, 1427: among

cea in the bed of ia Umbilo River. 1000 ft., Sanderson, 904!

Thi

leaves are neers longer, pe the aan of the fecnata flowers are neti)

semicordate at the base, and have a much broader, more distinctly tooth

keel than those of Droge’ s specimen. But I believe these differences are d0e

to luxuriance of growth, and are not of specific value, as the plants agree

all other points.

6. E. africanum (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 340) ; sev 4-22 in.

long, }~1} lin. broad, linear-subulate, subacute or hat obtuse

at the apex, concave down the face ; scapes 1-4 toa pees 218 in.

ts 4-1 lin. thick, rai “pigrais in the dried a i basal sheath

ma Ain invelucess peer 8 jh te pte) 12 lin. bead, elliptie ot

orbicular, obtuse, a glabrous ; ; flowering bracts 1-11 lin. long;

2-8 lin. broad, obovate, obtuse, or the inner ones annie: —

papilliform points — it; female flowers shortly pedicellate i

3, free, about % lin, long, boat-shaped, rounded on the bac

sepals

and somewhat gibbous, acute or subacute and incurved at the ape*; —

Rt ai

Dat ee at eae

Eriocaulon. | ERIOCAULE# (Brown). 57

blackish-green, ciliate and clothed on the back with white hairs:

more than 1 lin. long, 1-1 lin. broad, cuneate-obovate, obtuse, white,

ith an oblong or subquadrate black gland near the apex and ciliate

with white hairs ; ovary trigonous, glabrous ; style with 3 filiform

branches; male flowers with glabrous pedicels 34—1 lin. long

sepals 3, ‘about 2 $ lin. long, 3 lin. broad, cuneate-oblong, obtuse or

subtruneate, very concave, rounded on the _ back, blackish-green,

with white hairs at the tips; petals 1-8 lin. long,- 2 + Jin. broad,

obovate, obtuse, ciliate and hairy on the inner face at the apex,

white, with an oblong black gland a little below it; stamens 6;

anthers white. Steud. S) ynops. Glum. ii. 272 ; Kérnicke in Linnea,

XXVli. 649.

EASTERN REGION: Griqualand East; banks the Umzimkulu River,

near Ciydesdale and near Handcocks Drift, 2600 ft., Tyson, 1299! 2551!

pony a and Bolus He rb. Norm. Aust. Afr., 1203! Natal ; Umgeni River,

ear Pi ietermaritzburg, Krauss, 375!

7. E, Woodii (N. E. Brown); leaves 10-13 in. long, 14-22 lin.

broad, linear, tapering to an acute or subacute point, flat and flaceid,

glabrous ; scapes 1-5 toa plant, 1-14 ft. long, about 1 lin. thick, terete,

striate in the dried state, glabrous ; basal sheath about 4 in. long,

2—4-fid at the apex, glabrous ; heads about 32 lin. diam. , Moncecious,

hemispherical ; involucral bracts about 14 lin. long, 3] lin. broad,

elliptic, obtuse, whitish-brown, glabrous ; flowering bracts 1} lin.

long, 2 lin. broad, obovate, acute, thin, flattish with the apex

incurved, dark fuscous or blackish with a few, short, white hairs on

the back and margins ; female flowers shortly pedicellate ; sepals

2—3 lin. long, rather more than 4 lin. broad, obovate, obtuse or

subtruncate, apiculate, more or less irregularly denticulate, flattish

with white hai he back and margins; stipes between the

sepals and petals very short; petals 3, free, equal or unequal,

HE lin, one; a or narrowly aes white, igri

sepals 3, free or slightly connate at the base, like those of the fendi

flowers, but rather less denticulate at the apex, and more densely

ciliate and hairy on the back; stipes between the sepals and pe

very short, or half as long as the sepals ; petals like those of the

female fowites but much atialter j stamens 6, or by abortion fewer ;

anthers white.

erikcctad Region : Natal; ina — near Murchison, Wood, 3053!

us. no

ment, but the remarkably A sisted Mapes genes nel ahiibguieh this

from all other South Africa:

58 ERIOCAULES (Brown).

Il. MESANTHEMOM, Karnicke.

branches simple and filiform, or more or less enlarged and ramified

near their apex, without alternating appendages.

Marsh herbs, stemless, or with a more or less elongating and rooting stem;

leaves broadly linear, in a dense tult; scapes one-headed, longer than

leaves; heads monescious, with a campanulate involuere, flat-topped or,

perhaps, at length convex or hemispherical; flowering bracts with a

capillary stalk and a clavate head. Other characters as for the Order.

ISTRI Species 3, natives of Tropical Africa and Madagascar, one

extending within the limits of the South African Flora

1. M. radicans (Kérnicke in Linnea, xxvii. 573); leaves 12-16

in. long, 1-2 in. broad, linear, tapering to an obtuse point, softly

pubescent on both sides; scapes 1-21 ft. long scarcely 1 lin. thick,

terete, striate, pubescent ; basal sheaths 8—9 in. long, softly pubescent ;

apex obliquely produced into a point about 12 in. long; heads abou

pubescent, the inner ones a little longer and more pointed than the

free claws, hairy on the outside just above the claws, ciliate at the

slightly trifid apex, whitish with 3 linear brownish glands near the

top of the tube within ; ovary acutely triquetrous, glabrous ; style

long with 3 filiform branches, or the branches more or less enlarg

and ramified near their apex ; male flowers with pedicels 1 lin. long,

Ve 3

3 lin, broad, longer than the corolla, oblong, obtuse or subtruncate,

and shortly ciliate at the apex, hyaline, whitish ; stipes between the

calyx and corolla about + lin. long; corolla * lin

Hook, Niger Fl. 547 ; Steud. Synops. Glum. ii, 27 3. E. giganteum,

j 73. E. guineense, Steud.

Western Region : South of the Tropic, Curror !

ERIOCAULE® (Brown). 59

Ill. PAXPALANTHUS, Mart.

als 2-3, free, or rarely more or = pee Petals 2-3; those

of the temale flowers free, or connate a middle or upper part,

with free claws ; those of the male pe ae nto a campanulate

or funnel- shaped tube, subtruncate or agin (rarely deeply) bifid or

trifid at the apex. Stamens 2 or 3, of the same number as the petals

and opposite to them, free or adhering to tie corolla-tube. Ovary

2-3-celled ; style divided above into 2 3, simple or bifid, filiform

stigmatose " branches, with 2-3 other branches : appendages alter-

nating with them, or arising from the style below

rsh, bog, aquatic, or terrestrial perennial or annual bane stemless, or with

ia or branched leat y stones oO linear or subulat sete sually one-

eaded, rarely several- tien de, in W species shorter dieh, ‘the leaves; floweri ng-

bracts ‘lets or obovate, flattis “e or concave. Other characters as ‘he ‘dis Order.

Distris. Species wiskewdee pend hoe 300, of éhtear 3-4 are Tropical and South

African, the rest Tropical Ameri

7 Wahlbergii (Kornicke in Fl. Bras. iii. pt. i. 459) ; leaves

- lin. long, 2 lin. thick at the base, subulate, very ce flat on the

face, convex on the back, glabrous, in dense tufted rosettes }—1 in.

diam. : scapes several to a plant, 21~7 in. joe filiform, trigonous,

often Scataadel in the dried state, glabrous ; basal sheath 4—9 lin. long,

oblique, with a short acute point ‘at the apex, glabrous ; flower-heads

2-22) lin. in diam. peel tae cab moncecious, the sexes intermingled

outer involueral bracts about 2 ong, the inner 1-1} ong, +—

lin. broad, oblong or BR pe obtuse or itasatn. ee boars

or fuscous ; ; floral bracts none ; receptacle convex, villous; flowers of

both sexes with pedicels + lin. long wit long airs on their basal

part ; sepals of both sexes ‘subsimilar, free, 3 lin. long, enlarging in

fruit, laneeolate, boat-shaped, acute, keeled, clabrous, “ciliate on the

connate above into a short tube, erenulate or shortly 3-lobed at the

‘apex, rather more than 2 lin. long, hairy outside, white, without glands;

| Ovary triquetrous, glabrous : style with 6 filiform branches, three.6

them ending in globose knobs ; corolla of male fiower a minute

—— haped tube, irregular at the mouth ; stamens 2-3, anthers

__ Katanarr Reecron: Transvaal ; Magalies Berg, southern slopes, Zeyher, 1730!

tok, 74! in a bog near the Nylstroom River, Nelson, 294!

OrpEr CXLIX. RESTIACEZ.

(By M. T, Masters.)

q Flowers dicecious, unisexual. Perianth superior, glumaceous,

_ hexamerous, in two rows ; segments all similar, or the outer three

_ different from the inner, outer Fate segments generally eondupli-

60 RESTIACER (Masters).

cate, more or less keeled, intermediate anterior segment flat, inner

segments usually free, sometimes concrescent at the base. Stamens

3, opposite to the inner perianth-segments ; filaments very slender ;

terior and one of the lateral cells become obsolete ; styles 1-2-3 free at

the base, or more or less united, linear, with stigmatic plumose surface

on the inner side. Ovule solitary, pendulous “from the u upper angle

of each cell. Fruit capsular, 2~3-celled, or by abortion 1-eelled,

dehiscing by a longitudinal cleft in each cell, or nutlike, indehiscent,

l-celled. Seed solitary, pendulous; testa hard or membranous,

smooth, or marked with ridges and tubercles ; perisperm abundant,

fleshy or floury. Ae bryo antitropous, lenticula ar, in a cavit

opposite the hilum ; micropyle and radicle inferior.

Perennial, send annual, rush- or sedge-like herbs, with tufted or creeping root-

stock densely covered with coriaceous sheat increasing in size upwards; stems

erect, or putalakts: solid or eis lar with, or rarely without, leaf-sheaths, simple or

anched ; ee the m imes pro-

longed at the apex py a indies straight or curved leaf; oe simple, or

generally cymose, much or little branched, haw in Piatt exes, or different in the

female ; spikelets solitary or generally numerous, each with a 8 eath-

like spathe at the a — similar pal at the: base of the branches in the

erg inflorescen acts overlapping or oe spreading, all ee hae uF

some barren, per Sakae than the flower. The flowers are wind-fertilized.

is native S Svc countries. Two species have bee trae in Natal, ing ee

without flowers have been received from Sir H. Johnston from BMlanji, in 8. E

pata val pe tg anak they were obtained at a height of 7000 ft

The diccious character of these aan hoor the ho that the Penge of the

individuals of one sex often differs rably from that of the other, Soe?

iseri iff

t peer in come cases

in matching the sexes. In many instances, moreover, bing on

is kno

the material is insufficient meet an adequate descriptio The ‘artificial keys 40

the genera, and especially to the species, ough the ative be considered as more 0 —

i means to be reli ;

ess aoe: “The descri :

leaf- pers are grins from those in the middle of the stem or branches, not

base 0: r apex, unless pingeriacaes stated. In the same way the bracts |

ral

beac ibe frown the m

Ia ted to che courtesy of Dr. W. Brehmer, of Lubeck, for the rie

pa ec the entire set of Drage’s — which were lent to Kew for

of making this work more complete.

Tribe 1. RESTIOIDEH. Ovary 3-, 2-, or by abortion 1.celled, Fruit

dehiscent

nn eeeememrmaratennmimememiceicic _ -<enaataAemanenam reemattinn eee TCO LL AO LI A

a a 3

RESTIACEH (Masters). 61

I. Res io.— Inflorescence spicate or panicled. Male flowers dah outer

ater eae -segments condu a carinate. Leaf-sheath pers

If. Askidiosperma.—Jnjlorescen e densely 8 spicate; bracts seta so atures

ss Aatiihigs cate lanceolate, pater Leaf-sheaths deciduo

III. Dovea.—Male spikelets very numerous, panicled; female pikstite fewer.

Male flowers a inner perianth-segments foaigaase ovary 3-celled. Leaf-

sheaths deciduo

Tribe 2. WILLDENOVIE. "Ovary paint l-celled. Fruit indehiscent.

IV. Elegia.— Male nr Pg spikelets — mostly closely panicled ;

Be ere usually deciduous. Flowers 3-sided ner wiorlai icasgriseds longest.

Fruit 3-sided. Stig gmas pis Leaf-sheaths neni deciduous,

Vv a1 aulos. — Spikelets numerous, panicled, Flowers co

mpro

ree, iedareec ee Ree ond 2. Fruit compressed, re fg outs

n-b

VI. Leptocarpus.—Male Je peng spikelets panicled. Flowers compressed ;

outer perianth-segments longest; style short. Stigmas 3. Fruits 3-cornered.

Leaf- — persistent.

WER mnochortus.—Male seni numerous, panicled, Female spikelets

fewer, poe cymose, many-flowered. Flowers apie i outer lateral

perianth-segments deeply w atl ig “Fruit compressed, ses

VIII. Hypolena.—Male spikiliese panicled, Female bee, or spicately

cymose, 1-flow wers on a slender stalk, ie sessile ; perianth-

segments subequal — sessile.

ig Pg male spikelets similar, solitary, or spicately

d female

male @ mers solitary, on a thick, fleshy stalk. Ovary sessile, or

stalked, 1- phen Fruit smooth or tubercled, generally raised on a fleshy-

r stalk.

a srs mois. Spikelets dissimilar. numerous, paniculate-cymose.

pion ag jlowers Hae solitary or spicate. give 2. Fruit oblong, compressed ,

si]

XI. Willden ovia.— Male and female spikelets very dissimilar. Males —

paniculate, cymose; bracts loose. Female solitary, or two. Female flowe

solitary. Frwit raised on a fleshy sta

XII, he ge dm ag e and female injlorescence epi Male ae

numerous, thyrs Female spikelets 2~3, spicate, each 1-flowere

pert a pirtie birs aed acute. Female hyaline, meteor] Styles 2. Fruit

ssil

BIFUL GEN

XIII. Anthochortus, Nees on plant only tceten

1, ee Linn.

usually shorter, equal, ‘flat, membranous. laments 3, i taunt the

emale flower: Perianth as in the male. Staminodes 3, or none.

Ovary 2- or 3-celled; styles 2 or 3, united at the base, or free,

sie solitary, pendulous, Fruit capsular, 2- or 3-celled, or by

abortion l-celled. Seed 1 in each cell.

fies al herbs throwing up stems from a tufted or sel? Leela covered

at the base with sheathing leaves; stems terete, compressed, 0: sided, with

remote rence leat-sheath usually more or less m oa “sometimes

rolo into a linear, blunt leaf; male and female inflorescence similar, or

dissimilar, inane spikes sak, or spikelets numerous, in spicate or panicled

62 | RESTIACEA (Masters). [ Restio.

cymes, each spikelet with a sheath or x at the base; bracts in many rows,

eee or ultimately patent, all, or only some, fertile.

South-Western Africa approximately the same number in

sath ‘Wester Australia; the seein etre in all cases different,

Di Styles two, concrescent, rarely ie at the bas

Biber tess te pistillodes absent from the female and male flowers suasiouktiety:

* Female spikelets usually many-flowered :

Leaf-sheaths loosely euncvaliite, Open or spread-

ing at the tips:

ale apikiboda usually in dense heads or

clusters ; female spikelets few or clustered :

Bracts ay not awned --» (1) paucifiorus.

Bracts a

Visets. siunc: lanceolate, acumi-

nate ; awn spreading .. (2) cuspidatus.

chore Lowe eg oblong, subulate.

te ... (3) fraternus.

Spade Retaas. aristate ; —

oblo’ on Beas ate, aristate awn

shor traight (4) ocreatus.

Male Pets 39, in loose spikes or ‘panicles :

s short, acuminate-aristate e; mu-

3 geen if at all, projecting be-

ond the bract -.. (5) ferruginosus.

Synth geeget bracts shortly mucro-

te; spike lets nearly half an inch

long, awne (6) elatus.

Spikelets — short, straight 5 3 ; spathes

acuminate ; bra .. (7) gaudichaudianus.

Male “ete 1-2, Hi mor

Bra curved, ae open ; spikelets

oblon g, seats (8) arcuatus.

a nehes = strai verticillate ; male

pikelets linia b +» (9) subverticillatus.

uy Leatesheaths, € except at nny “rpibalbids

osely convolute, appressed at the tips:

Male spikelets sad or twin... .. (10) laniger.

Male spikelets num

ale spi

ike lets subcapitate elon-

te, stra (11) distractus.

open “spikelet S panicled, “curved,

3 Spathes aristate . (12) venustulus.

Woolly ieosdes "hee projecti "s beyond the

sheaths :

Male spikelets

Stem ps but ee filiform :

Spathe and bracts Ml mal

flower with revel woadeesed (13) squarrosus.

Spathe of female Spikelet_m

cronate ; bracts acu anitente we (14) schenoides.

Stem filiform

Pedicel ide than eR (15) oblongus.

Pedicel longer than pike-

let; awn of Pe th long (16) crinalis.

Male spikelets numerous, small, densely

clustered; female spikelets 1- 2;

bracts long awned ie . (17) setiger.

sey spikelets numerous, loosel y spicate,

or panicled ; female spikelets few ;

Re i ef er Res Soe

Restio. | RESTIACE® (Masters).

Spikelets unlike ; = linear ;

female Ryerss foa

Male spi ikelets i - Tow cymes

pe also R. setiger) :

Male spi ets straight :

i and bracts

«. (18) vilis.

Male spikelets curved :

Bra Sanath mu-

aa intermedius.

Spathes aristate

mucronate.. * (20) Sieberi.

Male and Pe gree ali ike,

cylindrical :

Bracts ecm d mucronate ;

female

Bracts

. (21) trifiorus.

a ‘ite Giuleibdas i

sips solitary

female (22) Helene.

gene —_— in spreading or com act

“Ter Merkel te a shorter

tha

Spikelets Doak: spathes aris-

; bracts subulate-mucro-

... (23) pycnostachyus.

Spikelets’ loo: sely pan icle

Leakage ilatatas ane pei

la . (24) subfaleatus.

naad ied ian -segments as Jong. as

and bracts ee Sp Neesii.

numero

ne tro

Male ea female spikelets

in loose panicled or spicate cymes:

Sp a half the length of the

kelet :

spikelets — narrow,

— hes Setatns

bi racts m . (26) Ecklonii.

Spikeletsshort hina, curv ved ;

and bracts shortly

se eri . (27) Wallichii,

Se large; spathes

with me recurved

. (28) hystrix.

Spates ‘nearly as lo ong as the

elet ; awns not recurved (29) macer.

ne Laken -vsaaly few-flow ered (see also

dichaudianus end R seircnntien):

Perianth of fem a slower shakin be ..» (30) rottbeelloides.

Perianth of six se

Male and nals gar © $ numerous

x of leaf-sheath prolonged into a

.. (31) graminifolius.

kook of lenf-sheath not lea fy :

2, free to the base; stems

orm :

ane and bracts membra

ous, lanceolate, Page ~ (32) leptostachyus.

Spates and bracts oblong,

nocronae-arisa Pa

aceous .. (33) depauperatus,

RESTIACE® (Masters).

Styles 2, cea at the bas

B es bio tigt deinbihawien

regents ; female

solita

Male spikelets numerous 5 female spike soli-

nnches

f six exon

slender, much curved

Branches soined or siceinht, or

near.

and bracts fare

Br i tty smereeete, fasciculate, o

subverticilla te:

Per ee arr obtuse

Perianth-se eee acute

a of fares

Branches ples i <toeg

[R estio.

(34) curviramis.

(35) monanthos.

. (36) capillaris.

. (37) cineinnatus.

(38) Ludwigii.

ce leptoclados.

) Eleocharis.

. (AL) tenuissimus.

n 2, TRICARPIA.—Styles 3, free to the base; staminodes strap-shaped ;

Secti

oistiliede with three rudimentary styles.

* Male wire Ac yen a numerous, in spicate or

led ¢ hee

heath ucronate, ~~

Spathes as long as the pikel eee

— shorter than the spikelets: :

Female flowers with a

Female flowers with no a

Spikelets several, pear- shaped suiomm

bracts obtuse, white

Spikelets several, “ovoid. lanceolate or

cylindric-oblo

Bracts sag apiculate, with a dark

bro wn border

Bracts

famed: perianth - segments con-

Spathe half as long as the spike-

et, distinctly mucronate ;

ne a ss lanceolate,

nate

Inner rnrhons, Sorat nts fr

Spathes

wien rR tee” ovoid-oblong ; stem

vee

Spikelets numerous, flattened, in dense

panicles

— widely se parate, _minate, ts)

stalks; stem =

Male a female spikelets eco es

in linear cym

. (42) tetragonus.

. (43) quinquefarius.

(44) dispar.

.. (47) preacutus.

. (46) bifurcus.

.. (45) furcatus.

. (48) triticeus.

(49) pannosus.

. (50) multiflorus.

(51) filiformis.

.. (52) festuciformis.

(53) subtilis.

.. (54) subulatus.

Restio.] RESTIACER (Masters).

icy Pc temale spikelets few in number, alike

a ete tr sare on beni? mature spike-

lets ast $ in ong ;

Spikelets globose ;

# obovate-orbiculr ee .. (55) strobilifer.

ong a (56) pachystachyus,

Bre

Spikelets ne ret phen Arg ail lan-

(57) purpurascens.

Spikelets compressed, oblong eg a

subulz eae mucronate . (58) bifidus,

Stems sliform, ¥ very — ; “matare spike-.

lets sma Le —} in

Stem rect 5 pin straight, or

near

Spathe lanceolate, as long as the

rec obtuse compe bracts

aa miser.

Spathe ‘and bracts ; kee

of perianth- segient ek * (60) sonderianus.

Spathe, bracts, and perianth-seg-

me whe iE = mucronu-

late; keel glabro . (61) scien

—_ ‘eallnk: sande curved, en-

angled :

n Penida: segments _linear-oblong,

acute 62) implexus.

Perianth- -segments broadly. "oblong (63) pespese

Stems creeping ; branches erect, straight (64) Harveii

***Mule spikelets numerous, in panicled cymes;

male spikelets solitary or few:

pre and branches terete :

ikelets vagal

racts recurved (65) bifarius.

Bracts latent. ‘flat 5 keel gi

rous . (66) bigeminus,

Spikelets eylindrie, n not compressed :

Branches few

"Breese oblong, acuminate te egrogius

Bract nd - (68) obtusissimus.

Branches numerous, ascending :

i i lados.

Spikelets $ in. —s ae .. (69) saroc

Spikelets ¢ in. long . (70) Bhodocoma

Stems or branches see spikelets and

bracts flattened :

Sheaths subulate-mucronate :

ale spikelets 6-9 ... oie gee tr} caizachyus

ale spikelets 1-4 . ‘ ioe

Sheaths with a leafy mucro : ee a . (73) compressus,

Stems or branches 4-sided ; male and female

spikelets panicled ae . (74) quadratus.

filitorm ; bracts or quite

muticous ; spathe srstate, ealng the

- spike let .. (75) debilis.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

Stems s] slender, erect, much-branched ; sheaths close ;

perianth-se; -segments narrow; ovary 3-at yled... eee (76) seopula.

Stems very oes ; sheaths loose, black ; har pe m8

and ; female not not known . (77) ambigw

VOL. VII,

66 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [Restio.

Stems branched ; branches pearnict sheaths close ;

male spikelets numerous, nicled ; bracts oblong:

ovate ; female unknown . (78) sejunctus.

Stems branched ; iateucetbe as “convolute, pro-

longe ai org thick lea fy gp — spikelets

in 1, linear nite vary by a m 2-

Jobe . (79) protractus.

ms branching, slender ; sheaths close ; male le spike-

co panicled, oblong ; bracts oblong... . (80) patens.

1. R. pauciflorus (Poir. Encycl. vi. 168); stems cylindric,

slender, puberulous, branched ; ire slender, subflexuose, leafy ;

sheaths oval, membranous, acuminate; male spikelets clustered,

sessile or stalked, ovate, obtuse ; sail short ; bracts ovate obtuse;

anthers oblong obtuse. Kunth, Enum. iii. ‘412 ; Steud. Synops.

ii, 254; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 225; DC. Monog. Phan.

i. 235.

Sourn AFRICA: without locality, Poiret.

A species of which I have seen no specimen.

cuspidatus (Thunb. in Hoffm, Phytog. Blatter, i. 8) ;

e r

oe at the ends of the branches, each about i in.

soe eel or oblong-acute, straight or curved, with a short

x borat e spathe at the base; bracts oblong, acuminate, aristate ;

awn spreading ; flowers shorter than the bracts, ovate-lanceolate ;

$ in. long,

exceeding the ovate-lanceolate, pedicellate flowers; ovary oblong,

flattened, 2-celled ; style single dividing into two stigmatic branches ;

capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at the margins; seeds oblong-obtuse,

trigonous ; testa ’ white, thickly spotted with purple. Thunb. 1

Weber and Mohr, Archiv. i. 26; Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 87 ; Thunb.

Herb. partly, ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. xiv. 418 ; Mast. in

DC. Monog. Phan, i.-.233, Restio squarrosus, Spreng. Syst. oe i.

te not of 7 Phived Nees in Linnea, v. 643 ; Steudel in Flora; 1

33. R. lucceanus, Kunth, our iii, 385, male pf. R. Oe a

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 224.

isi ar without Bee: Bergius! Harvey, 388 b, 3! Sieber, o !

Drége, 4

ptt ak Al Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Burchell, 39/1, g ! 209, g¢ ! Bolus.

4453, ¢ ! Lion i a ‘Berihe il, 120, 3! Table a Necati ins Miine, 223, 3!

Bolus, 2885, 3 ! Ecklon, 848, 3! M Owan, Herb. Aust. Afr. 1565, g ! Camps

Bay, Burchell, 854! Devils Mountain, Bolus, 4463, ¥ Paarl Div.

Paarl and Lady Grey Railway Bridge, Drage, 48 partly ! Ceres Div. ; ns

near Ceres, 1800 ft., Bolus, 5482, 3 ! Worcester Div., Zeyher, 2 ! Caledon Div. ;

Restio.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 67

between Genadendal and Donker Hoek, Burchell, 7926 partly, 9 ! between

Donker Hoek and w Hoek, Burchell, 8017! near Grietjes Gat, between

Lowry’s Pass and Palmiet River, 2000-4000 ft., Zeyher! Swellendam Div.; dr

hills, by the Breede River, Burchell, 7474! Humansdorp Div.; Kromme River

Heights, Bolus, 2499, oy

3. R. fraternus (Kunth, Enum. iii, 386); stems 2 ft. high, erect,

branching, puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths 1 in. long, coriaceous; apex

membranous, mucronate; male spikelets clustered, sessile or slightly

pedunculate, each about 1 in. long, ovoid ; spathe sheath-like ; bracts

Ovate, acuminate, awned, with a deep white margin; perianth-

Segments oblong, acute; inner flatter, smaller; anthers oblong,

apiculate ; female spikelets solitary, linear-oblong. Mast. in DC.

Monog. i. 235.

Coast Region: Stellenbosch Div.; mountains near Stellenbosch, 3000-4000

ft., Drége, 45! Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Drége, 1623, ¢ !

aS pean a ee ee

* 4. B. ocreatus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 385); stems terete, solid,

2-3 ft. high, slightly wrinkled and furrowed, finely puncticulate ;

testa grey, with white tubercles. Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii.

225 ; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 234. Calopsis peronata, Kunth, Enum.

in. 426, male plant. R. Lehmanni, Nees in Linnea, xx. 241,

name only,

South Arrica: wi ity b dee ae

: CentRat ReGion ois De : Bok keel Ssustiiai at Uien Vullei, 2000-

2500 ft., Zeyher, 1207, g and 2! Dréye, 1623? g and 2! Dréye, 2505, 9 !

5. R. ferruginosus (Link ex Kunth, Enum. iii. 393) ; stems 2-3

ft. high, much branched ; branches fascieulate, slender, puncticulate ;

leaf-sheaths about } in. long, ovate, acute, striate, membranous at

. .

an the spikelet ; bracts oblong, shortly mucronate, coriaceous,

Hass margins brown, membr ; perianth-segments linear-

oblong ; lateral conduplicate, villous-keeled ; inner thinner and more

¥2

68 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [ Restio.

pets female spikelets 1-3, each about 1 in. long, oblong

bpyramidal; spathe bract-like, shorter than the spikelet ; bracts

badly ovate, acute; perianth-segments as in the male; ovary

ovoid; capsule oblique, subglobose, i abortion 1-celled, as long as

the persistent perianth-segments ; ; see ger aio pitted. Steud.

Synops. il. 252 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v 26. R. ameles,

Steud. Synops. ii. 252. R. dichotomus, B, Thunb. Herb. ex Mast.

in Journ. Linn. Soe. ee 420.

Coast Region: Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-4000 ft., Drége, 1619b!

Caledon Div. ; ve ains ue Gavikens Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7632 !

6. R. elatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 226); stems 3-4ft.

high, erect, terete, branched, punctieulate ; leaf-sheaths about 1 in

ong, coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, aristate ; margins hyaline ; smaller

sheaths on the branching stems foliaceous-mucronate ; 3 male spikelets

keeled; inner one-half shorter, membranous; anthe rs ovate,

apiculate ; female spikelets 4—6, approximate, sessile or pedicellate,

each nearly } in. long, ovoid; bracts ovate-mucronate ; perianth-

segments as in the male, but bro ader ; ovary oblong ; style rai

Pho er he into two stigmatic branches. Mast. in DC. Mon

Phan, i. 24

Ast Recion: Paarl Dir, ; Paarl Mountains, 1000-2 Drége, 93;

a rete 2! Tulbagh Div.; New Kloof, near Tul bagh pated 1023, 94

Worcester Div. ; arid mountains near Hex "River, Bolus, “1235, atl 4234, 94

7. R. gaudichandianus (Kunth, Enum. iii, 387); stems 2-3 ft.

high, branching from the middle; branches fasciculate, purple- ae

leaf. sheaths about + in. long, closely convolute, coriaceous, subulate

acuminate, membranous at the m argins ; male spikelets 3-9 or more,

slightly membranous; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; outer

lateral conduplicate, villous-kee ed; anthers linear-oblong, mucro-

nulate; female spike elets 2-3, ecauils or pedicellate, each 1 line

i n

1-celle abortion; seed Bisby 6 t testa grey, pitted and

purple-spotted. Steud. Synops. ii. 250 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe

i nog. Phan 216,

y Var . nh, = itp. onre by ast. & DC. - Phan., i. 247); stems more

ranc xing; sterile ones leafy; male s ue a h A

hears Me ae p y 8 ort. Restio fo sa EO

Coast ReGion: Pa i Div. ; Paarl Mountains Drége, 161 ! ester

Div. ; Drakenstein Monatains 1 near Bains Kloo ; 1600-2000 mi ee lus, pe g!

races

Restio.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 69

4096! Var. 8, Tulbagh Div.; near Tulbagh Waterfall, er» 3 ! Worcester

Div. ; 3 — ts Kloof’, 1000-2000 ft., Drége, 52, g, 58, 3 and 9!

A variable species differing much in stature and degree of gina ara gh ; the size

of the spikelets often varies considerably in the same specime

R, arcuatus (Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 247) ; stems 2-3 ft.

high, branching ;_ branchlets sgnap iss apigerps curved, somewhat

compressed, purple-spotted ; sheaths . long, loosely convolute,

coriaceous, subulate-mucronate, yalihern Bi the apex; male spikelets

about 2 in. long, ovate-oblong, ultimately cuneate; spathe flat,

oblong, mucronate, half the length of the i nr bracts oblong-

ovate, coriaceous, hyaline at “the margins, shortly mucronate ;

perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; lateral csatincibi, glabrous ;

Inner shorter, hyaline

Coast

Burchell, 7806

Perhaps pelhtable to Hypolena.

EGION: Swellendam Div.; on a mountain peak near Swellendam,

» do!

9. R. subverticillatus (Mast. in Journ. Soc. Linn. viii. 227) ; stems

erect, 3-4 ft. high, stout, terete, minutely purple-spotted, much

bran ched ; branches verticillate, dense, slender, filiform, spreading ;

ect about 1 in. long, coriaceous, striate above, membranous,

reading, acuminate; smaller sheaths foliaceous from beneath a

twoelobed hyaline apex ; male spikelets 1-6 in a simple spike-like

cyme, each nearly 3 in. long, erect or spreading, cylindrie-lanceolate,

straight or curved ; spathe sheath-like, subulate, mucronate, much

shorter than the spikelet ; bracts oblong, a acute, mucronate, brown ; :

margins membranous, lacerate; perianth-segments broadly oblong ;

ia villous- keeled ; female plant like the male, but less

anched ; spikelets 1-8, sessile or pedunculate, } in. long, elliptic,

ultimately clavate ; perianth- -segments broader than in the male ;

ovary rounded, compressed ; capsule obliquely ovate, 1-celled, 1-

seeded. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 248. Ischyrolepis subverti-

cillat, Steud. Sones By 249, female plant. Restio ferruginosus,

Kunth, Enum. iii. 393, to the female plant, not of Link. R.

cusuariniformis, com in gar Willdenovia teres of European

gardens, not of Thun erg.

Sourn A !

Coast Raton; cinta, "padi : stein Mountains near Bains Kloof,

1600-2000 ft., Bolus, 4084, 3! Datoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drage, 1620,

and 9?! Mountains inh DB sorters. lage mn, 2572! Stellenbosch Div. ;

Hottentots Holland Mounta 000-3000 ., Zeyh er! Caledon Div.; Nieuw

Kloof, Houw ie Sialic Derchilt aie, oF ! Genadendal, 2000-3000 ft.,

Variable in Stature and habit.

. 10. RB. laniger (Kunth, Enum. iii, 386); stems cxspitose, 18-24

in. high, terete, nthe branched, yellowish ; leaf-sheaths about }.in.

70 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [ Restio.

long, closely convolute, enclosing a woolly sheath, coriaceous;

s membranous; apex mucronate; male spikelets 2 or more

approximate, each about 3 in. long, erect. or spreading, cylindric,

acute, straight or gas curved, twice the length of the obtuse,

sheath-like spathe; bracts ovate-oblong, mucronate ; perianth-

segments free iitieat ee anthers ovate, apiculate ;

female spikelets 1-3, like ger: ultimately ovoid; bracts

oblong-ovate, coriaceous ; margins membranous; apex acuminate-

aristate ; flowers oblong, ultimately es than the bracts ; perianth-

segments oblong-lanceolate ; lateral eonduplicate, villous-keeled ;

inner flat or wrapping r round the style; ovary ovoid; style bifid ;

cance 1-celled by abortion, oblique; seed grey, pitted. Steud.

Synops. ii. 250 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe, viii. 2830; DC. Mong

Phan. i. 238.

Coast Reaion: Clanwilliam Div.; Gift Berg, 1500-2500 ft., Drége, 51, 3!

CrentraL ReEGIon: Prince Albert Div.; near Vrolykheid on the Great

Zwart Bergen, 5000 ft., Drége, 36, 2 !

11. R. distractus (Mast.) ; stem 18-24 in. high, erect, terete, obso-

letely tubercled, fantigistely branched ; branches slender, spreading ;

leaf-sheaths about 2 1 in. long, closely convolute, lanceolate, aristate,

coriaceous, except at the membranous edges, in many cases showing

disievebite styles

t Reeion: Graaff Reinet Div.; among rocks at the top of Mount

Foc aig ‘had Graaff Reinet, 67001 tt, Bolus, 2633, gand@?! ti

sheaths a eee coriaceous, rare prolon into @

long slender awn, rane enclosing a villous scale; male spikelets

numerous, in a linear cyme, each spikelet about 1 in. long, eylindri¢,

acute, with a short, sckite spathe at the base ; ‘bracts ovate, mucro-

nate ; flowers stipitate, ovoid; perianth- segments oblong, acute;

lateral villous-keeled ; inner smaller, flat; anthers linear-oblong;

apiculate ; female spikelets solitary or two, 2 in long, ovoid, with 4

short, bract-like spathe at the base ; bracts oblong, coriaceous;

flowers raised on short, villous pedicels ; perianth-segments lance0-

late ; lateral villous-keeled ; inner slightly geen slightly involute

at the margins; ovary ati tened, i apt unted by a bifid

style. Steud. Synops. ii. es "Mas t. coer. Linn. Soc. viil-

231; DC. Monog, Phan. . 240. R. soba: Kunth, Enum. :

—

aaa

_—

Oe er een ee

Restio.] RESTIACEH (Masters). pe 4

iii. 390; Steud. Synops. ii. 251; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

vill. 230; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 240.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Drage, 73, 9 !

Coast Recion: Clanwilliam iv.; Ceder Bergen, near Ezels Bank, 4000-

000 ft., Drége, 2496, 9 ! Worcester Div.; between the Bokke Veld and Hex

River, t., Drége, 9616, Dutoits Kloof, 3000-40 ., Drége, 1608

partly, 2 ! Constable, 3000-3500 ft., Drége, 9450, g and !

13. R. squarrosus (Poir. in Lam. Encycl. vi. 174); stems 2 ft.

high, slender, simple or sparingly branched, terete, coarsely tubereled ;

each about 3 in. long, oblong, erect or spreading, supported at the

base by a short, bract-like spathe ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, prolonged

at the apex into a long recurved awn; flowers oblong-lanceolate,

shorter than the bracts; outer perianth-segments oblong-lanceolate ;

lateral conduplicate, villous-keeled ; inner subequal, flatter ; anthers

g, apicnlate; ovary ovoid-globose; style bifid; capsule

2-celled. Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 228; DC. Monog.

Phan. 236. Restio echinatus, Kunth, Enum. iii, 384; Steud.

li. 250.

Coast Region: Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drége, 49

Partly, g!

14. BR.

oO 18 in. high, slender, simple or slightly branched ; mag tragn'

membranous and lacerate near the apex; male spikelets 3-4, each

a x in. long, oblong-ovate, acute, with a short sheath-like

spathe at the base ; bracts oblong, acuminate, coriaceous, membranous

at the edges; flowers curved ; perianth-segments oblong, acute ;

lateral villous-keeled ; inner smaller, hyaline; female spikelet

lacerate ; flowers lanceolate; perianth-segments lanceolate; lateral

oo Region: Aliwal North Div.; Witte Bergen, 5000-6000 ft., Drége,

’ .

15. RB. oblongus (Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soc. viii. 229); stems 1

ft. high, very slender, decumbent, compressed, purple, with white

i ea

Owers; outer perianth-segments oblong, acute; lateral con-

duplicate, keeled; keel glabrous; inner similar, thinner, involute

72 resT1acea (Masters), [ Restio,

the. sgneraipa ; anthers oblong-ovate. Mast. in DC.. Monog-

Phan. i 239.

Sours Arrica: without locality, Drags, 65, fo!

_ This may be the male of some species of Hypolena.

6. R. crinalis (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 229);

erect from a decumbent base, filiform, terete, coarsely ‘intel

much branched from the base; leaf-sheaths coriaceous, closely con-

volute, about 1 in. lo oy with a hair-like awn of the sere Se

submembranous, slightly exceeding the flowers ; perianth-segments

lanceolate ; outer lateral keeled; keel ai bet inner shorter ;

anthers oblong. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i

South Arrica: without locality, Drége, 11, g !

Perhaps the male of a species of Hypolena.

17, BR. setiger (Kunth, Enum. iii. 385, female pl.) ; stem 2 ft.

high, = orgy or sparingly branched, puncticulate, white- spotted ;

sheaths about in. long, elliptic, striate, tubereled, coriaceous

beneath, ‘yale above, and ending in a long awn; male spikelets

clustered, each about + in. long, “eylindric- lanceolate ; spathe open,

sheath-like, sriiale as long as the spikelet ; bracts oblong, hyaline

above, ending in a long, spreadin ng awn; flowers oblong-lanceolate ;

outer parianth-eegmenta oblong, acuminate ; pee conduplicate,

villous-keeled ; inner oblong, flat, as long as the outer; anthers

wo, each t

cylindric-lanceolate ; spathe sheath-like, open, shorter than the

spikelet ; bracts oblong, hyaline at the margins, ending in a long,

spr awn ; flowers oblong-lanceolate ; outer perianth- “segments

oblong lanceolate; lateral conduplicate, villous- keeled ; inner flat

or slightly involute at the margins, sometimes provided in the

centre with a tubercle; ovary turbinate or compressed; style

simple or dividing into 2 stigmatic branches ; capsule 2-celled ; seed

tubereled, Steud. Synops. ii. 250; gags ‘in Journ. Linn. Soc.

viii. 228; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 236. ce ee, Kunth,

Enum, ili, 386 ; Steud. Synop. ii. 250, male plan

Coast Reeion: Clanwilliam pata, 3 near Honig ei. on the Koude Berg,

3000-4000 ft., Drége, 2504, 3 ! 8, 9

18. R. vilis (Kunth, Enum. iii, 389); stems 2 ft. high, erect,

simple or branched towards the base; bran ts erect, filiform,

pike i with disc-like white spots ; leaf-sheaths 8 in. long, closely

onvolute, coriaceous, ferruginous, deeply hyaline near the top,

pie aga ey male spikelets numerous, loosely aggregate into a

linear, spicate cyme 1-2 in, long, each } in. long, cylindric, acute,

with a short, acuminate spathe at the base ; bracts oblong, acute,

aS og Na et

Restio.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 73

acuminate ; perianth-segments rather rigid, oblong, obtuse ; lateral

conduplicate, villous-keeled; female spikelets 2- sessile or

pedunculate, each } in. long, ovate- oblong ; bracts acuminate ; ovary,

oblong ; style bifid. Steud. CuneRs. li, 251; Mast. in Journ. Linn.

Soc. viii. 231; DC. Monog. Phan. 1.

Sourn ie: without docasiy fae 87!

WESTERN paca Little Namaqualand; Kamies Bergen, 3000-4000 Re

Drége, 2476, g and 3!

9. R. intermedius (Kunth, Enum. iii. 388) ; stems erect, 2-3 tt,

high, slender, branched above the wai terete, olive-colouepd:

faintly tubercled ; leaf-sheaths about + long, closely convolute,

coriaceous, subu ate, ee ; Aly epikelota 5-9 in linear,

distichous spicate cymes, 2 in. long; each spikelet 1} in. long

cylindric, acute, straight or rete with a bract-like spathe at me

base; bracts ovate mucronate; flowers ovate-lanceolate, com

pressed ; perian th-segments rigid, oblong-lanceolate ; outer lateral

conduplicate, villous-keeled ; inner smaller ; anthers oblong, apicu-

late; female spikelets in an erect, papanerss cyme, about 1 in.

SoutH aie {cA : without locality, apie s* g ! 2470, 3!

Coast ahi Clanwilliam Div.; between Juckhals River and Klip Seay

Drege, » 2475, da nd 9! Worcester Div.; 3 vaetintaie above Worcester, Rehman

562, g!

Pit R. Sieberi (Kunth, Enum. iii. 387); stems 12-18 in. high

terete, branched, olive-coloured, puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths clgsalt

convo ae coriaceous, scarious at the margins, mucronate-aristate ;

male spikelets 1-5, each % in. long, erect or spreading, straight or

slightly eiibvad, cylindric, acute, with a sheath-like, long-awned

spathe at the base ; bracts ovate-oblong, coriaceous, mucronate ;

flowers oblong; perianth- segments oblong, obtuse ; lateral villous.

smaller, flat; female spikes 1-2, ovate, _Seabe, about > in. long ;

bracts oblong-ovate, subulate, mucronate ovary ovoid; styles 2;

capsule obliquely ovoid, 1-celled by eboction + seed large, grey,

tuberculate. Steud. Syno mops. ii. 250; Mast. in ’ Journ. Linn. baa

Vili. 235; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 244.

nine ise, heme _— , Sieber, 228, g ! Drége, 80, 9! 9617, 3! !

. Coast Regron : Cap ; Ta ti @ Mountain, Burchell, 536, ¢ ! pcan

Div. ;, Drakenstein Mountains, near Bains poe 1600-2000 ft., Bolus, 4090, ,.

40908, 2! 4104, 9 ! Dutoits Kloof, 1000-25 00 ft., Drage, 1621, J ! 9615, 9 |

ENTRAL REGION: Graaff Reinet Div. ; summit t of Roudereld Berg, Sheeuw

Berg Range, 5500 ft., Bolus, 2584, @ !

21. R. triflorus (Rottboell, Descr. et Icon. 3, t. 2, fig. 2); stems

cwspitose; sterile much branched, diffuse, leaf- -bearing ; fertile

74 RESTIACEZE (Masters). [ Restio.

ft. long, less branched, erect, terete, slender, rather coarsely

tubercled; sheaths about + in. long, coriaceous, striate above, mem-

ranous, mucronate-acuminate ; sheaths of the sterile branches

ty)

lanceolate ; outer perianth- segments ances pointed; kee

villous; inner subequal, smaller; anthers linear-oblong, apiculate ;

female spikelets 2-3, each about 2 Lin. tat, oblong, acute, many-

flowered ; bracts and ’perianth as in the male; ovary compressed,

orbicular, Q-lobed ; style terete, dividing into two branches.

hund. Diss. 16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. i. 86; Spreng. Syst.

Veg. i. 185; Kunth, Enum. iii. 391, female pl. ; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soe. viii. 234; DC. Monog. Phan. 249. R. dichotomus,

Thunb. var. B, Nees in Linnea, v. 641. R. Kunthii, Steud. Synops.

ii. 251.

Coast ieeiowi yew Div. ; Devils iar haa. 845, 9 ! are Bay,

i 00

! . a !

oek, Burchell, 7926, g ! between Donker Hoek and Houw Hoek Mountains,

Burchell, 8017, ¢ ! Riversdale Div.; hills amd Zoetemelks Dive: Burchell,

6800, g ! Alexandria Div. ; Addo, Drise, 78

e plant collected on Devils Mountain by Ecklon (No. 845), gen Ags

collected at Addo by Drége (No. 78), are in every respect sein = aud t

probably some error as to the locality given by Drdge.—N. E. n.]

22. R. Helene (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 233); s

12-18 in. high, erect from a decumbent base, terete, branched ie

the base; branches compressed, olivaceous, with white tubercles,

ultimate benches slender, flexuose, ascending ; sheaths elliptic,

cuspidate, coriaceous ; margin ;

membranous at the foliaceo-mucronate apex ; "male spikelets numerous,

in linear cymes, each about 2 in. long, cylindric, acute ; spathe flat,

£3

coriaceous, brown; margins membranous; flowers oblong, obtuse;

giicrs pao rigs oblong, obtuse ; lateral conduplicate, villous-

keeled; inner smaller, hyaline; female spikelets solitary, % in-

long, eylindrie- oblong, many-flowered; perianth-segments more

acute than in the male; ovary rounded; styles 2. Mast. in DC.

Monog. Phan. i. 249.

Coast Region: Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-2000 ft.,,Drége, 1616,

3! 1618, 3!

23. R. pycnostachyus (Mast. in Journ. ep Soc. viii. 232) 5

stems cespitose, erect, terete; sterile mu branched, _ leaf-

bearing; fertile long, faintly ‘puncticulate ; “hitgeagta + in.

long and upwards, elliptic, coriaceous, membranous at the apex,

aristate ; male spikelets numerous, in a dense, broad, paniculate

Restio. ] RESTIACEE (Masters). 75

eyme, each spikelet + in. long, eylindric-lanceolate ; spathe ovate,

acuminate, membranous at the edges, half the length of the spikelet ;

bracts ovate, acute, mucronulate ; perianth-segments oblong, acute;

lateral conduplicate, villous-keeled; inner shorter, membranous ;

anthers mucronulate. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 243.

Coast REeson: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drege, 79, 3

(not 75 as previously quoted) !

real 24. R. subfalcatus (Nees ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe, viii, 231) ;

sterile stems compactly branched, leaf- bearing ; leaves linear, arcuate ;

are stems longer, less branched, puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths nearly

late ; female spikelets 3-4, ovoid, each about 3 in. long, with an

Open, ovate-acute, aristate spathe ; perianth-segments as in the male ;

ovary subglobose, compressed, 2-celled; style terete, dividing into

two stigmatic branches. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 243.

Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div.; Oliphants River, Zeyher, g and 9 ! between

Grasberg River and Wateryals River, 2500-3000 ft., Drége, 74, ¢ ! and 2500, 3,

partly (mixed with Leptocarpus peronatus)! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof,

3000-4000 ft., Drege, 75, fg! Drakenstein Mountains, near Bains Kloof,

1600-2000 ft., Bolus, 4083, ¢ !

Lon)

io)

‘e

_—

ie)

te]

om“.

Nee

re)

iva]

—

fe)

[gs

pat

fo]

ann

i=]

bee

—

fas]

@®

—

Monog. Phan, i. 244.

Coast Reeion: Tulbagh Div.; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon and Zeyher,

?! Winter Hoek Mountain, Ecklon and Zeyher, fb!

26. R. Ecklonii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc, viii. 236); stems

cespitose, 1-2 ft. long, slender, terete, branched from the middle,

76 RESTIACEH (Masters). [ Restio.

olivaceous, tuberculate ; leaf- sheaths 4 13 in. long, closely paper a

; e spikelets

r , dark brown,

membranous; flowers oblong-lanceolate ; cuter perianth-segments

oblong-lanceolate ; lateral condu licate, | Me te inner

hyaline ; anthers linear-apiculate. Mast. in DC. Mon _ Phan. i.

50.

SoutTH x ahnrreah without locality, ne 85, 3!

: Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder Bergen, Drége, 2497, 2 (not ¢ a

sete ‘gota Cape Div.; vic a. of Cape To own, Burchell, ig - !

Caledon ; between Bot River and the Zwart Berg, Ecklon and Zeyher

27. R. Wallichii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii, 234); stems

cxspitose, 18-24 in. high, erect, slender, branched below the middle ;

branches ascending, faintly wrinkled ; ‘leaf-sheaths about 3 in. long;

fem

1 in. long, cylindric, acute, a or slightly spreading ; spathe oblong,

mueronate, membranous on the upper margins, half the e length of the

spikelet ;. bracts oblong, aa res 3 apex obtuse, membranous ; flowers

villous-keeled ; inner flatter, shorter, more memb ranous ;

i i into t i

Sours AFrica: without loeatitys Wallich, 9!

Coiee Rreion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Buchanan, 157, t

otaivotaie, errr ae ee upper + pbiaok fabbilaiolh. lacerate ;

male spikelets numerous, in an erect much-branched panicled cyme ;

spathe oblong, coriaceous, half the hes of the spikelet, brown,

with a long awn; spikelet nearly 1 long, slender, nana et

lanceolate ; “bracts like the spathe ; yrmite lanceolate ; anth-

segments oblong, acute; lateral conduplicate, villoes ‘keeled ;

inner thinner, shorter; ‘anthers linear, agiala ; female ent

lets numerous, in slightly branched, panieled cymes, each 3—] in.

long, oblong, protected at the base se by an open spathe ; bracts se

perianth-segments as in the male, but larger; capsule obliquely

ovate, compressed, l-eelled by abortion, surrounded by the

eam perianth ; style short; stigmas 2. Mast. in DC. Monog.

Phan. i. 252.

lie Recion: Riversdale Div.; lower part of the Lange Bergen, near

Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 606i, g and 9! ge

ae ee

Restio.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). : 77

29. R. macer (Kunth, Enum. iii. 390) ; stems cespitose, 12-18 in.

high, slender, erect, branching from below the middle; branches

ascending, terete, yellowish, with white tubercles; sterile branches

shorter, more branched ; sheaths about 3 in. long, elosely convolute,

mucronate, coriaceous, membranous and lacerate above; mucro

sometimes leafy ; male spikelets 4-9 in linear erect cymes; spathe

ovary rounded, 2-celled; style bifid; capsule ovoid, bilocular.

Steud. Synops. ii. 251; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 235 5

DC. Monog. Phan. i, 251. R. divaricatus, Mast. in Journ. Linn.

Soe. viii. 236. x

Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div.; near Groene River and Watervals River,

2500-3000 ft., Drége, 2487, ¢! Tulbagh Div.; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon

and Zeyher, 8! Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3 4 ft , Drége, 1631!

Swellendam Div. ; right bank of the Zonder Einde River, Burchell, 7520, 2! .

Western Region: Little Namaqualand ; Kamies Bergen, Drége, 2490!

perianth ; ovary ovoid, wrapped round by the bract ; styles: 2.

i mn lt

Steud. Synops. ii, 252; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 239;

DC. Monog. Phan. i. 261.

WESTERN Div.; Little Namaqualand; Kamies Bergen, near Lily ekgotes

4000-5000 ft., Drége, 2494, g and ? !

shorter than the spikelet ;

papery, ferruginous ; flowers ovate-lanceolate, shortly stalked ; outer

perianth-segments submembranous, oblong, mucronulate ; latera

78 RESTIACEE (Masters). [ Restio.

paudnplinatt with a glabrous keel; inner shorter and thinner than

the anthers oblong, apiculate. Steud. Synops. ii. 25

pig in tag Linn. Soe. viii. 239; DC. Monog. Phan, i. 265.

Coast Recton: Paarl Div.; French Hoek Mountains, 1000-2000 ft., Drége,

2021 partly, ¢!

A cellular cushion or pad occurs in the axils of the pedicels, and the leaf is

also remarkable in the genus for its development.

32. R. leptostachyus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 407); stems 18 in.

high, decumbent, trailing, very slender, capillary, sparingly branched ;

branches terete, white-tubercled ; leaf-sheaths s closely Saeergaanie in.

long, coriaceous, striate, subu lat te, mucr ate ; ucro a ssed ;

apex two-lobed, hyaline; male spikelets 2-5, in linear, distichous,

lateral villous-keeled; inner shorter; anthers linear, apiculate;

female spikelets like the male, 2-flowered; bracts decurrent at

the margins; ovary shortly stalked, subclavate, 2-celled; styles 2;

capsule obliquely elliptic, 1- celled by abortion, shorter than

pre persistent perianth, Steud. Synops. ii. 254; Mast. in Journ.

n. Soc. viii. 237; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 262.

ae Arrica; without locality, Drége, 12, 4 and 9!

33. R. depauperatus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 405); stems filiform.

much branched ; branches somewhat compressed, puncticulate, pur rple-

spotted ; ultimate branchlets curved; leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long,

closely convolute, coriaceous, striate, subulate-mucronate ; apex

lets , in linear cymes, each spikelet

seeled; inner subequal, shorter than the outer; anthers linear-

oblong, apiculate ; female spikelets 1-2-flowered ; perianth as in the

male ; staminodes 3, liguliform; ovary 2- celled ; styles distinet;

capsule somewhat compressed, roundish, surmounted by the remains

uA hig styles. Steud. Synops. ii. 253 ; Mast. in DO. Monog. Phan. i.

mes t REGION: ta Div.; French Hoek Mcutins, 1000-2000 ft., Drege,

22 ache. a oy 2. Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-4000 tt., Drége:

!10,¢! and 9?!

> 34. R. curviramis (Kunth, Enum. iii 395); stems 6-12 in. high,

ue slender, branching; branches lage flexuose, ascending,

puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths about $ long, closely convolute,

coriaceous, su ate, mucronate ; eee 2. lobed, membranous ; male

spikelets numerous, ‘distant, in linear cymes, each spikelet about 2 2 in.

long, cylindric-lanceolate, sessile or pedicellate, sometimes crowded ;

spathe sheath-like, open, half the length of the spikelet ; bracts

Restio. | RESTIACEH (Masters). 79

oblong, aia subulate, aristate; apex hyaline; male flowers

lanceo! ate; perianth-segments oblong-lanceolate; lateral condu-

plicate, acute, se keeled ; anthers linear, a iculate; female

spikelets 2-4 (rarely 6-8), n terminal spikes, sessile or pedieellate,

= in. long, cylindrie-lanceolate, ultimately ovoid; bracts ovate-

lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous; margins membranous; catetiee

segments Suubes ovary compressed, sage style short, ate

into two long stigmatic branches. Steu d. Synops. ii. 252; Mast. in

Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 241 ; rate Monog. viaiaiies . 263.

OAST Rvcica:: Clanwilliam Div. nag Sie 100-5000 ce Pe ge, 2498, o!

Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 i ae 1626, g! 57,9! pare

above Wor reester, Rehmann, 256 ,¢d! and without precise ley Zeyher

Caledon Div. ; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hook Mountains, Burchell, 8064 ol

35. R. monanthos (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 238) ;

18 in. high, slender, terete, sparingly branched ; branches mh Ro

late; sheaths elosely convolute, coriaceous, mucronato-subulate; apex

thinner, ferruginous; female spikelets 6-8 i a linear cyme, sub-

globose, 1-flowered ; bracts ovate-subulate, mucronate, coriaceous ;

anous ; outer erianth-segments rigid, ate acute ;

ferruginous, slightly involute; ovary ovate- oblong, com 28 seed

2-celled ; style bifid ; capsule 2-celled, ie than the persistent

perianth, Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 264.

WeEsTERN ReGion: Little Nemaqual: und; between Buffels River and Pedros

Kloof, 2000-3000 ft. , Dréye, 2486, 9!

36. R. capillaris (Kunth, Enum. iii, 405); stems 18 in. high,

capillary, terete, purple-spotted, b ranched ; sheaths tightly convolute,

+ In. long, membranous, ferruginous, mucronato- aristate ; awn ap-

pressed ; apex hyaline; male spikelets numerous, in linear cymes,

each abo ut {4 in. long, oblong-ovate, 2—4-flowered, with an open

bract-like spathe at the base; bracts oblong, mucrouato-aristate,

aline flowers ovate-lanceolate ; perianth-segments

ng e lateral conduplicate, villous-keeled ; inner

smaller; anthers linear-oblong ; female spikelets solitary, | flowered ;

bracts lanceolate, pangote a ; perianth as in the male, but

“egments more acute; capsule obliquely ovate-oblong, l-celled by

abortion, ass by the ye aia of the style. Steud. Synops. ii.

253; Mast. in DC. Mon nog. Phan. 4.

. ! Worceste:

gy Baar tear ks Peg ot ain, gg ga ol 6 al Me gagee

Mountains, 1600-2 2000 ft., Bolus, 4095 !

7. R, cincinnatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 240); stem

ign in. high, terete, much branched from the centre upwards ;

branchlets very slender, curled, wrinkled and studded with white

tubercles ; leaf-sheaths nearly 3 in. long, closely tubular, with two

80 RESTIACEE (Masters). [ Restio.

membranous lobes beneath the mucronate apex ; male spikes solitary

or two, eac about 2 in. long, cylindric-lanceolate ; spathe oblong,

obtuse, acuminate, half ee nota nt the e spike; bracts similar to the

spathe, with one appressed flowers oblong; perianth-

segments rigid, oblong ; sian batical’ villouiakpelad inner thinner,

shorter ; female spikes 1-2, about 3 in. long, oblong-lanceo-

late, straight or slightly curved, clavate when in fruit; flower

solitary; bractsand perianth segments as in the male ; intermediate

outer segment as well as the 3 inner somewhat involute at the

margins; ovary globose; capsule obliquely ovate, subcompressed,

l-celled by abortion, surmounted by the remains of the style. Mast.

in DC. Monog, Phan. ii. 267. Restio vimineus B, Thunbery Herb. ez

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Be xiv. 420.

Coast Region: Cape Div.; mountains near Simons Town, 1000-2000 ft.,

Ecklon and Zeyher! Ceres Di iv.; at the foot of mountains around Ceres; \

1800 ft., Bolus, 5489, ¢!

i 38. R. Ludwigii (Steud. Synopsis, ii. mise stems 8-12 in. high, very

/ aN branching in the middle; branchlets filiform, covered with

white tubercles ; leaf-sheaths elosely aebais 4 1-1 in, long, with two

se la lobes beneath the subulate-mueronate apex; male spikes

1+2,2 in. long, erect, ovate, 1-2-flowered; spathe ietens ovate-subulate

mucronate, nearly as long as the spike ; ; bracts loosely imbricate,

oblong, obtuse, mucronate, tubere outer perianth-segments

oblong, obtuse; outer lateral villous-keeled ; female spikes 1-2,

erect, a clavate ; flowers 1-2; pate perianth-segments

invo

, hyaline,

the margins; ovary roundish, compressed ; style dilated at the base;

capsule chia Lealled by abor ioe Mast. in Journ. Linn. “ee

viii. 239; DC. Monog. Phan 268. Restio nutans, Steud.

Flora, 1829, 134, not of Tey,

ours Arrica: without locality, Ludwig,in Oxford Herbarium! Ecklon,

83! 85

Tulbagh Div. ; Bice tact -» MacOwan, Herb. Aust.-Afr., 1672, g!

Tulbagh, 600 ft., Schlechter, ‘Da $ ! 7518, 2 ! Caledon Div.; mountains near

Zeer jes Gat, between Lowrys Pass and Palmiet River, 2000-4000 ft., Ecklon and

cid

39, R, leptoclados (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 241 and x. 279);

stems 2 ft. ‘high, erect, terete, olivaceous, purple-spotted, branching

towards the middle: branches numerous, verticillate, filiform, ascena-

ing or spreading ; leaf. sheaths about 1 in. nes closely convolute,

coriaceous, slenderly aristate, membranous at the apex ; male spikelet

cooling 1 Jue compressed, 2 + in. long; spathe sheath-like, oped,

half length of the spikelet; bracts pee ferruginous,

abamnins above; lower subulato-muc outer perianth-

segments linear oblong ; lateral céndnplivatey villous-keeled ; ; inner

3” oblong, hyaline; anthers apiculate; female spikelet solitary,

Restio.] RESTIACEE (Masters). 81

n. long, ovoid, pyriform, 1-flowered; braets coriaceous, ovate-

Sadi: subulato-mucronate, membran nous above ; ; outer perianth-

segments equalling the bract, linear oblong; lateral conduplicate,

villous-carinate ; inner rather shorter, thinner, involute at the

margins ; staminodes 3; ovary compressed, ovate, oblong, 2-celled ;

style simple or dividing into three branches; capsule 1-celled by

abortion. Mast. in DC. ”Monog. Phan, i. 265.

es AFRICA: without gers c rd > aH

Ast REGION: George Div. w River, Burchell, 5782, ¢!

Sic Div. ; between Groene Vale a ee + Vallei, Burchell, 5672, a! ‘ on

“i hills at the west of Groene Vallei, Burchell, 5652, ¢! ar Gou-

ma gen Burshel. 5589, 3! between Plettenberg Bay oO “Melville,

Burchell, 5353, 9!

40. R. Eleocharis (Nees ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 238) ;

stems 18-24 in. high, ereet, terete, slender, dichotomously branched;

branches filiform, ascending ; sheaths 1 in. long, elliptic, coriaceous,

mincronalate ; margins membranous; male spikelet eryRe elliptic,

acute, {1 in. long; spathe braet-like, half the length of the spikelet;

braets oblong, ferruginous, coriaeeous, mucron ate ; mucro often

twisted ; flowers ovate-lan ceolate ; ; outer perianth-segments rigid,

oblong ; lateral ee villous-carinate; inner subequal,

oblong, ferruginous ; anthers linear; female spikelets solitary,

ovate, erect, 2 in. long; ov i oblong, compressed, 2-celled; bee e

rete dividing into two stigmatic branches. Mast. in DC. M J

266.

es Re@ion: Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder Bergen at Ezels Bank,

4000 ft., Drage, 2489! Cape Div. ; Sand-dunes near Cape Town, Bolus, 133, al

ne, 556, 9! Zeekoe Vale, Zeyher, 78! 984, g and 9! Cape Flats,

cklon, 1! 560! Rehmann, 1802

Al. RB. Par apr res Enum, iii fh ge stems 12-14 i

Pressed, 1]- celled by abortion; seed oblong; testa covered with

white tubercles, Steud Si ynops. ii. 252; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc

Vili. 241; DC. Monoy. Phan. i. 268.

Souty iia. without localit Thom, 1 aig

Peoy ST Ruatoy ; Tulbagh Div 8 pear Tulbagh, Drege, ih

d?! Tulbagh, 600 ft., Behleciter, “617, $! 7518, Q! Worcester Div.

hares Kloof, Drege, 1625, g!

R. tetragonus (Thunb. Diss. Rest. 17); stems 2-3 ft. high

fers upw

ards, leafless or leafy; leafless stems four-sided, x

branched, wrinkled, and Sanky. tubercled ; leaf-sheaths cag t 1 in

VOL, Vir,

82 RESTIACER (Masters). [ Restio.

long, closely convolute, pale greenish-yellow, coriaceous, striated,

with an appressed mucro at the apex; leafy stems shorter, m much

branched ; ultimate branchlets filiform, curved; leaf-sheaths about

2 in. long, with two deep hyaline lobes beneath the terminal,

oblong, acute; inner shorter, hyaline; anthers purplish ; rudi-

ee ee halen minute, 3-lobed; female plant and inflorescence

male; spikelets many-flowered; staminodes 3; ovary

2 sided, ey brown, white at the angles ; styles 3, distinct ; "capsule

2- or even I-celled by abortion. Thur rb, Prod.15; Fl. Cap. ¢ ed.

Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 725 ; Nees in Linnea, v. 642; Kunth, Enum. jil.

401; Steud, Synops. ii. 253; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Sve. viii. 245.

Soura “ina e without locality, Sieber, 118, 9! Thunberg! Massun!

Coast aan N: Cape D ate reiges Sedan ae ! False Prot lt Robertson

between Roudebosch and a Bay, art Mountain,

500 {t., Bolus, 4460, f eel. gq! i: Q on ple sfountain, ea Llivray,

435! Krauss ; vic cinity of Cape Town, Burchell, 461! 499! e Flats near

a Burchell. 186! Knysna Div.; on bills near Mente, Burchell,

463, 2!

ng white balsas Jeaf-sheaths ie es long, — cae

oblong, obtuse, }—} in,

perianth as in the male; staminodes 3; ovary roundish, deel

chestnut-coloured ; eee: '2-eelled by abortion, Steud. Synops. Us

253; Mast. in Jow nn. Soe, viii, 242; DC. Monog. Phan.

i. 278, Restio x adits ag Kunth, Enum, iii. 397.

Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Diy.; ba Mew! Ezels Bank and Dwars ys

ope B; ir 35, ¢! mH Flats her, 2! Burchell, 188, ¢ and ¢!

Olu

2888, 2 ! 4732, ¢! 4760, 9! “Eekion, 564! 564b! 563! 566! oe

Fave, Wright! Wyuberg, Ecklon, 91

44. R. sme (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 246) ; a tall-grow

ing species with terete stems, and subcompressed branches of a : dee? a

olive a with white spots ; leaf-sheaths about 2 in. long, closely —

— > a ee ee eee =

a nn Sa El eee D

| Os eee ee S| ee Oe

Lestio.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 83

convolute, coriaceous, lacerateemembranous at the apex; male

spikelets | numerous, in erect, linear, flexuose cymes, each spikelet

about } in. long, oblong, acute, with an oblong, acuminate, rather

open spathe at the base; bracts closely overlapping, oblong, obtuse,

convex, subcarinate ; outer perianth-segments unequal, oblong, obtuse ;

lateral villous-carinate ; intermediate thinner, flat; inner subequal,

shorter than the outer; anthers apiculate, purplish ; pistillode

minute; female spikelets many-flowered ; perianth as in the male;

ovary oblong, truncate, purplish, surmounted by 3 styles and

encircled at the base by 3 staminodes; eapsule 1-celled by abortion,

obliquely ovoid; seed 3-angled, grey, purple-spotted. Mast, 1

DC. Monog. Phan. i. 274.

Coasr Reeion: Caledon Diy. ; mountain ridges between Babylons Tower and

Caledon, 1000-2000 ft., Ecklon and Zeyher! Not in Kew Herbarium,

mately deciduous mucro ; male spikelets 8-10, arranged in pairs on

‘in erect, distichous, flexuose, linear cyme ; spikelets about 1 in. long,

ovoid, acute ; spathe oblong, obtuse, cuspidate, one-third shorter than

the spikelet ; bracts ovate, subulate, mucronate, coriaceous, ferru-

ginous ; margins and upper portion dull brown pitted ; flowers ovate

oblong; perianth-segments rigid, oblong, acute; lateral pater”

Coast Region: Cape Div.; mouxtains near Simons Town, Zeyher, d! Cape

Flats, Bolus, 4452, 9!

46; RB: hifevous (Nees ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vill. 247

partly); stems 2-3 ft. high, terete, slightly branched, olivaceous, with

vircular white spots ; leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long, closely eonvolute,

Ne pitted near the top and with a narrow, whitish, deciduous

Margin beneath the short muero; nerves whitish ; outer perianth-

G 2

84 RESTIACEZ ke [ Restio.

flowered, arran saad in ‘iiteee mes ; bracts as in the male, but with

the white margin less obvious ; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse ;

— villous-carinate ; stam inodes 3; ovary oblong, 3-styled.

Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i 275,

orebon Arrica: without locality, Thom, 632, 2!

Reeion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Zeyher, 1011, g! Caledon Div.;

ice Kloof, Houw Hoek Mountains, Burchell, 8119, ¢!

. R. preacutus (Mast.); stems 2-3 ft. high, a dark olive,

ovoid, acute, subtended by a bract-like spathe, 4 shorter than the

spikelet ; bracts loosely imbricate, coriaceous, pitted near the apex ;

flowers pedicellate ; onter perianth-segments rigid, lanceolate, acute ;

lateral villous-carinate; intermediate flat, cartilaginous, thickened

near the base; inner slightly shorter than the

outer, lanceolate, thickened at the base; female inflorescence as

the male ; spikelets erect, ovoid, acute, seareely + in. long ; poet

on a short, villous pedicel; perianth-segments very acute;

nodes 3 ; Merce: up-shaped ; ovary oblong; styles 3; capsule 2- called

by aborti

ga ast REecion: Clanwilliam Div.; Gift Berg, Drége, 88, 9! Worcester

- ata * Kloof, ee 46, 9! 1608 partly, g and 9! according to Drége,

- p. 82, but t the latter vied a ia in Caledon Div. at Genadendal,

Sante yg to Drage’ s own label at Lubec

ided by myself and ats wit ‘ R. fureatus, from which it may be

tinned by its ineas-blong spikelets, its very acute perianth-segments, and

e presence of a

48. R. triticeus (Rottboell, Progr. 11); stems tufted, erect,

18-24 in. high, slightly branched, olive-coloured, coarsely tubercled

and white-spotted ; leaf-bearing branches shorter, much papain

ultimate branches filiform, spreading ; oe about + long;

closely convolute, coriaceous, with two deep _ ultimately.

are lobes beneath the svbulte-macronat apex ; in the smaller

eaths mucro is prolonged into a small eisai leaf ; male

aad ape in number from 2-9, pv rect, spicate cymes, each

spikelet t about + — long esittalsie daa da with a short sheath-

ing tgs at the base; bracts oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, ferru-

ginous, adr muero onate; flowers oblong, shortly stalked ;

zane pata oblong, obtuse; outer lateral narrow, boat-

shaped, villous-carinate ; cent flat; inner 3 shorter, thinner, more

or less concrescent at the base ; anthers chestnut-coloured, with white

hea

Restio.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 85

tubercles ; capa with 3 Piensa styles; female inflorescence

and peria anth a in the male; staminodes 3; ovary ovoid, 3-styled ;

capsule phbaue 2- or even 1-celled by abortion; seeds re a

studded with large white tubercles, Rottboell, Descr. et 7,

t.3, f. 1; Thunberg, Diss. 17; Fl. Cap., ed. Schult. 87; Willd.

Sp. Plané. iv. 726; Sprengel, Syst. Veg. a 185 ; Nees in "Linnea,

v. 640, partly ; ‘Mast in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 243 ; DG.

Monog. Fas i. 277. R. dichotomus, Thunberg Herb. ! ex Mast.

in Journ. Linn. Soe. xiv. 420; Thunb. Diss. 314. R. tri

B gracilis, Nees ex Drége in Linnea, xx. 241. Calopsis triticea,

m. ili, 424; Steud. Synops. ii. 257. R. glumaceus,

Klotesch in several hei ‘bar ria

Sou RICA: without Locality, Thom, 1026, ¢! Drege, 85! 9451, 3!

protcriig or Sieber, 112 2,9!

Ast ReGion: Cape Div.; False Bay, bettie hoagie Mountain, 5000 f

Kah 4464, 2! Rehman, 929 | Table Mountain, Drége, 200, 3! hills and tat

ape Tow Saerarig Pe Zeyher, 1742, zt "Caledon Div. 3; Donk

Hoek Mewihdin. Bur chell 5,9!

Very variable in stature an in number of spikelets.

49. R. pannosus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 244); stems

2-3 ft. high, oe slightly tiedncheds ae tubereled, olivaceous ;

ceria about 1 in, ; ene, close ly conv iat coriaceous, dividing

is artnet near the shortly mucronate Ra: sweei: ey

re)

or less eoncrescent at the base; anthers linear, ferruginous;

Pistillode minute; female plant, inflorescence and perianth nearly

as in the male; ovary oblong-ovoid, sae eta - or by abortion

2-1- celled ; sexninodes Mast. in DC. . Phan, i. 278.

S tities, Thunb. Herb. 3 ex Mast. in penis "Linn. Soe. xiv.

18.

South Arrica: without locality, Thom, 913, 3!

Coast Rucion: Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Ecklon, 50,9! Ecklon and Zeyher!

Thunberg, 3! False ie, Robertso

50. R. multiflorus (Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 187); stems 2-3 ft.

high, terete, branched - ; branches flabellate ; ; ultimate branchlets

fil liform, olivaceous, wrinkled, white-spotted ; leaf-sheaths 3-1 in

long, closely convolute, coriaceous below, deeply hyaline. ire

lacerate ; apex prolonged into a slender filiform mucro ; male spi elets

in linear, panicled cymes; each spikelet about 1 in. long,

Ovate-oblong ; spathe sheath-like, open, half the length of the

spikelet; bracts co coriaceous, ovate, subulate-mucronate ; outer Peaatat

ents oblong, acute; lateral conduplicate, villous-carinate

86 RESTIACEX (Masters). [ Restio.

intermediate outer and inner smaller, flat; female plant like

the male; staminodes filiform ; ovary trigonous, roundish, purplish ;

capsule 2-celled by abortion. Nees in Linnea, v. 64 Kunth,

gale ey 412; “gee Synops. li. 254; ast. in Journ. Linn.

Soe. viii. 244; xxi. 575; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 279. R. triticeus,

B, flan, Nees in enc v. 640. R&R. triticeus var. destructus,

cate rious herbar:

eas EGION : Cape Div.; Devils Mountain; Drege, 90, 9! Bolus, 4469, 9!

Ration and Zeyher! Table " Mbantain, Ecklon! Bolus, 4442! Lion Mountain,

nd!

51. R. filiformis (Poir. Encycl. vi. 173) ; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. high,

terete, slender, simple or slightly branched, olivaceous, white-

spotted; leaf-sheaths 4—} in. long, closely eonvolute, coriaceous

iain, thinner above ; apex subtlate-mucronate; male spikelets 1-3,

sessile or slightly stalked, Sbioiie! ovate, a 3 i in. long; spathe

bract-like, shorter than the s spikelet ; tats "ovale oblong, coriaceous

form; ovary roundish, subtrigonous; styles 3; capsule 2-celled.

R. filiformis, Poir. in the Paris herbarium. R. garnotianus, Kunth,

Enum. iii. 392; Steud. Synops. ii. 251; Mast. in Journ. Linn.

Soc. viii. 254; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 280. R. bifidus, Nees

inna, Vv. 636; Kunth, Enum. iii. 409; Steud. Synops. ii. ha

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vill. 253, not of Thunberg. BR. t¥s

Thunb. Herb. ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. xiv. 417, Cr saab fr

Verreauxii, Steud. pita ii. 264. C. fimbriata, Mast. in DC.

Monog. Phan. i. 280.

Paved R. B, a cage ca (Mast.) ; stem flexuose, 1-2-spiked ; aaa ane

we te a long, leafy mucro; female spikelets larger than in the sewsie®

segments more acute. . bifidus, var. 8, Nees in Linnea, v. 637. R. bi sfidus

gracilis, Nees in herb. R. oligostachyus, Kunth, Enum. iii. 399. R. ei aap

w r, oligostachyus, Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan, i. 281.

monostachyus (Mast.); stem slender; spikelet: s few, minute.

te R-garotions, Kunth, var, monostachyus, Steud. ew Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan.

Aci AFRICA: without locality, fe bog ! Boivin! Drége, 59!

t Re@ion : Clanwilliam Div. ; ergen, at Ezels Bank, 3000-4000 ft.,

Drege, 3473! Cape Div.; Table Mou Speed Drege, 187, 9! Ecklon, 77! between

Cape Town and Table Mountain, — ui, 925! near Cape ‘own, Bolus, 2887!

agh Div.; Ni Kloof, n ;

‘S,

rig

bes

‘>

? Zw nea mn, El », 4343

Zwartwater Poort, Burchell, 3409! Var. B, ester Diy. ; Dutoits Kloof,

3000-4000 ft., Drége, 1624, 9! Uniondale Atots between *Welgelegen and

wii

Restio.| RESTIACEE (Masters). 87

Onzer, 1500-2000 ft., Drege, 37 partly, 2 ! Var. y, Cape Div.; Table Mountain,

Ecklon, 840! 846! Milne, 218! MacGillivray, 436 !

Very variable in stature and in the number of the spikelets.

yellow; spathe lanceolate, acuminate, membranous at the edges,

i : :

lateral conduplicate, only slightly keeled, glabrescent; inner

narrower; anthers linear, apiculate; staminodes 3, ovary ovoid-

oblong or compressed; styles 3; fruit not seen. R&R. festuce-

formis, Nees in herb. Sonder! Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 281.

R. ischeemoides, Nees MSS. in various herbaria.

T Region: Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek, 2600 ft., Schlechter, 7788, g !

Zwartberg, near Caledon, Ecklon and Zeyher, g and 9! mountain near Grietjes

Gat, between Lowrys Pass and Palmiet River, Ecklon and Zeyher ?

A 58. R. subtilis (Nees ex Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soe. viii. 251); stems

18 in. high, very slender, filiform, subcompressed, sparingly

branched, wrinkled, purple-spotted; Jleaf-sheaths about } in, long,

closely convolute, ferruginous, paler and thinner above, prolonged

into a short appressed mucro; male and female spikelets similar,

numerous, loosely arranged in long, loose. linear cymes, sessile, or on

long, slender stalks, each spikelet about 1 line long or less, oblong-

ovoid; spathe open, mucronate, half the length of the spikelet ; bracts

imbricate, ovate, acute, coriaceous, thinner at the margins, shortly

mucronate; flowers 2-3, ovoid, compressed ; perianth-segments

oblong, acute ; lateral conduplicate, scarcely keeled, glabrous;

inner flat, shorter ; pistillode 3-styled ; capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled ;

seeds grey, Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 282.

Coast Reston: Caledon Div., mountain near Grietjes Gat, between Lowrys

Pass and Palmiet River, Ecklon and Zeyher, ¢ and 9.

Bites:

54. R. subulatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 248); stems

decumbent, 8-10 in. high, much branched ; leaf-sheaths closely

’ n i ‘

long; bracts loosely imbricate, oblong, coriaceous, mucronate ;

pee perianth-segments rigid, oblong, acute ; lateral _conduplicate,

Villous-carinate ; inner smaller, hyaline ; pistillode minute; stami-

88 RESTIACER (Masters). [ Restio.

nodes 3 ; capsule ovoid, hae IP 2-celled, coriaceous, ferruginous,

Mast. in De. Monog. Pha 281.

Coast Rreron: Caledon Div.; can nag near Caledon, 1000-2000 ft.,

Ecklon and Seshee' Not j in Kew Herbariu

55. R. strobilifer (Kunth, aoe iii. 398) ; stems ceespitose, 2-3 ft.

high, erect, terete, sparingly nched, dark olive, petty speckled ;

rtion

mucro deciduous; male and tigi: ottelete karte solitary or twin,

each about + in. tong, ovoid or subg Jobe Se ; sate obovate, mucro-

flowers ong, obtuse, ed; perianth-segments oblong, fae ;

ter lateral rigid, conduplicate, villous-carinate; intermediate

flattish, with a ferruginous midrib; inner 3 smaller, thinner, flat;

pistillode 3-styled; female flowers stalked; stalk short, with a

warty swelling at the apex [?always]; perianth as in the male;

staminodes liguliform ; capsule bilocular, suborbicular, epee ek

seed oblong, obtuse, trigonous blackish. Steud. Synops. ii. 252

Mast. in DC. han. i. 282.

Coast RrGion: Clana Div. ; Ceder Bergen, at Ezels Bank, 3000-4000

ft.; Drege, 2474, g and 9! St ellenbosch Div.; Sneeuw Kop, Wallich/ Ceres

Div. ; at the foot of mountains around Ceres, 1800 ft., Bolus, 5484!

aft 56. R. pachystachyus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 399); stems cespitose,

2-3 ft. high, erect, terete, slightly branched, olivaceous, with white

tubercles ; leaf-sheaths closely convolute, coriaceous, 7—} in. long,

nervose-striate, white-spotted ; m s membranous; apex acuml-

nate, prolonged ; spikelets ee sessile or stalked, about 2 in. long,

ylindric, acute, becoming ovoid-acute ; dicel a

spikelet ; spathe half the length of the spikelet, sheath- like, with a

«2

membranou margins, sharply acuminate; flowers shortly

pedicellate, ovoid, convex; outer perianth-segments r rigid, oblong,

acute ; lateral conduplicate, villous-earinate ; inner shorter, thinner ;

ovary ro omer 2-celled by abortion; styles 3. Steud. Synops.

ii. 252 ; ‘Mas nm DC. Monog. Phan. i. 383.

EGION : " Sgn m Div.; Wupperthal, 1500-2000 ft., Drége, 43, ¢ !

Worcester Div. rakenstein Moopiaine. near "Bains Kloof, 1600-2000 ft.

Bolus, 4093, 2 .:

57. R. purpurascens (Nees ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe.

viii. 249); stems erect, 2-3 ft. high, terete, aca Ph branched ;

branches ascending, olivaceous, densely covered with flattened, dise-

like, white tubercles; leaf-sheaths 13 in. ois, ately convolute,

coriaceous, membranous hore: péolongel at the apex into

long, leafy point; spikelets 2-5, in linear, erect cymes, sessile

or pedicellate, about 1 in. long; spathe as long as the spikelet, with

a long, leafy, curved mucro ; bracts oblong, acute ; ; perianth-segments

Restio.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 89

oblong-lanceolate ; yg conduplicate, villous-carinate ; inter

mediate flat, a s lo ong as, or even slightly longer than the fatal

ones; inner 3 ane. “hyaline, united at the base; pistillodium

3-styled ; female plant like the pe: ovary subtrigonous, 2-3-celled ;

capsule 2-celled. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i

SouTH AFRICA: without oe Lind, $!

Coast RrGion: Stellenbosch Diy. ; Hottentots ges Zeyher, 2!

- : of Helderberg Mountain near Somerset West, 400 ft., Bo — eon ! Caledon

3 Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Mountains, Burchell, ‘6068 partly !

oe 58. R. bifidus Soran in Hoffm. Phytog. Blatter, i. 7); stems

ceespitose, erect, 12-18 in. high and upwards, slender, terete, simple

or sparingly branched ; pe ae erect, olivaceous, coarsely tubereled ;

leat-sheaths 1—3 in. long, tightly eonvolute, coriaceous, striate, me m-

the spikelet; bracts Toseeky imbricate, spreading, subcoriaceous,

oblong, cuspidate ; flowers oblong, obtuse ; perianth- segments narrow,

blunt, in the female plant somewhat broader than in the male; :

outer lateral conduplicate, villous-carinate; inner 3 hyaline ; stami-

nodes 3; ovary rounded, subtrigonous ; styles 3. Thunb. in Weber

and Mohr, Archiv. i.25; Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 87; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soe. xiv. esy- DG. Monbe. Phan, i. 984. RB. va ginatus,

he Sp. Pl. iv. 719; Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. a Kunth, Enum.

408 ; Doane in Flora, 1845, 337; Mast. in Journ. Linn.

Soi: viii. 250, not of Thunb. R. Poets lebkooegepie Kunth,

Enum. iii. 399 ; Steud. Synops. ii. 252

Sou m Araica without locality, Drege, 44 partly! Sieber, 221! Burchell,

5812! tan

Coast Rr rh ba : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 3000 ft., Ecklon ! Burchell, 541!

wo 28! Bolus, 4439, Qf 4440, BY Rehmann, C27) Caledon Div. ;

Nie "Mountains, Burchell, 8070, 9! mountain near

Grietjes Gat between Low rys Pass and Palmiet River, Ecklon and Zeyher !

9. R. miser (Kunth, Enum. iii. 392); stems 12-18 in. high,

exspitose, erect, filiform, olivaceous, with white tubercles; leaf-

sheaths about 2 in, long, closely convolute, coriaceous, striate, mem-

branous above, filaceo-mucronate ; male spikelets 3-5 approximate,

ments oblong, obtuse ; lateral conduplicate, villous- carinate ; inner

lyaline, united at the base; pistillodium minute; female plant

like the male ; ovary trigonous, surrounded by 3 staminodes. Steud.

re ii, 259 3 Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 251; DC. Monog.

1. 285.

voli ReGion: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, Drége, 1627, g and 9!

60. B. sonderianus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 252) ; stems

ufted, ereet, very slender, simple, terete, puncticulate, haa

90 RESTIACEX (Masters). [ Restio.

leaf-sheaths tightly convolute, coriaceous, membranous above, subu-

ite ucronate ; spikelets 1-4, sessile or shortly stalked ; each about

fe ovate- oblong ; spathe sheath-like, shorter than the spikelet ;

mucronate-aristate; oute rianth-segments rather rigid, oblong,

“on obtuse ; jateiad conduplicate, carinate ; keel glabrous; inner

shorte yaline, ferruginous at the base ; acing rs_ linear ;

pacilonian 3- styled. Mast. in DC. Monog g. Phan, i.

cc mrigeg : hapten Div.; Groen River and Watervals Rive, 2500-

rege, 92, g! Ceder Bergen at Ezels Bank, 3000-4000 fi , Drége,

Pind Pa So S! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 fe Droge,

sometimes prolonged into a long, cima leaf; spikelets 1-2, about

1 in. long, erect, tiie, pe ultimately oblong; spathe mucro-

nate, shorter than the spikele ; bracts Hithaately loosely imbricate,

oblong, acute, castaneous, mueronu late ; perianth- MG pelea oblong,

obtuse ; lateral conduplicate, with a glabrous keel ; inner hyaline;

staminodes ; ig: trigonous, 2-celled by isha capsule roundish,

2-celled. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 286.

nN: Worcester ee Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drage, 82

partly, 2 ! 91! 1629 partly, 3! 1631b! Ceres Div.; 3 at the foot of mountains

around Ceres, 1800 ft., Bolus, 5483 !

. R. implexus (Mast.); stems 12-18 in. high,-capillary, terete,

he spotted ; branches curving, intertwining ; 3 leaf-s heaths 4-4}

long, closely convolute, coriaceous, mem ous above : apex subulate,

muc cronate ; spikelets solitary, 1 in. long, ob ong : spathe mucronate,

half the length of the spikelet ; bracts papery, ovate-oblong, acute,

scarcely ne ete gen SL asinieept eae! linear-oblong, acute,

cartilaginous, r longer than the sige lateral con-

duplicate, only slightly vifivtis searcely carinate; inner 3 shorter,

a ae olate ; ovary compressed, aie seyias. R. perplexus,

r: pradtis Mast. in DC. rg aba 287.

Coast Reeron: Swellendam Div. t of the Lange Bergen, near

Swellendam, Burchell, 7430, ae not F130 a as tet in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 287,

that number being an "Umbellif

capillary, arcuate, d; leaf-sheaths 11 in, long, or el nes

volute, coriaceous, pepe ant the top, ine? spike ets

mote, ovate-oblong, sessile n. long; pe edunceles

1-3, re

louger than the spikelets ; Saale shorter than te spikelet ; bracts

Restio.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 91

loosely imbricate, broadly ovate-acute, sharply sMipaenien, coriaceous,

r lateral

hyaline at the margins; perianth-segments rigid; ou ateral con-

duplicate, villous, carinate ; f median flat, with the sees part of the

midrib villous; inner orter, yaline ; anthers linear-oblong,

muticous ; pistillode ‘iwi female plant like the male; stami-

nodes 3 ; ovary rounded, 9-celled by abortion ; styles 2-3. Steud.

Synops. ii. 253 ; Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 286. R. vimineus,

Thunb. Herb. ex Mast. in Journ. Lin: Soc. xiv. 420.

Soutn AFRICA: without locality, Drége, 8!

Ouxen ReGiIon : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, oes 339a, ¢! Cooper, 3380!

Bolus, 2886!

R. Harveii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 253, t. 15) ;

ene creeping; stems slender, erect, 2-6 in. high, branching above

the middle; branches curved, spreading, olivaceous, studded with

small, whitish tubercles ; leaf-sheaths 2 1-1 in, long, closely convolute,

coriaceous, membranous. at the upper margins, subulato-mucronate ;

spikes solitary, oblong-euneate, 2-flowered, about 1 line long; spathe

oblong, acute, shortly mucronate ; bracts spreading, oblong, shortly

thinner, with the midrib villosulous ; ones 3; ovary oe

pe aL anges, 2-celled ; stigmas 3. Mast. in DC. Mcnog. Phan.

1, 287,

Coast Reaton : near Cape Town, Harvey, 9! in Dublin Herbarium.

perianth- akighhiits ) bibs acute ; Tutinad conduplicate, ties

carinate ; intermediate flat ; inner shorter, thinner; anthers linear-

oblong ; pistillode none ; ; female spikelets 1-3, terminal, erect,

oblong-ovate, 1-2 in, on ng; spathe half the length of the spikelet ;

bracts oblong, mucronate, purplish-brown ; perianth as in the male ;

ovary 3-celled; styles 3; capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled by hae

Poona —- than the persistent perianth. Mast. in DC. Mon

are tains, Bur-

ens dna pipers Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Moun ain

Burchell also collected R. purpurascens under the same number.

4 an 66. R. bigeminus (Nees ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 246) ;

1 t. high, tufted, terete, slender, olivaceous, minutely punticu-

ate, branching t towards the middle ; branches compressed, ascending ;

92 RESTIACER (Masters). [ Restio.

leaf-sheaths about 3 in. long, closely SPIN coriaceous, mem-

branous above, with an appressed foliaceous mucro; male spikelets

1-5, terminal, sessile or shortly stalked, 2% in. fg elliptic, acute,

somewhat compressed ; spathe very short ; bracts oblong, acute,

scarcely mucronulate, striate; perianth- segments acutely pointed ;

outer lateral conduplicate, with a glabrescent keel; inner hyaline,

shorter; anthers linear, apiculate; female pee 1-5, at the

apex of the branches, in erect, racemose cymes, each about 2 in.

long, elliptic, pedicellate, with a short spathe; bracts oblong:

lanceolate, coriaceous, greyish-brown, shining, 7-nerved, mucronu-

late ; perianth-segments somewhat rigid, oblong- lanceolate ; lateral

conduplicate, carinate; keel ae ioe inner aps shorter,

unequal, posterior one wider; staminodes 3; ovary roundish,

truncate, ferruginous, 2. salted; with 3. Sas elie 6 roundish,

1-2-celled by abortion ; = oblong , ferruginous : pein studded with

royiies large tubereles. Mast. in DC. Mon mog. Pha i, 289 ; Jowrn.

mn, Soe. xxi. 576. R fete Nees MSS. in various herbaria.

Coast Reerion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Zeyher, 1128,9! Bolus, 4448, 9!

Rehmann, 1803, ¢ !

va 67. R. egregius (Hochstetter in Flora, 1845, 337 adnot.); stems

2 ¥

closely convolute, membranous above, subulato-mucronate ;

small —

spikelets numerous in terminal spicate or panicled cymes; peduncles

as long as the spikelets, flattened, each nearly 2 in. long, ovoid-

3 8p

coriaceous, chestnut-brown ; flowers oblong; outer perianth-segmen

rigid, oblong, obtuse ; lateral conduplicate, with a villous oF

glabrescent keel; inner shorter, flat, thickened, and ferruginows

at the base ; mubhers ripest pistillode 3- styled ; female pe

solitary, terminal, 13-1} in. long, oblong, acute; spathe short;

racts In many rows, ovite-dbtong, coriaceous, membranous above,

prolonged at the a apex irito a lon awn ; aoe stalked, Pig,

lateral conduplicate, with a .” glabrous. or Dalcacaat keel; inner

coriaceous, ferruginous, 2-celled by abortion, shorter than_!

persistent Mega Steud. Synops. ii. 253; Mast. in Journ. Linn.

Soc. viii. 245 ; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 288.

Var. 8, nutans (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 245); male nr ene

in diffuse aang cymes; peduncles deflexed ; spikelets nodding. Mas in DC.

Monog. Phan. i. 289.

Sourn Argrica: without locality, Thom. 632! 906! Var. 8, Z

Coast REGION : Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots —— MF io ‘gcaionl

Caledon Div.; mountains near Mie se Zeyher! Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek

Mountains, Burchell, 8071! Var. 8, Cape Div. ; Table Bay, Robertson! False

Bay, Robertson, g and?!

i a a id a

Restio.} RESTIACEE (Masters). 93

68. R. obtusissimus (Steud. Synops. ii. 252); stems 2 ft. high,

erect, terete, unbranched, olivaceous, with minute white spots ; leaf.

sheaths about 1 in. long, tightly convolute, coriaceous, with a thinner

margin, subulate, mucronate ; male spikelets 1-2-3 in linear eymes,

ined

segments anthers ovato-mucronate. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i.

296. R. digitatus, Nees in Linnea, v. as: ny Bri. iti. 410 ;

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii, 228, not of ‘Thunb

South ArRica: without locality, Drége, 22! Ecklon and Zeyher, Pi

Coast Reaion : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 1000 ft., MacOwan, b. Aust.-

Afr., 1673! anh ae Div.; Hottentots Holland, Zeyher! Beklon, 18!

Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8196! Schlechter 7221! Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloof,

Houw Hoek Mountains, Burche ll, 8072

This may prove to be a species of Pivotienis

69. R. saroclados (Mast. in DO. Monog. Phan. i. 291); stems

cespitose, erect, 18 in. high, terete, much branched ; branches erecto-

patent, purple- mottled ; leaf-sheaths about 4% in. long, slightly convo-

ae coriaceous, striate, with a long leafy acumen between two

membranous lobes ; female spikes solitary, 8-] in. long, cylindric,

lanceolate, finally " compressed, wedge-shaped ; spathe lanceolate,

coriaceous, striate, rather shorter than the spikelet ; bracts ulti-

mately sprea ing, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, decurrent at the

base ; perianth- -segments oblong, rather obtuse ; tateral conduplicate,

Villous-carinate ; inner smaller, thinner, involute at the mar, rgins ;

a roundish, with 3 styles ; capsule orbicular, compressed, 2-celled

abortion, surmounted by the remains of the styles.

eee Rreton: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Burchell, 572, 9! 605, ?!

- R. Rhodocoma (Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soc. x. 275) ; stems

ereet, stout, terete, 3-4 ft. high, olivaceous, puncticulate, subverti-

cillutely and repeatedly branching; ultim ~ branchlets filiform,

rather compr essed, erecto- grams ; lower sterile; upper spike-

bearin: ring ; si oe ths 1-12 in. long, ighily pace elliptic,

acuminate, coriaceous, nthinte, phen ent; upper margins deeply

hyaline ; > apex prolo onged into a long, ultimately deciduous awn ;

Smaller sri hs more or less felasosua’ ; male spikelets numerous, in

tin ymes, rarely solitary or two, usually forming a ae erect or

tony fowe '; Spathe oblong, coriaceous, membranous _ hear the

i=j

io")

Pye

gQ *

“

ro)

iz)

—

fa)

—

ia f tae teeta aristate; bracts oblong, coriaceous, shining

obinas @; apex su subulate, mucronate ; perianth-segments

ag obtuse, seid lateral conduplicate, with a piabbous keel ;

94 RESTIACEE (Masters). [ Restio.

anthers linear-oblong; female spikelets and bracts as in the male ;

flower solitary, quasi-terminal, longer than the bract; staal

strap-shaped ; ovary rounded, 3-celled ; styles 3 ; capsule coriaceous,

3-lobed, 3-celled; sceds large, trigonous. n DC. Monog.

Phan. i. 294, Rhodocoma, sand in Lindl. Nat. % oh ed. 2, 450;

Kunth, Enum, iii. 480. BR, capense, Nees cx oo Synops ii, 248.

R. Equisetum, Nees ex Mast. in Lak Linn. Sie

Reeron : Uitenhage Div.; Zwartkops ‘m9 cea an g and?!

i oa

Phage yr ee et Div.; Commadagga, Burchell, 3322, 3! —— a

ocks of Zwartwater airy Burchell, 3373 | Albany Div.; 2

Riskvek, Burchell, 3509 !

R. callistachyus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 400); stems 2-6 it.

spike-like cymes, each 1-2 lin. long ; spathe sheath-like, acuminate,

nearly equal to the spikelet; bracts ultimately spreading, oblong,

mucronate, subcoriaceous, brown; perianth-segments membranous,

blong, acute ; latera conduplicate, villous-carinate ; inner smaller ;

anthers linear, apiculate ; pistillodium minute; female spikelets 1-3,

about 3 in. long, oblong, flattened ; spathe oblong, cuspidate, half

the length of the spikelet; bracts ultimately spreading, oblong;

acuminate, rather flat, thin, wavy at the edges, dhentivot: brown;

perianth-segments as in the male, but broader; staminodes 9°;

ovary trigonous, dark chestnut, 2-celled y abortion ; a we s 3,

recurved. S

1: , ma . Con

Synops. ii. 251; Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 241. RB. “fastigite

Nees ex Mast. in Journ inn. Soe. Vili. Pats not nae ‘ie

Soura AFgica: without locality, Drége, 31,2! 32,¢! Burchell, 5812, 2!

oast RrGion: Tulbagh Div. ; j Winter Hoek n! Stellenbosch Div-s

Hottentots Hoiland, below 1090 , Zeyher! Caledon Div.; mountain oe

in the neighbourhood of ant sete River eet et Beg tt Herb. ars Aff.

tie g ani 9! Humansdorp Div.; mou omme Rive

ft., Drége, 30! north side of Kicmeas Bier, Punel 4843, 9! Uitenhage

, Ee “lon and Zeyher, 539, Bf

72. RB. spinulosus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 402); stem 2-3 ft. high,

y erect, terete, dull olive, striate, pein eeter branching in the

middle ; branches virgate, ascending, compressed ; leaf-sheuths 1 in.

wae closely conv i Pinus opr thinner at the margins, nerv030-

iate ; apex subulato-mueronate; male spikelets 1-1 in erech

eal spicate peeans each about 2 in. long, oblong, oltisatale :

2 a

‘ernetatid ; bracts loosely imbricate, ovate, oblong, ante: a

ucronate ; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse ; lateral condupli

Restio.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 95

villous-earinate ; intermediate flattish, with a prominent mid-nerve ;

anthers ovate; pistillode minute. Steud. Synops. ii. 253; Mast.

im DC. Monog. Phan. i. 292

Coast REGION : Uniondale Div.; between Welgelegen and Onzer, 1500-2000 ft.,

Drége, 37, g!

spikelets 5-12 in linear distiehous cymes, ea + in. long ;

spathe oblong-lanceolate, shortly pointed, about the length of the

oblong spikelet ; cts ultimately spreading at the tips, oblong-

lode minute; female flowers similar; ovary subtrigonous, obtuse.

Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. ii. 725; Spreng. Syst. i. 185, evel. syn. ; Kunth,

Enum. iii. 403; Nees in Linnea, v. 642; Steud. Synops. ii. 253 ;

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii, 249; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 290.

i VARS BR: major (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 249); stems more robust ;

leaves more developed ; spikelets nearly twice as large as in the type. Mast. in

Monog. Phan, i, 291

Souru Arrica : without locality, Var. B, Sieber, 224, $ and 3! :

EGION: Malmesbury Div.; Groeue Kloof, below 500 ft., Dréye, 34

ale, 1500.

14! George Div.; on the Post Berg, near George, Burchell, 5900, 3 !

Var. 8. Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 2200-3000 ft., Bolus, 4487, g and 2!

4370, 8! Burchell, 568, 9! Ecklon, 92, f! Cape Flats, Buchanan, 16l, 3!

arg? Cape Town, Drege, 48 partly, o and 9 !

netjes Gat., 2000-4000 ft., Zeyher, 4350, ¢!

Caledon Div. ; mountains near

: € margins ; anthers oblong, apiculate ; female spikelets

i Panicled cymes, each about 2 lin. long, oblong-ovate or tur pinate,

“flowered ; bracts and perianth as in the male; staminodes

96 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [ Restio.

ce re minute ; ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled; capsule 3- lobed, or

ba ae 2-1-celled, scarcely shorter than the persistent perianth.

"DC. Monog. Phan.i. 293. R. tetragonus, 2 ange sat Nees

at heely / Scheenus capensis, Burmann, Fl. Cap. Prod. 3.

Equisetum, Breyn. Exot. Pl. Cent. 176, t. 91.

So hee AFRICA: Hiboacs deem 8 Pappe; 96,9! Drége, 364c! Niven, ?!

Coast Region : Cap ; Table Mountain, Ecklon! vicinity of Cape Town,

Burehell, 408, ¢!

Variable in stature.

5. R. debilis (Nees in Linnea, v. 641); stems czespitose ; branches

ascending, very slender, minutely puncticulate ; leaf-she aths 3-1 in,

long, closely convolute, coriaceous, striate, membranous and 2- lobed

above; apex subulate, mucro nate ; male spikelets numerous, in an

erect, "linear cyme, each about 1 lin. long, oblong, erect ; spathe

aristate, nearly as long as the spikelet; bracts oblong, obtuse,

membranou h i

s at the apex, icous or mucronulate; perianth-

segments linear-oblong; lateral conduplicate, wi villous

ke anthers oblong, apiculate; pistillode minute; female

spikelets solitary or few, ovoid, 2 lin. long; bracts ovate-oblong,

mucronulate; per ianth-segments oblong, obtuse; lateral con-

duplicate, vllous-eatinat inner oblong, spathulate, wider than

the outer; ovary on g, obtuse ; styles 3. Kunth, Enum. iil.

412; Steud. S, pope ii. 254; Ma st. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 250;

DC. Monog. Phan. i. 290.

Zaye Region: Caledon Div.?; “near Knoblauch” (=Knoflooks Kraal?),

Imperfectly known species.

6. BR. § (Mast.) ; stems much branched; branches very

slender, ascending, terete, greyish-olive, sachet coarsely tubercled;

leaf-sheaths * in. long, tightly convolute, coriaceous, nervoso-striate 5

upper edges “brow wn, membranous; apex ta apering into a lanceolate,

acuminate or mucronate process; spikelets } in. long ; linear-oblong,

solitary, terminal, or 5-7 in linear cymes; spathe sheath-like, halt

the length of the spikelet ; bracts exceeding the flowers, oblong-

lanceolate, with a thin white margin; peria anth compressed ; segments

cartilaginous, Pipa -oblong ; outer lateral conduplicate ; inner

shorter; ovary 3-styled.

j oe Re@ion: Cape Div.; eastern slopes of Table Mountain, 2600 ft., Bolws,

cymes, each espe ees Sin, long, lin Suan ed oso

spikelet ; i lindde-gblaag acute, havin at the margins,

Ree ere

Restio.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 97

blackish-brown, exceeding the shortly stipitate flowers ; perianth-

segments linear-oblong; two outer lateral conduplicate, glabrous ;

three inner equal, flattish, membranous, shorter than the outer;

anthers blackish, apiculate ; pistillode minute, 3-styled.

SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Zeyher !

This plant, of which the female is not known, is very different from R. distichus.

78. R.? sejunctus (Mast.); stems erect, 2-3 ft. high, terete, flabellately

branched ; branches slender, ascending, olivaceous, somewhat coarsely

tubercled ; leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long, closely convolute, coriaceous,

spotted, hyaline near the apex, and ending in a subulate muero ; male

spikelets numerous, loosely arranged in linear, erect cymes, each spike-

half the length of the spikelet ; bracts coriaceous, oblong-ovate,

nearly as long as the oblong, somewhat triquetrous flowers ; periant

1; lin. long, cartilaginous; outer lateral segments oblong, acute,

villous-carinate ; intermediate flattish, glabrous; inner mel

branous, subequal, shorter than the outer; anthers linear ovoid ;

pistillode very minute.

Eastern Re@ion: Natal, Bolton !

The specimen is in the herbarium of the British Museum, and a sre ae at

Kew. No other species of Restio is known at present to grow in Natal.

ranous; ovary roundish, 2-lobed by abortion, dehiscing at the

angles.

das 1 Reaion: Cape Div,; in a valley near Table Mountain, 2800 ft., Bolus,

i. Fn] ? .

rownish, coriaceous, exceeding the flowers; outer perianth-segments

Coast Region: At the summit of Winterhoek Mountain, near Tulbagh,

8500 ft., Bolus, 7495, 2 !

VOL. Vir, u

98 RESTIACEE aera a:

shining ; bracts imbricate, ovat embranous, with whitish or

scarious = Kunth, Sia: iii. i. Ald: Mast. in DC. Monog.

Phan, i

‘tia minor (Mast. § in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 296) ; panicles and spikelets smaller.

Sour Arsgica, in Lamarck’s herbarium at Paris, I have not seen this plant.

82. R. eS (Thunb. Diss. Rest. 18). A monstrous form

of some species of Willdenovia. Thunb. in Usteri, Delect. i. 52;

Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 88; Kunth, Enum. iii. 414; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soe, xiv. 418.

83. R. micans (Nees in Linnea, v. 649). Under this name Nees

escribes some imperfect specimens nae : ep unable to identify.

Thamnochortus micans, Kunth, Enum. iii.

Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats near arent collector not men-

tioned.

4. R. simplex (Forst. ex Thunb. Diss. Rest. 16). This has been

wrongly stated by Kunth (Enum. iii. 414) to be a South African

species, but according to Thunberg it is a native of New Zealand (see

Thunb. in Usteri, Delect. i. rad and 57 in note). On p. 51, under

i. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 87; Kunth, Enum. iii. 414 ;

in te. Iinn. Soc. xiv. 418.

Il. ASKIDIOSPERMA, Stend.

Outer perianth-segments subequal, oblong-lanceolate; _ lateral

realy pot Dee ig inner — flattish, longer than the

narrow, strap-shaped. Capsule 2-lobed, 2-

called, dchiaving ® iheetiaile. Seed pendulous,

Male unknown,

Distris, Endemic.

1, A. capitatum (Steud, Synops, ii. 257); stem simple, erect,

terete, slender, dull olive-coloured, wrinkled; leaf-sheaths about } in-

i . : . =e i

Askidiosperma. | RESTIACEZE (Masters). 99

long, loosely sabia deciduous, blueish-green, membranous and

Jacerate at the apex; inflorescence a solitary terminal spike, about

1 in. long ; onal oblong, with very long tails, coriaceous, with hyaline,

‘leeply laciniate margins. Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soc. x. 247

DC. Monog. Phan. i. 304, t. 1, fig. 32-36

Coast Raion : Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder Bergen, at Ezels Bank, 3000-4000

ft., Drége, 2510, 9!

III. DOVEA, Kunth.

Flowers more or less 3-sided, longer than the subtending bract.

Perianth-segments 6, in 2 rows; outer lateral eonduplicate,

carinate ; inner longer, oblong-acute. Stamens 3. Pistillode

with rudiments of 3 styles, or absent. Female perianth similar.

Staminodes narrow, strap-shaped, or none. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled.

Stigmas 3, sessile, revolute, plumose on the inner surface. Frutt

hard, capsular, 3-lobed, 3-celled, idedek at the angles. Seed

reat cai igcata from the inner eon of each cell. Testa mem-

Perennial h herbs; stems springing from a rootstock covered with sheaths

upper sheaths deciduous ; male and female inflorescence mostly alike, spicately or

paniculately c baa female les s branched, often with om flat, fi ersistent

Spathes; spathes of male igtlorbecss nee caducons, convex, not greatly exceeding

the primary pele, of the inflorescence; spikelets 1-2-flowered.

DistRis. Endemic.

rerio inflorescence elongate, linear, ee 3-6 in.

coy (QA) Cee

Male inflorescence dense, short, spicate, 1-2 co 2) ¢ cylindrostachy *

a ate

e wigntio ence rather loose, linear fasion ) (3) hookerians.

Male i fidirrenesisies “elongate, loose, linear, paniculate,

-8 in. long:

Male inflorescence _ ea (4) recta.

Male inflo > den

racts and avaitiaesinolte ovate, acute we @) —, vA

Sorted and perianth-segments roundish ... ... (6) macrocarpa.

racts and perianth — s acute :

Staminodes 3 ; fruit not constricted .. eer (7) ebracteata.

Staminodes 0; fruit enor constri ‘

above the middle : (8) Bolusi.

oS i et ara liniear-lanceolate ; _periantheseg- (9) panic alata.

Br he ents

ets subeoiacous, ‘younded ; periant segm * (10) racemosa.

Bracts Ghia ng, acum inate 5 perianth-segments

- acuminate; plant very robus = (11) mucronata.

racts and oieengigh se; ae ovate, ‘obtuse 5

plant very robust 298 mn . (12) thyrsoidea.

: 1. D. tectorum (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 249) ; stems 2-3 it

long, emepitone, erect, simple, — of the thickness of a crow-qui

100 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [Dovea.

puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths closely convolute, deciduous; spikelets

se, erect, terminal, linear, much-

flo

series longer than the outer; anthers apiculate; female flowers

similar to the males, with 3 liguliform staminodes ; ovary arr }

capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. 06.

Restio tectorum, Linn. Suppl. 425, and in his fnbundey Rk.

tectorum, B and y, Thunb. Herb. ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv.

417. Restio nudus, vars.a and B, Nees in Linnwa, v. 651 ezel. Syn.

Elegia racemosa, Pers. Synops. ii. ne Kunth, Enum. iii. 463.

Coast REGION: er illiam Div. ; ie, apt ad below 500 ft., Drége, 2506 !

Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Thunder it Bur "428! 824, 3! ) Patton, 309,

Burke! MacOwan, ie rb, Austr.-Afr., 1874! eden Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw

Hoek Mountains, Burchell , 8127!

ASTERN REGION : Nataly Rehmann, 8596! locality probably an error,

. D. cylindrostachya (Mast.); stems cespitose, 15-18 in. long,

Gaeuiet of the thickness of a crow-quill, erect, terete, dark olive,

obsoletely puncticulate, clothed at the base with numerous crowded,

overlapping, deep chestnut-coloured, shining scales, the lowest

upwards; leaf-s numerous, remote, deciduous; male =

female inflorescence in dense, terminal, spicate eymes, 1-14 in. long

spathe oblong, shorter than the inflorescence ; bracts aiatecinieaetiahss ;

flowers 2 lin. long, trigonous; outer perianth- -segments linear-oblong,

glabr aia coriaceous ; inner brown, twice the length of the outer,

surrounded by 3 staminodes.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Drége, 9605, 9! Thom, 908, 9!

3. D, hookeriana (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 249); stems

eae: 1}-2 ft. long, rigid, erect, simple filiform, pea solid, slightly

ed, puneticulate ; ; leaf-sheaths closely convolute, deciduous,

elliptic, coriaceous, membranous above, apex mucronato-aristate ;

male spikelets numerous, one lin. long, in erect, linear, slightly

branched, panicled cymes, 1}~3 in. long; spathes deciduous ; bracts

2 lin. long; perianth-segments rigid, ferruginous; outer 3 a, es

boat-shaped, oblong-acute ; inner similar, but ; longer ; ; anthers apicu

late ; pistillode with 3 rudimentary styles ; female plant like the

male ; spikelets roundish, the size of a small pea, in linear, spicifor™

cymes ; spathes open, sheath-like ; ran ovate-mnenonebty the lower

ones sterile ; staminodes 3; capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled, dehiscing

Dovea.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 101

at the angles, surmounted by the remains of 3 styles. Mast.

ia DC. Monog. Phan. i. 306. Restio tectorum, a, Thunb. Herd.

ex Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soc. xiv. 417.

Sours Arrica: without locality, Thom, 901 and 1621, ¢! 632, 9!

oast REGION: Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Mountains,

Burchell, 8062, 3!

4, D. recta (Mast.); rhizome creeping, giving off tufts of erect,

wiry, terete, very slender stems, 10-12 in. high ; basal sheaths per-

sistent, oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, chestnut-brown, closely con-

volute; upper sheaths deciduous, subulate, mucronate; male

inflorescence a loose, linear, spiciform panicle; spathes short, deci-

uous; flowers sessile, or shortly pedicellate, loosely approximate ;

spathe oblong-mucronulate, rather shorter than the spikelet ; bracts

oblong, acute, scarcely as long as the perianth; outer segments

iinéax“oblong, acute, glabrous, shorter than the inner; anthers

inear,

OAST REGIoN: Caledon Div.; between Donker Hoek and Houw Hoek

Mountains, Burchell, 8007, 3!

5. D. aggregata (Mast.); stems erect, cylindrical, as thick as a

goose-quill, simple, 2-3 ft. long, faintly puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths

deciduous ; female inflorescence a spicate panicle, 2-3 in. long ;

Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; near Cape Town, Zeyher! Caledon Div. ; Gena-

dendal, 3000-4000 ft., Drége, 1622, 9?!

6. D. macrocarpa (Kunth, Enum. iii. 458); stems 2-3 ft.

ong; terete or rather compressed, slightly branched, greenish

puncticulate ; sheaths 1-2 in. long, oblong, mucronate, deciduous ;

male spikelets numerous, blackish, in terminal, oblong, erect, spicate

: ; spikelets 1-2 lin. long, roundish; spathes

deciduous ; bracts ovate, coriaceous, membranous at the margins ;

male flowers somewhat 3-sided, twice the length of the bracts ; outer

lateral perianth-segments boat-shaped, oblong-obtuse, coriaceous,

with membranous margins ; inner three equal, concave, twice the

length of the outer; female spikelets 2-5, each about }—} in. long. ;

bracts ovate, acute, coriaceous, nervoso-striate; perianth-segments

rigid, oblong-acute; inner longer; capsule longer than the per-

sistent perianth, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; seed solitary, large, with a white

minutely ribbed testa. Steud. Synops. ii. 248; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soe. x. 250; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 307. R. nudus, var.

Pauciflurus, Nees in Linnea, v. 651.

Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder Bergen, Zeyher, 1740, g and 9!

102 RESTIACEX (Masters). [ Dovea.

i earn Div. ; near hei creieh Kloof, Dickson in Herb. Bolus, 4243, 9! sa :

ils betw n Pretor’s a d Piquiniers Kicof, 1000-1500 ft., Drege, 2528, 9!

Ponders. 1500-3000 ft, Drége, 2507, 3! Paes Tn

%. D. ebracteata (Kunth, Enum. iii. 458); stems cespitose,

12-18 in. long, covered at the base with deep brown scales, erect,

terete, caiienchad sheaths alternately deciduous, 14 in. long, loosely

convolute, deep brown, coriaceous, thinner towards the obtuse apex,

aristulate ; male spikelets numerous in terminal, erect, spicate cymes

about 1 in. ne bracts ovate-subulate, mucronate, coriaceous,

shorter than the flowers, which are about 1 line long, trigonous ;

e 0

plant as in the male; perianth-segments cartila,

ovate, acute, mucronulate ; inner flat; capsule 3-lobed, longer than

the. persistent perianth. eh re ii, 248; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soe. x, 250; DC. Phan. i. 308. 4D. mierocarpa,

Kunth, Enum. iii. 459 ; nes pups vi. 248; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soe. x. 248.

Souta ARCs without Sent Sieber, 232,9! Drége, 9602, ¢!

ida Reeion: Cape Div. e Mo untain, Milne, 236, 3! parapet By

438, ¢! Burche li, 124, 9! wae ry 567,¢! Bolus, 4145, 3 and?! Dréy

72,3! Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, Drége, 72 ?, g! 4, 3!

8. D. Bolusi (Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soc. xxi. 576); stems 18 in.

long, cespitose, slender, erect, terete, unbranched, covered at the

oblong, 1 line long and upwards ; outer perianth-segm

cular, acute; inner similar but longer ; pistillode minute, "3-atyled ;

female flower like et male ; staminodes none; ovary 0 oblong, :

styles

Coast sabe : Cape Div.; Muizenberg, 1600 ft., Bolus, 3909, 9! 3910, 3!

This differs from D. ebracteatain the smaller proportions of all its parts.

cwespitose, zu ft. lon

stipitate, trigonous ; outer

rianth-segments oblong acuminate, of parehment ike consistence >

inner similar but longer; female infloresce bout 2 in. long,

compact, alos, slightly branched, with few wpilesiaee' spathes and

spathelle (bracts) as in the male ; outer perianth-se gments horny,

Dovea.] RESTIACEZ (Masters), 108

in shape as in the male; staminodes none; ovary oblong, obtuse,

3-lobed, 3-celled ; cells 1- ovuled ; style thickened at the base; f ruit

trigonous, dehiscent

Coast pariah Tulbagh net on the Witsen Berg, near Tulbagh, Burchell,

8719, ¢! Worcester Div. Dutoits pena 3000-4000 ft., Drége, 125 5,9!

1643, 3 and 9! 1651, ¢! Vivek tein mts. near rig Kloof, pecan ge fi

Bolus, 4082, ¢! 4098, f! 4081,9! 409 7, O!

Ceres, 2400 ft., Bolus, 5298, 3! ’Galedon Div. ; ; ‘ete Vile sa Breach

~ Bol 7483, A

Fe Tig with Sieber’s henna No. 232 under D. aes acteata, Kth., but it is

certainly not the oe as Sieber’s plant, ae nl. ly belongs to the present

species. The two are easily ERAT yy the colour of the annular persistent

bases of the stem- sbatie: which are black in D. ebractea mi, whilst in D. piaicstate

they are brown, and often sacle darker than the ste

10. D. racemosa (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 578); stems

eye 2-3 ft. long erect; terete, or slightly aes nines cat

ie spathes numerous ne 21 in, gr ‘flat, ‘shlong, ates ok coriaceous,

minutely tuberculate, with membranous margins, shining on

inner surface ; bracts oblong-obtuse, mucronulate, shorter than the

oblong- obtuse. flowers ; outer perianth-segmen s oblong, obtuse,

membranous; inner lon nger and narrower; female inflorescence

(according to Lamarck’s figure) like the male; perianth-segments

acute ; ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled. Restio racemosus, Lam. Encyel.

Meth. vi. 177; Lam. a. iii, 400, ¢. 804, jig.

oe AFRICA: neg” locality, Thom, 904 !

0aAsT REGION: Cupe ; Table Mo untain, Burchell, 574, 3h! Worcester

Div. Dutoits Kloof, 3000 000 ft., Drége, 1647,3! Culedon Div.; Nie

Kloof, Houw Hoek Mou oe Burchell, 8067, 3! Riversdale Div. ; ai ees

of the Lang 6 eben udae + Kate sche Berg. above the waterfall at “V Valley Riv

Poort,” alias 11,6999, g! Uitenhage Das rocky clefts near the top Witteklip

Mountain bh Wactinge, 2150, 3!

vce checahags (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 251) ; stem

of the little. finger, cinnamon-brown ; upper leaf-sheaths 4 in. long,

on the inner face ; male spikelets very numerous, arranged in

dense, much branched, panicled cymes, 2-3 in. long, with numerous

ae, ie sheath- like spathes, each saat ahoos 1 line long,

similar, _ alled,

104 RESTIACEH (Masters). [Dovea.

surmounted by the remains of the cells, dehiscent at the angles;

seed solitary, pendulous from the inner angle of each cell of the

capsule; testa mem mbranous, with prominent wany, ridges. Mast.

im DC. Monog. Phan. i. 808, t. 2, figs. 1-6, t. 5, fig. 6. Restio

mucronatus, Nees in Linnea, v. 660. Llegia mucronata, Reich. ex

Nees in > ibis v. ib cee Enum. lil. #195, Steud. pha: a

Souta Arrica: without locality, Masson! Zeyher

Coast Reeton: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, ‘3600 ft., Bolus, 2878, 3!

4468,9! Burchell, 563, g apt ere 514, g!

Dutoits Kloof, 3000-40 000 ft.. Drége, 34.3! hive nas Div.; Lange Bergen

near Riversdale, 1800 ft., Schlechter, 1915, dand 9! and near aaa Berg,

Burchell, 7026, g and 9! '

2. D. thyrsoidea (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 251); stems —

wet simple erect, 3-4 ft. long, terete or rather compressed, grey, —

impresso-punctieulate ; sheaths loosely convolute, somewhat persistent, — 4

elliptic, coriaceous, brown, puncticulate, studded with minute pits ;

male inflorescence densely cymose, 2-3 in. long; pedicels 2, unequal,

i ; bracts ovate-concave, as long

acute, boat-shaped, rigid ; inner oblong-obtuse, longer than the

outer; female plant as in the male; inflorescence erect linear-

oblong, 5—6 in. long, ieee numerous large, convolute, sheath- ae

spathes ; n the male; ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled,

mounted by 3 revolute atisisa capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled, acho

at the angles and surrounded by the sone: acerescent perianth ;

seed oblong, testa in wavy folds. Mast. in DC. Monoy. Phan. 1-

309.

Coast Reeton: George Div.

3; summit of Post Berg, near George, Burchell,

5895, gand

pga ree

inner segments are nearly equal. Stamens 3; anthers 1-celled.

Pistilloce when present minute, 3-styled. Female flower : Ovary

l-celled, l-seeded ; styles 2-3, linear, distinct. Fruit triangular,

indehiscent.

ush-like herbs with creeping or tufted rootstock; leaf-sheaths generally

deciduous and leaving a black annular scar,

Distris. Endemic,

eames Manica :

Tufl

escence 6-8 in. long... ss bas ... (1) verticillaris.

icucenes 1-3 in. long _... te me ... (2) equisetacea.

Worcester Div.3

hearers ) oi

aiceeg tt

Elegia.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 105

Branches, if present, not verticillat

tem oss in (at least when ‘ry):

Leaf-sheaths sub-persisten

ge ‘comedies perianth-seg-

= oblon (3) coleura.

eo ;_perianth-segments acute (4) glauca.

Leaf-sheaths caduc

Inflorescence 12 2 in, long, ovoid; bracts

paren os a wee 3-lobed ... (5) thyrsifera,

ichemmenncs 2-3 ong, linear; some-

what gy paniels

Bra and panes aS acu-

min (6) acuminata

Bracts and perianth-segments acute (7) coined

Spathes ovate-oblong, acute ; “=

and per fanth-sogments obtu (8) propingua.

Lidonesiaes linear, 1-— G5 bails

panicled, with persistent ovate-lanceo-

ate spathes .. (9) juncea,

Inflorescence 1-4 in . long, linear, Panicle,

very dense ; spathes subcaduco

aie: pa er entire.. » cuspidata.

Bra e; margins lacera 11) asperifiora.

Stem terete, fistular rat wt E. th ire ine Gy Astuloes,

Stem filiform, wiry, solid, except in EB. parviflora:

Inflorescence rarely exceeding 3 in bes length

subpersistent, conspi 8

obatoes creeping ; ovary heal .. (13) squamosa,

ootstock czespitose ; ovary smooth ., . (14) vaginulata.

perianth-segments acute... _ (15) deusta.

rianth-segments obtuse .., 2 6) filacea,

balletssniiiae fad ale) 1 — in. long:

Sheaths aca sak flat 17) stipularis.

Sheaths persistent, convolute ~ OB} obtusifiora

yen veer ey perianth-segments

Stam satniars eer “hihhasere

20) parviflora.

; pe a v (21) rigida,

may oe or inconspicuou

hs persistent ; tall aessonis ,

P linear ose . (22) Verreauxii.

heaths deciduous :

nflorescence den: are om nuda.

Inflorescence iatoriael ... (24) elongata.

1. £ verticillaris (Kunth, Enum. iii. 471); stems tall, solid,

white-spotted, aig off numerous thread-like, sinc “branchlets “

convolute o T open, coriaceous, with two hyaline lobes at the apex,

shortly mucronate ; male imilar, 6-8 in. long,

106 RESTIACES (Masters). [ Hlegia.

much branched, linear-paniculate, cymose, many-flowered, interspersed

ith numerous, deciduous, sheath-like spathes; bracts shorter than

the flowers, bro ovate, acute, hyaline at the tips; perianth-

the outer; fruit 3-sided, with 3 styles, indehiscent, 1-seeded, sur-

rounded at the base by ‘the persistent oe Mast. in Journ.

Tinn. Soc. x. 244; . Monog. n. i, 351. Restio vertt-

eillaris, Linn. f. Suppl. 425; Steud. S, nei, ii. 262; Linn. Herb.

outH AFRICA: without locality, Masson! Mund and Maire, 9! Harvey!

a ,

ast REGION : Clanwilliam Div.; Oliphants River, Zeyher, J and?!

Worces iv.; Bain : ft., Bolus, 4101,9! Dutoits Kloof, 3000-

00 ft., Drége, 1609, gand?! mountains above Worcester, , 2568.

Caledon Div.; banks of th t River, near Genadendal, Krauss, ? l-

lendam Div.; mountain ridges along the lower part of Zonder Hinde River,

500- bs —_ 44,gand9! Riversdale Div.; lower part he

Lange Bergen, about the waterfall at ‘‘ Valley Rivers Poort,” near Kauipsche

Berg, Burchell, 6992, Zand 9! Mossel Bay Div.; Attaquas Bloor, Thunbery !

Humansdorp Div. ; north side of Kromme River, Burchell, 4845, 2!

2. E. equisetacea (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 583);

2-3 ft. long, terete, olivaceous, white-spotted, simple or at Br

branched at the nodes ; branches again verticillately ramulose ; leaf-

sheaths 11 in., spreading ; male spikelets numerous, linear-oblong

45 i ; i

acuminate ; perianth jin. long ; outer segments linear-oblong, shorter

than the inner; anthers a apiculate ; female inflorescence 3—4 in. long,

linear-oblong, spicate-cymose ; flowers three-sided ; perianth-segments

nearly equal, linear-oblong ; fruit ovoid, somewhat 3- cornered, aS

long as the persistent perianth, 1-cell ed. l-seeded. Llegia

pinqua, Kunt » var. oo Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. x. 242

DC. Monog. Phan.

1000. ft., D » do! ‘al on Div.; near — ioe ysial 116!

Swellendam (sage 0 ousigian near Swellendam, Ecklon and Zeyher! at the ws

of the Lange Bergen, near Swellendam, Burchel ll, 7429, 91 Uitenhage Div. ;

the Van Stadens Berg nearest Galgebosch, Burchell, 4715, g!

3. E. coleura (Nees ex Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan.

rootet

i. 358) ;

tetock creeping; stems erect, gone flattened ; ——

loosely convolute, subpersistent, 1-11 in. long, coriaceous, membrano

Hlegia.| RESTIACEE (Masters). 107

at the oh ae acute, Spee oe — ee 13-2} in. fees:

Becks seven half the length of the inner; female inflorescence

oblong, 1-12 in. long, spicately or subpaniculately cymose ; flowers

ovoid, 1 line long ; perianth-segments subequal, ovate, mucronate,

asperulate ; hea ovoid, trigonous ; ; styles (2%) 3. Mast. in Journ.

Linn, Soc. xxi. 586.

al AFRICA: without locality, mal de 9599, as to the male specimen !

AST REGION: mien eat Div. ; Ceder Bergen, on. sand flats near Pacete:

8000 ft., Drége, 2519! Cape Di v.; Cape Flats, Ecklon and Zeyher! near

Fiablinach, Burchell, — Table Mountain, Burchell, 571, d! Paarl ee

bank of the erg Rive er in Klein Drakenstein Mouutwins, below 500 ft., Drege,

‘nl as fil hod male specien Tulbagh Div.; Tulbagh, Zeyher’ Worcester

above Worcester, vn 2570, 6 ! 2571! Caledon Div.;

Binadentat, "30004000 ft., Drége, 1638, ¢!

4. E. glauca (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 579); stems caspi-

tose, 2-3 ft. long, erect, slightly branched, compressed, solid, glaucous ;

leat-sheaths persistent, 11 in. long, loosely convolute, subcoriaceous,

ames ous at the margins, mucronato-aristate ; male inflorescence

about 1 in. long, oblong, compact, spicately cymose, with oblong,

flat, nt ad spathes, the smaller ones with very long spreading awns ;

spikelets many-flowered ; flowers rather more than 1 line long,

4st Region: Worcester Div.; mountains above Worcester, Rehmann, 2564,

rhe Stellenbosch Div.; Hottentots Holland Mountain r Grietjes Gat,

Bolus, 4221, 2! Riversdale Div.; summit of Kampsche Bar. Bur chell, 7105, 3

5. E. thyrsifera (Pers. Syn. ii. 607, excl. syn.); stems erect,

slightly compressed, simple, sent writkiod:: leaf-sheaths 12 in.

One loosely convolute, chestnut-coloured, shining on the inner sur-

; male inflorescence 21 in. long, oblong, densely paniculate-

eymose; spathes oblong, flattened, about 1 in. lon ng; flowers ovoid,

I line long ; bract. suborbicular, navicular, shorter than the flower

Oner perianth. -segments oblon , obtuse, glabrous ; inner dindibe!

but twice the length; female inflorescence 14-2 in. long, compact,

oveld, paniculate- -cymose; spathes oblong, ovate, flat, coriaceous,

purple-spotted ; Spathellee much shorter, with long tapering points ;

hal mene nly 3 in. long, slightly compressed, straight ; perianth-

= subequal ; subcoriaceous, lanceolate; inner thinner,

scarcely shorter ; fruit oblong, obtuse, 3-winged, econ by the

Persistent perianth. Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 585. Restio

108 RESTIACEH (Masters). [ Hlegia.

rip hi Rottboll, Prog. 11; Deseript. et Icon. Rar. 8, ¢. 3,

fig. 4

SourH AFRICA: mpeent locality, Masson, g in British Museum! Koenig, ?

in Rottboll’s Herbarium

6. E. acuminata (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 580) ;

exspitose, 2-6 ft. high, simple, erect, compressed, solid ; Pi

deciduous ; male inflorescence 2-3 in. long, densely paniculate-cymose,

Sie erect a with numerous flat, elliptie, sub-

pres

half whe length of the inner, oblong, Ssiay segme te; fi male inflor-

escence as in the male; pained all equal, cartilaginous,

chestnut-coloured, oblong, mucronate, 1 line and upwards in length;

ovary obovoid, acutely 3-winged ; stigmas 3.

Sourn AFRICA: ay locality, Thom,?! Drége, 104, ¢!

Coast REGION: iv. ; Table ountain above Kirstenbosch, 2400 tt.,

Bolus, 4640, ¢ and 2! ! Swellendam Div.; at the foot of the Lange Bergen near

eee Burchell, 7435, $! Riversdale Div.; lower part of the Lange

Bergen, about the waterfall at “ Valley Rivers Poort,” near Kampsche Berg;

Burchell, 3098, 3g and 9?!

7. E. membranacea (Kunth, Enum. iii, 474); stems cespitose,

erect, 2-3 ft. high, terete, solid, thinly puncticulate, simple oT

searcely branched; sheaths deciduous; male inflorescence linear-

oblong, erect, 2-3 i in, long, loosely paniculate cymose, with numerous,

chlong-lanoeat, flat, chartaceous spathes ; spikelets many-flowered ;

perianth straight ; outer segments ovate, acute, half the length of

the similar inves female. inflorescence wedge-shaped ; perian nth-

segments equal, acute, mueronulate ; fruit pytiform, 3 3-sided, shining

black, smooth. Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 581. Restio mem-

year Nees in Linnea, v. 657.

st Reaion: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, ae 836 partly, t! Zeyher,

é; Soe 564, g and 9! Cape Town, Harvey, 200, 3!

8. E. a ae — Enum. iii. 473) ; rootstoek czspitose ;

stems 2-3 ft. high, ascending, sean solid, lightly rugose sulcate,

Reng ohh oh than 1 in. long, loosely convolute, oblong,

Pe Hap Hew: mucronulate, ultimately deciduous; male inflorescence

2 in. long, oblong, densely paniculate-cymose, with elliptic acute

sheath-like shining brown spathes ; flowers ovoid, stipitate, scarcely

2 in. long, exeeeding the ovate-obtuse bract ; nee ’ perianth-segments

oblong, ol tuse; inner similar in pe, but twice the length;

anthers apiculate; female inflorescence oblong, in spike-like cymes,

about 1 in, long, spathes shleig Iabbsblats 7 lees than 1 in. long;

setsiivik shining, black, ‘puncticulate, surmounted by ee Steud.

Synops. i. 261; Mast. in. Journ, Linn. S800, x. 242; xxi. 582;

Elegia.)] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 109

DC. Monog. Phan.i. 356. e Kraussii, Hochst. in Flora, 1845,

340. Restio propinquus, Nees in Linnea, v. 653. R. erectus, Nees

in Linnea, v. 655, excluding pa not of Thunb.

Var. minor (Mast.) ; smaller in all parts.

pee AFRICA: without locality, Bergius ! Drége, 113! Thom, 1023!

Re@ion: Cape Div.; Camps wie Burchell, 353, 3! Table Mountain,

Reklon: MacGillivray, 432,92! Drége, 89! Lion n Mountain, Ecklon. Worcester

IV. 5 rakenstein mountains near Bains Kloof, 1600-2000 ft., Bolus,

4087,2! Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft , Drége, 112! 120 partly ! Stellenbosch

iv.; Hottentots Holland, Zeyher ! Cuedan Div. ; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoe

Mountains, Burchell, 8066! Humansdorp Div. ; Kromme River, below oa

rege, 115! Uitenhage Div.; sides of Winter Hoek Mountains, Krauss. Port

Elizabeth Div.; Witte Klip near Port Elizabeth, MacOwan, 2152! 2153!

ar. minor, Cape Div. ; Flats near Rondebosch, Burchell, 822, 3!

. E. juncea (Linn. Mant. alt. 297, and in herb. !) ; stems cxspi-

tose, 3-4 ft. high, solid, erect, simple or slightly branched, terete

or rather compressed, puncticulate, faintly ‘gyrose-suleate ; sheaths

deciduous; male inflorescence by in. long, linear-oblong, compact,

oblong-obtuse, scans shorter ae the cure: Aad

Segments linear-oblong, subequal ; is linear-clavate, somewhat

3-sided, as long as the perianth. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan, i. 857 ;

Journ. Li inn. Soc. x. 241; xxi. 583, Elegia juncea, Kunth,

Masters and others, all in part and with doubtful synonymy. Restio

legia, Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 13, 738. Restio thyrsifer, Lam. Eneyel.

Meth. vi. 177 ; Il. iii, 399, ¢. 804, fig. 3, hig aoe “

SourH i bei with 4. ! Harvey, 3

REGION : Ca ta gM eA ped le "00 ft i ‘inca a 3! 4457, ?!

Table Mountain, 1800 tt., Bolus, 2884! Cape Town, Rehmann, 1455, 3! beta ieg

nh +3 Mountains fe ery vicinity of New Kloof, near 2 Tulleth; 1000 ft., MacO

erb. Aust.- Afr., ! Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek "Mo dintalue,

Burchell, 8132, bt aaliploes Tower, 3000-4000 ft , Zeyher, 4340, 9 !

10. E, cuspidata (Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soe. x. 240) ; stems about

3 ft. high, sl compressed, olive-coloured, puncticulate ; eaf-

sheaths 2-3 in. lon , loosely convolute, elliptic, mucronate, ulti-

mately dee diag, ti spikelets very numerous, densely compacted

in terminal spike-like or panicled cymes, 13-3 in. long, with

rumerous, open, sheath-like, ultimately deciduous spathes; bracts

broadly ovate, coriaceous, brow n, ending in long spreading awns ;

OWwerg three-sided ; outer perianth-segments equal, rigid, oblong,

acute, boat-shaped, l-nerved, glabrous ; inner oblong-lanceolate,

longer th the outer; anthers oblong, apiculate ; female in-

florescence generally less branched than the male; ; bracts an

th-segments as in the male; fruit oblong, 3-sided, shining

110 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [ Hlegia.

black, pnenae here the vestiges of the styles. Mast. in DC.

Monog. Phan. i. 354,

Coast i. : Cape Div.; False Bay, Robertson! Table Mountain, Milne,

2383! Simon’s Bay, MacGillivray, 437,92! Wright, 484, 3!

i. 2. oi ao (Kunth, ei iii. 474); stems 2-3 ft. high,

crespitose, covered at the base with scales, erect, ‘compressed, simple or

sparingly Setuhes branches ascending, purple- spotted ; leaf-sheaths

ovate-oblong, hyaline and lacerate at the margins, tapering at the

apex into a long acumen; flowers 3-sided, shortly stalked ; outer

perianth-eeymetits equal, oblong, boat-shaped, pale brown, ciliolate,

less branched ; bracts oblong, with a long acumen; perianth-segments

' boat-shaped, oblong-lanceolate, ciliolate; inner scarcely exceeding

the outer; fruit 3-cornered, turbinate, surmounted by traces of

three styles. Steud. Synops. ii. 262; Mast. in J Linn.

Soe. x. pre DC. Monog. Phan. i i. 355, t. 3, fig. 29-32, and t. 5,

Jig. 14. E. dregeana, Kunth, ‘Bau ili, 469. Restio asperiflorus,

Nees in Linnea, ¥ . 656.

ev Arrica: without locality, Drége, 106! 107! 9599, as to the female

specimen

soe ge “Ruoi0s : Clanwilliam Div.; Wupperthal, oo 1648, as to the

female specimen! Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, ss Tulbagh Div.; mountains

of i. Kloof, 1000-2000 ft. , Drage, 1641, cn Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon

and er, 1 Worcester Div.; mountains shove Wes reester, Rehmann, 2563 !

Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drege, 1640, 9! Culedon Div.; Nieuw Kloof,

Pee Hoe ek Mountains, Burche <e 8057, 9! 8140, g and 2! Caledon Div.;

"00°F :

Sterna Vet River pry Kioubohs | River, Burchell, 1179. & and 2! Uniondale

Div. ; between Welgelegen and Onzer, 1500-2000 ft., Drege, 102, ¢! Bathurst

Div.; near Port Alfred, Burchell, 3996 partly, 3!

EGION: Little Namaqualand ; Ezels Fontein, 3500-4000 ft.,

Drége, 2518!

12. E. fistulosa (Kunth, Enum. iii. 467); stems 5 ft. high, erect,

terete, simple, panelicsinyay tistular ; she: aths 12 in. long.

wedge-shaped, with numerous flat oblong-lanceolate ae. bracts

ovate-acute, carinate, shorter than the three-sided flowers; outer

perianth-segments oblong, obtuse, glabrous; inner oblong of

subspatulate, about the length of the outer; ovary three

Elegia. | RESTIACEH (Masters). 111

pytiform ; stigmas 3. Steud. Synops. ii. 261; Mast. in. Journ.

Linn, Soe. x. 243; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 356.

Sourn Arrica: abi locality, Ecklon and Zeyher

Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; vear Wynberg, 100 ft., Bolu 3203,2! Paarl

Div. ; Paarl Mountains, 1000-5 2000 tt., Drége, 117 ! Cupe Flats Ecklon, 853!

13. E. squamosca (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 244) ; rootstock

reeping ; stems slender, erect, 4-6 in. high, terete, solid, unbranched ;

leaf sheaths deciduous, Fpae shortly-mucronate ; : male flowers sub-

trigonous, in an oblong, erect, panicled cyme, 2 in. long ; spathes flat,

ovate-oblong, acute, mucronate, as long as the spikelet, ultimately

separa bracts broadly-ovate, acute, coriaceous, membranous

e€ apex, subulate- mucronate ; outer perianth-segments ovate-

pera coriaceous, pune iculate ; inner oblong, acute, twice

the length of the outer; fem flowers in compact panicles,

intermixed with flat spathes; perianth-segments all subequal,

ODIODE. ie eg I-nerved ; ovary stipitulate, pear-shaped,

coriaceous, 1- (or 2-celled 2) ; styles 2-3; fruit indehiscent, oblong,

coriaceous, 1- (2-4) celled ; ‘ealth 1: seeded. Mast. in DC. Monog.

Phan. i. 359

Soutn vein, : without locality, Pappe, 103, ¢!

14. F, vaginulata (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 586); stems

cespitose, erect from a decumbent base, 9 in. long, slender, terete,

solid, wrinkled ; leaf-sheaths Jess than 2 in. long, flat, ovate, oblong,

acute, Shining on the inner surface, ultimately deciduous ; male and

female inflorescence Similar, of very short spike-like cymes ; siathen

sheath-like, open, as long as, or rather longer than the spike;

bracts ovate, mucronulate, shorter than the flowers ; male flowers

rine long, trigonous, sessile; outer perianth- -segments oblong,

acute, navicular ; inner wea: and broader; female flowers valle

larger than the male ; perianth- segments subequal, oblong, acute ;

io. Cali -shaped, smooth, surmounted by 3. styles, ”1.celled,

Coase Bxa : Ceres Div. ; mountains near Ceres, 1800 ft., Bolus, 5480, 2!

Rivera Div. ; os the foot of the Lange Bergen, near i Kenipeche Berg, Burchell,

15. E. deusta (Kunth, Enum. iii. 460); stems cospitose, 1-2 ft.

long, erect, unbranched, slender, rigid, compressed, solid ; leaf-sheaths

persist ent, 11—2 in, long, closely c onvolute, coriaceous, filiform or

long ; spathes flat, lanceolate, deciduous ; bracts oblong, coriaceous,

acki -¢c arllahe e€

is nike, oblong, mucronate bracts; oute _— :

Segments orate-bblong, acute, subcarinate, glabrous ; inner oblong,

112 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [ Hlegia.

twice the length of the outer; staminodes 3, i adie

S esigg ner purple, L-celled, with 3 pie Mast. in Journ.

Soc 239; DC. Monog. Phan. i. sou. Chonuropeatun

douitut, Rottb. Dasor: e¢ Ie. 10, ¢. 3, herb. ! Mast.

jig. 2; Lin b.!

in Journ, Linn. Soc. xxi. 590. Restio Uhndrontitic, Nees in

Linnea, v. 652.

SourH Arrica: without pests Sieber, 226! Zeyher! Bergius

Coast Recion: Cape Div. ; Tal ble Mountain, 2800-3000 ft., Puorchotl, 565!

Bolus, 4444! Drége, 123 | Boklon, 83 ‘839!

6. E. fi i.

spitose, erect, 14-16 in. high, very slende ; wiry, little else ;

ath

spathe sheath-like, flat, oblong, acuminate ; flowers very numerous,

minute ; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; inner slightly longer

and thinner; perianth of female flower ess than 1 line In

length; segments all subequal, cymbiform, ieee fruit equal to

the persistent perianth, three-sided, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

SourH ye ag bpd were Drége, 110, ¢! Stellenbosch Div, ; Lowrys

Pass, 1000-2000 Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek

Mountains, Burchell, s121, 9?!

17. E. stipularis (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. xxi. 587); stems

tufted, attr 12-18 in. and upwards high, slender, terete, pranabtit

towards the middle ; leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long, flat, elliptic, acute,

persistent ; male inflorescence elongate, spike-like, erect, densely a snd

i b

onger ; female presen similar to the male; perianth-segments

acute ; staminodes ; fruit Soe:

oe AFRICA: hi locality, Masson

t ReGion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Olip hants Rives, Gill! Onder Bokke

Ve id, Deige, 2517 sgl ap also as 118) ! Caledon Div. 3; mountains near

Pe Gat, Ecklon and Zeyher! Mossel Bay Div.; hills ne ear the landing-

lace at Mossel Bay, hake 5 ewe

ser confounded with rviftora, distinguishable by the flat, open,

persistent sheaths and sree shanciedetes isti

E. obtusiflora (Mast.); stems cxspitose, erect, 15—18 in. high,

of the thickness of a crow quill, terete or slightly flattened, greyish-

green; leaf-sheaths $ in. long, persistent, loosely convolute, spreading

and sometimes flat at the apex, membranous, pale brown, thinner at

the acute apex, ao on the inner surface; male and female

inflorescences similar, in linear, rather dense, cymose panicles, with

numerous, flat, sheath-like, lanceolate spathes; spikelets minute,

arranged in cluitored panicles ; 3 spathelle membranous, obtuse,

shorter than the spikelet ; bracts rounded, scarcely shorter than the

flower ; outer perianth-segments somewhat ovate, shorter than the

Elegia.| RESTIACEE (Masters). 118

ong inner segments; anthers spine female inflorescence less

deve than the male ; perianth simi

Coast Recion: Tulbagh Diy. ; near Tulbagh, Zeyher, g and 3?!

19. E. spathacea Casts in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 588); stems

cespitose, slender, erect, 2 ft. high, wiry, terete, solid, unbranched;

leaf-sheaths deciduous ; wate in nflovedt cence 1-2 in. long, oblong,

panicled, many- -flowered, with numerous flat, oblong-acute spathes ;

perianth-segments subequal, oblong, obtuse, chestnut-brown ; fruit

clavate, tires: sided, 1-celled, 1-seeded, surrounded by the persistent

periant nth,

Coast Recton : Tulba gh Div. ; on a Witsen Berg near Tulbagh, le

8647,9! Caledon Div. 1 Donker Hoek Monntain, Burchell, 795) nye

the mountains of jae Kloof, near Gendlenaat Burchell, 77 10, 3

20. E. parviflora (Kunth, Enum. iii. 467); stems cespitose,

erect, 12-18 in. high, very slender, wiry, fistular; leaf-sheaths de-

ciduous ; male and female inflorescence similar, varying in size,

lets many-flo wered ; bracts ovate, acute, coriaceous, membra nous at

the apex, muticous or scarcely inaeeeaieke : ; perianth-segments rigid ;

— boat-shaped, obtuse ; inner longer than the outer ; flowers of

male plant rather larger, and inner segments about the same

oak as outer ; fruit pyriform, ring, ak puneticulate, as long as

the lage perianth, erowned by the remains of 3 styles. Steud.

Synops. ii. 262; Mast. in Journ. Linn. am x. 244; DC. Monog.

Phan. 353. Restio par viflorus, Thunb. Diss. 13; Fi. Cap. ed.

Schult. i, 85; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 722; Nees in Linnea, v. 655.

Soura AFRICA: without reget Zeyher, 1739

JON: Cape Div ané da unes ae Town, Bolus, 4432!

Wynber, 1 evils heal Tige Dré ége, 15 Paarl Di “ ittle Drakensin

itountains, below 1000 ft., Drége, 1646! ‘Tulbagh Div. ; — Tulbagh Water-

Eckl Zi i tai the vicinity 0 ew oot, ’

lacOwan, Herb, prnceval yee: mt ore yi ; Dutoits Kloof, Drége,

120! egei 1649! 'Drakenstein Mou 000 ft., Drege, 121! oe lon

Dj s, 3000-4

v.53 Donker Huek and Ezelsjagt roped 1090-200) ft., Drége, 11

1. E, rigida (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 587) ;

Berhad 14-18 in. high, very slender, terete, scarcely Dia ;

leaf- -sheaths Reinet female inflorescence about 1 in. long; linear-

oblong, with numerous convolute, oblong cata: perianth about

! line Jo ong; segments subequal; lateral conduplicate, acuminate ;

intermediate spathulate ; ovary trigonous, an: 1-celled, as long

as the persistent perianth ; styles 3, recurve

a Peele Tulbagh Div. ; New Kloof, near Taibeeh; Zeyher ! gag

114 _ REsTIACEE (Masters). [ Elegia.

Div. ; Drakenstein Mountains, near Bains Kloof, 1600-2000 ft., Bolus, 4100, 9!

mountains above Worcester, Rehmann, 2565 !

. E. Verreauxii (Mast. in Journ. Soe. Linn. xxi. 589); root-

a horizontally creeping ; stems 14-18 in. high, erect, very pe

rigid, unbranched ; leaf-sheaths subpersistent, 1 in. long, loosely

convolute, mucronate, spreading at the apex ; inflorescence linear,

41 in. long, many-flowered ; spathes aristate ; flowers minute, loosely

arranged, blackish; perianth-segments subequal, chestnut-brown,

oblong, obtuse, equalling the 3-sided blackish fruit.

SovurH AFRICA: without locality, Verreaux ! in the British Museu

Fito roxas Reeion: Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek opens ts "Burchell,

23. E. nuda (Kunth, Enum. iii. 462); rootstock creeping ; stems

1-2 ft. high, ereet, filiform, compressed, solid ; leaf-sheaths caducous;

male and female inflorescence in oblong, spicate cymes, each about

lin. long; spathes oblong, mucronate, i ely convolute, blackish,

deciduous ; ; bracts in both sexes broadly ovate, mucronate, coriaceous,

blackish-brown, shining, shorter than the flow wers ; perianth i in both

sexes similar; outer segments ovate- ba subcarinate ; inner

oblong-ovate, acute, twice the length of the outer; ovary trigonous;

styles 3 ; fruit 3-gonous, blackish-purple, 1-celled, Be seeded, crowne

by the remains of the styles. Steud. Synops. it. 261 ; "Ma st. m

Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 239; DC. Monog. Phan. i. 353, partly. Chon-

dropetalum nudum, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 11, t. 3, fig. 3. Restio

nudus, Nees in Linnea, v. 651, partly.

Sovuta A¥FRIcA: without locality, Sieber, 111, 2! pi 128, partly, 2!

Coast REe@ion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Burke gat

; elongata (Mast.); stems exspitose, 2} ft. high, terete,

seats oe unbranched, clothed at the base with dark shining

scales, greenish- -grey, obsoletely panctioulate; ; leaf-sheaths numerous,

remote, deciduous; male inflorescence 1-3 in . long, linear, aniculate,

interrupted ; spathes inconspicuous ; ciate short, acuminate;

bratts blackish, shorter _ e

3 min ata staminodes.

Coast REeGion : Cape 3 between Wynberg and Devils Mountain, Drég’, — :

147a,$! Paarl rer rhnalaek Paarl and Lady Grey Bridge, below 1000 tt,

Drége, 9454, $ and 3!

V. LAMPROCAULOS, Mast.

Male and female inflorescence somewhat similar, eke se

large sheath-like, atimnataky deciduous, spathes.

Mal.

panicled cymes. Bracts small, linear. Outer parianti-segment®

Lamprocaulos.] RESTIACEE (Masters). 115

linear; inner segments larger and broader than the outer. Anthers

I-celled. Female spikelets 2-flowered. Female jlowers in spicate

cymes, curved. Bracts linear. Outer perianth-segments oblong,

obtuse ; inner longer, oblong spathulate. Fruit surrounded at

the base by the persistent perianth, oblung, truncate, com-

Rush-like perennials with coarsely-tubercled, brilliantly-coloured epidermis and

persistent leaf-sheaths,

Disrriz. Endemic.

Stem golden-bronze coloured ; spathes 2 in. long es ... (1) grandis.

Stem rich brown ; spathes 1} in. long... ne ine ... (2) Neesii.

Ss 1. L. grandis (Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 349, t. 3, fig. 22-28,

nd t. 5, fig. 13); stems 3 ft. high, erect, terete or compressed,

nate, ultimately deciduous, spathes ; bracts small, linear; perianth

slightly longer than the bract ; outer segments equal, linear ; inner

membranous, spathulate, longer than the outer; anthers oblong;

female spikelets 5-6 in linear oblong cymes, each spikelet 2-flowered,

with a sheath-like spathe at the base; flowers about 2 lin. long,

slightly stalked, curved; outer perianth-segments equal, oblong-

obtuse ; inner longer, oblong-spathulate ; fruit oblong, truncate,

Compressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded, surrounded by the persistent perianth :

nches 2; seed pendulous. Lestio grandis, Sprengel Jide

Nees in Linnea, v. 660. Elegia grandis, Kunth, Enum. iii, 475 ;

Steud. Synops. ii, 262; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. x. 245

Coast Reeton: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drége,

Heed! Caledon Div.; Genadenial, Zeyher! Ecklon, 34! Houw Hock

ountains, 1000-3000 ft., Zeyher, 4337, fund 9 !

subulate mucro; male flowers numerous in a much-branched | cyme,

imtetmixed with large, deciduous, sheath-like spathes, each pedicellate

about 2 in, ong, protected by a small linear bract; outer perianth-

Segments linear-subulate ; inner oblong subspathulate, longer than

the outer ones; anthers oblong; female spikelets 2-flowered, in a

linear eyme, each covered by a large sheath-like spathe ; flowers

Curved, with a small linear bract; outer perianth-segments rigid,

oblong, concave ; inner wider; lateral conduplicate ; fruit inde-

hiscent, l-celled, 1-seeded, oblong, compressed, truncate; styles 2,

116 RESTIACE® (Masters). [ Lamprocaulos,

proceeding from the angles of the fruit; seed pendulous. Elegia

Neesti, Mast. in. Journ. “Linn. Sve. x. 246. Restio grandis, var. P,

Nees din re vy. 661.

Coa EGIoN: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Burchell, 569, ! Ecklon !

Bolus, gins 3 ! Cape Flats, Ecklon, 560b, 3 !

VI. LEPTOCARPUS, R. Brown.

Male and female inflorescence similar. Spikelets 1- or many-

flowered. Pertanth-seyments 6; outer lateral onulupliot usually

villous on the keel, rarely glabrous. Stam 3. Pistillodium

minute, 3-styled or absent. Female flower : " Btn inodes none ot

minu Ovary more or less triangular, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; styles 3,

fiee at the base or slightly united. Fruit 3-sided, coriaceous,

indehiscent.

Rush-like, much or sparingly branched plants, the basal portion thickly covered

with brown avy fe — sheaths mucronate or aristate, sometimes foliaceous 0}

the sterile branc

DistrrB. Several species inhabit Tropical and South-west ga Isolated

species occur in Tasmania, New Zealand, Chile, and Cochin Chi

Female spikelets many-flowered :

Ma > e and female ae otaba :e much-branched ; plant

aty . (1) paniculatus.

Male and female nlorieeees sparingly branched ;

plont rarely le

Spathes Bie iiiwllex shomead af oe

Spikelets 7-9, sq ... (2) neglectus.

Spike (3) Burchellii.

Spathes Shout the same length as the spikelets :

Leaf istate (4) incurvatus.

ie Sete straight, “eds at the apex, :

su ninlokecenchs nate (5) oxylepis.

papacaioensie recurved, spreading, ‘obtuse,

onate . (6) peronatus.

Female laikitatia 1- lowered :

Spikelets obtu ive es ted ... (7) modestus.

/ 1, L, paniculatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 231); stems

° 2-3 ft. high, erect, much-branched; branches compressed, olive

numerous, 1 m peaeticd: epickiigl panicled “a a spikelet

about + in. pee ohovate-oblony spathe bract-like ; bracts oblong,

obtuse, hyaline near ate ape

ovary oblong, triquetrous ; ; styles 3; fruit 3- -angled.

pea a an. i : 330. Restio paniculatu, tretoodt Deser. et de. te

Leptocarpus.] RESTIACE® (Masters). 117

Restio fruticosus, Thunb. Diss. 16, n. 14; wane Enum, iii. 413.

festio ramiflorus, Nees in Linnea v. 644, Calopsis paniculata,

Desv. in Aun. Se. Nat. xiii. —— ee 44, t. 3, fig. 2; Kunth, Enum.

li. 421 ; Steud. Synops. ii.

S AFRICA: without er Thunberg, 3! Burchell, 5813! Mund!

Thom! Drége,5! 167b!

ast Region: Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Burchell, ots Sig Mountain,

Scott-Elliot, 140! Ecklon, sto! Cape Flats, Ecklon , 568! bet * ph geese 5 aod

Devils Mountain, Drege, 167! regs hon os) Paarl Monten

Drege, mila hades oe Div. ; s of rivers uear Houw Hoe . ie

MacOw Afr., 1667 +E ite ihage Div. ; Znnreehe Be

eg "a ‘26! Revlon ana Zeyher, 540 !

Ka N ReGion: Tembuland; aes Mountain, 4000 ft., Baur, 506!

aa ick valley near Bevaan Falls, Wood, 3195!

es in stature and in the form of the brac The form with very small

mpikelow occurring in Tembuland may turn out on a the type of a distinct species.

2. L. neglectus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 225); stems 2-3

ft. high, erect, terete, s slightly branched, olive-coloured, covered with

small white tubereles’ leaf-sheaths 4—% in. long, tightly convolute,

strongly subulate-mucronate ; male and fem ale inflorescence pluri-

sessile or

keel ; iuner 3 smaller, hyaline ; antbers linear, apiculate ;

ovary “Bh roundish, surrounded by 3 stamin odes. in

C. g. Phan. i. 334. Calopsis neglecta, Hochstetter in Flora,

1845, 338 ; titi Synops. ii. 258.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Dréye,.68, 9 !

. L. Burchellii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 222); stems 3 ft.

high, erect, branching ; sterile stems leafy; branches olive-coloured,

coarsely tubercled ; leaf-sheaths 1 in. long, loosely convolute, mem-

branous at the edges, subulate-mucronate; ‘smaller sheaths 7 + in. long,

foliaceous- -Mueronate; male spikelets: 1-5, agg

ac ?

Segments oblong, purple-spotted ; lateral conduplicate, villous on the

eel; inner similar, smalle ttish ; anthers linear-oblong, apicu-

each many-flowered,

oblong. lanceolate, about + in. long, protected by an aristate spathe ;

Perianth- -segments ctilories lances lateral conduplicate, not villous;

S310 trigonous-oblong; stigmas 3. Mast. in DU. slonog. Phan. i.

‘8 eis i ION: Riversdale Div.; at the foot of the Lan Pa’ ree

Pn ey ria nurchatl 7s, aan fa Vet River and ce s River,

aude 7185, g und 2! Geo ; Wolf Drift, Maigat ee “Durehell

118 RESTIACE® (Masters). [ Leptocarpus.

4. L. incurvatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc, x. 223) ; stems

decumbent, 2-3 ft. long, sparingly branched; branches ee

spotted ; sterile branches with leafy sheaths; leaf-sheaths about +

long, loosely convolute, recurved at the filaceous-aristate apex ; ality

sheaths foliaceous-mucronate ; male spikelets 4-8, in linear spike-

like cymes, each spikelet 2 in. and upwards long, oblong- ovoid, with

a sheath-like open spathe at the base; bracts ultimately loosely

spreading, oblong, acute, coriaceous, subulate-mucronate beneath

late ; a 4 stipitulate ; fruit rn fae awe three-sided. Mast. : |

DC. ” Mon ic Phe 4 SSR: Restio incurvatus, Thunb: Fl. Cap. i

88. Ree vimineus, Rotth. Descr. et Ic. 4, : 2, 1 era

incurvata, Kunth, Enum. iii. 427; Steud. Syno ii. 358, ae sis

— Kunth, Enum, iii. 425 ; Steud. Site: ii. 258 .

T Reeton: Clanwilliam Div. ; ‘ditns between Jakhals River and Klip

Pontetn lowe = ft., Drége, 2481, 9! af

Fla id b

O23

Fx} 39

e Bay, Robertson!

ens

“Aa Stellenbosch D a hoe 900 13 ehlechte t, 7208! Paar!

ze vne pti sich ree rei Tulba agh Div. ; "ares ulbagh Waterfall, 1200 ft,

ease

We eax Rear0N : Little Namaqualand ; Kamies Bergen, 3000-4000 ft.,

Drége, 62! 63a

iid

5. L. oxylepis (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 223); stems 2-3 ft.

long, erect from a decumbent ae sparingly branched, glabrescent

or tomentose ; ; leaf-sheaths about 1

; fem ~ pike 3-6 in linear, nea cymes, each about |

rer n. lon soy owen oblong, protected by an open spathe of .

equal lengli bracts oblong, acute; outer oo ag a oblong;

obtuse purple-s spotted; lateral carinate villous; inner obovate- —

spathulate, ultimately longer or the outer ; frait Seiatias clavate.

Mast.in DC. Monog. Phan. i. Calopsis oxylepis, Kunth, Enum.

iii. 497 « Steud. Synops, ii. 258.

Coast Rear0y Clanwilliam Div.; near prac ipeade and suet River,

2500-3000 ft., Drége, 38! Ceder Hengen: 6 y flats near Hz-ls Bank,

+000 ft., Drag és 3u ! 2501! between Gaus Thee and W Pst Eee

2500-3000 ft., Drdye, 2500 partly ! . :

6. L. peronatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 224); stems 2 ft.

high, terete, slightly inca: putea ascending ; leaf-sheaths cf

1 in. long,- loosely convolute or recu tved, mucronate-aristate ; m

spikelets numerous, in linear little-branched cymes ; each scikelet a

Leptocarpus. | RESTIACEE (Masters). 119

4 In. long, cylindric-Janceolate, sometimes curved, protected by

a sheath-like spathe of equal length ; bracts oblong elliptic, shining,

shertly mucronate; outer perianthaeeee oblong ; lateral con-

duplicate, villous on the keel; inner 3 smaller, flat, united at the

base ; anthers oblong, obtuse, apiculate ; female ig Aa pus numerous,

in erect, linear, much-bra nched cymes; spikelets 2 in. long, cylindric-

lanceolate, many-flowered ; bracts elliptic, Srucecnnte perianth-

segments ‘oblong, obtuse ; lateral conduplicate, villous on the keel;

inner shorter, oblong, obtuse, flat or slightly involute ; ovary oblong,

obtuse, somewhat 3-sided, surmounted ‘by a yellow epigynous disc ;

stigmas 3 3. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 333. Calopsis peronata,

Kunth, Enum iii. 426 ; Steud. Synops. ii. 258, 2.

Var. hirtellus Aes in sae Linn. Soc. 24); stems and branches

pubescent. Mast.in DC. Mor Phan. i. 334. oats hirtella, Kunta, See:

lil, 426 ; Steudel, oueet: ii. 25 58. :

AST REGION; gy i liam Div. ; between Grasberg River and Watervals

ore: 2500-3000 ft., Drege, 2499, ot both a glabrous type and the pubescent

variety are Savibates under this number, r. B, from the same locality, Drege,

2500 partly !

. L. modestus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 225); stems

l- i ft. high, terete, pipe spotted, slightly Seta: + pert

erect or spreading, filiform ; leaf-sheaths 3 in, long, pep haere coriaceous,

membranous at the pex, prolonged ale a long, deciduous awn ;

he Phan, fi Niehantker lus modestus, Kunth, Soke ill.

434. Restio paleaceus, tele partly, in various herbaria ex Mast.

tn Journ. Linn. Soe. 225. R. fruticosus, Thunberg herb. ex

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Ser. xiv. 417.

Sourg a without — Drage, 7! Ecklon and Zeyher, 82!

Ast ReGion: Cape if Table Mountain or Devils Mountain below

1000 ft. Pe e ahead Mhore Div. ; Grahamstown, Ecklon! between Donker

d Houw Hoek Mount: ains, Burchell, : '

cane Reon: Albany Div. ; near Riebeek, ‘Burchell, 3470!

VII. THAMNOCHORTUS, Bergius.

Perianth- -segments 6 in two rows; outer lateral generally

longer, navic cular, more or less keeled or winged. Stamens 3 ;

filaments filiform ; anthers oblong-linear, 1-celled, ” dehiscing length-

Female per ianth as in’the male, but the lateral segments more

pea Winged. Staminodes none, or only I-celled, 1-seeded ;

120 REsTIACEE (Masters). [Thamnochortus,

styles 1-8. Fruit indehiscent, enclosed within the persistent perianth,

compressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded, surmounted by the remains. of t

es.

Herbaceous perennials, with a creeping or co eg stock ; stems erect,

reli at the base with sheathing scales; leaf-sheaths closely convolute, pores

s prolonged into a linear leaf ; male and female sidlashaey nee alike or dissimilar,

tim

‘hale usually “with many spikelets in a panicled cyme; femule spikelets 12 of

cymose.

DistriB. Endemic.

Style 1

Male pacts Panictes » much-branched, atone

spkelets numero female inflorescence a lor

ng :

3 ma linear, dhibags aenbe 3 bracts ia

(1) spicigerus.

Male Je spelt ovoid-oblong 5 ie oblong, :

(2) giganteus.

Male se small, ‘ovate-oblong 5 ” bracts

oblon meena, or acuminate . Fee AS) scirpiformis.

Male stkset vag ulous

pikel bo long, o (4) rlpspebit Oe

Shikelet . long, si ram Peas (5) argenteu

Male cnflbrencsuss ‘acai ‘panicled , short, oceupying

stem :

and upwards :

male care very acute, gradually

tapering ah (€) elongatus.

pers <. male flower oveid-obloug,

Bde acumin eg oe (7) dichotomus.

Male tine less han ng :

Male ac ‘ty Sano $

rac “—, mucronate (8) erectus.

Bact "ances eolate; inner pe rianthseg- ‘

male) longer mene a (9) platypteris.

Male sikelt ‘clonidlaas spre :

Bracts oblong, acute, asaricess ... (10) Burchell.

Styles 2-

Male Sad female Infloreeence aa male spikes

numerous; female spikes ned shea ths obtuse

at the apex, with a prolonged in

apr apncete about % in. sig deteed, pear-

ge wrinkled, spotted 11) umbellatus.

ems not canis ed, very ae spotted (12) imbricatus.

Male a suborbicular, Jess than } in. long :

s prominently tubereled .. wiv wow (18) corns.

infl

Male and finite orescence similar

Spikelets at least 4 in. long; rendre ee ce gat distichus.

ikelets about 4 in. long; bracts oblon 15) carscinus.

IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

Inflorescence eet :

Bracta lenceols a gracilis.

Bracts ov ohh .. (17) floribuncus.

Bracts dllsegpiebadlian acuminate ; spike.

lets cylindric .. (18) occultus.

ervey St in terminal elongated spikes ; - stems

riuted a .. (19) striatus.

Thamnoch ortus.] RESTIACE& (Masters). 121

1. T. spicigerus (R. Br. Prod. 244, in note) ; stems 3-4 ft. high,

erect, terete, taintly puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths i 2 in. long , tightly

eonvolute, coriaceous, acumi inate, striate, ultimately lacerate at the

free end; male spikelets ape numerous, in loose, much-branched,

erect, panicled cymes 6-10 in. long; branches spreading ; each

spikelet about + in. long, at first linear-cylindric, ultimately oblong ;

spathe lanceolate, bract- like, much shorter than the spikelet; bracts

in 6 rows, ultimately spreading, coriaceous, ferruginous, lanceolate,

scarcely mucronate, about the length of the oblong stipitulate

ower; perianth-segments rigid ; outer lateral boat-shay ed, the rest

rather flat, oblong, acute; the inner shortest ; anthers linear- -oblong,

apiculate ; female plant ‘Tike the male; spike ets less numerous,

minate, coriaceous, ehestnut-brown; flowers suborbicular, arcuate,

flattened ; lateral perianth- -segments glabrous, deeply keeled, the rest

flattish ; ovary —— style 1. Kunth, Hnum. iii. 440; Steud.

Synops. ii. 260; Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i, 314, Restio

Ca ee Thunb. Diss, 11, fig. 56; in Usteri, Delect. i, 46, t. 2,

ig. 5 Flora Cap. ed. Schuites, 84; Thunb. herb. ex Mast. tm

ieee gon Soc. xiv. 419, 420

Sour AFkica: without locality, Thunb, d ad 9 wae lg

Coast Recion : ap orn ‘Div.; near Gro Klo

4236, 9! Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Ecklon, 567! kn a fie reeery

Bolus, 446,21 4450,9! Sult River, Drege, 227, Sand!

‘paint Stout, terete, slightly stan oro ekg givi - off numerous

tufts of slender bra s at the nodes; lower sheaths about 2 in.

long, tightly convolute except at the tips, lanceolate, coriaceous,

membranous and torn at the tips; upper sheaths similar, but

5p, and prolonged into a curved, linear leaf; male spikelets

numerous, in loose, branching, panicled cymes nearly a foot long ;

branches spreading or pendulous; spikelet 1-1 in. long, oblong,

Coast Ree rEcks le Ds; lower part of the Lange Bergen, about the

waterfall at - Ya ile ey ecemng Pic fe ner p Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 6994!

George Div.; bet ween Lange Vallei and Touw River, Burchell, 5711/2!-

Humansdorp | Div. ; Kromme River, below 1000 ft., Drége, 2!

8. T. scirpiformis (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 228); s

erect, terete, slender, olivaceous, puncticulate, wrinkle leai- a eae

oy r in, long, tightly convolute, acuminate, coriaceous, striate,

thinner, and lacerate, membranous at the margins; male spikelets

122 RESTIACE® (Masters). [ iy chortus.

numerous, in terminal, yeh eymes ; spikelets many- -flowered,

abou “ 1 in. long; bracts oblong, coriaceous, dull brown, subulate-

mucronate ; upper Se ceninmle. outer perianth-segments oblong, acute ;

sea lateral conduplicate, keeled, glabrous ; other segments linear-

oblong, acute, flattish ; eS ee like the male ; ‘spikelets 3-4,

subglobose, the size of a e pea, arranged in a linear, spicate

cyme ; bracts ids eit: ; outer lateral perianth-segments

deeply-winged ; ovary compressed, suborbicular. Mast. in DC.

Monog. Phan. i. 318. Restio scirpiformis, Nees in various herbaria.

Coast Region: Sand-dunes near Cape Town, Ecklon and Zeyher, g and?!

No specimen in Kew Herbarium.

a 4. T. fruticosus (Bergius, Fl. Cap. 353, t. 5, f. 8); rootstock

ee densely elad with _ Ehesceyy sar sheaths ; sterile

s 6-8 in. long, much-branc branchlets faseicled, filiform,

ea) spotted ; fertile stems 11-2 ft. a, wees: terete, covered with

ranching, as in the sterile stem ; leaf-sheaths about 1-12 in. long,

closely convolute, coriaceous, lanceolate, acute ; smaller sheaths with

two yaline, membranous lobes near the apex, and with numerous

cilia projecting from the inner surface ; apex pr rolonged into a linear

leaf; male spikelets numerous, in erect, loosely branched, panicled

cymes 8-9 in. long ; branches spreading or deflexed ; spathe e bract-

like, lanceolate, acuminate; spikelet ly 1 in. long, oblong,

wing glabrous; anthers apiculate ; female plant as in the male;

inflorescenee less branched; spikelets 5-9 in erect, linear, spicate

cymes about 2} in. long, sessile or pedunculate, erect or r appressed,

each about 1s in. long ; Spathe eos longer than the spikelet ;

bracts lanceolate, coriaceous, membran at the margins; perianth-

segments oe linear-oblong , acute ; ports lateral with a narrow,

glabrous wing; ovary ovoid, “with a single style. Mast. 0

Linn. Soe . 229; DE: Monog. Phan. i. 316. Restio dechotonia .

Linn . Syst. Wed ed. 12, 11. 735, not of Rottboell! R. scariosus, i

Thunb. Diss. 1573 in Ustert, Delect. i i. 49%; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.

61 mnochortus scariusus, R. Brown, Prod. 244, in note;

Kunth, Enum. iii. 430; Steud. Synops. ii. 259, BR. eriophorus, Reichb. :

tn herb. Sieber. R. Thamnochortus, Thunb. herb. partly ex Mast. ‘

in Journ. Linn. Soe. xiv. 420, :

Var. 8, glaber (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc 229); stems siipirc Pega

spikelets larger than in the type ; outer eruncaaei nts narrowly w

Sovurn Arrica : without locality, Sieber, 230, ¢! : !

sy seg Bos is ¥, Svever, é! Thom, 916, gand ?! ee

Coast REa@t lats, rays hae Burchell, 180, $! near Wynbergs

Drége, 130, Pre Walicki Table tain near Constantia sh ; daghett the

fout of Devils Mountain, 200 ft., Dolee a 729, @! Culedon Die; Nicuw Kloot,

Thi hortus. | RESTIACEX (Masters). 123

Houw Hoek oh ae Burchell, 8131! Var. 8, Knysna ee ee Melville,

Burchell, 5462 (no 564. 42 as formerly quoted), gf! and 554 and?! Port

Elizabeth Div. ; Cahir the oo sens River near Port Hlizabeth, Borne, 4363, 9!

Port Elizabeth, E.S.C.A ses 160, $! 497, 2! Albany Div.; near Brookhuizens

Poort t, 1800 ft., MacOwan, 633, 2!

of slender branchlets at the nodes; leaf-sheaths 11-2 in. long,

closely convolute, coriaceous, acute, deeply membranous and lacerate

above; smaller sheaths muc smaller hyaline and lacerate above ;

apex ata is into a small curved leaf; male ob ee a

ong ;

ments smaller, flattish ; anthers apiculate; female plant like the

Male; spikelets in less branched c¢ mes, erect, each spikelet 1; in.

Segments obtuse, apiculate ; kee eeply winged, glabrous; fruit

compressed, orbicular, surmounted by a single style. Steud. Synops.

li, 259 ; Mast. 7 in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 317. Restio argenteus,

Thunb, Dis. 14, R. scariosus, Thunb. herb. ex Mast.in Journ, Linn.

Soe. xiv, 420,

Sourn AFRICA: om —s Masso

OAST REGION : Cap hills below gs Mountain, Thaeheroes Saws

Caledon Div. ; Ch 3000-4000 ft., Drege, 161la, 9! Swellendam Div. ;

between Sparrbosch and Tradouw, 100072000 ft., ‘Drege, ivers-

dale lower part of ange Bergen, about the waterfall at “ Valley

ivers gal Burchell, 8978, 3 nd?! Humansdorp Div.; Kromme River,

under 1000 ¢ Dréye, 1611b, g! Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens yy 1500 ft.,

ml 1509, 7 Ecklon and Zeyher, 291, °! Port Elizabeth, £.S.C.4. Herb.,

CENTRAL Reg GION: Prince Albert Div. ; Great Zwart Bergen, near Klaarstroom,

00-4000 ft. , Drege, 132b, $! and 9607, 3!

6. T. elongatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 226 and xiv. 416) ;

stems tufted, 2-3 ft. high, slender, erect, terete, white spotted ; sterile

stems much bran ched ; uitimate branches filiform, curved, leafy ; leaf-

Sheaths tightly convolute, = Pe? in. long, coriaceous, dull brown, striate,

nou

lacerate ; male spikelets numerous, in somewhat rounded panicled

cymes, sessile or peduncled, erect or sometimes drooping ; spikelets

2-4 in. long, oblong, flattened ; spathe lanceolate, half the length of

the spikelet ; racts ultimately spreading, deltoid- lanceolate, acu-

» Coriaceous, chestnut-brown, membran ous at the margins ;

linear-o ong; peri rianth-segments linear-oblong, acute ;

ateral Sets, winged-carinate, glabrous ; female plant like

eS spikelets 3-7, in erect spike-like cymes 2-4 in. long,

124 RESTIACE® (Masters). [Thamnochortus.

each spikelet oblong, 1—% in. long, spathe sheath-like, lacerate, as long

as the spikelet ; bracts ultimately loose at the tips, deltoid- lanceolate,

acuminate, shining, brown, membranous at the margins; flowers

orbicular, Samicd. arcuate ; outer sie perianth-segments deeply

keeled ; ovary ovoid, globose. ast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 320.

Restio elongatus, Thunb. im Hojfm. Phy Stor Blatt.i.7; in Weber and

Mohr, Archiv.i. 25; “i Cap. i. ed Schultes, 83%; Th shad, herb. ex Mast.

in Journ. Li nn. Soc. xiv. 416. RB. acini Steudel in Flora, 1829,

i, 134, not of Pareke: fe nutans, ceria sas Ce not of Fl. Cap.

ed. Schultes, 84; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe 6. Thamnochortus

dichotomus, Kunth Enum. iii. 433, partly ; fe in Journ. Soc. Linn.

LInnd. x. 229, partly. Restio paleaceus, Nees partly, in various

herbaria.

Sout a | without booms hae Mie 2! Berg

Cape

Bol 4102, don : !

Mossel Bay Div. ; ; hills near ae desde at Mossel Bay, Pirckall, 6284! E

Very variable and often confounded with T. dichotomus, oie which it differs

in the larger spikelets, and in the spathes and bracts being gradually and sharply,

not abruptly, acuminate. Under the same numbers the two ajetice are frequently

poy io ey in herbaria,

7. T. dichotomus (R. Br. Prodr. 244, in note) ; rootstock creeping,

covered with dark brown scales; stems 1-3 ft. high, erect, slender,

terete, olivaceous, with white disc-like markings ; fertile stems uu-

branched or only slightly forked ; sterile stems shorter, much branched,

leafy ; leaf- sheaths tightly convolute, 1-11 in. long, coriaceous, dull

spreading ; spikelets } in. long, sessile or pedunculate, at first cylindric,

acute, su sequently oblong, many-flowered ; spathe bract-like, half

the length of the spikelet; bracts ultimately loosely spreadin

tips, oblong, abruptly acuminate, pale, ferruginous, hyaline at the

margins; outer lateral perianth-segments conduplicate, apiculate,

ecarcely keeled, the others oblong flattish; female plant like the

)

[ad

ras)

glabro ous ; the aia lena ae flattish fruit subglobose.

— Enum. iii. 433, partly ; Steud. Synops ii, 259; Bast. im

Jo Linn. Soc.- x. 229; DC. — . Phan. i, 318, Restio

dic. "a Rottbvell, Deser. et Ic. 2, t. ¥ fia 1, not of Linnens.

Linn. Soc. xiv. 420. RB, paleaceus, Nees partly, in various yee

Thamnochortus. | RESTIACE® (Masters). 125

Thamnochortus consanguineus, Kunth, Enum. 437° -.. Hj

oe 9, Kunth, Enum. iii, 430. 3 bromoides, Kunth, Enum.

eg Arrica: without locality, Sieber, 114, 2! 116, ¢! 223! Drége, 136!

c ' REGION : Clanwilliam Div.; between Grasberg River and Watervals

pba! 2500-3000 ft., Dréye, met 3! Cap e Div.; Devils Mountain, 1800 ft., Bolus,

4753 | Table Mountain or Devils Mount tain, Vrége, 138a,2! Table Mountain,

ace pe To 882, Fo

* . ! ay Div.; At

Kloof, oe. Caledon Div. ; Nieuw Kloof, Honw Hoek Mountains, Burchell,

8126, Jand ?! MacOwan, 3046, @! mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal,

Burchell, 7595 ,gand 9!

Very variable and sometimes difficult to distingush from JZ’. elongatus, with

which it is fre uently associated by collectors and in herbaria. The bracts of

the latter plant are more straight- sided, deltoid, and not curved at the margins.

8. T. erectus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 419) ; stems 2-3 ft.

eae aicudien, yellowish, puncticulate, white- spotted ; sheaths about

in, long, closely convolute, coriaceous, dull brown, striate, thinner

at the sharply acuminate apex; male spikelets numerous, in ter-

tte

ot,

(5~)

ipa)

Diss

herb ex Mas ks Seat, Linn Boe. 6 4 ok ab adam Nea

partly in sia herbari

Sourn es FRICA:

without ~ ty, Thunberg, $! Grey, 3!

Sag Rreion: Ca ape Fl nth Re hmann, J 1813! 1814! Tulbagh

+3 near Tulbagh, Ecklon wae Zeyher, Gand 3!

“a a platypteris (Kunth, Enum. iii. 429, 9); stems 2-3 ft. high,

; ae terete, of the thickness of a crow’s quill, unbranched, white-

thi a leaf-she aths 11-2 in. long, closely convolute, lanceolate,

va © edges; male spikes numerous, in short, terminal,

spike ea nodding panicles; spathes as long as or long

lets, lanceolate, membranous, chestnut-brown ; spikelets { in.

126 ResTIACEE (Masters). = [| Thamnochortus.

long, sessile or on slender stalks of ths same length, oblong,

shorter than the bracts; perianth-segments oblong, acute ; lateral

ightly winged; inner flattish, linear-oblong, longer than the outer

segments ; female ‘plant as in the male ; spikelets 2-5, aggregate at

eye ends of the stems, subglobose, or somewhat flattened, about

in. long; spathes lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the spikelet ;

er lanceolate, acuminate ; flowers stipitulate, flattened, as long

as the bracts ; lateral perianth-segments very deepl winged, with

glabrous keel; inner shorter; fruit oblique, ovoid, 1-celled, Laeoiets

style Persistent. Steud. Synops. ii. 258 ; Mast. in DC. Mon

Phan 2.

AST ‘teases: Clanwilliam Div.; Oliphants River, Zeyher ! between Gras-

ee River and Watervals River, 2500-3000 ft., Drage, 2002a, $! 2512, 2! Gift

Berg, 1500-2500 ft., Drége, 2502b, $! 189, 2!

27; t. 5, fig. 8, ab); rootatock creeping ; stems 2-3 ft. oe “erect,

terete, of the thickness of a crow’s quill, olivaceous, puncticulate ; leaf-

about 1

sheaths in. long, tightly convolute, coriaceous, upper edge

membranous ; apex mucronulate- aarti male spikelets numerous,

spreading, in ’ terminal, short, much- branched, panicled cymes, about

in. long ; spathes lanceolate, acuminate, half the length of the

spikelet ; "Gallo about 4 lin. long, sessile or pedicellate, oblong,

compress “etapa reuate ; bracts $ convex, coriaceous, Stans , acute, scarcely

subpaniculate cymes, each about + in. eae. Onaee aac

many-flowered ; bracts lanceolate, ultimately spreading ; outer lateral

perian th-segments bis aed winged ; inner three involute, shorter than

the outer; ovary o

SourH Arrica: ae ane als 129, gand 9!

Saad Recroy : Malmesbur ear Groene Kloof, 3C0 ft., Bolus, 4237, 3!

Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Bolus, 4449, he ! Mossel Ba y Div. ; ; between Great Brak

River cad Little Brak River, yee 6169, send !

11. T. umbellatus (Kunth, Enum, iii. 440); stems caespitose, pro-

current, 2-3 ft. long, slender, erect, unbranched, terete, papillose ;

leaf-shonthe? i in. long, coriaceous, fuscous, nervoso-striate, membr anous

at the ovate, acute oe mucronu eat male eesunia ied # pedi-

a rte gp nged keel: female plant as in the male kate

1-2, terminal, ae cylindric or oblong, m elie ear thes ess

than 1 in. long ; spathe acute; bracts squarrose, oblong-lanceolate, sub-

muticous, coriaceous, nervoso- -striate, longer than the flowers; outer

perianth- -segments arcuate, oblong, acute, conduplicate, winged-carl-

nate; inner oblong-lanceolate; ovary turbinate, compressed, soins

Th hortus.] | RESTIACEH (Masters). 127

ceous, I-celled; Se 3. Se PB fe: il. 260; Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soc. x. 232; DC. Mon Pie: Restio "rae eas

Thunb. Diss, li. fin 5; Us itty Dae i. rie 2, jig. l. Cap.

ed. Schult. 84, not a his herbarium. RB penton Rotth.

Deser. et Ic. 8, t. 3, fig. 5, as to the female. Le eptocarpus distachyos,

A. Br. Prod. 980, | Staberoha distachya, Kunth, HKnum. iii. 444 ; Steud.

Synops. ii. 257,

Soutnm Arica : without bovine ciety ge ba 6! 2b,6!

Coast REGIon: Malme esehedaties Kloof, 300 ft., Bolus,

4239, $1! Cape Div.; Ta pet He ain; 2800 fb; , Bolus, 4455:9 1. Ieeklon:

f pe Flats, near Rondebosch, Burchell, 196! Caledon Div. ; between

, Burchell, 7931, 8 Mossel Bay Div os betwee

ossel Bay and Zout River, Burchell, 6319, dand 2?!

compressed ; spathe bie iy shorter shiek the spikelet ; bracts

onter lateral acute, slightly cael’. wlabits us; inner 3 sm inalia

female plant as in the male ; spikelets s 1 or 2, sessile, or stalked,

afterwards Spreading at the tips, ovate-oblong, acute, coriaceous,

thinner alone the upper margin, undulate, ultimately deciduous ;

outer be topcoat subequal ; lateral navicular, P psig aes

deeply w ; wing sometimes undulate and erose at the margin ;

every pyriform, with 2 styles; fruit oblong, obtuse, ceneen by

the remains of the styles. Mast. 7 n DC. Monog. Phan, i. 325.

Restio imbricatus, Thunb. Diss. 9, fig. G Usteri, Delect. i. 43, t. 2,

9. 1; fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 83 ; Thunb. herb. ex Mast. in Journ.

Linn. Soc. xiv. 421. R. umbellatus, 3, B, in Thunb. herb. ex

Mast. in Journ, Tims — xiv. 415. 2. spicigerus, B, culmo mono-

stachyo, Nees in Linnea, v. 647. Leptocarpus imbricatus, R. Brown,

Prod. 250, Staberoha imbr icata, Kunth, Enum. iii. 442, ¢- Thamno-

chortus emulus, Kunth, Enum. iii. 439,

VaR. 8, stenopterus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc, x. 231, and xiv. 416); outer

lateral —— -Segmeuts with a narrow wing. Staberoha stenoptera, Kunth,

Enum. ij 43. Restio eager “yet Steud. Synops. ii. 261. Restio vasinatus,

ie. "Diss 10; in Usteri, Delect. i. 44; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult, 83; Thunberg

ev Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ay, 416.

Sourn Avrica ; without locality ; Var- B, wily Shae pe thi ége, 29, 21 83, 9

Pena Reeton: Clanwilliam bie. r Berge m rége. 24,5! 351, 9!

200 ee he ming ; hear Groene “Koo, 00 ft., Bolu "fee, e! Mamre, 100-

ch 4 » 1180, 3! Cape D ween Wonberg and Constantia, Bur-

m2 89, 3! r Cape Flats, eeikers fers 4430,9! 4451, 9! Burke, J! Table

128 RESTIACE (Masters). [ Thamnochortus.

gh ain, Milne, 227, ! Simons Bay, M wae 433, ah ! Stellenbosch Div. ? ;

of Bre

Sree uw At Sigg pote Worcest ; River Valley, near

Darling Bridze, 8v0 ft., “Bolu 2880, ¢ and | eres Biv Flats near Ceres,

=i tt., Bolus; ots +! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland, Zeyher, 3!

orcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drege, 27,9! 1636, $¢!

1603, 3! Sweet Valley (? ‘dete, Melks Valet i in Caledon Div.), Wallich !

rae 18. T. cernnus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 439, ¢); stems erect, terete,

slender, 18 in. long, coarsely tubercled, with flat, regular, dise-like

rominences ; sterile stems when present shorter, sparingly branched;

branches filiform, curved; cauline sheaths 1-11 in. long, tightly

convolute, thinner at the apex, gradu ally tapering, obsoletely

nodding ; spikelets 1-3 in. long, cc alone ultimately

clavate ; spathe oblong, “acute, mucronate, as long as the spikelet;

bracts at first closely overlapping, ultimately loosely impbricate,

oblong-obovate, coriaceous, ferruginous, shortly mucronate ; flowers

arcuate, shorter than the bracts ; eats dep tnenite linear-oblong ;

lateral conduplicate, with a narrow keel; female plant like the

male ; spikelets solitary or twin, many-flowe red, cuneate-oblong, § in.

ong; bracts loosely imbricate, oblong-lanceolate, longer than the

orbicular flowers; perianth-segments membranous, ‘with ‘purple lines ;

outer lateral deeply winged- carinate, with lacerate keel ; intermediate

oblong, obtuse, membranuns, lacorate and fringed ; inner 3 oblong,

obtu use, lacerate ; fruit oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, 1: celled, 1-seeded,

sadehiicent; Plead ast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x . 232; DC. Monog.

Phan. i. 325, t. 2, ‘fig. 28-37 ; t. 5, fig. 8, e-d. Restio cernuus,

Thunb. Diss. 10, fig. 2 ; Gant Delect. i, 45, t. 2, fig. 2; and Thund.

herb. ex Mast. . Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 415. R. spicigerus, Lam.

Td. t,. S04, fo, 2. He. umbellatus, Thunb. herb. partly ex Mast. in

Journ. Linn. Soe, xiv. 415, not of Thunb. Diss

Coast Region : Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Drége, ai 3g! near Cape T Town, Bolus,

2881, 3! Camps Bay, Burchell, 340, Sy Table Mountain, MacGillivray,

434, 3! hills below Table Mountain, Thunberg ! near Beker Town, Milne, 217, $!

Voreester Div, ; Drakenstein Mountains, wid Bains Kloof, 1600-2000 ft., Bolus,

103, $! Riversdale Div. ; lower part of the Lange Bergen, near Kampeche Berg;

Burchell, 6963, J and 2!

or of the spikelets. Had they not been already separated by Kunth, it might

e been better to have considered them as forms of one variable species.

up T. distichus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 233) ; a

1-2 ft. high, slender, terete, nimple or slightly aad, olivaceous,

leaf-sh

white-tuberel ed ; eaths 3 in. long, closely eonvolute, conse

mucronate, aristate, deeply mem branous near the apex ; sterile a i

shorter, more branched, leafy; male spikelets 2-5 at she a of t

stem, each about } in. long, oblong, compressed ; spathe oblong,

pee

gr ee ee eee ee ee ee

Thamnochortus. | RESTIACE® (Masters). 129

acuminate, aristate, as long as the spikelet; bracts ultimately loosely

spreading, lanceolate, convex, coriaceous, longer than the flowers ;

outer perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; lateral boat-shaped,

about + in. long, ¢ cylindric, aeute, ultimately compressed, oblong,

many-flowered; spathe lane eolate, acuminate, shorter than the

spikelet ; bracts ultimately loosely imbricate, lanceolate, coriaceous ;

shorter, flatter, united at the base; staminodes none; ovary

cuneate, trigonous, 2-celled; stigmas 3. Mast. in DC, Monog.

Phan. i. 326. Restio distichus, Rottb. Progr. 11; Descr. et Ie.

Steud. Synops. ii. 254; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 248

and x. 233. Restio punctulatus, Nees ex Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soc.

vill, 242. R. v vimineus, Linn. herb.! Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soc.

‘590.

Coast Reaion : Cape Div. ; Pars Mountain, Drége, 64, g! Cape Fla

Bolus, 4484, 31 Pampoens Kra Zeyher, a Tulbagh Div. ; Witsen Berg me

Skurfde Berg, near Tulbagh, Zehr, 3511737, 5! Riversdale Div. ; lower part

of the Lange Bergen, near Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 7040, 3!

15. T. caricinus (Mast, in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 327); stems

erect, terete, simple, olive- coloured, puncticulate ; jeaf-sheathe closely

convolute, about t 1 in. long, coriaceous, striate, tapering, ultimately

perianth-segments oblo ong, muticous; outer lateral narrowly winged,

cela’ the remaining segments flattish; anthers apiculate ; female

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Masson ! Thom, 900, 3!

Coast Reeion + Cape Div.; Simons Bay, Wight!

6. T. gracilis (Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. 1 i, 327); stem

23 ft. high, slender, erect, terete ; leaf-sheaths in. long, closely

Prect, sparingly branched cyme, 2-3 in. long; each spikelet 2 lines

eid erect, many-flowered, oblon ng, obtuse ; spathe lanceolate,

nate, a8 long as the spikelet ; bracts coriaceous, shining brown,

lanceolate, acuminate ; upper margin white, membranous ; flowers

] 3 Compressed; outer perianth-segments oblong, obtuse ;

Bey boat-shaped, deeply keeled; keel glabrous ; staminodes none ;

He ov void-globose ; style solitary.

Darl ii, 786 pu wor Div. ; Mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal,

VEX, K

130 RESTIACEE (Masters). [Thammnochortus.

17. T. floribundus (Kunth, Enum. iii. 435); stems aie erect,

terete, minutely puncticulate ; spikelets oblong, 2-3 lin. long ; bracts

loosely imbricate, shining; perianth-segments ferrug ae two

outer lateral shorter than | the others, mucronate, with a shallow,

glabrous keel; anthers l-celled. Steud. Synops. ii. 259 ; Mast. in

Journ. Linn. Soe. x. 231, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 32 8.

Coast Recion: Reynaud. No specimen at Kew.

18, ? T. occultus (Mast.); stem erect, 2 ft. high, terete, olivaceous,

with whitish, flat tubercles, sparingly Leaded leaf- sheath 8 $ in

spreading or pendulous, flattened; male spikelets about 2 in. long,

oblong, acute, with an open sheath-like spathe at the ba ase ; bracts

oblong- lanceolate, coriaceous, ssed, chestnut-brown, €X-

ceeding the flowers; outer vic iant Dense linear-oblong ; two

lateral conduplicate, glabrous ; intermediate flat, with a gun

inner 3 membranous, rather shorter than the outer ;

anthers apiculate ; rudiment of pistil minute, with traces of ‘itee

i Reeton: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-3000 ft., Drég’

1612, 2!

19. T. striatus (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 339); stems 3-4 ft. high,

erect, striate ; leaf-sheaths 14 in. long, tightly convolute, acuminate,

mucronate, striated ; female spikelets numerous, in long spike-like

cymes, each nearly half an inch long, obovate; bracts lanceolate,

mucronate ; outer perianth-segments acute ; tinal navicular, wit!

pressed, roundish ; style simple. Steud. Synops. ii. 260

Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 231, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 328.

elongatus, Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 339, not of Mast.

Coast Region : Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Krauss. No specimen at Kew.

Allied to T. spicigerus ?

VIII. HYPOLANA, R. Br.

e inflorescence 1-pluristachyate. Spikelets 1—many-flowered,

ocean by a spathe. Perianth-segments 6, in two rows; outer

larger, thicker ; lateral conduplicate. Bicedgs 3; anthers 1-cell

Fema le spikes solitary, or few, 1-flowered. Peri ranth — stipitate,

6-partite, biseriate ; segments appressed to the sessile, 1-celled ovaty-

Styles 2. Fruit ovoid or trigonous, 1-celled, indehiscent, page

pex

with an epigynous dise. Seed solitary, pendulous from the a

the single cavity.

Perennials with erect, branching stems, and close leaf-sheaths.

Distr. South-west Australia,

Hypolena.] RESTIACEZ (Masters). 131

Stems narrowly winged...

Stems not winged ;

ale spikelets in spicate or panicled cymes ;

ale spikelets placed edgewise to the axis:

Spikelets flattened :

pikelets 4-4} lin. long, somewhat ;

crowded ; stems wiry, erect +» (2) impolita,

Spikelets 2-3 lin, long, remote :

Stems very nder, _erect,

sparingly branched; spikelets

(1) anceps.

broad .., ove ik eee

Stems filiform, spreading, dif-

fusely branched; spikelets

(3) browniana.

narrow .., (4) diffusa.

Spikelets cylindric :

Spikelets clustered, subcapitate :

Bracts acute, mucronulate

(5) eckloniana,

Bracts oblong, obtuse... .. (6) incerta,

Spikelets loosely panicled ; :

Bracts aristate ... so. «es (7). lgxifiora.

(8) aspera.

sracts acuminate wae ve

Spikelets in linear, spicate cymes :

Spathes and bracts acuminate, f

aristate.., ise fe .» (9) tenuis,

Spathes and bracts shortly 4 ?

mucronate sce ys ... (10) filiformis.

Male spikelets with one surface turned towards

the axis: ;

Spikelets remote; bracts coriaceous _... (11) virgata.

Spikelets rather crowded ; bracts scarious *

.. at the tips... ei oe we ive: OX) Burchellii. *

Male spikelets solitary at the ends of the branches,,, (13) gracilis.

ees: perianth-seoments oblong-lanceolate, 1-nerved ; inner 3 shorter,

yaline 3 anthers linear oblong, apiculate. Mast. in DC. Monog.

Phan. i. 373.

Burt htt Beorom « Riversdale Div.; towards the summit of Kampsche Berg,

; F hell

5896 pray: pny »d ! George Div.; on the Post Berg, near George, Burchzll,

2. o impolita (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 264); stems tufted,

: 3

rise high, s bereled ; leaf-sheaths

; paringly branched, roughly tubereled ;

<e long, loosely rt roughly tubercled, with a deep hyaline

Spikes in terminal, panicled, distichous cymes, com-

org Y aitanged, oblong-lanceolate ; lateral perianth-segments opposite

® rachilla, oblong, conduplicate, keeled; remaining segments flat,

b ; anthers linear-oblong, apiculate ; female inflorescence less

Ta ce . > 1

Kx 2

132 rustiacE® (Masters). [ Hypolena.

impolitus, Kunth, Enum. iii. 404 ; Mast.. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii.

249. RB. triticeus, Thunb, herb. male specimen! Mast.in Journ. Linn.

Soc. xiv. 418.

hag AFRICA: ae ioe ee 3! Bachmann, 3!

Region : Clanwilliam Div. ; ae n La ange rows rp Heeren Loge-

sins below 500 ft., te 67, ot Div. ; mountains in the Mae <

New Kloof, 1000 ft., oe Hi ae Afr., 1677! ‘Cal don Div.;

Ho ok Mountains, Zeyher, 4

No female specimen at inet

3. H. browniana (Mast.); stems erect, aad branch-

ing; branches erect, terete, of the thickness of a crow- -quill,

yellowish with mi inte white spots ; leaf-sheaths about 4— 5 tte long,

tightly convolute, coriaceous, brown, subulate-mucronate ; male

spikelets 4-8, in erect distichous spikes, each spikelet many- -flowered,

roundish, somewhat compressed, 3-4 lin. in. diam.; spathe nearly

long as the spikel

interm ediate shortest, “flattish with a central rib; inner equal,

oblong, chartaceous ; : eee 33; pistillode minute.

Coast Region: Caledon on stony mountains around Houw Hoek,

1500 ft., MacOwan, Herb. chee ie 1727,.3 !

Pigs sec the female plant has not been detected, yet it seems probable, as Mr.

own has cg that the above represents a new species of Hypolen4

alice to oa impolita, Mast

445 H. diffusa (Mast.) ; stems filiform, erect, 6-8 in. high, terete,

coarsely tubercled, divaricately branched; br: erous, Very

slender, wiry ; teak sheathin 4-1 in. long, closely nis ae coriaceous,

cence Jong;

lanceolate, acuminate, deeply hyaline above; inflor Jo

linear, flexuose ; male spikelets in linear eymes, re sessile oF

pedicellate, { ins long, 1-2-flowered: spathes Laie. ct peat his

subcoriaceous, membranous at the x; bracts oblong, acute,

apex; brac ng;

exceeding the flower; perianth-segments ee obtuse ; outer

subcoriaceous ; inner subequal, membranous; stamens vat ppoleen a

aspera, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 264 part rtly.

ce REcIon : Caledon Div. ; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Mountains, Burchell,

“5. H H. ecklo loniana (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. x. 268, 7, A);

spikelets in pet terminal a wy ‘on or oniae cylindsi,

oblong, each placed edgewise to the thachis, n 2 in. longs.

ovate-oblong, obtuse, loosel acked ; perianth-segments eq

linear-oblong, hyaline ; anthers apiculate; female spikes 1-8 at the

ends of the branches, cylindric, oblong, ultimately pear-sha.

Hypolena.] RESTIACE (Masters). 133

striolate, equal and appressed to the ovary ; fruit cylindric-oblong,

coriaceous; style simple, short ; stigmas 2, linear. Mast. in DC.

UT -

Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv, 417, 418. Restio paniculatus, Linn. herb.!

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 590.

Sout Arrica: without locality, Thom, 632 partly, g and 2!

Coast Reeron: Stellenbosch Div.; Hottentots Holland, Thunbery, ¢!

Caledon Div.; mountain near Grietjes Gat, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Donker Hoek

Mountain, Burchell, 7989, g ! Houw Hoek Mountains, 1000-3000 ft., Zeyher,

8, og!

6. H. incerta (Mast.) ; stems 2-3 ft. high, erect, terete, sparingly

branched ; branches fasciculate, ascending, olive-coloured, slightly

Tugose, white-spotted ; leaf-sheaths about 3-4 in. long, tightly _con-

volute, coriaceous, striate ; apex membranous, rather acute, with a

subulate mucro; male spikes 5-7, aggregate at the ends of the

SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Thom, 1031, 3!

oast Region: Stellenbosch Div.; Lowrys Pass, Burchell, 8267, 3 !

ys Pass, ’

ee Div.; mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell,

1. H. laxiflora (Nees in Linnea, v. 663) ; stems filiform, capillary,

slightly compressed, branched, purple-spotted; leaf-sheaths } in.

ong, somewhat loosely convolute, subulato-mucronate ; male spikes

numerous, arranged at the ends of the branches in loose paniculate

cymes, each about 1 in. long, 1-2.flowered, subtended by a spathe as

ong as itself; outer perianth-segments subcoriaceous, oblong,

Searcely keeled ; inner hyaline, flattish ; anthers apiculate; female

Spike solitary terminal, 1- red, 1 in. long ; bracts loosely imbri-

cate, oblong, with long setaceous points; perianth-segments equal,

oblong, -herved; in hyaline; ovary oblong, obtuse ;

bd oe -

stylopod, Kunth, Enum. iii. 451; Steud. Synops. ii. 265 ; Mast.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 263, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 369.

Coast Region: Ca Div. ; Table Mountain, in fissures of rocks towards the

1? Ecklon, 843, 3 cha iy Caledo Div. | mountain near Grietjes Gat,

ttween Lowrys Pass and Palmiet River, Ecklon and Zeyher, 3!

: 8. H. aspera (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 264 partly) ; stems

ufted, filiform, erect, much branched, rigid, coarsely tubereled ;

leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long, closely convolute, acuminate, deeply

hyaline at the tips ; male spikes numerous, in much-branched, ter-

minal, panicled cymes ; each linear-oblong, with a loose spathe at the

®; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, thyaline. at. the tips; perianth-

134 RESTIACEE (Masters). [Hypolena,

— unequal, linear-oblong ; outer lateral meet cari-

nate, opposite the axis of the spike; remaining segments smaller,

thinner, aR anthers linear-oblong, apiculate. pean im

Monog. Phan. i. 371.

Souta Arrica: without locality, Thom, 632a, g !

Coast ReGcion: Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland Mountains at Lowrys

ass, Ecklon and ail ad} Caledon Div. ; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Moun-

tains, Burckell, 8069, 3!

Variable in habit and stature.

9. H. tenuis apes in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 265); culms tufted,

erect, filiform, 18 in. long, striate or subangular ; Jeaf-sheath } in.

long, tightly iuavianee setaceo-aristate, longitudinally sulcate; male

spikelets in long ierminal spikes ; aoe with a long, open, setaceo-

aristate spathe; flowers facing the axis of the spikelet; perianth-

segments linear, oblong, subequal ; hewn apiculate ; female spikes

solitary ; pe erianth-segments oblong-obovate ; re trigonous ; sty1es

2, deciduous. Mast. in DC. Monod. miaaaenes yee:

F hong "Burchell, 7360, » 2! Rive redei e Div.; lower part of i — bese

near Kampsche Be erg, pen 7 028, $! onthe Kampsche Berg, towards the

mmit, Burchell, 70 ar Geo rge Div. ; on the Post Berg pa Georg’,

Barshelt 5896 partly

10. H. filiformis (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 267); stems

erect, slender, sparingly branched, purplish, white-spotted ; leaf-

segments oblong, ferruginous; ngrhy conduplicate, Mang inner

hyaline ; batons ‘apiculate. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i

Sovrn Arrica: without locality, sale g

Pio Region ; Caledon Diy. ; Houw Hoek Mountains, Zeyher, 4349 partly,

41. H.? virgata (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 268) ; culms

erect, senile. moderately branched, olive-coloured, thinly tubercled

and white-spotted ; leaf-sheaths about in. high, tightly conyvolute,

striate, with a long mucro ; male spikelets 8-10, in terminal, spike-

like cymes ; each spikelet oblong, about 2 in, long ; spathe elliptic,

mucronate; bracts oblong, i

Coa pass n Div. ; mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near Gena-

Rondel: "Burehell, sai7, aL Genadendal, Drége, 1613, 3!

12. H.? Burchellii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 268); stems

2-3 ft. high, tufted, erect, terete, olive-coloured, white-spotted

” cients atin sae a = =

ll...“ ses eee, eee

Hypolena.] RESTIACEE (Masters). 135

peta wah in the middle; branches a virgate ; leaf-sheaths

a ip 5

long, with a subtending spathe ; bracts loosely imbricate, oblong-

lanceolate, filaceo- aristate, deeply hyaline ; outer perianth-segments

oblong-lanceolate, cartilaginous ; lateral conduplicate ; ; inner smaller,

thinner, oblong. Mast. in DC. Mon nog. Phan. 1. 374.

oast Region : Caledon Div. ; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Mountains, Burchell,

8116, g! sre of Bavieane Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7632 partly,

é! 7894 p rtly, co!

aths Sethe eg

the spi elets ; bracts loose, oblong, acuminate; outer perianth-

segments oblong ; lateral keeled; villous; inner hyaline, broader

than the outer; anthers apiculate. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan.

75.

st Region: Ca ipe Div.; mountains near Cape Town, Zeyher, 4347, ee

dine ‘Shnons Town, Zeyher, 1006, ¢! Wright, eds Muizen Berg, 200-600

Bolus, 4466, $! MacOwan, Herb. Aust. Afr., 1670

IX. HYPODISCUS, Nees.

Male inflorescence solitary or paniculate-cymose. Pertanth-segments

» in two rows; outer lateral conduplicate. Female inflorescence

of 1 or few spikelets i in linear, spieate cymes. Flower solitary, sessile

or stipitate. Perianth- -segments small, hyaline, subequal, sometimes

wanting. Ovary on a fleshy stalk, l-celled, smooth, lobed or

an epigynous dise, dividing inte two linear stigmas, 4 .

inner surface, Fruit bony, indehiscent, 1-celled, with a sing

pendulous ovule, senna at the base by the persistent perianth,

and ae by t the

Rush-like herbs with creeping rootstocks and tufted stems, covered at the base

with ae apping n:: sheaths,

Disretr, Endem

) Willdenovia.

Male spikel a acetate

pikelet solitary, oblong; spathe short, a ae, % nitidus.

Male “em clustered, subglobose ; spathe lo

Stems ter,

pper Sait ae eee

Upper leaf-sheaths present

Fe ee perianth wanting ; male spikes panicled,

ilvery sae ‘

Female soul anth accrescent ; male and “female

spikelets solitary, oblong, or aggregated es

(3) oliverianus,

(4) argenteus.

(5) aristatus.

- 136 RESTIACE® (Masters). [ Hypodiscus.

Female perianth | minute :

Stems fistular

Male _periauth-segments awned ; male inflor-

scence panicled ete F (6) Neesii.

Male. perianth- mania not awned ... (7) binatus.

Stems solid :

Stems striated .» (8) striatus.

Stem smooth not 8 triated

anaes su nted by long, filiform appen-

ale (9) synchroolepis.

Ovary surmounted by a a cup-shaped, toothed

i “ve Be ne se 2 LO} mcsoringaas

Ovary surmounted by a few, short teeth . (41) ru

re H. Willdenovia (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 259); stems

tufted, 8-12 in. high, erect, slender, flattened, suleato- antes simple ;

leaf-sheaths tightly convolute, subulate, mucronate, about 1 in. long ;

male and female spikes of like pias a 3-3 in. long, solitary, pa

oblong, compressed, provided at e base with an o en, aristate

aristate; flowers oblong-lanceolate ter perianth-segments

ferruginous, mueronate; lateral mae glabrous ; inner

Pas em shorter than the outer, hyaline, combined into

tube at the base ; anthers linear-oblong, apiculate ; female flower

solitary; perianth-segments hyaline, oblong, free; ovary oblong,

obtuse, shortly stalked, surmounted by a fleshy tk styles 2,

ast. in DC. Monog. "Phan. i 389, ¢. 4, jigs. 7-15, and t. 5,

g. 1%. Willdenovia striata, Spies. Syst. Veg. i. 188. Lepidan-

thus Willdenovia, adie in mane v. 665, as to the male plant.

Restio sulcatus, Kunth, Enum. iii. 404 ; Steud. Synops. it. 253.

s Lg Sogireigte Thunb. hor as o female specimen! Mast. in Journ.

oc 418.

Coast REGIon s Seer Div.; Peg Flats, Burchell, 8545, 3! tether, 3) Ecklon

and Zeyhe r, $ and Q!at the foot of Muizen Berg, near Fish Hoe 20C ft.»

Bolus, 4465, g$! Stellenbosch Div.; Lsticnbes Holland, Zeyher ! greet 3

iv.; near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, ,d! Knysna Div. ; near the wes

end of Groene Vallei, Burchell, 5646, 3 and cn

V 2. H. nitidus (Mast. in Journ. Soc. Linn, x. 259); stems 12-18 in.

high, erect, simple, compressed, brownish, rugulose; leaf-sheath

is in. long, peney yailhinies setaceo-mucronate ; male spikelets

numerous, with close terminal panicles, proteeted la

sheath-like spathe, each obo we bract salaaly bya Ie with a

long acumen ; outer perianth-segments sabia ferruginous, oblong,

acute 3 literal conduplicate ; inner shorter, ovate, tuse, apicu-

late, pps anthers linear, apiculate. Mast. in DC. Monog.

omen Recion: Tulbagh Div,; New Kloof near Tulbagh, pag g! at the

foot of mountains in the vicinity of New Kloof, near Tulbagh, 850 Phe acQwan,

Herb. Aust. Afr, 1680! summit of Winterhoek Mountain, Ecklon

Hypodiseus. | RESTIACE® (Masters). 137

/ 3. H. oliverianus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 254); stems

tufted, slender, erect, unbranched, 2-3 ft. high, with athe at

the very base only, purple- spotted ; male spikes 2-3, approximate at

the ends of the stems, rarely solitary, each oblong or top-shaped,

about 4 in. diam., protected at the base by an open shining yellow

spathe, as long as the spike; bracts tightly imbricate, cartilaginous,

chestnut- brown, ending in a long, white, spreading awn;

arcuate, compre essed ; perianth-segments unequal, lanceolate ; anthers

apiculate ; female spikes 2-3 at the end of the branches, 1- ‘flowered,

cylindric- lanceolate, with an sai yellowish spathe at the base ;

bracts oblong, chestnut- brown, with a long, straight, or twisted

pier. ~eneer minute, h aline ; ; segments subequal, ovate ; ovary

on a fleshy stalk, oblong, surmounted by a yellow, fleshy, lobed disc ;

style short ; stigmas 2 , linear. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 381.

Coast R N: Siaaiatvieih Div.; Hottentots Holland rae near

Grietjes Gat, Bolus, 4222, g! Galadon Div.; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek

Mountains, Burchell, 8118, Sand?!

- argenteus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 261) ;

tufted, erect, 2-3 ft. high, sparingly branched, terete, faintly Peay

leaf she aths 1 in high, tightly convolute, acuminate; male spikes

very numerous, collectad in terminal, close, aie weed panicles,

ed b i

lam. ; bracts oblong, acuminate, membranous at the tips, concealing

: outer perianth-segments oblong-lanceolate,

acuminate ; inner scarcely shorter, membranous ; anthers 0 lone

apiculate ; — pnt 1-3, terminal wedge- rae about 3 in.

Placed on a fleshy, lobulate stalk. Mast. in DC. Monoy. Phan. i. 383.

Leucopleus argenteus, Nees in Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 450, Restvo

argenteus, Thunberg, Diss. 14; in siti, Delect. i. 205 Shane

f Mast. in siaglae aid roe xiv. 417

on tl e Bere Burohell, 7058, ‘Qandd

; enereiy alo es near Ceres, 2400 ft., Bolus,

Wserman Dr “5. by the fee eo River,

Zeyher. 1338, 9g! rie Wikagtelsnd: rocky hills by

status (Nees in Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 450); stems

branch cect, cylindric, olive-coloured, white-spotted, sparingly

canched or quite simple ; leaf-sheaths 11 in. long, tightly convolute,

oben ene apex, s ubulato-mucronate ; ; male spikelets subglobose or

branel,. solitary or more c¢ mmonly ariey at - a of the

. ee braets with ine spreading aw flow mpress ed,

138 RESTIACEA (Masters). [ Hypodiscus.

lateral conduplicate, villous ; mire 5 pera ; female spikes soli-

peak or few, approximate at the sof t ranches, ovate-oblong,

t 1 in. long, Aleaded by a ors like spathe ; bracts ovate-

lancet, yellow-margined, with long terminal awns; flower

stigmas 2, Pn fruit oblong, obtuse, smooth, bony, purplish,

surrounded at the base by the persistent perianth ; seed solitary,

pendulous. Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 252, and in

oe Phan. i. 380. Restio aristatus, Thunb. Diss. 10, No.

4, male, in Usteri, Delect. i. 44, t. 2, fig. 4. Fl. Cap. 3

Schult. 83; Zhunb. Herb.! male aes Mast. in Journ, Linn.

Sor. xiv. 4155 Nees in Linnea, v. 636; Kunth, Enum, iii. 338

male ae excl. syn.; Steud. Sper. il, 249, male plant excl. syn.

ap. bicolor (Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soc. x. 253); awns and margins of the

lentsheaths, oe and bracts aa yellow. Mast, in DO. Monog. Phan:

ae Arrica: without locality, isco ¢! Drége, 21 3! Sieber, ae ey

Coast Region: Piquetberg Div. ; Piquet Berg, 1500-3000 tt., Drege, 3,6!

Cape Div.; Camps Bay, Burchell, B89, Tus gant Div. ; "ae Kioof, near

Tulbagh, 1000 ft., MacOwan, Her t.-Afr., 1680, 3 and 9! 1681, ¢!

orcester Div.; Drakens tein, Siwiauieaees near “Bains Kloof, 1600-2000 ft., Bolus,

4106, ¢! Dutoits Kloof, ! ! on! tai bove

Worcester, Rehmann, 2555! Stellenbosch Div.! Hottentots Holland Mountains,

t., Zeyher, 4332, n Diy.; mountains near Grietjes Gat,

between Lowrys Pass and iet River, 2000 , gd and 9!

oek Mountains, 1000-3000 ft., Zeyher, 4332, be mountains of Baviaans

Kloof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7594, - ih Don ae “ — Mountain,

Burchell, 7963, ¢! Swellendam Diss ; mo ear Swellendam,

Burchell, 7373, 2! Riversdale Div. ; on gr as ehh a Burchell, 7057, ¢!

George Div.; on mountains near George, Drége, 3941, Zand @! lower part 0

the Post Berg, near ne Burchell, 6027, d and 9! Var. bicolor ; Clanwilliam

Div.; Oliphants River, Zeyher, g and Q! Aer Kloof, between Piquiniers

Kloof and Oliphants ive: Dreye, 2509, gand 3! Worcester Diy.; Dutoits

Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drege, 140, 3!

6. H. Neesii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 260); stems tufted,

erect, slender, eylindrie, fistular, suleato-striate; leaf-sheaths tightly

convolute, about 1} in. long, membranous at the tip and prolonged

into a long awn ; male bike less than 1 in. long, oblong, aggregate

into a long, linear, spicate cyme about 2 in. long ; ; bracts “with a

long whitish acumen; perianth-segments subequal, lanceolate,

acuminate; anthers aristulate; female spikes 2-3, terminal, pro-

tected by a long sheath-like spathe; bracts imbricate, acuminate,

aristate, rigid; flower solitary; perianth-segments sube equal, a.

abies acute ; , oblong, tubercled near the apex; stigmas

linear. Mast. in DC. ea nog. Phan. it

Clanwi liam Div.; near Brak Fontein, Zeyher! Pretoris

Coast Reaion :

Kloof, hakieek Piquinie ers Kloet and Oiphasts ee 1000-1500 ft., Drégés

2492, $1 2493, 2!

‘7. H. binatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc, x. 258); stems yen

erect, 2 ft. high, slender, simple, fistular, - olive-coloured,

a en

Hypodiscus. ] RESTIACEE (Masters), 139

spotted; leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long, tightly convolute ; apex

yellowish, subulato-mucronate; male spikelets 4—6, in an erect, linear,

panicled cyme, each protected at the base by te oblong, sulcato-

striate spathe shorter than itself; bracts ovate, acute, chestnut-

brown, thinner at the apex; perianth rigid, ferruginous; segments

‘ap anthers apiculate; female spike cylindric- lanceolate,

3 perianth-segments hyaline, subequal, ovate

oblong, pints stalked, surmounted by a yellow, warty dise ; 3 style

short, chestnut- brown, stigmas long. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan.

1. : Dovea binata, Steud. Synops. ii, 248, female only.

REGION : Pique tberg Div. ; Piquet Berg, 2000 ft., Drége, 2477, 3!

airs, 9! Tulbagh Div.; mountains in ‘the vicinity of New Kloof, nner 2 ulbagh,

Too ft., MacOwan, Her b. Aust. Afr., 1679! Ca oO Div.; on Donker Hock

Mountain, Burchell, 7958, 3! Houw Hoek, MacOua

eae

8. H. striatus (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc 258) ; rootstock

creeping, covered with brown seales ; stems 18- 4 in high, erect,

simple or sparingly branched, slender, terete, sulcato-striate ; leaf-

sheaths tightly convolute, ari istate s male spikele ets 3-6, subsessile at

the apex of the branches, protected by open, sheath- like, deciduous

spathes, spreading, cylindric, acute, many-flowered, rather less than

2 in, ong ; braets tightly imbricate, oblong, acute, coriaceous,

chestnut-brown ; outer perianth-segments linear-oblong, apiculate ;

i anthers apiculate; female spikes

Solitary or twin, erect, about 2 in. long, cylindric-lanceolate,

straight or curved ; bracts oblong-acute, cartilaginous, brown ; outer

perianth-segments "pbisng g, Hirata : inner shorter, broader; stami-

nodes 3, separated from the perianth-segments by a, short internode ;

ovary oblo ong, coriaceous, surmount ted. by an epigynous, horny,

Yellow disc ; styles 2, dicide uous; fruit Y aived. oblong jams

tubereled at the apex, yellowish, 1: celled, surrounded by the per-

sistent perianth-segments. Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 385.

Boeckhia striata, Kunth, Enum, iii. 449.

OUTH AF

OasT lixaios | yeh : deggie pera fie ae Si quintert Kloof

hants River, Dré ot Worcester Div.; near Touws River

000 fi 6 3

nboo

nat eer = Lange Kloof, Dré yA !| Humansdorp Div. ; romme River,

River. 1000 fs Drie, pc 2! Uitenhage Div.; mountains near El

Cry Ze

TRAL Reedy Pri be Albert Div.; Great Zwart Bergen near Klaarstroom,

€, 94:

ft., Drége,

Whevans ; REGion: Little Namaqualand Kamies Bergen at Hzels Fontein,

3500- ft., Drege, 2479, 3 ! 2480, Q! 2491, 3 !

ig satatitas male spikelets 6-8, ar sail in pairs in an erect,

eyme ; spikelet many flowered, ais ais about 4 in. long,

140 RESTIACER (Masters). [ Hypodiscus.

protected at the base by a short sheath-like — braets chestnut-

wn, ovate-oblong, with long terminal whit awns;_ perianth-

segments unequal, oblong-lanceolate ; lateral mci diislicee glabrous ;

1-seeded, surrounded at the base by a pexaiabctes perianth, Mast. 1

DC. Monog. Phan. i. 387

oast Region: Humans Div.; near Kromme River, Drege, 17,9 !

he sae Div. ; Van Sta aaa Bore, Scauik 4705, 3! Ecklon i Zeyher,

7,dand 9! Zeyher, 4334, dand@ !

-—

10. H. atboutictatns (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 257) ; stems

tufted, erect, 2 ft. high, slender, unbranched, purple spotted ; “Teal

sheaths about 1 in. long, tightly cane. aristulate ; male spikelets

“—3, approximate, oblong or subglohose acts oblong, acuminate,

whitish ; ter Pee erence ¢ oblong acute; an Inear,

apiculate ; female spikelets 2-5, approximate, oblong ; ovary oblong,

Stipitate, surmounted by a lobe d disc ; fruit oblong, surrounded at

the base by the persistent perianth, Mast . in DC. Monog. Phan. i.

382. Restio alboaris tatus, Nees in Linnea, v. 635; Kunth,

Enum. iii. 407 ; Steud. Synops. li. 249, as to the male plant. Restio

aristatus, Thunb. herb. / female plant, ex Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe.

xiv, 415. 1 Hypodiseus duplicatus, Hochst. in Pon. 1845, 338.

Boeckhia laevigata, Kunth, Enum. iii. 450, female plant

Sour AFrica: 803! locality, Thom, 1060, 3! Drege, 19! Massun!

Coast Reaion: Cape D 3 Table Mountain, Drege #; 19a, Ft Schlechter,

725; Devils Mountain, 206 ft., Bolus, ore Gand?! Cape Flats, Zeyher !

Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-30 00 ft., inde 15! 1653! Caledon

m 500— -, Zeyher, 4333! Uitenhage

Div. ; _— Stadens g, Ecklon ih Cohen, 816 3, 818, 9! Mountuins of

Baviaans Kloof, near ‘Gemdendal, Burchell, 7655, 9! Genadendal, 2000-

3000 ft., Dréye, 16 ! 9608

ey: H. ahi hat in. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 255) ; stems

eespitose. , 8-12 ong, simple, olivaceous, white s otted ;

leaf- sheaths aa + in. 1"

female spikelets 2-3, a aggregated at the anid of the iam cee abavt

the base by the e persistent perianth and s rmounted at ne apex 0

the deciduous style by six small teeth, a in DC. Monoy y. Phan.

i, 386.

Typodiscus,] RESTIACEX (Masters). 141

South AFRICA: without locality, Ecklon and Zeyher, 85,9 ! ;

Coast Rxeton : Swellendan Div.; Voormans Bosch, Zeyh2r, 4336, 9!

Male plant unknown.

X. CANNOMOIS, Beauvois.

Male spikelets numerous, paniculate cymose, with numerous open

deciduous spathes. Pertanth-segments 6, in two LOWS ; outer

larger; lateral navicular; filaments free; anthers linear-oblong.

Pistillode none. Female sptkes 1-3 at the apex of the branches,

surrounded by one or more permanent spathes, Perianth-segments

oblong, appressed to the fruit. Staminodes none. Ovary oblong,

obtuse, 1-celled ; styles 2, free, deciduous. Fruit stipitate, oblong,

obtuse, more or less compressed, coriaceous or woody, in ehiseent,

I-celled, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous from the apex of the funicle,

Stems rush-like, tufted or erect from a creeping rootstock; sheaths closely

convolute,

Distris, Endemic,

In my previous writings this genus is erroneously spelled Cannamois,

Spathes of male inflorescence deciduous. Au Pop

nt robust, much branched ; male spikelets oblong, He

-gin.long ... me "a os oe .. (1) virgata.

Plant simple or but slightly branched; male

spikelets } in. long. iehtl

acts roundish, usually acute or slightly eee

acuminate ge ie meena (2) scirpoides.

apie all mien nice et ee $ pee (3) simplex.

Spathes of male inflorescence persistent; bracts with

long whitish points (és oN ee, he ee a

branched

Pedicellate, ovoid-oblong ; bracts broadly ovate, acute, chestnut-brown,

fruit oblonc- d, Synops. ii, 263 ; C. virgata

&-ovate, plano-convex. Steud, Synoj

Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 340; Steud. Synops. ii. 263: Mast. in Journ.

inn. §

0c. X. 234, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 361.

“irgatus, Rotth. Descr. et Ic. 5, t. 1, fig. 2 O (1773); Thunb.

Diss. 20; in Usteri, Delect. i. 54; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 89 ; Thunb.

Herb. ! Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 419. R. Seopa, Thunb.

Diss. 205 in Usteri, Delect.i. 54; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 88 ; Thunb.

Herb.! Mast. in Journ, Linn. Soe. xiv, 417. Restio elegans, Potr.

142 RESTIACEH (Masters). [ Cannomois.

Encyl. vi. 171. Elegia gti Pers. Synops. ii. 607 (fide

synonym), Thamnochortus robustus, Kunth, Enum, iii. 436;

. 3

Mesanthus macrocarpus, Nees in Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2, 451,

1836; Kunth, Enum. iii. 485 ; Steud. Synops. ii. 264, Willdenovia

compressa, Thunb. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. xi. 1790, ¢. 2, fig. 3;

Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 82; and of Thunberg herb. ! Mast. in Journ.

Linn, Soc. xiv. 421.

7 fo ae AFRICA: without locality, Thunberg, and? ! Burchell, 5810, g! 5811,

eae AST Re GIon: Clanwilliam Div. ; Gift Berg, 1500-2000 ft. ae 139 pel

g! Onder Bokke Veld, Drége, 1606 ?, ¢ and?! Talbagh Diy. the

: AE n

Berg, Burchell, 869 dee 3; mountains around Ceres, 2 100 ft., pea

54 ue een ree Div. ; enstein Mountains, near Bains ve 1600-20

Bolus, 4088, 2! Dutoits ito, Drage, 1605, 2! 1606, gand 9! 1607, 7, monstrosity !

Caledon Div. ; as hy the Zonder Einde River, near Appels Kraal, Dephar, 1738, 3!

Semenien ; Voo pnd osch, Zeyher, aye Riversdale Div. ; between Vet

er and ee roinbeks River, Burche il, 7163, g!n dg foot of the Lange Bergen,

ear a ans mpsche Berg, Burchell, 7139, 3 eet ol: t Elizabeth Div. ; Witteklip

ner at near Port Elizabeth, "MacOwan, 2151, pooochion Alexandria Div. 3

Zuurberg Range, Drége, 2024, monstrosity !

ee in the size of the parts and in the shape of the male spikelets.

2. C. scirpoides (Hochst, in Flora, 1845, 340); stems tufted,

erect, fistular, moderately branched, somewhat coarsely rugulose ;

leaf-sheaths about 1 in. long, closely convolute, mucronate ; male inflor-

escence panicled ; spikelets numerous, crowded, each about 1 in. long,

ovoid, acute ; bracts lanceolate, markedly acuminate, chestnut- hrown,

shining ; perianth-segments ovate, apiculate, membranous; female

spike solitary, about 11 in. Cn ovoid, eylindric, surrounded at the

base by an open spathe nearly as long as itself; bracts concave,

neummeato-sristate, coriaceous ; terminal bract sterile ; flowers 2-3,

one only maturing ; perianth- -segments oblong, obtuse, membranous ;

fruit oblong, obtuse, compressed, PAA, ; seed solitary, arage

Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soc. x. 236, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 362.

Thamnochortus scirpoides, Kunth. Enum. ii. 438. Restio pre us,

Thunb. Diss.13; in Usteri, Delect. i. 48; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 85 ; and

Thunb. herb. ! male plant, Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soe. xiv

Sovrn Arrica: without locality, ies nber

bap ReGioN: Clanwilliam Diy.; Brak snbet Zeyher, Sand a Mado 2

Div. ; mountains jabove Wo rcester, Rehmann, 2674 3! Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek

Mciutin, 1000-3000 ft., Zeyher, 4837, gand 9! mountains of Dain 1ans Klcof,

eon Gana ndal, Bice 7874, 3! Uniondale Div.; Welgelegen, in Lange

CENTRAL Rigiow' Prince Albert Div. ; Great Zwart Bergen, near Vrolykheid,

4000-5000 ft., Drege, 100, g!

3. C. simplex (Kunth. Enum. iii. 448) ; stems erect from a creep”

ing rhizome, fistular, slender, scarcely branched, faintly striate,

obscurely rugulose ; leaf-sh eaths about 11 in. long, closely convolute,

mucronate; male spikelets num merous, terminal, in close, muc

branched panicles, each about 3 in. long; spathe open, lanceolate

Cannomois.] RESTIACEH (Masters). 143

acuminate, nearly as long as the panicle; bracts ovate-oblong,

acuminate, chestnut-brown, white- margined ; perianth-segments

oblong, obtuse ; female spikes few, sessile near the apex of the stem,

2—t In. long ; spathes oblong, acute, as long as the spikelet ; bracts

ovate oblong, acute, shining brown ; flowers solitary or two or three in

Thunb. herb. ! Cueullifera dura, Nees in Lindl. Nat. Sysz. ed. 2,

451, Thamnochortus strictus, Kunth, Enum, iii. 438 ; Steud. S: i

il. 259, 3!

Sourm Arrica: without localit Thiunberg, 3!

Coast ReGion: Clanwilliam Div; betecan'G Gr g River and Watervals

River, 2300-8000. ft., Drége, 10 01, 3 12514, e! Racitid fe Div. ; near —

Kloof, 300 ft., Bolus, £240, 31 Tulbazh Div. ; Tulbagh, Zeyher! Ceres Div.

mountains around Cer es, 1800 ft., Bolus, 5450 Pa

4. C. congesta (Mas st.) ; stems erect, 2-3 ft. high, of the thickness of

@ crow-quill or rather thicker, terete, unbranched, olivaceous, nearly

smooth, obscurely puncticulate ; leaf- sheaths about 1 in. long, tightly

convo lute, coriaceous ; apex lanceolate, shortly mucronate ; male flowers

numerous, in dense, compact, paniculate heads at t sa end of the

lateral segments oblong, rbnioege inner eae

: é i imi to e

flowers 3-4 in the spikelet; bracts oblong, acuminate, aristate ;

perianth-segments obsolete ; ovary cylindric, surmounted by a smo ooth

dome-like top from whence roceed the two styles. Mesanthus

Ricinus, Nees a in various Herbaria.

Coast Region: Clanw william Div.; Ceder Bergen, near Ezels Bank, 4000-

5000 It. Diss, 2508, dand @! ‘alba Hate” — places in the vicinity of New

Kloof, 1000 ft., MacOwan, Herb. Aus -Afr., ! Caledon Div. ; Donker Hoek

Sandee Burchell, 79609! 1 pant Ble Ait gf vera Ecklon and Westie

XI. WILLDENOVIA, Thunb.

Male inflorescence or pag! branched many-flowered ; female inflores-

Sree it Spicate cymes ; pikelets 1-flowered. Perianth-segments 6.

Stamens 3 ; 3 anthers 1 ook Pistillode none. Female flowers sup-

ported on a short t, fleshy, often lobed, stalk. Perianth-segments 6,

equal, persistent, Stam tnodes none. Ovary y 1-celled, generally sur-

y an epi eycione dise. Styles 2, deciduous. Fruit cylindric,

bony l-celled, indehiscent, Seed solitary, pendulous.

rep : ee es und producing

erect, more lane ee a covered with sheatl.-like scale Pp

Disrars, Endemic.

144 RESTIACER (Masters). [ Witldenovia.

Stems slender

Feat cbeathe twisted-aristate, > ia meee!

female peria was’ segments very short (1) humilis.

Leaf- — mina ste. aristate, not t twisted; _ female

peria seeigbarie nearly as long as the fru . (2) cuspidata.

Stems robust generally much branched :

Stem: a riate

Ge f-sheaths ods convolute, acuminate, aristate ;

vie ale perianth-seginents ovate, shorter than the

(3) striata.

List-aboethe closely convolute, ‘acuminate ; perianth-

segments nearly as long as the fruit (4) sulcata.

Leaf-sheaths deeply membranous, with long awns:

Spathe payeidg hese ene 3 membranous at

tip . divs is (5) arescens.

tk i inat ‘aristate,

“not membranous at the t .. (6) luceana

Spathe oblong-ovate, abrup em acuminate (7) teres.

~~ etuboed Gita fimbriate at the edges (8) fimbriata.

Imperfectly know (9) brevis.

at W. humilis (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 272); stems erect

from a decumbent base, about 1 ft. high, slightly branched, terete,

fistular, slender, — spotted ; leaf-sheaths 11 in. long, tightly

convolute, edges membranous, apex aristate ; male spikelets numerous,

in an erect, dire ade cyme; spathes ‘deciduous ; flowers loose ;

bracts oblong-lanceolate, membranous, ferruginous ; perianth-segments

subequal, ciliiform, twisted ; anthers linear-oblong ; ; female spikelets

1-3 in a linear, erect cyme, provided with a sheath-like spathe;

bracts sebielnaseilal mucronate, membranous; female flower

solitary sessile ; perianth-segments 41-6, ovate, hyaline, shorter than

the fruit; ovary on a short, fleshy stalk and with an a rir’

4-lobed dise ; ovule pendulous, Mast. in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 396.

Coast Ratios Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Ecklon, 867!; Ecklon and : eye!

Viellard, gand 9!

2. W. cuspidata (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 271); stems erect,

about 2 ft. high, terete slender with spreading branches ; leaf-sheaths

acted convolute, membranous above, acumin ate ; female spikelets

4 ;

membranous, scarcely as long as the fruit ; fruit stipitate, 8

obtuse, ae punctate ; styles deciduous. Mast. in DC.

Phan, i

Coast i EGIoN: Clanwilliam Div.; near Groen River and Watervals River,

1500-2000 ft., Drege, 2516, 9!

v S. Pa striata (Thunb. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. xi. 1790, 7,

t. 2, fig. 1); root-stock creeping ; stems a yard high, terete, sulcato

as , branched ; Jeaf-sheaths 4 in. long, loosely convolute, reer

deeply membranous, aristate,

Willdenovia.] RESTIACER (Masters). 145

ft Atte 1 in. long, densely paniculately cymose ; cymes erect,

ith numerous open deciduous sheath-like spathes ; bracts linear-

latieetlate, membranous; perianth-segments membranous, linear-

lanceolate, subequal; anthers peg female spikes 1-3,

at the base by the ei perianth. Thunb. herb. ! in, Journ.

Linn. Soc. xiv, 421; Kunth, Enum. iii. 453; Steud. Synops. ii. 262;

ast, in Journ. Linn. Soe. x. 270 and in De. Mono og. Phan. i. 394.

eink Abies :. without locality, Thunberg, 2! Drége, 960 9!

Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div.; Olipbants — Zeyher, 1736, g and

Re, Pitquetberg Div.; between Twenty-four iy and Piquiniers Kloof,

000 ft.. Drige 2520, de Malmesbury bey Lange Fontein, Zeyher,

monstry ! Cape” Div. ; between Wynberg mae Coast antia, Burchell, 787, 3!

Cape Flats, Bolus, 4467, monstronty Muizenberg, near Fish Hoek, Bolus,

Kreg a 4458, 2! Paarl Div ; by the Berg Riv er, Drége, 1645, 3! Worcester

Div. ; between the Bokke Veld and Hox River, Drége, 9610, 3!

4. W. suleata (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 270); stems erect,

2.3 f ft. high, terete, fistular, eee sulcate, ee branche 5

anthers linear, apiculate ; female spikelets 1-3 in linear erect cymes,

az in. long, eylindric- -oblong, ultimately turbinate, with a deciduous

Spathe ; bracts numerous, oblong obtuse, mucronate ; flower solitary

on a short, fleshy, unlobed stalk ; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse,

membranous, near y as long as the fruit; ovary oblong, Pipe

timed : whe 2, deciduous; fruit blackish, retuse, shorter t

the bra Mas n DC. Monog. Phan. i. 395.

& Wags Rs EGION: "cae D ; Cape Flats, Ean 930, gand 9! Bolus, 4435, 3!

und, Sine Town, Bolus, 3,2! Worcester Div.; mountains

abowe Wisesnee Raliaden: 2556, 2!

deciduous ; m inflorescence, about 2 in. long, boner oblong,

— merous sheath-like, open, oblong, acuminate spathes ;

Be ae linear-lanceolate, membranous; perianth-segmerits linear,

Pisin nous; anthers oblong, apiculate, purplish at the back ;

eit 3 solitary or geminate, terminal; spathe oblong,

: /@ceous, shinin brown, upper portion membranous, with a lon

146 RESTIACEX (Masters). [Willdenovia.

ovary oblong, obtuse, smooth; stigmas 2, deciduous ; fruit oblong,

horny, tubercled. Steud. Synope. ii. 262 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn

Soe, x. er and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 393.

Coa gion: Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder Bergen, 2000-2500. ft., Drege,

2522, aaiid 9! and 2521, monstrosity !

ai W. Iucewana (Kunth, Enum. iii. 455); stems a yard

more high, terete, tistular, clive-oloure, white saicied slightly

branched qian 1-14 in. long, tightly convolute ; margins

e us; apex ristate ; te inflorescence about 2 in. long,

loosely Fasten] see provided with oblong-lanceolate, acuminate

spathes ; bracts linear-lanceolate, membranous, ferruginous ; flowers

stipitate ; perianth-segments linear-lanceolate, equal, longer than

the stamens ; anthers oblong, apioulate ; female spikelets 2-3, sessile,

each provided w with an open spathe; bracts shining ferruginous,

oblong, subulate-acuminate ; female flower solitary, stipitate ; stalk

fleshy, 6-lobed; perianth- segments membranous, equal, oblong-

lanceolate, 1-nerved, mucronate; ovary cylindrical, with an

epigynous, Hagin, horny disc; stigmas 2; fruit oblong, obtuse,

ped bagel puncticulate near the top ; ; seed oblong, obtuse. Steud.

Syno 262; Mast. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 27 1, #. 8, fig. D, ane

. Phan. i. 392, t. 4, figs. 21-29, and t. 5, fig. 19.

Spirostytis Estion, tes in various pee 1.

Coast Recion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Pretoris Kloof, between Piquiniers Kloof

Ae Oliphant River, 1000-1500 ft., rig, 2515, Q! 2515a,9! Tulba gn Div.;

r Tulbagh, Zeyher! Worcester Div. ; rakenstein Moan ntains, near Bains

Kloo 9 eto tt., Bolus, 4085, monstrosity! 4094, 2! Caledon Div- ; Donker

Hoek Mountain, Burchell, 7961, g and 3! between Donker Hoek an nd Houw

76 Mountains, Burchell, 8010, monstrosity !

-—

7, W. teres (Thunb. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1790, 28, t

fig. 2); stems 3-4 ft. high, erect, terete, fistular, olive- eae,

covered with fine white spots, sparingly Lina upper leaf-sheaths

1 in. long, loosely convolute, membranous at the apex and prolonged

into a short awn; male ‘inflorescence 2-3 in. long, paniculately

cymose, t open, coriaceous, ferruginous, ovate-oblong,

. Lin

Monog. Phan. i. 392, Restio dichotomus, Gaertn. Fruct, iis 12

t. 82, fig. 3, a : Som. ; esa:

UTH ‘tomar : without locality, — Q! Veilla

Coast Ree ON : erage Div. + between Jakks als Riv sn Hh

Willdenovia. ] RESTIACE® (Masters). 147

8. W. fimbriata (Kunth, Enum. iii. 455); stems erect, 2 ft. high,

terete, unbranched, yellowish, puncticulate ; leaf-sheaths 1+ in. long,

tightly convolute, coriaceous, brown, fimbriate and ultimately

with a conspicuous midrib ; inner 3 rather thinner, scarcely shorter ;

anthers linear, apiculate; female spikelets 3-5-7, aggregated ;

bracts acute-rigid ; perianth-segments membranous, oblong, obtuse

smooth or tubercled, raised on a fleshy, lobed stalk; ovule pen-

dulous, Steud. Synops. ii. 263 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soe. x. 271,

and in DO, Monog. Phan. i. 394.

oplOAst Reaton: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4900 ft., Drege,

“611, 3! 1635, 9! Caledon Div. ; Genadendal, 1500-2000 ft., Drege, 1635a, ?!

Coast Reqton : Cape Div.; Mosselbanks River, Zeyher !

Perhaps a form of W. teres.

Excluded Species.

ga compressa, Thunb. in Vet, Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1790, t. 2,

&- 3 = Cannomois cephalotes, Beauv.

XIL. CERATOCARYUM, Nees.

; Male and female inflorescence different ; male densely paniculate-

i. many-spiked, with large leathery spathes. Bracts white,

anceolate, Perianth-segments in two rows. Anthers linear-oblong.

a male inflorescence spicate. Spikelets 1-flowered. Perianth-segments

i PPressed to the fruit. Jruit sessile, bony, subglobose, 1-celled,

“seeded ; styles 2, ;

Perennial rush-like

D plants, with stont ascending stems.

‘STBIB, Endemic.

Pi te 1) argenteum,

Stemefstnler SG) finatowum

ie senteum (Kunth, Enum. iii. 483 male plant) ; tall, little-

Perennial; stems erect, cylindric, purplish, minutely

batt sgt r) > ?

Sulose, Solid; leaf-sheaths 2 in. long, closely convolute ; male

148 RESTIACEZ (Masters). [ Ceratocaryum.

inflorescence terminal, 2-21 in. long, densely paniculate-cymose,

oblong, erect, nearly covered by the coriaceous, deep-brown, oblong,

acute spathes; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, twisted, 2 nerved,

membranous, whitish; flower siting stipit itate ; ; perianth- seaments

lanceolate, acuminate ; inner short anthers linear-oblong ; “female

inflorescence _ matin, linest-oblongs wile e, 2-4 in. long, pluri-

than the bracts; perianth sitanbh, at rh rows ; segments all sub-

orbicular, acute; ovary globose; fruit bony, subglobose, smooth,

ind chiscent, l-celled, 1-seeded; styles 2. Steud. Synops. ii. 264;

ast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 273, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 390.

Restio (Bley) argenteus, herb. Willd. fide Nees in Linnea, V.

656, not cea unberg. Ceratocaryum speciosum, Nees in various

her bari th

# AFRICA: without menaag © Drége, 105

Cousy Region: Caledon Div. = eek Kloof, Soler Hoek Mountains, Burchell,

8074, 3! oes ntains of Baviaans oof, near Genadendal, Burchell, 7656,

7905, $! ntains near Grietjes Gat, between Lowrys Pass and Palmiet River,

Ecklon hes Zeyher, gand 2

“cone Region: ivinuids Divs on the "atoeks Berg, Burchell, 7 7095,

XIII. ANTHOCHORTUS, Nees.

Male spikelets in terminal cymes 1-3 ft. long. Perianth of male

flower stipitate; segments oblo ong ; outer lateral condupliecate, acutely

keeled ; ahaa smaller. Filaments free ; anthers linear, Pistillodiwm

none.

nus adopted by Kunth and others,

pr are ably referable to Hypolzna,

perhaps W. striata, Thunb,

but very imperfectly known and

ma. Bentham suggests that it may be a Willdenovi4,

Aish: sda onii (Nees i in Lindl. Syst. ed. 2, 451); stems filiform,

slender, curved, four-angled, branched ; leaf-sheath about: 2 2fin. long,

mien. elliptic, acute, membranous ; male spikelets in *Slongated

Anthochortus. ] RESTIACE® (Masters). 149

cymes ;_ spathes sabia innecenr acuminate ; flowers stipitate ;

perianth-segments linear-oblong; lateral conduplicate, keeled ; inner

3 subeq ual; anthers “whee apiculate. Kunth, Enum. iii. 486;

Mast. in Journ. Linn, Soc. x. 274, and in DC. Monog. Phan. i. 398.

Coast REGIon; Swellendam Div. ; 3; mountains near Swellendam, Ecklon and

Zeyher !

Probably the male plant of some species of Hypolena.

Orper CL. CYPERACEZ,

(By C. B. CLaRKg.)

wers glumaceous, 2- or ual, Pertanth hypogynous, of

6 or yooety small scales or bristles, not petaloid, frequently irregular

or Imperfect, often , free, all anterior, or in a few

—— rior, ovoid, l-celled; ovule 1, basal;

or ovoid ; testa thin ; embryo minute, obpyramidal, “at the base of

the usually floury albumen.

sheathe Poon irre entire; flowers mai or lin spi (the axis 3 of

h rl he glumes being 1€ rhachilla of the spikelet) wah 1

1- or 2-sexual, with empty glumes either at bottom or top, th; spikele

rescen usually designated a as sais ; spikelets or spikes arranged in corym)s

or in Gooey ent umbels o

Distrip, Species apes ae pas throughout the world, growing

especially in da amp places

or neh or sahnat numerous, solitary, or in clusters or heads (such compound a

Sub-Order I. Scrapo-Scuoznes, Fertile flo wx picke all with perfect nero

Tim ot in Scirpus spathaceus and Tetraria crinifolia. [See also ‘ig poh

foot 5 ts in which Bentham regards the spikelet as possibly a 2-se

Tribe l. CYPER REE. Em lumes at the base of the spikelet 2 or 1; fer-

= glumes ma my, fow or i erg pia sp skelet, 2-ranked. [Rhac achilla of eT

f rarely twisted; after the glum and nate are fallen, the notches on the

eck can be seen to be ésiaity 2- ead) | Hypogynous bristles 0.

se —Style 2-branched. Nut compressed laterally, Spikelet bearing

Ul or 2 ands more) nuts. bearin

» Pycreus,— gy sd ha branched. Nut compressed laterally. Spikelet bearing

Ul Several or ing any n

oy Seen siyte 2-branched, Nut compressed dorsally.

v M # —Style 3-branched. Rhachilla of spikelet persistent.

t Style 3-branched. Rhachilla of spikelet caducous.

, Tribe 2, ribet ee: Empty glumes at the base of the spikelet 2-0 ; fertile

me ged spirally, many, often vei ery numerous,

150 CYPERACE (Clarke).

VI. Eleocharis.—Stem leafless, with one terminal spikelet

VII. Fimbristylis. amon war kal — 0. Style- — “constricted above the

nut, persistent, or deciduous w t leaving a butt

WE, artes is.—Style ng "athe a Gurion on the nut; otherwise as

tmbri.

18. dairvie. —style Leanna gradually pe continuously into the

X. Eriophorum.—Hypogynous pie t, divided nearly to the piety appearing

very ip aaewas as Sci

XI. Pine —Ova ary 00 @ more dlatinet obpyramidal gynophore ; otherwise as

xm. Puss. —Spikelets conspicuously hairy ; otherwise as Scirpu

XIII, Lipocarpha.— Hypo ceynons scales 2, hyaline, standing fore saa aft within

Sci :

XIV. Ascolepis.—Hypogynous scale 1, posticous, within the glume and longer

than it, thickened upwards, almost enveloping the nut; otherwise as Scirpus.

aoe 3. SCHOENEZ. Empty alvne? a the base of the spikelet usually

e than 2; fertile glumes few, very ofte

* Style ae

XV. Bynchospora.— Branches of style 2, long linear, or exceedingly short (style

then nearly entire).

** Style 3-fid. Fertile glumes, and empty glumes below them, more or less

2-ranked.

age — —Lowest flower perfecting a nut. Hypogynous bristles 6, long,

XVII. “Eeklones, Ps inl eg bristles feathered at the base, 3-fid at top;

Ca:

XVIII. | ache Lowe flower perfecting a nut. Rhachilla above perfect

flower lengthen

IX. Epischoen aa flower (or 2 tee flowers) not perfecting a nut.

Rhachilla aes the perfect flower lengthe

XX. Cos ia.—Lowest flower male. Whachilla not elongated above the

fertile flower.

.. Tetraria.—Lowest flower with a pistil that does not perfect a rd: other-

wise as Costularia. (In T. cuspidata, the lowest flower perfects a ut. ]

*#* Style 3-fid. Glwmes spirally placed. Lowest flower perfecting a nut.

XXII. Macrochnetium.—Hypogynous bristles long. Stamens 6.

XXIII. Cladium.—Hypogynous bristles 0 (in the Cape sp. Ye Samba 3-2.

Sub-O rder II. Mapanrex. Spikelet of one viene a flower without

aperianth. Lower glwmes, some with 1 stamen, some e

XXIV. Chrysithrix.—Style long linear; branches 3. aie next outside the

pistil empty.

Sub-Order III. Caricex. Flowers all l-sexual. Spikelets 1-sexual oF

2-sexual; if bisexual then consisting of 1 basal female flower, and 1 or maby

upper male fimerd:

XXV. Seleria.—Spikelet as or clustered. Hypogynous bristles 0. Nut

bony, ios on a gyno

XXVL. Eriosp Bie hres se crowded in small Scirpus-like spikes. Hypogynows

bristles i <hoe Nut small, not oy Sy _—

XXVII. Schoenoxiphium.—Nué enc met by a bott gti bract, peared split

down, often wnkainlag a rhachilla or a male spike. No comple’ ete utricles.

XXVIII. Carex.—Nut ee enclosed in a utricle. [In several andro-

gynous species the utricle is split down in such pete as have the upper male

portion or its y daachitia "hallg developed. |

CYPERACEZ (Clarke). 151

I. KYLLINGA, Rottb. partly.

Spikes ovoid or cylindric, dense, with many small compressed

spikelets. Spikelets of = 7 disti chous glumes, 1—4-flowered ; lowest

(or 2 lowest) flower 2- sexual, perfecting a nut; upper

flowers sterile, male, or uppermost glume empty; 2 est

glumes smaller, empty (bracts) ; rhachilla (wingless) in fruit

falling off by coer from a cushion below fa lowest

fertile flower. Stamens 1- 3, anterior; anthers narrow, oblong, not

crested. Style slontar: branches 2 linear, in a plane passing through

the rhachilla. Nu oblong or ellipsoid, compressed laterally, smooth.

Glabrous (in * Saheesiany and K. alba, var, B, the top of rah ulm is minutely

es ose

ce K. .

base of the stem 3 "ile scence a head of J-3 eefeoere! sbsolately sessile, spikes ;

Dis iiss ae ss, in all hot and temperate regions, except Europe. A’

specially ‘Aftioa genu

Subgenus I, Bet a Keel of fertile glume winged in fruit.

Head he white .

uf a.

Subgenu Bv-Kvnuivoa. Keel of fertile glume not winged. Spikelets

perfecting 1 pan ely 2) nu

oo ome horizontal, ge of 1 (rarely more) spike, Bracts rarely exceed-

Spike ofa few spikelets... 0. ue eee > creenral

_ Spike dense, often somewhat gg

Rhizome, horizontal or oblique, t chic Bra ‘often 4 or isk

acts ay — long; mil spi ike esl ... (4) elatio:

ong ; spike as ov we 1 scorn aee

y an Sie sige

Mi is a cylindric, straw-coloured ... ... (6) cylindrica. :

} Subgenus III. Pseupo- ee Keel of fertile glume not winged. Spike-

as often perfec cting 2 (or more) nu

Middle spik vm heat brown... ... (7) pulchella.

Spike globose, somew olden-brown ... ... (8) tetragona.

Spike large, globose, erect white fj (9) Lehmanni.

Spike esc straw-colou ae - (10) Buchanani.

a hes 3 di; aaa 0-5 (usually 3), spreading, lowest

~ «in. long, similar to the leaves; spike 1, $in long, r

152 CYPERACEZ (Clarke). [ Kyllinga.

stem minutely scabrous Lyne sgh at the top; spike dull golden-white or

greenish-white. K. alata, Neesin Linnza, ix. 286; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv.

K. aurea, Krauss in Shore. 1845, 757.

sot — pie locality, Zhe, Sr aes

Coast REeGion: Queenstown Div. n Table, Mountain ag W dete

Berg ft. Devoe, 3930 | Shiloh, ean. fe, "Drie Ko many oe v.; Kei R

Ellon! Flanagan, al Ye i Var. B, Bat Se ; near las idee of "hs

Kasuga River, 50 ft an, 727! Vit es ; be tween Van Stadens Berg

and Galgebosch, Burchel, ‘4681! and without mates locality, Ecklon and Zeyher,

450

363 !

Katanart REGION: Gian and West; between Witte Water and Riet

Fontein, Burchell, 1997! onus Free State: ome River, Burke, 202!

Basutoland, Cooper, 919! Transvaal; Croc Burke! Houtbosh, Reh-

mann, 5633 ! 5686! Magalies Berg, Zeyher, ring ! pr without precise locality,

MeLea in Herb. Bolus, 6020! 6021! Var. 8: Griqualand, Rehmann, 3397!

e, 301!

yous si REGION : pave Durban, Kuntze, 233! B, Natal; margin

of woods around Durban Bay, Hrauss. 202 neat Duta, Wood, noe arr

precise ante, Gerrard, 485! Rehmann, 8595 !

Also in South Tropical Africa.

2. K; pauciflora (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 147, +.

ot 6-8 spikelets, quer or somewhat golden; spikelets 3 in. long,

narrow-lanceolate, perfecting 1 nats fertile glume lanceolate, acute ;

keel wingless, green, smooth ; style 2-fid.

Ben Reeion: Natal; Buchanan, 329! 330!

so in oom This species is hardly separable from the world-wide XK.

senegiine Rottb

a 3. K. erecta (Schumach. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 42); glabrous; rhizome

horizontal, herbarium pieces often 3-4 in. long, varying from -4,—-3

in thickness, clothed with bright brown, horny, ovate, striate scales ; ;

stems 4-18 in. long, slender; bases hardly thickened, close together

or 1—1 in. apart on rhizome ; leaves often 3 the length of th e erg Lin.

; bracts usually 3, s spreading or suberect, lowest 2-5 in, long,

similar to the leaves ; : spike 1, ovoid, dense, golden-brown or fuscous :

elets 34 in. lon ng, ellipsoid, perfecting 1 nut; fertile glume

elliptic, keel wingless, green, minutely excurrent into a mucro, smooth

or with 1 or 2 microscopic ‘bristles ; aie. 2-fid; nut oblong, black.

K. pesca News in Linnea, x. 139, excl. Nees’ reference to Linnea,

vii. 512, 2 in pha ix. 286; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 422, exel.

ar. y. . consanguinea, Kunth, Sa. at, 125.

SoutH AFRICA: es serie 63 ibe 1763

Coast REGION : nhage -3 Ecklon eri Zeyher! Albany Div.;

Grahamstown, ‘Ecklon Glenn, “100 te: Drege, 4387 | ! Bothas Hill, 2200

ft. pret 1351! Komgha Div.; near Komgha, Flanagan, 917! ’ King

Williamsto a Div.3 Toise River, 3500 ft., Kuntze, 228! Queenstown n Div.;

Table Mountain, 4000-5000 ft. , Drege, 3931!

KaLanagi ReGion: Orange Free State ; Caledon River, Burke, 425! Trams-

Kyllinga. ] CYPERACE# (Clarke). 158

3; Rehmann, 4475! Bosch Veld, Rehmanwn, 5350! Hooge Veld, Rehmann,

Hoel se eting 5000 ft., Kuntze, 261!

Eastern Region: Transkei, 1000~2000 ft., Drége! Natal; Inanda, Wood,

1076! near ethan, Wood, oh . and without sien socality Gerrard, 706!

707! Buchanan, 99! Wood, 4 Delagoa Bay, Junod

Common throughout ak ie ‘and the Pretec isles.

7 4. K. elatior (Kunth, Enum. ii. 135); glabrous; ene obliquely

descending, thick but har ardly woody ; scales herbaceo s; stems 1-2 ft.

long, thick, triquetrous, somewhat remote on ny rhizome ; leaves

1 r

2- (rarely 3- ) flowered, ‘rarely perfecting more than lowest nut l

. fertile glume wingless, minutely excurrent into a green mucro,

smooth or very nearly so; style 2-fid; nut ellipsoid, brown,

less than 2 + the fougth of the "lume. Krauss in Flora, 1845, 757;

Boeck, in Linn, xxxv. 422

eyli indric, ce in, é ong ce irty- ee te: spikelet 2 in. long, es

T Region: King Williamstown Div.; Perie Forest, Kuntze, 270!

Komgha Div, ; near the mouth of the Kei River, 300 ft., Flanagan, 1789!

Katanart Enaion ; range Free State, Buchanan , 83! !

Eastern Recion Pondoland ; between Umtat ta River a d St. Fonts ee

1000-2000 ft. \Drige, 4384! Nat tal ; banks of the Umlaas he Krauss, 32! and

— ane locality, Buchanan, 98a! 324! Zululand; near tn

ad d, 3993

in South- east Tropical Africa.

5. K. m melanosperma (Nees in Wight, Contrib. pall ei 8 18 in.

long, slender, hardly triquetrous; bracts 4-3, 3 oad; head

Solitary, ov oid; keel of fertile glume often Buuare “mit finally

black [otherwise as K. elatior, Kunth]. Boeck. in Linnwa, XXxv.

9; C. B. Clarke in Hi k. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 588.

B Coast Region : Alban ; Assegai erie near Sidbury, Burchell, 4173!

rookhuizens Poort, near eater 2000 ft., MacOwan, 673!

ENTRAL REGION : rau cae ge Div. ; ; eee River, Bolus!

i : ’ yx!

pekst#RN Ructox: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft, Baur, 46! Griqualand

Wad een. Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tyson, 2864! 2865! Natal; Durban Fiat,

vita ip castle, nor 188 ! eo ae ee ranean

6-8 ; iia oe in Wight, Contrib. 2 rae ee

hott thise es the base, e

mi me cerry — phy 1 in. broad ; bracts 3,

zo leaves 2 as long as the stem,

hy : 2 F

middle Sede: 12 i long, Pore to the “leaves ; spikes ald

nude 3} by 2 in. cylindric, dense, straw-coloured ; spikelets

OO ly acute,

fe ting: beffpctiity 1 nut; fertile glume ovate, :

the Teles, smooth ; style 2- fid ; nut broad, ellipsoid, % as ne 4

in Li ume, yellow-brown when ripe (finally nearly black). ag

588. inneed, xxxy. 415; OF B. Clarke in Hook _f. Fl. Brit. Ini. vi.

154 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Kyllinga.

KALAHARI ReGion: Transvaal, Rehmann, 563

Eastern Reeion: Pondoland, Bachmann, 108 ! Natal; Inanda, Wood,

1421! and without ne locality, Buchanan, viet 23 !

Scattered throughou nei my Africa, Pe Mascarene Islands, India, and the

warmer part of Australi K. 00 a, Vahl, swtiel 4 is abundant in Tropical

and Sub-‘Tropical hase, 4 is ae caches separable.

hort, very slender; stem 6- long, slender, ee hardly

thickened at the base ; leaves tes as long as the stem, 2 in. broad;

bracts 3-4, spreading, lowest often 4 in. long, similar to de, leaves ;

spikes 8-1, middle one cylindric, } by +in. (but — examples occur

with one ovoid spike 1 in. long), dense; spikelets 1-1 in., 5—7-glume

perfecting 3- nuts ; glumes oat-s aped, ches tnut- brown ; keal

VA 7. K. pulchella (Kunth, ene ii, 137); glabrous; stolons

s 15

102; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 405. XK. atrosanguinea, Steud. in

Flora, 1842,

Souta Arrica: without locality, Zeyher, 1755!

‘stefan Re@ion: Komgha Div.; among rocks near Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanaga”,

1261!

CENTRAL ReGion: Albert Div.; 4500 ft., Drége, 7384! Somerset Div. ;

Bosch Berg, 2500 ft., MacOwan, 1 ao

KatanaRi REGI ION n: Orange Free tate; Riet River, Burke,433! Transvaal

Hooge Veld, at Trigards Fontein, Donel 6670! Houtbosh, Rehmann, 5620!

Also in Abyssinia,

8. K. tetragona (Nees in Linnea, vii. 512); small, glabrous oF

the top of the stem minutely sca cabrous- pubescent ; rhizome woody,

erect, short, often divided at the top, covered with scales torn into

brown fibres; stem solitary, 3-7 in. long, slender, thickened at the

base by leaf-sheaths ; leaves 1 as lone as the stem, —. in. broad

bracts 3,8 spreading, lowest 1—2 in, long, similar to the leaves ; spike

re i hf

Enum. ii. 137, partly. K. inaurata, Boat in n Linnea, xxxv. 406.

SoutH AFRICA: ee locality, Ze

yher

noah REGION: a eenstown Div. ; tnbetis Table Mou d the Zwart

Kei River, Drége, 3931 3 ountain an

9 K.Lehmanni (Nees in Linnea, x. 139) ; hee except the

aT scabrous Bint top of the stem ; rhizome woody, short,

subereet ; scales torn into fibres ; stem 5-11 in, Jon Sieber is: stout,

the pees 4+ in. broad ; uate 3, Sp delidinig: lowest

similar to the leaves ; spike 1, slog » 4-¢ in. in diam.,

white ; spikelets 1—1 in. long, usually perfecting two nuts; glumes

elliptic-lanceolate, ni ; keel wing me green, smooth or sparingly

bristly, excurrent as a mucro; style 2-fid; nut only seen young:

ck, in Linnea, xxxv. 408. ‘EK. csleita: Kunth, Enum, ii. 136.

ee ok

Kyllinga. | CYPERACEH (Clarke). 155

sees AFRICA: without agp Eck lon 2 and Zeyher, 28!

Coast Region: Albany D Sy me *, 43841 Komgha Div.; near the mouth

apie ‘aaa ‘Tembula an es Baur, 274! Port Natal, 500 ft.,

stems 6-15 in. long tufted, handle chidkaned at the fone peed

often 3 as long as the stem, 1-1 in, broad; bracts 8, spreading,

rent 4 in. long, similar to the leaves spike lg globose or subovoid,

+ in. long, stony coloured; spikelets + in. Jong, elliptic- -oblong, often

perfecting 2 nuts ; glumes 1-coloured, teal ante, with compressed

glandular dots ; keel wingless, not at all green, smooth; style 2-fid ;

nut } as long ma the clume, rele pai

a or REGION tal; Umzula,

anys Shire itighlinds, British tose Afric

The kee 1 of the ie re e glume is wingless; yet this species may prove only an

extreme state of K.

II. PYCREUS, Beauv.

Spikelet of many distichous glumes; 2 lowest empty, 5 at least

(usually many) succeeding glumes 2-sexual and perfecting nuts,

uppermost male or sterile; rhachilla persistent, not disarticulating

below the lowest fertile glume, not winged. Stamens 1-3, wre

anthers Narrow-oblong, not creste Style s ape More:

linear, in a plane passing through thachilla, Wut oblong or siipeoid

compressed laterally, smooth.

Glebrous; leaves to the base of the roto

ndtit cn Kili gg as must half its length by jearaneutie} ae

escence (as in Cyperus) a corymbose-panicle, shortened into a false umbel or

Disrrrs. Species 64; in all warm and temperate regio

ZONATR, Superficial cells sh the nut Vabttadtch ly oblong; nut often

appearing zonate by re of the narrow ends of the cells running

into an undulating or sears horizontal lin

Spikelets 12 lin. broad, i or pale purl (1) poe tn

Spikelets 2 Tin, broad, ches (2) ¥ thus.

Spikelets 3 lin. broad, pera ose -., (3) macran

Punoticunar#. Superficial cells of the nut square ; nut often appeari

aa dotted by reason of the light reflected from the convex

urtace of each cell.

St eth, by leaf- a

~ clothed, often for } its length, by (4) Mundtii.

eaten narrow, red- tinged ‘or pale, never

chestnut-brown ;

Spi ikelets linear, glumes closely im-

ricate

— more distant, “rather "larger

righte Sov ce ve

Spikelets chest bro

hi ns oblique. descending “iat um-

be Ned 3 spikelets 2 lin. broad . rs

As preceding, but ae acute ..

(5) polystachyus,

(6) ferrugineus.

(7) um

(8) cekforvensls

156 cyPeRAcEs (Clarke). [ Pycreus.

gas nian ae spikelets 1 lin. broad;

close .. (9) betschuanus.

As ie but stolons 0; " glamies more

distant ; keel green . (10) elegantulus.

Leaves stout, inrolled ; spikelets 1y lin,

broad, rig ae ug eee .. (11) Cooperi.

Bek umbelled ; yel

ee ts 2 ei poe, diipuc lasldoblate:

raw-coloured . . (12) angulatus.

Spikelets 14 Tn, broad, Tinear, parallel

sided, golde . (18) chrysanthus.

yi 1. P. flavescens (Reichb. Fl. Germ. ae 72) ; glabrous, annual ;

/ stems 1-12 in. long; leaves 2 as long as the stem, ~;—} in. bro ad;

spikes loosely umbelled, or stem with 4 ike sometimes with only 3

spikelets; bracts 3, lowest 2-6 in. long, similar to the leaves; spikes

of 3-12 closely spicate spies, Sorewvonio 5 ; spikelets commonly

+ by ~y in. (in form abyssinica % by 4 in.) com ain parallel-

sided, straw-coloured more om less red-tinged, 8-36-nu ted ; glumes

. Clarke in Hook J. Fi. Ini. vi. 589. ‘Cyperus flan

Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 2, 68, not rai Herb. ; Boeck in Linnea, X

abe C. aby ysdinictin, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, ii, 4; Boeck. in pp

v. 440.

a ee ae el TTT

HARI REGION: Orange Free ce gl (forma adyssinica) Buchanan, 110!

Transvaal Houtbos = Rehmann, 5640

Hastern Reeion: Natal; Biggar shed rg, 5000 presets 222! and without

ty locality Gerrard, 489 ! (forma Region Bacn n, 309!

Extends from England and Denmark to Cabul and se Cape, and widely

scattered in ee merica. The large rae form i deryrtes (admitted as a ‘a apedies

by Boeckeler) extends from South Europe to South Afri

2. P. rehmannianus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

spect. aL Afr. v. 542, excluding several numbers cited) ; glabrous;

roots fibrous, tough ; atoms tufted, 8-11 in. long; leaves 7 by 2 in.;

umbel 3-2 in, in diam, - contracted, of 7-22 spikelets ; bracts 3;

lowest 23 + in, long, similar to the leaves ; spikes of 3-7 loosely spicate

° : ar

obtuse, 1-nerved ; Soioat bran heck ae ellipsoid, compressed, shining

black, ‘obscurel ransverse-undulate by reason of the large longitu-

dinally-oblong cari cells. Cyperus rehmannianus, "Boeck.

C. B. Clarke in Durand and sa. Conspect, Fl. Afr. v. 542.

KALABARI ReGion: Transvaal ; osh, Rehmann, 5651!

EasTerN ReGion: Natal; Howick Geteben. 67389!

3. P. saceandiins (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Cn

/e Afr. v. 938); glabrous ; roots fibrous, tough; stems t tufted

1-2 ft. es leaves 12 by 4-2 in. (rarely 2 in.) broad ; umbel 3-1 in”

Pycreus.] CYPERACEH (Clarke). 157

in diam. Soa erie often into 1 head of 6-30 spikelets ; bracts 3,

lowest 3-8 i n. long, similar to the leaves; spikes of 3-8 somew what

loosely spicate spikelets, ebracteate ; spikelets often up to 1 by + in.,

compressed, linear-oblong, c¢ estnut- brown, oa ae gt clumes

obovoid, turgidly biconvex, black, stasets a as ace as the glume,

obscurely transversely lineolate by reason of the small longi-

tudinally-oblong superficial cells. Cyperus macranthus, Boeck. “in

“bie xxxv. 462. CL lanceus var. .B macrostachya, Kunth. Enum.

SoutH Arrica: without cme ba ringer

oast Region: Komgha Div. ; r Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanagan, 930! 1261!

Drege, 4394! King Williamstown Div. ; Toise = at eaten, Kuntze, 224!

1063 RAL Rea@ion : Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, 4500 ft., MacOwan, 1362 !

Katawart REGrIon: Transvaal, Houtbosh, Rehmann, 5653! Magalies Berg,

ber

aroer

TERN REGION: sg and; Bazeia, 2000 ft. re vei Natal; Moh-

lamba Range, 5000-6000 is ele land ! tant Wood, 3

Also in South Tropical nee

\ 4, P. Mundtii (Nees in Linnea, ix. 283; x. 131); poh

rhizome obliquely descending, 2-6 in. long; stem solitary, §-24 in

lon ite covered for often half its length by leaf-sheaths ; leaves 3-8 in.

Y ¢-+ in.;_ umbel simple or compound or redu ced to 1 head ;

bracts 3-4, lowest 2-4 in. long, similar to the leaves; rays few or

ri spikes of 3-7 somewhat loosely-spicate spikelets, ebracteate ;

mar + by 2 in, compressed, linear, brown or chestnut-red or

pale hows 20-nutted ; glumes ovate, boat-sha ped, obiuse, some-

what inflated ; style-branches 2 2; nut obovoid, compressed, biconvex,

brown, scarcely half the length of the glume, ad and lig

marked by raised dots. Cyperus Mundtii, Kunth, Enum. ii. 17;

Boeck, in Linnea, xxxv. 448, C. distichophy yllus, Seous, in Flora,

1842, 582; Boeck. in Lin nned, xxxv. 488. C. turfosus, Krauss in

Flora, 1845, 754, C. Eragrostis, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii, 475;

Wiltk. et Lange, Fl. Hisp.i. 138; Kunth, Enum. ii. a not of Vahl.

Sourn Arrica: without localit Eéklon. and Zeyher, 2 y, 383!

Hochst Rucion: Cape To wn, Rchnaek coh roa E.S.C.A.

erb., 2351

: oGatauant REGION: Transvaal; Marico Dist., Matebe River, Holub, 1897-

East —_ Reeton: Natal; Umlaas River, Krauss, 415! Camperdown,

a P wie n, 77 a Pr bilo River, near Pinetown. 800 ft., Wood, 4016! Delagoa

ay; es! Sco

Common naewehlt Africa and the Mascarene Islands, also in Spain.

Bares er finer Fl. Ow 48, t. 86, fig. 2);

2 in.

(but see var, B) in in compound ‘aoe or 1) heads; bracts 3-5, lowest

2-6 in. long, similar to the leaves ; spikelets densely me Di i+ by

158 CYPERACES (Clarke). [ Pycreus.

jj in., linear, compressed, yellow more or less brown-red-tinged,

20- nutted ; glumes ovate boat-shaped, obtuse, closely imbricated even

in fruit ; style-branches 2; nut oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, black,

half the length of the glume, closely and regularly marked by raised

dots, ee in Linnwa, x. 130; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. 592. Cyperus polystachyus, R. Br. Prod. age Thunb.

Prod, “18; Fl. Cap. ed. 102; Nees in Linnea, vii. 515;

Boeck. in ‘Linen, XXXV. rie git of Rottb. C. A Linn. Sp.

Plant. 46, ed. 2, 68, ~ Linn. Herb. mainly.

Var. £8, itis (Benth, Fl, Austral. vii. 261); umbel open; spikelets

eg ie Tosely pete Fiesin: at right angles. C. B. Clarke in Hook.

OUTH AFRICA: without locality, Sieber, ade Dréye, 4404! 4105! Bergivs,

166! Harvey, iat 371! Ecklon and Zeyher, 84

Coast Reaion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Ma a Ka, near the yah ahated River,

Drége! Cape Shy, ; near Cape Town, Thunberg, Drége, 9! Bolus, 3309! Burchell,

683! 831! Camps Bay, Burchell, 851! False Bay, EeWetece | ? Tulbagh Div. :

near ‘Tulbagh, oper = 1045/1! sig ee Worcester Div.; Re ian, 2s16!

Caledon Div.; Zoe melks Valle chell, 7567! Uitenhage Div.; by t

on a ora Burchell 44331 Vike 4358! Albany Div. : Genanstow

2000 ft., n, 56 omgha Div.; Kei River, Flanagan, 95

ictaae pteia : Natal ; [gogond wane, Suther land! ! Durban F need Buchanan,

21! 37! 112! 310! Umlaas River rauss gis} Var. 8, Natal; Durban,

: : O35

Abundant in all warm and temperate regions, exee ek Ear

There occurs every gradation from the dense Lepesant like Gis of P. polystachyus

be to the extreme form of the var. B, laxijloi

. P. ferrugineus (C. B. pia 7 rae ‘ Fl Brit. Ind. vi.

463): spikelets rather large in., more brightly

coloured, often somewhat tesla ie thes s he base ; glumes

rather more distant, their tips less closely imbricated in fruit; nut

rather larger (otherwise as P. polystachyus, Beauv. var. 8 tarijlor,

Benth.). Cyperus ferrugineus, Poir im Lam. Encyc. vii. 261.

C. micans, Kunth, Enum. ii. 12; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 754.

C. polystaclyus, vars. ferrugineus and eh eth pate hk. wi

Linnea, xxxv. 479. C. polystachyus, vars. ferrugineus, micars,

and filicina, Cc. B. Clarke in Journ. ae mn. aS xxi. 54, 55.

SoutH Areica;: without locality, Drége, 4

Goes Recion: Komgha Div.; Kei River, & Plies n, 961!

EASTERN nara Caffraria, Schu Itz! Pondoland, Drie 4419! Natal;-

marshes near Umlaas River, Kyra 189! Coast la nd, Sutherland ! Howies, ;

UL! 738! 3 6790! and without seecthe locality, Daiinitie, 3 Buchanan, 103!

1} 2913 q

cattered throught egy pest af dace tng Asian: in Tropical America and

oleedteg north to Canada, i.e. merican Cyperus ein a C. Spreng: :

seems to me identical with the re Pps Pycreus ferrugin

umbrosus (Nees in Linnea, x. 130) ; gabroa stolons |

rd long sou clothed by distant scales 14 in. long; stem solitary,

ng, triquetrous at the top ; leaves all near the base of the

ar Pa 12 by 4 in.; umbel 3- < in. in diam., or Mica to

l compound head ; bracts 3-4, lowe t 38 i in. lone similar to the

leaves ; spikelets 3-9 together, dati ebracteate, } by 3 in., vrauch

Pycreus. | CYPERACE® (Clarke). 159

compressed, 18-nutted, brown, or chestnut-brown; glumes ovate

boat-shaped, obtuse ; style- -branches 2; nut small, obovo id, 1-1 the

length of the glume, dark-brown, superficial eels round- -hexagonal.

Cyperus laneeus, Thunb. Prod. 18 ; Fil. Cap. ed. Schult. 101 ; Nees

in Linnea, vii. 517; x. 185; Steud in Flora, 1829, 153. C. atratus,

Krauss in Flora ist, 753. C. umbraticola, Ku nth, Enum, ii. 13 ;

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 443. C. permutatus, Boeck. in Linnea,

uta AFRIcA: without locality, Krebs! Bergius, 172! Harvey, 81! 351!

375! 382! Ecklon and Zeyher, 1! 76!

Coasy REGION: Clanwilliam Div., Zeyher! Cape Div.; Table Mountain,

Ecklon, 885 ! Milne, 224! Ma eGillivray y, 417! Cape Flats, Thanderay Bureh He

v0! 676! Krauss! Simons Bay, Wright! Paarl a Berg River, Dré

1598! Worcester Div.; Brand Vley, Thom, 1063! Caledon Div. ; ; Gyabbie w, sic

Palmiet River, 700 ft., Bolus, 4231! Riversdale Div.; between ‘Little Vet River

Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 6862! Knysna Div. ; hills near Melville,

i n Stadens

Zeyher, 4357! and without precise locality, Ecklon and Zeyher, 634! 715!

ef ihe Div. Toise River Sta bey 3500 ft., Kuntze, 277!

- REGION: Transvaal eg nen. 4772! 4773! Hooge

Veli, a Donker Hock, Rehmann, 6151! 65 33

Eas GION: Griquala nd Baty near peep red 5000 ft. Pei: 1614!

Pondalaner, mtsikaba River, Dréye! Natal; Umlaas River, ’ Kra 205!

pa Fl: at, We ood, 4099! and eae hate Neue. Buchanan, ral 308 !

réye

Also in ae Africa and Madagascar.

: oakfortensis (C. B. Clarke); stems 1—2 ft. long, with

eaves ie inflorescence as in the narrow-leaved forms of P. umbrosus ;

spikelets rigid, shining black ; nut shining black ; glumes lanceolate,

acute (otherwise as P. umbrosus, Nees). Cyperus oakportenss, Boeck.

ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 543,

by one:

Rearee Reeion : Transvaal; Lomati Valley, 4000 ft., Galpin, 1364.

R GION; Natal 5 Oakford, Rehmann'! and without precise locality,

wohanan, 97a! 99! 100

ae as a form of P. umbsosus, Nees, in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

2-4 in, lon

ng,

pias, ehmeteae ; Spikelets } ei ge ms cake compressed, hard,

boat-sha “2—nutted, dark chestnut. brown ; sis close-packed, ovate,

st ae aped, obtuse ; ; keel of fertile glume, paler yellowish, not green

ee tanches 2 ; nut obovoid, scarcely 2 2 the length of the glum

Jaheh Site. Cy erus betschuanus, Boeck. _* ngl.

. C. globosus var. nilagirica, C. B. Clarke in Journ.

Li mn, Soe, XXi. 49, g 2 ag ’

Katanagr Ree

Moantaing wig EGON :_ Griqualand West; Hay Div., between the Asbestos

te Water, Burchell, 2081 ! Tran: aal He area " Baten !

Bechuanal and, 4000 ft., Mare 1027} goes -

160 cypERAcEzx (Clarke). [ Pycreus.

Some dark chestnut-brown Indian mountain forms of P. globosus, Reichb., re-

semble a present plant very closely, but never show its slender stolons

a ore (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Sos

Fl. Afr. v. 536); glabrous; stems tufted on a very short rhizome,

or lax, or with few or only 1 spike; bracts 3, lewest 2-8 in. long,

similar to the leaves ; spikes of 4-8 elosely- spiked spikelets, ebracteate ;

spikelets 1-1 by ~,—; in., much compressed, 6—10-nutted ; glumes

marked by raised dots. Cyperus atronitens, Hochst. in Flora, 1841,

Band 1, Intell. 20; err in Linnea, xxxv. 456. C. elegantulus,

Steud. in Flora, 1842, 5

Eastern REGION rget: A aes Flat, Buchanan, 50! and without precise

naclity. Bodaasn, 101!

Also in Tropical Africa, and from Mexico to Peru.

11. P. Cooperi (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. — v. Dealt glabrous, stout; roots fibrous, very thick (prob-

ably water) ; stems sely packed, thickened at the base

by ae leaf-sheaths 8-20 in. long.; leaves longer than the stem,

trigonous- -terete, jy in. in diam., all very close to the base of the

stem ; umbel 3-1 in. in diam., condensed nearly into 1 compound

spike; bracts 3, lowest 3-6 in. lon ng, similar to the leaves ; spikelets

glume, brown; superficial cells quadrate. Cyp s nilagiricus,

Boeck. ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, aaisee Fl. Afr. v-

585. C. lanceus Thunb. ? Drege, Aasipeye onc 8 agi 177.

Coast Reeion : Stockenstrom Div. ; Kat

00-5000 f RE cle

Katanart ReGion : Orange Free State, ones: sey Pravelear, Te cthoaky

Reimann, 5652!

/ 12. P. angulatus (Nees in Linnea, ix. 283); glabrous, or

robust ; rhizome entering? ores a) in. wow leaves all near the

base of the stem, } its length, 1-1 in. broad ; umbel 2-4 in. in =

simple, or sap ag ee of 1 spike ; bracts 3, Sowest 3-10 in. long

similar t = — ee 4-10 together, spicate, yellew or

i 2 by 2 34-1 in., much com 20-nuttec ;

: e

. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 593

Jahrb. iii. 85 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 463. C. ¢

Pycreus.] CYPERACEH (Clarke). 161 —

in Wight, Contrib.73; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 465. C. pseudo-

bromoides, ie in Linnea, xxxv. 464,

mgha Div.; Kei River Flanagan, 958! Queenstown Div. ;

Klipplaat River, 3500 ft Drage, '3958!

{ON : Foe, sae: Rehmann, 4326!

ASTERN REGION: uland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 371! Pondoland ;

rena Umtata River reg Rt Johns Riv iver, 1000-2000 feet. , Drage, 4397 !

Widely distributed in all tropical and warm-temperate lands,

3. P. ae yeenthns (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. we fr. v. 534); ig somewhat stout; stems 15-24 in. long ;

raat all near the base of the stem, 2 its length, 3-3 in. broad ;

mbel 3-42 in. broad, simple ; bracts 3- a lowest 3-8 in., similar to

the leaves ; spikelets 6- 16 together, loosely spicate, ebracteate, up

a by 15 in., linear with exactly parallel sides, 12-22-nutted, much

ea ; glumes ovate, boat-shaped, golden yellow, one- coloured ;

keel microscopically excurrent and often “scabrous ; style-branches 2 ;

nut oblong-ellipsoid, 2 the length of the glume, ‘black ; superficial

cells square. 0. thryeuntivis,, Boeck. in Linnea, Xxxv. 476.

C. lanceus var, y ? mucronata, Kunth, Enum. ii 8.

South AFRIca: without locality, oe ne

Katanart REGION: Tran svaal; Rehm 145!

EAsteRN eerag: Natal, Grant ! cai Do eh Umtsikaba River, below

500 ft. » Drége, 4409!

Ill JUNCELLUS, C. B. Clarke.

the ero Hite beset scarcely winged. Stamens 1-3, anterior.

Style slender ; oe 2, linear, in a plane at right angles to the

median plane o f the spikelet. Nut phases or alleged “triangular,

the anterior angle flattened, smooth.

Differs from Cyperus only in having the style 2-fid, not 3-fid.

Species 13, scattered through nearly all warm and temperate regions.

1. J. levi igatus (C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 596) ;

Slabrous ; rhizome. ere eeping; stems 6-24 in. long, somewhat fleshy,

roundish ; leaves usually short, often hardly any, sometimes exceed-

ie" = at z2—} in. broad, upper part terete-trigonous ; spikelets

+ sie BL

~30, in one apparently 1 lateral head ; ke ad , lower 1-3 in. ong,

suberect, siecthae to the leaves; spikelets 1 b 2 in ., straw-coloured,

often more or less purple-tinged ie st oeced: comp essed but

162 CYPERACEE (Clarke). [Juncellus.

obtuse, smooth, brown, plane ggreucicss = pressed against the

rhachill, anterior face convex or somewhat ridged. Cyperus

evigatus, Linn. Mant. 179; Rottb. Ese a Te. 19, t. 16, jig. 1;

ay Prod. 18, and Fi. Cap: ed. Schult. shies: Boeck. in Linnea,

xxxv. 486 ; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxi. 77, t. 3, fig. 20, 21,

and t. 4, fig. $3, mucronatus, oe Doser - ie. 19, ¢. 8, jig. 4:

Pycreus levigatus, Nees in Linnea,

Sout AFRICA: without snag Sgn and Zeyher!

Coast Recion: Malmesbury D oe Mooresbury, Bachmann, 759! Cape

Div.; Cape Town, Thunberg, Hae 172! 188! oe ‘1786! Nieu-

wernoolen, Bergiws, 159! Port Elizabeth, Drége, 4882! #.

8.C.A. Herb., 273!

CaNTEAS Region: Graaff Reinet Div.; by the Sunday River, 2500 fe, gee

RN ReGion: Natal; near Durban, Wood, 1365! Rehmann, 859 97!

18 i

Keun, "225a! 225b! near Umgeni, Wood, 4007! and without precise locality,

Gerr 488!

. in all warm and temperate ag The a a C. B. Clarke

(C. junciformis, Desfont. Fl. Atlant. i, 42, t. 7, fig. 1), with few, hard, black-

chestnut spikes is also spread over mas of the world, but no pels Me have beev

yet seen from South Africa.

IV. CYPERUS, Linn.

seriatim beginning with the lowest. Stamens 3-1 anterior. Sty/¢

slender, sometimes short; branches 3, long linear, or in C. semitrifidus

and in som -Cape species) short, weak or obsolete. Nat

section, smooth ; supatfacal cells nearly square (except in one

Australian species).

Usually tacos lenves all near the base of the stem; inflorescence a t nal

apparent umbel, or reduced to a single head or skelt

pias: Species 300, in all warm and temperate regions,

According to Nees (in Linnea, x. 134), Cyperus Haspan, Linn., was co

wt evra “ pees airs but the species has not bee

anyone from South A

ie I. _ Pycnostachys

Sinall sniniialis a “a of 1-3 spikelets:

Spikelets 1 line broad

ose --. (1) tenellus.

Spikelet 2 lines broad --- (2) micromegas-

ti a cate nd of 4-15, spikelets :

er ll; spikelet 3 line broad loma.

Stems thickened a s the tase, not annual ; ss

spikelets brown, af or chestn ant et

Glumes with long recurved poir .-. (4) meyerianus.

collected

een a ~~ in Ecklon’s plants,

TE eee

Cyperus. | CYPERACE® (Clarke). 163

Glumes large, bright-coloured, with :

white points... ms ane (5) Teneriffe.

Glumes chestnut-brown or dark red ;

nut 3 the length of the glume (6) rupestris.

of the glum

As lat, but leaves setaceous, eplindsie,

obtu (7) amnicola.,

As C0. rupesri, but spikelets m narrower

nut v mall .. (8) parvinux.

Stout pots ids woody rhiz

Glumes se oa aC. yellow or snes

rown, densely pack (9) compactus.

rue Pel awe are, broad, a little

inflated, les . (10) margaritaceus.

Sect. 2. Spikes simply belied (1-headed stems

often occur); spikelets ee or clustered,

rarely on bs leat-bearin

U ontracted ; rays ver

Spikelets dull grey-red ; ioe oborid .. (11) bellus.

Spik ae dull ; une muticous ;

oblon ie ee n (12) fuscescens.

Umbel open

= spilt Live Reine ee long, with

(18) semitrifidus.

Spikelets ue, peor ; “‘style- branches

long . (14) tenax.

Sect. 3. Umbel co mpound. or apparently simple,

of fascicled, ice “ote Sa agglomerated,

spikelets ; leaf-be

pikelets very gies meee minute,

i obtuse . (15) difformis.

seeks “much com ressed 5 Jumes

a oir 8 (16) heematocephalus.

Sect. 4. Uinbel usually compound, os apparently

simple digitate ri rathe

arin

triquetrous ‘at the top; spikelets

‘oblong, rather thick (17) pulcher.

qe =~ ous at the tops ‘spikelets

, compressed . (18) spharospermus.

Sect. - Lent Bal sic t lar, arge ; pla

pidge ak 2-4, scarcely overtopping the viailiel

m triquetrous at the top . (19) denudatus.

Stem obtusely trigonous or nearly terete

at the top . (20) marginatus.

Bracts num on exceeding the “umbel,

usually 8 or more:

Stem ronal at the top .. (21) textilis.

Stem with 6 angles at the top . . (22) sexangularis.

of umbel equal, usually 40 or more,

arrienmf th agen :

riquetrous at t ad, + (23) isocladus.

te top

Sect. 6, Solitary spikelets Hpi in the gous

pound umbel; leaves long, flat; bracts long,

usually more than 6:

eaves broad, Lr Sipe 8-nerved, flat .. (24) albostriatus.

Leaves and bracts narrower, more rigid,

obscurely , gsi :

lumes minutely hairy on the edges ... (25) P

Glumes gleueane on the edge . (26) conor en

ges

Spikelets 8-16 together, spicate rather

hte dligktabescrnce .. (27) subchoristachys.

M 2

164 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

Subgenus II. acacia —Spikelets spicate, not digitate, nor solitary,

nor densely cluster

Sect. 7. Bhachilla of spikelets hardly winged

(a y wi in C. di ye

Perennials, with stolons:

m stout; glumes imbricate . (28) latifolius.

mbel large, open; ganas slender ;

glumes distant .. (29) distans.

Annuals :

Searle umbel usually sitacike . (30) compressus.

all; glumes with a long recurved oe (31) aristatus.

Sect. 8. Rhachilla of spikelets winged ;

stoloniferous :

tolons . ee producing a bulb or

‘ ube

gpsncend contracted; stolons

bearing bulbs . (32) usitatus.

mbel open ; stolons bearing tubers ia aie) esculentus.

Stolons hy har ardening into tough, wo

rhiz

Leaves and bracts short (occasionally

cd 2

Spikelets narrow; stem oe

ked

transverse-mar aes corymbosus.

Spikelets nent hard; shining ... (85) natalensis.

Lenten cing brac

Stem erect, thiekened * the shi

wa oat uberifer a . (36) rotundus.

y thicken ary longus.

Sect. 9. Rhachilla of oi winged talon ;

plant tall; umbel sot

seeriase an 8 br um ial

Bra secondary umbel Q-4 in. long,

since ou (38) fastigiatus.

Bra ondary umbels 1-4 in. - Tong (39) immensus.

Sect. 10. Bhachille “of spikelets win

zome creeping ; plant tall; bracts sac ae:

Umbel of 50-100 subequal ra rays .. ve (40) madagascariensis.

1. C, tenellus Sogiee f. Suppl. 103); glabrous, slender, annual :

f= 1-7 in. long, setaceous; leaves few, } as long as the stem,

. lon

setaceous, weak had x es (rarely 4) digitate si een bracts

1-2, setaceou s, short, lower continuing the stem, rarely attaining

u : y yz in.

variable in length beeen asia zy i

long. Néae in Linnea, vii. 513, x. 132; Steud. +n Flor a, 182 839, 152

Benth. Fl, Austral. vii. 265. ©. lateralis, Linn. f. "Suppl. 102.

C. pyymeus, Lam. Ill i. 143. C. minimus, Thunb. Prod. 18; l-

Cyperus.] cypERAcez (Clarke). 165

Cap. ed. Schult. 99; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 523, not of Linn.

C. nudiuseulus, Nees: in Linnea, x. 132. Pycreus lathe Nees in

pits ix. 283.

R. B, “sherpa abi in Linnea, x. 132) ; stem 1 in. with one or two ovate

3- one spikele

Soutna Arrica: without Seam Sieber, 99! Bergius, 164! Harvey, 271!

ne R. "Bro wn! Ecklon and Zeyher, 8! a 38! 85! Var. 8, Masson! Harvey

a Ree@ion: Cape Div,; Table dep ns Hcklom, 891! Constantia,

Zeyher! Simons Bay, Wright ! Paarl Div.; ; 1 Mountains, ete See 00 =

eae SB in Herb Bolus, 7199! Simons Bay, Wright, 519! Visoheds ‘tis ;

klon

aa, ENTERAL ident Somerset Div.; summit of Bosch Berg, 4500 ft., MacOwan,

The var. gracilis was C. minimus, Roth. MS. according to Nees; but in the

i bey pircenye o (as in sai collection named by Kunth) Oyp. tenellus,

f., was distributed mixed wit mall form of Scirpus antareticus

h t

Linn y thie an the synonym rues ay rer Roth. (and other juncniied

on 18

Alsv in temperate Australia and New Zealand.

2. C. micromegas (Nees in Linnea, x. 131); glabrous, slender,

annnal ; stem 3-4 in. long, setaceous; leaves very few, } as lon

the stem, ‘setaceous head of 1-2 sessile spikelets ; lower bract

Setaceous, 1 in, s ; spikelets much compressed, exactly parallel-

sided, with very regular closely placed glumes, 2 lin, broad, } in.

nt with 36 nuts at fates apaey pooh, with fewer hay glumes

triangular, ovoi id, with depressed paid top, iain ae ‘super-

ficial cells scarious, iden, punctured ; style branches 3, linear, we

oeck. in Linnea, xxxv, 524. C. tenellus, Linn. f. var., F. Muell.

Fragm, Phyt. dara viii. 261.

Sour AFrica: without locality, Ecklon and Zeyher, 9!

Coast Reeion: Clanwillia in, Ze, KOT Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, fide Nees.

This is baste ps lly the same as C. fenellus, Linn. f., with the stains twice

n to

its te rl the nut is differently eer and very much smaller in proportio

, 3. C. lencoloma (Nees in Linnea, ix. 284, x. ieee glabrous,

the, Small, annual; stem 2 in, long, setaceous; leaf | oo Joe as

€ stem, setaceous ; ; head of 4-8 digitate x areareees bracts. 2 , lower

1 long, setaceous ; spikelets compressed, % by 3 , §-8-

powered ; glumes elosely imbricated, boat-shaped, ae pare

tiatyinc 7-ribbed, brown a, with iapeagt sie scarious white

‘Tes; stamens 3 ; nut 2 as long as glume, triangular,

166 CYPERACES (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

pyramidal at both ends, smooth, black ; style short; branches 3,

linear, long. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv 506.

Sour Arrica: without locality, ea 174! No specimen at Kew.

4. C. meyerianus (Kunth, Enum. ii. 49); glabrous, weak ; stems

—3 in. long, tufted on the apex of a shortly-divided, slender ee

thickened at the base 4 numerous a rust-coloured sheaths ; leaves

nearly as long as the stem, 3'5 in. broad, flaccid ; bracts 2; lower up

to Lin. ig similar to the Sao ; spikelets 7-1, sessile in one head,

1—t in. long and broad, much compressed, 12-flowered ; glumes close-

packed, ae Gack: ovate, strongly 7-nerved, rose-red, ~ surmounted

a subterminal, lanceo ate-linear, recurved mucro longer than the

glume ; stamens 3-2; nut } as long as the glume without the mucro,

triquetrous, ovoid, acute, ‘subacuminate at the top, dark-brown,

almost rough from the ‘reticulated white, superficial cells ; style

shorter than nut ; branches 3, long linear. Boeck. in Linnea, XXXV.

pt Steud. Syn, Pl. Glum. ii. 29 Chiespdltansch by typog. error in

index).

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Drége, 7421!

5. C. Teneriffe (Poir. in Lam. Eneye. vii. nit glabrous, sa

ous

nln stolons 0; stems 3-12 in. long, medium sized, trigon

e apex, smooth; bases thickened 3 leat sheath clustered on a

pe short rhizome ; leaves 2 the length of the stem, 1-3 in. broad,

usually flaccid ; sheaths inflated, scarious-red sats, oceasionally

rigid, very little inflated ; ee 2, lowest 2~3 in. long, ae to the

leaves ; spikelets 3-20 in ead, large, much compressed, 1 0-36-

flowered, up to y {in.; eine close-packed, boat-shaped, ovate;

rose-red or pale-red, 9—15-ribbed ; keel ienag ti in a strong, erect,

acute-pyramidal point; stamens 3; anthe near, not crested ; nut

a me, obovoid, blk, alieenbuadil by white,

superficial cells; style as long as the nut ; branches 3, linear, hardly

ong as the styl B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 601.

C. rubicundus, Kunth, ey ii. 49; Webb and Berth. Iles Canaries,

Phyt. iii. pt. iii. 361, #. 24 O (nut depicted much too acute at the eth

aor Pflanzengeogr Documente 147 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 50

not

SoutH ARICA : without einer Bolus, a Ecklon and Zeyher, 17!

Coast _— gare ge Ecklon. East Londo mn Div.; cultivated speci-

men! Komgh near Komg "2000 ft , Flanagan, 1013 -

Uitenhage Bie, 300 ft, » Schlechter, 2485 !

Katanarr Recon : Trans vaal, Bosch Veld at Klippan, ea 9 5349!

Eastern Ree@ion: Transkei, Drage, 5349. Natal, Drége, 4395

x —- from Teneriffe throughout Africa and Wisdihide ir to the Madras

nins

This species has been greatly confused, being still marked in most Europea?

herbaria, and by South “Atri collectors, C. rubicundus, Vahl. From Vabl’s

mipsel ta Ay also from ndian locality) it is sifcenty. sige that his

¢, type specim the Copen-

cundus was not vasniiies and from t

hagen acheive, Vahl’s C. rubicundus was C. brunnews, Secentas

Cyperus.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 167

as long as the stem, hardly 3, in. broad; apex cylindric, setaceous,

many-striate, microscopically rough-tuberculate (in Kunth’s example

¢~s i., 8-16-flowered ; glumes overlapping, boat-s aped, ovate, some-

what inflated, 5-ribbed ; keel subexcurrent into a microscopic point;

stamens 3 ; anthers linear, not crested ; nut 3 the length of the glume,

trigonous, obovoid, dusky black ; style much shorter than the nut ;

branches 3, linear, long. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv.510. C. cognatus,

Kunth, Enum. ii. 52; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 511.

AST Recion: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 421!

Stockenstrom Div.; Kat Berg, 4000-5000 ft., Drége/ Komgha Div. ; between

Zandplaat and Komgha, 2006-3000 ft., Drége,, 4393. Cathcart Div.; between

Windvogel Mountain and Zwart Kei River, 3000-4000 ft., Drége, 7395!

VENTRAL REGION: Graaff Reinet Div. ; summit of Tandjes Berg, near Graaff

Reinet, 4700 ft., Bolus, 760 ! Somerset Div.; summit of Bosch Berg, 5000 ft.,

MacOwan, 1993 !

Eastern Region: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 344!

The type specimens of Kunth’s C. cognatus and C. rupestris in the Kew

herbariuin appear identical,

Te 7. C. amnicola (Kunth, Enum. ii. 52); leaves more fleshy, obtuse

at tip; spikelets a trifle narrower; glumes hardly mucronate ; other-

wise as C. rupestris, Kunth. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 509.

Eastern Region: Pondoland; between St, Johns River and Umtsikaba

River, 1000-2000 ft., Drage, 4392 ! 7394! Bachmann, 88!

Also occurs in Angola, according to Ridley.

8. C. parvinux (C. B. Clarke); glabrous; stem 1-8 in. long,

united at the base on a very short rhizome, somewhat thickened by

leaf-sheaths ; leaves often as long as the stem, setaceous; margins

of sheaths prominently white-scarious; bracts 2, lower up to

2 in, long, similar to the leaves ; spikelets 5-14 in 1 head, up to

s SY xo in., 8-36-flowered, compressed, bright eeteagep TAKE or

very etna] ee gnthers oblong bovoid

¥ Small, searcely 1 the length of the glume, plane-convex, ©

obtuse, smooth, dark-brown, glistening by reflection from the inflated -

vurfaces of the superficial cells ; style as long as the nut ; branches 3,

long, linear,

CENTRAL Region : Albert Di 000-6000 ft., Kuntze, 264!

: rt Diy. ; Molteno, 5 ft., Kuntze,

pe sPAHARK Region : Phnsibial Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5648! Bosch Veld at

lands River, Rehmann, 4998

168 cypuraces (Clarke). | Cyperus.

, C. compactus (Lam. Ill. i. 144, on ne pein (aan: stout ;

rhizome short, oblique, often 1 in. in clothe ab ack, hard,

broad, gid, tough, convalite aa cylin pea

arg

incurved in dry ripe heat ; stamens 3; anthers linear, not crested ;

ut medium-sized, but scarcely 1 the length of the glume, triquetrous,

shoxaid, dull- black, reticulated by the white superficial layer of cells;

style shorter than the nut; branches 3, “gee long, but not much

exserted. C. obtusiflorus, Vahl, Enum. i 308 ; Boeck, in Lannea,

xxxv. 528. . sph ‘ocephalus var. B, Wasokeihisles Kunth, Enum.

li. Krauss in Flora, 1845, 754.

R. B, flavissimus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Shes pm Fl. Afr. v-

552) eos fine golden-yellow, or y tin Line or islet < n or full brow».

aT. Ss

obtusijlorus, var — oeck 529, C. bags

Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 5, t. 2 2; in esis nea, x. 131. pharo-

Syst Vahl, Enum. e 310; aut i in ; Flore, 1845, 7545 ie in Trams.

. Soc. xxix. 164, 4. 108. A.

ee OUTH AFRICA: without Io oeality, Zeyher, 1749! Burke! Var. B, Men

Coast eee rhe heart Div.; between Windvogel Mountain and Zs ‘Ke

River, 3000-4000 ft., Drége ! Vor. B, Clanwilliam Div,, Zeyher ! Uitenhage Div.

Ecklon and peeks 651! Alexandria Div. ; urb ge, Drege, 2

thurst Div. ; between Blu cid antz a i urchell. 3691! near

sh)

3384! MacOwan, 1205! Atherston, 58! Fort Beaufort Div., Cooper, 459!

Drége,! Kom sha Div, 5 Kei River, Flanagan, 996; Cathcart Div.; near Cath-

HARI ceeds Orange Free State, Buchanan, 132! Transvaal ; Maka-

sia: Hig, at Streydpoort, Rehmann, 5389! Pr eto oria, at EG derboom Poort,

Rehmann, 4476! Maquasi Spruit, Nelson, 7*! var. £, Orange Free State,

Buchanan, 131! Cooper, 918! Transvaal ; Macali ter erg, Burke! Pretoria, 2

Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann, 4477! Wit Waters Rand, Nelson, 63*! banks of

tages Mooi are Zeyh er, 17: 441 and without precise locality, MacLea in Her.

OULU:

pe ch Waser, Ragen between Bashee River and Morley 3000 Sat

ft., Drége, 3955; Indw

ft., Baur, 1170! Po doland, 4388:

Bachmann, 78 1803 Natel; Coast-land, Sutherland ! Dur’ lat, Buchanat,

! anda, d, 28! around Durban Bay, Krauss. ! without pr :

locality, Gueinzius! G r ! Bucha OL! ay,

J ! Var. 8, Transkei; between Kei River and 1000-2000 ft.»

ége. Tembuland; Bazei t., Baur, 280! Pondoland, Bachman”, 85!

Griqualand East ; ne: oks' ft., MacOwan an erb Lag

ust.-Afr., 1236! Natal; summit of Houtbosch Rand Mountain between Umge?

River an Ngo Pete Krauss, 16! Durban Flat, Buchanan, 47! Howick,

1000 ft., 310. Klip River Div » 3500 ft., Sut herland ! and without

precise cane, Gerrard, 484! thicusan: 54! 88!

Distributed throughout Tropical Africa and the Mascarene

abundant African

Islands.

species varies greatly in size ou wellas in colour; medium

digenions are given above ; in Buchanan, 131, the spikelets are 4 in. broad,

rode, CYPERACEE (Clarke). 169

ing brown; in Krauss, 324 (and in many others), the spikelets are 53; in.

sei and dirty-w BP oso

in ] head. + by 2 et compresse “but mueh th icker than in

C. compactus, ‘shining straw-coloured, 10—20-flowered ; glumes boat-

shaped, ovate, obtuse, strongly 11- 15-nerved, less closely packed but

mote inflated than in C. compactus ; margins not incurved ; nut large,

35 the length of the glume, ellipsoid, acute at the top, strongly oo

lack.

Bh with concave faces, du a peck. in gti XXXV

Sour Arrica: without locality, ade 17 i Salsdiig 1022

Western Reciow: South of the pic, Cur

N: Gsigwhioie Wests vil Griqua Town and Witte

AHARI REGIOo

Water, Burchell, 1992 ! between egts Fontein and Klip Fontein, Burchell,

Kne

2613! Hebron, by the Vaal River, Nelson, 183! Orange River, Curzon ! Trans

waal ; Bosch Vald-at tee are Paton, ae KES , 4855! Magalies Berg, Burke!

South African Gold Fields, Bains! and without precise locality, McLea in Herb.

Bolus, 6014! Be chuanaland ; ey Fo dete Burchell, 2575 !

Distributed throughout Tro

greatly in the width of the leave and in ee size of the spikelets. Some ex cumple

have mr a pod sin and leaves, ep and one very small s spk kel oy wae chat

= in, wide, others have ikea lby 2in. ‘The distribution will require emenda-

tion, if the speck es be subdivided.

rf 11. C. bellus (Kunth, Enum. ii. 52); glabrous, annual; stems

lon

tufted, 2-7 in Tein slender, trigonous; leaves half as long as the

stem, subset ous; head of 3-30 spikelets; rays O-} in. ong i

bracts 2-3, iii slightly dilated at the base, lowest up to 2 in

long, subere ct; spikelets fascicled,} by ~, in., 26-flowered, or

much smaller as in the examples deseribed by Kunth, compressed,

with parallel sides, dusky red ; glumes boat-shaped, in ie" fered

overlapping, stb obtuse, scarcely mucronate, strong ¥:> ribbed ;

thachilla not inged ; stamens 2 or 1; nut small, 3-3 the length

of the glu ang trigonous, obovoid, subobtuse, smooth, dull ashy

black ; style shorter than the nut; branches 5 linear, shortly ex-

Serted from the glume. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 509.

Sourn Ar FRICA: without locality, Drége, 7396

ranatant Region: Orange Free State ; Cea Vet River, Burke! Zeyher,

2. ¢ fuscescens (Link, Jahrb. iii, 83); glabrous, annual ; stems

tufted, 4—7 in, long ; leaves often 3 the length of the stem, 3}; zo In.

broad head of 5-15 spikelets ; rays 0-1 in. long; bracts 2-3,

lowest 12 in. long, suberect ; spikelets fascicled,

3 -Y ve in., 12-flowered, brown; nut oblong, 2 the length of the

t; branches 3, linear, much exserted from the

glume, Kunth, Enum. ii. 51; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 527.

170 CYPERACEE (Clarke). [Cyperus.

Eastern Region: Kaffraria ; without collector’s name in the British Museum.

Closely allied to C. bellus, but the nut is much larger.

ae 13. C. semitrifidus (Schrad. Anal. nh Cap. 6); glabrous;

rhizome woody, decumbent; stems 3-1 ‘ites trigonous at the

top, bulbous, woody at base, enclosed by fibrillose remains of leaf-

sheaths ; leaves often 2 = length of the stem, 4 in. broad ; rays of

umbel 3-0, 0-1; in. long racts = similar to the ene lowest

pleo

sometimes 0. Kunth, Enum. ii. 107; Boeck. in Linnea, XXXY.

5 C. crinitus, Spreng. in Flora 1829, Band i. no 8

C. cruentus, Rotib.). C. herbivagus, Kunth, Enum,

herbicagus, D 4 Pflanzengeogr. Documente 132, Lit. C. en

Kunth, Enum. ii. 76, partly (at least as to syn. cited). C. usitatus,

Nees in Linnea ve 516 (not of Burchell).

SoutH Arrica: without locality, Ecklon and Zeyher, 3! 127! Bowie, 5!

Coast Rreton: Uitenhage en hyde Dw arieooe Bhiver, Ecklon! mis.

4364! Alexandria Div. ; Addo, ee ft., Drége, 2035! Komgha Div. ;

NTRAL ReGion: Somerset D 3 Bothas Berg, 2200 ft., MacOwan, 1505!

Wodehouse Div., Ecklon and Be

KALAHARI REGION: Transvaal, Puasa 4998! 5648!

14, C. tenax (Boeck. in Linneza, xxxv. 504); glabrous, medium-

sized, tough ; rhizome woody, with fibrillose remains of leaf-sheaths ;

no stolons 8 seen; stems tufted, 6-16 in. long, slender but wity;

leaves often 2 the length of the pond 2 in, ee much enrolled

when dry, tough; umbel of 5-10 rays, 2-3 in. in diam., more

less compound, or frequently a yaied: eich, gone i

bracts 6-3, similar to the leaves, usually much overtopping the

umbel ; spikelets 3-16, digitate in each sik, nae compressed,

shining chestnut or near rly black, 4+ b 8-20-flowered ;

glumes boat-shaped, not ee ovate, shcckepoiuted: 3-nerved;

wae not winged ; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, not crested ;

iat = the length of the eee trigonous, ellipsoid, ” pyramidal at

pe end, duil black ; style hardly as long as the nut; “branches 9,

gree long. C. B. Clarke in Durand and ‘Schinz, Conspect. t. Fl. Aft.

578,

bole

i=)

i=}

ii}

KatanaRi Recion: Transvaal; Pretoria, at Wonderboom Poort, Rehman,

Eastern Recton: Natal; Guiensius, 131 Gerrard, 699!

Occurs throughout Tropical Africa.

1. ¢. difformis (Linn. Amoen, Acad. iv. 302); glabrous, annual,

Cyperus. | CYPERACE® (Clarke). 171

medium-sized, but rather weak; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long,

triquetrous at the top ; leaves often 2 the length ‘of the stem, } in.

usually 20-60 spikelets; bracts 3-4, similar to the leaves, lowest

2-10 in, long; spikelets 2 by 5 in., 10~30-flowered, dark red;

glumes minute, round, obtu se, concave, not imbricated in fruit;

stamen 1, rarely 2 ; anther small, oblong, obtuse; nut equally trigonous,

subglobose, as long as the glume or nearly sO, pale brown ; style much

shorter than the nut ; branches . brane not elongate. Sp. Plant,

ed. 2, 67; Rottb. Dew et ae f. 9 fig. 2% Neus in Linnea,

x, 138 ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 38; Boee sa in Linnea, Xxxv. 586, and in

Flora, 187 3, 550 ; CO. 8, PAN in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 599.

Coast BEGION : Alban ny nei near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., WacOwan, 1347!

Komgha Div. ; Flanagan, 1262

; me Rreion : =e Div. ; mountain near Commadagga, Burchell,

ype ARI REGION; teas hagr Bosch Veld, Rehmanzn, s 51

EGION : Pranake ; bank s of Bashee River, bel on ft. Bod

3918! Vaueeee. between Un tata River and St. Jo hns ie. 1000-2009 f

Droge, 4428! 4429! Natal, Gerrard, 702! Wood, 4953! Kuntze, 223!

A Hie tote weed in all warm and warm-temperate regions of the Old World,

also in

16. C. oe (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

spect. Fl. Afr. v. 564, name only) ; glabrous, medium-sized ; stems

1-2 ft. long, ttiquetrous at the top, th lateral shoots at the base ;

leaves often 2 + the Jength of the stem, + in. broad; umbel 1-5 in.

in diam, , compound ; ‘spikes often aggregated near the end of the

Tays ; bracts 3-4, similar to the leaves, lowest attaining 4-8 in. in

length; spikelets 20-40, densely and ‘elobosely fascieled, chestnut-

Ted, 3 in. , strongly compressed, 8—-12-flowered, hard, shining

glumes beak. shaped, 3~—l-nerved, mucronate, regularly and closely

Imbricate ; stam s 3; nut 2 the length of the glume, trigonous,

ellipsoid, anno at each ond: ; style- branches 3, long.

Katanari Ree : Orange Free State, Buchanan, 124! Transvaal; Hooge

Veld, nce erro! 6783!

STERN ReGton: Natal ; igen Berg, 5000 ft., Kuntze, 241! and without

Precise locality, Schlechter, 6356! 676

tik (seen) short ; stems approximate, 1-22 ft. sae acutely tr

quetrous at the top; leaves often 2 the length of the. ste 1-1 in.

ad ; umbel et its or decompo und, 9-5 in. in diam. 5 ; ‘bracts

flo 5, digitate, ronscralt 4 jy; in., m moderat

eles. glumes boat-shaped, ovate, shortly mah nearly nerveless

Stamens 3; anthers linear, not crested ; nut nearly y

length of the nut; branches 8, linear, exserted a little from the

glume. FI. Cap. edit. Schul, 100; Nees in Linnes, x. 133,

172 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

excluding yah 3; Kunth, Enum. ii. 114; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv.

583. C. ingratus, Kunth, Enum. ii. i -a dregeanus, Kunth,

Enum. ii. 31.

Sourn AFRICA: praaiell Presta Ecklon and Zeyher, 10!

ION: any Div. ; + ere ois own, 1000-2200 ft., Dré sil

MacOwan, 652! Sending. 1000 ft. Drége! King Williamstow n Div. ;

Toise River Station, 3600 ft., Kuntze, 273! bir Komgha Div., Flandg an, gol!

carseat Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., Baur, 884! 899!

Can EGION : Somerse t Div. ; near Somerset East, 3000 ft., MacOwan,

652! hed st, 176!

KabAnarI KeGion: Orange Free State, Buchanan, 79! Transvaal ; Pretoria,

at Wy guderioom Poort, Rehmann, 4482! and without precise locality ! ” Rehmann,

aes

ERN ReGion: Transkei; Bashee River, 1000 ft., Drége! yee

Busca, 2500 ft., Baur, 361! between Bashee River and Morley, Drég

18. C. spherospermus (Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 8); labios

medium-sized ; rhizome horizontal, thick, woody, often several 1

ms 4—20 i

cpu dl at the top, smooth; leaves 2 the length of the stem,

oad ; umbel compound or decompound, 1-6 in. in diam. ;

BS 35, similar to the leaves, lowest overtopping the umbel;

alan 31, Suet, brown, brown-red or dusky straw-colour, up

1 by 2-4 compressed, 16—30-flowered ; glumes _boat-

pa slip scieae 3-nerved, varying greatly in the sound

of packing; keel excurrent in a very short obtuse mucro; stamens

Nees in Linnea, viii. 78, x. 133; Kunth, Enum. ii. 106 ; Krauss in

Flora, 1845, 754. Cie corymbosus, Steud. in Flvra, 1829, 153, not of

Rotth. C. flavissimus, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 152, not of Schrader.

C. denudatus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 576 partim ; C. B. Clarke

in — Linn, Soc. xxi. 124. C. tristis, d, Drege, ‘Pflanzengeog

Docum Wi Pee oe piliaee Boeck. ex C. B, Clarke in’ Durand and

ach “Cope Fl. Afr. 5

ar. B, triqueter (Boeck. ex . B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

ri. ge v. 578); 3 stems very rigid, acutely trigonous; leaves half as long as the

stem, upper 3 in long: , trigonous, salie bracts as long as the umbels ; piel lets

(not "piped small, aot.

tcA: without locality, Drége, 1597! 2029! 2466! ‘Revie; 384!

ry, 2)! ! 180

AST sion: Clanwilliam Div., Zeyher! Cape Div.; Table Mountain,

Ecklon, 890 ag Vallei, Ecklon, 82! Cape Flats, Schlechter, “ee Paarl

; a

Humansdorp Div. ; Di iver, the Zwartkops

River, Burchell, 4482! Gill’ Bathurst Diy.; n eat Theopolis , Burchell, 4095!

Div.; Glentilling, _Drége, 3960! Komgha Div.; near the mouth. of; the

saosateng Frans a Bechuanaland ; Eastern Bama ey od Territory, Holud !

utbosh, P eine, 5085 Bosch lc Me n Kaweels Poort

and sain River, Rehnaa . 4800! r. 8, Transvaal,

Ps 20. ¢.

horizontal, thick, woody, often several in. long, wit ate scales ;

tems 21 h

Cyperus. ] CYPERACER (Clarke). 173

STERN REGION: Natal; Umlaas River, Krauss, 215! and without precise

gee a ba 123 ! Magid" 700! Dr 7 Tie: Delagoa Bay, Speke,

2! Menyhart, Junod, 87! Kun

es in Tropical yr? ica and mrentiey

This “oF hardly differs from C. ee but by the nieces of leaves ;

Yar. 8 is intermediate between the two species, and might be iow ed to

indicate t at sph erospermus is only the leafy state. of C. donate alus—as

Kunth treated it in his naming of Drége’s collection.

Pret C. denudatus (Linn. f. Suppl. 102); glabrous, stout ; rhizome

besser thick, woody, often several in. long, with o vate scales ;

em 2 ft. long, acutely triquetrous at the top ; leaves none, upper-

ary sheath produced on o e- Aa se ses acute ; umbel

compound or decompound, 1-6 in racts 2, lower erect

style, rs as in 2. shersprmasm Se d. in Flora, 1829, 152;

Kunth, ee ft 35. C epretus, Steud. Syn. Pl. am

C. amphibolus, Steud. Sun yn. Pl, Glum. ii. 22. C. lanceus, Schultes in

Roem. et Sc chultes, Syst. ii. Mant, 106, not of Thunb.

Sourn Arrica: wivon’ locality, Wallich! Sieber, 109! Harvey, 361!

Eeblon ond Zeyher, 14! 15

Coast Region : Clan Sham D ; Gift Bay) 1500-2500 ft., Drége / between

Piquiniers Kloof and ritecnaaity River, aoe 00 ft., Drége, Ca pe Div.; Table

Mountain, Ecklon, 888! Burke, 329! Paarl Div. ; by the Berg River, Drage!

Worcester Div. ; mountains above Windetes, Rehm mann, 2578! Caledon Div. ;

Grabuuw, near Pal almiet River, 700 ft., Bolus, 4232! eas sg bs Zo nder

Kinde River below 1000 f . Riv

’ t.; Drége. ier ale Div.;

Burchell, a ! Uitenhage Div. ; thet the mouth of the ae River, Drige

Albany Di -3 near Grahamstown, 1000-2 ft., Drége, MacOwan,

Gletng, Drage f King Williamstown Div.; ; 2000 ft., Kuntze, 269! ‘Komgba

Katamari Riotow Orange Free State, Buchanan, 108! Transvaal; Hout-

; a

Eastern Reorio t iekaei: between Bashee River and Morley, Drege,

8! Nats tal; Ioan, 1200 ft., Wood, 13898! and without precise locality,

Buchanan, 313 ;

Also in South gia Africa and Madagascar.

ikelets very variable in length, usually 4~} in., sometimes $-1 in. ; not

varying much in breadth,

marginatus (Thunb. Prod. 18) ; eager A rhizome

ft. long, _ terete at the top; leaves none ; uppermost

Nearly all Solitary chestnut lew li oe “ y in,

, a » gus ening. pt $

aes — tha : + in.), 6-38-flowered, strongly compressed,

hard - arcely

nerved ; % st 8

anthers linear, not crested ; nut > 2 the ]

int; margins often glistening,

valine 3 Meinans. 3; ength

174 cypERace& (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

of the glume, brant Ss trigonous, brown ; style as long as the nut;

branches 3, about as long as the style. FI. "Cap. ed. Schult. 100 ; Nees

in Linnea = is Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 571. landus,

Kunth, pao ii. 36; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv, , 570. Cfo

Kunth, Enum, ii. 36. C. prolifer, Nees in Linnea, vil. 494, at

least in part. OC. prionodes, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 22.

Ss Argica: without locality, Thunberg, Zeyher, 1747! —-

Zeyher, 16! it

OA8T REGION: Clanwilliam Div.; Bosch Kloof, 1000 ft., Drége. Wore

Div. ; ai nsestin near Hex River, 2500 ft., Bolus, 5273! Port Elizabeth Dir: 3

E.S8.C.d. Herb. 237! Komgha Div.; by the Kei River, ft., Drege.

500

Cathcart Div. ; Blesbok Flats, 3000-4000 ft., gi th por gai Div. ; . Shiloh,

3500 ft., Baur, 886! Klaarsmits River, 3500 ft., 3!

Centra Recion: Calvinia Div.; Lospers Plats ” 3000-4009 ft., Pye

1753! Beaufort West Div.; Nieuw Veld Mountains 3000-5000 ft., near

Beaufort West, Drége! Somerset Div. ; near the Little le Fish River, 2 2300-2800 ft.

MacOwan, 1916! 1955! 2019! 2019b! Richmond Div., vicinity of Styl Koo

near Richmond, 4000-5000 ft., Dréye! Colesberg Div., "Sha aw ,

the Orange River, Cooper, 1373! Burghersdorp, reid 1667! * shal

North Div. ; vag of the Orange River, near Aliwal North (Butfel Vallei), Drege,

4407! Leeuwen Spruit, between Kraai River and the Witte Ber. rgen n, 4500 ft.,

gen T3921 Region: Little ng yay between Verleptpram and the

mouth of the Ora aio oppeaet 1000 ft

Katanart Recion: Griqualand Watt, ier Campbell, dhe Fs :

1815! Kimberey, Barth, 874! Sone Free State; near Kaffir “fete

urg an

Burke ! and wit cchoat precise locality, Boeken nan, 125! Basutoland, Zeyher, 8!

Sonning “pee near the so fact Kuruman River, ee 2454! Transvaal ;

ag d, Re hmann, 66 B33! V ul River, Nelson, 198

Eas ape Natal; ‘Cilites, Kuntze, eo and without precise

locality, pithy 407.

in Angola, and at Walfisch Bay.

21. C. textilis (Thunb. Prod. 18); glabrous, tall, leafless ;

rhizome horizontal, woody, + in. diam., with ovate, a seh black

striations, ? in. long ; stem up to 2-3 ft. long; top terete or roun

ping gia smooth not striate ; uppermost sheath pte scarcely

an shortly acute ; bra ets 8 or 10, subequal, disdain ese the

unital ata (not ‘eaudate) at the tip; umbel c d; rays 8

or 10; bracteoles to the secondary umbels or cor iit inconspicuous,

not jin. long ; spikelets 2-7, digitate, rusty pale red, compres ssed, up

to i b rae 6-16-flowere oe glumes i mbricate, boat-shaped,

subacute, ineglar rly ribbed ; mens 3; anthers linear, hardly

crested ; nut } the length of de glume, ‘triquetrous, ellipsoid or

obovoid, ma at dah end, brown; style much shorter than the

nut ; branches 3, linear, shortly exserted from glume. FT. Cap. ed.

Schul t. 100; Nees in Linnea, vii. 513; x. 135; Kunth, Enum

ii. 32; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 567. Cc. Burchell, Schrad. ar

‘ap.

Smithii, Schrad. ws re Cap. 12 in Obs.; Nees in Linnea, x. 1393

Kunth, Enum. ii. C. asperifolius, Desfont. Cat. Hort. begs: :

ed. 3, 387; ot poe ii, 114. C. punetorius, Schrader '

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxy. 567. :

Cyperus. | CYPERACEH (Clarke). 175

Sourn AFRICA: igs locality, Thunberg, Thom, 890! Bergius, 171!

Ecklon and Z , 124 129!

OAST REG C ‘Div. 3; Ca

Flats, ianean, 1775 | Burke! Pei 4860! Salt Pia “Burchell, 507! 687!

berg, 100 50 Dr chter, ! Paarl Di

! 0 e

Doorn River, below 1000 ft. ; Drége. Riversdale Div.; Kaftirkuils River, Gill /

Uitenhage Div. ; Ecklon pee Zeyher, 170! Bathurst Div.; near Theopolis,

Burchell, 4055 !

This is a colonist near Bordeaux, and Sar been collected in Algiers by Munby.

Cultivated 4 in Mauritius, according to Bojer

ae ee 1.e aati with a

line or rib down the centre of each ce; otherwise as C. textilis,

Thunb.— Kunth, Enum. ii 2; Krauss in Flora, 1845, 754; Boeck

in Linnea, xxxv. 568. O. webbianus, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 20.

Sourm Arrica: without locality, Zeyher, 1746! Ecklon and Zeyher, 11!

Coast Region: Ki rool ler gare Div. ; Yellowwood River, 1000- 2000 ft.,

166

CENTRAL REGION ‘eines aie ; Fish ye! Burke !

WESTERN Reeiow: L Little Namaqualand, Scully !

Katanart Reaion :. Transvaal; Pre mga ae n, 4775!

nied Rise eine Transke ie Bashce gre r, below rae mide Drége, 4443!

4444! Natal; Umlaas River, Ira 46! Fie Maritzbur urg ; Kra auss,

eu ci iy 300 ft., Wood, 4029 |" and wishoes alah tosslity, Buthanan,

i in Tropical Africa.

In Woz od, 4029, from Nat tal, the stem is tri nO irregularly or obscurely

G-angled, and resembles much that of the nearly-allied pia ce Rottb. ;

but the spikelets in Wood, 4029, are rather those of C. sexan

2 ae 23. C. isocladus (Kunth, Enum. ii. 37) ; Bebe —_ creep-

ing,

s~¢ in. in diam., with ovate brown: scales n. long; stems

1-92 ft. long., triquetrous at the top, often minutely scabrous ; leaves

0; uppermost sheath produced on one side a hardly acute, not

ae to 2 by ay in, . compressed, brown ay dirt rty Daw leeee

6-12-flo wered ; — ovate, truncate, 3-nerved; keel hardly

excurrent as a point : ; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, not erested ;

nut minute, scarcely + the length of the glume, trigonous, obov oid:

white o T pa ale- brown; style slender about as long as the nut ; ceneni

3, Meese shortly exserted from the glume. C. equalis, Krauss in

Flora, 1845, 1534. Ce equalis, var. B, Boeck. / im Peters, imc.

38, and in Linnea, park 578. C.4jocladus, Drege and E. Meyer,

Planzengeogr. Documente 177. C. —— Drege and E. Meyer,

Me. = 2 ee 8 aii iead Drege le. 17

Ri ON: Pondoland; between icici River and St. Johns

Rive, Degg 4430! 4431! 4493: Ba shone 1 BE! 9 ! 96 oor a Soest:

Maco wan and Boke aes Nore: sass, Airs TOsaT Daron, Rehmann, 8623 !

360 | langa Valley, Wood, 1 1331! and without precise locality; Buchanan, 106!

SEES ee ee ee ey

SS ee a se

ee ee ee

176 cYPERACE# (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

C. prolifer, Lam. (C. zqualis, Vahl), is a frequent plant in South-east

Tro ropical Africa and the Mascarene Isla nds, and has the stem trigonous or nearly

terete at the top. From this C. isoc eine o differs in its triquetrous stem.

Boeckler Te be judicious in uniting t ; but several of the ——s

species are kept distinct on the same cn siacanies viz. stem triquetrous or

stem roundish.

ie 24. C. albostriatus (Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap.7); glabrous ; stolen

clothed by dark brown, elliptic scales, hardening into woo y rhizomes

3-1 in. in diam. ; stems 8-20 in. long, rather slender but age

trigonous at the top ; ; leaves numerous, all near the base of the stem,

as ‘long as the stem or only 3 that len ngth 18 in. broad, grass-like,

i c

spikelets often all solitary, pedicelled, but some enehiner 10 many

2-4-digitate oceur, + by ~;—~; in., com thin pale-brown, 8-24-

flowered ; glumes “ovate, acute or obtuse, not keeled ?

margins scabrous; stamens 3; anthers linear, not crested ; nut + the

length of the glume, trigonous, ellipsoid, brown ; style scarcely } the

length of the nut ; branches 3, linea, rather short. Kunth, Enum. ii.

34; Krauss in Flora, q : Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 581. C.

Mariscus, Nees in Linnea, vii. 515, x. 134; Kunth, Enum. ii. 106.

C. pulcher, Spreng. in Flora, 1829, Band i. Beil. 5; not of Thunb.

sia

Coasv Brotoy ale sacs E.S ties Herb., 189! Alexandria peed ;

“

Bas

kg vat “986 ! i wike mstow

een. 3500 ft., Kuntze, —. Bathurst Div. ; “Port Alfred, ohn indi 0

RAL REGION: Somerset Div. ; Bosch ‘Berg, Burchell, 3133! Ow

Katana ART REGIoN: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5659!

Eastern REGiIon: Tembuland, "Bendin: 2500-3000 ft., Baur, 578! Pondoland,

Bachm mann, 85! Griqualand ast 5 Umzimkulo Div.,: at Emyembi, 5000 ft.

ie :

atal G m-

Hert. ris] Rocio 48! Umibilo Riv. akon mann, ” 8093 ! Howick, Junod, 307!

nanda, Wood, 1088! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 361! Krauss rauss 10!

230!

mere

. C. prasinus (Kunth, Enum. ii 31); leaves 20 by +

asnuiinae, tough, many-nerved ; bracts narrow, acuminate ginilat Es

the leaves ; otherwise as C. albostriatus, Schrad.—Boeck. in Linnea,’

XXXV. 584.

Coast Rraton: East London, Kuntze, 271!

Katanart Reeion: Transvaal ; Hontbosch, Rehman 5653!

EasreRN ReGion: Pondoland, Drege, 4440!

Boeckler distinguishes this plant fr ray preps by its being monandrouss ig

4 find three stamens in the lower, cade two in upper ‘Moreover, the

nut, and the remarkable scabrous margins to = glothin, are ibe ee

Cyperus. ] CYPERACEX (Clarke). 177

species. Indeed C. prasinus has been reduced to C. albostriatus in herb. Kew,

though the broad thin leaves of the latter differ at first sight widely from the

narrow tough leaves of C. prasinus.

26. C. leptocladus (Kunth, Enum. ii. 32); glabrous ; rhizome

woody ; stems 12-20 in. long, rather slender, trigonous at the top;

leaves often nearly as long as the stem, 4 in broad, more or less 3-

nerved ; umbel lax, compound, 3-8 in. in diam., irregular, sometimes

proliferous ; bracts about 8, somewhat overtopping the umbel,

similar to the leaves ; spikelets mostly solitary, pedicelled, 1 by 54, in.

compressed, 8—14-flowered, greenish, ultimately dirty straw-coloured ;

glumes boat-shaped, obscurely 3-nerved, green on the back, keel

subexcuirent in a muero, margins broadly scarious not scabrous on

_ the edge; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, hardly crested; nut }

the length of the glume, ellipsoid, trigonous, brown; style 4 the

length of the nut, branches 3 shortish. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv.

581 partly.

EasterRN REGion: Natal; Coast-land, 0-1000 ft., Sutherland! Durban,

Kuntze, 227! and without precise locality, Drége, 4441 ! Buchanan, 318!

In Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 566, I have united my C. Bal-

Jourii (Journ, Linn. Soc. xx. 289) and some other Mascarene examples with C.

leptocladus. he type example of C. Balfourii does not exactly match C. lepto-

cladus, having narrower spikelets, and the other Mascarene “ C. leptocladus

differs much more,

27. C. subchoristachys (C, B. Clarke); glabrous; roots fibrous;

in. long tufted, slender, trigonous at the top ; leaves

very long, often overtopping the stem, }~} in. broad; bracts 3-4,

4ppearance simple, rays 3-4 up to 12 in. long; spikelets 8-20,

clustered without bracts at the head of each ray, forming a short

spike or compound close head ; spikelets 3 by 34; in, 8-14-flowered ;

glumes ovate-oblong, obtuse, distant, not imbrieate in fruit, green,

Stamens 3; style 3-fid; nut 2 the length of the glume, obovoid,

triquetrous, black.

x Coast Region: Cape Town, Spielhaus! in herb. Luebeck. No specimen at

Ww.

This plant js closely allied to the ubiquitous C. diffusus, Vahl. It has much

harrower leaves and bracts, the spikelets are aot in few-flowered digitate clusters

and the glumes more obtuse, ‘-

. ; stems often 3 ft. long, triquetrous at the

top, ¢ in. in diam. (slenderer in var. 8); leaves 18 by { in. thick, flat

178 CYPERACE (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

ae | glumes loosely ec hardly outed, ovate- ee .

very obtuse, obscurely nerved, margins an tip searious ; stamens 3;

anthers linear, not crested ; nut + the length of the glume, trigonous, |

narrow-obovoid, brown ; style & the length of the nut, branche es 3

linear, moderately exserted from the glume. Kunth, Enum. u. ee ;

Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 152 ; not of Decaisne. oe scoparius,

Poir. in Lam. Encye. vii. 253; Kunth, Enum. ii. 75; Willd. US.

not “he Decaisne (see Presi. in Ol: en, Isis xxi. Ae

AR. B, an hone es in Flora, 1845, 754) ; het in ci eda leaves

re Med os be , Nees in Linnea, ix. 285; Kunth, Enu 115, C.

pte, var, entice, Bosch ex Clarke in Durand na Sohine Conapect. Fi. Afr.

566,

Katanwart Reeron: Orange Free State; between Harrismith and Leribe,

acne 215! Transvaal; Nylstroom River, Nelson 2*! Var. 8, Transvaal ;

Hou tbosch, Rehmann, 5660!

EASTERN Reeion: ‘Transkei ; aan! River, te 4442! bbe ban

near Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tyson, 2867! Natal; Umlaas River, K; 79:

Durban Flat, Buchanan, BL Wood, pet and without seca locality, Bu saat an,

314! Delagoa Bay, Scott / Var. B, N tal; swamps near Umlaas s River, Krauss,

211! and without precise hdaality, Duikacinn 110!

. ino in South Tropical Africa and the Mascarene Islands. Var. 8 in

Ca 29. C. distans (Linn. f. Suppl. 103); glabrous, large or medium-

sized ; stolons 1; in. in diam., clothed by black-brown acute scales

+ in. long, but as in other sboleniferons species by no means always

Sea by the plant, rarely present in herbaria ;

ong, trigonous am the top, smooth, somewhat sle nder ; leaves neatly

as lo ong as the stem, 1—! in, broad ; umbel usually 4-8 in. in diam.

REA go the umbel, similar to the leaves; spikelets loosely

variants in breadtl and ‘1g in. in Rehmann, 7752,

10-20-flowered ; thachilla ase winged, the linear- lnncoy

scarious-white wings finally dehiseing from the base (exactly as

C. rotundus, ‘fastigiatus, Se.) ; glumes distant, hardly boat- ape

ic, obtuse, 3-nerved, green on the back; stamens 3; anthers

Bane

trigonous, oblong or somewhat oboy oid, brown ; style much shorter

than the nut, branches 3 linear, a little exserted hays the glume.

Beauv, Fl. Owar. i. 35, t. 20; Kunth, Enum. ii. 93; Boeck.

Linnea, xxxv. 612; ©. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. S . xxi. 144,

and in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 607. . elatus, —- in Oken,

Isis, xxi. 271; Boeck. in Flora, 1879, 551; not of La

Coast Region: Komgha Diy. ; 3; Flanagan, see

Katanart Region: Transvaal; Cave Mountains, Nelson, 95! Houtbosch,

septa 5656!

ERN REGION: Tembuland ; between Morley and the Umtata River»

Bikes, 4434! 4435! Natal; Clairmon nt, Kuntze, =m Durban, Buchanan, 19!

Cyperus. | CYPERACEH (Clarke). 179

Camperdown, Rehmann. 7752! and without precise locality, Buchanan,

116! 117! ;

Found in all tropical and warm-temperate regions.

30. C. compressus isis Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 68); annual, glabrous,

green; stems 4-16 in. long, trigonous at the top, smoot ; leaves

about as ne as the ee 4-1 in. broad, grass-like ; umbel simple,

3-10 in. in diam., or sometimes of 1 head; bracts 3-4, oe

the umbel, atnilar to the leaves ; spikelets 3-10, io gf

much ae 3-t by 2-1 in, ae be wered, or gr en

many-nerved ; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, not crested; nut

x the length of the glume, broadly obovoid, triquetrous with concave

faces; ; style shorter than the nut, branches 3 Hees, shortly exserted

rom the glume. Kunth, Enum. ii. 23; Boeck. n Linnea, xxxv. 517;

C B. Clarke in Journ Linn. Soc. xxi. 97, and in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

chi vi. 605 7 oi } C. caffer, G. Bertol. in Rendiconts

Recion: Kaftraria, Schultz! Natal; Coast-land, Sutherland!

Seas Riv er, below 200 ft., Drége, 4396! and without precise locality, Gerrard,

704! Kuntz ze, 228! Delagoa Bay, Kuntze, 218!

Found in all tropical and warm-temperate regions.

31. C. aristatus (Rottb. Rie et. Ic, 23, t. 6, fig. 1); annual,

glabrous ; stems tufted, 1-6 in. long, trigonous oy the top, smooth ;

leaves about as long as the stem, 'y—7'5 in. broad ; umbel simple or

reduced tol head, up to s in, in diam. ; bracts 3-5, jeabibtet the

sy boutedavesdiaie 7_-9-ribbed over aes ease entire

» keel green produced as a recurved bristle ; stamen 1; anther

oblong, not crested ; nut 2as long as the glume (bristle included),

trigonous, narrow-obovo id, dull brown ; style shorter than the nut,

branches 3 linear, shortly exserted from the glume. Kunth, Enum.

U. 23; Steud. in Flora , 1842, 585; Boeck. in Linnwa, xxxv. 500;

C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc, xxi, 91, and in shes sk FI. Brit.

Ind. yi. ‘a Acad. 308; 5,

- C. squarrosus, Linn. Amo en. Ac ‘ste

Rais ed. ii. 66 partly. Shia hee intricatus, Linn. Mant. "182 5 Thunb.

rod. 18 ; Fl. Cap. ed. Schul

=. Arata: Fl 817!

Py La ee mi his, Pb grate ween Porter and Trigards

Ponte, ie 6647! and without precise locality, McLea in Herb. Bolus,

Found in all tropical and warm-temperate regions.

frei 2. C, uaitatns (Burchell, Trav. $. Afr. i. 417 in note) ; glabrous;

lons 3, in, diam.; arising from the stem-base, elongate, clothed

Y pale Hapa ged in. long, producing bulbs at their extremities,

N 2

180 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

2 4

clo y numerous imbricate seales, outer striate, inner shining

smooth, m germination producing a simple shoot from the vertex

+z In. in the dried examples), which grows erect to near the

surface of the soil where it divides and forms the new stem-base ;

stem 4-10 in. long, slender, trigonous at the top, smooth ; pete

overtopping the stems, narrow with whip-like ends but muc

widened (usually 2 in. wide) close to the base; umbel 3-12 in. in

diam., with 6-30 s pikelets, sub-corym bose, i ‘imperfectly umbelled,

lowest ray often 1-1 in. below the next ; - si longer than the

umbel, similar to the leaves ; ; i s on iets , 8-12 2-flowered,

comapeonselt, shining dark-re vinbilla ee hyaline Wings 5

then withering ; bulbs globose or ovoid, }—} in. long, dark-brown,

the

nut, branches 3 line ear, long, mitch ¢ canes from the glume. Nees

in Linn, vil. 516, ix. 285, excluding a *: a Kunth, Enum.

li. 107; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv. 511; Clarke in Journ.

Linn Soe: xxi. L7G, excluding syn. C. spelt Me solidus,

Ku nth, Enum. ii. 76 partly. C. bulbifex, EH. Meyer MS.; Drége in

Linnwa, xx. 245, and Pflanzengeogr. Documente 177, (ifn om

Coast Rereion: Paarl Div.; Paarl : ome tains, 2000-3000 ft., es

Uitenhage Div.; Ecklon and Zeyher Bathurst Div. 5.” Port Autre

é -

CENTRAL Reeton: Prince Albert Div.; betwe the pei River and

4 +3 ite “Ba e Btation nes

: Halt,” Burchell, 2684! Albert ed s murahosdes: ee ae r, 1376! aad

Aliwal North Div.; bank of the On range River r pene prihiing ‘North, 430

Drege! Colesberg Div. ; a near Colesberg, 2

STERN Reeion: Little Na ssnaqualnd, rae 43 1 the

Katanart ReGion: Griqualand We ast 5 Haig “Gri riqua Town anc :

Asbestos Mountains, Burchell, sr 2082 ! Orange Free St: oh Caledon po

! Burke, 302! Draai Foutein, Rehmann. 3084! Bloem pnb

Kuntze, 245! Transvaal; Bamboes Bprait, Nelson, 97! avd without prec

locality, McLea in Herb. Bolus, 6013!

33. C, esculentus (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 67); glabrous ; stolons

is in. in diam., clothed by pale ferruginous lanceolate scales g MD.

g, terminated often by zonate, ellipsoidal, woody tubers 1 in. long,

hardening ultimately into tough woody rhizomes ; stems $-16 in-

long, erect at the base, rather slender at the top, i aringe ae smooth ;

leaves often as long as the stem, 1 in. broad; umbel 2-6 in. ry

iam., usually once compound ; bracts 3-4, overtopping the ae

similar to the leaves ; spikelets spicate .a by {3 in., compress¢

pale, often somewhat golden, 8-14-flow mee — scarious-

d; —— — Hight omy eon cage (in

much shorter than the nut, branches 3 — long. Kunth, Enwm-

ii, 61; Boeck, in Linnea, xxxvi. 287; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.

Soe. xxi. 178, and in er: Bee. fee vi. 616. C. Tenoril,

Cyperus. ] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 181

_ Presl, Fl. Stieul. xliii.: Krauss in Flora, 1845, 754. ©. retusus,

Nees ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 754. . C. ’ Buchanant, Boeck. Cyp.

Nove, i, 1888, 4.

Katanart Recion: Or range Free State; between Harrismith and ses

sa 212! Transvaal ; ‘Pretoria, Rehmann, 4776! Houtbosch, Rehman

an Tol ton: Griqualand East ; oo near Fie Sevag 2500 ft.,

con Kaffir Kraal, Wood, 1581 r Umlaas River, Krauss, 97!

Co inte pee 7147! and withous precise Shiels, Bachoaon 83! 316!

‘ In all tropical and warm-temperate regions, except Malaya, Australia, and

ceanla,

peg 34. C. corymbosus (Rottb. Deser. et Ic. 42, t. 7, fig. 4); glabrous ;

stolons stout, becoming a thick woody rhizome ; atoms 2-3 ft. lon

stout, trigonous at the top, very obscurely transverse-septate ; leaves

0, or uppermost short ; rays of umbel up to 3-6 in. long; bracts 3-4,

usually 13-3 in, Jong suberect, keeled ; spikelets numerous, loosely

or closely spicate, 2 by in,, compressed, 10—18-flow: eidk, straw-

coloured with red pee =: these G pugedriig 2, ane ovate,

subobtuse, hardly keeled : stamens 3; anthers linear, not crested ;

nut scarcely 1 + the length of the he trigonous, obovoid ; style

shorter than the nut, branches 3 linear, longish. C. B. Clarke in

~tcidit Linn. Soc. xx. 292, xxi. 158, and in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

612. ©. articulatus, Kunth, Enum. ii. 53, partly, t.e. the

Dri eg? examples with the septations of the stems obsolete.

Fo cree Reaion: Natal; near the mouth of the Umzimkulu River, Drége,

Throughout the tropical and warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres.

rhizome | long, 2-1 in, thick, ‘clothed a ovate, acute, pale Eos

Scales ] in, ae : pores: ms solitary, , 2 ft. long, trigonous, smooth ; ‘leaves

Usually hardly any, sometimes 2—6 in. long , in Krauss’ type specimen

Up to 26 in. (Kraues defines the species as leafless) ; umbel con-

densed more or ess, or rays sometimes up to 7 in. long; bracts 3,

},Lisnerved on back, shining, pale or brownish ; nut scarcely 3 the

ength of the glume ; style as long as the nut, branches 3 linear.

343.

Boeck. in Linnea, XEEVi-

“spa AFRICA: withont locality, Harvey, 71!

ec REGION : Orange Free Sta a Rachaade. 109 !

. Natal ; rsh ala es, Umlaas River, Krauss, 207!

Durban Pin, Wood, 4102 Emlckenea: “Pie 127! —— Kuntze, 229!

Without ; see locality, Buchanan, 311! Gerrerl, 4

Also occurs at the mouth of the Zambesi River.

a aeles of Pec species are easily recognized ; long-leaved examples

he gzceedi ugly like o. platystachys, differing chiefly by their

“*, More shin ning, ae Sones apie! ets.

182 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Cyperus,

36. C. rotundus (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 67) ; glabrous; rhizome

woody, creeping, with tuberous thickenings ; stem 8-24 in lon g, erect

at the base, trigonous at the top, smooth leaves 2 the regi of the

stem, 1-1 in. broad ; umbel 1-8 in. diam. , compound simple or of

one spike; bracts 4 oveatopping the umbel ; spikelets spicate,

1 by ;—J5 in. (in the large Cape form), much ‘compressed, 12-24-

flowered, chestnut- #68 thachilla seeawpiaed: glumes boat-

shaped, ovate, pointed, aE 3 nerves forming the eels stamens 3;

anthers linear, no crested ; nut + the length of the glume, trigonons

obevoid, dark-brown ; style shorter than the oe branches 3 lin

longish. Kunth, mum. ii. 58; ° Boeck. in néd, XXXVI1. 283

C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 167, oe in ak. f, Hi: Brit

Ind. vi. 614.

VaR. B, ora (©. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. oe. dagen

greatly aongated, 2h in, long, with 68 flowers in Saunt 312. k. f. Fl.

neat eee i, 615

peeaake s(0.B. Clarke in Durand See Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Aft. v

570) spikelets large, clustered, suberect. C. twberosus, Boeck. in Linneo,

vi, 285, in great part, i.e. the “African examples.

“Gxonat .. Albert Div., Cooper, 1365 !

WestERN Reeion: Little scale hen near the mouth of the Orange

River, Dri, 2 468!

EasTERN RecGion: Natal, Site 297! Var. B, Natal, Buchanan, 312!

vey do Bay, Junod, 211! Fj Katfraria, Schultz. Natal, Gerrard, 705!

rege, 4

Nini distributed i in all tropical and warm-temperate regions—a rice-field

pes

. Durand and ~~ por ees Fi. Afr. v. 575, I followed Mr. N. EB. Brown

and sorted Buchanan, 109, 311, as C. Lincs var. platystachys ; 1 new follow

Mr. Baker and sort a as e natalen

a ‘ 37. C. longus (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 67); stem decumbent at the

ase ;

C. Fierce num. ii. 60; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxVvl. 979,

excluding var. B, ¢, 6,9; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 163,

excluding var. B, y, and in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 614. (Type

form not known from South Africa.

R. 6, tenuiflorus (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 281) ; umbel lore straggling, with

cal seared rays ; spikes denser ; Ba nein set more brightly co eoloured, more

brown or chestnut. C. tenuiflorus, Rotth. Deser. et Ie. 30, t iA, fig. 1. C. badius,

- lant. i. 45, t. 7, fig. emarginatus, Schrad. . Fl. Cap. 5;

unth, Enum. ii. erylorus, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 152, and Sy

3 n Linnea, vii. 517; x. C. amenus, Kunth,

Enum. ii. 58 longus var. badius, Cambess. in Mém. Mus. d’?Hi ss

323 ; Boeck: innea, x ; C. B. Clarke in seg — a xxi. 169.

- ¢. to var. elongata, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc =U.

} (

élongatus in bia authors and pinta not Dre

two ‘Pflan zengeogr. Documente 177 p ais Sieber). 0 rotund, i

pia “Avs: Pia 2469! a 170! Eckl, Zeyher, 64!

gion: Clanwilliam Div.; W. Dat Didje Cape Di ce :

lats, —— 3926! 3926b | uppert ro e! Cape Bay, “

F amps Ba,

885! al the ponds near Cape Town, Burchell, 675! Bota any Bay ;

‘ ape

ata pres 254! Paarl Div.; by the Berg River, below 500 ft., va Dre eye

SON tees

Cyperus. ] OYPRRACER (Clarke). 183

Tulbagh Div., Drége, 2467! Worcester Div.; mountains above Worcest er,

Rehmann, 2576! and without precise locality, Ecklon! Zwellendam Div.,

so Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, Bawr, 1182! Klaas Smits River, Baur,

ENTRAL Reeion: Prince Albert Div. ; near pb clageiateg rahe be Richmond

Div. ; recon Richmond and Brak Vallei Rive er, 3000-4000 sagt a ! Albert

73 near Braam Berg, Cooper, 1365! Aliwal North Div, "4500 fi - Drége,

86!

TERN ook etl Little Namaqualand; near the mouthof the Orange River,

Dré

Katanari =e A Hopetown Div. ; by the Orange a Burchell, 2651!

Griqualand West ; Griqua tone, Burchell, 1937! Hebron, by the Va: al Rive er,

Nelson, 86*! Transvaal ; Pretoria, at Wonderboom Paork, pt eel on 4433 !

und without precise locality, MeLea in Herb. Bolus, 5813!

Typical C. longus is a native of eyes North Africa and West Asia. The

form amenws is endemic in South Afric

All the South African “longus? a to that form var. tenuilorus

called a sp, lone enus) by Kunth, which is very uniform, and easily distinguished

from C. rotundus, Linn., by she much narrower neater spikelets oe ‘tightly

inbricated r glumes. (. longus is generally separated from r Us

y the stem nig aed! = i b age o hick, ret

tuberous rhizome; but s ple s hav stem nearly erec

amples of @.

at the base with a wouty ‘bulb narrowed yoddonly snto tthe leader ; these Ku wr

named rotundus

38. C. fastigiatus (Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 32, t. 7, fig. 2); glabrous ;

stolons 0; stem 2-3 ft. long, rather oe triangular at oe top,

smooth : leaves often as long as he stem, }-} in. broad; umbel

6-10 in. in diam. ; bracts 3-4, similar 0 ane leaves, lowest ‘often

12-18 in. long ; umbellules oan umbels) ne ear] or qui

Vii, 519, x. Lisi, Kuni, Enum, ii. es 0. ceatelie Nees in Wri

Satis in Fiera. 4 845 754. 6 seth ni Kunth, Enum. ii. 68, as

to the Cape plant. C. semiangulatus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii.

relat a apyrus venustus, Nees in Linnea, x. 138 partly, i.e. plant

FRICA ; bys Face Drage, 1600! 7386! Zeyher, 175414377!

Bil ent Zana, Aesher, 7387! Cape Di

OAsT REGION: tae rthal, Drege, 73 ape DIV. ;

ond Cape Town, ? Cianwit face De: tht Panel Div ? . Herp: Rivet; below

bosch

2 =

aes:

Vv. >

huge Div +> Ecklon and ace 437! ! Sabo Div,; near Grahamstown,

184 cYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Cyperus.

eit 000 ft., Drege! Bothas Hill, 2000 ft., MacOwan, 1270! King Williams-

Div.; near Toise River rat 3700 ft., Kuntze, 281! Queenstown

Dr ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., Baur, 888! 898

CENTRAL REGION: Rial North Div.; Kraai Spee 4500 ft., Drege! :

ese Recion: Griqualand We ey by the Vaal River, Bur chell, 1773!

e Free State; near Winburg, Buchana fet Transvaal ; Schoon Spruit,

near "Klerksiorp, Nelson, 57! Hooge Veld, ees Porter and Teigards Fontein,

EAsteRN <a Jon; Transkei; between Gekau and Pel: bags aaa er,

saree ft., Drége. Natal; Vola River, Krauss, 65! 161 ottin

Bucha n, 135! Durban Flat, wove , 4412! Wood, TOT! 4088 ! and thon

precise eae Buchanan, 91! 317!

39. C. immensus (C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 294);

. by -

often a foo tena ae 4-8, similar to the leaves, lowest often

24 by 1 in. ; seconda pis umbels with many rays and bracts 1-4 in.

long ; spikes 1} by 4 in., cylindric, dense, of 30-70 spikelets, eer

ore or less compo ympres

yellow or straw-coloured, 10-20-flowered ; wings of rhachilla linear-

lanceolate, or linear, yellow, soon separating, caducous ; ; glumes closely

glume, pagers ellipsoid, pyramidal at the ends, brown ; style as

long as t, branches 3 linear. C. alapecuroides, var. a dives,

Boeck, in palates XXXVi. 321.

EGION: Orange Free on Buchanan, 103! Transvaal ; Cave

Mosutaine Great Spelonke, Nelson,

Recion: Natal; swamp near Sydenham, Wood, 4093! 5807!

Kast : d,

and without Age locality, Drege, 4446! Buchanan, 335! Delagoa Bay;

Fo mel ! Kuntze, 299!

Also in Tropical Africa me EP

This ae from 0. exaltatus, Retz. (C. alopecuroides, Boeck.), not only by its

great size and large nha eat t by the deciduous yellow wings of the rhachilla ;

ig ray character eis the structure and habit generally) bring it next the Ir dian

digitat

40. C. al cesta (Roem, and Schultes, Syst. ii. 87 6)5

glabrous ; rhizome woody, fa Grog ; stems 5-12 ft. long, stout,

hardly keeled; nut 3 the length of the glume, obtusely trigonous,

ellipsoid, dusky black. Kunth, ies li. 64, apyrus, formd,

Vahl, Enum, ii. 366 in Obs. ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 304, Papyrus

madagascariensis, Willd. in Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1812, 72.

Eastern REGION: Delagoa Bay, Forbes !

Also in the Mascarene Islands.

The description of the species here given is taken shortly from Madagascat

Cyperus. | CYPFRACEH (Clarke). 185

yg The neue of the ng plant collected by Forbes are either

C. madagascariensis or C. p ER gene ., Which hardly differs but by the oe

bracts to the sagondary umbels.

. MARISCUS, Gaertn.

Spikelet of few, or many distichous eae 2 lowest empty,

ew or man succeeding glumes 2-sexu al perfecting nuts ; upper-

most male or sterile ; rhachilla disarkioaliting below the lowest fertile

glume from a cushion; falling off in one piece. Stamens 3-2,

anterior. Style with 3 linear branches. Nut triangular (or plano-

convex from the flattening of the anticous angle), narrowly oblong,

elliptie, or AP chtheg in longitudinal section, smooth; superficial cells

nea Sh

aig ano ous; leaves all near the base of the stem; inflorescence of

all ma forms occurrin ng in Cyperus,

DistR1B. Species 170, in all tropical and warm-temperate regions ; species

psec to Europe; in the New World a few reach Canada and a few taal

Sect. I. Bulbocaules. — sized. No stolons. Stems thickened at ne

aye by the conspicuous scarious or brown leaf-sheaths. Umbel simple, small, o

often ofl head. Spikelets sos pe iing 1 or few nuts (in M, vestitus 4-8 ei)

Pabinsenience in Sec

iat ee 1 not (rarely as in MM. albo-

marg svar. 2nu 8)

Ind ace of 1 bead of 1-3 sessile or

sessile spikes ; spikelets fetfoue nut lipid

Dense cylindric spikes ed, i

cri Spe umbel ; cpikelete Insioostkes: saat narrow-

(1) capensis.

oblor (2) albomarginatus.

Spike ee -eylindric, peduncled, in a a simple

soid... op

mbel; spikelets obtuse ; pretest (3) Marlothii.

fe nuts :

in one dense eee ‘ee coloured .. (4) dregeanus.

lair Bas dunetea wait in a “simple umbel, 4

red ne (5) vestitus,

Sect. II, Eu-Marisci. Medium-sized. No stolons. Basal Jeaf-sheaths not

como inflated. Umbel simple or nearly so. Spikelets ripening 1 or few

nuts (in M. luguliformis 4-8 nuts), green or yellowish, not red.

Leaves and bracts lee spikelets prt 1-2

(rarel 8-4) nu These are all o species >

1 es wnbellatus ee ‘u. flavus), Vahl, in the opinion

Spikelets linear-lanceolate; rays as long as the

i 3 sis . ... (6) sieberianus.

Spikelets oblong ; spikes: large, "Jong, | dense, ‘ :

‘ cylindrie (7) nossibeensis.

Spikelets linear lance lat ee ikes shorter

“on cola e sma sp (8) ambellates,

Spikelets gonads 2-1. flowered, 1- ‘nutted ; > a ys :

n long... ... (9) radiatus.

Scactcce oblong, 1; flowered ; mays aca any .. (10) macer.

Leay Pikelets oblong, 2-3-nutted - (Ql “i

ves and bracts pris spik elets m ring ‘3-5 n (12) luzuliformis.

€s und bracts s

ets minute

186 CYPERACEZ (Clarke). [Mariscus.

eae a fs lady he! Arey Robust biennials or perennials; tall (except

M. tabularis, var. humilis). i very numerous, brown-red or much marked

with red, Leaves and bracts 1

useage! a a as glumes reddish, with

gree pale back :

ot transversely veined (14) congestus.

Spikelets 3-4-nutt ed, oblong, wicrt red-brown; umbel

mpouv sai

ee transversely veined (15) umbilensis.

Spikelets “2-10. nutted, lanceolate, compressed, red-

bro

aac and bracts transversely veined (somewhat

spongy

Spikes clustered on the primary rays of the

bel :

tem obtusely trigonous at the (16) riparius.

Stem acutely triquetrous at cs top ; i

glumes mucronulate 17} elatior. 7

Leaves ian Savaibed § ; spikelets with

0 nu (18) involutus.

ssh more aistinetl tly “compou

und :

Spikelets densely spicate, 4-nutted ... (19) his

Spikelets loosely spicate, 4-nutted ... (20) O 1

Spikelets 10-nutted caeksy Gueinsii.

spilt 10-nutted ; umbel 4h ft. f

(22) elephantinus.

Leaves te “bracts” not transversely veined (of

Leaves = (wien dry) flat, midrib strong (23) tabularis.

Leaves (when dry) rolled uP, no “jiatinet fi

eo tee (24) durus.

as Sistine terete, pian upper glumes long

e or less re

“Lea aves earn, flaccid ; poet nn $ very flexuose ... (25) rehmannianus.

We 1. capensis (Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 13); glabrous; stolons 0;

stem 4—14 in. long, medium or slender, trigonous at the top, smooth ;

leaves olten as long as the stem, 1-2 in, br oad, weak ; basal sheaths

inflated, brown; stem-base appearing much thickened, oblong of

void ; infloresvence subcapitate, straw- coloured, of 1—4 short a

in. broad, flat ; spikelets nearly straight (26) Cooperi. :

spikes, sessile or a ray rarely up to z in. in length; bra s 3-9,

similar to the leaves, lowest 3-5 in long ; spikelets cee.

densely packed in each sp hg, ovo f 4 glumes,

aks ; branches 3,

Mariscus. ] CYPERACEM (Clarke). 187

in Linnea, vii. 520,x. 139; Kunth, Enum. ii. 122. M. uitenhagensis,

Steud. Syn. Pl. Gum. ii. 317; cf Boeck. in Flora, 1859, 66.

Kyllinga capensis, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 153. Cyperu S capensis,

Boeck. in nse ale Sxxvic S78,” Oi ‘Marlothii, Boeck. in Eng. Jahrb.

xi. 407 p

RICA ; ipneat locality, Zeyher, 1765! Ludwig, 266! Harvey?

v pate cae hage Div., Ecklon!

CEN Rr@ion: Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, 2500 ft.! MacOwan, 2036!

Albert ne Pag hak 3331!

KEGION Orange Free State; Caledon River, Burke, 303!

Pachnecauuis stony phos waa Kuruman, 4000 ft., Marloth, 1108! Transvaal,

ii at Herb, Bolus, 6022

TERN REGION: Suan Bay, Junod, 236! 233 partly !

2. M. albomarginatus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz,

nee Hb Ate: vy: 584); rays of umbel 3-5, the lowest usually

z71q in. lon g (but sometimes 0), each apes a dense cylindric spike

of apikelen spikelets lanceolate ; nut 2 the length of the glume,

linear oblong ; otherwise as M. capensis, ‘Schrad.

Var. 8, binucifera a Clarke); spikelets often perfecting’2 nuts; rhacbilla

nearly as long us’ the g

Coa nl ential alsa Div.; between Van Stadens River and Galgebosch,

Burchell, pres

Kaan wie GION: Griqualand West ; between Griqua Town and Moses

Fonten, Burehely 2034!

6433 ASTE EGION: var, 8, Pondoland; St. Johns River, 4500 ft., Schlechter,

Both forms also ocenr in Nyasaland.

3. M. mee thee (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl, Afr, 590); glabrous; stolons stem 6-9 in. long, rather

slender, ssigohins at the top, nseete: pay as Jong as the stem,

Yo in broad ; rays of umbel 2-5, 0-11 in, long, wither stiff ; neem

+ ., very dense, greenish ; spikelets (even wind: “nearly ripe)

Suberect, 1-nutt ed, 3—1 in, long, oblong- -ellipsoid, very soir to

those e of M, c cpenes, but greener. Cyperus Marlethi, Boeck.

Eng. Jahrb, xi. 407 part

VaR. 8, globos s of umbel slender ; spikes globose,

3 in, ie ee ivslaik Lot oa as in M. Marlothii type).

ch prs echkel — na snes bg nag ‘ rocky hill near Groot River,

Burchell, 5020!

Katanart REGION Transvaal; Pretoria, Rehmann, 4035! 4728!

eet r. B may be treated as a dis nap ane but no differences have becn

ound other than the slight ones given a

“pe Cis in long, eee trigonous ae the p, Enact, bearing

ense com nnd head of spikelets ; positeg often as

phe stem wack, grass-like ; sheaths of basal

leaves inflated, * ‘watioen or coloured, forming an V oblong thickening to

188 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Mariscus.

the stem-base ; a cara ovoid, 1—% in. long, of 1 or 2-6 con-

fluent spikes; bracts 3-4, similar fo eh leaves, lowest 3-7 In.

long; spike of ve 2 numerous, densely crowded. spikelets, straw-

cme red or fusco ikelets + in. =; in., not compressed,

mewhat baie i wre (usually hs 4) nutted ; : rhachilla with broad

scarious persistent wings, disarticulating below the lowest fertile

flower, usually falling with the glumes and nuts; glumes ovate,

hardly acute, not keeled, strongly 13-15-ribbed over nearly their

whole breadth; stamens 3-2; anthers oblong, not crested; nut

about 4 the length of the glume, trigonous, oblong-obovoid, dusky

hake. style shotise than the nut; branches 3. linear, longish.

C. B. Clarke in Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 620. M. Kraussii, Hochst.

in Flora, 1845, 756. M. kyllingiaformis, Boeck. in Flora, 1859,

, +96. Ciiperus le Rottl. in Neue Schr. Gesell. Nat. Freunde

Berlin, i iv. 1803, 193; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 336 partly; C. B.

Clarke in Journ. Lian Soc xxi. 197, not of Rottb. CU. kyllin-

geoides, Vahl, Enum. ii. 312; Kunth, Enum. ii. 94. Schawnus

coloratus, var. Bs Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 64. S. niveus, Linn. Syst

Veget. ed. xii

R. 8, Buchanani i. B. Cl: rege in sects and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

.. 887) 5 & spikelets elongated up to 4 the flowers not being more aan

sak more distant on the rhachilla.

Katavarit Recion: Transvaal; acy sage ees 5637 !

EastkRN Reeion: Transkei; Bashee River, 1000 ft., Drége / Tembuland ;

between the Bashee River and Morley, 1000-2000 Fes Apis ’ Poxsdoland,

Bachmann, 99! 100! 101! Natal; Unolaas Be ver 6! Durban Flat,

Buchanan, 31! Clairmont, Kuntze, 33271 25971 ae Heat precise loca ality,

Buchanan, 82! Gerrard, 460! Grant! Deland oa Bay, Junod, 151! 233 partly !

Var. 8, Natal; Durban Flat, Buchanan!

Also in Tropical Africa, the Masearene Islands, and Tropical India to

orneo,

The var. B oe much M. macrocarpus below ; out ae the spikelets les ess

green and: much more densely crowded ; it looks very differ t from the ordinary

torm of M. pane but a similar state occurs in Madra

eg 5. M. vestitus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. 595); glabrous, stolons 0 ; stem 6-14 in. long, "rather slender,

trigonous at the top, smooth, much thickened at the base by the

inflated coloured leaf-sheaths ; leaves aera! as long as the stem

es in. broad, weak ; umbel simple; rays 2~7, 3-1} in. lon ng; brae ts

3-5, similar to the Toaves, lowest vii in. long; spikelets closely

spicate, 7-20 in a spike, + by +4, in., 6-10-flowered, scarcely com-

pressed ; glumes ovate, strongly 1S-nerved, reddish, with an eX-

nearly half as long as the glume, peer ellipsoid, black ; style

shorter than the n nut, branches 3 linear, longish. Cy 'yperus vestitus,

foe. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 75D. C. usitatus, Boeck. ™

Linnea, xxxv. 511 partly; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soe.

xxi. 176, not of Burchell.

Eastern Reaion: Natal; margin of woods around Durban Bay, Krauss, 287!

Mariseus.| CYPERACE (Clarke). 189

Durban Flat, Wood, er A ! Umbilo River, Rehmann, 8443! and without precise

fecality. Ger rard, 701

Also in South-east Tropical Africa.

6. M. sieberianus (Nees in Linnwa, ix. 286) ; glabrous ; rhizome

very short, of woody nodules or often hardly any; stem 1-2 ft.

long, not stout, Fateh ate at the top, smooth, not conspicuously

thickened at the base by inflated leaf-sheaths; leaves nearly as -

as the stem, 1-1 in. broad, green; umbel simple ; rays 5-12, up to

1-4 in. long, or fewer or very short; bracts 5-10, similar e the

ae a _longer than the umbel; spikes solitary, 41-1

cee. nel red, linear- lanceolate, bearing 1 or 2 nuts; thachilla

separating below thé lowest fortile clume ; ; glume 1 (lowest) small,

triangular, with a longish seta (like a bract); glume 2 shorter than

subquadrate ; clume 3 twice as long as 2, nut-bearing, ovate, ;

obtuse, strongly 7 “41 -nerved ; stamens 3-2; anthers linear-oblong,

not crested ; nut : 2-8 the length of the glume, trigonous, linear-

het finally nearly black ; style + as long as the nut, branches

3 linear, longish. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Tul. vi. 622.

A deltaic, Vahl, Enum. ii. 376 partly ; Kunth, re ii. pe

almost wholly. Scirpus eyperoides, Linn. Mant. 381. Cyper

phiiinenn y8, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi, 383.

VaR. B, e volutior (C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 622); spikelets

ripening 2-4 nuts, linear

sala — without locality, Harvey, age

Hasrernx ‘Rectow : Tembuland ; ; bee. the “1g River and Morley, 1000-

“000 ft., Dr Natal; Co

eae Rehmann, 82 bis ! Howie ‘+k, 1000 ft., abe "O15! and without precise

ocality, Buchanan, 1541 3 333! Schlechter, 6349! Var. 8, Tewbuland

pore 2000 ft., Baur, 445! Griqualand East; near Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tyson,

—

Found in all tropical and warm countries; not in Europe, rare in America.

This species is ab d t] hout the Old World and Oceania ; oo Mr.

Bentham sip sia espe rep ants es following here enumerated a mere

Ko i . um rms

‘ issued

with EO iene usually without numbers or locality, it is impossible ooo

Beg case to say where Drege’s example of MM. vheauis Nees type, ¢

7. M. nossibeensis (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 63); resembling

ee steberianus, rie larger in all ty parts; stem stouter ; ie

numerous, up to . long ; spikes 14 by 4 in., very dense ; spikelets

oblong; nut ellipeeid, much thicker than i in ML. sieberianus, Nees.

KcaSTERN Reaion : Nutal, Drege, 4425! No South African specimen at

Also in Tropical Africa aud Madagascar.

190 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Mariscus.

vag 8. M. umbellatus (Vahl, Enum. ii. 376 partly); resembling ~

a. sieberianus, but spikelets very small, numerous; spikes usually L

1-1 the length of the rays, with the innumerable spikelets recent:

stellately spreading, so that the apa are — deflexed. Kylling a

umbellata, Rotth. Deser. et Ic. 15, t. 4, fig. 2, excluding some syn. :

Linn. f. Suppl. 105. Cyperus ovularis, Boeck, in Linnea, xxxv 1.

376, form a partly. C. umbellatus, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.

Soe. xxi. 200, form a partly; Boeck. in Engl. Jahrb. v

Eastern Reaqion: Natal; around Durban Bay, Drege, 4449!

Abundant in Tropical Africa and the Mascarene Islands!

Pi form apse by Rotthb — is abundant in Tropical Africa, but has not

yet been seen India. Rottboell aa EN ‘his aaa to India, put his cha-

‘eitoriitis an ay have nin ke 1 from an ah ica weg ant. "Whether the

typical Bite Sees “‘umbellata’’ be extetued a spec r., I entirely dissent

trom eler’s plan of uniting it with the Auwerican OI un is, which I regard

as weil di distinct from any Old World Mavis

9. M. radiatus (Hochst. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 757) ; resembling

M. sieberianus, but spikelets cas Mae ‘conspicuously Fogenees

Cyperus Krausii, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 379.

ib gs a Pelee fare Harvey, 88! Bow

Ras Ree wlaas River, Kr ass fete and without precise

docality, Trchawae ? Dek eck Bay, ex od, 239! Kur 2, 216!

In the type ase aed Le ee “pile Krauss 35, the r sb are Resa but they are

sometimes long and occasionally very long. The s spikelets are 2—1-flowered, but

geuerally mature 1 ies bey are a hiak when young, white. mien ripe.

10. M. macer (Kunth, Enum. ii. 121); resembling M. siebertanus,

but spikelets oblong-obovoid, conspicuously trigonous, always

Le. that t

glume) rudimentary, not easily to be distinguished from the giume-

~ rhachilla, C. eg eytindrostachy ys, Boeck. in Linn@a, xxxXvi- 383

rely.

Katanart Region: Orange Free State ; sprees 153 partly !

EasteRN ReGion: Natal, Buchanan, 108 part

Also in the mountains of Tropical Africa at a ft.

Spikes long, being boner oe in all the examples ; but this species does

not really differ from M. radiat ge by the po hire of the tae flower.

There is a “ represvatalave” anti the M. s group abundant in

‘Tropical A viz. M. flavus, Vahl, ee sek 5 all authors, ine! uding

—— can no character except the lowest glume I., which is ene

(like aceous ye ract) in ere American group. M. macer appears ni

<ecaminies like MM. flavus, Vahl.

11. M. macrocarpus (Kunth, Enum. ii. 120) ; resembling

UM, vieberianus, bat spikelets maturing 2-3 broad- oblong » uts.

C. macrocarpus, oeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 880.. OC; asta Ridley im

Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 144,

Eastern Recion: Natal; between the Umtentu River and Umsameulo 3

ea. Drege, 4421! Buchanan, 153 partly! f

Frequent in South Tropical Africa.

Mariscus. | CYPERACES (Clarke). 191

This form (as the two preceding) cae from M, sieberianus by the much

broader nuts, giving the ripe sp ae a nisin srt triangular section.

ea L ine]

+ macro Maly Es ° M flav Vv Ben

— var, has 2-3 sere pR o the eee differing only by the less bract-like

St it is less surprising that Ridley unites them than that Bentham

well the

12. M. luzuliformis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

spect. Fl. Afr, v. 589); glabrous; rhizome 0; stem 10in. long, tri-

s0nous, smooth at the top; leaves overtopping the stem, 3 in. broa

bracts 6-7, similar to the lea aves, several of the lower 6 in. long;

umbel 12 in, diam., of numerous spikelets, simple; rays many, hardly

+ in, long ; spikes of 8-12 spikelets spicately arranged, diverging at

‘ight angles ; spikelets } by ~,in., maturing 3-5 nuts, nearly terete,

greenish. white ; thachilla winged, deciditotis below the lowest fertile

glume ; glumes rounded on the back, conspicuously 9—13-striate ;

Enum. ii. 85. CL 1 luzulifor mis, Baek: in Lernes, XXXVi.

Souta Arrica: wit e out locality, Harvey, 89!

Kastern Region: Trans kei , Bushee River, Drége, 4424!

The Ton «ae with 5-7 lo wers (3-5 nuts) would appear to distinguish this

hte shin othe Eu-Marisci, but the plant is so like M. radiatus A (Kra uss 35),

cept as to inet of flowers, that its distinctness may be dou

13. M. deciduus (C. B. Clarke) ; glabrous, slender ; rhizome (seen)

very short, horizontal, woody, sle nder r; stem 12-18 in. long, very

slender, s mooth ; leaves about 1 the length of the ater: ‘hardly 2 Lin.

broad; umbel of 3— —5, slender, unequal rays, each terminated by very

small condensed cor ymb of spikelets; bracts 3, similar to the leaves,

lowest shorter than the umbel; spikelets 5 in. long, very green,

2-4-flowe red, early caducous above the 2 empty basal elumes ;

glumes bavadl-oblons eats, ee on the back, not nervose ;

thachilla wingless ; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, slightly apicu-

late ; style as long. as ‘the Fon ovary, branches 3, linear, long.

Cyperus Patri ‘Boeck sa Flora, 1879, 547; C. B. Clarke in

wand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 555.

Katanant Rucion : Transv: yaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5642 !

Also in Dammara-land.

at fag : vag has 3 linear branches, ttn must = ie ni 1s. ee the

Rtrinis oe plant in putting it with Pycreus. crag the ae ae th sgt iat mi

its viel : 8, small leaves and bracth mr whole habit, indica

Place here e among t the Eu- no

vs 14. M. 2 ako (C. B. Clarke); glabrous, medium- to large-

nes thizome short, horizontal, woody (no stolons seen except

i t. B) ; stem 9-24 in. long, triquetrous at the top, smooth, throw-

mat short Inoral shoots at the “base ; leaves often as long as the stem,

t Sually open simple (cf. varr. ); rays 2-7, up to 4-6 in. long;

? overtopping the need similar to the leaves ; spike (at the

192 CYPERACEX (Clarke). { Mariscus.

end of a ray) of many spikelets, usually compound, more or less

corymbose, dense, with very small or no bract ; spikelets spicate, $ by

wings oblong , hyaline, persistent ; glumes rather distant, elliptic-

oblong, obtuse, searcely keeled, 7-9-striate on the back, green or pale,

sides red; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, not cre ested s nut 2 the

length of "the glume, oblong-ellipsoid, obtuse, ie tras neuly black;

style slender, rather shorter than the nut, branches 3 as long as the

style. Cyperus congestus, Vahl, Enum. ii. 358; Schrad. Anal. Fl.

(p Nees in Linnea, Wit. O18 + x. 136 (excl. var ee be h,

Enum. ii. 87 ; a in Linnea, xxxvi. 347; C. ke in

Journ. "Linn. Soc 182; not of Potret. C. sat po in

Flora, 1829, 153; ae of Desfont.

Var. B, asia (C. B. Clarke) ; larger, brighter ; nee Se re

primary rays up to 6 in. long; spikelets up to 1 in. long, 20-nutted, bright b

red with Fallows ket ; a yellow gland beneath th two ost 6 esto glume

each spikelet. Cyperus congestus, var. glanduliferus, C. B. Clarke in Durate

and Sehins Conspect, . Afr. v, 55

Van. 7, brevis (C. B. Clarke) 5 stem robust, short or long; bulbous, woody

the base, with stolon 4 in. long a ] nearly condensed it 4 compound sete

spikelets very numerous, ore 4 vellow-brown. Saale congests var. brevis,

GR: -— in Durand and Schinz, Diidvpe ect. U, congestus,

var. a, Nees in Linnea, x. 137. C. brevis, Boeck. in tou, xxxvi. dhl.

Soutn Ar SRIOR : withont eng Dréye, 4422! a and Zeyher, 2% 24!

abitlag 168! Krels, 13! Har 368! ey, 102 se River, $500 ft it.,

Kuntze, 272! va y, Ecklon. iat Gales

Coast Re@ion: Cape Div.; Cape Town, Bebonann, gi Table — in,

Lad Drege.

Queenstown 5 Ba ! 850! A

Grahamstown, 2009 fr., MacOwan, 496! Var. %, Siteahage Div.; ZAwartko

504 ! or

ENTRAL RKecion: Graaff Reinet, MacOwan, ois: bert Div. ; Cooper. r, 656!

age 9 neg . ig ance West, Ongeluk, cle eee Orange Free

jer Buchanan Transvaal; Pretoria, Kuntze, ! nn, 4037!

- t774i Houtbosch, bein: 3655 | ! and witheas precise locality, peace in Herb.

ules, 814!

HAs — Bago Pondoland; between the Umtentu River and Umzimkulu

River, Bachmann, 90!" = tal; Coast-land, 0-5000 ft., Sutherland !

Moblamba Fa 5000-6000 ft., Sat. erland ! Mooi River Statior , Kuntze, 24 et

Howick, 1000 ft., Junod, a ! ee without a locality, Backuaae, 326!

Beblechiov, 6351! "Var r. B, Natal, Buchanan, 315

Also in St. Helena, wel kias itégian, ae Australia.

This species, though pues allied to the twelve cared joe is, as to

technical

diaguosis, poorly separated from the genus Cyperus ; the rhachilla of the spikelet

pei i ies

an m ena

species has been for r nearly a century coltivaded in Kurope. There are so many

end,

pare ee sent from the Mediterranea o peel, capecially its eastern arkey

digenous ples (marked as

Asia Minor, that it would appear in

‘thd testes Tris, Geneva Lake, Coimbra, may probably be escapes.

elas of seg Sena peice By Sir J. D. Hooxer, G.CS. s

F.R.S.. rious ee Complete in 7 vols,

oe ” Dabiisted ae eye the mag th tend of the Secretary of State for India 1

Council.

*,* Persons having incomplete sets are advised to complete them without delay,

a Parts will be kept on sale for a limited time only. No Part or r Volume

be sold without its continuation to the end of the work.

FLORA CAPENSIS: a Systematic Description of the Plants of

the Cape Colony, Caffraria, and Port Natal. By Wititam H. Harvey,

BS., Shang of Bo i E

by W. om Sceaseeee F.R.S. Vol. VI. 24s. net. Vol. VII., Part

7s, 6d, n

various

Biited by OW. one tina Deus FRS. Vol. vit, Part 1, ‘Ss ri

Published under the authority of the First Commissioner of Her Maje

Works.

FLORA omnes again . Easiest gage of a Eane «

ustralian Eimicie By G L.S.,

Meneut Co see agers in Te vole “ei PA e Dubliahed ‘hides eer

of the several Gous ments 0

FLORA of ea and the. jardeb cca

tion of the Flowering f those Islands. By J. @.

F.L.8. Complete gs oy povlgg Pub blished under the authority

‘ol Go nt of Mauritius

Hooxer, F.R.S. 42s. Published under the auspices of the Go

Solony.

FLORA of hea BRITISH WEST INDIAN ISLANDS.

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: FLORA A HONGKONGENSIS: a Description of the Flow

e Islan Hongkong.

Price 7s. 6d. net. a ao

LORA CAPENSIS

BEING A

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS

CAPE COLONY, CARFRARIA, AND PORT NATAL

(AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES) i

By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

EDITED BY .

W. T. THISELTON-DYER, C.MG., O.LE.

——s

LL.D., F.R.S.

DIRECTOR, ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

Mariseus.] CYPERACEX (Clarke). 193

15, M. umbilensis (C. B. Clarke ex W. Watson in Gard. Chron.

1891, x. 190); glabrous, robust; stem 2-3 ft. long, fe asta at

the top, often seabrous ; leaves 2 the length of the stem, 1-1 in. broad,

transversely lineolate, somewhat spongy ; midrib often scabrous

liam. ; bracts 4—8, up to

disarticulating below the lowest fertile flower ; wings ‘broad, scarious ;

stamens 3 ; nut 2—} the length of the glume, oblong or ellipsoid,

trigonous, black; style much ‘shorter than nut, branches 3 linear, long.

M. Bolusi, C. B. Clarke in Durand and Selina, Conspect. HL AICY,

585. OC) yperus umbilensis, Boeck. ea Watson in Gard. Chron. 1891,

x. 190. Bolusi, ie ok. ex OC. B. Clarke in ra and Rohini

Conspect, Fl. Afr. v. 585.

Sourn Arrica ; without locality, Harvey, 90!

CENTRAL ReGion: Somerset Div ; Bosch Berg, sg Fis Ma: Owan, 495b!

spor REGION ; Sistas Free State , Buchanan, 141

TERN REGION: Pondoland, Bachmann, 107! Natal, Buchanan, 334 !

Ricks: 298!

Also 1 ™m Hereroland.

i 4 16. M. riparius Aare, in Goett. Gel. Anz. iii. 1821, 2067) ;

glabrous, r obust ; 11-3 ft. long, } in. in a , obtusely tri-

eooans, smooth ; leaves often as long as the seabian | by x in. broad,

Sptaden, suberect even in bat not much compressed ; rhachilla

tating alow the lowest ae glume, wings elliptic ;

Thunbergit, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap.

= Nees in Linnea, viii. 79. gets Thunbergii, Vahl, Enum. ii.

X11; Nees Linnea, vii. 520 in Obs. ; x. 137, excl. several syn. ;

Kunth, mum. ii. 76; Bo = in poe xxxvi. 330.

C4 a. 8, robustior (C. B. Clarke in scape and weg Conspect. Fl. Afr. v.

); larger in all its parts ; ahs often 1} by 4 in., very dense, i

AR. y, trisumbel foes us (C, B. Clarke in eee d and Schins Conspect. Fl. Afr.

F fin. | large ; gia _ of umbel up to 8 in. long; sec pee Ae fy

: n. long, conspicuously de ed (even when young) ; tertiary rays up t L

His oltpeoiccgnee Thunb. Prod. 18, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. fo

8, Gili li (C. B. Ch: ve hinz, Conspect. FI. Afr. v. 592) ;

sem ad umbel oo very thick ee oe sain cted; the innumerable spikelets

tnd spikeg densely confluent ; young sp seen ans 2 in. long, -flowered,

eee y. Anica’ Ys B, Debeat Bergius, 165! Thom, 909 ! Ecklon and Zeyher,

BY Vary Thon

CAST thea: set 6 bury Div. ; Laauws Kloof, near Groene Kloof, 1000 ft.,

Prige! Cape Div.; near Cape Towa, Burchell, 282! Paarl Div.; Berg River,

VOL. Vit.

194 CYPERACES (Clarke). { Mariscus.

Drége! Tulbagh Div. ; near aby Burchett, 1027! Uitenhage Div.; Zwa

ops River, Pappe! Var. B, Cape Div. Table Mountain, Ecklon, 10 5! prima

215! Simons Bay, MacGillivray, 409! “Ohana Div.; Ecklon and Zeyher,

between polis Por

A Di : : ]

Mosse 1 Ba ay Div Geat Vals River. Burchell, 6530! Bathurst Div.; near Port

Alfred, Burchell, 3992! Var. 8, Swellendam Div.; Buffeljagts River, @il/!

17. M. elatior (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspeet. Fl.

Afr. v. 587); stem triquetrous at the top; spikes large, dense, com-

pound ; spikelets spreading, lower deflexed ; glumes distant, micro-

scopically mucronate; otherwise as M. riparius. » Cyperus elatior,

. " 2

Linnea, XXxXvi. C. solidus, a elatior, rhe hy

sey i ngestus, var. Nees in Linnea, x. 137, but

not C, ‘multiceps, Link (according to site ¥.

Soutu AFrRica: without locality, R. Bro

Coast Region: Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountai ins, 2000-3000 ft., Drége, 4410!

EastERN ReGion: fat Durban Flat, Buchanan, rot and ied precise

locality, Buchanan, 69! 1

18. M. involutus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con

Fl. Afr, v. 589); glabrous; rhizome (seen) 2 in. ong ontal,

igonous at the ee Ste

4 the length of the stem, 11 in. broad, transversely lineolate, in

dried examples involute into a tube, many-striate, without keel;

of close spikes at the apex of each; spikelets 1 by 4 in., com-

pressed, hard, dull chestnut-red, maturing about 10 nuts; glume

sir obtuse, many-striate ; keel obscure, paler, hardly excurrent ;

8 the length of the glume, trigonous, narrow-oblong ; style not

re ie len ngt ” of the nut, branches 3 linear, shortly exserted from

the glume.

Pha st Region: Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens River, Ecklon and Zeyher;

oo 2084! King Williamstown Div.; Toise River Station, 3500 ft.,

Kin 276

ae longer spikelets, often maturing nuts, separate this from the

reas species ; the inflorescence, though Pt ere: does not in essence

19. M. Grantii.(C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. 588) ; spikes } in. in diam., ovoid, dense, ferruginous brown.

peduneled in a compound umbel; spikelets spreading, lower de-

flexed ; otherwise as M. riparius, Schrad. var. y trisumbellata.

Eastern ReGion: Natal, Grant ! Cooper, 3332!

Flowered in Kew meas May, 1890.

This might be arranged as a var. ne

deflexed Pome give ita ‘a different pl = riparia, alow ae:

20. M. Owani (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Gonanentd Fi.

Afr. v. 590) ; umbel once-eompound or imperfectly twice-compoun nd ; ’

spikes loose ; spikelets spreading or deflexed; otherwise as

riparius and M. Grantii. Cyperus ligularis, Thunb. Prod. 18; Fi

Mariseus. | CYPERACEH (Clarke), 195

Cap. ed. Schult. 100; not of Linn. C. dact by bic Boeck. in

Linnea, xxxvi. 329 pa iy. ¢, tabularis, 6 r, Nees Pl

Linnea, x. 137, according to Boeck. C. ant, Dish. in h

Schinz ex Clarke in a and Schinz, eee Fl. Afr. v. 590,

scarcely in Flora, 1878,

‘ , "I !

nie AFRICA: without cere Drége, 4411! Ecklon and Zeyher, 131!

Thunber ey

Co pig Ruaion: Albany Div.; near hi River, MacOwan, 669 partly !

Komgha Diy. - 3 sn Kom a Flanagan

Eastern Rea : Nata 1; near rei fg 800 ft., Wood, 4004!

Also in heraata ith

é ML riparius wi

oO preading spikelets look very unlike the heads of

crowded suberect mene Eps but here, again, I can find no ey Boor. in nBlova,

i style, or a i ‘trustworthy character. C. Ow oerk ’

: ee aaa compo a rays 8-12 uy to 8 in. in,

long ; ee dense, mostly short-peduncled ; spikelets 2 en ong,

maturing often 10 nuts - ; otherwise as WW. tab pee, bei yperus

dactyliformis, Boeck, in Linnea, xxxvi, 329 par

Coasr Ree : Uitenhage Div.; by the Spat poe Burchell, 4431!

“ale 18 nt Kong i me a oe te 4098! Buchanan, 130! and

Without tee Toshi, Gueinzius

The umbel of this species much resonable large umbels of M. congestus ; ie te

M. Gueinzii (aud the preceding species) have spongy leaves with tran

Tetionlationepemors from those of M. congestus.

M. clephantinus (C. B. Clarke); glabrous; stem } in, in

22. M

"se at the top, obtusely trigonous, smooth ; umbel 41 ft. in diam, ;

brace 8-10, exceeding the umbel, 2 in. * broad, thick, spongy,

tan _ Tineolnte satciseuba ts “dltimate ombels 9-4 in, oar

with bra to 2 in. long ; spikelets innumerable, rather a y

Spicate, ri a , 6-10-nutted, pale brown ; thachilla disartict

luting below the banat fertile glume, wing conspicuous, per-

i . led ;

Sistent, yellowish’; clumes ovate, obtuse, striate, obscurely kee

t 2 the length a the olume, oblong.ellipsoid, SS ;

style shorter than the nut, branches 3 linear, longis : ae

lephantinus, C. B. Clarke in Durand anid Schinz, Conspect.

Vv. 559,

Eastern Regton : Natal, Buchanan, 113! 320! - eis

Ta ged this plant Cyperus in Durand and Schinz, looking at the

ube with bracts t : ake potas umbels ; ae overlooking the disarticulating

*pikelets, The qin Didone the nuts and s styles) 1 find now similar to those

Of Marisens (Sect. Thunbergiant).

7,28. ag tabularis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, ae

Pl. Afr. y, 594); glabrous, robust, stoloniferous; stems 8-2 po

long ; leaves 2 the length of the stems, 3 in. broa d, flat hea ry,

, without transverse —— closely striate lengthwise ;

196 cyperacez (Clarke). [Mariscus.

umbel simple or nearly so, 2—5 in. in eer bracts 4—5, up to 10 in.

long, similar to the leaves ; spikes AS . long, g obose or ovoid,

dense, dark-red; spikelets + by ~, in., somewhat compressed,

maturing 4-7 nuts; rhachilla disarticulating below the lowest

fertile glume ; glumes ovate, very obtuse, 13- “15-striate ; ; nut 2 the

length of the glume, oblong-obovoid, trigonous; style shorter than the

nut, branches 8 linear, longish. Cyperus tabularis, Schrad, Anal.

Fl. Cap. 10; en in Linnea, x. 137, excluding var. A: Ku nth,

Enum. ii. 107 ; eck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 324, C. solidus, Drege,

Pflanzengeogr. eee 177 (at Teast c). C. Ecklonii, Boeck. in

Linnea, xxxvi. 325

Var. 8, Zeyheri (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, rag i Fl. Afr. v. 594) ;

slenderer ; He of ara eral - in. long; spikes more elongated, fin “dense.

milis, Nees ex C

Var. y, humilis (C. B. eco in : Darand and Schinz, serge Fl. ) v. 594) ;

stems 13-2} in. long, stout; leaves far overtoppin humilis,

eyher ex Kunth, Enum. ii. 107. ‘ner rus i oe Ae va 8, h, Enwm.

Hoh OC, solidus, var. pa! aca Kunth, Enum, ii. 76. Ue saree Boeck.

in Linnza, xxxvi. 325

SoutH AFRICA: cea eats, pala 4401! 4402 ! MacOwan, 669 partly !

Retlon. and ess he 23! 76! Var. B j

OA GIO ape Divs Table oe ntain, Hesse. Uitenhage Div.

Zw thoys pares Bellon 18! ” Zeyher / Bathurst Div. ; Port Alfred, “Hutton:

Al Div

ree "Div. ; near geet River Station ft., Kuntze, 280! Catheart Div.;

near Cathcart, 4500 Kuntze, 263! Var. y, Albany Div. ; on the Flats near

gg eae 2000 ft., Drége, 3952

AL REGION: vrei Div. ; I the Spring of Commada nga;

Burchell 3352 !

24. M. durus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fi.

Afr. v. 587); glabrous, stoloniferous ; statis 11-22 ft. long, obtusely

trigonous at the top, smooth; leaves % the length ‘of the stem,

ard, semicircular-backed, concave- fared: (even close to the base),

scarcely + in. broad ; umbel simple, 1-3 in. in diam., of 3-8 very

une rays; bracts 3-5, up to 6-10 in. long, similar to the leaves ;

spikes very dense, compound, }—3 in, in diam., dark-red ; spikelets

maturing 4—5 nuts, similar to those of M. tabularis. Cyperus durus,

Kunth, Buc. ii. 76 : oeck, in sd XXXVi. a

South AFRIcA: without locality, petiegh eyher

Coast ae ion: Knysna Div.; gte Valle, ett 500 ft., Drege, 3951!

Uitenhage Div., Zeyher ! és ‘Albany bi abies the source of the Kasuga River

and Sidbury, "Darchoth 4169!

Also in Angola.

nr ses? ese B. Cle rke in ee and Schinz

re leaf-sheaths ; leaves neni as long as the stem, + in. broa

nt ; rays of umbe , up to 1} in. long, each bearing L ebracteate

spike; bracts 3-5, vothies longer than the umbel, similar to (but

aes stouter than) the leaves; spikes 2 in. in diam., dense ; spike

lets 3 in. ae nearly terete, 8-d-nutted, whitish, with red ‘marks 5

SRE ha VE

Mariscus.] cyppraces (Clarke). 197

thachilla flexuose, disarticulating below the lowest fertile flower,

Wings elliptic, persistent, finally holding a nut; fertile glumes

elliptic, acuminate, round-backed, 13- stri e; margin $ scarious,

decurrent on the tiundbilla- wines upper aieids infertile, distant,

with long, acuminate, recurved points ; ; stamens 3; nut i the length

of the glume, trigonous, oblong-ellipsoid, slightly curved ; fle

z as long as the bran ches. 3 linear, longish. Cy ylindrolepis,

Boeck. in ‘Bot. onal xxxix. 73.

Katanart Rearon: Tran svaal ; on near the Pinaars pub Nelson,

13*! Pretoria, a ce 4179! and es das precise locality, Holwb

arerpees found the margins of each glume united i a ylides “ghana

the nut, ae established his genus eee on bake character. I find t

margins the glumes decurrent on the wings of the rhachilla, poe are veloc

wrapped eee and hold fast the ripe nut, as is tte case very ¢

Mariscus, where the scatteri ing of the nuts is ’ provided for by the slanrticulseion

of the rhachilla itself,

8. M. Cooperi (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Comer

Fl. Afr. vy, 586); stem 82 in. long, rather stout; leaves long, { in.

wide, flat, not flaccid ; rays of umbel up to 5 in. long, with e

c. spikes at the end of each ray, supported by eh bracts up to

1; in. long; rhachilla of spikelet straight; fertile glumes slightly

an inate - upper sterile oe ecantinate into recurved points ;

otherwise as M. rehmannianu :

Eastern Recion: Natal, aes 3333 !

. e oe ure of the spikelets, with the se Os te ae reciigi

in ikele 1

that I fee] Uta ses Ire oe ; of Cont er’s (3333), which is witht

the base of stem so character istic in M. rehmannianus, may not be m the

are, itech over-ripe state of that species.

— ;

VI. ELEOCHARIS, R. Br.

Spikelet of many stings imbricate glumes ; lowest 1 or 2 empty,

Shorter than the spikelet, many suecee ding glumes 2 2-sexual perfecting

Nuts, uppermost male orste rile.. Stamens 3or2, anterior. Style glabrous;

base much thickened, distinguishable from apex of nut, but a ‘

ranches 8-2. Wut ¢ triangular, or flat (dorsally compresse

Glabrous 3; stem with one as is csies (not rarely tie at the _—

leaves 0; u shortl one side ;

permost sheath or very shortly proc ~

pogynous on bristles sa sally ‘Gi the enews species always) present, 7-3

0 humber enting the sepals, petals and posticous stamens.

TRIB, Speci 115, scattered over nearly the Bi world; prevalent (80

mi in Am

a : — “ghiapereet g (Nees). Stem stout. Spike let hardly

wider than the Glumes subrigid :

Stem tigations at the top. Spikelet pale w. (1) fistulosa.

Sect. IT. ELRoGENus oer Soikolet wider than the stem.

Glumes sedesaa le ‘ =e

Stem terete atthe Re " Spikelet brown or chestnut ..- (2) palustris,

198 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Eleocharis.

Sect. III. Eu-Exeocnaris. Spkelet wider than the stem.

Glumes membranous. Style 8-fid :

Stem terete at the top. Spikelet brown “ie .. (3) limosa.

. E. fistulosa (Link, Jahrb. iii. 78 Obs.); es RE stem 1-3 ft.

acutely triquetrous at the top; spikelet nearly 1 1 in.,

hs lar teil broader than the stem, pale-coloured ; glumes oe obtuse,

without keel, with numerous fine lines on the back ; bristles 6 (1.¢

3 sepals, 3 petals), as long as the nut, linear, retrorse- scabrous, rusty-

red ; style 3-fid, or Sathetines according to authors 2-fid; nut } as

long-as the clume, obovoid, trigonous with the anticous ae flattened,

longitutinaly striate euniiie: e (i.e. the external cells are arranged

4-30 vertical series) ; style-base scarcely + the joel of the nut,

ae C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Tnd. vi. 626. cirpus

fistulosus, Putret in Lam. Encyc. vi. 749. Heleocharis fistulosa,

ee: in Linnwa, xxxvi. 472

Ast ReerIon: os Div.; Kei River, Flanagan, 982! No South

dice specimen at Ke

Also in Tropica ine Asia and Austral

Boeckeler unites with this species EZ. mutata, R.Br., abundant in Tropical

America; and which aoe differs very slightly. If this view be taken the

distribution area is wi

2. E. palustris (R. Br. Prod. 224 in note); stems 4-20 in. long,

on a creeping rhizome, usually distant, terete; spikelet 1-3 by

chestnut, with scarious margins; bristles 6 or often fewer, as long

as the nut; style-branches 2, longish ; nut small, obovoid, dorsally

B. Clarke in Journ. Bot, 1887, 267, and in Hook. f. Ft.

Brit. Ind. vi. 628. KE. limosa a (not b, c) Drege, Pflanzengeog”.

Documente 181. E. dregeana, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 78. Seirp

palustris, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed.2, 70 partly. Heleocharis palustris,

Lindl. Syn. Brit. Fl. 280; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 466 partly, te.

excluding all examples with 3- cet style, Limnoehloa capensis, Nees

in Linnea, x. 185; not of Krau

Sourn Arrica: ——— oe ie 4376! Verreaux

Coast rake Komgha -3 between Zandplaat oe Komgha, 2090-

the length of the nut. Nees in Linnea, vii. 509 ; Kunth. Enum.

ii. 147

CENTRAL eek Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, 3000 ft., MacOwan, 1741:

Burchell, 3046 ! Richmond Div. ; vieinity of Sty i era — r Richmond, 4009-

5000 ft., Drege! aon North Div. n, 1

Katanari REG : Griqualand West ; redid Or ach, 0a!

Distributed mates the World except Australia; rare in tropical regions.

7 3. E. ogy (Schultes in Roem. et Gace Syst. ii. Mant. 87) ;

stems 1-2 ft. long, clustered ona short woody rhizome, terete;

spikelet 1-1 by {—} in., cylindrie or aa long-conic, dense 5

glumes obtuse, without keel, brown with scarious margins ; bristles

6-5 (ie. 3 sepals, 3-2 petals), linear, retrorsely seabrous, brown, 2

tiny See Bae eek go Deer Y ee

Eleocharis. ] - CYPERACE® (Clarke). 199

long as the nut with style-base ; wages branches 3, longish; nut small,

obovoid, he brown, smooth ; style-base oblong- “obovoid, 2 the

length o he nut. Kunth, Pum. it. 148; Drege b,c (not a) in.

Drege, Pflanzen, geogr. Documente 47. EF. capensis, Nees ex Boeck. -

Linnea, xxxvi. 467. Scirpus apes Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 29, t. 2

tig. 1. Limnochloa limosa, Nees in Linnea, x. 185, L. alee

Krauss in Flora 1845, 759, not af Nees. Limnocharis oe ‘8a, Kunth,

Enum. ii. 148, in ettat. Heleocharis palustris, Boeck. 1 Linnea,

Pets 466 partly (i.e. the aus tean gy with 3-fid style), not of

South Arrica: withont locality, Dréze, 3940 ! Pa vad Verreaua ! Pappe!

Boivin | , Gueinzius, 21la! Ecklon and Zeyher , 31! 32

Sarr ie Wks

Coast Recion: Malme sbury seared 2st ! Cape Div.; Cape Tow

Hesse, Soraliendinin Div. - ee along alow mr’ the Zonder Kinde

River, Zeyher, 4423b! Riversdale Div v5 oy "Ge Zoetenelks — Burchell,

6807 ; Ulteabsie Div. ; Zwartkops River, below 500 ft., Zeyher, 4423! Drege,

Ecklon and Zeyher, 438! Alexandria Div. ; Enon, ‘ase 500 ft, Dr sage ” Bates t

Div. ; = Port Altred, Burehell, 3802! som gha Div., Flanag gan, 903! Cath-

BI 000 ft., Sale

Cesta ReEGionN: Richmond Div. ;- Win i er * Veld, Drége, 826 !

Kast ean Reeron: Natal; Dias River, Krauss, 8u! Durban Flat,

Dwhenes, 128! age el

a in Madagascar,

closely allied to the Serge E. marginulata, Steud.

elet,

as? It varies much

in rl an or stem and of spik

VIT. FIMBRISTYLIS, Vahl.

Spikelet of many ees spirally imbricate, or (in #'. monostachya)

siti distichous, lo nals 1 or 2 empty, many or r several succeeding glumes

2-sexual perfecting nuts, be ee male or sterile. Hypogynous

bristles 0. Stamens 3-2 , anterior. Style often more or less hairy,

deciduous with ie hatin or little enlarged base ; branches 3 or 2.

Nut tri iangular, or flat, dorsally compressed. \

Stolons 0; leaves all near the base of the stem; inflorescence a terminal

ube, snipe or eianeecie or a single pee spikelet.

RIB. Species 130, distributed over the tropical and warm -temperate parts

“ the World, especially abundant in the tropics of 8.E. Asia and of Australia.

This genus — from Scirpus (Sect. Isolepis, R. Br.) oaly by the style ~~

articulated at the ase, the transverse line separatiag it from the apex of the

bein g visible even in aye young stage.

Sect. I. Dicuetosryzis, Benth. prea fertile glumes spirally imbricate.

Umbet compound or simple. Style 2-fid.

Nut smooth. Long hairs — from the pecried

base

Nut ribbed! Spikelets with many angles

Nut ribbed. Spikelets very smoothly rounded...

Nut smooth. Cans puberulous on the back —... (4) ferruginea.

200 CYPERACER (Clarke). [Fimbristylis.

Sect. IJ. TricurnosTyLis (Genus), Lestib. —Lowest fertile glumes spirally

imbricate, Umbe odie orsimple. Style 3-fid.

Whole plant ha we se ... (5) exilis.

Glabrous. Spikelets pedicelled, solitary ... (4) pean

Glabrous. Spike n dense heads eed ... (7) obtusifolia.

Sect. Fae ih ngage “ee 1s), vat — Lowest Hah dds: distichous, or

ery nearly so. Stem bearing 1 (rarely 2-3) sp

Spikelet peers Ape patiaen ae ... (8) monostachys.

rs 1, F. squarrosa (Vahl, Enum. ii. 289); annual, puberulous or

nearly glabrous ; stem 2-8 in. long ; leaves a the length of the

stem, 51; in. broad ; umbel usually ‘compound ; bracts 3-4, often as

long as ae umbel, ‘similar to the leaves ; spikelets all peilicelled, t

by zy in., dense ; glumes elliptic, keeled, dusky, the 3 nerves coales-

cing tees a curved excu peclnh mucro; stamens usually 2

pee ; branches 2; rae 1 as a as the glume, eee biconvex,

off with the deciduous style. Zunth, Enum. ii. 2234; Boe, in

Linnea, xxxvii. 10; C. B. vigsahens ex Hook. t.. Ft. Brit. Ind. vi. 635.

Ff. Ee lonii, Nees in ’ Linnea, i Ee. x. 145; Kunth, eraily ii, 226.

Scirpus squarrosus, Poir. Encye. yee v. 100, not of

Coast Receion: Clanwilliam Div.; Doorn eo below 1000 ft., Drege’

gence, a se Ae ai River, below 100 ft., Drége !

: Clanwilliam Div. ; near whe Oliphants River, below

000 | ft. Fahek. 779 par OF Ecklon and dl Zeyh her

In all tropical and warm-temperate regions.

2. F. dichotoma (Vahl, Enum. ii. 287); annual, puberulous or

minutely pubescent ; stem 2-8 in. long; leaves often as long as tn

stem, 4; in. broad ; umbel usually ett ound (or decompound) ;

bracts 3-4, often as long as the umbel, similar to the leaves ; splke-

Boeckeler) ; style nearly always hairy, branches 2, shortish ; nut 3

the length of the glume, obovoid, biconvex, pale or scarcely brown,

with 5-9 ribs on each face due to the cells being vertically super-

posed. Kunth, Enum. ii. 225; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvil 12

partly ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. ae Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 635. Scirpus

sy ere Linn. Sp. Plant , 74; Rotth. Deser. et Le. 57,

t. 13, fig. 1 (ef. Hoppe in Flore. igss, 177-181).

WESTERN REGION: Cowiilinn Div.; near the Oliphants River, below

1000 ft., Zeyher, 1779 partly

ogee from Psi and West Africa to Hong Kong and New South Wales.

difficn't to distinguish from F. diphylla.

This very eed

we aeawcn s Litrorr of ‘ichotoma and his American examples are ~ — :

his Ay up :

to YY In ichotoma, as here understood, the glumes are d etly

keeled, ie that the Ac an numerous short longitudinal angles.

3. F. diphylla (Vahl, ae ii as ; ees or more or less

pubescent; stem commonly 12-20 in. long; umbel compound,

ea eee ee eee ee a ee eee a te ns

]

Fimbristylis.| CYPERACEX (Clarke). 201

though reduced sometimes to a few spikelets; glumes ovate, gla-

brous, concave, apne distinct keel; style 2-fid ; nut with 5-10

longitudinal ribs on each face ; otherwise as F, dichotoma.—C. B.

Clarke in Hook. vs a Brit. Ind. vi. 636. F. communis, Kunth,

mum. li. 234. FF. dregeana, Kunth, Enum, ii. 232. F. poly-

morpha, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 14, Scirpus diph yllus, Retz.

Obs, v. 15.

H AFRICA: ke locality, yao 65

Katanart Rearo Orange Free State, Buchanan, 147! Transvaal; Hout-

bosch, aes nn, 562 22 | 5623! 7714! “ant without precise locality, Kuntze,

243!

KastERN REGION: bag arma Umtata River, below 1000 ft., nei ote

Pondoland; between the Umtentu River and Umzimk vl River, Drege! and

without precise locality, p Behe sapicat 113! 125! Griqualand East, near uerre

dale, 2500 ft., Tyson, 1191! Natal, Drége, 4371! 4373 ! Se SLI L

11g! 338! 339! 340! ott Gorka rd, 487! Wood, 6012

All as and warm-temperate regions.

The mos ant and widely- pidore bs se sedges, sapien. 3 eet most

narrowly fingnived) bec names, The Cap amples are mo y tall, with

broader leaves than in F. dichotoma ; F, dreg ati i, Ktnith; is 3-4 in, ee but has

much stouter, sisted epiketeta shen i lichoto ma

4. F.

on a very short, or p aaa rhizome. 8-30 i . long ; leaves ane

4-8 in. long, or hardly any, hairy or siiteate A ;j5 in. broad or usually

less; umbel compound or simple, usually of 5-15 pedicelled spike-

lets, sometimes of 1 spikelet ; bracts 3-2, usually short, occasionally

as long as the umbel; spikelets 1 by 4-1 in., ovoid, Tusty-brown ;

glumes round-backed, ovate

the upper half of the back ; stamens 3-2 ; style longer than the nut,

airy, branches 2, rather short; nut scarcely 2 the length of the

glume, bic onvex, obovoid, smooth, , pale brown, not, or very “obscurely,

longitudinally ribbed. Kunth, Enum. ii. 236; Boeck. in shag

‘xxv. 16; C, B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.

sieberiana, Kunth, Enum. ii. 237. Scirpus ferrugineus, Linn. Sp.

Plant. ed. ay TA.

Sourn Arrica: withoat Joes Harvey

wk Re@ton: Bathurst Div.. Fish Ri ae below 1000 ft., Drege! Komgha

ei River, Flana an, en 1!

HART REGION = Orange Free State, Buchanan, 145! Transvaal ;

Bac Vata Rebman, 4793 !

: RN Ree Pond os nd; sr the mouth of the Umtsikaba Bla :

Dre. ! see petrol precise locality, Bachmann, 112! Natal; Du seg ip,

Buchanan 2! 25! 55! Co: ic -land, \Guthe rland! Delagoa Bay, Kuntze,

All tropical and warm -temperate regions,

This abundant Fimbristylis is ee Salis y named in herbaria from th

a white or greyish hairs top of the backs of the glumes; but t

glu i tems have only 1

spikelet iy Soy sibately pelea deat Sarre ey's 7 58

2 ®. F. exilis (Roem. et Schultes, Syst. Veg. ii. 98) ; annual, hairy ;

stems tufte

‘. 4-16 in. long, rather slender, hairy or rarely neatly

202 CYPERACE (Clarke). [Fimbristylis

glabrous ; , az in. broad, hairy or

rarely glabrate ; ee always ned vunbe of 3-14 pedicelled

spikelets ; ; bracts 4-3, about as long as the umbel ; spikelets }—3 by

in., 10—20- flowered ; glumes boat-shaped, cae acute, chestnut-

brows, puberulous ; keel reen, excurrent in a point ; stamens 3-2

; nut rather large,

Yi hispidula, Kent, Enum. ii. 297, Krauss in Flora, 18 15, 757

Boeck. in Linn xxxvil. 27. Scirpus hispidulus, Vahl, ‘Enu

ii. 276. Bisneshss Iirt Thunb. in Hojm. Phytogr. Blaett. 1 . 6, an nd

Ll. Cap. edit. Schult. 100; aoe Enum, i. 106. Chetospora

distachya, Nees in ee

Soutu AFrica: without locality, =. 4372

KALAHARI ReGion: Kalahari, Schinz, 371! joer near Klerks-dorp,

4000 ft., AfcLea in Herb. Bolus, "6018 !

EastERN Reeion: Tra ai banks of the ee River, below 1000 ft.,

oe 4 a ores near the Umlaas River, Krauss, 1 Sydenham, near D Durban, ;

Wood, 1956! and without ei locality, Sethi 344! Kuntze, 23!

Fallen, aatark di 490!

Common throughout Africa and Dae eee: rare in Tropical America.

This species is sae connecting-link between Fimbristylis and Bulbostylis

ry stem is in Bulbostylis, ver rare in Panbrtatylia the spikelets,

with hairy glumes, secede te yi _ of Bulbostylis. Itd s from Bulbostylis m

that the seue is somewhat persistent; and, when it does fall, it takes the whole

style-base, and does vig leave pehiad ‘the dark-coloured button so conspicuous on

the nut of Bulbostyli

oo 6. F. eas (Link, Hort. Berol. 1827, i. 292); glabrous;

stems tufted on a very short, or obsolete, rhizome, 6—24 in. long,

ten much flattened at the top; leaves often 4-8 by + in., obtuse;

umbel with 6-180 tra was aise bracts 2, shorter than

ele

ts|

fon)

fae)

w-a

Lee J

for)

wer

lac]

in"

03,

fa*)

oo ae

rac)

—

glabrous, picts es 3, linear; nut very small, narrow-obovoid, round

trigonous, straw-coloured, slenderly longitudinally ribbed because the

transversely oblong cells are in vertical series. Kunth, Enum. ii.

228; C.B. oe in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 646. F. prernens

var. a Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 38. Sci irpus complanatus, Retz.

Obs. v. 14, Lrie helostylis complanata, Nees in Linnwa, x. 146.

7 Var. 8, kraussiana (C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 646); stems

slenderer, often perce at all flattened at the apex; umbel more co Jom pac ct, of

F. kraussiana, Hochst. ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 757.

/~ Yar. 7; consan guinea (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

v. 6C 3) ; spikelets often in clusters of 2-5 on the ultimate rays of the umbel.

F, sala ii Kunth, Enum, ii, 228; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 36.

Soutn AFRICA: without Pia d Drége, 6448! Var. y, Drége, 4414! 4418!

TAO ! Dekh on and Lawler

Coa EGION : Ko mat Div., 2000 ft., Flanagan, 960! Var. y, Uitenhage

Div.; V Stadens Hoogte, MacOw van, 13854! 1354b! Alexandria Div. 5

between Hoff ns Kloof and Drie Fontein, retest ft., Drege! Al

Div. ; onrtnners riot 1800 ft., MacOwan, 1852!

ae ee a ee — a | eo ee ee, - mee ee

Fimbristylis.] cypEerace® (Clarke), 293

= ors NARI tne Var. B, Orange Free State, rT 142! Transvaal ;

Pretoria, Rehmann, 4771! Magalies Berg, E.S.C.A. Herb., 309! and wit! rout

Se Toaity. Retina a , 5619!

Kast ondoland, Bachmann, 108! Natal ; Umzinyati, 1200 ft.,

Wood, 1399! Dur ee ‘Botante ‘Garde ae Wood, cea Durban Flats, Wood,

4003 ! a Buchanan, 132! Var. B, Na marsh near the Umlaas

River, Kva 2 180! Nottingham, vcdlclige n, rs — without precise ie ality,

ar ee ee 343! Rehmann, 8103! 8604!

a ur Var. y, Tembulan 6

beeen the Bushee River and ork ey, 1000-2000 ft., Drége. Pondoianrl

hear the mouth = ra Uuntatkhea River, Drége. Natal, Gueinaius, 2 215!

Found throughout the tropical nee warm-temperature regions of the obese

The character « solitary ’? or “clustered” spikelets has been used as of “ sec-

tional ” in Fimbristylis ; and Kunth therefore put — wa baa F. Soe

ni maid shécien ut the character is not of specific value s so the acter

oe en from the flattening of the top of stem. Boeckeler, perhaps righty “anes

ne Whole series of Lage ae ev F. autumnalis, Roem. et i — e. Scirpus

Miele: Linn.). Wh species, or varieties, are so c ae toaster it. is

ot possible to Site the favcthednn except as matter of opinio

7. F. obtnsifolia (Kunth, woe ii. 240); glabrous, rigid ;

thizome short, thick, woody; stems 4-18 in. long; leaves many,

usually ee 4 foi length of the es, ~J5—} in. bro ad, hard, obtuse ;

wnbel 1-3 jy | aig , Simple or compound, or condensed into one

vied bracts 3 3-2 , lowest 3-22 in

1 long, shorter or longer than the

Sai el, rigid, similar to the heel spikelets usually clustered, 2 in.

ongs ellipsoid, pale, dense ; glumes ovate, obtuse ; style nearly as long

as the nut, glabrous, branches 3 (at least in the lower flowers), as long

te the style ; nut hardly 3 the length of the glume, obovoid, ro ond.

trigonous, dark- coloured, not longitudinally + ibbed. F. glom erata,

on in tinned, xxxvii. 47 partly. pi ae Biche, Beauv.

{es Owar. ii 38, ¢ . 81, fig. 1. Trichelostylis obtusifolia, Nees in

1X, 250.

River RN ReGion : Pondoland ; between the Umtentu River and Umzim} culu

Ku cd a 909 ft., Drége, 4415 ! Natal, Rehmann, 8692! Delagoa Bay

b ao Africa, the Mascarene Islands, aud America; near salt or

x. monostachya (Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 61) ; 5 glabrous ; stems

1 ° very short woody rhizome, 3-11 in. long, slender ;

eaves often 2 the length of the stem, q's in. broad; spikelet 1

(rarely 2 op "3 + by 1 in, and few-flowered, or in fruit 1 in. long

ane many-fow vered ; bract t subereet, rarel _mauch tbat the

- the rhachilla ; glumes boat-shaped, onic, without nerves ak

vse formin cel, minutely mucronate; stamens 3; anthers

: 8 kee

oblong-linear, muticous ; nut rather large, less than } the length of

ah, brown, without striations, but often minutely tubereled ;

yle longer than the nut, hairy, slightly thickened at the base, com-

204 cypERACE® (Clarke). [ Fimbristylis

pletely deciduous with its base, branches 3 linear, shortish. C. B.

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 649. Cyperus monostachyos, Linn.

Mant. 180; Rottb. Deser. et Iv. 18, t. 18, fig. 3. Ali yg

monostachya, Vahl, Enum. ii. 296; Kunth, Baum. ii. 247;

in Tinnwa, xxxvii. 53.

Soutn A¥Frica: without ee: Dréye, 4377! Zeyher, 1752

Coast Reeion: Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, Maeinam 188! Komgha

Div.; Flanagan, 914! fdgabeilis iv.; Shiloh, 3000-400: rege.

ARI REGION: ‘Transvaal; Magalies Berg, Burke! et "without precise

271

nN Reoion: Transkei; between Gekau and the Bashee —— 1600-

2000 ft., Drége. Tembuland; between a Bashee River and Morley, 1000-

00 ft.

2000 en Drége! Bazeia, 20 .. Baur, 64! 412! Natal; Umgeni River,

Rehmann, 8593 ! Colenso, 34(0 ft., Kuntze, 2 !

pias distributed in the shunt and warm-temperate regions of the globe.

VIII. BULBOSTYLIS, Kunth.

Spikelet of many spirally imbricate glumes, lowest,1 or 2 empty,

many or several succeeding glumes 2-sexu al pe erfecting nuts , uppermost

male or sterile. Hypogynous bristles 0. Stamens 3-2, anterior.

Style glabrous, linear, pane with its slightly enlarged base, leaving

a dark-coloured ulton o the nut; sea 3 or 2, linear. Nut

triangular or flat (do vanily compressed), obovoid, very obtuse or

truncate, pale till quite ripe, the Ee lle SAE button finally falling

off,

Stolons 0; leaves all near the base of the stem, very narrow, often hairy, near 4

stapes ciliate hairy in the mouth of the sheaths ; inflorescence a termi nal umbe

simple mpound, or a single terminal spikelet; flower-glumes near Ae always

pact

B. Species 130; in all tropical and warm-temperate regions, eapecialy

prose in Africa and America, one species reaching north to Canada. [See

also Fin.bristylis exilis. |

Stem with 1 (or 1-2) spik

Sty she ene 2; ear ‘early glabrous :

Nut smooth : eS .. (1) humilis.

Nut tlongivuinally striate a ve ... (2) striatella

as Soe gs phat plant hairy Raa previculmis.

Stem with ae nse hez me of several spikelets ; style.

prose

Stem ieee ly and densely hairy at ee top ; Later

lets eat: ; Sones sheaths fine woolly ; jiead 1, (4) filamentosa.

Stem glabrous ; leaf-sheaths hardly ciliate even ee

their throats :

Lea ongish; flower-glumes very obtuse ; :

wasule cres ner G scheenoides.

eaves longish ; fo ewer. -glummes neumninate a (OEe ee

ves hardly any; m t a

si wih “s (or 1-4) munbetinis, ey of spike let 3 leat

is with tid white hairs, often ee beds

rot in ag throat

Hea with long white hairs; nut smooth, not .

otis Sage i ve A Oe

— Bulbostylis.) CYPERACEE (Clarke). 205

Head 1, brig long white hairs; nut not zonate... (9) eardiocarpa.

Head 1, with few long white huirs ; 3 nut transver sely

fnsalate (10) Burkei.

eads a a simply umbellate ; “flower-glumes. white-

mar, . (AL) Zeyheri.

Hea = simply umbell: ate ; flower -glumes not

ERE

08,

white-margined ... (12) cinnamomea.

sets regs solitary ; ut mbel often compout

se 1-2 apnea’ x tp together ; nmbel often

ee re . (13) Kirkii.

Spikelets nearly all golit ary s

la — a little. long white hair (1: 1) eapillaris.

Rhizo mice with long white hair in the

le ibeiieetia . (15) Burchellii.

A 1. B. humilis (Kunth, Enum. ii. 207, ef. 205); glabrate or scarecly

~ hairy, annual, tufted : — i—4 in. long, aie glabrous, eta

Pais scabrous-hairy ; ace 1 by + in., of 3-6 fertile flowers, ose:

with a browner lanceolate tip of male glumes; basal spikelets above

_ ground but concealed among the tufted | stems: are often added ; bracts

~ shorter or considerably longer than the spikelet, similar to the ‘leaves ; :

dcr elliptic, with a green 3-nerved keel excurrent in a curved

jmucro; stamens 3-2; nut 2 the length of the glume, subsessile,

oboveid, dorsally compressed, pale ; external layer of cells, nearly

_ Square, obscure, small, so that the nut appears smooth, microsvo-

Pleally reticulated, without longitudinal ribs ; style as long as the nut,

linear, smooth, with 2 linear "b ranches, falling off early, leaving a

minute discoloured button or small tuberele on the pale nut.

Pimbristylis arenaria , Nees in Linnea, x. e ; Kunth, Enum. ii.

244, Tholepis Nsitailin. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum "100. I. arenuria,

_ Drege in Linnea, xx. 247. Scirpus pain Boeck. in Linnea,

XXXvi. 741,

é H Sour Arrica: without locality, Dréye, 3946! 4374! Verreaux! Boivin!

a ary tt ’

; GION: Cape Div.; Simons Bay, Wright, 514! Ceres Div.; near

Cores, Frvstan 2366! U itenhage Div. ; Zwa along River, Zeyer, 4385! Port

Mlisabeth, s, Herb. Schinz, 158! E.S.C.A. Herb., 105!

AL REGIo Ons Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, MacOwan, 1348! 1253!

i nee

salen recto: Transkei Bashee River, below ‘oe ft., Drége. Natal

» 15:

2. B. oe (C. I. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fi, Afr. oI nut with 18-20 longitudinal ribs on each convex

Vertically beeuncone 4 es between each two ribs; other-

Wise as B. humilis. Fulop huanillima, Hochst. ex C. B. Clarke in

Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 616.

Sourm Arnica: without locity, eateries 381!

Ad Region: Komgha Diy.; rocks near Komgha, 2)00 ft., Flanagan,

206 CYPERACE® (Clarke). (Bulbostylis.

KabLanart REGION: Orange Free State; rocks near Harrismith, 5000 ft.,

Wood, ed with 4762

EAstenn REGION : ae Buchanan, 86! Cooper, 3364!

Also in “Abe ssinia.

This species is usu: tly sity (up to 8-Gin. high) and more peifectly glabrous

than B. humilis; but it has spikelets added similarly am ong the bases at we

stems . is so oexceetingty ike. humilis that I do not think t

able except by the 1 ‘f 1ese two species in their 2-fid style and seed

habit differ from she uae genus Bulbostylis

B. ah a (Kunth, Enum. ii. 207, ef. ah hairy, tufted,

annual ; ; stem 1-21 in. long, slender, hairy, carrying | spikelet ; basal

spikelets ys eg geet as in the two preceding pi : Jeaves

as long as the stem, setaceous; spikelets 1—-} about

Pitonemds bracts about as long as the spikelet ; ‘lames ovate-

ac e

mucro; style hardly as long as the nut, linear, glabrous, branches

linear, longish; nut 2 the length of the glume (mucro included),

subequa ip soe shovald. yellow-brown, not striate, slightly verru-

€ ercle or button (left on nut by the deciduous style) ee |

darker in colour than the nut. Lsulepis breviculmis, Steud. weed

Glum. ii. 100. Scirpus breviculmis, Boeck. in Linnwa, xxxvi.

CentraL ReGion: Aliwal North Div.; between Aliwal North (Buffel oe

and the Kraai River, 4500-3(00 ft., Dréye, 83947! Herb. Berlin and Delessert.

No specimen at Kew.

B. filamentosa (Kunth, Enum. ii. 210, cf. 205) ; stem densely

tufted, 1 ft. long, ved slender, minutely densely hairy at the top

1-headed ; leaves early as long as the stem, setaceous, hairy ;

sheaths with long, wie thin hairs ; head 3 to 4 in. in diam., dense

with many small ride chestnut-brown ; bracts 2 to } in. Jong,

setaceous ; spikelets 1 by 51, in., 6-10-flowered ; elumes boat-shaped,

ovate, minutely hairy, without. long white hair ; kee] 3-1-nerved,

with a small linear crest; nut 2 the length of the glume, broadly

obovoid, white, finally pale seeeic obseur rely meine! wavy

exes Contes to the ee longitudinal oo cells aie as

Hee 23 Clarke in Dur ze and Sites Conspect. F1. A fr. v. G1

Seirpus filamentosus, Vall, Enum. ii. 262 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi.

747, excluding American ‘(% and plants. Isolepis filamentos a,

Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. ii. 113.

KALAHARI REGION: ‘Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5611! 5617!

Also found in West Tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Angola.

In Rehmann’s examples the nut is — than i in the Niger typical ex xamples,

and without t transverse wavy lineolatic being nearly quadrate.

x 5. B. schenoides (Kunth, ener ii. 208, cf. 205); nearly g platzotes

‘ except the flower glumes; rhizome woody; stems approximate, 4-10 in

Bulbostylis. ] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 207

long, slender, glabrous at the top, l-headed; leaves 1-2 the length

of th ty)

nearly glabrous, spikelets 3-5, 1 by + in., very obtuse, chestnut-

ovate, obtuse, almost truncate, narrowly white margined at the almost

fimbriate tip ; keel hardly reaching the tip; stamens 3; anthers

linear-oblong, rather large, not crested ; style linear, shorter than the

young ovary, branches 3 linear, longish ; style-base bulbous, exactly

of young Bulbostylis; nut unknown. OC. B. Clarke in Durand and

Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 616 partly. Isolepis scheenoides, Steud.

he Pl. Glum.ii. 100. Scirpus schwenoides, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi.

(20,

Region: King Williamstown Div.; between the Yellowwood River

and Zandplaat, 1000-2000 ft., Drage. Stockenstrom Div.; Kat Berg, 4000-5000

ft., Drdge, 3936 !

497 | ae Region: Aliwal North Div.; Witte Bergen, 7000-8000 ft., Drége,

sir J. D. Hooker first separated the Tropical African Schenus ? erraticus with

hesitation, and then united it specifically ; it has not the very obtuse glumes of

B. scheenotdes

6. B. scleropus (C. B. Clarke); nearly glabrous, except the

flower-glumes ; stems tufted; enclosed by + in. broad, harsh,

chestnut-black, striate leaf-sheaths, 10-16 in. long, glabrous at the

top, 1-headed ; leaves often 2 the length of the stem, narrowly linear,

channelled, minutely scabrous on the edges, without long white

ars; spikelets 6-10, crowded in 1 head, 2 by 2 in, cylindric-

linear-oblong, not crested; nut obovoid, trigonous, pale, finally

brown, obscurely transversely lineolate ; style linear, longer than

nut, deciduous, leaving a dark-coloured button on the nut, branches

near, as long as the style. B. schenoides, C. B. Clarke in

Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 616 partly.

Katanart Region: Transvaal; Apies River, Burke!

EASTERN Rxcion: Tembuland, Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 285!

7. B. parvinux (C. B. Clarke); nearly glabrous, except the flower-

glumes; stem 20 in. long, slender, 1-headed, glabrous at the top,

most leafless, the glabrous, pale-brown, weak leaf-sheaths produced

vn one side about 1 in., not green; head 1 in. in diam., dense, pale-

Town, the numerous spikelets spreading on all sides, concealing the

Small bracts; spikelets nearly 1 b 1 in.

2 te, subacute, minutely pubescent ; keel hardly excurrent ; stamens

: linear-oblong, not crested; nut minute, hardly 4

the length of the glume, obovoid, round-trigonous i

re)

iy ellow-brown, smooth, not, or most obscurely, lineolate ; style linear,

“|

208 CYPERACEX (Clarke). [ Bulbostylis.

The spikelets greatly resemble those of B. cinnamomes A which differs

in having ciliate-hairy leaf-sheaths, a coe much larger n

8. B. collina (Kunth, Enum. ii. ~ cf, 205); rhizome short,

woody ; re closely tufted, 4-10 in. long, glabrous at the top,

l-headed ; leaves numerous, short, La the length of the stem.

setaceous, ‘hairy ; leaf-sheaths with jong white hair in their throats ;

head 2 in. in diam., of 5-12 spikelets, more or less ears with long

white. hair ; bracts scarcely longer than the head; spikelets 4 by }

oblong- cylindric, hice ned brown ; glumes elliptic- oe minutely

pubescent, and o also with long white hairs; keel g en wrngetip cd

excurrent ; mci ns ae anthers linea oblong, eer eee ; nut 2 the

length of the glume, rather broadly obovoid trigonous, pale, ultimately

brown, smooth, not ‘transversely wavy lineolate (outermost cells being

subquadrate) ; ” style linear, about as long as the nut, glabrous,

mye ies leaving a small dark-coloured tuberee on the nut, branches

3 linear, about as long as a style. B. Clarke in Durand and

Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. 613 par ay gers or poe in

Linnea, ix. 292. Tr chdout ylis contexta, Nees in Linn 4

— ylis wee ey Kunth, Enum. ii. 245, Isolepis aed, "Steud.

n. Pl. Glum. ii. 101. Scirpus collinus, Boeck. in Linnea, XxXvi.

16.

Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div., Zeyher ! Sager Div. ; Addo, 1000-200!

ft., Drive, 2037! Albany Div.; Blue Krantz, Burchell, 3629! Gral cmon

2000 ft., MacOwan, 1972! near the Bushman raid below 1000

pet Div. ; ; between Blue Krantz and Kaffir Drift Military Post, “Burchell,

Ks sna ae REGION: Transvaal; hills above the Apies River, Rehmann, 4329!

EGION : Swaziland ; Havelock Concession, 4000 ft. | Saltmar she ™m

Herb. “Gain, 1021b!

n South pares Africa ?

There ure numerous very closely allied species. 2B. collina is here a

from Drége’s specimens in Herb. Kew, distributed as “ Isolepis collina, Kth.

and the ee cited are only those in Herb. Kew which exactly match i dn,

If the species taken in a wider ree as in Durand and Schinz, Conspect

Fl. Afr. v. 613, its distribution will be w

9. B. cardiocarpa (C. B. Clarke in Darand and Schinz, Conspect.

t much less than in B. collina; heads and flower-glumes without

long white hair; spikelets rather narrowly lanceolate, acute; nut

narrower than that of B. collina; otherwise as B. collina.

Pimbristylis aaa as Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 154;

not of FP. Mueller

Eastern Region : Tembuland ; Cofimvaba, 2500 ft., Bawr, 478! 479!

Also in South Tropical Africa.

Pee , by made a var, of B, sara but the two plants do not match ; in

collina heads are subovoid ; cardiocarpa ry lanceolate separate tips

of the reeds stick anit pth alatoty from the hea

B. Burkei (C. B. Clarke); heads less dense than those of

0. y: ]

B. collina, with hardly any long white hair; nut oblong, pear-sha ed,

somewhat narrowed at the top, yellow-brown, transversely lineolate,

ay ae) a

Bulbostylis.] CYPERACEX (Clarke). 209

almost zonate, by reason that the outermost cells are rather large

and longitudinally oblong ; otherwise as B. collina, Kunth. ,

Soutn AF np ae without locality, rl 1769!

KataHart REGION: Orange Free 8 ; Caledon River, Burke, 332!

From Kunth’s desertion of ged nie a B. sn it seems baad that he had

before him the nut of B. Burket ell. The of B. Burke has a different

oe from that of B. collin a, bee is extremely like the — of B. Zeyheri,

which species B. Burkei may shaithty be a for

11. i Zeyheri (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. FI.

Afr, 616); stems 4-10 in. long, tufted on a very short woody

Saunt: leaves 2 as long as the ston, setaceous ; bead alia: weak,

with much long white hair i in their throats ; heads 1-4, each of 2-7

with little, or no, long white hair; glumes ovate, acute, minutely

pubescent on the sides, white-margined ; kee 3-1 green nerves;

nut oblong, pear-shaped, somewhat narrowed at

the top, yellow- brown, transversely lineolate, almost zonate by reason

that the outermost cells are rather large and longitudinally oblong.

Scirpus ae Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 75: S. macrolepis,

Boeck. ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

1 Reeion se oem Bea — Zeyher, 1768! Burke ! hills

above the Apies Pies Relimann ! Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann, 4478!

Eastern Region: Nat aes Flat, Wood, "4008 !

Also in South East enn Africa.

This species is perhaps = pres from B, Burkei, which has an exactly similar

nit, One-headed_ ex: = f B. Zeyheri have more long white hairs and

hargined flower-glume

2. B. cinnamomea (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

Spect. Fl. Afr, v. she stems 1 1-2 ft. long Seats tufted on ee

haits .

yes in Engl. Jahrb. v. 505. 8. transvaalensis, Boat - & U-

"asl im Durand and Schinz Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 613 —

vis Boeck, ex OC. B. Clarke in Durand and Schine, Conspect. Fl.

V. 616, as to Rehmann, 8620

Krcanan Recion: eens Siasthead: Rehmann, 5618!

STERN ReGion: Nat ; Inanda, Wood, 1352! Rehmann, $620! a without

precise locality, Gerrard, e071 698 8! Buchanan, 3 37!

Also in Ny yassaland and Madagascar,

48. B. Kirkii (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. F'1.

VOL, VIL, Er

210 cypmrAce® (Clarke). [ Bulbostylis.

os %s ee ‘3 ; umbels somewhat lax, often compound with secondary

r in. long; spikelets solitary or paired; otherwise as B.

cinnamomea

EASTERN ‘hearse: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 1576!

14. B. capillaris (Kunth, Enum. ii, 211, ef. 205) 5 ; annual ; stems

tufted, 3-15 in. long, setaceous, glabrous ; leaves 2 2 the length ‘of the

stem, sctaceous, nearly gla brous . leaf-sheaths more or less long,

white-hairy in their throat ; umbel simple or compound, or reduced

: mhignea 1

to one spikel 8 in. in diam.; bracts shorter than the umbel ;

spikelets all or oo a scarce ely 2 in. long, chestnut-brown ;

glumes ovate, acute, most minutely pubescent, or glabrous; keel

usually green achat: a often 2; anthers not aristate ;

nut less than } the length of the glume, obovoid, obtuse, pale-brown,

scarcely transversely undulate ; ; style slender, glabrous, longer than

the nut, ge nap leaving a black-red tubercle on the nut, branches

3; longer than the style. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. sie

i. 652. Bieipws capillaris, Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 2, 73; Boeck. 4

Foes, xxxvl. 759. Isolepis capillaris, Roem. and Schultes, Syst.

Veg. i. 118; Mant. ii. 68, 533.

EASTERN RecGion : Pondoland, 4500-7200 ft., Sutherland !

Abundant in the warm regions of both hemispheres.

15. B. ge oan (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. 612); stems tufted closely on a woody rhizome, very

slender, phew leaf-sheaths eee white-hairy in the

throat ; spikelets when in flower about + in. long, hardly different

from thos e of B. sacs lsagptots but in fruit Be examples from different

localities) "eine to Lin. (sometimes nearly } in.) long ; alae

as B. capillaris. Fimbri istylis Burchellit, Ficalho and Hiern 2

Trans, Linn. Soe. ser. 2, i. 28, %. 6 B, fig. 7-15. F. mre a

Boeck. in Linnea, Xxxvii. 27 partly.

HARI — : Griqualand West; Kli ontein, Burchell, 2151;

Be ete ale nd ; Kosi ‘Montage n, Burehll, aaa 25 a Sioned s Pretoria Div

velo above = Apies Riy es Rehinann, 4830! Potchefstroom, by the Mooi River,

els

Also in South Tropical A‘rica,

IX. SCIRPUS, Linn.

empty, many or fiend succee ace es perfecting ne

f Se diotcus), uppermost male or ie Hypogynous bristles

r 2-6, und d. Stamens 3-2, anterior. Sti yle glabrous, linear,

passing gradually into the nut (except in Sc. Hystriz and oe

lepis where it is very short and deciduous); branches 3 or 2, linear.

Scirpus. ] cYyPpeRACEx (Clarke). 211

Ovary sessile, or often much narrowed at the base, pyriform, but not

on a minute obpyramidal gynophore. Nuw¢é triangular or flat (dorsally

compressed ).

Leaves all near the base of the stem a the Cape gi exc ponds the Fluitantes,

linear, glabrous ; flower-glumes Bie gla ate us. only differs from the

Beings without hhypozynous bris sg fe st

minute obpyriform gyno-

tinction is ar tifcial, nor do ee hak Oyperologists see it alike,

DistR1B Species 130, very generally distributed in all climates and countries.

Subgenus I. Fruiranres. Stems with leaf-bearing nodes or leafless. Spikelets

solitary, vg we bristles none. Style and its branches elongate. Fertile

Barns usually 2-sex

Style-branches 2:

Spikelets lanceolate

Peduncles subsoitar

ut oboy oA ae rms 1 i

Nut ager, elipsoid a Peo at RS expliiius.

Peduncles = red ae ba es

Spikelets globose... eek ee as we 3 gush:

Style. eet WER er a be ... (5) tenuissimus.

Subgenus II. Isoneprs (Genus, R. Br.). Stem with leaves at the base only

e a “oggesn 0

ry or in one head, or aig um cage

elon

: as of BucScinpus which

have no hy pogynous br a ce ie decked from this Subgenus.)

Group 1. Style 2- - Spikelet solitary. Nut smooth

(except 6 S. sororius).

Spikelet line era vc wae, ohh roan 4S) Toptentasiea,

Spikelet clipe eel x

Glumes with a eae a narrow tip ie ... (9) Burchellii.

Eluthes lean btuse :

Leaves produced .., wi oo .. (6) sor

Leaves hardly any pi wee, eke verracosulus.

Group 2. Style 3- ak Spikelets in one head or waitin:

Nut trabeculat

Leaves ately

NS]

y pre

mall annual; ‘spikelets 2 z5 in. (10) setaceus.

Siouter with slende

er, at length woody,

rhiz cag pplkaleras 2 in. long ’ (11) diabolicus.

Leaves har ‘dly any :

8 inte slender; spikelets not eee

= in. lon

Stems nibh stouter ; ; spikelets $i in. long .. (13) costatus.

8. Style 3-fid, Spikelets in one head, or solitary,

‘wana eee Nui neither longitudinally

nbbed nor

culat

sro rele pee with 1-3 (rarely 4) small spike-

Spikelet 1, or in 8. sesturbypites rarely 2:

Leaves hardly a

pikelet week or vay oblong... yee ed batbifors.

Spikelet only ¥, in. eee em se cost

taaie 3 the length a the a .» (16) ten

212 CYPERACE® (Clarke). (Scirpus.

Spikelets 3-1 peeed 4):

Leaves ev

Spikes clips to scrbags ate :

mip: mu

= reen, pvacentel ... (17) cernuus.

Stems bl ck when

eapillar (18) subprolifer.

Stems black when a

ick, flaccid .. (19) rivularis

es mucronate wae ... (20) Karro oak

Spikel - s globose re see . (28) pinguiculus.

cake es seconde a

By s

smooth or Ariane

. (21) Neesii.

ptanh cul: 22) trachyspermus.

Small. plants ; alge ith a ae of 3-10 “(rarely

1-2) small spikelets

Glumes enemy » not shir

e 3 the ‘th of ty stem... . (25) incomtulus.

Low ve

in. lon

not faites ite capillary, black... (24) griquensium.

Rh very slender; stem pale ... (26) ex pallescens.

Glumes hard, shining! with prominent curved

red linear ina ;

Glu ous ... sas oe ... (27) antarcticus.

lumes mucronate ... (28) dregeanus.

Plants stouter than in aan two preceding

groups,

with a or reg

Leaves pre

Les aves Tong, baa ask 7 mae ... (29) flaccifolius.

. long, r fee pe on membranaceus.

Leayes none :

Bract overtopping the head :

Spikelets = ae i ae a nodosus.

Spikelets linear-oblo .. (32) dicecus.

Bract much shorter than she ‘hai ad. . (33) prolifer.

Group 4. Style 3-fid. — abs spikelets umbellate

(often solitary in 8. Holoschenus

a ak bracts 3-1, ver short s2 .. (34) Holoseheaus

es long ; bracts 4-8, 1 ie ... (35) Burkei.

Subgenus III. Ev- ere Stem wi “a hanes at the base only or leafless.

. yr heads umbellate. Hypogyuous

bristles often present. Style a and its hoes Adan Fertile flowers usually

sexual,

Hy ay Hani br a rotons wanting or rudimentary.

eac | solitary, | al:

ikele $ re

ut tra sversely si ast: =r ... (36) supinus.

N ut abacarely ie . (37) qu uinquefarius.

any ", (38) articulatus.

Heads several , corym mbo ose, or one compoun nd :

Glume ae aminate into x very long mucro . (39) varius.

Glume acute or 1 i mucronate , (40) corymbosus.

Hyyogynons te tles 4 as the nut, “nearly

ways present :

‘Teas ny ger a the stem, linear-setaceous :

ma i ) ficinioides.

Heads sarah “usually agglomerated .. oe i * tas) falsus.

Scirpus. | CYPERACE” (Clarke). 213

Leaves se a

Ste os ean naieons c

hapa notched ; style-branches (4€) triqueter

Glumes entire, ss style-br mete a “i paludicola.

Stem terete or tri

Hypogynons bris tle ‘setaceous ... ... (47) lacustris.

ypogynous Sinton te eathery ae a littoralis,

Leaves longer than the ste em, flat } in, broad ... (47) maritimus.

Subgenus IV, Micranru &. Stem with basal leaves only or leafless. Spikelets

solitary, or small and capitate. Hypogynous bristles none. Style hardly any,

branches short Tene Fertile flower usually 2-sexual.

Spikelet solitary ; glumes very obtuse .- (48) Isolepis,

Spikelets capitate; glumes ve ry long-awned «. (49) Hystrix.

Subgenus V. Psevuposcuanvs. Leafless. Spikelet

in an + pant br paca panicle. Hypo saci baistiaa

. ‘a and its PERE elongate. Flowers polygamo-

dicecic digagieel oa. (30) spathacaus.

S. fluitans (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 2, 71); glabrous ; ee weak,

branched, floating or creeping in wet places, often 6-12 long,

with numerous leaf-bearing nodes nearly throughout its satin Teeth ;

leaves 1-4 by .) m™,, sheathing at the base; peduncles axillary,

1-5 In. long, scattered, rarely several together, each carrying |

spikelet ; bract 0, i.e. lowest glume (often empty) like the flower-

bearing glumes and early deciduous; spikelet } by ~; in., cylindric-

but some Cape examples are short, few-flowered, green, as the common

European form) ; glumes ovate, concave, hardly bela ‘bandly acute,

Steen or more or less purple-marked ; hypogynous bristles 0; stamens

Usually 2; anthers oblong-linear, not sagen i linear, eres as

compressed, oe straw-coloured, finally inal ati outermost

cells minute, aves withering scarious and peeling off, so that

‘he nut under a co ommon lens is smooth, hardly at all longitudinally

Strate. Sniwer ‘by, Engl. Bot. t. 216; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 485,

excluding var, y and Isolepis ‘Ludwiii BiG. B. a in Hook. f.

41. Brit. Ind. vi. 853. Isolepis fluitans, R. Br. Prod. 221: Kunth,

uum, ii, 188, I. fascicularis, Kunth, Enum. _ 188. Eleugiton

Sasciculari ‘ts, Nees in Linnwa, x. 165.

st Reeron: Tul bagh Div.; Mitchells Pass, Rehmann, 2372 ! Worcester

iy 3 Drakenstein ia aba 3000-4000 ft., Drége, 7409! King Williamstown

a Perie € Forest, ICuntze, 268 !

NTRAL Raion : occas Div.; wet places on the summit of Bosch Berg,

Meoent 1885

Kevanan Rec Nasraties Hooge Veld, Rehmann, 6551!

N REG ; Van Reenans Pass, 5800 ft., Kuntze, 234! and

without s precise porn feskiene, 345! 346!

Widely dispersed in Europe, Africa, South East Asia, and Australia.

214 cyperace® (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

This species, in its narrowly- Desire form, is doubtless frequent in South

Africa; many special localities are not given, a rom the difficulty of Ruciugihivine

young specimens vis a the 3 sanninl: specie

see 2. S. capillifolins (Parl. FI, Ital. ii. 83); as S. fluitans, but the

nut much larger, se gig very little narrowed at the base, appearing

under a pig eon s to have 45 longitudinal striolations on eac

face. S. fluitans, var. y robustus, Boeck, in Linnwa, Xxxv i, 486.

Eleogiton striatus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 291; x. 165. Isolepis i

Kunth, Enum. ii. 189. * robust, “Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 90.

Coast Region: Cape 3; Cape wn, Harvey, 185! Table Mo aici

ar Sobers, 2200 ft. Bolas, 4731! gee Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-

All the examples of this ok, of 8. fluitans vA me exactly similar nuts,

which differ considerably from the Le ut of S. fluita It must he observed,

however, that the exterior cells in the latter are fall exactly similar to and

ia in longitudinal rows like those "of S. capillifoliwus ; thereis no real structural

3. ie genet (C. B, Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Lao

Fl. Afr. v. 622); as S. jfluitans, but the spikelets are 1 in. broad,

siglo

Coa GIon: Swellendam Diy. ; mountains —, the lower part of the

eae Finds River, 500-2000 ft., Zeyher, 4390! 4390b

The nuts are rather longer and browner than ae of 8. fluitans ; the —

are very red. ‘This plant is considered by Boissier to be Hleogiton rubicundus

ie. J,

nea,

described the

spikelet,”’ which ance a has not; and Bost betel the " Eleogiton

rubicundus to Scirpus Ludwigi

4. §. Ludwigii (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 486); as S. fluitans but

leaves and peduncles in clusters at in more or less proliferous nodes.

Fimbr istylis Ludwigit, Steud. in Flora, 1829, i. 9; Nees in

mare vii. 491. Tri chelostylis Lud dwigit, ae in Linnea, ix. 290;

. 146. Isolepis Ludwigit, Kunth, Enum. ii. 189

AR. 8, tenuior (Kunth, Enum. ii, ae ; Regios less rigid, ert in less

numerous clusters, S. lenticularis, Linnea, xxxvi. 453 par tly.

UT scieeee gA “egg Boeck, in Linnea, ie yey Isolepis leauhid Steud. Syn.

coi! porn Without locality, 2. Brown; Harvey, 263! 374! Bolus,

oO EGION: Cape Div. ; Claremont, Schinz, 29! Table Mountain, Reh-

mann, iy ! Cupe Flats, near Aondetose, be low 100 ft., Burchell, 736! Bo lus,

4898 ! and at Doorn Hoogte, Zeyher, 1 78! aimoos ee Wright! Paarl Div.;

French Hoek Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Dae 1593 ! Sictienboscia Diy., Zeyher !

Caledon Div. ; between Houw Hoek Mountains and the Palmiet River, Burchell,

8163! Swellendam Div. near Swellendam, 1000 ft., Kuntze, 251! Knysna

ae ehmann, 373! Ge eorge Div. ; Wolf are Malgat River, Burchell. 6122!

Div.; near Grahamstown, 2200 MacOwan, 1330! Var. B,

Alesana Div. ; Enon, below 500 ft., Deis oa , Uitenhage Div. . Ecklon and

KALAHARI REGION: Var. 8, Orange Free State ; Caledon River, Burke!

EI a ae

Scirpus. ] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 215

Spikelets usually many- Barta ape amanie, in colour = from pale.

straw to brown-red. The type- -form n, with rigid pedun cles 8-20 in a cluster

appears well-marked, but Kunth’s var. B past ends ans S, Auton begins,

7 5.8. tenuissimus (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 481); stems with the

habit of S. fluitans, but ve ty slender, some herbarium pieces more

than 2 ft. long ; leaves 1-3 in. long, capillary ; peduncles 1 in. long,

capillary, often 2-5 from one node, each bearing one spikelet ;

ikelet 51. in. long, ellipsoid, 6—10-flowered ; ldwort glume usually

bates very similar ee the flower-glumes, ‘the midrib cometimes

excurrent in a green point ; flower-glumes —e hardly acute,

obscurely 1-5-ribbed ; esaipsidies bristles 0; nut more than +

length of the glume, ellipsoid, trigonous ; style 2 1 the length of the

mut ; style- ranches 3, about as long as the ork: S. confervoides,

Potr. in Lam. Eineyc. vi. 755 partly ; Kunth, Enum, ii. 173 partly

(te. diagnosis, not description). Isolepis tenuissima, Nees in Linnea,

ix, fete partly; Kunth, Enum. ii.190. I. ? aquatilis, Kunth, Enum.

ii,

st Rea@ion : Paarl Div.; Berg River in Klein Drakenstein Mountains,

oe 500 ft., ee 1589! ‘Sw ellendam Div.; in the Buffeljagts River at

Zuurbra: uk, Bureh 7264! ne Divs; water«pools near the Zwartkops

River, pes meiplialy pias 643!

Also in Madagascar.

There is such confusion involved in the name of S. confervoides for this species

that it is better avoj It was originally described by Poiret from Madagascar ;

he aang the two long barren glumes enclosing the spikelet (which will not at

ull do for §. tonuissimus) Kanthe following, describes the spikelets as 1-flowere

It re probable that Poiret and Kunth partly described from S. submersus,

Sauy., an aquatic species whi ch oceurs in Madagascar.

6. 8. sororius (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr, y v. 630) ; small, glabrous, tufted, annual; stems 2—4 in. long,

setaceous, each with 1 or 2 sessile epikelets ; ‘leaves 1-2 in. long,

setaceous, or often hardly any ; spikelets ~,—} in. long, ovoid, many-

lowered : bracts sometimes 1 in. Jong, more ” often less than = IN. 5

glumes ovate, 0 obtuse, pale, more or less brown-purple marked ;

hypogynous bristles 05 style shorter than the nut, linear, branches

2 long-linear ; nut m inute, less than 3 the length of the glume,

obovoid, flattened, irregularly trabeculate by reason of the large outer

cells being transversely oblong but not arranged in regular vertical

Tows. SS, 8 Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. “50 p rtly. S. minu-

Pewee Boeck.-ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Afr. v 630. a sororia, Kunth, Enum, ii. 192, J. natans,

Nes in Linnea, ix. 291 partly.

Coast Region : Riversdale Div. ; Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6707!

This species is (as many other small Cape Isolepis) generally like 8. selaceus,

Linn., and S. cernuus, Vahl. The nut is much contracted at the base, where it is

surrou anded by a wide cireular yellow dise with which it falls,

216 cYPERACE®E (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

Bea 7. S. verrucosulus (Steud. in Flora, 1829, i. 145); small, glabrous,

tufted, annual ; stems 2-4 in. long, each with 1 spikelet ; leaves 0,

8 g, d

flowered, pale; bract shorter ee the spikelet; hypogynous

bristles 0; style linear, nearly as long as the nut, branches 2 as

long as the style; nut nearly + the ae gth of the glume, obovoid

flattened ; outermost cells minute, quadrate, becoming white, scarious

and breaking up, thus appearing as numerous rows of Se — on the

blac setaceus, var. y nigeMeeg Boeck. in Linnea, XXXVl.

503, ea ete Dietr. Sp. Pl ii.98. Tsolepis ealoniaals

Schrad. ser Fl. ike AG, DAs A 3 ae in Linnea, viii. 79 ;

x. 149 ; nth, Enu ii, 192. ZL. verr uculosa, Nees in Linnea,

Vii. 495. eee Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 93.

Soura tenacnt without oagn tn vibe Bergiu

cae AST ogee : Cape Div e Town, 60- "100 ft., Bolus, 4900! 791

Table Mountain, Eek fat ‘875 | Worcester Div -3 Zeyher! tos

Wlicabeth, 2.8. C.A. Herb.,

Also in Sénegal ?

This plant is like the common S. cernwus, Vabl., but differs in aan ies -fid

style and flattened nut. The “ Sénegal” exar nple was seen in Stendel’s own

erbarium.

8. S. einer sant Lopes in Linnea, xxxvi. 485) ; plabeger ;

rhizome thread-like; stem 8 in. long, capillary, with 1 gpikelet ; le

2 in. long, very snag ithatet = by is _ _linear- cylindric,

erect, dense, dirty straw-eolour ; bract hardly 3; in. long; glumes

round- ovate ; hypogynous bristles 0; style i isee than the

nut, branches 2 linear, longer than the style ; nut small, Jess than

the le rach of the glume, obovoid, flattened, smooth, pale. solepts

ptt Kunth, Enum, ii. 190

Reeion: yer Div.; Klein Drakenstein Mountains, by the Berg

sha below 500 ft., D ;

No specimen at Kew.

9. S. Burchellii (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 618); small, glabrous, bins annual ; stems 1—2 in. long,

each with 1 spikelet; leaves 1-1 in. long, " setaceous ; spikelet

+ by + in., cylindric, dense, pale ; bract about : as long as the spikelet,

but deci MOUS 5 glumes Bes boat-shaped, 7-nerved, sudde nly

rom t the ra cateemaile: cells.

Coast Resion: Riversdale Div.; near the Zoetemelks River, ‘Sin a walk to

the White- clay Pit,” Burchell, 6705 !

The nut islike that of S. trachyspermus, Nees, but not trigonous ; the prolonged

glumes are quite different,

Scirpus. | cyPERACEm (Clarke). 217

10. 8, dep giaan (Linn. a Plant. ed. 2,73, partly); small, glabrous,

/ tufted, annual; stems 1-7 in. long, slender, each bearin 21-35 ike-

lets in a small héad ; leaves 1-3 in. long, setaceous, tapally present,

though the uppermost sheath in the Cape examples is often ci

or very nearly so; spikelets 1—3, sessile, ;1; in. long, ovoid, ny-

flow ered, pale, more or less marked with chestnut- red ; bract astially

472 I. long, suberect, resembling the leaves, persister it; flower-

clumes ovate, hardly acute, somewhat keeled, falling off successively

from the base of the spikelet ; hypogynous bristles 0; ; stamens usually

2; anthers linear- oblong, scarcely apiculate ; style nearly as long as

the nut, linear, glabrous, branehes 3 as long as the style; nut 2

the length of the glume, sessile, trigonous, ellipsoid, pyramidal at

the top and bottom, yellow- brown, mena under a low magnifier

to have 12-18 longitudinal ribs and to be somewhat 12—-18-gonal,

by reason that the outermost cells of the nut are transverse- oblong,

and superimposed in regular vertical series. totthb. Descr. et Ic. 47

(var. B, y), t. 15, figs. 5, Oo: Sowerby, Engl. Bot. t. 1693; Boeck, in

. Y

setacea, R. Br. Prod. 222; Kunth, “Enum, hi. 19s. I. plebeva var.

Schrad, Anal. Fl. Ca ‘ap. 18, t. 1, fig.6; Nees in Linnea, viii. 82, ¢. 3,

ig. 2,2 x, Pe a . erpallescens, b, Drege, Zier ‘Phlanzengeoyr.

Documente 55,

Coast REGION: ele Div., Zeyher !

CENTRAL ReGionx : Gr aaff Reinet Div. ; prog Mountain, Reve Graaff Reinet,

EN le >

3800 ft., Bolus, ee ie Pee A brintha ange, 4 ge Hetil te

KALAnart REG : Tra ; Hooge veld, Rellihaien: Was! Mousheeet

Berg, 7000 ft. Ralshew 4703!

Aleo n Barope, West Asia, North and Tropical Africa, Indo China, and a var,

in preniitt

ra ll. S. diabolicts (Steud. in Flora, 1829, i. 147); glabrous

thizome slender, becoming woody ; stems 6-15 in. long, each bearing

&head of 3-9 spikelets ; leaves often as long as the stem, , in.

ne oo in the dried examples; lower bract Lan in. ig

sty o that the head appears lateral; spikelets ‘a in. long o

more, niiiaad dense, chestnut-brown ; clumes broad-ovate, aeey

acuminate, ae radiating pale red nerves (exceedingly like ‘those of

Ficinia) ; nut as of S. setaceus, but a little larger. Boeck. in Linnea,

XXXvi, £05. Tolpis diabolica, Sehrad. Anal. Fi. re "Migs 3

ntarctica, Nees in Lin nmnea, Vii. bed, Viti, Oot. x: 162. Ficinia

antay retica, Nees in Linnea, ix. 392; Kunth, Ena it, Soo.

*chinziana, Boeck. in Abhandl. Ver. Brandenb. xxix. 47.

rs AFkica : without locality, Zeyher! Verreauz ! pact e, 94

ee T Reeion: Cape Div.; marshy places at the foot of Devils Mountain,

Psa Table Mountain, Schinz /

RAL Recon : Somerset Div. ; ; Bosch Berg, 2500 ft., MacOwan, 1743!

12. S, macer (Boeck. in Engl. Jahrb. v. 503) ; glabrous ; rhizome

very slender ; stems 6-15 in. long, slender, each bearing a head of 1-12

218 CYPERACER (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

spikelets; leaves 0; spikelets scarcely more than } in. long, often

less ; nut as 0

KALAHARI REGION: rr a Free State, Buchanan, 87! 88! Transvaal;

Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5615

EasTERN Recion : Natal; near Durban, Wood, 1963! Nottingham, Buchanan!

and without precise locality, Sihenen. 90!

Also in Madagascar.

Closely allied to the two preceding species.

13. S. costatus (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 511); glabrous; stems

8-24 in. long, rather stout, each bearing a head of 3-12 spikelets ;

leaves 0; es pean a ‘about 2 1 in. long, much stouter than those

of S. ma nut as of S. setaces, Linn. C. B. Clarke in Durand

and Schinz, pe Fi. Afr. ¥

Coast REGION: Queenstown Div. ; oe Baur!

Centra Reaion : Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, 4000 ft., MacOwan, 1919.!

1919b! 1919¢!

Eastern Recion: Tembuland; Isikoba River, 2000 ft., Baur, 725!

Also in Tropical Africa, Madagascar, and Tasmania,

This species is very closely allied to the three preceding,

a 14. 8. venustulus (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 479); glabrous;

r I i 10 in

linear, longer than the style ; nut obovoid, trigonous, smooth, finally

nearly black, much narrowed below, but with a yellow disc of loose

tissue at the base, not on an obpyramidal gynophore. Isolepis

vain Nees in Linnea, ix.291; x.148. I. venustula, Kunth, Enum.

« 193.

Sourn AFRICA: a a ae ! a 79! Heisei ! Wallich!

pea nai _ hie 4 Hopefield, Bachm 1605! 1606!

Cape D r Cap eTown, Bro wn! Zils, 4813 ! ppt fe Bergivs,

155! Uiteubage! Div, Ecklon

This bas pigs aac the habit of a Ficinia, and the dark-red glumes with paler

lines curving wards at the top of the sides are as those of Ficinia. It is put

in Scirpus ber Isolepis only Revie the nut has no distinct gynophore ; the

dileted ring of — lax tissue at its base fulls of with the nut, as the gynophore

in Ficinia often doe

15, 8. bulbiferus (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 482) ; stems 2-5 in.

long, par he oots capillary; oa up to 2 in. long, capillary ;

spikelet hardly ;'; in wide, }-1 in. long; nut ellipsoid, narrow ed

conically at the top; otherwise as 8. ‘venustulus, Boeck.

A ee eae aes i he er ar ae aed

Scirpus. ] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 219

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Sand-dunes near Cape Town, Zeyher, 1777

partly !

Zeyher 1777, contains also S. venustulus be? S. Saviit mixed. In the

tangled Capiliney roots of S. bulbiferus are included (both in mgt ws Berlin

Herbaria) bulbils 2 in. long, ellipsoid, shining cat these

specimen of 1777 are not attached to ~ Sci — The ‘bu Ibils in tba "Berlin

maaan = 1777 look the same, and do appear to be Cy peracesus, S. bulbi-

erus, therefore, if distinct from 0: eek must stand on its slenderness,

Gade. meee and narrow nut.

16. S. tenuis Se aee in pie 1829, i, Beil. 12); glabrous, slender,

annual ; stems tufted, 2-4 i n. long, capillary, w with 1

the length of the stem, capillary ; spikelet + by ;'; in., narrow-

eylindrie, "10-15- flowered ; bracts 0, i.e. lowest alume, though usually

empty, hardly different from the others ; flower- -glumes broad-elliptie,

obtuse, not keeled, broadly green on “the back, marked with red

towards the edges ; Margins narrowly scarious; stamens often 2;

style linear, shorter than the nut, branches 3 an long as the style ;

nut sessile, oblong, slightly wider at the top, trigonous, black, but

covered with one layer of marcescent white glistening subpapillose

cells in regular lines. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 478, not of Willd.

sae tenuis, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 15; Nees in Linnea, vill. 79 ;

x. 148; Kunth, Enum, ii. 190. I. pusilla, Kunth, Enum. ii. 190.

I. atro-pur ‘purea, Nees in Linnea, vii. 495 ; not of Roem. et Schult,

OUTH AFRICA: ! cey, 3

Coast ote Worsentee Dae sor gopen cathy 3000-4000 ft.,

Drége, 7413!

va 17. §, ringing Sas Enum. ii, 245); glabrous, small, tufted,

“nual; stems 2-7 in. long, slender, with 3-1 (rar rely 4 4) spikelets ;

leaves setaceous, 13 in, long, usually much shorter than the stem ;

spikelets tot in. long, ovoid, 6-20-flowered, pale or chestnut-red,

Sometimes elongated, or with a cylindric sterile top; lowest glume

often bract- like, suberect, longer than the spikelet which then appears

lateral; glumes ovate, har ‘dly ‘keeled or acute ; hypogynous bristles 0 ;

stamens 32 ; anthers not crested ; style linear, glabrous, ardly

80 long as the nut, branches 3 linear, longer than the style ; nut

ined. 2 the length of the glume, obovoid, obtuse, trigonous, smooth,

iW, becoming on the ripe nut inflated, white, and scarious (so that

the nut is described sub-tubercular white), finally breaking up in their

Centres (when the nut is described as porose). S. Savit, Sebast. et

faurt, Prod. Fl. Rom. 22: ; Sowerby, Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2782.

S. selaceus, Lies. - herb. propr. et Ment. $21 (not Sp. Plant. oo. 2, ge ;

B partly, ae y. he olepis a dy R. Br. et od. 22 2: cf. Schad Anal

eg. ii. Vege 62 ; Schrad. Anal. Fi Cav. 16 in note, $15 “fg. 2. ;

L py a, Kunth, Hee 1 Lek... L, shlorestachs ya, Nees in Linnea,

ix. 201; 3 x. 149. I. microcarpa, Nees in Linnea, x. 150; Kunth,

Enum, ii, 214, J. paces Kunth, poi ii, 193.

220 cYPERACK& (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

Var. A, subtilis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and preg ie yaa 1. Afr. v.

619); stems and vRisigh oo spikelet often very 8. tein

var. B capillaris, Boeck. nea, xxxvi, 481. Is leis pn Kunth, Enu

ii. 191 partly. I. truant. Ne in Linnea, ix. 291; Zeyher in Linnea, xx

247.

iain AFRICA: without locality, Zcklon, 892! Wallich! Var. 8, Bergius,

fun Recion: Cape Div.; Lion Mountain, Mund, 24! Cape dear Zeyher,

a: near Cape = n, Ru ntze, 295! Rehman, nae 1799! Robertson

3; Cogmans Kloof, K untze, 293! Mossel Bay Div.; hills near i landing

ares at Mossel Bay, Dacche 6287! a ‘Blizal e ah Div.; near Port Elizn-

heth, an 100 ft., Dre Albany Div.; damp places at the foot a ‘Bothas

Hill, 200 , MacOwan 1269 ! Fort Beaufort Div.; Kat River, Baur! Kin

Wiliamstow,D Yellowwood River, 1000-2000 tt, Drége, 4375! Sueur

; Blesbok read 3000-4000 ft., Drege! Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, Baur!

r. B, aarl Div.; between Paarl and Lady Grey Bridge, below 1000 ft.,

Droge ! Swellendam Div.; Zeyher! Uitenhage Div.; in the Zwartkops River

Ecklon and Zeyher, 643! Komgha Div.; Gonubie River, 2000 ft., Sc hlechter,

6142!

CENTRAL ReGIon: Somerset Div. ; us of Bosch Berg, 4500 f-., hah a

2118! Var. 8, Aliwal North; Witte B g, 5000-6900 fe. , Drege, T4ll

WestERN RrGton: Litt ealeasesten. Drege, 7 417!

-oponiirag irene Pricyal Rehmann!

TERN ReGIon: Tembulaud; Be Bee 2000 ft. , Baur, 757! Natal, Krauss!

on ar Natal ; Sa, 2000 ft , Woo Oe S575

Common in all warm and temperate oom except in South-east Asia.

18. S. subprolifer (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 492) ; stems 4—7 in.

long, capillary, straight, black in drying, with 3-1 ie spikelets ;

eaves short ; spikelets small; otherwise as S. cernuus, Vahl, and its

var. subtilis,

Soutu AF i utes Lgites Harvey !

EastERN REGION: urd, AQ2 !

This is hardly Pr ea ous ; as in some other allied 5 ar 9 the spikelets rey

in fruit, and from the 1 o r2r riper spikelets in the head the lower glum tall,

giving the se tise hats of a 5 d of 1 sessil 1 ey? d spi ote. 3. ps

prolifer way be esteemed a for 8. ce : , Vahl; 2 ye wea

examples (as also its var. subtilis) have usually but one io ig while the stems

are curved, and green when dry. S. su prolifer is very like in colour and inflores-

nee to 8. sake in which, however, the stems are bikes than in strong

S. cernu

19. §. rivularis (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 504); rootstock

weak, often decumbent, rooting; stems 2-12 in. long, usually

thicker than in S. cernuus, weak, flaccid, usually drying black;

nut minutely apiculate ; otherwise as S. cernuus. S. natans, Thunb.

A 17; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 95 2; Spreng. in Flora, i 1829, i. Beil.

2, not of Griseb. S. setaceus var. , Spreng. in Flora, 1829, i. 145 partly.

tse rivularis, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 19, t. 1, fig. 5; Kunth,

n 94. I. palustris, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 17, t. 1, fig. 7 3 Nees

in eaten viii. 80. J. pallida, Nees in Linnea, viii. ’s1, t. 3, fi9, 2,¢7

x. 153; Kunth, Enum. ii. 195. I.n natans, Distr. Sp. "Pl. ii , 1062;

Nees in | Linnea, vii. 497, exel. var. B; viii. 80; x. 151, ae ‘gyn. R.

Br.

wee

— = 37 —©- 2e oa .

ae ee

fee Fi.

Seirpus.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 221

tse Arrica: without locality, Thunberg; Zeyher, 345! Wallich! Petit

Thowar . “TC ee :

Font REGIon: Cape gs 3; Table baie Ecklon, 878! Alexandria

Div.; hcehbang Hottimanns Kloof and ~~ Fontei 1000-2000 TE, Drege, 7410!

Alban Phasing ta ds Pusat 584!

Caienas, Ree GION: Somerset Div. ; sg i places on the summit of Bosch Berg,

; 742!

VESTERN REGION : Little Namaqual: and; Kamies Bergen, near Ezels Fontein

and at Rood — , 3500- 4000 tt., Drége, 2 163 ! :

E Easvern Kee : Natal; Inanda, Wood, 227! Umzeni River, Rehmann,

453 !

This appears to creep on mud or on the margin of water. The whole plant,

and ma spikelets, are blacker than S. cernur

20. S. karroicus (C. B. Clarke in Durand and aa Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 624); glabrous, small, tufted, annual; stems 3in. long,

ee Nie 1-3 spikelets ; loaves hardly 2 = in een setaceous ;

spikelet in. ass ovoid, 6-1 2- acne straw- coloured ; ulewens

curved sich: nut lest than half the Shiels of the fret trigonous,

ellipsoid, pyramidal at both ends sessile, black, smooth ‘(an less

highly magnified) ; outermost cells longitudinally vrei: so that the

aut oe magnified) has faint Bae thank wavy line

Cen REGIon: Worcester near Constable, mr so in Herd.

Bolus, S811! Karioo; Witte Berg, Past Krantz, Paieaake! 2882 !

This resembles §. cer nuus, Vi _s the eurved points of the glume sticking out

si the spikelets on all sides give it a different appearance; the structure of the

8 quite diverse from that of S. Ears

New, in x eile x; 57: Kunth, Enum. ii.

Sour Arrica: without locality, Dréje ! Ecklon and Bei 91!

No specimen in the Kew Herbarium.

This differs from 8. cernuus, Vahl, by want of leaves ; while the plant is too

Strong for g. venustulus, nor has it the Ficinia-like habit and glumes of 8.

venustulus,

brags = ages (C. B. Clarke in yee ane es Ht

33); small, glabrous, annual ; stem 1-31 ong

Setaceous, ae Bes spikelets ; leaf hardly } in. on setaceous, spike-

let fin. long, oblong-ellipsoid, many-flowered ; bract shorter i the

‘plkelet ; ; glumes reli striate, ak elie ve hehe 3-tid ; nut + the

length of the

~ Cernuus pare sacks ysperma, aes 3s in a Tita 2 a 152 ; Kunth,

Enum. ii. . Scirpus setaceus, Boeck: in Linnea, xxxvi. 501, so far

“ regards syn. Isolepis trach) ycarpa, Boeck. (error for trachysperma).

222 cyperace® (Clarke). [ Setrpus.

Sourn AFRICA: without locality, Drege? Burmann ! Ecklon and Zeyher, 48:

No specimen in the Kew Herbarium.

This may be made a var. of S. cernuus, Vahl.

23. S. ee (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fi. Afr, v 629) ; Saige ee branching, very slender, but be-

coming almost woody; at 1-3 in. long, flattened, broader (as is

also the bract) than in Sc cernuus ; spikelets ovoid, broader than those

of S. cernuus, brightly coloured brown-red and green; otherwise as

S. cernuus, Vahl.

CENTRAL REGION: Fraserburg Div. ; by the Dwaal River, Burchell, 1475

Papas HARI REGION: Bechuanaland; Moshowa River, near Takun, Paes

4, 8. ay capes (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. ; glabrous, slender, tufted, annual ; stems 5-8 in.

long, sooty straight, black when dried, carrying 1-10 spikelets,

sessile in one head ; leaves hardly any ; uppermost leaf-sheath some-

what inflated, produced lanceolate on one side ; spikelets 7'5 by vg in,

minutely apiculate ; nut + the length of the glume, sessile, broad-

ie — bl: ack, outermost “cells nearly quadrate, so that the

nut looks “ punctate ” ing gular rows ; style linear, shorter than the

nut, aetna 3 linear, one than the style.

EasterRN ReGion: Griqualand East; streams near Clydesdale, Tyson, 2861!

oA 25. S. incomtulus (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 693); glabrous, slender,

prot annual ; stems 1-3 in. long, carrying 2-7 spikelets sessile. in

Nees in Linnea, ix. 291; x. 154; aeuey Enum. ii. 1 :

Echinidium, Nees in Linnea, ix, 291; x. 155; Kunth, Enum. il.

96. J. exilis, Nees in Linnea, i ¥x. 291 . 147; Kunth, Enum. il.

8 ane heey unthiana, Steud. Syn. PL Gn. He Oe bergiana, é,

slit Pflanzengeogr. Doceononts 101,

South Arrica: hy tes ee — ! ~ wk ! Bergius, 151! Lalande,

362! Pectoantars ! Ecklo 7, 47

Coast He « Clavel liam’ Div. 3. Ome Berg: gen, rong fos le Bergen,

subquadrate inconspicuous ; style-branches 3. Js solepis se

96.

500 ft., Scilechter, 8210! one sbi J Div.; between e Kloof and

eee Bay, below 500 ft. Drege! Cape Div.; near ti Harvey!

2 T

een Kops and False Bay, Schlechter, 432! Devils i ctanigits Rehmann,

! Paarl Div.; Klein Drakenstein Mountains and Dal Josephat, below 1000 ft.

—, ~ oH Symes =

Riggs ss e

ee ee ee ee ee ae es ae a es — ee

eee ae ee ee

Scirpus. | CYPERACEE® (Clarke). 223

iv 26. S. expallescens (Boeck. in Linnwa, xxxvi. 509) ; seine

rather slender ; rhizome very slender, pale, descending ; stems appro

overtopping the inflorescence ; glumes be hag obtuse ; sacar ous

bristles 0 ; style-branches 3; nut 1 the length of the ae ellipsoid,

trigonous, smooth. Isolepis expallescens, Kunth, Enum. ii. 196.

Nt N: Victoria West Div.; Nieuw Veld, between the Brak

River ¢ nt eng 3090-4000. Pg Drege, 7415! Graaff Baie Div.; Sneeuw

Berg Hanne, 4000- 5000 ft., Dré

we 27. S. antarcticus (Linn. an oe my not of Thunb.) ; ponte.

il at stem 5-10 in. long in the type form of Lin nne

feontscr'y 38) hag leaves often ie e lengt of the fae

glumes often 3-ranked or the tae nearly 2-ranked, rigid, keeled,

ovate, tip triangular or amet pointed, back curved, each side with

4-6 curved lines, yellow, with a larger or smaller chestnut- red patch

hear the top; hypogynous bristles 0; stamens 3, anthers linear-

oblong, scarcely apiculate ; nut 3 the length of the ‘glume, ellipsoid,

than the inflorescence ; ee 2 ny ry in., po not terete ;

A f ulat

cells short, longitudinal-oblong, more or less inflated ; style linear,

nearly as long as the nut, branches 3 longer than the style.

S, EC oratgt Spreng. Syst. i. 212; Steud. in : Flora, 1839, 3. 119;

n Linnea, xxxvi. 693. S. setaceux, Thunb. Prod. 17;

i, Cap. ed, Schult. 95. 8S. setaceus vur. Steud. in Flora, 1829, i.

145 partly. 8. ficiniefornvis, Bueck. ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and

‘chine, Conspect. Fl, Afr. v. 611. Isolepis beryiana, Schultes in Roem.

4 pci Syst. Veg. ii. Mant. 532; Nees in Linnwa, vii. 500; viii.

291; Kunth, Enum. ii. 194; Boeck. in Flora, 1860, 33.

I. ae Neesi in Linnea, vii. 499, viii. 80, in Obs. t. 3, fig. 2b;

x. 152

iy minutus, Roth, Nov ye $a fe av Linna Vii 5 3.

rothianus, Roem. et Sellt S2 cee Veg. ii. Mant. 95; Kunth,

Batt ii. 25 ; ef. Boeck. in Flora, 1860, 33. Ficinia antarctica,

Drege in Linnea, xx. 249.

hah Te without locality, R. pdeigege'd Drége, 1599! 7418! 61 able

and Z, 6! 37! Harvey, 344! 348! 373! 376! MacGillivray, 426 _ eek ‘on

meee $9 50! Belen. 912! 17081 Bolus, 5272! Mund and Maire!

bi ape EGION; Clanwilliam Div.; Ebenezer, below 100 ft., Drege! noe

Ecklon ear Cape Town, Thunbe erg, arom, 190! Pappe! Table Mountain,

ae: a gardens and roadsides, Ecklon, 8791! Wynberg Sand Flats, Bolus

i aedale

(224 cyperace® (Clarke). i

gs Ss tee

ontagu Pass, H v.53

Kromme River Heights, Bolus, 1339! Po : Meche Ba. E.S.C.A. Herb.,

196! Albany Div.; near Howisons Poort, 1800 ft., MacOwan, 1353! Cathcart

Div.; Blesbok Flats, 3000-1000 ft., Drége !

Also in St. Helena, Extra-Tropical Australia and New Zealand.

Swsess es e.e

x 28. 8. dregeanus (C. B. Clarke); stems 1-1} in. long; glumes

0 vol

examples of S. antarcticus, Linn. Isvlepis bergiana, Drege, Pflun-

peso Documente 120.

REGION: Caledon Div.! Genadendal, and by the Zonder Einde

ane hea 1000 ft., Dréye

fe)

sani

[=]

_—!

<co

Sel

“9a

—

® 0

eae

)

baat

S tse 3- oo = S F<

29. S. flaccifolius (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, ii. 83 char. emended) ;

erie stems 6-20 in. long, emaqrate weak, thickened; oblongatthe — 3

b y the leaf- sheaths, with 0 ea of 4— | spikelets ; ‘ leaves often — a

paey nos bristles 0; stamens ; nut + the leneth of the pir

7 sive length of the nut, aa 8 lone. linear, gr oe 8

ip.

I. ? dissoluta, Kunth, Enum. ii. 219. Scheenus aggregatus, Spreng:

in Flora, 1829, i, Beil. 12, not of Thunb. Eleogiton digitatus, —)

ee in Linnea, ix. 291; x. 163. E. dissolutus, Nees in Linnea,

291. E. rubieundus var. B, Nees in Linnea, x. 164, fide

oe E. longifoliua, Nees in Linnea, ix. 291; x.164. Eleocharis

aig Reichenb. ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Ll. Afr. 23

]

)

Soura A¥FRica: without locality, Zeyher, 338! Ecklon and Zeyher, 54 57.

Coast Rectox: Worcester Div; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-8000 ft., Drége!

Drakehatein pia Ping 1000-2000 ft., Drége! and without peer’ locality,

Zeyher! Caledon Div.; s ubmersed in the Palmiet Bie, Houw Hoek Moun-

tains, Burchell, 8077! Riversdale Div. ; “ the waterfall in “ Valley Rivers

Poort, ” near Kampsche Berg rake ll, 7033

stipes ane — a Ui ‘Aaceifoius” in — See to which they

( le. As their criptions are sufficient, but

raiealiy akwenes some will pues to call this sleske S. use Boeck.

30. S. membranaceus (Thunb. Prod. 17); coat except the

minutely ciliate margins of glumes; rhi thick, a | :

zontal, woody; stems 1-2 ft. long, approximate n the rhizom

eta ala cee scenes

Scirpus.) CYPERACEH (Clarke). 225

uppermost sheath 1-3 in. long, rigid, narrow, abisoet trigonous in

cross-section napa 5- . in. long occur at the base of the hanents

ivikcietl up to 1 iy a in., always Lak ellipsoid-cylindric, obtuse,

cies dense, hide glumes enone. flat on the back, with a

crested ; nut scarcely 4 the per: f the glume, obovoid, plane-

convex, brown , smooth ; style hardly any, branches 3 long ere

Fl. Cap. ed. Sch hult. 98 ; ‘gt an ‘Linnea, Xxxvi. 695; Benth.

Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl 1051. Isolepis membranacea, ae

in Linnea, Bg: 291; 159. Ficinia membranacea, Kun

Enum. ii, 2 2 (exclu. Seirus bp omi Thunb.). Hollmuthin

opis Seas Syn. Pl. Glum

AFRICA: pene locality, oe Brossard ! Ecklon, 1903! 1904!

done Tien and Zeyher, 66

Coast Region: Malme:bury Div. ; sand dunes near Groene Kloof, 300 ft.

Bolus, 4857! Drage 43 | .; Cape Flats at Doorn Hoogte, Ze, yher,

5s ape Div

1775! damp cag places rng Retreat soe hora tig: 30 ft., Bol us, 7187 !

al Bay Di sand dunes in Fish Bay, b 00 ft., oe 3943 ! KKnysua

iv.

'V.5 near the a end of Alb Vallei, Paints 5645

This is so remarkable a plant that there can be no qu pawns — that ng

3943, is merely a form of it where the “ ict peg

e ee 0 that

- littora ad.

ag flattened down ; so that weak flowers may be expected to show a 2-

Style: the “hk seems to mea Hu-Scirpus, near 8. Mitoralis, Schrad., rather

than an Isolep

ot 8. yemies asi Deser. et Ic. 52, t. 8, fig. 3); eps:

rainy in m., horizontal, woody ; stems 1-3 ft. ong,

though a continuation of hee ate with the oad nae soikeleks

often 50-80 in Pal Ri d, 2 by ~ in any-flo a 2 mes

broad-ovate, not nate; eee tiilos 0: stamens 3,

anthers hardly cae poe less than 2 the length of the glume,

obovoid, trigoncus, trown. smooth ; style linear, hardly so long as

hut, branches 3 Tiseos ‘Tonks oeck. in Linnea, XXXVli. 718.

Fimbristylis textilis, Beatson, S. Helena 309. Asvlepis nodosa, i,

7. Prod. 221; Nees in Flora 1828, 296; Linritta, x. 159; Kunth,

Enum, ij, 199. Holoschenus nodosus, Dietr. Sp. i li. 165.

Sourn !

Coasr i cn ap meg agg: Us ae Burchaly 85 850! marshy places on

Xn Flats, nea e , 3308! Botany near C he

sen age Uitenhage Tics wear tha tie outh of the Van — pos

shag hl the — of the Sian er River, Ecklon and Zeyher

226 cyperace® (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

Katauari Reeion : Orange Free State, Rehmann, 3557 !

Also in the islands of St. cide and St. Paul, Temperate Australia, New

Zealand, and Temperate S. Amer

na outermost layer of round bowseoual cells) 5 otherwise as S. nodosus, \

ottb. Isolepis diceca, Kunth, Enum. ii. 199, not of Steud.

AR: B, macrocephala (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 720); stem enely 3 lin. in

pbs 3 hea d 2 in, in diam. with 90 spikelets ; spikelets 1 by 3;

, but the head Take

in ripe nuts.

Soime ieee Clanwilliam a

CreNnTRAL REGION: Micravsiers bin, Tieateadle Kraal, near Murraysburg,

4000 ft., Tyson! Graaf Reinet Div.; ba nke of the Sunday River, 2500 ft., i il

713! Miwa North Div. ; wea oe ‘Aliwal North and te Kraai River, 4500 ft

Drége ; Colesberg Div., Sha

ESTERN ReGton: Esti Samagualan near the hi ing arte Orange River,

below 600 ft., Drége! Var. B, Gre amaqualand, Wan

ALAHARI REGION: Polisi te est; Herbert tenis on fe Lower Camp-

bell, Burchell, 1814! Hay Division at Griqna Town, Burchell, 1874! Orange

Free State; Hexnots Fontein, Rehmann, 35 57! and without precise locality,

Buchanan, 91

Also in jal Africa,

This species is distinct from S. nodosus, Rottb., a Soares 4 allied to it. The

plant collected by Zeyher at “ Clanw illiam ” and dist d by Reichenb. f. as

“ Holoschenus nodos sus, A. Dietr.” is Scirpus diecus, aes

re 33. S. prolifer (Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 55, t. 17, fg. 2); glabrous ;

rhizome hardly any, or short oblique descending, n t thic rk; ; stems

8-30 in. long, leafless, each bearing one (very often eobtearte head,

in thi i a

every head,” oe many- owered ; glumes ovate, obtuse ; hypo-

tam

nut less than half the fetigth of the glume, broad, ovoid, pie rte:

brown, smooth ; style-branches 3, long. Boeck. in Linnwa, xxXV}

692. Cyperus punctatus, Lam. Til. i. 144. ©. prolifer, Thunb.

Prod. 18 partly ; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 99; Steud. in Flora, 1829,

150 chiefly. Jsolepis prolifer, R. Br. Prof 223; Nees i Flvra,

1828, 294; Linnea, vii. 493; x. 158; Kunth, Berni ii. 2

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Roxburgh ! Thom! Miller! Chamisso, 219!

Wallich!

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Thunberg, Rehmann, 1791!

Scirpus. ] cyperaces® (Clarke). 227

Cape Flats, near Rondebosch, Burchell, 176! Table Mountain, Ecklon, 892!

893! 895! Milne , 2385! MacGillivray, 419! Drége; Botany Bay, mena wah

ynbers. below 500 ft., Drége, 142; Paarl Div.; by the Berg River

500 ft. UO is.

oof and Dri 00 ft., D

V.; in the bed of the Vans Stadens River, MacOwan, 2052! A Abas Div. ;

Assegai Bosch, near Si veh Burchell, 4174! near Grahamstown, 2000 ft.,

MaeOwan, 1885! Schoenta

Kaanarr REGION : poem Free State, Buchanan, 85!

Eastern ogi Natal; Inanda, Wood, 223; "1049! 1608! ma arshy flat

between Umlaas River and Durban Bay , Krauss, 190! and without sida

locality, Gaevard. 490! Buchanan, 322! 33LP CST

Also found in St. Helena, Extra-tropical Australia and New Zealand.

topping ae sa te pied at in. "long eanrs? many-

flowered ; glumes ovate, broadly white-scarious-margined at the top,

ghibrous hypogynows bristles 0; stamens 3 ; anthers linear-oblong,

crested; nut 2 the length of the glume, ovoid, trigonous, pyramidal at

the top, smooth, leaden-black ; style shorter than the nut, branches

¢. Hiteseates Thun 1b. fide oF, all, Maes ii. 299 an Spreng.

Syst. 1. 315, but the name las not been ell Isolepis Thane ‘gt,

Schrad. Anal Fl. Cap. 22; Nees in Linnea, viii. 85; x. 160.

I. thunbergiana, Nees in Linnea, ie ee Ku nth, Enum. ii. 200.

Holoschenue ’ Thunber git, Dietr. Sp. P. 4

Sourn Arnica: without locality, Zeyher / hiikiigaer Harvey, 378!

Coase Region: J Malmesbury Div. ; Bachmann, 1608! Cape She et places

near Cape Town, Bu chell, 685! Bolus, 3310! Sousphily 1780 , Sttlenboseh

Div., Zeyher ! age Div. ; 8 oogt

et Port Elizabeth Div the coast, E.S.C.4. Herb., 173! Bathurst

V.! near Theopolis, Bure io 1070! Komy tin. Divs; marshy places near the

moat of f the Kei River, Flanagan, 1779

35. the Burkei (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr, 618); glabrous; stems 11 —25 ft. long , slender, wiry, smooth,

obscurely 3—5-gonous at th top ; leaves atl near the base of the

vents brae 8, long, over-topping =e eae similar to the

eaves ; spikelets 320 in a globose head, 1 by +; in., dense ; glumes

ovate, acute ; hypogynous Teistlen 0; stamens. 2; ; Seaere persistent,

"idea what elongate ; ; anthers linear-oblong, crested ; style hardly any,

tanches 3 linear, ‘lo ong; nut small, apes unequally trigonous,

apiculate, ultimately nearly black, oth. S. 8 chinzianus, oeck.

& C. B. Clarke in Durand and Res. pein Fl, Afr. v. 618.

Soury APRIOCA: without locality, Zeyher, 1 766! 1767!

Q 2

228 cyPerace® (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

ALAHARI Re@ion: Orange Free State; Caledon River, Burke, 231! a i

without precise pio Buchanan, 95! Basutoland; Leribe, ~ielogyrt: 150!

‘Transvaal ; Magali s Berg, Burke! Joanne E. 8.C. A. He erb., 366! and

36. S. supinus (Linn. ‘Sp. Plant. ed. 2, 73) var. leucosperma

(C. B. Clarke); glabrous, annual; stems tufted, 1-6 in. long, terete,

with one lateral head of 3-1 spikelets ; leaves 3 in. long, linear;

aa ney as long as ths nut, branches 3 ata than the style.

ber. st. 4.

Brock in ‘Abhondl Ver. Prandenb, xxix. 40. te olepis supina, R. Br.

rar, leucosperma, Nees ex Drége, Zwei Pflanzen geogr. oe 195.

ast Ru ager Seren Div. ; Ebenezer, by the Oliphants River, below

10 rs fh bg

WESTERN Nok, Great Namaqualand’; Fish River, Schinz, 379!

37. 8. quinquefarius (Hamilt. ex Boeck in Linnea, xxxvi. 701);

pinprous; annual; stems 4-10 in. long baie apie ea 8 continuous

leaves hardly any ; bracts 2, lower e sect 2 —]5 in. Nea as though -

continuation of th ; spikelets ri by + in or cinnamon-

coloured ; glumes broad-ovate, hardly acute; hypogynous bristles 0

(or uncertain rudiments) ; nut } the length the glume, broadly

versely wavy owing to the small longitudinally-oblong outermos

cells ; style 3—fid. C. B. Clarke in Hook. 7. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 657.

S. rehmannianus, Boeck. ex 0. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

pte Fl. Afr. v v, 629. Factepis lupulina, Nees in Wight, Contrib. 107 ; ;

cleha

cs Ria ReGion: Transvaal; Boshveld, towards M‘Cabes Vliey, Rehman”,

147!

ets in Tropical Africa, West Asia, and India.

. §. articulatus (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 2, 70) ; glabrous, annual ;

stems tufted, 4-12 in. long, nae usually pseudoseptate when dry, with

one lateral dense head of 4— Y pale-brown spikelets; leaves hardly

stem; spikelets } by 3 in., very obtuse (in the Cape form); rere

nearly hemispheric, neither pointed nor keeled ; hypogynous brist

stamens 3 ; anthers oblong-linear, not crest ted ; nut less than + the

length of the glume, ovoid, subequally triquetrous, nearly bl lack,

strongly transversely wrinkled; style nearly as long as the nut,

Brit. Ind. vi. 656. Isolepis articulata, Nees in Wight, Contr ab. “108:

Kunth, Fram. i. 198. Is senegalensis, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 96-

Scirpus.] CYPERACER (Clarke). 229

oo ReGion: Transvaal; Boshveld, towards M‘Cabes Viey, Rehmann,

Also in Tropical Africa, the Mascarene Islands, India, Malaya, and North

Australia,

The Cape specimen is the form senegalensis, Steud., in which the glumes and

spikelets are very obtuse; in the abundant Indian “type” form the glumes ar

somewhat acute.

39. 8. varius (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect, FI.

Afr. v. 634) ; glabrous ; rhizome becoming woody ; stem 20 in. Jong,

imgonous at the top, smooth, with one compound dense head (a

™m

[= i

La!

[ad

| 3

f=]

“

lard

St)

Loa

aC)

—

(ois)

fe)

cr]

fae)

pCAtAHARL Region: Basutoland; Leribe, Buchanan, 225! Transvaal ;

retoria, at Apies Poort, Rehmann, 4036! Houtbosch, Reh nann, 5635!

Peis is remarkable by the heads being densely echinate from the long points

of the glumes, It does not appear allied to any other Scirpus, except S.

Mexicanus, Britton.

40. §. corymbosus (Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 28); glabrous; rhizome

short; stems 2-3 ft. long

. 18. ;

ently a continuation of stem, 1-6 in. ong; spikelets clustered, } by

rown ; glumes boat-shaped, ovate, acute, entire; hypo-

sYnous bristles 0; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, crested ; nut

*ss than 2 the length of the glume, ovoid, trigonous, pyramidal-

top ped, black, smooth, obscurely transversely wavy-lined. Boeck.

Be te xxxvi. T06; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.

‘.

ole

_—

pau

KaLanart Region: Transvaal; Matebe River, Holub!

Also in Tropical Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.

J 41. §. ficinioides (Kunth, Enum. ii. 172); glabrous; roots fibrous

de Kunth; stems 6-10 in. long, slender, tough ; leaves all basal,

*pparently lateral head, 1 by 3; in., black-red ; lower bract as though

4 Continuation of stem, 2-4 in. long; g te

obtuse, black-red, with yellowish keel, and pale-red longitudinal

Aa Sc hypogynous bristles 6 or 5, much longer than the young

abla” slender, white, retrorsely scabrous ; stamens 3; anthers linear-

3 ng apiculate ; style linear, longer than the young ovary, branches

2s ns than the style. S. Kunthii, Boeck. in Linnea,

” oo

230 CYPERACER (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

Coast Reaion : Stockenstrom Div. ; Kat Berg, 4500 ft., Drege, 3937! 3938!

This le He all the appearance of a Ficinia ; Drége’s examples are so very

young that ing can be said about the gynophore or the nut. But as authors

do not admit st species with ee bristles into Ficinia ; both Kunth and

Boeckeler keep this in Scirpus.

42. S. falsus (C. B. Clarke); glabrous; rhizome woody ; stems

8 in. long, tufted, trigonous at the top, smooth, with one aan

lateral head ; leaves onger than the stem, terete, hardly 7

broad immediately above the stout sheath ; ‘bracts 3- 4, lowest yee

erect, 3 in. long, dilated at the base similar ‘to the leaves : head + in.

in diam. and upwards, made up of several heads of small spikelets,

lowest sometimes 5}; in. distant; glumes boat-shaped, ovate, acute,

bright-red, with paler longitudinal striations ; hypogynous bristles 6,

longer than the ek antrorsely seabrous, white ; stamens 3 ; anthers

Linear-oblong, er ted ; young nut ovoid, triquetrous, pyramidal at both

ends, nearly ssi style short, branches 3 (in upper weak flowers

air 2) linear long.

Bh ope yl Recion: Basutoland; ‘Mont aux Sources, 9500 ft., Flanagan,

010! 20

43. 8. triqueter (Linn. Mant. 29); glabrous, stoloniferous ; stem

gy, nearly leafless, triquetrous at the top, with 1 Jateral

head, or a simple umbel of heads; lowest bract as though a econtinua-

of the stem, triquetrous, 1-3 in. long, acute; spikelets 3-10, up

1 by + in. , cylindric, obtuse, brown ; glumes ovate, scarious at the

a notched, ee a minute hrintla § in the - notch ; hy pogynous bristles

3—4 (or 6), often overtopping the nut, dark brown, obscurely scabrous ;

stamens 3 ; anthers linear-oblong, not crested ; nut more than } the

length of te feaes, obovoid, much dorsally compressed, pale, finally

brown, smo oth; style shorter than the nut, branches 2 long,

sparingly papillose, slightly fusiform. Sover by, Eng. Bot. t. “

Kunth, Enum. ii. 163; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

658. 8S. Pollichii, Gren. et Godr. Fl. France, iii. 374; Boeck. ‘a

Linnea, xxxvi. 711.

CENTRAL REGION: Div. ; near hot springs, Cooper, 1371!

KALAHARI Keeron: Griqualand West ; Bluems Fontein, ps chell, 2641 !

_ files in Europe and Asia,

The South African ea have only a single lateral head ; S. mucronatus,

Linu., differs by its 3-fid style and pointed, less-brown spikelets.

- 44, §. paludicola (Kunth, Enum. ii. 163); glabrous ; rhizome

woody, not thick ; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, terete, 6 slender, not

transversely septate ; leaves hardly any, mareckinane i: ate

st bract as though a continuation of the stem, 1-6 in. long ;

heads ; spikelets 2-10 together, + by =4, in., chestnut-brown ; glumes

boat-shaped, ovate, acute, entire ; hypogynous bristles 5-6, as long

as the nut in the typical S, paludicola, fewer, slender, imperfect,

hardly scabrid, or rarely 0 in the form pada (sp.) Nees ; nut

Scirpus. | CYPERACES (Clarke). 231

hardly 3 the length of the glume ovoid, triquetrous, pyramidal at each

end, smooth or nearly so, shining black when 1i ipe; style linear,

rather shorter than the nut, branches 3 linear, as long as the style.

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 703. Scirpus pulchellus, Boeck. in Linnea,

XXXVv1, 698, Isolepis paludicola, Kunth, Enum. ii.198. I. decipiens,

Nees in Linnea, ix. 291; x. 157; e Coat. Enum, ii. 198. Hicinia

, ney Kunth, Enum. 11.261; C.B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz,

aly et — v. 641. Schcenoplectus paludicola, Palla in Eng.

Saish. x,

TH AFRICA: without — Drége, 3959! 4426! MacOwan, 1743!

abi 8621! Boiv _ ! Ecklon and am her 59!

Coasr Rxoxon : Swellendam wn 7, 4386! Alexandria Div.; between

Enon and Bushmans eae below 300 th eat Bathurst Div. ; near Fish

River, belo ‘ bi Willia 7 iv.; near Toise River

Station, 3700 ft., Kuntze, 278! near King Williamstown, Kuntze, 277 ! mgh

» 2000 ola is “s Catheart Div.; Bles ts, )

*eye ; Queenstown etween Tabl et anor and Wildschuts Berg,

4000 oe Drég oF ties. "3500 - Baur, 778! Bathurst, 1000 ft., Drége, eat: !

RAL bras 2 he Beanfor t West Div. ; between renga West and Khinoster

ne "2500-30 000 fi., Drage! Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, 2000 fe, MacOwan,

A 't., Dré

Kea ceil nyds : Orange Fre es Buchanan, 163

Eas N Ree : Griqualand bei: 3 wet places around Cly desdale, 2500 ft.,

oncn,| 2600 ! Natal, ‘Buchanan, 357 !

Also in Madagascar.

tt 8. lacustris (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. 2, 72); glabrous ib the

stems 2-6 ft. long, terete or somewhat

tinuation of the stem 1-3 in. g; inflorescence lateral, umbel

simple or compound ; spikelets clustered or solitary, 5 by 3—% in.

rown 5 glumes ovate, coneave, keeled, top scarious, emarginate,

minutelv hairy, with often a minute point in the notch ; hypogynous

bristles 6-5, us long as the nut, retrorsely scabrous, often reduced,

regular, phat ; stamens 3; aaties linear-oblong, ‘hardly crested ;

hut more than 1 the length of the glume, obovoid, dorsally compressed,

smooth, es finally brown ; : style n early as long as the nut, branches

3 or 2 s long as the style Somer, me "Bot. t. 666 ; Kunth,

Baum. aL 164; Boeck. in Linnea, 713. OP. Clarke in

Hook. F. Fi. Br. tad pe 658, s. ‘Tderwbae. Gmel. Fl.

Badens, i - 101; Kunth, Enum. ii. 164

oo ARI Rxee@ton: Griqualand West; Hay Peace, at Bloems Fontein,

wrchell, 2642! Orange Free State, Buchanan, 94! 275

Found in nearly all warm and temperate regions, ak South America.

7 46. 8. littoralis (Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 142, t. 5, fig. 7); glabrous

except ih glumes; rhizome horizontal ; stems 1-4 ft. Jong, trigo-

ion of the stem, 1-3 in. long; umbel lateral, usually eompound ;

Spikelets solitary. by 4-2 in, pale brown; Pease ovate, tip

note hinl % in the

hed inly as. with often a small m notch ;

232 cyperacem® (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

: 1 tf

Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 659. 8S. subulatus, Vahi, Enum. ii. 268 ; Boeck. m

Linnea, xxxvi. 715. 8. triqueter’, Gren. et Godr bs France. fil. o¢ a3

Boeck, in Linnwa, xxxvi 716; not of Linn. 8. Pterolepis, Kunth,

Enum, ii. 166; Pterolepis seirpoides, Schrad. sie Fl. Cap. 30.

Malacochute Pierolepiz, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292; x. 184.

outa ArRica: without locality, Drége, 2451! 7401! Verreaua! Bolus!

Zeyher, 5s a

Coast Cape Div.; Salt River, Burchell, 694! Uitenhage Div.;

Por hg feee, law 100 ft., Drége! Harvey,

WESTERN REGION en Namaqualand ; near the mouth of the Orange River,

EASTERN KFGION: Natal; 8 salt marshes at the mouth of the Umlaas River,

Krauss, 23! Umgeni River, in a swamp, 60 {t., Wood, 4009!

Throughout the warmer parts of the Old World, from the Atlantic to New

Caledonia.

47. 8. - ahenang henge ee Plant. ed. 2, 74); eran except the

pe eee rhizome woody, creeping ; stem 1 3 = trigonous ;

leaves all basal, often flea the stem, + in. * * flat, green ;

umbel snipes or somewhat compound, or reduced to 3 1 spikelets in

a hea racts 3-4, up to 4-8 by § in., similar to the leaves ; spike-

lets attaining 1 by 3 1 in, wihed much smaller, dark-brown; glumes up

scarcely 4 the length of the glume, obovoid, dorsal y need or

nearly oe smooth, brown ; style linear

branches 3 or 2 linear, longer tha; the style. Thunb. Prod. 17 ;

#1. Cap. ed Schult. 97; Sowerby, Engl. Bot. t 542 ; Nees in Linnea,

vil. 509; x. 184; Kunth, Enum. ii. 167; Boeck. in Linnea, XXXVI.

722; OC. B. Clarke in Hook k. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 658. 8S. c¢ capensis,

Burm. Prod. Fl. Cap.

eu. AFRICA: without locality, Drége, 2452 ! Zeyher! Harvey! Ve rreaua !

rauss

Coast Reeton: Clanwilliam Div. ; he the Oliphants River, near Ebenezer,

below 100 tt. ae nate 7402! Cape Div t Salt River, Pilg U, 514! near Cape

Town, sg ow 100 ft., Tacierg Bolus WS14} Ca ig Flat , MacOwan — Bolus,

erb. Norm. ye Afr, 998! r Nord Hoe k, Milne, 251! Uitenhage Div.;

near the mouth of the beikied River, Drage! Kowie River a 7oy!

Komgha Div.; Kei River, Flanagan

Cenreat Becton: Calvinia Div.; Bokkeveld Mountains, at Uien Vallei,

2000-2500 ft., Drege !

—

Found jn all temperate and warm regions,

Scirpus] CYPERACEH (Clarke). 233

lateral spikelet ; leaves few, near the base of the stem, 3-1 in. long,

inear ; lower bract as though a continuation of the stem, —2 in. long;

spikelet horizontal, 11 in, long, ellipsoid, obtuse, dense, hard ; glumes

ovate, obtuse; hypogynous bristles 0, but a small oblong lateral

hyaline scale is sometimes present within the glume; stamen 1 ;

any, branches 2 linear, much shorter than the nut. ©. B. Clarke

n Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 663. Isolepis minima, Schrad. Anal.

Fl. Cap. 17, t.1, fig. 4; Nees in Linnea, vii. 498 in Obs.; x. 151.

Hemicarpha Isolepis, Nees in Edinb, New Phil. Journ. xvii. 263 ;

fat Finum. ii. 268; Benth. in Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Pl. iii.

Coast REGron : Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Hesse (fide Schrader).

Also in Tropical Africa and India.

.7 49. §. Hystrix (Thunb. Prod. 17) ; small, glabrous, tufted, annual ;

stem 1-5 in, long trigonous, carrying 1 dense head ; leaves near the base

of the stem, often as long as the stem, up to 7-1 in. broad ; bracts

than themselves ; hypogynous bristles 0; stamens 1-2 ; anthers very

‘mall, oblong ; nut narrowly obovoid, trigonous, smooth, reticulated,

brown or black ; style hardly any, branches 3 linear, hardly so long

as the minute nut.” FT. Cap. ed. Schult. 96 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv1.

' tle. . 2. Clar

Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 623. Isolepis Hystrix, Schrad. Anal. Fil. Cap.

“3; Nees in Linnea, vii. 496 ; viii. 85; x. 156 ; Kunth, Enum. ii.

R Coast Region: Cape Div.; inundated places near Cupe Town, Bolus, 4529!

gman, 1797! near streams below Table Mountain, Thunberg ; Cape Flats,

— 4371! Rondebosch, below 1000 ft., Drége; Paarl. Div.; by the Berg

iver, below 500 ft., Drége! Worcester Div., Zeyher /

i ESTERN REGION: Little Namaqualand ; Bushmans Karoo, oe {t.5

rege; between Pedros Kloof and Lily Fontein, 3000-4 t., Drege: me

73 serie RN Reeion: Natal; Griffins Hill, near Eastcourt, Rehmann, 7305!

‘815! Biggars Berg, 4000-5000 ft., Sutheriand ! Kuntze, 242!

Also found in Angola.

0. S. spathaceus (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 759); glabroue,

Polygamo-dicecious ; stem 1-21 ft. long, stout, terete, without nodes ;

"Ppermost sheath slightly inflated, obtusely triangular on one side i

Panicle 6 by 12 in., rusty-red, with numerous branches springing

genera Schenus and Cladium ;

234 CYPERACES (Clarke). [ Scirpus.

cylindric, brown; glumes boat-shaped, elliptic, subacute, rusty-

brown ; hypogynous bristles 5, as lony as the nut, retrorsely scabrous,

rown ; stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong, crested (in female flowers

the anthers are sometimes reduced, linear, and empty, with the crest

fully developed) ; nut + the length of the glume, narrowly ellipsoid,

trigonous, pyramidal at the top, smooth, brown-black ; style linear,

as long as the nut, branches 3 pes er than the style. S, tnanis,

Steud. "Si yn. Pl. Glum. ii. 86 ; Boeck. in Linne@a,xxxvi. 714. Schenus

cris Thunb, Prod.16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult 94; Kunth, Enum. ii. 338.

S. tegetalis, Burchell, Travels, i. 260 in note (name only).

sia AFRICA: without eng a , Ecklon and Zeyher, 152!

Aagged REGION : Clea yillia Div ‘ che Crcshe River ual Wl als

River, 2500-000 ft., Dre a go Ow S Div Rel the Klipplaat River, near

Shiloh, 3.00 ft. , Drage: ! Zwart Kei River, "Bone 9

ENTRAL Reaion: Beaufort West Div. ; on ih Nieuw Veld, iiaabrge Lo

45 a!

noster Kop and Ganze Fontein, 35 ft., Drége, 689! Som set 3

banks of streams at - a of — eee Berg, 2300 ft., aca, 1716!

Graaf Reinet Div.; n raaf Rei s, 266! Sutherland

bet

Kuilen Berg - the Greet t Bick ania Pere 1346! Great ie Hiver Kloof,

arte _ 1387

ERN Tio , Namaqualand ; between Pedros Kloof and Lily

Fonte, 3060-4000 ft., Dré

LAHARL REGION: Grisaalsata West; Kimberley, Flanagan, a

his species has the aspect of Cladium or one of the large Schen#, and the nut

we sete suit the genus Schenus well pein But it is placed in pore now by

ull authorities, because the flowers are numerous in the spikelet. Tue tribe of

Schanee differs mainly from Scena proper by having few flowers to the

spikelet.

Imperfectly known species.

S. pilosus (Thunb. Prod. 18); stem flattened; leaves radical,

convolute, ciliate on the margins and keel ; head ovate ; bracts about

4, up to 2 3 in. long, reflexed; glumes lanceolate, ciliate, yellow with

green edges, Fl, Cup. ed. Schult, 98; Kunth, "Enum, ii, 174, not

of Retz.

Soutn AFRICA: without locality, Thunberg !

No author seems to have been able to divine what this could have been.

X. ERIOPHORUM, Linn.

Hypogynous ULristles 6, strap-shaped, cut down to the base into

several narrow segments, Peps te in fruit, rendering the spikelet

comose; otherwise as Seir

Distris, Species 10; 8N abs een or Arctic, 2 in India and China.

angustifolium (Roth, Neue Beitr. 94); gets stolo-

niferous ; 5 stem 8—24 in, ae smooth, usually ie hayes 4 ghout

its length; leaves often } the length of the stem, 3} i wroad

a of umbel 1-7 (rarely reduced to 1 nike) 03 in. long a

Eriophorum. ] CYPERACE (Clarke). 235

exserted, eal nut geal, oblong. Sowerby, Engl. Bot.

t 564; ath, Enum. ii. 17 Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 95.

B. puystachyon, Linn. Sp. Plan. 76 partly ; Host, Gram. i. 29,

Katawart Recion: Transvaal, MeLea in Herd. Bolus, 6024!

Spread through the North Temperate and Arctic Regions of both Hemispheres.

XI. FICINIA, Schrad.

Spikelet of many (rarely few) spirally imbricate glumes (or in

Hemichlana the lower glumes —— distichous), lowest 1 or 2

empty, mauy or several succeeding glumes 2-sexual perfecting nuts

(cf. F. txiotdes), uppermost male or caitle Hypogynous bristles 0

Stamens 3-2, anterior. St, yle pie: linear, passing gradually into

the sa _branches 3 or (in F. lateralis) 2 linear (cf. F. radiata).

Ovary ute obpyramidal ihn’ Nut triangular, or (in

£. lateratis) cones compressed,

This genus differs from Scirpus Sect. pei only by the small ie ge rem

Synophore. It is difficult to draw the line between this gynophore and t

xpanded foot of the nut of m many species of Scirpus; thus Ficinia pulehella ¢ of

en = Scirpus Menem aes Boeck. This small gynophore is present or not in

rious species of Fimbri tylis, and varies greatly in development in one ag

uf Fimbri ie $0 t he ib is og & to attribute much real importance to 1

Distr Species 58; of v 57 are confined to South _ (except 2

oon Kitim ag At0), and 1 is piece in the mountains o1 Abyss

ubgenus I. StcKMANNTIA (Genus, Nees). Leaves and nodes all near the base

a the stem ; ikl 2-sexual; glumes spiral ; sty i long, undivided or micro-

Scopically notched

Stem mak stat, with 1 head ; bracts many : ae

Subgenus 11. Leaves and nodes all near the base of the stem; piketete with

the central nut- bearing, 3 lateral seals pee arid pet branches 3, long.

Leaves and bracts scarious- edged ... (2) ixioides.

ubgenus III, Ev- a Leaves ae ‘aiceal l near the base of t

rt lets 2-sexual ; glumes spiral even at the base of the spikelet ; he ti

3, long (or 2 in F, lateralis).

* Stem with 1 5

i rill sikele Jarge, often 1 in. ed | ee nine

ems ve: y shines spikelet } in. long .. . (4)2

Spikelet 4 in. lon ng; uppermost " sheat :

leafless : 5) pusilla,

Spikelet 2 in. long ; leaf on uppermost sheat i

¥e oug, flat near the base re (6) mierantha.

Stem with several] spikelets ina head : : ;

tel peg i esas, le om CO

ty!

+ Lalas: seen horizontal (none in

rugulos

Ghote rounded-obtase; atone round... (8) repens.

Glm ounded-obtu stems very :

... (9) sylvatica.

Glumes obt stems 10) rugul

Glumes ovate, scantans ; pica a longer

than the head .. . (11) leioearpa.

236 cyPERACEd (Clarke). [Ficinia.

Glumes ovate, acuminate; bracts shorter

the head , (12) punctata.

than ‘i

+t Leaves usually present ; Be.

ikelets 1-5 (ocea-

sionally more in F. albicans), digitate :

Flo ee very a Be seen hardly

excurren

ica.

ikeets very at scarcely 3 in.

lon

Spikelets chestnut-brown ; leaf.

sheaths white margined ... ... (18) filiformis.

Spikelets chesttsbrown leat-

sheaths pale brown (14) bergiana.

ag greenish-white ; “glumes

poi . (18) albicans.

= rather larger, 2 4 in. tong

tol sent . (15) stolonifera.

Solo s none seen ; “stems “4-8 in,

ong . (16) tristachya.

Stolons none Been ; 3 ‘stems 12- 16 ix in.

(17) involuta,

aiseya gga oblong, ‘narrowed at the top,

, oF mucronate :

Upper sheaths leafless; basal leaves flat,

2 in. broad we .. (20) quinquangularis.

Upper shea with a long leaf :

triangular, acute, hardly

mu eectiate . (19) subacuta,

Glumes with a strong green ex.

ent mucro (21) tribracteata.

Glumes ie with a most minute

red mu . (22) acuminata.

ttt par —_— present giaatons 5-10 or mor e,

t least in of the heads. Glumes mucro-

iu or siiate 2

Uppermost leaf 3-2 in. long ... si ... (23) elongata.

Uppermost leaf sangeet

Stems capillary

Glumes one “white-edged ae . (24) kunthians.

Glumes white-edged be . (25) MacOwani.

Stems a eae rigid ;

Nat “ ‘ . (26) cinnamomea.

Nut transversely w avy (27) tenuifolia.

+ttt — present ; wat scanned bracts often

e than 2, somewhat dilated at the bas ase :

iow er- glumes fim mbriate:

Le ar a on with white edges much torn

olly (28) paradoxa,

Leases flat, 35 in. broad ; leaf-sheaths

.. (29) laciniata.

Plowerglues not fimbriate :

ee "ese t, thick, cor in. broad, trun-

aes ives with white scarious edges .. er truncata.

Leaves sdesonioar white scarious edges (31) premorsa.

Leaves very narro

Nut sinooth :

Stem and leaves ges) rather

slende ant ae

tem and leaves stout . (33.

Nut transversely li

Heads apoardathy out dense (35) acrostachys.

Ficinia.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 237

Heads oo nd :

Leaves very short... ... (7 brevifolia,

faa elonga 37) gracilis.

Nut ee “transversely “ragose,

truncate -» (38) latinux.

Nut or sl ; ; leaves 3 flat, ‘jarrow

head very compound, dense * (36) dasystachys.

ttt api present ; head compound; bracts usually

um sayy much dilated, ne the head at

cis e; spikelet nag erou

en rigid plan

Brac ee y so leaf-

ais scarcely scario s-edged (40) lithosperma.

Bracts broadly ‘searious-edg red 5 leaf-

e i “edge we (41) lueida.

scarious-edged ; eaf-

broad scarious edges... (42) pinguior.

Small woody ete 2-3 in. high ... (43) pygmea.

Rather slender plants 6-15 in. «high + :

Hea sont chestnut-bro

(39) setiformis.

Head lo 3; glumes with thin brown

recurved . (44) pinche

ea ee ; 7 ue ets subspicate cu ». (45) fas tigiata.

*** Stem with se more or less distinct, spikelets

ee 45 fastigiata, oO lowest spikelet is often 2 abs

1st;

Spikelets 4 by + in., chestnut-brown : : fe

rac ten ot white scarious at the base ... (46) fascicularis.

Bracts white scarious at the base... ... (49) bulbosa.

Sites i in; :

Spikelets few in a cluster :

= Ss not w cari the base ... (47) anceps.

Bracts white scarious at t 48) monticola,

Skeleton

ogee

most olitary in 1 cunds ikes os secunda,

Spikelets 2 by aes oo 96 é : ong z . 51) ¢ compasbergensis,

Subgenus IV, yon LEPIS ae: secAsacetic ene 8 anata —e ea

and leaves cco their whole length; spikelets very small ;

*piral ; style-branches

es nade A ne ne leaf-sheaths nearly entire (52) trichodes.

, — with 1 spikelet ; leaf-sheaths scarious fir en

Fetes with 1-3-5 spikelets ‘3 we a an

us V. Hemicutana (Genus, Sc valle ). oe branched or not ; spi ikelets

sexu a lower flower-glumes disticbous, somewhat remote; style-

ted, simple, nodes pale close above the

3 pcs digitate te, 4 in

(55) angustifolia.

‘i a branched, with ae aie far above the

Le env es 1, in. broad ;

Leaves cu

3 spikelets ai in. broad. ee longifolia.

PLY

apillary ; spikelets linea . (57) gins

y I. apart on the dent dale with 1 ue waves: all neat

the 8

scab e base, deeply channelled, very tough, thick edges

— cutting, narrowed and triquetrous at the top; head }—$ in.

238 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Ficinia.

in diam., compound, dense, pale brown ; bracts 5-22, radiate, mneqURy

p to in. long, resembling abbreviated ott spikelets 1—4 in.

long, 6- -16-flo wered, usually male at the top (some wholly male

spikelets oceur) ; © Baers elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, tip blunt,

keel weak, otherwise nerveiess ; stamens 5 ; anthers linear- oblong,

cranis radiata; ef. Schrad, Anal. Fl. Cap. 51 in Obs. Schaenus

radiatus, Linn. f. Suppl. 101. Scirpus radiatus, Thunb. Prod. 18 ;

Fl. Cap, ed. Schult. 98. Isolepis radiata, Roem. et Schult. Syst. ii, 113.

Sisbnavnia radiata, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292 ; x. 183.

biabaiey: A¥xica: without locality, Sieber, 149! 263! Pappe, 104! Bergius, 41!

ped

oast REGION: Eee rg Div.; on the Piquet Berg, 1500-3000 ft. , Dréie,

16580! Cape Div. ; mountain tops between Nord Hoek and Fa'se Bay, Thunberg,

Cape Flats, Zeyher, 72! Bure ‘hell, 195! Table Mountain, Milne, 230! Simons

vie

Div. Afr.,

Caledon Div. ; Nieuw pore Houw Hoek Mountains, pooner $188! saenee

near the Pidinict t River, 800 ft., Bolus, 4228!

2. F. ixioides (Nees in Linnea, ix. 292) ; = ap tee stems tufted,

/ 3 oe in. long, with 1 head ; leaves all near “the base of the stem,

by {5 n., rather rigid; sheaths scarious-edged ; ition 3, sub-

edged ; stam 3; ers nak iainake y ‘crested ; n

obovoid, plane-convex, smooth, on an obconic gynophore ; style long,

linear, brane ng, linear. Linnea, x.180; Kunth, Enum.

264 ; "Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 57.. F. seariosa?, Drege, Pflanzen-

geogr, Documente 82, 83, 185, nut of Nees.

vied AFRICA: without locality, R. Brown ! Drége, 564! Ecklon and Zeyher,

65! ed

Coast Region: Worcester Diy. ; Drakenstein Mountains and Dutoits Kioof,

3000-4000 tt., Dréye, 7382 !

. F. scariosa (Nees in Linnea, ix. 292); glabrous; rhizome

Short, horizontal, stout, woody ; stems close together, 4-20 in . long; 7

sibuat t, with one spikelet ; leaves often 1 as long a s the stem, sub-

cylindric, hardly ~; in. in " diam,, sheaths | Gites eiged: lawer bract

erect, shorter than the spikelet, linear; spikelet 3-11 by 4-3 in. 3

glumes very many, } in. long, elliptic, obtuse, convex, irene

Ficinia.] cyPeracem (Clarke). 239

Enum. ii. 251; ree in Linnea, xxxvli. 57, Ff. conifera, Nees in

linnea, x. 181 ; nth, Enum. ii. 251. Scirpus trigynus, Linn.

Mant. 180, i ha habitat. S. bulbosus, Rotth. Descr. et Ic. 46,

t. 16, jig. 2, Se heenus. scarivsus, Vahl, Enum. ii. 210, not of Thunb. ;

Steud. in Flora, 1829, 134. S. deustus, Berg, Fl. Cap. 10, fide

Vahl. Isolepis? scariosa. Nees in Linnea, vii. 501; viii, 85.

2a, scariosa, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 98

ICA: without loc: ach ae 290! Sieber, 8! 103 ! Pappe, 117!

Ecklon se nd Zeyher, 139! 140! Bergi

Coast REGION : Piquetberg es ; on the Piquet Berg, 1000-2000 ft., ey !

pe Div. ; LDN i on own, Zeyher, 1773! Devils Mountain, 300 ft.,

Honw Hoek Mountains, 1800 ft., MacOwan, Herb. Aust.-Afr., 1726! Koco

Div. ; between Zwart Vallei and the West end of Lange Vallei, Buvchal 1, 5695!

TRSTR FERN REGION Avie Namaqualand; between Uitkomst and Geelbeks

Kraal, 2000-3000 ti, Dre

4. F. Zeyheri (Boeek. in Linnea, xxxvii. 58) ; glabrous ; rhizome

very short, horizontal, woody ; stems densely tufted, 8-11 in. long,

very straight, slender, wiry, with 1 spikelet; leaves all near the

of the stem, + the length of the stem, wiry, filiform ; sheaths

tich-brown, lacerate, uppermost carrying a leaf; bracts 2, lower

7 slightly overtopping the spikelet, linear ; spikelet 2 byt 1 in.,

void, few-flowered, brown ; glumes ovate- oblong, subolitum, convex

on the ack ; stamens 3; anthers linear, not crested; gynophore

ae ?

obeonie ; nut gg ice! 2 the length of glume, obovoid, plane-

vonvex, smooth, brown ; style a little shorter than the nut, slender,

branches 3 ae linear.

“ea AFRICA: iar dol eal R. Bro

t ReGton : Cal on Diy. ; on the wax ‘Berg, near Caledon, 1000-2000 ft.,

Pa 75! 4379

/st 5. F. pusilla (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr - V. 641); glabrous; roots fibrous ; stems 2 in. long, setaceous,

hal spikelet ; leaves all near the base of the stem, often } the

a 8

slightly dilated, notched ; bracts 2, lower erect, 4 in. Jong, linear;

‘pikelet 2-2 in, long, ellipsoid, 6-flowe red ; glumes boat-shaped,

ovate, obtuse, many-striate, chestnut or chestnut-red; gynophore

seonio style linear, branches 3 linear, very long. . bergiana,

"ar. B, capillaris, C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. Vv. 636. F. capillaris, Nees ex C. B. Clarke l. c. 636.

al REGIon : Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Rehmann, 1182!

43801 STERN Region: Little Namaqualand ; Harde Veld, 2600-3000 ft., Zeyher,

ne specimen in the Kew Herbarium.

Zeyher’s 4380 is quoted by Drage in Linnea, xx. 251, as an Acrolepis.

bod ate is not alia to F. Zeyheri; it looks like a starved example of

ek suas Schrader ; but the leafless top sheath is quite unlike. The flowers

young,

240 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Ficinia.

y Coe eee

6. F. micrantha (C. B. Clarke) ; glabrous; rhizome thin, woods

stems tufted, 2-4 in. long, wiry, with 1 hy, signe leaves 1 the

length of the stem, in the lower part flat, ,~, in. wide, in the upper

part thick, terete, rigid ; sheaths stout, red, uppermost bearing a leaf;

bracts 2, subersdt, lower as though a continuation of the stem, ee in.

long; spikelet 2 by 5 in., 6-flowered, white, hard; glumes boat-

obtuse point; nut nearly as long as the glume, long-ellipsoid,

trigonous, glistening with series of points (i.e. the outermost layer of

quadrangular cells) ; gynophore conspicuous, Bnet ob-pyramidal,

ending in 3 la neeolate teeth opposite the 3 angles of the nut-base.

F. albicans, C. B, Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. 685 erty

Coast REGIO oe Div tees e Mountain, Rehmann, 652

From its whi sap ie tile as a superficial resemolance to ?. albicans, Nees 5

but the Ev acead Saeed and oo large nut distinguish i

SF Eeawe woe

? 7%. ¥. aphylla (Nees in Endl. Prodr, Fl. Norf. 23); glabrous ;

rhizome sometimes short, sometimes 8 in, long, erect, slender, woody,

black, clothed by scales, dividing, carrying tufts of stems where its

@SesHy SSB SF ea

1 in, in diam., of 3-8 ellipsoid spikelets ; a ovate, obtuse,

many-striate, brown, oe incurved ; stamens 3; anthers Litient-

poste; pe: a3 nut 2 the length of the glume, ) mb id, biconvex,

= a. oo

linear longer than the style. Endl. Atakta, 12, t. % F. lateralis,

Kunth, Enum. ii. 254; Boeck. af Sinmun. xxxvii. 63. Schaenus

lateralis, Vahl, Enum. 211. be Buen, et po

ea} x. 166. Sei irpus ‘trunca atus, Sieber e.

fl. Norf. 23. Isolepis arcuata, Ecklon ex Kunth, Enum, i.

South ArFrica: without ear Sieber, 109! Bergiws! Chamtsso, ae

Pappe, 89!

iv A

)

m8 |

rea

oR i.

8 §

.s.°

Ss.

= 8

os EP = = oa

: Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Harvey, 187! boggy place

phe Simons Be, Milne, a Cape Sandhills, Htactitivray, 410! sand- fate

between Tyger Berg and Blue Berg, below 500 ft. ! Paarl Div. ; Paarl

” Moustaten 1000-2000 se te Weeenses Dec x River Kloof, ” 1000-

000 Dréjye; Uitenhage Div.; near the ae of Van Stadens River,

MacOwan, 2124! Port Weboth Div. ; sand hills along the coast, E.S.C.A- a}

Herb., 171! 193! Komgha Div. ; grassy slopes near ie mouth of the Kei River,

Flanagan, 1781!

pens (Kunth, Enum. ii. 255); glabrous; rhizome :

ivielerig 1 in diam. (21 in, frag roones pest clothed by hard dark- ;

brown nearly- quadrate scales ; stems § olitary (or in separate clusters) ;

on the rhizome, 4-16 in. long, medium-sized, not setaceous, nearty |

Ficinia. | CYPERACE® (Clarke). 241

round, many- striate ; sheaths basal, Van produced inge ae eh

brown on one side, not staan spikelets 3-8, sesaile, Yur in

linear, slightly exserted ; gynophore obeonic, exceedingly short,

mnieroscopically 3-toothed. — 17 aA ie XxXXVlil. 64. Isolepis

repens, Nees in Linnea, ix. 291; x. 158.

ae AFRICA: rales trig Drége, 7405!

Coa gion: UWite Ths, by t the Zwartkops River, 50-500 ft.,

tahoe, 4392! Ecklon taut Poe. 660!

. F. sylvatica (Kunth, Enum. ii. 254); glabrous; rhizome

(seen) very short, much divided ; stems 10-22 in. long, medium-

sized, not setaceous, strongly 4—5- angular (in Bolus, 2693, aes

much less angular) ; leaves reduced to eaths ; sheaths basal, =

ted, produced on on e side, lanceolate, ac a linear red bristle word

in, he is a spikelets 2-5, sessile, 1-1 by +), in., cylindric,

XXXvi.65. F. membr anacea, vai. B, Kunth, Enum. ii. 252. Scirpus

trispicatus, Linn. Ff. Suppl. 108; T. hunb. Prod. 17; Fl. Cap. ed.

Schultes a Bh. Sparmanni, Lam. Lil. 1. 140.

Bnoe AFRICA: without locality, Thunberg, Zeyher, 4387 !

y, Thunberg, Zeyher,

Coast Region Swellendam Div. ; sig? Swellendam, 1000 ft., meg a

vorge Div.; near George, below 1000 ft., Drege! Kny sna Div.; mp

rg Bolus 2693! Uitenhage Div.; van Stadens ew, 1000 it, ” iain

yher

10. F. rugulosa (C. B. Clarke); glabrous; rhizome 0; stems

8 in. long, densely tufted, setaceous, strongly 5—6-angular, minutely

rough granular, with 1-3 spikelets; sheaths near the base, long,

harrow, scarious- brown, closely wrapped round the stem ; lower bract

7 though a continuation of the stem, 1 in. long; spikelets 2 i in,

ong, ellipsoid, obtuse, dark-brown ; glumes elliptic, hardly keeled,

oneave with ineurved margins ; style e 3-fid.

ION shill the west end of Groene

Valles ke. Oe Lone Div. ; on sand-hills near

This plant has the general a rance of F. filiformis and i

neighbours, which are chen eesily Yodo ss; but the smoothly sllipsoid spilt

ith the edges of the glumes incurved do not suit the F. filiformis group.

Feviose filiform stem is peculiar to this species, and the serongiy aiscleel

qwinquangularis, Boeck.

iL. F. lei 1); rhizome not seen;

Sia: elocarpa (Nees in Linnea, x. 171); rhizo: Sndlge

ai8 16-24 in. long, slender; sheaths quite leafless ; ea -8

spikelets, globose « ; bracts 2, spreading, lower 1-2 in. lon ng ; glumes

rl ‘cuminate, mucronate ; otherwise as F. sylvatica, Kunth. Boeck.

i oe Zuxvin. 77. 3, ‘tomibracicata, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292.

242 CYPERACEX (Clarke). [ Ficinea.

SourH AFRICA: ab pnd Drege, 75!

Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; Bcklon ? Algoa Bay, Forbes !

No uae in the Kew Herbarium.

The more orbicular than that of F. x eid hag not more smooth. The

Charo: is 5 still suite reduced to a minute tuber

i E. punctata Tsien in Flora, 1845, 758); head of 10-12

spikelets ; bract {-} in.; otherwise as F, leiocar pa, but a little larger

in all its an

Coast R : Uitenhage wilh ; “es the sources of streams in the Winterhoek

Mountains, cava Herb. Boissie

No specimen in the Kew Rota

The spikelets are a good deal anion Alga se of F. leiocarpa, the nut larger,

the gynophore larger and 3-toothed ; it may be only a a state of F. leiocarpa,

but the “ay is very much shorter and different in chara

x. 13. F. filiformis (Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 46); glabrous ; stolons .

nd rhizome 0; stems 2-8 in. long, densely tufted, setaceous, with

4-5 dievated dbo angles (between these apparently dotted), carrying

1 head of 1-3 (rarely more) sessile spikelets; leaf-sheaths scarious,

white or diseoloured, broad, rolling up and wearing fie ae lacerate-

fimbriate), uppermost leafless ; leaves as though a prolongation of the

midrib of the sheath, sometimes 2 the length of the stem, terete, very

similar to the stem but sle nderer bracts not more than 2, lower as

ier a continuation of the stem 1~—1 in. long; spikelets 1-4 by

vs ey in., 4-12 flowered, pi ie or brown; glumes pear

glume, margins and tip of glume searious, not ineurved; stamens 35

anthers linear-oblong, yellow, crested ; style much shorter than the

nut, linear, deciduous, branches linear, ee nage gynophore distinct,

obpyramidal, margin 3-lobed; nut 2 the leng of the glume, roun

trigonous, obovoid-truncate, about as broad te smooth, finally a

leaden-black green-tinged. Nees in Linnea, x. 173, excluding 0

contorta ; Kunth, Enwn. ii. 253 partly ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 59.

Schanus jiliformis, Lam. Ill. i. 135. S. olt og lng ae Enum.

ii in 82 . &

Steud. in Flora, 1829, i. 146. “B sllpueoas Steud. Nomenel. i. 6

in syn. and ii. 540. Isolepis oliganthes, Nees in Linnea, Vl. 508.

I. marginata, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 110. F. pumila, Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum. ii re Baothryon crinitum, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 94.

Sourn AFR without eT Zeyher! Thunberg, fait Pappe, 90°

109! "Mucthtieong, 427! Drég

Coast REGION: Cape Div: ; Table Mountain, Ee 873 ! Milne, 2 237!

M rod Sa ons Bay, Wright, pa Mac Gilliv oT Devils M a

Eck Tulbagh Div. ; mountains in Boer Meee of New Kloof, 1000 ft ft,

Hac Oran fest, ean -Afr., 1689! Worces .; Dutoits

Dré. edon Div. ; Hoaw Hoek femmes 2000 ft., Schlechter, 7425 saa!

AL ReGtion : Worcester Div.; near Touws River Station, Bolus, 7

i. grows on Kilimanjaro at an elevation of 10,000 ft

Ficinia.] cYPERACE® (Clarke), 245

Several of the succeeding Ficinias oa bi little from this species; and the

ieonyms cited may belong partly to

14. F. bergiana (Kunth, Enum. ii. 254) ; stems 10-15 in. long,

capillary (i.e. slenderer than those of F. fil/ ‘ormis) , very numerous ;

leaf-sheaths scarious, pale-brown, uppermost wrapped round the stem

nut 3-3 the length ‘of the glume, ellipsoid, nearly twice as long as

broad ; m argin n of gynophore “nearly entire ; otherwise as ae * agai mis,

Behind. Pd tristachya, Boeck. in Linnea, Xxxvil, 60 par

Sour AFRICA: Sai anges Sieber MOL! Harvey, 347!

oast Reaion: Ca near Cape , Burchell, 433! Simons Bay

sh al i, Wie Berg, 1000" ft. , Kuntze, 252! Warsehar Div.; Dutoits Kloof,

The nut of this os much resembles that of F. tristachya to which species

Boeckeler reduces it ; but de ree has spikelets much larger than those of

F. filiformis and F. bergia

/ 15. F. stolonifera (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 60); stolons long,

covered by striate pale-brown lamomalate scales; stems and leave

rather stouter than those of F. jiliformis ; spikelets up to 4—} © by Lin

Margin of gynophore nearly entire; otherwise as F. jilifor ais,

Sehrad. F. filiformis, var. contorta, Nees in Linnea, x. Ti:

SourH Arrica: rea laine fs nity ! Zeyher :

Coast Reaion: Ca ape Wes 501! Riversdale Div. ;

between Little Vet River bes amet tril Burchell, 6896!

wo ReGion: Somerset Div.; on the Bosch Berg, 4000 ft., MacOwan,

Eastern Region: Natal; Van Reenens Pass, 5600 ft., Kuntze, 235!

The examples of Burchell, — and Wright show the characteristic

stolons. It ig possible that many of these Ficinias flower before they throw

stolons, and it is possible that, in some ae where the plants had stolons, the

lector did not collect them. It is not certain but that species, the a

of which in our herbaria nowhere present stolons, may produce them sometimes

6. F. ip ade a ees in Linnea, ix. 292); leaf-sheaths

mbriated ; spikelets 2 by 2 in.; nut ellipsoid, longer than broad ;

gynophore margin Ba entire ; otherwise as F, ji/ iformis, Schrad.

mnea, X, 175 ; Kunth, Siri: ii, 252 partly; Boeck. in Linnea,

Xxxvii. 60. FF, involuta, Drége in Linnea, xx. 248. Scirpus

tristachyos, Rottb. Dener. et Ie, 48, 13, fi. 4; Linn. f. Suppl. 103 ;

Thunb. Prod. 17; Fl. Cap. ed. Schulte, 97. Isolepie tristachya,

Ben. oy Schultes, ‘Sy yst. Veg. il. “rr not - Mant. 64 ; Nees in Linnea,

iis AFRICA: without locali si ! :

ity, Si Pappe, 106!

Coast Region: —_ Div. + Mount ins near Cle “fom 2000 ft., r= ash

ee! bs pe

oogte,

“ever, 1721 Worceste r Div. ; See sountains, 1600 ft., Bolus, 40741

versdale Div. ; near the Getting oe Burchell, 6706 pa:

This differs from F, filiformis and F. bergiana in : larger spikelets ; it differs

- stolonifera in that none of the examples in the Herbarium have stolons,

hat the nut is considerably lo than fk

244 CYPERACER Ss [ Ficinia.

nut obovoid ellipsoid, a little longer than broad ; vege sh nt

F’. tristachya, Nees. Linnea, x. 174; Kunth, Enum. ii. 253;

Boech:. in Linnea, xxxvii. 61

Coast Re@ion: Worcester Div.; Hex River Mountains, Drege, 576!

Drakenstein Mountains, 1500 = . Bolus, 4075! 4078! Uitenhage Div.; near

Van Stadens Berg, Mac ‘Owan ! 2176.

This is a much taller plant than F. tristachya, sae Heroines rather all

epitkidlets. aoe 1774, which Drige = to be F. inv matches identical y

the examples in nus’ Herbarium marked by con al . pet ereiy hya.” But, 1

may be doubted an Te the two can be kept distinct.

18. F. albicans pe in Linnea, x. 175); stolons pre

resent, covered by rigid lanceolate nearly white scales; ste

2-7 i me long, carrying 72 5 or sometimes 5-10 spikelets ; spikelets

+ by 45 , when n young very white, when in flower green with more

a less ei on sides; glumes ovate, thick in texture from the

numerous close ribs, the thick green-white keel subexcurrent as an

obtuse mucro ; otherwise as F. tristachya, Nees. unth, rae

253. F. tristachya, var. B, Boeck. in Linnea, Xxx 1,

Scirpus Pseudoschenus, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 147. Tole

Pseudoschenus, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 103. I. tristachya var., Nees

si vil. 502.

H AFRICA: without 1 ) 1Z

ReeGion: Cape Di ye ee es i ET Burchell, a.

Devils Peak, 1300 ft., Kuntze, 258! Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Sieber, 1 ‘ 04;

Paarl Div. ; Paarl Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., Drage, 1585! 1586! Caledon Div. 5

on, 1 : -3 near

950 ft., Kuntze, 210 ee Div.; near the Zoetemelks River, Burchell

6706! between Gre als River and Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6577 «

Uitenhage Div., Heklon. ir Zeyher, 667!

19. F. subacuta (C. B. Clarke); glabrous; stolons none see?;

stems densely tufted, 1-3 in. long, curved, rather rigid, each carrying

1 head of 2—4 spikelets ; ; leaf-sheaths dusky brown, jacerate ; leaves

1-2 in. long, setaceous ; bracts 2, lower 1—* in. long, s spreading, not

appearing as a continuation of the ste m; spikelets searcely % 1n- long;

the point of the glume; nut 2 the length of the glume, as_broa

long, round-trigonous, ver obtu use, green-yellow; gynophore cot

spicuous, margin Felted entire ; style 3 -fid.

Coast RuGion : Mossel Bay Div.; between the landing-place at Mossel Bay

and Cape St. Blaize, prose 6271!

This is very near F’, tristachya, Nees, but has much more acute glumes.

a 20. F. quinquangularis (Boeck. in nea, XXXVil- hey

Lin

glabrous, no stolons nor rhizome present; stems densely t

ATES

Pe ten ee

Ficinia.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 245

4-11 in, long, 4—5-angular, densely rongh by upward-pointing

minute papille:, carrying 1 head of 4-1 chestnut-red spikelets ; upper

sheaths lanceolate, scarious- brown, lesitiner not fimbriate, some of the

lower sheaths bearing leaves, 4-5 by ~;—} in., flat, striate ; bracts 2,

duced but obtuse-tipped, much longer than in the 7 preceding i alent

anthers large, linear-oblong, crest very short, white ; style

Coast Region : George Div, ; on the Post Berg, near George, Burchell, 5932 !

on mountain flats near Gavees, ‘Dre €g6, 3933 !

A strongly-marked species, but only young examples have been seen,

? a 21. F. tribracteata (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 62) ; oot no

thizome nor stolon present ; stems densely tufted, 4-12 i n. long,

subentire ;

obscurely transversely wavy-lineolate; style very short, branches 3

long, linear. F. trisd stachya, Kunth, Enum. ii. 252 partly , Drege,

Pflancengeogr. Documente 116. F. Hiliformis, Drege l.c. 88, 188.

a AFRICA: without locality, Pappe, 103

T ReGion;: Cape Div a Meee Mocatain 1000-2000 ft., Drege! Caledon

( Genalesaa 3000-4000 ft., Dréy

t.,

x 22. F. acuminata (Nees in Linnea, ix. 292); stems 7-20 i

ong; leaves often 1 as long as the stem, but leaf of the cb

sheath often short ; * nut- -bearing glumes obtuse with a most minute

chestnut oy red excurrent mucro; nut smooth or obscurely and

ating | sehieubsts: otherwise as F. sited stb oeck, Kunth,

- li. 256 partly ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 66. F. ignorata,

1899. Cyp. eon, li. 18, Scirpus acuminatus, Steud. in Flora,

8, 146. Isolepis acuminata, Nees in Linnea, vii. 601; x. 162.

Sh Log AFRICA: without localit , Pappe,

pe fauet es: Cape Div.; Table Simei: 2000-3000 ft., Hcklon, 858!

1 is plant resembles F. involuta, Nees, and might be a form of it with a

Sia Microscopically mucronate. Boeckeler says the spikelets are sometim

next (te ead ; but these eines in Herb. Kew are faanalite referable to the

enwifolia) series

We 23. F. elongata (Boeck, in Linnea, xxxvii. 65); glabrous ;

Pa clothed with rigid etic lanceolate seales, hardening into

ough rhizomes -1- zo In. in diam. ; stems 1-2 ft. long, very slender,

et carrying one globose head of 10-30 spikelets in the type plant

246 cyPERAcEm® (Clarke). [ Ficinia.

(probably sometimes fewer) ; leaf-sheaths narrow, brown-red, not

fimbriated, lower leafless, uppermost usually with a narrow linear

green leaf 1—2 in. long "(but s sometimes leafless); bracts 2, lower

microscopic tip; anthers hardly crested; nut 2 as long as the glume,

obovoid, trigonous, smooth ; style shorter than the nut, branches 3

linear, long 3 gynophore iad short. F. lateralis a, Drege,

Pflanzengeogr. sagen te

Ast Rera@ion: Paarl Div.; Paarl Ng ey 1000-2000 ft., Drége!

apes Div.; eee Kloof, 2000-4000 ft., Dré

cay ee s tanmiiiepirg: te in the eae err in the numerous spike-

lets a 4 ibe f Drage’s F. acuminata seems to bel ong to the

present iden ‘ance ro wiikelote ie reat 5 é File head.

24. F. kunthiana (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 67); stem 6-9 in

long; leaves long, epithe that on the uppermost ect veal

2 the length of the ste m (sometimes overtopping it); lowermost

bract 1-2 in. ve ; spikelets 5-10 in the head ; nut ellipsoid, ‘fully

mue

F, aga. Boeck., or /. acuminata, Nees. F. acuminata, Kunth,

Enum. ii. 256 partly.

Eastern ReG@Ion: “ Between Cape Colony and Natal,” Drége, 3939! 4390!

The above locality is taken from the label on Drége’s specimens at Berlin.

25. F. MacOwani (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

epodt: Fl. Afr. v. 640); stems 1-2 ft. long, very slender ; leaves

1—1 the length fe the stems, setaceous; spikelets 10-30 in a head;

glumes ovate, acute, conspicuously white-edged ; otherwise much as

Ff. elongata, Pecek, and F, kunthiana, Boeck.

Coast Raion : Swellendam Div. ; mountains near Swellendam, 1000-1400 ft.,

ee rapy and Bolus, Herb. Norm. Aust. - -Afr., 13899! Kuntze, 247!

s does not — any one of the agg givers Lesa , but the four might

be united ft is se r be don osis widened to include

acun a (the fo with few “spikelets Ms oy fed d), the difficulty would

26. F. cinnamomea (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect-

Fl. Afr. v. 637) ; glabrous ; thizome very short; stems 4-16 in.

uppermost sheath leafless, lower pale brown with aie setaceous

leaves; bracts 2, lower 1~3 in. long, suberect ; spikelets 4 in. long,

pale brown; glumes ovate; keel exeurrent: anthers linear-oblong ;

crest small, lanceolate ; nut 2 the length of the glume, obovoid, tri-

gonous, smoot leaden-black minutely-white reticulated by the

outermost layer of withered cells; style shorter than the nut,

branches 3 linear, long; gynophore rather prominent, obpyramidal,

margin entire,

Ficinia.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 247

Centra Recion: Aliwal North Div.; Witte Bergen, Cooper, 635!

EasteRn Rea@rton: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 1939! and without precise locality,

Buchanan, 71!

This differs from the very similar preceding species by the distinct gyno-

phore.

oody, yo In. in diam., obliquely descending ; stems clustered, 10—

16 in. long, slender, each with one head ; leaves 1-2 the length of

the stem, setaceous ; bracts 2, lower 1-3 in. long, dilated to 2 in.

broad at the base, oblique, not appearing to be a ‘continuation of the

stem ; spikelets 1 in. long, 6-10 packed very closely in the head,

bro

| @ 27. F. tenuifolia (Kunth, Enum. ii. 257); glabrous; rhizome

fine brown ; glumes “ovate, keel "distinctly exeurrent; nut } . the

length of the glume, narrowly obovoid, a eg obtus e, “lead-

coloured, with rather obscure transverse wavy li the outermost

cells being short-oblong longitudinally) ; style rather shorter than

the nut, branches 3 long, inear; gynophore very short (a mere rim

dilated at the base of the nut), Boeck. in P bana Xxxvii. 67.

Jilamentosa, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292. F. ayeniie Boeck. in Flora,

1882, 15. F. gracilis, Schrader ex Kunth, ie _— Isolepis

et Schulte tes. 5 # fibrosa, Nees in nak. ix. ‘992, 7. ee Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 98. Scirpus elatus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 694.

Sourn Arrica: without wens Ecklon and Zeyher, 72! Sieber, 207!

Coast Rearon: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, ng: os, pear 2864! Worcester

Div. ; mountains near Bains “Kloof, 1500 ft., Bol s, 5309!

In this species, Kunth says, “ gynophore we ”? = hatadien ra it is : obsolete.”’

It is a ring of looser r pale tissue at the bt foot of the nu ich 2 in no

Wise ® distinguish from what I see in numerous species of Sei fee Pn

Species, F, alter hicaie has a ar sapien ophore.’? F. tez Sen ge nth,

re more closely allied ia Ke gracilis, Pi ha and to F, acrostachys, tain

ts the preceding species, 23-25,

ya 28. F, paradoxa folgea in Linnea, x. 178); glabrous; cog

very short ; stems 6-16 in. long, each with one dense often sub-

es head ; leaf- ig with prominent scarious margins recent

much torn, ofte ten forming a white wool (but sometimes very little

m as in Burchell, 6246), uppermost bearing a long leaf; leaves

bracts often more than two, lowest 1-14 in. similar to the leaf,

Pointed, base dilated, a searious t itieiied edge ; spikelets often

20-30 in the head (sometimes on the same rhizome o y 3 or 4

os in. long, 6-8-flowered ; glumes boat-shaped, ovate, obtuse,

chestnut-red, nerves 6—9 on each side of the midrib, excurrent from

the scarious edge as linear-lanceolate teeth, ferruginous or glistening

waite, scabrous; nut 1 the length of the glume, obovoid : trigonous,

e gil somewhat slong, obpyramidal, margin entire. Kunth,

mum. ii. 258; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 72. F. laciniata, var.

248 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Fiecinia.

paradoxa, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292. Isolepis paradoxa, Schrad.

Anal. Fl. Cap. 22. I. eckloniana, var. B, Nees in Linnea, vii. 506,

excluding a Scirpus laciniatus, Thunb.

Var. B, minor (C. B. eet in — and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. 41);

heads much sale hardly + ; bracts Sg ted at the buse, waa

scarious fimbriated edges. F’, porbenbe var. B minor, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii.

fae F Pas rate E. Meyer ew C. B. Clarkein fea ae Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. ¥

Ps Var. var argyropus (C. B. Clarke in ee and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

641); glumes white fimbriate-ciliate on the edge ; bracts not fimbriate-edged ‘s

the base. F. Tk he Nees in Leg x.177; Kunth, Enwm. ii. 258; Boeck.

in oe. 70.

AFRICA: ly ey — i aan) Bergius, 184! Pappe, 92!

Drive, "2454 Var. 8, D r. y, Drége!

REGION: i ‘ape hg ts, near td iam rg, Drége!

Hoo nia Zeyher, 4419 ! So es yeen — wn and Sim mere fe ae 3519!

Table Hountaip, Schlechter, 584! near Tygerberg, Bure 1,973! Mossel Bay

Div. ; sand-hills near rit land oe at Mossel Bay, Burchett 6246 !

The variety argyropus is not in the Kew Herbarium.

e 29. F. laciniata (Nees in Linnea, ix. 292); leaves flat, gig In.

broad; sheaths scarious, brown or white, more or less torn ; lowest

bract flattened, not pointed at tip, scarious, little fimbriated oie the

base; otherwise as J’. paradoxa, Nees. Linnea, ee

Enum. i. 259; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 73. ‘Scirpus ‘icensitua

Thunb. Prod. 17; Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 97.

oni AFRIcA: without locality, Thwnberg, Drege! Wallich!

Tt Re@ion: Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Zeyher! Uitenhage Div., ge

2367! ' “2368! Port Hlizabeth Div., Herb. Schinz, 152! 153! E.S. CLA.

Eastern Region: Pondoland, Bachmann, 106; Nietal. Clairmont Flat, 150 ft.,

Wood, 3998! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 458

a 30. he truncata (Sehrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 43, t. 2, fig. 3); glabrous;

stolon

‘antacihier into wiry rhizomes; stems 4-12 in, long, rather rigid,

each carrying one dense subglobose head ; leaves 2 by 3 in., parallel-

sided, flat, truncate, thick, with scarious white margins which wear

away, on the upper face 6-10- ribbed, erin covered by prominent

ona bracts 3-2, lowest 1-2 in. ‘shorter than the he ad, dilated

glume, obovoid, trigonous, smooth; style much shorter than nut,

branches 3 linear, long; gynophore rather long, narrow obpyram idal,

margin very lightly 3-toothed. Nees in barra ea, x. 167; Kunth,

Enum. ii. "360; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 80. Sci cirpus truncatus

Thunb. Prod. 17; ; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 97. per truncata, Nees 0

Linnea, vii. 508.

Coast Recion: Riversdale Div.; Hooge Kraal, near the Zoetemelks River,

below 500 ft., Drége! Mossel Bay Div.; between “the Pescamgs 2 _. “ ossel

y and Cape St. Blaize, Burchell, 6262! Uitenhage ; between e Coega

——

Fieinia.] CYPERACEE (Clarke). 249

and Sunday Rivers, below 1000 ft., Drége! near the mouths of = fisitesy and

Zwartkops Rivers, Z eyher, 4418 ! near Van Stadens River, Thunber

7 31. F. premorsa (Nees in Linnea, x. 167); leaves without

scarious margins, 5—6-ribbed on the upper face, without prominent

stomata ; otherwise as F, gee: Schrad. Kunth, Enum. ii. 270;

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 80. F. truncata, var. premorsa, C. B. Clarke

in Durand and Schinz, Skeet Fl. Afr. v. 645.

Coast Recion: Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, 300 Schlechter, 7706! Uitenhage

Div., Cahn) ! Ecklon! Drége!

a 32. F. ecklonea (Nees in Linnea, viii. 91); glabrous; rhizome

hardly any seen; stems 12-20 in. long, tufted, rather stouter than in

the species preceding each with one head ; uppermost leaf-sheath

scarious, torn, gre bearing a ee leaf; leaves 2-10 in. long,

setaceous ; bracts 3 or more, spreading, lowest 1-3 in. long, similar

to the leaves, sometimes much dilated at the base, with wide scarious

edges sometimes very little dilated; head 3—% in. a sage er

heads occur), subglobose of 12-24 spikelets ; spikelets 2 b

cylindric, obtuse, dull brown; glumes ovate, obtuse, “the whit

margin excee ingly narrow, microscopically toothed, appressed ;

anthers apiculate, i.e. hardly crested ; nut 2 the length of the glume,

obovoid, trigonous, smooth ; style shorter than the nut, branches 3

linear, long ; gynophore obconic, margin entire. ees in sg bee

x. 178 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 74. F. Steudelii, Kunth, Enu

. 255. Scirpus eckloneus, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 148. Tiolapts

Steudelit, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 20. J. ee Nees in Linnea,

vii. 506, var. a. J. Ecklonii, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 116.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Bergius, ae R. Brown! Krauss!

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Simons Bay, Lig i — Mountain, Ecklon,

B6O Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowry s Pass, 700 ft., 250! Caledon Div.;

Hou oek Mountains, 1000- 3000 ft., Zeyher, 4490! “Gienkage Div., Ecklon

and Bas 177!

7. 33. F. levis (Nees in Linnea, ix. 292) ; glabrous, yal the back

of the glumes ; rhizom e (in Burchell 427) long, } in. dia ., straight,

clothed by distant lanceolate dull-brown jemi 2 in. ide ng; stems

12-16 in, long, clustered, regia each with 1 head; sheaths entire,

uppermost with a leaf 2-6 in ng, !z in. wide at the base, trigonous,

some of - lower leaf-sheaths produce mueh

longer and broader leaves ; braets 2-3, spreading, Lerwage t 1-1} in.

long, similar to the leaves, aed at the base ; head 1—} in. in iam.,

ose, brown; glumes ie apiculate or snewroent, glabrous in

other examples, but in Kunth’s F. dregeana hispid on the back in

the upper part; nut + the food of the glume, ellipsoid trigonous,

pyramidal at either end, smooth, dull intense black ; s tyle-branches 3:

ees in Linnea a, X. 170; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvil. 75. F. dregeana,

Kunth, Enum. ii. 259. F. preusta, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292.

Coast Raton ; Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Burchell, 427! Cape Flats, at

250 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Ficinia.

Doorn Hoogte, Zeyher, 4400! Table Mountain, Fleck! Riversdale Div.;

Hooge — near the Zoetemelks River, below agin fb Bone - Uitenhage

Div.; between the Coega sie Page Rivers, below 1 00 ft., Dre

CE eae eaoien Calvinia Div.; B okke Veld sends as Vien Vallei,

2000-2500 ft., Drége, 2 2458!

The i Sevier Drége’s) refer to the typical F. levis, Nees, whic

the flower-glumes (as throu ee out the genus) glabrous. are is closely iid t

F, hat po (w ay wit ch it agrees as to points not mentioned in the abov

description), but has pin stems and leaves, and less eine spikelets.

The plant of Drége, whic unth made a species, F. dregeana, differs from

F. levis, Nees, by having the flower-glumes hispid on t the upper part o of the back.

Future oa erties s of it may cause 2g to be admitted as a distinct species, ‘inagh

peach has united it with F. lev

34. F. brevifolia (Nees in Linnea, ix. 292) ; glabrous; rhizome

hardly any seen ; stems 1-2 ft. long, tufted, somewhat stout, each with

1 head ; sheaths scarious, torn, permost ‘with a short setaceous leaf

(up to 2 in. long), lower sheaths often with much longer setaceous

leaves ; bracts or more, spreading, lowest 1—4 in. long, setaceous,

usually much dilated orbicular and scarious at the base; head

frequently 1 by 1 in., conical, evidently compound, dense, with

numerous dark- act spikelets, but there are numerous much smaller

heads, some only + in. long with 3 spikelets; glumes ovate, eer

ra:

Kunth, Enum. ii. 263. Melaneranis radiata, Vahl, Enum. ii. 39;

ef. Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 51 in Obs. Hypolepis composita, Nees in

Linnea, vii. 525 partly.

/, Van. §, atrocastanea (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr

636); spikelets and beads shining black-chestnut. F. striata a, Drége, Plan

zengeogr. Documente 82, 185.

Coast REGIon: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 1000-3500 ft., Drege, 1588!

Bolus, 4761! MacGillivray, 415! Schina! Devils Mountain, 1200-1400 ft.,

Bolus, 3850! MacOwan and Bolus, Herb. Norm. 1398! Simons Bay, Milne,

234; MacGillivray, 416! Wright! Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountains, 1000-2000 ft.,

Drége! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 2000-4000 ft., Drege! Var. 8, Cape

Div. ; mountains near-Cape Town, below 1000 ft., Drége !

This species varies gre 3 it is usually stout with stout setaceous

leaves and bracts; but he ‘oletins made by Drége in pers = Division, at

000 ft., have very slender stems, small head of 3-5 spikelets, and filiform

bracts. One of Drége’s piaphen as a node, with 3 leaves, 28 i in. haat the

of the stem—an abnormality.

35. F. acrostachys (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect-

Fl. Afr. v.635); g eee Ages eo 8 in. in length, very slender ;

lowest. bract placed m an 1 in. below the head, 3 in. long,

filiform ; two. bracts ale nM the beats spreading, lower 1 in.

Ficinia.] cyprrace® (Clarke). 251

filiform, dilated at the base ; head 2 in. broad, depressed ovoid, dense,

chestnut ; glumes ovate, mucronate ; nut 2 the length of the ’ glume,

obovoid- ellipsoid, trigonons, black, minutely transversely lineolate ;

style-branches 3 linear; gyno ophore small, a age margin

entire P. composita, Kunth, Enum, ii. 263 partly. Hypolepis com-

posita, Nees in Linnea, vii. 525 partly. Lsolepis acr ostachys, Schrad.

oer Fl. Cap. 23 in note. Scirpus acrostachys, Steud. in Flora,

Coast Region : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 870!

Steudel, who originally des ca this species, had only the upper gk: of the

stem, eke all Ecklon Sacre ns show. The plant, however, doe match

BEY. species; it is nearest, ekene to F. tenuifolia, Kunth, oie pe more

‘itinisebies spikelets and a more compound head.

36. F. dasystachys (Cc. B. Clarke) ; Biainies stems 16 in. long,

tufted on a short woody rhizome, each with one head; uppermost

a curved, long, not setaceous ; bracts or more, spreading,

lowest 12 in. long, similar to the leaves, very a dilated at the

base ; ; head iin. broad, manifestly compound, dense, with numerous

spikelets, pale brown : ‘aliens ovate, apiculate ; aisisiin short for the

genus, with small linear-lanceolate ‘white scabrous crest; nut (not

ripe) 2 the length of the glume, narrowly obovoid, trigonous ; style

shorter than the nut, branches 3 linear, long; gynophore small,

obpyramidal, margins entire.

Coast Region: Komgha Diy. ; pastures near Komgha, 2000 ft., Flanagan, 922!

leaves ‘i —s tae ee hes sa of ai? cl agi _ they

are ex tohidtinety on w, flat ded on the back, and 3-4-nerved to

the tip, where hey sar riainite pele Sa a do the lhe in a white daltoaity.

7. 37. F, gracilis (Schrad. Anal. FI, Cap 44) ; gl labrous ; rhizome

3 by 3 in,, clothed b y rigid, lanceolate, sate, dull brown scales 3 in,

ia (usually Oin ane examples) ; s 6-16 in. long, tufted,

ach with 1 head; leaf on the ee Se pre long, often 3 the

Ing, lowest ite in, similar to the odecs not much dilated at the

bas €; head ae - in diam., manifestly mpoeee of 6-20 ep

Saas mucro, or subacute; nut 2 ngth 0 the glume,

bovoid, trigonous, ashy-black, minutely transversely interrupted

neolate ; style shorter than t ut, branches 3 linear, long;

Linnea, x.172; Kunth, Enum. ii. 256; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii.

a P. Poiretii, Kunth, Enum. ii. 255; Boeck. in i XXXVil.

5. re gracilis, Poir. in Lam. Eneye. vi. 763, in Eneye.

Suppl. v » 102; Spreng. in Flora, 1829, i., Beil. cil. Isolepis

yracilis, joie in Linnea, vii. 493; x. 161, not in Wight, Contrib.

252 CYPERACEE (Clarke). [Ficinia.

109. J. lineata, Nees in nh x. 160; Kunth, Enum. ii. 215.

di aie obit Syn. Pl. Glum. 98.

R. 8, com ta (C. B. Clarke in Bangg and ig oe Fl. Afr. v

6s); head sg subspicate ; low ract 5); in. dis F. com mmutata,

Kunth, eo 25 6 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxx vii. 71. Tsolepi roasiate,

Linnea 161. Ficinia gracilis, Nees in Linnea, viii. 91. purges

gracilis, Nose in Linnea, vii.

So RICA : without locality, a Pag 17! Harvey, 360

bet

Coast ieee Riversdale Div n Great Vals pots and Toth elks

River, Burchell, 6576! Mossel Bay Div. 5 - ye as Kloof, Gill? Humansdorp

Div.; grassy places in Lange Kloof, near Kromme River Heights, pun 2692!

Uitenhage Div.; near ee 000 ft. , Drége, 7419! Albany Div. ;

tops of hills near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan, 186 ! 1973! Var. B, Stellen-

bosch Div., Ecklon, 1894 at

CentraL Region: Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, 4000 ft., MacOwan, 1970!

ft.

ASTERN REGION: Pondoland, Bachmann, 115 ! Natal, Buchanan, 89! 332!

Also found on Kilimanjaro in Tropical Africa.

38. F. latinux (C. B. Clarke); glabrous; stems 5-Gin. long,

rigid; sheaths pale brown, fimbriate; uppermost leaf 2 in. long,

linear, rigid ; head scarcely + in. in diam., dense, with 10-12 spikelets,

compound (a second per A head added on one stem); bracts 9,

up to lin. long, linear, rigid, spreading, a little dilated at the base;

glumes ovate-lanceolate, sub-obtuse, much striated, er style 3-fid,

searcely dilated at the base ; gynophore small ; mee obovoid,

trigonous, truncate at the top, black, transversely eigen:

Coast Reaton: Uitenhage, Ecklon and Zeyher! in Lubeck Herbarium.

ah <a at Kew.

of the transversely rugose nut, this was associated 1 in herb.

iene with 5 tenuifolia, Kunth; from which it differs in the 5 rigid bracts

imp, ying a onal La rg and the rigid thicker hoes. The truncate, almost

emarginate most Ficinias, which have a nut with a depr ressed-

pyramidal Bs

39. F. setiformis (Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 45); glabrous; stolons

clothed by pale-brown gen oe seales 4 in. long, harden ning

into tough rhizomes +5 in. in dia to 4-8in. long in herbarium

examples ; stems 4-12 in, es tufted. slender but rigid, not setaceous,

each carrying one head ; sheatl s subentire, uppermost ‘truncate, wi

a well-developed leaf ; leaves 4-2 the length of the stem, 3'5 in. or

less green-marked ; lowest bract 1-22 in. lar to t

leaves, much dilated and Pig or at the base ; — chestnut,

striate, enti ot seari ; flower-glumes ovate, acute, m ronate,

or mpty, often obtuse, more or less searious; stamens 3; an

fence with small linear- lanceolate white crests ; nut 2 the jength “al

the glume, obovoid, trigonous, smooth, black, microscopically reticu-

late ; style about + he ‘Ten net th of the nut, branche es 3 linear, long;

gynophore obconic, dark-brown, margin with 3 obtuse lobes in W well-

Ficinia.] CYPERACE® (Clarke), 253

developed examples. FF, atrata, hesg tn Linncea, ix. 292; x. 167.

F. pallida, Nees in Linnea, ix. 2921 FF. pallens, Nees in crea

x. 169. FP. striata, Kunth, "Enum. 257; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii.

69. Schenus striatus, Thunb. Prod. 16; Fl. Cap. ed Schult. 91;

Schrad. Anal, Fl. 1. Cap. 25 in note. S. indicus, Lam. Ill. i. 135 ;

Lncyc. i. 740, excluding the jigures cited. 8S. coronatus, Steud. in

Flora, 1829, 136. S. atratus, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 24, t. 4 » Jig. 1.

8. pallens, Satna. Anal. Fl. Cap. 25; Nees in Linnean, viii. 85.

Chetospora striata, Dietr. Sp, Pl. ii. 27. Hypolepis atrata, Nees in

Linnea, vii, 525 ¢ n note ; vill. 85, 98.

P Ad AR. B, Pe Se llum (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

43) ; bra 2 vigid, much dilated at the base, oe Nyon. tightly the

small head. : Capitellum, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292 ; x. Schenus Bi Shocrie sg

hunb. Prod. 16; ri Cap. ed Schult. 91; Steud. 2 ine 1829, 137. &.

Hera Steud n Flora, 1829, 126. hashes Capit, a Sp. Pi.

pt Epis Coxtialhum, Nees in Linnea, v

Sou AFRICA: without locality, Sieber. gy 104! Papp, bap 98! 100!

Berges, “ST! de bet Boivin, 486! Rehmann, 1180T 1791! Var. B, Thunberg,

Cane Bacio : Mal mesbury Div. ; Hopefield, Bachmann ! r

Cape Town, Tha inberg, Bur chell, 460! Harvey, 189! Bo lus, 4738! Cee F Flate, wae

Rondebosch, Burchell, 187! _ near Wynbe re Drege! f Cape Sand-dunes, Zeyher!

Table Moun abled. near Cape Town, below 1000 ft., Drege!

Sea Poing, Pons 62 ! oan ca Div. ; oo ages ains by the lower part of the

Zonder Kinde Rives, 500-2000 Mes das rae ido Rs By gor a near Cape

In one head of the oe marked by Drége, “ F. radiata, Kunth, a,” the

Sait, bract is Lin, dis

Town, torn, uppermost bearing a leaf; leaves 3—} the length of the

stem, very ri id, ;1; in. wide at the base, channelled, but nearly solid,

triquetrous for their whole length ; bracts 3-5 (head evidently com-

ound), green or yellowish, lowest up to 22 in. long, dilated at the base

with green rete above the base similar to the leaves, very rigid ;

head $ in. in diam. ; glumes more than + in. long, ee fo aa

Ecopically marked transversely with undulating lines ; gynophore

Short, obpyramidal, F Bolusti, Boeck. in Engl. Jahrb. v. 506

4B. 8, compacta (oR. Clarke) ; lead + in. broad, et tigi soo

chestnut-coloured (as are the shining bracts) ; leafs aths n conspicu F.

"ata? a, Drege, Pflanzengeogr. Documente 82,

Sourm Arrica : without ape Sieber, 102! es appe, 93 :

50 ast REGIon: Ca Diy. uizen Berg, 1800 ft., Soil 4233! sein

Sir. Caledon Diy.; Nieuw iciook Houw Hoek Mountains, Bure 815:

Dra echter, 7427! Var . B, Worcester Div. ; Dotoite Kl 3000—4000 ft,

ge, 2459!

254 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Ficinia.

Bolus, 4288 (the type of F. Bolusii, oe pea with tig

ege

er, and also referred to Ff. lithosperia re Boeck ; differs a good ial in

41. F. lucida (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. 640); bracts brown with scarious margin; nut-bearing

glumes more than 1 in. long, scarious, except the keel; half-ripe

nut narrow-obovoid ; fae hore narrow, as long as a half-ripe nut ;

otherwise much as s slender aia of . lithosperm

ast Reeion : Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder Bergen, 2900 oa Shaw in Herb.

Bolus, 6023 !

42. F. pinguior (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 641); as though a stouter form of FP. lithospermea ; leaf-

sheaths with very large white-scarious edges; bracts dilated at the

base with white-scarious edges; spikelets leaden brown; nut-bearing

glume obtuse ; nut — obovoid, trigonous, smooth ; otherwise

ay as FP’. lithospe rma

SouTH ite about locality, Harvey, 348 !

Coast Ree Cape Div.; Muizen Berg, 800-1200 ft., MacOwan and

oh Herb. Fae. Aust.-Af7., 1896 ! Schlechter, 592! False "Bay , Robertson - !

43. F. pygmea (es in Linnea, xxxvil. 82) ; glabrous ;

rhizome horizontal, 1-21 in. long in the dried examples, + in. thick,

densely elothed by ovate- lanceolate, pale-brown > Y in. long;

stems {-1 in. long, standing solitary, 1-1 in. apart, each with

1 head ; leaves tufted, 1-21 y z5 in, dhapslicd near the base,

solid upwards, trigonous bracts 33, ower 3-1 in. long similar to

oie i i long

elongate, acute; stamens 3; anthers linear, with short lanceolate

scabrous white crest ; style slender, long, ip sect 3 linear ; pistil

very young, carpophore of the genus minute, distine

Coast Reeion : Clanwilliam Div.; Lange Vallei, near Pen Fontein,

1000-1500 ft., Drege, 2464

spikelets 1 (very rarely 2) in the Yoncte, vas small, weak, At:

flowered ; nut-bearing glumes + in, long, lanceolate, acuminate, pale-

brown, very thin, hardly striate, resembling the upper male or empty

Fieinia.} CYPERACES (Clarke). 255

glumes in other species; nut 2 as long as the glume, obovoid, tri-

gonous, smooth, black ; style not longer than the nut, branches 3

long, linear ; gynophore short, obconie, teeth 3, often rather long.

chenus scartosus, Thunb. Prod. 163 71. Ca . ed. Schult. 91.

S. filiformis, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 260, excluding syn. of Lam. Melan-

eranis scariosa, Vahl, Enum. ii. 239 ; Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 49,

t. 2, fig. 4; Neus in Linnea, x. 140; Eunth, Enum. ii. 264; Steed.

in Flora, 1829, 153. M. nigrescens, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. vs

ees in Linnea, x. 141. . gracilis, Nees in Linnea, ix. 287

Kunth, Enum. ii. 265. M. rigidula, Nees in Linnea, x. 141; ;

Kunth, Enum. ii. 265. Scirpus scariosus, Roem. et Schultes, Syst.

u. 61; Mant. 40, not of Thunb. Hypolepis scariosa, Nees \\ in

Linnea, vii. 521, eo nigrescens, Nees in Linnea, vii. 522.— Pluk.

Alm. t. 416, Sig.

Souta Arrica: without locality, Thwnberg, Sieber, 105! Bergius! KR.

Brown! Boivin, 490! Hope! Menzies! Harvey, 386! Mund and Maire !

Coast REGION: Clanwilliam Div. ; Lange aa ra 1000 ft., Drége /

e Town !

I 00~—3'

Rehmann, 908! MacGillivray, 413! Drege! MacOwan and Bolus, Herb.

Norm, Aust.-Afr., 1895! Ecklon, 866! Cape Flats, easel Cape Town and

Simons Bay, Burchell, 8541! Worcester Viv. : mountains above Woreester r,

! 2672! oe i yher ! Eli

ft., Schlechter, 7682 ik Knysna Div. near the Keurbooms River, Burchell,

5138! at the Ford a of the Knysna am “Burchell, 5521! Uitenhage Div

¢ er, 948

CENTRAL vida “Som erset pe. ; at Commadagga, Burchell, 3293!

Bosch Berg, 4000 ft., Wiccan: 1971 :

zZ ESTERN REGION: Little Lena yh and! Harde Veld, 2000-3000 ft.,

“eyher, 4378! near Mieren Kasteel, below 1000 ft. , Drége. Modder Fontein

ae 4000-5000 ft., Dréye? Kamies Bergen, 3000-4000 ft., Drége !

¥. is no t easy to nsomy ngs how any confusion arose between this and

8 scariosa, Nees, as there is similarity in structure, nt it be said that a

ract of the present plant. nto a flower-glume of F, scart

a 45. F. fastigiata (Nees in Linnza, x. 170); glabrous ; if er

| tdly any seen (fide Boeckeler is slender ae - stem in.

ong, tufted, slender, each with 1 head; leaves 4-12 in. pee xs in.

broad. at the base, ‘that on the uppermost sheath shorter; bracts

ista

far, crest minute; nut 2 the length of the glume or

(a e for th : horter “than

h ge for the genus), trigonous, smooth, brown ; style shorte

ig li. 78. F. picta, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292. Schanus

gag Thunb. Prod. 16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 91, not of Lam.

cpus fastigiatus, Thunb. Prod. 18; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 99.

eynert ARICA without locality, Thunderg, Pappe, 101! Drége! Ecklon and

Coast Recion : Cape Div.; near Wynberg, Drége, 164!

256 CYPERACE# (Clarke). | Ficinia.

PE 46. F. coiug. wal ieee in Linnea, x. 178) ; eet rhizome

2 in. or more long, } in. diam., woody, oblique; stems 1-2 ft.

long, iriniass slender, each bearing a small panicle, fog nents

reduced to a spike or almost a hea ; leaves 2 in. long, setaceous ;

bracts setaceous, very Title dilated at the base, avihag 1-2 in. long ;

panicle, the largest seen, } by 4 in.; spikelets § by 7s in, uniform

dull brown ; glumes ovate, keel excurrent in a mucro; stamens a5

anthers linear, with small linear white erest; nut hardly 2 the

yle

than the nut, branches 3 linear, longish ; eg very sm

Kunth, Enum. ii. 263 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxv

Soutnu Arrica: without locality, R. Brown! Dré

REGION : —_ a Div.; near M eee Burl, 54731! Albany Div.;

damp places in woods near i pee act 2000 ft Mae Owan, 1240!

RAL ReGIon: ‘Poise et Div.; Bosch je 4000 ft.! MacOwan, 1240!

as seen), Wuaey stems 4-8 in. long, tufted, angular ; leaves longer

than the stems, ;1, in. wide, anes much incurved, minutely scabrous ;

sheaths brown, ‘torn ; inflorescence spieate, with the lowest bract

1 in, distant, or Me A often of one Tread 0 only; bracts 2 or 3, similar

to the leaves, at the base lanceolate-dilated, hardly make lowest up

to 2-3 in. long ; spikelets } in. long, dull red ; lumes ovate, acumi-

he length of

i 47. F. anceps (Nees in aoe x. 179); glabrous; rhizome short

(

ate ut

smooth ; style-branches 3 lineur, longish ; gynophore narrowly ob-

pyramidal, a slightly 3-lobed. Kunth, Enum. ii. 263 ; Boeck

in Linnea, xxxvii. 79.

ni AFRICA: without age wine ’ Leyher!

ast ReGion: Cape Div en Berg, in fissures of rocks, 1300 ft

Sacoved and Bolus, Herb. pg tak -Afr., 1897! Simons Town, Ecklon!

fi 48. F. monticola (Kunth, Enum. ii. 261); glabrous; rhizome

(seen) short, woody ; stems 6-14 in. long, tufted; leaves usually 5

the length of the stem, ;'; in, broad, edges inrolled, sheaths white,

—S torn ; inflorescence a narrow panicle or spike, up to 24 bY

; lowest bract often + in. distant, overtopping the neem

pte to the leaves, much dilated at the base, chestnut, with w

searious edge (often very conspicuous) ; glumes pi nel

gynophore narrow, rather long — crise oeck. t mers

Coast REGION endam Diy. ; between eis and radon, 3000-

4000 ft., Drége, rd Boge near Swellendam, below 4000 ft., Zeyher, 44

iy 49. F. bulbosa (Nees in Linnea, viii. 91); glabrous; stolons

elongate, clothed by Shere me scales 3 in, long, b hardening into

woody rhizomes 3);—;'5 n dia stems 4-16 in. long, ‘tatted ;

leaves 2 the length at ae didi rites ; sheaths with white

;

‘

Ficinia.} Cyprrace® (Clarke), 257

scarious torn margins, sometimes brown and much less eee

spikes 1 in. diam., globose, gg ee brown, 7 1-8 a

simply ‘spicate ; ; bracts 1- long, similar the leaves, over-

topping the inflorescence, dilated at. the base, i. Cees gens

conspicuous, or sometimes hardly dilated es all; spikelets } in.

ovoid, 4-10 in each spike; glumes ovate, nerve ex ai 2 nut

hardly 2 2 the length of the glume, obovoid, uaa smooth ; ’ style

shorter than the nut, branches 3 linear, long; gynophore “small,

Nees in Linnea, x. 176; Kunth, Enum. ii. 261; Boeck. in Linnea,

xxxvul, 85, eens bulbosus, Linn. Mant. 198. S. spicatus,

Ca:

Scirpus siiioaa, Rottb. Descr. et i 53, t: 16 6, Jig. 8: Steud.

i in Flora, 1829, ra S. vaginatus, Thunb. Prod. 17; Fl. Cap.

ed. Schult. 96. 8. bicapitatus, Poir. in Lam. Encye. vi. 761.

S, biceps, Roem. et Schultes, Syst. Veg. ii. 134. Isolepis bulbosa,

Nees in Linnwa, vii. 507, excluding syn. Scheenus bulbosus, Thunb.

SourH Arrica: without eons kyr Sieber, 110! 163! R. Brown!

Bergius, 181! Petit Thouars 18! Re n, 485! Harvey, 344!

oast Rr Lay Cape Div Ca “it Town, Bolus, 4864 ! Rehmann, 1796!

s Bay, Burchell, 326! Tas ns tau mp, Pappe ! Constantia, Zeyher! Table

Mountain, Ecklon, 112! Drége! Schlechter, 347! near Rondebosch, Bolus,

4493! Worcester Div. ; Mountai 2 -. Drége. 285

‘opes of the Drakenstein Mountains, near Bains Kloof, 1600 ft., baie 4076!

— ndam Diy.; bet I} —— and Zonder Kinde , —

Riv

7492! Kuysna Div v.; sand-hills near the west end of Groene Valle, Burchell,

as peas Div. » Ecklon pear Zeyher, 666! Port Elizabeth Div. 5 along the

Cast rag ere

/ 50. F. s aif a (Kunth, Enum. ii. 262); glabrous; stolons long

se ey to 6 in. long), clothed by pale- -brown striate lanceolate

Scales 2 in. flags hardening into wiry rhizomes 3}; in. in diam

stems 4~—16 in. long, tufted ; leaves often as long as the stem, hardly

in. bro solid and triangular in the upper half;

“Sheaths white or brown, often much torn, sometimes less con-

: resc

spikelets, rine solitary, stand 1-1 apart subspirally, sessile; bracts

e leaves, usually overtopping the spike ; spikelets + in.

long, ellipeod, hard, shining chestnut or chestnut-red ae es

eg ume, obovoid-ellipsoid, tri

serine h nut, bra 5.3 linear, long; gynophore obeonic,

0 oe subentire. Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvil. 86 @nus

= ol. 16; Fl. Cap. ed Schult. 94. S. bulbous

B, ue i 6. 8. dispar, Spreng. Neue Entd. 1 3.8

P.§, ap. 40, t. 4 ” fig. 33 Nees in Linnea viii. 9

teheri, Schrad, Avil, FI. Cap. 48 ; Nees in Linnea, x 190.

Papport, ATBICA : without locality, Thunberg, Sieber, 109! 115! Sonnerat !

Poni oe Clanwilliam Div.; between Lange Vallei and Heeren Loge-

258 cyperace® (Clarke). [Ficinia.

t, below 500 ft., Drége ! Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Bolus, 4863! Cap

Fate’ Zeyher, 1781! Knysna Div. ; er the west end of Groene Vallei, Burchell,

5642 ! Uitenhage Div., Harvey, 126! 1

Gl, 3. vie pe te ee chaps vbis ss Docume

185); glabrous; rhizome short, woody; stems 12-20 i long,

tufted, slender; leaves £8 i in. long, =; in. ae doutotie near

the base, solid upwards ; sicallla brown fimbriate ; ages narrow-

oblong (nearly reduced to a compound spike), 21 by 2 in., lowest

bract often 3 in. distant; bracts often 4—6 in. long, aaa to the

stamens 3; anthers linear, minutely white- crested ; nut 2 the length

of the glume, obovoid, trigouous, smooth ; style shorter than the

nut, branches 3 linear, long; gynophore small Peete margin

subentire. F. comparbergensis, "Steud. Syn. Pl.

CentRAL ReGion: Graaff Reinet Div-; Compass isn 6000-7000 ft., Drege,

ye ! ae Berg Range, 4500-8000 ft., Bolus, 704! Colesberg Div.,

e, 52. F. trichodes (Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 1053); glabrous; stems

18 in. long, slender, branching from the base to the top; ae sa

leaves 2 in. long, capi i lower stem leaves sometimes ;’5 12-

broad ; peduncles 1-2 in. long, axillary, with 1. spikelet ; low

braet 2-1 in. long, iuiak te the anak dilated at the base ; spikelet

trigonous, smooth ; style rather shorter than the nut, branches 3

linear, long; gynophore narrowly obconic, margin subentire.

Acrolepis trichodes, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cup. 42, t. 2, fig. 5; Nees

in Linne@a, vill. 90; x. 129; Kunth, Enum. ii. 331; Boeck. +

Linnea, xxxvii, 90. H, ophialium capillifolium, Nees in Linnea,

viii, 90. Hemichlena capillifolia, Nees in Linnea, vii. 530

excluding syn. H. trichodes, Nees in , Lanne, vill. 90.

SourH AFRica: without locality, Sieber, 95! Ecklon and b Zeyher 116! Zeyher;

2426, 2427. Batre apap ee

Seg 5 Rueion: Cape Div.; near ap own, Burchell, 411! Table Moun-

, Hesse ee Schrader). eg arsed Div.; Houw Hoek Mountains, 2500 ft.,

Schlechter , 7551

ner the tas presi — pa species differ greatly from Fic inia in

habit but the = peer altogether as of Eu-Ficinia. See Benth. in Benth. et

k. f. Gen. Pl. ii 1053.

Sour Arrica : without — Zeyher, 2423! Ecklon and Zeyher, 1 116 5B!

No specimen in Kew Herbari —$<—<

“4

- Foinia] cyperace® (Clarke), 259

54. F. ramosissima (Kunth, Enum. ii. 262) ; ; rather stouter than

I F. trichodes in all parts; lower stem leaves =; in., or even i

road; peduncles with 1-3 spikelets, or even 5-6 in a minute

panicle ; otherwise as FP. trichodes. Acrolepis ramostssima, Boeck. in

Linnea, xxxvii, 89.

ae cg ll Cape paid oe fn To ae ae rat ——

w Kloof, Gone Hoek Burchell, Kny Div. ;

aa Jit ear the west end of deo Valle rors 07 ' “Cnioial Div. ;

mountains ree the Klip River, — Ke ~— River, t., Drége!

Uitenhage Div., Harvey, 123! Port Biz Div. ; on it “il by the sea-

shore at Port Elizabeth, Purchell, 42 96! Diten) Div., Williams

aang oS mages Mie — a Div “ar Camdeboo Mou ntain, 4000-5000 ft., Drege.

t of B ntjes oe Burchell, 3083! Bruintjes

chil and Bosch | iene 4500 ft., Me meter 1901

> Oo ¥. haere (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz,

Seted Fl. Afr, v. 635); glabrous; stolons short, clothed by

| & on brown baisenlats striate scales } in. long, hardening into a short

the leaves, lowest up to 2 in. long, dilated (or very little dilated) at

the base ; spikelets 2 by 1—1in., 1-7 clustered subdigitately, com-

in ren a Gel. Anz. iii. 2066; Anal. Fl. ee 41; Nees in "Linnea,

Vu. 531; x. 130; Kunth, Rnwn. ii. 330 partly ; ens in Linnaa,

XXXvii, 87 par tly. Hi. fascicularis, Steud, Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 2.

Finbristylis verata, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, ii. 31 g: cf. Boeck. in

lora, 1860, 178. Isolepis podocarpa, Boeck. in Flora, 1860, 179.

tai AFRICA: without locality, Bergius, 179! Harvey ! ! Ecklon and Zeyher,

~ Coast ivray, 414! (eset

ay 714! Paarl Bn” Gat eee Loe mae 2, 7407! Worcest

an ’ Tulbagh Div.; Mosterts Berg near Mitchells Pass, 2000 ft,

Bole us, 5810

This species, with the two a <2. allied — forms a = pH

group; but the flowers are SO exac 4 those of Eu-Ficinia that it is not con-

Venient to treat the croup as a gens on habit only, mone Bentham bes iene

nar Aap longifolia (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Pai

“i - 640) ; stems branched, leafy 1-6 in. above their bases,

260 ovperacea (Clarke). ( Ficinia.

carrying 1-2 spikelets ; spikelets pig larger ; glumes more brightly

white-edged ; otherwise nearly as Ff. angus ustifo lia. Hemichlena

longifolia, Nees in Pci x 383 : x. 129; Kunth, Enum. ii. 330;

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 88. H. angustifolia, Kunth, Enum. ii.

330 partly ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 87 part Schaenus cari-

cowles, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 137. Eleogiton ida. Dietr. Sp.

i. 71, 99.

oh helen without agg cing Pah ,

ast KrGion : Cape Div ag a Burchell, 638! Ecklon, 864!

Milne, 216! MacGillivray, 412! gn hh 4736.

re 57. F. fe ee (C. B. Clarke in yours and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 637); stem slender, long (up to 30 in. in herbarium

ae aA branched and leafy nearly Neate dhe its jae leaves

very narrow, upper capillary; spikelets r: sathat slenderer ; otherwise

as ee lon sta ie Hemichlena capillifolia, Schrad. in Goett. Gel. Anz.

i. 2066; Anal. Fl. Cap. 40, t. 3, fig. 1; Nees in Linnea, viii. 90;

x. 130 iar in ey vii. 530); Kunth, Enum. ii, 330; Boeck. in

Linnea, xxxvii

South AFrRIcA: without ‘ages Mund and marie

Coast Reaion: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Hesse = ag ee George

iv.; on the lower part of the Pos 4 ties rg, near Race, Burchell, 6021! Oute-

niqua Mountains, Rehmann, 69!

Imperfectly known species.

58. F. nuda (Boeck. in apron XXXVlil. agit ; stolons horizontal,

as thick as a pigeon’s quill; stems 8-7 in. long, filiform tufted ;

leaves G- 2 upper) 2-1 in. long, said. rigid, se “brown ‘spikelets

4-1, clustered, ~5 in. long, 4- flo wered ; “bracts 0 ; glumes clustered.

liner-laneeolate style 3-fi i Pesiegeyum eylindri ric, margin shortly

3-lobed; nut + the length of t glume, narrowly obovoid, obtusely

hia hg rusty straw-colour, ES raised points

SouTH AFRICA: without locality, Petersen (ex Boeckeler).

59. F. tenuis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fi.

Afr. v. 645); stems filiform, glabrous; leaves filiform, overtopping

the stems; heads terminal, solitary, oblong ; bracts keeled-eonvex,

aristate, lower distichous, all with 4-flowered spikes ; ’

distichous, many-nerved, keeled, mucronate, 3 lowest empty 3 oVaTy

trigonous, on an entire disc; style-branches 3, very long. Melan-

eranis tenuis, Ecklon ex Kunth, Enum. ii. 965 ; but Kunth adds

‘* scarcely a Melancranis.”

South Arrica: without locality, collector not indicated.

XII. FUIRENA, Rottb.

Spikelet of many imbricate glumes, lowest 2 empty, many succeed-

ing glumes 2-sexual, perfecting nuts, aristate, hairy, uppermost male

or sterile. Hypogynous bristles 3, outer (sepals) small linear oF 0,

See

Puirena. } CYPERACER acne 261

r al

ibidh. Seb pes mendes or 0. Stamens 2. anterior, Siyle g ciate

linear, not dilated at the base; brane 3, long. sessile,

oe trigonous, in the typical species sedltned by “the 3 1 ciate

Rhizome (in the Cape § sone woody, pi i oe 3 stems in nodes vor leaves

ihe ghout their length [ex ot F. enodis}; inflorescence pan i a Sy

umbellate ; but in numerous ae ies Sond vile 1s dias, reduced be 1 or

adino spikes.—The very hairy aris he flower-glumes mn preen afy upwards

e this genus ~~ to tstin guish even when the datekaviathe teres A fail or

re like the bristles of Sci

Distris. Species 25; in alts warm countries, very alike in general appearance.

Sect. 1. Psrupo-Sciree&#.—No obovate or hastate interior bristles (petals).

Petals 0, MA minute line

Pan

e short ; ae: a smooth, white (1) pubescens,

Pa nile often longer; nut w hite, transversely

granular : ... (2) pachyrrhiza.

Hypog y nous bristles 4-6, s etaceous, simple, scabrou s [as

of m sl Serrp ua usually as long as the greenish- sii

nut ait ee ee ne ... vee (8) chlorocarpa.

Sect. 2, Ev-Furrena.—Petals with an obovate lamina (sometimes narrow)

but not mere Cieae bristles (in F. ewrulescens very rarely wauting altogether),

N pi su — culate ded reason of the short, oblong,

ansvers , outermo cells; ?

Paes as lo ng as a. nut, obtriangular, broad ... (4) microlepis.

ras 3 the sian of the nut, ae ene

5) gracilis.

Pe hs ne long a as the nut, aristate, elliptic or - narrow

obov (6) cerulescens,

Gi: brows except the back of the glumes ; ; leaves all :

sal ., .. (7) enodis,

Nut sm exon ooth, or obse seurely and most minutely reticulate :

Nut ata amie ga beaked, — -brown ; leaves

near] ny & lubro 8) glabra.

Nat s ssile, sheila, "white ; beak small, ‘conic . (9) Ecktonii.

Nut oe brown ; very hairy; heads-dense comose (10) hirta,

1, F. pu

are ae suceeeding species) ste sat in. long , triquetrous ;

Ut; style about 2 the length of the nut, branches 3 linear, much

rb than the style. Boeck. in Linnea, x xxxvii. 104 partly; C. B.

@ tm Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 665. Scirpus pubescens, Lam.

262 CYPERACE (Clarke). [Fuirena.

rg i. 1389; Desfont. Fl. Atlant.i. 52, 4.10. 8S. — Pers. Syn:

69 par tly. Carex gOS Poir. Voy. en Barb. 254, 317.

C Poireti, Gmel. Syst. Nat 140. Isolepis pene Roem. et

Schultes, Syst. ii. 118, not of 156 67.

SoutH Arrica: without Ioneaitity, Burke ce

Coast ReEeion: Albany Div.; Gr cia aon > waa ft., MacOwan, 1271!

at oe, ; near Cathcart, 4500, * # ma gp » 2

EGION: Somers ain aati foe A sie of

Conoadggn, Burchell, 3351! pee Derg, 4000 rs D ectigee 35

Kat I ReGion: Transvaal; Pretoria, Relnown, 4770! aieks Valley,

Ho ah ; er Brena = neat Barbert ton, 4000 ft., i 1363! ;

ERN Recion: Tembuland; Buzeia, 2000 ft. Baur, 286! Griqualand

ecee ouke of senna near Kokstad, 5000 ft., Tyson, 15 !

Extends from Portugal and Corsica throughout Africa to the Punjab.

re many young examples from South Africa, besides those cited here,

o F. pubescens in herb, Kew, from the inflorescence >and general aspect,

probably share: In the account here given of Ca ies of Fuirena, examples

so young that nothing can be made out about the raat or petals are in genera al not

“ited.

2. F. pachyrrhiza (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 161);

rather stouter; panicle often 4-8 in, long, with several satitare long-

peduneled heads ; spikelets a very little larger ; nut sm all, white,

minutely transversely granular ; otherwise as in /. pubescens, Kunth.

P. macrostachya, Boeck. in Eng, Jahrb. v. 507.

geet Region ;: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5625! Houtbosch Berg,

Nelson,

mics ann Delagoa Bay, Junod, 368!

Widely distributed in Tropical Africa.

Wood 1194, Natal (very young), may also belong to F. pachyrrhiza.

3. F. chlorocarpa (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 159);

rather slenderer ; spikelets narrower, cylindric; glumes very little

pointed (for ge nus Fuirena), the points not at all recurved;

hypogynous bristles 4-6, about as long as the nut, exactly linear-

setaceous retrorsely hispid, altogether as of Scirpus; nut dull-brown

of a greenish tinge ; otherwise as the two preceding species.

Katanart REGIon: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5614! 91

— Prevage Pondoland, Bachmann, 118! Natal, Buchanan, 342

Also in Tropieal Africa and Madagascar,

a 4. F. microlepis (Kunth, Enum. ii. 182 partly) ; spikelets 4

long, in rather dense subglobose rea petals broadly o obtriangular

rown, 3-nerved, as long as the nut, ‘nearly sessile, hardly micro

scopically apiculate ; nut reticulated by short Ss ng transverse cells,

ip minute; otherwise as the 3 precedin pecies. F, glabra,

Ecklon ex Krauss in Flora, 1845, 757, not of Kunth. F. pe esti

Boeck, in Linncea, xxxvii. 104 pa urtly.

Eastern ReGion: Natal; Flats near Durban, Drége, 4339! Uwlaas,

Krause, 59! yl! near + eke: Wood, 213! Delagoa Bay, Junod, 37! 232!

ah a ek ee

Gee ee

Fuirena.] CYPERACER (Clarke). 263

| Ie 5. F. gracilis (Kunth, Enum. ii. 181); petals asi about 2 the

ugth of the nut, clawed, nearly square, hairy, nerveless ; nut with

a conie scabrous tip ; : otherwise as the preceding ee Boeck, %

tnmea, Xxxvii. 100. F. microlepis, Kunth, Enum. ii. 182 pair

£, Ecklonii, Nees in Linnea, x. 143 partly.

Sourn Arrica: without psn eg ie 1757!

— Sig EGION: Queenstown 3 Shiloh, 3500 ft., ", 892

Eastern Reaion: ten ‘St. Marks Division. on the — of the

Isi 80 gi 2000 ft., Baur, 7241 Transkei ; between Gekau and the Bashee

River, 1000-2000 ft., Drege, 4341! 4338!

Kunth —— Dré pee 4338, 4339, to his F. microlepis, while he named Drége

4341, F. gracil all ev — 4341 is identical hoa Roe (they were collected

at the same hint , Pass she engeogr. Documente 146) and is _ ra d Le the

name gracilis. I have rae a an Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 647)

applied the name microlepis to Drége 4339 to avoid introducing a oa ‘ame,

: a be doubted whether there is more than one species here altogether ; indeed

eckeler has taken Drege 4338 and 4339 as only F. pubesce yer Ems view quite

ee but which will cut the genus Fuirena down to 4 or 5 spec

-P

unth, Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 125; Se rad. Anal, Fl, Cap. 31; Nees

in Linnea, vii a10; x. 143: "Kun ath, Enum. ii. 180; Boeck. in

Linnea, xxxvii, 102 excluding the Tadign examples.

' bi 8, Buchanani (C. B. Clarke) ; stout; panicle 4 in. long, with numerous

EAC

Soutn Arrica: without. pei —— and Zeyher, 36»! 36c!

Coasr Region: Cape Div.; be r Gape Towa arvey, 177! Cape Flats,

KasteRN Regro : Natal; i bedi and Umzimkulu Rivers, we

yp ada, Wond, 1620! and w t precise locality, Bolton, Rehman

8443! 8600! Dela igoa Bay, Junod, bee ‘Var. B: Natal, Buchanan, 120!

£. ceru inten mes differ cutive in size and form; in some examples

they nea ae aa e disappear. Var in its nut and long panicle resembles

i puchyrrhiza, but then it has fairly hevtoodl petals.

7. F. enodis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. x ¥. Sou glabrous, Bip ish os backs of the flower-glumes ;

aie as of Fuirena ; sepals 8 3, ine setacoous, Peabein ig

264 CYPERACEX (Clarke). [ Fuirena.

reticulated by minute short-oblong transverse cells; tip conic

rous,

HARI ReGIon: Griqualand West; Hay Division, at Griqua Town,

Burakett 1865!

One of the few well-marked species in ba Genus: its glabrousness and in-

florescence would suggest Scirpus as the gen

Ps 8. F. glabra (Kunth, Enum. ii. 182, not of Ecklon) ; stems and

leaves more than usually glabrous; petals elliptic, brown, 3-nerved,

the linear points overtopping the nut, hairy ; nut small, stalked,

globose, acutely 3-angled, very smooth, yellow-brown, beak long,

subulate hispid ; otherwise as F, paved or F. ceerulescens, Steud.

Boeck, in Linnea, xxxvii. 101. Cyperus? hirsutus, Berg. Deser.

ap. 11; Kunth, knum. ti. 114, — Juncus, Buxbaum, Cent. iii.

29, ¢ 3.

Eastern ReGion: Tembuland; bank of the Meters gies below 1000 ft.,

Drios, 4343! iieailded East ; Ibisi River, Wood, 3

9. F. Ecklonii (Nees in Linnea, ix. ne leaves with some hair

hem, at least underneath ; petals neatly as long the nut,

or almos i

void, smooth, white, beak small, conic ; otherwise nearly as the

see ag species, pean s x. 143 partly. F. if Sioa ties

ar. B, Kunth, Enum. ii. 182. ¥. cwrulescens, Boeck. in Linnea

xxxvii. 102 partly Ye oe ‘glabra, Ecklon ex Drége, ¥ sfimmeigati

Documente 186.

Coast ReGion: Knysna Div.; Koratra, below 1000 ft., rab / Uitenhage

Div.; between Van Stadens Berg and Bethelsdorp, below 1000 ¢ . Drége ! and

without precise eT mh ay Alexandria Div.; Zuur Bong Range, 2 2000

t., Drége,

CENTRAL as nl Aberdeen Div.; Camdeboo Mountain, 4000-5000 ft.,

Dre

ege. .

Das Reson: Pondoland or Natal; between the Umtentu and Umzim-

kulu Rivers, Dréze

The ey of F. eckloniana, Boeck. (in charg: xxxvii, 109), does not

agree with that of F. Ecklonii, Nees here egiven. A sheet inthe Berlin Her bariam

contained formerly a plant, of F. h ath honed on ee was pinned the original

leserption 0 of F. Ecklonii in Whee hand—some drawin pgs by Kunth Satie

also superimposed

/ 10. F. hirta (Vahl, Enum. ii. 387); more hairy than the pre-

ceding species ; the long excurrent midrib of the glumes long-pilose,

. ceerulescens, and most of the preceding species. Sehrad. Anal.

Fl. Cap. 52; Steud. in Flora, 1829, 153; Nees in Linnea, vii. |

510; x. 142; ” Kunth, Enum. ii. 181; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 108. |

F, cephalotes, Sehrad. in GQvett. Gel. Anz. iii. 2071. F, erioloma,

Nees in Lannea, ix. 288; x. 142; Kunth, Enum. ii. 181. #. inter-

media, Kunth, Enum. ii. 181; ° Boeck. in alias, xxxvii. 101.

Fuirena. | CYPERACEX (Clarke). 265

ein hottentottus, “Linn. Mant. 182; Thunb. Prod. 18; Fl. Cap.

ed. Schult. 98. :

Sourd AFRICA; without locality, Thunbery, Sieber, 96! Drége, 4342!

Walch Thom, 907! Beryius, 177! Harvey, 340! Ecklon and Zeyher, 136 !

oast Reoion: Clanwilliam Div.; Jan Dissels Valley, below 1000 ft.,

‘Cape Div.; flats near Cape Town, Burchell, 57! Horvey, 175! Table

Mountain, Milne, 232! MacGillivray, 418! Burke, 314! Devils Mountain,

Ecklon, 34! 881! 882! Paarl Div. ; ountains, Drége, 7383! Worcester

iv., Caledon Div. ; bouw, near the Palmiet River, 700 fi Y

27! ossel Bay Div.; sand-hills near the landing-place 2 ossel Bay,

Burchell, 6249! Knysna Div. ; ugt, Bolus, 2500! Koratra, below 1 ft;

000 ft.

rege! Uitenhage Div. ; near "Uitenhage, Burchell, 4230! Ecklon and Zeyher,

168! Alban ny Div.; mountains near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan, 1356!

XIII. LIPOCARPHA, R. Br.

Spikelet of many spirally imbricate glumes, lowest 2 empty, many

succeeding glumes 2-sexua perfecting nuts, uppermost male or

sterile. Bracteoles (?) 2, very thin, scarious, ovate, parallel with the

giume, a ternate, anterior lower, enclosing the upper, which encloses

the nut. ypogynous bristles 0, unless the bracteoles represent

them. Stamens 3-1; anthers small, oblong. Style linear, not

dilated at the base, Pa eae ; branches 3-2 meal,

Stems with leaves at the base ie each bearing a dense head of 1-5 (rarely

7 spikelets 3; glumes very densely packed. This genus altogether —

the Mier ronthe: 8 ect. of Scirpus, and is confounded much therewith. a

Probably the ae affinity, as in Scirpus Isolepis, Boeck,, we have small scale:

sometimes 2 Se intermediate between the bristles of Scirpus and the sual

a. TE e " i iii } i

iv)

‘7

cf3

‘f

pal

_—

> S

—_ c

bi aie compared. with the two lowest male glumes in a head of Mapania is

Disrris. Species 14; in the warmer portions of both eet PA

oe cylindric ; glumes obtuse, tips closely appre (1) argentea.

ikelets Squarrose ; glumes with recurved excurrent spud (2) pulcherrima.

1. L. argentea (R. Br. in Tuckey, Congo, Append. 459) ; glabrous,

loatead Salar 6-24 in, long, tufted, nearly round, each with 1 head ;

faves 3 the length of the stem, —. by 2 in. broad, cimoat ‘ithe

“eh -

hiteas + by 3 in. (but they ienatien in fruit sical up to { in.

ng), ense, = merous flower-glumes, white or straw-

® rhachilla prominentl d sears; lower

A covered by lozenge-shape Ts; 10

betes % the length of the gl es e, hyaline, sti werd et :

‘ish, herve sometimes cbse Geo thin that if the nut is placed in

— we bracteoles enclosing it may be easily overlooked under a

nut Pe) ; upper bracteole similar but narrower ; stamens usually 2 ;

nite Shorter than the bracteoles, obovoid-el llipsoid, amis,

266 CYPERACE® (Clarke), [ Lipocarpha.

mooth, dark brown, aliens style linear, Page ees 3. linear,

a hide. Kunt num. 266 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii.

114 (excluding ee American pein et Gebel in Ann, Jard.

Buitenz. vii. 131, ¢. 14, fig. 18, and t. 15, figs. 19, 20; C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Bri. Ind, vi. 667. ee eae argenteum, Vahl,

Enum, ii, 283.

mong sane Transvaal ; Macalis Berg, vanoadast 1759! Burke, 76!

Reeio atal; Um alaas Ri ver, Krauss, 13! Inanda, Wood, 513!

and witkiet precise ‘locality, Buchanan, 114! 348! tie 8172!

Also in Tropical Africa, the ie Isles, South East Asia, Malaya, and

Queensland, A very common plan

2. L. aig sores feng in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, il.

spikele Yuzz1n.,8 e; glumes shreds: dark chestnut, with

a tong, ae yellow-green, recurved mucro ; eine hardly longer

wise resembling very small examples of the " preceding species.

L. tenera and L. ad adele: BORE: Cyp. Nova, i. 21.

KALAHARI ReGron: Transvaal; — a, at Koedus Poort, Rehmann, 4639!

and seicieart precise ‘eke, McLea i Hee. ms lus, 6025!

ASTERN REGION: Nata proc vit nn, 736

Scattered thronghout South ‘Tropical Frese

XIV. ASCOLEPIS, Steud.

Spikelet of many spirally imbricate glumes, lowest 2 empty, many

succeeding glumes 2-sexual perfecting nuts, uppermost male or

teri

thickened, in the Cape species ee ae the flower,

perhaps representing two lateral partially connate bracteoles. Hy-

pogynous bristles 0, unless the scale represents them. Stamens 3-2,

anterior to the glume; anthers linear-oblong, not erested. Style-

branches 2 or 3 (sometimes in one spikelet). Nut small, oblong oF

obovoid, unequally trigonous or nearly flat, smooth.

Stems with leaves at the base only, each bearing a head of 1-5 spikelets. | It is

porter Noe to sgheaiuraieas what the scale is, as there is nothing much like it in the

ole

Dis Species 8; in Africa and the ay Islands; one of which is

Pre praais nearly the whole of South Americ

vA 1, A. capensis (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser.

164);

glabrous ; rhizome short, weak ; stems 8- 16 ix in. long, as, vate

base, lowest 1-4 in. long; heads 1~2 in. in diam., white or white

straw-colour ; spikelets with the tips of the numerous scales spreading

on all sides, "completely obscuring the narrow oblong small glumes ;

scale utricular, flattened, with a slit on the posticous face through whieh

Ascolepis.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 267

the style peeps, and a large, solid, linear-conic, obtuse, white beak ;

style-branches 2 ; nut 1—2 the leng th of the scale (without its beak),

black. Platylepis capensis, Ku a Enum. ii. 269; Boeck, in

Linnea, xxxvii. 119. P. dioica, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ‘ii, 181,

Souta Arrica: without aig Sey 1762!

Coast Recion: Stockenstrom D Se t Berg, 4000-5000 ft., me

Kaanari — Orange Free ; Nelsons Kop, Cooper “ra ns-

|; Pretoria, at Koedus Poort, { eae ‘4638! Magalies Berg, ere ! Hooge

, 12!

EasteRN Recion: Tembuland ; damp places at hpi foot of Bazeia Mountain,

nd t., Bawr, 133! Pondoland; nears the mouth o a Umtentu River, Drége !

yf near Durban, Bu puerto ! Nood Age 8 Woo a, 126! fe ees Wood, 307!

. RYNCHOSPORA, Vahl.

pikelet of nace imbricate glumes, 3-4 lowest empty, smaller,

bs succeeding ae te 2-sexua ves nuts Ares rmost —

ik with leaves and nodes above the base in the South African species.

eo - Species 183 [i.e. inc rae Psilocarya, but excluding Dichromena

ri Sopot few comparatively in the Old World; very numerous in

erica, from New ein to a enn provinces.

hye 1 YLE&%, Ben Style nearly opens the two linear

ssid less than 1 the length of anitivided part of the s

ah yma -—Globular heads of spikelets usually more

oui Heads usually 3-5, often subumbelled .» (1) cyperoides.

Sara —Spike jets hen niculate (clustered « or solitar

a rs of spikelets many ; nut with beak } by ek in, (2) aurea,

sen of sitkalebs an fewer ; nut with beak} by }in. (3) spectabilis.

- Diptosty YLE#, Benth. Style-branches 2, linear, as long or longer

hy the nae part of the style. i

y —— bristles “ rn ial with teeth Hagioses

upwards ... (4) glauca.

vi nh cyperoides (Mart. in Denkschr. Akad. Wissen. Muench.

shott, sub Rhynchospord) ; glabrous or nearly so; rhizome horizontal,

eh » arising from basal offsets (very short stolons); stem 1-2 ft.

b tg trigonous at the top; leaves often overtopping the — 4-} In.

inf » Uppermost node and leaf often 6-12 in. above the base;

i S0-an when fully developed an elongate panicle, cometines

perf ®xamples) ; heads 1-2 in, diam m., dense, straw-coloured ; spikelets

ecting 1 or 2 2 nuts ; hypogynous " eiba 6, nearly as long as the

263 CYPERACER (Clarke). [| Rynchospora.

nut, brown, with teeth pointed upwards; nut 2 as long as the glume,

obovoid, compressed, chestnut-coloured ; beak ‘linear, longer than the

nut, white, scabrid; style very long, linear, ex xeerted, entire, or

microscopically 2-fid at the tip. R. poly ycephala, Kunth, Enum.

li. 291; Boeck. in Linnea, Xxxvil. 552. . triceps, Roem

pie Syst. Veg. ii. Mant. 50; Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 759, fe

Bo eck. Schenus fragiferus, Rudge, Guiana 15, t. 17. Mariscus

oiuiere. G. Bertol. in Rendiconti Ist, Bologna, 1853-4, 33; ™m

Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, v. (1854) 466, t. 24; of. Boeck. in Flora,

1861, sae Bs ian aig olig gocaphalus Hochst. in Flora, 1845,

t. 417, fig. :

Basra R REGION : Pondol nd; eae St. Johns River and ee a peri

1000 ft., Drége; Natal; ponds near Umlaas River, Krauss , 206!

Rehmann, 8607!

Rare in Tropical Africa and the Mascarene earls abundant in America from

Florida and Mexico to the Argentine province

. R. aurea (Vahl, Enum. ii. 229) ; glabrous or nearly 80; stem

a3 ft. long ; leaves elongate, 4—} in. broad, robust ; panicle oblong,

upwards ; nut Sacra, beak) iby 4-4 es in., obovoid, ae

brown, smooth (sometimes with a notch on each side) ; beak very

narrow-triangular, longer than the nut; style about 4 in. long, very

narrow, entire or nearly so. Beauv. F i. d@ Owar. ii. 39, #. 81, fig. =5

Kunth, Enum. ii. 293; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 626 ; C. B. Clarke

in Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 670. Scirpus cor, ymbosus, ” Linn. Amoen.

Acad. iv. 303; Sp. Plant. ed. 2,76. Schaenus surinamensis, Rott.

Deser. et Ic. 68, t. 21, fig. 1.

EastEerRN Reeion : ae Herb. Schinz ! No South African specimen at Kew.

Widely distributed i e Tropical and Sub. Bytes regions of both Hemi-

spheres, an abundant dies “batt not plentiful in Africa

. R. spectabilis (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 760); panicle long,

oxilanys spikes condensed nearly into heads ; spirale larger and

browner than in #. aurea ; nut (including beak) 3 by 2 in. ; otherwise

. macrocarpa, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 629.

Cal, yptrostylis Rudge, Hochit. tn Flora, 1845, 7 60. C. macrocarp a,

ee ees ex Bueck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 6

ERN ReGion: Natal —. near Umlaas River, Krauss, 210! marsh

near pears 300 ft,, Wood, 4001!

This may be only hen of the variable and ubiquitous R. awrea. The ty

specimens collected by Krauss have the nut unusually large, and the inflorescence

nost into distant heads. As to Wood 4001, matched with Krauss 210

in Herb. Kew, it is too young to show the size of the nut, and the inflorescence is

more like that of R. aur

>) 4 RB. glauca (Vahl, Enum. ii. 233); glabrous; rhizome very

| “short, horizontal, from a basal offset; stem 1-2: ft. long, “rather

;

Rynchospora. | CYPERACER (Clarke). 269

slender, subtrigonous, node with leaf often 6-12 in. above the base of

the stem ; leaves often 8-16 by 2 in.; inflorescence a compound

with up-pointed teeth; stamens usually 2; nut 2—* the length of

the glume, broad-ellipsoid flattened, chestnut-brown, obscurely

whee undulate ; beak a depressed cone hardly 34 the length

the nut; style- branches 2 , long, linear. Kunth, Enum. ii. 297;

Boeck. in Linnea, XXXVii. 585; 0. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

vi. 671. a, R. Br. Prod. 230; Kunth, Enum. ii. 298; Nees

in Flora, isan, “291, and in Linnea, viii. 94. R. ferruginea, Roem.

et Schultes, Syst. Veg. li. 85; Nees in Linnea, vii. 529; Steud, in

Flora, 1829, 138.

Coast Recion: Cape Diy. ; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 867!

Katanart Recion : Trans vaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5740! TLomati Valley,

hear Barberton, 4000 ft., Galpin, "1365!

Eastern Rearon : Nats ul; Inanda, Wood, 1596! and without precise locality,

Buchanan, 148! 356!

Also in Algeria and the Mascarene Islands, Australia — Polynesia; very

abundant j in South East Asia and the warm parts of Americ

XVI. CARPHA, R. Br. partly.

Spikele 5-7 glumes, 3 lowest empty, 1-2 succeeding sub-

distichoas isk distant) hineenal nut-bearing, upper male or empty ;

axis of spikelet short, not flexuose. FLrpOBy nN é bristles 6, as long

as the nut, sometimes irregular. Stamens 3, anterior. Style long,

linear, with 3 long branches. Nut sessile, ellipsoid, trigonous,

Pyramidal at either end, acuminate more or less hispid at the top.

f Heads of spikelets in oblong Lacan: or few; stems with nodes and leaves

ih some distance above the base. :

Species 9; confined to the ‘Bouthers Paar ep geste 8s viz. South Africa,

e Prem Funds Australia, and Temperate South Am

Heads of rpesclese iriver in a large eat aa

i leaves often 4 in. broa ore ... (1) glomerata,

cads 4 te few, ina dicct panicle ; leaves less than

3 in,

Renee te ea not conspicuous, lanceolate, narrow at

the bas arc ASEH

Bracts to ‘cok ov ate or subcordate at the hese ... (3) bracteosa

\, Uraets) throughout its length, nearly smooth ; leaves 4~20 by

in m., tough, nearly smooth, often transversely lineolate ; in-

*scence often 10 by 3 in. of 30 heads in a compound panicle ;

Primary b bracts like the leaves but baeamrely overtopping the panicle,

270 cyperAacem (Clarke), [ Carpha.

secondary bracts lanceolate; heads 1—} in. in diam., ovoid, of 16-30

broadly lanceolate; glumes all close together, nut-bearing glumes

hoat-shaped, elliptic, lanceolate-tipped, 1-nerved ; hypogynous bristles

6 (3 “sepals,” 3 “ petals”), linear, rigid, scabrous with up-pointed

teeth, straw- erscaiirest, not rarely irregular (several short or almost

rudimentary); nut 1, in. long, ellipsoid, subacutely trigonous, dark-

rown ; style- ea young pyramidal, hispid, as the fruit ripens

the style-base jet nee confluent with the nut as a pointed pyramidal

tip, scabrous on the angles (or nearly smooth), the style breaking off

just above ; outer cells of the en og oat? rather large, pro-

minent in regular series. Boeck. inned, Xxxvill. 265. Schenus

glomeratus, Thunb. Prod. 17; Fl. ile ed. Sehultes 94. S. dacty-

lotdes, Vahl, Enum, ii, 224. Chetospora dactyloides, tl ig é Pi.

it. 32.. Ast rcheete glomer kige! Nees in Linnea, ix. .300; x. 194,

exclud. var. B; nth, sien oll,

Sou

and ta vr 108.

ast ReGIon: Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Thunberg, Rehmann, 1176!

reece Wynberg and Co onstantia, Bur pins 819! = Div.; Paarl Mountains,

1000-2000 ft., Drége ! Worcester Div.; near Worcester, Pa appe ! Caledon sgt

by the Palmiet River, near Grabouw, 700. ft. Bolus, 1999 | Riversdale Div.; by

the Great Vals River, Burchell, 6529! Uitenhage i ays the Van Stadens

wei MacOwan, 651! Alban ny Div.; near Gra Schoenland, 138!

wisons Poort, 2100 ft, Schoenland, 760! by oot eae at Grahamstown,

Burchell, 3563 !

ASTERN Reeion: Pondoland, Bachmann, 123!

VA 2. C. capitellata (Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 266); much ionie

i m 12- in.

Nees. Asterochete capitellata, Nees in Linnea, ix. ; x. 194;

Kunth, Enum. ii. 312. A. g glomerata, var. B minor, Nees in Linnea,

x. 194. A. tenuis, Kunth, Enum. ii. 312. A. angustifolia, Nees

in Linnea, ix. 300.

— AFRICA: i re rg Ecklon

Coast Reaion: Alex Di +. 7 Daas Borg Waa, 2000- 000 ft., Drege!

Riversdale Div., 900 ft. “Bellet, 1905! Komgha "Diz. ; ; marshy places near

Komgha, 2000 ft. , Flanagan, 9

$. ¢. Percy aetna (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Afr. v. 656) ; bracts at the base seat or oe sheathing the

soi ar spikelets ; : artes ise as C. capitell,

oast ReGion: Worcester Diy. ; in ny ies of the Breede River, near

‘ites Kloof, 800 ft., Bolus, "saat

CENTRAL Recion : Somerset cra 3 marshy places on the summit of Bosch Berg,

4500 ft., MacOwan, 1616! 2187

i mperfectly known species.

Asterochete Ludwigii (Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 759, in note) 5

style-base hispid, persistent, forming a beak.

Carpha.] cyprracea (Clarke). 271

Sours Arrica: without locality, aes (ex Hochst, ye

Hochstetter says that this species is close to C. capitellata, Boeck., — his full

description agrees very Val with C. era except as to the style- bas

XVII. ECKLONEA, Steud.

Hypogynous bristles 3, feathered at the base, 3-fid at the tip ;

otherwise as Carpha.

DisreiB, Species 1; endemic.

Se 1. E. capensis (Steud. in Flora, 1829, 138); glabrous ; rhizomes

, i273 3

in. long, slender, white, often terminating in a minute globose

bulbil 2. in. in diam m.; stems 2-6 in. pe g, with leaves or bracts

throughout their length ; leaves 2-4 by =,-1 rig panicle 2-32 in. long,

linear, of 1-4 distant heads ; bracts likey Le leaves, slightly overtopping

the inflorescence ; : spikelets 3-8 in a head, loosely clustered, + in, long,

elliptic, green-white ; glumes usually 6 in the spikelet, lowest 3

rigid, anfag in 5 a of which the middle is much the longest ;

pale ix. 399 i 143 ; Kunth, Enum. ‘Wi. 287 : : Boeck. in gm

XEXVili. 229. Uneinia spartea, Spreng. in Flora, os i. Bet!, 13.

Trianoptiles capensis, Harvey, Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. , 422; Benth.

‘t Hook, f. a Pl. xiv. 34, # 1348. Carpha pigiawlle Steud.

Nomencl. ed. 2,i1.800. Carex ea Herb. Drege, partly.

Sourr Milena sg nity, R. Bro Ludwig ? eek s Drége, 8152 !

T ReEecion: Cape Div.; Table auik Ecklon, 853! 854! near

own, Harvey, 196 par tly!

Carpha that it pen be better to sink the genus in Carpha

XVIII. SCHENUS, Linn. partly.

Spikelet of few (or not very many) glumes, lowest few (or several )

empty; 1-3 succeeding bisexual, nut-bearing, distichous (or nearly

80), distant on the axis of spikelet ; upper glumes close together, male

ct empty ; the part of the axis bearing the fertile glumes is elongated,

flexuose, so that the lowest nut stands in an =. or deep

<t it. Hypogynous bristles various or ‘0. Stamens 6-1.

Style a continuous with _ nut; style-base small, ule or

; branches 3, linear, r by accident 2. Nut sessile or

stalked, ¢ bieinesous or the anterior Paige rounded.

272 cyperackm (Clarke). [ Schoenus.

“i neg ‘el ; ia varied in habit—only 1 ioe eT aes haps diggs he in South

Afric e genus is now limited by Bentham the elongation o

the nhibentng waitin n of the axis of the apikelets : v4 comprises ‘tier on common

Eur ropean spec ies, spread in various countries, and a large mass of Australian

species, mostly endemic, but 2 or 3 extending to Malaya.

1. §.

‘i cies , 6- 20 in. - long, leafy ph aca the on each with

1 ; basal cnet often shining chestnut; leaves 1—2 the length of

a) nas =. in. broad, channelle d at the tase, solid trigonous up-

wards ; bracts 2, lower 1—4 i in, oo ae to the leaves, dilated and

scarious at the base ; ; head } in. in “diam 1-15 spikelets, dense,

chestnut-brown or maDeen BM pale ee eg spikelets 4 in. long,

3—1-nutted; glumes minutely scabrous on the keel; hypogynous

bristles 3-5 7 Day, the length of the nut, rigid, yellow-brown;

stamens 3 ; nut 2 1 the length of the oe sessile, ellipsoid, trigonous,

smooth , pale. Sowerby, Engl. Bot, t. 1121; Thunb. by Cap. edd.

Schult. 92; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 67 e

aggregatus, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 92. 8. hypomelas, Spren

Neue Entd. iit. 8 ; Syst. i. 190. Chetospora nigricans, Ku nth, Swe.

il. 323; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 290. Pe ide aaa,

Nees in Linnwa, x. 186; Kunth, Enum. ii. 309.

Coast Reeion: Cape Div. Cape Town, Th Pei Ecklon ! Pasar

1784! 1785! Cape Flats, Bagher, 1782! Mossel Bay hills near the landing-

Se at Mossel Pd Burchell, 6285 ! Komgha Div. us near "Ko mgha, Flan snatte

Pair REGION; oe West ; Lower Campbell, Burchell, 1816!

bee distributed ; Europe, North Africa, Abyssinia, West and Ce ntral Asia

to the Punjab; Uni ted States, California, “Gavinies (possibly jntkodaeed in the

New Wor Ta).

Impei known species.

The gas i species of Schenus from South Africa are perhaps most of them

included among the species of Tetr traria below ; but, in the absence of the original

specimens, I have not been able to identify lies from the descr iptions.

2. 8. aristatus (Thunb. Prod. 16; FI. Cap. ed. Schultes 92) ;

culm terete, 2 ft. long, leafless ; spikes ‘terminal, several agglomerated

involucre of one (or. two ?) leaves, erect, twice the length of t

a at the base concave sheathing ; glu mes about 6, outer os

neave, inner lanceolate, all entire ae ferruginous. Kunth,

Recs) il. 336.

Soutu AFrica: without locality, Thunberg.

trigonous s, 2 ft. lon , leafy ; theres as long : as the stem, sheathing,

convolute, smooth, " glabrous ; heads 4 or . hated) peduncled,

clustered, ovate, scarcely leafy ; spikelets very many, ovate ; ned

most glumes (or bracts) larger, Higa Hos: the rest of the glum

ovate, , subemarginate, mucronate, entire.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg.

Schanus.] cyperacem® (Clarke). 273

4, S. tristachyus (Thunb. Prod. 16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schultes, 92) ;

culm terete, 1 ft. long, filiform, erect, jointed; heads 3, terminal,

ovate, glabrous, smooth, the size of a

Soury Arrica: without locality, Thunberg.

5. 8. Hystrix (Vahl, Enum. ii. 226); stem terete, nr with

nodes ; ft 1 in. long, ending in a short yellow point ; spike

1, terminal, obovat , dusky-biack, size of a hazel-nut, nes ry

bract half the ie of the spike, ovate-lanceolate ; ; glumes ovate,

longer than the glumes very scabrid. No flowers g the lower

glumes, Beothryon Hystriz, Dietr. Syn. Pl. ii. 92.

Sourn Araica: without locality or mention of the collector.

6. 8. spicatus (Burm. Fl. Cap. d. 3); stem terete; leaves

Soline. aga ; bg eee of pi narrow. S. Burmanni, Vail,

Enum. ii. 227; Ku , Enum, ii. 337.

Sourn Arnica: ie locality or mention of the collector.

_{. S. tener (Spreng. Neue Eatd. iii. 9); stems cxspitose, a span

high, capillary ; leaves capillary, a glabrous, shorter than the

stem, sheaths loose searious ; spikelets in threes, lateral, clustered,

purplish-red 4-flowered, size of a lentil; glumes Janceolate, obtuse,

striate, glabrous, lower — upper very many fertile ; anthers erect,

subulate, long exserted ; ovary densely supported by bristles. (Might

he mistaken for Sch. sor pipes Thunb., but that has — stem.)

Cheetospora tenera, Dietr. Syn. Pl. ii. 832; Kunth, Enum. i

Coast Rugion : Stellenbosch ; no mention of the collector.

XIX. EPISCHENUS, C. B. Clarke.

Spikelet of 7 subdistichous glumes; 3 lowest small empty, 4th

and 5th male, 6th bisexual, perfecting a nut, 7th small empty;

axis of spikelet above the insertion of the nut elongated, thickened,

curved round the nut. Nut subglobose, obscurely trigonous, smooth,

mharble- white; otherwise as Schaenus.

Distr. Bvecleik endemic.

The two lov west flowers of the spikelet — 3 stamens each only, but in one

spikelet oxamined a rudimen tary pistil was found in the lowest flower but one.

This plant, fi from the marble-white nut has pene doubtfully referre Lepido-

Sperma ; b ut the structure, es especially the elo ongated rhachilla curved round the

hat, is much nearer Schaenus in which genus Bentham included it

0 1 E. quadrangularis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz,

Snspect. Fl, Afr. v. 657); glabrous ; rhizome seen very short,

Y; stems tufted, 10-20 in. long, slender, conspicuous aly ¢ uad-

G3 leaves 2-1 in, long, flat at the base, red or pale-brown, scarious,

accationally green 5 bracts 2 lower suberect, 1-13 in. long, ss,

in. lon ng, of 4 spikelets in a linear race:

lt 12 ” ak Sates 1 by 31, in., dull-brown ; glumes elit

274 CYPERACEX (Clarke). (Epischeei.us:

lanceolate, angel scabrous on the keel ; hypogynous bristles 0 ;

nut 5 in. long, sessile ; style deciduous, "base inear, branches 3.

Schanus ES Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvill. 274; of. Benth.

and Hook, f. Gen. Pl. iii. 1063.

Coast Region: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Burchell, 557! gage

ae ee in peak near Swellendam, Burchell, 7324! Cale don Div. ;

oek, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 7402! Riversdale Div .3 on the Kampsche Berg

Burchell, 7076!

XX, COSTULARIA, C. B. Clarke.

Spikelet of several (or many) subdistichous glumes, lowest 3-4 (or

more) empty ; owest flower ng next above it bisexual, nut- beanie

(or 5), long, slender. Stamens 3. Nut oblong-obovoid, trigonous,

crowned by the py aia persistent style- base. Style ong,

branches 3,

seed tee ay — stems with nodes bearing leaves or bracts thr ‘ough their

whole le 3 leaves tough; panicle oblong, compound, with re spikelets.—

From thelr ni it, tp species have often been referred to Cladiu

DistRiB. Species 6 or 7; in the Mascarene Islands, Natal and wt

Stems 3 fc. long; leaves 12-18 i . — Sf ae ee natalen

Stems 3-{ in. long ; leaves 9 in. a ae Pa ta} reanernye

1. C. natalensis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 658); glabrous (except edges of glumes) ; stolon hori-

zontal, clothed by rigid lanceolate scales 1 in. long; stems tufted,

3 ft. or more long, round, tough, rather slender, striated; leaves

12-18 by 1-1 in., very tough, ‘scabrotts- -edged, upper pai much

smaller passing into the bracts; panicle 20 by J+ in, nearly con-

tinuous with —: fetal dense axillary erect inanches bracts

1-4 in. long, not conspicuous; spikelets crowded, 2 by yz 19»

chestn ut-red, Paice: hard ; glumes not spreading, * boat- shaped,

elliptic- lanceolate, hardly acute ; niargins microscopically white-

hispid ; hypog ynous bristles exceeding the nut, weak, white, with

anthers linear-oblong, rather large, apiculate; nut less than 3 the

length of the glume, brown, smooth ; style- ae the length of the

nut, pyramidal, white hispid i in the upper half.

KaLanArti REGION: Transvaal; Saddleback Mountain, near Burber.on, 4500 ft.,

Galpin, 1316!

TERN REGION: seals serine aed 354!

The Mascarene speci closely ; O. Baroni, C. B. Clarke, hardly

differs except by the eae entice with he flexuose tamale

2. C. brevicaulis (C. B. Clarke); glabrous ; pew woods, to i

n diam., erect, sometimes divided close to the base; branches Se

wicks hei eight) 3-4 in., erect; leaf-sheaths aictinbvnd equitant, im

bricate, exceedingly close together, «fir m, green or brownish ; leaves 9

Costularia.] cypEracen (Clarke). 275

by } in., flat, tough, unsymmetrically bent laterally, strongly striate,

without a midrib ; inflorescence of short axillary 1-3-flowered racemes,

exserted 1 in. from the leaf-sheaths, flexuose; bracts of the raceme

1-3 in, long, similar to the leaves; pedicels about + in. long, solitary

in each bract; spikelet + by 3-1 in., turgid, green, hard, 8~10-

glumed ; glumes exactly distichous, closely rigidly imbrieated, boat-

shaped, ovate-triangular ; lower 6 (or 7) glumes empty, 7th glume

male, without any trace of pistil, 8th bisexual, perfecting a nut, 9th

very small or 0; hypogynous bristles 8-5, 2 the length of the nut;

se). Tetraria brevicaulis, C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz,

Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 659.

Sourm AFRica: without locality, Carmichael? in the British Museum.

The 3 specimens collected by D. Carmichael are very fine complete examples

with fruit ; it is nevertheless difficult to find a genus fur them.

XXII. TETRARIA, Beauv.

Spikelet 2-flowered, of several (or many) subdistichous glumes,

Owest 4-10 empty ; Jower flower not perfecting a nut, male (or the

on He

anthers linear-oblong, often with ears at the base of lax tissue barren

of pollen ; crest lanceolate-linear scabrous, Style continuous with

the nut, dilated at the base, linear, branches 3 or 4, in a few species:

t 8 linear. Nut obovoid, trigonous or subtetragonous ;

apex of the nut

“orien Species 82; endemic except T. circinalis, which is also found in

yoo 1 Aulacorhynchus (Genus, Nees in Linnea, ix.

foo: Spikelets all 1-sexual, moncecious, female 1-

Wered; glumes not aristate; stamens 3; style- oes

es 3; stem and leaves slender ... .. (1) erinifolia.

Hemischeenus.— Fertile flower 2-sexual ; lowest

eos not aristate; stamens 3; style 8-fid; stem

Od leaves slender, the latter all close to the base of

the stem des oes . os

mk 3. Elynanthus proper, of authors.—Fertile flower

aes lowest flower not preducing a nut, next

phe It fertile; glumes not aristate, scarcely mu-

(2) cuspidata,

er or medium-slender

Style-branches 3 or 4: r

see 18, robusta) ;

Sien

Plants with narrow leaves (but

276 _ Cyprrace® (Clarke). [Tetraria.

Stems without any node between the lowest

bract and the nearly basal leaves :

Lest sean not manifestly fimbriate :

y slend

nder :

fless or nearly so (8) i rage

Leaves er long, setaceous (4) Bolus:

Stems meron d (5 in. in diam

Bracts not dilated at the base :

Flo wer-glumes hard, shining :

rown lg. ee ... (5) sylvatica.

Flower-glumes oung

sc ioe O 6) aha

Bra ch dilat ted at the base (7) p

segs arr ‘inbrst or cancellate

oes) ope bee (8) pleosticha.

Ps t (9) wallichiana.

Stem atari nodes between the

iret bra end "the bean leave:

Leaf-sheaths fim

hemi- fue di channelled im-

me nice ag above the sheath, 7—,) in.

“lentes pea on the edges _ ... (10) fimbriolata.

Glumes glabro . (11) fasciata.

Glumes bilanbily hairy” on the

edges: ;

Glumes not aristate (12) oo

Glumes aristate . (13) aristata.

Leaves flat imm edi ately abov

sheath, often jin. a rolled "

to the very base when dry:

sages 4 in pine i

38; 0 in. long . OY Burmanni.

ate read ok in, long . (17) flexuosa.

Spikelets % in. long t

ms a fi. long . (15) ple a »

— in. long .. (16) circinalis.

Leaf-sheaths not fimbri ao . (18) couatia

435 3 large =

with flat leaves (except 27, ta) ; stems with

nodes bearing ag leaves or ‘eat like bracts st il

accent their length :

rare nous or Wks nadia basal leafs

pot. entire, ver

pogynous bristles present :

em t —_

in seep stout Se re pe eens cere

Stem slen oak hs

Stem acutely tiquetrs wg oy Ts tas) trang

Hypogynou miAdios *

Stem terete; basal leaf-shea ethnectionsfinbrint'

Hypogynous in brow 6, flied seabrid

: +

kelets any inacluster .., (23) Rottbellii.

Spikelets mt in a cluster eee (25) inveluerata

Leaves } in. bro me (Oa) Ta neha

iene bristles east feathery 26) spir

Pel tit bine bristles n ae =) ease

EE Ee

Tetraria. } CYPERACE (Clarke). 277

. 5, Eu-Tetraria.—Fertile flower 2-sexual; lower

flower male with a rudimentary pistil, not producing

glumes distichous, not aristate; stamens 6 or

vA Ths ; ayle-branches 3 or 4; stout or medium-sized

plan

Stem medium-sized, without stem-leaves ; ssl

lets brown ite) a

Stem stout, with a stem- eat ; ca nia pale . = tes Thua

Sect. 6. Buekia. —Fertile flower 2-sexual; lowest flower

not producing a nut; glumes iam distichous,

minutely mucronate ; stamens 3 or 6, anthers crested ;

style-branches 6 or 8: 3; stem et his with nodes between

the basal ote: ‘ag the pan -

Ste t. long, tere “ae . (30) punctoria.

Stem 2 ft. long, tr WE samen ; cer 6 . (31) MacOwani.

1. T. crinifolia (C. B. Clarke in ae and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr, v. 660); glabrous; stems 1 ft. lon o, slender, terete, striate, with

distant nodes carrying leaves or bracts ; “Teaves usually as long as the

stem, linear-setaceous ; ; lower bracts similar ; nae ey of 3 or 4

very distant heads; terminal head (sometimes 2) of 10-20 male

spikelets, subcompound : ; lower heads axillary, peduncle “te 14

female spikelets ; male spikelets 1 in. long, lanceolate, ae brown,

Usually 2 -flowered ; female spikelets similar, each with 1 flower

without stamens ; glumes elliptic, acute, not meee screed

bristles 0; nut q'o~z in. long, sessile, obovoid, trigonous, pale, smooth ;

e nut; style-branches 3, linear.

i sacorhynchus crintfolius, Nees " aint x. 199; Kunth, Enum.

: oeck. in Linnea, xxxix

—. H AFRICA: without oe: Ecklon and Zeyher, 95 : Talhah,

wen ft. Salechia me h Diy.; near Tulbagh Waterfall, Drége ! near Tu

“5 habit this plant goes well with 7. cuspidata.

2. T. i pao (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. FI.

a v. «es plabrous 5 rhizome (seen) short, i ag A descending ;

ms 1-2 ft. Jong g, nearly terete, slender ; basal sheaths brown-red, not

abi compressed, of 5-7 glumes, usually in small close clusters ;

)West 3 (or 4) glumes empty, 4th containing a bisexual nut-bearing

ae h usually empty (sometimes male), small; fertile glume

Ptie- -lanceolate, not aristate, hard, rounded on the back, more or

‘Aatrow-pyramida al, passing into the style, scabrous, especially when

Young ; style-branches 3 linear, Schanus cuspidatus, Rottb. Deser.

278 CYPERACE® (Clarke). | Tetraria.

et Ic. 66, t. 18, fig. 3; Thunb. Prod. 16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 92.

Chatospora cuspidata, Nees in Li nnd, vii. 529, Elynanthus

cuspidatus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 298; x. 188 ; Kunth, Enum. ii. ae

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 258. EB. gr acilie, Nees in Linnea,

298; x. 189. E. microstachyus, Boeck. in Linn@a, xxxvViii. "961

partly, i.e. as to herb. aa Scirpus rs as Roem.

Schultes, Syst. Veg. ii. 67 in citation (not of Rotth.

Var je hap ea . B. Clarke i has Durand and Schinz, Cpospec. Fl. Afr. v. 660) ;

lower ty glum dg hes y shorter than the nut-bearing glume, very acute or

mu weronat fos rad bract- ie aristate. Blynanthus lore, ge in Linnea, ix.

98 5 188 ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 310; Boeck. in Linn 257.

UTH AFRICA: without os Meerbabas ita. 6! 107! 108! Pappe,

95! 108! Ecklon res nd ae , 971 9 . B, Drége, 7378! Harvey, 390!

orp Div.; im, 500 ft., Sehteckter, 7056 Georg: e ens sta George,

rch ate, cong Iba hoigonning Div. Port Bleabeth, B. S.0.4. Herb.,

191 Bat hhurst r Port Alfred, posal er) 3997! Hast London Div. ;

gray valleys near Rast Evento 300 ft., Flanagan, 1786! Var. 8: Cape Div.

aa ota Mountain, Milne! Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek, 2000 ft., Schlechter,

Cex RAL pag on: Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, 4800 ft., MacOwam, 1591!

Gra f Rei Div. ; Koudeveld Berg, 5500 ft., Bolus, 2585! Albany Div. 5

near Riebeek, puri 3501!

Mos snip Rag hg Ag lorea, there are here included under 7. oe several

ntham t patsy beamed bg — There is a form

(Burchell, "3097, “6033)2) with stem d lea uch stouter than in the typical

wiry slender T. cuspidata, There is gpm - orm w ith viscid spikes and the

bracts dilated lanceolate at the base — 788) 5 ; this was marked T. sylvatica

Boeckeler (which it certainly is not).

8. T. dregeana (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Sehinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. ean etapa rhizome (seen) pier woody ; stems 2 ft.

bet

sana ie i , very lax and slender, with few (6-10) gore

bracts 13 in. lon setaceous, = eres pe panicle, not

stamens 3; young pistil obovoid, crowned by the large hemispheric

style-base ; nut not seen, Elynanthus dregeanus, Boeck. + n Linnea,

XXXVIil. =

' _ Coast REe1on: Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, Drage, 1632a! Riversdale

aa on a lower part of the Lange Bergen, near Kampsche Berg, Burchell,

Tetraria.] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 279

7 4, T. Bolusi (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

v. 659); glabrous ; rhizome (seen) slender, woody ; stems 8-12 in.

long, tufted, slender, without any node between the lowest bract and

the sub-basal non-fimbriate leaf-sheaths ; leaves 3-2 the length of

ihe stem, setaceous, hemi-cylindric, scabrous-edged ; panicle 12 by

3 In., lax, very slender, with 6-15 spikelets; bracts usually over-

fecting a nut ; glumes subacute, not mucronate ; hypogynous bristles

0; stamens 3 ; nut very small, hardly 2 the length of the glume,

securely coarsely reticulated (outermost

cells rather large, round, quadrate), crowned by the large pyramidal

oe style-base ; style linear, branches 3, long, linear.

OUTH AFRicA: without locali é ! lon @ her, 112!

Coasy Region: Cape iin ts ae edt Aine ae Stellen-

1500 f 'v.; eastern slopes of Hottentots Holland Mountains, near Grabouw,

t., Bolus, 4230!

- 5. T. sylvatica (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. F.

Afr. v. 663) ; glabrous ; rhizome 1 in. in diam., horizontal; stems

10-16 in. long, tufted, medium-sized, >; in. in diam., terete, rigid,

without any node between the lowest bract and the sub-basal, non-

fimbriate, bright orange-red leaf-sheaths ; leaves 4-8 by »—y; in.,

: : al

the leaves, scarcely dilated at the base, lowest overtopping the

<i 2-4 in.; spikelets O-1 in. pe es s

Omewhat flattened, shining brown, very hard; empty lower glumes

3 i * + od * .

ae linear, Elynanthus sylvaticus, Nees in Linnea, ix. 298 ; x.

vy: Kunth, Enum. ii, 310; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 256.

E duritus, Neesin Linnea, ix. 298; x. 187; Kunth, Enum. ii. 309 ;

oe var. B, Boeck, in Linnea, xxxvili. 256.

ourE AFRICA: without localit é 945! Eekl nd Zeyher, 96! 100!

: 3 y, Drege, 3945! Beklon an eyher, 00!

Pasa RkGIon : Ca Div. ; near Cape Town, Schlechter, 406! Caledon Div. ;

Schr eoe&, 2509 tt., Schlechter, 7385! Bredasdorp Div.; Elim, 1600 ft.,

Chlechter, 7655 !

Pg ~. ligulata (C, B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

nat 661); leat-sheaths membranous-ligulate at the top; young

El er-glumes scarious, except the keel; otherwise as T. sylvatica,

ynanthus ligulatus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 262.

0TH ArxIcA: without locality.

i whole material is an example in Herb. Berlin without precise locality or

of collector, and very young, The plant might be a young state of T.

280 cypgracem (Clarke). [ Tetraria.

sylvatica, except that the bracts have come off in the drying ; it is not supposed

that even bad drying would bring off the tough bracts of T. “sylvati ca.

7. T. picta (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr.

v. 662) ; ee much dilated at the base ; Fag la contracted, about

1 in. long; spikelets (young) more than } in. lon oblong-lanceolate,

little compressed (the glumes only obscurely distichous) ; ; otherwise

as T. aby Elynanthus pictus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 254.

Coast Ree Tulbagh Div.; mountains near New Kloof, 2090 ft.,

Mac | Hord. ge Afr, 1 683! Worcester Div., Drakenstein Mountains,

near Bains Kloof, 1800 f tus 4077! Dutoits Kloof, 2000-4000 ft., Dreye,

d4a! 1654aa!

Boeckeler “age — “eho is Sy que e scion: it is A branched at Kew

cal ri d style age be ality in Tetrar ‘There are seh

nT. picta,3 minu fe i pogynous “bsnl, but at, are likely to occur

poe ey he in aan eres the present section

8. rar p eer (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fi.

Afr. ; glabrous; rhizome 4 in. in diam., horizontal ; stems

12-16 j in, oa tufted, medium-sized to sle nder, terete, "pion any

, lanceolate, acute, scareely mucronate ; hypogynous

bristles 0; stamens 3; anthers (of the genus) with sterile ears at the

base ; style 3-fid ; nui, including beak, Lin. long, trigonous, nearly

smooth, yellow-white ; beak narrow conic. Chetospora ci) reinales C;

Dre, rege, issn ” Documente 17 Ly

fou REGION : r Div.; Ratel River, Thom’ Caledon Div. ; Houw

ovk, 2000 ft., Schlechter, pte 7411! Riversdale Div.; on the lower part of

the Lange Bergen, near Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 6952! Huma nsdorp Div. 5

Kromme ives, ake 1000 ft., Drége !

9. T. wallichiana(C. B. Clarke in ae and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 664); glabrous; stems 12-18 i long, tufted, medium-

sized to slender, terete, without any node a the aS bract

and the sub-basal sheaths; leaf-sheaths tine brown, 4

striate, with many pale-brown fimbriations on the "edges ; . leaves

nearly a foot iP aia near the base 3. in. broad, Sat; ” panicle

2 by } in., close; 2 lower bracts 1 by 1-1 in. lancesiate, striate,

chestnut- coloured, with pale-brown thin margins and linear

weak tips 4-} in. long; spikelets 2 in. lon g, “clustered ; lower

flower male with moma -_ upper bisexual, perfecting a nut ;

hypogynous bristles 0; ens 3; anthers (of the genus) W with

sterile ears at the base ; At pistil obovoid, hemispheric at the top,

hispid (indicating a naee ase confluent wits is ?); style short,

linear, branches 3 long linear,

> lil

Tetraria.} CYPERACEX (Ciarke). 281

Coast Reaion: Cape Div.; near Cape Town, Harvey, 198! Stellenbosch

Div. Ps eae Kop, Wallich !

hough the Fo eel is young, this plant must be a Tetraria, but it does not

appear Sane allied to any other species. The inflorescence and bracts recall

Ficinia monticola and “the neighbouring Ficinias

10. T. ae orm (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 661); glabrous except the glumes; rhizome + in

1-3 leaf-bearing nodes between the lowest bract and the basal

leaves; basal leaf-sheaths pale-brown, fimbriate ; basal leaves 4-8 in.

long, setaceous ; stem leaves similar, but shorter, from tight cylindric

black sheaths ; panicle 3-5 in. long, lax, of 10-16 spikelets ; lowest

bract: like the stem leaves ; peduncle exserted 1-3 in. ; spikelets

subsolitary, + by + in., much compressed ; lower flower male with

imperfect pistil ; pe 2-sexual, perfecting a nut; glumes

manifestly distichous, broadly ovate, ‘obtuse, with minute white wool

on the edge ; hypogynous bristles 4, hardly 4 the length of the nut,

linear, minutely scabrid; stamens 3; anthers (of the genus) with

sterile basal ears; nut t ripe) small, obovoid; style-base

short, branches 3 linear, very papillose. Chaetospora Jimbriolata,

Nees in Linnea, x, 191; Kunth, Enum, ii. 327; Boeck. in

Linnea, xxxviii. 300,

Sourn Arrica: paaewion locality, R. Brown! Ecklo

Tt ReGion: Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek, 2500 Aa Schlechter, 7392! and

without precise tneatieg, ps her, 81! hers Div.; mountains along the

lower part of the Zonder Hinde River, Zeyher, 4429 !

a Tt: Ales (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr.-y. 661) ; glabrous; rhizome 1 in. in diam., horizontal; stems

12-18 in. long, tufted, eee * terete, with several leaf-bearing

nodes between the lowest bract and the basal leaves; basal leaf-

‘sheaths brown, much fimbriate ; ; basal leaves 2-5 in. long , setaceous ;

stem leaves Similar, but shorter, from tight cylindric black sheaths ;

panicle 4~8 in, long, slender, lax, with capillary branches ; bracts like

_ stem-leaves, much shorter than the panicle; s spikelets few,

i ary, ~ in. long, lanceolate; glumes pale, ovate- lanceolate,

Microscopically scabrous ; style 3-fid. Schaenus fasciatus, Lotth.

Deser, et Ic. 67, t. 16, fig. 5. Elynanthus microstachyus, Boeck. in

Linnea, XXXviil. 261 mainly.

te a —— locality, R. Brown ! Drég

2500 tt, Ree pe Div. ; ee Bay, Robertson \ Dbedote Diy. ; Houw Hoek,

Schleater, 390 | 73

All the xtigerd “ea are young; the above description is from the ida dar

2 ay >. Vahl, w ees identically with Drége’s ply sais chee s bb

eth, Kew, ee ches founded his £. microstachyus on E. cuspidatus wre bb

nately, » but his description applies to the nraenae plant only. “Unfort ortu-

¥ Es

ey Drége, in his Documente, has omitted EB. cuspidatus bb altogether, so that

its precise locality. canno the. sucebaaiaant: ned.

282 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [Tetraria.

12. T. capillacea (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 659); glabrous; rhizome % in. in diam., horizo ntal ;

stems 12-18 i sg Re tufted, slender, terete, with usually 1 ‘ee

bearing node eke the lowest ract and the basal leaves ; ; basal

leaf-sheaths chestnut-brown and fimbriate ; basal leaves 5-11 in. long,

seticeous ; en leaf srt, shorter, from a tight cylindric black

sheath ; panic y 1-1 in., dense with somewhat numerous

epikelets shuaenitl on very short erect rather rigid branches, lowest

peduncle often long exserted; spikelets 1 in. long, ellipsoid, not

much flattened; glumes distichous, ovate, acute, under the

Schanus capillaceus, Thunb. ed. Schult. 93

Chetuspora capillacea, Nees in Linnea, x. 192; Kunth, Hnum.

32 ch. in Linnea, xxxviii. 305. , Drege in Linnea,

xx. 251. C. flecuosa, var. B gracilis, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviil.

304.

Sours Arrica: without eg rat ! Thunberg.

Co Reeion: Swellendan , 80! Caledon Div.; Klein River

Mountains, Zeyher, 4437! Houw Sak, 3000 ‘ft. , Schlechter, 7420! George Div.

hear the

osa has the panicle and spikelets very _ vag se of the present species, but

has fine stea at of strictly setaceous so hardly =; in. in diam. at their base) .very

much stouter leaves plano-convex near their base.

13. = aristata (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, — Fi.

Afr. vy. 659); young spikelets linear- lanceolate ; wer-glumes

Vivenitacohary aristate by curved ariste ze in. long; otherwia se as

7’. capillacea. Elynanthus aristatus, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 260.

Chatospora capillacea =a abnormis), Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviil.

pi sti osa, furma*, Nees in Linnea, x. 190.

A: without locality Ecklon! in herb. Nees, Dréye! in herb.

Sao Heklon and Zeyher

No specimen in the Kew Lae ium.

The gi ory aristate glumes are unlike those of the a rane.

species. But the examples are all very Oo and it may be

of T. pee a = Rae keler finally thought. The at growth ‘of ee aie in

the moustrous state of T. pti osa sugg peat this explanation

14. T. Burmanni (C. B. Clarke in Durand and aes et

FI. Atr. v. 659); glabrous ; — zy In. diam., ontal,

stems 8-10 in, long, tufte , Slender, terete, with ss. hi

leaves or bracts) scattered epi ieaks their length ; basal leaf-sheaths

brown, more or less torn into fibre ; basal leaves 3-8 in. long, as

broad at the base, flat but (when “aie rolle - stem-leaves and

bracts similar, but shorter, from tight peer devi: brown or pale

sheaths; panicle elongate, narrow, often carried down nearly to the

base of the stem; branches axillary, 1—4 in, long, carrying near the

. CYPERACEH (Clarke). 283

capillary plumose ferruginous according to Boeckeler; stamens 3;

anthers of the genus hardly eared at the base; style 3-fid. Lepi-

dosperma Burmanni, Spreng. Syst. i. 194, excluding syn.; Flora,

1829, i. Beil. 8. Chetospora Burmanni, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. ae

" 9). 4-

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii, 302. C. circinalis a, Drége, Phan’

rengeogr. Documente, 171. Schanus Burmanni, Roem. et Schultes,

Syst. Veg. ii, Mant. 528. S. aristatus, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 135,

according to the pete cited, Schenopsis? Burmanni, Nees in

Linnea, vii. 528 ; 86.

rea H AFRICA: ren bing de Zeyher ! Ecklon and Zeyher, 11

T Reeron: Worcester Div. ; ae Kloof, 2000-3000 ft. ae 1634!

“apa Div., 500-1600 tt., Zeyher, 10 9!

Z 16. T. sy cea (C.B. Clarke in Darand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. 62); glabrous ; rhizome + in. diam., horizontal ; stems

12-16 i be, er ng, tufted, slender (rather stouter than in the 4 preceding

Species), terete, with a leaf-bearing node between the eae -— dee

an . iy in,

stem-leaves and bracts much shorter, from cylindric tight aide or

teddish sheaths ; ; panicle 4-10 by 3-1 in., with 12- 18 brown spikelets ;

lowest peduncle exserted, 1-4 in. ; spikelets nearly + in. long, obtuse,

ellipsoid, hardly at all flattened ; ” lower empty glumes 6-8; flower-

glumes acute ; lower flower male with imperfect pistil, — bisexual,

P apie 3 a nut; hypogynous bristles 3, linear, scabrid, as long as

6 young nut ; stamens 3; anthers (of the genus) chenes eared at

she base; style linear, branches 3. Cyathocoma nigrovaginata,

Nees in Linnea, x. 196; Dre ege in Linnea, xx. 250; Kunth, Enum,

1. 323 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvili. 313 ; Decalepis dregeana, Boeck. in

Engl. Sah rb. v. 509.

Sout # Nitrwn’ without locality, Dzége, 1615! Ecklon and Zeyher, 105!

me oi N: Worcester Div. ; Brand Vley, Rehmann, 2421! Tulbagh

iV. ; mountains near New Kloof, 2000 ft. MacOwan, Herb. Aust.-Afr., 1687!

hear Talbagh. 2000 ft., Schlechter, 7463 !

16. T. cy (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, aa:

Fi. v. 6 labrous; rhizome + in. in — ontal ;

stems 3-10 j in. long, tufted, ‘slightly angular in the rt,

With nodes (bearing leaves or bracts) seattered eeaie their

length ; basal sheath brown or sae fim via or caneellate ; basal

leaves eee! as Jong as 7 as—k road ; paniele 2-6 eth

lng ere tee acute, tani or microscopi ial iiapid on the edges ; ;

wer flower male with an imperfect pistil, upper 2-sexual, perfecting

‘284 cyPeRracez (Clarke). [ Tetraria.

miorostachy ys, “Vahl, Enum. ii. 220, fide Kr dh " Chaetospora cir-

cinalis, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 31, t. 3, fig. 2; Nees in Linnea, x.

191; Kunth, Enum. ii. 324 ; Boeck an “Linn, ZXXviii. 303 (?).

bean AFRICA: eon Laaitivs Bergius

Coast opm Cape Div.; Table sfovntain, 2500 ft., Bolus, 4643! Muizen

Berg, 1100 Phen 4630! Camps Bay, Burchell. 337! Simons Bay, Wright,

425! Guleden’D ; on Donker Hoek pesos ee io 1! Houw Hoek,

2 ft, Schlechter, paae | 7390! 7426! Lowrys Pass, 2800 ft., peste

4833 ! Riversdale Div. ; hills near the Zoetemelks River, Surchell, 6801!

Also in Tropical Africa.

This plant, “e its neighbours, are exceedingly like prec rari, species of

Schenus, an not e doubtless closely allied thereto, differing by the technicul

-generic chara pe flower Span close together on the = of the spik eT

Boeckeler deers his Chetospora circinalis as having a solitary stem and ciliat

glumes, so the Cae “ie described from could hardly have been the

pr esent sien,

oF 17. T. flexuosa (C. B. Clarke in Durand =e Schinz, Conspect.

basal es _— passione tu dark brown, more or less torn ; leaves

often 8 by 351 ugh, harsh ; sheaths of the stem-leaves long,

lose, eplinds ane panicle 4— 8-1 in,, compound, with

short subere t branches ; spikelets elustered, ‘tut bec we or black,

stamens 3; anthers (of the genus) shortly eared at the base; young

pistil obovoid, eee by the (then relatively) large hemispheric style-

base ; style linear, branches 3. Schenus fleauosus, Thunb. Pred.

16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult.93. Chetospora flexuosa, Schrad. Anal.

Fl. Cap. 33, in Obs. t. 3, fig. 3; Nees in Linnea, viii. 87 in Obs. +

x. 190; Kunth, Enum. ii. 325; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 304.

C. capillacea, var. B major, Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 306. Schaenopsis

apie be in Linnea, vii. 528,

Ba a (C. at ieee in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v-

ee) ; *piklets hice in. long, lanceolate, in a monstrous state from the

ect ofa

Soutu oss without hosianie Sieber ! Bergius! Verreauz

Coa _ REGION: Cape Table Mounta lt - — erg, ae hel

i j Rehman, 615! Cn ide tes resets Hoe gtctire ‘schlcher, yaa

r. B: Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloo: ouw Hock

hiversdale Div. ; lower part of the ake ee shen 'the eoty at ’ Valley

Rivers Poort, barakel. 7000 !

Sn eRe Oa ee eS

Tetraria.] cyperace® (Clarke). 285:

The examples of var. 8, being destroyed by smut, are doubtfully determined,

and may belong to T. circinalis. The spikelets would do for those of 7. circinalis,

but the tall stems 16-30 in. high are more like those of 7. flexuosa.

/ 18. T. robusta (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr, v, 662); glabrous; stems 3 ft. long, stout, trigonous, nearly

smooth, with a leaf-bearing node far above the base ; basal leaf-sheaths

entire, firm; leaves 10-20 by 1-1 in., stout, flat; panicle 12-18 by

{

like the stem-leaves, not overtopping the panicle ; spikelets 2 by + in.,

slightly compressed, hard dull-brown ; empty glumes 6-8, distichous ;

acu

an imperfect. pistil, upper 2-sexual, perfecting a nut; hypogynous

bristles 3-4, small, linear, scabrous ; stamens 3; anthers linear-

pistil obovoid ; style-base confluent with the young nut; style linear,

branches 3 linear, Chietospora robusta, Kunth, Enum. li. 325;

Boeck. in Linnea, xxviii. 306.

Coast Reeron : Humansdorp Div.; mountains near the Kromme River, 1000~

2000 tt., Drage, 7375!

This plant is quite different from the preceding and naturally belongs to the

next series, but the glumes are not aristate.

19. T. thermalis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. y, 663); glabrous; rhizome stout, horizontal, woody; stem

stout, scabrous on the margins ; sheaths entire, firm; stem-leaves

Similar but, smaller, from cylindric sheaths, passing into the similar

tacts; panicle 12-24 by 1-2 in., of numerous axillary branches,

somewhat nodding at the top; spikelets dusky-brown, clustered in

the axils of secondary ovate-lanceolate bracts, } in. long, elliptic-

lanceolate ; empty lower glumes about 6, 4 in. long, subdistichous,

long acuminate, acute, puberulous ; lower flower male, with an im-

» Up to 4 in. long, subulate, white, scabrid (not dilated at the ase

hor feathered) ; stamens 3 ; anthers of the genus with small sterile

basal ears; style-base when young ovoid, broader than the young

Pistil, scabrous, ultimately contracted into a small boss at the top ot

the large nut ; nut (including the stalk) nearly 34 in. long, ovoid,

Linn. herb, propr. §. thermalis, Linn. Mant. 179; Thunb. Prod

17; Fi. Cap. ed. Schult. 95; not of Rotth. Lepidosperma thermale,

nal. Fl. Cap. 38, t. 4, fig. 5; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvili.

Sclerochetium thermale, Nees in Linnea, viii. 88 ; x. 198;

Kunth, Enum. ii. 321 in small part. S. giganteum, Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum., ii, 159,

S00TH A¥Rica: without locality, Ecklon and Zeyher, 111! Nelson!

Coast Region : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Thunberg, Rehmann, 614!

Bolus, 4717 Caledon Div.; near the Palmiet River and Houw Hoek, 1000-

286 CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Tetrarid.

2000 ft., Drége, 3965b! mountains of Baviaans Kloof, near oe Bur-

chell, 7780! Klein River Mountains, 1000-2000 ft., Zeyher, 439! Riversdale

Div. ; lower part of the Lange Bergen, near Kampsche e Berg, Burchell, 6957!

eximia (C. e Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. FI.

661); leaves 1—1 in. broad; hypogynous bristles about 4, small,

reat she white- ets style- base hemispheric, nearly smooth,

confluent with the young pistil; otherwise as though a very slender

Sourn Arr ICA: hana? ee cota 315!

Coser Reeion: Cupe Div.; F y, Robertson !

d leaf are bine ei me those of T. thermalis, the spikelets

(and clusters of them) nearly as large.

21. T. triangularis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

F]. Afr. v. 663) ; stem of medium thickness, acutely triangular; leaves

% in. broad ; panicle 8 by 1 in., wild thin, of about 12 subs olitary

bright ferru uginous-brown spikelets; otherwise as though a very

slender T’. thermalis. ype anne triangulare, Boeck. in Linnea,

XXXvili. 336.

Sour ~ rele without locality, Ecklon and Zeyher (ex Boeckeler).

Coast Region: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Burchell, 659!

The ese of this species are exceedingly young; it is clearly so allied

to T. therm

22. T. secans (C. B. Clarke in pg aa and Schinz, idiot Fi.

Afr. v. 663); glabrous ; stems 3—4 ft. (or more) long, trigonous, with

nodes scattered throughout their Lesa: teal sheaths, e entire, firm ;

leaves 12-20 by 2 in., but above the base soon narrowed, long acumi-

nate caudate “ cutting like a knife” (Burchell note) ; stem-leaves

similar but shorter, passing into the similar shorter bracts ; panicle

12-16 by 1-} in., compound with very numerous clustered spikelets ;

spikelets 4 in. long, ellipsoid, dusky-brown, lower empty glumes 6-5,

aristate, scarious-edged, somewhat puberulous; lower flower male,

with an imperfect pistil, upper xp perfecting a nut ; hypogynous

bristles 0; stamens 3; anthers o e genus scarcely "eared at the

base ; nut, es the short stalk, nearly 4 in. long, ovoid-ellipsoid,

smooth, bony; style-base when young large, pyramidal, hispid, but

in the ripe nut nearly absorbed.

Coast Region: Curgs Div.; in and near the forest vy the Touw River,

Burchell, 5712! 5733!

be ~ = yo hge? (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

7 v. 662); glabrous; rhizome very short, woody; stems 3-4

. i tufted, terete, with no odes (bearing leaves or bracts) scattered

Dimeghions their length ; basal leaf-sheaths fim riate ; leaves 12 by

2 in., “tough, stem-leaves and bracts similar, shorter ; ” panicle some-

ae in appearance simple, 12 by 1 in., with a single pedun cled

compound with 1-3 peduncles, up to 4 in. long, each bearing @ nen

of compound heads ; compound heads of kes often 1 ‘by 3

Fl. Afr.

Tetraria.] CYPERACER (Clarke). 287

grey-brown, with many aristate secondary bracts ; spikelets 1 in. long,

ellipsoid, acute, often more or less white scarious at the top ; empty

nut, including the stalk, 2+ in. long, ovoid, smooth, hard, finally

dusky-black ; style-base ultimately a depressed boss; style linear

long, branches 3 (Schrader says 2, which ‘has not been verified

even asanaccident). Schwnus oo Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 267 partly.

8. bromoides, Lam. Ill. i. 137; Encye. fer according to Schrader.

Schenus sp.n. 83, Rott. Deser. et Ic. 63, te 8, fig. 2. Lepidotosperma

Leottbeellit, Schr al. in Roem. et Schultes, es Veg. ii. Mant. ig

Lepidosper ma Kottbellii, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap, 37, t. 4, fig. 4

oeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 335. L. thermale, arti Syst. i 198

Marivhictacn thermale, Nees in Linnea, vii. 512 partly; Kunth,

wm. li. 321 mostly. S. Rottbeli, Nees in Linnea, viii. 88 ;

198. §, ener Nees ex Hochst. in Flora, 1845, 763.

FRICA: te Legioney — eo Thom, 1022! Chamisso, 217!

Eetlon Aeete Zeyher, 109!110!

d EGION: Bive Div.; near Phone “Town, yeaa Ergon 1183 ;

Siestantia, Wallich, 141! Devils Mountain, Rehm mps Bay,

Burchell, ay babe Div.; Paarl pean ae 100 mea a pees 7376!

Worcester ountains above Worcester, Rehmann, 2553! Stellenbosch Div.

near Sellen, 200 ft., Bolus, 2863 !

hypogynous bristles in this species and in T, involucrata resemble greatly

ia of the closely-allied Australian genus Lepidosperma,

24. T. cag ay (C. B, Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr 63) ; hardly attaining 3 in. in breadth; com-

Pound spikes 2 by 2 in.; young spikelets ferruginous ; otherwise as

Fagottballii, Pet, en angustifolium, Hochst. in Flora, 1815,

Soutr ae without Songs Thom! Bau

48T REGION: Cape Div. ; Constantia, Foss Falze Bay, Robertson! near

Cape Town, Revaian 1183!

ae seen are all very y _—_

rs r. Rottba The general mppesranee = diflere in the J ciate compo _

eads of series nad, spikelet

5. T. - Involucrata (C, B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Vv. 661) ; panicle very compound ; with often several peduncles

from each leaf-sheath ; spikelets smaller than those of 7’. Rottballit

nd in ver ry much amalieg clusters (only 1-4 together) ; otherwise

much as T. Rotthellii. Schonus involueratus, Rottb. Deser. et Jc. 64,

s 19, fig. pidosperma involucratum, Spreng. Syst. i. 194;

chrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 35; Boeck. in Linnea, esha 334. Belerv-

Chetium tnvolucratum, Nees in Linnea, vii. 511

Sourn AFnica: without locality, Zeyher, 4438! Sieber 231.

288 cypERAcE® (Clarke), [ Tetraria.

Coast Raion : Cape Div. ; between Rondebosch and Hout Bay, Drége! Tul-

bagh Div. ; on the Witsen Bere, reat 8698! j hae Div.; Du hae Kloof,

ab ne

1000- ége! mo orcest: ; we 95!

Caledon Div.; arorces of “Bavians Kloof, n near Ge enad er —. 7765!

or Div. ; on the summit of a mountain ak near Seuleanaa: Burchell,

pea

7364! Riversc isle Div. ; tae er ihe of the Lange ee above the waterfall at

Valley Rivers Poort, near Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 7015!

26. T. spiralis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. 663); leaves very narrowly linear ; hypogynous bristles

short, feathered ; otherwise as as 7. involucrata. Sclerochetium

spirale, Hochst. i Flora, i 761. Lepisia ustulata, Hochst. in

Flora, 1845, 761, not of Pre

Coast Region: Caledon Div.; mountain summits near Genadendal, Krauss.

I have not seen Krauss’ plant, but the fae oe is very full and good. ith

eed agrees, perfe ectly so far as it goes, Bur 986, collected on the Post Berg

in the bas gid, the bac

i caine “Whether ‘Burchell’s | 5986 is posse the ‘Selerocheet ium ag of Hoch-

tetter or no, it indicates a species close volucrata,

pa adeadtnel. unless Hochstetter’s description of S. spirale be its sonetigeot

- 27. T. ustulata (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 664) ; glabrous; horizontal rhizome slender but woody ;

stems often clustered, 15-30 in. long, slender, terete, striate, thick,

globose and woody at the base, with nodes between the panicle and

asal leaves ; basal leaf-sheaths a rich brown, fimbriate and usually

am basal leaves ane long, setaceous, i.e. close to the

base n. diam., nearly terete, woke elled ; stem-leaves ae lower

at nites but shorter, pa black cylindric tight sheaths ; panicle

3-7 —1t in., of about 2-8 fine-brown -compoun heads; spikelets

rather loosely clustered in the heads, 2 in. long; lower flower male,

with an imperfect pistil, upper 2-sexual, perfecting a nut ; lower empty

glumes 5-6, distichous, conspicuously aristate ; hypog Aye ee

or most minute ; ; stamens 3 or 4; style-branches 3 or 4; clud-

ing its stalk nearly 1 in. long, broad ellipsoid, ston mewhat

wrinkled. or obscurely longitudinally ribbed ; style-base *aitimately)

small, pyramidal, scabrous, pea with the nut. Schenus ustulatus,

Linn. Mant. 178; Thunb. Prod. 16; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult., 93 ; Nees

in Linnea, Vii. 527, excluding syn. "8 capillaceus Thunb. Scheenus

n. 82, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 63, t.18, fig.1. Lepisia ustulata, Presl, —

Bot. 10, t.5; Kunth, Enum. ii. 308. Elynanthus ustulatus, Nees 1%

Linnea, x. 189, 207 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 260.

wae AFRICA: without locality, Sieder, 117! ! Thom, 1025! Grey, 50! Papp’

nies Rreaton: Cape D rie Cape Town, Thunberg, Burchell, 926!

Camps Bay, Zeyher, 1780! ‘Seek 365! (Sie Bay, Wright, 523! Table

Mountain, Zeyher, 89! Pienaar es 617! False Bay, Robertson

mountain tops Kloof ‘ u

p - . Aust. 3

ai Diy. ; Dutoits Kloof, tid oe Riki sec Mountains near ree

Kloof, 1600 ft., Bolus, 4079! e Worcester, ‘Rehman, 2554!

Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek, 1500 ft. "Schlechter. 7445 !

aaa, A I a at

Tetraria. } cYrerace® (Clarke). 289

| HA 28.T. compar (Lestib. Essai Cyp. 1819, 36) ; glabrous; rhizome

short, horizontal; stems 8-30 in. long, tuft d, medium-sized,

terete, without nodes between the panicle and basal leaves ; leaf.

sheaths coloured, with searious edges, not fim aspen leaves 4-12 b

at the base ; qe sil by 2 in., nearly sessile, erect, rigid, a fine

rown, often viscid ; empty lower glumes 4—5, ovate hardly acute,

distichous, rigid; lower flower male, with imperfect pistil (or

sometimes . low er sowers iene ; we 2- we BS hae a nut;

iti bearing aes anthers tae nearly 2 in. long, with "libs

smooth, very minutely reticulated ; style er branches 3 or 4,

long, linear.” Schcenus compar, Linn. Mant.177 ; Thunb. Prod. a

l. Cap. ed. Schult. 93. 8S. arenarius, Schrad. ia Fl. Cap. 2

t.4, fig.2. S. viscosus, Schrad. Anal. Fl. Cap. 26. Schanus sp.n. 35;

Rotto, Deser, et Te. 65, 4.18, fig. 4. BRhynchospora nitida, Spreng.

Neue Exntad. iii, — Syst. i. 195. Elynanthus compar, Nees in

Linnea, vii. 520; . 187; ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 308 ; Boeck. in Linnea,

XXXxViii, 255, A arenarius, Nees in Linnea, i ix. 298. LE. viscosus,

Nees in Linnea, x. 186

So FRICA: without as Thunberg, Siever, 106! Verreaux! Ecklon!

Ecklon ang Zeyher, 101! :

Coast Region: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, Pappe / Table Mountain, Drége, 198!

Burchell, 8417! Relieona, 613! 620! Bolus, 4642! False Bay, Robertson! Con-

Stantia, Zeyher, 85! Tulbagh Diy.; mountain tops near New por 2000 ft.,

Quan, Herb. Aust.-Afr., 1685! Worcester Div. 3 Dintatte Ieloo 2000-4 4000 f.,

Drége! Caledon Div.; Houw Hlosk, 2000-2500 ft., Sc Srey 7383! 7413 !

Riversdale D Div. ; lower part of t ange pg one gall’ the waterfall at Valley

Rivers Poort, near Kampsche Berg, Burhe lu, 6990!

. 29. T. Thuarii (Beauv. in Mém. Inst. Fr. 1812 [ed. 1816]

mA BS) : glabrous; stem 11-3 ft. long, obscurely trigonous, with

1 or 2 2 eylindric sheaths between the panicle and basal leaves; stem-leaf

12-24 $72 In.; panicle 12 by 1-2 in,, compound, with numerous

erect branches and spikelets; bracts similar to the stem-leaf but

shorter ; spikelets approximate but hardly clustered, nearly 3 by

usky-br

the nut, linear, scabrous ; style-branches 3 or 4; nut obovoid,

ees style-base confluent with it, ne white, auger

hispid. * ile ay Ecklonii, Nees in Linnea, ix. 300; x. 195;

Kunth, Enum. 323; Boeck. in Linnea, unt 5 311. Tides

capensis, Kauih, ‘Sewn i. 311. oe

3) 8 satiiee ys eae (C. a 2-00 in. Mae wieh Durand mela ecient bate ae it

OL. vir,

290 cyperace® (Clarke). [Tetraria.

very narrow, soa almost threadlike, terete, but rigid; panicle 4-6 in. long,

with 10-40 spikelets; spikelets red-brown, more deeply coloured chon in

T. Thwarit peat

Sours Actas withont locality, Burke ! Pappe!

st Region: Clanwilliam Div. ; ergen, on sand-flats near eer

Bank, 3 ft., Drege, 2448! Lambe oek, r Clanwi as bi.

Tulbagh Diy. ; damp places at the re vi =< ountains around New 850

MacOw Herb. Aust.-Afr., ar Tulbagh, 600 ft., innit eat

ia; ened Div. cong and Zeyher, 108 !

AST w Reet ; Var. B: eh ete Bachmann, 76! 7

The Bi t Kew for comparison; but from - deri as also

from te locality, it sbi probably be some very distinct speci

30. T. punctoria (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 662); glabrous; stem 3 ft. long, terete, striate, often wit tha

node between the base and panicle ; basal lea- sheaths entire ; “ upper-

most go a terete leaf often as long as the stem ” (Boeck eler) ; panicle

n., compound, rather dense, of 15-30 dull-brown spikelets ; ;

the base; nut (including its stalk) nearly { in. long, ellipsoid scarcely

trigonous ; ie -base fused with the nut as a boss; style

branches 6 (or 8) long. Schenus pericnies, Vahl, Enum. ii. 211.

Choetospora ‘punctoria, Dietr. Sp. Pl. ii. 28 (cf. Schrad. Anal. Fl.

Cap. 33 in note), Buekia punctoria, Nees in Linnea, x. 197; Kunth,

Enum. ii. 310 ; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxviii. 310.

Sours nies without locality, Ecklon ond. —— 104! Masson ! Verreauc!

Region: Cape Div. ee en Wynberg and Const: ns Burchell, 818!

between Wyner tay Hout Bay, below 1000 ft., Drége! ‘Table Mountain,

Zeyher, ay, Robertson? Stellenbos sch Div. ; Lowrys Pas

eg he 4835!" on without precise locality, fe ell ! Tulba gh Div. ; at the

mountains near New Kloof, n Her ages t.-Afr , 1688!

uke Div.; mountains of Baviaans Kloof, ear mi eit eaakel ‘7892 | !

31. T. MacOwani (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, ena Fl.

Afr. v. 661); glabrous or nearly so; rhizome woody; stem: 2 ft.

long, acutely triquetrous, with nodes “between the basal aves 5 and

panicle ; basal leaves numerous, nearly as long as the stem, + in, and

more wide, but much rolled up when dry even at the base, long

bract but very much shorter; penis 10 by Lin., lax, thin, of 8-20 dull-

brown spikelets; spikelets 2 by 2 in.; glumes ovate ; keel green, hardl

excurrent ; lower flower male, with imperfect pistil ; upper 2-sexus

perfect ; hy pogynous bristles very small, linear, smooth ; stam :

anthers crested; nut (including its stalk) 1 in. long, ellipsoid.

obscurely 3- (or 4-) gonous; style short, linear, branches 6 (0F 8)

ong. Cheetospora hexandra, Boeck. in Flora, 1878, 37.

CentRaL Reeion: Somerset Div.; on the summit of Bosch Berg, 4800 ft.

Pete’ tinea 1864!

Mavrocheetium.] CYPERACEH (Clarke). 291

XXII. MACROCHATIUM, Steud.

an upper male ee se eh sometimes a added. HH pogynous bristles 6,

long, linear. Stamens 6. Style with a dilated base forming a bea

on the nut, song pie, branches 3 long. Nut rather small, obovoid

trigonous, sess

Species 1, sient, with the habit of on ral nia we Tetraria ; from which it

differs in tiie ew non-distichous glum t flower perfecting a nut.

It differs rel Carpha and Costularia i ae 6 ‘etiaens:

—_

Ke 7 Dregei (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. ii. 159); glabrous; rhizome

basa

nagar woody, thick ; stem 1-3 ft. long, stout, terete, striate ;

12 by 2 in., stout, striate, subdistichous, sheaths

striate ; panicle often 1 or 2 ft. long, 1-3 in. broad; branches

lowest sometimes near the base of the stem ;

lowest bract like the leaves, but — shorter; spikelets almost.

peered, chestnut-red, + in. long more, ellipsoid, of 4 (or

atistate, next glume ovate-oblong, obtuse, containing a perfect nut-

se eunys Se next glume similar to this, but bearing a scale flower

“Pian bristles 6, linear, longer than the nut (including

it el) lind) abrous-hairy ; nut sessile, including the style-base

Kunth, Hinum. ii. 311. Cyathocoma Neesii, ia - Linnea,

XXXViii, 312. Elynanthus Kraussii, Krauss in Flora 761.

1 “Pilg AFRICA: i locality, Burke! Drége, 3944! Eclion ye Zeyher,

O71! Pappe! Vervea te

ie Te Region : Peat Div. ; near Swellendam, 1000-4000 ft., Zeyher,

B, ! Riversdale Div.; at the foot of the Lange Bergen, near rence Bare,

wrchell, 71421 Uitenhage Div. ; Van Stadens Mountains, "MacOwan, 2020!

XXIII. CLADIUM, P. Browne.

1 Spikelet of 4-11 spirally imbricate glumes, with 1-~7 flowers, the

hee bisexual perfecting a nut. Stamens 3-2. Style linear,

pein 3 long; base dilated, oo confluent with the nut.

ut medium-sized, ovoid, trigono

Spec

nearly yo dere Insular or near the sea; one in South Africa, which is

oe C. Mariscus (R. Br. Prod, 236); glabrous, stoloniferous ; ;

m 3-8 ft. long, stout, roundish, with nodes (beari ng jeaves or

. by

Scab; in., tough,

b “¢ Lag ae the hand) on the margins and keel ; panicle 1—2 ft.

¥%-5 in, of numerous axillary compound (often dense) corymbs ;

292 cyprraces (Clarke). ic

s )

(or according to authors sometimes 3); nu essile, a oe

4 ne

i. 75, t. 5, fig. 7 ne C. Mariscus, Kunth, Enum. ii. 303 : ar: an

Linnea, XXXViil. 932. Schenus Mariscus, Linn, Sp. Plant. ed. ui.

62; Sowerby, Engl. Bot. t. 950.

— Coast Recion: Uitenhage Div.; Van Stadens River, below 200 ft., Drege,

3954! aie elizabeth Div. ; banks of the Krakakama River i . = MacOwan!

Kata : Griqualand West: Herbert Div.; a er Campbell,

Burchell, hry at ae Marloth, 1000! Edel ir ae 4040!

4484!

TERN ReGion: Natal; Umlaas River, Krauss, 162! Clairmont, 150 ft.,

Wood, 3846!

Widely dispersed in warm and t t

t o

XXIV. CHRYSITHRIX, Linn.

Spikelets several, 1-flowered, 1-sexual, in a dense spike; central

terminal flower a pistil without bracts, surrounded by numerous

linear bracts, some empty, a few carrying 1 stamen each. ypo-

gynous Mristles 0. Anther linear, with long linear crest. Style

long, linear, not dilated at the base, branches “3 linear, Nut ovoid,

subglobose, ait longitudinally many-striate.

Stem without nodes, except close to the base ; head 1, lateral, of a few spikes,

pope ako i coloured broad bracts ; lowest bract as though a continuation

DistRiB. ‘Guess endemic.

This is the pri ers of the Sub-Order Mapaniew prio in South Africa ; and

in this, as in a e Mapaniee, Bentham (G en. Pl. iii. 1057) « nig - ig

cribed is

eo sterile brace s, 1 or 2 at least, which come Se best the geese secre

h i ’

arti view s hardly possible; and it is negatived also by the og of the

at ¢ the spikes made a "Goebel ae Jard. Buitenz. vii. 128

Leaves flat... ee : ; igh CL ee

Leaves terete ... eae Pe) pearson

ae 1. C. capensis (Linn. ek. 304 t), Sinbeuse: rhizome, stout,

woody, ne clothed by hard ovate striate bro wired scales } in.

lo stem 12-20 in. long, rather slender, Lovie cee mooth, slencerly

striated, me flattened ag the head ; leaves 2 the len th of the

stem, ;};-} in. broad except near the folde base, falcate, with no

midrib Lair near the folded base ; lowest bract 2-4 in, Jong, erect,

similar to the leaves, from a folded base; head 3-2 by 3-5 im»

enclosed by ovate obtuse shining chestnut or black. red “bracts ; inner

bracts 2 in. long; . long. Zhunb. Fl. Cap. ed. ‘Schult.

431; Nees in Linnea, vii. 537; xi 14465 igs Enum. ii. 3655

hrysithriz. | CYPERACES (Clarke). 293.

Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 139. Wildenovia pale hy — in

Flora, 1829, 134 (ef. Nees in Linneea, vii. 619) not of Thu

Var, : subteres (C. B. Clarke in ee and Schinz, Conspect. ca Pee Ve

668); stem round- “trigonou s at the top, obscurely sle a fy striated; leaves

long, ie row. C. jwnciformis, Drage in Linnea, xx. 251 partly.

os Arica esa bias: a Pil to! ag ey

Coast Reer Ca Cap in front Table Mountain,

Thunberg, Table Mountain, pie ell, re Or eae ie to Rehmann, 76!

Swellendam aon 3; near Swellen ndam, 1000-4000 ft., Zeyher, 4424b! Riversdale

ae on the Pisaae e Berg, Burchell, 7082 George Div.; on the Post Berg,

t George, Burchell, 5948! near George, 1 060-2000 fhe Drége , 8942b! Var. B:

sala Div. ; ; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drége, 3942a

"),

2. C. junciformis (Nees in Linnea, x. 144); stem throughout its

Whole length terete, strongly striated; leaves terete, resembling

barren stems ; otherwise as C. capensis, Linn, Kunt hy Enum, ii.

365; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvii. 140.

Coasr Region: Riversdale Diy. ; summit of Kampsche Berg, Burchell, 7103!

XXV. SCLERIA, Berg.

Flowers all 1-sexual. Spikelets bisexual or unisexual ; bisexual

spikelets of 1 basal female flower, and 1 or more male flowers above ;

uni

concave, open, i.e. margins not ene y pogynous bristles 0.

Stamens 3-1 ; anthers linear- oblong, often mucronate. von wig

hot dilated at the base, branches 3 linear. Nut bony, ovoid, on

Se PRs 3 3 apex of gynophore often dilated into : ‘disc, eae

ttgonous, or compound, or with evolute lobes.

Stems with nodes throughout their pen ch emia trigonous; leaves and

irr at the base a, the stem, narrow, often very scabrous at the edges,

mg.

_ Dera. Species 160; common in Tropical, e.g in warm Temperat

ns, extending to Lake Ontario ait New Zealand, but absent from a

and the whole Mediterranean and Orient Region.

sabgenus a ne Spikelets many 2-sexual ;

margin annular yee minute, or ha rdly

any. Phy es nder or cely medium-sized,

With slender woody horizontal rhizomes (in the

Cape species), very narrow leaves and small

Spikelets,

Clusters of — usually distant on a nearly

ndivided g

Spikelets ae tNE in fruit :

lleaves sho: an se

rt ‘ , .»» (1) hirtella.

leaves long .., ies iat ... (2) catophylla.

tem slende: e base... ... (3) meyeriana.

Stem with a gina bulb at the base ... (4) Buchanani,

294 cypERrace® (Clarke). [ Scleria.

Clusters of spikelets sessile on a more or less

compound pani

Panicle slender with few branches

onger than broad... ae ... (5) dregeana.

broader than long ... ee ... (6) Rehmanni,

Nut

Panicle com

mpoun

Panicle lax with longer branches... (7) Woodii.

Phatiale at touter, more rigid ... (8) holcoides,

a II. Evsorerta. spikelts aa snisexua

of disc entire ith 3 rounded lobes

Plaats stouter than in the Sub genus ees oporu m,

leaves broader and tapering pare to the

” Nut large, ovoid, smooth, one often black-

tipp .. (9) melanomphala.

Nut medium-sized, ellipsoid, “strongly reti-

culated . (10) natalensis.

Subgenus III, Seinen. Spikelet ts all ‘usual 3

margin of dise with many lanceolate lobes. Plan

out, leaves broad, ste iaasie premorse at nneqeal

a, from the . (11) angusta.

1. S. hirtella aig Prod. 19); hairy, sometimes only je

inflorescence ; rhizome }—1 in. in diam., horizontal, woody ; stem

8-20 in. long, x very slender at the _baso, w with distant

nearly leafless sheaths; leaves 6-10 by 5 lower gradually

shorter ; spike 2-5 in. long ; clehers of Piles 1_] in. apart,

drooping, at least when ripening; spikelets 1—1 in. long, m

bisexual; nut 3,—;}; in., ovoid, surge -trigonous, white, smooth, s se

(but see var. £) ; gyno hore obpyramidal, margin obscurely 3-lohe ,

confluent with the nut, dise scarcely discernible. FJ. Ind. Occid.

ti. in Di

Enum, ii. 352. Hypoporum hir tellum, Nees in Linncedy i

R. B Herinsianiye whim ex C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, ——

Fl. ys v. 671); n mewhat — bee ne wa vy ribs, not shini

_— Siang : "Kou gha Div. ; m f the er, Flanagan, 2363

Karnanari R tre svaal; Magalies Berg, fepler, 1758! Var. B: Tennsvals

Miealion’ Bens, Burke, 62! Lesher , 233

ASTERN : Pondoland or aie between the Umtentu and Umzimkulu

Rivers, below 500 yf, Dré “9

The typical form is also found in Tropical Africa and America.

2. &. ripe (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 670); basal leaves close together, elongate, with h long

hair and ‘eel margins in the dry specimens ; otherwise a8 S.

hirtella.

Easteen ReGion: Natal; Clairmont, Wood 1423!

Also in Tropical Africa.

3. S8. meyeriana (Kunth, Enum. ii. 354); clusters of Y aie

erect even in fruit ; otherwise as 8. hirtella, Sw. Boeck. 2 n Linnea.

xxxviil. 441.

Scleria.] CYPERACEH (Clarke). 295

ALAHARI hae Bechuanaland; near the source of the Kuruman River,

Durche 2

TERN eet Pondoland, Drége, 4364!

Ate la.

early glabrous, whereas 8. gteget is ta ; the spikelets are ferruginous with

green marks, a colour not seen in S. h

4. 8. Buchanani (Boeck. Cyp. Nova i. 33, character emended) ;

stems with a bulbous woody thickening at the ‘base, 2 1-1 in, in diam. ;

otherwise as S. meyeriana.

Eastern Recion: Tembuland; Umnyolo, 3500 ft., Bawr, 759! Pondoland,

hide, ph rg |

Also in Tropical Africa and Madagascar.

5. 8. dregeana (Kunth, Enum. ii. 354); sparingly hairy ;

rhizome slender, creeping, woody, branching ; stems 12~30 in, long,

slender, at ae base very slender with distant short leaves; leaves

12 by Te—isz in. ; spike 1-5 in. long, with 1 or 2 branches at the

base or nearly unbranched; clusters ‘of aes 4—] in. — erect,

Town or nearly black; spikelets nearly + in. long, many 2-sexual ;

- . 1

shining, smooth or somewhat rough on the ae gynophore

obpyramidal, disc obscure. Boeck. in Linne@a, xxxviii. 443.

setulosa, Boeck. Cyp. Nove, i. 33,

Coast Recion : Komgha Div. ; marshy places near Komgha, 2000 ft.,

Flanagan, 1260! Stockenstrom Div.; Kat Bere 4000-5000 ft., Dréye, 3943!

ALAHARI REGION: Bastuland, Coope er, 3 a.

EASTERN EaGiom 3 Tombuland : : Basan: pclae ft., Bawr, 311! Pondoland,

Bachmann,

Also in re Tropical

The faci collected Ss mn, 9 oe has no ripe nut, therefore it is difficult

to say if it may not be S. m

6. S. Rehmanni (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

Afr. v. 674) ; spike more branched ; spikelets 3—} in. long, ee

brown; nut minute, a ta (broader ‘than long) penis

shining ; otherwise as S. dre regea

Katanart Region; Transvaal ; nanaek Rehmann, 5626

- . Woodii (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl.

nicle compound, lax, with capillary branches ;

spikelets 3 in Le about + in. long, pale brown or rusty brown ;

racts and bractlets (lowest empty glumes) aristate ; nut obovoid,

tather longer than ie white, smooth or obscurely reticulate ;

otherwise as S. dregea

Coast Region: Komgh a Div., Flanagan, 954!

AHARI REGION: Ora e Free State; Drakens Berg Range, Ansar! a

sgtmeor 114! adi Oliphants I 5000 ft., Se hlech

ASTERN ReGIon: Natal; Biggars Berg, 4000 ft., Wood, ‘er T (pikelots

monstrous, grown out) ; Zululand; near ei River, Wood, 3994

Also in Angola and Madagascar,

296 cyPerace® (Clarke). [ Scleria.

. S. holeoides (Kunth, Enum. ii. 354) ; pealy glabrous, except

the ‘leaf-sheaths ; rhizome horizontal, woody; stems 18-30 in. long,

somewhat stouter ey in ie of the 7 precedi a species ; slenderer

at the as Sys basal leaf-sheaths distant, nearly leafless; leaves

; panicle 3-4 by 1-2 in, compound, usually more

rigid and ne than in any of the preceding species ; spikelets

Ble

i=)

bart

Ler |

Soe

midal, diso ly discernible. Boeck, in ee XXXVIil

Bast ReGion: Pondoland or Natal; between Umtentu River and

Uunzinkl River, helo ow 500 ft., Drége, 4381! Natal; Durban Vat, Buchanan,

! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 349!

. S. melanomphala (Kunth, Enum. ii. 345) ; ; pee meas

canis the oe rhizome creeping, +45 in. diam ody 5

nearly smooth ; aves up to "ft, by 2 in., somewhat 3- sig a edges

scabrous, cutting the hand ; partial panicles 1-3, 3 by 2 rather

dense, long-peduncled ; spikelets all unisexual ; ‘female i in. n. long ;

male rather longer, : several flowered, chestnut- brown ; nut § in. long,

black’ style base is con uent) 3 gynophore pon eylinds dise

. 476. S.m

572, but not S. macrantha, Boeck. in 5 ai 1858, 647.

Coast Re@ton: Komgha Div.; Kei River, Flanagan, 988!

EasTERN REGION: ‘Tembul one between the Bashee River and Mor

1000-2000 ft., Drége, 4369! Pondoland, Buchmann, 124! Natal; Coast- Kae

Izikane, below 1000 ft., Sutherland! Inanda, Wood, 1597! near the Umlass

iver, Krauss, 42! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 351!

Also in Tropical Africa and the Mascarene Islands.

S. natalensis (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect.

Fl. Afr. v. 67 3) ; medium-sized; nut =, in. long, fenestrate ; dise

(at the apex of the gynophore) of 3 broad, short, rounded, subreflexed

white, earshaped lobes ; otherwise as S. melan omphal a

Por Sieteen REGION : Natal, Buchanan, 352! Gerrard, 450! Rehmann, 8000!

Closely allied to S. melanomphala, of similar habit and ragged panicles ; but not

likely to be mistaken for it, as it is considerably smaller in all its p

11. 8. angusta (Nees in Linnia, ix. 303); nearly glabrous;

rhizome }~} in. in diam., horizontal, woody, slothied by chestnut-red

ovate striate scales } in. long; stem often 3 ft. high;

leaves and bracts triquetrous or almost 3-winged ; leaves 1-2 ft. by

4—2 in., 3-nerved, the marginal portions (outside t the 2 strong lateral

oreo compan corymbs ; spikelets all 1-sexual, 1 in. long, pale;

nut /;—;'; in. long, ovoid, smooth, white or purpurascent ; gynophore

Scleria.] c¥PERACEE (Clarke). 297

obconic, ae black-purple, glandular with a short scarious white

3-lobed e ge {outer = bi anthers) dise aheve Jp byglm (inner

reaching about half te height of the nab. ‘aan. Sr. il. 346 ;

sn in Linn@a, Xxxviii.

RN on: Pondoland or ah atal; between the Umtentu and Umzim-

ku a Bian tak 500 ft., Dré age, — Na tal; Ungoya Forest, in a swamp,

Wood, 3863 | Balan Bay, "Jane

Also in Madagascar.

XXVI. ERIOSPORA, A. Rich.

Spikelets very small, 2-3-flowered, collected in close spikes

resermbling the spikelets of Scirpus, mostly oe about 4-glumed ;

owest flower female, upper 1-2 male. lei es ovate, boat-shaped,

vbscurely distichous, lowest empty, A fem Hypogynous bristles

numerous, linear, tamens 3-1; anthers a crested, Nut ovoid,

trigonous, passing gradually into the pana fi style-base ; linear part

of the style short, nario branches 3 long.

Perennials with linear leaves; stems with nodes bearing leaves or bracts

panicle oblong usally args tag lax, smaller in the South African species, with

slender peduncles

, oe Satie ra prea through Tropical Africa and the Mascarene

siahds,

. E. rehmanniana (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Con-

one Fl. Afr. v. 676); nearly glabrous, rather slender; rhizome

ure

leaves 8-10 in. long, setaceous, subtrigonous in section; mouths of

the split sheaths bearded by many white hairs ; panicle 2~3 in. long,

lax, with 8-16 spikes ; lower bract like the stem leaf, but only 1-2

m. long ; spikes 2 in. long, ellipsoid, dense with very many spirally-

i in. long, ellipsoi

rather stout, Bg apes style 3-fid. Trilepis , rekmanniana, ” Boeck.

ee C. B. Clarke in Durand and Schinz, Conspect. Fl. Afr. v. 676.

Kabanarr ach Transvaal; Houtbusch, Rehmann, 5624! Pretoria,

Rehmann, 44691

ma This African genus Eriospora is he aes Boeckeler with the American genus

be pieenasemten ot Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 1068. In Hricspora the spike-

ets are 2-sexual, in Fintelmannia ‘al ure l-sexual.

XAXVII. SCHENOXIPHIUM, Nees.

Spikelets, some bisexual on nearly every plant, aaah (male or

female) often added. Bisexual spikelet with one female flower at

the base and pest males on a stalk springing oie within the

So-called glume to the female flower. Glwme to female ovate ;

298 CYPERACER (Clarke). [Schaenowiphium.

margins free or only connate a Pag! little way up from the base.

Axis of spikelet below the m Srey ores Bey iit flattened,

seabrous on the margin. Style 3. fid. Other as Carex.

Carex only differs from this genus by having the fe cif utricles completely

abseil: but in a few androgynous Carices Segre spikelets pre the yrs se

utricle occur ; i there is no line bs ra these species and Sche

egeanum.—Stem nodose; panicle es haw hes asley datenke pet ire

very numerous; aren bracts etaise long-sheathin

Distris. Species 4, endemic in South Africa.

Glume ogee

oid a ere aes ... (1) rufum.

Nut narrowly a as es $3 eae ee) pois ere

Nut linear-oblon a slat oe .. (3) capen

Glume bifid at the t tip as se ian ae wag 24) sickmannianum.

1. S. rufum (Nees in Linnea, x. 201); glabrous, ed

scabrous; rhizome woody, divided at the apex; stem yh 30 1

long, rather stout, somewhat trigonous ; leaves 8-16 by 3—} in., flat,

tough; panicle 6-10 in. long ;- agin ts very numerous, approxi-

at 1

2 in. long, ovate, strongly 13-nerved, enclosing the nut, but the

edges free to the base; rhachilla below the lowest male flower

i wi tw

Nees in Linnea, x. 201 wily. 8. Lndwigis “Hochst. in Flora

1845, 764. 8S. dregeanum, Drege, Zwei er Documente

49, not of Kunth. Carex capensis, Thunb. Prod. 14; Fl. Cap. ed.

Schult . 90; Nees in Linnea, vii. 535, Pir of Schkuhr.

Soutn Arrica: without locality, Thunberg, Ecklon and Zeyher, 159!

Coast Reeton: = rt = abeth, Ecklon! Queenstown Div.; on the Storm

ip oe rae hae

ége

tn Re EotOx "Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, 4000 ft., MacOwan, 1866!

Philipsown Div., £

Ka rResiox ees nge Free State, Shorea 133!

Eas Ree Pondoland, Bachm 116! Natal; Durban Flat,

dechanae, 43! on ee en precise locality, Poke, OL!

. §. dregeanum (Kunth, Enum. ii. 529); margins of the leaves

(in dried specimens) much recurved ; thachilla to t ale part of

as bisexual spikelet not much widened or eared mi the top; nut

; in. long, narrowly ellipsoid; otherwise as S. rufum. 8. rujum,

Poet in Linnea, xli. hg partly. S. Burkei, C. B. Clarke in Journ.

Linn. Soc. Xx. 386, t. 30, fig. 8 (nut shown rather too narrow).

Sovtn Arrica: without poets ae =“ ae, 149! Zeyher, wy

CENTRAL REGION: Queenstown Div. ; orm Bergen, 5000-6200 ft-,

Drége, 7399! Cradock Div. ; near mda, Posey iy

This species is united by Boeckeler with the preceding (S. rufum), and is

Schenoxiphium.] cypERACEm (Clarke). 299

oceania specifically distinct. Some utricles, in Zeyher, 1873, and in other

examples, are very little split.

3. S. capense (Nees in Linnza, vii. 533, excluding synonyms) ;

robust, 3 tt. high; leaves more e than ¢ in. broad, flat; edges very

scabrous, cutting the hand; nut nearly 2 in. long, linear-oblong ;

otherwise nearly as S. rufum, Nees. Nees in Linnea, x.

partly ; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 353 partly. 8. meyertanum, Kunth,

Enum, ii. 530, not of C. B. Clarke. Hemicarex meyeriana, Benth.

in Journ. Linn. Soe. xviii. 367.

Sourn AFrica: without eet Bergius ! — ioe and Zeyher, 126!

Coast REarIon on ane te Table Mountain, 2000-30L0 ft., Drége, 329!

Swellendam Div. ; ntains along the toe part : the Zouder Einde

River, 500-2000 tt., aie, 4442!

4. §. sickmannianum (Kunth, Enum. ji. 530); plant rather

slenderer than S. ca , with na a less scabrid leaves ;

spikelets rather larger; female glume 1 in. long, elliptic, bifid;

otherwise as S. capense. S. capense, Boeck. in Linnea, xli.

partly, S. meyerianum, OC. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soe. xx. 386,

not of Kunth. Sehenus lanceus, Thunb, Prod. 17; Fl. Cap. ed.

Schult. 95. Hemicarex sickmanniana, Benth. in Jour n. Linn. Soc.

Xvlli. 367.

nai A¥FRiIca: without ieee Rael J ! — 119!

GION: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, 1200-1800 ft., Ecklon, 851!

tT Re

Bolus, "2861! 7938 ! Rehman, ‘ag pees rn 382! Worcester Div, ; Dutoits

Kloot, 2000-3000 ft., Drége

XXVIII. CAREX, Linn.

Spikelets unisexual or rarely bisexual, female 1- flowered, male (at

least in appearance) many-flowered, arranged in compound spikes or

(the male often) solitary. Fe male flower completely enclosed in a

utricle (really the bract to a division of the axis), Stamens 3-

anthers linear-oblong. Style-branches 3 or 2. Nué trigonous or

Rasen

Pereunial ayes: st grass-like. Bisexual spikelets occur only in Subgenus

Il. Bu -Care

DistRiz, etn ‘nik scattered throughout oar Fidei but especially in

moist eon eon fewer in South Africa than else

Subgenus I. Vianea. Style 2-fid.

Spike: a, ovoid, numerous, many 2-sexual,

pray er

Inflorescence a smal] esti _ ; utricle fags

dull-br Ms (1) divisa.

Tnflorescence la er; utricle brig eo

” (2) glomerata.

8 ike ub niculate | paler 5 utricle ellow-

* i : : ... (3) valpina.

_ Spikes shebie 48, solitary ‘Peduneled, ter-

minal wholly male (4) Phacota.

300 cyPERACKE (Clarke). [ Carex.

Subgenus II, Ev-Carex. Style 3-fid.

Sect. 1. Spikes female at the ee male at the top,

very rarely any wholly male. _ [Seve eral of these

~ Medium-sized plants, with ae (or no) nodes

between the oe leaves and ha inflores-

cence ; spikes about 6-20 on a ste

Utricles erciaiainy nut oblong o: ita

Utricle oblong-ellipsoid; nut alles (5) bisexualis.

gore abou lanceolate ; nut nearly

in ne ... (6) Zeyheri.

Utricles ovoid or “ellipsoid ; nut ovoid,

riquetro

Utricle na beaked :

Terminal _ clustered .. (7) dregeana.

florescence very narrow, strag-

i ; e (8) noses

cle very short-be

ric aked (9) 8

Utricle with long line eak.. » (10) aouheokixns:

Stout plants with many ita ek 50-150

on a stem

hai

Pastil p anicles pyramidal, open 11) spicato- a gles

Partial naniclos of dense oblong spikes 138 condens

Utricle glabrous eae usually a

rha ig Views . (183) Buchanani,

Sect. 2. — 3-8 (in C. " petitiana sometimes

8-12 Semin terminal pach male, lower

female often male at the tip. n C. cognata

er d othe rs) “occasionally, i in C. ‘pelitiana nearly

Female spikes 4-7 in, ‘long, slender, flexnose,

pendulous (14) petitiana.

Female spikes less (usually much less) than

3 in. long:

Utricle narrowed conically upward, hardly

eake

“Rather slender ; Fe orge male ~_ : (15) burchelliana.

2-3 ft. high; termin

a nik es 2 * (16) acutiformis.

Utricle more or less suddenly contracted

into

— ssl near together, one lowest

tant, but then with

ease — shortly exserted :

Female spikes

ovoid or short-

cylind es

Beak of utricle short roe rience i

Beak of utricle long . (18) fi

— = 1% in. long, nar-

owly cylindric . (19) cognita.

Spikes ta least the a female) dis.

tant, lowest often long peduncled :

Utriele e, Duss when nat young,

. (20) exthiopica.

viel at ‘least till nearly ripe,

""Fenle _ thick, erect,

scarcely ma ie (21) clavata.

passin yor ikes noddin

duncles much a ... (22) drakensbergensis.

Carew] éyperacem (Clarke), 301

1. ©. divisa (Huds. Fl. Angl. 348) ; glabrous ; rhizome 1-8 in,

long, horizontal, gion, stems 6-18 in. long; leaves often 2 the

length of the stem, =4—1 in. bro ad § inflorescence 3-14 by 1—1 in., a

compound spike, lowest bract 2 2 in, long, or sometimes much over-

topping the inflorescence; spikes ovoid, many bisexual, female at

the base, male at the top; female glumes ovate, acuminate or short-

mucronate, brown ; style 2-fid; ukeidl ovate, acuminate, flattened,

moderately nerved ; beak short, bifid, scabrous-edged; nut fat,

ovoid, truncate, much ates than the al Kunth, “Enum, 0.372

Bott, iv. 186; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix. 54; C. B. Clarke

tn Bas rags Fi. Brit. ae 7: TOL. -C, a ES Schkuhr, ge 2

30, 'e fig. 87. CC. consanguinea, Kunth, Enum 374.

Vignea ‘ind Reich. Fl. Excurs. 58.

Western Recton: orem Namaqualand; between Pedros Kloof and Lily

test 4000 ft., Drége, 2450!

idely distributed,

In the South African form (C. aay get dopa n the angles of the stem

are Closely es — the anthers have g linear white crest; in the

a pical European C. divisa, Hedeon, # the an les - te stem are remotely scabrous

r smooth, ee the shes are muticous or scarcely apiculate.

2. C. glomerata (Thunb. Prod. Bot : pag st ; rhizome

1-12 in. long, horizontal, woody; stems 10-20 i - long, smooth

or nearly so on the 3 angles at the on: ; leaves often 2 % the length

rarely overtopping the inflorescenee ; spikes ovoid, man isexual,

female at the base, male at the top; i female glumes ovate, acuminate

or short-mucronate, brown; style 2-fid ; utricle ovate, acuminate,

plane- zy green then chestnut, moderately nerved on both faces ;

beak short, bi ifid, with a green scabrous margin at the base; nut

flat, ae? pr igayrr much shorter than the utricle. Thunb. Fl. Ca ap.

ed. Schult. 90; Nees in Linnea, vii. 534; x. 203; Kunth, Enum.

li, 384; B ne Carex, ii. 81, t. 222; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxix.

59 F nth (i. e. the African plant and synon.) ; not of Schkuhr nor

of Host. C. vulpina, var. 8, Wahl. in Act. Holm. 1803, 144

Sourn AFRica: a locality, Verreauxr

hn agen ReEGion: Riversdale Div.; Great Tis River, Burch+ll, 6554! Albany

ar Gri shamstown, MacOwan ! Uitenhage Div.; Zwartkops River, Ecklon

and Zeyher, 187!

KaLanariI ReGion : Orange Free ree Buchanan, 97!

Species differs little from C. divisa ; it is rather pri with a larger in-

eee, the chief obvious aoa is the la arger, brighter-chestnut, green-

‘uargined utricle, which also separates (. glomerata trom pre mined kc ~

muricata, Linn., which has yellow-brown utricles and the spike more in

ie to the synouymy given above, it refers at least partly to the “aligering

pecies,

C. vulpina (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. i. 973); rather stouter than ”

Pipe stems scabrous at the top; leaves broader, usually +

802 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Carew.

and more broad ; inflorescence ie — often 2 in. long or more

with the lower branches of the e panicle growing out, frequently 2 4 in.

long and more; utricle yellow, finally brown, not shining chestnut-

brown ; ; edges upward and base of beak strongly margined ; otherwis°

as C. glomerata, Thunb. Schkuhr, Riedgr. i. 17 and ii. 12, ¢.

C fig. 10; Kunth, Enum. ii. 383 : Boeck, in Linnea, xxxix. 89.

C. ylom erata, Drege, Zwei acai Documente 56, 58, and

probably of other authors in part

Coast Reaion: Queenstown Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft. ge 823! 1136!

CENTRAL REGION: Victaria Wes t Div.; Nieuw Veld, ween Brak River

and Uitvlugt, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Richmond Div. ; tenes of Styl Kloof,

near Richmond, 4000-5000 ft., Drége/

Also in Europe, West Asia and North Africa.

4. C, Phacota Saag Syst. iii. 826) ; glabrous ; rhizome woody,

creeping ; stem 1-25 ft. long; leaves often as ne the stem, 4-4 In.

wide; spikes 3-8, long- -pedunc led, 1-21 i ng, linear-eylindric,

dense, terminal wholly ‘male, the others aes frequently male at

the top; lowest bract overtopping the inflorescen nee or sometimes

shorter than it; female glumes 3-nerved, with a rough excurrent

lanceolate tip, greenish; style 2-fid, short; utricle flat, “ovoid, beak-

—. triangular- spears: rag any rough to its base with red glands

Kunth, Enum. ii. 420; Boot . Carex, i . 63, #. 168; Boeck.

ane xl, 138; "C. B. ‘Gere: in Hook. f Fl, Brit. Ind. vi. 708.

ARI REGION: Transvaal ; oe Rehmann, 4039! Orange Free

Een ies Wie, Cooper, ant "333

in a nok by the Mooi River, Wood, 4038!

MacOwan, Herb. Aust -Afr., i690

Also in ng Malaya and Japan.

h African cig differ from the Indian in having ee been a

larger (often 3 in. wide), the utricles longer and more genaret wnig se fem

glumes considerably tee hen much fetes the utricles ; Bocek a bie

onary has mark ahs Cape plant oe oe Phaco poe er eases. and the fifference®

nearly as long as the stem, 1 in. broad; spike compound, l-lz by

in., rather dense, of 10-40 spikelets; lowest braet 2-4 in. long,

similar to the leaves, hardly sheathing at the base ; spikelets mainly

1-sexual, a few 2-sexual 1 G.e. the rhachilla to the male beac are of

greenish ; utricle 1—1 in. long, trigonous, gas Fara oat hg ae

voth, many-nerved, greenish; nut nearly filling the ut?! ricle,

narrowly ellipsoid. Evlanadighsesl Thunbergit, Nees. in Linnea, X-

201 partly; Kunth, Enum. ii. 531; Boeck. in Linnea, xii. 359

mainly; C. B. Clarke in Journ, Linn. Soc. xx. 388, t. 30, fig. 9 il

(nut drawn too broat). S. Ecklonii, Nees in Linnea, x. 200 partly:

emicarez Thunbergit, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. xviii. 367.

Carex. ] CYPERACE® (Clarke). 303

Ast ReGion : Cape Div.; Lion Mountain, Ecklon, 853! Pappe! near Cape

eon Harvey, 196!

Mi it is very n C. dreg soy a Kg the pie ae a are ara

and all unisexual ; es pe swing ‘tin Jou Seve t. 30) was taken from

appe’

s example which has a few nig aap ue. it oaeeaunule shows

the utricle split on one side at the top.

C. Zeyheri (C. B. Clarke); leaves scarcely + broad ; in-

sda shortened, subovoid, of 15-30 spikelets; ae L in.

ong and upwards, narrow- oblong, acuminate ; nut 4 in. long, linear-

oblong curved ; otherwise as C. diseawalis. Schenowiphium Ecklonit,

Nees in Linnea, x. 200 partly ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 531; C. B. Clarke

in “alae Linn. Soc. xx. 388. S. Thunbergii, Nees in Linnea, x.

201 partly ; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 355 partly. Hemicarex Ecklonit,

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 367.

Coa Reeion: Swellendam Div.; on mountains along the lower part of the

Zowter Einde River, 500-2000 ft. gs te 4441! Uitenhage Div.; Grass Ridge,

7. ©. dregeana (Kunth, Enum. ii. 511); orgie rhizome

woody, short ; stems Poemie gin 6-14 in eas oe or 1 node

dense cohtpented a 2 by = im, of 50 Sees braets

usually overtopping the infloreseence ; Pash ie all unisexual ;

female spikes somewhat dense; utricles 4, in. long, obovoid,

trigonous, many-striate, smooth, ultimately yellow-brown, suddenly

narrowed near the top into a short bifid cone, not bea ed, not con-

iment sacle

geogr. Documente 136, 188; in Linnea, xx. 252. C. spartea, Boeck.

in mabe xl. 370 eacl. syn.; Schkhur, Riedgr. t. Bb fig. 86,

major (C. 13% es a. in all its parts ; spikes and re ee

disesh hut atiaining 1,

st ReGion: Tulbagh nine Daspminer Tulbagh and “ fags Drostdy,”” Bur-

chell, 1041! Swellendam Div. ; aniye nies so , Zeyher, 4440!

Alexandria Diy. Sica ~~ Berg Re ge, O tt. Diet hase Div. ;

Grahamstown, Ale era : Bathurst ag between Port Alfred and

Kaftir Drift, Berek, ou! Soh Div.; near Ca atheart, 4500 ft., Kuntze!

Cenrrat ReG@ion: Somerset Div. ; ; Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, 3000-4000 ft.,

oe 2033!

ERN REGION: aes Umnyolo, near Bazeia, 3000 ft., Baur, 744 !

Sg Inanda, Wood,

Small y;

304 oyperace® (Clarke). (Carew.

8. C. Bolusi (C. B. Clarke) ; stems up to 20 in. long, very

slender; inflorescence 5-10 in. long, very slender, sa a re thin

a : utricles somewhat distant, subsolitary; otherwise as C.

dregear

Coast aes Bathurs aie ‘dg Alfred, Hutto

CEeNTAL Keeion: Graaff Reine ; Cave Mou aati soa ee Bolus, 1974!

EastTeRN KEGION: Natal, expen 508 | “Reh

This has the beakless esis cai C. dregeana, ser not the sacaini compound

close inflorescence of that s

9. C. spartea as. in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. mera

1803, 149) : stems 15-24 in. long, slender; influrescence 5-10 1

826.

otherwise as in C. dregeana, Kunth. Schkuhr, Riedgr. ii. 40, t

Bb fig. 86 (except perhaps as Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 90;

C. indica, Schkuhr, Riedgr. i. 37, not of Linn. C. Sprengelti,

oeck, in Linnea, x). 37 ‘ “Uneinia spartea, Nees in Linnea,

x. 205. U. Sprengelii, Nees in Linnea, x. 205.

ak leo without locality, Thunb

Coast REG Riversdale rahe near eo Zoetemelks River, in a walk to

the White-elay. Pit, ra te 6643

Kan

: Tran svaal ; eso Rehmann, 4041 !

The Tropical en C. schimperiana hardly differs except by the absence (in

the small BS oer of it ponte or sha "spelt. —Hardly separable from the

preceding

10. C. ean SO in ae xl, 372) ; stems 15-24 in.

long, slender; leaves 2 the length of the stem, weak, 3—} in, broad,

green; inflorescence 5-10 in. aes ery la ax, thin, with remote

straggling axillary spikes; spikelets loose and irregular, bisexual and

unisexual; utricles subsolitary, often (beak in neluded) 2 3-1 in. long

beak + the length of the utricle, linear; otherwise as C. ‘sparted. 0.

spartea, Kunth, Enum. ii. ‘get excel, syn. 3 mit a ne et ae

Documente 134. Unei Lehmanni, Nees ; x 6.

Se a egal een Kunth, wk: ii. 528 ; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum 5.

Ces Reeion: Alexandria ie 3 Enon, 1000-2000 ft., Drege! Albany D

pager 2000 » MacOwan , 1206! Kis png Wiliams ie

RN al; Van iene Pass, 5800 ft., Kuntze, 290!

‘There are ad t in one spike r male whitish spikelets ti in. long,

(2) utricles with the linear beak shortly bifid at the top, either solitary or wit th @

male spikelet risi ir base outside, (3) “ bisexual ’ xiphioid

spikelets in which the rapa f 4 in. white male spikelet is included 1

t ricle en is split down sometimes deeply on one side to allow the

rhachilla to emer

11. C. spi cat-panienlata (C. B. Clarke in Durand and Sehinz,

Conspeet. Fl. Afr. v. 690) ; stout ; stem 2-3 ft. long; leaves rather

numerous, 18 by {-3 in., scabrous | on the margins, and often on the

semeaermanesneoaste — —

aaa (ene

Carex. | CYPERACE® (Clarke), 305

keel beneath; inflorescence 1 ft. long, of 4-5 axillary, peduncled,

pyramidal, eompot ound panicles ; cee apa! densel oe

-150 to a

4 8 utricles, no 3. fid; disichs including beak, 3 in. long,

ellipsoid, trigonous, many- -ribbed, hispid nearly to the base, straight ;

beak linear, half the length of the utricle, round- notched, with

2 linear teeth; nut filling the utricle except the bea

Kaan REGIon: Orange Free State, Buchanan, 98! on the Drakens

Berg song Cooper, 1066! Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 562

tASTERN REGION: fe Inanda, Wood, 1190! and without precise locality,

Buchanan, 350 ! 355

Also in Tropical ftiea:

The examples of this species are exactly alike, and easily distinguished from

any other South African — But this section of Carew (Indice of authors)

comprises about 20 species in India and 10 in Tropical Africa, abounding in

Individuals and varieties, ‘aa Myce closely allied. The nearest African species

elongate, curv less ‘eatha Hd yess arest Indian species is C. cv uciata,

Wall. , Which has more ovoid, voir ; ilsionie: narrowed, less hairy utricles

12. C. condensata (Nees in Wight, Contrib. 123); ——

peduncled panicles oblong, dense, ferruginous ; spikes usually w

1-4 utricles at the base and numerous males above; utricles ov a

more or less hairy; otherwise as C. spicato-paniculata, C. B. Clarke.

Boott, Carex, ii. 86, tt. 247, 248; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. vi. 716

Kvanan Resco: Orange Free State, Buchanan,

EasteERN Reaion: Tembuland; in forests on Bazeia oad 2000-2500 ft.,

Baur, 444! 1156) Nat al, Buchanan, 149! 353!

Also in Northern India.

In this ge nearly — of the fruiting spikes have a conspicuous lanceolate

male top, while in C. spicato-paniculata the oe a appear to be entirely

female, or with a ve ery tew ferruginous glumes at the

13. C. Buchanani (C. B. Clarke) ; panicle 13 by 2 in., interrupted,

of 4-5 distant, rather loose, axillary a panicles ; branches

—t =, long, elliptic, aati male,

dni narrowed into a short poe eae faci _Sehenoeihian

Afr. v

seni ves Natal, Buchanan, 134!

. The material consists merely of the top of o The utricle, when

emale, usually contains a fiat rudimentary Pee A nag " The plant is close sro

allied to Schenoxiphi th t renders it

specifically psi Ox% ip ium + anes. The genus is doubtfal, but the nut re

il. x

306 cypErace® (Clarke). [ Carex.

14. C. petitiana (A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 513); glabrous;

stems stout, 2- a ft. long; —— 12— 24 pa in., closely striate

g, of 4—9 rusty-brown makes aaa fometime wholly male,

laainantis female at the top, lower female 4-7 by 1—} in. cylindric,

pendulous peduncled ; glumes lanceolate, serena or mucronate,

brown, much overto opping the utricles ; utricle =; in. long, ellipsoid,

scarcely trigonous, stalked, slenderly few-ribbed, smooth, yellowish-

brown, often with microseopic glandular dots; beak hardly ¢ the

length of the utricle, linear, scarcely notched; style of. 3 nut

obovoid, trigonous, much shorter than’ the utricle. Boott, Carex, i.

88, ¢. 259; Boeck. in Linnea, xl. 411. C. pendula, C, B. Clarke im

Dur and and Sel ahi, ‘Conapect. Fi, Afr. v. 688 partly, i.e. as to all the

outh Africa plants cited.

Coast Region: King Williamstown Div.; Perie Forest, 1900 ft., Kuntze !

British Kaffraria, Pete 4

ie ge REGIon : Somerset Diy.; in woods on the sides of Bosch Berg,

» MacQwan, "1608 |

Res Reeion: Orange Free State, Cooper, 333

GION: ‘Tembuland ; forests on Bazeia Heaniats, 2500 ft., Baur

443! Natal, Buchanan, 68!

Also in Abyssinia.

This has — — habit od - ia ie ee: and the South African

been

plants have med hit Boott l.c. doubts whether C see

A. Rich., is o th an a form of 7 ia a, Fudson, In the latter the termina

spike is (except accidentally) wholly male; the glumes to the utricl ue A

shorter and anne oe the utricle is less stalke d sqciags i.

conte lineolate. At all events, if C. petitiana be kept up as a species, % i

done by Boott and Boeckeler, “all the South African examples agree minutely

with it—not with C. pendula,

15. C. Parser (Boeck, in ae xli, 234); aR a

10-18 in. long, nearly smooth ; leaves 4-10 by Tos

a rough mucro, hardly so fe as the wisicle ; style 3-fid ; oe

+a in. long, ellipsoid, trigonous, narrowed upwards into a very shor f

beak, 8-10-nerved, dotted with red glands, glabrous ; beak and tip °

the utricle minutely papillose-seabrous ; nut obovoid, trigonous, on 4

slender stalk. C. flavescens, Burchell, Trav. i. 467, name only.

KatAHArRI Reeion: Griqualand West; Herbert Div., at Upper Campbell,

Burchell, 1831! Hay Div., at Griqua Town, Burchell, 1911!

This plant resembles C. diluta, M. Bieb., which has re found to leg ~

with the European C. punetata, Gand. (cf. C. B. Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. vi. 737). It differs, as Boeekeler states, by the pitt stalk to the n

which cannot be found in C. dil:

Carex. ] CYPERACEX (Clarke). 807

16. C. acutiformis (Ehrh. Beitr. iv. 43); glabrous ; stems 3-2 ft.

long, robust, scabrous at the top; leaves often 2 2 the len ngth of the

-; In. broad ; spikes 3-7, distant, erect, male 2~1, 13 by + in,

chestnut, Sitalos 12 y + in., lowest on a 1-3 in. sediinele, but

very erect; glumes of female ” spikes oblong-lanceolate, caudate,

brown or chestnut-brown, overtopping (in Ca ape examples) the

utricles ; style-branches 3, rather short; utricles ovoid, trigonous,

7-9-nerved, glabrous, minutely granular, espe ecially upwards,

triangular acuminate, hardly beaked; nut broadly obovoid-globose,

scarcely 2 the length of the utricle. oeck. in Linnea, xli. 289;

C.B. herkee in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 740. C. paludosa, Gooden.

in - rans. Linn. Soc. i. 202; Kunth, Enum. 1. 487.

7 hipaa Somerset Div.; on the summit of Bosch Berg, 4500 ft.,

MacOwan 1963

RI es oN: Transvaal ;. Marico District, on the banks of the Matebe

ie Holub, 1558! 1559!

Widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone.

The South African plant differs a little from the sce eee in — ing the ae

glumes much more aristate, the utricles nearly or quite beakless, the nut broader

than long and v. Mig truncate. Holub’s three ame have aa rps eae

female at the t

17. C. extensa (Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii, 175, t. 21,

fig.7); glabrous; stems 6-18 in. long, nearly smooth ; leaves usually

as long as the stem, q5-} in. broad, thinly scabrous ; spikes 3-4

: “A

often overtopping the inflorescence

4-7 in.; female spikes 1 by + in. (but, in Buchanan 167,

1} by 4 in., not crowded, lowest 13 i in. distant) ; glumes oblong, often

truncate, brown, with the 3-nerved brown keel often excurrent as a

nearly the same as the female; style 3-fid; utricle } in. long,

ellipsoid trigonous, 10-13-nerved, glabrous, narrowed into a short

ere rag about 2 1 the length of the utricle, Schkuhr, Riedgr. i, 745

56, t. Xx, 72, and t. V. 72; ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 447; Boeck. in

Te nnea, sr 288. C. Eecklonii, Nees in Linnea, x. 203 ; Kunze,

Suppl. Riedgr. 25,¢.5; Kunth, Enum. ii. 517,

Sourn Arnica: without locality, Bergius! Ver reaux ! Harvey, 349! Pappe!

we Hague: Port Elizabeth Diy. ; common along the coast, E.S.C.A. Her).,

Eastern Region: Natal; near Greytown, Buchanan, 167!

Petr nin distributed in Europe, North Africa, the Orient, and North and South

‘the ine uth African material agrees — the largest European examples ; having

& keel of the elites ation gly e ent, the beak rather long, and has both

narrow and br eee Sack uns Bo ott me ees with Boeckeler that C. Ecklonii cannot

kept distinct from (, exten

; C, flava (Linn, Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 1384); glabrous ; stems 4-24 in

re leaves % the length of the stem, narrow ; spikes 3-5, all (or

2 a

308 * CYPERACEH (Clarke). [ Carex.

all but one) usually clustered, subterminal; terminal spike male,

the rest female, or with a few males at the top, }—2 in. long, short-

Shine or globose, dense, yellow; glumes ovate-oblong, obtuse ;

utricles gubglobose, ‘inflated, glabrous, minutely granular, ribbed,

suddenly narrowed into the beak; beak 1-3 the len gih of the

utricle, linear, curved, often deflexed. Schkuhr, Riedgr. is TA

ii. 56, t. H, fig. 36; Engl. Bot. t. 1294; Kunth, Enum. ii. 446;

Boeck. in Linnea, xli. 272. C. Gderi, Willd. - Act, Berol.

1794, 44, ¢.1, fig.2; Schhkuhr, Riedgr.i. 67, t. F, fig.

KaLAHARI deters Basutoland; Mont aux Sources, 9500 ft., Flanagan,

2013!

Widely distributed in Europe and the Orient to Kashmir, and in North

America.

19. C. cognata (Kunth, Enum. ii. 502); stem 3 ft., top triquetrous

scabrous ; leaves 1-23 ft. long, 4-2 in. broad, midi’ shar tply pro-

jecting beneath, tissue lax transversely lineate ; spikes about 7, pale,

close together near the top of the stem, sessile, erect (lowest 1 in.

spikes in fruit 14 by nearly 1 in., dense ;

spike, lane ceolate, green with white margins, the hispid arista long

but hardly reaching the top of the utricle; utricles spreading, not

deflexed, ovoid- subglobose, suddenly narrowed into a slender beak

much shorter than the utricle, with about 12 strong nerves, tissue thin

shining glabrous ; beak smooth with 2 rather long spreading smooth

linear ‘teat ; nut smaller than the glume, trigonous, dull-brown,

obovoid hardly longer than broad. Boeck. in Linnea, xii. 299.

C. retrorsa, Nees in “Linnea, x. 204, not of Schweinitz. C. Pseudo-

cyperus, var., Boott, Carex, iv. 141.

OAST hbase: Swellendam and Sa "aay fide Nees.

Eastern Region : Delagoa Bay; Jun

This differs from C. Pseudo-cyperus, ot tai the broader utricles and nuts ; it

sll ih near C. spherogyne, Baker (from Madagascar), which has narrower

eav

20. C. — apolar Riedgr. i. 107, t. Z, fig. eed

glabrous; stems 11-4 ng; basal "leaves 1-21 ft. by 1-} in.;

spikes 3-7, lowest rol in. a top 1-2 inde, others female ;

male spike 1-11 by 2 in., rusty-brown ; keel of glumes excurrent ;

4 4

glumes oblong-elliptic, 3-nerved; keel _ excurrent, overtopping the

utricle ; style 3-fid ; utricles scarcely 2 in. long, ellipsoid, trigonous;

narrowed into a short smooth shortly bifid be ak, gla broue, slenderly

nerved, even when very young red-brown, in fruit with red glands ; ;

nut obovoid, erage sessile, $ the length of the utricle exclusive

of its beak. Boott, Carex, iii. ‘110, t, 341- 343 ; Boeck. in Linnea,

= 285, oe boigtinye Kanth Enum. ii. 492,

am 6 1 a (C. B ke); spikes larger, female 3 in. broad and

upwarie sista more than Pe ms oh acutely triquetrous, narrowed into a longer

a ie el

Carex.) CYPERACE (Clarke), 309

, wala aii without pag Zeyher, 743

Ast REeGion: Cape -; Devils Mo Menten n, near the waterfall, 200 ft.,

Bolus, 3848 ! ein Div. ; in the forest near George, Burcheil, 6048 , Knysna

mae ; Ruigte Valley, below 500 ft., Dréye, 7398! Uitenhage Div.; in the forests

n Van Stadens Ber rg, Ecklon and Zeyher, 684! Var. 8: Bathurst Div. ;

Kaffir si: fhm 3869! Albany Div.; in woods on Bothas Hill, 2200 ft.,

MacOwan, 1013!

The synonymy of this “ats called C. levigata by Wahl. and Kunth, is given

by Boott (Cares, iii. nogvlss ys ‘es also be seen that the type of Schkuhr’s

C. eth iopica was collec sioahn in hae Africa, and not in the Island

of Bourbon as pa a ia Schkuh

ie]

“

stout, triquetrous at ve top, rough ; aes 12 ft. long, 3-2 PRE

times more than +) in. broad; spikes 4-6, lower distant, suberect ;

bracts very long; peduncles short, lowest ‘sometimes 3 in. long, but

not much eal. terminal spike (sometimes the next also) male,

bright-brown, sometimes with afew females at the top ; female spikes

1-21 by 1 in., dense ; female glumes ovate ; arista reaching nearly to

the ‘top of the beak ; kegel (including beak) 2 in. long, ellipsoid,

narrowed rather suddenl beak, striated, glabrous, when

young greenish, in fruit cee deflexed; beak about 2 the length

of the utricle, deeply bifid into nearly linear teet h; nut ae in. long,

obovoid, triquetrous, dark-brown, nearly filling the utricle. FV. Cap.

ef Schult. 90; Schkuhr, Riedgr. ii. 55; Kunze, Suppl. Riedgr. 67,

7; Nees in Linnea, vii. 535; x. 204 ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 495;

» nm Lin xli. 298. C. vesicaria, Thunb. Prod. 14; Fl.

Cap. edit. Schult. 90, not of Linn, . lutensis, Kunth, Enum. ii.

487 . macrocystis, Boeck. Cyp. Novae, i. 50 (?).

Souta Tae without gen Thunberg, Pappe, 77! Harvey, 345! 365!

Thom, 894! R. Brown ! Dre rege, 4367 !

Coast mee beds esbur. ry Div. ; Groene Kloof, below 500 ft., Drége / Cape

Div.; between the Lions Head and Table Mountain, Burchell , 275 ! by the

able

allich ! Paar

Div. ; Paarl 1 Mountains, 1000-2000 ft., Drége 1563! Port Elizabeth Div.; common

along es coast, E.8.C. A. Herb., 174! Bathurst Div. ; ea Theopolis, "Burchell,

4137! a t the source of the Kasuga River, Burchell, 390

ay ReEe@ion : Orange Free State, Buchanan, iat

No authentic example of C. macrocystis, Boeck., has been seen. As the utricle

was y in. long, it must either eer been C, clavata, Thunb., or some entirely new

ae Species, which latter alternative is im probable, as hare found his

“4 crocystis in the collection of Ecklon and Zeyher.

22. ©. drakensbergensis (C. B. oe stems 3 ft. long,

stout, triquetrous at the top, rough; leaves 1-2 ft. by {-} in,

closely longitudinally striate, not (or om obscurely) transversely

—— spikes 5-7, lower distant 3-8 in.; bracts ve ry long ;

lo septic ie often 3-4 in. long (and top female spike usually

stint larity terminal spike male, or with a very few females

the top; glumes tin. long, narrow-lanceolate, pale-brown ; female

spikes 1-3 py 42 in, dense, pale-brown in fruit; female glumes

elliptic, bright-brown ; arista reaching the top of the sep style 3-fid ;

310 CYPERACE® (Clarke). [ Carew.

utricle 1 in. Jong (beak included), ellipsoid, rather suddenly

narrowed, with 1— $ very strong ribs, glabrous ; beak + the length of

the utricle or rather more, deeply bifid into almost linear teeth ; nut

nearly filling the utricle.

Katanart Region: Orange Free State; on the Drakens Berg, near Harri-

smith, Jerr 112! 186! Transvaal; Mooi River, near Potchenstroom,

Nelson

ied a gion: Griqualand East; river banks near Kokstad, Haygarth in

Herb. Wood, 4201! Natal, Buchanan, 137!

OrvEr CLI. GRAMINEZ.

(By O. Srapr.)

Partial inflorescences (spiielets) consisting of an axis (7 sag a8

and, typically, of or more preg distichous, more or les

heteromorphous bracts, of which the 2 lowest (glumes) form an in-

volucre to the spikelet eae are st "whilst the following Na

ents o

Sa minute aa or fleshy, nerved or nerveless- scales

versatile, scpiicantee of 2 parallel cells, opening longitudinally by

lateral, rarely 3 or 1, free or more or less united,

short ; stigmas as many as the styles, with simple or branched

stigmatic hairs, exserted from the sides or the top of the florets ;

ovule 1, anatropous, often more or less adnate to the posterior side of

the pol hibaics with the thin cea adnate to the eed

cotyledon shield-like (sewtellum), closely attached by its inner side

to the cme gare having the plumule and the descending radicle in

front, and sometimes also a small tate appenduge opposite } it

(epiblast).

GRAMINED (Stapf). 311

Herbs, rarely heal ssiapa or in Bambusee se tall wap has ha oe annual

er near!

naally ie shortened bal and lengthen upper internodes, terminating with

an inflorescence (culm s) or, in the pere one species, gameta of cu ulm ms and Sie

pe sally biennial shoots ‘Gnnovation shoots) which grow i i

sea n shoots either piercing the sabtending psi at the | tines

aod pees aie caine it, oon as runners or stolons (extravaginal), or inside

the sheaths, which may or may not be thrown aside Re Rea: culms jointed,

Internodes usually hollow, used at the nodes, with or without an annular

swelling above the nodes and within the sheaths Couto nodes); all the branches

and their angen gg Sager pemee with a 2- = eled dorsal, usually hyaline,

leaflet at the base. Leaves alternate, usually 2-ranked, rarely pseudo-opposite

Owing to the Bein, of page and v very short aed , very often crowded in

tufts or fan-shaped bunches at the base of the culms, or in some cases also of their

Upper honky ; in the perfect form (foliage leaves or “leaves” simply) consist-

more or less connate (closed sheaths), clasping each sane or the culm, finally often

loosened or sometimes slipping from the culm and mo r less spreading, ha the

ghout, or with an

sa a

(sheath nodes), which becomes at a ha rdened and persistent, or hettee

shri i igules

nd the blad

membrane or of a fringe of hairs, asely altogether absent ; blades us salle

ely ovate, cordate or

a a

act as bud-scales, le imes also in the upper leaves. In florescence terminal,

rarely terminal and la — at bui ng p of the Foes Pars Ses spikelets, panicled,

racemose, capitate, simply o Saou picate, very rarely consisting of a

Single epikelet, cane: always ducal Spikelets all ‘alike or heteromorphous,

differing in sex and (in correlation with the se more or less also in the on

rica bisexual with al ba iid $s or wit a and g,or 2 and g flowe

the same spikelet, nisexual (moncecio r dicecious Mature eikelets

pr entire: fro ne tips "of. ihe panicle or aia with apa art of the pedicel or

the rhachis, grat reaking upa ti ove the glumes into as many teed fruits as there

wh fruiting florets, rarely persistent and shedding the g In the firs

the glumes, in the second the Valves are often decurrent into a callous swelling or

extension (callus) at the insertion on the pedicel or ehacbilta vespectively.

About 325 genera, comprising 3000 to 8500 species in all parts of the

The typical structure of the ae is sometimes more or less obscured by the

reduction or suppression, or by pe r modifications of etc te gen nerally

ati i he assu

e soe: of unctio

other than usual. The morphological character of those sa sete however,

sually be recog their position in elet and from compariso

With allied, less modified ee i duction or suppression is frequent in the

8 sO in the valve th

> .

a flower ; but. they ety often enclose a rudiment of a floral peor in

the shape of a perfect or reduc = pale, thereby indicating their homology with

typical valves. In this case, py. Mes some of the cha smshantlien es the

The

all the genera, and often ag ree ar the greater part of a tribe; but in order to

See it clearly, it is always advisable to flatten the valve and to examine it by

312 GRAMINEE (Stapf).

po light in a drop of water. Where the orig conditions of the florets

of importance, it at ie kept in mind, that many grasses are very distinctly

r ice. th i i

expand. Such flowers anni frequent wee ta kew to be rege whilst they were

actually hermaphrodite. To avoid this error, young spikelets should, if possible,

be examined beside the fully ‘developed os or the filaments which usually

remain “eeoant the ovary s elie be sou

{In the sequence of gene r. Stapf oe found it woah to ae ey —

adopted in Bentham = Tooke’ s Genera Plant ie as well as e Flor

Au straKensis, and in Sir J — Hooker’s enumeration of India n grass rece otitly

ag ed in the Flora of B rvitish India. In the — of ‘colonia floras issued from

it has been thought Me ee for the most part void a ve as possible

breaking new ground and to adhere closely to a aentra joeenndt eds: sequence

comparable n the present case, however, further research has shown some

nea - be indispensable. To these oe Joseph Hooker, who has kindly allowed

me to consult him, now assents. In accordance with general practice, Andropo-

gonee pret at the i of the endae. ‘wht le a different position is assigned to

Zoysize and to Oryzeew.—W. T. T. D.]

SERIES I, Mature pilot falling entire from their pedicels or with them

(rarely subpersistent on t, indistinctly and tardily disarticulating rhachis:

= etna all “ee or sir . in sex and structure ; bay t spikelets with

s e up

hetero

tinued ee nd the upper

Spikelets falling entire, er or in clusters, occur in the following genera

belonging to the second series: Holcus, Chetobromus , Polypogon, Perotis, Tragus,

Prive Spartina, Lamar rekia, Fingerhuthia, Urochlena, Tetrachne,

ANDROPOGONEZ. Spikelets usually in pairs, one consgan the

othr ne ie Trachypogon), rarely 3-nate or solitary on the of

ously arr i ron eo sili, racemes. (/wmes more or less rigid and iret

te the valves, and the lower always longer than the florets. Valve em-

_— often Teatins, tbat of the upper ford generally awned or see to

wh,

* pure ee all alike. Racemes in compound cate (except Pollinia) ; joints

the rhachis slender

i ec 1. SaccHarEs.

I. Imperata.—Racemes in a spiciform silky panicle; rhachis not fragile.

Spite, iit niess. c

II, Saccharum.—Racemes in large much branched silky panicles; rhachis

fragile. Spikelets senile.

IIT. Erianthus Rianne in large much branched silky panicles ; rhachis

fragile. Spiketets awne

IV. Pollinia, barnes 2- -nate, digitate or approximate on a short main axis.

¥*® The ve spikelets of each pair differing in sex and structure (in the Sou th

African species, except in Ischemum fasciculatwm, where the difference 1s

lianited to the lower glume).

Subtribe 2. Iscnemex. Sessile pesca i ra in hollows. Racemes ana

for olitary, thats », digitat e or appro on a short main axis. Low

floret "of the sessile spikelet always g.

V. Ischemum. The sis South African genus.

te $ Ror £. Sessile spikelets sunk in hollows formed by th

3 joi oint of t the rhachis 9 nd the appressed or adnate pedicel of the

pied spikelet of the same pair.

. Rottbellia.—All s a ets awnles

ba Urelytrum, —Pedicelled spikelatr' long awned,

pees

SSS Pt re

GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 318

ubtribe 4. EuanpRopocone£,—Rhachis as in Saccharex and Ischemee.

Racemes variously arranged. Lower eres of all spikelets empty ; upper floret

usually awned.

EX. Bhi s.— Rha he pe a gee fragile. One spikelet of

each pair sessile, the other pei cage

X. Andropogon.—Racemes solitar ry, ‘ait a rg r panicled; rhachis fragile

pegon.— $ e, di

The sessile spikelet Saal the edieelted if present awnless or awned, but

not from the upper valve. No whorl of gd spikelets at the base of the a

or where an ayia se one occurs the racemes are always paired, and each pair

= pede Phe e.

Anthist aitsconcs short, La imnson in esate —- fascicles each

wit th reece of 40 red o e, and supported by

a proper spathe,

Tribe 2. PANICEZ. Spikelets in usually sugges aS racemes or panicles.

Glumes herbaceous or membranous , the lower smaller, very small or r suppressed,

Lower valve generally t An they phor Vy pe Bray in structure and

nervation, the upper firmer, at length rigid, are chartaceous to ple

awnless, very rare] y mucronate.

* Glumes and lower valve e entire, awnless or caudate- or Places aristate,

Fruiting valve subchartaceous to crustaceou

t Mature spikelets falling entire and singly from the tips of their pedicels.

XII. Cee ace —Spikelets awnless. I 0. Lower valve quite

empty ; s 5 or fewer, pin igh curved, usually submarginal.

XO Digiteria,— —Spikelets small, awnless. Lower glume minute,

arely Q.

Lower valve generally with a Heche pale; nerves 5-7, close, pete hy

gee “oa

XIV. P cum.— Spikelets awnless, or the glumes sate hg lower valve caudate-

mu etic or caudate-aristate, Lower glume dis Lower valve with a

2-nerved or a te line rudimentary pale or ary Cae 3 sisal different

XV. Oplismenus thik lets fascicled or solitary on a simple axis, or on th

branches of a panicle. Glumes and lower valve, or at least the lower glume

snbulate- ~aristate.

XVI Axonopus.— Spikelets of shoe Pe oad glume fimbriate. Lower valve

with a deeply cleft short pale and ag fl

XVIL Setaria.— Spikelets of Casta ‘ek eaklniided by bristles.

tt Mature spikelets not falling singly, or not from the tips of their pedicels.

XVIII. isetum i corn a singly or in small clusters by an

iavalnre( (formed by naked o se bristles) and falling with it.

XIX, Stenotaphram.— Spikelets s sbpersatent on the flat indistinctly and tardily

disarticulating rhachis ed a false spik

XX. An €phora.—Spik in pmirentcn spicate clusters with a false involucre,

formed from the Nand er ved hard glume of each spikelet.

96 hae and lower valve 2-lobed or emarginate, 1 vith a fine awn or mucro

from the sinus, rarely all muticous. Fruiting awe rigidly membranous.

I. Tricholena. —Upper glume and lower valve 5-nerved; nerves usually very

wba hidden by copious and long silky hairs, and anastomosing below the

obtuse tips,

1. Melinis.—Upper glume 7-, lower valve 5-nerved; nerves straight, con-

§picuous, not anastomosing below the acute tips.

314 GRAMINE® (Stapf).

coin a II. Mature ~~ breaking up, leaving the persistent or subpersistent

glumes on the edicel, o if falling entire, then not consisting of 2-hetero-

ise aie ae as in Series I.

A. Blades never fouepeceely veined (in the South African species,

xcept sometimes in Arundo), nor articulated on the sheath.

(XXIIL SOV EL)

a. Awns, if present, kneed — twisted ae the knee, or straight in reduced

gms. (XXII el

Flovets 2 or mor re. (XXIIT.—XL.)

ARUNDINELL Florets 2, net a the lower peer

species) awned, at length firm or hard; awn from the sinus between 2 sometimes

minute or sete ges ai rarely from the entire, obtuse tip, usually kneed and

twisted below the k

® Spikelets solitary on dist

XXII. Arundinella. ier small (23 lin. to lee ‘thea F Hi: ). Valve of in

upper floret 2-setose, minutely 2-toothed or entire, awn sometimes editaed 6

absent, Flaps of f the inte auric

XXIV. Trichopteryx.—Spikelets large (2 lin. to 14 in.). Valve of the upper

ryx. oy

floret always "distinctly 2-toothed or 2- lobed, awh site ays kneed. Flaps of the

pale not auricled.,

**® Spikelets in clusters of 3.

XXV. reg achya. —Spikelets as in Trichopteryx.

Tribe AVENEZ. Florets 2 to tg all alike (except the uppermos

which ck are gra ally reduced) or mo r less heteromorphous raceme! in

Holcus, Chetobromus, and sometimes des: i aie very distinctly in Anthowvan-

su hyali ns, 5- or more u

3-nerved (with the ih =~ ‘ete e and not submarginal); awn, if present,

from the back or hee between bristles, kneed and usually

twisted below the Pent (See MK lie.

* Valves awnless or awned ; awn, if present, from the back of the valve.

XVI. Prionanthium.—Florets 2, equal. Glumes cartilaginous on the back;

keel with obtuse, pectinate teeth. Valves awnless. ‘

XXVIII. Achneria.—Florets 2, a. Glumes firmly membranous, shining+

keel smooth or almost so. Valves awnless,

. Aira —Floret Rha chilla obscurely om beyond the upper

floret. Valves awned (occasionally the lower awnles

XXIX. Holeus.—Spikelets deciduous as a whole. Florets 2; the upper usually g,

awned, the lower ¢, awnless.

XXX. Anthoxanthum.—Florets heteromorphous; the lower 2 male

barren, awned, the rH Tminal hecinspvodia,, awnless. 2Rhachilla not eke

beyond er does obl reti.

P.O ria. Flo vets or more, the uppermost dakar reduced.

—

_—

—

SY pes

Rhachilla pea or almost so. Valves 3-5-nerved, awnless or mucronate or

minutely a from, o nya below ieee — Panicle spicifor

XIL. Trisetum.—Flore's 2 or uppermost pratt ually r

e reduce

Rhachilla ciliate. Valves 8-S.nerved, deal from the back, tips often wer’

2 fine bris ase Pi i glabrou

XXXIIIL. Ave — Spike) we rect or suberect. Flores 2 or more, tiie

uppermost gray ak Slane usually 1-3-nerved. Valves herbaceos

oe cag ed, rathe , awned from the back. Ovary top hairy. Per = -

. Avena. — Spelt _ La Bian florets 2 or more, the pie

gradu reducec erved. Valves herbaceous, 5—9-nerved, ra

the pe ary top hale. ebiais) fear annual,

- Becta pias ,rarely mucronate ; m the sinus of the more or

ess distinctly 2. zs bed Seria Rites oe “bristle like.

GRAMINE® (Stapf). 31

rets 2, Continuation “id rhachilla minute or bristle-

rarely 4-fid, both or ail 4 divisions jo aggat bank ;

XXXV. eto haat Bs

of t

outer lobule Laat and more or less adna'

like. Lob valve 2-,

or only he ae with the

XXXVI. Pentameris.—Florets 2, as in aire regan Grain globose-ellipsoid ;

pericarp crustaceous; seed “ ee or si

onia, or many, "tien uppermost gradually reduced.

Lobes of the pig de larger, heath or ies triangular or lanceolate, with or with-

out an awnli Sik

XXXVIIT. serkanen <~iiipiteates s falling entire with a part of the disarticu-

lating pedicel ; lowest valve without, the rest with side bristles.

ARUNDI INE. Florets 2 to many, enveloped by — long hairs,

Tribe 5.

7 a bg either from a long and slender callus or from the bac the valves.

pi and valves membranous, often hyaline, awnless or Aric awned from

e tips.

exe Arundo.—Lowest floret like the rest, hairy from the back of the

valve.

XL. Phragmites.—Florets heteromorphous; the lowest g or barren, the rest

, hairy from the tetas slender callus, otherwise glabrous

ii. Floret 1. (XLIL.—XLIX.)

Tribe 6. AGROSTEX. Floret 1. Rhachilla not eeten beyond the

floret or only as a more or less distinct point or bristle. Valve membranous (in

the South African species) or thinly her tgeeced not or ean 7 pes nged when

t rarely 3-nerved, all the nerves or the outer

: e very t

side nerves often slightly exe arrent, parallel or at least not anastomosing; awn

Present, from the back, rarely from the truncate

= Sabie covered with long soft hairs.

Sey enres Dae

Xt Polypo ates awned, fae “gtx a i notch or sinus.

Panicle spiciform, oblong

times longer than the vy

wee e 7. ae PE. Floret1, Rhachilla not continued beyond the sap

Me ve hardened when mature, tightly e abe ats a - fruit ; nerves joining o

osely quccnching at the tip; awn terminal, rarely

ey ristida.— 4 wins ~ from the ire tip, or one, phy cir below and

<i ranched above, very rarely quite simple Ligule a fringe of hai

“dd . Stipa.—Floret aie or linear-oblong ; awn solitary, eae kneed and

xctisted below the knee. Ligule satan ous,

I. zopsis.—Floret ens Reon: in &tipa, awn fine, straight, very

caducous, or 0, Ligule membrano

Tribe ZOYSIEA. Mat i

: ature esi falling entire we singly, or in

pg ane mn Rhachi pg ies ee beyond the floret. Glunies equ

bg wer much smaller Valve small, diately membrano

Herved. Spikelets in pf eg Splatt panicles or racer

sna Perotis.—Spikelets Tews ingly. Glumes equal, long aw

wa Tragus.—Spikelets falling in clusters of 2-4. Upper (outer) me beset

hooked spines or short ae bristles.

b Awns, if present, never kneed and twis'ed below the knee. (L.—XCVII.)

i. Valves 3-nerved, rarely I-nerved. (See also Elcusine). (L.—LXVI.)

She SPOROBOLE A. Glumes and valves very similar.

avery rarely continued beyond the floret. Valve membranous, acute

316 GRAMINEZ (Stapf).

or obtuse, not changed when ripe, 1- or more or Jess distinctly 3-nerved, awnless,

usually olive-green or olive-grey ; side-nerves, if present, delicate, evanescent

above. Seed often free in the delicate pericarp.

L. Sporobolus,—The only genus.

Tribe 10. ERAGROSTE. sin variously panicled, — aan

or subspicate. Florets usually numerous and far exserted fro glum

U d valves rather similar in peony appearance. Valv eon ta

cbartaceous, very olive-green or olive-grey, entire _ t, $-nerve

nerves evan aboy excur into bristl side-ne submarginal,

rve

labrous or pubescent or finely ciliate below. Pales often ocetatent or su

persisten

ze Pogonerthria. —Spikelets — mort on the flattened ear of a

ecund false spikes, which are spirally arranged on a long a Ti

a als joint fel with dees ae Vale ves acuminate, e1

ae a —Spi ke lets more 7 rings remote on the aa rhachis

a wally +t othed or minutely notched.

LIL. Ere agrostis., — Spikelets See panicled, nee in simple spikes. Rhachilla

often persistent. Valves usually numerous and closely imbricate, bro ad, entire,

theca Pales persistent or deciduous, but odes. not falling estos with

LIV. Desmostachya. —Spikelets crowded on and falling entire from the flattened

axis ms ——" reading secund spikes, which are closely arranged on a long

Tribe ony pee Spikelets usually in 2-ranked, secund spikes or

spike-like racemes, rarely distinctly pedicelled and panicled, Florets 1 to many-

Valves generally membra anous, truncate, emarginate or toothed, 3-nerved ; nerves

distant, subparallel, og a percurrent or excurrent and often ciliate all along,

late ral subm margina ae Spartina with 1-nerved valves, and Hlewsine en oe”

sometimes additional side-nerves close to the middle nerve of the valve) ; ‘a

present, straight, sei from a truncate or toothed t

* Spikelets crowded in 2-ranked, secund spikes.

+ Floret 1, awnless, Rhachilla not papealatinke a — the floret or only as a minute

point or a naked bri

LV. Spartina.—Mature spikelets falling pe toni the rhachis. Valve

1- rights

LVI. Cynodon. dda shorter than the glabrous, subchartaceous valve.

LVII, “Wisrock hloa.— Glumes longer than the ciliate, membranous valve

++ Florets sieitigh one g, the others g or barren.

LVIII. Ctenium.—Upper ean — rall pak a stiff bristle ee the back.

Lowest 2 florets barren or the eu the t

ga oe chloa.—Spike sitters, termin ig "Metis awnless, Lowest

Lx. ‘Chic is.—Spikes 2 to many, digitate or fascicled. Spikelets awned oF

iilaae Lowest floret g.

+ Several to many g — in each spikelet. op free within the delicate,

ing or ae tied per

. Eleusine.—Spikes terminated by a spikelet

Ser Destrinearted, sae t of the rhatles of the spikes naked, projecting.

** Spikelets oe pedicelled (though often very otha or or ”

e flattened rhachis of a 2-ranked, secund spik

LXITI. peng —Spikelets in long very slender approsinat spiel racemes.

Valves pubescent, the upper 2-4 barren eae a tuft 0

LXIV. Leptocarydium.—Spikelets subsessile n dense pach ni panicles. Florets

distinctly Deas long) — from the la es. Valves long an nd finely

awned ;

base

GRAMINEZE (Stapf). 317

LXY. Crossotropis.—Spikelets subsessile in racemously arranged — or spread-

mes or

a sic pikes. Florets is aan or slightly exceeding the sor much

Va ves — shortly awned ; side-nerves not pe feonnel Blades not

t the bas

LXVI. Trir raphis.— — Botkclils usually distinctly pedicelled, often in compoun

and dense ~ nicles. Valves finely awned; side-nerves excurrent into long or

short brist

ii. Valves site needs ee rarely bok : Triphlebia) 3-nerved.

(LXVII.—XOV

Tribe 12. PAPPOPHOREZ. Valves broad, cleft into 3 to many sometimes

subulate lobes pets or without alternating fine straight awns from the sinuses,

usually many-nerved.

seit hice —Fertile floret 1. Valve cleft into 9 subulate, awn-like

LXVIII. Schmidtia.— Fertile florets 3-5. Valves cleft into 4 hyaline lobes,

erst with five straight awns from the sinuses.

ribe — career ‘geen all acne or more or less heteromorphous and

tiisernsl.- le flore ee Baa rarely caudate-aristate, termina 1 with

minute Bot tee ts eleas v it or ie ary. umes very minute or

confluent into an annular rim or gow ressed. Pales 3~Y-nerved, Sta mens

usually 6, rarely more or 3-1.

cis Sebo amon —Fruiting valve —- to subherbaceous, smooth,

wi minute, bait empty valves below

LXX. rsia.—Fruiting valve hr rigidly ciliate (in the African

ear without sounier valene below

Tribe 14. PHALARIDEX. Spi eal - alike. Fertile floret 1, awnless,

terminal with 2 e pa — a ben Glumes distinct, often igo

or exceeding the terminal fi s 2- os to nerveless, Sta mens 6 or

(in the African = or "ee 2.

Ebrharta.— Both mpt ns florets or at least the upper larger than the

Phal

ib, the fertile ‘Beret t by the a

Tribe 15. FESTUCEZ. Glumes more or less resembling the valves in general

LS Pee Shes 2 to many, very rarely 1, igs much exserted from the

glu a ives 5- or more nerved, very rarely 3- or l-nerved, then with the

side. pi rves not submarginal nor with t bem he aa in ‘Semis d spikes ; wns, if

present, acti or subterminal, never k

Subtribe 1. Mxticrz. Glumes more or less equalling the florets, mem-

branous, Uppermost 2-3 valves small, empty, enclosing each other and forming

4 club or plndie-dmned body.

LXXIII. Melica.—The only South African genus.

Subtribe 2. DacrytipEx. Spike in spenicies clusters or more or le

ri ai panicles, or pa spikes, nn ‘arly it se panicles (Briza). Filen

ranous to papery or subchartaceous 8, erved, very rarely 3-nerv

(Triphlebeo, side-nerves conniving or joining Sea the tip; awns, if any, fine,

short, terminal or subterminal,

iis Spikelets of 2 kinds, the fertile surrounded by the sterile, consisting solely of

umerous bracts.

XIV. Lamarckia.—Mature spikelets Seber ay in fascicles, consisting of 1 fertile

and several empty spikelets, Barren bracts obtuse, membranous.

318 GRAMINEX (Stapf).

LXXYV. Cynosurus.—Fertile spikelets hidden by the persistent geen pice

See ng up, when mature. Barren bracts very narrow, rigid,

dad nee all alike, sometimes the lowest in the he cence or on the

branch more cr less reduced and barren

+ Lowest floret like the rest, g.

LXXVI. Fingerhuthia a eres ae cae ne singly from the pedicels of a

compact spiciform panicle. Glwmes )-nerved, narro

LXXVII. Schismus.—Spikelets in contracted amie shining. Florets 6-7,

small, only the upper ones exserted from the glumes. Valves 2-cleft, Sith or

withont a fine mucro from the sinus ; henane hyaline, Seg

LXXVILI. Dactylis.—Spikelets in dense secund clusters, arranged in contracted

or open panicles. Valves 5-nerved, firmly herbaceous ; tips mucronate or

ed.

LXXIX. Triphlebia nap in dense me softly hairy panicles. Glumes

and valves equally hairy all over, acuminate. Valves 3-nerve

LXXIX. Lasiochloa.—Spikelets generally hispid, in spiciform often lobed

panicles. Florets not exserted from the glumes. Valves 5-9-nerved ; hairs

acute.

LXXX. Urocblena.—Panicles spiciform il Berens falling as a whole

together with the sare ce sheath. Glwmes and sages rae aristate.

nicles or in

Florets exse — fron ecg glumes. Valves leas eas ue gene erally

clavately ip

Wottetil in lax panicles or racemes, generally nodding on

ve eagilary ‘pedicels. Glumes and valves more or less boat-shaped or saccate

+t —— a: the : lowest barren, consisting of valves which

resem e glumes more than the fertile valves, a falling entire

and roe pies the flattened thashin of short secund s

age ees gy om res ganas and barren valves 1- ae Fertile valves

tyle

LXER “manspieaate —Glumes 3-5-nerved. Barren valves 6-8-nerved ;

fertile valves with 9-11 very marked nerves. Styles very long.

Subtribe 8. Pon. Spikelets generally loosely panicled. Florets exserted

from the glumes. Valves generally rather broad, ovate or oblong, often obtuse,

membranous to herbaceous, often with broad oe variegated rca margins OF

tips, awnless; side-nerves 2, sometimes 3 or 1 on each s ide, often faint. ;

LEXXVI. Pea.--Glumes and valves kades Florets often ie ith a tuft of long

curled wool at the base.

gE, eer ogre rag oe —Glu rae and valves rounded on the back. 7 rather

broad, obtuse, hyaline and variegated towards the tips, equally 5-n

LXXXVIII . Sclerop oa. —Glu ay and wie oe roe : bn age or slightly

keeled. Valves ier Saiea acute or subacute, firm except at the very tip,

5-nerved ; outer side-nerves much aes a ert eg the faint j inner.

e4, Burestucez. Spikelets nigel Lo anicled or. racemose

soa ve mes. Te alves erbnceos to

chartaceous, usually acute‘or acuminate, ease m on ucronate or awn

from the entire or 2-toothed tips, rarely from nahn tae tips. (See also

Scleropoa.)

* Spikelets panicled.

LXXXIX. Festuca—Perennial. Panicle various, Glumes subequal (in in the

outh African species}, rarel conspicnously un sre Valves as

rounded on the back or keeled towards the tip, 5- rarely eared j mu

awn, if present, terminal, ee Styles <aeudedi or rarely subterm! inal on

the glabrous or hairy ovary

GRAMINE® (Stapf). 319

XC. Vulpia—Annual. Panicle contracted, spiciform or racemiform, usually

secund. Glumes generally very unequal ; the lower small or sometimes obsolete.

Valves subulate-lance = passing into a straight, often long, awn, rounded on

ack, 5-nerved. Ovary glabrous ; ‘iten terminal,

XCI. Bromus.—Annual o ok rennial. Panicle various. Glumes more or less

unequal. Valves A egal to bee oadly oblong, rounded on ial — or keeled

5-9-nerved ; aw1 or somewhat distant from the, oft oothed , tip,

rarely 0. St lee Rance lateral on a hairy 2-3-lobed sare Se of. the

** Spikelets subsessile in a simple raceme (false spike).

XCI. Brachypodium.—Valves 7-9-nerved; awn terminal, rarely 0,

be 16. HORDE AJ. Spikelets sessile, singly or in clusters on the notches

ot a "snp spike, sometimes partially sunk i in hollows of the same. florets 1 or

ribe 1. Lorem. Spikelets ene Bs a 1 nodes of the spike, with their

pane ral to the rhachis. Lower glu present, contiguous with the

xorn, Lolium.—Florefs 3 to many. Lower glume et Lh a ee sg

the terminal spikelet, upper rigidly herbaceous pet 2 erv

setae than the florets. Valves herbaceous to chartac s, 5-7-ne rve

XCIY. ee j-2. Lowe er igi minute or rH upper excee ding the

florets, rigid, many-nerved. Vali membranous, 38-l-nerved, side-nerves

submarginal,

XCV. Oropetium.—Florets a Lower ‘heim bent or 0, upper exceeding the

florets, nerves 3, confluen a broad rigid midrib, sides membranous. Valves

membra anous, 3-nerved, es -nerves eierewel callus hairy.

Subtribe 2. Triricen. elntonag solitary at the nodes of the spike, with

their plane sedioutiar . the rhac

XCVI. Agropyram.—The only South African genus.

Freie 3. Etymea. Spikelets 2 or more, collateral or fascicled at the nodes

of the spike,

XCVII. Hordeum.—The only South African genus.

B. Blades transversely veined (in the South African species).

(XCVIIT.—C.)

Tribe 17. PHAREA. Spikelets ngage dire unisexual, moneecious, the

dsmall. Floret 1. One or both glumes of t often minute or obsolete.

Fruiting valve coriaceous t euch Som Lodicules 3. Stamens 3-6. Blades

_ flat, broad, m many-nerved, often ioled.

XOVIII. Olyra.—The only South African genus.

Tribe 18. BAMBUSEA. Spikelets all of one kind. Florets few to many,

rarely 1. Glwmes distinct or indistinetly aierentited, i.e, passing below into

more or less numerous bracts and scaaetlane having like them flowering branchlets ~

vg spikelets 1 in their uxil, and at the same time resembling the valves. Valves sub-

herbaceous to oe 5- to many-nerved, generally awnless. Lodieles

usually 8. Stamens 3,6 or more, Styles2 or 8. Shrubs or trees. Blades flat,

many-nerved, artienlates oi on ‘the sheath,

Subtribe 1, ARUNDINARIES. San aid 3. Fruit a true caryopsis.

XCIX, Arundinaria —The only South African genus.

Subtribe 2. Evpampusex. Stamens 6. t a true caryopsis.

C. Bambusa.—Florets many. Pales Sie Faia is free.

320 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [Imperata.

J, IMPERATA, Cyr.

Spikelets all alike, generally 2-nate (one subsessile, the other

distinctly pedicelled) on the continuous branches (racemes) of a

spiciform or narrowly thyrsiform panicle, disarticulating from the

pedicels. Florets 2; the lower reduced to an empty valve (very

34).

and the lower portion of both glumes. Lower valve generally much

smaller than the glumes, hyaline; upper valve still smaller, ea

awnless, rarely 0. te broad, hyaline, nerveless. Lodteules 0.

Stamens 1-2. Styles connate below; stigmas linear, exserted from

the top of the spikelet. Grain oblong ; embryo half the length of

the grain or more.

Perennial ; basal leaves crowded and like those of the innovation shoots long ;

geal silvery-silky.

Gpeiias 5, mostly closely allied, in the warm regions of both hemi-

1. I. arundinacea (Cyr. Pl. Rar. Neap. fasc. ii, 26, t. 11, and in

Usteri, —_ Bot, xiii. 61); ¢ ate 11-4 ft. long, erect, 3- 4. noded,

pedicels fine with clavate tips, 3-14 lin. long., with long fine hairs

below ; spikelets 24 lin. long, pale or eae sabe

lower valve oblong, obtuse, aan. ciliate, nerveless, upper

rine den in ieee. K. Vet Akad, Stockh. a0 159. “Hack

I. ;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 693. Lagurus cylindricus,

Linn. Syst. ed. x. ii. 878. Saccharum cylindricum, Lamk. Encyel.

1.594; Lllustr. i. 155, t. 40, fig. 2. Calamagrostis Lagurus, Koeler,

Deser. shi « bie

unbergii (Hack. l.c, 94); mele ep — glabrous at the nodes ; sine

very aig rancatio blades usually fl 4 lin. broad, otherwise as in the

f, Thunbergii, Beauv. Le. 165. Roem. ye Schule Syst. ii, 289; hae “Fr.

Afr.-Austr. 89; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 405. I. —— var. eee

Anders. Le. I, —— -_ Thun prince Durand § Schinz, l.c.3 Hae

Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 10. Saccharum Ym That, Prod. Cap.

50, non Linn. Sisdoiet in Herb.). 8. Thunt Lergti, Retz. Obs. v. 17.

— GRAMINEE (Stapf). 321

ca hana at the nodes ; ligules ss short, cenit blade less rigid tha

e type, or almost flaccid, subglaucous ; panicl se ti Se

ripe; spikelets 14-2 lin. long, hairs in. long @ 94 enigii,

as sea n. &f Schult. le. 289; Trin. le. 331; s l.c 89; Steud.

em. &f lt. lee. : Ni ; t

dinacea, var. indica, Anders. l.c. 160. I. cylindrica, a. Koni igi,

sae y ‘Schine , l.e.694. Saccharwm Kenigii, Retz, Obs. vy. 16.

Coast Reeion: Var. 8: Clanwilliam rib Olifants River, oer and Zeyher !

Cape Div.; Constantia, Bergius ! Cape Peninsula, Muizenberg Vlei, Dodd, 2360!

Humansdorp Div. ; hills near the Kromme River, in bush, Drége! Albany Div.,

Zeyher, 873! British Kaffraria, Cooper, 295!

Katanart Rearon: Var. B: Griqualand West; Upper Campbell, Burchell,

1833 ! Beel huanaland ; Hama apery near Kur ages Nati eli, 2509! ‘Transvaal ;

Pretoria, Rehmani 1, 4777 | Matebe Valley, Hol

TERN inti Ae : Var. 6: Tembuland ; Sam Baur, 321.! Natal; by

iil Narr near Pietermaritzbu ares Krauss, 260! Umpumulo to the coast, gpa

“ .Johns Ri !

tt bet

ro)

Grgh

aoe

“=

io)

[~J

ol: Qi

tente, Buctiortge | near Lad oer Gerrard, 158! ae without

Var. 8 occurs also th oath syiek ak Africa. rus y in the coast region of East

Africa, in the Comoros gt throughout Rag pet and Ea stern Asia to Polynesia

and Australia. The type is limited to the Mediterranean Region as far as Turke-

stan and North-west India. hese eh and the type, although on the

whole pretty distinet within their areas, often pass into each other, chiefly along

the confines o eir areas, or they seem to lose their distinctive characters under

particular local conditions, when their separation becomes almost impossible.

II. —— Linn.

lower reduce an empty v upper ¢ or "enable 2H the

eccume ae eer hick are fa slckity smaller, Glumes equal,

membranous to coriaceous; lower with inflexed margins and, in

ssi spikelet, with an even number of nerves; upper

1-3-5-nerved. Valves hyaline, muticous or mucronate, upper

smalier or 0. Pales small, hyaline, nerveless, or 0. Lodicules 2,

cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted. Grain oblong to

ore in embryo half the length of the grain or more; hilum

Perennial, often very tall; leaves various ; panicle large, often silky and showy,

i and den nsely branched, “ee = tracted to 'spiciform ; ee Se

y long silky hairs from the

Distris. Species about i ‘rope or subtropical,

athe nly South African belongs to the Subgenus Eriochrysis (Hack.),

aracterized by the s spikelets Sling slightly heteromorphous, and the pedicelled

Smaller with a? upper fi

oanum (Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 124) ;

1. S.m (

culms Bf. lo long, 3-noded; lower leaves erowded ; ‘sheaths rather lax,

ers erat at the ‘nodes, otherwise glabrous, the lowest shining as if

322 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). a

lets crowded, lanceolate, the sessile 2-22 lin, long, enveloped by rigid

hairs ; lower glume chartaceous, entire, subobtuse, 2-keeled and 4-

nerved between the keels, which are long ciliate above the middle;

2 4 . >)

upper valve very small, ovate, nerveless, tips ciliate ; pale 0; anthe

1 lin. long ; grain obovoid-globose, + 2 lin. long ; pedicelled spikelets

similar, but smaller (13-14 lin. long), enveloping hairs more copious ;

anthers rudimentary, very minute. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fi.

gs v. te: Eriochrysis pallida, Munro in Harvey, Gen. S. Afr.

i. 440.

KataHart Reeion: Transvaal; Magalies Berg, near springs, Zeyher, 1793!

ae 75!

ERN REGION: Natal; Drakensberg Range, at Coldstream, Rehman,

6876! Vinpesato, in marshes, 2000 ft., Buchanan, 212!

III. ERIANTHUS, Miehx.

Spikelets all alike, 2-nate (one sessile, the other pedicelled, very

rarely both unequally pedicelled) on the articulate and usual

ae ; :

joint of the rhachis and pedicel. Florets 2; lower reduced to an

empty valve; upper always ¢. lumes equal, membranous to corla-

ceous ; lower dorsally flattened, more or less distinctly 2-keeled,

| |

;

Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 2-3. Stigmas usually laterally

sreeanes ieee oblong to linear-oblong; embryo half the length

of the gr

Perennial, erect; blades long, narrow, midrib very stout, ligules membranous 5

Lance much br: anched, often eee silky and showy; spikelets usually villous,

with an involuere of hairs fro

"thine gar about 20, uae ce few temperate.

Blades not tere

Blades fat, “13 ft. by 4-6 lin., densely bearded at the

ide, nd above the short t ligule; rhachis and

branches of panicle glabrous . (1) capensis.

Blades convolute or canaliculate, almost reduced ‘to the

midri pain! 1-2 ft. or more by , glabrous

bs ate : are pen jas ches base inside ura longate

io rhachis and branches of ees ahesudat

NN RCT eis ee, (2) Sorghum.

Blades patel alld a ee a ee

; Brianthus.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 323

_ 1. E. capensis (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 93, excl. var. ) ;

to 3 ft. and more long, stout, sheathed nearly all along, etl

sheaths glabrous or seantily and appressedly hirsute near the margins ;

ligules about 1 lin. long, rounded; blades broadly linear from a

_ narrow base, tapering to a long acute point, 1-3 ft. by 4-6 lin., flat,

_ glabrous; panicle 1-1 ft. long, linear-oblong, usually sheathed at

the base, much branched ; branches and branchlets subereet, filiform,

like the rhachis quite glabrous, the lowest 3-4, rarely to 6 in. long;

racemes obscurely articulate, tough, joints equalling or exceeding the

spikelets, bearded at the base ; pedicels unequal, one very short, the

other almost as long as the spikelets, both filiform ; spikelets oblong to

1 en 2-22 lin, long, pale or reddish-brown, loosely, hairy

» to din. long; glumes chartaceous, the lower minutely 2- toothed, usually

: with 9 intracarinal nerves, the upper broadly lanceolate, boat-shaped,

m [subarute, 3-nerved, ecled ; lower valve neat: about as long as

a sp. Fl. Afr. v.

_E. Ecklonii, Nae, rele Krauss in Flora, 1846, 117. Saccharum

capense and 8. Ecklonit, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1. 408. Miscanthus

capensis, Anders. in Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. Stockh. 1855, 165.

Var. 6 villosa (Stapf); tops of culms, sheaths and blades, and lower part of

end rhachis wanes to tomentose or the leaves glabrescent ; spikelets loosely hairy

SouTH AFRIcA : without — nity 4234

_ Coast Reeion: Humansdorp Div. ; between Go mtoos River and Melk River,

Burchell, 4800! and cobb side of the mean River, Burchell, 4868 ! Uitenhage

Div.; banks of ser tkops Ri iver, an and Zeyher, 621! Albany Div. ;

acOwan, 1273! im Bothas Hill, MacOwan,

487! Komgha Bis, + badlicn of Kei Riv rer, Drége ! :

KaLauari REGION: Griqualand West; Hay Div., at Griquatown, Burchell,

1901! Herbert wd ,Aa Lower hdaed gina siete 1810!

| Hast R : Natal; among reeds by the Umlazi wht Krauss, 159!

feeder of bas ated 1000 ft., Buchanan, onl! Var. B: ; Durban Flat,

Buchana umulo, ‘common near water, 2000-2500 f

——

| 270! Riet Vlei, 5000 ft., Buchanan, 272! Umsinga and Biggars

Berg, Buchanan, 103! Ladysmith, Gerrard! and without gone: locality,

Gerrard, 689

- E. Sorghum (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 92); culms to 4 ft. and

more long, rather stout, sheathed nearly all along, pubescent or

“glabrescent below the nodes ; sheaths appressedly hirsute near the

margins, bearded at the nodes or ultimately often glabrous ; ligules

oblong, subacute, up to 3 lin. long; blades narrowly linear, the lower

from a long, still narrower base, which is sometimes almost reduced

to the very stout midrib, convolute, or canaliculate, rarely the upper

flat, all tapering to a long setaceous point; 1-3 ft. or more by 2 a.

scantily hairy at the base inside, otherwise glabrous ; panicle

—11 ft., somewhat lax and nodding or contracted and stiff; branches

Y 2

324 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Frianthus.

and branchlets flexuous or strict and erect, filiform, the low

3-4 in. long, primary branches like the rhachis, pubescent at “i

spikelets lanceolate to oblong, 2—3 lin. ee usually densely hairy ;

otherwise — like those of E. capensis, Nees. Hack. Androp.

a nogr. Phan. vi. 148 ; toa & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

95. @. capensis, var. anguatfolins, Nees, lie. 94. Saccharum

Sorghum, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

SoutH AFRICA: without locality, Drége, 3876

Coast Rrea@ton: Tulbagh Div.; near New Kloof on the Klein ia River,

CENTRAL REGION: Graaff Reinet Sneeuw Berg R 00-500

Drége! Bolus, 285! and on the bole of Sunday River, whoa Graaff Reinet,

2500 ft , Bolus 285 !

Katanart ReGion: Orange Free State; sanddrift Spruit, Burke, 229!

Eastern Recion; Tembuland; Bazeia Mountain, Baur, 100!

3. E. junceus (Stapf); culms rather stout, over 3 ft. long,

sheathed all along or nearly so, glabrous; sheaths glabrous, firm, with

a broad scarious margin near the mouth, continuing along ‘the base of

the blade ; ligule short, -sicome blades arash ‘solid, tapering to a

chartaceous; awn 2-2} lin. long, fine; otherwise very like those

of the 2 preceding species.

KatanaArt Re@ton: Basutoland ; Leribe, Buchanan, — Transvaal ; Oli-

fants River, Nelson, 73%! Jungle streamlet, Nelson, 77*

IV. POLLINIA, Trin.

Spikelets all alike or nearly so, 2-nate (one oye the other

pedicelled, very rarely both shesalts pedicelled), on the articulate

— sia igceirs thachis of 2-nate, digitate or fascicled, spikelike

duced to an empty valve; upper always lumes equal, mem-

branous to coriaceous; lower dorsally flattened or concave, more

or less 2-keeled with inflexed margins; upper 1-3-nerved,

keeled. Valves hyaline; lower muticous, sometimes suppressed ;

es very short, 2-lobed or entire, generally awned. Pale small

. Lodi ‘cules 2, small, cuneate. Stamens 3, rarely fewer.

Pollinia.1 GRAMINE® (Stapf). 325

Stigmas linear, laterally exserted. Grain oblong; embryo almost

half the length of the grain, or longer; hilum basal, punctiform,

Perennial or annual, of very different habit.

Distris. Species about 32, in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old

World.

Ihave followed here, as in Pn eg > Hackel’s beige mono-

ai ang in the definition of the genera, but in this and in other , they se

e too heterogeneous, esnien ing as ries do ea iy distinguishable. and nat

Hoa which are held together only by few ill-definable and often ari

cters,

Subgenus I. EunanrA. Perennial; culms erect; blades not

contracted at the base; glume dorsally flattened or slightly

Ve na (1) villosa.

oo Il. Ler PTATHERUM. Ann ual ; culins decumbent,

rooting ; blades lanceolate, conspicuously contracted at the

base; lower glume grooved .. (2) nuda,

P. villosa (Spreng. Syst. i. 288, not Benth.); perennial ; culms

Pie ft. long, rather stout, we noded, appressedly hirsute or

pubescent, at least below the nodes and at the top; sheaths usually

exceeding the internodes except the uppermost, terete, tight,

scantily hairy to villous or glabrescent, bearded at the nodes ;

ligules membranous, zo lin. long, glabrous; blades lanceolate-

linear, gradually passing into the ‘sheath, shortly acute, 4-7 in.

3% 1;

3-23 g; spikelets crowded, ferruginous, lanceolate,

23-37 ng; glumes coriaceous, the lower minutely truncate,

ciliate ; upper glume lanceolate, boat-shaped, shining, 3-nerved, keel

viliate above ; lower valve empty, almost as long as ‘the subtending

glume, membranous below, hyaline above, 2-nerved, margins inflexed,

Hack. peal in DC. Monogr. Phan vi. 57 ; Dura i & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 696. eo villosum, Thunb. Prodr. 20;

Fl. Cap, ed. Schult. 108; Kunth, Enum. i. aye Eulalia ellost:

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 91; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 412.

T Region: Clanwilliam Div.; on the Olifants River and near Brack

Fontein, Ecklon. ‘‘ Swellendam and Sim on District,” Mund. hage Div. ;

rocky slopes of Van Stadens Berg Ra , Drége! between the

Kromme River and the Mo pir ins, Ecklon. Albany Div.; stony

. Krakakamma

hills near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 698! Stockenstrom Div. ; ; near P hilippstown,

Ecklon. Komgha Div. ; banks of the a ceo er, Drége!

Katanart ReGion: Transvaal; Wes Lyden Berg ba des Nelson

Eastern Reeion: Tembuland; ‘sarcia: ig ig 325! Griqualand ar Sh

hills near Kokstad, Tyson, 1474! Natal ; Inanda, Wood, 1591! Umpumulo,

Buchanan, 210! and without precise sheer Buchana

Also in Mad agascar, according to Hackel.

326 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Pollinia.

Very closely allied to P. quadrinervis, Hack of India, sopra cd to var.

Wightvi, Hook. f., and perhaps not specifically distinct from the lat

2. P. nuda (Trin. Androp. in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. sér. vi. ii. 307);

annual; culms very slender, decumbent, rooting, branched below,

2-5 ft. ‘long, many-noded, grooved ; sheat hs as Jong as, or the upper

shorter than, the internodes, terete, tight, finely hairy or glabrescent ;

ligules membranous, glabrous ; blades i ra ae ee a

glumes membranous, the lower bicuspidate, dorsally coneave,

2-keeled, keels scaberulous; upper glume acuminate, 1-nerved,

obscurely keeled, ciliolate; lower valve empty, linear-lanceolate,

13 lin. long, hyaline, glabrous, rerveless; upper valve linear, very

narrow, 1 lin. long, hyaline, 1-nerve awn terminal, finely eapillary,

flexuous, 6-9 lin. long ; pale 0 ; anthers 4 lin. long ; grain 1 lin. long.

Hack, Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 1 1S; ‘Durand & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v.696 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 117. gr ele

royleanum, Nees in Proc. Linn. Soc.i. 93. L. japonicum, Franch

avat. Enum. Pl. Jap. ii. 190 and 609. Psilopogon capensis,

Hoechst. in ee a 117. Kulalia capensis, Hochst. lc. ; Steud.

Sy Jn Pl. Glum

tT Ree _ nysna Div.; in woods on the banks of peau Krauss,

921 pet eros Plettenberg Bay and Melville, Burchell, 5365

Eastern Reeion: Natal; Riet Vlei, in bush, 6000 ft., pideam. 292!

Also aes North India to China and Japan.

There difference between the South African and the Indian specimens,

the latter exhibiting often the same characters which are supposed to distinguish

the South African var. ‘aanonate, Hack.

V. XISCHAMUM, Linn.

Spikelets of each pair alike, or differing only in sex, or distinctly

oe 2-nate (one sessile or subsessile, the other

pedicelled), on the articulate Faas shauhia of solitary, 2-nate,

digitate or fascia spike-like racemes, the pedicelled falling

from their pedicels, the sessile deciduous together with the con-

tiguous joint o e chis and _ pedicel. is 2; lower

generally ¢; up , or som s dg in the pedieelled spike-

, Tare

ales more or less equalling their Sires sla, Lodicules 2;

Ischemum. | GRAMINES (Stapf). 327

Stamens 3; sometimes smaller or barren in the ¢ flower.

Stigmas Bie iateivally exserted. Grain various.

Gen cing S Li nih blades convolute when young, at length flat, ligules

anous ; s

generally m racemes compr join ave

the inner es an oft n stout; spikelets sessile, — ully compre ery often rather

broad, the pedicelled sometimes apparently laterally ees ig a median

keel owing to the more or less complete suppression of one side.

ee Species about 45, mainly in the tropics of i Old World.

oth African species belong to the subgenus Hu-Ischemum (Hack

P tas de thus :—racemes 2-nate, digitat e or ‘fascicled ; pedicelled spikelets

- erally with 2 — ts, very rarely rudimentary; grain dorsally slightly

mpressed, not grooved.

Blades hy AES 3-6- lin. broad ; racemes Hc

lower glume flat, 5-ribbed, keels winged near

2-toothed reddish tip ” a) fasciculatum.

Blades narrowly linear. 2 lin. broad; raceme s slender,

glaucous ; lower glume dorsally depressed, sie ribbed,

acute, keels not winged.. .. (2) glaucostachyum.

1. I. fasciculatum (Brongn. Voy. sg? Bot. 73.) var. areuatum

(Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 235); perennial ; culms

ascending or atte from a slender creeping rhizome, more or less

branched and fascicled near the base or simple, 1-3 ft. long, rather

slender, glabrous, 5—~many-noded ; sheaths exceeding or more or less

equalling the cca ogeheg subterete, glabrous, rarely hairy ; ligules very

short, oo ciliate ; blades linear-lanceolate, setaceously acumi-

“' :

stout xuo

triquetrous, 11-12 lin. long, slightly curved, keel (outer angle) ciliate

with yellowish hairs : subsessile spikelets 2i~3 lin. long, reddish

above, pedicel } lin. long or shorter, bearded at the base; lower

below, flat and more or less distinctly 5-ribbed on the back,

scaberulous, erm. hairy, keels winged near the tips, scabrid,

intracarinal nerves 5-9; upper art slightly longer than the

lower, lan diadieigts: acuminate, mucronate, 3~5-nerved, heeled above ;

lower valve lanceolate, almost as a as the subtending glume,

rigidly membranous, glabrous, 3-nerved, with an almost equal pale

and a flower; upper valve oblong, deeply "e. fid, 2 lin. long,

delicately membr ous, 3-nerved, lobes very broad, hyaline, ciliate,

awn 4-5 lin. long, twisted below; pale as long as or. slightly longer

than the valve, acute ; anthers 1 lin. long ; pedicelled spikelets 2} lin.

long, reddish ; pedicel 2 lin. long, more or less hairy on the back ;

lower glume lanceolate, boat-shaped, keeled, 7-9-nerved, loosely

hairy, the oo as in the subsessile spikelets. Durand & Schinz, Consp.

- Afr. v. 697. Spodiopogon areuatus, sa Fl. Afr. Austr. 97.

Syn. Pl. G

Andropogon arcuatus, Steud, lum. 1. 374.

Coast Recion: Komgha Div. ; by the Kei ger ore

Eastern Region: Natal; coast region, Sutherland! Durban Flat,

Buchanan, 32! 109! in wood kaa marshy tg wotig the coast between the

328 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Ischamum.

Lon ngnke River and the Umzimkulu River, Drége ? Umpumulo, near i pata

Buchanan, 209! and without precise locality, Gerrard, 679! Harvey, 49!

a eg ek which is a weaker and much more hairy plant sti lee and

e exserted awns, sean in the ene Islands.

ae singe (Stapf); perennial; culms erect, slender, up

to 3 ft. long, glabrous, terete, simple ; sheaths terete, very tight,

glabrous, anaeh. ike a upper shorter than the internodes ; ligules

membranous 21-3 lin. long, ee acute, ciliate ; blades linear,

tapering to a setaceous point, up to 6 in. by 2 ln., flat, erect, rigid,

glaucous, glabrous, smooth, margins scabrid ; racemes (false spikes)

3-4, fascicled, glauco us, 8-6 in. long, distant from the uppermost

sheath, on slender glabrous pedune eles 3-7 lin. long; joints apd

pedicels cuneate (the latter more slender) 13—-2 lin. long, hollow,

convex on the back, glabrous, margins ciliate ; sessile spikelets

lanceolate 22 lin. long, bearded at the obtuse base ; lower glume her-

ba aceous-chartaceous, acute to subacute, dorsally depressed, hae oe

hairy along the middle, keels seabrid, intracarinal nerves 2-4;

upper glume subchartaceous, ovate-lanceolate, boat- cheek acute,

with an equal ciliate 2-nerved pale, wer, the upper

oblong, deeply bifid, ee lobes lanceolate, ciliolate, awn very

slender, 3 lin. lo kneed at the middle, column sm h; pal

HARI Region: Transvaal; Pinaars River, Nelson, 17*

Ver ay near to I. brachyatherum, Feriz lex Hack., fro mage ants and the Sudan,

but differing in the slender, a hairy racemes, the grr less inflated rhachis

joints and the smaller spikele let

VI. ROTTBELLIA, Linn. f

ets 2; lower b

upper g, or S in the pediclled spikelets, or the latter quite barren

or rudimentary. mes equal or subequal; lower more or less

coriaceous, at ‘least coe the 2 keels, dorsally flattened or subcon-

vex, muticous, obtuse, rarely acuminate; upper chartaceous to

oO :

wer

muticous. Pales almost oe their valves, hyaline or obsolete.

Lodicules 2, cuneate. Sta 3. Stigmas generally laterally

exserted. Grain broadly oleae ; embryo } the oe of, or almost

as long as, the grain

Rotthelia.) GRAMINE® (Stapf), 329

Perennial or annual, of various habit.

Distr1B. Species about 35, in both hemispheres.

The only frican species belongs to se ee range tie’ Lagoa

characterized by agen spikes, terminal on the culms their bra , com-

ressed, tardily or not at all disarticulating ; joint tips ie racae, wot hollowed

spikelets all alike i in form or nearly so; lower floret reduced to an empty valv

1. R. compressa a f. Suppl. 114) var. Lies gene geen

Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 286), perennial ; culms erect

from a decumbent Sue base, branched, m 5 5 it. long, BH

glabrous; sheaths dhorter than the iuleneden. compressed, keeled,

often ciliate at the mouth, otherwise glabrous; ligules membranous,

very short, ciliate; blades linear, gradually tapering, acute, ve

variable in length and width, uppermost almost suppressed, some-

what rigid, glabrous ; racemes often fascieled, rather stout, straight or

curved, with the appearance of true spikes owing to the pedicels of

the upper spikelets being adnate to the contiguous joint, more or less

fragile ; spikelets linear- oblong to oblong, 3-34 lin. long, glabrous ;

glumes equal, lower coriaceous, domidrietod below the obtuse tips or

3 Jr.

ook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 158. R. fasciculata, Lam.

iH oie, i. 204; Desf. Fl. Atl. i. 110, é. 36. “ares ponliges

Link, Hort. Faved. i, L. capensis, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 128.

Lepturus fasciculatus, Trin. Fund. Agrost. 123. " Hemarthria Fasci-

culata, Kunth, Rev, dag i. ai Enum. i. 465, Suppl. 375 ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 859; Hack. in Mart. Fl. Bras. I, iii. 314, #.72,

ae H. capensis, Tin yeni in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. vi. ii.

Co Oast Recion : Clanwilliam Div.; Ebenezar, on sandy hills, Drége. Cape

Div.; between Constantia and Wynberg, Burchell, 815! by the Salt River and

C: l, 686!

= the Ponds near Cape Town, Borcher ! Cape Peninsula, near Claremont

Muizenberg Vlei , 2350! 2380! Paarl Div.; Klein Drakenstein

Mountains, by ane ire arity ! a Div ; near Tulbagh Waterfall,

Ve r Div e Hex River, Mund and Maire ! Stell

iv. 5 Hottentotts ‘Holland, pas Caledon a ; between Genadendal, and

Zonder Hinde Riv 3ge. Swellendam Div.; by the Zonder Hinde pect

» Drége

Bur seh 7510! Uitenhase Div.; by the Zwartkops ER Tee ee

Glenfilling, Dré

RAL hs EGION: Graaff Reinet Div. ; banks of Sunday River, near Graaff

Pi elg 2500 ft., Bolus, 536!

Ea N Receion: Tembuland; banks of Qumancu River Baur

Gn at Natal by the Umlazi mete, Krauss, 14! between ei Johns = River ‘and the

Waterfall, e! by st treamlets tear Umpumulo, Bucha 198!

and without precise locality, Buchanan, 74! Gerrard, 877 !

Throughout the warm countries of both hemispheres, in many localities evidently

introduced. ‘The t type through India to South-west China,

330 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Urelytrum.

VII. URELYTRUM, Hack.

Spikelets rn a 2-nate (one sessile, the other pedicelled

with the pedicels appressed to the rachis) on the very fragile rhachis

of solitary, sentient subcylindric, spike- like racemes, ‘the sessile

deciduous with the contiguous joint of the rhachis and pedicel ;

joints obliquely truncate “with appendaged tips. Sesszle spzkelets -

Florets 2, lower g, upper $. Glumes equal or subequal ; lower

coriaceous, dorsally flattened, 2-keeled, muticous ; upper subcharta-

ceous or membranous, boat- -shaped, keeled. Valves hyaline, subequal,

slightly shorter than the glumes, muticous, lower 2-, upper -sub-

5-nerved. Pales almost equalling their valv ves, hyaline, 2-nerved.

Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas linear, laterally exserted.

Pedicelled spite with 2 ¢ florets and with the lower glume

narrowed into a long subulate awn, otherwise as in the sessile

spikelets, or more or less reduced, sometimes to a pair of rudi-

mentary glumes, the lower of i. is represented by a long awn,

flattened and eidésed at the bas

Perennial ; culms oe pants noded, simple ; blades narrow, linear, flat or con-

volute ; racemes long, st

Distris. Species 1 or 2 in South Africa,

osum (Hack. An ein in DC. Mon aiid Phan.

siesibe getiereriet the int ne. except the eigen tight,

terete, glabrous, smooth, the lower widened, very firm, shining,

persistent; ligules oblong, 2-3 lin. long, glabrous or with a

few long hairs behind ; ’ blades very narrow, linear, tapering

ft. y in., flat co

volute, rather —. glabrous, prom inently nerved and finely

scaberulous above ; raceme — spike) 56 in. long, 13-2 lin. thick,

4 lin. long, silky at the base,

scantily pubescent to villous above nine endage up to 2 lin. long, aad

sometimes to an awn representing the lower tsi “aiid a minute

rudiment of the upper; awn squarrose, flattened below, sca seabrid,

13-3} in. long. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Afr. vi. 7Ol.

Urelytrum.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 331

gsi rey hordeoides (name only), Munro in Harvey, Gen. S. Afr.

Pl. ed. ii. 442

Var. (ae sete (Stapf); stouter ; oe over 1 ft. by 2-22 lin., seabrid above ;

raceme very stout, 23-3 lin, in diat pikelets on the whole broa der, never

quite glabrous and smooth, otherwise vary oe as in the type; pedicelled spikelets

always with 2 ¢ florets. Vossia sp. Munro in Harvey, l.c

Katanart Region: Orange Free State; between Harsiamith and Leribe,

ee 213! Transvaal Pretoria, Rehmann, 4729! East of the Maquasi

ountains, Nelson, 38*! and Mooi River, Burke ex Munyo. ge : alae

land; Pellat Plaine, between Matlareen River and Takuan, Burchell, 2200

VIII. TRACHYPOGON, Nees.

Spikelets iad ole 2-nate (one very shortly, the other long

oan on the tough, slender, rhachis of solitary or digitate .

mes. Lower (subsessile) sprkelet saiaaami dorsally compressed,

a Florets 2; lower reduced to a gue valve; upper d. Glumes

Lodicules 2, cuneate, small. Stamens 3. = ala ry ary rudimentary ;

styles filiform; stigmas 0. Upper (long pedicelled) spikelets

deciduous, subcylindric, long-awned: Florets 2; lower reduced to

an empty valve; upper ¢. Glumes subequal, chartaecous ; lower

obscurely 2-keeled below the tip, margins involute, base decurrent

on the pedicel, forming a densely bearded pointed callus. Valves

linear; upper hyaline below, coriaceous above, passing into a stout,

kneed awn. Stigmas laterally exserted. The rest as in the lower

spikelets.

Perennial, ee. ; blades long, narrow, more or less rigid; ligules mem-

branous ; racemes slender

A TSTRIB. Species 1, very polymorphous, throughout as aoe and subtropical

merica, in South Africa as far as the Congo, and in Madaga:

1. T. polymorphus Shai in Mart. Fl. Bras. - iii, 263) var.

capensis (Hack. Androp. in DC, Monogr. Phan. eet culms

SX6e uae the internodes, boaried d at is nodes, other ise glabrous

or Scantily and sy to J hairy ; ligules firm, up to 2 lin. long ;

intracaninal’ nerves about cae m anes sory caseoily inflexe ; upper

glume er Sai subacute, subglabrous, 3-nerved, margins ape

1 ;

long,

332 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Trachypogon.

glume oblong-linear, minutely aerate ciliate near the membranous

reddish tips, “otherwise more or les airy, nerves 8-11, transversely

anastomosing, callus 1 lin. Law upper glume lanceolate- linear,

Acad. Peétersb. sér. vi. ii. 257 ; Nees, Fi. fo ae 100. T. trun-

catus, Anderss. in Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Férh, Stockh. 1857, 49.

tipa capensis and St. spicata, Thunb, Prod, 19-20; Fl. Cap. € ed.

Schult. 106-7. Heteropogon truncatus, Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 102.

ndropogon spicatus and A. truncatus, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 368.

Coast Region; Riversdale Div.; near the Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6680!

pce iy Div. ; between Kromme River and Krakakamma Mountains, ah on

t eats nee !

: ; Kasuga

River, MacOwan, 1014! Albany Div.; monntain sides near al ae

Sz!

KALAHARI REGION: Orange Free State, ree’ 3389! Transvaal ; Joh:

Rae, common on open Veld, E.S.C.A. Herd. 312! Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5670!

5671

hia REGION: Tembuland; Bazeia, gee 318, partly! Natal; Umpu-

sa) Buchanan, 153! Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 , Buchanan, 154! 155! en

Wood, 1621! and without precise locality, phe an 125! Gerrard, 476

Also in Madagascar and on the Congo.

IX. ELIONURUS, Humb. and Bonpl.

Spikelets similar, usually awnless, but differing in sex, 2-nate (one

sla the other pedicelled) on the artinatite fragile” “rhaehis of

a awned. Vuloes poeta awnless. Pale obsolete or 0.

cules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Stigmas laterally exserted. (rain

oblong, dorsally compressed ; embryo about i the length of the

grain.

Generally — cxspitose, aromatic; blades flat or folded; pect mem-

ranous, very short; racemes erect, joints strongly compressed, usually villous,

tips oblique, not pil ged.

Distrib. Species about 15, in the tropics and the subtropical regions of both

hemispheres,

1. E. argenteus Cees Fl. Afr. Austr. 95); densely caspitose ;

innovation shoots intravaginal ; culms slender, simple, rarely with a

lateral flowering branch from the upper part, 1-2 ft. long, more oF

Elionurus.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 3383

less compressed below, glabrous, 2~3 noded; leaves paged crowded |

at the base; lower sheaths compressed, villous at the very base,

appressedly and usually fugaciously hirsute oo or glabrous except

near the mouth; upper terete, tight, shorter than the internodes,

cate, ciliolate with long hairs from behind; blades very narrow,

linear, acute, generally tightly convolute and filiform, 3-1 ft. b

about 1 lin., erect, rigid, sulcate, flexuous or curved, glabrous or

hirsute at the base ; raceme (false spike) 3-6 in. long, rather stout,

2 lin. long, long and densely villous on the back ; sessile spikelets

lanceolate, acuminate, 4-5 lin. long; lower glume herbaceous to

chartaceous, bi-cuspidate, villous to subglabrous on the back, intra-

carinal nerves about 6, evanescent below keels acute, long an

densely ciliate, in the lower part with tubercle-based tufts of ‘hairs,

and with oil-glands nearly all along, callus short, obtuse, hairy ;

joints; lower glum ‘sik tire or pe Leg one margin " inflexed, the

other spreading, siacqtiuat nerves 5-6; upper glume 3-5-nerved ;

cal et as in the sessile spikelet, except the sex. Hack. Androp.in

DC. M Phan. vi. ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

%. 702, ledlahiae. tenuifolius, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 365.

Var. thymiodora (Stapf); culms Mei slender, to 1 ft. long — setaceous ;

racemes Ce, 1} in. long ; spikelets pur , 3-32 lin. long; lower glume shortly

bifid or 2.toothed and keels beset mg more numerous Aes based tufts of

hairs in the sessile spikelets ; the rest as in the type, but all parts smaller and with

fewer or fainter nerves. JE. thymiodorus, Nees, l.c. 95; Hack, lc. 340; Durand

& Schinz, l.c. 703. Andropogon Leensidetat Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 365.

Sourn Arrica: without ig ao 2042! 4317! pune 1796

Coast Region: Uite nhag y hills near e 1 iver,

Zeyher, 462! Alexandria Di ae Ze ane gs ia, Gill ! as Berg Pag (000-

3500 ft., Drége ! Albany D Sige oman oe age 2000 f Vae Owan,

1316! Fort Beaufort pa Kat River, 2500-8 , Drege. Binet

sto ége.

Centra Recion: Albert Div., Cooper, 1367! Aliwal North Div.; Witte

Bergen, moist, rocky places, sates ft., Drege!

Katanart Region: Orange Free State; ee River, Burke, 200! and

Draai Fontein, Kehmann, 4491 Se ind ; i Fontein, Burchell, 2581!

Kuruman, Burchell, — nd between Kosi sour and Knegts Fontein,

Burchell, 2607! — ; Houtbos i ‘Relomann, 5672! hain Poort,

Rehmann, 4491! and Chr tina on the Vaal River, Nelson, 65

EASTERN Bravo : Tembuland ; Bazeia, ‘os ft., — r, aa) Natal ; Umpu-

mulo, 2500 ft., and “Riet t Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan, 161! se Umtentu

River va Usiinigln fees Drége, and without pr ecive locality, ai cal

Buchana and, Buchanan, 16la! Var. 8: Uite Div.; Van

Stadens pe wc jane aoe ft., Zeyher, ye Al bany ag Sean tp

hear ee MacOwan, 671! Fort Beaufort Div.; Kat River Mountain

above the wood zone, Ecklon,

334 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

X. ANDROPOGON, Linn.

Spikelets similar or i igi -nate (one sessile, the other

reduced to an empty valve; upper ¢ in the sessile, ¢& or barren, or

quite suppressed in the pedicelled spikelet. Glumes equal or sub-

equal; lower coriaceous to subchartaceous, 2-keeled, muticous ;

upper usually less firm, with a median keel, muticous, rarely with a

terminal bristle. Valves hyaline, the upper at least so at the base,

and usually awned. fale various or 0. Lodicules 2, cuneate.

tamens 3-1. Stigmas laterally exserted. Grain various

a 3: or annual, of rid varied habit

TRIB, Over 200 specie the warm parts of the world,

The genus, as defined b Hacks! er ieiind - very heterogeneous <n and IT

have no doubt that several of t e old genera of which it is ma are will have to

i restored, as for instance, Ch = opogon, C By abet ogon Vand ver pogon. How-

ver, I am not yet ready to define the genus An me oy cm rictiore) in a

natin tory manner, and hibetore prefer to follow Hackel for the nares in this

respect.

Ais pinata Bessile spikelets of all the pairs alike in

x ani

Heaseeate peat a terminal on the culms and their

pa often in spurious leafy or spathaceous

Subgenus I. Scuizacuyrtum. Joints of the rhachis

tout, tips copula with toothed margins ; upp

valve deeply bifid (1) hirtiflorus.

Subgenus II. Hyp POGYNIUM. Joints of the rhachis

filiform, a rete upper valve entire, or very

minutely 2-toothed .. (2) ceresieformis.

**Racemes 2-nate, aigtinte’t or panicled, terminal on the

culms — oat branches

Subgenu ; henaacaeie. Lateral racemes

sessi

Pediat vO aa poner racemes silvery

(3) eucomus.

Peaivaled ‘ke elets $ (in the South African

gs bel. rarely ba barr

sem glu rsally sctcabs or grooved ;

Lower glume uals poses not teeta (4) appendiculatus.

Lower glume with a w groove corre-

wded

ear i e base, blades ner a canoe (5) schirensis.

2 e and

a ta ace eer blades 2 31 lin.

roa (6) Schinzii.

Blades rounded or subcordate and sub-

amplexicaul at the base (7) amplectens.

Blades filiform; _pedicelled ‘spikelets

6-Slin. long... ... ... 6 (8) filifolius.

Andropogon. ] GRAMINE# (Stapf). 335

Lower glume dorsally flattened; keels

broadly winged above... ae ... (9) distachyus,

Subgenus IV. snes rt ogi Racemes all pe-

duncled, joints of the rhachis many (in the

South imo akeygaer to few, like the pedicels

linear, compressed, a translucent channel

d thickened margins :

Racemes —— te or cana lower exceeding

the mon rhac

Lower aim of ae er not pitted .. (10) Ischemum.

glume of sessile spikelets pitted . .. (11) pertusus.

Racemes “panicled, lower shorter than the com-

rhac be . (12) intermedius.

Subgenns - coeiadie Racemes all pedun neled,

joints of the rhachis 8-1, and like een dai els

opaque; racemes usually 3-8-, etimes

pete eae pe "apie elets rr grains

dorsal essed ; a ciate (in the

So uth “Aftienn species) or

rennial ; rhachis ay Misi se engin .. (13) halepensis.

ramen rhachis of raceme tough ... . (14) Sorghum.

Be Vi; Cu RYSOPOGON. Racemes L-articu-

bearded tips of the branches of the panicle (15) monticola.

B. HETEROZYGI. Sessile si of the lowest 1

or more pairs, differing those above in sex or

form (if the racemes are 2. pane this is the case at

n ao but differing in xs annulatus.

sessile spi

are cylindric . ae ... (17) contortus.

subte

quently in he urious leafy or spat thaceous =

seikslen a6 _ di er ring in sex and form

Column of awn glabrous:

ee “densely tutted, with intravaginal innova-

sh ; lower sheaths firm, fugaciously

aiey to psn at the base joao i

s more or less winged above (18) Nardus.

Lower — ig ene eg concave below

hetw: the rounded keels which are a

scarce ely win pal reine . (19) plurinodis.

Culms fascicled, frequently wi ith extravaginal

innovation shoots, or annual; sheaths

glabro

abrous, subhe baceous ; lower glume tg

spikelets dorsally flatten h a narrow

oove from the middle wards corre-

ding to a keel inside fic oe .. (20) Schenanthus.

spon

reg of awn pubescent or hirsu eee

f ¢ spikelets very soot or ure,

blab:

336 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

+Proper spathes narrow, linear to lanceolate,

Spikelets of the lowest pair of the peduncled

raceme of different sex:

mmon pe is wong or more

often exceeding the long and very

narrow spath cu rs

ligules short up to 1} lin. long... (21) hirtus.

ra em pla thes ; culms robust;

up to 32 a “i ng . (22) auctus.

Spikelets not silvery villo

Spurious panicle de cae lower

s er a auite pinpecas below ;

ete stout, t

Comm n pees enclosed in the

Make olate spathes ——

ets gla

te yee ape .. (28) Schimperi.

often ie: pena from the

ve! with short rigid rufous

hai . (24) rufus.

Sg pa nlc, narrow, remotel ely a

antily branched; culms edhe

pander sheaths fugaci

0 e

strongly curved or cirriform (25) dregeanus,

Racemes ‘shee, 2-5-jointed, short] later-

ally or su ubt erininally exserted, falling

from me pink adin nety bearded tips of

he n peduncles : (26) dichrous.

ioe ce the lowest 2 pairs “of the

Pp aceme alike in form ane sex (28) Buchanani.

oe ready ers olate to ovate,

vividly coloured ; racemes :

“e 3-jointed . (27) Cymbarius,

ee of 3 sla slender, acute, up ‘to 1lin.

ong, d

No scivions ‘bret “appendage below the

spike

Racemes ore 5-6 lin. wees each with 1] $

spikelet . (29) filipendulus.

21i

of each tg with 2-4 g spikel

Culms le ; racemes es oe healt

or ahs ; ast one of each pair with 2-3 g :

lets ; ree — 3... (30) transvaalensis.

C ule “ss anched a g 5; racemes ae

in. long, te yg rg

“ie é s 2 eine po of pected

spikele pag stim . (31) pleiarthren.

$ ~~ parses a rae a bract-like a appen-

to the tip of the joint or peduncle ... (32) Ruprechtii.

Andropogon. ] GRAMINE# (Stapf). 337

Subgenus 1, sein gun Soi (Benth.). ins solitary ; joints gine tips

cupular wit vith toothed margins. Spikelets of each pair similar, the s ssile 3,

wedged in between the joint and pedicel. ie pea 2-keeled, cease com-

pressed ; upper more or less lanceolate, keeled, muticous Soe a . ine

upper deeply bifid with a slender awn from the sinus. Pedicelled spikelets

usually more or aie reduced and barren, rarely ¢, muticous or with a bristle

from the lower glum

1, A hirtiflorus (Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. 569, t. 198) var.

core yane a, (Stapf); perennial, tufted ; culms 1-3 ft. long, glabrous,

r less branched or almost simple ; sheaths tight, glabrous

or ae particularly near the mouth ; ligules membranous, short,

glabrous; blades linear, acute 2-12 a, by 1-2 lin.,. inlded,

suppressed ; peduncles never more n 1 from each sheath,

the lateral generally exserted ; racemes slender, stiff, 2-5 in. long,

joints up to 20, 3-31 lin. long, with white silky hairs at the

base, or more or less eiliate along the edges, pedicels slightly shorter,

ciliate along one or both edges ; sessile spikelets linear, 31-4 lin, long ;

lower elume bicuspidate, coriaceous, subconvex, aren and often

shining, keels scaberulous, intracarinal nerves 2-5; upper charta-

valve lanceolate, 2-nerved, ciliate; upper bifid beyond the middle,

1-nerved, lobes ciliate, awn 5-8 lin . long, lower twisted portion scarcely

exserted ; pale very minute or 0; pedicelled spikelets barren, 13-2}

between the mucros; valves hyaline, 3-l-nerved or suppressed, A.

senierbis, Kunth, Davin. PL i. 48 89; Hack. Andr. in DC. Monogr.

Phan. vi. 369 ; Paid S Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.723. A. Pseudo-

graya, Stud Synops. Pl. Glum. i. 365; Hack. Andr. l.c. 370 ; Durand

& Schinz, tc. 720, A. peste oa Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 571.

Katanart Region: Bechuanaland ; Kuruman, Bur on Ss Transvaal ;

Bland Riva, rib 49* ! Sintec, Rehmann, 5727! 3

: Natal; niga Buchanan, 1 99!

Tro opical regions Waa — ispher:

The typical reas which has the mabe as well as the joints and pedicels

hairy all over, does not occur in the Old World.

Subgenus 2. Hypo OGYNrIUM (Hack.). Racemes solitary, each gore supported

by uspathe ; joints slender, tips oblique. Spikelets of each pair very similar, the

sessile, rarely 2, orsally compressed. ower glume 2-keeled, upper Janceo-

late, keeled, muticous or shortly awned (in the South African species). Lower

valve hyaline or bs i gare upper entire or bifid (in the South Bien species),

or barren, awale : : ideo

e\ Aecsates

2. A. eareuiaitonate (ec ees, Fl. ae 2 rere 109) ; ; perennial, inhted,

culms erect or asc ending; very slender, 1-4 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, many-noded, simple below, branched ees branches

solitary or 2—-4-nate, often subpendulous, filiform, with tre tips,

Space! iy a spathaceous raceme or panicle ; sheaths _ ticht,

VOL

ee i

338 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

glabrous or hairy to villous, shorter than the internodes; ligules

very short, rounded; blades linear, tapering to an cute oint,

2-6 in. by 1-2 lin., ‘flat, erect, somewhat firm, glabrous or hairy,

turning red, midrib white : spathes boat-shaped, acuminate, 8-14 in.

yellowish-green or brown, hairy or glabrous and shite on the back,

the sessile 11—2 lin. long ; lower glume chartaceous, narrowly truncate,

intracarinal nerves 2, evanescent below ; upper glume membranous

ume Ones, nerves pees ate Socios ues valve

Soaeiad, ciliate ; upper very narrow, linear, nerveless, awnless ;

ee 0. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 383; Hack. in Hook. Icon. Pi.

870; Hack. Androp. in DC. Mosca Phan. vi. 398

SoutH AFRICA: without Pen Drége, 4263

Katanart ReGion: Orange e State, ee 3373! Transvaal;

summit of Houtbosch Berg, tien, 25*! Makapans Bergen at Streyd Poort,

Rehmann, 5382! J igre.) HS.C.A, Herb., 308 |

iy Pondo wait between St. Johns River and Umtsikaba

ver, Drége! Griqualand East ; Mount Pum ree? er ae 3500 ft.,

Tus yson, 3088! Mise “ 3 coast ne Sutherland ear Umpumulo,

2000 ft., Buc , 225! Riet Noe 6000 ft., lene. 224 and withou t

precise ect Plant, 60! Gerrard, 676.

In the typical aie extending ree Zambesi, and in more or less distinct

varieties a ean tr ceed Afri

Subge . ART ous k.).

ey prea or paula, besa partly ssi, pactly pedune ped from spat thi-

4-6,

form sheaths ; cae umerou ely ancipitous opaque (confer A. distachyus)

tips often appendag Spikelets of each pair f eeidnhcant, ar the sessile generally

a alike, 3, arog awned. Lower glume 2-keeled; upper lanceolate the

uth African species) or oblong, keeled, Lower valve hyaline, as long as or

sight shorter than the glumes, linear to oblong ; ai ge elvares oblong or iment,

hoa y bifid and awned (in the South African rarely muticous.

ns 3 (in the South African species) to 1, Pedicellod pie ir g or reduced

a haee: or suppressed, very rarely 3.

3. A. eucomus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 104); perennial, densely

tufted, pS 1-3 ft. long, glabrous, 4—6- or more-node d, simple to

by 1

( ante. g glabrous or hairy, pale green ; air linear, se setaceou usly

é eo

——— ns

Andropogon. | GRAMINE# (Stapf). 839

acuminate, 2 in. long, glabrous, usually exeeeding the filiform

glabrous peduncle ; racemes 2~4-nate, 1-12 in. long, very slender,

flexuous, suberect or nodding, silvery plumose, joints filiform, shorter

than the spikelets, silky with soft long (about 5 lin.) hairs ; pedicels

similar, exceeding the spikelets, barren ; spikelets lanceolate- oblong,

1-12 lin. long

upper l-nerved; lower valve nerveless, ciliate; upper lanceolate-

oblong, lobes very fine, awn a fine bristle, 6-9 lin, long; pale very

minute ; anthers } lin. long; grain over + lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl.

Gum. i. 390 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 176; Hack. Andr. in

DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 421; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

“3 711. Hriopodium Kraussii, Hochst. ex Krauss in Flora, 1846,

oAST REGION: _Clanwilliam etd 3 eas River, Zeyher ! Wupperthal,

ape

Mountains, by the Berg River, below 500 ft., Dr a4 ? haces bm

loof, on wet rocks, 900 ft., MacOwan, 1691! Tulbagh Div.; near Ceres Road

Sa Schlechter, 288 ! Port Elizabeth Div. ; Port Eliz: abeth, E.8.C.A. Herb.,

7 A . .

“

“3

bax |

a E

JT 4:

(=)

ARI ReE@t Griqualand Wes Hay Division at Griquatown,

Burchell, 2102! Mesdiniasns Hamaper, a near Kuruman, Burchell, 2523!

Transvaal ; be: River, near ‘Mantatus Kraal, Nelson, 87*! Houtbosch,

es ales Natal ; abundant on og coast one common at 1000 ft.,

rein 211! Durban Plat, Buchan 26! _ r Dur ban, Wood, 1654!

M‘Ken, 126! between Umlazi River and aden Be ey Krauss, 163! ‘by the

Umlazi River, Drége ! and without precise locality, Gerrard,

4. A. appendiculatus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. oer ; ei

densely tufted ; culms erect, 2-3 ft. long, glabrous, ca oe sed o

crowded near the base; sheaths ca . iaecd at the mouth,

lower very firm, strongly i apr keeled, persistent, upper shorter

th the internodes, ight, uppermost subspathaceous ; ligules

tecniliiinsiel very nae “truncate, ciliolate; blades linear, acute,

usually folded, lower 4— 12 in. by 1-23 lin. (unfolded), uppermost

eoriaceous to ¢ artaceous, lie ous, lower acute or spumioate,

dorsally concave, keels acute, seabrid, or rigidly ciliate, callus scantily

bearded 3 upper glume boat-shape , 1-nerv ed; lower valve oblong-

laneeolate, faintly 2- sian, softly sata upper valve 2 lin, long, bifid

to 3,.1-nerved, lobes s very. narrow, ciliate, awn 5-7 lin., kneed b below

z 2

340 GRAMINEM (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

the middle ; pale } lin. long, ciliate ; anthers 1 lin. long ; pedicelled

spikelets Syn arrowly lanceolate, 3-33 lin. long, purplish, glabrous ;

lower glume beraiath, with am edian keel in the upper part ; upper

l-nerved, resembling the entire, lanceolate, muticous, reversedly

ciliate valves. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 379; Hack. Androp. im

20, and Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 108, not Linn., ex Nee

Soutu AFRICA: without feng lcs 1801! Drége, 14!

Coast Reaion: Clanw Div. Wupperthal, 1500-2000 ft., Drége.

Tulbagh Div.; near Tu Tong "Waterfall, Ecklon ! Worcester Div.; Dutoits

0 a a

erg Ran g

Burchell, 4622! Albany Div.; moist places near Grahamstown, MacOwan,

1314! Fort Beaufort Div. ; Winter Berg, Ecklon. Queenstown Div.; Zwart Key

River, Ecklon

ENTRAL REGION : Albert Div.; near Gaatje, 5000 ft.,

KALAHARI REGION: Orange Free State; Caledon River, eek ! Basutoland,

Cooper, 923! Transvaal ; Bothas Berg, Steel Poort, Nelson, 59* ! Seer sr ay

“<4

is}

t=]

is)

f=7)

i=]

Law

i=)

fr)

O* |

ASTERN REGION: Tembu and ; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 295! Natal; Dur-

ban Flat, Buchanan, 41! Rict Vlei, 6000-7000 ft ., Buchanan, 192! Umpumulo,

— 191!

ere is no South African tiga referable to this species or to A. Ischamum,

ie in Thunberg’s herbari

. A. schirensis (Hochst. ex Rich. Penk. ft. ea ii, 456)

ong, glalecars 3- fon oded, simple obs with an Additional

Amerie branch from one of the ermost nodes; leaves mainly

crowded near the base; sheaths ra @ tight, glabrous, lowest more

or less persistent; ligules membranous, very short, truncate ; blades

narrow, linear, tapering to a fine, sometimes setaceous point, 4—7 in.

by 1 rarely 2 me rather fir , glabrous, rarely hai yes a

lobes. an ceolate, acute, eiliolat wh 3—]2 long slende er,

kneed and Lagan below _ eri pale aigs 3 y jin. long,

Pa Seeks

Andropogon. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 541

OUTH AFRICA: Espa on ge Zeyher, —— ! 292!

gegelets REG range Free State; Drakens Berg Range, near Harri-

smith, Buchanan, 120! near "Thaba tevin. Burke, 434! Basutoland; Leribe,

Buchana 144!

Baste Region: Natal; Umpumulo, 2000-2500 ft., Buchanan, 195! Riet

Vie 00-6000 ft., Buchanan, 193! 196! and without precise locality,

Hadheitiain, 116 partl y!

The species was described from specimens collected by Schimper in Abyssinia

I have not se sae them ; but Schweinfurth’s and Barter’s specimens from Central

mie and the Niger, ‘which Hacke (Andr. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 452) refers

represent a muc Moen er and stouter plant, Nhe a height of 10 ft. and

fet leaves 3-7 lin. broad and very long, and racemes up to 6 in. long, whilst the

calli of hen spike are pageant shorter and more ahaa, and the anthers up to

2 lin uother form, intermediate between this robust state and var.

wate es occurs in East Africa from the Zambesi to Usambara.

. A. Schinzii (Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 458) ;

pere nnial ; culms erect, slender, 2-4 ns ae glabrous, 7

impl

2-Llin. long ; blades linear from a slightly narrower base, long taper-

Ing to a fine point 4-8 in. by 2-32 lin., flat, rigid, —s turning

and pedicels equal or aut ae and similar, cuneate-linear, zal lin.

ong, glabrous, callus short, cbt, eet wae pets in athe

branous, boat-shaped, 3-nerved, with a te rminal bristle about as long

linear-lanceolate, acute, 3} lin. long, purplish or reddish ; lower glume

sige aceous, minutely Béoothed with an interposed biiatle of ‘about

er glume lanceolate, 3-nerved, ciliolate, aristulate like the lower ;

valves oblong-linear, acute or mucronulate, 3-nerved; lower finely

2-keeled, keels rigidly ciliate ; upper long and -sofly ciliate, muti-

cous. Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 721

342 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

KALAHARI REGION: Griqualand West; Hay Div. at Klip Fontein, Burchell,

2164/2!

Also in Amboland, German South-West Africa.

7. A. amplectens (Nees, Fl. Afr. iri 104) ; eee Sie

tufted ; culms erect, slender, 2-23 ft. long glabrou noded,

simple. or with 1-3 flow ering ance from the upper roe pee es

mostly crowded at the base ; sheaths terete, tight, glabrous, lowest

flexuous; joints and edicels very similar, sublinear, 3 ong,

shortly ciliate along the margins, cae hollowed, it ise ; ‘sessile

spikelets laterally compressed, wedged in between the pedicel and

the joint, 31—4 lin. long, glabrous, callus short, acute, bearded, sunk

in the hollow of the preceding joint; glumes coriaceous ; lower

Tg Nea acuminate, 2-toothed, keels rounded and broad

below, acute seabrid near the tips, with a distinct groove (fold)

extending between them to the acumen and with 2 fine lateral

stout, 11-2 in. long, kneed and gen reemnae iow the middle ;

pale linear- -oblong, 1 iin n. Rage ed aa ciliate ; anthers we lin.

above, intrac aaa nerves many (to 9), middle nerve stronger ;

upper Tinear-lanceolate, 3-sub-5-nerved, ciliate; valves linear 3-

acuminate, 41 lin. long, ciliate ; upper 34 lin. oe

9-toothed, muticous ; Lupo linear, 2 lin. long, vost Ste

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 372; Hack. Androp. in ae Monogr. Phan. vi.

453 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 705.

HART ReGion: Basutoland, Marloth, 1114! Transvaal; Houtbosch

Rehmann, 5678! ae Bergen, at Streyd ade Rehmann, 5380! Drovk

Fontein, Nelson, 76*! Apies River, Nelson, 41*

ERN Reeron : Pebniesd near Morley y, 1000-2000 ft., Drége ! Natal ;

Umpumulo, 2000 ft., uchanan, 194! between Umtat: iver and St. Johns

River, 1000-2000 ft., Drége’ and without precise locality, Gerrard, 769!

Buchanan, 116 partly !

tufted ; “culms erect, slender, , 1-24 ft. long slau, terete, iach

cate ; blades very narrow, econvolute, filiform, acute, lowest 2-1 ft.

long, upper very short, firm, flexuous, glabrous or hairy at the base ;

Andropogon. | GRAMINEH (Stapf). 343

racemes 2-nate, 21-33 in. long, stout, strict, jomts and pedicels sub-

equal and similar, “cuneate- linear, 21~31 lin. long, densely and

shortly villous along the margins, tips hollowed, unequally toothed ;

sessile spikelets laterally compressed, wedged in between joint an and

pedicel, 33 lin. long, callus slender, 1-12 lin. hae, acute, densely

bearded; glumes subcoriaceous, glabrous, smooth; lower linear,

obtuse, tips hyaline, keels narrow, rounded, smooth, almost con-

tiguous, with a deep very narrow groove (fold) between them;

upper boat-shaped, 1-sub-3-nerved, cilia ate ; valves subequal; lower

oblong-linear, 2-nerved, ciliate ; upper linear, deeply bifid, 3- nerved,

lobes oblong, ciliolate, aw n stout, 2 2~21 in. long, kneed at the middle,

pubescent below ; pale ovate, acute, 13 lin. long, nerveless, glabrous ;

anthers 21 lin long; pedicelled spikelets as dorsally compressed or

subterete, ‘lanceolate, 6-8 lin. long, ig often purplish; lower

glume her on Rega rea one tooth often prolonged into a

0); upp

oblong, acute, 4 lin. as “Soumerel, ciliate 3 upper linear 1-nerved,

glabrous, muticous ; pale linear, 2 lin. long, nervele ss; anthers 1 lin.

long. Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 453 ; Durand &

pice te ag > Fl. Afr. v. 712. Heteropogon filifolius, Nees, Fl.

Afr. A 103.

user ee Port Elizabeth; E.S. bases Herb., 96! Alexandria Div. ;

Zuur Berg Range, 2000-3500 ft., "Drege! Bathurst Div. ; near Theopolis,

Burchell. 4096! between Port Alfred and Kaffir Dr ift, , Burchell, 3852 !

LAHARI voi : Transvaal; Houtbosch, ae 7

Eastern Req : Natal; Riet Viei, 4000-30 "tb., gg teat 197! near

Newcastle, piciamie 195

9. A. distachyus (Linn. Spec. Plant. 1046); perennial, tufted ;

culms erect, slender 1-21 ft. long, glabrous, terete, about 3-noded,

simple or branched below; sheaths terete, tight, glabrous or, parti-

cularly the lower, pais! lowest reduced a villous scales; ligules

long, pale green, tips often purplish, callus short, obtuse, bearded ;

lower glum aceous, broad ate, ed,

wings Sani us, whitish or purplish, intracarinal nerves about

minutely 2-toothed with an interposed bri bristle, about as

glume ; valves equal, 3 lin. long; oe pene a upper

344 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

oblong, 2-fid to 2, firmer below, 3-nerved, lobes lanceolate, glabrous, awn

slender, about 1 in. mae kneed much below the middle, scaberulous

below thie knee ; pale minute or obsolete ; anthers 14 4. long; grain

oblong, 1 lin. long ; pedicelled spikelets 3 similar to the sessile, about

4 lin. long, but narrower; lower glume less acuminate and less dis-

tinctly a ie with a short terminal bristle ; upper thinly mem-

branous; both valves delicately hyaline, upper shortly _ bifid,

muticous. Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. iii. 630; Host, Gram. Austr. iii. Q:

Sibth. and Sm. Fl. Grace. i. 53, t. 69. Kunth, Enum. i. 491; pike

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 372; Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan.

461; Durand & Schinz, ‘Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 710. Pollinia distacy,

Spreng. Pug. Pl. Nov. ii. 12; Retchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. 21, fig.

KALAHARI ncemsoatin Orange Free State; on the Witte Bergen, near Harri-

smith, ds co 263

N REGION: ‘Natal; Newcastle, Buchanan, 179! and without precise

ladatie, pence m, 15!

Commou in the Mediterranean countries, also in Abyssinia and on Cameroon

Peak.

a nus 4. AMPHILOPHIS (Hack.). Kacemes fascicled “ at —— 3

ts 1 to many, like the pedicels linear, flattened, chanelled, ranslucent

ated the thie ened, fay margins; tips truncate. Spikelets ene? pair

very similar; the e dorsally compressed, callus short. Lower glume

2-keeled ; upper more or lanceola eled, muticous, generally 3-nerved

Lower valve hyali yn de linear, generally passing gradu lly

igs or almost wholly reduc n; pale O (in the th African species)

the a i Sou 1

r io Pedicelled ae vannils as long as the sessile, but narrower,

or ;

10. A. Ischemum (Linn. waaay Pl. 1047) var. erg (Hack.

Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 476); perennial; culms erect or

ascending from a prostrate iiathad base, 131 ft. long, oa stout,

glabrous, 3-6-noded, simple above, or with 1-2 flowering branches

from the uppermost nodes ; ; sheaths compressed, rather loose, bearded

at the nodes and the mouths ; richie truncate, ciliolate ; blades linear,

gradually tapering to a fine point, 11-3 in. by 14-2 lin., flat, rigid,

more or less hirsute, with ro ae ae hairs, eee cari

laginous; racemes 5-7 or more, fascicled, 1:-3 in.

purplish, sey, shortly peduncled, joints and pedicels slightly ats

ing half the spikelet, long ciliate; sessile spikelets < lin. long,

keel rigidly ciliate above; lower valve oblong-lanceolate acute ;

upper almost reduced to a kneed awn, 6-9 lin long ; anthers

1-1} lin. long ; pedicelled ‘spikelets ¢, glabrous, awaless Durand

& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 715. A. radicans, Lehm. in Ind. Sem

Hort. Hamb. 1828 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 499; Nees, Fi. orn ay

106; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 380.

Centra Recion: Graaff Reinet Div.; near Graaff Reinet, on stony hills,

hone ag Bolus, 518 s Somerset on ; by the Little and Great Fish Rivers,

00 ft., Drége ! Ecklon.

Andropogon. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 345

The typical form which has glabrous nodes and shorter, finer awns, ranges

from Central and South Europe to Eastern Asia

11. A. pertusus (Willd. Spec. Plant. iv. 922); perennial; culms

erect or ascending from the branched often prostrate base, simple above,

1-2} ft. long, glabrous, 5-6-noded ; sheaths rather ee except the

compressed lower ones, usually bearded at the nodes; ligules trun-

cate, up to 1 lin. long, often with hairs from behind ; “asian linear,

tapering to a fine point, 2-6 in. by 1-2 lin,, flat, glabrous or more

or less hairy, scabrid ; racemes digitate, rarely more distant on a

common rhachis not longer than the lowest racemes, about 2 in. lon

peduncles usually glabrous except their bearded axils, short, jo oints

and pedicels equalling 3 of the spikelet or slightly longer, ciliate,

usually 33 not or shallowly pitted, purplish. Beauv. Agrost. 131,

t. 23, fig. 2; Kunth, -_- i. 498; St = Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 364 ;

Hack. Androp. in DC. M. nog? Pica: . 479; Durand & Schine,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 718; oe Sf. Fi. Brit. Ind. vii. 173.

Var. B ips B reg lic. ytd 3 Dec up to 4 ft. long; blades 4~12 in. by

2-32 lin. o 20; r glume of sessile spikelets rather firm

wy oma or ry pote ie, Fo shinier, 2-24 lin, tong 3 age spikelets

Noa Ot 2-3-pit seit Dura dy Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. ¥. A. pertusus,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 107.

pa peta Var. 8, Komgha Div. ; banks of the Kei River, Drege!

EAsrTeERN ReGion: Natal; without precise en , Gerra oe be Var. £,

Natal ; at the foot of Table Mountain, near Pieter tzburg, Kra 29! Umpu-

mulo, Buchanan, 190! 295 partly! and without ae locality, Buchowhe, 201 !

Th cies of which Hackel distinguishes 8 varieties, for the greatest part

pee nightly differing, ranges all over Africa and tropical Asia to North

truneate, often with hairs from behind; blades linear, tapering to a

long fine point, 4-30 in. long by 13-4 lin,, rather rigid, glabrous or

sometimes hispid at the base, usually smooth except the margins ;

panicle compound, oblong, dense, 4-7 long, ere: purplish,

common rhachis 2—5 in, “Jong, ee like ¢ hort peduncles

glabrous except for the hear ed axils; racemes Pint often flexuous,

346 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

lower glume rather thin, slightly truneate, pitted, glabrous or more or

less hairy below the ‘middie, intraca arinal nerves faint 4-7, keels

spinulously ciliate above, rarely smooth; upper glume acute or sub-

acute, 3-nerved, scantily ciliate or glabrous; lower valve oblong,

subobtuse, nerveless, glabrous; upper almost reduced to a very

slender kneed awn 5-7 lin . long; eae hye ica do or barren,

usually not pitted, sometimes reduced to the glumes. urand &

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 715; Hook. 7 Fi. “Brit. Ind. vii. 176.

A. punctatus, Trin. Spec. Gram Ta t. 328; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

i. 391, not Roxb. <A. perfossus, Nees ex Steud. iz

ALAHARI REGION: Transvaal; Pretoria Div. at Kamel Poort, Nelson, 9!

Lydenburg Div.; by the Komati River, Nelson, 46!

EGION : a. ban oe = Bashee River, Drege! Griqualan

East ; Clydesdale, 2500 ft., Tuson, 3 Natal; banks of the Umlazi River,

ége / Umpumulo, on hills, an in partly ! and without precise locality,

Gueinzius !

_ Als o in t —— Africa and Asia as far as China; the typical form which differ:

n the le mpound panicle and in lightly larger, not pitted, spikelets partie:

thro Seton “Adittalia to Taidis a and Chin

Subge ad we Ngeier al yn ack.). Races panicled, all peduncled ; rhachis ——

or tough in in the cultivated varieties ; joints filiform, truncate, margins ciliat

The spik “ey ae each pair ar or h rie morphous ; all the sessile J, dorsally

compressed ; | glume usually coriaceous and shining, 2-keele the tip,

er muticous; lowe Ive hyaline, as long as on ightly shorter than the

glumes ; uppe ong or linear, 2-fid or 2-toothed, awned from the sinus Siniocs

muticous. odicules Bia ciliate. Stamens generally 3. Grain

dorsally compressed, subglobose (in the cultivated bdr ag ‘Pedicelled

spikelets ¢ or panel often much reduced or quite suppressed.

a # i

in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. ee vii i. 188) 5 perennial ; ; sth erect, usually

sheaths ‘glabrous, exce i tho Saeed silky nodes, strongly

linear-lanceolate or iat from ften rounded

tapering to a fine point, 1~2 ft. long, 3-22 in. bro at, glabrous,

or wit silky line on the back at the union with the sheath,

margins serrulate, midrib stout; panicle decompound, very large,

up to 1 ft. long, effuse, nodding, lower branches up to 1 f

long, often undivide d to the middle ; rhachis and branches or

d ni

more than

half as long as the sessile spikelets, more or less ciliate, —

very similar ; sessile spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 3-42 lin. long, pe

broad, pale, "ultimately sometimes darker or even blac ing ;

lower glume wore or less hairy, at least on the sides, ol Suncived.

callus shortly bearded ; upper lanceolate, acuminate, shining, 5-7-

longer, kneed, sometimes reduced to a bristle or suppressed ; pale

linear- -oblong, slightly shorter than the valve; anthers 12-1} lin.

long ; grain obovate or obovate-oblong, } shorter than the glumes;

Andropogon. |] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 347

pedicelled spikelets almost as long as the sessile, but narrower, ¢ or

effusus, Hack. Androp. in DC. gies Pha an. vi. 503; Du a

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 724. A. arundinaceus, Willd.

906. Rhaphis arundinaceus, Desv. Opuse. 69. Sorghum oe eae

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 88.

Coast Region: Knysna a hills age Puce Burchell, 5465! Komgha

Div., hs of th the an River, below 500

We ESTERN RuGion: Little Samoqoalads bi akan by the Orange River,

near Vaslepenr “m, lie 500 ft.,

Has GI alban Ie P by ‘the Umtata River, ete taps he

between the outa River and St. Johns River, pes ah 000 fis by the

t. s River, in coffee Lares tise Natal; near Durban, "Det anks

of Togele River, Buchanan, 296 ! the Umlazi aah: Krauss , 184! ! tin hiened,

Wood, 1332! and without precise ey, Gerrard, 690

Throughout the tropics, but particularly in Africa, The form from which the

psa was originally described is apparently only a weaker state with smaller

spikelet

14. A. Sorghum (Brot. Fl. Lus. i. 88); annual; leaves as in A.

halepensis, but the ligule often pie or ‘glabresce nt ; panicle very

variable, from effuse to com act ; rhachis” of racemes tough, joints

4—24 lin., pale, reddish, brown or at length black, usually shining ;

lower lame coriaceous, or more or less heckacsous particularly

sian: the tips, rarely quite thin except at the base, often pro-

minently nerved in the herbaceous part, erg ayes) quite glabrous,

otherwise as in A. halepensis, awn 21-72 ong, more or less

reduced or 0; grain Shovute - globose ; pedicle ‘spikelets @. or

pie i. 294- 315; Hook. Fe Fl. Brit. Ind. vii.

Schum. in Engl. PA. Ost-A fr. B. 34. paren subsp. sativus,

Hack. Androp. in. DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 505. Holeus np

hye Lips Plant. 1047 ; Gertn. Pruct. i ii. 2, t. 80; Lamk. Illus

Cultivated in numberless forms in the ng ais and ‘Sagan regions, pa

larly in the Old World, and in the warmer parts of the t rate zones rh both

emispheres, A great many varieties have been Saree of these 7 are said

oc i outh ica. s I have ly

Mmportant native

3¢ M Re AXteae tat po Modena” jibe a

348 GRAMINES (Stapf). { Andropogon.

* Glumes exceeding and enveloping the = ate K. Sch

saccharatus (Kérn. in Korn. und Wern. Handb. d. Gots sh

Enum. : inn. Sp

Plant. i. 1047. H. Caffrorum, Thunb. Prod. Pl. Cap. 20; Fl. —_ ed. Schult.

109 (from the description). H. ag Forsk. Fl. Aigypt. Arab. 174. Sorghum

saccharatum, Pers. Syn. i. 101. , Gram. Austr. iv. 8, t. 4. Nees, Fl. Afr.

Austr. (eacl. var. B) 86. 8. peny Jas. Ecl. Gram. t. 18.

AR, 8, rufescens (Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan. * 511); panicle

dense, rhachis glabrous, lower cranida short, endieided for 3-1 in.; spikelets ets

elliptic, 3 lin. long, reddish below, yellowish oe ; lower Hee! quite coriaceous,

or the very tips herbaceous, hairy only along the margins and below the tips;

aa pale reddish. Sorghwm saccharatum B rubens, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 87

L. Syn.).

ei y, Usorum (Korn. l.c. 312); panicle dense, rhachis and branches pubes-

cent, vill t the nodes, branchlets a“ ciliate along the angles, lower

branches short, divided aluvont from the b spikelets broadly elliptic, over

Se ;

22 lin. long, hairy, eg wish ; grain yellowish or reddish. Hack.

Sorghum Usorum, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 87. Andropogon Usorum, Steud.

** Gliumes shorter than on grain, adpressed to it seg K. Schum.).

Var. 5, Cafer (Korn. 1.c. 307); panicle effuse, rh short, branches up to

6 in. long, nodding. F unaeeaied to or bigg the ee mie hairy ;_ grains

reddish, much longer than the glum Holeus ag P. Ardui ino, Saggi Padov.

i. 119, 4.1. f.i. Panicum Silanes, Shale. Obs.

Var. ¢, Schenkii (Korn. in ee aie m, 319) panicle contracte ted ;

branches glabrous except the scantily pubesce nh odes; glumes 3 yellowish,

glabrous or subglabrous ; me yellows reddish, 23 lin. long

Var. ¢, Neesii (Korn. l.c. 315); panicle compact, erect or recurved, a his and

elnitonticn pec tomt hairy ra lous, ie er branches undivided for , short;

spikelets suborbicular, very obtuse, 2 lin. long, minutely villous, sales ;_ lower

glume Gate canoe dark-brown or black when mature; grain subglobose,

white. Sorghum bicolor, mgemde pe Afr. Austy. 86, yi Willd.

Vax. , melanospermus (Hack. 1.c. oe like the preceding, but spikelets

straw- wie, scantily hairy, esi black

The cereal of the sapelioe generally kane as the Kaffir corn; occasionally

grown in gardens in the western parts of the Cape Colony. I have seen ees e

few South African nin and as some of scinge are rather young or other

imperfect, the following determinations tr hav she revised along with those

com nd.

Var. saccharatus is very probably pctaniaiee vets a young specimen in the

. . a gh bie olor, 23 and

ysna sesei the :

2 forms, an a almost ‘ied mature —s whilst, ‘in the. ther, - ei

siroiag is the same as in the flowering state. e Takun specimen is

Andropogon. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 349

All of Burchell’s specimens agree otherwise exactly. Their panicles are erect,

oblong, the rhachis oa the bra rasta are villous at the nodes apeth more or less

hairy above them, e spikelets an the description of those of var. Neesit ;

hey are, however, tie always very caer but often apicnlate, Var. Schenkii

mene weil as var. Neesii is said to be grown also in various parts of tropical

ric

Shitias us 6. see sopocon (Hack.). Racemes ees: nearly always

redeed ‘6 1 sessile J and 2 pedicelled 3 or bar pikelets of peduncles

obconic, obliquely truncate, bearded; pedicels “aliform, not ee. Sessile

spikelets eee 5 Het ally compressed, awned. Lower glume coriaceous or charta-

ceous, complicate or involute; upper generally vedieit. and awned. Lower valve

hyaline — “Tinea minutely 2- toothed or entire, — ieee, passing into

the s glabro ain linear, laterally es

Pedicelled Sides dorsally al ans nsceins or aristulate from the glum

15. A. me apt (Schult. Mant. iii. 665) var. Trinii (Hook. f. Fl.

Brit. Ind. vii. 193); perennial ; culms in dense tufts, simple or

branched, 1-3 z high, usually’ very slender; lower sheaths com-

pressed, crowded, more or less flabellate, upper keeled, shorter than the

internodes ; ; ligules almost reduced to a fringe of hairs ; blades linear,

cute, 3- 12 j in. by 1-4 lin., folded or flat, rigid, glaucous, g alan

or minutely hairy, or ciliate towards the base; panicle ovate or

oblong, erect, 2-41 in. long, rhachis smooth or seabrid, branches few

or many in each whorl, capillary, flexuous, spreading, at length erect ;

hee spikelets linear or linear-oblong, 3-32 li lin. long, pale, callus

awn 7-15 lin. long; pedicelled spikelets lanceolate, about as long as

the sessile, glabrous; lower glume 5—7-nerved ; upper 3-nerved and

like the oni es hyaline and ciliate ; pedicels shout 4 1 the length of the

spikelets, subclavate, fulvous or reddish ciliate along the margins,

A, Trinii, isis Sun Pl. Glum. i. 395; Hack, Androp. in ;

Monogr. Phar 558. Chr ry sopogon serrula tus, Trin. Andro. in

Mém. Acad. Détersb. Sér. vi. ii. (1833) 318; Sp. Gram. Ic. t. 331

Kabanarr Reeion: Bechuanaland; Kuruman, Marloth, 1064; Hopetown

Div. Ae the Orange ce near ** Saltpan Station,’ Burchell, 2655!

Also India ; the typical form which differs in the upper glume being

covered ‘for more or less of its length with long, usually rigid rufous hairs, is only

known from Southern India

Marloth’s — was deavtias as var. y simplicior of A. Trinii by Hac

lc, 559; but ue nnot see how it differs from reeds which Hackel pero on

typical A, Trin

Subgenus 7. Dicuantaium (Hack.). Racemes digitate, rarely solitary or

panicled ; joints many, linear, opaque or translucent along the middle line,

icels mi Lo pods

rarely long. ower glume ee very iomt Phi min wes truncate,

2-keeled ; upper keeled, awnless, Lower valve hyaline, rag bay erveless ; v0

very narrow, gradually pussing into the awn. Pale 0 (in the African species),

rarely present, very small. Pedicelled spikelets wee S ithe ed, awnless,

350 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

16. A. annulatus (Forsk. Fl. Aigypt. Arab. 173) ; ——

ceespitose ; stem erect or ascending, simple, rarely with 1-2 flowering

branches from the upper nodes, 3 ft. long ; sheaths terete or obscurely

keeled above, tight, glabrous except the bearded nodes, margins

sometimes ciliate above ; ligules 1-2 lin. long, obtuse, "glabrous ;

blades linear, tapering to a long fine point, 2-10 in n. by 2-3 lin,

rigid, glaucous, scabrid, glabrous or with tubercle-based hats Tacemes

ong

pedicels about half the length of the spikelets, ciliate ; all sessile

spikelets 3, or the lowest one like the pedicelled and ¢; ¢ spike-

lets oblong, 13-22 lin. long, callus cae appest lower glume very obtuse,

concave, usually more or less hairy all over the back, with tuberele-

based hairs, intracarinal nerves 5-9, nwa below the tip, keels

spinulously ciliate ; upper lanceolate : lower valve as long as the

form, awn slender, sia 8-12 lin. long 5 pedice elled pnieaiois hairy

all over, flatter than the a fe er glume usually long, ciliate ail

along the margins, TAL. rved ; valves more or less reduced, 0 or the

upper or both supp me Vilile, Fl. Egypte, t. 7, fig. 2; Hae

Androp. in han. vi. 570; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vil

gr. vi

196. A. Bladhii, Retz. Obs, ii. 27; Kunth, Enum. i. 498 ; Trin.

Spec. Gram. t. 325. A. comosus, » Lain, Hort. Berol. i. 239, not

Spreng. A. garipensis, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 379. teaeneen

annulata, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 98.

anid Reaion: Little Namaqualand; Verleptpram on the Orange River,

Dré

redas a Calvinia Div.; Hantam Mountains, Meyer. ‘

HARI R a ieee Herbert Div., at Blaauwbosch Drift

on the Vaal ae Bereke ll, 1748

Throughout the — of the Old World.

bgenus 8. HetTeRopogon (Endl.). ee solitary, subcylindric, ——

rhachis fragile or tong in the lower part; joints n sng: opaque, the lo

glabrous, the upper ciliate, obliquely ene, owe 15 age “spikelets

like the pedicelled, f or barren, awnless, very different hes the rest w are ?

or g, subcylindric and awned. Lower ‘glume involute ; upper pi los mare Of

less keeled, awnless. Lower valve oblong to linear, hyaline, ie upper

ne a fe iline at the base, gradually passing into the aw Pale minute

i: rain linear-oblong to oblong. viet cm) spikelets esti imbricate and

the upper concealing the fruiting spikelet

17, A. contortus (Linn. Spec. Plant. 1045); perennial; culms

erect, stout, simple, or branched from the upper nodes, often sheathed

all alon ng, 1-3 ft. long ; sheaths compressed, keeled, glabrous ; ligules

short, truncate, ciliolate ; blades linear, acute or tapering to a long,

fine point, Be: 8 in. by ve 3 lin., aad or “ae: rigid, eR §

especially bape sparingly hairy at the base all over; racemes

13-3 in. long, straight or curved, Thnchis se between the lowest

2-6 pairs, the: fori 20 of which are ¢ and like the pedicelled of

the upper pairs, joints very short, isieanaty bearded ; _ gree

lets of the heter romorphous pairs 9 3-31 lin. long,

long, rufous-bearded ; lower glume linear-oblong, Seaoats, ae

Andropogon. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 351

hairy, obscurely nerved ; “upper etait nai 3-nerved ; awn stout,

7 i

glabrous, or hirsute with tubercle-based hairs, many-nerved, keels

unequally winged; upper 3-nerved; lower valve minute, upper

suppressed ; anthers 12 lin. long. Lamk. Iilustr. t. 840; All. Fl.

Pedem. ii. 260, #. 91, fig. 4; Kunth, Enum. i. 486; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum. 1. 367 ; Baker, Fl, Maurit. 444; Hack. Androp. in DU. Monogr.

Phan. vi. 585, and in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App.iii.11; Hook. f. Fl.

Brit. Ind. vii. 199. Heteropogon hirtus, Pers. Syn. i. 533. H. glaber,

Pers. l.c. ; Beauv. Agrost. 134, t. 23, fig. 8. H. eontortus, Roem. and

Schult. Syst. ii, 836 ; Nees, Fl. Afr. "Austr. 101. H. Allionii, Roem.

and Schult. l.c. 835 ; ” Reichenb. Icon. Fl. Germ. i. t. 53, fig. 1496-7.

SourH ArFxica: without precise locality, Drége, 2041

Coast Recion: Swellendam Div., Mund. versie Div.; Great Vals

River, Burchell, 6536! between Zoetemelks River and Little Vet River,

Burchell, 6839! George Div.; Outeniqua isiaka nd, near Roodemur, 2000-

- yd pt ge! Knysna Div. ; : *Pletten Berg Bay, Drége (ex Nees). Uitenhage

elds near the Zwartkops River, Ecklon and Zeyher, 185! Port

Blatt ‘iy ; Port os ae oe , 120! Alexa sings Div. ; North of

e Zuur Berg " Range, 2500-3000 Dré Fort Beaufor iv.; near Fort

Bena, Ecklor and Zeyher ! MeN Res Div. ; “Winter in near Philipp-

ston

ENT sie ‘Reeron: Prince Albert Div.; Great Zwarte Bergen, near Klaar-

stroom, 3000-4000 ft., Drege. Aberdeen Div.; Camdeboo Mountain, ¢

0 ft., Drége. Somerset Div.; Klein Bruintjes ‘Hoogte, 3000-4000 ft., Drége !

Graaff Reinet Div.; on stony hills near Graaff Reinet, 2600 ft., insti, 460!

Albert roe 3 without precise co han a 1366 ! ;

Kat RI Reoion: Griqualand West; Hay Div., Asbestos Mountains,

Burchell, * 304 46! Orange 7 State; near inburg, Peckio an, 233!

Cal n River, Burke! ‘Vransvaal ; Pretoria, at Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann,

Eas RN Reeion: Tembuland; Bazeia, Bawr, 2000-2500 ft., 318! Natal;

Port Natal, _?- Harvey ey! ! Umsinga and base of the Biggars Berg, Bachna,

91! Delagoa Bay, Forbes

bedoae regions =a a oi generally.

Subgenus 9, CymBopogon (Hack.). Racemes 2-nate often divaricate or deflexed,

both seat or shortly peduncied, or one sessile and the other so cled, terminat.

ing a common peduncle, which is more or — eathed bya r spathe ; J

few or many, dorsally convex, eden or clav 4, tive es pk anainaee or ¢ ae

with toothed margins, pedicels very similar. owest 1 or several sessile sikelets

of one or of both racemes like the pedicelled in form eto ile gor as the

others Sor?. spikelets ray to manana dor ce com pressed 0 subesli

aly __

rely d.

nerveless ; upper —— narrow, '2-toothe d or ra-obedy suben nearly

S lef mg

lum

g branches from the axis of spathiform, bladeless or almost bladeless

sheaths surety of ae leaves, arranged in spurious panicles

18. A. N ey (Linn. Sp. Plant. 1046) var. marginatus

(Hack. Androp. in DC. Mon nogr. Phan. vi. 606); perennial, —

tufted, peubvieioe shoots intravaginal ; culms slender, erect, 1-2) ft

long, glabrous, smooth, simple and 1-2-noded below the spurious

panicle, longest internode 6-8 in., rarely up to 1 ft. long; leaves mainly

352 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

crowded near the base, sheaths tight, glabrous except the oe

which are fugaciously hairy to o tomentose at the e very base and 2-

long, very firm and persistent, the upper 1-2 much shorter than ihe

internodes ; ligules very firm, rounded, up to 1 lin. long; blades

narrow, linea , very oe , tapering to a fine point, 4 in. to almost 1 ft.

by 1-22 , flat, rigid, “glabrous, margins scabrid; panicles more or

nae compo spathaceous, u usually narrow, 4-8 in. long; racemes

4-3 in. long, finally deflexed or horizontally spreading, subtended by

Satie boat-shaped, many-nerved, scarious, often reddish spathes

$—]2 in. long, on slender common peduncles, which are 4—8 in. long ;

joints and “pedicels linear, slender, about 1 lin. long, densely

hairy along the margins, tips cupular, irregularly toothed ; spikelets

f the lowest pair of the sessile raceme ¢ like the pedicelled,

23-3 lin. long, reddish above; lower glume sub-chartaceous,

minntely 2-toothed or subaeute; dorsally flattened or slightly

depressed, glabrous, keels widened above into narrow or broad,

often serrulate, scarious wings, intra carinal nerves 2-4, unequal,

evanescent below, callus short, minutely bearded; upper glume

lanceolate, acute or mucronate, l-nerved, glabrous, keel narrowly

inged ; valves hyaline, the lower lanceolate- linear, 14-2 lin. long,

ciliate ; upper linear, very narrow, bifid, 11-12 lin. long, 1-nerved,

lobes fine, ciliate, awn slender, 6—7 lin long, kneed at or below the

on glabrous below ; ae 0; guthers 1 ree at : A pen a lin.

0; pale 0. Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. ii i, 11; Dur and f

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 718. = Schvenanthus, Thunb. Prod. 20;

Lin

1829, 472. A. peendo- hirtus, Steud. le. 471. A. Iwarancusa, Nees

Fl. Afr. Austr. 117; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 388 (earanc)

not Biane. Trachypogon Schenanthus, Nees in Linnea, vii. 281.

Var. £, prolixus (Stapf); culms 3-4 ft. long, slender, 3-noded, internodes

very long, the longest frequently over 1-11 ft. long; lowest sheaths 3 -1 ft.

ng, ra in.

long ; ligule in. long, rarely less, sometimes up to 8 lin. long ; blades 1-2 ft

lin., often very rigid ; spu panicles, narrow, usually more com

pound and more contracted than in the preceding variety, 3-6 in. long, bao

st more or less distant flowering branch iio it, joints aan "pedicels usually less

a liry

Var -% ong eer culms 4-7 ft. long, stout, 4-5-noded, internodes

often 1 ft. lon lower sheaths 3-1 ft. long; ligules 2-3 lin. long;

So up to 2 ft. : rte atl si panicle narrow, much more compound than in

he first variety, de ensely or 3-1 ft. long, witha distant flowering branch

faa w it; proper spathes 7-9 lin. long; spikelets 22 ~21 lin. lon

The African specimens of A. Ses us havea peculiar facies which distinguishes

them in bse cases from the En which include the type. It is mainly “due

the le sewn structure of the panicle and the, on the whole, slightly ing

po neering The lower glumes a the g spiel of re “Ind ian varieties hav

= ping | 1-2 shallow pits on the back, a peculiarity which I have never ob: f

e African material. The 3 varieties deseri ibed” above are very d aifonent

Andropogon. | GRAMINES (Stapf). 353

extreme forms are compared; they seem, however, so closely linked by inter-

mediate states, that I cannot separate them specifica cally,

Sourn Arrica: without precise locality, Var. 8, Drége, 4354! Var. y,

800 !

Ast Reeion: Var.a: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Milne, 240! Devils

Mountain, Ecklon, ! near Cape Town, Burchell, 470! Cape Flats, near

Rondebosch, Burchell, 200! Simon = Bay, Wright! MacGillivray, 402! Orange

loof, Dodd, 2219! 2959! top of Kloof between Millers Point and Smith-

Winkel, Dodd, 2974! Low hills South of Kommetje, Dodd, 1571! wae

: d. 37 :

ile, Dodd, 2071! Tokay Plantation, Dodd, 377! Worcester Div.; Dutoit

Kloof, t., Drége ! Caledon ; Nieuw Kloof, Houw Hoek Mountain,

Burchell, 8054! Riversdale Diy.; near the Zoetemelks , Burchell, 6692/1!

h Div. ; Port ‘elizabeth, e S. A He rb, Hg Bathurst Div. ; between Port

Alfred and Kaftir Drift, Burchell, 3845! Reg nk moist _ ces on mountains

near Grahamstown, ft., WacOiwa 1G! ad. without precise locality,

Atherstone, 51! Fort oe Div. ; Niet one Veli. near Bok Poort, 3500-4500 ft.,

ége,700! Catheart D 4 Waniscgels ers 4000 ft., Baur, 14!

CENTRAL REGION: ok Aliwal North Div.; between Krai River and

crags Zeyher ! Var. B: sr aiies North Div. (?); by the Orange oe

6000 ft.

Katanari Reaion: Var. 8: an Free State, Cooper, 1065!

Eastern Rucion: Var. 8: Natal; Riet Vlei, 5000 ‘3 bgeney ie 230!

Umpumulo, Buchanan pate bige: ars Berg, Rehmann, 7108! Var. 7: Na tal 5 near

Durban, Williamson, 52! in damp places througho ut the a Krauss, 87!

Inanda, at Um tamtootu, Wood, 1622! Pieterma ritzburg, atin, 7600!

Var. 8 occurs also in Tropical Transvaal.

19. A. plurinodis (Stapf); perennial, — tufted ; innova-

tion shoots intravaginal ; culms slender, erect, 1-3 ft. long , glabrous,

smooth, simple below, 4-6- (rarely 3-) n eae longest internode

10 i rarely longer ; sheaths tight, shorter than the inter-

nodes except the lowermost, which are fugaciously hairy to tomentose

at the very base, 11-3 in. long, firm and persistent, the upper

usually much shorter; ligules firm, very short, up to 1 lin. long,

rounded ; blades very narrow, linear, filiform or setaceous in the

upper part, 4—8 in, by 3-12 lin., flat or partly folded, rather rigid

below, flexuous above, glabrous, glaucous, margins seabrid ; panicles

acuminate, many-nerved, searious, reddish spathes, 3-11 in. long ;

joints and. pedicels linear, slender, 1-12 lin. long, densely hairy along

the margins, tips eupular, irregularly toothed ; spikelets of the lowest

pair of the sessile raceme alike, ¢, the sessile of all the other pairs

g, ee E aaipey ose spikelets very narrow, lanceolate, acute,

3 lin ; lower glume chartaceous, acute or 2-toothed, more or less

ate re the keels which are rounded and smooth near the

base, obscurely winged and scabrid towards the reddish or purplish

tips, intracarinal nerves 2-5, the middle one or all evanescent below ;

Upper glume subchartaceous, ee, acute, 1-nerved, glabrous ;

valves hyaline; lower linear, 2-23 lin. long, ciliate; upper r slightly

paren _linear-oblong to linear, “deeply bifid, lobes —

354 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

subulate, awn slender, 5-8 lin. long, kneed at or below the middle ;

pale 0; anthers 1+ lin. long ; i pedicelled spikelets dorsally depressed,

lanceolate, acuminate, a 31 lin. long, purplish; lower glume man

nerved, keels scabrid ; r 3— B-nerved, with or without a eae

keel ; ‘lower valve ok Regine 23 lin, long, 2- nerved, ciliate ;

upper and pale

Coast REGION: Fort Beaufort Div.; Kat River, Baur / Queenstown Div.;

Imvani River, Bawr,7

CENTRAL ReGion: Giraaft Reinet he near Graaff Reinet, 4000 ft., Bolus,

243! Albert Div., Cooper, 1363! 3369

ALAHARI ReGIon: Griqualand vik Herbert Div.; between Spruigstang

and the Vaal River, Burchell, 1709/2! Hay Div.; near Klip Fontein, Burchell,

i H

2166! and at fee a Town, Burchell, 1862! Crange Free State ; betwe n Harri-

smith and e, Buchanan, 207 ! cpig wre: between Kosi Fontein and

Knegts Fon bur chell, 260L! and at be ery, near Kuruman, Burchell,

meer ‘ransvaa, ar Lydenbu urg, pa

Nat r Colenso, on the ae River,*Rehmann,

758! poling =a pone 7112! Mooi River, Wood, 4318!

Not unlike meagre specimens ar A, ie rdus, var. ae es but cag minis)

y the more numerous nodes, very narrow leaves, anicles, narrower,

asually d distinetly concave lower igen to the g mikes eis sree, pedicelled

spike

20. A. ig amie aeigal ves 1046) var. versicolor (Hack.

Andr, in DC, Monogr, Phan 10) ; perennial, frequently with ex-

herbaceous or ie lowermost fir rmer and sometimes green itle

2-3 in. long; upper shorter than the internodes ; ligules very short,

ada blades ts to linear-lanceolate from a ‘broader rounded

ft. b

pairs at oe vedicelled 333 fest nme deee ae. lin. long,

often variegated ; lower glume subacute or obscurely 2-toothed,

long, 2-nerved, ciliate ; wyper scarcely shorter, very narrow, linear,

deeply bifid, lobes very fine, a n 5-7 lin. long, slender, bent just below

the middle, glabrous te the bend ; pale. 0; anthers 1 lin. long;

Andropogon. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf), 355

pedicelled spikelets oblong; subacute, 2 lin. long; lower glume

9-11-nerved, upper 3-ne ved ; lower valve oblong, almost equalling

the glumes, 2-nerved, rita and pale 0; anthers 12 lin. long.

ia 722. A. co

16.

and i, versicolor, Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. i. 388. A, foliatus, Steud.

le. 889. A. Scheenanthus, Baker FL Maurit, 446. Gymnanthelia

connata, Aschers. and Schweinf. in ’ Schweinf. Ee Fil. Aeth. 310,

South AFRICA: i Bee locality, mba? pe Zeyher, 1798!

riqualan

Katauanrt Reeion: Gri d West ; y t Klip Fontein, Burchell,

165! Orange ives e edon River, Ay ! inburg,

Buchanan, 5! Bloemfontein, Rehma 729! nee d; between

i Fontein and Kn Fontein, Burchell, 2602! Transva ; Johannesburg,

S.C.A. Herb. 311! Apies River, Nelson, 70*! Houtbosch, eae 5682 !

EASTERN REGION: Gri ast ; okst

= near Licata a Tyson, 3121! Natal; common on the

plains between og hmanns Rend and the Drakensberg nee. Krauss, 26!

asia 2400 fi ie 231!

Also in the was oe Islands and in India.

The specimens from Bloemfontein and Johannesburg have very narrow lea

and meagre inflorescence ces, like those of var. c@sius i. ckel) ; be ih pci Be Gan

only as slight variations due to a particularly dry habitat. Hackel in rec es also

the Aetnt form, which is a more robust plant hacia longer and much broader

s and large i

blade 1 ore compound panicles, from “ ia.” I een it

xtra-tropical South Africa, unles: cimen, co y Buchanan, 13

n part, on the Natal Coast is referable to it. A specimen, collected by Fleck at

Rehoboth, Great Nam qualand is referred by Hackel « oiss. 1¥

App. iii. 12) to A. “ Schenanthus, sens. ampl.”? ‘Thunberg enumerates

Schenanthus in Prod. Pl. Cap. 2U and in Fl. Cap. ed. i and ed. Schult. 108,

Nees refers i h Twarancusa which . Nardus var. marginatus. There

Is, however, no such plant in Thunberg’s Cape collection o far as [ have it ;

but the localities given by Thun nberg i his Flora Capensi, om Lange Kloof

and Kromme River, render it very probable that Nees was right

A. hirtus (Linn. Sp. Plant. 1046) ; perennial, tufted ; inno-

ies shoots mostly intravaginal; culms erect, rather slender,

1-3 ft. long, glabrous, simple or more or less branched and 3-6- noded

below the panicle, longest internode generally less than +4 ft. long;

sheaths tight, glabrous, the lowest crowded, Secs rrp firm,

panicle spathaceous, lax, contracted, sometimes eduntd pA a ie

simple oo 4 to more than ft. long ; racemes $—1} lin. long,

Tarely ‘eat peduncles, which are 1-3 lin. long, and more or less

w finely a

Scantily hairy reddish spathes ; joints filiform, obliquely truncate, up

to 2 lin, long, densely ciliate, pedicels very es often produced. (in

the South African species) into a linear or su appendage facing

the upper glume ; spikelets of the lowest pair of ie sessile raceme

pe ae

356 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

alike, @, the sessile of all the other pairs 3, the pedicelled 6; ¢

spikelets linear-oblong, 2-3 lin. long, pale or purplish ; lower glume

chartaceous, minutely truneate, dorsally flattened, villous, “keels

mucronate, 3-nerved, margins ciliate, keel hirsute above ; lower

valve hyaline, linear- oblong, obtuse, faintly 2-nerved, s softly ciliate ;

gee spikelets lanceolate, 23-3 lin. long; lower

baceous, 7~—11-nerved, sdineerbatei or shortly awned ; upper lanceolate-

spe ‘acute, 3- nerved, softly ciliate ; lower valve as in the 3 spike-

lets, put 1-3-nerved ; upper linear, ciliate, nerveless, usually much

shorter than the lower or obsolete. Thunb. Prodr. 20; FI. Cap. ed.

Schult. 108 ; Host, Gram. Austr. iv. t. 1; eon, Enum. ii. 7499 ;

Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. fig. 1498; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 110;

Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 459 ; Steud Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 384 ; Hack.

Androp. in DC. Monogr. Pint: . 618, and in n Bull. Her rb. Boiss

pubescens, Vis. in Flora, 1829, i. Erg. Bl. 3; Fl. Dalm. t. ii. fig.

2; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 111. Sei hirtus, Nees, Agrost. Bras.

346. Heter ime hirtus and H. pubescens, Anderss, in Schwein.

Beitr. #1. Aeth

Var. 8, podotrichus ies lie, 620 in oa a culms 3-4 ft. long, rather

slender ; an | internode over 2 ft. long; blades 8 in. to almost 2 ft. by 2 lin.

gules

ligules lin. Jong; panicle 1-12 ft. long, the pre branches babi stant

common peduncles always with long ‘uberele ee hairs near the c A.

richus, Hochst. ex Steud. Syn py . 384. to cshanes r podotricha,

cu in Schweinf. Beitr. Fi. vn

SoutH inlet without a ey ; Var. 8, Drége, 4345!

Coast Reeion: Cape Div. Cape Town, Thunberg { Eck klon,

87! ghee 7! at the foot of Table Mountain and Devils Mountain, below

2 L AB

Lwartkops River, Ecklon and Zeyher, 485! Alban ny Div.; mountain pides near

Grahamstown, MacOw 94! King Williamstown Div. ; hepereen Yellow-

saa ver and Zandplaat, 1000-2000 ft.,

0 rege

CENTRAL ReGion: Graatf Reinet Heda a ill-sides, near Graaff Rei oe ,

00 ra Div. ; without asain pares Cooper, 337

5000-600

the R rt.»

I 1 Region: Griqualand West; Hay Div., at Kili cid. Burchell,

2! Doorn River, Burchell, 213 6/1! and at sd ou own, Bur chell, 1887 !

Orange Free per Bloemfontein, Rehmann, 3735! Reheanaland 5 aageoner

xt the Moshowa ae “Burchel, 2316! Transvaa oseh

on Lessity << Blands: River | and Klippan, Rehmar 110!

RN Reeion: Natal; without precise raed Gerrard, 670! 674! 41.0.

B: Natal - pum malo, 20 00-2500 00 ft., Buchanan! Riet Viei, 6000 ft., Buchanan -

iggars ehmann, 7120! 1712! Park Kop, Rehmann, 7668! and ’ without

precise a Buchanan, 62!

The hg ery form very common eeaua the Mediterranean region ; Vat. B

through East Africa to Abyssinia,

vee) GRAMINE sl ). 357

aetiry Feed in the ‘Ca as well] as = Meili tceeinien countries ; but they do

not differ = alage fram it, when clude ther m from tite var. podotric er

podotri

22. A. auctus (Stapf) ; SS culms erect, robust, up to

2 lin, thick, 3-5 ft. long, glabrous, simple or more or less branched

and 3—-5-noded below the panicle, ‘longest internode over + ft. long ;

sheaths tight, glabrous or hairy, the “lowest crowded, compressed,

A. hirtus, except for the pedicelled spikelets having a muticous

lower glume and subequal valves.

Coast Reaion: Uiten a A Div.; Ecklon and Zeyher, 626! Queenstown

Div.; near Shiloh, 3500 ft., r, 897!

‘ KALAHARI Raion: un Tre State; Thaba Unchu, Burke, 427! Zeyher,

7991

Eas Reeion : Griqualand ea grassy slopes near Clydesdale, 2500 ft.,

Tyaon, ‘3105 ! Natal; Riet Vlei, 6000 ft., Buchanan, 222!

23. A. Schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii.

66); perennial (always?); culms erect, sometimes geniculate,

stout, up to 5 ft. long, glabrous, up to 7-noded ; te quite

obtuse, scario n. long; blades linear, wri to a long

ne , +1} ft 37 lin., subrigid to almost flaccid, flat,

glabrous, rarely scantily hirsute near the base, shat at least up-

wards, margins seabrid to subspinulous; panicle large, oblong to

ovate, lax, decompound, up to 11 ft. long; spathes lanceolate,

acuminate, narrow or broad, 1-14 in. long, scarious, reddish ;

common peduncles filiform, glabrous except the curved tips, whieh

are beset with long yellowish tubercle-based hairs = aartee in

ong, mals : lower glume Saas to almost inete ben sian

minutely truncate, dorsally flattened, glabrous or more or less

villous, intracarinal nerves 5, some ai least evanescent below, keels

Spinulous ciliate above, salle bearded ; upper membranous, 0 obtuse,

raceintey nerves ceutwid near the tip; lower valve oblong, obtuse,

faintly ie ae ciliate; upper shortly 2-fid, I-nerved, lobes

KY. LE-¢4, KO Treg. Oh. W763

358 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

oblong, obtuse, subglabrous, awn about 10-15 lin. (rarely 2-2} in.

long, t pubes cent and kneed below the middle; pale 0; anthers 1 lin

long ; jedinatled spikelets lanceolate, usually pale, 24-4 lin. long,

glabrous or hairy; lower glume subherbaceous, acutely actiminate,

9-11-nerved, often with a terminal bristle (up to 22 lin. long), keels

spinulous ciliate; upper cuspidate, 3-nerved, ciliat ate; lower valve

linear-oblong, obtuse, equalling the clumes, 1-3-nerved ; upper

narrow, linear-euneate, 1-3 lin. long, l-nerved; anthers 14-2 lin.

long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1. 384 ; Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr.

Phan. vi. We (in part); Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 721.

(in part). A. formosus, Klotzsch ex Hack.l.ec. A. giganteus, Hort. ex

ack. le. Hyparrhenia Schimpert, yar eal in Schweinf. Beitr.

th, 300.

HAstERN Reeion: Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, hag F

rather variable plant, extending throughout East Afric to epee

Gerrard’s —— represents a : ust state vith hairy cpikalats like those of

Schimper’s no. 897 (coll. 1853) a ara on 1863-8), and with long-aristulate

dé spikelets as in Schimper’s no. 1052 ( 38).

24. A. pai Kunth, Enum. i. 492) ; perennial; culms erect,

stout, 3-8 ft. long, glabrous, 5-T7-noded below the panicle ; sheaths

quite g hi ats (in the South African species) or hairy along the upper

margins, terete, shorter than the internodes (except the lowest) ;

ligules rounded, 1-2: lin. long, sometimes with hairs from

behind ; blades linear from a narro w base, long tapering to a fine

point, = 25 ft. by 2-6 lin., flat, rigid, erect, glabrous, more or less

scabrid, margins very rough, midrib stout, white above; panicle

usually large ‘and much branched, lax, oblong, contracted or rather

ope ae sometimes to 2 ft. long ; spathes very narrow, linear-

lanceolate to linear, tinely ees 12-2 in. long, glabrous, scarious,

re eddish, erect or spreadin common eduncles wis filiform,

exserted ; racemes slender, 3—] in. long, not spreading, often droop-

ing ; aby 6-10, filiform, “obliquely truncate, up to 1 lin. long,

shortly and densely ciliate, lower hairs white, upper reddish ;

mee very similar; al the sessile spikelets ¢, or sometimes the

lowest of the sessile raceme like the pedicelled ¢ or the latter some-

times barren; 3% spikelets linear-oblong, 2-21 lin. long, yellowish ot

reddish ; lowe er glume subchartaceous, minu utely truncate, dorsa lly

flattened, glabrous or shia with short rather rigid fulvous oF

ferruginous hairs or subvillous, intracarinal nerves about 9,

evanescent below, eallus shortly bearded, wei rigidly ciliate above ;

upper glume membranous, obtuse, 3-nerved; lower valve oblong,

obtuse, “iliate, faintly 2-nerved; upper reid bifid, 1-nerved, lobes

oblong, ciliate, awn $—1 in. long, bent at the middle, pubescent below

the bench anthers: 1 lin. long; pedicelled spikelets laneeolate-

linear, 23—22 lin. long, reddish or purplish, glabrous or pubescent to

villous ; lower glume subherbaceous, acute, 7-nerved, keels rigidly

ciliolate ; upper acute "3. nerved, ciliate; lower valve oblong, sub-

Andropogon. } GRAMINE® (Stapf). 359

acute, 1} lin. long, 1-sub-3-nerved ; upper narrow, linear, 1-nerved

ciliate or both valves more or less reduced or the upper quite sup-

pressed. Hack, Androp, in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 621; Nye? JS

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.72]. A. Sulvicomus, Hochst. ex A, Rich.

Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii, 463. A. altissimus, Hochst. in Flora, is4l, 217. A,

hirtus, Baker, Fl. Maurit, 446. Hyparrhenia fulvicoma, dindewa

in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aeth. 310.

— Region: Zululand; moist places near Inyezaan River, Wood, -

Throughout tropical Africa and the Mascarenes; also in Brazil.

25. A. dregeanus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 112); perennial, eom-

pactly tufted; culms erect, rather slender, 3—4 ft. long, glabrous,

shining, about 5-noded below the panicle; sheaths of innovation

shoots « compressed, fugaciously tomentose at the base, sheaths of the

culms terete, quite glabrous or the uppermost scantily hairy, smooth ;

ligules obtuse, up to 27 lin. long, hairy behind ; blades linear from a

lanceolate, one ab ut 13 in. long, searious, reddish; common

peduncles finely filiform, long exserted, glabrous except the strongly

curved or curled tips, which are densely beset with long spreading,

yellowish, tuberele-based hairs; racemes 1—] in. long, lax, scarcely

spreading ; joints 5-10, filiform, obliquely truncate, up to 1} lin.

long, shortly ciliate ; pedicels very similar; spikelets of the lowest

pair of the sessile raceme alike, ¢, the os =sile of all the other pairs

» the pedicelled ¢ or wie with stamens and an apparently

perfeet pistil; sessile ¢ spikelets linear- einen 2 lin, long, pur-

dmg pale below; lower glume subehartaceous above, membranous

hear the base, ‘minutely truneate, dorsally flattened, glabrous

shortly bifid, I-nerved, lobes oblong, obtuse, ciliate, awn about

6-8 lin. long, very slender, pubescent and kneed below the middle ;

pale ovate, obtuse, i lin. long; anthers $ lin. long; pedicellate

' spikelets oblong- linear, 21 lin, long, dull purplish, glabrous or hairy ;

ower glume subherbaceous, acute, 9-Ll-nerved; upper very acute,

3- nerved, long ciliate ; lower valve linear- ari taeh obtuse, equalling

the glumes, Scare d; upper 4-1 shorter, spathulate-linear from an

extremely fine base, sub- l-nerved ; anthers more than I lin. lo g. A.

Schimperi, Hack. Androp. in DC. Mon nogr. Phan. vi. 623, and

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 721 (in part).

Eastern Recion: Transkei; between the Kei River and Gekau (Geua or

Pg River), 1000-2000 ft., Drége! Natal; between Umtata esha! St. Johns

iver, Drége, between Dest atk River and Umkomanzi River, Drége, and

Griffins Hill at Kastcourt, Rehmann, 7310!

360 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [Andropogon

A, Schimperi, to which Hackel age A. dvegeanus, is a wore robust plant,

having much Lott pe more compound panicles, shorter, less curved common

peduncles, which a ually not egee at all, and more conspicuously nerved

and setulously ¢ iliate. ‘ane glum The pla ant “totsinted me sii y from

Abyssinia as A. dregeanus is also distinet from Nees’ A. d

26. A. dichroos (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 389); perennial ; culms

rather slender, erect, over 2 ft. long, pee terete, 4-5-noded and

simple below the panicle ; sheaths terete or slightly keeled in the

upper part, tight, glabrous, shorter than the internodes, except the

hairy at the base, seabrid below and Jae the margins, nae

reddish; panicle oblong, about 1 ft. long, lax ; spathes very narrow,

lanceolate, acuminate, 13-2 in. long, obliquely ereet or divaricate,

reddish, glabrous or spreadingly hairy, se anne below ; common

peduncles filiform, more or less curved at the upper end or at length

strict, shortly exserted from near the tip of the spathe or shortly

exceeding it, with long spreading tubercle-based hairs below the tip ;

racemes 4— 10 in. long, at length horizontally spreading or deflexe

on vey short hirsute peduncles, falling together from the tip of the

common peduncle, joints 2-5, filiform, ‘obliquely truneate, 13 lin. long,

, the pedicelled barren; 3 spikelets gk termenecr 2 lin. long,

pale ; ; lower glume subchartaeeous above, membranous towards the

base, truncate, or minutely 2-toothed, "dorsally Rational: scantily

pubescent to almost villous, with whitish or above with reddish hairs,

intracarinal nerves 5-7, erancueit below, keels rigidly ciliate —

callus shortly bearded ; upper glume rigidly membranous, obtuse 3

nerved, ciliate above ; ‘lower valve oblong, truncate, faintly ncieel.

ciliate ; upper shortly 2-toothed, glabrous, awn slender, ! 3—] in, long,

rufously hirsute; lower glume acuminate, sometimes mucronate,

9-ll-nerved, upper 3-nerved, ciliate above; valves 0 or the lower

broadly oblong, up to = lin. long, ciliate ‘tid the pea reduced to a

long ; pedicelled spikelets linear-lanceolate, up to 2% lin. long,

microscopic cate scale. Hack. And dr. in DC. Monogr. Phan. V1.

622; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 710. yr bicolor, Nees, *

FI. Afr. Anitr, 113, not Roxb.

Eas _ sie Natal; between St. Johns aa and Umtsikaba River,

1000-2000 , Drege, 43 37! enue 2000 ft., Buchanan! Biggars Bergen,

Rehmann, nii6! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 303!

27. A. cymbarius (Linn. Mant. ii, 303, not Hack.) ; ager

culms erect, usually from a very s slender and sometimes eit

base, 3-6 ft. or more long, often rooting from the lower nodes

glabrous, 6-10-noded, simple or branched; sheaths rindebiek pent

hirsute with tubercle-based hairs or villous at the nodes, terete oF

Andropogon. | GRAMINES (Stapf). 361

keeled in the upper part, the lowest whitish, withering or ‘thrown

narrow base, long tapering to a fine point, 2 to over 13 ft. by 3-6 lin.,

rarely narrower, rigid to subflaccid, flat, glabrous or subhirsute

at the base from tubercle-based hairs, scaberulous or smooth

scarious, often brilliantly red or purple,

glabrous; common ‘peduncles filiform, enclosed, spreadingly hirsute

above ; racemes usually half exserted from the middle of the spathe

and at a right angle to it, 21-43 lin. long, dense, subcontiguous,

subsessile with a tuft of long rigid yellowish hairs at the base of the

lower, joints 1-3, filiform, truncate, 2 3 lin. long, ciliate, pedicels very

similar, the terminal up to 1 lin. long; spikelets of the lowest pair

co)

—

i=]

far)

p wer glume thinly chartaceous, minutely truncate,

dorsally disttaxad, subglabrous or pubescent, intracarinal nerves 3-5,

mostly evanescent below the tip, keels spinulously ciliate above, callus

very short, bearded; upper glume membranous, obtuse, 3-nerved,

nerves scabrid or ciliate above ; lower valve linear-oblong, truncate,

obscurely 2-nerved or nerveless, subglabrous ; upper minutely

2-toothed, almost reduced toa r eddish fine geniculate awn, 5-10 lin.

long ; pale 0; stamens up to 1 lin. long ; pedicelled spikelets oblong-

lanceolate to oblong, 2-3 lin. long, pale to deep reddish, anne or

pubescent; lower glume subherba pinines acutely acuminate, 7—9-

nerved, keels spinulously eiliate; upper acute, 3-nerved, ciliate |

lower valve oblong, obtuse, up to 12 lin. long, faintly 1-sub-3- ee

upper linear to cuneate-linear, 1 lin. long or reduced, or 0; an nthers

to 1 lin, ae if — Spreng. in Mém. Acad. Péterab ii. (1810),

305, Cymbopogon elegans, Spreng. Pug. Pi. Nov. ii. 14; Roem.

§ Schult Sq st. 11.833, Anthesteria cymbaria, 4 rin. piston in Mém.

. sér. vi. ii, (1833), 323, not Roxb. Anthistiria

oo Anderss. in Peters, Reise Mossamb. ii. "562

lax or r very lax, narrow ; 2 ae each ered acuminate, 9-12 lin. long, awn

8-10 lin. long. A. lepidus, Nees, Fl. ‘Ajr. Aust.113. A. lepidus var. typicus Ss (in

part), and var. umbrosus and intonsus, Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan.

vi. 625; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.v.716. A. ised, Nees, l.c. 114,

A. umbrosus, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. sig ii. 467. Hyparrhenia ‘umbrosa,

Anderss. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aeth. ;

OUTH AFRICA: without precise bali Var. 8, Drége, 4360!

Eastern KeGion: Natal; Umpumulo, Buchanan, 228 ! pakaw Berg Range,

at Lain Ck, mann, 6 : ae V 304! and without precise

locality, Cooper, 3346! Var. B doland; between ns River an

Umtsikaba Rive 5 2000 ft., Drége ! Na t tween Umzimkulu River and

manera River, below 500 ft., Drége ’ between Umtentu River and Umzim-

pnd ége! and Umpumulo, Buchanan, 229! Zululand; Entumeni,

ood, Eb s

362 GRAMINE& (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

typical form is common he East Africa as far as Abyssinia, and in

he oo Islands,—the var. lep also occurs in Be gee ain and Abyssinia,

and is perhaps only a starved ants ti narrow leaves and spat

Koenig’s specimen from which Linnzeus described the species was most probably

Sige ga ea er plants in Koenig’s herbarium in the Mascarene Islands. There

s also a specimen in Kottler’s herbarium without any ge of locality. The

plant is not preety from India. A. cymbarius, Hack, l.c. 629, is quite a different

28. A. Buchananii pee ae Snir 0 ; culms erect, slender,

over 2 ft. long, glabrous ; sheaths (of the upper aga which alone

are irae) terete, strongly aie, glabrous ; ligules membranous,

up to 14 lin. long, glabrous ; bla linear, acute, in

2 sessile spikelets (or lowest 1 in the subsessile raceme) ¢, similar to

the barren pedicelled gan all the other sessile apikelas ¢3 ;

¢ spikelets oblong-linear, 2-22 lin. eo callus acute, 3-3 1

long, beard dense, white ; lower glume ‘subehartaceous, pee

densely pany sa a TE in the upper part, hairs rigid, reddish,

up to lin. long, intracarinal nerves about 5-7, evanescent

below ; ne membranous, truncate, 8-nerved, reversely ciliate ;

lower valve linear-oblong, 11-12 lin. long, ciliate, faintly

large upper linear, shortly bifid, awn about 13 in. long,

ta i

n ve the e, rufous-hairy below the bend, scabrid

above; pale 0; anthers 1 lin. long; ¢@ sessile spikelets limear-

lanceolate, subacute, 3 lin. long, rufous-hairy; lower glu

to the g, but narrower and smaller; upper valve minute or

anthers 0 or rudimentary.

EastERN REGION: Natal; Umpumulo, 2000-2500 ft., Buchanan!

29. A. filipendulus (Hochst. in Flora, 1846, 115); perennial

(always?) ; culms erect, slender, 2-10 ft. long, glabrous, more or less

branched ; branches erect, intravaginal, leafy ; sheaths terete, sub-

earinate above, tight or ultimately slipping from the culm, awe

or the lower sparingly hairy; ligules membranous, truncate, about

1 lin. long; blades linear, tapering to an acute, often very fine point,

Aidropogon. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 363

1-2 ft. by 3-3 lin, flat or subconvolute, glabrous, rarely sparingly

ft.

slender, unequally peduncled (the longer peduncle 2-5 long,

glabrous or hairy), 5-6 lin. long; joints filiform, up to ¢ lin. long,

sessile spikelets 2 in the lower, 3 in the upper raceme, in both only

e upper one @, the others ¢ like the pedicelled spikelets ;

spikelets oblong-linear, 2-21 lin. long, pale, tips reddish, callus fine,

acute, up to 1 lin. long, densely bearded ; lower glume ——

truncate, glabrous or more or less hairy, intracarinal nerves about 5

linear, aimetsaly 2- bathed, passing into a awn, 13- 2 in in, long,

rufous-hispidulous below ; pale 0 ; anthers 7. lin. long Ee spikelets

lanceolate to linear, geste 21-31 lin. long, dull ee

valves oblong, obtuse, lower eas upper nerveless Ss, up to in

long. A flipendulus 0 var. calvescens, "Hack. Androp. in DC na

Phan. vi. 635; Durand etna pe Fl. Afr. v. 712. A. fili-

ssc tag Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 389.

Eastern on: Natal; heen de colony, Krauss, 28! near Durban

sey, ’ poe T6s. partly! Umpumulo, common, 2000-2500 ft., Buchanan,

Also in tropical Africa and Ceylon, and in a somewhat different form in

Australia

Hoch peeves s var. pilosus (l.c.) is based on Krauss, 164; but what I have seen

under this number, is — like 28. Hackel describes, how ever, A. filipendulus

byinede pilcene as having 2 ¢ — in the long-peduncled raceme ; | Swe: not seen

any such specimen trom Atr

30. A. transvaalensis (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted ; culms erect,

vss sorte simple, slender, over ong, terete, glabrous,

5-noded below the panicle; sheaths tight, glabrous, the lower firm,

short, persistent, keeled above, fugaciously and adpressedly hairy,

the upper much shorter than the internodes; ligules membranous,

rounded, up to 1 lin. long ; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a long

taceous point, up to 1 ft. by 12 lin., flat or convolute above, rigid,

acute, 2-22 in. i creat reddish es peduncles filiform,

exserted near the tip of the soa, the pale ft part flexuous,

364 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

al in. long, pubescent and bearded with long tubercle-based hairs,

membranous appendage, facing the upper glume; sessile spikelets

2-4 in each raceme, g with the exception of the lowest, which is ¢

like the pedicelled; g spikelets linear-oblong, 2 lin. long, purple,

hairy, callus acute, bearded, up to 2 lin. long ; “low wer glume sub-

chartaceous, truncate, dorsally flattened, sometimes shallowly pitted,

equalling the glumes, linear, obtuse, sub-2-nerved, scantily ciliate ;

upper shortly 2-lobed, ciliate, 3-nerved near the base, awn about 1 in.

long, slender, pubescent and kneed below the middle ; pale 0;

spikelets narrowly lanceolate, up to 3-3} lin. long, muticous, hairy

or lowest eal 7-9-nerved, keels scantily and rigidly ciliate

above ; upper hairy or glabro ous, long ciliate ; valves almost

equalling the pm ciliate, lower 3-, upper l-nerve

p oe Reeion: Transvaal; Johannesburg, common, “eae Herb.,

Ol !

Intermediate between A. dregeanus and A. filipendulus.

31. A. prghons (Stapf); perennial; culms erect, somewhat

stout, 2-2) ft. long, glabrous, 4~5-noded, with intravaginal erect

leaty flowering branches throughout ; sheaths terete, loose, thin, the

lowest’ withering away, alabrous ; ‘ligules rounded, ee

about 1 lin. long; blades ee _— known) linear, tapering alm

from the rounded base, 1 ft. by 2 lin., ereet, subrizid, arene

scabrid in the upper part ; panicle very narrow, stiff, over 1 1 it. long ;

common zee finely filiform, strict, exserted 1-14 in. from the

tip of the spathe, pubescent with long fine white tubercle-based

hairs in the upper part; racemes slender, contiguous, usually held

ape by the onyhi roe ing awns, about | in. long, one su sanyo

not pitted, hairs up to more than 1 lin. long ; upper phe me state

3-nerved, hairy above; lower valve equalling the glumes, linear,

obtuse, nerveless, ciliate; upper linear, 1% lin. long, 2-tooth sub-

glabrous, awn stout, about 11 in. long, column rufous-pu ubescent,

Andropogon. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 365

Katanarr Reeion : Transvaal; Krans Kop or Modimulle, near the Nylstroom

River, Nelson, 15*!

. A. Ruprechti (Hack. Androp. in DC. Monogr. Phan.

vi. 645); perennial, densely tufted; culms erect, stout, up to

upper part, otherwise terete ; ligules membranous, obtuse, up to 11

lin. long ; blades narrow, linear from a narrow base, tapering to a fine

point, 3-1 ft. by 11-22 lin., flat or revolute along the margins, rigid,

spathes very narrow, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 13-2 in. long, sub-

Searlous to almost herbaceous, pale-reddish or greenish, usually

glabrous except the hispidulous tips, the lower oblong, 2-euspidate

(points up to 1} lin. long), finely channelled, ineonspicuously

8-10-nerved, margins implicate near the tips, otherwise involute ;

upper glume lanceolate-oblong, sub-5-nerved ; lower valve linear,

obtuse, 23 lin. long, 2-nerved, scantily ciliate ; upper slightly shorter,

stipitiform, obscurely 2-toothed, hyaline and 3-nerved at the base,

awn 2-3 in. long, bent near the middle, rufous-pubescent below

the bend; pale 0; hers : :

linear-lanceolate, about 5 lin, long

Subherbaceous, acute or in the upper spikelets narrowed into a

_ Scabrid bristle (up to 2 lin, long), 7-1l-nerved, keels spinulously

Ciliate ; upper glume 3-nerved, ciliate; valves subequal, 5-nerved,

366 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Andropogon.

ciliate ; anthers 2 lin. long. A. anthesterioides, Rupr. ex Galeotti in

Bull. Ac. Brux, ix. 245, not Hochst. A. macrolepis, Hack. l.c. 646,

and Durand & Schinz, Consp. ee Afr. v.717, in part. Hyparrhenia

see Fourn, Pl. Mex

Katanarl Reeion: Transvaal; Dorum (Doorn?) River, Cave Mountains,

N oy 10*! Pretoria, at Wonde rboom Poort, Rehmann, 4488!

Also in tropical Africa, Madagascar and Mexico.

Enorgaie sa Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 11) ae ig macrolepis ali the

A. macrolepis, as ais lly descri eh by ckel, is, how an

ba ar aes longer spikelets and a dages, know onl from i sland

Central Africa ; Barter 1s plant re re Hackel tod. pthc is A, Rupre

so are all other specimens of this little group which I have seen pis

tropical Africa

XI. ANTHISTIRIA, Linn. f.

Spikelets heteromorphous, 2-nate, clustered on the articulate fragile

rhachis of short solitary racemes, subtended by proper spathes an

crowded i in vaseted fascicles ; lowest 2 pairs 0 of each raeeme closely

approximate, ¢ or barren, ‘awnless, sessile or subsessile, usually

persistent, forming a spurious tetramerous whorl op ~

1-3 pairs, each of which consists of a sessile ¢ and

pedicelled ¢ hale, the latter very much resembling those of his

involucre. Florets 2, the lower reduced to an empty valve, the upper

$ in the sessile upper spikelets, ¢ in the involucral and pedicelled

spikelets or these more or less reduced and barren. ¢ spikelets:

Glumes equal or subequal, lower usually coriaceous, at length

hyaline base a gna 0 awn, very rarely linear and awnless.

Pale obsolete or 0. Lo 2, cuneate, glabrous. Stamens 3

Stigmas iaterslly or econ exserted. Grain linear-obovate,

biconvex, with 2 grooves on the anterior side. Jnvolucral and

TT spikelets Glumes equal or subequal, lower herbaceous,

dorsally flattened, 2-keeled, many-nerved, upper membranous, lanceo-

late, acute, 3-nerved, ea ciliate. Lower valve hyaline 1-nerve d

or like the upper suppre

Usually perennial, tall, stout; blades long, narrow; i —— one-

half or more of the culm; spathes cymbiform, keeled, many-ner

Species about 10, in the tropical and subtropieal regions of the old World.

Perennial ; involucral spikelets 4-6 lin. long; their lower

glume glabrous or beset in the — eit with short A

tubercle- based hairs .. (1) imberbis.

Annual; involucral spikelets 3-3k lin long ; their lower

glume beset along the | rani flexares with lane bristles

springing from coarse tubere .. (2) ciliata.

imberbis (Retz, Obs. iii. ee adie au sation

innovation shoots intravaginal ; culms erect or geniculate an

Anthistiria.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 367

ascending, 1-3 ft. long, rather slender, glabrous, simple or branched ;

sheaths compressed, keeled, firm, glabrous or the lower sometimes

hairy and bearded at the nodes, exceeding the internodes, except the

upper; ligules membranous, very short, obtuse or pag aes ciliolate ;

blades linear, long ae: to a fine point, 2-8 in. by 1-2) lin.,

solitary or the upper 2 2 Eis filiform, Bai ie bearing eatiali.

satin, sually dense, ae of racemes ; spathes lanceolate, obtusely

scuntnate, about 1 i . long, rarely longer, pn bearded at the

labrous or aioe greenish or reddish; racemes 6-9 lin. long;

a hole spikelets whorled sessile, ser Diy lanceolate, acute or

acuminate, 33-5 lin. long, rarely longer, glabrous or with scattered

short tubercle-based hairs, ¢ ; their lower glume not or ver

obscurely winged on one side only; lower valve generally present ;

puidiecliod spikelets linear-lanceolate, glabrous, on short glabrous or

subglabrous pedicels; ¢ spikelet 1, not exserted from the involucre,

linear- oblong, subcylindric, 23-33 lin, long, callus pungent,up to 12 lin.

long, glabrous in front, ot therwise densely earded with shining

and shining except the rigidly pubescent or scabrid tip, obscurely

7—9-nerved, upper glabrous ; lower valve glabrous, somewhat shorter

Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 562 ; eee v. ie Trans. Linn. Soc, xxix

176, not Linn. f. A. ciliata, var. B, Nees in Linnea, vii. 285.

ciliata, vars. hispida and ciliata, Nees, FL “4 ifr. Austr. 121. A. arguens,

Nees, lc. 124, not Willd. A. vulgaris, Haek. in Engl. §& Prantl.

at. Pflanzenf. ii, Abt. ii. 29. Stipa arguens, Thunb. Prodr. 20.

Themeda rigs Be wars. vulgaris, imberbis and ack,

Anurop. in DO, pol . Phan. vi. 660-662 ; Durand s Schind,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v

Var. 8, mollicoma fs ee leaves, spathes and involucral spikelets more or

less densely “villous with long soft often pape based hairs, otherwise like the

type. A. ciliata y mollicoma, Nees, Austr.121. Themeda Forskalii,

var, oh Hack, l.c. 661; Durand S Schine, hx 730.

Var. y, argentea ba leaves silvery with soft closely given hairs ;

spathes and oe spikelets glabrous or scantily hairy. argente a, Nees,

le. raat meda Forskalii, var. argentea, Hack. lc. 661; Durand i i Schinz,

Var 3, pong hag At ) 5 panicle laxer than in the type ; spathes rather longer

(often up to 2 i 3 tascicles of 2-3 racemes only; involucral spikelets

4-6 lin, = labrous or slau. Themeda Forskalii, var. Burchellii, Hack.

lc. 661; Durand § Schinz, lc. 730.

Soutu is RICA: sets apg Rcsee Shunbery | ! Zeyher, 4487! Ecklon,

2) Bergius! Mund § Mai y, 284 !

oast Region : Clsawitiom Div, cals ae and on the Konde Paes

near Wupperthal, 3000-4000 ft., Drege! Cape between Cape Tow and

Table Mountain, Burchell, at “Lions Rump Caran 127! Devils P Peak, bel

368 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [Anthistiria.

Blockhouse, Dodd, 2749! Lion Mountain, over Sea Point, Dodd, 1609! Kastocls

Poort, Dodd, 1365! Tokay spo: rte 1964! Simons Bay, Wright!

2000-3 fc, ersdale Div.

var

eo Mou

81! 82! Lowe r Albany; Glenfilling, =n “Y000 ft., a Var. y

hage Div. ; nied Coega River and Sunday River, Drég

CENTRAL ReGion: Albert Div. ; Cooper, ie Aberdeen ~ ; Camdeboo

Mountain, 3000-5000 ft., Drege! Graaff Reinet Div.; near Graaff gree

4 ft., Drége, at 2700 ft., Bo ed o8! Sneeuw Berg i ge,

5000 ft., Drége! Aliwal mea Div. ; Witte Bergen, 7000-8000, ‘ovine tee i

Aliwal North Div. (?); by th slap Tan 5000-6000 ft., Zeyher! Var

Colesberg Div.; near Coesberg, Shaw

KataHARI ReGion: r. B: Get Mae West; fields to the north

of Kimberley, Nelson, ort Transvaal ; Wonderfontein, Nelson, 1*!| Umb-

lenga’s Kraal, Cave Mountains, Nelson, 56*! i and West;

a iv., b en Kloo lage and Witte abit, Burchell,

ry iw Griquatown, Burchell, 1844! and at Do iver, Burchell, 2136/2!

range Free e; by the ner 2 ke — 197! by the Caledon River

rooeno ediate between var. 6 a e), Burke, 423! and without precise

a ality, Cooper, 915! Hutton! =a ott Bosch Veld, between Elands River an

Klippan, Rehmann, 5108! 5353 ! Paid Lydenbur: g, Atherstone! by the Nylstroom

River at ay Drift, — 40*

Eastern Ree@ion: Tembula i Bazeia, 2000-2500 ft., Baur, 369! 275!

Pon alan ai between Umtata River and St. Johns River, Drage : Natal ; bank of

the Tugela River (a form beet ree ho leaves), tian 227! between

Umzimku tal; Ina

Rehmann, 8244! Var. ie eemat oh 2000 ft. ge os betwen var 6 and

var, €), Buchan nan, 226!

Durand & Schinz, le. 731, indicate also ‘ ee Posten var.

ack.,’’ from Bechuanaland (Marloth, 995) and from the Cape Colony (arto,

). Lhave not seen those x a but I suspect, they represent merely a

usually glaucous state of A. imberbis

e species ranges th jaan idee. tropics of the Old World. In the western

parts of the Cape hae » it covers vast tracts of land at low or high altitudes.

suberect, occupying }—3 of the culm, usually rather dense, compound ;

lower branches actitars or 2-3-nate, filiform, glabrous, undivided

often to the middle, then bearing, at equal distances, usually shortly

peduneled dense clusters of racemes; spathes linear to su te

from a broad lanceolate base, 2-1 in. long, glabrous or with scattered

ee SSS es a a

Anthistiria.] GRAMINE® (Stapf), 369

tuberele-based bristles; racemes 4-51 lin. long, erect; involucral

spikelets whorled, sessile, persistent, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,

acute or acuminate 21-32 lin. long, reddish, barren or imperfectly

with stiff bristles which spring from large tubercles, otherwise

glabrous; lower valve generally present ; pedicelled spikelets narrow,

» Jig. :

1. 481; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 401; Baker, Fl. Maurit. 448;

Hook. f. Fl. Brit, Ind. vii. 213. A. scandens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.

Curey, i. 248; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 125. A. — Nees, l.c.

Themeda ciliata, Hack. Andr ‘op. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 664

Coast Rea@ron: Cape Town, in gardens (evidently introduced), ts 1990!

A native of India, introduced elsewhere.

XII. PASPALUM, Linn.

Spikelets orbicular to oblong, obtuse, rarely acute or acuminate

falling entire from the very short or obscure pedicels, secund an

cay with a seiaciciviag pale, upper floret 3. papi glume

(oceasionally present and small in P. Digitaria), upper mem branous,

]

nerve, rarely nerveless. Valves equal or subequal, lower resembling

the upper glume, usually 3-5-, rarely 7-nerved, with the side-nerves

curved, dlase, § mostly submarginal and distant from the middle-nerve,

when present, upper chartaceous to subcoriaceous, faintly 5-7-nerved.

Pale subequal to and of the same texture as the valve, 2-nerved.

Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, slender; stigmas

laterally exserted near the tip of the floret. Graz m tightly. enclosed

by the slightly hardened valve and pale, domaly subcompressed ;

ilum basal, punctiform ; embryo less than half the length of the

grain.

Pe whe nial or annual, of various oy false spikes solitary, 2-nate, digitate

panic led ; pedicels y usually ve ery short and adnate to the dilated rhachis ; S ikelecs

imbricate or contiguous , rarely distant, "pei or sometimes 2-nate.

Species over 150, with very few exceptions, natives of the New World.

The shcary has been divided — 3-7 distinct sections by different ae aners.

The South African species belong to the section ifitaing en aes which is charac

arta having the lower valve, “Which j is usually very flat, turned away ~

VOL, VII. B b

370 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Paspalum.

Culms usually erect, fuscicled on a short ees spikelet

broadly-elliptic to “orbicular, obtuse or subobtuse "ay scrobiculatum.

Culms ascending from a creeping base ; spikelets acute or

acutely acuminate :

Blades 1-3 lin. broad, flat ; lateral false spikes sessile

or subsessile ; spikelets ovate- oblong, acute (2) Digitaria.

ppl 4-14 lin. broad, involute to subulate; false

spikes peduncled, articulate on ba he of the culm;

spikelets oblong, acute to acumir . (3) distichum.

P. scrobiculatum (Linn. Mant. 29); perennial; culms

fascicled on a very short premorse rhizome, innovation shoots few,

usually intravaginal ; culmserect, rarely ascending from a prostrate, root-

ing base, 1 to several feet long , usually sheathed throughout, glabrous ;

leaves glabrous or more or less softly hairy ; sheaths lax, rather thin,

short, almost ee ay stg coe 2-, ie tar pe Re imbri-

cate, broadly elliptic to orbieular, obtuse, 1-13 lin. long, glabrous ;

lower glume 0, upper convex, $-7-nerved ; lower valve flat, often

arginal nerves 2 on each side, very close ; upper valve a ee

brown, shining ; flaps, of pale auricled; anthers over 3 long.

Fluegge, G ram. Mono ogr. 86; Trin. Pan. ‘Gen. 56, ind in Mém. Acad.

: 3 TE: : : n

i, 53; Sé end. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 21; Baker 2 Fi. Maurit. 432 ;

Durand f Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 738; Hook. er “¢ Bu. Ind.

vii. 10. P. Commersonii, Lamk. Illustr. i. ind 2, AB, He Ae

Kora, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 332. P. dissectum, Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 15,

not Agrost. Bras. nor Linn. P. mauritanicum, Nees ex Steud, Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 26 (?).

Coast Reaion: Uitenhage Div.; by the Zwartkops River, below 100 ft,

Drége! Bathurst Div. ; by the Fish River, near Aisi satan Drift, below 500 ft.,

Drége. ae Div.; 3 near the Kei River Dre

A atal; in gi by the * mnlasi oie —_ 147! in

grassy plains between Durban Bay an Ace dlazi River, Kra 04! common

beser Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Buchanan, 184! and without precise o eoality, Gerrard,

Common a ge cae the Y Baty of the Old World.

_ Digitaria (Poir. Encycl. Suppl. iv. 316); perennial; culms

ascending from a creeping, often rooting and branching long base,

many-noded, sheathed thropghout ; leave numerous, distichous,

imbricate ; sheaths compressed, keeled, striate, thin, pale, glabrous

except the finely ciliate upper margins, rather loose ; ligales m em-

branous, short, truneate ; blades linear, acute 2-6 in. y 1-3 lin.,

spreading, flat, rarely involute, glabrous or eos hairy towards the

Ise spikes usually 2 (rarely 3 or = hae pee or sub-

/ Y, ” ‘fe

wt A Ane veh ff.

{ f

{

Paspalum.| GRAMINER (Stapf). 371

scabrid ; pedicels very short, stout, scabrid ; spikelets solitary, rarely

2-nate, ovate- -oblong, acute, 1-12 lin. ong, subimbricate, adpressed

to the ‘rhachis, green ; lower glume 0 or more or less developed, very

rounded to lanceolate ; upper glume convex, usually pubescent, 5- to

sub-7-nerved ; lower valve usually 3-nerved, rarely with 1-2 additional

side-nerves, middle- -nerve percurrent ; pale minute or 0; upper

valve subcoriaceous, 5-nerved, smooth ; pale not auricled ; anthers

4 lin. long. Gray, Man. = Un. tat. ed. v. 645. P. michauxia-

num, Kunth, Rev. Gram. i. 25. P. Elliottii, Wats. in Gray, Man.

Fl. Un. Stat. ed. vi. 629. “p paspaloides, Scribn. in Mem. Torr

Bot. Club. v. 29. Digitaria paspalodes, Mich. Fi. Bor. Amer. i. 46 ;

Duby, Bot, Gall. i, 501.

Coast REGion: Cape ; roadside between High Constantia and Nek,

Dod, 2477! near Piece Station, Dod, 2381!

f American origin, introduced into Southern Europe, India, Australia and

es Zealand, but very rare

3. P. distichum (Linn. Amoen. Acad. v. 391) ; perennial ; culms

fte ng

base, many-noded, sheathed throughout ; leaves numerous, distichous,

imbricate below, sheaths thin, pale, glabrous except the often bearded

mouth, the lower at length loose ; ; ligules very short, truncate, with

fine hairs from behind ; blades linear, acute, 2-4 in. by 3-12 lin

spreading, involute, rarely flat, g abrous ; false mikes 2-nate, both

peduncled ae articulate on the top of the culm, rarely 3-nate, often

spreading, rhachis herbaceous, 3 lin. broad, margins scabrid ; spikelets

subsessile, solitary, oblong, acute to acuminate, 1-2 lin. long, dorsally

flattened, imbricate and “adpressed to the rhachis, glabrous, pale ;

lower glume 0 ; upper slightly convex, 5- or 4-nerved (middle-nerve

suppressed), side-nerves close, submarginal ; lower valve very like the

glume, middle-nerve always percurrent, side. -nerves 2-3 on each

side, submarginal; upper valve distinctly shorter, subcoriaceous,

5-nerved, smooth, pale; pale obscurely ghiges nthers 3 tog

long; grain 2 lin. ong. Burm. Fl. Ind. 2

t. 80; Kunth, Enum. i. 52; Steud. Syn. Pl. ie. i. 39. Barts

Fl. Maurit. 431 ; ; Durand & ’ Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 737 ; Hook.

f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 12. P. littorale, R. Br. Prodr. 188 ; Trin. Diss.

i, 95; Spec. Gram. Ie. t. 112; Kunth, lec. 51. P. "Tongifloru m,

Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 46, t. 85 ,fig.2 2, not Baker nor Durand & Schinz.

P. vaginatum, Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 21, not Beauv. ; Trin.

Diss. i. 94; Spec. Gram. Ic. t. 120; Kunth, l.c. 52; Steud. Le. 20.

P. ¢ squamatum, Steud. l.e. 21. i canal paspaloides var. longipes,

Lge. in Wilik. & Lge. Prodr. Fl. Hisp. i. 45.

nanum (Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras, II. ii. 75); 2-3 in. high; bla

elt Hgin n. long ; racemes fan lin. hag: on very slender ouduacdels spikelets

i=]

PE ie : Var. 8: Cape Div.; shore at Camps Bay, Dod, 2343

Bb2

372 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Paspalum.

Eastern Region: Natal; coast marshes, Buchanan, 84! and without precise

peatty, Gerrard, 590!

The typical ay is fea 9 ei signi the tropics and introduc ed

into North- narked dwarf variety, is otherwise

known only ig A ene enth: sree i

XIII. DIGITARIA, Rich.

Spikelets lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, flat in front, convex on the

back, falling entire from the pedicels, usually 2—3-nate and pedicelled

on the + triquetrous or dilated rhachis of very slender and usually

sale racemes or false spikes; lower floret barren reduced to the

a very minute rudimentary pale, upper floret ¢. Glwmes

Mes dissimilar, the lower usualiy hyaline, minute or sometimes quite

suppressed, the upper membranous, half as long to as long as the ¢

floret, rarely exceeding it or less than half its length, 3-, rarely 1- or

5-nerved or nerveless.. Valves equal or subequal, lower resembling

exserted near the tip of the floret. Grain tightly vig Ce by a

slightly hardened rigid valve and pale, oblong, slightly orsally co

pressed ; hilum basal, punctiform ; embryo less than 4 a size of the

in.

Perennial or annual; blades linear to ee Pizeree td flat, often

paper dest membranous; racemes sessile, digitate or less distant on

a com n axis, or ae or rarely peduncled, and sii, slap or —

ea is tri i

; $ unequal,

= rai rom hall as we as to ret than the spikelet ; spikelets closely

adpressed and imbricate, see A ax bps lax, usually silky, though often

ae glabrous in con oe e of ‘ge ex tremely fin fine hairs being very tightly

adpressed and arranged in lines reread the nerves, rarely really glabrous.

Species over 50, mostly in the warm parts of the Old World; 1 widely spread

as a oid all over the oe sen the arctic region

Section 1. ie pas Aaa apf). Racemes dense

with extremely fin

spreading silky es oe at haeg upper

glume usually 5- or 3-nerved; lower valve 7-,

rarely 5- or 9-nerv.

Racemes_ solitary, dense ; oe and hae

densely villous (1) monodactyla.

uae inet we to many, digitate, “subdigitate’ or more

on a long common axi

* Ure me ume and ioe valve more or less silky,

pit imes paint sae bes abrons

Racemes very slender, 2— hinats, oft so closely

conti si de as pe imitate onue: —

often compound at the base .. (2) argyrograpta.

Digitaria. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf).

Racemes never contiguous, except in a very

young state, quite simple :

Perennial :

Culms rather stout, 14-3 ft. long ; lowest

sheaths tomentose + oo ery base;

des 4-1 ft. by 1-2

Culms ea slender, ik io ng; ‘sheaths

iin abrous ; blades tetaceous, = to 2-6 in,

spikelets i lin. long ; pedicels angular,

Pedicels short y hairy near the tips;

pikelets p Mors silky with clavate

nas in very slender long rac

aso Fecha us; hairs of wplkalabe

per, “glume long acuminate, con

ously exceeding the upper

Upper glume shorter than the upper

alve:

Spikelets #-1 lin. long, a oblong ;

; lower

valve very gegen on

Spikelets 1-1} lin. long, oblong;

glume Tix ag Ere

ant inner lateral nerv of the

pre — —— distant from

e mi

Spikelets Bar lin, allie terete,

ace — Fn racemes exX-

mely slender se

td Spike ate ‘ght upper g

-3-nerved ; lower valve 7- tic

Section 2. Serariopsis (Stapf). Racemes simple,

sev many on a ong. ew rhachis, setose ;

ikelets surrounded by stiff hairs — Fen tip of

€ pedicel ; lower ines: 0, = or 0;

lower valve 3-nerved or almost nerv sis ‘

Section 3. i apps (Stapf). Racemes usually

rather und near the base, and

whorled on a Jong common axis, sor rp subdigitate

trichole

(D. noides) or truly ed (D. )s

spikelets 14-24 oy long, doasely silky, villous with

often purplish hairs conniving i brush-

like point.

see ~ in or —— subdigitate; spikelets

cemes peduncled in ‘a » scantily branched ‘Panicle

spikelets 14-2 lin. long

tion shoots int th de edie er, sare 1- iy ft ‘tt

ravagi ce ms very <

simple ; leaves ero

t, glabrous or a hairy, the lower tom,

; sheaths v

persistent, at deo sometimes breaking u

(3) eriantha.

(4) setifolia,

(5) ternata.

(6) debilis.

(7) horizontalis.

(8) sanguinalis,

. (10) tenuiflora.

373

(9) diversinervis.

.. (11) diagonalis,

(12) tricholenoides.

’ (13) flaccida.

’

to fibres ; ligules very

374 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Digitaria.

short, truncate ; blades setaeeously convolute, filiform, 2-4 in. long,

rather r rigid or ‘fle uous, glabrous or seantily hairy, smooth ; raceme

spikelike, solitary, terminal on the long exserted culm, very slender,

23-5 in. long; rhachis wavy, very narrow, ciliate, midrib obtuse,

superposed ones distant almost by their own length, oblong-lanceo-

late, up to 12 lin. long, with silky and ad pressed hairs ; lower glume

0, upper linear-oblong, 3 to almost in, long, long and densely

ciliate, 3-2-nerved ; lower valve oblong- lanapolate, wiles minate, up

to 12 lin. long, 5_7-nerved, densely and long ciliate, particularly

along the marginal nerves ; upper subchartaceous, ovate-lanceolate,

subacuminate, 1 lin. long, smooth, brown; flaps ale very broa

below, aie Lid anthers } lin. long. eons monodactylum,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. Fea Syn. Pl. Glum. . 56; Durand §

Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr.

Coast Ree@ion : Alexandria she ae, many hills near Ado, Eckior

tL Reeion: Aliwal North Div.; at the ey of the Witte Bergen,

between Leeuwen Spruit and _ beg: 5000 ft., Dré

1 Region: Orange Free State; Drakens ae Range, near Har

smith, i, 121! = Buchanan, 234! Sentral Apies ave,

Nelson, 102* !

2. D. Sass orgie (Stapf); perennial; culms erect or ascend-

ing from a short premorse rhizome, very slender, 1-1} ft. long,

ay Nag much branched near or above the base from usually swollen

nodes, or simple and 1—3-noded near the base ; leaves mostly crowded

at the base of the branches or of the culms ; sheaths glabrous or

scantily hairy, or the lowest rong tomentose at the v ery base

and i dn or withering ; ligules very short, truncate ; blades

near the base; rhachis very slender, more or less wavy, t sa agr

angles not winged, smooth or scantily scabrid; pedicels 2-nate, finely

filiform, angular, scabrid, glabrous, unequal, the longer 14 to 2 lin

long, adpressed or spreading ; spikelets oblong, acute, 1-1} lin. long,

acute, very closely and prominently 7—9-ner d, more or less silky

0 @ margins Fp pits 1 or 2 ~ of the side-nerves, hairs

short or long as in the er glume; upper valve subchartaceous,

greenish, ae Retry slightly shorter than the lower ; : Serie 1 lin.

long. Paniewm argyrograptum, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 27; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 40. P. earch ast ee Hack. in

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

Digitaria.) GRAMINE (Stapf). 375

Ast ReGion ; Uitenhage Div. ; in a i of the eee River, Ecklon.

King Williamstown sig ; Amatola Mou 8, i chano

KaLAHARI REGION range Free rast D onctittate Drift on the

Caledon River, 4000 ft., Ze her, 1790! Burke, 208 | Jackals Fontein, Zeyher,

1791! Burke, 24! betw een Kimberley and Bloer cies Buchanan, 278!

Nees describes the lower valve as 5-nerved; his is probably due = an

oversight, some of the side-nerves being often fon the silky tomentu

3. D. eriantha (Steud. in Flora, ics 468) ; perennial, densely

tufted ; rhizome short, deal i ; culms erect or ene e, rather

shorter than the internodes, the low west more or less _hirsute-

hyaline between the more or less produced margins of the sheath-

mouth, 11-4 lin. long; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, 1-1 ft

lon by 1-2 lin., or the lowest so much shorter, flat or with

the margins revolute, rigid, rarely flaccid, glaucous, glabrous or

scantily hirsute at the base, margins scabrid above ; racemes 4 to many,

subdigitate, slender, erect or suberect, 4-8 in. long, strict or flexuous ;

rhachis very slender, triquetrous, a angles scarcely winged, scabrid,

internodes up to 1 lin. long, rarely longer ; ; pedicels 2 nate. filiform,

scabrid, unequal, the longer 1 lin., ravely 12 lin. long ; spikelets

oblong- or ovate- lanceolate, 11-12 lin long, subadpressed, pale green,

often silvery ; lower glume membranous, “ovate, acute or obtuse, up

to + lin. long, nerveless ; upper lanceolate, acute, about 1 lin. long,

d-nerved, with 4 lines of very fine, usually ad pressed, long silky

upper subehartaceous, oblong, shortly acuminate, 3-nerved, dull-

green ; anthers 3 lin, long. -anicum commutatum, Nees in Linnea,

vii. 274; Fi. Afr. Austr. 25 (excl. most synonyms), not Nees in

Wight g Arn. Glum. Ind. aes ined. No. 3; Durand & Schinz,

ae - Afr. v. 743 (in part).

- B, stolonifera (Stapf) ; ne out long or short rooting runners,

alae ng slender ; blades 1— ayy eS by —14 lin. ; racemes very slender ; spikelets

smaller than in the type, 1-14 lin

SoutH ete without precise ae Drége, 4207! Zeyher, 1792!

Coast Region : Uitenh age Div.; by the Zw — River, Drége/ between

Coega Riv !

Alexandria Div. ; oe nies near Ado, Ecklon. Bathisek Div.; Port Alfred,

Hutton ! Albany y places near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan,

1290! King Williamstown Div ; Yellow Wood River, 1000— 2000 ft., Drége!

Queenstown Div.; between Ker Berg we primes River, Drége

ENTRAL REGION : Prince Albert Div.; Great Zwarte e Bergen, o on cig hills,

2000-3000 ft., Drége. Somerset Div. ; Blyde River, Burchell, 2982 ff

Reinet Div.; on stony hills near Graaff Reinet, 2600 ft., Bolus 684! Ecklon.

Aliwal North Diy. ; between Aliwal North = Kraai River, Drége.

Karanant REGION : Griqualand West ; y Div., between Griquatown and

Witte Watter, Burchell, 1974! Pricska: Dis, ; between Modder Fontein and

376 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Digitaria.

Keikams Poort, gi bara 1612/8! wig Free State ; without re wee

Plant, 62! between Umzimkal a ie i anzi rage oo coast region

near Umpetez oe Sutherland ! ‘Rortinghar, kaon common near

Umpumulo, Buchanan, 208! and without oe gy ‘Gere vard, 467!

Buchanan, 19!

so in tropical Transvaal, and as far as the Zambesi; in a slightly ares

variety in the Mediterranean region fr eval ies to North-west India, A

were distibated by Wight and ake with ues daterminatian as Panicum

n of his P.

tum ; t there is no plant named P. jiliforme in 1 reread herbarium, nor a

specimen vf i adenengee ‘Moreover, as satan refers to Linneus as author,

who had a eric when henigee his P. filiforme, I think

en the + was gr cya in Thunberg’ s Prodromus and Flora Capensis by

D. setifolia (Stapf); perennial, densely czspitose ;

erect, very slender, 1~1 ft. long, glabrous ; leaves glabrous except

the scantily hairy mouth of the sheath or more or less hairy, all

crowded at the base except the uppermost which is reduced to a

very long almost bladeless sheath; basal sheaths rae persistent,

at length breaking up into fies ig be se truncate ;

ee)

™m

_—

ra*)

fas)

—

| edd

—

[=]

—

fas)

valve subchartaceous, oblong, s Saarinen, chestnut-brown except

the hyaline whitish margins ; anthers 3 lin. long.

Coast Rrecion: Albany Div, ; on mountain slopes near Grahamstown,

2000 ft., MacOwan, 1300! : a

297 | ASTERN REGION: Tembuland: moist spots near Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur,

flat, flaceid, peas or eines ite ear the he se; racemes 2-7,

subdigitate, erect or spreading, very slender, strict, 2-12 in. long ;

rhachis very narrow, linear, up to 1 lin, broad, margins scabrid,

Digitaria. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 377

internodes about 14 lin. long; pedicels 2-3-nate unequal, up to

more than 1 lin. long, shortly hairy towards the scarcely thickened

tips ; spikelets adpressed to the rhachis, oblong-elliptic, obtuse or

subobtuse, about 1 lin. long, pale; lower glume 0; upper very

sides densely villous with clavate hairs ;

prominently 5-nerved, very densely and adpressedly silky villous

with clavate hairs, upper chartaceous, ovate-oblong, subacute, dark-

brown to black, except the whitish hyaline margins; anthers 3 lin.

ong. Panicum ternatum, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, i.. Intell. 19;

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 40; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 118 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 766. P. pheeocarpum, var.

gracile, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 23. Cynodon ternatum, A. Rich. Tent.

i Abyss. ii. 405. Paspalum ternatum, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind, vii.

Coast ReEeion: Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, Bawr, 780! f

Eastern REGION: Transkei; near the Gekau (Gcua or Geunu) River, below

1000 ft., Drége ! Natal; near Umpumulo, 2000-2500 ft., Buchanan, 203! 205!

and without precise locality, Buchanan, 77!

Also in Abyssinia and India.

long, glabrous, 5- or more noded, upper node by far the longest ;

leaves glabrous or hairy; sheaths rather thin, striate ; ligules

. 30. ;

dectpiens, Fig. § De Notaris, in Mem. Acc. Torin. sér. ii. xiv. (1853)

359, ¢. 24, “Panicum debile, Desf. Fl. Atlant. i. 59; Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 413; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.v. 746. P. fili-

Sorme, Poir. Voy. en Barb. ii. 93, not Linn. P. reimarivides, Anderss.

in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 547. Paspalum debile, Poir. Eneyel.

Moca (excl. syn.) ; Fluegge, Gram. Monogr. 136; Kunth, Enum.

Eastern Region : Natal; Umpumulo, Buchanan, 202! and without precise

locality, Gerrard, 693 !

378 GkaMIne® (Stapf). [ Digitaria,

Also in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Mediterranean countries, from

Algeria and South Italy to Portugal.

7. D. horizontalis (Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1809, 92); annual;

culms ascending from a geniculate or more or less prostrate, some-

times rooting, branched base, slender, 1 to several ft. long, glabrous,

few to many-noded, upper ‘internode by far the longest; leaves

short; blades linear-lanceolate to linear, acute or gradually tapering

from below the middle, 2-5 in. by 2-4 lin. (in the South ower

selena bah flaccid, hee mere racemes 4- to many, su

often with a seattered stiff long very fine hairs fen the com-

mon axis; rhachis very narrow, usuall: wavy, triquetrous, lateral

angles more or less winged, scabrid, internodes about 14 lin. lon

(in the South African specimens) or longer; pedicels 2- nate, one very

short, the other up to $ lin. long, triquetrons, scabrid ; spikelets ween

spreading ; valves equal or subequal, lower prominently and closely

7-nerved, with lines of extremely fine adpressed silky hairs between

the outer nerves and along the margins or with the marginal hairs

D. seto

? Re

Enum. i. 81; Nees, FI. Afr. Austr. 24 ; Fiek: Wiser fi. 560

Steud. — Pl. Glum. i. 39. P. Hamiltonit, Kunth, Enum.

4, Zeyheri, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 25; Steud. Le. 40 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 767. P. hg atum, ere

ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 361; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 405

Engl. Hochgebirge mh Afr. 117; Durand § pits Le. 7 49. P.

porranthum, Steud. le. 42. P. sanguinale, var. distans, Doell in

Mart. Flor. isk ii. ii. 134, Pp. sanguinale, vars. cognatum and

horizontale, Hack in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. App. ii. 18; Durand §

rt Consp. Pi. Af,’ v. 7635. P. sanguinale, var. fenestratum,

Schweinf. in "Bull. Herb. a ii. App. ii. 18. P, sanguinale, var-

Jjiliforme, Durand & Schin

Py ag REGION Eons oe ed the Bashee apt below 1000 ft

e! Tembul ‘aed Bazeia, 2000 ft., ee Ds tal; near Durban, Drage!

Williamson 27! Um npu umulo, Miche 202 !

Throughout tropical Africa, in the Mascarene tet and tropical America.

8. D. sanguinalis op. Fl. Carn. ed. II. i, 52); annual ; eulms

(Se

ascending from a geniculate or prostrate, often rooting, branched

base, 1 e several ft. long, glabrous, few- to many-noded, upper node

ee ee —$$$——— TR

Digitaria. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 379

by far the ent svar renee or — sheaths thin, herba-

ceous, ane’ ome s bearde e nodes ; ligules truncate, up to

more an _ney se Papas sed te to linear, acute,

1-5 SS (~ 3-4 lin., flat, flaccid, — scabrid ; racemes few to

many, subdigitate, solitary or 2- 3-na on a short | angular scaber-

ulous common axis, erect or alee rather stout for the genus,

usually strict, 1-6 in. long, often finely villous at the base; rhachis

triquetrous, lateral angles winged, scabrid, internodes over 1 lin.

long, pedicels 2-nate, one very short, the ot er up to % lin. long,

triquetrous, scabrid ; ‘spikelets oblong, acute, 1-14 lin. long greenish

the nerves and along the margins, lower valve oblong acute, 7-

nerved, the inner lateral nerves somewhat distant from the middle-

fine adpressed silky hairs along the margins and often also between

the lateral nerves; upper valve subchartaceo ous, oblong, subacuminate

or acute, greenish or purplish, slightly shorter than the lower valve ;

anthers up tot lin. long. Reichb. Icon. Fl. Germ. i. fig. 1407; Johnson

§ Sowerby, Brit. Grass. t.143. D. egyptiaca, Willd. Enum. Hort.

Berol. 1809, 93. Panicum sanguinale, Lin n. Spec. Plant. 57 ; Sehreb.

FP. pe she Jacq. Obs. 18, ¢ “70. Fag az gyptiacum, Retz.

lil. 8; Kunth, Enum. i. po Nees :’ ; — 39. Paspalum

Snguiniie: Lamk. Illustr. i . 176; ook. f. B ” Ind. vii, 18 (in

part). Paspalum cee, Poin fees ycl. ja iv. 314. Syn-

therisma vulgare, Schrad. Fl. Germ. 161.

Soutu Arrica: with out “pang locality, Drége,

Co Reeton: Clanwilliam Div.; Wu tt Wurmb. Cape

gardens near Capetown, Ecklon, 963! Scar maa = Drége. “ "Swllendan

and George District,’ Mund, Knysna Div.; Knysna Forest, E.S. “A. ¥

425! Uitenhage Div. ; in pide Par tans by rhe Zwartkops River,

CentTRaL Region: Graaff Reinet Div.; near Graaff Reinet, in edrevhete

“ASTERN ReEGIo : Natal ; near Durban, Williamson, 1

cf miaee: rahe st West; Hay Div., at cen Town, Burchell,

e no

African ice of this vatiety, ais is a aaa “ y ioe

spreading hairs along the seat of the spikel

380 GRAMINEX (Stapf) [ Digitaria,

longest, long exserted; leaves glabrous or very sparingly hairy ;

sheaths thin, the lower withering ; ligules very short; blades linear-

lanceolate, acute, 1-3 in. by 14-22 lin., flat, flaccid, scaberulous in

the upper ‘part, margins scabrid ; ; Tacemes subdigitate, slender, erect

or spreading, 12 in. long, minutely villous at the insertion;

rhachis very narrow and wavy, triquetrous, angles scabrid, intends

up to 2 lin. long; pedicels 2-nate, one very short, the other up to

lin. long, triquetrous, scaberulous; spikelets oblong, acute,

13 lin. long, greenish, glabrous; glumes thin, lower broadly ovate,

up to % lin. long, l-nery ed or ner rveless, upper ovate, acute, 1 lin.

long, \-sub-3- nerved ; valves equal, lower 7-9-nerved, upper sub-

chartaceous, acuminate, pale to dark-brown. Panicum diversinerve,

Nees, Fil. Afr. Austr. 23; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 40; Durand

& aes or Fil. a Austr v. 748.

tal; voods Durban, Dréye! Plant, 56!

Melon, 10! Sra Fist) pone eal and itiensd precise locality, Gerrard, 695 !

10. D. tenuiflora (Beauv. Agrost. 51); annual or subperennial ;

eulms fascicled, very slender, prostrate and rooting, or ascending ot

suberect, i-41i ft. long, glabrous, many-noded, often branched ;

sheaths rather lax, or the lower more or less hairy, sometimes bearded

at the nodes ; ligules very short, membranous ; blades lanceolate ee

ie acute or es A 2-3 lin, long, sr or purplish ; ower

upper glume, flat, 7-nerved ; upper valve subchartaceous, ovate-

oblong, slightly shorter iyi the lower; flaps of pale overlapping

below ; anthers 2 lin. long. D. Pseudo-Durva, Schlechtend. in

nned, xxvi. 458; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 489.

linearis, Schult. f. Mant. ii. oe not Roem. § Schult. Paspalum

longiflorum, _ Obs. 15 ; Baker, Fl. Maurit. 431 5

8 Fl . .

vii. 17. P. brevifslinm, Fluegge, Orion Monogr. 150; Kunth, ie

i. 48. P. ten uiflorum, R. Br. Prodr.193. P. parvulum, Trin.

Gen. 117, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersh. sér, vi. iii. (1835) 305; Sto.

Syn. Pl. Glum.i. 41. P. Pseudo-Durva, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

Este EGION: Natal; near Durban, Drége, Durban Flat, Buchana”,

oth ! near Us ‘Umnpunel, 1000 ft., Buchanan, 204a! and without precise loc ality

errar

meee the pies of ms Old hada sisen

have not bit able to tind a iowa pe in cleo or the African specimens

{

Digitaria. ] GRAMINER (Stapf). 381

il. PD. diagonalis (Stapf); perennial; culms tufted on a short

premorse rhizome, ‘erect, rather firm, simple, up to more than 3 ft.

long, glabrous or hairy ie the racemes, 1—3-noded, the ogee

internode by far the longest ; leaves mare: crowded near the base

long, obtuse or truncate; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, _

1-1 f 2-4 lin., flat or with involute margins, rigid or almost

flaccid, scabrid, glabrous or softly hairy; racemes 5- to many,

solitary or fascicled on a seabrid or hirsute angular common rhachis

of variable length (the cone inflorescence 1-1 ft. long), slender,

striet or flexuous, erect or more or less spreading, 2-5 in. long, villous

at the base; thachis sa icrasein) wavy, very narrow, angular,

angles rigidly ins internodes up to 12 lin. long; spikelets in

fascicles of 3-6, oblong, obtuse to subacute, 1-12 lin. long, pedicels

40; Lngl Hochge birgef. Trop. Afr. 117: Durand f oa

Con nsp. Fl. Afr. v. 746. P. uniglume, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, i.

Intell. 19 (name only) ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 370. P. densi-

glume, Steud. l.c. 41 (by err

Coast Reaion: Albany Div.; near Grahamstown, 1800-2000 ft., MacOwan !

EASTERN REGION: Pondoland ; between Umtata River and St. Johns River,

* ri

sae Central and East pee to the Nile region and Abyssinia.

12. D. tricholenoides (Stapf); perennial; rhizome short, oblique,

densely covered by the persistent imbricate bases of the old ‘shanties:

culms erect, ee A 1-12 ft. long, glabrous ; leaves about 4 at the

base, one from the only suprabasal node, reduc ed to a long almost

bladeless sheath ; dheathe hairy, the uppermost narrow, silky bearded

at the node, the lower widened ; ligules short, truncate ; blades linear

to linear-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, 2-34 ie, by 2-3 lin.,

,» glaucous, glabrous or hairy; racemes ce 6, subdigitate,

erect, aun or slightly nodding, ‘debmaly silky, often purplish, 21-3 in.

long, compound below; rhachis triquetrous, narrowly winged,

scabrid, internodes 11-3 lin. long ; paseo 2-5-nate orin the lowest

fascicles with the central 2-3 on a very short branchlet, oblong,

acute, 2-22 lin. long (exclusive of the hairs), densely silky, unequally

celled, longer pedicels up to 3 lin. long, filiform, flexuous,

glabrous, tips subdiscoid ; lower glume delicately hyaline, whitish,

382 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Digitaria.

truncate or rotundate, up to + lin. long, upper oblong, acute to obtuse,

1-15 lin. long, 3- nerved, densely villous with long soft acute hairs,

y g ha in.

chartaceous, oblong, actealy. acuminate, 2 lin. long; anthers over

1 lin. long

Coast mggeN King Williamstown Div.; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan,

tL!

EastERN RecGion: Tembuland; Tabase, near Bazeia, 2500 ft. Baur, 317!

Natal; Umsinga and base of the Biggars Berg, Buchanan, 87!

The Pig often purplish, silky hairs of the spikelets gi e this grass the appear-

ance of a Tricholena; the ff one of the ies elets is, ican as in frat

nei a oe The American D. leucophea, Stapf = Panicum leuco-

he w.), is easily divtenerinted | by the Wag axis of the in loresogitb! It

Feiflcabank yor m the Cape ne by Kunth and satis who were misled by Thun-

berg’s erroneous identification of a specimen of Tricholena with Andropogon

insularis, L., which is ajeceratons with D. lewcophea.

villous, — delicately hyaline, rather broad ; lower valve oblong,

subacute, re o almost 2 lin. long, 7-nerved, glabrous along the

middle- _nerve, pee villous on the sides, particularly along the

upper edge of the inflexed margins, hairs acute, somewhat rigid,

often purplish, exceeding the pate upper valve subchartaceotsy

oblong, acuminate, up to 12 lin. lon

Coast Region: King Williamstown is v.; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan, 9!

saa Reeion : Natal; Umsinga and bene of the Biggars Berg, Buchanan,

This species is remarkable for having 2 short, nerved, cuneate lodicules in the

lower ‘flaret although the pale itself is s extremely re = = and scarcely exceeds

the I do not know any cue similar case in the g

XIV. PANICUM, Linn.

Spikelets variously shaped, usually more or less ovate oF ——-

falling entire from the pedicels, loosely ccttena, solitary, 2-nate oF

fascicled on the rhachis of the spike-like branches (false spikes) of 3

panicle. Lower floret usually 3, or reduced to the valve an Therbe-

Panicum. ] GRAMINER (Stapf). 383

upper cane the upper floret or almost so, sometimes cuspidate or

caudate-aristate, 5-13-nerved. Lower valve equalling the upper or

longer, more or rie resembling the upper glume ; upper valve coria-

ceous to crustaceous, rarely chartaceous, 5_7-nerved. Pales usually

upper floret. Lodieules 2, broadly cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles

distinet ; stigmas laterally exserted below the tip of the floret. Grain

tightly enclosed by the hardened valve and pale, oblong or ellipsoid ;

hilum — punctiform, or orbicular ; embryo equalling about + of

the gra

Perennial or annual of various habit ; nico usually reduced to a ciliate rim

or a fringe of py rarely a distinct me embrane, r 0; panicle bgneind mo ont «3

ax, contracted or effuse, or consisting o enily secund, 2-4-,

ma ried ranked spike-like branches, rarely converted into pa ey aphee A an

spikes.

— 200 to 250, mainly in the warm regions of the world.

I am inclined to restrict the genus Panicum, so far as it is represented in

Africa, 1 he sections Brachiaria, a Sage Eu-Panicum of Hooker and

Bentham’s Genera Plantarum, and my Vilfoidee. Even thus defined,

Panicwm is still pkctons than any other ce “of Graminee, except Andropogon

(in the sense of Hackel), and comprises grasses of very different aspect. The

easons for separating Digitaria and Trichelena and treating them as distinct

i , i i f these genera.

e affi

Panicex, whether sete: poms subgenera or sections, ar are very close and intricate,

and if we insist on absolute be aracters for the definition of ape little w ould be

left of this tribe out ci a e and very heterogeneous gen icwm.

Sec Aer apyer ns n.). tig in racemosely arranged secund or

Pe cient simple o almost simple usually 35° arely 1. or Lentked false atk;

glumes and lower ‘aK cals cuspidate, never awned.

sig 09 Popes l-ranked, 23 lin. long, turgid, ver, y

, glabrous ; fruiting valve fine ely pitted (1) brizanthum.

Spikelets 2 2., rarely 4-ranke d, «tie than 23 lin. 1 ng : :

Spikelet ts turgid, silky-villous, upper hairs gathered

glabrous black stalk, 2 lin. lon (2) nigropedatum.

Spikelets a constricted at the bee e, 1-14 li

___, long with pinkish or purplish tufts of ra Sg (3) serratum,

Spikelets ot turgid, hairy (but not ren a =

nor with subterminal tufts of hairs or only w

pire: Se minute ones in P, Marlothi), or beste

gia

Spikelets 1 in, es finely pubescen

es 4-1 in. long, pean og more or

ge essed to a much longer © ommon

(4) Isachne.

384 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [Panicum —

False a gee ~ pie Zin, long, 4-ranked o

sho mon axis; spikelets with

as min an neobleriatual tufts of hairs... (5) Marlothii.

on more than 1 lin. long, not finely pubes-

Fruiting Vag transversely wrinkled : \

Spikelets with 1-3 bristles from the centre

of the lowe er glume; lower ihn rig gidly

cilia se ey one or both marg! .. (6) trichopus.

Spikelets glabro

Lower aie me arned away fi the

rhachis ; fruiting valve hesevtraate . (7) helopus.

aci rhachis; fruit-

ing valve not mucronate .. ... (8) arrectum.

Fruiting valve smooth; false sp ikes very

ort in small interru ee spiciform

panicles ; ag loosely white hairy;

glumes ag tips of blades recurved,

iitepinon a ... (9) glomeratum.

Section 2. ohh nen ). — ets in racemosely arranged secund

r subsecund simple or compound 4 e (rarcly 2-) ranked false spikes ;

upper glume aid lower ‘ive Guspidate (often cbse oe in P. Holubit) or candate- “

aristate with 5-7 strong, more or less hispid ner

sash a fringe of hai

se spikes erect, tatdslly adpressed to the slender

axis of a linear, interrupted spike-like panicle ;

glumes and lower valve gs woolly-ciliate in

he upper part . (10) Holubii.

False spikes obliqu ely ‘erect or spreading ; “glumes

and lower bis eag not woolly-ciliate :

Panicle secun alse spikes solitary, often

noddin in,

oe ? . ower valve caudate- Saoeiet usually

r less awn (11) stagninum.

Panidle ponding rarely cund, “Tinear-oblong 5

. i i vikes very numerous, partly fascicled

wded syria 12 lin. — ‘short

> cmpidate . (12) pyramidale.

Ligule

Calms Sanpes lanl the vagrant apr Upper blades

n lon urren firm, rarel y

aa eee ses ascii in linear-oblong

dense panicles; frui site valve ovate-oblong

to oblong ... re (13) Crus-pavonis.

ee and sheaths compressed blades

ie ey or not at all ssi i nceid ; false

simple or subsimple; fruiting valve

aneisont: an sible eed .., se . (14) Crus-galli.

Section 3. Ev-Panicum (Bentham). yore distinctly pedicelled and more

or tion), loosely or effusely panicled (see also P. curvatwm in the following —

secti

=o _ ms very Serresye st = — a usuall sag ae

ram ore

S., &e.; assiste rious acpaiets yranterss re 7 voll

pail shed under the pti Ses of the Secretary of State for

Counci!

*,* Persons s having i incomplete sets ie iy to st oa them withorr t

- Dates will be kept on sale for a limited tim No Par "we

be sold without its continuat on to Pie en

nd of the re ;

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LORA CAPENSIS:

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS

OF THE

(AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES)

By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

WILLIAM T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M. G.- v

C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S.

HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD,

DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

sro mH Ho REEVE & co., Laren

Paniewm.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 385

i branches of pane 4-24 in, long; pedi-

Is $-1 lin. lon

nati shou (except at eet ment

argin

pe the ta obscurely beeen

nodes) ; ee er ‘plate equalling

the spikelet or less; oo hee toa (15) filiculme.

Leaves finely hairy; glume

ee 4 of the shila: stliole

ong (16) hymeniochilum.

oe poco to acuminate, often pubes-

; glumes subequal . 17) equinerve,

Lower branches of panicle 3-6 in. ‘long ; pedicels

ore dna 1 in. long . (18) perlaxum,

4 to

Lower aes

grag scanty apie 14-2 lin. long; fruit-

g valve wr

"Blades Gittonntod into a short petio

longer pedicels up to 14 lin. lng

g . (19) chusqueoides.

Blades not petioled ; Jonge r ‘pedi cels up

in. long; spikelets lanceolate to

hig aang ate

sige large, effuse, very delicately branched ;

pikelets 1 lin. long; fruiting valve finely

sitsed

sid re bem robust, often very tal blades linear

to ed ar- reg eolate, 12 2 ft. by 2-

. (20) obumbratum.

(21) laticomum,

su i ate

in. long, turgid :

glumes and lower valve callous,

ally ee essed ; lower valve

5-nerve we .. (22) zizanioides.

Tips of glumes and er valve not

callous ; et valve 7. nerved ,,, (23) deustum,

Spikelets 1-14 lin. long, n id:

Perennial ; lower va Bs S. ‘evel upper

finely wrinkle . (24) maximum.

Eager lower valve 7-¥-nerved, upper

qui ooth . (25) levifolium.

Spikelets distivetly saat or acum

Pedicels very short “ich wait Py at

uppe

spikelets glaucous ; d .

ower valve faiatly 5-n ... (26) meyerlanum,

Pedicels gradually thickened u wards, the

nge lin. long; ets not

or x kel 0

glaucous ; upper glume ie pees valve

distinctly 7-13-(rarely 5-)nerved :

oo oblong to svn Arona acu-

e, 1— ip claves ong :

icle coutracted, or when open

pee nidal o ate with con-

truss Easaeklaws longer pedicels

up to 23 lin. long ; upper glume :

r sas ——— .. (27) proliferum,

midal or -

alkanes divarente, very

Mi longer pedicels up to se

than 6. lin. Sut “ee glu

and lower valve 5-7-nerved me (28) wore

VOL, VII,

386 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Panicum.

waar eet — to otine: acute 14-1?

lin n usually dense, contracted,

soak ng P haniston: ; upper glume 11—13-

ved, lower valve 9-nerved .-. (29) miliare.

ito

over 5 i a, ie ac ae ahs lin. |

Glum dais: lower valve enti

Culms at aided, tes a long rit

rhizome; stoloniferous; lower leaves

tichously imbricate ; blades 13-3 <4

broad, usually rigid and involute... ... (30) repens.

Culms 4- to many-noded, from de

cumbent, branched base, not stoloniferous ;

leaves mor stant; blades 2 lin.

broad, flat, often rather flaccid —.., ... (81) coloratum,

Culms 1-3-(rarely 4-)noded, simple, densely

ceespitose; blades very narrow, usually

convolute :

Lower glume 3 +2 = size of the spikelet ;

upper glume 7-nerved :

Spikelets not pos nor gaping

~ t when wiciiacois lower

e 9-nerved . (32) minus

Spikelets somewhat oblique, gaping 5

ower valve 5-nerved .. (33) dregeanum,

Glumes ca lower valve equal, very similar,

. (34) natalense.

ne ina aia

Glumes and lower valve 3-5-toothed . (35) Ecklonii.

Section 4. \ pene eae x Spikelets in m slender dense mcbride ve ely

lax and open, P. c wm) pan often more or les r glume and

open, rved ; upper

i hora cially shean tid 9- coat frniting dead steals shorter Ciiash

the spikelet.

Panicle cylindric ; axis stou

Spikelets opine: olive- “ern with dark tips,

; 3 blades flaccid . (36) interruptum.

on ovat sli ly, “extved purpli ish,

ie 1 lin. long; blades gid . (37) typhurum.

Panicles ted or open; axis very slender

ats | anaes curved ... Bre . (88) curvatum.

and ex ve Rich. Tent. Fl. yg i. 363) ; perennial ; culms

or Sieg Pte tien’ rom a "hort sine stout in

aiken tight, Ge striate ; ligule a narrow, fimbriate rim ; blades

a b

Panicum.) GRAMINER (Stapf). 387

tubercle-based hairs, villous at the base, internodes 11-22 lin. long ;

pedicels solitary, alternate from near the edges, very short, stout;

spikelets usually 1-ranked, contiguous, ellipsoid, obtuse, turgid, about

i ips, glabrous; lower glume mem-

tole

—

Le 3

ve the base. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 63; Oliv. in Trans. Linn.

Soe. xxix. 170, ¢. 112, jig 1; Engl. Hochgebirgsft. Trop. Afr. 120;

Durand & Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. v. 742.

EasTERN ReEcion: Natal ; near Umpumnlo and Mapumulo, Buchanan, 183!

Tnanda, Wood, 1579! 1601! Fenton Tacy, Wood, 1577!

Also in tropical Africa,

la. P. mesocomum (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 84) ; perennial; culms

ascending, repeatedly geniculate, over 11 ft. long, terete, branched

longer than the internodes ; pedicels finely filiform, glabrous or

minutely puberulous, curved, the lateral up to 2 lin. long, tips

ia ‘ : ;

obtuse, 3 lin. long, subhyaline, 3-5-nerved, pubeseent below,

ciliolate ; upper glume oblong-lanceolate, rostrate-acuminate, 3 lin

ong, membranous, 5-nerved, with a dense row of hairs attached

Paco shining, 11 lin, long, 5-nerved. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i.

} Durand § Schinz, Conspectus Fl. Afr. v. 754.

WEsTERN R rs ‘ i r Verlapt-

Praam, Draye, Nee. : Little Namaqualand; by the Orange River, nea P

‘Ss very peculiar species was considered to be a Tricholena at the time the

ce 2

388 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Panicum.

clavis. was drawn up riage eT shows it to be a Panicum, nearest’

allied to P. sivcsenations Mun

2. P. nigropedatum (Munro ex Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc

ser. 2, ii, 29); perennial, rhizome short, oblique, densely “beset

with fascieles of culms and intravaginal innovation shoots ;

hirsute, the uppermost iat pubescent or ‘subglabr ous ; ligule

fringe of short rigid hairs ; blades linear from a narrow baoe, long

green ; false spikes 3-8, secund or subsecund on a slender triquetrous

puberulous eommon axis, erect or spreading, subequal or deereasing

upwards, slightly longer than the internodes, stout, 1—-} in. long ;

rhachis slender, almost s straight, convex and striate on the back,

puberulous or minutely hirsute, rigidly ciliate along the margins,

tomentose at the base; pedicels solitary, very short, stout, bristly,

tips slightly thickener spikelets feng secund or subseeund,

ellipsoid, euspidate, turgid, constricted at the base into a sho

glabrous black stalk, 2 lin. long, pallid, tky-sitlove, contiguous or

imbricate ; lower glume facing the rhachis, subhyaline, broadly ovate,

acute or acuminate, 1 lin. lon ng, 3-5-nerved, shortly hairy; upper

glume membranous, elliptic, rostrate-acuminate, 2 lin. long, very

concave, faintly 5-nerved, laxly hairy to the base of the arith ne

uppermost hairs longest, equalling the tip; lower floret ¢ ; valve

equal and similar to the upper glume, nivalis and subglabrous ‘tone

the depressed middle-line, with a tuft of long hairs on each side below

rates pale elliptic, subacuminate, equalling the valve; anthers 1 lin.

long; ¢ floret elliptic, euspidate or mucronulate, nearly 14 lin. mind

valve subcoriaceous, 5-nerved, whitish, finely pitted. P. me no-

stylum, Hack. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi. 398; Durand & pres

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 756.

coe AHARI Reeion: Griqualand West, Hay Div.; between Knegts Fontein

nd a Fo ntein, ape ag 2610! Herbert Div. ; St. Clair , Douglas, Orpen, ew

! Reet 3 on the Bosh Veld at Klippan, Rehmann,

Extending into tropical Africa as far as the upper Zambesi region.

rratum (Spreng. Syst. i. 309); perennial ; rhizome short,

thick. Whienode with equally tomnenitoea innovation buds ; culms

erect or geniculately ascending, simple or often much hiaricbied above

the base, slender, }—2 ft. long, terete, pubescent above; leaves often

ei distichously imbricate towards the base; sheaths tight, —

the lowest tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, the following gradually

less bry, glabrescent or glabrous, except the pubescent or villous

Panicum. ] GRAMINEH (Stapf). 389

margins and nodes ; ligule a fringe of short rigid anaes ; ere linear

to linear- lanceolate with a callous point, 1-4 in. by 14-24 lin., rigi

flat or involute, glabrous or hairy, particularly near the so , margins

cartilaginous, wavy, spinulous ; false spikes 4-10 secund on a filiform

angular glabrous or puberulous common axis, erect or spreading,

usually longer than the internodes, gradually decreasing upwards,

dense, 12-3 lin. long, rhachis filiform, angular, very wavy, rigidly

uheccaes to shbhirente, pedicels solitary or the lowest 2-nate, filiform

with discoid tips, curved, the lower very short, the upper up to 1 lin.

long, hairy; spikelets usually 2-ranked, contiguous or subcontiguous,

obovoid- calli pied’, obtuse, turgid, 12-12 lin. long, pallid, overtopped

by a purplish tuft of silky hairs ; lower "glume facing the rhachis, sub-

hyaline, broadly ovate to rotund ovate, obtuse, 5] lin. long, often

pur plish, 3-nerved, hairy ; upper glume membranous, broadly-elliptie,

acute or subeuspidate, 14-14 lin. long, very concave, faintly 5-nerved,

minutely villous or glabrescent i in the centre, with a dense teensveres

4 * ?

or ciliate near hea tip, ‘finely pitted. Kunth, Rev. ar i, 215,

¢t. 19; Enum. i. 98; Tri ae tei 146, and in Mém. Acad.

Pétersh. ser, vi. ii. 233; "Nees BAP: Austr. 31; Steud. Syn.

Pi. Glum. i. - 57; Durand nage hah ‘Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 765 (inelud.

Nees, le. 30, tk Bre Holcus serratus, Thunb. Prodr. 20; £1.

me ed. Schult. 110. Sorghum serratum, Roem. § Schult, Syst. ii.

2018!

Rieeioes Swellendam us Valley i daha River, &e

Swellend iv ae -

6635! Mossel Bay Div. ; ara Little Brak River and Hartenbosch, Burchell,

6206! Hnmansdo orp Div, ; on Kromme pated Siri Bolus, 2696! Uitenhage

Div.; hills by the Zwart River, Eck Alexandria Div.; Zuurberg

e, 25 < A

I Bea

Poort, 2000 {t., Drége. Stockenstrom Div. ; pes: ginene & Zeyher!

Cathcart Diy.; between Kat Berg and Klipplaat River, 3000-4000 ft., tbe he

e r w

wins

ix Gea ReGion: Orange Free State; without precise locality, Cooper,

910! 3343! Bas ge nd ; without precise Sonali, Corer 921! Bechuanaland ;

Kuraman, Burchell, 2186! and between Hamapery and Kosi Fontein, Burchell,

2543! Transvaal; W. onderfontein, Nelson, 11*!° Matebe Valley, Holub! near

ilms, 1

‘Eastern Region: cossintaniie Bazeia, Baur, 319! Natal; Umpumulo,

880 GRAMINEX (Stapf). ‘[ Panicum.

2400 ft., Buchanan, roi oe and base of the Bigars Berg, Buchanan, 105!

and Riet Vlei, 4000-50! ., Buchanan, 214!

Also in Seamlgnd, a very similar variety (P. serratwm var, gossypinum,

Hack.) in Abyssinia.

. Isachne (Roth ex Roem. & Schult. ii. 458); annual; culms

geniculately ascending from a sometimes decumbent and rooting base,

very slender, 1-2 ft. long, terete or angular, glabrous, 3- to many-noded,

much branched below, simple above ; sheaths rather tight, terete or

subterete, strongly striate, softly hairy or glabrous except at the

minutely ‘villous nodes , the upper shorter than the internodes; ligule

a dense fringe of stiff hairs ; blades linear-lanceolate from a rounded

base, acute, 1-21 in. by 1-21 lin, flat or involute, rather rigid,

softly hairy or quite cok age margins very scabrid ; false spikes

2-10, secu secun and usually adpressed to a fili-

= ge very slender, 3-1 in. long; rhachis. filiform, wavy, triquet-

rous, scabrid ; pedicels solitary, very short, stout, seabrid or bristly,

tips Md with hyaline margins ; spikelets 9-ranked, secund, con-

i pallid with

purplish tips, softly pubescent; lower glume facing the rhachis,

minute, nerveless, rarely 3 lin. lon ng an nd 1-nerved ; upper membranous,

oblong, peels, minutely hairy ; lower floret usually barren, some-

times ¢; e like the upper glume, but narrower, 5—3-nerved ;

pale ve pre ubequal to the valve in ¢@, shorter in ‘barren florets ;

3 floret cllipti-oblong, rounded at both ends, 3—* lin. long ; valve

subcoriaceous, faintly 5-nerved, shining, whitish, finely granulate ;

anthers } lin. long; grain oblong-ellipsoid, 2 1 lin, Io ; hilum orbi-

cular, 3 the length of the grain. Roth, Nov PL Spec. Shs Schult. Mant.

ii. 252; Kunth, Enum. i. 97; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 57; Hook.

Ju dts Brit. Tad. Wits 40. 2 ‘eruciforme, Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Gree. i.

t. 59; Fl. Gree. Prodr. i. 40; Kunth, lc. 78; Baker, Fl. Maurit.

434 ; " Aechers. fe Selig Illustr. Fl. Egypte, 159 ; Engl. Hochge-

birgefl. Trop. Afr. 120; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 748.

P. caucasicum, pia Sp. Gram, Ic. t. 262; Panic. Gen. 149, and in

» b¢., BS.

pubinode, Ho ch st, ex A. Rich. l.c. 363 ; Steud. lc. 57. Echinochloa

ersaiforicia Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 29 , fig. 1413.

Katanari Ree t Basutoland 5 Leribe, Buchanan, 145! 230! Bechuana-

land ; "Spatlapis Country ee lub

Ex: 3; near the Gekau (G G River, below

1000 ft., Drége! Maint; "Rice Vlei, 4000-6000 tt., jet echale aibt at 16!

Also in the Mediterranean ineolatites. India and Abyssinia.

5. P. Merlothii (Hack. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi. 398) ; gone

culms geniculately ascending from a long decumbent rooting and

much branched base, very slender 4 ft. “long, angular, often com-

pressed Stow; sheaths rather lax, ‘subeompressed, ‘shorter than the

Panicum.) GRAMINES® (Stapf). 391

internodes, striate, glabrous or with scanty les Tee hairs,

slightly bearded at the nodes, ciliate along the outer margin, minutely

villous at the nodes ; ligule a dense fringe of sith hairs ; rap linear-

lanceolate from a rou nde d base, acute, 7-15 lin. by ee 2 lin., firm,

green, puberulous above, glabrous below carat raed some purine i

based hairs along the midrib, margins cartilaginous, distantly fim-

briate with long rigid ilasniosteee bristles; false spikes 2-4, crowded

up to } lin. long, seabrid an with 1-3 stilt ere iy ites im-

bricate, elliptic, obtuse or nepal 1 lin. long, pallid, minutely

airy; lower glume facing the rhachis in the subsessile spikelets

forming the inner 2 ranks, turned away in the others, broadly ovate,

acute, } lin. long, subhyaline, 1-nerved; upper glume membranous,

oblong, whitish with 5 green nerves, scantily puberulous and with 2

little transverse tufts of hairs 4 mee the tip ; i lower floret ¢ ; valve

like the upper glume, rather narr wer; pale subequal ; anthers 2 lin,

long; ¢ floret broadly elliptic, panded at both ends, * lin. long ;

valve finely pitted, faintly 5-nerved, whitish; anthers } lin long.

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 753.

Katanart Region: Griqualand West; on hills near Barkley West, Marloth,

ae and in pirated Sabe on stony plains near Maneering, Marloth, 1147 (ex

el).

Nearly allied to P. Isachne.

6. P. trichopus (Hochst. in Flora, 1844, sa) eee (?);

culms ascending from a decumbent geniculate bas ~2 ft. long,

slender, glabrous or pubescent, 4- to many-noded, s ate or seantily

hairs, rarely alg aie ee sheaths rather lax, bearded at the necdes,

ciliate along the outer margin ; ligules membranous very short, fim-

riate ; blades linear to linear- ianceolate from a broad rounded or

subcordate base, acute to acuminate, 2—4 in. by 2-6 lin., flat, flaccid,

common axis, suberect or spreading, secund, 2~4-ranked, 1-2} in.

long; rhachis linear, 2 1_8 lin. broad, flat on ‘the bac k, with a very

prominent midrib on the face, scabrid or spinulously ciliate and often

with long fine tubercle-based bristles as well, villous at the

pedicels solitary, or 2-nate and then unequal, very short, stout, scabrid,

pubescent, with 1-3 bristles near the thickened tips; spikelets con-

tiguous or imbricate, elliptic-ovate, acutely acuminate, 2 lin. long,

pale ; a pus turned ay from the ain elliptic, rials

392 GRAMINESE (Stapf). { Punicum,

n both sides; pale equal, acuminate; anthers 1—* lin. long; ¢

inet broadly elliptic, rounded, 1-13 lin. long, whitish ; valve with a

scabrid muero up to lin. long, ‘b-nerved, ‘finely and transversely

rugose; anthers * lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 10

Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 101. P. trichopodon, A. Rich.

Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 369; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Aj.

v. 766. P. dorsisetum, Hack. ex Durand & Schinz, l.e. 748 (name

only).

KALAHARI REGION: Transvaal; Zoutpans Berg, 1 = escayeely Kraal, Nelson,

18*! Bosh Veld, salt ee Riv er and Klippan, Rehmann, 5121!

EastEkN Reocion: Natal; Umpumulo, 1000 ft. ge oa 218!

Also in tropical Africa.

7. P. Helopus (Trin. in Spreng. Neu. Entdeck. 84) var.

glabrescens (K. Schum. in Eng]. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 101); icc eulms

suberect or ascending from a geniculate, sometimes decumbent and

IE base, 1-2 ft. long, glabrous, striate, 4- to many-noded, branched

simple except at the base; leaves more or less finely hirsute with

Giabale based hairs, rarely glabrescent or glabrous; sheaths rather

ax, pubescent to villous at the nodes, ciliate above; ligules very

short, membranous, fimbriate; blades liriestanceolate- to lanceolate

from a broad rounded or cordate base, aeute to acuminate, 2—4 in. b

rhachis linear, }—1 lin. broad, flat on the back, with a very prominent

midrib on the faee, seabrid. or spinulously ‘ciliate, and often with

seattered fine vit tubercle-based bristles as well ; pedicels aatale

solitary, very short, stout, scabrid, pubescent, with or without 2-

bristles near the thickened a ; spikelets contiguous or subimbricate,

ovate to ovate-oblong, acute, 2-22 lin. long, pallid, glabrous; lower

glume turned away from ae "rhachis, broadly ovate, clasping, obtuse,

equalling 1-4 of the spikelet, hyaline, 3—-5-nerv: ved ; upper glume

membranous, ovate to ovate-oblong, subacute to subacuminate » promi-

nently 7-9-nerved ; lower floret ¢ or barren ; valve ovate, acuminate,

5—7-nerved ; pale equal, subacute; ¢ floret elliptic, "rounded at

‘both ends, 14 lin. long, pallid; valve with a scabrid mucro, oP to

z lin, long, transversely wrinkled, 5-nerved ; anthers scarcely } lin.

long ; > grain — dorsally phe aasrapsis embyro 3 the length of the

part). P. pate Rebtel Rich. Tent. Fil. ‘Aby ss. ii. 369. P.con-

troversum, Steud. Syn Pl. Glum.i. 60. P. javanicum, Baker, Fl.

Maurit. 434 (in pariys Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vii. 35 (in part), not Potr.

Coast Re@ion: Queenstown Div.; plains near Queenstown, 3500 ft., Galpin,

2351!

CataPaRI ReGion: Orange Free State; between Harrismith and Leribe,

Buc pence: 211!

E N ReGion: Natal; without precise locality, Buchanan, 78!

ae in ae Mascarene Islands, East Africa, Abyssinia, and India; the typical

Panicum. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 393

form with densely pubescent spikelets has not been found on the African

continent.

8. P. arrectum (Hack. ex Durand and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

741); perennial, quite glabrous ; culms ascending from a prostrate,

2 f

rooting base, 1}-2 ft. long, compressed below, terete in the upper

1-2 spreading hairs; spikélets contiguous, oblong, subacute, 13—-1%

the upper glume, but narrower, 7-nerved; pale equal, obtuse; anthers

over 1 lin. long; @ floret broadly elliptic, obtuse, 11-12 lin. long ;

valve 7-nerved, transversely wrinkled. P. subquadriparum, Nees,

Fl. Afr. Austr. 29, not Trin.

Coast ReGion: Uitenhage Div.; without precise locality, Zeyher. Albany

Div. ; between Assegay Bosh and Botram, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! Komgha Div. ;

near the Kei River, below 1000 ft., Drége!

ASTERN REGION: Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, 686!

lower broadly ovate, acute, $1 lin. long, hyaline, 1-nerved ; upper

thinly membranous, oblong, acute or subacuminate, almost 1} lin.

long, faintly 5-nerved; lower floret ¢; valve very similar to the

Upper glume; pale equal, obtuse; anthers % lin. long; ret

elliptic-oblong, subobtuse, 1 lin. long, whitish; valve 5-nerved,

‘tustaceous, smooth; anthers $ lin. long. Hack. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.

x1. 398; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 750.

WEstERN Recon: Great Namaqualand, Gubub, near Aus, Schinz, 640!

Also in Mossamedes, near the Coroca River.

ime)

394 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Panicum.

10. P. Holubii (Stapf); perennial; culms erect or geniculate from

a slender rhizome, 2-3 ft. long, terete, glabrous, 4-5-noded, sheathed

all along or the upper internodes exserted ; leaves glabrous ; sheaths

rather loose, terete, striate, bases of the owest persistent, ‘breaking

up into fibres; ligule a fringe of fine hairs; blades linear, scarcely

narrowed or constricted at the base, 2 hanna to a fine point,

4-10 in. by 2-3 lin., more or less glaucous, smooth except in the

upper part, margins finely Bi eae smooth or scabrid ; false

spikes adpressed 1 to the slender compressed seabrid axis of a ‘linear

usually interrupted erect panicle from 4-6 in. long, compact

ranked, 4—8 in. long ; rhachis spate scabrid, slightly wavy, villous

at the base : pedicels 2-38-nate, mely short, tips discoid ;

spikelets oblong, subacute or hee ce 13 lin. long, pallid or

vie wit ye e; glumes very thin; lower broly ovate,

oe upper 5 ; pale subequal to the valve, keels scabrid ; anthers

lin. lon 3 floret equalling the , elliptic-oblong, shortly

ee or cuspidate, light straw-coloured, back s ia ngly convex 5

valve subcoriaceous, 5-nerved ; anthers slightly over } 1 lin. lon

Coast Recion: King Mi eee Div. ; Seige 0 sont Buchanan, 1!

KatanarI ReGion : Bechua ; Kuruman, Burchell, 2128/7! Transvaal ;

Bosh Veld at Klippan, Sakmann, pore saat a a precise locality, Holub !

Also on the upper Zambesi (Holub).

Burchell’s specimen was grown in England from a Sopoae Ah him raeal

and the anthers up to 1 li

vin P: miseries eae Naturf. xxiii. 201); annual or

perennial ; culms erect from a geniculat e or prostrate pase, terete or

wallet, ‘up to 6 ft. high, in tall specimens to more than 3 lin. thick

below , often r rooting from the lower nodes, sheathed all along or

some ‘of the internodes at length exserted, often branched in the

lower part ; sheaths finely jieiae smooth, terete or subcarinate above,

quite glabrous, rarely pubescent "at the lowest nodes ; ligule a fringe

ot rather long stiff hairs, or sometimes 0 in the u permost leaves ;

blades linear from a scarcely narrowed usually not decurrent base,

long-tapering to a fine point, } to more than 1+ ft. by 23~7 lin., flat,

or flaccid, glabrous, light green or glaucous, smooth above,

scabrid below, particularly in the u margins cartilaginous,

scabrid to spinulous; panicle erect or nodding, 4-10 in. long,

secund is slender, more or less flexuous, convex or flat on the

axis slen

back, usually hispidulous with scattered bristles, rarely glabrous except

on the scabrid angles; branches few to many, distant or rather

crowded, alternate, suberect or nodding, 1-2 in. long, — often

stout dense 2-4-ranked simple secund sessile false spikes; rhachis

Panicum.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 395

like the axis, but more slender; pedicels 4—2-nate, extremely short,

tips discoid; spikelets crowded, ovate-oblong to lancevlate-ovate,

2-3 lin. long, rarely less, pallid, ‘his pid ; glumes thin, lower ovate,

acuminate or produced into a short, scabrid, compressed awn,

5-nerved or 7-nerved at the tips, pubescent between the hispidulous

nerves; lower floret g or sometimes barren; valve similar to the

anthers, when present, 1 lin. long; ¢ floret oblong to lanceolate-

oblong, mucronate-acuminate, 1-91 lin. long excluding the or

mucro, see among smooth, be valve 5-nerved, . Obs.

744

bale Sf Si lie. 764, P. pietum, Nees, Fi. es Austr. "eo

wot Agrost. Bras., nor Koen. HKchinochloa stay Ae Beauv. Agrost.

161. scabra, Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 479. Orthopogon

stogninus, ee Syst. i. 307. Oplismenus stagninus, Kunth, Kev.

4; knum. i. 144 (in part). O. scaber, Kunth, Rév.

Gram, i. 44; Bus. i, 145.

Sour A¥rRica: without ag 7 pte Thunberg !

Coast Region: Alexa: ery below 500 ft., Drege! Komgha

Div. ; sandy banks - Kei gra Manager n, 9

EastERN REGION hay Diy. ; ; near rahi (Gcua or Geuu) River, Drége,

4238! Delagoa Bay, Forb

Indi

he few South African specimens, which I have seen, represent a state with

somewhat smaller spikelets than is usual in this species. Nees’ description of

- pictum in Fl. Afr. Austr. 59, is copied from Agrost. Bras. 260, ts very

Well the Indian plant so nam oenig, but not Drége’s South African

Speciens, referred by Nees to P. pictum. However, P. pictwm, Koenig, is

scarcely haart es distinct from P. stagninum, being rather a variety of 1

distinguished by it riled turgid spikelets. 1t seems to be much more common

in India than the

12. P. pyramidale (Lam. Illustr. i. 171, excl. var. 8); perennial ;

396 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Panicum.

glabrous, often more or less glaucous, smooth above, scabrid below

in the upper part, margins cartilaginous, spinulous or scabrid, or

smooth below, midrib usually broad, whitish; panicle erect, rarely

nodding, usually linear-oblong, dense, 1-1 ft. long, facing all sides

or sometimes subsecund ; axis stout, 3- 4- angular, suleate, hispidulous

or glabrous and smooth except the scabrid angles, usually with a

fringe of hairs at the nodes; branches very many, some solitary,

others 2-nate or fascicled, the lowest distant, the others rather close,

moderately dense simple or subsimple spikes; rhachis slender,

triquetrous, hispidulous, or glabrous ; pedicels fascicled, very short,

tips discoid ; spikelets ovoid, cuspidate, 13-2 lin. long, greenish or

variegated with purple; glumes herbaceous-membranous ; lower

broadly ovate, clasping at the base, acute, about 3 the length of the

Bakes S-nerved, margins scabrid or ciliate ; uppe r glume ovate to

the spikelet, 5—7-nerved, minutely and rigidly pubescent or sub-

elliptic, rarely oblong, cuspidate, 12-2 lin. long, straw- coloured,

smooth ; valve coriaceous, 5-nerved. Aunth, Rév 223,

t. 23; Enum, i. 93 (excl. var. B); Trin. Panic. Ge » and t

Mé cad, Pétersb. sér. vi. iii. 245; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 625

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 760, P. frumentaceum, v. cuspi-

da = Nees in E. Meyer, Zwei Piinaelio yr. Docum. 207.

_ Var. B, hebetatum Sale oth all —_ iar ; — a lin. bee flac ni

ites le replaced y a pubescent lin fringe of short, fine bairs ; pam

rec ae slender ; br bie up to Lin tong spileulate i sip rie

in the type, 14 lin. long ; lower floret barren

ra —— tuntens Var. 8: Uitenhage Div.; without precise locality, Ecklon &

eyher

HASTERN REGION: Natal; valley of the Umgeni River, Drége, 4242!

The typical form is common Ne tropical Africa, sometimes covering

large areas in and near stagnant w

13. P. Crus-pavonis (Nees, Agrost. Bras. 259) var. rostratum

Facts ‘perennial: culms erect, stout, terete, up to 5 ft. long, and to

3 lin. thi ck below, dabrovs, smooth, about 5- doen sheathed all along

long a ee in ing upper ae tapering to a very fine point,

3-10 y 5- , flat, igcats eine smo oth above, scaberulous

Panicum.) GRAMINEX (Stapf). 397

long, forming sessile, stout, very dense, simple or compound, sub-

secund false spikes; rhachis usually beset with tubercle-based

bristles ; eee 2-nate or fascicled on very short branchlets, very

short up to 3 lin. long, scabrid, tips obscurely discoid ; spikelets in

compact clusters, elliptie- oblong, caudate-acuminate, rie 4 lin. long,

acute to subacuminate, elasping at the base, 1—2 lin. long, 3—5-nerved,

very concave, cus pidate- -acuminate, fet the spikelet, 5-nerved,

rigidly pubescent grein the scabrid or spinulous nerves ; lower

floret barren; valve similar to the upper glume, but flat = depressed

pale oblong, keels scaberulous above; ¢ floret hale Seni ibe

acuminate or cuspidate, up to 1} lin, long, greenish-yellow, smooth ;

‘Valve crustaceous, 5-nerved ; wethuds oe in. long 3 grain obovate-

onions, very broad, 3 lin. long. P. Crus-pavonis, Nees, Fl. Afr.

sir. 59, and Durand § Schinz, Clasp. Fl, Afr. v. 745 (as to the

ret an plant ).

ASTERN Sarda : Natal; on sand-flats near the mouth of the Umsimkulu

ver, D ghee Flats, Buchanan, 4! Umhlali, Wood, 3992! and without

price teanlliy, Gerrard, 496 ! teen 269!

Also in marshes in Northern N yasaland.

The typical dg which has less compactly crowded chet satis spe Soa

With longer ns, is common Ce ee tropical Am des ription,

in Fl. Afr ie, is dra p fro and does ver see "with ‘Drege e’s

rae Minute arieeted authaes tid ‘Tidioelas oceur sometimes in the lower

ret.

“

14. P. Crus-galli (Linn. Sp. Plant. 56); annual; culms genicu-

lately ascending ee soci below, 1-3 ft. high, glabrous, smooth,

len

less exserted, ofian branched below ; sheaths striate, smooth, the

lower eer strongly compressed, whitish, glabrous except the lowest

Which are pubescent at the e very base ; ligules 0, junetion of blade

and dima glabrous inside ; blades linear from a searcely narrowed

base, tapering to an acute point, 3-8 in. by 3-6 lin., flat, subflaccid,

gl abr Tous, more or less glaucous, smooth above, acaberalous below,

particularly towards the tip, margins finely oe scabrid to

a mos st smooth, midr ‘ib narrow; panicle erect, — or flexuous,

"ppermost, the lower 1-21 in

simple or subsimple, subsecund, sessile false spikes; rhachis

triquetrous, seabrid, coarsely bristly, ne ag near the nodes;

pedicels fascicled or 2-nate e, very shor up to 3 lin. long, seabrid,

ellipsoid, cuspidate, 1 23 lin. long, ae or tinged with purple ;

lower glame membra ous, very broadly ovate, clasping at the base,

obtuse to subeuspidate, + lin, long, 5-nerved, scaberulous ; upper

398 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Panicum.

glume herbaceous-membranous, very broadly ovate-oblong, concave,

acute or cuspidate, 12 lin. long, 5- or (near the tips) 7-nerved, rigidly

pubescent between the scabrid and spinulous nerves ; lower floret

barren ; valve similar to the upper glume, but flat or depressed on

the back ; cuspidate or produced into a scabrid, often long, awn,

7-nerved throughout or only towards the tips; ee elliptic, shorter

by 4 than the valve, keels scaberulous above; ¢ floret elliptic-ovate,

cus nidate, over 1 lin. long, whitish or yellowish, smooth; valve

subcoriaceous, 5-nerved ; anthers oe scarcely 3 lin. long ; grain

broadly elliptic, } lin. long. Fl. Dan. t. 1564; Host , Gram. ‘Austr.

Hic 16y.ti: 39 32a ngl. Bot. av 876 ; jae Gram. Britt. xi.; Trin.

ching, Conep. Fl. A ri, "750 (the African plant, excl. syn.).

ee Crus-galli, Beauv. Agrost. 161; Retchb. Ic. Fl. Ger o

. t. 29, fig. 1411, 1412. Oplismenus Crus- -galli, Dumort. Agros

Bl. i 138 ; oe Rev. Gram. i. 44; Enum. i. 148 (excl. ah

- ZONA

Coast Reaton: Cape Div.; Lion Mountain, Drége! near Rondebosch,

Ecklon. Near Claremont, Dod, 2423! Uitenhage Div.; near the Zwartkops

River, Ecklon § Zeyher ! Knysna Div.; Knysna Forests, E.S.C.A. Herb. 308!

aur, 889 !

ENTRAL REGION: Richmon iv.; Styl Kloof, in the Winter Veld, near

Richmond, Drége! Somerset Div.; near the Blyde Ri iver, Burchell, 2968!

ASTERN REGIon: Natal; near Durban, Wiiliamson, 13!

The typical form of P. Crus-galli,as described above, occurs as a weed throughout

the temperate zones of both he —— and more rarely in the tropics. All

the South African specimens belon ng t the muticous state, except that alee

by Baur near Shiloh. In B ( the junction-line of b

and sheath is perfectly glabrous as usual, with the exception o of one lea tae ‘it

is pubescent. I have not met with another case of this kind in the very numerous

specimens of P. Crus-galli I uve examined,

15. P. filieulme (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 377); culms

decumbent, very slender and weak, up to 12 ft. long or longer, quite

glabrous, many-noded, branched from most of the nodes, internodes

exserted ; leaves almost perfectly glabrous ; sheaths thin, rather tight,

at length dry, loosened and thrown aside, strongly striate, outer

margin and mouth as well as the nodes minutely hairy (under the

middle, 1-2 in. by 13-2 lin., flat, somewhat rigid, margins

scabrid ; panicles scanty, 1-2 in, long, consisting of few 6—2-spiculate

lateral pedicels short; spikelets yg obtuse, 11 lin. long, green,

a a tread base, 1-nerved, equallin ing about 3 of the spikelet or

shorter to very short and then hyaline and nerveless ; upper giume

thinly herbaceous, oblong, obtuse, almost 11 lin. long, 7-9-nerved,

Panicum.]} GRAMINEH (Stapf). 399

lower floret 3 (always ) ; pcb like the upper a 1+ lin. long;

(or Seis cada rade Sh a high power), il valve thinly

chartaceous, 5-nerved ; anther : lin. long.

ore REGION : Natal, between Pinetown and Umbilo River, Rehmann,

804

he closely allied to the fillowias species.

16. P. hymeniochilum (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 46); culms de-

cumbent, very slender and weak, 1-12 ft. long, more or ia rei!

hairy or glabrescent, many-noded, branched from some or t of

the nodes, internodes exserted ; lekven finely hairy ; ‘Aialtie thin,

rather tight, at length often loose and thrown aside, strongly striate,

tubercled betwean the nerves ; ligule an ares ciliolate rim ; blades

lanceolate to linear- Beene ‘tapering ane from the broad clasping

base toa fine point, 1-3 in. by 1-3 lin., flat, flaccid, margins seabrid,

sometimes eallously nib and often with a few bristles towards

on base ; panicles very scanty, flaccid, 1-12 in. long, consisting of

w 5-2-spiculate short branches, up to 3 in. long; axis, branches

ee pedicels filiform, angular, finely hairy or glabrescent, sub-

scaberulous, lateral pedicels very short; spikelets oblong, subobtuse,

1; lin. long, greenish, glabrous, finely but prominently nerved ; lower

glume lance olate to subulate from a broader base, 1-nerved, hyaline,

equalling 4 of the spikelet ; upper glume thinly herbaceous, oblong,

subobtuse, 1 lin. long, 7—9-nerved ; lower floret ¢; valve like the

upper glume, 14 lin. long, 7-9-nerved ; pale slightly shorter, keels

Scabrid above, evanescent below the hyaline tip; ¢ floret oblong,

subobtuse, 1 lin . long, smooth, whitish; valve thinly sop ap

5-nerved ; eutlis ers 2 lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 83;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Aft ©

Var. B, glandulosum (Nees, 47): more te blades up to 3 in. by

3 lin., more ly hairy t joes; panicle oblong to long,

much more divided ; axis, branche branchlets with scattered gland-tipped

hairs, branches r spreading, up to m 5 pedi

longer ; spikelets more tegen d. P. letum, Durand & Schinz

Afr, v. 752 (in n part), not Kunth. P. letum (?) var. B Nees, lc. 45

X EASTERN aye dtole ae, between the Umzimkulu River = the Umkomanzi

River, pei i 4247! Var. 8: Natal; near the Umlazi River, below 200 ft., Drege,

4292! the flats near Durban, Dréye, 4248! coastland, fatherland | !

17. P. equinerve (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 40, in part) ; perennial ;

culm suberect or ascendin , very slender, 1-13 ft. long, laxly bra bra nched,

many-noded, glabrous, internodes usually exserted ; leaves glabrous

or hairy ; Sheaths thin, tight, striate; ligule an obscure m nutely

ciliate rim ; blades linear to lanceolate-linear from a suddenly con-

Fa rate ae

400 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Panicum.

flexuous, smooth ; pedicels 4~1 lin. long, tips subcupular ; spikelets

oblong, acute to subacuminate, about 1a ‘lin. long, greenish, glabrous

or pubesce nt, prominently nerved ; lower glume oblong, subobtuse,

very slightly shorter than the upper, 5-nerved, margins and tip

hyaline; upper glume similar, broader, subacuminate, 7-nerved;

5-nerved ; pale 2 the length of the valve; ¢ floret oblong, | acute or

subacuminate, 1-12 lin. long, yellowish; valve subcoriaceous, 5 -nerved,

smooth ; anthers over z lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 79;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 740 (both in part).

KALAHARI REGION: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5731!

Eastern Reeion: Natal; Po ndoland ; between St. Johns River and

Umtsikaba River, in swampy places, below 1000 ft. , Drége ! and near Umpumulo,

2000-2500 ft., Buchanan, 260!

18. P. perlaxum (Stapf); perennial; rhizome slender; culms sub-

erect or ascending, very slonde er, 1-2 ft. long, more or less branched, 5-

to many-noded, glabrous, internodes mostly exserted ; leaves capes

or hairy; shoathe thin, ‘eixinbe > ligule an obscure, ‘minutely ¢ ciliate

rim ; blades linear to linear- lanceolate from a suddenly contracted,

i 3h

4—l-spiculate, or remotely and s sparing gly divided, with long 2-3-

spiculate branchlets, finely filiform to capillary, flexuous, smooth ;

lateral pedicels 3-1 in. long, tips cupular; spikelets oblong, acute

prominently nerved ; glumes thinly herbaceous, equal, 13-2 lin. long,

the lower narrow, oblong, acute or subacute, 7-B-nerved 3 upper

ovate-oblong, ome: very concave 7- to sub-9-nerved; lower floret

barren; valve similar to the upper che, but slightly shorter and

dent or 7- Gavel near the tip, subhyaline along the middle;

% the length of the valve or more; ¢ floret oblon

subsctinkinate, equalling the lower or a very little shorter, yellowish ;

valve coriaceous, smooth, 5-nerved; anthers % lin. long. P. equt-

nerve, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 40 (in part).

Coast Ree@ion: Albany Div.; Coldspring near Grahamstown, Flanagan, 766

Recion: Tembuland ; near Morley, 1000-2000 ft., Drege ! iatal;

coastland, Sutherland !

19. P. chusqueoides (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 377);

perennial ; culms divaricately branched, rambling, spre slender, 2 ft.

long, glabrous, many-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths very tight,

terete, glabrous or ciliate along the margins, sometimes scantily

dotted with tubercles ; ligules very short, truncate, obscurely ciliate ;

finely nerved, glabrous, smooth, margins scabrid; panicle up to 5 in.

ong, consisting of 3-5 distant, suberect or spreading, glabrous,

Panicum. } GRAMINEE (Stapf). 401

filiform angular branches, which are up to 2 in. long and bear

spikelets from 1-8 lin. above the base ; pedicels oom or 2-nate,

: : to

herbaceous, ceded cSpaiae ea 1i- 13 lin. ines - to sub-9-nerved ;

lower floret barren ; valve equal and very similar to the upper glume,

but 5-nerved; pale subequal ; 3 floret oblong, subapiculate, slightly

shorter than the lower; valve cori prion transversely wrinkled,

d-nerved, light green or yellowish ; anthers 3 lin. long

Eastern Region: Natal; near Durban, jualiceobil, 8618! Williamson, 11!

alo

short, eae, giloleta. - ; blades linear-lanceolate from a contraeted

base, tapering to a fine point, 1-2 in ni 13-3 lin., flat, very thin,

with some long fine hairs near th be margins serrulate- meres

ve ume, 5-nerved ; pale

subequal; anthers 1~2 lin. lo ong; ¢ floret oblong, acute, yellowish,

12 lin. long ; valve coriaceous, very finely transversely wrinkled,

rved.

OAST — : Alexandria Div.; Zuurberg Range, in shady places by

oe Dreg

sang is drawn up from specimens in Drage’ s herbarium at Liibeck.

They belong to the — mer ee gests d by Nee * Panicr SPUneh, Gee:

cCumbenti affinis ? a no P. diffusu Fi, ‘Afr. Austr. $2), and are

identical Solera i eutlaes ts in rhe same Mahi: collected by Ecklon & Zeyher,

but wit ecdinaiiaie of the locality. These latter are possibly (at least partly)

ees ; ; t Indian plant,

of which, Thave not seen any examples from South Africa, Nees says they were

srilected i in Uitenhage feat "by “the Zwartkops River and in the primeval forest

of the Krakakuma Mou

21. P. laticomum (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 43); perennial, culms

ascending, divided above the base into somewhat spreading long

leafy flow wering lecneban, slender, 2. ft. long, premnng# hairy or

glabrous, many-noded, intebooiling 6 xserted; sheaths tight, thin,

triate, hairy, often with tubercle ii d hairs or glabrescent except

* the: eens and near the junction with the blade ; ligule a a or

402 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Panicum.

ciliolate rim; blades aptpading, paencie from a rounded _ base,

acutely acuminate, 11-3 in. by 3-1 in, flat, very thin, sparingly and

fi » Margins seabrid ; panic erect, very lax, delicately

and divaricately branched, about } ft. long; axis filiform, terete

an o low, angular and fin scabrid ve; branches

in fascicles of 4-2 or solitary, unequal, at length spreading, finely

filiform to capillary, very laxly divided, often from 1-2 in. above

the base ; branchlets and pedicels extremely fine, scaberulous, lateral

pedicels "1-4 lin, long, tips scarcely thickened; spikelets oblong,

acute at both ends, slightly more than 1 lin. long, glabrous, green ;

ginmes very thinly rai deonepane lower broadly ovate, subobtuse,

2 lin. long, 3-nerved ; upper glume somewhat remote from the lower,

oblong, acute, a almost 1 lin. ond 5-nerved, middle nerve scaberulous

above ; ; lower floret barren; valve like the upper glume, but slightly

longer; pale + the length of the valve; ¢ floret oblong, obliquely

apiculate or acute, equalling or slightly exceeding the uppe r glume;

valve subeoriaceous, whitish, faintly 5-nerved; anthers } lin. ——

grain obovoid, 2 lin oe ‘white. Stew. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 84;

Durand & Sehin, pens Fl. Afr. v. 752; K. Schum. in “Engl

Pfl. Ost-Afr.

STERN Recion: Natal; ady woods r Durban, Drége, 4289! Coast-

land, Sutherland ! and without re loeality, ‘Cereard. 89!

The fruiting florets often separate from the remainder of the spikelet, which

remains for a while attached to the pedicel, oh falls at length as a whole. The

habit is not unlike that of Isachne albens,

22. P. zizanioides (H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Spec. i. 100) ; peren-

nial; culms rather slender, oy aseending from an often long

prostrate and rooting base, up to 8 ft. long and to 2-4 ft. high,

glabrous, many-n ed, more or less branched ; sheaths rather tight or

the lower loose and — striate, ~h e or finely hairy to

lanceolate, rarely linear, from a nded auricled cordate base,

acuminate or pane apering to an acute point, 3-7 y 1-lin.,

Panicum. | GRAMINEH (Stapf). 403

less, 3-nerved, upper equalling the spikelet, 5-nerved; lower floret

3 valve very similar to the upper glume; pale equal, acute;

floret equalling the ¢ floret, oblong; valve coriaceous, smooth,

shining, straw-coloured or whitish, 5-nerved ; pale subauriculate near

the base ; anthers in. long. Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 233, €. 283.

Enum. i, 118; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 143; Trin. Pan. Gen. 188, and

tn Mém. Acad. Se. Pétersb. sér. vi. iii. 276; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

1. 75; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. ii. 228. P. oryzoides, Sw. Prodr.

23, not Arduin.; Kunth, Enum.i. 129; Steud. lc. 80. P. bal-

bisianum, Schult. Mant. ii. 254. P. numidianum, Hook. Niger Fl.

60, not Lam. P. pseudoryzoides, Stend. lc. 75. P. Ridleyi,

Hack. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. iii. 400. P. latifolium, Hovk.

J. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 39, not Linn.

Eastern Reeron: Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, 480!

Also in West Africa, India and tropical America.

23. P. deustum (Thunb. Prodr. i. 19); perennial; culms from

a very short rhizome or the to

with few intravaginal innovation shoots, erect or geniculately

ha gradually attenuate base, long tapering to a very fine point,

2-1; ft. by 4-8 lin. (rarely by 1 in.), flat, smooth except the

below the nodes, branches scattered or subopposite or scantily

i 4 in

nembranous, obtuse or subaeute, 1-1} lin. long, 5~7-

bie

‘

im!

fom

— =

bard

}

< : vig Cap. ed, Schult. 104. P, unguiculatum, Trin. Pan. Gen,

>and in Mim, Acad, Pétersb. sér. vis iii. 275; Steud. Syn. Pl.

dd 2

404 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Panicum.

Glum. i. 75; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 767; K. Schum.

in Engl. Pj. Ost-Afr. A. 31, C. 19s....F. numidianum, Nees, Fi.

Afr. Austr. 33, not Lam. P. corymbiferum, Steud l.c. 76; Durand

& Schinz, lc. 744. P. pubivaginatum, K. Schum. in Engl. le.

C. 102.

Soutu Arrica: without precise locality, Thunberg! Zeyher, 451! 4455!

Mund and Maire! gam le !

Coast Region: Riversdale Div.; near the Vet Rag hiss Gill! Uitenhage

Div.; near the Zwar ee River, Ecklon & Zeyher! and without precise

locality, Alewander ! nase ria Div. ; near the eet River in the Zuurberg

Range, Drége! Bathurst Div. ; near — Alfred, Hutton, 55! Albany Div. ;

in wet places by streamlets near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 1311! Fort peaahers

Div.; Ri a 7? bel uae British Kaffraria, ny oper

Crn : Somerset’ Div.; near os we Riv , Burchelly 2956 !

near the “Blyde ‘River, Burchell, 2977! Gra t Div. ; the Sunda ay

00-2000 ft , Drege

River, 15 between Kruid opening a Mi ik vie, Burchell,

2946 !

STERN REGION: Pondoland; between the Umtata River and su Johns

River, Drége! Natal; by streamlets near mer ior Buchanan, 2652! Ubabi,

Sutherland ! near Durban, Williamson, 17! 18! and without tte locality,

Gerrard, 483! Cooper, 3342! Buchanan, 265!

Also in tropical East Africa.

ed grass is very variable with respect to hairiness and the length of the

pedice

P. maximum (Jacq. I . Rar. i. 2, t. 13; Collect. i. 76);

perennial (sometimes res sa co first year ?), tufted ; innovation

s erect

inear to lanceolate-linear from a contracted and rounded or attenuate

base, long tapering to a fine (sometimes wage and filiform) point,

3-2 ft. by 2-8 lin., rarely broader; flat, minutely tomentose at the

junction with the blade, midrib rathe er heii whitish ; panials erect

or nodding, contracted or effuse and lax, decompound, from 3 to over

1 ft. long; axis slender, angular, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous

above ; lower branches whorled, suberect or spreading, rather ee

ivide

1-2} in,, filiform, seaberulous above, smooth below, glabrous except

at the often minutely tomentose or pubescent eallous base ; icel

fascicled, 3-2-nate or the upper solitary, very unequal, very short to

several times longer than the spikelet, capillary, flexuous, scabrid ;

spikelets oblong, subobtuse or obtuse, somewhat turgid, 14-1} lin.

" glabrous, Tar rarely

puberulous ; lower glume rounded, 1— lin. long, subhyaline, faintly

3-nerved to nerveless, upper oblong, acute or obtuse, 12—14 lin. long;

membranous, 5- nerved ; lower floret g, valve very similar d

Panicum.) GRAMINER (Stapf). 405

very slightly shorter than the upper glume; pale oblong, obtuse ;

floret equalling the ¢ or scarcely shorter, oblong, obtuse ; valve

5- pee et finely transversely rugose ; anthers 1—% lin. long ; grain

over } lin. long. Trin. Pan. G Yen, 180, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb.

ser. vi. lii. 268 ; Nees, Fi. Ah Austr. 36; Hook. Niger Fil. 560;

Steud. Syn. Pl. ‘Glum. 1.72; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxix. 171;

Baker, Fl.. Maurit. 436; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl.. Trop. Afr. 119;

Durand & ee Consp. ’ Fl. Afr. v. 758; K. ee in Engl. PA.

Ost-Afr. B. 81, C.103; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind: vii. 49. P. poly-

gamum, Sw. "fan. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. P. leve, gs Illustr. i.

acm, F. Hay sesh Pers. Syn. i. 83; Kunth, Enum, i. 101; A.

Rich. Tent. Fl, Abyss. ii. 373; Peters, Heise Mossamb, ii. 54 Sa

ae Delile, Fl. Egypte, 51, t. 63, fig. 6, ex Barbey, Herbor.

evant, t. 8. P. amplemoussense, Steud. S) yn. Pl. Glum, i. 71.

rr, hirsutissimum, Steud. le. 72. P. porphyrrhizos, Steud. 2.

confine, Hochst. ex Durand & Schinz, le. 754. P.t ‘schon tau:

K. Schum. in Engl. Veget. Usambara, 38 (name ‘a

SouTH AFRICA: without precise locality, Drége, 4275

Coast REGION: Stelle nbosch Div.; ces Pa a Ecklon ; Pane

Div.; Plettenberg Bay, Mi und - Maire! Humansdorp Diy. ; near the Gamtoos

River, Gill! Uitenha age Div.; near Uitenbage, Zeyher! near the Zowartkops

River, Ecklon S Zeyher! hil near the mouth of the pre River, Drage!

Alexandria Div.; Enon, 1000-2000 ft., Eeklon! Drég Bathurst Div. ;

Port Alfred, “bigs ’ Albany Div.; near Grahamstow aes cOwan! Glen-

Drip 1000 ft., Drége; Komgha Div.; near the Kei Sven below

tab ReEcion: Jansenville Div . (?); near the Sunday River, Drége ;

Sonn erset Div.; -near the Bl yde River, Burchell, 2976! Graaff Reinet Div. ; ;

stony hills near Graaff Beinst, 2600 ft., Bolus, 674! Ecklon! Albert

667!

sane REGIon: Diamond Fields. Ne/son, 32. Orang: ide cl State; with-

out precise locality, Hutton ! Transvaal, Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5702

Eastern Recion: Griqualand East; Kokstad, 5000 ft., Tyson, 1410! Natal ;

common between 2000 and 2500 ft., Buchanan, 263 ! Umpumulo, 2000-2500 ser 9

Buchanan, 264! Hills near the Umlazi River, Krauss, 183! Durban, Drég

McKen, 109! Buchanan, 30! by the Umzimkulu Rive r, Drege, and es che

Umkomanzi River and the Umiazi River, Dréye ; Salagee Dey, Forb

25. P. levifolium (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 378); annual ;

culms fascicled, erect or ascending, 1-21 ft. long, glabrous, com-

es “Bade Ruen, Shortly ering a5. ‘@ very acute pis 3-8 i 5

rect

repeatedly and very laxly divided from 1-11 in, above the base,

branchlets pat ab eRe to capillary, sing - ultimate

406 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Panicum.

than long, clasping, very obtuse or subacuminate, 3-1 lin. long;

upper glume thin, subherbaceous, oblong, obtuse, slightly over 1 lia.

long, 7-9-nerv ed; lower floret ¢ ; mate like the upper glume,

9-nerved ; pale subequal to the valve; anthers} lin. long; ¢@ floret

elliptic-oblong, subobtuse, 1 lin, long, whitish, quite smooth ; valve

Nl 5-nerved ; grain ner obtuse

Katanari Reaion: Transvaal; Donker ock, ae 6552! Hooge Veld,

Naeweci "Porter aud Trigaards ‘Bass tein, sens 614! Pretoria, at udus

ere t, Rehmann, 4697! Bosh Veld, between Blands River and Klippan, Rehmann,

26. P. meyerianum (Nees, Fl. Afr, Austr. 32); perennial ;

culms ascending from a decumbent branched rooting base (always 4),

rather stout, 2— 3 ft. long, terete, glabrous, 5- to many-noded, sheathed

all along or the upper 1-2 internodes exserted ; leaves more or less

glaucous; sheaths rather loose, glabrous, except at the pubescent

nodes, or with scattered tubsrele- based hairs; ligule a fringe of very

short hairs ; blades linear-lanceolate from a rounded contracted base,

long tapering to a tine point, 4-8 in. by 3-6 lin., glabrous except at

the re aed villous junction with the sheath ; panicle subpyramidal,

3-6 in. long, up to 4 in. wide; axis very sle nder, angular, glabrous

or pubescent below the nodes, angles scaberulous at least in the upper

part ; branches usually obliquely spreading, scattered or the lower

opposite or subopposite, the upper simple or subsimple, racemose ;

the lower distantly branched almost from the finely tomentose base,

more or less secund, filiform, scaberulous, the lowest up to 3 in.

, ovate-oblong, acute to subacuminate, 12 lin. long,

pipheous, glaucous, contracted at the base into a very short stalk ;

ower glume minute, truncate or ee hyaline, white or purplish ;

upper membranous, oblong, acute to subacuminate, faintly 5-nerved ;

lower floret ¢; bh gh like the upper glume ; pale equal to the valve,

seri, ie anthers + ‘lin. lon ng ; 4 floret et obtuse or oe

Fas GION: Natal near the Umzimkulu River, Drége! banks of the

Tugela River, Duckie 266!

so in tropical Ara The Abyssinian P. sehimperianwm, Hochst. ex A.

Rich., is hardly sce distinet.

spongy below. w, a out . ‘long, nn veg smooth, sonaasstionbel

sheathed all along, or the bd internodes pole su rls

Panicum] GRAMINE& (Stapf), 407

up to 1 ft. by 2-4 lin., flat, smooth below, very scabrid above, some-

— Hohe a few fine hairs , midrib w itish ; panicle erect or nodding,

d und, narrow or rather open, ~_ 10-14 in. long ; axis

partly solitary of the lower 3—4-nate at very unequa yaconzemnd the

longest 6-10 in. long, undivided for 1-2 in. from the base, remotely

branched, filiform, subflexuous and, like the very fine Penawleth

angular and usually very paeal ne ; pedicels at 2-nate, unequa ual,

suberect, the longer up to 22 lin. long, tips slightly thickened ;

spikelets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, scare ely

compressed, 14 lin. long, greenish ; lower glume hyaline, whitish,

— clasping at the base, truncate, 3-2 lin, long, obseurely 3—5-

n glume thinly membranous below, oblong to oblong-

esetlate, acute to subacuminate, 11 lin. long, prominently 7-9-

8 3 e ret barren; valve like the r pale

oblong, subacute, 2-keeled, 1 lin. long; ¢ floret narrowly oblong,

cut t in, long, smooth, shining, yellowish; vat ub-

coriaceous, onic anthers iy lin. long; grain over } lin. long,

white. P. paludosum, Nees, Afr. Austr. 35; Durand Y Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 758, not hid.

Var. y ae eter (Stapf) ; culms subsimple or paragon branched ;_ blades

~9 in. b 4 lin,; panicle 3-9 in. long, stiff; axis, and branchlets

in. lo

a sb. gs wy. iil,

Sourn Oa Var. y : without precise lanai. Drége, 4271!

Coast ReGion: Var, a mgha Div.; by the Kei River, near Komgha

Flanagan, 953 ! i Div. 3 in caiated erect at Coldspring, near

mn, 761!

Var. any

Grahamstown (introduced », "Fiingan

Eastern ReGion: Var. 8: N tal, near the Umzimkulu River, Drége/

commor near Umpumulo, Buchanan, 267! near Durban, Williamson, 21!

Var. i ih oceurs also on the River Shire in + pateming whilst var.

— m is common throughout India in marshes and still w

polymorphous species inhabiting India, a brasatgi and the Atlantic side

of don om Maine to the Argentine ; elsewhere very rare and apparently intro-

ical form occurs only in he Atlante States of North America,

uced. T

and is distingeibot by its annual duration, rather low growth, prolific ramitica-

ae an = “8 oe sg doreer of the spikelets, this. upper glume being 7- and the

wer on y o-n

ing branches from some or aa of the nodes, sheathed all along,

glabrous or hairy below the paniele or nodes; leaves more or less

(often very copiously) hirsute or villous, rarely subglabrous ; sheaths

lax ; ligules membranous up to 2 lin, long, eee a linear to

linear-lanceolate, pe: tapering to a fine ba ng

te con-

408 GRAMINE (Stapf). { Panicum.

- then opening out from the top downwards, up to 1 ft. or

re by $ t. 5 ; rhachis angular, often sparsely pee smooth ‘alow

1 ft. long; branchlets long, finely filiform to ss at length

Exreeenh, seabrid ; pedicels very unequal, from + lin, more than

2 in. long, capillary, very scabrid, tips subclavate ; sikelats ae

to lanceolate-oblon ng, acu minate, from less than 1 to 1+ lin, lon

lower Anite reduced to the valve, which very much resembles the

upper e; ¢ floret oblong, subacute, 3-2 lin, long, very smooth,

reach ‘Alen ; gy faintly 7-nerved; Anthers 1 lin. long.

Host, Gram. Austr. iv. t. 16; Kunth, Enum. i. 114 ; ; ‘Trin. Pan.

Gen. 203, and in Mim. Acad. Pétersb. sér. vi. lii, 291 ; Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum. i

sokaanant heaee: Orange Free State; without precise locality, Cooper,

A native of North America ; introduced elsewhere.

miliare (Lam. Illustr. i. 173); annual; culms erect or

geniculate, 1-3 ft. song glabrous, 3-5- noded, usually with flowering

b es from some of the nodes; leaves glabrous, very rarely more

or in pa with tuberele-based hairs; sheaths loose, strongly

striate, smooth, longer or F shorter than the internodes ; ligules very

pound, lax or ae 1-1 ft. long; axis slender, striate, smooth;

branches alternate, 2- or 3-nate, the spit Sys distant, filiform,

angular, seabernlous, the longest 21 t than 6 in. long, un-

va seeiie ly 0 late api — or minate, 1 to almost } the

pallid or ineownishe valve siiriaonita, 7. -ne at anthers } ‘lin long.

Kunth, Enum. 104; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 39; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum. i. 78 Dare nd & Schinz, Conep. Fl. Afr. v.54; Hovk. f. Fl.

Brit. Ind. ¥

<a bom Natal; between Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi River,

Commonly cultivated all over ingite son a possibly originated from P. psilopodium,

Trin., an equally common Indiay

Panicum.) GRAMINER (Stapf). 409

30. P. repens (Linn. Sp. Plant. ed. ii. 87); perennial ; rhizome

long, creeping ; innovation shoots extravaginal, often growing into

] i t

linear, shortly tapering to a callous point, 23-6 in. by 1}-3 lin.,

usually involute, rarely flat, rigid, spreading, glaucous, glabrous or

hairy, particularly on the upper surface, margins cartilaginous, smooth

or adpressedly spinulous and sparingly tubercled near the base ; panicle

strict, contracted, 3-8 in. long; branches usually erect, solitary or

2-3-nate, the lower remote and 2-6 in. long, sparingly divided,

filiform, often wavy, angular, scaberulous ; pedicels usually solitary,

the lateral about } lin, long, the terminal much longer, scabrid, tips

subeupular; spikelets ereet, ovate-oblong, acute, 1-13 lin. long,

glabrous, pallid ; lower glume subhyaline, whitish, very broad, rounded

or sometimes shortly subacute, 5-3-nerved to nerveless ; upper glume

thin, membranous, except the firmer tip, 1-14 lin. long, 9~7-nerved ;

gene finely 7-nerved ; grain white, $ lin. long. Forsk.

269; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 37; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. | SR

leiogonum, Delile, Fl. Egypte, 51; Poir. Encycl. iv. 284; Kunth, luc.

3 Steud. lc. 79; Barbey, Herbor. Levant. t. 8; Aschers. &

Schweinf. Illustr. Fl. Egypte, 160; Durand & Schinz, l.c. 752.

: Coast Recon: Clanwilliam Div. ; Wupperthal, 1500-2000 ft., Drége, 2556!

cklon, Bosch Kloof Valley, Drége, Ecklon.

yi troushont the Mediterranean Region and India to South China and the

alayan Archipelago; elsewhere introduced Gf)

a8 ranous minutely or obscurely ciliate rim; blades linear to

t ceolate-linear from a usually widened and rounded base, tapering

° an acute point, 5-8 in. by 2342 lin., flat, suberect, slightly rigid

vlan netimes flaccid, glabrous or sparsely hairy, glaucous or sub-

S’aucous, margins smooth or seaberulous, more or less tubercled

6 j ards the ; icle erect or nodding, lax, 4-9 in. long, up to

in. broad when fully expanded; axis very slender, smooth, at least

410 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Panicum.

below ; branches solitary, opposite or 2—4-nate, distant, the lowest

4—7 in. ‘long, filiform to capillary, straight or flexuous, poaely divided

rom 3~21 in, above the base, scaberulous or smooth ‘below ; pedicels

solitary or 2-nate, unequal, the longer 1-13 lin., with cupular tips ;

spikelets scattered or in scattered clusters or more or less approximate,

oblong, acute, 1-12 lin. long, eet green or purple ; lower glume

very broadly ovate, acute, up to 2 lin. long, 3- to sub-5-nerved ; upper

lume oblong, subacute, sonia 7T-nerved ; lower floret 33

valve like the upper glume, sometimes very slightly longer, 9-nerved ;

oret narrow, oblong, subacute, almost 1 lin. long, yellowish,

shining, smooth ; valve 7-nerved; anthers {—$ lin. long. Kunth,

m. i.

ser. Vi. lii. 270; Fig. et De ibe in Mem. Ace. Torin. sey ii. x1v

355; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.i. 73; Aschers. & rnin & - Fi.

Figypte, Se Suppl. 778; Daren & Schinz, Consp. Fl, Afr. v. 7483

not Nees.

(in pa

ALAHARI ReG@ion: Bechuanaland; Batlapin Country, Holub! Transvaal,

in — Nelson, 36*!

eiet RN RuGion : Natal; banks of the Tugela River, 600 ft., Buchanan,

Also in Egypt, Nyasaland and on the Lower Zambesi.

The spikelets are very similar to those of P. repens, but on the whole smaller.

This, together with the mode of growth and lag more graceful and ampler

ramification of the ar a makes the distinctio of P. coloratwm from broad-

leav orms of P. repens easy. . coloratum "of Ja acquin (Ie. i. 12), which is

often quoted as synonymous with P. coloratum, Linn., is identical with P.

virgatum, Linn., an American plant.

. P. minus piles est culms densely tufted, mostly

with intravaginal erect innovation shoots on an oblique, generally

short, rhizome, erect or bhictttte,: slender, 1-11 ft. long, glabrous,

-noded, internodes (at least the upper) exserted ; leaves

sinkeokie or more or less beset with scattered fine rigid hairs, rather

crowded at the base; sheaths tight, striate, g glabrous, rarely finely

villous or silky at the nodes, the ‘lowest firm, fugaciously tomentose

nih the base, persistent; ligule a fine ciliolate or ciliate-membranous

;_blades linear, tapering to an acute point, gradually passing into

the sheath, 3-6 in. by 1-2 lin., firm, usually tightly convolute, sub-

over 1 to almost 1} lin. long, green tinged with purple, glabrous ;

os glume membranous, bees broad, rotindate-ovate to ovate, ones!

to subacuminate, equalling 1_2 of the spikelet, 1-nerved with ©

Panicum.} GRAMINEHX (Stapf). 411

without 1-2 short side-nerves on each side; upper glume ovate-

oblong, acute or subacute, 1 to almost 12 lin, long, distinctly T-

nerved ; lower floret ¢; valve like the upper glume, 9-nerved ; pale

oblong, obtuse ; ¢ floret elliptic, subacute, 1 lin. ong, smoo "

shining, yellowish, in 7-nerved ; he ers as lin. ong.

P. coloratum, va in Linne a, i. 274; var. capense,

Nees, Fl. Afr. dole ri Durand & Sahar, Consp. Fl. Afr.

lng

R. B, “ompeory (Stapf); taller blades ara flat and less rigid or sometimes

Pa ten 1-2 lin. broad ; D

lower branches 463 in. long. P. pee m, mee, y, in part, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

38*, coloratum, rar. glaucum, Hock, in Engl. Jahrb. xi. 399 ; Durand Ff

Schinz, ‘Ooen. Fil, Afr. v. 743,

Coast Rzcion : Uite enhage Div.; without 2 gemee locality, Ecklon ¥ Zeyher,

478! “tired Div.; by the e gore River, r Komgha, Flanagan, 949 !

Var, 8: Bathurst t Div.; Port Alfred, Hutton ! Alba we Div. ; in grassy places near

Grahamstown, 2000 tt., tishet. 514! aBCS) Queenstown, Div.; Finchams

Nek, ag Queenstown, 4000 tt. , Galpin, 2375

CENTRAL Region: Richmond Div. ; Secbus Veld, Limon Fontein and Gre

Tafelberg, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Var. B: aia et Div., Bowker, 182! rn pa

lv.; Wonderhe uvel, 4000-5000 ft., Drége!

- rag mens REGION: Little Mawijaages: near Verlaptpraam, by the Orange

iver,

——- HARI ReGion: Orange Free State; = the re —_ Burke, 424!

tT. 8: Griqu plana We St, ome saat, betw u Griqua Tow Graaff Reinet,

eiltivated specimen, Burchell, seed, 19! p ne vii Griqua Town, sg 1843 !

along the Vaal River, Burch, 1779! between Griqua Tov itte ria

Burchell, 1979 ! and between Witte Water and Riet seen, Bursa il, 2005 !

places decay Kimberley, 4000 ft., Marloth, 862! Bechuanaland ; stony hike near

Kuroman, Mutoh, 1519 ! Groot Knil Fontein, 3900 ft., Marloth, 992"! Transvaal ;

near cme din nesb urg, #.

Nees quotes his P. co oratum also from the eraatedie 3 noma : Tulbagh

Waterfall (alba Div 135 ‘beiewoen the Coega River and t as ay River, and

r ausdo

Div.) ; but as e has mixed up not less than 3 species under this ee. these

determinations pa doubtful.

The densel ly-tufted he and the very narrow blades distinguish this species

from P. coloraty um, Lin:

ler, ’

+ ft. long glabrous terete, with about 2 exserted nodes; petites

mostly ero wded at the base; sheaths tight, striate, ciliate, ant

usually villous at ‘the junction with the blade, otherwise glabrous or

ie ingly and softly hairy, the lower very firm, fugaciously | perenne

1 s Persistent ; ligulea minutely ciliate rim ; es 0 a

linear, gradually passing into and often distinetly narrowed iow

le ae — pen. sometimes flat, rigid, glabrous except the more or

: T villo

re o

1 ched, oblong, 4—8 in. long ; axis slender, scaberulous ; branches

Ly ilary,:2- ur. 3-nate or. irregular approximate, the longest 2-3) in.

"8, and undivided for 3-1} in., then laxly branched, Sliform,

412 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Panicum.

scabrid, branchlets subcapillary or score pedicels solitary or

2-nate, peg , the longer often 3-5 lin. long, capillary,

seabrid, tips subcupular ; apioliets eden obliquely ovoid and

obliquely acuminate, slightly over 1 lin. long, greenish or more or

less purplish, gaping, prominently nerved; glumes similar, almost

boat-shaped, ovate to oblong-ovate, acute or subacuminate ; ; lower

about 1—8 the length of the spikelet, often mucronulate, 5—7-nerved ;

upper equalling the spikelet, 7-nerved ; lower floret ¢ ; valve very

similar to the upper glume, 5-nerved; pale equal to the valve,

oblong, subaeute, flaps very broad at the base; anthers }—} lin.

long; ¢ floret t oblong, obtuse, 2 lin. long, smooth, shinin

yellowish, tips sometimes’ purplish ; valve ‘subcoriaceous, very faintly

5-7-nerved. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 87; Durand g Schinz, Consp.

48,

SoutH paket : without precise em Drege, 4266! 4278! 4279!

KatanHari Region : Transvaal ; aan rton, Umlomati Valley, 4000 ft., Galpin,

1362! = he og Poort, Nelson, 14

TERN REGION ar atal; at aa mouth of the biargeeeny: River, Drége ;

between the Umtentu and the Umzimkulu Rivers, Drége ! near Durbau, Drége /

M’ Ken, 133! W petals 25! Ingone, Sutherland ! and without precise s loculity,,

Buchanan, 117! ! Gerrard, 477!

Also in eal

34. P. natalense ate in Flora, 1846, 113); perennial; com-

pactly tufted, whole plant glabrous; cu ulms erect, slender, wiry,

4-1} ft. long, 1-2-noded, pesca internode usually long exserted ;

leaves crowded ‘n ear the ‘base ; sheaths terete, tight, firm, “the lowest

persistent ; ligule an obseurely ciliolate rim; blades filiform, % to

over 1 ft. long, $—1 lin. thiek, terete, acute, canaliculate, wiry,

flexuous, Nye rarely partly flat, swnely noreee and sometimes

ci css more or stn obtuse, 5-nerved ; lower floret gd; val)

like the glumes; pale subequal to the valve; anthers 3-2 lin

mooth ; valve coriaceous, faintly 5-nerved. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

i 88; Durand § Sehinn Consp. Fl. wads v. 756.

KatanaRt ReGion toland ; prec ocality, 920!

Tran eae Hou shee, & Rehmann, 3690! § eciak Rabkin: fis the Stee ‘ Poort River,

Nelson, gl*! Keeron River, Nelson, 47*! between Middelburg and the rocodile

ug et ~ ms, 1666!

w Region: ee priestess 4000 ft., Baur, | 1152 Natal,

Novelo ‘ills, 7000 ft., Sutherland! margins of woods near the Umlazi River,

= i. 188 | Inanda, Wood: 1592! and without precise locality, Buchana”,

3! 258!

Panicum] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 413

. 85. P, Ecklonii (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 43); perennial; com-

pactly tufted, innovation shoots intravaginal; culms erect, very

slender, 1-12 ft. long, glabrous, 1-noded, in. above the base,

hairs; sheaths. tight, shortly bearded at the nodes and often at the

or the lowest 2-nate, suberect, loosely divided almost from the

base or from 3~} in. above it, ultimate branchlets 4—1-spiculate,

capillary, flexuous ; pedicels 1-4 lin. long, tips subclavate ; spikelets

oblong, obtuse, 11-11 lin. long, erect, glabrous, pallid or tinged with

purple; glumes herbaceously-membranous, nerves running out into

teeth ; lower broad, ovate, 2-1 the length of the spikelet, 3-nerved

and 3-toothed ; upper glume oblong, 3—5-toothed, 5-nerved, equalling

3 to 4 the length of the spikelet ; lower floret barren, reduced to the

valve which is similar to the upper glume and 1} lin. long; ¢ floret

oblong, acute, equalling the lower floret ; valve subcoriaceous, white

or yellowish or purplish towards the minutely hairy, subrostrate tip,

7 -herved ; anthers 1lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 87; Durand

& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 748.

oor RuGton ; Albany Div.; Grahamstown, 2000 ft., McOwan, 1016!

K agan, 760! and without precise locality, Williamson ! Stockenstrom .5

“triviers Berg, above the wood-zone, Ecklon; Kat Berg, 4500-5000 ft., in

marshy places, Drége! King Williamstown Div. ; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan,

' Komgha Div., near Komgha, Flanagan, 939 !

Katawarr Recion: Orange Free State ; without precise locality, Cooper, 917!

» ASTERN ReGion: Tembuland; Bazeia Mountains, Baur, 751! Griy

ast, grassy places at the foot of the Zuur Bergen, 350u ft., Tyson, 1868!

aap allied to P. pectinatum, Rendle, from Nyasaland which has different

nd glandular pedicels.

36. z. interruptum (Willd. Sp, Plant. i. 341); perennial ; culms

ascending from a creeping, rooting base, 3—5 ft. high, stout, very

Spongy, internodes mostly exserted ; leaves glabrous ; sheaths loose,

f ‘i ined, the submerged sometimes spreading,

shaper and bladeless; ligules membranous, truncate, up to 1 lin.

‘ 3-95 lin.; axis stout, sulcate, smooth ; branches spirally

8 +]

long, divided from the base or reduced to fascicles of dise-tipped

cu cels 5 spikelets oblong, acute or subacute, sometimes slightly

es 17-2 lin. long, us, olive-green with dark tips; lower

| ra hyaline, almost orbicular, 4-1 the length of the spikelet, finely

9-n “nerved ; upper herbaceous-membranous, oblong, prominently

*tved ; lower floret barren; valve like the upper glume; pale

414 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Panicum.

about 2 the length of the valve, hyaline; ¢ floret, oblong, obtuse,

whitish or yellowish, 1-14 lin, long ; valve chartaceons, obscurely

5-nerved ; anthers 2 lin. long. Kunth, Enum. i. 87 ; &, Bhs, AS¥:

Austr. 51; Steud. Syn. Pl. “pers 9 66; Durand § Sihine, Consp.

Fl. Afr. v. 751; Hook. f. Fl. Ind. v ii. 40, uliginosum,

» 34;

Roth, Noo. Fi. Spec. 4 e. cea ee Kunth, es Gram. i

Enum. i. 88; Steud. l.c. 66.

EASTERN REGION: aad in stagnant water near Durban, Drége, 4709!

Durban Flat, Wood, 3589

Throughout tropical Africa and India to South China and Malaya.

his species is meng referred to the — a dmg the type of “!

” en OP.

is the South Americ Mywrus, Lam. reduced it

Myurus. But they yen! as an sag kee apes very different ee

s, Lam., its im allies, which form the section Hymenachne,

have very narrow and very iistdie? marae sp ikelets with a 5-nerved upper glume

and a 5-nerved lower valy eb _ csiet least the lower) of the very com-

divided, even in those species

pound panicle are long or very long, a

where they are contracted into a ayinuiris false spike.

37. P. typhurum (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted ; culms erect, slender,

2~3 ft. long, glabrous, 3- noded, uppermost internode long exserted,

smooth, up to 3 lin. long, divided from the base or reduced t

fascicles of disc-tipped pedicels ; spikelets ovoid, turgid, slightly

oblique and often eurved, acute to subacuminate, 1 lin. long, dull

purplish, giabrons or hairy; glumes membranous, lower broadly

ovate, acute, 3 the length of the spikelet, 3- to sub-5-nerved ; uppe

ovate, curved, very concave, 7—9-ribbed ; — floret ¢ ; valve like

the upper clume, but less concave an d eu a ; pale a about 3 3 the

long; ¢ floret

ovate- oblong, acute, 2 lin. ‘long, whitish or lt esr a char-

taceous, obscurely 5-nerved.

oe Region: Transvaal; Naboon Fontein, on the Nylstroom River,

Nelson, 74*

Also in the Manganja Hills, Nyasaland.

38. P. curvatum (Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 732); perennial ;

culms ascending from a decumbent or rambling base, very slender,

many-noded, glabrous, internodes ex Sater: sheaths tight, striate,

ciliate along the margins, otherwise glabrous or sparsely y; ligule

a very narrow, minutely ciliolate rim ; blades more or less spreading:

linear to linear-lanceolate from a strongly and meee conse

base tapering to an acute point, 2-4 in. by 2~3 lin,, flat, t

Panicum. | GRAMINER (Stapf). 415

glabrous or sparsely hairy ai the base, smooth, margins scabe-

rulous ; panicle erect, contracted and linear, or open and ovate, 1-3 in.

long; axis slender, sa branches _ arranged, rather

distant, not very numerous, the lower up to 12 in. long, loosely

divided almost from the base, subcapillary, smooth ; lateral pedicels

very short and fine, tips discoid; spikelets curv ved, semi-ovate to

suboblong, aeute or obtuse, 1-12 lin. long, green, strongly nerved ;

lower glume very minute, broadly ovate to orbicular, nerveless ;

upper sr oage the spikelet, very concave, gibbous below, strongly

curved, acute or obtuse, membranous, 9-ribbed ; lower floret ba arren ;

valve oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, straight, oe -~ lower

glume, herbaceous on the sides and at the “tip, nerve floret

elliptic-oblong, acute, * lin. long, strongly convex ; valve ausiteces

very obscurely 5-nerved ; anthers lin. long. Kunth, Enum. i. T;

Nees, ‘ tee Austr. 50 (excl. syn.) ; Dur anil g Shine, Megic Fi.

Afr. v ; K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ke fe te

Brit. Sar vit. 42. P. curvatum, var. tenellum, nae ie: ia.

er syn. Roxb. & sage rg! ‘coryophorum, Kunth, Rév. Gram. i.

107 ; Enum. i. 88; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 67; Durand &

Schima’ le. 744,

N Reoton: Natal; between Umzimkulu River and Umko

River, Drége, 4252! Coastla nd, see pe i near Durban, Williamson, 30!

and without precise locality, Gerrard, 47

Also in the Mascarene Islands and in South India.

nei known a

ae elev (Link, Hort. Berol. ii. 215); culms often

branched, up to 2 ft. long; ‘sities elabrons, striate ; blades long,

scarcely more ties 3 lin. “broad, very finely an softly pu bescent ;

panicle elongate, slender, nodding, emda seantily divided ; » spikelets

about 1 lin. lon ng, glabrous; glumes acute, lower 4 the ‘len gth of

upper, this and the lower valve acute, many-nerved.”

Raised in the ae Botanic Gardens from seeds stated to have been received

from the Cape of Hope.

40. P. yieatalaa' (Bory ex sh Agrost. Bras. 236) is in-

oes for the Cape Colony in Durand & “Schinz, pee Fl, Afr.

and in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 14; but this is

aunts a slip, as Marloth’s specimens quoted under that name are

referred to P. madagascariense, var. minus, Hack. I have not seen

P. lycopodioides from the African continent.

XV. OPLISMENUS, Linn.

Spikelets —. to oblong, awned from the glumes, falling

a from the pedicels, in small clusters or in spicate more or less

cund racemes alon common axis. Lower floret ¢ or barren,

umes ‘ Glum nes similar, more or less subequal, herbaceous to

membranous, 3—7-nerved, both or at least the lower awned. Lower

valve resembling the upper glume, 5-9-nerved, muticous or very

416 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [Oplismenus.

shortly awned, with or without a hyaline 2-nerved or more or less

Grain hy enclosed by the hardened valve and pale, oblong;

hilum basal, oblong; embryo about + the length of the grain.

Pereunial often weak grasses with eaten many-noded branched and ascending

culms, the internodes of which have usually a decurrent villous line facing the

subtending leaf; ligules thinly membranous, very short, Prcnptars ciliate ; blades

at, thin, often slightly asymetrical; spikelets in small clusters or in spicate

prone fangesy i generally secund on a slender triquetrou or 3-winged

is ; the awn of the lower glume by far the longes

abate about 8, in all the warmer parts of the world.

The genus consists of 2 distinct groups, one, character psi by smooth rather

thick and obtuse more or less viscous awns, corresponding to R. Brown’s genus

hopogon, and another with capillary scabrid awns “Section Scabrisetz,

Schlechtend.). The latter is not represented in South Afric

. africanus (Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 15, t. 68, fig. 1); peren-

g decum bent rooting

base, 1-1} ft. high, slightly compressed below ; sheaths rather

from a slightly rounded base, acuminate, 2-5 in. by 4~—7 lin. (those of

the lower leaves and barren shoots often much smaller and ovate-

lanceolate), fiat, thin, dull green, soft, scantily and minutely hairy to

almost ve — ati scaberulous above, at least upwards, margins

scabrid ; racemes 3-8 on an erect straight or flexuous more or less

3-wing ed shen or finely hairy axis, the lower distant, erect or

shdiaeely spreading, 3-9 lin. long, rarely longer, the upper closer,

much shorter or reduced to 2—3-spiculate clusters, the axis usually

terminated by a solitary spikelet; rhachis of racemes straight, tri-

are em dorsally flat, greyish from very minute adpressed hairs,

y fringed with tuber ele-based bristles ae the African speci-

brian tomentose or hispid at the base ; s 2-nate or solitary,

very short and stout, usually with a few aca spikelets ovate-

oblong, about 1+ lin. tongs greyish-green or green, ‘minutely bearded

at the base ; glumes subequal, 1-12 lin. long, thinly herbaceous,

ovate to elliptic, produced into filiform dabobteie smooth more or

less viscous often purplish awns, hairy at least near the margins,

rarely quite glabrous, lower 5-nerved, awn 3-6 lin. long, upper 7-5-

erved, awn . long; lower floret barren, rarely ¢, equalling

long ; aaa lin. ee gn Agrost. t,x i. fig. 3; ocak . i.

141; Nees, Fl. Ajr. Austr. 60; Durand g Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr ¥-

Axonopus. | GRAMINER (Stapf). AIT

771. O. loliaceus, Beauv. Agrost. 168 (O. foliaceus hie 5 eth y on

p. 54); Humb. § Bonp 1, Nov. Gen. et Spec. i. 106, not Lam, O hirtellus,

Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 481 (excl. syn. Mich.), not Schult. f. O.

brasiliensis, Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 40. O. velutinus, Schult. f. Mant.

li. 271; Kunth, Enum. lc. O. —— Steud. Nomencel. ed. 2, ii.

260. Panicum hirtellum, Linn. Amen. Acad, v. 391 ; Sw. Obs. 35;

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 44 (the Wes t inlein plant). BP. loliaceum,

Lam, Encycl. iv. 743 (the West Indian plant, not illustr.). P. afri-

canum, Poir, Encyel. oo iv. 275. P. nelutinum, FE. Mey. Prin.

Fi. Pe 51; Steud. lc. P. compositum, var. 1, Trin. wane Py ow

#4. fe glee var. y, Trin. Gen. Pan. 124, - in Mém.

‘ta Pétersh. sér iii, 212.. PB. ylvaticum, Steud. l.c. 45 (in

part), not Lam. P. “compiti, Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. ii. 146

(at least in part). Orthopogon sp., 2 Br. Prodr. 194, in obs. O.

hirtellus, Spreng. Syst. i. 306, not Nutt. O. loliaceus and O.

velutinus, Spreng. l.c. OU. africanus, Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. i. 448.

Var. 8, capensis (Stapf) ; poet ieog i ness Fogle in vibe clusters

of 4-2 (often n 2 ot 1 of them ced t rhe upperm solitary,

rather longer than in the type. we dhs gg Hochst irae, “1846, iid . se rams

fraussit, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 45; and. pipet iy 752,

Var. y, simplex (Stapf) ; sre very slender and weak ; blades linear-

fassinrihe to linear, 1-3 in. b in., acute or acutely and often finely

acuminate ; itches Pita or the lowest an the upper solitary, rarely 4-3

(of which sometime: or hy to an vices in clusters or very short

Cao racemes ; piel elet ay lin, ong, glabrous ; Ie 13-2 lin, long.

O08 , K. Schu in Bayh B eget. raha 48 (name

‘ou REGION : ptt 8B: Albany Div.; in damp woods near Grahamstown,

MacOwan, 1208! ieee Plaats near Graham wow, under forest a oe

781! Knysna Div.; by streamlets in woods n r Kn nysna, Krauss

Pein Williamstown pe 3; Dohne Mountain, in a papers kloof, 4400 ~y Galpin,

‘TRAL REGION: ee B: Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, in very shady

RI scored : Var. 8: Transvaal; Houtbosch, rat 5735!

EastTERN REGION: Natal; between the Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers,

Drége, 4336! between Mapumulo and Riet Vlei, escuhe 5000 ft., aig ore, 219!

i Var.

is")

anda, Wo

The typical form also in tropical Africa and Picco and in the Sandeeak

Islands; var. y also in tropical Africa and the Mascarene Islands.

The European 0. wn ndulatifolius, Bea very much resembles the var.

capensis, eg differs only in stg abseuce of tubercle Saw hairs on the heath and

the axis of the inflorescence, and in the more numerous nerves of the glumes

which are also, on the ‘while shiockar than in the ationn form

XVI. AXONOPUS, (Beauv.) Hook. f.

Spikelets ovate to lanceolate-oblong, mucronate or awned, slightly

or ee patie: jigs ressed from the back, falling entire from the

soli te or fascicled (and then very unequal) ticle of

more or ag die itate or whorled racemes ; lower floret ¢, upper @.

Glumes unequal, lower smaller, hyaline, 3-l-nerved, mucronate,

acute or acuminate, upper equal or subequal to a

VOL, Vit.

418 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Awonopus.

membranous, 5-nerved, mucronulate or muticous, submarginal

nerves densely villous or ciliate. Valves subequal, lower resembling

the upper glume, shortly or scantily villous or glabrous, upper

chartaceous, glabrous or scantily ciliate, 5-nerved, produced into a

mucro or short awn. Pa/es dissimilar, of the lower floret very short,

Styles distinct ; stigmas laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the

rigid valve and pale oblong, plano-convex ; embryo about } the

length of the grain ; hilum basal, punctiform

Annual or perennial, of various "beg blades flat or convolute ; ligules

membranous, ciliate, or reduced to a ciliate rim; panicles eta of digitate

or more or less whorled, slender or steak, ph spike-like ra ra

Species 3; one from South Africa and the vs ety 3 Islands to India and

Phe soy one in the Indo-Malayan Raye Me third (A. paniculatus, Stapf =

Urochloa paniculata, Benth.) in et

7 Sir Joseph Hooker cr Brit. Ind. vii. 63). This peo was made the type of a

new genus Coridochloa = Nees in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xv. 381, in 1833,

~ whilst he founded oe va cies described below another new genus, Bluffia, m

pages . Ind. Sem. Hort amb. 1835. This eaebarle small genus approaches

n the _ hand the Thchachae group of Digitaria, and on the other hand,

a Bi eeaiindv (Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 64) var. Ecklonii

(Stapf) ; perennial, compactly tufted; culms erect, 1-3 ft. long,

glabrous, or more or less hairy, usually 2-noded with the uppermost

internode long exserted ; sheaths strongly striate, rather tight, more

or less hairy, lowest fugaciously tomentose, firm, persistent ; ligules

very short, truncate; blades linear ghey a slightly or distinctly

narrowed base, acute, 3-12 in. by 2-3 lin., flat, firm, rigid, strongly

and closely nerved, softly hirsute with tubercle-based hairs ;

racemes 2-5, digitate or subdigitate, haar

stout and dense, often subsecund, 1}— Fs < One rarely oe

“hn J

Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. ed. ii. 447. Panicum semialatum, v4t-

ecklonianum, Hack. ex Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. Vv me

Coast Recion: Alexandria Div. ; Zaurberg Range, 2000-3000 ft., Drege;

Batharst Div. ; between Blue ‘Kensks and Kaffir Drift, Burchell, wash, * Albany

US ey Sa ae eet

Axonopus. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 419,

Div.; Grahamstown, MacOwan! aoe without precise locality, aa rc

Zeyher, 871! Stockenstrom Div.; grassy places on the Kat Berg, 3

ft., Drége! leigg oy Ecklon ! ihcalgis Div.; near the mouth of he Kel

River, apkpiiegs 928 !

mgr a ai West, Barkly West Div.; Hebron, on the

Veal. River, vileon is

aed “ombatan, near Bazeia, ar Somagt 316!

Natal; Umpumulo to Riet Vlei, 2000-5000 ft., Bucha ake r Durban,

Krauss, set Tah, "Wood, 1593! Drakensberg R Rauge at 5 Bolela, 6000-7000 ft.,

Evans, 521! and without precise locality, Gerrar 70

Also in Tndia,

The typical form, sei we Bs o R. Brown’s Panicum semialatum, with

narrow usually co oe a cglabecns or amen blades, generally much

longer and laxer raceme my on the whole, smaller narrower and nearly always

light green spikelets, occurs in Australia, Malaya, India, and the Mascareue

Islands, In India, it passes — var. Ecklonii, and intermediate forms occur also

in Nyasaland. A curious variation is due to the widening of the submarginal

nerves of the soe or ae fimbriate and sometimes transversely — and

very conspicuous wings. common to the type and the variety Ecklonii, and

ay occur in all the Rie of an inflorescence or only in a limited wea. the

others being quite normal.

XVII. SETARIA, Beauv.

Spikelets ovate to oblong, falling entire from the pedicel, sub-

e (see Section Ptychophyllum), sub-

sessile in contracted spike- cies or more or less open panicles. Lower

Stamens 3. Styles distinct; stigmas laterally exs

tightly enelosed by the hastened valve and pale, ae or ellipsoid ;

tn basal, punctiform or orbicular ; embryo about 2 1 as long as

Perennials or annuals of various habit ; ligules usually reduced to a ciliate rim,

rarely a s ducin ct membrane ; —— mostly ae gerrtgs ense, with the

nches

solitary or clustered spikelets o hich ar ore or less

produced into bristles beyond th "epkelets - divided ‘nth a one-sided ovristly

mvolucre at their base, or more or les pen with elongate branches an

distant spikelets, often with or without subtending bristles in the same

inflorescence; bristles always persis

Species es pro gos ich over 40 i hag the warm regions of the world, some common as

weeds in the m mperate parts

Chameraphis, R. ioe ae which 0% been Papa err a pecan

(1812), and for which priority has claimed over Set

consisting chiefly of Australian species ar well distinguished 4 che “aifferent

structure of the spikelets. The species of Setaria often very difficult to

distinguish, tage rly if the specimens are not complete as is often the case in

those cited below

Ee2

420 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Setaria.

Sec 1. PrycnopHyrttuM (A. Braun under Panicum). Blades long,

sileately “folded when young, ‘“ length sponte out ; panicles almost cies e or

more or less open with elongated branches and cro owde d or somewhat distant spike-

lets; bristles solitary, terminating the bra and branchlets and usually

also subtending at — a _ of the literal kane or sometimes in fascicles

at the base of the bra

Culms 5-12 ft. long; blades 14-3 ft. by 1-33 in. ;

oniag 1-2 fc. long; lower glume 3-, upper

“ef 5-nerved; fruiting valve smooth or

: ... (1) suleata.

Psy es fi. “Jong ; ‘blades er ft. by 44 1.-ity 5

panicle 4~1 ft. long, usually apikeclike 5 * lower

glume 5- to sub-7-, upper 7-nerved ; fruiti ing valve ‘

finely and closely wrinkled ... (2) lindenbergiana.

Section 2. Ev-Setaria (Stapf). Ligon not plicately folded when young;

panicles usually spike-like and dense or compact, with very short pokes

elongated) branches; bristles often crowded a more or less one-sided inv

lucres subtending solitary or clustered spikel

Blades ae ao ies oe er ... (3) appendiculata.

Blades not s

Perenni il pres olen cylindric ;_ bristles

inti —

sete aga prolly a ower glume 5-,

r 7-nerved, the ae Z the teosgah

of a silat op r les

s linear to linear-lanceolate, 3 4-2

y in.; tips of bristles

slightly hiekenad. blackish, almost

wre BEE

(4) nigrirostris.

trades very ow, more t vga ft.

by 14-2 fa, ocally volded * bristles

sender, not thi kened above, scabrid

along (5) Gerrardii.

Sik not or scarcely turgid ; lower

e 3-, upper 5-nerv:

erat ge 2 ft. high, 2°S-noded, uppe

m ode very slender aa

longer than the others taken to-

: icle 4-2 ty)

Blades usually coreg A

ute, 2-6 in. by 4-2 li h. (flat. i

tened out) (6) perennis.

Blades folded or ‘flat, 3-6 in. by

1-2 lin. (unfolded (7) flabellata.

Culms 2-6 ihe high, rather firm, 3- cs

(rarely m os: a icle 2 in.

to more then 1 ft. 1

of ;

vast ieee Steet Sieg (8) rigida.

i us close

ru Vv 8

slender, often orange-coloured ;

spikelets 1}-1} lin. long ..._- (9) aurea.

SSE Se aoe oe

Setaria. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 421

Annual ; pauicles cylindric, often lobed, dense,

or lax:

Bristles of panicle with the barbs

pointing upwards ;

Culms slender, weak ; blades 2-6 in,

by 1-3lin. ; panicles erect, slender,

4-8in. by 14-2 lin. ; fruiting valve

transversely wrinkled .,. ... (10) imberbis.

Culms often stont; blades 4-1} ft.

long by 3-10 lin.; panicles often

nodding, 14-12 in. by 4-12 lin.;

often lobed; fruiting valvesmooth (11) italica.

Bristles of panicle with the barbs reversed (12) verticillata.

bebe’ f n. long, terminating the branches and branchle and at

the base of some or most of the lower and middle spikelets ; pedicels

very short, scabrid, tips subdiscoid; spikelets oblong, acute, 1} lin.

long, glabrous, green or tinged with purple; glumes herbaceous-

bi t ‘so; valve ovate-oblong, acu ub-7-nerved, of the

Same texture asthe glumes; pale slightly shorter than its valve or

e or less reduced ; $ floret oblong, acuminate, 1} lin. long, tips

3 lin. long. Schult. JF. Mant. ii. 278. Panicum suleatum, Aubl. Guian.

1.90; A. Bertol. Excerpt.14 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 93; Trin. Pan. Gen.

132, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. vi. iti. 220 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

1.49. P. flabellatum, Steud. 1.c. 53. P. racemiferum, Wawra, Oecster.

bot. Zeitschr. 1862, 171. P. megaphyllum, Steud. l.c. 53. P. plicatile,

Hochst. in Flora, 1855, 198. P. excurrens, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 48 ;

Steud. le. 49 (in part), not Trin. P. nepalense, Steud, le. 49, and

Durand & Schinz, l.c. 756, not Spreng.

EAasTERN ReGion: Natal; near Durban, Driye : Pundoland 5 Uetwesa Umtata

422 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Setaria.

River and St. Johns River, 1C0C—2000 ft., Drége ; in woods and on rocks along

the ‘aeleee River, Drege ; between Hi Umiata River and he eigal layer,

and between the Umtenta River and Umzimkulu River, Drége.

Warcnistont tropical Africa and America.

2. S. lindenbergiana (Stapf) ; Shoes. culms erect, simple or

branched near the base, slender, 2-3 ft. long, glabrous or pubescent

and sometimes with long soft hairs near the stats, 5- or more-noded

with the lower internodes short and enclosed when simple; branches

few-noded ; sheaths tight, keeled above, striate, glabrous or hairy to

hirsute, lower firm, persistent, often strongly compressed ; ligule a

base, tapering to a fine point, 3-12 in. by 13-6 wr closely plicately

folded when young, at length opening out (folds 8-12), usually

glabrous, seaberulous above ; “panicle linear to ish usually almost

spike- like, often interrupted or lobed, dense or lax, 2-6 in. long ; axis

angular, pubescent ; branches alternate or irregularly nA IN

2-12 lin. long, filiform, wavy, puberulous, simple or divided from

near the ‘base; bristles solitary, fine, scaberulous, wavy, 1—5 lin. long,

terminating the branches and branchlets, or sometimes in fascicles at

the base of the branches or solitary at the base of the lower spikelets ;

pedicels very short, tips discoid; spikelets ovate-oblong, acute, 1-1}

lin. long, glabrous, light green or tinged with purple ; ‘glumes meli-

branous, broadly ovate, obtuse, lower 5- to sub-7-nerved, rather less

than } as long as the spikelet, upper 7-nerved, equalling ‘about = the

wrinkled ; anthers } in. long. Panicum lindenbergiaram, Nees

A aa Austr. 47; Se vogg Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 49; Durand & Schinz,

nsp. Fl. Afr.

yee AFRICA: eon exact yaad ati ai ! ent

Coast Resion: Bathurst Div lee guar Blue Kra <* Robber Station,’

Burchell, 3890! etween Port Alf ed and “Kali Drift, ‘archl, 3859 ! Alby

Div.; im shrubberies near Cirahamstown, 2 Fes, MacOwan, 12

has Berg, Ecklon

Grabamstown and Bothas ; Lower Albany ; Glenfilling, Driye !

Alexandria Div.; Enon, by “the river in Sta Pon thickets, hati ! Fort

eaufort Div.; grassy hills near Katriver Poo 00 ft., Drége! Queenstown

Div. ; a t Kei River, Ecklon British Katrari, ag 3356! Komgha Div. ;

borders pala near Koingt mS nagae, 947!

CE med Reeion: A cing iv. ; with ut precise locality, Cooper, 335

aaY Cone REGion: Orange ibe State, without precise locality, ee

Bas sTERN ReGIon: Natal; Inanda, Wood, 1419! in shady woods by the

Umgeni River, Krauss, 130!

Also in tropical East Atrica.

3. S. sppendiculata (Stapf) ; perennial ; culms erect, “— about

1 ft. long, glabrous; densely sheathed belo ow ; leaves glabro ower

sheaths subcom pressed ; igules short, ciliate ; ’ blades ifaeap inciowolade

from a deeply and acutely sagittate base, with subulate lobes, acuml-

Setaria. | GRAMINER (Stapf). 423

nate, sessile, 4—6 in. by 5 lin., scaberulous, margins subundulate, finely

nerved ; panicle linear, strict, dense, 33-5 in. long; axis glabrous ;

branches obliquely erect, crowded, 3-6 in. long, fine, glabrous ; bristles

solitary, shorter (rarely longer than the spikelet 0; pedicels

pubescent, very short; spikelets 2- ranked, debi brite, ovate, obtuse,

apiculate, Li in. long , subgibbous, green variegated with purple; glumes

ovate, obtuse, lower 2 as long as the spikelet, very broad, 3-nerve

upper equalling the spikelet, 7—9-nerved ; lower floret ¢; valve ovate,

apiculate, as long as the spikelet, grooved along the middle, 3~ 7.

nerved ; pale equal to the Pee 3 floret almost as long as the lower,

elliptic, slightly gibbous ; valve mucronulate, transversely ph

Panicum appendiculatum, "Wack. i n Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 13.

pretiay Reeion: Great Namaqualand; by the Onanis pry Pit 63c.

sagittefolia, Walp., but differing according to Hackel in the

Py ie -sagittate blades, the short bristles and less ri Mea spikelets.

nigrirostris (Durand & Schinz, Consp. FI. Afr. v. 774) ;

perennial ; rhizome oo oblique, egies culms aneete or sub-

geniculate, slender, 1 to more than 2 ft. long, compressed, satelite

and scabrid just below the panicle and italy more or Jess tomentose

below the nodes, otherwise glabrous and smooth, 1-3-noded, inter-

nodes usually enclosed except the uppermost ; sheaths tight, firm

strongly striate, glabrous except on the ciliate margins and tomentose

nodes, or sparingly hairy, Deen short and fugaciously hairy like the

innovation bud- ‘cule, very firm, persistent, dark brown ; ligules very

short, ciliate ; blades iineae to linear-lanceolate, often with a gradu-

3—4 lin., rather firm, flat or involute, glabrous, smooth or margins

scaberulous: ; panicle spike-like, cylindric, stout, rather dense, sometimes

interrupted, 1-5 in. by 3-5 lin. ; axis angular, finely villous ; branches

reduced to subsessile clusters of 2-3 spikelets or toa single spikelet,

each subtended by a fascicle of 3-4 or, if solitary, by as many as 8

coarse subflexuous scaberulous bristles 23-43 lin. long with slightly

thickened almost smooth and blackish tips; pedicels ech very

short, tips discoid ; spikelets turgid, obliquely ovoid, 13—21 lin. long,

pale with dark t tips, anny glumes s firmly m membranous, lower

D-nerved, uppe oblong, very coneave, subapiculate, almost

as the En or shorter by 3-1, 7-nerved ; lower floret ¢ ; igs

equalling the upper floret, oblong, s subapiculate, 5-nerv

equalling the valve; ¢ floret elliptic-oblong, slightly beaked ; “valve

5-nerved, very convex, finely honey-eombed, yellowish, beak purple

or blackish ; anthers 1~12 lin. long. nicum nigrirostre, pa

Afr. Austr. 55 ; Steud. S yn. Pl. Glum. i

arsenic without precise —S Dra ége!

Coast Recton : Komgha Div. ; Komgh», Flanagan, 938! Queen wn Div.

Five Nek, near Queenstown, 4000 ft. pg 3372! British I eatharie.

ooper, 3341!

KALAHARI REGION : Transvaal; Klerksdorp, near Schoen Spruit, Nelson, 51*!

Orange Free State ; on the Drak ensberg, near Harrismith, Buchanan, 113!

424 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [Setavia.

EasTErN REGION: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 296! Wales Riet

Vlei, 4000 ft., Buchanan, 174! near Cetin. 2000 ft., Wood, 4096

5. 8. Gerrardii (Stapf) ; A erage thizome short, premorse,

oblique ; culms erect, 21-3} ft. long ahha below, villous elose

and long ciliate rim; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a very long,

ine point, over 1 ft. by 14 2 “Blin. (unfolded), usually folded or involute

ove, flexuous, glaucous, glabrous, margins cartilaginous, scabrid ;

panicle spike-like, ylides. ‘dense 12-3 in by 3-4 lin.; axis subvillous ;

eset reduced to aihenotes elusters of 2 -3 aera or to a single

spikelet by 1, 7-nerved ; lower floret 7; valve equalling or slightly

exceeding the upper floret, oblong, 5-nerved, subapiculate ; pale equal

to the valve ; ; $ floret elliptie- oblong, slightly beaked, 14 lin. long;

valve very convex, 5-nerved, very finely honey- aoe pallid, some-

times with a dark spot near the tip ; anthers almost 1 lin, long.

VaR. Leia ahs (Stapf); panicle more slender, about 4 in. long; bristles

es 3-4 lin. long; spikelets livid purple ; lower glume shes. _* upper often

“hh

Kvn rnd ar. 8: Transvaal, Limyuba River, Nelson, 42*!

Eas REGION : Reade d; Leribe, Buchanan, 224! Natal; without

precise Voentiey, Sari, 681! Buchanan, 302 !

6. S. pereanis (Hack. in. Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 379); perennial,

densely exspitose ; culms erect, very slender, 8-16 in. long, slightly

rm, clos

sienssig ligule a neracsid ciliolate. im blades erect, a

single bere pon riarer by a subsessile one-tidéd involucre of 4-6

above; spikelets oblong, acuminate, apiculate, 1} lin. long, g, pallid,

glabrous ; glumes membranous, lower broadly “Se acute oF

subacute, about } as long as the spikelet or slightly longer, 3-nerved,

upper ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, shorter than a spikelet by

Setaria. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). , 425

4, 5-nerved ; lower floret ¢ ; valve oblong, aeuminate or apiculate,

12 lin. long, 5-nerved ; pale slightly shorter than the valve ; ; ¢ floret

slightly shorter than the elliptic-oblong, apiculate, pallid ; valve

very finely and closely transversely wr ee d, 5-nerved, tips obscurely

3-toothed or mucronulate ; antbers over 4 1 lin long.

t ReGIon: Machen Div.; Port PS Hutton ! Komgha Div. ; near

fomnshe. Flanegan, 936

KALanari pneu “Tran svaal, agen Distr., rege Poort, Rehm

4698; Makapans Mountains at Strey Poort, Rehm nn, 53885! Bloemhof on

o vai 3 tia Nelson, 67*! near eae. Wilms, 1768! Apies River,

clson

7. §. flabellata (Stapf); perennial; culms se i often with

i i r branched

not oie mn of 4-8 ne ergouire: Sm bristles 2-3 lin. long,

Saiki, upper ovate-oblong, subobtt ce" the len oth of the

slipin's blo gat i 3 or be so; ‘valve strongly convex,

often slightly be: aked, 5-nerved, very finely and closely transversely

wrinkled, yellowish, or tips purplish ; anthers 1 lin. long. S. dasyura,

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fi. Afr. vi. 772 (exel. part of syn. y not

Scone Panicum dasyurum, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 56 (excl. part

OF syn )

Coast Recion : Swellendam Div. ; ~~ the Zonder Einde River to the Breede

River, on dry hi , 500-2000 ft., Zeyher, 4465! Riversdale Div.; near

i 7

—

1 .; near Mel Burchell, 5468

Uitenhage Div. ; between Galgebosch aud Melk River, Burchell, 4767! near the

Zwartkops pals in grassy places, peas Shen without sheng a ren ee

E.S 1

Eh — 8. oe Herb., 103! Alexandria Div. ; near

Dre I ne ear Addo, Ecklon. Alban ; in woods on the ste ‘of the Bushman

River, Ecklon y Loubee, 844! esbaettons os 2000 is MacOwan, 1017! 1018!

places near Grahamstow acOwan, 1305a! 1305b! on the

i ms vs “trey alee nt amen "MO wien Ny “4317! Bathurst Div. ; pod

r Gi

Hution! ete i, 4021! aud between Port Alfred and K

Duitt, ibe oe 3839

426 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Setaria.

Katanart Reeton: Orange Free State; by the Caledon River, Burke! Draai

Fontein, Reimann, 3676!

JAS REGion: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 1158!

Schlechtendal’s Setaria dasyura was described from specimens raised from seeds

collected in the Nilgherris. It occurs also in Abyssinia and is a form of S. aurea,

from which S. flabellata differs very conspicuously in the formation of long stolons

or rhizomes and compressed more or less flabellate fascicles of shoots.

8. S. rigida (Stapf): perennial; culms erect, rather stout, over

ough.

sukangular, hairy; branches reduced to subsessile clusters of 5-8

partly arrested spikelets, each of which is subtended by 1 coarse

scabrid subflexuous bristle, 3-5 lin. long; pedicels very short, tips

cupular ; spikelets oblong, acute or subacute, slightly curved, slightly

over 1 lin. long, straw-coloured ; lower glume ovate or almost round,

oblong, membranous, 5-nerved; pale 0; ¢ floret oblong; valve

subcoriaceous, very finely punctate, 5-nerved; anthers over } lin.

long.

Eastern Region : Natal; Umpumulo, 2400 ft., Buchanan, 12! 173!

at least flowering the first year ; rhizome short, oblique, covered with

ciliate rim ; blades linear, long tapering to an acute point, 3-1} ft. by

1-4 lin. or rarely 6 lin., flat, rather firm, sometimes rather rigid and

Sete hE Ee

eee ‘.

Bly

Setaria. ] GRAMINE (Stapf), 427

long, pallid or purplish at the tips, glabrous; glumes very thin,

membranous, ovate, acute or subacute, whitish or purplish, lower

ete, + as long as the spikelet, upper 5-nerved, 3 as long

the spikelet, nerves faint ; lower floret ¢ ; valve equal or subequal

to the spikelet, flat or depressed along the middle, similar to the upper

glume ; pale subequal to the valve ; ¢ floret equalling or slightly

exceeding the ¢, plano-convex, oblong, usually minutely apiculate,

pallid or purplish upwards ; valve coriaceous, transversely wrinkled,

S-nerved ; anthers 3—1 lin. long; grain depressed ellipsoid, * lin.

F ‘ p. Afr. 121

Schum. in Engl. Pj. Ost-Afr. C. 104. 8. sel ae ie C. Muell. in

lL Bri 78

Bot. Zeit. 1861, 316. 8. ylauca, Hook. f. F t. Ind. vii. 7

ieartly) ; S. glauca var. elongata, Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. t. 118;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 773. Panicum —

Nees; Fl. Afr. Austr. 56, not Agrost. Bras. 242. Steud. P,

Glum. i. 50, not Willd. P. chr suntan, Steud Syn. pi! Glum.

i. 50; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 172.

Var. 8, pallida (Stapf) 5 Aico lee the 2 of short stolons, 3-4 ft. lon

riche ed below, - man 5-6 s much shorter than the a

strongly compressed rm prin a hele diy a and angie Bp tightly

folded ; panicles about 2-4 in. long with short pallid bristles. m dasyurum,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 56 (the South African platy, not tae Bras., nor

Schlechtend

Coast Recion: Var. 6: xandria Div. ; “ougeets Range, near Enon,

1000-2000 ft. Dae f ebegha Div ; hear r Kom ngha, Flanagan, 938!

CENTRAL Reet 10N: Var. 8B: Graaff Re erie 3; among shrubs on mountain

sides near Graaff Reinet, 3700 ft., gy Y

ALAHARI REGIon : Transvaal ; Cave “Mountain, Tabanas Kraal, Nelson,

S.0.A. Her

Eastern ReGion: Natal; Tmpneaney "Suther land! Nottingham, Buchanan

Alber Buchanan, 170! a ithout precise locality, Gerrard, 47 3!

169

Buchan

bee in sigue different forms throughout tropical Africa and Asia.

The mode of growth of var. pal ‘es is rather distinct, oS that of §

flabellata, Certain specimens of S. a from tropical Africa wever, come

rather near it in this r s respect, and it is possible that this pecan is merely due

to loea leon ditions, Paniram the Zw artkops

River (Uitenhage ok ) and from Addo (Alexandria Div.).

10. 8. imberbis (Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 891); annual; culms

often copiously fascicled

: h

1_3 ft .

and involute : ite with rae scat tered hairs, bit scaberulous ; Sins

erect, straight or flexuous, cylindric, slender, 3-3 in. by about 2 lin.,

dense ; axis slender, minutely villous or puberulous; branches

428 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Setaria.

reduced to a subsessile one-sided involuere of 3-8 fine scabrid bristles

14-4 lin. long, pallid below,fulvous or reddish above, and subtending

usually 1 per rfect and often 1 arrested spikelet ; spikelets elliptic-

oblong, minutely apiculate or obtuse, 1-12 lin. long, pallid, or purplish

at the tips, glabrous; glumes very thin , me mbranous, ovate, acute or

subacute, whitish, lower 3-nerved, rather less than 3 as long as the

spikelet, upper 5-nerved, rather more than } as long as the “spikelet,

nerves green; lower florets equal, Jower barren or 3d; valve equalling

the spikelet, flat, similar to the upper glume; pale subequal to the

alve ; oret plano-couvex, ovate- elliptic, usually minutely

apiculate, pallid or purplish at the tips ; valve coriaceous, transversely

wrinkled, 5-nerved ; anthers } lin. wen Kunth, Enum. i. 150;

Encyel. Suppl. iv. 272; ; Nees, Agrost. Bras. ti. 237; Fl. Afr. Austr. red

Tri n. Gen. 134, and in Mém. Acad. Pétorsb. sér. vi. iil. 2

Doell in Mart. FI. ne ii, li, 156. P. glaucum, var. a, Trin. Ie.

Gram. Spee. t. 196, jig.

ni ae GION: viento ‘Div.; 3 grassy places near the Zwartkops si

; Komgha Div. ; banks of Key ties a 4311! Queenstown Div

Sceaicne near Uusacehonsi, 3500 ft., Galpi og

LAHARI REGION: Ree eget West, Herl erb r Douglas, Orpen,

245! Transinal common on open fields near gh eh ens E.S.C.A. Herb.,

313! 317!

stern Region: Greytown, 3000 ft., Buchanan, 177! near the Tugela

River, 6000 ft. pe en, 176! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 177e!

A‘so in the Mascarene oe and in tropical East Africa; very common

tissagline’ tropical Ameri

1. §. italica (Beauv. Agrost. 51); annual; culms ge

erect or geniculate, often stout, terete, 2-5 ft. long, simple o

so, glabrous, smooth or scabrid below the panicle, 5-7: noded, chuethit

all along or some parece at length exserted ; sheaths terete,

above, pak, margins s cabrid to ‘igancieae, panicle often oddin 8

or flexuous, spike-like, cylindric, stout, often lobed, 14-12 in. be 4-13

lin., rather dense to compact, shortly or long bristly; axis air

stout, usually tomentose ; branches spirally arranged or more or les

whorled, very short and branched from the base or the lower }—} 10-

erry green, g glabrous ; lower game

hyaline, broad, ovate, acute, Lome about 4 as long as the

=: a ay glume thin, membranous, elliptic, concave, 5- to sab 8

nerved, 2-3 long as the spikelet; lower floret barren; V

iiusiler’ to ibe: upper glume, dorsally flattened, 5-nerved, equalling

Setaria.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 429

ay upper (at least when in flower) ; pale hyaline, more or less arrested

FO; oret ellipsoid to globose, obtuse or obscurely apiculate,

re 14 lin. long, whitish yellowish or reddish; valve papery to

crustaceous, smooth or very obscurely wrinkled, 5-nerved; anthers

+ lin. long; grain ellipsoid or oe se, about 3 lin. long, whitish.

Kunth, Réo “Gran. i. 46; Enum 153, Suppl. 108; Durand &

Schinz, Consp. Fil. Afr. v. 773; K. Schum. in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr.

B. 73, C. 105; Hook. f. “Pl Brit. er vii. 78. —- ttalicum,

Pi, 56; i

Spec. Ic. t. 198; Pan. Gen. 135, and in Mém. pre: Pétersh.

sér. vi, ili, 223; Steud. a Pl. Glum. i. 51; Koern. & Wern.

Flandb. Rateticouta: i. 25

CENTRAL Reation ; Albert on ; without precise locality, Cooper, 638!

ated from South Europe to Japan, particularly in ee vir

occasionally also oT Koernicke spel it as descended from 8S, viridis

Li copious synonymy of this grass which is very candle grown in

i Ma see e Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. }.c., a as to the numerous varieties Koernicke

ern Le.

8. verticillata est all Agrost. 51) ; annual; culms erect or

nthe © rom a geniculate base, 1-5 ft. long, usually compressed

reduced to sessile clusters, ee spikelet subtended by a coarse

preg apa bristle 2~7 lin. long; spikelets ellipsoid, —

about 1 lin. long, light green, shebious lower glume hyaline, j

ovate, acute, Bie Sah 3-nerved, 1—2 as long as the spikelet, we

membranous, elliptic, concave, 5—7-nerved, equal to the spikelet or

almost so ; lower oret barren; valve similar to the upper glume,

t. 1694 ; Sowerb. Brit. Grass. 63, t. 52; Durand & Schinz, Consp.

Afr. v. 774; Hack. in Bull. Herb. Bows. iv. App. iii. 16 ; Hook ef. Fl.

Brit. Ind. vii. 80. 8S. Rottleri, Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 304; Kunth,

Le. 153. 8. nubiea, Link, Hort. Berol. i. 220; Kun th, Le. 8.

respiciens, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 467. Panicum verticillatum, Linn.

430 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Setaria.

Sp. Pl. ed. ii. - ane Bot t. 874; Host, Gram. Austr. ii. t. 13;

ao, Fl. Afr. 53; Trin. Sp. Gram. Ic. t. 202; Pan. Gen.

137, and in ten r ad, Pétersb, sér, vi. iii. 225 ; Steud. Syn. Pl.

i. 52. P. adherens, Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20 ; A. Braun, Ind.

Sem. Hort. Berol. 1871, App. 5. P. respiciens, Hochst. ex A. Rich.

Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii: 379 ; Steud. lc. P. Aparine, Steud. lc.

SoutH Arrica: without precise pig ied aa 7, 3367!

Coast REGION sony hage Div.; Zwartkops Riv ver, Eckion, Albany slay

cultivated ground near Grahamstown, 2000 ft , MacOwan, 1318! Komgha Div.

banks of Key bane. aa 4 500 ft., Drege Ne

ENTRAL REGION aaff Reine ; in cultivated ground near Gra

aff

Reinet, 2500 ft., gigs 723 | Aliwal North Div. 5 at the junction of Stormberg

Spruit and the Orange River, 4200 ft., Drége

ESTERN eer: Little Namaqualand ; ‘near Verleptpram on the Orange

River, Drég

Kata ae Scie Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1670! Atherstone !

Zoutpans Berg, Nelson, 16!

Eastern Ruaion: Tembu land ; alma land pe Bazeia, 2000 » t., Baur.

454! Natal; Durban Flat, Buchar 11! near Durban, Willia “V4!

secon ge and near the coast, Buckwlan, 165! and without precise uy

rd,

Tonos nya - oe to Malaya, elsewhere (Europe, Australia,

America) on raun, l.c., distinguishes several subs cies and

a ai ss Mg ony o ten of this grass, I can follow him. There

is, however, this remarkable oe, coos plant is very uniform where 16

occurs exclusively as a wee ry variable in the remainder of its are

ed,

The species was originally dnaiphad be Linnzus from the European plant which

thus represents the type. Ne os the other forms oo some of the

South African sie ane come under A, Braun’s subspecies Apar

ae sae species.

13. 8. pumila (Schult. Mant. ii. 274); annual; culms ascending,

branched, aN t 1 ft. long, seabrid below the ‘panicle, otherwise

mooth; sheaths pubescent; ligules hardly any; blades broad,

presen seabrid ; panicle spike-like, dense, short, without bristles ;

branches very short, closely packed ; spikelets glabrous ; glumes and

lower valve obtuse, smooth, green-striped ; fruiting valve very finely

transversely rugose. Panicum pumilum, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol.

4. 76:

This description is compiled from Link’s description in Enum. Hort. Be rol. i

76 at and in Hort. Berol. i. 218, which were drawn up from m specimens of “auknown

ori

men collected between the Umtentu and Umzimkulu Rivers, and gave an amended

description in Fl, Afr. Austr. 52, in which he describes, however, the sheaths as

hirsute with tubercle-based hairs Pied! of pubescent, and as narrow instead of

seen neither Link’s nor Drége’s specim

XVIII. PENNISETUM, Pers.

Spikelets oblong or lanceolate, solitary or in clusters of 2-4, sub-

tended by and deciduous with sessile or uncled involucres of

Pennisetum. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 431

a pale; upper ¢. Glumes usually small and hyaline, lower some-

times suppressed, upper rarely 2 the length of the spikelet or more

usually in front and outside the pale, or Stamens Styles

distinct, slender or connate. Grain enclosed by the slightly Fhe

and pale (see also P.. typhoideum), broadly oblong, slightly

dorsally compressed to pugley ; hilum basal, punctiform ; embryo

large, 1-3 the length of the gra

rennial or annual; culms simple or — k givers er blades a or

eentatele: ligules usually reduced to inge of hairs, rarely

membran

ous ; panicle siketike eons dense, head 8 merous all

the

with an involucre (very rarely a solitary bristle) of often

ht numerous and éeanlly unequal scabrid or plumose simple rarely branched

Species about 40, in most warm countries, particularly in dry regions.

Section 1. Prnicrtzarta: Involucre often peduncled ;

all or at gir the innermost oe ait Lsbonaeets fruiting floret

readily deciduous, its valve s, very smooth and

shining pei, anther tips ea a connate (1) typhoideum.

Ev-PENNISETUM: In sag cre sessile; all or

m not readily

deciduous, its valve scarcely hardened, membra ‘anous ; anther :

tips naked ; styles free or more or less con ... (2) cenchroides.

tion GyMNOTHRIx: Involucre sessile; spikelets

elaine cota, rarely 2-3 in each involucre; wehattos never

plumose: anther tips usually naked; styles almost free o

more or less sa nnate or cohering to 4 their length, rarely

higher up.

Lodicules distinct ; anther tips naked; styles almost

Culm ms glabrous, smooth or scaberulous below

the panicle; blades up to wi - by 2-4 lin.

gr tert up to 1 ft. long, den

Panicles 33-6 lin. thick ; saliedaks 2-2} lin.

‘ssi lanceolate; lower floret barre . (3) macrourum.

a or a lin. thick; spike

co 2 lin. lon ovate-oblong ; lower

7 * (4) natalense.

Calis mst ae pubescent or adpressedl y hirsu

fi panicle; b very rey Me iiform

cme 2-8 in. rac panicles n. long,

iy adel usually tinged with purple (5) sphacelatum.

Lodie ies "0 or very minute; anther tips minutely

penicillate ; eda —_— connate or coherent to }

their length ... (6) Thunbergii.

Section 4. Bucxsnorsis: Involucre reduced to a solitary

'5 Spikelets in long-peduncled, spike-like racemes,

nging from the upper nodes Fess wy sa cae

432 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Pennisetum.

1. P. typhoideum (Rich. in Pers. Syn. i. 72); annual; culms

erect, stout, 1 to several feet high, usually terete ees simple, 5- or

more-node a hairy to villous below the panicle, otherwise usually

glabrous; sheaths terete, qtr except the bearded nodes and the

often villous junction wit e blade, rarely hirsute, usually slightly

rough, rather shorter than iin internodes ; ligule a narrow long an

densely ite rim ; blades ing to linear-lanceolate from a rounded

base, acute, 4 t. by 4-11 in., flat, more or less rough, glabrous,

rarely es peiiela ile like, cylindric, very dense, 4-8 in. i

5-9 lin. (in the South African specimens) or longer and thicker,

often purplish; rhachis stout, villous; branchlets reduced to a

peduncled involuerate cluster of 3-1 spikelets; peduncles villous,

straight, 1-22 lin. long, often horizontally spreading or partly deflexed ;

involuere of very numerous ciliate often purplish bristles about as

long as the spikelets; spikelets sessile or shortly pedicelled within

the involucre, readily deciduous when ripe, oblong, 2—23 lin. long,

pale or purplish upwards ; glumes broadly ovate, obtuse, minute,

hyaline, nerveless, ciliate, or larger (the upper to + the length of the

ner mal firmer and 3-nerved ; ‘florets similar, subequal, lower Jd or

reduced to a minute empty hyaline valve ; valves broadly oblong,

cuspidate or mucronate, ed oe hee glabrous, ciliate or pubescent

gobo Seon the gaping chartaceous very smooth valve and

pale. Delile, FI. Eigyp te, 17, t. 8, fig. 3; Trin. Gram. Pan. 71;

Pan. Gen. 96, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. ser. vi. ili. 184 eae

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.i.108 ; Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 82. P.a

curoides, Spreng. Syst. i, 303; P: 3 ae Rév. Gram, i , ai

P. spicutum, Koern. in Koern. & n. Handb,. Getreidebaues, i. 284 ;

Engl. Hochgebirgsf. Trop. Afr. 196; Beliosing in Bull. Herb. Boise:

ii. App. ti. 25; Durand &: Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 784; K. Schum.

in Engl. Pf. Ost-Afr. B. 51-59; Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv.

App.iii.17. P. nigricans, P. Ni igr ritarum and P. pease Durand

& Schinz, l.c. 781, 782. Penicillaria spicata, Willd. Enu n. Hort.

igre 1037; Jacq. Eel. Gram. t.17; Beauv. reas 5 iliatr,

xii. (1852), TL, 372. 2 Nigritaram and P. s ieberiana,

Sovurn Arrica: without precise locality, Thunberg !

ae See ee a ee ee ee eee sr

a SRS ee ae ae ee Ra aT age REP gh a ei SEN oi oy eR A ee a a ge ee

vn ime i : Tere

ee z ;

Penniset wm. } GRAMINEH (Stapf). 433

Coast Recron: Cape Div.; Thee Mr. Hesse’s garden at Cape Town, brought

from Inhambane, Burchell, 755

Katawart Region: Oran nge e State; without poser a Cooper,

ae Transvaal; Cave Mountains, in Tabana’s gardens, Nelso

STERN REGION: Natal ; ae Durban, Drége; and w ithout padeen locality,

} ter 3338! Delagoa Bay, Seott

ae in numerous forms in ERE Africa and in India.

merous forms of this cereal have been described by A. Braun in Ind. Sem.

Hor. Berol. 1855, App. 24; but it is hopeless to attempt to reduce the South

Afri i types. chu

mens to Braun’s species

who has had access to them, has given up A. Braun’s classi eee and attempted

to break up the species into 2 ip Sa Walt and Plukenetii, according

to the length of the ag d the general re pe of 2 spikelets, and to

divide the subspecies Wi fide wt into sey ae ite, I cannot, however,

agree with him, and confine myself in aed Nee ce to hind Riciramet: A all

the South African ie Seen tenets esent more ss the ] for in

Delile’s figure quo ove. ‘Those where he Tend hte ree porate os

a small and empty en are evidently starved states

fee

ss ascending from a getter sehies and often peace many-

hairs; sheaths tight, the lower persistent, or at leng ca.

leaving the internodes naked ; ligule a very narrow densely ate

g tapering to a setaceous point, 3-8 in. by 13-38

lin., usually flat, often “flaccid, usually seaberulous above or along the

margins ; ; panicle spike-like, ‘eylindtie, dense, ies in. by 4-6 “lin

“

_—

sc)

iq°)

)

f=)

very short pedicels ; involucres of very numerous bristles, outer

With in cach 3 involu ucre, lane pide oun, 2-22 in. on pallid,

truncate ; lodicules 0; anthers slightly over 1 lin. long, tips acute,

pissy styles free nearly from the sae Beauv. Agrost. 59, t. 13,

Sig. ; Nees i in Pap vii. 277, and Fl. Afr. Austr. 70; Kunth,

"Enum. 1,162; Trin. Pan. Gen. 93, pe in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. ser.

Vi. iii, 181; fi Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 105; Baker, Fl. Mawrit 441;

= E Hook. j. Fl. l. Brit. Ind. vii. 88. P. ciliare, Link, Hort. Berol. i. 218 ;

S4. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 384; Engl. Hochgebirgf < rop. Afr.

125; as & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 778; Hack. in B: al.

Herb. Boi lv. App. iii. 16. Cenchrus cet Linn. Mant. 302.

~ Panicum aaa Wiild. Enum. Hort. Bero!. 1031.

Sourn Arrica: without beige -fetgutin nt Zeyher, 194

Coast Region: Sw ellen fate Diy. ee Beal endam and above ai oe

| Bosch, Ecklon t ! George Diy. ; on the gee by sc Ganritz River, Mwn 7.

43.4. GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Pennisetum.

CENTRAL Reaion: Beaufort West Div.; near Beaufort a a Gamka River,

Drege. Graaff Rei one 3 hillsides near Graaff Reinet, 3400 ft., Bolus,

Taat yay Boisanis. anks of Klein Fish ag eee Somerset Fast,

acOwan, — 48! 0 near esa: ny marge , 198 8!

t Reeion: Griqualand West; Hay Div.; Asbestos Mountains,

between the ‘‘ Kloof Village ” and Witte Water, Bevcheli, 2058! 2067! Bechu-

analand; on the rocks at Chue ibe Burchell 2388 ! Orange Free State;

Jackals Fontein, Burke! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 266!

Transvaal; on the Bosch Veld, etweets Elands River and Klippan, Rehmann,

5114!

Throughout Africa, in Sicily and eastwards as far as North-west India.

. P. macrourum (Trin. Gram. Pan. 64); perennial; culms

erect from a short oblique rhiz zome, rather stout, up to 8 ft. high or

more, usually sheathed all along, simple, few- noded, scabrid below

the panicle, otherwise smooth ; leaves mostly crowded at the base ;

sheaths long, rounded on the bac k, firm, persistent, striate, glabrous

or somewhat rough or hispid ; ligule a fringe of rather long hairs ;

blades linear, long tapering to a fine or setaceous point, u 0

2 ft. by 2-3 lin., firm, usually convolute, glabrous, smooth beneath in

the lower part, very rough above and along the margins, nerves

acute to subulate-acuminate, 5-nerved ; lodieules truncate, fleshy, js

lin, long; anthers 12 lin. long, tips naked : styles free or almost s0.

Steud, Syn. Pl. tia i. 103; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

780 (the Cape plant). P. hordeiforme, Spreng. Syst. i. 302 (in part)

Durand § Schinz, le. 779. P. asperum, —- f. Mant. ii. 149 (’).

piece honeiormis Thunb. Pro 4. Panicum ogy § 0°

Thun - Cap. 88, and ed. Schult. 103 (the Cape pla

(iymnothri ix sn ee Roem. § Schult. Syst. ii. 499, and it

pie oN — ews Cape, ne G. hordeiformts, ,_ Nees m

prem

Grim. i 253," spares ee awed re. (ers

seo py in Flora, 1829, 465.

Coast Recon: Vanrbynsdorp Div.; near Buenezer, Drege. Cape D

swa nite spots at the foot of Devils Modatsta, Ecklon, 9731 ‘Table Mounts,

calpiyigldi 395! Milne, 244! by beyond Kamps Ba .

$136} in meadows below Klein Constantia, Wolley Dod, 2042! Paarl Div. ; banks

zs the erg River, Drege! Tulbagh Div.; near the Waterfall, Ecklon i New

500 ft., Schlechter, 9036! Worcester Div. ; Hex River East, Wolley Ded,

37 13! Stellen osch Div.; wet spots near Lowi Pass, at ‘the foot of Hottentots

Pennisetum. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 435

Holland Mountains, MacOwan, Herb. Austr. Afr., 1693! Riversdale Div.; by the

Great Vals River, Burchell, 6555! Knysna Div. ; Vieigt, in water, 600

2700! Uitenhage Div. ; by the Zwartkops River, 50-500 ft., Zeyher, 4468! Alb:

Div. $

Shiloh, Baur, 918!

CentRat ReGion; Clanwilliam Div.; Wuapperthal, Wurmb! Graaff Reinet

Div. ; by streams near Graaff Reinet, 2509 ft., Bolus, 190!

Also in 8. Helena and Ascension Island.

glaucous ; sheaths firm glabrous, finely striate, tight or the upper-

spikelet, one conspicuously stouter and much longer than the rest ;

spikelets solitary, ovate-oblong, slightly over 12 lin. long, pallid, or

purple at the tips, glabrous; glumes hyaline, lower very minute,

° : 1

Eastern Reason: Natal ; Umpumulo, Buchanan, 172!

_In many respects very similar to P. riparioides, Hochst. ex Rich., but dis-

tinguished by smaller more ovoid spikelets, and long glaucous more rigid leaves

with seabrid margins.

excerted, the uppermost often very long; sheaths firm, lower

crowded, short, at least on the innovation shoots, persistent, striate,

glabrous, or pubescent along the margins and near the mouth ;

lanceolate, acuminate to subulate-acuminate, 13-21 lin. lo

pallid, tips usually purplish ; glumes very small, lower often sup-

pressed, obtuse or acute, hyaline, nerveless or upper l-nerved ; florets

Ff 2

436 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Pennisetum.

equal or the lower which is reduced to an empty valve slightly

shorter ; valves oblong-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, 5-nerved or

the lower 3-nerved ; lodicules subquadrate ; anthers about 1 lin. long,

tips naked ; styles connate at the very base. Gymmothrix sphacelata,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 68

Var. 8, tenuifolium (Stapf); culms and blades very slender, almost flaccid,

quite glabrous. P. tenwifoliwm, Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iti. 380.

C REGION : Queenstown Div. ; at the foot of the Stormberg Range between

Klass Smits River and Stormberg Spruit, 4000-5000 ft., Drége ! on mountains at

Fincham’s Nek, near Queenstown, 3900 ft., Galpin, 2368! 2371! .

KALAHARI REGION: Orange Free State; near Winberg, Buchanan, 249!

250! Var, 8: Transvaal; Pretoria Distr. ; near Wanderboom Poort, Rehmann,

4490! Lydenburg Distr, ; Spitzkop Goldmine, Wilms, 1699! "

EASTERN REGION: Transkei; between Gekau (Gcua) River and Bashee River,

1000-2! y the Gekau River, 1000-2000 ft., Dré e! Natal ;

Umsinga and at the base of the Biggarsberg Range, Buchanan, 107! Reit _Vigs

4000 ft., Buchanan, 171! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 63 ! 721 75!

The variety tenwifolium is scarcely more than a very weak state or shade form.

The Abyssinian P. Schimperi, A. Rich., comes also very near and is perhaps not

specifically distinct.

slender, compressed below, 3-13 ft. long, about 2-noded, smooth,

glabrous or pubeseent below the panicle ; upper internodes exserted,

uppermost often long; leaves for the most part crowded at the base,

hairy all over except towards the base of the sheaths; sheaths firm,

lower short, persistent, striate, keeled or ultimately rounded, uppeT

long, loose or subtumid; ligule a dense silky fringe of short hairs; blades

near, tapering to an aeute point, 2~3 in. (rarely more) by 2-8 lin.,

keeled and folded or flat or involute, rigid, rather dull

except towards the tips and along the scaberulous margins ; panicle

cylindric, very dense, erect, 11—2 in 3-5 lin., purplish ; rhachis

oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 lin. long, pallid, glabrous ; lower glume

suppressed, upper very minute, hyaline, nerveless; lower floret

reduced to an ovate acuminate 1-3-nerved valve of about half the

lodicules 0 or very minute ; anthers 1 lin. long, tips minutely

bearded ; styles almost free, although often more or less cohering

Kunth, Enum. i. 164; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. V- 786 ;

Hackel in Bull. Herb. Boiss, iv. App. iii. 17. P. alopecuroides,

en, , and in Mém. Acad. Pétersh, sér. vi, iii. 178, 7° of

Spreng. P. cenchroides, Nees in Linnea, vii. 277, and 1. Afr :

Austr, 70 (in part), not Rick. P. purpurascens, Durand § Schin#

Consp. FI. K.

Pennisetum. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 437

iit ar Thunb. Prod, 24. Panicum fii Thunb. Fl.

C 88, and ed. Schult. 103 (excl. syn. P. hor me). Gym-

i i tz purpurascens, Schrad. in Goett. Gel. Anz. er aor ; Kunth,

Enum. i. 159 ; Mees in Linnea, vii. 277; and FI. Afr. Austr, 68.

Vak. 8, Galpinii (Stapf) ; oulms erect, up to 2 ft. pias ps4 and pubescent

above ; basal pee bape i ather r long, fone compressed, pallid ; blades

3-1 ft. ~4 lin., usually sieeat more scabrid than ie paiegs authers more

een! bea rde .

Co: GIon: Cape Div tches and on hillsides near Capetown,

Thonbery Spielhaus ? moist spots Gere: Table okialicn and Ka amps Bay,

Eckloy evils Mountain, Ecklon, Bergius ; in swamps in

Orange Klose WwW olley Dod, 3225! Baippem nse between ihe type at and the plone

Worcester Diy. ; Hex Hiver Valley, igi Dod, ae ! Geor, se Song ; near poe rge,

strom Diy.; Kat Berg, 4000 ft., stp Cat chant t Div. ; Glen airn, 4800 t.,

Galpin, 2418! Var. 8: Cape Div. ; near King’s Blockhouse, yes ley Dod, 2668 !

Queenstown Div. ; am’s Nek, near Jueenstown, 3800 ft., Galpin, !

CENTRAL REGION a Albert Div.; by the mka Riv r at Weltevrede,

2500-3000 ft., Drége! : Somerset Div.; in moist places on the Bosch

sabi 2 sca bie MncOwan, 1661 ! Graaff Reinet Div. ; ah Kop A gre ss

Wis TERN REGION: ete a near Keetmanshoop, Fenchel, 3

hear 9 felons, 616 Schenck, 7

KALAHARI Itxer0 | Transral near Lydenburg, W ilms, 1698

KasTERN REG : We B: Tembuland ; Bezeia, s andy 3 river margins, 2000-

2500 ft., Baws, 252 | 314! Natal ; without precise gions 4000-5000 ft.,

, 85!

oy Aik is also found in Hereroland, German te Africa.

ariety Galpinii is Mal ee from the type in the eastern parts of

Cape Udine and in Natal ; the west, it seems to Sats completely into the

latter as Captain Wolley Dad's sieriaer es show

- P. unisetum (Benth. = Journ. Linn. Soe. xix. 47, 49);

perennial ; aie short, premorse ; innovation-buds rather stout,

acute, with firm, ovate, he ciliate scales; culms 3-12 ft. high,

strong, the lower and middle as long as the internodes or shorter,

ultimately spreading, the upper longer, tighter, glabrous except the

usually ciliate mouth and the sometimes hairy nodes; ligules very

short and ciliate or a fringe of hairs ; blades lanceolate-linear from a

usually long-narrowed base, or petioled, long tapering to a setaceous

point, the longest from 1]2 ft. by 3-10 lin., rather firm, glaucous,

scabrid above, sometimes shortly and sparingly hairy, margins very

rough ; racemes on long very slender peduncles, 1 or sev veral rom

the” ° upper ery uke very numerous, 1_2 in. lon ng 5. rhachis

scales, lower 3-1, upper 1-2 lin. long; lower floret reduced to a valve

438 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Pennisetum.

minutely ciliate below the tip, pret scaberulous or almost

smooth, firmly membranous, finely 5-nerved, margins obscurely

inflexed in the upper thir rd 3 upper salve similar to the lower,

glabrous ; pale almost as long as the valve, hyaline, 2-nerved ; lodicules

broadly cuneiform, gees jo lin. long; anthers $—Z lin. oe grain

unknown. Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 7 786 ; ” Bitud. Fl. Congo,

1,328. P. dioicum, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 122 (3 partly) ;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 778 (partly). P. longisetum,

K, Schum. in. Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr, C. 105 (ewel. most syn.). Setaria

dioica 3, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, i. Intell. 19 (name only).

Gymnothrix peagioe Nees, Fi. "Afr. Austr. 66. Beckera dioica, 35

Nees in Linnea, xvi. 219. B. uniscta, Hochst. in Flura, 1844, 512;

Steud. Syn. Pl. Gra am: i. 118. B. “glabrescens, Steud. le. 117.

Beckevia dioica, aay Nom. ii; 63.

EasverN Recion: Natal; near Durban, in coffee gardens, Drége’ Um-

sna, 1500-2000 te , Buchanan, 220! 221!

This grass is not diwcious as was ri up red pare the names Pe nnisetuin

diotcum, Setaria otis, Faget dioica. tii considered as repre

ng the 2 sex belong to P. diotewm, A. re ae eckera petiolaris, Hochst)

which is, how wever, as little dicecious as P, see tag ip supposed ¢ se the

composite species P, dioicuin

XIX. STENOTAPHRUM, ‘Trin.

Spikelets lanceolate to ovate-oblong, sessile, singly or 2-4 on the

very short branches of an apparently simple secund spike, more 0!

or reduced to an empty valve; upper ¢@. Siienet usually very

dissimilar, lower minute, hyaline, upper almost equalling the

spikelet, 5-7- nerved, rarely both more or less similar and minute,

or the lower nerved like the upper, although smaller. Valves equal,

lower (outer) firm chartaceous, 3—9-nerv ed, upper t thinner, 5-nerved.

Pales almost equalling the valves, 2-keeled, Lodicules 2, obliquely

quadrate, nerved. Stamens 3. Styles free or almost so, very § slender ;

stigmas long, plumose, laterally exserted. Grain broadly elliptic

ote hee compressed from the back, tightly enclosed ; bilum

orm, basal; embryo about 2 the length of the grain.

Nias ing or prostrate branched ES with ascending culm ; sheaths

cerongly — eed, lower more or less flabellate 5 idedon mostly nto scams

pan 5, “ae on the shores of the tropical and subtropical seas.

1. S$. glabrum (Trin. Fund. Agrost. 176); culms ascending,

prostrate or creeping and frequently rooting at the nodes, often very

long, strongly compressed, glabrous, smooth, many-noded ; sop

glabrous or more or less hairy at the mouth of the sheath or at i

junction with the blade, lower crowded at the base of the branches,

more or less flabellate, followed often by a pseudo-opposite pair of

Stenotaphrum. | GRAMINE& (Stapf). 439

2—4-distant leaves ; sheaths strongly compressed, — ‘atom soon

thrown aside, lower persistent ; ligule a fringe of very short hairs ;

blades linear, obtuse, 1-6 in. by 1-3 lin., first folded, roan flat or

n fro

very short, more or less sunk in the hollows or ipiowl d to tli

margin of the rhachis, compressed or angular, often very stout ;

spikelets solitary from the inner side of the ‘base ‘of the branch, sunk

in the adjoining hollow, or 2-5 crowded along the branch, lanceolate-

oblong to oblong, aeute, 2} lin. long, pallid ; lower glume hyaline,

floret 4; valve lanceolate-oblon ng t o oblong, acute, equalling the

spikelet, chartaeeous, faintly 7—9- Satter, dorsally flattened, somewhat

rough ; anthers year lin. long; upper floret 3; valve similar to

the lower, but more acute, tirmly membranous, 5-nerved. Trin.

Gram. Pan. 60; Pan. Gen. 102, and in Mém Acad. Pé sereb: sér. vi.

iii, 190 (in part) ; Nees in Linnea, vii. 273; Steud. Syn. Pi.

Glu. i. 118 fecal the two last syn.) ; ue in Mart. Fl. Bras. i.

ii. 300, ¢. 39 (excl. several syn.); not Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 90.

S. americanum, Schrank, Plant. Rar. Hort. Monac. 98, t. 8; Kunth,

Hnum. i. 138, S. dinaivadins, Brongn. Bot. Voy. Cog. 127, and

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 787 (in part). S. swartzianum,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 62 (var. a, and var. B in part), not Peters,

Reise Mossamb. Bot. 549. Panicum dimidiatum, Linn. Spec. Pl. 57

unb. Prod. 23; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. R. tripsacoides, Lam

g. 1b. R. compressa, ras Agrost. t. xxl. i. fg. 8,

not Lin

mA rH A¥rRica: without precise locality, Thunbery / a us

N: Cape Div. ; near Capetown and Table Decade Thunberg :

Bellow 17! Drége! pig 22! nap tig 252! Schlechter, 194! —

Bay, Burchell, 322! by the sea shore in Simons Bay, ray oni 389! n

lein Constantia, Wolley Dod, 1989 ! Uitenhage Div. ; bauks of the pei oe

eed a oe a Drége! Ecklo:

Drege. Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, E.S.C.A.

1357! Pig 5 194" Burchell, 4812! Bathurst Div. ; Kowie River, MacOwan,

ERN REGION: Natal; Durban Flat, Buchanan, 16! and without precise

dicatee Gerrard, 678 !

pe cng the hot parts of America, in West Africa, the Sandwich Islands and

in ustr:

The form having rae spikelets sunk in the coi of a rrr on —

ies w in Ameri It the Cape

: h ag g 305

spikelets, and being merely adpressed to the sides of the scarcely h Blowed

and narrow — and the two ate there connected by a complete scries of

intermediate st stag

440 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Anthephora.

XX. ANTHEPHORA, Schreb.

Spikelets lanceolate to ovate-oblong, subsessile in deeiduous

squarrose clusters of 4-6, on the very short branches of a eylindric

apparently simple spike ; lower floret aed to an empty valve,

upper ¢ or ¢ with or without the rudiments of an ovary. Glumes

fe)

inner side, upper hyaline, setaceously subulate from a small ovate

base alves more or less equal, usually shorter than the lower

glume ; lower oblong, hyaline, 5—7-nerved ; upper similar, but firmer

and 3-neryed. Pale equalling the valve and of similar substance,

2-nerved. Lodicules 0. Stamens 3; filaments fleshy at the base

when young. Ovary lanceolate-oblong ; styles free or nearly s0,

very slender; stigmas plumose, slender, exserted from or near the

apex. Grain oblong-ellipsoid, enclosed in the spikelet; hilum

acai embryo large, equalling about 4 the length of the grain.

Perennial or annual ; culms tufted and erect, or ascending from a prostrate

Sigg Tigules large scarious ; spikelets in ‘abieplonke clusters with their respective

lower glumes turned outwards so as to form a false involucre, usu: ally with gaps

between their bases

Species 5; in tropical Africa, South Africa, South Persia and tropical

America.

Perennial ; lower ober orate, glume minutely tubercled

and villous outside ; lower valve 5-7-nerve .. (1) pubescens.

Annual; lower (involuc ral) glu me glabrous except ‘at :

the base; lower valve 3-nerved ... iv (2) undulatifolia.

1. A. pubescens (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 74); perennial, densely

tufted; culms ereet or subgeniculate, rather slender, 1-2 ft. high,

basal sheaths about 1 in. long, pallid, persistent, glabrous, sometimes

scantily bearded at the mouth, or more or less pubescent to villous

all over; upper sheaths 3-5 in. ia , usually quite glabrous ; ligules

oblong, obtuse, up to 3 lin. long . blades linear, long tapering “to a

subsetaceous point, 2-6 in. by” in —2 lin., flaccid, flat, glabrous oF

pubescent above, slightly rough, margins cartilaginous, almost smooth,

wavy ; false spike cylindric, 2:-4 in. by 2-3 lin., villous ; rhachis

very slender, obscurely wav alias: . spikelets in subsessile

clusters of about 5 which are bearded at the base, 2 1-5 lin, long ; lower

Sted. dfonk. ie Bull. Hort, Holes te App. iii. 12. Tripsacum

pu ubescens, Lichtenst.. ec Nees, lc. Cenchrus pubescens, Steud.

Nomencl. ed. ii. i. 317.

Anthephora. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 441

Kauanart ReGion: Griqualand West; between the Orange River and

Laauwwaters Kloof, Lichtenstein ; bet ween Sm ma ua Town and Witte Watter,

pr inealiy 1984! Basutoland; Leribe, Buchanan, 134! Bechuanaland ; on the

ocks at Chue Vlei, Burchell, 2387 ! = aati near Lydenburg, Atherstone !

Also in Hereroland.

ented allied to A. Hochstareecs from tropical North-east Africa, which has,

r, longer, more slender spikes and an altogether more stragg ing

“i Hackel’s A, Schinzii es pete and (German South-west Africa) is

ie only a patted villous weak state of A. pubescens.

. undulatifolia (Hack. in Bull. Herb. mg iv. App. iii. 12);

annual, dwarf ; culms fascicled, erect, about n. long, sheathed to

be eyond the middle, slender, glabrous, smooth ; alia aths lax, strongly

striate, sparsely beset with ‘long fine spreading ee particularly

towards the margins; ligules membranous, obtuse, 1} lin. long ;

blades linear-lanceolate from a rounded base, acute, at n. by 21-3

lin., soft, sparsely pubescent, long hairy towards the san margins

cartilaginous, strongly wavy ; fitac spike cylindri rie, about 1 in. long ‘

nodes ; spikelets in 1 subsessile clusters o 5-4, arded at the base,

° lin. long, outer g or one of them reduced a the lower pees

inner 2 ¢; lower glume lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 5 lin. lor

coriaceous, silky villous at Se ase, otherwise glabrous, 0- to ane

nerved, contracted at the base so as to form oblong pores with the

«joining outer glumes ; ae: clume setaceously subulate, ciliolate,

lin. lo ong; 1-nerved ; lower valve dorsally flattened, oblong,

upper valve similar to the lower in the S (but glabrous), sub-

chartaceous, oblong- lanceolate, acute in the $; pale 0 in the g

equal to the valve in the ¢ ; anthers 11 lin. long; styles free or

almost so, about 11 lin. long; stigmas 23 lin. Jon g.

pak REGION: Great Namaqualand, in stony places near Rehoboth,

The only specimen which I ert seen (in Hackel’s veer crate is a small

oung Bits: which, when collected, was still nee Pig nection by m yo Pes a

lengthened internode with oe grad from which ang, and ¢c of a

single 1 flowering and several young leafy shoots, fascicled on and ee pre

e Orst node.

XXII. TRICHOLANA, Schrad.

Spikelets oblong , laterally compressed, more or less gaping, panicled,

deciduous from m. capillary pedicels ; lower floret usually ¢ or barren,

upper 3. Glumes very dissimilar or at least unequal, sie reduced

to a minute scale or obsolete, very rarely 3 the length of the spikelet,

Somewhat remote from the upper; upper glume membranous,

upper glume with a ee 2-nerved subequal pale, upper much

pari thinly chartac glabrous, shining, obtuse or aw

margina

te, obscurely Rare with an ere 2-nerved pale o

44.2, GRAMINEX (Stapf). { Tricholena.

similar substance. Lodicules 2, very small. Stamens 3. Style

free, slender; stigma densely plumose, laterally exserted. Grain

oblong-ellipsoid, closely embraced the valve and pale ; hilum

basal, punetiform; embryo about } the length of the grain.

Pe ‘ange cian annual; blades linear to setaccous; ligule a fringe of hairs ;

panicles o contract ted, often much divided, with capillary branchlets and

pedicels the bt tter with thickened tips ; spikelets —s ara enveloped by

soft shining hairs, rarely pubescent or quite glabro

Species 10-12, chiefly in the dry and hot countries of the Old World.

Spikelets — or villou

Upper glume and lower eas more or less gibbous at or

Coe. the cals, 2-3 lin. long:

hava from compact tu tufts ; blades eimaaar 3 panic

w, more or less spike-like ; = of Lake ’

Ritts ‘hairy ; nas silky villou (1) setifolia.

oe usually rather af fsccle blades flat, e

rely convolute; panicle open (at least tem-

pora rily) ; tips of patos with ine hairs :

rate kelets silky villous = ua 42)

pikelets adpressedly and scantily hairy. (3) seavipile

Upper eine and lower valve not gibbous, 1 lin. long « or

rather lon

Spikelets Toosely villous ; lower glume about 4 as long ‘

as the spikele 4) pin se

Spikelets eta lower glume almost microscopic (5) arenaria.

Spikelets quite glabro (6) glabra.

1, T. setifolia (Stapf) ; culms in compact tufts, with oer

intravaginal innovation shoots, erect or geniculate, $-—l} t. long,

exserted 5 leaves qmee§ crowded at the base; lower aon com-

te om 2-4 in. long, gor rhachis ie scabrid or hairy in i

, tips slig ghtly thickened with slightly lon

pose ng, 2—21 lin. wide, very densely villous with shining white ©

purple hairs, bakin’ at the base; lower glume oblong, obtuse, less

than } in. long, hyaline, quite hidden by hairs; ied equalling the

spikelet, subchartace ous, oblong, minutely emarginate with a mucro

or short awn from the sinus, 5-nerved, densely so with the hairs

increasing in length from ‘the base to beyond the middle, then

glabrous towards “the apex except along the ciliate margins, hairs

usually adpressed and exceeding the spikelet by 1-1} lin. ; lowe?

floret g or barren; valve equal and very similar to the uppet

glume; pale hairy; 3 floret oblong to linear-oblong, 1-1} lin. longs

T'richoleena. } GRAMINEX (Stapf). 445

glabrous, shining ; valve obtuse, subemarginate, faintly 5-nerved,

membranous ; anthers * lin. long. T. rosea, Nees, Cat. Sem. Hoi 4.

Vratisl. 1835, and in “Linnea, “xi. Lit. Ber. 129, and Fl. Afr

Austr. 17 op ca

Coast Rr@ : Caledon Div.; Baviaans Kloof, near Genadendal, Dré eye!

Uniondale a “between Aout r and the sources of the Keurbooms River in

Lange Kloof, Burchell, 5 038 ! a rocky ne near the Groot River in Lange

Kloof, Burchell, 5018! Titaniacs Div.; without precise ee ay Z

eyher, 835! Alexandria Div. ; near Enon, af 00-2000 ft., Drege! and in the

Zuurberg Range, 2000-3000 ft., Drége! Al iv.; near Goaamein

» MacOwan, 13812! Fish River nas, Hutton! iv. ; near

Komgha, Flanagan, 946 ! Queenstown Div. ; stony Ly near Shiloh, 3500 ft.,

Baur, 782! 928! Fincham’s Nek, near Qu ueenstown oe . ney ae

Cz : erset 183!

Graaff Reinet Div. ; Sneeuwberg Raia 4000 ft., patie 1962 | Aliwal. ‘North

Div. ; “Cis Garipina,’ Zeyher !

KaLanart Region: Griqualand West; Klip Fontein, — 2618!

Transvaal; Houtbosch, sg sie 5722 ! "Johannesburg; ¢ E.S.C.A.

Herb., 306! sources of the Limpopo, Nelson, 27*! P eetorin, nab Wonderboom

EASTERN REGION : Tembuland ; near Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 326 ! + atal ; at the

foot of Table Mountain, Krauss, 382! by th eUK nbloti River s Oak for —— *),

Rehmann, we Hes eee onthe Range, —— nn, 7036! Inanda, Wood, 1595!

Pietermaritzt Sutherlan d, Umpumulo, pra 298 i in part !

and without pr ecise tenes, Talkin $6!

The name was proposed by Professor Hackel for Rehmann’s Se 8456.

P ’

scantily branched below, — glabrous or sometimes hirsute from

tubercled-based hairs, 3-4-noded; sheaths terete or the lower slightly

compressed, glabrous exeept at the villous nodes or hirsute from

"usually tubercled-based hairs; blades linear, long tapering to a

subsetaceous point, 2-8 in. by 1-4 lin., rarely broader or narrower,

flat, often spreading and rather fldceid, rarely convolute, glabrous

purple hairs, shortly 2 fa at the base; lower eo ae

obtuse, about 2 ee long

middle and slightly arena Hie an ing beak, obtusely pooh or

emarginate, with or without a mucro or a short fine awn fro he

sinus, -subehartaceous, often olive-brown, villous with the Aire

increas asing in length from the base to beyond the middle, then

glabrous except ina ciliate margins; hairs often springing from

minute o times coarse and partly confluent tubercles, adpressed

or sometimes spreading, usually exceeding the tips of the glume;

444 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Tricholena.

lower floret ¢ or barren ; valve equal and very similar to the upper

lume ; pale more or less hairy; ¢ floret 1% lin. long, elliptic-oblong,

obtuse, glabrous ; valve emarginate, faintly 5-nerved, membranous ;

anthers over * lin. long; grain obovoid, brown, * lin. long. ees,

Boiss. iv. App. iii. 15. T. tonsa, Nees, l.c.6; Durand & Schinz, l.c.

T. fragilis, A. Braun in Flora, 1841, 275 (name only); Durand &

Schinz, lc. 769. TL. sphacelata, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 559;

rie nd § Schinz, lc. 770. DL. grandiflora, Hochst. im sah be 1841,

. Intell. 19 (name only); A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 445; Engl.

Hoohgabirgef Trop. Afr. 121; Hack. in Engl. Jahrb. xi. 409, and

rn . Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 15; Durand Schinz, Lc. 769.

T. dregeana, Durand & Schinz, l.c. ; Ha ck. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Lc.

T. ruficoma, Durand § Schinz, lec. 770; Haek. in Bull. Herb.

Boiss. wi Rhynchelythrum dregeanum, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 64.

ma, Hochst. ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i.120. Saccharum

pacha 7 and S, sphacelatum, Walp. Ann. iii. 792,793. Panicum

tonsum, P. roseum, P. sphacelatum, P. insigne, "Steud. le. 92.

. Braunii, Steud. he .93; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 170.

Monaehyron roseum and M. tonsum, Parl. Fl. Ital. i. 131, in obs.

Sour AFRICA; without precise locality, Dré ége, 4319! 4320! 4321!

Coast Recion: Ibany Div. ; without precise sai ty, ies soba 114!

Centra Recion: Graaff Reinet Div. ; hillsides near Graaff Reinet, 4000 ft.,

Bolus, 251! Albert Div. ; near Aliwal North, Cooper, 1888!

nn Reeron : Great Namaqualand ; Amhub, Schinz, 628. Keetmans-

_Katanant Recion Abie pala West; Herbert Div.; near Douglas, Orpen,

251! eh Div. ; Asbestos ay tains, Burchell, 2047/1! Kli ip Fontein, Burchell,

2150! Orange Free State Gary onteins, Burke! Caledon River, Burke,

198! Bechuanaland ; Maadji Mountain, Burchell, erty Shans of the Moshowa

peak as — ae kon and Molito, peed phat, — siege Rokearie 2564!

2578 ruman, pei reh hell, Piet Groot Kuil,

ier "998 | ! i Houtbosch, heise 37231 near [ aeaiate: Wilms,

Eastern ReEGton: Roby esrraa East ; near Clydesdale, Tyson, 3103! ragged

near Devt: Plant, 98! Draakensberge, Rehmann, 7175! near Umpumulo ané

Reit Vlei, counmon, eke nan, 298 in par ! ang oathoat precise localities, G rasa

461! Buc n, 122! Delagoa Bay, Scot

Pho tropical Africa, in i and South Arabia.

extremely variable plant. Nees co nfounded two different plants under f.

I have maintained the name for the species having generally flat leaves,

hai i

es 0

Botanic Garden. It is also represented nj = , 4319 - 4321, which numbers

he quotes under T. rosea. His T. tons suppos i

hairs of the spikelets, we eaker culms ees more Pelee ue These characters

are very little marked in ore 4320 (w met ‘ tee type), and gs entirely when

tested by the sey material “* Ngad® oad-le: poe: Palen is re pat

ake pecimens wn ree ibesa di t

pontaneously on pen sides and in caltivaton and is S saabahly: ‘traly anna

‘chike another extreme, which s o form small, dense tufts and has slender

culms, and narrow, sometimes pene Se eave appears to be icin of dry

and cane ground. According to Nees, the area of T. rosea extends towards the

Tricholena. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 445

south-west as far as “Swellendam.” I have not seen any specimens from there

nor from various other localities which he quotes. They may be either T. rosea

or T. setifolia.

3. T. brevipila (Hack. in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb.

xxx. 143); annual; culms geniculate, branched below, slender, 8-10

in. long, terete, glabrous; sheaths subterete, uppermost often

fringe of short hairs ; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, 2-22 in

—1i lin., flat, flaceid, scantily pubescent and more or less rough

on the upper side ; panicle oblong, 2—4 in. long, scanty, lax ; rhachis

very slender, scaberulous ; branches 2-nate or solitary, sparingly

branched from near the base, capillary like the pedicels, scaberulous

or almost smooth, tips of the latter thickened with a few long fine

hairs ; spikelets oblong, 21-31 lin. long, olive-brown, minutely

eae shortly bearded at the base; lower glume oblong, obtuse,

3 i

1 In. jong, glabrous, upper equalling the spikelet, chartaceous,

obliquely ovate-lanceolate, slightly gibbous below the middle,

obtusely or subacutely 2-toothed with a fine awn from the sinus

oblong, obtuse, glabrous ; valve emarginate, faintly 5-nerved, mem-

branous. Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 769; Hackel in

ili. 15.

Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Apy. iii.

WestTERN REGION : Great Namaqualand, Gamochab, Schinz, 631!

Linnea xi. Lit. er. 130); perennial, very glancous ; culms erect

or geniculately ascending from a short rhizome or a suffrutescent base,

all over; lower floret 3d: valve very similar to the upper glume,

slightly longer and broader, minutely emarginate and mucronate ;

Pale subequal to the valve, ciliate on the keels; ¢ floret oblong,

obtuse, 2 lin, long ; valve rigidly membranous, shining, obscurely 5-

herved ; anthers 3 lin, long. Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 19; Durand §

446 GRAMINF& (Stapf). | Tricholena.

Schinz, Ag Fi, i v. 769. iain capense, giao in Fiosm.

» Sch , vil. 275

St. Pétersb. sér. vi. iii. 297; Steud. eye. Pl. Glu, i. 92.

dasyanthum, Lichtenst. ex: sting re mat Austr. l.c

CENTRA - Prince Alb at Zwastbalete near the Gamka

River, 2500-3000 ft., Drége, 899! “Calvin Div. ; between Lospers Plaats and

Springbok Kuil River, ot _

ARI REG : Orange Free State; Jackals Fontein, Burke / Bechuana-

land ror ia Blom vee Fichtenst ein.

5. T. arenaria eee’ Cat. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. 1835, and in

Linne. Lit. Ber. 130); perennial; culms branched below,

geniculate, slender, rigid, over 1 ft. long, glaucous , rough below the

nodes; leaves glaucous ; sheaths terete, tight, eae except at the

id, lax, open,

long ; rhachis very slender, smooth; branches fascicled or 2-nate,

rather distant, tiliform a in. long, often undivided for 3-3

their length from the base, then loosely divided (the longer re-

peatedly); branchlets and pedicels roaaered smooth, the latter 1-2 lin.

ong; spikelets oblong, 1--14 lin. long, finely pubescent, often

purplish; lower glume an seein ly minute ciliate scale, upper

tancadtatelublotg, “equalling the spikelet, membranous, minutely or

obscurely emarzinate, mucronulate or muticous, finely 5- nerved,

pubescent all over ; lower floret t ¢: valve equal and similar to the

upper glume, but broader and more trancat ; pale subequal,

minutely 2 2 lobed, ciliolate above, keels glabrous; ¢ floret elliptic or

ovate-oblong, 2 lin. long ; valve obtuse, tigidly se bends, shining,

very faintly 5-nerved; anthers : lin. long; grain elliptic-oblong,

+ lin. long. Dees, Afr. Austr. 20 ; Durand § Schinz, teas

. Afr. v. 769; Hack. in Bull, Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 1

gt uscguas Bick oY Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 92.

R. 8B, glauca (Stapf) ; a penerecen pee the base ; asia hag

wey tise, pore: gal bro Anthenantia glauea, Hack. in Yer Bot.

Ve v. Brandenb. x x. 237 ; in Bull, Herb, Robes iss. iv. App. ii

ERN REGION: Tid Namaqua'and ; sand-hills between Tekken and

Droge, 2568! Var. 8: Great Namaqualand; Tiras, Schinz, 673! ndy

baaias between Ausis and Kuias, Schenk, 80.

T. glabra (Stapf); perennial; culms densely fascicled, arent

or subgeniculate, alent Ts Pings hed and wiry below, 1-1} ft. lon,

glabrous, smooth, 5—7-n ; upper internodes at t length eae 9

sheaths tight, terete, potrny lower subpersistent, often. finely hairy 5

ligule a devine fringe of fine. hairs ; blades linear, long tapering 60

fine point, 2}-43 in, by 1-21 lin., flat or involute, somewhat rigid

and glaucous, ‘nek. ubeseent or glabrous, smooth; paniele oblong

or obovoid, open or contracted, lax, 21-6 in. long; rhachis slender,

Tricholena. | GRAMINEZ (Stapf). |

smooth ; branches filiform, smooth, 2-na’ or solitary, the longest

2-4 in. long, very laxly and repeatedly divided from the base, or “the

strongest simple for }—1 in. ; branchlets and pedicels very delicate,

capillary, flexuous, the latter 1-2 lin. long; spikelets py Pht

1] lin. long, glabrous, ‘gored or lh with purple ; lower glum

extremely minute scale, upper oblong almost equalling the spikelet,

emarginate, membranous, faintly 5- ~nerved ; lower flor valve

very eimilar to the upper Sn ae slightly longer and pcedee:

pale equal to the valve, glabrou floret oblong 2 lin, lon ng 5

valve rigidly membranous, Sie , obscurely 5-nerved ; “anthers 2 3-3

lin. long.

ERN Reoion: Natal; sandy valley near the Tugela River, 1000 f

Buchanan, 259! * Holpmaakar Spruit, Potgeiter’s Rust” (in Natal ?), Nelson

XXII. MELINIS, Beauv.

Spikelets linear-oblong, small, laterally compressed, panicled,

deciduous from the capillary pedicels ; sii floret reduced to an

very thin’ and rigidly membranous, wget 2-lobed shining,

obscurely 3-1-nerved with an equal, obseurely 2-nerved ale of

similar substance. LoclLlicules 2, very delicate. Stamens 3. Styles

free, slender : ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. rain unknown.

Perennial or annual (?); culms ascending from a prostrate, very eygree agp

thoded, branched ban ; ligales reduced to a fringe of short hairs; panic

t racted narrow, much divided, with cies branchlets and sestioels Ses nace 3

usually purple, ae least at the tips.

Species 1, in Brazil, tropical and subtropical Africa and Madagascar.

Very closely allied to Tricholena.

_l. M. minutiflora (Beauv. Agrost. 54, t. xi. f. 4) var. pilosa

(Stapf); perennial or annual (?); culms 1-3 ft. high, more or less

hirsute except at the upper nodes ; leaves loosely hirsute to tomentose ;

rena tight, terete, striate, finely tu tubercled ; blades linear to linear-

laneeolate, long tapering to a very fine point, 2-6 in. by 23-4} lin.,

rather rigid, flat or involute; panicle linear to fiusaeohiniak: con-

tracted or r ohribel spike-like, 4-8 in. lung, erect, stiff or rather flexuous ;

oe slender, angular, smooth below ; branches 2-nate or the lower

ses fascicles, cei hs to 3 in. long, distantly and repeatedly

divided from the bas : tails and pedicels eee flexuous,

obtuse,

lower valve, more or less tee above the base, hairs white, very fine; i

448 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [Melinis.

awn of the lower valve very slender, cen up to 4 lin. long;

$ floret % lin. long, glabrous ; anthers or

Eastern ReGion: Natal; near cane hills, 2000-2500 ft., Buchanan,

299 !

Also in Nyasaland and on Mt, Ruwenzori.

ted pling form which is very common in Brazil and occurs also in tropical

fri d Madag n> pee only differs in being completely glabrous, and in the

Souiiienl absence of awn

XXII. ARUNDINELLA, Raddi.

Spikelets small, 2} lin. to less than 1 lin. long, acute or acuminate,

panicled, co — uous with or sp age es on the pedicels;

b MOF 6°, ae Glumes persistent, acuminate, membranous,

strongly 3-—5-nerv upper usually longer. Low valve thin,

equalling the lower clume or slightly longer, subacute or minutely

truncate, 3-7 nerved; upper valve terete, rarely dorsally subcom-

pressed, thin, finally ng entire or minutely bifid, 3-7-nerved,

minutely scaberulous, lobes sometimes produced into fine bristles ;

awn terminal or from between the lobes, agri kneed or straight, or

0; callus very short, obtuse. Pales linear, 2 5 Cacled s flaps more or

less auricled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, rather fleshy or 0 in the lower

floret. Stamens 3 or 0 in the lower floret. Ovary glabrous, oblong

or more or less arrested or 0 in the lower floret; styles distinct;

stigmas plumose, laterally oxserted. Grain oblong to ellipsoid,

terete or dorsally vicina. tightly embraced by the valve and

pale, free; hilum punctiform ; embryo large ; albumen hard.

Perennial, rarely cage leaves various ; panicles usually rather stiff ; branches

stiff, divided from the

About 25 species, dae in tropical Asin and America,

1. A. Ecklonii (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 80); perennial ; culms erect,

23-4 ft., glabrous, 4-6-noded; sheaths rather tight, glabrous oF

ciliate along the margins or hirsute ; ligules extremely short, ciliolate ;

blades linear, tapering to a long fine point, from a few inches to more

than 1 ft. by 2-4 lin., flat or convolute, rigid, glabrous, margins

Ff : ai ? hf :

up to 8 in. long, stiff, seabrid ; site Li sie be 2-91 lin. long ;

Sas ene 9 bifid, 1) ie: tales iy, minutely snberals

eallus minutely 2-bea rded : awn fine, column dark brown, 1} lin.

long, bristle whitish, 1 lin. long ; pale linear, 12 lin. long, rnb

Arundinella.} GRAMINE® (Stapf). 449

between the keels; lodicules and stamens as in the ¢ sr ae gas

Syn. Pl. Glum.i. 114 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

Coast RrGion: George Div.; along the Nuakamma River, oe bee

Viten <i Div, gfe rtkops River, on Mountains aie the Van Stadens River,

cklon ; Uitenhage, Zeyher ! Komgha Div ag f the Kei River, below 500

fy, Drége ! Catheart Div. ; Old Kat Berg Pas 5200 ft., Galpin, 2 2415! Queens-

town Diy. ; Shiloh, along the river, 3500 ft., Bar, 883!

E.S.C.A. , 303!

STERN REGION: al; on the banks of rivulets between nt Urinal River

and hagas ig! Drége ! Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Bue nan, 275! Um

pum — Hae 2000 ft., Buchanan, 274! and be Fry porn Bs locality,

ae. be a

Very ¢ rai ci ed to A. brasiliensis, Raddi, a very polymorphic species

vii 785 oe tropical Asia and America. (See Hook. fil., Flora of Brit. India,

A. rigida (Nees, Fl. Afr. Aus tr. Pet from the Kamies Bergen, Namaqualand,

seems to be a hairy state of A. Eck

XXIV. TRICHOPTERYX. Nees.

Spikelets usually 2-18 lin. long, more or less lanceolate to linear,

pedicelled, panicled; rhachilla disarticulating between (and less

readily below) the valves, glabrous, not produced beyond the upper

ret. Florets 2 , heteromorphous ; lower @, rarely barren ; upper ¢.

or subcoriaceous, unequal, 3- (very

of%

twisted below. Pales membranous, 2-keeled, narrower in the

$ floret and channelled between the stout keels. Lodicules 2,

cuneate, usually very fleshy. Stamens 2, rarely 3, or 0 in the

lower floret, Ovary oblong, glabrous, A Ne in the ¢ floret ;

Grain obovoid to linear-oblong, Seon: or almost terete, tightly

embraced by its valve and pale, free ; hilum linear, long ; embryo

large ; albumen mas ard

_ Perennial, rarely a of very different habit; leaves more or less

nigid ; = apse ‘ine of i apfkcleta slender, from 2 lin. to 1} in. long, scattered

™m mostly contracted, narrow panicles.

ai Ppeciee ie in eat Africa, extra-tropical South Africa, and in Mada-

Spikelets —- Ea longs valve of 4 Gade, not bearded

oat 3 “floret 3-nerved; culms erect, simple, never

suff

Valve of fo fovek 7+ to sub-5-nerved ; callus 2.toothed

g 1) simplex.

org floret distinctly 9-nerved ; callus very acute (2) flavida.

ia et 8 fret sub-Tenerved; suffrutescent ... ... (8) ramoss.

- ae chee valve of ¢ long bearded below the

ae iddle ; ‘el aed slender, ee leaves short,

Vou. vit. Geiaee ie

450 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Trichopteryz.

1. T. simplex (Hack. ex oe sn Nl Mays Afr. 129 in

note); densely tufted ; culms 2-3 ft. long, glabrous, 2- (rarely 3-) noded ;

leaves all but 2 or 3 near the base, sheathing the culm s to ft.; sheaths

firm, tight, glabrous or more or ‘less hispid, bearded at the nodes, the

lowest tomentose at the base and finally splitting into rigid fibres ;

blades narrow linear, tapering to a long setaceous point, 3 ft. by

2 lin. or less, flat or ona rigid, hirsute or glabrescent ; panicle

erect, contracted, 6—10 in ; rhachis glaucous; branches fascicled

or geminate, erect, very ae 1, the longest to 2-3 in. long, filiform,

sparingly branched, scabrid or almost smooth ; ; spikelets light brown,

5-6 lin. long ; glumes glabrous, rarely sparingly bristly, the lower lanceo-

late-oblong, minutely subtruncate, 21—3 lin. long, the upper lanceolate,

produced into a linear convolute ‘truncate beak, 5-7 lin. long; lower

floret ¢: valve lanceolate, soni or acutely aoe usually shorter

than the upper glume, glabrous or with a very few bristles along the

outer nerves ; pale iabaeonlong. 32 lin. long; stamens 2, anthers 13-2

lin. long; ¢ floret : valve oblong-linear, terete, 21—3 lin. long (in this

and the following species measured from the callus to the base of the

awn), pubescent, faintly 7- igh: shortly bifid ; lobes acute ; callus

2-toothed, villous, bearded, + lin. long ; column of awn 4-5 lin. long;

bristle 9-15 lin. long ; pale anceolate, acute, 3 lin. long; stamens

as inthe g. Durand & Schina, Consp. Fl. Afr. vy. 846. K. Schum.

in et Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 109 (partly); T. sp., Benth. in Journ. Linn.

Soc. xix. 98. Tristachya simplex, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 269; Steud.

Sy vi LL Glum, i. 238.

R. 8, minor © (Sta) poor 1 ft. long, — — the pg ~— a

done blades volute, eous, those he bar sh g ast

culms, elaieous ees peo 3-6 in. elie paige 44-5 ta. yey eae!

spain glabrous,

AR. y, erinita (Stapf ex Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. i. 214) ; culms 1-2}

ft. long, 1-2-noded; blades conyolute, subsetaceous, rarely flat, ‘those of the

ont shoots 1-1} ft. long, glaucous, glabrous, nodes glabrous, rarely silky;

panicle 5-6 in. long; spikelets 5-6) lin - lon ng lower glume 2-33 lin. long, like

the upper bristly along the nerve valve f g shorter pao the upper glume,

acutely acuminate, sub-5-nerved, bristly anit the inner side-nerv

Var. 3, sericea (Stapf) ; ¢ ulms 1 -21 ft. long, 2-3-noded ; blades 5 convolute,

ceous, i on flat, Sighs * Bey see Flabrons, ene uae

Katana ReGIon ; Transvaal ; on the top of greeny _ in Zoutpans-

g Div., Nelson, 88*! near Ly den nburg, Wilms, 1706! V . minor:

pai State Oy, Buchanan ! iret mg ericea : Teanavaal Houtbosch, Rehman”

5663 ! 5664! Houtbosch Berg, by the Broeder Stroo:

Eastern Recion: Pondoland ; price nm St. Sob River and ‘Um tsicn —_

: : on

at U ! ‘

Tnande, Wood, 1580! —— of ditches bec Umpumalo, 2000 ft., Buchana”

293! and without — locality, Buchanan, 65! South Downs in 7

Co tg 4000 ft., Wood, 4404! Drage, 4236° from Port Natal, is probably ©

song with gisbrons spikelets. Its lower branches are nodding and over 3°

lon

bio in tropical Africa.

isa

T'rich opteryz. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 451

Some specimens, are on the whole so intricately related to eac

similar forms occur in Madagascar, viz. T. stipoides, Hack., and Stipa

madagascariensis, Baker.

the shortly bearded nodes ; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a long

Setaceous point, up to 6-8 in. by 1 lin., convolute, rather rigid,

long, glabrous; lower glume

ovate, acute, 23~3 lin. long; upper lanceolate, truncate, 4-5 lin. long ;

lower floret ¢ ; valve lanceolate, acute, sub-5-nerved; pale linear-

lanceolate, 3 lin, long; stamens 2 ; anthers 1 lin. long; ¢ floret: valve

inear-oblong, 2 lin. long, pubescent, 9-nerved, shortly bifid; callus

pungent, villous; awn about 1 in. long, fine, kneed at the middle;

pale not quite 2 lin. long; stamens as in the g

1 Reeion: Transvaal ; Pretoria, Rehmann, 4730! Magalies Bergen,

at Derde Poort, Nelson, 75a!

much branched, 1 ft. high; stems very slender, smooth, hard, flower-

ing branches 3-noded ; leaves 3—4 at the base of the branches, the other

kneed below the middle ; pale 23 lin. long; stamens 2; grain ovoid-

oblong, grooved, 1 lin. long ; embryo lin. long.

Katanart Region: Griqualand West, Hay Div.; Klip Fontein, Burchell,

2164! 2164/1!

452 GRAMINEX eae [ Trichopteryz.

abe : eee glume ovate, subacute or abhi, 12 —]i Tin. long, g clalannts,

thin, upper lanceolate acuminate, acute, 2-2} lin. long: lower floret at

valve like the upper glume, slightly longer ; pale linear-oblong, 1;

in. long; stamens 2, anthers + lin. long; 2 floret : valve oblong,

1 lin. long, deeply bifid, lobes produeed into fine bristles 14 lin. long,

glabrous except a long beard on each side at the middle, sub-7-nerved ;

callus minute, obtuse, minutely bearded ; awn very er 3 lin. long,

column very short ; pale 12 lin. long ; stamens 2. ees, Fl. Afr.

Austr. 339. Danthonia oe = Syn. Pl. ‘Ohne i, 244;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Flor. Afr. v

KaLanaRI REGION: Transvaal, alee Distr., Spitzkop Goldmine, Wilms,

t eae ERN ReGion: Natal; common on wet banks, Buchanan, 291! between

Umtentu River and Uwaimkuta River, 500 ft., Drege ! ! Zululand; in a swamp at

Entumeni, Wood, 3

Also in the Shire Ec

XXV. TRISTACHYA, Nees.

Spikelets 5 lin. to 2 in. ong, lanceolate to linear, sessile or shortly

pedicelled in clusters of 3 a the tips of the branches of a raceme OF

panicle; rhachilla disarticulating between the valves and less readily

or imperfectly below them, glabrous, not produced beyond the ae

flo

shorter than the others; upper valve convolute, membranous or ultt-

mately contilaginons, bifid, 7- (rarely 5-) nerved, awned from between

8 lobes ; awn need, twisted below. Pales membranous, hyaline,

kecled: Lodi cites 2, cuneate, very fleshy. Stamens 3. Ovar

dbowidid to oblong, glabrous or the top hairy, rudimentary in the 3

floret ; stigmas plumose, long, laterally exserted. Grain obovoid to

linear-oblong, grooved, tightly embraced by the valve and pale, free;

hi oe lin Sic ; embryo large; albumen very hard.

nnial, gene coarse grasses, growin paar in cepaaaea tufts ; ae

reid Tiga : Tine ‘ot hairs 3 triplets of spikelets large and few race

sm merous in scantily branched penile, Sane Toe oaaeous

rene the. sani plhees cles

Species 11-12, in Africa, Arabia and Beluchistan, and in piano America. :

Flames glabro’ (1) Behman2-

Glume oe or iad hair

Glumes equal, about £10 lin. long, lower with a submar-

ginal row of large black bristle-bearing glands on each ete

side, otherwise glabrous, upper pubescent (2) biseriata-

Glumes nnequal, ae! and 14-18 on long respectively

aestes preating a bese ot i ve sl me glands a

50 8s in airs On: a on .

the ienestita uate a : e * party oa Bi (3) leucothriz

Se Sata sc

Tristachya. | GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 453

1. T. Rehmanni (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 8384); eompactly

cespitose ; culms 3-3 ft., glabrous, rough, l-noded at the middle

or above; leaves mainly ‘basal, sheathing the culm for 4-6 in.,

lowest sheaths very firm, rigid, persistent, “densely tomentose below,

glabrescent above, upper sparsely hirsute or glabrous, nodes villous

or glabrescent ; blades linear, tapering to a sharp point, 4~6 in. by

spikelets 1-12 in —9 in erect contracted racemes; rhachi

villous at the lowermost node ; peduncles 2—3-nate, up to 12 in. long,

straight glabrous; pedicels 0; lower glume lanceolate, acute,

7-10 lin, long, din, brown, glabrous, smooth, strongly 3-nerved; upper

glume lanceolate, long subulate- a oe = lin. long, glabrous,

smooth; lower flovet 3 : valve lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, 10-12

lin. long, 5-nerved or 7-nerved above, me i smooth ; pale linear-

oblong, 2-toothed, 9-10 lin. long, keels narrowly winged ; anthers

lin

2 ong ; oret valve linear-lanceolate, pubescent, 5-

netved, submarginal nerves rather strong, lobes 1-nerved, produced

into fine bristles 10 lin. long; callus pungent, 12 lin. long, villous ;

—— 7. attri 21-3 in. long; pale oblo ng-linear , tip truncate

spoon-shaped ; top ‘of ovary and styles pubescent. T. glabra, Stapf

im Kew Bulletin, 1897, 294.

1e Mooi River, near Potchefstroom,

RI Reeton: Transvaal; by tl

at Stryd Poort,

KALawa

Nelson, 31*! Thane esburg, Ba eet Wien apans Range,

Kehmann, 5383! (5884 according to Hackel).

A more glabrous form in the Shire Highlands.

in ate: eae erect, 1-14 in. long, gla labrous

glume lanceola ate, acuminate, about 10 lin. long, rather firm, jellowial

0. g;

Op of ovary and seyleaeyi

Katanant Region: pone Leribe, Buchanan, 220!

3. T. leucothrix (Trin. ex Nees, Agrost. Bras. 460) ; culms 1-2 ft.

454 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Tristachya.

long, glabrous, 2-(rarely 1-) noded; leaves mostly basal; lowest sheaths

ery firm, rigid, persistent, fulvously tomentose below, glabrescent

saaoree: upper “rather tight, sparsely hairy or glabrous ; nodes villous ; ;

blades linear, tapering to a fine point or ee 6-9 in. by 13-2 lin.,

uppermost much shorter, rigid, glabrous and smooth, or sparsely

hairy, rarely hispidly villous ; triplets of “afials ets 1-12 in. long,

5-3 in racemes, rarely 2 or solitary ; peduncles 3-12 in. long, flexuous,

glabrous and smooth or hispid above ; pedicels very short, stout or

hardly any; lower glume lanceolate, acute or subulate-acuminate,

9-12 lin. long, firm, 3-nerved, with long white soft spreading hairs

from closely crowded small tubercles along the nerves; upper glume

lanceolate, long subulate-acuminate, 14-18 lin, long, scarious, 3-

nerved, minutely tubercled and spreadingly hairy along the margin ;

lower floret t g: valve similar to the upper glume, but slightly longer,

7-nerved, sompenen close to the margins with a double row 0

i ring glands

lin. long. Nees in piles vii oe FL Afr. Austr. 9 67 ; Kunth,

Enum. i. 308 ; Trin. Pan. Can. 337 : Drege in Linnea, xx. 253

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 238; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xyix.

174, ¢. 115, fig. B; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 845. T-

monotephala. Hochst. in Flora, 1846, 120; Steud. l.c. 938; "Deine

s Schinz, l.e. 845. TT. hispida, K. "Relais. 3 n Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.

109. Avena hispida, Thunb. Prodr. 22. Anthistiria hispida,

ae rig Ai yp. ed. Schult. 107, Danthonia hispida, Spreng-

Syst. Veg. i.

Coast Recion : Swellendam Div.; Mund. George Div.; Mund. ernaeet

nge K

cael loof, Thunberg ! Human i K iver, Thunbe

Port Elizabeth Div. ; Krakakamma Mountains, Ecklon. Port Elizabeth, B.S

b., 87! Alexandria Div.; Zuur Bergen, Dréye; Zwar , Burke! Addo,

ége. y Div.; near Grahamstown, — eyhe 5! .

tock m

Ecklon. King Williamstown Div. ; near the et se i Yallow wood) “Ri ver, 1800 ft

Drége. Komgha Diy.; near Komgha, Flanagan, ah

CENTRAL Pog So t Div.; on the plateau at the summit of Bos ch

Berg, 4800 ft., MacOwan § Bolus, Herb. Norm. Austr Afr. 789! Alexandria

Div.; on the rocks of Zwartwater Poort, Burchell, 3381

RI ReGion: Transvaal; near penne. Wilms, 1709! Spitzkop, =

Letelbacle' diatinek, ¥ elson, 93* !

ASTERN REGION: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 275 partly! sgt

land; between St. Johns River and Umtsikuba River, Drége! Natal; ©

summit of Table Mountain near Pieter Maritzburg, Krauss, 366! In Inanda, Wo

1594! Umpumaulo and Riet Vlei, Buchanan, 237! and without precise lout:

Buchanan, 59!

Also in tropical Africa,

Prionanthium. ] GRAMINE& (Stapf). 455

XXVI. PRIONANTHIUM, Desv.

_ Spikelets more or less oblong, sessile or subsessile in a spike-

like panicle or raceme; rhachilla tough, minutely produced

beyond the upper floret. Florets 2, ¢. Glumes 2, persistent,

orsmooth. Valves enclosed by and shorter than the glumes, sub

equal, hyaline, 3-nerved, acute, muticous. Pales slightly shorter

than the valves, hyaline, 2-nerved. Lodiecules 2, broadly cuneate or

subquadrate, minute, fleshy. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles

short, distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed

by the searcely altered valve an

Annual; culms slender; leaves narrow; ligule a line of hairs; panicles spike-

like, or reduced to spike-like racemes; spikelets 2- (rarely 3-) nate, or solitary,

adpressed, rigid

Species 3, in the Cape Colony.

Panicle spike-like, not secund, nor 2-ranked :

Lateral nerves of the glumes close to the keel, mem-

branous margins very broad .., oF fat see

Lateral nerves of the glumes more equally distributed

_ _ over the sides, margins narrow ek ee ... (2) Ecklonii,

Panicle reduced to a 2-ranked secund spike-likeraceme ... (3) pholiuroides.

(1) rigidum.

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Phalaris dentata, Linn. f. Suppl. 106; Thunb. Prodr.19; Fl. Cap.

ed. Schult. 106; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 797 (partly).

hleum dentatum, Pers, Syn. i. 79. Chiloehloa dentata, Trin. Gram.

Unifl. et Sesquifl. 168,

CentRAL Recion: Calvinia Div. ; Bockland (Bokke Veld), Thunberg /

2. P. Ecklonii (Stapf) ; culms tufted, scantily branched below,

't. long, glabrous, 3-noded ; internodes gradually

456 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Prionanthium.

keel muricate- pectinate ; valves oblong, glabrous or almost so, some-

times mucronulate ; pales glabrous except, at the ciliolate tips ; anthers

12 lin. long. Prionachne Ecklonii, Nees in Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. i.

448. P. dentata, Filme Fi. Afr. Austr. 134. Chilochloa dentata,

Trin. Ic. Gram. 73: Chondrolena phalaroides, Nees, Le. C.

dentata, Steud. ps. Pi. Glum. i. 430 ( partly). Lastochloa pectinate,

Trin. ec Pritz. Ie. Bot. Ind. Phalaris dentata, Durand § Schina,

Consp. Fl. Afr. 797 (partly).

Coast Reeion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Olifants rig Ecklon. Pique therg

Div.; near Groene Vallei in the Piquetberg meen elow 1000 ft., Drége!

Tulbagh Div.; mountains near Tulbagh, Eck

o. 2. ee (Stapf); annual; quite glabrous ; culms

tufted, genieulate, ascending, slender, 3-6 im. long, sm mooth, about

4-5-noded, with Seite branches from most nodes excepting the

upper 1 or 2, middle and. upper internodes exserted, the uppermost

and base of the spike enclosed ; sheaths smoot th, lower short, pur-

linear, tapering to a fine point, 2-21 in. by 3-3 lin., more or less

spreading, strongly striate, smooth below, scabrid above ; panicle

reduced to a stiff erect spike-like 2-ranked secund raceme, 1-l;

in. long; rhachis wavy, triquetrous, subscaberulous, back flat, sides

hollowed out; pedicels extremely short, stout; spikelets adpressed

to the thachis, several times longer than ‘the internodes, about 3 lin.

long ; continuation of thachilla minute ; glumes subequal, Tinear-

oblong, subacute, keel stout, smooth or min utely tubercled, side- nerves

about 3 on each side, close, prominent, hyaline margins as broad

as the herbaceous part at the middle, lower oh * da: successive

glumes, eon except a herbaceous otek # near the junction of the

3 nerves, a scaberulous upwards; pales glabrous ; anthers neatly

12 lin. lon:

j Reaion: Cape Div.; damp hollows in Fish Hook Valley, Wolley Dod,

394

like Pholiurus pannonicus in habit and strueture, en for the

silts being strongly compressed from the i and the glumes being not S0

XXVII. ACHNERIA, Munro (non Beauv.).

Spikelets oblong to elliptie, pyran mpressed, in lax or dense,

very rarely spike-like panicles ; rhachilla disarticulating above the

glumes and between the valves, more or less produced “be yond oe

upper floret. Florets 2, 3. Glwmes subhyaline, rigid or su

coriaceous, onsite subequal, 1- oes the base cp 3-) nerved,

oes Tal: wn runcate or a or ai nate, entire

Achneria. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 457

or obscure. Pules narrow, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, minute, cuneate.

tamens 3. vary glabrous; styles distinct; stigmas plumose.

Grain linear-oblong, ‘grooved in front, enclosed by the unaltered

valve and pale, free ; ‘hilum short, linear-oblong ; embryo 1-2 the

phn of the grain

nial, at rarely mpage blades narrow, usually convolute or setaceous ;

Liptay a ve f fine hairs ; panicles usually yee mua divided and a

least tempo ay open ok, fine lengthened branches nchlets, rarely

densely actioned or spike-like ; spikelets more or less ae or plies ng.

Species 9, all endemic in aay ay South Africa.

ria and Pentaschistis are very closely ng Kn the former being

searcely more than the eit parallel of the The affinity oe

i setifolia, where the uppe fie

and provided with side hii: pia as in Pentaschistis, alt po on &

much reduced scale. In Ach s well as in Pentaschistis and a few other

genera, Keep glands occur frequent y on the leaves, the divisions on 7

panicle and the keels of the glumes. a are usually pitted in the dry state

owing fey rs shrinkage of the ee port

ae pee) dense to compact; branchlets extremely

le icle compact, rage like, area 1-25 in, mile

satel s 14-1 lin. long (1) Ecklonii.

Pan = dense, ovoid, or lin, ‘long, “lower ‘branches

som s than 4 in. long; spikelets

Lt fi long (2) curvifolia.

Panicle t , loo ose and open ‘(at least temporarily)

branches ~ or longer than 4 of the panicle,

He the pee Pg and pedicels finely filiform to

ry:

Spikelets 1-13 lin. long ; leaves Pais small, pecs all

(3) microphylla.

biheets larger “leaves I onger

Glu obtuse to suba tiie, 13-2 lin. lon

i vi ace he elliptic ; glumes rebachied

ently 9-1l-nerved; blades

irl iin ce (4) aurea.

Spikelets Maean oblong ; glumes obtuse

valves obse ae 5-nerved; blades = finely ,

setaceous (5) capensis,

Glumes lec B acute or ‘acutely acumina

Valves much ig than the glumes spike- ;

lets 12 in ong ... (6) capillaris.

Vanes eaunling the glumes or almost so:

any-noded ; panicle large, effuse ;

sikelets lanceolate-oblo ong, 12-13

ong. (7) ampla,

Salina ——— spikelets “oblong,

2-32 lin

Panicle gests spikelets 2-21 lin. sie

long ; blades a sag .. (8) setifolia..

Panicle 4-6 in. long and hy wide

ipo 24-35 rth lone lades :

t setaceo we ... (9) hirsuta.

1. A. Ecklonii (Durand : igre Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 836),

perennial; culms 1-1; ft. ending, wiry, many-noded,

or a 8

glabrous or the lowest Somiiow ews below ; leaf-sheaths rigid,

458 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Achneria.

tight, glabrous except the ciliate upper margins or the lowest villous ;

blades convolute, subulate, 1-11 in. long, obtuse or subacute, very

rigid, glabrous ; panicle spike-like, compact, rarely interrupted, 1-2}

in. long; rhachis glabrous; branches, branchlets and pedicels extremely

short or the lowermost branches up to 1 in. long ; spikelets oblong-

elliptie, 11-14 lin. long, straw-eoloured or silvery and tinged with green

and purple, shining, much compressed; glumes acute, 1-nerved,

keels scabrid ; valves 1-14 lin. long, truncate, slightly erose, hairy

below the middle, faintly 7-nerved ; pales rather shorter than

valves, keels ciliate; anthers 1-14 lin. long. A. assimilis, Durand

§ Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 836. Eriachne Ecklonii, Nees, Fl.

Afr. Austr. i. 273; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 236. E. assimilts,

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 236.

Cc Rreion: Cape Div.; Kenilworth, near Capetown, in sandy places,

Bolus, 7967! Paarl Div.; Klein Drakenstein Mountains. in damp meadows by

the Berg River, 400 ft., Drege! Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon.

2. A. curvifolia (Stapf); perennial, densely eczspitose; culms

slender, erect or ascending, 3-4 in. long, smooth, glabrous, simple,

3-4-noded, upper internodes shortly exserted; leaves glabrous,

smooth; sheaths tight except the tumid uppermost, terete, firm,

ciliolate near the mouth, lowest persistent; ligule a ciliate mm;

4-1 their length; pedicels very short, stout; spikelets crowded.

straw-coloured and tinged with purple, about 14 lin. long; glume

obliquely ovate to ovate-lanceolate in profile, acute, firmly nar

taceous, glabrous, shining, l-nerved, keels obscurely scabrid, lower

searcely 1 lin. long; valves lanceolate in profile, subacuminate,

mucronulate, 1 lin, long, membranous, glabrous, exvepting @ few

minute hairs towards the base, faintly 5-nerved; pales slightly

shorter than the valves, obscurely 2-nerved ; anthers scarcely 3 lin.

long. Agrostis curvifolia, Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 384.

Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div. ; Hopefield, Bachmann !

is is a typical Achneria. Hackel evidently overlooked the second cage

: inguish from all Pog species 0}

8. A. microphylla (Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v- 836) 5

perennial ; compaetly cxspitose ; culms erect, slender, }—3 ft. long,

glabrous, smooth, sometimes viscous, 2-noded, uppermost internodé

long exserted ; leaf-sheaths tight, the lowest imbrieate to 4 lin. long;

broad, strongly striate, ciliate at the mouth and margins; blades

lanceolate to linear, acute or subobtuse, up to 6 lin. by 1 lin., the

uppermost very short, flat or plicate, thick, firm, glabrous, subglaucous ;

nerves few, strong, close; margins seabrid; panicle erect, up to ou

long and as much broad or broader, very loose; rhachis glabrous,

ib Pe

|SITE TSB ee rT ee

Achneria. | GRAMINE# (Stapf). 459

usually tubercled and viscous; branches 2-nate, filiform, spreading,

dichotomous from the middle ; pedicels capillary, 1—4 lin. long ; spike-

lets variegated, narrow-ovate, 1-11 lin. long, somewhat shiny ; glumes

-nerve acute, smooth; valves slightly shorter, ovate-oblong,

truncate or minutely 3-dentate, long-hairy to § their length, fai

7-nerve pales as long as their valves, truncate or obscurely

2- eeihed. tips ciliolate ; ‘anthers ¢ lin. long. Eriuchne microphylla,

vees, Fl. ‘Afr. Austr. 277 ; St cud. Syn. Pl, Glum. i. 236.

Coast gens Pi ple Div. ; Storm Berg Range, in rocky places,

3000-4000 ft., Dré

i=]

coal

4. A. aurea (Durand & Schinz, Consp. FI. Afr. v. 836); perennial ;

culms erect, 3-1 ft. long glabrous, 3—4-noded, usually sheathed a

except the woolly margins, smooth or scabrid, iaomgeeng striate ;

blades — usually ooneo ute, obtuse, the low er up to 6 in. by

1; lin., the upper very short , hairy to villous above and along the

margins, aes prominent and fe ew ; panicle erect, effuse or contracted,

oblong, 2—4 in. long, purplish ; rhachis compressed, smooth ; branches

2-nate, erect or suberect, eallous at the base, filiform, smooth,

branched from the middle or above, the lowest 11-23 in. long;

mea 15-5 lin. long ; spikelets ovate, 11-14 lin. long, variegated,

Shining ; glumes subacute, 3-nerved at the base ; ; valves slightly

shorter than the glumes, ovate, broadly truncate, minutely or

obscurely 3-dentate, prominently 11-nerved, shortly hairy ais

the nerves ; pales truncate, tips ciliolate ; anthers 1- 1} lin. long.

Aira aurea, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 470. Atropsis aurea, oes in

Linnea, vii. 317 ; Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. 216; Enum, i. 294, 525;

Suppl. 244. Eriachne aurea, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 276; ‘Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 236.

Var. 8, virens ns (St apf) ; ied 1 ft. long, ogee Demis subfiliform, 8-9

pen or up to 6 in to ong ; est bra . long ; spikelets light

tachne awrea, var. Cian oy ees, Fl. Afr. 1”. 2 76.

a OAST eoraae Cape Div. ; on the visit of as Sirsa: among shrubs,

Ecklon » 915! Var. virens: Cape Div. ; eae ne Mountain, Spielhaus ! Worcester

Div. ; ; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-3000 ft.,

5. A. — (Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. y. 836);

finely striate; blades very narrow, setaceous or filiform, obtuse,

=< in. long, glabrous ; panicle erect, oblong, narrow, 1-14 in. long ;

rhachis filiform to capillary, glabrous ; branches 2-nate, scantily

branched, 5-2-spiculate, soa erect, the lowest up to } in. long,

ones acaueehek shiny glumes inea sid colate,

eee pi Relommc s, yellowish, tips d ark, l-nerved, keels smooth

or seaberulous ; vabres lanceolate, si heenke (in profile), faintly 5-

460 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Achneria.

nerved, hairy along the margins and sometimes along the middle-

nerve, tips rieiceines 3-toothed or entire, Seeger pales obtuse, tips

ciliolate ; anther in. long; grain $~—1 long. Hrz

capensis, Steud. in “Flor ay 1829, 470. E. Steudelii, ‘Nees, Fl. Afr.

Austr. 278; Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 236. Atropsis Steudelii, Nees in Linnea,

vii. 318; Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. 217; Enum. ; 294; Suppl. 245.

Var. 8, firmula (Stapf) ; all parts more rigid ; panicle 1-14 in. long, and almost

as broad, effuse ; Po Sil elets 14 lin. long; g glumes deep pom prin the base ;

valves minutely hairy.

VaR. y vespilace agg ea ft. long ; leaves finely filiform, up to 9 in.

long ; shies ovate, 2-32 in ; effuse, pedicels very long and fine, up

to 9 lin. Ion g; sc ietets 2 lin. ee * allid.

Sourn Arrica: without precise locality, Drége, 1673! 1687!

Coast fy ok : Clanwilliam Div.; Ceder nae gen, Honig Vallei “ty Ezelsbank,

000- ége. Cape Div.; top of @ Mountain, Ecklon, 949! near

Capetown, firs rvey, 149! Cape Peninsula in es ange Kloof, Wolley "Dod, 2 2124!

Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 2500-3000 ft., Drége! Stellenbosch Div. ; on

rocks in Lowrys Pass, boii 000 ft., Droge! Swellendam Div. ; Paspas Vallei,

Ecklon. Var. firmula: Riversdale Div.; near Zoetemelks war. Burchell,

6645! Var. salptttabel- Hiversdate a on the lower part of the Lange Bergen,

near es cee Burchell, 6953

A. pal oid ol ip d_& Schi — sp. ve Afr. ea Pageants pallida,

Nees, ‘1. ren tr. 275) is = probibl a form

pan nicles and slightly smaller spikelets. ras my S olleed gs ‘Reklon 1 in Uitenhage

Division on the Zwartkops River. I have not seen it.

6. A. capillaris (Stapf in Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 2604) ; eens

flowering, uppermost internodes at length exserted; leaves loosely

villous all over ; sheaths rather lax or tumid, the lower beset with rows

of sessile or subsessile, finely pitted tubercles ; ; ligule a fringe of hairs ;

blades linear, acute, 19 j in. by 1-12 lin., involute or convolute when

dry, margins often beset. with stalked pitted tubercles ; panicle

obovate to pyramidal, 3 in. by 3-4 im., at length very lax ; branches

mostly 2-nate, eee! Ginko tenonay divided with the spikelets

approximate at the tips of the ultimate divisions, subdivaricate,

filiform to capillary, glabrous or finely hairy in the axils, smoot

except some scattered sessile tubercles ; pedicels capillary, % to almost

2 lin. long ; spikelets ovate-oblong, 14 lin. long, light green, “ somewhat

shining ; continuation of rhachilla Budi minute ; clume s ovate-Jan neeo-

late in — acute to subacuminate, hyaline, pubescent, ]-nerved 5

anthers 3 lin. long. Holeus capillaris, Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. 1. 412 ;

ed. Schult. 110 (exel. diagn ), not Prod. 20. Sorghum capillare,

Roem. & Schult. Syst. i . 840. Andropogon (1) sea siheia Kunth,

v. Gram. i 510.

Sourn AFRICA: Peirce ua locality, Thunberg !

Thunberg says, “ floscul hermaphrodito mutico, mas aristato ’’ in ith

le. and in the diagnosis of the species in Fl. Cap. l.e. viene does not agree W

Achneria.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 461

specimen, and I suspect that his diagnosis was originally drawn up from a

different plant, probably a true Holcus, whilst the description, hon follows it,

was added later and drawn from the plant which is now in his herbarium under t the

name of aed ie sagt This would also explain another tiorepaney, i

t he @ says “ . glabris” in the diagnosis, but “ glu

pr in he pkey

7. A. ampla (Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr 836) 5

perennial ; ape erect, up to 2 ft long glabrous, many-noded ; leaf-

sheaths tight, the lower imbricate, glabrous ex sometimes

ciliate mouth, striate; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, the

lower up to 10 in. by 1-2 lin. , convolute, glabrous, margins scabrid;

panicle ereet, usually large, 4-6 in. long and almost as broad

effuse ; thachis slightly compressed, hangs mete often apne

anches hairy near the base, branche their length, like the

fe nehaie filiform to capillary, ideciance: pedicsls flexuous, finely

capillary, 2-6 lin. long ; spikelets lanceolate-oblong, 13-13 lin. long,

l-nerved, keels smooth or scaberulous ; valves slightly shorter than

the glumes, ovate-lanceolate, acute (in profile), sometimes minutely

3-toothed, long, hairy to 2 2 their length, tips ciliolate, obscurely 3-5-

nerved ; pales as long as ‘their glumes, or almost so, bifid, tips cilio-

late ; anthers 1 lin. long; grain 1 lin. long. Azropsis ampla, Nees

ex Steud. Nomencl..ed. ii. i. 45. Er iachne ampla, Nees, Fl. Afr.

Austr. ae pie Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 236.

Coas pe Div.; Table baby eats lower slope above Fernwood,

Wolley D Dod, 23791 sae Wynberg and Constantia, Burchell, 817! Muizenberg

Viei, Wolley D d, 2357! marshy spiced near Tokay, Wolley Dod, 2193! ¢ range

Kloof farm, Wolley Dod, 2326.” Paarl Div. ; Paarl Mountains 1000-2000 fe. in

wet rocky places, Drége! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Drage !

Stellenbosch Div. ; Lowrys Pass, 1600 ft., Schlechter, 7212% Humansdorp Div. ;

the north side of Kromme River, Burchell, 4847 !

8. A. setifolia (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted; culms slender,

erect, 1 to over 1 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 3— 4-noded, lower inter-

nodes enclosed ; leaves crowall tcieanda the base, pubescent all over

or glabrous, often with tubercular glands ; peng tight, conspicuously

bearded at the mouth, lower very firm, strongly atrinte, persistent ;

ligule a dense hints of hairs ; blades ihaneialy involute with fine

Setaceous tips, 3-8 in. long, curve or curled, firm, more or less

scaberulons, pore panicle open, very lax por broadly ovate or

contracted and obov: e, 11-22 in. long, often with tubercular glands ;

ranches 2-nate, Mesto Fe from 3—1-way above the base, the

longest “2 Ti: long, smooth or tubercled like the filiform axis and

long, straw-coloured or slightly purplish below, somewhat glistening ;

glumes equal or almost so, oblong-lanceolate in profile, acute to

acuminate, 13 Jin. long, finely hairy, faintly 5-7-nerved, tip entire,

finely 'subulate or ‘$5 dantioalate with a minute mucro, more rarely

FMGG pant m G, tofencre

462 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Achneria.

with a delicate bristle or awn from the middle; pales glabrous,

slightly shorter than the valves ; anthers 1-14 lin. long; grain lin

long. Holcus nines Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 110. Dan-

thunia porosa, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 283; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 239 ;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 853. D. echananbety Steud. Syn.

Pt. Glum. i. 239. Eriachne tuberculata, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 274.

Achneria tuberculata, Durand § Schinz, lie. 836.

South Arrica: without _— eee Prieta

Reeion: Uitenhage Div. (?), in ssy places on the rocky ridges

between eg ones River soa gt eh aa aces, Ecklon. Stockenstrom Div. ;

at Berg 5000 ft., Drége’ Catheart Div.; between Windvogel Berg

and veal i River, coh ft., Drége! King Williamstown Div. ; Amato ln

Mountains, Buchana

ENTRAL REGION : air sep gam Zeyher! Aliwal North Div. ; Witte Bergen,

on rocks, 7 t., D

e variability of the shies is very puzzling. They are usually entire or

minutely 3-toothed and awnless; but there is, in the upper valve, frequently a

tendency towards the formation of a n awn, them gen nerve running into a slender

d short mucro or a deli i rier ong. In extreme cases, t

bristle is replaced by a slender kneed awn ost as long as the valve, ye the

minnte side lobes have each a short very Pa "bristle at the inner at

state is, however, always, as it seems, confined to a small number of spikelets, and

oes not affect the whole panicle.

9. A. hirsuta (Stapf); perennial, densely czspitose ; culms erect,

somewhat stout, up to more than 2 ft. long, simple, glabrous, smooth,

2—3-noded, uppermost internode exserted ; leaves crowded at the

mouth ; ligule a dense ee of hairs ; blades ane tapering ‘of a

erage s

more or less capillary branchlets and pedicels, slightly viscid, glabrous,

or sparingly hairy at the callous axils, loosely trichotomous, the

: ii

longest up to 5 in. long; icels 2— long; spikelet oblong,

3-3 lin. long, pallid or purplish below, somewhat amt ee glum

lanceolate in pile, acuminate, sobouie Bote eae -nerved,

14 lin. long ; grain ik lin. long. Danthonia hirsuta, pi 1. Afr.

Austr. 282; Durand ‘§ Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 50.

dong So glabrata Site 52, smaller; leaves shorter, gabrom, excepting © _

cilia rgins and bearded mouth of the | sheaths; panicles 4 by 4- ily

bec penmag Dh Hin. long.

Coast RxGion: Aliwal North Div.; Witte Bergen Range, 6000 ft., Drége!

bod B: Albany Div. ; mountain slopes near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., Macowan,

Atra. ] GRAMINER (Stapf). 463

XXVIII. AIRA, Linn.

Spikelets small, laterally eee ch loosely panicled ; rhachilla

disarticulating below and also between the valves, minutely produc

beyond the upper floret. Florets 2, "3. Glumes aban me a

kneed, twisted below; callus minute, glabrous or minutely hairy.

Pales slightly shorter than the glumes, narrow, 2-toothed. Lodicules

2, delicate. Stamens 3; anthers small. Ovary glabrous; styles

short, distinet ; stigmas seasons laterally exserted near the base.

Grain more or less adhering to its vaive and pale; hilum oblong,

minute ; embryo suborbicular, 2 4-1 the length of the grain.

Small annuals with slender stems and leaves and with delicate, usually open

panicles.

About 6 species, mainly in the Mediterranean region, 1 extending to tropical

Africa and the Cape, and introduced into various parts of the world,

. A. caryophyllea (Linn. Spec. Pl. 66); culms very slender,

3-9 in. high, geniculate, glabrous, few-noded ; leaf-sheaths rather

loose, minutely scaberulous ; ligules hyaline, lanceolate, up to 4 lin.

long; blades usually subsetaeeous, convolute, the lowest up to 2 in.

long, subscaberulous; panicle erect, ovate or obovate, 11-3 in.

effuse

the 1 lower awnless; awns 12~2 lin. long ; callus likes or

ene hairy ; anthers 4-1 Foyer lo one 3 Apa 1 isu n. long, pos

Fi nm. ii . HM. Be 173

Pi. Glum. i. 221; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 128; Durand &

Schinz, Consp. FL Afr. v. 884; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss.

ii. App. ii rs #

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Devils Mountain, Ecklon, 946! Wilms, 3880 !

bushes near Nouhs-Ark, Wolley Dod, 2953! Simons Bay, Wright! Paarl hie

- 5, Hotta eyher. Caledon

Uitnkes me a ; Little Brak iver, Burchell 618 a

nha y “!

MacOwan, iso7i Zwartkops River, ae My ! Albany Div. rahamsto

editerranea nd Cameroon Peak ; else-

hers as a region, Central Europe, Abyssinia a

464 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Holcus.

XXIX. HOLCUS, Linn.

scanener in rather dense, oblong or interrupted panicles, laterally

compressed, disarticulating from the tips of the pedicels; rhacliilla

s lightly produced beyond the upper floret, disarticulating more or

less readily below the valves ; joints slender, lower curved and often

than the glumes, chartaceous, very obscurely 5—3-nerved, lower

awnless, upper awned. Pales narrow, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2,

elicate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles distinet ; stigmas

plumose, laterally exserted. Grain laterally compressed, enclosed

by the valve and pale and often adhering to the latter, soft; hilum

short ; embryo small.

Annual or perennial ; sito flat or convolute when dry; panicle usually more

or less contracted, sometimes Se seit like ; spikelets deciduous, pallid.

Species about 6 ; ommon in Euro but ee in many temperate

countries ; 1 in So ia yrenty “the rest Mediterra n. '

The definition of Holcus, as given above, ex Iden wpe cespitosus, Boiss., an nd

A: grandiflorus, Boiss. & Reut., which form Benthar ection Homalachne, and

differ in having persistent glumes and perfectly seat phere the lower of which

is mntens from the upper glume by an extremely short joint.

; spikelets 12 lin. long; upper glume awned . a» (1) setiger.

en spikelets 2 lin. long ; upper glume awnless | .. (2) mollis.

1. H. setiger (Nees in Linnea, vii. 278); annual; culms slender,

up to 2 ft. long, about 3-noded, glabrous ; leaf- sheaths Re or

almost spike-like, 1-22 in. long; rhachis scabrid ; branches, braneb-

lets and pedicels fine, hairy; spikelets ovate, 11-2 lin. long, pallid ;

glumes almost equally long, seabrid, keels pectinate- -ciliate, margins,

ciliolate below the tips, the lower narrow and subulate-acuminate, the

p ; awn terminal, straight, 2-3 lin, long ;

lower floret ¢, upper d or barren; lower valve obliquely ovate,

in. long, subacute, smooth, shining, " glabrous or with a few hairs

on the keel, very obscurely 5- nerved ; callus with a few long hairs;

upper valve. small, very thin, awn eabte rminal, fine, often bent, much

shorter than the awn of the Pal os clume; pale as long as the valve 3 ;

anthers 1 lin. long. Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. i, 9 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum-

i, . (partly) ; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl, Afr. v. 833.

ESTERN REGION: ees Sarre. between Pedros Kloof and Lily

Fonts 3000-4000 ft., 1

oast REGION: Cage I Div v.; roadside at Camps Bay, Aisin 8 Dod, Ah posit

Div ; 1000-2 “tie , Drége, 2582! Tu ie Div. ; Great Winter

tain, a tellenbosch Div e Somerse + Whe, cake? Erverstale Div. 5

r Zoetemelks ‘ie Burchell, 6700

a is often an imperfect male lieve in the axil of the upper glume,

Folecus. | GRAMINES (Stapf). 465

consisting of 2 iat reduced stamens, and supported by a 2-keeled pale. (See

Greenland in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fra ance, ii, ’(1855) 172, with fig =

Closely allied and very similar to the Mediterranean H. setosus (Trin. ), but

differing from it in the slightly smaller and compara ‘aviay broader glumes,

the longer awn of the lower glume and the very small yellow anthers

2. H. lanatus (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1048); sphalmate mollis in Key

perennial, tufted, 2-3 ft. high ; culms 3—4-noded, softly hairy, A

least below the panicle, rarely quite olan: ; leaf- sheaths reversedly

and softly hairy, rarely gla ape villous at the nodes, ee ee

inflated; ligule membranous, oblong, strctonad 1 lin. long; blades

linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 61 n. by 2-84 iis the sai very

short, flat, ae ys 3 panicle erect, 0 oblong. 2-6 i in, long, usually

their valves ; sathern 4-1 lin Tost, am. ust. Li De t. 2;

Svalias ean : ee Div. ; on waste ‘tend near i Want ford Br idge, Wolley Dod

1824! between Herzog and Retret, Wolley Dod, 2184! King "Williamstown

Div. ; Rmcaier la a Miriatatine: Buchana

Nat f Europe, et and sith Africa, introduced into most temperate

ele et ‘both hemispheres

XXX. ANTHOXANTHUM, Linn.

Spikelets oblong to narrow-lanceolate, manly laterally compressed ;

rhachilla disarticulating above the upper glume, not produc we beyond

the uppermost floret. Florets 3, fi oath ime tr the low r

barren, the terminal Si Glumes —— membranous, 1 Sonerseds

keeled, acuminate ; upper longer. wer 2 valves equal and ver

similar, oblong, emarginate, feilonaees, strongly laterally com-

pressed 5-7-nerved, keeled, hairy, awned, awn of the lower valve

short from 3-3" Way ‘below the tip, of the upper longer, kneed, from

near the bar rarely from the middle; terminal valve much shorter

I-nerved. Lodicules 0. Stamens 3 in the ee 2 in the 3 florets.

Styles distinct, = ; stigmas long, exserted from the top of the

spikelet, plumo Grain ovoid, slightly po compressed ;

hilum putietiform embryo 1 the length of the

Perennial or annual; blades flat, usually flacci ia “dt ht very

a or spike-like, sometimes reduced to s scanty racemes ; sweet-scented.

VOL. vir, H is

466 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [Anthoaanthum.

Species 15, belonging to 2 sections: (1) Ev- rsa atie with 6 species

(4 in the West Mediterranean countries, 1 indigenous in Europe and North-West

Asia, but introduced into many parts of the world, and 1 in pote Africa), and

) Ataxia, with 9 s ($i th Africa, 5 in tropical 5

Mexico). The section Atawia is characterized by the lowermost valve exceeding,

at least equalling, the subtending lower glume, and by having us a

flower either in er thes r only in the lowe t floret

peste loa, ie w an species of Anthoranthum have been

Panicle eee culms

Spikelets very pallid, i iin ‘wags glumes very nearly a

Tipaliei lower 1-nerved (1) Ecklonii.

gine greener, 3 lin. long ; glumes herbaceous

ween the pagan lower 3-nerv . (2) dregeanum.

Panicle small, oblong, contracted or reduced to a 2 seanty

raceme ; culms and ee very weak, fine .. (3) Tongo.

1. A. Ecklonii (Stapf) ; rang. culms tufted, erect, simple,

1-3 ft. long, smooth, glabrous or scaberulous, finely striate, about

3-noded ; internodes ieenally longer from the base, up to 1 ft. or

more long; sheaths rather tight, smooth or scabrid, rarely

reversedly hispidulous, striate, usually very much_ shorter than

ligules scarious, white, ovate, obtuse, 1-2 lin. long; blades ar,

gradually tapering, acute, up to 3 in. by 1-12 lin., the upper ve

short, rather rigid, glabrous, smooth or scabrid, enor sea

ome Bx 31 4 lin. on pallid ; ae lanceo late to ovate-

lanceolate (in profile), acuminate, scaberulous on the keels, lower

21-3 lin. long, l-nerved, hyaline, upper 31-4 lin. long, 3- (very

rarely 1- -) nerved, ae sa lowest floret gS or barren: valve about

23 1 lin. long, 5-nerved, with a short straight awn from above the

always empty, with a kneed awn 4 lin. long

middle ; ; uppermost floret 3, 1-14 lin. long ; valve 5-nerved ; anthers

+14 lin. long ; grain Z iin. pe Anthozanthum odoratum, Kunth

in An nn. Se. Nat. sr. i, xiii. 294 (not Linn.). Ataxia Ecklonis,

Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 31; Sised. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 13. Hierate™

pao Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 7 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl.

Coast Reaion: Stockenstrom ~ Kat , 4000-5000 ft., in wet places,

Drege! peas ae Div.; by th e Klippl eg River at Shiloh, "Ecklon. King

Williamstown Div. ; Amatola Mountains, Bucha nan, 47!

HAsTERN Recion: Natal; Riet Vlei , 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan, 158!

A very closely allied species oceurs in Madagascar.

. A. dregeanum (Stapf); perennial; rhizome slender, short ;

culms erect or ascending, simple, slender. , 13-23 ft. long, glabrous,

finely striate, about 3-noded, uppermost i nternode longest, up

1 ft. or more long; sheaths tight or the lower ultimately spreading,

Anthowanthum.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 467

glabrous or very rarely reversedly hairy or scaberulous, striate,

usually very much shorter than the internodes, the basal bladeless ; ;

ligules scarious, white tray obtuse, 1-2 lin. long ; blades linear,

n. by 1

very similar to the preceding, ¢, or sometimes empty, with a straight

or kneed awn (3-4 lin, long) from below the middle of the valve ; ;

uppermost floret 3, 1 lin. long, 5-nerved; anthers up to 11 lin.

ong, Fhe dregeana, Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 37. H. Drege,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 9; ees Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 14; Durand §

Schinz, ind Fl. male 798.

: Cap ee the rai ent aig Claremont and Kenilworth,

Wolley Dod, ‘3116! by Thanponberg Vley, Wolley Dod, 3112! Paarl Div.; by the

Berg River, in the Klein Drakenstein Phe Drege! ! Worcester Div.; Hex

Ribas Valley, “the Willows,” Wolley Dod, 3708!

Hier erochloa Tongo (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 7), as represented by Drége’s

Specimen from the Cederbergen, Clanwilliam Div. (2558 !), is perhaps a weak

state of A. dregeanwm, The spikelets are rather em the glumes thinner a and

Ad ers etimes

reduced t

anthers or filaments, and also in most of the acer examined t

Phrodite flower was sf elgg | developed. It seems to be s pecially distinet

from what Nees ribed as H. Tongo, var. minor hod fn simplex, which

answer to Trinius’s abeoen Tongo and A, tent

Wolle oe “ae 8 specimens from see ea ig 2 psi a dori vigorous state

with ba ynine rig See! e stigmas of which so bifid. A similar

condition « of Hierochloa australis, gi & Schult., is deveined by Hackel in

Bot, Centralb. viii, (1881),

3. A. a (Stapf) ; culms ascending, geniculate, Mier slender

'o filiform, weak, copiously branched below, }—1 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, 3—4-no ded, uppermost internode by far the longest, <i

few striations, those of the flow wering branches dinttee than the

internodes ; ligules searious, white, oblong, acute or obtuse, }—1 lin.

long ; blades subfiliform to setaceous, flat or folded, up to 3 in. by

a5 n.; smooth, glabrous, few-nerved ; panicle contracted, narrowly

oblong, up to 1 in. long, rather loose ve reduced to a scanty raceme ;

The glabrous ; ; pedicels scaberulous or hairy, up to 12 lin. long;

spikelets oblo ny, 32 lin. long, shiny ; oes broadly-lanceolate to

usually q, rare’ rarely sm baie no about 2 lin, a. obseurely 3—5-nerved,

With a short straight awn from 1 way below the tip; intermediate

uh 2

468 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [Anthowanthum.

floret almost equal and similar to the preceding, but slightly narrower,

empty, with a kneed and twisted awn 4—5 lin. long from near he

base of the valve; anes floret g,1 lin. long, faintly 3-1-

nerved ; anthers 1} lin. lon Ataxia Tongo, Trin. Phalar. 32.

A. tenuis, Trin. l.c. (a very meak state) ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 18.

Hierochloa Tongo, vars. minor and simplex, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

8. H. tenuis, Durand § He Consp. Fl. Afr. Austr. v. 798.

ast Rreion: Cape Div. ; Devils Peak, Nth the second ha cere ag oe

in damp clefts of rocks near the top of a hill ce assenbosch and Orange

Kloof, eles Ded, 91949 | cies Milles Point, Wolley Dod, 2853! Paarl Div. ;

Paarl Moun s, 2000-3 3000 ft., Drége! Stellenbosch Div.; Lowrys Pass

fb., Seiehtor, 727 ! Worcester Div. ; in Dutoits Kloof at Pastiataeticael: in

shady places, Drége !

XXXII. KELERIA, Pers.

Spikelets laterally compressed in spike-like oc nar rhachilla

glabrous or finely hairy, disartieulating above the glume and between

the valves, produced with or witho ut a deaeirgeaeint vada) Florets

1-5, 3, or the uppermost more or less reduced. Glumes 2, persistent,

subequal or unequal, subacute to seseriieaine keeled, the lower usually

l-nerved or like the upper 3-nerved, margins hyaline. Valves

exceeding the glumes, acute or obtuse with the gr and =P 8

short subterminal awn ; callus very minute, pe ous. Pales hase

than the valves or almost as long, 2-keeled, 2- pate meas”

hyaline and white. Lodicules 2, hyaline. Stam 3. ary

glabrous ; styles distinet, very sho rt, stigmas teat exserted,

plumo e. Grain oblong, laterally compressed, whitish, soft, tightly

embraced by the et back of the valve; hilum basal, short,

obscure ; embryo sm

nnial or annual 5 _ blades usually | very narrow ; ys ee panicl

ust: ally. cylindric, e hyaline white

margins of the valves and pales, or more or pie ‘eit

Species 12-15, ae in Europe, North Africa, aia temperate Asia, 1 species

almost cosmopolita

Perennial ; ial awnless ; valves 3-nerved (1) cristata.

Annual ; valves 5-nerved, > finely aw cad. or mucrouate from

below the tips . rm .. (2) phleoides.

1. K. cristata (Pers, ret A on); perennial, densely ceespitose +

culms erect, rarely geniculately ascending, 3 ft. to more than 1 ft.

long, glabrous or villous, pubescent, 1—2-noded, es internodes

Mer

tight, striate, glabrous or pubescent to villous, the lower more oF less

persistent ; ligule obtuse, minutely ciliolate, rarely more than } lin.

long, usually produced into lateral auricles; "lie linear, acute, ‘from

Lin. to 1 ft. long, to 1 lin. broad, flat, soft and even flaccid, or setaceously

commeeennnenenemnd i tseeemnes

Keeleria.] GRAMINEH (Stapf). 469

often Rostherne or lobed, 1-4 in. mi 21-6 lin., dense; branches

repeatedly and very shortly branched from the base, like the rhachis

pubescent to minutely villous; pedicels very short ; spikelets 2-22 lin.

lanceolate, subacute to acute, 11-14 lin. long, L- nerved, the upper

much broader, subacute to acutely acuminate, 13-21 lin. long,

3-nerved ; valves oblong to lanceolate in profile, subobtuse to

acuminate, sometimes mucronulate, 13-2 lin. long, glabrous or

pubescent ; lodicules 2—3-lobed or toothed ; anthers pes lin. long ;

grain up to li lin. long. Flor. Dan. t. 9293: Kunth, Enum. i. 381;

Suppl. 315; Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. i. t. 93, fig. 1668; A. Rich. Tent.

Fl, Abyss. ii. 431 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i 292; Engl. mart gape

Trop. Afr. 134; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 892 ; Hoo

f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 308. K. parviflora, Bertol. in Schult. Mant

's 344. K. Alopecurus, Nees in mse, vii. 320; Kunth, Enum.

384; Stend.l.c.294. K. capensis, Nees, l.c. 321; ae Le. 382 ;

Steud. ‘1. ¢.293; Durand § Schinz, lc. Aira cristata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 63 ;

Engl. Bot. t t. 648 ; Knapp, Genta. Brit. t. 30. Alopecurus capensis,

Thunb. Peni: 19; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 105. Dactylis villosa,

Thunb. Prodr. 22; Fl. Ca ap. ed. Schult. 115. Aira capensis, Steud.

im hg 1829, 469. Poa cristata, Wither. Arr. Brit. Pl. 51;

Host, Gram. Austr. ii. 54, t. 75. Airochloa parviflora, Nees, Fl.

dfn. ‘Austr. 425, A. Alapaeerss Nees, l.c. 424.

"3000 ft ft., Ceder

Bergen, Ecklon. Cape Div. ; Lion Mountain, n, Ecklon n, 945 ! Burchett Mo! Table

Mountain and Cape Flats, Ecklon ; nea Con stantia Nek, Wolley Dod, 2126 ! sand-

hills by mein pti Af Wolley Dod, 3568! ig xb Kloof Woll is Dod, 2200! Paarl

Div.; Paarl Moun ns, 2000-3000 ft., Drége !_ Tulbagh Div. ; Gre as Wintes Hoek

ountain 2000-3000 ft., Drege! Tulbagh Waterfall, Talbugh Kloof, = ., Ecklon,

Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland, Ecklon. Bre and-dunes

near Cape Agulhas, Ecklon. § am Div. ; ge vinta Rict nd

s Hoek, Zeyher, 4583! near Swellendam, Zeyher, 4594! along the

lower part of the Zonder Einde River, her, 4586! Riversdale

Vs 3 e Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6609! 6691! between Great Vals

River and Zoete River, Burchell, 6566! Mossel Ba v.; dry hills on

Knysn

aw ures, Bowie, 275! Uitenhage Div.; Zwartkops River, Ecklon ; near

Uitcahaze, Bur ch ell, 1346 ! Port Elizabeth Div. ; grassy hills near Addo, Ecklon.

: ‘0

a fe it vt 2000- ft.,

Fockenstrom Div.; Kat Berg, 4000 ft., Drege! Komgha Dit: ‘ena

omgha, Flanagan, 998! Queenstown Div. ; Table Messing, 5500-6000 ft.,

Drege. Shiloh, Baur, 949 !

Pegg AL REGIoN : Graaff Reinet Div.; hills near Graaff Reinet, 4500 ft.

6000. Saha Rec North Div. ; Witte Bergen, in grassy vata ent in gorges,

Wes T

River, “Monk. Rtecros: Little Namaqualand; Kamies Bergen, Drége, Hartebeest

Drége.

partly 1 HARI Region: Orange Free State (?); without locality, Cooper, 914

470 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [Keeleria.

Pagar Reeion: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000-2500 ft., Baw, 315! Gat Berg,

000 ft., Baur, 1149! Natal, Buchanan, 95! 157 !

oun temperate regions and in highlands of the tropics.

have refrained from ag sprgp varieties ys = chiang Aeshna grass as I

nd the characters used f - pur ene ts author nstable, even in

specimens from the same ‘en lity, a ing nine so mae more or less distinct

combinations as to defy any ns boven chad ballon

K. phleoides (Pers. Syn. i. 97); annual; culms tufted,

geniculate, erect or ascending, from a few ‘inches to m ore than 1 ft.

long, smooth, glabrous, 23. (rarely 4-) noded, simple or sometimes

with a flowering branch from one of the lower r nodes; ; leaves more or

less softly hairy to villous; sheaths rather loose or the upper tight,

thin ; ligules hyaline, delicate toothed, up to } lin. long; blades

linear, tapering to an acute point, 1 to more e than 6 in. by 4 “34 lin.,

flat, flaccid ; panicle ike: -like, cylindric, sometimes lobed, 4 “3 in. y

3-7 lin. , very dense ; branches repeatedly and very shortly branched

from near the base, glabrous and smooth like the rhachis; pedicels

14-21 lin. long ; florets 3-7; rhachilla very shortly ciliolate, Lager

short ; glumes glabrous or scantily pubescent, or scaberulous in the

upper part, lower narrow, lanceolate, acute, 1-14 lin. long, 1- nara

upper much broader, slightly longer, 3- nerved ; valves oblong, always

entire but easily splitting to the base of the very fine mucro or awn

(up to 11 lin. long) and then 9-toothed, 1-1: lin. long, glabrous or

subpubescent, often scabrid, prominently 5-nerved, the upper often

different, barren, strongly compressed and _ recurved ; anthers

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 893; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

vii. 309. Festuca pheange Linn. Sp. Pl. 76. F. phleoides, Vill.

Hist. Pl. Dauph. ii. 95, t. 2, fig. 7; Desf. Fl. Atlant. i. ~ t, 235

Host, Gram. Austr, iii. t. 21. Pou phleoides, Lam. Ill. . 182.

Alopecurus ciliatus, All. Fl. Pedem. ii. 235.

Coa : Cape Div.; Green Point, Coane Wolley oe rf 76! without

precise Secalihe. "pis Siecle dam and George District,”

heme the Mediterranean Region to rag sei also in

Drége’s specimens from the Hex River, distributed as K. phleoides and

quoted by shone me under this name are, judging from the examples at Kew

bddobase pumilum, Kunth. The two — are, indeed, very similar 1”

appearance, pore no doubt, closely alli phleoides es may, however, be easily

distinguished by the very minutely ciliolate (ik long hairy) rhachilla.

“

XXXII. TRISETUM, Pers.

Spikelets usually rather small, 1-4 lin. long, in usually close, 0 often

spike-like panicles; rhachilla ciliate or long hairy, very Tf rarely

glabrous ; disarticulating above the glumes and _ between the

valves, produced into a short bristle beyond the uppermost floret.

Trisetwm.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). AT1

2, shale equal or more or less unequal, acute, keeled, lower

vag

Valves equalling or exceeding the glumes, membranous with hyaline

tips and broad margins, acutely 2-toothed, sometimes with fine short

bristles from the teeth, faintly or obscurely 5-3-nerved, awned ;

awn from the back near the tip, fine, straight or kneed and twisted

below; callus minute, more or less hairy or glabrous. Pales shorter

than the valves, 2-keeled, 2-toothed, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary

glabrous ; cael distinct, very short ; stigmas laterally exserted,

plumose. Gra oblong, whitish, soft, embraced by the usually

port brielaiin back of the valve ; hilum basal, short ; embryo

erennial, rarely annual; blades flat, usually flaccid; ligules hyaline ;

roe usually contracted, often spike- like, rarely open a and lax, more or less

gis =

Species 50-60, mainly in the temperate region of the northern a aaah ;

and au the Andes to Patagonia; a few in Australia and New Zealand.

1. T. pumilum (Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 102); annual; culms

fascieled, slender, geniculate, ascending or suberect, 2-9 in. long,

glabrous or hairy below the lower nodes, smooth, 3-4-noded, simple

z the len — of the

grain about $ lin. long. Kunth, Enum. i. 297; Trin. Gra m. ye

,and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. vi. iv. 16 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

1. 227 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 840. Avena pumila,

Desf. FI Fl. Atlant.i. 103. Keleria phleoides, ‘Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

428 (tn part), not Pers,

Oast REGION : Ceres Div.; between Hex River Mountains and the Warm

Bokkeveld, 3000-4000 ft. , Drige, 532!

ENTRAL ReGion : Bessubers Div. ; near the Dwaal River, Burchell, 1473!

Pi aca parts of the Mediterranean region; probably introduced into Cape

tm to Keleria phleoides and often confounded with it. (See under that

es,

A472 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Avenastrum.

XXXII. AVENASTRUM, Jess.

the uppermost floret or ending w ith a aie valve. Florets

scarious, more or less unequal, acute or acuminate, more or less dis-

tinctly keeled, lower 1- or 3-nerved, upper 3- (very rarely 5- to sub-7-)

nerved. Valves usually distinctly exserted from the glumes, more or

less herbaceous with scarious or hyaline tips, often rather firm, acute

or acuminate, bifid, with or without bristles from the lobes, 5-9-

nerved, awned; awn dorsal from the middle or slightly above it,

kneed and twisted below; callus short or elongate, villous. Pales

shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, 2-toothed or bifid. Lodicules 2,

ag &

—

a Q

——

jones

rey

—

pet)

ond

—

1 the aes of sae grain ; embryo aan

Perennial, onde ads linear, usually narrow, flat or convolute; ofte

eased ligules hyaline ; panicle narrow, erect, often stiff, rarely flaccid at

expanded.

Species about 45, chiefly in the temperate regions of the oe hemisphere

and through the high mountains of tropical Africa to South Afr

After having worked through the whole material of Avena (a the se of

Bentham & Hooker’s Genera eas and T'r a in the K Hovbarisim,

T have come to the conclusion that not only Trisetwm has a claice to generic

rank, but also that the section Avenas lt Koch, which, together with -

section Crithe, makes up the genus Avena of most botanists, should be consider

as a distinct anh so that Avena is confined to the section Crithe, comprising

the common

Sykes nye lin. long ; rhachilla joints 14-2 lin. long,

oe hasta’ flowered, much longer than the

tea 6-9 in. long, loosely contracted ;

eid

flaccid ; leaves long, flac (1) longum.

iene 2-3 in. long, secu: seetinid} was leaves

stly — Spwke subrigid (2) dregeanum.

Spike iota. 2- or wered, as

‘lightly longer ‘than ib glumes ; Nini se

pent: flexuous (3) quinquesetum.

Spikelets 3h 6in say lect joints 3-1 lin. long:

Spik “a lets rather compact, slightly turgid ; valves

(4) turgidulum.

Spikelets more loos oosely flowered ; valves not

sea (espept wher quite young), spread-

Pastels very narrow, bap oe s adpressed ;

valves subcartilaginous below the awn,

shabec nba or granula ne

Avenastrum. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 473

Blades 9-20 in. by 2-24 lin., lower long

ae ate Hd at the base; spikelets

5-6 lin. long; rhachilla = long

ete .. (5) Dodii.

Blades 2-9 in. long, very ‘narrow ; spik

lets 33-54 lin. long; rhachilla state

glabrous or on and shortly hairy

towards the (6) antarcticum.,

Panicle acne; vhavhilla long hairy valves

thin, smooth (7) caffrum.

1. A. longum (Stapf); culms 2-8 ft. long, ane. about

3-noded, sheathed almost all along ; ; leaves 3-6 f near the

base, 3 higher up; sheaths rather loose, zlota slightly rough ;

ligule truncate up to 13 lin.; blades linear, long tapering to a fine point,

6-10 in. by 14-3 lin., flat or more or 1 volute, flaceid, glabrous,

quite smooth or rough above; panicle contracted, 9-10 in. long,

nodding or flexuous ; branches fascicled, very un nequal, the longest up

to 21 in. long, heanched from near ae base or simple, filiform,

5-flowered ; glumes lanceolate, acuminate, the lower 33—4 lin., the

upper 43-5 lin. long; rhachilla very slender, joints up to 1} lin. long,

with long white hairs; valves long exserted, lanceolate, the lowest

5 lin. long, glabrous, rather firm, smooth, pallid, sometimes purplish

ow the scarious seaberulous bifid tips, lobes produced into fine

bristles 2-3 lin, long; callus subulate, up to 2 lin. long, hairy ; awn

rom above he middle, fine, column pallid, 3-4 lin. long, bristle

7-8 lin. long; pales 32 lin. long; keels ciliate ; anthers 14-1} lin.

long ; ovary Puberlous on the oblique nee? er top. Trisetum

antarcticum n Lin cx. 264, nm Linnea, vii. 307.

Avena longa, Stapf i in pig Bulletin, 1897, "299.

R. B grande (Stapf) ; mee up to 23 lin. long; blades up to 5 lin. broad,

sig rough on the upper side; panicle larger, denser; spikelets 8-11 lin.

; glumes and valves phoheitineslly larger.

5 ie REGION: Pte of Good Hope,” R. Brown! Cape Div. ; Cape Flats

n Hoogte, Ecklon § Zeyher, 1807! 18078! Cape Peninsula; Klein

Slangkop, Wolley Dod, 3004! upper northern slope of Lions Head, Wolley Dod,

3571! Var. grande : ie iv. ; in eae rocky = - the side 0

ntain, above Camps Bay, MacOwan, Herb. Aust.-Afr. 1 ape Peninsula ;

plentiful above the road beyond Bed Point, Dod, 3128 ! Met “look Wolley Dod,

! Smit itwinkel, rare, Wolley Dod, 300:

v7)

A. dregeanum iets 5 stems slightly bulbous at the base, 1 ft.

log, glabrous, l-noded h below the middle; leaves about 4 from

near the base, 1 thoathing the culm for the greatest part; sheaths

rather tight, glabrous ; ligule truncate, 3-3 lin. long; blades linear

With callous tips, the lower 12-21 in. by 1 lin. or less, flat or

convolute, rather rigid, “subglancous, hairy above, glabrous beneath ;

—s e me) noddi , 2-82 in. Jong, igs o0se, secund ;

474 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Avenastrum.

awn from the middle, column 3-5 lin. long, bristle 6-8 lin. long;

pales linear-lanceolate, 4 lin. long; keels ciliate; anthers 11-14 lin.

long; ovary hairy above the middle. Trisetum barbatum, Nees,

Fl. Afr. Austr. 345, not Steud. T. dregeanum, Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum. i. 227; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 838.

Western Reeton: Little Namaqualand; Roode Berg and Ezels Kop,

3000-4000 ft., Drége, 2625!

3. A. quinquesetum (Stapf) ; culms 11~3 ft. long, glabrous, about

2-noded, sheathed to 2—3 in. below the panicle ; leaves 4—6 near the

glabrous ; panicle contracted, rather dense, narrow, 5-6 in. long,

strict or subflexuous; branches fascicled, very unequal, branched from

near the base, adpressed to the rhachis, the longest up to 2 in. long ;

spikelets 5-6 lin. long, very loosely 2- to sub-3-flowered ; glumes

the middle, column pallid, 4-5 lin. long, bristle 8-9 lin. long ; pales

43 lin. long, keels ciliolate ; anthers 11 lin. long; ovary pubeseent

near the hispidulous top. Avena quinqueseta, Steud. in Flora, 1829,

485; Kunth, Enum. i. 305. Trisetum Steudelii, Nees in Linnea,

vii. 308; Fl. Afr. Austr. 349; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 228; Durand §

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 840,

Coasr Reaion: Cape Div.; without locality, Harvey, 295! Table Mountain,

Ecklon, $29!

ligule truncate, up to } lin. long ; blades linear, tapering to an acute

point, up to 6- in. by 12 lin, flat or involute, subflaccid or more oF

less rigid, subglaucous, glabrous, rarely scantily hairy, scaberuious

ranched or simple, erect or a few spreading, filiform, seabrid 5

spikelets 4-5} lin. long, greenish, compactly 3~4-fluwered ; rhachilla

Avenastrum. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 475

slender, joints up to 1 lin. long, bearded near the tips; glumes

lanceolate, acuminate, the lower 22 1_3 lin., the upper 4-42 lin. long;

nie exserted, oblong- -lanceolate, the lowest 31—4 lin. long

glabrous, light green, slightly purplish below the tips ; obscurely

granulated, tips searious, 2-toothed, teeth produced into fine bristles

re lin. ‘long; callus bearded, very short; awn from the middle,

rather fine, column 23~—3 lin. long, bristle 5- 6 lin. long; pales 3 lin.

long, keels ciliate ; anthers 1_1 lin. long; ovary pubescent from

the middle, top hispidulous ; grain 1+ lin. long. Trisetum

antarcticum, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 346 (partly). 7. imberbe, Nees,

Le. 347; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 22 28; Durand &§ Schinz, Consp. FI.

Afr. v. 838, Avena turgidula, Stapf i in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 293.

SourH Arrica: without locality, Ecklon & Zeyher, 463!

Coast a — stown Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., Drége! Baur, 776!

Aliwal North Div. ; Leeuwen Spruit, between Kraai River

and the Witte Bead, 4500-5000 ft., Drége

* AHARI REGION: Transvaal; Pretoria, at Wonderboom Poort, Rehmann,

Eastern Region: Transkei; Sed eae eee below 1000 ft., .

Tembuland ; Bazeia, 2000 ft., , 864! msinga, and foot of +

Biggars ae Buchanan, te ue a a beer 172! Riet Ee

4000- t., Buchanan, 156!

5. A. Dodii (Stapf) ; perennial; culms erect, slender, about 3 ft.

high, g a smooth, 3-4-noded, sheathed all along or nearly so,

with 1-2 ereet intravaginal branches from the lowest nodes; leaves

about 3 ala near the base, and 3—4 higher up, distant ; sheaths

narrow, tight or the na rs er loose, lowest 6-9 in. long, ‘involute,

glabrous, smooth ; ligules oblong, up to 2 lin. long; blades linear,

lower tapering fron a long attenuate base to a fine point, 9-20 in.

by 2-21 lin., flat or with involute margins, rigid, more or less

glaucous, glabrous, smooth below, strongly ' striate and scabrid on the

upper surface ; panicle contructe d, oe in. long, narrow, joer

ery ort or scarcely any ; spikele ts 5-6 lin. long, narrow,

erect ; pei about 4-5 ; glumes “oni linear-lanceolate, shortly

aristulate, lower up to 4, se to big long (inclusive of the bristle) 5 :

thachil slender, joints up to 1 lin , hairs to 1+ lin. long;

valves distinctly exserted, baie "oe 3 lin. long (up to the

awn), glabrous, light green, rather firm, finel anulate, tips

scarious, bifid, lobes produced into fine long bristles ; callus short,

rather stout, hea rded ; awn from above the middle, fine, s scabrid,

pallid, column 3-2 lin. long, bristle 6-7 lin. long; pales 2} lin. long,

keels oan anthers 1 lin. long; ovary puberulous below the

subobliqu

Biiiia gies Cape Div.; wet slopes near Oatlands ae Wolley Dod, 2775!

This differs from A. longum in the long rigid blades, the more crow wded

smaller spike lets, t re ated of the wigs Gree, illa and the small callus. It is in

ts in sateen between it and 4. antarcticum. This is, however,

476 GRAMINEM (Stapf). [ Avenastrum.

a smaller plant with a much eo reg shorter pee and a maar’ or

very scantily hairy rhachilla. e African species of Avenastrum repre

series of very closely allied ria fe definition of which is it difficult ae mill

not quite satisfactory.

6. A. antarcticum see ge Sag sie cespitose with numerous

barren shoots; eulms 1j—- long, glabrous, 3-noded, bes

2-3 internodes more or ne exserted : leaves few near

base, about 3 ft. higher up, distant; sheaths terete, tight, abot

or with fine spreading hairs, smooth or scaberulous, the lov

persistent ; ligule oblong, up to 14 lin. long; blades very ane

linear, tapering to an acute point, usually involute, subsetaceous, the

lower 2-9 in. long, subrigid, rarely flaccid, glabrous or hairy,

finely nerved, smooth or scaberulous ; panicle contracted, linear,

erect, stiff or fiexuous, 5-7 in. Jong, lower branches in pairs, unequal,

the longer up to 2 in. long and to 8-spiculate, erect or suberect,

scaberulous ; spikelets 31-51 lin. long, greenish, loosely 3—4- flowered ;

glumes lanceolate, acuminate, very unequal, the lower 2-3} lin., the

upper 8-44 lin. long; rhachilla joints up to 1-1 lin. long; glabrous

or scantily and shortly hairy towards the tips ; ; te long exserted,

lanceolate, acuminate, the lower 3-4 lin., rarely 5 lin. long,

glabrous, light green, seaberulous, tips scarious, 2-toothed or bifid,

the teeth usually produc ced into very fine and short bristles ; callus

very short, minutely bearded; awn from the middle, fine, column

pallid, 2— 32 lin. long, bristle 3- “42 lin. long, horizontally spreading oF

reflexed ; pales Ii me lin, long, keels ciliolate or ciliate; anthers

41-1 hin. ‘, ong ; ovary pubescent below ah Ra eerie top. Avena

antaretica, Tian. Prodr. 22; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult, 117; Roem. §

chult. Syst. ii. 676; Kunth, Enum. i. Te A, Tsontnil, Steud.

in Hlora, 1829, aoe: ” Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. 521, t. 175; Enum.

i: rin. Gran, uppl. 2 Trisetum antarcticum, "Nees an

Linn vii. 307; Fl. Afr. Austr. 346 (parth y); Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.1.

; Durand & "Schinz, pert Fl. Afr. v. 838. Danthonia leonina,

wy ex Kunth, Enum, i. 303.

Co poe REGION My tain, Rega 928! Signal Hill near

Lion Battery, Wolley es 27 ! Table Mountaio, Pappe! near Maitland d Station,

Wolley Dod, pate house, Wolley eee! Nig 4! ee 3

Zw F100. 2000 ft ;

- ste Bie ; near the Zoetemelks se Burchell, GopAt Uitenhage Div. 5

artkops River, Ecklon. Albany we near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 1302"

Gieafillive. 1600 ft., Drége. spt ag oe near Komg gha, Flanagan, 935 «

Queenstown Div. ; Finchams Nek, aed Cdacanlg n, 4000 ft., Galpin, 2381!

hs ~ leonina seems to be a shade form with flaccid leaves and slightly larger

spikelet

— St nee oe pa, Trin. ex Steud. Nom. ed ii. i. 173 (Trisetum hirtwm, Nees,

Fl. Afr. Austr, 350), was described from specimens ‘collected by Ecklon in virgin

for hong on ONhicis Hook near the Boschesman River, and is ibly a state 0

A. antarcticum. Ihave ~ seen these pact, bat Drége’s example in the

Liibeck Herbarium was named “T. hirtum,” and answers ee ie well -

description. Another nla named T. hirtum by Nees in Linne xx. 29%

from the Zwarte Bergen, Caledon Div., is undoubtedly A. antarcticu

Avenastrum. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 477

7. A. caffrum (Stapf) ; “isc 2 ft. long, glabrous, 3-4-noded,

sheathed to the base of the panicle; leaves 4-6 near the base, 3

higher up; sheaths tight below, loose or open above, glabrous

ligule oblong, up to % lin, long; blades very narrow sarang She con-

volute, the lower 5- Ti in. long, ‘those of the barren shoot o 1 ft. lon

glabrous, strongly and closely few-nerved, margins een pani sks

sien about 6 in. long, — saditing and subflaccid ; thachis

with ne elite h tina glumes very thin, lanceolate, acuminate,

rded; awn

from above the middle, fine, pallid, column 23-2 lin. long, bristle

5 lin. long ; pales 3 lin, long, keels minutely ciliolate ; anthers up to

= in. long ; ovary top hispidul ous. Trisetum longifolium, Nees,

Fl. Afr. Austr. “348 (partly?). Avena caffra, Stapf in Kew

Bulletin, 1897, 293.

Var, (? ) be i viegeaE ; oe exserted, very minutely Lanna

below the 3 leaves up to2 lin. broad, flat or in nvolute, 5 pe more or les

hairy taciva ape rr ts rather ncn me than j in the typical "form

aaa REGION: Aliwal North Div.; Witte Bergen, on rocks, 7500 ft.,

rege !

sf REGIon: Var. natalensis, Natal: Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan,

8s also indicates the Stes from the dunes near Capetown and from

Talbe nf I have not seen Ecklon i sunien from these localities, but it seem

to a the probable that his Trisetum longifoliwm is a mixture of two different

Spec

The riety is wegen seer Avena Rothii, Kew. Bull. 1897, 292, from

Abyssinia, from which it differ e much smaller number of nodes, and in the

valve tips being he or very ee aristulate.

XXXIV. AVENA, Linn.

Spikelets large or very large, 7-20 lin. long, pendulous in open,

rem very lax panicles ; thachilla hairy or glabrous, disartieulating

ve the glumes and between the valves, or “only above the glumes,

or not at all in cultivated forms, usually terminated by a rudimentary

valve. Florets 3-5, the lower 1 or 2 (rarely 3) 9, the upper

reduced, smaller, or barren or quite rudimentary. Glumes 2,

Persistent, scarious, equal or subequal, acute or acuminate, rounded

on the b ‘k, 7-11-n Valves distinctly | shorter or just ual-

acuminate, bifid, with or without bristles from the lobes, 5-9-nerved,

ralph! ee -awned ; awn dorsal from the middle or slightly above it,

d and twisted below or (in the upper valves) imperfect; callus

A78 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Avena.

short, villous (or imperfect and glabrous in cultivated forms).

Pales shorter than the valves, 2- keeled, 2-toothed or bifid. Lodicules

2, rather large, hyaline, entire. Stamens Ovary densely villous

from the base ; ; styles a ann short or 0; ; stigmas laterally

exserted, plumose. Grain oblong, eee grooved in front, hairy,

pallid, somewhat soft or is least easy to cut, tightly embraced by

the hardened valve and the pale; a fine, linear, long ; embryo

all.

Annual; blades linear, flat, flaccid; ligules hyaline or scarious ; panicle

ele: very lax, often secund, with large pendulous spikelets.

Species about 7, indigenous in the Mediterranean region, some of them widely

spread as weeds, 1 known only in numerous cultivated forms.

Valves hairy at the base only or quite pr 3 rhachilla

wholly tough or tardily scape r above the glumes (1) sativa.

Valves hairy to or beyond the middle; chachilla freely

ne above the giants often also between the

valve

Spikelets eee lin. nes ; rhachilla tough and glabrous i.

valve .. (2) sterilis.

Spiel as i 1 Yin lng haehitla villous and disarticu-

lat a between the v

es shortl ita

.. (8) fatua.

Valve lobes produced at the tips into long bristles .. (4) barbata.

. A. sativa (Linn. Spec. Pl. 79); a simple ; leaf-sheaths

ita ligules shortly ovate, 14-2} lin. long; blades ae

i e

9-12 lin. long or longer, usually with a 1-awned floret at the base and

1 or 2 awnless florets above, or with all the florets etieke. thachilla

tough or tardily disarticulating at the base, glabrous or almost 80

glumes broad-laneeolate, 7—11-nerved ; valves lanceolate, acuminate

shortly bifid or 2—4- toothed, glabrous, rarely with a few scattered

hairs, the lowest 7-10 lin. long ; awn from the middle or slightly

tightly enclosed any its valve and 28 te hon all over. Host,

Kor Wern. Handb. Getreidebaues, i. 192; 8 aera Grasses GT.

Brit. ‘t 110; ‘Teesan & Schinz, Consp. Fl, Afr. v.

VaR. B or ‘ientalis (Trin. pears Suppl. 2 3); panicle Sone secund; se eg

glabrous ; valves glabrous, or the lowest with stiff hairs at the base, awnless ©

the lowest vias Korn. ” We ern, Handb. deireibasen. 3 i, 212. A. oriental's,

Schreb Spictl. Fl. Lips a Pin Gram. Austr, iii ; = h, Enum. ’

Suppl. 259 ; Nees in Lin 306; Fl. Afr. Aus 352; Steud. Syn.

= pies a 230 ; Sorieiby, ‘Gaus Gr. Brit, ti 112; baad # Schinz, Consp-

l 43.

Coast er ceinl Gs cs hay ; foot of Table Mountain, in fields and gardens,

Ecklon. Tulbagh D bagh Wate Zcklon. Var. orientalis: Cape

Div., with the Soical ya m pera to Nee.

Avena. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 479

Widely cultivated in the temperate regions of both hemispheres. Probably of

Mediterranean origin.

The occurrence of the variety in the Cape Colony is doubtful. Nees’s note at

the end of the paragraph on A. orientalis is rather in contradiction to the

description given in the same place, and points to a confusion with some form of

the typical A. sativa.

2. A. sterilis (Linn. Spec. Pl. ed.ii. 118) ; culms usually fascicled

with few or no barren shoots; sheaths glabrous, rarely the lower hairy ;

ligules obtuse, 1-2 lin. long; blades linear to lanceolate-linear, up to

1 ft. by 3-9 lin., glabrous, rarely scantily hairy, seabrid; panicle lax ;

branches spreading equally all round or secund ; spikelets 15-20 lin.

long, with 2-awned florets at the base and 1-2 (rarely 3) smaller

white or whitish hairs up to the middle, 7-nerved, only the 2 lowest

awned ; awn from the middle, scabrid to almost villous below,

Suppl. 24, and in Mém, Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, iv. 26; Reich.

Fl Schinz, Consp. Fl.

Sour Argica: without precise locality, Thunberg !

A weed of Mediterranean origin,

: . fatua (Linn. Spec. Pl. 80); culms solitary or few in a tuft,

with few or no barren shoots; leaf-sheaths glabrous or the lower

more or less hairy; ligules short, very obtuse, up to 1} lin. long;

~9-nerved ; valves lanceolate, acute, shortly 2—4-toothed, the lowest

63-9 lin. long, usually brown below and green towards the tips,

ane &xception of the very short callus, 7-nerved, all awned except the

Tudimentary uppermost ; awn from the middle, scabrid, eolumn very

]

silky all over. Schreb. Beschreib. Gras. 109, t. 15; Host, Gram.

Austr. ii. t. 58; Engl. Bot. t. 2221; Fl. Dan.t. 1629 ; Kunth, Enum.

'- 3025 Trin. Gram. Suppl. 24; Nees in Linnea, vii, 306; Fl. A

480 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Avena.

Austr. 352 ; aes Icon, Fl. Germ. i. t. 103, fig. er Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 230 ; Sowerby, nie Gr. Brit. 126, 109 ; Schweinf.

in. Bull. Herb, es. li, App. tig 31; Durand 5 Schinz, Consp.

Fl. Afr. v. 842.

t Region: Cape Div.; Table Mountain and Lion Mountain, Ecklon

50, 52, 925! by the railway near Rondebosch, Wolley Dod, 1903!

A widely-spread weed of Mediterranean origin.

4. A. barbata (Brot. Fl. Lusit. i. 108); stems erect, usually

2-3 from a dense tuft of barren shoots, glabrous; leaf-sheaths

villous to gabrescent See broad-ovate, up to 2 lin. long ; blades

linear, up to 9 in. by , but usually shorter and much ‘narrower,

villous to glabreseent, ants: panicle or racemes up to % ft. long,

finely filiform, flexuous; spikelets 9-14 lin. long, 2-3-flowered,

2-3-awned, 7-9-ne rved ; rhachilla freely disarticulating below and

ety the valves , joints between the valves villous; glumes lanceolate,

acuminate; valves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, bifi obes pro-

duced into fine bristles, the lowest 6- 9 lin. long (excluding the bristles),

pallid to brown below the long whitish scarious tips, densely covere

with fine stiff whitish or yellowish hairs to the middle, scaberulous,

7-nerved, all awned except the uppermost ; awn from the middle,

scabrid, column dark; anthers 1-11 lin. long; ovary villous all

over ; grain tightly embraced, free, slender, oblong, 3-4 lin. long,

silky. Coss. et Dur. Expl. Algér. ii. 112; Durand Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 840. A. hirsuta, Roth, Catal. Bot. iii. 19 ; Kunth,

Enum. i.302; Trin. Gram. Suppl. 25 ; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 352 ;

Webb, Phyt. Canar. iii. 400, ¢. 247 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i . 230;

Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. iii. 99, t. 29, fig. 1.

Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; by the railway near Rondebosch, Wolley Dod, _

Worcester Div.; Hex River, Drage. Mossel Bay Div ; Gaurit z River, Dreg

Throughout the Mediterranean region, introduced scehine.

XXXV. PENTASCHISTIS, Stapf.

Spikelets from slightly over 1 lin. to 6 lin. long, very rarely longe?,

laterally compressed, ener panicled; rhachilla disarticulating

above the glumes and between the valves, continued as a us ly

us,

hairs seriate between the nerves, or glabrous excepting the always

shortly hairy small callus, finely or obscurely 5~9-nerved, 2-lobed,

awned from the sinus ; lobes with a fine bristle from the inner angle,

to which they are usually more or less adnate or pass gs “—

very small, rarely 3—4-fid with all the divisions bristle-lik

2-keeled, 2- toothed, sane or less equalling the valves (exclusive 0 of

the lobes). Lodicules 2, small, cuneate, nerved, usually g labrous.

sie ical

TRS Pe a on

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 481

Stamens 3. Ovary oblong, glabrous ; styles distinct, very slender ;

stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain o oblong, semiterete to

aGuberte, shallowly grooved in front; hilum obscure, linear-oblong

4-} the length of the grain; embryo about 2 the length of the grain.

Perennial, rarely annual; leaves very variable; panicle usually distinctly

tric hotom ous with swollen and often Lt axils open or sacsariesie: sometimes

spike-like ; spikelets more or less gliste

Species over 40, mainly in South, a few in tropical Africa, 1 i

Peon hes lie , y wi pical Africa, 1 in Madagascar,

Recognized by Nees as a sub-genus (Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Vratisl. 1835); n

rior parated from Danthonia by endemic distribution, habit and reduction of florets

Section 1. Panicle eae spikelets 3-8 lin. long; blades mostly filiform-

Pir long ; peren

cy ein 4-8 lin. long ; basal sheaths not breaking up

res:

Panicle paces when ererts basal sheaths

broad, silky tomentos

Schoey 8 lin. . ong Sa i ws Ea oi

Spikelets 5-6 lin. long (2) viseidula

oe ‘blog ) sult basal sheaths not silky

“Blades "father broad, flat or loosely involute

or fo lds ed; ligular fringe straight :

Panicle 46 in. lon lets brownish-

diniasensiioan dl: keel of glumes glabrous

and smooth; side-bristles of valves

stiff, 2-24 lin. long (3) pallescens.

Panicle 2-5 in. long; spikelets ‘silver ry, :

much ¢' Spiasiiedss keel of glumes ciliate

ow, scaber Tous a! ove 5 og bristles

Ut.

lves very slende mi: oe lin. tt ... (4) argentea.

nicles Sic, a 4-10 in. long,

usually dense. blades 1 to more

than 2 ft. long

Sheaths broad ligular fringe

ite

mooth ;

(5) nutans,

erikate tet lin. long ;

glumes berulous on

the aA ‘bl sey more or

(6) tortuosa,

less

Sheaths narrow ; Kg te "almost

wiry, sae nelled ; ligular

fringe st

Sh athe aly woolly or

upper part,

nee often subflabellate (7) eriostoma.

y hairy

len soe gs glabrescent,

YOU, vn. glabrous, not flabellate (8) j ¥

482 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis,

pet ae —o 2-3 in. long,

ery scanty; blades Ta fe

ac penton convolute (9) colorata.

cea ais very .. (10) curvifolia.

**Spikelets 3-43 li

7 Spikelets 33 ‘a is long; basal sheaths at length

"breaking wp into persisten nt fibres ; culms slender,

ery few-noded ; panic Some aialyy orgy, he: An

delicataly brinched not flac

to 1 lin. broad when eee oe

r fili y ie convolute, pubescent abov

ligule awns distinctly seseeieil race i.

glum

oe setaceo ous, subter ete, "folded, quite

ace s; awns scarcely exserted from the

umes

Spikelets 3-4 lin, lon ng; basal sheaths not break-

ing up into persistent fibres; culms 4- to many

noded ; pan ec effuse or r flaccid :

Panicle 6 i y 6i n knee

and twisted hee sere ant Aey 2-2 2 jin.

Panicle 2-4 in., , flac cid; awn not kneed nor

twisted, — flexuows, side-bristles 5-6} lin.

long

. (11) fibrosa.

. (12) Tysonii.

. (13) natalensis.

. (14) eapensis.

Section 2. Panicle eglandular; 3~2 in. long, very scanty ; 7 aon 34-8 lin.

long ; blades 3-1} in. long, often spreading, and more or less subul

Annual ; gar 3 7-8 lin, nee blades soft ... ... (15) triseta.

Perennial 3 spikelets a lin. long ; ilates rigid :

tog long-bearded ; blades very firm,

conspic a _distichoas, spreading, glabrous,

. (16) acinosa.

Asie of penile elon blades erect or suberect,

ner, hirsu .. (17) elegans.

Sect Panicle or leaves or both more or less gland-tubercled, oF if

vgusia, — the spikelets less than 3 lin. long.

gee very slender, acute, about 5 in. long; blad

f -convolute, up to o 1 ft. long, — rough tes

pease minute t ubereles .. (18) Lima.

Panicle obtuse in the contracted state, or if more or

neien — then much smaller and the blades

Citi: erect, rather stout, 1-2 ft. long; blades

4-3 ft. by 2-23 lin., rigid, often flat; panicles

3-6 in. nai spikelets 3-34 lin. long ; peren-

nia

Panicle contracted, rather dense in the upper

part; divisions ‘unequal and rapidly de-

creasing upwards ; axis and lower branches 3

be gence glan er (19) Zeyheri.

Panicle open, very lax, rather ‘symmetrically

icbtomone, all divisions (except the ulti-

oa ng t

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINEX (Stapf).

Axis and branches. of Sauer scabrid,

without boeisonnen Pe nds bia es

oth... 5

t ann to)

and broad sony No. 36, P. ousipes) + Se

3 in. oe

7 al more or less flat or subulate-

ae ding from an often many-

noded toa ——- leafy base; spike-

lets 3-4 ais

Blades rather hot eres rigid,

straight, length,

ri or featily vigor slightly

str)

Calis es or densely and

distichously leafy at the hate

sheaths sun “tinge or

conspicuous ; bla -3 in.

long ‘. ves

Culms 5-6- or more-noded ; lower

ae capes _ more distant ;

aths

or less dull

portih, ‘very conspicuously

ong yee eee

Blades thinner, less rigid, very

ria

er a fringed with nume rous

cles :

+ Blades” Shfeveecensdlute or setaceous,

or flat; spikelets scarcely 23 lin. long:

Blades firm, filiform or seta 3

> for’ se >

on d _ tufted with nume

us short oma inno ee Ta

apikite elets 25 me lin. long :

mrt es 1 - each side of

spikelets mO og ce

bide terns gia

n. Jon,

ates 24-3 lin. leagit

bh valves alike:

‘whist rem

lous, 1-14 in.

g, recurved

Seba: —

483

. (20) hirsuta.

(21) rupestris,

.. (22) subulifolia.

beard ligular fringe very

consensus blades 2-5 in,

... (23) leucopoger..

. (24) aspera.

_ (%) Burchellii.

. (26) tomentella.

asta

A84 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

Blades glabrous,

glabro . (27) angustifolia.

Lower ke. * with s

- rot sae ages

e base

lightly exeaing the

glu pper with a

ie exaeted kaeed

ted awn and

te side-brisths (28) heterocheta.

ate: brates at ach s

29) heptamera.

Blades soft or cag cid, or ene a

sigs a = usu ally vary fine

rt (see 36,

P. longipes) ; hesdaay ey lin.

“Panicle very lax, open (at least

temporarily ) (see also No. 35,

P, Thundergis), #-3 in. long :

the lob

ually passing into

bristles blades not over

2 in. long, hairy .. (30) Jugorum.

Culms ilk ft. le: ;

de:

finely “liform or

setaceo

Both Vaden awned,

lobes truncate ;

ades 2-34 i

.. (31) filiformis.

rs on ‘

the back ... (32) imperfecta.

Culms 3-4 in. long.

mes

thin, forming loose

tufts of weak tangled

Pentaschistis. ] GRAMINEZ (Stapf), 485

prostrate or ascen ri

ing Seaties A wee

1 in. long, fi ® (33) densifolia,

uals

awn . cool and fine,

mipact ., (34) brachyathera.

Valves usually hai iry 3 ; lobes

istinct from the bristles

Panicle ;

lowest pte de ree

in. long, ultimate

divisi and pedi-

rds the

ends of — go a Thunbergii,

ultimate in. lone

and pedicels very Aga?

bikes long and fine ... (36) longipes.

Spikelets 2-24 lin. long; anthers 1 lin.

pubescent all ove from

without or wit

tubercles a the margins ;

panicle v ts lax, more or less

divaricate . (37) patula,

Leaves with se seriate, ‘often stalked,

conspicuous glands on the shea

nerves and the blade far

jer ae panicle more or less

. (38) euadenia.

Spikelets ea lin. n- Tong 5 anthers Mt

. (39) airoides.

internodes enclosed or the upper exserted ; sheaths lax, wisi

ciliate or villous along the margin, otherwise glabrous except the

west which are densely tomentose at the base and more or

Persistent ; ligule a dense fringe of short hairs ; blades linear,

= the axis, “aman dg and voll cels, laxly tri richo otomous from gu in.

above the base, 1 lowest. 21-41 in. long ; pedicels. very unequal, 1-4)

486 GRAMINER (Stapf): [ Pentaschistis,

lin, long; spikelets brownish-yellow, purplish at the back below,

1-71 lin. long, erect on sometimes nodding branchlets; glumes

long and setaceously acuminate, subhyaline, scaberulous or puberu-

lous; body of valves about 3 lin. long, shortly pubescent to villous,

7-9-nerved ; lobes short or produced, ‘acute and almost 1 lin. long ;

i ha with a fine bristle 4-5 lin. long from the inner angle ;

—13 i long; kneed at a little below the middle ; callus

eats to 8 lin. long; pales equalling the valves, glabrous except

.- the cliolate tips; anthers 2 lin. long. iene aristidoides,

Thunb. 22 ; Fl. Cap. 433; ed. Schult. 116. Danthonia

nical as Fl. Afr. Austr. 318; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

i, 242; Dura nd & Sohne, Consp. Fi. Afr. y. 855. D. aristidoides,

Lehm. ex Nees, l.c.

Coast Raion: _— berg Div.; moist places on Ps 1500-2000 ft.,

a Cape Div.; eg ge ntain, 500 ft., Ecklon, Bolus & MacOwan,

erb. Norm. Aust. Afr. 793! Cape Flats near Ronde iad, Bolus, 4892!

alent Ecklon, sinoes “Bay y, Wright! oo Town, Wolley Dod, 542!

Swellendam Div. ; Hottentots Holland, Ecklon

2. P. viscidula (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted; culms erect, slender,

1-1} ft. long, glabrous, smooth, about 3-noded, sheathed all along or

upper and intermediate internodes exserted ; lower sheaths rather

erowded, lowest scarious, softly villous or tomentose, particularly at

base and along the margins, pubescent upwards, that above it

herbaceous, lax, cere glabrescent or glabrous except at the villous

margins, uppermost tight and narrow or tum id, sometimes quite

glabrous, all vilteialy bearded; ligule a dense fringe of hairs ;

sea fili i canaliculate or involute, tapering to an acute point,

3-5 in. long, firm, flexuous, finely pubescent, Sart on the

u eo surface, or glabr on back, ; panicle erect,

obovate, contracted, 23-5 in. g; bra

tiliform axis and the subeapillary beer bearded at the axils,

laxly trichotomous from 1—1 in. above the base, lowest 2-34 in. long,

ultimate divisions and pediee ls ta the latter seabernlous towards

oc apa ea smooth or very finely scaberulous ; bod

23-2 lin. long, finely pubescent near the base, otherwise

glabrous, often: again T-nerved; lobes very distinct, narrow, acute,

ciliolate, almost. or quite from the lateral oe these very fine,

3-5 lin. long; awn ie lin. long, kneed below the middle ; callus

rather slender ; pales 2} lin. long, ey, Pte anthers

11 lin. long. Danthonia viscidula, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 3033

Steud. Bes Pl. Glum,i. 240; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Aft

v. 855

Soutn AFRICA: without blag sail Zeyher! ‘

Coast Region: Feige illiam Div.; Cederbe Ezelsban

3000-4000 ft., Drag bigs mesa RE

aie. eee perennial, densely tufted ; culms erect,

stout, 2-2}. ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 4-6-noded, sheathed nearly

0 SESE es ee ee ke ee

Pentaschistis. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 487

all along; leaves hairy all over; sheaths lax, strongly striate, lowest

. .

rowded, abou

villous, those above much longer, often slipping from the eulm

dense transverse fringe of hairs; blades linear, long tapering to a

filiform point, up to more than 11 ft. long, 1-3 lin. broad, loosely

involute or partly flat, flexuous, coarsely striate, somewhat hairy or

glabrous below, smooth or scabrid towards the tips, upper side often

glaucous; panicle oblong or ovate, open and lax or contracted,

job]

lec]

fo)

[o)

ie]

ic]

sag

(2)

lene)

joo)

subacute, minutely villous; pales

Danthonia pallescens, Schrad. in Schult. Mant. ii. 386; Trin. Gram.

Ie. t. 64; Gram. Gen. 72, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, i. 72,

and iv. 35; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 316 (excl. syn. Thunb.) ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 242. Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 853

(excl, syn. Thunb.). Pentameris pallescens, Nees in Linnea, vii.

312; Kunth, Enum. i. 316.

const Reeion: Clanwilliam Div.; Olifants River, Ecklon § Zeyher, 180!

pe Div.; Table ountain, Ecklon, Bergius! Spielhaus! MacGillivray!

1955! 8491! rocks on Constantia Berg, Wolley Dod, 1962! Worcester Div.; in

marshy ground in Dutoits Kloof, 3500-4000 ft., Drége !

4 P,

slender, 1-2 ft, high, glabrous or sometimes silky close to the nodes,

of ‘hairs ; blades linear, very long tapering to a setaceous point,

6-9 in. by 1-2 lin, fla ef pening “

; omy or glabrescent, strongly nerved and sca

race, margins scabrid ; panicle oblong, erect, or nodding, usually

488 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

dense, 23-5 in. long, silvery ; branches 2-nate, smooth like the filiform

axis and the subcapillary branchlets and ’ pediee els conspicuously

bearded at the amis, repeatedly trichotomous from 3-7 Jin. above

the base, lowest 1-22 in. long, ultimate divisions and pedicels short;

spikelets silvery, very shining, sometimes tinged with purple below,

crowded, 5-6 lin. long; glumes long and delicately acuminate,

hyaline, smooth or finely ro He keels usually shortly ciliate

below, scaberulous above ; body of valves 21 lin. long, adpressedly or

loosely hairy to or beyond the middle, distinctly 7-nerved ; lobes

narrow, acute, very distinct, ciliolate, almost free hae the yi

slender side-bristles, these 4-5 lin. long and much exserted ;

7-9 lin. long, kneed below the middle, slightly twisted ; callus sce

slender ; ales ig lin. long, subentire or finely ”9-mucronate ; 3

anthers 11 lin. lon

SoutH ces without pacieien locality, MacGillivray, 406 !

Coast Reaion: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Spielhaus / slopes of Orange

Kloof, Wolley Dod, 9342 | pastures above Simons Ba ay, frequent, Milne, 247!

This is very probably Danthonia involuta (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 240;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 851).

5. P. nutans (Stapf) ; ‘estan tufted ; culms erect, stout, 3 ft.

long, ene smooth, abou noded, sheathed nearly all along;

sheaths lax lax, firm, strongly hike, ace 4-5 in. long, rather broad,

point, up to more than 2 ft. ae less than 1 lin. when expanded,

rigid, flexuous, glabrous, smooth; panicle oblong, contracted of

rather lax, nodding, up to 8 in. long ; ; rhachis rather stout below,

filiform above ; branches 2-nate, like the branchlets and pedicels

flexuous, filiform, smooth and glabrous, unequal, oly, and unequally

divided from 3-1 in. above the base, longest up to 4 in. long;

icels unequal, not under 2 lin. long; spiketets brownish straw-

ite Tenant e adnate to it; awn 7-9 lin. lo ong, kneed 4 way Up,

twisted, dark below ; éa thas short, obtuse, minutely villous ; pales

equalling the body of the Meh 2-mucronulate ; lodieules ciliate ;

anthers 13 lin. long. Danthonia nutans, on Fl. Afr. Austr. 314 ;

pigiewal Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 241; Durand 5 Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

Coast ReGion: Caledon Div. ; 5 ese Genadendal, by the Zonder Einde River,

in the sandy river-bed, 500 ft., Dré

6. P. tortuosa (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted ; culms faseicled, with

intravaginal shoots, erect, rather stout, 2-3 ft. ‘long, glabrous, smooth,

Riots

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 489

about 4-noded, sheathed nearly all along ; — lax, See strongly

i vded, 4-5 in. long,

and inely convolute- Gtaxta; up to m more than t. walt Tid,

longitudinal white ee panicle oblong roa erect, 6-8 in. long,

contracted; branches 2-nate, filiform, "Hike e thaahils and the

finely filiform branchlets and pedicels seabrid or mer vetrine glabrous,

divided from 6-8 lin. above ie base or almost from the —

unequal ; pedicels not é tinder 1 ee tones? spikelets brownish straw-

coloured, greenish towards the base or tinged with violet, rar lin.

long; glumes lanceolate in profile, long and finely acuminate, scarious

_ &xcept on the narrow subherbaceous central part, rather thin, seaberu-

lous in the upper part, l-, or ne very closely 3-, nerved ; keels

seaberulous; valves oblon , bod lin. long loose y pubeseent

all along , white, faintly 7- to sub- ra nerved ; lobes narrow, oblong,

sibatiinn, tegnbie up to % lin. long, sduate i part to a fine

bristle, 22 Ji . long from the inner angle; awn about 7 lin. long,

kneed at 2 ae up, twisted and dark below; callus short, obtuse,

minutely villous ; ; pales equal to the body of the valve, 2-mueronulate ;

lodicules glabrous ; anthers 1 lin. long. Danthonia tortuosa, Trin.

Gram. Tet t 68+ Gram: Gen. 72, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér.

81. 72 (not Gram. Suppl. 34, nor in Mém, Acad. Pétersb.sér. 6,

lv. 35); Nees, F, tL. Afr. ‘Austr. ae bisn Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 241;

~ Dura nd § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

SoUTH AFRICA: without preeiye vai Sieber, 119!

aa Cape Div be a Kloof beyond Millers Point, rare,

846! 2 tg of Rhod es 8. “fence,” Digan Dod, 3117! 3120!

= _‘Talbag Das 5 ancl Berg, 800-5

Very closely allied to P. nutans, but differing in nt ner blades which are

very scabrid in the upper part, the longer hairs of the ligule, stiffer panicles,

eaictine Kaw ie es ee glumes. Trinius describes the s * ikelets i as 3 a

eriostoma (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted ; culms

, often from a woo y base, erect, firm, 2 ft. long, glabrous,

» Very densely leafy and often closely covered below with the

remains of the sheaths, 2~-3-noded above, sheathed all along or nearly

0; Sheaths tight, firm, lower crowded, sometimes subfla te,

480 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis,

side, margins scabrid; panicle narrow, oblong, 4-6 in. long ; axis

slender. scaberulous or smoot elow ; branches mostly 2-nate,

unequal, suberect, filiform, usually branched from the base or neat

it, glabrous; branchlets and pedicels very unequal, subeapillary,

minutely seaberulous or almost smooth; spikelets straw-coloured to

whitish, 4-52 lin. long; glumes lanceolate, long and finely acuminate,

subhyaline, ‘clabrous, smooth, l-nerved; valves linear-oblong in

profile, body 14—2 lin. long, long hay to villous, 7-9-nerved ; lobes

lanceolate, acute, 3 3-3 lin. = 1g; thin, smooth or almost so, with a fine

aie 2-3 lin. long from the inner nae adnate to it except at the

tips; awn 53-61 lin. long, kneed below the middle, twisted ; callus

set Ghoaly hairy ; pales equalling the valves, 2-toothed, glabrous,

mooth ; lodicules glabrous ; anthers 11-11 lin. long. Danthonia

eristome Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 504; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 241;

soa dlaeaie sat Fi. pieces Austr. v. 849.

Div

yp and Cape St. Blaize, » Burchell, 6268 ! Little Brak River, 6185! Albany

Div.; Bothas Berg, Ecklo

a. F. peers (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted; culms vue

firm, 2~3 ft. , glabrous, smooth, sheathed all along or 1 of the

intermediate Snow exserted ; sheaths tight, firm, Rails some.

times very minutely hairy between the strie, at length glabrescent

or quite glabrous, Raabe close, long, coriaceous, persistent ; ligule

a fringe of hairs; blades very narrow from the base, filiform,

canaliculate or sonvelate: terete, 1 to more than 2 ft. long, very rigid,

erect, straight or subflexuous, adpressedly hairy, at length glabrescent

or glabrous below, villous to ‘subvillous on the upper surface, smooth ;

panicle linear to linear- oblong, contracted, dense, 4-10 in. long, erect,

stiff; axis slender, stiff, scaberulous or smooth below ; branches

seabrid, lateral BY Sara short ; — oh sa cooure 3}-5 we

inner angle, 23-3 lin. long, free or more or less adnate to it; awh]

5-8 lin. long, kneed at 4 way up, twisted below ; callus ihark, minutely

hairy ; pales equalling the body of the valve, entire or subentire,

scantily pubescent, ciliolate above; anthers 1-14 lin. ong + eee

12 a long. Das thonia curvifolia, B livida, “Nees in Linnea,

Xx, 254.

oast Recion: Swellendam Div. ; Buffeljaghts River, 1000-2000 ft., Zeyher,

ses ! Riversdale Div. ; hills near Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6750! 6761 !

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINER iene 491

with intrava aginal innovation S vote, tiratiedied? febedss like

branches erect, slender, wiry below, 1-1: ft. long, glabrous, issn

few-noded, uppermost node usually near the middle, exserted ;

sheaths very tight, firm, glabrous, rarely the lower hairy, usually

beardless, smooth, often purple, striate, lower wnat ~3 in, long,

e ow; panicle oblong, rather lax, joer 2-3 in. al stiff or

glabrous, subtrichotomous, or alternately and sparingly divided from

~6 lin. above the base, often reduced to 3-1 spikelets, the longest

1-2 in, long ; pedicels very unequal, down to 1 lin. long; spikelets

coloured back, 1-nerve , or lower closely 3-nerved at the peers

natrow, rigid, acute, scabrid, up to. Lb Jim long, fous | or more we

less adnate to a ‘suf bristle from the inner angle, 24 lin. long

6-8 lin. long ; kneed at a little below the middle, twisted ne sai

below ; callus acute, minutely bearded; pales equalling the body of

the valves, seantily puberulous ; ludieuies glabrous or subciliate ;

anthers 12 lin, long. Avena colorata, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 481.

Danthonia tortuosa, Trin. Gram. Suppl. 34, and in Mém. ‘Acad.

Pétersh, sér, 6, iv. 35 (excl. Syn. Pentameris Thouarsii), not i. 72.

m tortuosa, var. tenuior, Nees Drege in Linnea, xx. 254

vin 8, polytricha (Stapf): culms ft. high, very slender, ea sheathed

-allalong ; lowest an ek pen ie or pesmi i the others purplish, with

ong white fine spreading hairs at least in the upper and a

bearded at the mouth ; blades glabrous or with hairs as i the upper sheaths

Se, in. long ; pee meagre, stiff; spikelets 6-6} lin

Coast REGion : Cape Div.; Table gh Ecklon, 931! oe abe art in

Kew Herb, ! MacOwan, Hest, Austr, ca 697 ! dar slope of f Sl lang Kop,

Wolley Dod, 3001! near Camps Bay, Wily 5, 3864! without precise locality,

exonder ! Paarl Div. Gre raken M

, ft., Drége! Swellendam Div.; Puspus Valley, Bitte 4544 !

pe Div.; near Genadendal, 1500-2500 ft., Drége, 1681! Var. 6: Cape

'V., Dear Paulsberg and Batseta rocks, Wolley Dod, 2952!

en Specimens from Cape Biber have, on the whole, longer spikelets than

10. P.¢ ocho Stapf erennial, compactl itose ; culms

oe y cespl

erect, firm, 1-2 ft. oo Aes th, glabro s, 3~4-noded, internodes

exerted leaves crowded at the “pase, pire glabrous, smooth ;

tight, very firm, lower short, imbricate, persistent, slightly

Nita i in the upper part ; ligule a fringe of very short hairs ; blades

492 GRAMINES® (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis,

narrow, linear, tapering to an acute or subacute point, up to more

than me ft. by 1 lin. when expanded, rarely broader, nearly always

setaceously involute, very firm, strongly flexuous or curled ; panicle

spike-like, oblong or ovate, usually very dense, 1-3 in. by 3-1 in.;

all divisions very short, scabrid ; ; spikelets straw- coloured or brownish,

1-7 lin. long, imbrieate; glumes lanceolate in profile, long,

setaceously ere — l-nerved, scaberulous; valves “oblong

in profile, body 13 to almost 2 lin ong loosely hairy all over to

villous; lobes 4 lin. ioe acute, more or less adnate to a bristle

(8-4 lin. long) ‘from the inner angle; awn 6-8 lin. long, kneed and

twisted below the middle ; ; pales equalling the valves, keels scabrid,

back hairy; lodicules glabrous; anthers 1+ lin. long. anthonia

curvifolia, sgh in Schult. Mant. ii 386 ; Trin. Gram. Gen 0,

and in, Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, i. 70; Gram. Suppl. 33, and m

Mém. Acad. Sard sér. 6, iv. 34 4 (in part) 5 oe 3, Fl. Afr. Austr.

321 (excl. “iy Thunb.) ; Steud. Syn. . i. 242; Durand §

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 848. D. vida o Gram. Ic. t. 50,

on in Mim. Acad. Péstersh, sér. 6, i denudata, Nees,

Fl, Afr. Austr. 320; Steud. ne Durand . Schinz, c. 849. Avena

glomerata, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 483. Pentameris curvifolia, Nees

in Linnea, vii. 313 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 317; Suppl. 272.

Sourm Arnica: without locality, MacGillivray, 405! 406! Harvey, 274!

280!

Coa ‘oast Recion: Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Zeyher, 1824! stony slopes of Table

Mountain, 1500 ft., MacOwan, Herb. Austr. Afr. 1695! 1696! Bertin ee

frequent at the summit of Table Mountain, Milne, 249! between the Lion

ead and Signal Hill, Wolley Dod, 3 3149! Wyn berg, Wilms, 3868 ! wo er ‘beyond

Alphen Bridge, Wolley Dod, 3490! Seer Nek, Wolley Dod, 3487! 8 Silvermine

swamp, common, Wolley Dod, 3389! Simons Bay, Wright ! Green Point, Pig ee

Paarl Div.; near French-Hoek or Geonk eakanian. Dréye / Agter e.P ee

on. Riv x

Vet River an hoabttk Mali Burchell, 7171! Uitenhage Div.; mountains

near the Van Staadens Rive r, Ecklon ; near Zwartkops River, Zeyher | Albany

Div.; near a aig MacOwan » 155! 1286!

oblong, narrow, contracted, lax, about 4 in. long, erect; branches

mostly 2-nate, unequal like the filiform axis, the subcapillary

branchlets and the capillary pedicels glabrous, smooth, pallid, lo west:

ee ae See ees

Pentaschistis. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 493

to 12 in, long, trichotomous from 4-6 lin. above the base,

divisions unequal, pedicels not under 2 lin. long; spikelets pallid,

straw-coloured, shining, 4—43 lin. long ; glumes lanceolate in profile,

long an nely acuminate, hyaline, whitish, glabrous, smooth,

1-keeled; valves lanceolate-oblong, in profile, body 11—14 lin. long,

shortly and rigidly pubescent to beyond the middle, seaberulous

above, 7-nerved ; lobes lanceolate, very acute, 1-12 lin. long, partly

adnate to or almost free from a fine bristle (14 lin. long) from the

inner angle; awn about 5 lin. long, distinctly exserted from the

glumes, kneed at + way up, distinetly twisted below ; pales exceeding

the body of the valve, 21 lin. long, 2-mucronulate, seaberulous

above ; lodicules glabrous; anthers almost 12 lin. long.

Coast ReGion: Albany Div.; on steep mountain slopes near Grahamstown,

2000 ft., MacOwan, 1299!

short hairs ; blades setaceous, plicate and subterete, up to 8 in. by

? lin. when unfolded, not striate,

panicle ovate, lax, scanty, more or less open, 2 in. long; branches

up to 12 in. long, sparingly divided from 3-4 lin. above the base,

profile, y 14 lin. long, somewhat pubescent with long hairs in

hearly all parts, 7-nerved, hairs fine, twisted, glittering ; lobes lanceo-

late, acute, up to 1 lin. long, wholly adnate or almost so to the short

lateral bristle ; awn scarcely exserted from the glumes, up to 3 lin.

long, kneed below the middle, scantily twisted below; pales

exceeding the body of the valve, 2-mucronulate, scantily pubescent

or at least the keels ciliate ; lodicules glabrous ; anthers 14 lin. long;

grain 13 lin, long

Eastern REGron : Griqualand East; rocks on the summit of Mount Currie,

7500 ft., Tyson, 1812 !

13. P. natalensis (Stapf); perennial; culms densely tufted or

‘rect from short stolons, rather slender, 2 ft. high, glabrous, smooth,

4-5.noded, sheathed all along ; sheaths tight, striate, softly hairy

or the upper glabrous ; mouth shortly bearded; ligule a fringe. af

hairs; blades very long, filiform-eonvolute, lower up to more than

ft. long by 11 lin. wide at the base, glabrous or seantily hairy

towards the base, smooth, margins scaberulous; panicle open, very

aX, up to 6 in. by 6 in., somewhat flaccid; branches 2-nate, smooth

like the filiform axis and the subeapillary or capillary branchlets and

494 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

pedicels, glabrous, except the sparingly hairy cr lng very

axly and spre angiad di- and tri-chotomous from n, above

the base, lowest over 3 in. long, ultimate rea vil pales

rather short; jaiseal cpedioale about 11 lin. long; spikelets very

pallid, 3-32 lin, ong ; glumes lanceolate in profile, finely acuminate,

hyaline, glabrous, 1-nerved, keel minutely tubercled ; valves linear-

oblong, body 12 lin. long, finely and loosely hairy ‘all over, finely

7-nerved ; lobes short, acute, adnate to or more or less free from the

fine bristle 2- 22 lin, lo ong at the inner side ; awn about 6 lin. long,

kneed and twisted just below the middle; callus short, acute,

minutely villous ; pales equalling the valves, 2. pean tips clicks

anthers 1 lin long ; grain slightly over 1 lin. lon

EasteERN REGION: Natal; Riet Vlei, 5000-6000 ft., pareres 283!

14. P. capensis (Stapf); perennial ; laxly tufted ; culms slender,

geniculate, ascending from a tuft of leaves and branches springing

from the slender decumbent and rooting base or an equally s slender

rhizome, 3-1} ft. long, glabrous, smooth, nodes rather many,

sheathed nearly all along or upper internodes shortly exserted ;

leaves glabrous; sheaths rather thin, glabrous, striate, finally more or

less loose, often purplish ; re a ciliolate rim ; peor very narrow,

linear, very long Sg Sip o a fine or setaceous point, up to more

than 6 in. by 1-12 lin., usually involute and filiform, at least in the

upper part, eg smooth below, densely scaberulous or Lerman

on the upper face; panicle Jax, flaccid, ovate or oblong, 2-4 in. long

branches 3-—2-nate, flexuous like the filiform axis and capillary

branchlets and pedice ls, glabrous and smooth, or scantily hairy a!

the callous axils, trichotomously divided from near the base, longest

Bila ng, ultimate divisions 1-spiculate and 5-7 lin, long, oF

Afr. Austr. 271. Danthonia radicans, shies Syn. Pl. Gilum.

i, 243; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fi. Afr. v.

ast ReGion: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, epi thas 2 Cape Peninsula,

Orange Kloof, Wolley Dod, 2122! Worcester Div ; Dutoits Kloof, on rocks im

river-beds, 3000-4000 ft., Drége! Caledon Die. (?); Vogel Gat, 2000 ft.»

Schlechter, 9520! Riv ersds ile "Divi g Lange ergen, near Kampsche Berg,

Burchell, 6969 !

en er nncnnnnnr nnn eee

a aa

a 8

Pentaschistis. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 495

15. P. triseta yi ne eget ie scantily fascieled, erect or

suberect, slender, glabro s, smooth, few-noded, upper

2 internodes oceu pyi Ke or more of the culm, exserted ; sheaths

rather lax, nage feat ciliate along the margins, lower short,

villous in the upper t; ligule a fringe of short hairs; blades

linear, acute, 1-11 i 1_] lin. (upper very short), more or less

spreading, flat, soft (at least the lower), shortly villous, eglandular ;

panicle flaecid, lax, meagre, sometimes reduced to 2 or 3. spikelets,

about 2 in. long ; lowest branches 3—2-nate, spreading or nodding,

2-1-spiculate, finely filiform, 4-9 lin. long; spikelets more or less

erect at the incurved tips of the pedicels, 7-8 lin. long ; glumes equal,

very narrow, lanceolate-linear i e, setaceously acuminate,

- Ss

™~

—

S “3

~] <<

iw)

By)

: : ae 8

Afr. Austr, 315; gone Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 241; Durand & Se hing,

Consp. Fl. Afr. Austr. 848.

SourH AFRIca: without precise sag Thunberg !

Coast Region: Paarl Div.; Klein Drakenstein Mountains, Drége! Clan-

william Diy. ; in sandy places near the! Olifants River and near Brack Fontein,

Ecklon & Zeyher, i293!

16. P. acinosa (Stapf) ; perennial, aa stems undivided at

the base, covered with the persistent lea r their remnants, then

branching and forming fascicles of filiform fistering culms, 4—8 in.

long, and slender barren shoots, the former closely and distichously

leafy at the erie with 2 long internodes above it, smooth, glabrous,

the latter 1-3 in. long, very closely distichously leafy; sheaths

tight, hubsieohi: bearded at the mouth, lower very short, firm,

persistent : ligule a fringe of minute hairs ; — linear, —-

i O lin

or canalieulate, margins scaberulous, iharv ine: smooth ; panicle

small, lax, contracted, very me often reduced to ey few

pinsiets, up to 1} in. long : branches 2-nate, capillary, 2- “Lapin:

bristle, 13-21 me ae ois the inner angle or more or less adnate

496 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis,

to it; awn 5-6 lin. long, kneed below the middle and _ twisted;

pales ‘equal to the valves, scaberulous along the keels and towards

the tips ; lodicules ciliate ; anthers 1} lin. “long; grain 1 lin. long.

Danthonia sp, Drége, Linnea, xx. 954.

Var. f, truneatula (Stapf); barren shoots very short; blades very rigid,

set sceously — subobtuse ; spikelets 43~5 lin. long ; glumes less a

closely 3-nerv nthonia crispa, B truncatula, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 310.

Coast ReGion: Caledon Div. ; or near sg cH tes the Z aspen Kinde

River, ali 4539! Riversdale Div.; on the Kam Berg, —

7068! Var. 8: Caledon Div. ; Tails an Kloof, near ree 1000-2000

17. P. elegans (Stapf); perennial, tufted; culms fascicled with

short innovation shoots; erect from a loosely branched base, covered

with old leaves, slender, S_] ft. long, glabrous, smooth, very closely

leafy below, 2 -noded above the base, upper 2—3 internodes exserted ;

leaves crowded at the base, those of the last year persistent on the

basal branches ; sheaths tight, lowest closely imbricate, short, striate

in the upper part, glabrous: or very sparingly bristly, particularly

at the mouth, upper 2-22 in. long, very slender, finely striate;

erie emooth, pelsetttens ; Tg a fringe of — hairs ; j eo

flaceid, sctauitocen secund, 1- 12 . long ; branches 2-nate, seantily

acaborntoda like the finely shee eae axis and ng capillary branchlets,

obscurely pubescent at the axils, more or less unequal, loosely

4—1-spiculate, lowest 1-1 in. long; pedicels 2-5 lin, long ; spikelets

brownish, 31-41 lin. long ; glum long and finely marge ee

subhyaline, seaberulous in the inp? tae ‘glabrous ; body © of alves

short, ciliolate, passing into short t bristles, scarcely more ean 4 3 lin,

1 t, 7-8 lin. long, kneed at the middle; pales

equal to the valve: ahttately 2- toothed or entire ; anthers slightly

over 1 lin. long. Danthonia elegans, Nees, Fl. "Afr. Austr. 296;

regen Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 240; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

Coast Reaion: mega: ie Klein Riversberg Mountains, Ecklon & Zeyher

120 in St. Petersburg Her’

18. P. Lima ale perennial ; culms sini slender, over 1 ft.

long, glabrous, rough below the panicle and juet below the nodes,

otherwise — few-noded, sheathed almost all along; sheaths

below, weber above; ligule a fringe of hairs; blades or

above the ligule ; panicle narrow, oblong, somewhat lax, erect, about

5 in. long; branches 2- (rarely 3-) nate, like the filiform axis and

Pentaschistis,] GRAMINE& (Stapf). 497

the subeapillary branchlets and pedicels scabrid and dotted with

glandular tubercles, not hairy except at the pubescent axils, distantly

trichotomous from 5-10 lin. above the base, longest about 2 in, lo

divisions unequal; pediecls down to 1 lin. long; spikelets light

straw-coloured, shining, 31-4} lin. long; glumes lanceolate in

profile, mucronate-acuminate, hyaline, scaberulous, 1-nerved ; keel

scabrid; valves linear-oblong in profile, body 1% lin. long, scantily

hairy near the base or almost glabrous, 9-nerved; nerves scaberulous

in the upper part; lobes short, ovate, passing into fine bristles,

1-1} lin. long; awn 4-5 lin. long, kneed at and twisted below the

middle, slender; callus small, obtuse, shortly hairy; lodieules

glabrous; anthers 13-13 lin. long. Danthonia Lima, Nees, Fl. Afr.

é Reaion: Little Namaqualand; on the Kamies Bergen between

Lily Foutein and Pedros Kloof, 3500-4000 ft., Drége /

19. P. Zeyheri (Stapf); perennial; culms rather stout, about

2 ft. high, glabrous, more or less beset with small tubercular glands

below the panicle, otherwise smooth, many-noded ; lower internodes

very short, upper 2 up to more than + ft, long; sheaths tight, lowest

close, firm, glabrous below, shortly and spreadingly hairy to villous

upwards, or almost glabrous throughout, persistent, intermediate and

upper glabrous, the latter at least with few to many rows of

linear, long tapering to a fine point, 1—% ft. by 2 lin. e

involute, very firm, rather rigid, glabrous, smooth below, scantily

tubercular glands below; panicle erect, oblong, contracted, abou

3 in. long, rather dense ; branches 2-nate, like the filiform axis

t unequal, rapidly decreasing upwards; pedicels }—2 lin. long,

pales subentire, as long as the valves. Danthonia scabra, eS

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 287 (exel. syn.). D. viscidula, Drege m

Linnea, xx. 254, not Nees.

Coast ReGion; Uitenhage Div.; near the Zwartkops River, Zeyher !

20. P. hirsuta (Stapf); perennial; culms ereet, slender, over

1; ft. long, glabrous, smooth ; about 3-4-noded, upper 2 internodes

tee long, exserted; sheaths tight, lower short, oe

OL, VII. K

498 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

hirsute with tubercule-based spreading hairs, villous at the very

base, upper glabrous, scantily tubercled or almost smooth, margins

ciliate, mouth cons picuously bearded ; “gee a fringe of hairs;

blades ce acute, 3-4 in. by almost 2 lin., gid, flat or involute,

distinctly striate, lower densely beset with pacing based _ hairs,

upper like those of the shoots more or less glabrous, seaberulous on

both sides or smooth on the back tp margins minutely tubercled ;

panicle very lax, open, 4 in. by 4 in.; branches 2-nate, scabrid

peels : ee linear-oblong, body almost ce lin. lon

5-nerved, long and loosely hairy, hairs seriate ; lobes minute, ac ent

with a fine bristle, 12 lin. long from the inner side; callus acute,

‘eiutacls villous ; awn ‘kneed: below the middle and twisted, 3—4 lin.

long ; pales as long as the valves, 2-toothed; grain slightly over

2 am long. Danthonia scabra, var. hirsuta, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

Coast Rector: Clanwilliam Div.; near Zwartbast — between Berg

Valley and Lange Valley, below 1000 ft., in sandy places, Drég

21. P. rupestris (Stapf) ; perennial ; culms erect, rather stout,

almost 8 ft. long, glabrous, more or less verrucose from small tubercles

below the panicle, otherwise smooth, many-noded, scantily branched

below ; lower phe cor very short, intermediate 2-3 in. long, shortly

exserted, uppermost much longer, long exserted; sheaths rather

tight, bce basal short, at ‘least the inner tomentose at the

very base, otherwise glabrous, the cauline glabrous at the base,

shortly hirsute with tubercle-based hairs abew and bearded neat

the mouth, upper quite glabrous with 1-3 rows of tubercular glands:

ligule a fringe of hairs; blades linear, long tapering to an acute

point, 3—} sft. by 2 lin , flat or loosely involute, firm, rather rigid,

branches 2-nate, like th orm axis and the very fine bran chlet

densely dotted with small —_ mid least below, scabrid above,

rded at _ lower axils, very 1 and divaricately tricho-

us f 3-2 in. above the i. lowest up to 4 in. long,

divas abee “equal, very slender and (exeept the ultimate)

rm ; pedicels very snag rarely 1 lin. lon ng ; p pers in clusters

3-5 at the ti wnish, 3 lin.

ensely

villous below, loosely and long hairy at the middle, sett. y Fenervel

lobes short, scaberulous, denticulate, with a bristle 13 lin. lons

So LA ee Rion el ieee ey ee

ee GRAMINES (Stapf), 499

rupestris, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. ote Ste. Sy yn. ‘Pl. Glum, i. 240 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. FL Afr.

Coast Reeion: Clanwilliam Divy.; Ceder Berg Range, on the Blaauwe

Berg, 4000 ft. , "Droge, 1682b !

Nees describes the branches of the panicle as very rough, but egg Be —

the ete of the glumes as Seams r. I find them as described above. Ano

specimen in — ’s ee m (2580) consisting o ragments, base and nidale

part of a cu a a panicle, — exactly with P. rupestris in the panicle

d b

margins are also tubercled. Drége’s 2580 is named ‘‘Danthonia glandulosa B” in

the herbarium at Berlin, and the locality given there is * Modder Fonteins Berg.”

. P. subulifolia reins! ; pein se senepi fascicled ; culms

ascending, slender, 3-1 ft. glabrous, smooth, very many-noded

and de ensely ata i to 1 or 5 way up, — 2 or 3

ligule a fringe of very short hairs ; blades linear-subulate, pungent

or almost so, 1-3 in. long, agp lin. broad at the base, almost

coriaceous, very rigid with the tubereled or smooth margins involute,

Closely and finely striate, those of the upper leaves very short ;

panicle broad, ovate to subglobose, contracted, dense, erect, 1-2 in.

long and broad ; branches 2-nate, like the filiform axis and the

woa Way a above the base, lower 3—1 in. long, ultimate aiviideath and

pedicels rather short ; spikelets crowded, 3-4 li lin. long, straw-

coloured, tinged with brown, and purple seme ; glu 1 or

almost so, lanceolate in profile, finely acuminate, subhyaline, 1-nerved,

glabrous ; keel scabrid or tubercled; valves tincedalie oblong in

profile, body 13 to almost 2 lin. long, ‘finely and shortly hairy with

the heirs adpresse d and seriate, finely 7 [Relea ; lobes minute,

obtuse, denticulate- -ciliate, with a fine bristle 24 lin. long from the

inner side; awn kneed — the middle and twisted, 53-62 lin.

long; callus distinct, acute, minutely villous; pales as long as the

valves, entire or minutely 2- fegslicn: Hinceinm 1 lin. lon ng.

Coast Recron: Cape Div.; near Capetown, Harvey, 300! northern slopes

of Table Mountain, MacOwan, Herb. Austr. Afr. 1698! Simons Bay, Wright /

of Pauls tet Wolley Dod, 2954! South slope of Slang Kop,

Ecklon’s a am the top of Table Mountain er beget: also sSrseagh to

this species, although the leaves of the _specimen in the Kew Herbarium are

Setaceous ; this may, however, be due to ‘egommeiry condit: ition whole panic

bearing on only 6 spikelets. Steudel pedi ee it as Avena peters ery in Flora, 1829,

Kk 2

500 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

ii. 484, whilst Nees quotes ‘ Ecklon No. 936 ”? under Danthonia scabra (FI. -

Austr. 287), notwithstanding that it has not “folia scaberrima, as Nees set 5

Whether Ecklon’s specimens from Worcester, Clanwilliam and Uitenhage,

enumerated by Nees under Danthonia scabra, belong to P. subulifolia rd

to P. hirsuta (Danthonia scabra B hirsuta, Nees) or toa third species I canno

say.

_P. leneopogon (Stapf); perennial, loosely tufted; culms

fascicled, geniculate, ascending from the centre of the tuft, slender,

1-11 ft. long, smooth, glabrous, 5- or more-noded; internodes

enclosed (except the uppermost) or shortly exserted, upper

occupying * or more of the culm ; sheaths loose, with ciliate or villous

rather smooth, dark purplish, lower short, persistent or subpersistent,

upper much longer, usually tumid, the upper somewhat glabrous ;

ligule a dense conspicuons fringe of hairs ; blades linear, tapering to

an obtuse somewhat callous point, 2-5 in. long, 1-1} lin. broad at

the base, flat or with the margins involute, rigid, rather thick,

tracted, dense, 13-3 in. long; branches 2-nate, strict, erect 0

subobliquely erect, filif

of the branchlets, greenish white below, brownish in the upper ae

somewhat shining, 3-32 lin. long; glumes lanceolate in profile,

setaceously acuminate, subhyaline, scaberulous or smooth, glabrous :

minutely puberulous, 1-nerved; keel scabrid, sometimes minute y

tubereled ; valves oblong in profile, body 12 lin. long, loosely hairy

all over, very thin, white, faintly sub-7-nerved ; lobes distinct, short,

broad, with a fine bristle about 2 lin. long from the inner angle ; aw?

6-7 lin. long, kneed at + or 4 way up, twisted; callus mbes

minutely villous ; pales as long as the valves, finely puberulous ®

the 2-toothed tip; anthers 12 lin. long.

Coast Rraron: Cape Div.; sandy places between Groot and Klein Slang

Kloof, Wolley Dod, 3228!

‘There is little doubt that this is Danthonia angulata, Nees, Fl. Afr.

str. 313.

Sournu AFRICA: without precise locality, Zeyher /

24. P. aspera (Stapf); perennial ; culms fascicled, rather slender

ascending from a long decumbent and branched slender base, 3-12 d

long, glabrous, smooth, very many-noded, densely leafy to or beyon

(except the upper ones), margins ciliate, mouth conspicnous 3

bearded ; ligule a fringe of hairs; blades linear, tapering ap

from the base toa fine callous point, 1-6 in. by 1-2 lin., very 51

-Pentaschistis. | -GRAMINEE (Stapf). O01

rigid or at length flexuous or curled, flat, prominently striate on both

sides, sometimes scaberulous on the upper side, margins tubercled ;

paniele ovoid to oblong, contracted, dense, erect, 12-3 in. lon

branches 2-4-nate, smooth like the filiform axis and the capillary

branchlets and pedicels, or the latter scabrid, glabrous or scantily } hairy

at the callous axils, rarely tubercled, trichotomously vided from

the base or the lower from above it ; ultimate divisions anit pedicels

rather short; spikelets crowded, 3— 3h lin. long, light greenish or

slightly tinged with purple, scarcely shining : glumes equal or almost

so, lanceolate in profile, acuminate, subhyaline, l-nerved, glabrous;

keel smooth or sparingly and minutely tubercled ; valves much

shorter than the glumes, linear-oblong in profile, body 13-12 lin,

long, finely hairy, with the hairs seriate, finely 7-nerved ; ‘lobe

minute, truncate, denticulate, with a fine bristle, 13-2 lin. long,

from the inner side; awn kneed near the middle, twisted below;

callus short, villous ; pales as long as the valves, obscurely 2-toothed ;

anthers 12 lin, lon ng. Holcus asper, Thunb. Prodr. 20; Fl. Cap. ed.

Schult. 21; Sorghum asperum, oem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 839

eng. :

Steud. in Flora, 1839, ii. 481, not of Spreng. Andropogon (2) asper,

Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 166. Pentameris papillosa, Nees in Linnea,

vii, 31] sao syn. Schrad.). Danthonia papillosa, Trin. Spec.

Gram, Ic. t. 66; Gram. Suppl. 33, and in Mém. Aca rite

sér. 6, iv. 34 (not sér. 6, i. 71); Nees, Fl. Afr, Austr. 299 ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 239; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 853.

st Region: Cape Div; ; Table Mountain, —— g! Ecklon, 935! Harvey !

Burchell, 535! ot re nae Bolus ! = Monntain, "Berg ius! west

Pee of Lions Head, d, 3570! cig over Millers Point, Wolley oh oe

—e E. eee (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted ; culms erect,

very slender, 5-6 in. long, glabrous, smooth, 2—3-node d, upper 1-2

internodes by far the longest, exserted ; leaves mostly basal, glabrous

except at the ciliate sheath-margins ; sheaths very tight, lower very

short, firm, broad, imbricate, persistent, striate ; ligule a dense fringe

of short hairs ; blades setaceous, fine, subacute, 1-4 in. long, tightly

involute from the base, rigid, curved, smooth, purplish ; panicle

small, contracted or open and lax, 1-1} in. long, erect ; branches

like the subcapillary axis, the capillary branchlets and pedicels

)

colored, nti ti with brown and violet, a4 lin. long, glistening;

glumes lanceolate in profile, long and finely acuminate, glabrous,

Subhyaline, 1-nerved ; keel minutely tubercled ; valves pen rane

dy over 12 lin. long, finely and shortly hairy all over, hairs seriate,

rather rigid ; lobes short, subaente, with a fine bristle, 2-2} lin. Jong,

tom the inner side, iidnate to it; awn 5-6 lin. lon . Kkneed at and

twisted below the middle ; callus stint ‘minutely ‘bearded ; pales

502 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Pentuschistis.

as long as the valves, minutely 2-toothed, tips ciliolate ; anthers

1 lin. long

Coast Reacion: Mossel Bay Div.; between the landing-place at Mossel Bay

and Cape Saint Blaize, Burchell, 6270!

26. P. tomentella (Stapf) ; perennial, densely czespitose ; culms

erect, very slender, up to 1 ft. long, glabrous,-smooth, 2—3-noded ;

all over, glaucous; sheaths tight, lower very short, whitish, thin,

remotely striate; ligule a fringe of hairs; blades linear, subacute,

1-11 in. by % lin., usually setaceously involute, rigid, recurved;

panicle erect, ovate, contracted, 1-11 in. long; branches 2-nate,

like the very fine rhachis and the capillary branchlets and pedicels

scaberulous or very minutely tubercled, glabrous except at the

pubescent swollen axils, 3—1 in. long, closely and sparingly tricho-

tomous from 3-1 lin. above the base; ultimate divisions and pedicels

short ; spikelets whitish below, straw-coloured above, 22 lin. long;

glistening ; glumes broad-lanceolate in profile, subacuminate, hyaline,

minutely pubescent, l-nerved;. keel minutely tubercled ; valves

oblong in profile, body 1 lin. long or slightly longer, glabrous excey't

at the base and along the lower margins, faintly 7_9-nerved,

nerves raised in the upper part ; lobes almost wholly reduced to @

fine bristle not exceeding the glumes; awn 2% lin. long, kneed and

twisted below the middle; callus very short, sparingly bearded ;

pales as long as the valves, 2-toothed; anthers slightly over ] lin.

long.

Western Region : Little Namaqualand ; Modder Fonteins Berg, Drége!

_ Distributed by Drége as ‘‘ Pentaschistis glandulosa, B speciosa,” but not taken

l Austr i Fl,

up in Nees, Fl. Afr, . ‘* Danthonia glandulosa, B speciosa,” Nees,

Afr, Austr. 289, is Pentaschisti denta, Stapf, an annual.

27. P. angustifolia (Stapf); perennial, Censely tufted; culms

erect or subascending, simple or branched and fascicled below with

numerous crowded innovation-shoots, $11 ft. long, glabrous, smooth,

4- to many-noded, closely sheathed below, upper 2-3 internodes more

or less exserted and very much longer than the rest ; sheaths tight 0"

the uppermost tumid, bearded or beardless at the mouth, otherw1s®

glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, striate, lower firm, persistent 5

ligule a fringe of hairs; blades usually filiform, tapering to 4 fine

point, 2-8 in. by 3-1 lin. when expanded, firm, tightly puctat

erulous

axils, trichotomous from 1-1 way above the base, lowest 1-2 in.

crowded towards the ends of the branches, 23-3 lin. lon

green or tinged with violet and brown; glumes acuminate, sub-

hyaline, glabrous, smooth, keel scaberulous; body of valves 1j-1s

Bai

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 503

lin. long, finely and more or less adpressedly hairy near the base,

rarely higher up, finely 7--9-nerved ; lobes distinet, usually acute or

produced into an acumen or a minute bristle, free or more or less

adnate to the lateral bristles, these 11~2 lin. bin equalling the

spikelets or slightly exserted ; pales as “long as valves, minutely —

2-toothe “3 3 anthers 1 lin. long. Danthonia pireniiies Nees, Fi.

Afr. Aust 302 ; ray Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 240; Durand & Schinz,

Consp. FI. ree

te R. 8, micrathera ante intermediate and upper sheaths usually dotted

with seriate gla nds; blades very scabrid at least u wards ; panicle 3-4 in. lon

all the divisions somewhat longer and looser than in the type; lobes of valve

obtuse, almost wholly adnate to the bristles, these 1- ie" lin. longs ay 4-5 lin.

long. Danthonia angustifolia, var. micrathera, js Sealey 1. Afr. Austr. 302.

Var. 7, cirrhulosa (Stapf); sheaths and sometimes also aM blades more or

less ar spikelets 2 - Pept lobes of valves very short. Danthonia

ctrrhulosa, Nees, Fl. a r, 309; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. ea; Durand &

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

5, albese oe leaves quite Lanois sheaths (except the

lowest) dotted a pee patelliform glands upper part; blades ve

rigid ; a singd very pallid and dense; spi vike let 32 vig po ost 24 lin. long; valves

more or less suddenly contracted ab the le nie of oe insertion of the awn,

lobed ; side-bristles very fine, 2-3 lin. long, long exserted.

“

Soura ArFrica: without See — Boivin! MacOwan, 1304!

N: Uitenhage Div.; by t o Zwartkeps River, Zeyher, 4531!

-, Herb.

Port Elizabeth Div.; Port lizabeth, SS é : 99! 119! Alexandria Liv ;

Zour Berg Range (Zuur Veld), Gill! near Addo, Drége. Bathurst Div.; 1 oct

Alfred, Hutton! near Theopolis between Riet Fontein and the sou of the

iver, Burchell, 4150! Al iv.; near Grahamsto 000 ft

MacOwan, 1296! Glass, 769! Var. B ueenstown Div.; M untain,

wege! Var. Swell iv.; Puspus Valley, Ecklon §

Zeyher, 201 St. Petersb b.! Riversdale Div. ; near ks

My l, 5! 6762! between the — Vals River and Zoeie.nelks

iver, Burchell, 6562! Mossel ; ud Zout River,

: Mossel B

Burchell, 6328! Var. 5: Cape Div.; near U 7s North, Wolley Dod, 2u64!

obertson or Caledon Div. ; Bosjes Wild ot or near Caledon, Thom! (intermediate

between a 7 _ rl 5, glabrous Ps

CENTR Var. raaff Reinet; on the eastern side of Cave

Ree 4

Moniate: i near Graaff Reinet, ao ft., Bolus, 700!

28. P. heterocheta (Stapf); perennial, tufted with numerous

crowded innovation shoots; culms erect, slender, $ ft. high, glabrous,

smooth, about 2-noded, uppermost 1-2 internodes very long,

minutely acute, 1—2 in. “long, pm longer, rather rigid, curved or

subflexuous, glabrous below, pubescent on the upper side, smooth or

branches 2-nate, like the filiform axis and the capillary branchlets

and pedicels dark purplish, smooth or the scaberulous with

scattered tubercles, glabrous except at the scantily hairy swollen

504 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

axils, scantily ee divided from 2-5 lin. above the base,

ong ; ultimate divisions and pedicels contracted,

rather short ; opikelets 21-3 lin. long, straw-coloured, shining;

glumes lanceolate in profile, finely acuminate, subhyaline, glabrous,

smooth except on the seaberulous keel; valves linear-oblong in

profile, body 1} to almost 1} lin. long, sparingly and minutely hairy

below and along the lower margins, ey 7-nerved, linear with

middle, twisted below y and with 2 lateral bristles about 2-2} lin.

long and eid any side-lobes ; pales as long as the visio: —

2-toothed or entire; anthers over 1 lin. long; grain n. long:

Danthonia bivdatada (b), Nees in Si ff Meyer, Zwer Pininsepethe

Docum. 178, not in Fl. Afr. Aus

ENTRAL REGION: Calvinia Div. ; gen Bakke Veld, between Grasberg

River and Waterval River, 2500-3000 ft

uppermost by far the longest, exserted ; sheaths tight, lower closely

imbricate, firm, persistent, sometimes purple, all glabrous except the

ciliolate upper margins ; ligule a fringe of very short hairs ; blades

very narrow, setaceously involute, subobtuse, 1-13 in. long, rigid,

glabrous, smooth, glaucous ; panicle contracted, dense, oblong, about

2 in. long; branches 2-nate, like the filiform axis and the very fine

branchlets and pedicels glabrous, smooth, swollen at the base, tricho-

tomously divided nearly or quite from the base, longest up to 1 in.

long ; pedicels 3-2 lin. long; spikelets about 33 lin. long, pallid,

shini sed glumes Pe atnaaced acuminate, subbyaline, I-nerved i

10 lin. his very fine, kneed at 1 way above the base and twisted

below ; callus obscure, nate hairy ; pales as long as the valves,

glabrous ; sien ini 1 lin. long or slightly longer; grain linear-oblong,

terete or subterete, Z lin. long. Danthonia heptamera, Nees, Fl. Afr.

Austr. 309; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 241; Durand & Schinz, Consp.

Afr. v. 850,

Coast ReGion: Uitenhage Div. ; hen downs near the mouth of vo

Zwartkops River, Ecklon § Zeyher eset a: exandria Div.; primeval forests ©

Olif: ath oerey Ecklon i Zeyher, 126, in St. css Herb.!

30. P. Jugorum (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted ; goat tr

: ™m

Say pe

Pentasehistis.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 505

glabrescent, sparingly dotted with seriate Se a a

igule a fringe of very short hairs; blades linear, very n , acute

1- ee in. by + lin., usually involute, lower eeier like The yirtorres

upper glabrous, margins lined with small glands; panicle erect,

ovoid, open, very lax or contracted, 1-11 in. long; branches like

ap finely filiform axis = the capillary branchlets dotted with

axi .

ati asia divarieate, lowest up to 10 lin. long; branchlets and

pedicels rather long, the latter scaberulous; spikelets 13-2 lin. long,

straw-coloured; glumes acutely acuminate, subhvaline, glabrous,

smooth ; aie, oblong, body 1 lin, long, loosely hairy all over, very

Chpeeaty 7-nerved ; lobes more or less. gradually ——: nae fine

bristles, 7-1 lin. long ; awn 32 lin. long, kneed below iddle ;

pales scantily hairy, as long as the valves; grain : es ong.

rei aa glandulosa, var. minor, an Fl. Afr. Austr, 289

(partly).

PO sea Re@ion: Aliwal North Div.; on the Witte Bergen, 7000-8000 ft.,

rege !

31. P. filiformis (Stapf) ; perennial, densely tufted ; — erect,

filiform, about 3-1 ft. long, smooth, 2-noded

uppermost internode occupying more than } of the oe exserted ;

leaves glabrous excepting a long seanty beard at the mouth of the

sheaths ; sheaths tight or lower at length loosened, rather thin,

finely striate, lower “short, pallid ; ligule a fringe of minute hairs ;

very minute tubercular glands ; panicle ovate to oblong, lax, open or

con ntracted, 1-22 in. long, erect; branches 2-nate, like the finely

filiform axis and the wine branchlets and pedicels dotted with

very minute tubercles or almost smooth, glabrous except at the

panalaly bearded swollen —_ remotely player divided

rom 2 2-8 lin. above the abaya lower { ~2 in. long; ultimate divisions

minutely 2- toothed; anthers 1 lin. Ben, piers filiformis, Nees,

Fl. Afr. Austr. 293 ; eee Syn. Pi. Glum. i. 240; Durand &

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 850.

Western Reaion: Little Namaaalnd oo Bergen, at Ezels Fontein,

between Rood Berg and Ezels Kop, , Drége, 2584! near Modder

Fonteins Berg, 4000-5000 ft., Drege, eri ! eae

506 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

32. P. imperfecta (Stapf); perennial, tufted; culms ascending

from a sometimes decumbent and branched base, or suberect, very

very narrow, tapering to a setaceous point, often very fine, pps:

lax or contracted and oblong, 2-3 in. long; branches 2-yeminate,

like the finely filiform axis and the capillary branchlets and pedicels

scaberulous, distinctly bearded at the axils, lowest up to 12 in. long,

loosely and repeatedly dichotomous from 2-6 lin. above the base,

1-14 lin, long.

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Tokay Mountain, Wolley Dod, 407! eastern

slopes of Constantia Berg, 2000 ft., Schlechter, 449!

> * ong ;

axis and the branchlets very finely tiliform, dark purple, ignite

coloured, about 2 lin. long, scarcely shining ; glumes lanceolate 12

7 ous

laxly hairy, obscurely 5—7-nerved ; lobes distinct, acute, with a fine

bristle, + lin. long, from the inner side; awn 3 lin. long, kneed below

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINE% (Stapf). 507

the middle and twisted; pale as long as the valve, 2-fid; anthers

scarcely + lin. long; grain + lin. long. Liduthowin densifolia, a,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 291; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 239; Durand

& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 849 (in part).

Var. 8, intricata (Stapf) ; Seinen ae tufts wit numerous weak, Pa cect

prostrate or ascending, densely leafy branches; flowering culms 4-2 long,

born genic culate ; sheaths very thin, pai, vaio: pole soft, | ioe the

lower often twisting or curling ; panicle lax, divaricate, glands very minute,

Denthonse densifolie B, N fae Fl. Afr. peers 291.

Sour TH AFRICA: ene itn ne cna? in Liibeck Herb.!

Coast ReGion: ad 3 oe arl Div. ocks near the woterfall of

Simons Berg, 2000 ‘ft, Dian? Wecwnhes Div. : poi ra above Worcester,

een a 2586 !

AL ReGion: Worcester Div.; Constable, 3000-3500 ft., Dréze.

Although the habit of var. 8 is very different from that of the type, I hav

little doubt that it is only a peculiar state of it, due to the conditions of the

habitat. There is practically no difference in the spikelets.

34. P. vine rcp! sarge perennial; culms erect, slender

noded

> ft. long, glabro mooth, 1-node ° the middle, uppermost

teers 5 ex nsriads leaves arth e base ; sheaths tight

upper slightly, tumid, lower Hy finely villous, upper

glabrescent to glabrous, all with numerous gl on rves,

at least in the upper sparingly bearded ; ligule a line of hairs;

blades subulate-involute, tapering to a fine pungent point, up to

13-2 in. long, rigid, tues finely villous, upper glabrescent or

glabrous, at least on the back, margins and prominent nerves near

the base glandular ; panicle contracted, very rere oblong, 1-114

long; branches 2-nate, hairy at the axils, like the fili rw he axis pact

the. - subeapillary aire —_ tubercled, closely branched from

1-2 lin. above the b e, lowest up to 10 lin. long ; ; ultimate nsiinesieeg

and pedicels short, thtine scaberulous ; spikelets very crowded, stra

coloured, 2 lin. long; glumes finely acuminate, subhyaline, ginhiowes

obscurely scaberulous, “keels scabrid and minutely tubercled; body

of valves searcely 1 lin, long he small ‘callus,

-o

67)

cor

. long.

Yai Docum. 178, not of Schrader, nor of Nees in Fl. Afr. Austr.

rr ly neg Feo: Dapp between Pedros Kloof and Lily

anne ‘3000-4 , Drég

35. P. italy (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted ; culms fascicled,

very slender, geniculate, ascending, 1-11 ft. long, glabrous, amooth

* scaberulous close below the panicle, 3—5- ay y more) noded ; uppe

2 internodes usually occupying more than } o Im, exserted ;

leaves soft] hairy to villous, or glabr ns, sometimes minutel

tubercled ; sheaths tight, rather thin and withering, conspicuously

bearded at the mouth ; ligule a fringe of hairs ; blades very narrow,

linear, tapering to a ’ filiform point, 1-4 in. by }-1 lin., rarely

508 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Peutaschistis,

broader, usually filiform- —— rarely flat, flaccid or flexuous,

finely striate ; panicle erect, more or less ovate, contracted, dense, or

sometimes open and almost Gastionio, 1-3 in. long; branches 2- nate,

like the filiform axis and the eapillary branchlets and pedicels

scaberulous, glabrous except at the more or less hairy swollen axils,

l-nerved, glabrous, keels finely scabrid; valves much shorter than

the glumes, oblong in profile, body 1 lin. long, finely hairy from

almost villous to ‘subglabrous (hairs soft, seriate), faintly 5- to sub-

9-nerved ; lobes + to almost 3 lin. long, more or Jess acute, witha .

- fine bristle, a 1} lin, long, from the inner side and more or less

te to it, rarely free ; awn about 31 lin. long, fine, kneed at

ya up, twisted below ; callus short, acute, minutely hairy ;

oo as long as the body of the valves, 2-toothed ; ‘anthers 3 lin. long ;

grain slightly over + lin. lon Avena pallida, Thunb. Prodr. 22;

C : paar

onsp. Ji

‘Schult, Mant. ii. 385, not of Trin. D. ‘micrantha, Trin. Gram. en.

71, and in Mem. ‘Acad, Pétersb. ser. 6,1. 71; Kunth, Enum.

Pl. 314. D, villosa, Steud. ex Trin. Gram. ey 33, and in Mém.

Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, iv. ae Ne part); Nees, Fl . Afr. Austr. 294;

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum

Var. B, ebarbata (St m0 fone paps pagers: ‘reg 2-6 in. by 1 lin.

Danthonia Ea RG Nees ex Dre

Var. ¥, brevifolia (Stap ve in. xa ves a, beardless ; blades

3-9 lin. long 4 to almost 1 lin broad, ri Sa spreading ; ‘panicle dense, up to

Lin. long. Danthonia procumbens var. (?), Nees ex Drége in Linnzxa, xx- 254,

Be berthiias var. gre Nees, l.c

Var. 3, bulbothrix (S tape) 5 3 a bier ek pa the re pags finely

bins with hari based pa r sometimes glabrescent

pee labrous and beardless; hid oa ng i ru “ten, hairy like. ee sheaths or

he eine not tubercle- based, 0 r the “pps ginbrons, but Looe, on the upper side ;

nie dense, 14-2 in. long ; iiive very sparingly and shortly hairy near the

H AFRICA: without precise locality, Mund Maire! Harvey, 256

Zeyher n var. 8B, Thunberg ! var. 5, Herb. Caley ! Harvey, 300!

‘oast REGION : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 939! sepa aneay: 397!

Milne, 242! sandy plains near Capetown, Ecklon, 938! between Raspenberg Viey

and Watchhouse, Wolley Dod, 3494! Lions Head, towards Kamps Bay, Welley

Dod, 3132! common all over the Lions Head, Wolley Dod, 3572! common betwee?

oa ag and Newlands, Wolley Dod, 3558! W ynberg Hill, Wolley Dod,

a: Wolley Dod,

hges near Claremont, Wolley Dod, 1822! deena Bay, Wright / Paarl Div. 5

Wate

1000-2000 ft., Drage ! Tulbagh Div.; Tulbagh

Eeklon 5 “Zeyher, 119! Worcester Div. ; pate: near Wor rete, Zeyher! Var. B

Swellendam Div:; dry hills along the lowesta part of the Zonder inde Ri

500-2000 rig pdt 4536! Riversdale Div. ; tical Little Vet River

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINE& (Stapf). 509

Kampsche nishan esange : cl ign places near sae at 300 ft., Sehlechter,

1948! Var Caledon the Kenko River, between Riet Kuil and

Hemel en pm below “1000 ft, Zeyher, 45851 ‘Anclcoduts Div.; on the

Buffeljaghts River, Zeyher ! Var. 5: Cap v.; eastern side of the a

Jag

ump, p thie aie re eainedh Div. ; 3 Hottentots Holland, near Somerse

Ecklon & Zeyher, 128

There are 3 rae et — named — desea in See 8 aeapt sis :

arked a, a, 8 d 8 co n

was very probably the form figured and describe y Kun s Danthonia

Thunbergii. Var. 8 bulbothriz is nell ly D. buekeana, Nees, Pl. ” Afr . Austr.

297. To P. sd pals belong ges eve, ame Danthonte saan (Nees, Fl.

By nd & Schinz, sp. F

rantha, for a species distinct from Trinius’s D. micrantha, which he

Sapnosed at peng same time, from some examples collected by Ecklon near Con-

stantia, cgi enn ah nd ma bosses in the Or ee ee However, I

a fin n his description to separate them from P. pens

it 1p ie perhaps A “slightly achsdite size of the spikelets, ms are stated t

36. P. Seca (Stapf) ; perennial; culms erect, ers branched

near the base with the branches intravaginal and erect, about 2 ft

long, glabrous, smooth, except for some hairs Stay the cal

-‘noded, internodes gradually increasing upwards, intermediate

eave:

blades Bias long tapering to a fine Solat: 3-6 in. y 1-12 lin., flat,

soft or somewhat rigid, strongly and closely striate, finely hairy or the

lower almost hirsute 4] over, margins lined with patelliform glands

in the lower part ; panicle oblong, contracted, 5 in. long ; branches

2-nate, finely scaberulous like: the - fili He axis and capillary

branchlets and pedicels, bearded at the rae repeatedly trichotomous

from 1 in. above the base, lowest up to 4 in. long with the lowest

spikelets about 21 in. from ‘the base ; tamale divisions and pedicels

very long and very fine; — 21-22 lin. long, bownie ae

to the lateral bristles these a 1-14 lin fresutons awn 3h lin. long,

heed at 1 way from the base; pales slightly over 1 lin. long,

. lo

shortly 2-fid ; eae scarcely 1 lin. long.

Coasr Rudiows : Albany Div.; Albany Plains, Bowie !

510. GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

37. P. patula (Stapf); annual; culms fascicled, very slender,

3-8 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 2— 3-n oded, uppermost internodes by

far the longest, exserted ; sheaths tight, thin, lower short, pubescent,

striate, closely beset with tubercle-based hairs except at the base,

upper long glabrous, smooth or almost so; ligule a fringe of short

iia blades + very narrow, linear, so th g toa n acute or subacute

1-12 in. long, usually filiform- ton BN rather soft,

Lo seston like the sheaths or the ga glabrous ; panicle open,

very lax, more or less divaricate, 14— . long and broad, erect:

SS]

very loosely and ivarcataly dichotomous from 2-5 lin. above the

hase, low at 212 i . long; ultimate divisions and pedicels rather

longs spikelets src ured, 21-21 lin. long ; glumes setaceously

nate, hyaline, glabrous, ‘smooth ; body of valves 11 lin, long,

pte hairy i or be eyond 1 way, very faintly 5-nerved; lobes

distinct, acute, with a fine bristle 3-] lin. long from the inner side

and usually more or less adnate to it; awn about 4 lin. long, kneed

below 4 way up, very fine ; cane as a ai the valves, minutely

2- toothed ; anthers 1—8 lin. long lin. long. Danthonia

patula, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. O85; Stoud. ne “Pl. Glum. i. 239;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. Austr. 853.

VaR. B, glabrata eee hh epi ane Gee or the sheaths slightly hairy below

the more conspicuously bearded mou blades more rigid, less involute, some-

times minutely tubercled ra 0 margins. Danthonia patula, Nees in

Linnea, xx. 254.

acuta (Stapf); leaves as in var. 8, but rather larger with a line of

ried halcihes at kg junction of bla <0 and sheath ; lowest sheaths pubescent ;

divisions of panicle stiffer and coarser than in the re pe; spikelets light olive:

brown; glumes oa scarcely Apia at less hyaline

Soutn Arrica: Var. y: without predion a. i a 2587!

Coasr REGION : Vanrhyusdorp Div. ; sand-hills Macey below 500 ft.,

Drége! Var. 8: Stellenbosch D t Wetidatoas Holland, 1 000-3000 ft., Zeyher!

pee ciieadeis Div.; lower part of ‘the Zonder Einde River, 500-2000 ft., Zeyher,

8. P. euadenia (Stapf) ; aniual ; culms fascicled, erect, ©

a and ascending, slender, 2 Lt ft. long, glabrous, aside

2~3-noded, upper 2 internodes by a5 the longest, exserted ; sheaths

usually tumid, or the intermediate tight, pallid, glabrous or pubescent,

usually dotted with numerous seriate often stalked tubercular glands

by 1-1} , flaceid, , glabrous, margins fringed wit often

stalked tubercular glands ; as oblong to ovoid, rather lax, con-

tracted or somewhat 3-31 long; branchlets 2-3-nate,

ope in. h

very sparingly sabeheliey Tike” the filiform axis and the capillary

branchlets and pedicels, otherwise smooth, osama to the axils,

laxly trichotomous from 2-6 lin. above the s_Q jn. long;

se, lon

ultimate divisions and pedicels usually a long ; ‘ hide light

]

ii i a tS

Pentaschistis.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf), 511

greenish-straw-coloured, 2 lin. long ; glumes sri broad, finely

acuminate, glabrous, subhyaline, keels scaberulou dy of valves

1} lin, long, very sparingly hairy below, very frdvictby seaberulous

above, faintly 5—7-nerved ; y hip obscure passing into fine bristles,

3-1 lin. long; awn 3-4 lin. long, kneed below 2 way, very fine ;

pales as long as the =e toothed anthers 1 lin. long. Danthonia

glandulosa, var. spec ees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 289 (excl. syn. in

at D. Smillie, ‘Sleud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 939, not Schrad,

RN Reeton: Little pias Kamies Bergen, between Pedros

Kat vn ri Fontein, 3000-4000 tt., Drége! Modder Fonteins Berg, 4500 ft.

rége, 2581

_ Another species from der » esigies Berg, ollogted by Drége, was also

issned as “ Pentaschistis glandu B speciosa”; it is P. tomentella. What

Danthonia glandulosa (Schrad. “ “Schult Mant ‘i 5) i do not venture

to sa is a per about ft. high, whilst Nees 3

chrader’s origin pecimen i erbarium at Berlin ee a Pere

his varie specio This is probably du inter’

ant to stand under variety a. s’s variety a, however. ian certainly

a 2 species, one of which is Steudel’s ‘‘ Danthonia heteropla” (Syn

pone ih verebd heey & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. Mp es wae eesti is “hae

described a as Pentaschistis Jugorum, Stapf. the original

of Stendel’s Danthonia enesian but I suspect that it is i: Peltonen patula.

39. P. airoides (Stapf); annual; culms fascicled, erect or

i a and ascending, very slender, 2-6 in. long, glabrous,

ooth, 2—3-n oded, uppermost internodes by far By longest ; leaves

Fike glands, bearded or bear ; ligule a fringe of short baie

blades linear, tapering to an a point, 4-1 in in.,

aie to tubercular-pectinate ; panicle lax, open or contracted,

zl} i oe and broad ; branches 2-nate, like the very fine axis

and the capillary branchiets and pedicels smooth or scantily and

minutely tubercled, glabrous, loosely and often divarieately tricho-

tomous from 1-3 fins: "above the base, longest 1—1 in. long; ultimate

divisions and pedicels rather short ; spikelets straw-coloured, usually

tinged with purple, 11—11 lin. long; glumes acuminate to acute,

Smooth, glabrous, subhyaline; body “of valves 3-1 lin. long, shortly

hairy or glabrous, callus hairy ; lobes psi ld passing ‘into ne

bristles, 3-12 lin, long; anthers ellipsoid, 3-1 lin. long; grain

entameris atroides, Nees in Sem. Hort.

Bot. Vratist. 1834, and in Linnea, x. Litt.-Ber. 118. Danthonia

airoides, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 284; — 8, - Pi. Glum. i, 239;

wren Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. D. cyatophora, N

Fl, Afr. Austr. 286; Steud. Le. 939; “Paoni § Schinz, Le. 849.

= Dap ige Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 240 (from the description) :

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 855.

Tt Ree C. ‘ s Head, Wolley Dod, 3095!

stony Dies ; + Both Borg, 2200 me gee New 1291! Fort Beaufort Div.; Kat

512 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Pentaschistis.

Cenrrat Recton: Fraserburg Div.; between Quagga Fontein and Dwaal

River, Burchell 140 by the Dwa al Riv. tint “seagioe 1472.

: Little Samaguaand er Fontein, near Ookiep, 2000 ft.,

Drie , Vanya Div. ; F aree Ber 1000 ft., Schlechter, 8176!

According to Nees (Sem. Hort. Bot. a ratisl. l.c.), the original from which the

ipdetis 5 was described, was aliectat x n the Zwartkops River ; he does, however,

not quote this locali ity i Tr sah On the other hand, he in dicates it

ss ig various ities 4 in “ Swellendam,” from which district I have not

XXXVI. PENTAMERIS, Beauv.

beyond the upper floret. Florets . g, much shorter than the

um i i

ase. Ives

2-lobed, awned from the sinus; lobes with a fine bristle from the

inner side, usually more or less adnate to it; callus very short.

Pales 2-keeled, more or less equalling the valves, 2-fid or 2-toothed.

Lodicules 2, cuneate, nerved, glabrous or ciliate. Stamens 3. Ovary

obovoid, with a very dense deciduous tomentum, consisting of

branched hairs at the top; styles distinct, short or very short;

stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain (known only in

Thuarit) globose- pia ig truncate at the top, enclosed by the

slightly hardened valve and pale; pericarp crustaceous, granulate ;

seed free, except alon = ce hilum; hilum linear, half the length of

the grain or longer, obscure on the outside ; - embryo sm

Perennial ; culms fascicled, aoe a usually woody or suffrutescen nt base, densely

eafy below or ms ~ all along; blades sian or wiry, usually long and fiform

panicle open or acted, < daitly scan

a 5, in jh poe Colony.

The e of the ath is so rampeh in the 5 species of this genus that it is

very probable ‘that t they agree also in the peculiarities of the e ripe fruit which :

nown only in P. Thuarit. te ~The rsathen and valves are essentially like those °

Pentaschshs, and the branching of the panicle i is ie similar, although asualy

uch scanti On sta other hand, there is in Penta aed no approach to

atin racteristic structure of the ovary and the fruit of Pentameris.

Valves and ‘ilies very broad; lobes of former rs om

broad, dentate or ——— subulate-aeumi nate (1) Thuarn.

Valves and pales narrow er long, n

acute, adnate for 4-¢ ‘of their snore to the letra

» ig?

S$:

ps “ lax, more or less open, 6-7 in. by

~ spi ikelets a bows 10 lin. long 51 tbe of : ;

ae: half as long as the bony (2) longighums

cle j

: =e age

Spikelets 8-12 lin ong; awns 9-11 lin.

ong; lobes of vie about oh as Cad as .

the body . (ay eer

ai)

Oe ee a Ss

Tire =—_——- Ge .« ™.. SS aa wo Te =

RAS (Ce SIT ge eee Tt ap Pee aE ae ey

SO NS, Te hg ben EA SS ie iy ed re et pees MS

Pentameris. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 513°

See oo lin. long; about

lobes of valves half as long

as (4) dregeana.

Blades squarrose, ie 2-3 i in, long, very hard

and rigid, with obtuse tips . (5) squarrosa,

1. P. Thuarii (Beauv. Agrost. 93, t. 18, fig. 8); culms erect,

very firm, in dense and tight fascieles from a woody, sometimes

branched and suffrutescent, base, which is densely covered by the

remnants of old sheaths, 1-2 ft. high, glabrous, mol densely

a! es ay way ne ae 2-3 internodes usually ex rted ; ; ae aths

hairy on the upper side; panicle obovoid, lax, open or contracted,

2-4 in. long, erect or slightly nodding ; axis filiform like all the

divisio ons, scaberulous to scabrid; branches 3-2-nate or solitary,

finely filiform, obliquely erect, sparingly divided from 1-3 way above

the base or simple, 6—1-spicu ulate, longest up to 2 in. long ; ; branchlets

and pedicels subcapillary, unequal, latter 3-12 lin. long ; Spikelets

erect, whitish or straw-coloured, 7-9 lin. long, shining; glumes

very long and finely acuminate, hyaline’ to subhyaline, ‘scene

sce

9-1]-nerved ; lobes broad, scaberulous, acute or 0 suddenly

contracted into a setaceous acumen, or 2-toothed with a bristle

3-3} lin long from the inner angle, adnate to } way 9 lin.

Jong, kneed between 3 and } way up, column rather stout; pales

very broad, as long as the valve, hairy below, obtusely or acutely

; grain broadly Shien, is weagee

, granular ; hilum almost + the length of

the grain; seed whitish. Roem. § Schult. Syst. ii. 693. P.

Thouarsit, Kunth, Rev. Gram. i. t. 66; Enum. i. 315 (exel. syn.) ;

Suppl. 270. Danthonia Thuarii, Desv. Opuse. Me — 8 yn) j FA

_ 856. D.

ie Dareba (Stapf) ; culms stout, - ft. high, simple for more than 1 ft.,

a with a rect, barren, intravaginal branches and simple again above them ;

eee up to ‘Z1 lin. broad ; panicle very ao up to more than 6 in long, longest

in. lo ong.

ota a Worcester Diy. ; fei — ridges near Dutoits Kloof,

D ége / Caledon Div.; rocky places near Genadendal, 1, 2000-3000 ft.,

rege ! Realean Div. ; ed gorge on Zuu rbraak Mountain, 1000 ft.,

Galpin, — and withou t precise locality, Zeyher! var. B: Riversdale Div. ;

lower gi f the Lange ears near Kampsche ee: Burchell, 6964!

The pecimen, represen t variety §, has the a’ of

annual ; but the : pikelets we ekacthe J Bo the type, Barcel Says th

*pecimens grown “ Ful Iham from the is of -his no. 6964 attained a

Bory VI, Ei

514 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). | Pentameris.

. P. longiglumis (Stapf) ; culms erect, slender, firm, in dense

and tight fascicles from a slender woody base, 11-2 ft. high,

™m

for)

is]

i=}

ae)

—

is)

oOo

for)

—

Icio}

eonvolute from a broader base, 6-9 in. long, lower up to « Hn.

broad at the base, rigid, flexuous, glabrous and smooth below, finely

paniele very lax, open, 6-7 in. long; rhachis filiform, smooth,

bearded at the lower axils, otherwise smooth ; branches 2—3-nate of

solitary, very loosely di- to tri-chotomous or alternately divided from

2 to 11 in. above the base, longest 4-5 in. long, filiform, flexuous,

glabrous, smooth; branchlets and pedicels unequal, subcapillary,

as the body of the valve or almost so, with a bristle 3—4 lin. long,

from the inner side, adnate to it for * its length; awn about - lin.

long, kneed at 1 way up; pales as long as the valve (inclusive of

the lobes), densely pubeseent, 2-toothed ; lodicules ciliate ; anthers

2 lin. long. Danthonia longiglumis, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 306 ;

Stend. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 241; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

v. 852.

Coast Reeion : Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Burchell, 542! 598! Spielhaus !

Milne, 2461

3. P. speciosa (Stapf); culms erect, very firm and stiff, woody

below, fascicled, simple or usually branched above the base, with the

branches in tight fascicles, 11 to more than 2 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, closely and very tightly sheathed beyond the middle or all

along; sheaths coriaceous, extremely tight, smooth, often shining,

not striate, glabrous except a fugacious dense flake of wool at the

mouth ; ligule a dense fringe of hairs; blades filiform, finely pointed

pedicels ; lower branches 2-nate or fascieled, longest up to

2} in. long, seantily and loosely branched from e =

undivided for 3-9 lin., 6-1l-spiculate; spikelets straw-coloured

valves linear-oblong, body 2}~3 lin. long, pubescent to or eyond

the middle, 7-nerved; lobes lanceolate, minutely and unequally

bifid, seaberulous, about 1-11 lin. long, outer tooth acute, hyaline,

te — se =" SS HF USF lUCUtCCtC~—

Pentameris. | GRAMINER (Stapf), 515

of the awns, 43-5 lin. long, deeply bifid, hairy ; anthers 3 lin. long.

Danthonia speciosa, Lehm. ex Nees, Fl. ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 241; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 854.

Sour AFRica: without precise locality, Mund § Maire!

Coast Recion; Cupe Div.; summit of Table Mountain, Bolus! all over the

Lower Plateau of Table Mountain, Wolley Dod, 3300! 1686! slopes of Elsie

Peak, Wolley Dod, 2957! Ceres Div.; Cold Bokke Veld, 5000 ft., Schlechter,

8917! Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drege Pia

inde

4. P. dregeana (Stapf) ; culms erect, simple or branched from a

with the branches in tight fascicles, 12

—

scaberulous on the upper si , Margins seabrid; panicle oblong

awn, up in. long, 2-toothed, pubescent. Danthonia disti-

chophylla, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 305 (in part), not Lehm.

Coast Reaion: Paarl Div.; rocks of Paarl Mountain, 2000-3000 ft. (or

Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof ?), Drege!

a peveanats description of Danthonia distichophylla (Pugill. iii, 41) does not

gree with this plant. It refers probably to a Pentaschistis

5. P

from a

s~ Way, then slender and 2-noded, upper 3 internodes long (upper-

most 6-7 ve

516 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Pentameris.

squarrose, subulate-involute from a broad and almost flat base, with

callous obtuse tips, 2-3} in. by 1}—2 lin. at the base, very firm an

rigid, closely and strongly striate, glabrous, very scabrid near the

tips, margins seabrid all along ; panicle contracted, sublinear, strict,

31-4 in. long; branches 2-nate, 4—2-spiculate from 3-6 lin. above

the base or 1-spiculate, filiform like the axis, smooth, pubescent at

the axils; pedicels very unequal, 2-12 lin. long, finely filiform,

8 lin

smooth; spikelets 8— . long, straw-coloured; glumes long

awn 9-10 lin. long, kneed at the middle, column rather stout ;

pales 33 lin. long, narrow, very hairy all over; lodicules ciliate.

Coast Reeion: Caledon Div.; Nieuw Kloof in Houw Hoek Mountains,

Burchell, 8076!

XXXVII. DANTHONIA, DC.

ens 3. Ovary oblong or obovoid, glabrous ; ge

top of the ovary; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain

oblong, obovoid or ellipsvid, usually semiterete, rarely almost terete ;

hilum obscure, oblong, short; embryo 1 to 2 the length of the

grain.

Perennial, rarely annual; leaves very variable; panicle with usually oe

alternately and closely divided branches, often very dense, sometimes compactly

capitate, rarely transformed into a distichous spike.

Species 65-70, mostly in the temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere,

particularly in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Spikelets 14-2 in. long; stigmatic hairs decurrent on

the inner side of the styles and joining over the top

of the ovary:

Danthonia.) GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 517

Blades races ee to a long setaceous

point, 4-1 ft

are linear, . apering a almost from the base

the involute filiform obtuse tips, 2-3 in.

(1) macrantha,

(2) brachyphylla.

ong

Spikelets smaller: styles naked below, distinct

Low r less red with a oat

elets

unequal pe adincla; cients 74-94 1

lon (3) zeyheriana.

Panicle compac ct, spike- like or - capitate :

Spikelet: 3 10-12 lin. long in large heads

2-24 in. long ; tips of glumes usually

suddenly contracted and mucronate (4) macrocephala.

Spikelets smaller :

Spikelets 6-84 lin. long; glumes

narrow, long and acutely acumi-

nate; awn cpl ae ars se

twists belage ... (5) lanata,

Spikelets 4-7 lin ong; " glumes

°S

ie)

“pp

i=}

imperfectly ‘twisted and bent :

be (6) lupulina,

Lower sheaths gel covered ‘with a coat of wool ;

panicles never ¢

*Spikele ts about 6 tes, rarely to 10 lin. long ;

rather se grasses with rigid to wiry

Wika.

Inflorescence a true, a ear panicle,

ft.

n tufts; lower sheaths very

scape. pubescent or tomentose . :

and pru (7) elephantina.

Spikelets 6 rar ely 10 lin. long ; ;

valves with distinct tufts of hairs ;

cate. smooth and glabrous,

except sometimes near the mo outh

valves 3 on each side at the

base of Ae lobes and equal

o them (8) papposa.

Sheaths quite glabrous ‘or

almost so; hair tufts no

arranged as in the preceding

tion:

Culms and leaves '

r blades tightly

elite or partly flat,

ore than 3 ft.

long; + ~ of hairs

long, gathered in a

dense straight trans-

518 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

verse fringe at or nea

the middle of the boy

of the valve .. (9) cincta,

. long:

Glumes 1-, or low

sub-3- ner ity " tat

aie

ais in an

chiens a.

ear the

= "yer wholly

the

eight awn . (10) Macowanii.

Glumes 5-3- nerved ;

the loosely twisted

awn :

Blades wiry, up

to more than

. long;

— - valves

... (11) dura.

Blades ely fili-

form, fiexuous,

3-1 i ft ong 5

lobes of for

acute with a

Pee agers e

m side (12) stricta.

Inflorescence a Slbcoa ateng ail e;

keels of pales approximate, smooth... (13) disticha.

Sigg ge less than 6 lin. long, or if so lo ong,

small scanty panicles ‘ed the

staek dwarf, or the spikelets turgid and

awnless (21

Ligon set te

yawned pices in Ne 20):

ms 1~2-noded ; panicles

ak anty, often reduced to

a few spikelets spikelets 5-6 lin.

long, with mucronate valve-lobes

or 2-4 lin. oe with hyaline

Spikelets 5-6 lin. long; valve-

lobes beeen blades

pena cate, very rigid

ong

Spitelote 2-4 lin. long ; valve-

lobes obtuse, hyaline :

Danthonia] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 519

Perennial ;_ blades seta-

ceous = SS cana-

liculat gid, 3~2 in.

— spikelets ie lin.

ve-lobes cilio-

oe ee wes ... (15) purpurea,

— ralve-labes trun-

not ou ... (16) tenella.

Not dw: io or 1 =o ope pani-

fe wer- node pee

bine lobes long, setaceously

(17) curva.

Spikelets ath lin. ‘long and

wned, at least from

lobes not long setaceously

acuminate ;

Culms and leaves more

t least of the lower

Siu, bifid valves,

1 lin.

"Sutetescen lower

meer! “cries (18) suffrutescens.

He coe low

sheets: thin * (19) glauca.

Culms and lea $s qui te

stibuiene 4 collet 2 7009

nthers }—} lin. long ... (20) inermis.

Malaria bide +6 - — sconce

stogamous, nty racemes or

‘cae branches pt cea ior ... (21) decumbens.

; 1. D. macrantha (Schrad. in Schult. Mant. ii, 385); perennial,

uted; culms erect or shortly ascending, stout below, Ae ania

f ore or less branched at some distanee above the (branches

ae densely leafy to the middle or towards it, 2-3 ft. long, gla-

“eet Smooth, lower internodes very short, upper 3 or 4 long, exserted ;

aves glabrous ; — firm, striate, s _ lower aly very

humerous and clos upper much narrow often loose ; ligule a

i of short aie ; blades tightly pr tea eek sa or canaliculate,

arely loosely involute or partly flat, tapering to a long setaceous

520 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

point, 3-1 ft. by 1-2 lin. (when expanded), firm, flexuous, smooth,

except at the scaberulous margins ; panicle contracted, ovate to oblong,

3-7 in. long, erect or slightly nodding; axis angular below, striate

above ; branches solitary, alternately divided from near the base,

smooth like the very unequal branchlets and pedicels, filiform ; pedi-

cels 1—] in. long ; spikelets straw-coloured, 13—2 in. long, erect ; florets

(fertile) 2, much shorter than the glumes; rhachilla long continued

with a rudimentary floret; glumes unequal to subequal, lower

as long as the valves, minutely 2-toothed, glabrous, cartilaginous

below ; lodicules obovate-cuneate, glabrous, many-nerved, 3-} lin.

long ; anthers 3} lin. long ; ovary glabrous ; stigmas sessile, stigmatic

hairs joining over the top of the stigma; grain linear-oblong,

‘ ‘

i. 71; Gram. Suppl. 34, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6,

iv. 35; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 319; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 242 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 852. D. juncea, Trin. Gram.

Suppl. l.c.; Steud. lc. 248; Durand & Schinz, l.c, 851. Avent

macrocalycina, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 482. Pentameris macrantha,

Nees in Linnea, vii. 316; Kunth, Enum. i, 316. Pentaschostrs

(ly error) macrantha, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 1.c.

GION: Piqu Div.; Piquetberg, 2000 ft., Drége. Cape Div.

Table M n, Drage! Ecklon, 932! Ecklon § Zeyher! 132! among rocks 0

the north side of Table Mountain, MacOwa b. Aust. Afr. 1699! pear oo

town, ! Farmer Peck Valley, Wolley Dod, 2808! Devils Peak, Bergtus

ape Fla ogte, Ecklon § Zeyher, 1825! Cape Peninsula, low

Constantia, Eckion. Malmesbury Div. ; Groene Kloof, Ecklon. Caledon _

Klyn Riversberg Range, Ecklon. Mossel Bay Div. ; hills near the landing-

Mossel Bay, Burchell, 6292! Riversdale Div.; hills near the Zoete-

melks River, Burchell, 6752 !

; culms subaseending

from a short slender rhizome, covered with tight hard seales, very

Danthonia. ] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 521

slightly nodding, 23-4 in. long; axis angular or compressed, striate ;

branches solitary, alternately and very sparingly divided from near the

d; valves spindle-shaped in profile; body 3 lin.

ng, firm, villous all along, 9-nerved ; lobes . .

2-21 lin. long, scaberulous, ciliolate, villous below, wholly adnate

to the loosely twisted and flexuous side-bristles, these 5-8 lin. long ;

awn about 1 lin. long, kneed at + way up, stout, brown, tightly

twisted below ; callus slender, subpungent, densely villous; pales

very narrow, about 5 lin. long, tips puberulous; lodicules glabrous

or ciliolate, 3-2 lin. long; ovary glabrous, stigmas sessile, stigmatic

hairs joining over the top of the ovary

Sourn AFRica: without precise locality, Zeyher, 1826 5!

3. D. :

compactly tufted ; culms erect, slender or rather stout, 11 ft. long,

glabrous, smooth, 2-noded, upper 2 internodes usually exserted, rarely

sheathed all along; leaves erowded at the base; basal sheaths

ligule a dense villous fringe; blades linear, filiform-involute, or

flat below, acute to subobtuse, 4-8 in. by 1-2 lin. when expanded,

erect, straight or slightly curved, very firm, scantily hairy on the back,

at least when young, smooth, whitish above, strongly striate ; panicle

oblong to ovate, erect, loosely contracted, 3-4 in. long ; axis more or

less angular, smooth, striate; branches fascicled or 2-nate and very

i ivi r th

\nequal, or solitary and sparingly divided from or near the bi

shire ; :

rhachilla glabrous, joints about

st rudimentary; glumes

z ln. long

lanceolate, narrow, long and acutely acuminate, equal, subherbaceous-

on the back, otherwise scarious, smooth or scaberulous near the tips,

3~5-nerved below, scantily transversely veined; valves oblong-

ceolate in profile, body 2-21 lin. long, 9-nerved, densely villous

to the middle, hairs in rows between the nerves terminating in a

522 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

2 lin, _long, bearded ; pales oblong, minutely 2-toothed, 3 lin.

ie at or below the middle; keels densely and rigidly

eiliclate ; lodicules 1 lin. long, tips siliclete anthers 21 lin. long ;

ovary glabrous ; styles distinct. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

55.

ABR. 8, paige (Stapf); upper sheaths woolly; spikelets 9-12 lin.

long; glumes tee and finely hairy or almost woolly ; lobes of valves very

narrow, finely pubescent.

Coast REGION : aanisttin Div.; mountains near Puspus _ Zeyher,

4555 ! corks Div.; on Post Berg (Cradock Berg) near George, Burchell,

5933 ! r, B: Cap . ae 3 be nih Slang Kop and Red Hill, beset, Wolley

Dod, sey low hills south of Kommetje, Wolley Dod, 1572

The typical form is perhaps identical with Danthonia decora, Nees, Fl. Afr,

Austr. 332, which I have not seen.

4. D. macrocephala (Stapf) ; perennial, compactly tufted ; culms

rather slender, erect, 1 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 1- 2-noded, upper

internodes shortly ‘exserted ; leaves crowded at the base; basal

woolly beard at the mouth, strongly striate ; ligule a dense villous

fringe ; paren tightly filiform-involute, wiry, rather stout, obtuse,

lower hee i ft. long, uppermost tied short, glabrous, ‘smooth ;

panicle enpiltaite, compact, globose-ovoid, 2-21 in. long; axis smooth,

striate ; _ brane hes very prs divided from the base ; branehie®

upwards, 5- to ab 7-nerved, side-nerves cer valves oblo ong-

lanceolate in profile ; body 91-3 lin. long, Ginerved, densely villous

to 2 the way from the base with the hairs in rows betw. een nerves;

abruptly ans 7 a dense tranverse fringe about 22 lin. long,

awn fiat, 5-6 lin. long with 2 very loose twists in the lower >

obtuse, 32-3} ln.

long, long hairy near the middle; keels densely and rigidly ¢ ciliate ;

Hg obovate, 2 lin. long, ciliate ; grain obovoid-oblony, 14 lin.

H AFRICA: without dope locality, but probably from Caledon, Tulbagh,

or Clanwilliam Division, Thom

. D. lanata (Schrad. in Schult. Mant. ii. tea _apeme ors

pactly igen culms slender, erect, 311 ft. long, ‘glabrous, smoot

]-2-n upper 2 2 internodes exserted ; leaves crowded a t the base 5

basal ional very eae — tomentose, 13—2 in. lon. re “a

striate, uppermost 1 or 2 tum nels herbaceous; ligule a villous fring? >

lades linear, tightly or loosely filiform-conyolnte, subpungent, 3

Danthonia.] GRAMINE (Stapf). 523

by lin. when expanded, very rigid, more or less flexuous or curved,

et or villous just above the ligule, smooth ; panicle a or

subcapitate, ovoid to subg pabne, very dense, about 1} in. long

z 83

less redu or at least smaller; rhachilla glabrous, joints short ;

glumes equal, narrow lanceolate, acutely acuminate, subherbaceous

and ofte r Oo , otherwise scarious, glabrous,

1-nerved ; valves oblong-lanceolate in profile, body 22 lin. long,

9-nerved, ‘densely villous to 2 1 or 2 way from the aa with the

hairs in rows between the nerves, abruptly ending in a dense

transverse fringe about 2 lin. long, otherwise ane s; lobes

ee 3 lin. long, scaberulous, hyaline, adnate to the

awn for 3-1 of its length; awn flat, 5-6 lin. long, with 2 very

loose twists in the lower 4; callus short, bearded; pales oblong,

obtuse, 31-32 lin. long, long hairy near the middle; keels

densely and rigidly ciliate lodicules obovate, cuneate, long ciliate,

s lin. long; anthe ae lin. long ; ty: glabrous ;_ styles

slender, distinct, Ae in Linnea, vii. 316; Fl. Afr. Austr. 329 ;

Trin. ran. Ie. t. 62; Gram. Gen. 70, ond page Ae ad.

Pétersb. sér » As TL, as in aig ae Mears 33, n Mém. Acad.

Pétersh. sér. 6, iv. 34; nth, 314; ‘Steud. gn Pl. Glum.

1, 242; Durand § Sinn, Consp. “PL, ate. ve 851. D. rufa, Nees,

le. 330; Steud. l.c. 243; Durand & Schinz, le. 854. Avena lanata,

Schrad. in Goett. peri ao 2075. A. lupulina, Steud. in

Flora, 1829, 486, not of 7.

f are ete (Nees, lc.) ; ae somewhat laxer, spikelets | 10-11 lin. long ;

oret

Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div. ; Ceder Berg Range, on Blaauw Berg, Drege,

pend eg Div. ; Table Mountain, ‘Ecklon, 924! Ecklon § Zeyher, 135 in St.

Petersburg Herb. ! Wolley Dod, 1688! Spielhaus ! near Constantia He Wolley

Dod, 1678! behind Hout Bay pit ie: ce Ded, 3169! near Constantia, and at

Doorn Hoogte, Ecklon. ulbagh ; Witzenberg, Vogel Vley and near ar Tulbagh

Waterfall, Ecklon. Stellenbosch Div; Hottentots Holland, moist ag on fo

Hs, Ee. e

Summits of the hills, Ecklon ! Swellendam Div. ; r us Vlei or on the

eureboom River, Zeyher 4541 ! Caledon Div AE in ee nd places near Genadendal,

Drége, 1664! untains Baviaans Kloo enadendal, Burchell, 7629

Uitenhage eld bere Flats to the nort hof Winterhock Mountains, Ecklon.

ar. B: Cape Div.; Vley bey pr — Wolley Dod, 2956! Swellendam

me “neh enlian le ocala und !

rfect specimen, co: oie in the Orange Free State by ae

a6, belongs, perhaps, also to this species ; its vpthclete are only

6. D. lupulina (Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii.690) ; pen compactly

Cespitose ; culms slender, ereet or subereet, 1-14 ft. long, glabrous ;

Smooth, 1-2-noded, upper 2 internodes exserted ; leaves perio at

the base ; basal sheaths densely woolly tomentose, about 2 in. long,

firm, persistent, the upper glabrous or with a woolly beard at the

mouth, striate, uppermost 2 tumid, herbaceous; ligule a villous

524 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

fringe; blades filiform, involute, subacute or subobtuse, 3-6 in.

long, very rigid, subflexuous, glabrou s or villous just above the

ligule, smooth; panicle capitate or spike-like, globose to oblong,

1-12 in. long ; axis striate, smooth, sometimes puberulous ; branches

isis bearded at the axils, very closely divided from the base;

branchlets and pedicels very short; spikelets imbricate, 4-7 lin.

long ; Boeate 4-5, uppermost gor nasi 9 thachilla glabrous, joints

in a somewhat rigid dense transverse fringe, about 14 lio. long,

otherwise glabrous ; lobes short, ovate, acute, about 1 lin. long, often

almost wholly adnate to rane wn, scaberulous or puberulous ; aw

2-4 lin. long, flat, straight or imperfeetly twisted below ; callus

short, villous ; pales obovate, obtuse, 2-23 lin. long, long hairy near

the middle ; keels densely and rigidly ciliolate ; lodieules obovate or

cuneate, ciliate, 3 4 lin. mas anthers 1-12 lin. long ; ; ovary glabrous ;

styles distinct, slender. Nees in Linnea, vii. 315; Fl. Afr. Austr.

Gram. Gen. 70, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, i. 70; Kunth,

Le. 314. Avena lupulina, Thunb. Prod. 23; Fl. Cap. i. 438; ed:

Schult. 118.

Sour Arrica: without precise locality, Thuwnberg! Herb. Harvey, 272!

Bergius !

Coast Reaton: Cape Div.; sandy plains between Tyger Berg and S

Mountain, Drage! Cape Flats near Doorn Hoogte, Ecklon. Table ae

Spielhaus ! Paarl Div.; Klein Drakenstein Mountains, Drége! Paarl Mountain,

é i é

in St. Petersburg Herb.! Winterhoek Mountain, 5000 ft., Ecklon ; Ecklon LA

Zeyher, 136 in St. Petersburg Herb.! Worcester Div. ; Dutoits Kloof, in er

rocky places, 1500-3000 ft., Drége. erent Div. ; near Stellenbos¢ :

Harvey! Alesander ! Hottentots Holland, Ecklon! Swellendam Div.; Pusp"

Valley, Voormans Bosch and Keurbooms ver Ecklon § Zeyher.

7. D. elephantina (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 334) ; pont, tufted ;

culms erect, very robust, fascicled at the base with 1 or en

an ous ; ligt

dense fringe of short hairs; blades loosely filiform-involute below,

se and involute or canaliculate and very long and finely at

upper part, acute, 1 to more than 2 ft. long, up to 23

Danthonia. ] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 525

broad when expanded, very hard, flexuous, glabrous, scabrid along

the margins and on the back in the upper part, upper surface whitish,

strongly and closely striate; panicle erect, oblong, very dense,

4-7 in. long; axis stout, striate, angular, glabrous; branches solitary,

lowest up to 3 in. long, abundantly and closely divided from the

scabrid ; pedicels 1-2 lin. long; spikelets densely crowded, straw-

coloured, 51-62 lin. long; florets 3-4, the uppermost rudimentary ;

rhachilla glabrous, joints 1-31 lin. long; glumes lanceolate, long

in profile, body 18 long, villous all over, 7-9-nerved; lobes

narrow, about 1-12 lin. long, scaberulous and ciliolate, gradually

passing into a mucro or short fine bristle, as long as the lobe or

shorter; awn 4—6 lin. long, kneed at the middle, loosely twisted

below, bristle flattened ; callus obtuse, very short, bearded; pales

linear-oblong, obtuse, 12 lin. long, hairy below, keels stout,

densely ciliolate above; lodicules ciliate; anthers almost 12 lin.

ong; ovary glabrous, styles slender, distinct. Drége in Linnea,

xx. 254; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 248 ; r ‘

Fl. Afr, v. 849. Avena elephantina, Thunb. Prod. 23; Fl. Cap.

1. 437 ; ed. Schult. 117; Kunth, Enum. i. 305.

Sourn AFrica: without precise locality, Thom !

Coast Reaion : Vanrhynsdor Div.; Gift Berg, Drége; Malmesbury Div. ;

Swartland, Thunberg! between Eikenboom and Riebeck Castle, Drége! Tul-

bagh Div. ; Tulbagh Valley, Winterhoek, &c., Ecklon; Ecklon 5 Zeyher, 1388

rb. ! Tr i

smooth, tight, striate or sulcate, basal very close, sometimes

numerous and subflabellate, 2-3 in. long, broad, often shining as i

lacquered, enclosing a dense tuft of hairs at the ver

Solitary, lowest up to 3 in. long, elosely and frequently divided from

t € base; branchlets and pedicels filiform, scaberulous to scabrid ;

pedicels. 1-3 lin. long; spikelets very crowded, straw-coloured,

Sometimes tinged with purple, 6-71 lin. long; florets 3, the upper-

most ru imentary; rhachilla glabrous, joints up to 4 lin. long ;

glumes subequal, lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, smooth, glabrous,

closely and strongly 3-nerved, scantily transversely veined ; body of

Valves 2 lin. long, rather firm, 9-nerved, loosely pubescent on the

s yeen

the middle and the base of the lobes ; lobes subulate-lanceolate,

——

526 GRAMINEM (Stapf). — [Danthonia.

acute, 2 lin. long, equalled by the hair tufts; awn about 6-7 lin.

long, kneed at the - middle, stout, loosely twisted below, bristle rather

flat ; eallus over + lin. long bearded ; pales linear-oblong, 34 lin.

scantily ple keels ciliolate ; ‘lodicules glabrous ; anthers

2-27 lin. long; ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, slender. Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 243; Durand §& Schinz, Consp. Fi. Afr. v. 853

Co Region: Riversdale Div. ; between Little Vet River and Kam oie

Berg, “Burchell, 6902! ie Div .; by the Zwartkops River, Ecklon Sf

£508 er, 469 ! Burchell, 443

ees also refers to this species Drége’s specimens from the Kromme River

iehcamedoes Div.) and Enon (Alexandria Div.) which I have not seen

9. D. cincta (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 332); perennial, densely

tufted ; oles erect, very robust, faseicled with long, very stout

glabrous, smooth, sheathed all along, or the uppermost internode

exserted and then to more than 1} “tt. long ; sheaths tight or the

uppermost tumid, very firm, striate, glabrous ee ciliate along the

margins below, lower very broad, coriaceous, up to more than ¢ ft.

long, uppermost 4 -1 ft. long; ligule a ense mk of hairs; blades

very long ag “tapering to a fine pungent t, up to more than

3 ft. by 2 1 lin, when goer ats usually eighty ayes SOME:

and strongly nerved on the upper surface ; pene avec: almost

spike-like, lanceolate or linear-oblong, very dense, up to mor

ft. by 1-3 in., shining, almost silvery; axis rather stout, more oF

Jess angular, glabrous or finely hairy, smooth; branches solitary,

divided from the very base, ee to 5 in. long, ereet 5 branchle

most rudimentary ; rhachilla glabrous, joints 3 lin. long ; oo

narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, subhyaline, glabrous, smooth, 1-nervé

or sho ortly 3-nerved ; valves oblong-lanceolate in profile, mre!

a lin. long, distinetly T-nerved, with a transverse fringe of tufts

ong hairs “(22 lin. long) at the ee otherwise glabrous ;

narrow, subulate-laneeolate, very acu 12 lin. long, hyaline,

scaberalous; awn 2-3 lin. long, slightly ee and twisted at } the

way from the base, flat ; callus slender, shortly villous ; pales linear-

oblong, 23 lin. long, keels densely and rigidly ciliolate ; 3 er

glabrous ; styles distinct, slender. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum . 2435

Durand $ Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 848

Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; near Constantia and Doorn Hoogte, Ee

Muizenberg Vley, Wolley Dod, 2356! near the convict satabligbmen nt at pe

Watley Dod, 2192! Tulbagh Div.; near Taiteey vary eg i . al

lon 3

Uitenhage Div.; by the Zw peti wad er, Beklon x Sener. 979! 137 and -

rn ee Petersburg Herb.) ! betwe n Stadensberg Range an

e! between Leadmine River. mi Van prailent River, Burchell,

Danthonia.]} GRAMINEX (Stapf). 527

Albany Div.; wet places on the mountains around Howisons coy near

Grahamstown, 1800 ft., MacOwan § Bolus, Herb. Norm. Aust. Afr.

. D. Macowanii (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted ; culms erect, rather

slender, over 2 t. long, smooth, glabrous, all the nodes close to the

uppermost up to 1} ft. long, purplish, tight, terete ; ligule a dense,

short, villous fringe ; Blades. filiform, tightly involute or canaliculate,

subpungent, lower over 12 ft., uppermost 1-2 ft. long, very rigid,

straight, glaucous, Sassy “striate ; panicle erect, contracted, sub-

linear; 8-1 in. long; axis filiform, terete, smooth, glabrous ;

branches solitary, erect or suberect, lowest to 3 ft. long, divided

0 in. or less or the upper from close above the base, like the

arse a rae filiform, sine smooth ; ultimate divisions

and pedicels more or less fnscieled, very unequal, latter from 1-6 lin

7 lin. long, shining ; florets 4, uppermost 1 or 2 nition tiers or at

least reduced in size ; thachilla glabrous, joints 3 lin. long; glumes

narrow lanceolate, finely acuminate in profile, scarious, glabrous,

prominent below, with an oblique transverse fringe of 3 tufts of

hairs on each side near the base and towards the margins (about

1; lin. long), otherwise glabrous

Red

‘3

ciliate, over 1 lin. long; anthers in. long;

glabrous ; ar distinct, short.

ENTRAL ReEGion: Somerset Div. ; e banks of streamlets near the

summit of Bosch Berg, and aay in the mea ‘a the Little Fish River, 4800 ft

MacOwan, 4800 ft., 1986!

il. D. dura (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted, with numerous innovation

shoots ; culms erect, ft. long, glabrous, smooth,

3-noded, upper internodes + ft. long, exserted; leaves crowded at

the base; ; sheaths tight, very obscurely enate glabrous, usually

ponies st firmly scarious, pallid, up to } ft. long; 7 a

in,

than the sheath, wir ry, canaliculate, subaeute, over 2 ft. long, very

firm, desea glabrous, smooth; panicles linear to oblong-linear,

noddin 6-7 in. long, loosely cont racted ; axis subeom ressed oF

Subangular, ieoakh at least below ; branches Sree di alternately

rire from near the base, or the lowest from 4-2 in. above it and

Up to 2 in. long and 10-12. a penis like the branchlets and

pedicels, subflexuous, com wpressed or angular, scabrid at least above,

glabrous, or almost so - ; pedicels ea unequal, from 1-8 lin. long,

528 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

tips usually slightly pubescent; spikelets erect, straw-coloured,

about 9 lin. long; florets about 5, rather close, uppermost reduced ;

rhachilla Dg oa equal, lanceolate, acutely acuminate,

giatiictictin. iiaetoats « awn 56 lin. ong kneed ‘at 1 way Up,

very loosely twisted, broad, dark below “the bend ; callus short,

bearded ;_ pales oblong, almost 3 lin. long, keels densely and rigidly

ciliolate ; lodicules obovate, long ciliate; grain oblong, almost

Tt im. hs Chetobromus stricta, var. B, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 342.

RN Recion: Little Namaqualand; Kamies Bergen, between Pedros

Kloof a Lily Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Dré.

Drége indicates C. stricta, var also from Modderfonteins Berg (Little

Namaqualand, the a ae Range Cities Div.), but the latter locality is

extremely doubtful.

12. D. stricta (Schrad. in Schult. Mant. ii. 383) ; perennial,

densely cespitose with numerous innovation shoots; culms erect,

rarely ascending and geniculate, slender, 1-2 ft. high, glabrous,

smooth, 1-—2-no ode d, uppermost 2 internodes very long, exserted ;

leaves erowded at the base ; ; sheaths tight, striate, glabrous, bearded

or F beanilecs at the mouth, lowest short, v ery firm, pers rsistent ; ligule

and pubescent or puberulous; branches solitary, sparingly and

alternately divided “ie near the base, like the Laer) and pedi-

eels filiform, straight, c a emperte or angular, aeytans = pubescent,

closely imbricate at first, at length rolling in and bei mre

ovate-lanceolate, acute, decurrent, 1-11 lin. long, hyaline, scaberu-

lous, almost wholly adnate to the fine side-bristles, these

long ; awn 3-4) lin, long, kneed at or below the middle, a

loosely twisted, broad, brown below; callus acute, villous ;

oblong, 2i-22 lin. long, keels densely and rigidly ciliolate ; loicales

obovate to cuneate, 3 lin., long ciliate; anthers 13-1} lin. long ;

ovary glabrous ; styles. distinct, x tai Tein, Gram. ‘Su uppl. 39, |

“

tole

Danthonia. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 529

in Mém. Acad, Pétersb. sér. 6, iv. 36; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i.

243; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fi. Afr. v. 854. D. fascicularis,

Nees 7

Kunth, Enum. i. 317. Chetobromus strictus, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

341. C. Jascicularis, Nees, l.c.

OUTH AFRICA: bapa precise locality, Mund § Maire! Herb. Harvey,

267 Foiaig Drége, 1686

t Reeron: Clanwilliam Div. ; Ceder Bevgen, between Wupperthal and

Sculeenk 3500-4000 ft., ao 25750 | Cape Div. ; Table Mountain and Devi vils

Mountain, Ecklon! Lions ver Sea Point, Wolley Dod, 3574! Constantia

Nek, Wolley Dod, 2128! Pre Paarl Div. ; rocks of Paarl Berg, zr

Div K . :

niet 9600! Onrust River, 2500 ft., Schlechter, 9499! by the Zonder

Ein i ey near Re sa eran Rees oii 4552! Nieuw Kloof in Houw Hoek

, Bur 56 ! rsdale Div.; near the Zoetemelks River,

Burchell, ‘65/21 8 6782!" bebivedn. the Little Vet River and Kampsche

ae oe Burchell, 6884! Mossel Bay Div.; Little Brak River, Burchell, 6187 !

679 | rkeh REGION : baa West ‘Div. ; Nieuw Veld Mountains, Drége,

The eastern specimens (from Caledon Diy. to Mossel Bay Div. ) — on the whole,

smaller vuden (6~7 lin. long) than the western and norther

13. D. disticha (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 335); perennial, densely

tufted with numerous innovation shoots ; culms slender, erect, or

Sessil rudimentary shortly bearded pedicel, imbricate (the

Wo ranks at first contiguous, then divergent), 53-6} lin pep the

lowest cduekmascee ; — s padi ery close, Be peer 3

Subulate-lanceolate, almost 2. lin. long, ciliate, excurrent in

bristle of equal length ; awn 6-8 lin. long, kneed at } way from the

base, loosely twisted below ; bristle rather flat ; callus acute, bearded,

: lin. long; pales almost equalling the lobes, over 4 lin. long ; keels

inely seaheruiou lodicules long ciliate; anthers 23-3 Ai long ;

530 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

ovary yen ae distinct. Drege in Linnea, xx. 254; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 243; Durand & Sehine, biagsan Fl. Afr. v. "849.

SoutH AFRICA: without kee caged Boww

Coast Reeion: Swellen ‘ves ridges along the lower ei

of the Zonder Hinde i pur “tt. , Zeyher, 4550! Riversdale Div. ;

the Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6693 ! Uitenhage Div. ; grass-fields near ‘the

Zwartkops River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 453! Alexandria Div.; near Addo, Ecklon!

hit Albany ; vases 500-1000 — Drége. Albany Div. ; Howisous

oort near oe town, Glas s, 7700 r Grahamstown, Burke ! Bothasberg

Rane, aes ag seer ahaa 1313 ! capac Div.; Storm Bergen, 6000 ft.,

Oe nTRat ReGion: Somerset Di iv.; between the rag Range and Klein

mesh Hoogte, 2000-2500 ft., Drage! Graaft Reinet Div. ; aps ain slopes

r Graaff Reinet, 4000-6000 ft., Bolus, 672! Oude Bere, 3500 ft., Drége ! Albert

Div. 5 ; rocks by the Stormberg Spr uit, 5000-5500 ft., Drege ! Wodehouse Div. ;

Zuur Poort, Zeyher, 139! Aliwal North Div. ; rocky summit of the Witte

Bergen, 7500 ft., Dréye.

KALAHARI REGION : Orange Free State; Witte Bergen, near Harrismith,

Buchanan,

14. D. pumila (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 323); perennial, with few

short ‘inns shoots; culms very slender, erect or ascending,

2-4 in. long, greyish pubescent, at least in the upper ei 2- noded,

internodes énelosed or upper 2 exserted; leaves mainly b basal,

distichous in the innovation shoots ; shenthe finely puberulous,

lower bearded at the mouth, closely pits eet very short, more of

less coriaceous, at length glabrescent, upper very narrow and tight ;

ligule a fringe of minute airs; blades Deals. HB obtuse or

mucronulate, 3-] in, by 3 lin. when unfolded, very rigid, strongly

raceme of about 5 spikelets, $-1 in. long ; rhachis and ver short

5-6 ha florets 6- 7, ee rudimentary ; : rhachilla joints

callus short with a beard on each side; pales elliptic-oblong, Vet

ong, flaps scantily and minutely hairy, keels rigidly

densely eiliolate ; lodicules fleshy, ee cuneate ; pe ] lin.

long; grain elliptic, $ lin. long. a d. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1. 242;

poten § Schinz, Cone, Fl. Afr. v

ERN ReEGion: Little N th of the

Prcheg River, below 600 ft., Samad ro pen ate

15. D. purpurea (Beauv. Agrost. 160); perennial, very ae

cespitose with numerous very short densely leafy innovation shoots

eae

Danthonia.) GRAMINEA (Stapf). 531

= shortly ascending, very slender, from 2-9 in. Jong, glabrous,

mooth, densely leafy at t the very base, 2-noded, internodes exserted,

vied purplish ; ; Sheaths tight, strongly striate, rather firm, glabrous

except oo the ciliate upper margins and a few coarse hairs at the

mout ule a fringe of short hairs; blades setaceous-subulate,

aati ae with a callou oint, 3-2 in, sei rigid, t e basal more

subglobose, }—3 i his and all the divisions scaberulous,

purplish ; branches baled unequal, filiform, aig seantily divided

fr base or L-spiculate ; pedicels 1-2 . long; spikelets

2z-4 lin. long, crowded ; florets about & nce rudimentary ;

thachilla glabrous, joints short; glumes lanceolate, acute, herbaceous

and usually purple on the back with thin whitish margins, glabrous,

it, obscurely 9-nerved ; lobes oblong, obtuse, 1 lin. long, each with

3 distinet parallel nerves below the middle, hyaline and ciliolate

fa}

lj &

—

Tad!

fa")

ie)

ors

—

long, hairy below the middle, keels seabrid ; lodicules fleshy, soantity

ciliate; anthers 2 lin. long ; grain obovoid, 1 lin. long. Roem. &

Afr. v. 853. D. purpurea B setosa, Nees ex Drege in Linnea, xx.

254. D. setosa, Nees, l.c.; Steud. lc. ; Durand § Schinz, le. 854.

Aven sna purpure, Thunb. Prod. 23; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 118; Linn.

J. Suppl

AST ReGIo Queenstown Div.; summits of Sterkstroom Mountains,

MacOwan Herb. gn Afr., 1694! Bearaibets mange. oo rocks near Zuurplats,

5000 ft. ato! Stormberg Mountains, 6000-7000 ft., Zeyher ! Table Mountain,

pA he “ —_

AL eae on: Sutherland Div. ; pe gh HG Thunberg ! Beaufort West

iia Veld Mow ok Drége! Graaff Reinet Div. ; Sneeuwberg Range,

pia Sen aff bugs 5000 fi » Drége! Bolus, 520! Aliwal North Div. ; Witte-

bergen, 7500 ft., Drdge !

ng,

ag smooth, ¥S.sioded: "internodes eiseeied sheaths tight,

like the upper except for a few hairs at the mouth ; ligule a fringe of

short hairs; blades fine, setaceously involute, a nctita: 2—] in, long,

soft, curved or straight, slightly seaberulous towards the tips, beset

with ne spreading tubercle-based hairs; panicle very small, ovate,

loosely contented: often reduced to 4-3 spikelets ; branches and

lin. long ; spikelets light’ green, 2-3 lin. long; florets 4-5,

Tmost rudimentary ; ; rhachitl glabrous, joints short; glumes

m 2

532 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

equal, ae in profile, acute to ap Sa

a ; valv

broadly ies in profile, body 3—$ lin. long. with a transverse fringe

of tufts of hairs below the insertion of the awn and several sub-

marginal tufts; lobes oblong, very obtuse, 12 lin. long, each with

3 distinct parallel nerves, hyaline, ciliate; awn 1-1} lin. long;

slightly twisted and bent below the middle ; ; callus short, shortly

hairy ; pales oblong, truncate, % lin. long, keels scaberulous ; lodicules

fleshy, broad, cuneate, ciliolate ; anthers 1 lin. long or almost 80;

ovary glabrous; styles Se eet Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 242;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fi v. 854.

Sete’ ike without ed x0 locality, Th ;

N Reeton: Li wen maqualand ; rena Buffels (Kousies) River

and Silver vais, 2000 ft.,

17. D. curva (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 328); perennial, tufted, often

BOR prous; poe very slender, often asc ack from a lecumbent

po paar My iiels more or less i ctis ovate to

cylindric, usually lobed or interrupted, } to more than 2 in. long;

rhachis scaberulous, angular; branches ‘solitary, longest not more

than 4 the length of the panicle, lower undivided for 1-3 lin. %

like the rest closely divided from the base, branchlets contracted,

ecun

uppermost quite rudimentary; rhachilla glabrous, ae short ;

glumes equal or subequal, broad lanceolate, acute, herbaceous on the

back, glosely 3-5-nerved, keels scabrid ; valves oblong in profile,

y 2—4 lin. long, 9- nerved, hairy along ‘thie margins to beyond the

middle or on the back almost to the base of the awn, hairs in dense

or loose (usually interrupted) rows between the nerves, often ending

in tufts of short hairs; lobes ovate- toca mae acuiine

about $ lin. long, adnate for = their e at_len

usually free ; awn at first straight or slightly ne ith cain a

? .

ais distinct, slender, sas Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 242; Dura and 4

Schinz, Consp. Fil. Afr. 848. D. Bachmannt, Hack. in Bul

Herb. Boiss. iii. 385.

Var. B, —— (Stapf) ; — to 1 ft. long by 14 lin. ; panicle to more oer

3 in. long, lower and intermediate branches 12 7 Mag 0 divided fro m +49

ubove the ety obliquel y erect or plier nodding ; apikeloes 24-3 lin. rae

SourH Arrica: without precise locality, Boivin

Coast ReGIon: Malmesbury Div. ; a near a enn ecg

1018! Cape Div.; Devils Mounta a Verreaux ! Wore Div. ;

Danthonia. ] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 533

pate Veld, at the Doorn River, near Moord Kuil, Drége. Mossel Bay Dit. 5

rl hills on the east side of the Gauritz River, ea 6454! George Div

Kloof, Ecklon. Humansdorp Div.; Karroo by the Gait toos River, Gill} ,

Viter hage Div.; by the Zw: ractooye River, Ecklon S Sane: 184! Zeyher, 4529!

near Uitenhage, Burchell, 4236! Al r :

MacOwan, 1303; King Williamstown Div. ; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan, 26!

ar. 000 ft.,

Wer EGION: Little Namaqualand; near the mouth of the Or range

River, ine ! between the Buffels River and Silver Fontein, 2000 ft., Drége!

Var. 8 is perhaps nothing but a luxuriant state of D. curva.

18. D. vi nen (Stapf); perennial, suffrutescent, with a

woody much branched base and the stout basal branches closely

covered with ‘ialorihate scales or remnants ot old sheaths; flowering

cose or tumid, from very minutely puberulous (on the nerves) to

almost glabrous, uppermost reaching or exceeding the base of the

panicle; sheaths of the rigid slender innovation shoots tight,

glaucous ; ligule a dense fringe of short hairs ; blades linear, tapering

to an acute point, those of the culm leaves < 13 in. by 12 lin., flat

or the tips involute, finely striate, very minutely and densely

carious, seaicilone 6—7-nerved, lower somewhat shorter; valves

the base of the ap or ary beyond, the second or third row

ending in a tuft o f long hairs; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute or

mucronate acuninate, 1- lz lin. ” long, paride tips ci iliolate ; ;

callus very ‘slend der, pungent, villous ; piles linear-oblong, 1} lin.

odicules cuneate, glabrous, fleshy, small ;

anthers ] lin ee a ar glabrous ; styles slender, almost as long as

the slender dens stigm

Pn NTRAL Re@ion: Carnarvon Div.; at Buffels Bout, Burchell, 1607! ! Prieska

3 between Modder Fontein and Kekams Poort, Burchell, 1612/6!

Teste are very like those of D. glauca, but they are slightly larger and

534 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

1-1 ft. long, finely greyish tomentose, 3-4-noded, intermediate

most very wide from a narrow base, embracing the base of the

panicle ; ligule a dense fringe of short hairs; blades linear, acute,

subpungent, 1-2 in. long, 2 lin. broad, loosely involute or almoyt

and seabrid; branches erect, a few in fascicles, unequal, closely

divided from the base, filiform and seabrid like the very short branch-

lets and pedicels ; spikelets crowded, 31 lin. long, straw-coloured or

lobes, the second and third row or all 3 outer rows ending with a

fine tuft of hairs about as long as the lobes; lobes ovate-lanceolate,

acute, 1 lin, long, scaberulous, tips ciliate or ciliolate; awn erect or

slightly bent, 1-12 lin. long, with 1 or 2 loose twists below the

12 lin. long, keels seabrid ; lodicules cuneate, glabrous, rather

fleshy, small; anthers about 1 lin. ] re) :

distinct, slender. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 242; Durand J Schint,

Uonsp. Fl. Afr. v. 850.

Western Recion: Little Namaqualand; sandy hills near Kuigunjels, neat

the mouth of the Orange River, 200 ft., Drége, 2536 !

0. D. inermis (Stapf); perennial (7); culms geniculate, very

slender, about 1 ft, long, glabrous, smooth, 2-noded, internodes

exserted; leaves glabrous; sheaths tight, lower very obscurely

scaberulous, upper smooth; ligule a fringe of very fine hairs;

ades fine, setaceously convolute, acute, 3-4 in. long, smooth j

panicle contracted, linear, 1-22 in. long, subflexuous ; rhachis

th below; branches solitary, 2-nate or a few in fascieles,

lowest up to 1 in. long, divided from the base or nearly so, finely

times tinged with purple on the sides, glabrous, scaberulous above,

profile, broadly

rounded on the back, 14 lin. long, shortly 2-toothed, mucronate

e |

Danthonia. } GRAMINEH (Stapf), 53d

from the sinus, densely hairy up to the middle on the back and

ciliate along the margins to ¢ the way up, otherwise glabrous,

minute, ciliate ; anthers oblong-linear, +-1 lin, long; grain ellipsoid,

% lin. long.

aaa REGION: Port Elizabeth Div.; near Port Elizabeth, E.S.0.4. Herb.,

21. D. decumbens (DC. Fl. Franc. iii. 33); perennial, tufted ;

culms erect, slender, 1-2 ft. high, glabrous, smooth, about 2-no ded,

upper internodes exserted ; leaves glabrous except for a more or less

distinet beard at the mo uth of the sheaths, or scantily beset with

very fine stiff es ; soon tight, striate, lower persistent ; ligule a

fringe of short hairs : ; blades linear, acute, 8-8 in. by 1-14 lin., flat

or involute, striate, scaberulous towards the tip and along t the

margins ; panicle usually reduced to a raceme or the lowest branches

2-3-spieu ulate, often scanty, linear, 1-2 in. long; rhachis and

long, greenish or tinged with purple; florets epg ‘imbrieate,

5-7, very close, uppermost rudimentary; glum olate in

protile, acute, scarious, often tinged with purple on the sides, smooth

glabrous, sub-5- to sub-7-nerved in the aye part, nerves joining and

connected by a few transverse veins; ves oblon

minutely 2-toothed, mucronulate from er sinus, broadly rounded on

the back, 3 lin. long, rather firm, tips often purplish, otherwise light

green with a distinct or obseure Gig eer fringe of short hairs

minutely bearded; pales broad alliptic- -obloug, 24 lin. long, flaps

narrow, keels slightly winged, densely and rigidly ciliolate ; ; lodicules

0; anthers ellipsoid, =3,-2 lin. long; ovary glabrous ; styles short,

distinct, whe nag very delicate ; grain strongly dorsally comeeeer

ellipsoid, 11 gta as Trin. Gram. Gen. 67, and in cad

Pétersb. sér. " i. 67; Kunth, Eatin. i, 311; "Su yppl. 265, t. sith.

fig. 2. Festuca decumbens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 75; Fl. Dan. t. 162;

Leers, Fl. Herborn. 34, t. vii. Fg. 5. Sie gr miner itn Beraht.

4. chia sel

rigida,

Wie ea ‘im. Fl. Werthem. 117. Bromus decumbens, ‘Koel. Deser.

242. Triodia a Beauv. Agrost. 179, t. xv. fig. 9;

it Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 249 ; nd & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v 87.

Coast Region: King inion di Div. ; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan, 49!

A native of Europe and North Africa ; elsewhere introduced.

Imperfectly known. species.

20. D. wnlyeins (Roem, & Schult. Syst. ii. 691; Kunth, Enum. i.

a36 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Danthonia.

315; Durand & Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. v. 848), based on Avena

ealycina (Lam. Ill. i. 200 ; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. i. 540), was referred

to D. macrantha by Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 319; but the very in-

sufficient = earthed points rather toa species of Pentameris.

23. D. holciformis (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 326); perennial; culms

simple, slender, 3 ong; leaves glabrous except for a dense

rd a

what rigid; panicle narrow, slender, loose, 2-2} in. long; rhachis

and branches flexuous, slightly viseid ; branches 2-nate or solitary,

a few spikelets ‘from the middle ; florets 2; glumes equal,

ute or tusheswass, glabrous, seeell lenerved ; valves 11-13 lin.

ain deeply bifid, densely villous, 7-9-nerved in the lower, 3-

nerved in the upper part ; lobes lanceolate, mucronate, pubescent,

ciliolate ; awn scarcel 1 lin. long, flat, pallid, with a single twist

at the middle. — ie a. Fl. Gleam: i, 242; Durand & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 851.

Coast ReEGion: pete on Div.; by the Palmiet River, in a place called

Gretzaget, and between the Palmiet River and the Steenbrazen River, Ecklon.

This species was placed by Nees between Danthonia purpurea, Beauv., and

D. glauca, Nees. 4

24. D. Kuhlii (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 240); cxspitose; culms

geniculate, 1-1 ft. long, sheathed almost all along or the uppermost

internode exserted ; sheaths pubescent, striate, song bearded at the

mouth ; blades flat or convolute, 2-5 in. by scarcely 1 lin., the

uppermost exceeding the panicle ; aa oe ue dense, 1- 13 in

long, branches divided from near the bas ; branchlets and pedicels

eapillary, short to very short ; oar eels 1 lin. pon glumes

ovate, acute; valves shorter than the glumes, silky or subglabrous;

lateral bristles twice, awn four tines the length of the valve.

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

Coast Reaion: Cape Div. (?), without precise tiled, Kuhl.

Probably a species of Pentaschistis.

ep twice the Spain: of the florets ; cide 3. pias ; sg

subequal, aig quite glabrous, twice the length of the florets ;

valves villous, 7-nerved, lateral bristles slightly longer than the

valve, awn 3 i the length of the valve. D. rigida, ae Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 248; Durand & Schins, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 894-

Avena rig.da, Steud. in Flora,.1829, 482,

Danthonia. } GRAMINEX (Stapf). 537

Sour Arrica: without precise locality, Ludwig.

Hochstetter and Steudel place this plant near Danthonia lanata, Schrad.

XXXVIII. CHATOBROMUS, Nees (partly).

Spikelets laterally compressed, pedicelled, panicled, deciduous

with the bearded or plumose upper part of the pedicel ; rhachilla

tough or almost so above the glumes, readily Segiticalatl between

the va lves. Florets 3-4, ¢, exceeded by the glumes

7-9-nerved, slightly heteromorphous, lowest glabrous, with an

obscure, glabrous callus, and usually also with a reduced awn or

without bristles, following valves slightly larger or baile pubescent,

deeply 2-lobed with a kneed awn from the sin us, a bristle from the

phi aired blades more or ee flat, soft ; ager pyrimay: narrow

Sometimes very meagre ; spikele wy deciduous wit th a a part of the pedicel and

disarticulating between the valve

Species 3, in South-western South Africa.

Blades usually silky or silvery below from adpressed

irs; spikelets 5-6 lin. — lowest valve suddenly

contracted into a short brist

Blades glabrous below; sp spikelets 6-8 lin. ‘long ; ; all the

. (1) involucratus,

Culms erect ; blades 2-5 i in, long ; spikelets sit lin.

.. (2) dregeanus,

m asom

blades 6-10 in. long; spikelets oy lin. - long

all the valves with side-bristles

C. involucratus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 344, exel. iar eA Rarer

slende to long,

singer smooth, sbapiancra: ae enn Bert oh aths

. (3) Schraderi.

acute 2-4 in. by 1-2 lin., soft, flat, or those of the innovation-

shoots Alittem meats dens ely silky or silvery from adpresse ; ssed hair

or glabreseent : ; panicle linear to linear-oblong, erect, 11-2 in. long ;

Scaberulous, — i ate fro e base; pedicels unequal,

deciduous part 1- in. long, bea below, scarcely exceeding

ee rics light xeon! or greyish-green, - long ;

538 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Cheetobromus.

along the keel, lower much broader, sub-9-nerved, upper 5-nerved,

nerves seabrid ; valves lanceolate- oblong in rofile, 7- to sub-

9-nerved, lowest 2 lin. long, gor, suddenly contraeted into a

rather flexuous bristle, about 22 lin. long, upper 14 lin. long

eoonre of the callus), loosely pubescent, 2-lobed ; lobes acute,

ciliolate, 2 lin. long, adnate toa fine bristle (up to 2 lin. long) from

the inner ‘side ; awn 4-5 lin. long, kneed at } way up; callus } lin.

long ; pales as ‘long as the valves ; anthers 11 lin. long. Danthonia

involucrata, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 244; not Sehrud., nor Trin.

Gen. Gram. Suppl. 33, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sév. 6, iv.

ERN REGION: oie Namaqualand; near the mouth of the ucla

itvor: iota 600 ft., Drége

2. C. dregeanus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 343); densely tufted ;

culms erect, slender, 1-1} ft. ong, glabrous, —— ie no ode d,

fabrous lowest pallid, scarious or firm and persistent ; bic a fringe

of hairs; blades linear, acute, 2-5 in. by 1-2 lin., flat, o f

the innovation- shoots filiform- -convolute, soft, glabrous and smooth

below, very finely pubescent or scaberulous and whitish on the upper

side; panicle contracted, oblong to linear, erect or nodding, 1-4} in.

ong; rhachis slender, stnooth and angular below ;_ branches solitary;

2 in. long, angular, divided ee the base ; branchlets more oF

less fascicled, very U neqnal, terete, seaberulous or smooth, or the

branches much reduced, 5-2-spiculate from the very base ; pedicels

unequal, deciduous part 13 lin, long, bearded below or plumose

nearly all along, more or less exceeded it the hairs; spikelets

6-71 lin. long, light yellow or purplish-green ; florets 3 ; glumes acute

or acuminate, puberulous or scaberulous (at least the lower an

callus to $ lin. ong : shes 22 Jin. tee, anthers 1? lin. long;

pi 1} lin. long. Danthonia dregeana, Steud. Syn. Pl, Glum.

244; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 849.

CeNTRAL ReGIon; Clanwilliam Div. 1 Wappen hel. Wurmb. Lil

WESTERN Region: Little Nam maqualan between Pedros Kloof and uy

Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Dr oe Asai Silver Fonte, Koper Berg and —

Mountain, 2000-3000 ft. , Dreg

3. C. Schraderi (Stapf); culms ascending from 4 geniculate,

sometimes decumbent and branched base, 2 ft. long, glabrow®

Chetobromus. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 539

smooth, 6—12-noded, lower internodes 1-11 in. long, slender, upper

3 much longer, stouter, shortly exserted ; leaves glabrous except at

the sometimes scat itily bearded mouth of the sheaths ; ; sheaths rather

loose, lower more or less slippin

acute point, 6-10 in. by 11-24 in., flat, striate, smooth or obscurely

oe and glaucous. from wax ek on the upper

out 2 in. long, obliquely erect, filiform, glabrous, smooth below ;

cee Re and pedicels contracted, soe ; pedicels very unequal,

deciduous part 11—2 lin, long, bearde z Way, hairs equalling the

joiut ; spikelets 71-8 lin. long, light “ack eft erect ; florets

3-4; glumes acute or mucronulate, scabrid on the keel and

produc ed into a fine bristle (about 2} lin. ae ; awn "6-7 lin. wie

kneed at or couse the middle, very slender ; ; lowest valve 21-23 lin,

long, glabro those above 2 lin. long (excluding the callus),

ee Raticeneni, with a callus up to 1 lin, long; pales 23-2 lin,

long ; anthers 22 lin, long.

meen Reeion: Cape Div.; Puarden Island, Wolley Dod, 3078!

This is probably identical with Schrader’s Avena involucrata, in Goett. Gel.

Anzeig. 1821, iii. 2075 (Da athena inn rape , Schrad, in Schult. Mant. ii. 383 ;

m. i. 317; ‘Trin. Gram. Gen. 7 1, tt in Mém. Pétersb. sér. 6, i. 71.

Pentameris involucrata, Nees in Linnza, vii. 310

‘€

Imperfectly known species.

2-spiculate ; oeieclh hewoilly covered with ei "erect hairs

5 li ng; glumes lanceolate, acuminate, scabrid, 5-nerved ; florets

2; valves 2 lin. long, glabrous, smooth, faintly eh lateral

bristles 12 lin. long, awn 41-5 lin, long, pe? at 2 of its length.

Danthonia intercepta, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 243; De tat 5

Schine, 351.

Coast Reaion: « Cape District, Groote Post.” Collector not mentioned.

Similar a en Nees, according to the author, but differing in the

gl edee os

XXXIX. ARUNDO, Linn.

Spikelets 2~7-flow red, laterally compressed, in very compoun

panicles, rhachilla diciGedlsting above the glumes and between the

Mir joints shori, glabrous; florets Date iheoaiiay the uppermost

ced. Glumes equal, broadly lanceolate, shortly acuminate,

ete membranous, 3-5-nerved. Valves move or less cqualling the

540 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [Arundo.

glumes, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, finely bifid or entire,

long hairy below, 5—9-nerved, 3 nerves more or less pereurrent or

obovoid-oblong, broad, loosely enclosed the valve and pale;

hilum a punctiform ; ; onion occupying almost wholly one side

of the gra

Saha bail creeping rhizomes, veep ge te shoots and very tall and stout

culms; leaves rather ever “A distr ributed over the culms; sheaths slightly

exceeding the internodes ; s long, broad, flat, ligules very short, mem-

branows'; panicles large, much privet spikelets h airy.

Species 1, all over the Mediterranean regions to the Himalaya; introduced

into adele and South Africa

1. A. Donax (Linn. Se Pl. 81); glabrous ; culms erect, 6-15 ft.

long, smooth, hollow, very many-noded, simple or scantily branched,

internodes slightly exceeded by the sheaths, these very tight, firm,

smooth ; blades linear-lanceolate from a broad base, oe tapering to

a very fine e point, more or less drooping, 1—2 ft. by 1-21 ., smooth ;

panicles erect, 1-2 ft. long ; branches scaberulous, erect or 1 drosptii

phe 4- 52 lin. long, light brown; glumes glabrous ; valves

3-5 lin. long; hairs 23-4 lin. long ; anthers 12 “lin. long ; se

; 874 ; rook Ie ont Ind. vii. 302. A. sativa, Lam. Fl.

Frang. iii, 616. Sie adak, me Beauv. Agrost. t. ie Bi

Expl. 11; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 357. Scolochloa Dona.

Fl. Helv. i. 202. S. arundinacea, Mert. § Koch in eae

Deutschl. Fl. i. 530.

SovutH AFrrica: without agp locality; Drége!

Coast ReGion: Riversdale Div.; Lange Bergen (?), Mund sd Maire.

pierumch ite ; by the Uwartkoe River, near P, Maré’s Farm, Ecklon

Intr

Imperfectly known species.

2. A. webbiana (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 194), dese eribed from

specimens collected by Webb in the Cape Colony and preserved

in the Lenormand Herbarium, is almost certainly a species °

Danthonia.

XL. PHRAGMITES, Trin. (partly).

Spikelets loosely 3-10-flowered, awnless, in large panicles ; rhachilla

disarticulating above the first aaa haterean the following valves,

slender, glabrous, joints very short ; lowest flower male or “abort ive,

the following hermaphrodite, the oy aes ost pic reduced. Glumes

nome unequal to subequal, lanceolate, acute, more or less rounded on

e back, 3-nerved, or the lowest sivdittonnd ns 5-nerved. Valves

ee eee

ee eae ee eee

Phragmites. } GRAMINEH (Stapf). 541

heteromorphous, the lowest linear-lanceolate, much longer than the

subtending glume, otherwise of a similar structure, quite glabrous,

persistent, the following valves very thin, linear, long and more or

less caudate-acuminate, 3-nerved, middle nerve percurrent, side-

nerves fine, short, callus long, slender, with very long silky hairs.

Pales linear-oblong, about } as long as the valves, 2-keeled.

Lodicules 2 (or sometimes 3 in the lowest floret) obovate, 9-3. nerved,

glabrous. Stamens 3, or 2 in the lowest floret. Ovary glabrous,

in the lowest flower rudimentary or quite suppressed ; bre pees

rather short; stigmas laterally exserted, densely plumose. Grai

loosely enclosed ‘by the valve and pale, free, oblong, semiteste,

hilum oblong, short basal; embryo about 4 as long as the grai

Perennials with a creeping rhizome, dieetvecsial innovation shoots, and tall

sheathed annual or ete nnial culms; blades flat; ligule a narrow, ciliate,

membranous rim ; panicle lax, usually — meee and much compound ; spikelets

conspicuously silky from the long callus hai

Species 1 (or 2, very closely allied), eae iouiigilibas

more or jis dette dense or rather lax, }—-13 ft. long (in the South

African specimens), brownish-purple or brownish- ~yellew, branched,

fascicled or the upper solitary, the longest 3-3 ft., loosely and

e r

repeatedly branched, like the ers angular and d scabrid, ultimate

branchlets more or less terete, filiform; lateral pedicels ae

1-2 lin. long, the terminal up = 4 lin. long ; spikelets 6-8 lin. long

African specimens) ; glumes 13-2} lin. and 2-3} lin.

long respectively ; lower valve blog: lites, like the following valves

=—63 lin, =< callus to 2 lin., hairs to in,; anthers about 1 lin.

long; grain 3 lin. long. Kunth, Enum. i. 251; Suppl. 198; Fl.

: Mauritiana, Kunth, Rév. Py i. "977; t 50. P. bis iciie:

ch. wo. a 8 ,

of. t. 401; Knapp, Gram. Brit, t. 95. A. vulgaris, Lam.

Prop. iii. 615.

gupta without eee locality, Mund §- Mi

no Region : Cape Div.; Muiz cane Viey, Wolley Dod, 2592! Woreester

hd between eseaislaasdat and Tulbagh, Burchell, 8642! The Straat, Drége.

‘tenhage Div.; Zwartkops River, Bcklon § Zeyher! Albany Div.; near

Streams, Grahamstown, MacOwan, 774! Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, Bawr, 923!

542 GRAMINE# (Stapf). [ Phragmites.

RAL Re@ron: Somerset Div.; near Somerset oh Cooper, -1506!

Gra Reinet Div.; banks of the Sunday River, Burchell, 2863

ARI Region: Hopetown Div.; banks of the Orange River, Burchell,

2667/3! gg io Div. 3 banks of the Ora ange River, Burchell, 1636! Orange

Free State, Cooper, 3355! Basutoland ; Leribe, Buchanan, 122! Transvaal,

near thang iene 8 aa ! '

; common hay i a8 re colony, Buchanan, 273°

at neg pond aA ‘the Uenicikela River, Drége! near Durban, Cooper, 3354:

Drége! Inanda, Umhlanga Valley, Wood, "1335! Suther ‘land !

Almost cosmopolitan.

Imperfectly known species.

2. P. nudus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 356) was described from very

imperfeet, young specimens, collected by Drege, ag ee!

s i cality. Durand & Schinz in Consp, FI. Atr, v. 876 refer

nuda to the preceding species. Nees says ee is main ‘als

Cr ciesichand by the very long hairs of the ligule.

3. P. Xenochloa = ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 196. oy:

arundinacea, Lichtenst. in Roem, & Schult. Syst. - 501).

deseription is quite insufficient to aseertain the genus; but ie is

possibly a Danthonia. It was collected by ido A in Bechuana-

XLI, LAGURUS, Linn.

Spikelets laterally eompressed, in compact veal softly villous

panicles ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, more or 0S

continued beyond the floret, terminating with or Hee nr a rudi

mentary valve. Floret 1 (very rarely 2), 2 shorter than the glumes.

Glumes subequal, very narrow, gradually attenuate into a bristle,

hyaline, plumose. Valve membranous, long acuminate, 5-nerve’s

tips 2- seem finely awned from the back; callus ainall, minutely

airy. Pale 2-nerved, somewhat shorter than the valve ” Lodicules

2, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary gees styles dist Finct, short j

sr 1, in the Medi Kaeiatientn countries.

1. L. ovatus (Linn. Spec. Pl. 81); culms eeiant suberect oF

geniculate, ascending, from a few inches to m n 1 ft. long,

very finely tomentose or pubescent (at least tei fies aatites few-

noded ; upper internodes ase i Agetinnes very long and slender +

upper tumid, lower mem ‘ious, whito

hyaline, pubescent ; blades linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, very

variable in size, from 1-7 in. by 1-7 lin., flat, soft, margins hoes

wavy; paniele oblong or ovate to globose, compact, 3-2} in, longs

branches, branchlets and pedicels puberulous or scaberulous 3 spike

Lagurus.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 543

lets imbricate, 21-3 lin. long (exclusive of the bristles) ; continuation

of rhachilla pubescent ; glumes linear-lanceolate, white, plumose

from near the base to the tips of the bristles ; valve linear-lanceolate,

long and finely acuminate in profile, 2-3 lin. long, glabrous, awne

from the middle ; awn fine, 4-8 lin. long ; anthers $ lin, long; grain

11 lin. long. Schreb. Beschr. Graes. 143, t. 19, 9, fig. 3; rie Gram.

Austr. li. t. 46; Sibth. § Sm. Fl. Grec. t. 90; Engl. Bot. 1334 ;

Beauv. Agrost. 35, t. vili. fig. 12; Kunth, Enum. 1.295 ; , Sapel Q47

Trin. Agrost. 251, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersh. sér. 6, v. "272 ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 183; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 832.

Coast Rraion: Cape Div.; Herrschel Lane, in a gravel pit, wily ey Dod,

1840! King Williamstown Div.; ; Amatola Mountains, Eavkona 27

Evidently introduced,

XLIL POLYPOGON, Desf.

Spikelets 1-flowered, in dense spike-like, often lobed, ai

Sanbouk ie from the pedicels; rhachilla disarticulating below the

-lob

glumes, very thin to hyaline, glabrous, trancate, faintly or obscurely

5-nerved, the lateral nerves shortly excurrent or evanescent within

the hyaline e tips; awn very fine, atone deciduous, subterminal,

sometimes reduced to a mucro or 0. Pale 2-keeled, slightly shorter

than the Pie rarely much shorter. Lodicules 2, delicate. Stamens

y glabrous ; ; styles distinct, very short ; stigmas laterally

exserted, necadly plu mose. (Grain oblong, subterete or slightly

grooved, enclosed by the unaltered valve and pale ; hilum short;

sre ry0 small.

nal or subperennial ; blades flat, Met ret nae sheath often tumid ; spikelets

3 lin, ting: often hidden by the num

Species t n America, 1 in peed Kr ‘bios widely dispersed over the

warm regions of both emiaperes

Awn of glumes 2-3 "hs ong; valve bie

2—4-mucronulate, ver : gti rely nerved; nik,

long as the valves or shorter orO... .. (1) monspeliensis.

Awn of glumes finely capillary, up to 1 i » Ton ong 5

b ;

fine short bristles; awn very fine, up to 5 lin. iy (2) tenuis.

tumid, glabrous, smooth ; ligules searious, oblong. aa cilio-

late te, 11 3 lin. long ; bindes linear, tapering to a eallous gee ike

Ff ; ep

teen or straw-coloured ; Gedsieton es alae numerous bra nee from

the base, scaberulous ; lateral pedicels extremely short, disarticulating

hear the base ; spi ikelets 1 lin. long; glumes subequal, linear or

oblanceolate-oblong, shortly 2-lobed or emarginate, scaberulous,

544A GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Polypogon.

it sas coa nerves very prams awn as ae as the valve or

shorter or 0 ; pale 2-toothed or s-udtiarcesabate, almost as long as the

valve; anthers }—1 lin. long; grain oblong, } lin. long, subterete or

terete, obscurely ved. Beau Agrost. 17, 8; Kunth,

num. i. 232; Suppl. 181, t. xiii. fig. 7; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr 143;

Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i.t. 31, fig. 1416; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.

402 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 184; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11. 10.

44, #126. P.m onspeliensis var. capensis, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 466.

P. polysetus, Steud. lc. 467. Phleum crinitum, Schreb. Beschr.

Graes. i. 151, ¢. 20, fig. 3; Sidth. A Sm. Fl. Gree. i. 46, A 2,

Alopecurus monspeliensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 61; Thunb. Prodr.19._ A.

paniceus, Linn. l.c. ed. ii. 90, Agrostis panicea, Ait. Hort. "eae

i. 94; Engl. Bot. t. 1704,

Sourn Arrica: without precise ime, Thunberg ! mous

Coast Region: Vanrhynsdorp Div Fah omg below ae th Use

3; Simons B

Hoogte, Hosacks Platz, and Van Kamps Bey) Ecklon,

S* Zeyher! shore near Muizenberg, Wolley Dod, 2085! Tulba oH Div. » Palbegh

Waterfall, Ecklon. dicate ghd Pst Buffeljagts River, Gill! Mosse sei Bex Div. ‘

ee uyker River and eet Burchell, 6385! Uitenhage Div.;

Zwartkops River, Ecklon. Port “Bl eibeth — v.; Port es ea Drége, B.8.C.A 1

Herb, 147! Albany Div.; Brand y Grahamsto MacOwan, 1281!

ping Williamstown Zig oe saqoee a Buchanan, 13 | “i Queenstown Div.

Zwart Kei River, Baw ff

Teeigll Wrier scans ed ; Camdeboo Mountains, Drége. Grae

Reinet Div.; banks of the S snes ay River, near Graaff Reinet, Bolus, 1

ESTERN ih ittle Namsqualued : banks of the Orange vel near

Katanart Rxciow: oe Tae West ; Griqua Town, Burchell, 1910! Orange

Free ehoshas, Comer, fpge pee

Metal a 3520!

ee common heoughot the Mediterranean region to India, introduced into

most warm countri

All the mes a goor: which I have seen, with the exception of MacGillivray ® 8

from Simon’s Bay, have the glumes more distinctly 2-lobed than is the case !

Mediterranean P. monspetienss but -~ ; same time less than in P. marit wre

They are also more ciliate, May ‘tear lready remarked, The Poly hs My

however, is on the whole ‘iad of tppiesk. P. U eentaeit iensis

2. P. tenuis (Brongn. in. Duperr. Voy. Coq 22); annual ;

culms erect or geniculately ascending, 3-2 ft. Ta ‘simple, ee

branched above the base, glabrous, anos 3- (ra rarely 4-5-)

A ; e

valve shortly 2-lobed, outer side-nerves excurrent into short fin

ee eee a ee ee I ee en eae ee ee

Polypogon.] GRAMINE (Stapf). 545

bristles, =i inner into obscure mmucres, nerves almost taspysuag

below; awn very fine, up to 5 lin. long; pale 2-toothed, * lin. lon

anthers La ae long ; grain oblong, not quite 2 lin. long, as

finely channelled. P. Adscensionis, Trin. Agrost. 257 ; Steud. Syn.

Ee |

strictus, Nees in Linnea, vii. 297 Afr. Austr. 145; Ku nth,

Enum. i. 234 ; Trin. Agrost. 255 ; pa he ‘Le. 183 ; Durand § Schinz,

1c. 826,

Coast Reeion: Cape Div.; Cape sand-dunes, Zeyher, 1805! Cape Flats,

Burke! Dorn Hoogte, Heklon, iesbeck River, Ber: gis, poses ve bine

ulbag

iv.; Witzen B tog Week Vallei, Ecklon, Caledon Div. ; near Caledon,

Thom, 852! Shien Div.; ditches near ne ficbe-ptopeln River, Beklon ! Port

Elizabeth Div. ; Port Elizabeth, Z.S.C.A. Herb. 175!

CentRaL Recion: Aliwal North Div.; in a cave on the Witte Bergen, 6000 ft.,

bye!

Ds rége’s specimens from the Witte Bergen represent a very starved state,

described by Nees as var. speleus

Also in Ascension Island.

XLUI. AGROSTIS, Linn.

Spikelets from less than 1 lin. to 2} lin. long, panicled ; rhachilla

not continued beyond the floret or produced into a care point or

short delicate bristle, aed orshortly hairy. Floret 1, $, shorter

than the glumes, Glum s equal or subequal, neually tlocoiate and

acute, rarely oblong and Shido awnless a erapi in A. polypogonoides),

m Tanous, usually l-nerved, keel Valve broadly oblong,

or obsolete, 2-nerved or nerveless. Lodicules 2, lanceolate, delicately

yaline, Stamens 3. Ova ry glabrous; styles ‘dist tinct, very short ;

stigmas plumose, lates § exsert Sa rite free, enclosed in the

Scarcely altered floret, oblong, m or less dorsally compressed,

or in front, rarely subterete ; atibeys non hilum punctiform,

, Annuals or perennials, of varying habit ; blades wey flat, often flaccid ;

igules teste aor ous; panicle usually mach Pee often delicate, more or re

Vale 5-nerved, uaa awned; awn disable very short, rarely O (in A.

verticillate, a):

Glumes

Spikelets i lin

Pan - ni ig backe ke spikelets 3-3

ong; glumes obtuse, mu-

edontals or ema pi ‘

VOL, VII, Nn

546 GRAMINE (Stapf). [ Agrostis.

Panicles very slender ; spikelets 4 lin.

long; valve with a eaaee terminal

awn ; culms 2-no (1) griquensis.

Panicle Aecripient saisbeotipled or lobed ;

spikelets 3 lin. pee valve awnless ;

ms many-n (2) verticillata.

esa! ov lax, or contracted ;

ts $-1 lin. St glumes acute... (3) bergiana.

Spikelets sont 2 lin, lon

1a ke-like, ished rhachilla_ not

Sobek. valve glabrous ; pale minute, :

nerve - Se “36 Jes ... (4) natalensis.

Panicle often with long capillary branches ;

rhachilla shortly continued, ne often

ristle; valve scantily pu-

pale 2-nerved, almost epenne

the onl i (5) barbuligera.

Glumes s mucronate or fin ely aw ned aes (UD polypogonoides.

Valve uticous or mucronate, “seually hairy,

at seat poth the side-nerves (7) lachnantha.

1. A. griquensis (Stapf in Kew Bulletin, rg 290) ; annual,

glabrous; culms geniculate-ascending, up to ong, 2-noded ;

leaf-sheaths smooth ; ; ligales 1 lin. long ie : dais very narrow,

linear, acute, 1-2 in. by 4 lin., flat, green, smooth or subscaberulous

above ; panicle erect, spike-like, very narrow, sometimes interrupted,

1-12 in. by 2 lin. sb ranches fascicled, big unequal, the longest Up

to 4 lin, long, hispidulous, branched from the base, adpressed to the

rhachis ; pedicels very short ; spikelets } 1 iin. long or slightly more,

greenish, rhachilla not produced ; glumes subequal, oblong, © obtuse oF

subemarginate, sometimes minute iy mucronate, scaberulous, margins

ciliolate, keels scabrid ; valve Pans oblong, not quite 2 lin. long;

5-nerved ; callus glabrous ; awn terminal, +—1 lin. long or less; pale

shorter by 2 mi the valve, hyaline, nerveless or almost 80 ; anthers

1 Jin. lon - abiuk ; grain narrow-oblong, deeply grooved, » lin. long;

tightly embraced ‘2 the delicate valve ‘and pale.

i we ReGion: Griqualand West, Hay Div.; at Griqua Town, Burchell

2. A. verticillata (Vill. al i Dauph. 16) ; perennial, a

1-2 ft. high; culms geniculate, ascending or erect, sometimes T ootin

Peters mony longer, ecabtid, branched ftom the base, straigh 3

very short; spikelets greenish, $ lin. long ; rheche® :

not or very obscurely produced; glumes subequal, oblong, subacute ;

— MacQwan, 1321 |

Agrostis.] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 547

or obtuse, minutely ear bapkr or emarginate, scaberulous, keels

scabrid, margins minutely ciliolate ; valve broa ly oblong, 2 li

long, truncate, minutely denticulate or ciliolate, smooth, very faintly

5-nerved, awnless ; pale almost as long as_ the valve, hyaline,

obscurely 2-nerved, obtuse, tip eonggeort: ‘anthers apiculate, 4-1 lin.

long; grain broadly obovoid, terete, 3 ein: ong. Trin. Gram. ad

§ Sesquifl. 195; Gram. Te. t. 36 ; Ayrost. 358, and in Mém

Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, ii. 370; Rei chb. Ie. - Germ. i, @.. 30,

9. 1435; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 169; Durand & Schinz, Consp.

Afr. v. a A. alba, var. wi ‘Engl. Hochgebirgsfi.

Trop Afr. 1

Oast ReGIon: Cape Div.; Wynberg Park, Wolley Dod, 1816! roadside

beyond Black River, Wolley Dod, 2200! Muizenberg Viei, Jicpee Dod, 2594!

Cape Flats, MacOwan , Herb. Aust. Afr., 1794! MacOwan, 3157.

Throughout the ahaa countries, and as a weed occasionally in other

parts of the temperate zo

3. A. bergiana (Trin. Gram. Unifl. & Sesquifi. 203); annual,

glabrous ; culms ereet or Genteulale-encemtind: ae render, y mooth or

scaberulous ; ; ligules 1-22 lin. long ; bheies very pains: linear, tabéir-

ing to a fine point, Ae in, by 2-1 lin., flat, flaccid, minute ly seaberu-

vel lon ng, glabrous, agen callus minutely bearded ; awn fine,

. 7s ie, long ; acitteied lin. long, apiculate ; grain oblong,

2 i long. ae in Linnea, vii, 296 ; Fl. Afr. Austr. 150; Kunth,

Enum. i, 221; Trin, Agrost. 363; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.i.171; Durand

§ Schinz, Ging Fl. Afr. 826. A. stolonifera, Thunb Prodr, -¥9.

A. capensis, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 467. A. Ecklonis, Trin. Lc.

364; Steud. Lc. 171; Durand ¢ Schinz, l.c. 827.

R.B, leviuseula Na sie leaves almost ager blades glaucescent, the uppe

rang mF ri ght» nel es; panicle straight, very sien long gest pepneher

wae Be a little pai 1 lin. long; pale ong as

slightly’ ta thaw ch

Bar ION: Clanwill lliam Div.; Olifants River, Ecklon. Cape mi

ills near Capetown, Thunberg ! Table Mountain, in’ moist places, Ecklon, 913 |

Burchell, 637! near Ca e Town, Burchell, 492! Drége! Ahirved. 148! evils

Div. ; in the forest of Grootvaders Busch, Burchell, 7236! Knysna Div. ;

tenberg Bay, Mund / Albany Div.; stony places near "Bothas Hill, 2000 ft.,

wn 2

548 GRAMINED (Stapf). [ Agrostis.

Eastern Reoton: Natal; Durban Flats, Buchanan! and inland, 2000 ft,

Bue fee Y

HARL Region: Var. 8; Orange Free State, Buchanan, 17!

io = St. Helena (Burchell, 39!).

4. A. gery (Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 290); perennial,

tufted, 2-3 , glabrous; culms erect, 5-6-noded, smooth ;

leaf- thexthe bot tight, smooth; ligule 3—} lin. long; blades

narrowly linear, tapering to a fine point, 3-7 in. by 3-1 lin., flat,

flaccid, minutely asperulous or almost smooth ; panicle erect, spike-

like, lobed, 4-7 in., branches in distant, very dense, oblong fascicles,

Med unequal, up to 1) lin. long, branched from the base, or the

Ww 5

he base, 4-nerved above ; ealtus sete hairy i in front ; awn straighil

eperine towards both ends , scabrid, from above the lass, 1 lin. long;

pale subquadrate, hyaline, denticulate, + 1 in, long; anthers > lin.

long, apiculate ; grain oblong, dorsally “compressed, grooved, H lin,

long.

Eastern Reaion: Natal; Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Buchanan, 159!

Allied to A. Elliotii (Hack. ) from Madagascar, but differing in having somewhat

larger spikelets, shorter and broader valve und truncate pale.

5. A. barbuligera (Stapt) 5 perennial, quite glabrous, eompaetly

tufted ; culms erect or suberect, and more or less geniculate, § sle nder,

a | much bel

base ; lower sheaths subflabellate, 1-2 in. long, finally breaking e

into fibres, Ba Sen, smooth, striate ; Yigtios searious, oblong

lower 2—4 in. long, undivided for 1~2 in. from the base ; brane se

and pedicels contracted, very fine, the ‘atten 12-3 lin long

seaberulous ; spikelets more or less tinged with purple, 2

long ; rhachilla slightly eS continuation $—5 lin. lon = some

time es

3 lin. long; awn from near the base, 31-4 lin. long, very fine, some

what flexuous ; callus small, minutely bearded ; e 13-14 deg Ams |

glabrous, keels excurrent into very short fine bristles ; anthers

long; grain linear-oblong, almost 1 lin. long.

Coast Reaion : King Williamstown Diy. ; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan, 2 :

Agrostis. } GRAMINEH (Stapf). 549

CentRaAL Reeion: Somerset Div.; on the higher rocks of Bosch Berg,

4300 ft., MacOwan, 2189!

Allied to A. continuata, Stapf, and A. Mannii, Stapf (Deyeuxia Mannii,

Hook. f.) ; the continuation of the rhachilla is in both spevies very similar to that

in A. barbuligera, except for being glabrous in A. continuata, A. Mannii, which

is more nearly allied, differs in the mode of growth and in having smaller spike-

lets and shorter panicle branches.

glaucous, scabrid, upper rather rigid ; panicle narrow, oblong, 5-7 in.

__ by 4-Lin., contracted, erect ; rhachis very slender, smooth ; branches

_ unequal, in fascicles of 5 or less, longest up to 2 in. long, undivided

for 2-9 lin., finely filiform, scaberulous; branchlets and pedicels

scabrid, the latter with thickened tips, the lateral about } lin.

long ; spikelets pallid, 13-18 lin. long; rhachilla not produced

beyond the floret ; glumes subequal, lanceolate, acute, produced into

fine fragile seabrid bristles (up to 14 lin. long), seaberulous, keel

scabrid ; valve oblong in profile, minutely 4-toothed, % lin. long,

hairy on the sides and across below the tip, 5-nerved, side-nerves

shortly excurrent, very faint below; awn capillary, seabrid, about

2 lin. long; callus glabrous; pale almost % lin. long, 2-toothed ;

anthers 2 lin. long.

Coast Region: Cape Div. ; Muizenburg Vlei, Wolley Dod, 2349!

es This species comes very near to Polypogon, the only difference being in the

4 habit, and the absence of a terminal notch in the persistent glumes.

~—4-noded ; leat-sheaths minutely scaberulous ; ligule 1-22 lin. long ;

blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 14-8 in. by 1-2 lin., green

or subglaucous, flat, flaccid, scaberulous on both sides; panicle con-

eS. , ow, 2-12 in. long, ereet, branches very unequal, in

distant fascicles, the longest up to 4 in., or all very short, capillary,

erect or flexuous, scabrid, branched from the base or the longer

_ “emetimes mucronate ; callus scantily bearded ; pale 3—3 lin. long;

—iuthers 3 lin. long; grain oblong, 3 lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl.

— Glum. 1. 173; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. A : 828.

A. N eesit, Trin. Agrost. 361 ; Steud. lc. 170; Durand § Schinz, nes

528. A, vestita, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. it. 401 ; Steud.

550 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Agrostis.

lc. 173; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 297; Engl. mebal sa

Trop. Afr. 128; Durand & Schinz, l.c. 829. ‘A. dre regeana, Steud.

173; Durand & Schinz, l.c. 827 ( from the description). aaa

lachnanthum, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 148. P. angustum, Nees, l.c.

147.

Coast ReGion: Cape Div.; Newlands, in a dry pond Wolley Dod, 3559! |

Liesbeck River, Bergius; about the ponds at Salt River, Burchell, 681 ! Tulbagh

Div. ; Tulb: bug Plesoest th Ecklon. Uitenhage Div.; in stagnant water by the

Zwartkops R Ecklon; between Sunday River and Coega River, Drége

Albany Div. ; pe Mv on the banks of streams, MacOwan, 1846! Catheart

iv.; bet O: i Zwart i 3500

Dyrége ! Queenstown Div.; near Shiloh, 3500 Fag Baur, 113

Pi aL Reaion; Graaff Reinet Div.; the Sneeuw. i — ft.,

olus, fea Aliwal North Div.; Witte Ber, jes, in a cave, 6000 ft

Western Reaion: Little Nemagualan ion, ‘Batfels (Kousies) River ’

and Patek Kloof, 200-3000 t., Dré

ALAHARI REGION ; Griqualand West, Hay Div.; at Griqua Town, Burchell,

oil 1944! Orange Free State ; Drakens Bergen, near Harrismith, Buchanan,

as AstERN Recion: Natal; Umpumulo, 2000 ft., common by streamlets, |

Buchanan, 280! Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan, 286!

Abyssinia.

A very variable ean, so far as vo 2 peal areconcerned. Drége’s = imens

from the Witte Bergen were collec a cave, and represent an extre

shade

form. They have been Seaccibed iy "Nees (FL Afr. Austr. 148) as Podloxsimt

lachnanthum, var. humile.

A. gymnostyla, Steud. — Pl. Glum. i. 170 (Podosemum gymno ostylum,

Nees, Ind. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. 1850, and in Linngwa, xxiv. 236. Mii ishlenberavé

gymnostyla, Walp. Ann. ili. o 3), is in dicated by Stendel from the Cape of & aa

ope; but it was described from a cultivated specimen n of unknown origin, het

Fenzl in Ind. Sem. Hort. Vi nao. 1850, says it is identical with Cin

mexicana, Beauv.

XLIV. CALAMAGROSTIS, Roth.

Spikelets very narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, in contracted —

divided panicles ; thachilla disarticulating aloe = glumes, ota

very sein continued beyond the floret. Floret1, 3, much sho

lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, pee lower 1-, upper Sail:

Nias shortly bifid, 5-3-nerveil with a fine short “dorsal, rarely sub-

Helge awn; callus small, long hairy, hairs usually much exceeding

valve. a e 2-nerved, as long as the valve or somewhat eae

Lodicale 3 2, hyaline. Anthers 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles oa

short ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by ae

hardly changed valve and pale, free, subterete ; hilum basal, sm»

embryo small. |

Perennial, usual ther flat; li les seario

nic ie ora a les “4 ontrasted marty Othe tee ae ‘mo ch ee beaches

ine short brane hlets and pedicels; florets surrounded by long fine hairs.

occ on in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere 5,

South Atr

Calamagrostis. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 551

1. C. epigeios (Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. i. 34) var. capensis gee

culms tufted on a creeping rhizome, erect, rather stout, 2-3 ft.

i 3

tapering to a setaceous a up to more 7 1 y 3-24 lin,

ow, 5-6 in, qr erect ; ‘ache teeahe scabrid ; branches

fascicled, erect or the lower suberect, closely and repeatedly branched,

lowest almost to 2 in. long; branchlets and pedicels filiform, very

short, scabrid; spikelets pallid, straw-coloured, ne appt case

very aay 3-31 lin. long; eer subequa

from 3 to way 0 whe ove the base, 11-14 lin oe callus hairs 2 lin.

long ; ‘pale 3—¢ lin. a ng; an mihiers 378 lin. long. C. ig a

A 831 (ons ,

Coast io larg lendam Div.; on mountains, Krebs!

rapes “ng : Aliwal North "ihidea at the foot of the Witte Bergen,

4500-5000 iene !

meee ae REGION : Griqualand West, Hay Div.; at Griqua Town, Burchell,

-26

v2)

is}

pats

)

apex of the r achilla is pi discernible as a very minute point at the base

of the pale in the European specimens ; but I have never seen it produced and

hairy as in the South Afriean variety.

XLV. ARISTIDA, Linn.

A se 1-flowered, narrow, panicled, rhachilla hepertrns

ve the epee th t produced. eaboizs asually persistent, narrow,

1-8-nery ed, muticous or e, awnless, Valu we rage

i Ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, short ; stigmas

aterally exserted. Grain slender, cylindric or oblong-cy lindrie,

552 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Aristida.

terete, sometimes grooved, tightly embraced by the valve; hilum

linear, almost as long as the grain ; embryo short or long.

igen or more often phate nial, tufted, psa with more or less wiry culms;

bl xies ually wie pap ligule usually a line of very short oo 3

panicle Sahee ‘en cates -like to effuse

Numerous agp in the dry ie warm regions of both hemispheres.

Sec Cu Awns continuous with the valve, or articulated just

below their te gait but not desis glabrous; glumes 1-nerved.

*Awns paises cat wit valve

ual (at least in the Soath ‘Aion sciesinscsih

vale as in profile, Peto gia above, not

pert d ; apn +. a ... (1) Adscensionis.

Perennial ; ore or Rerrs cylindrical,

narrow cai in oo and

usually twisted beaks poli 1-3 Tin.

Panicle contr rrow ee re.

2-toothe — awns suberect, :

10-15 lin, ong (2) equiglumis.

ir sone awns more or less

Calis ies aor 5-6 lin.

ong; valve exserted from the

hoetly mueronate glumes ;

n 5-7 lin. long (3) angustata.

Cus distinctly compressed

below ;_ spike 34-14 lin

lon ay valve geo ex xsert

from the long poner

aristulate glumes 3; awn 7-1 f 5

lin mn (4) junciformis.

Culms with pie A ‘adpress ool

below the nodes, sor stout ; Scale

1-1} ft. long ... (5) Seiurus.

Panicle pet. lax ; ‘branches 3-6 in. lon ng:

Blades 8-12 in. long ; branchlets of

nice depttiad, flexuous; spikelets

ms age gam nodding ; awns ¢

(6) Burkei.

Bias rs in. . Tong 5 spikelets 3-4 lin,

med 1-3 at the tips of regh divari- : :

branchlets; awns 4 lin. long ... (7) bipartita.

**Awns netienlated ‘with ee valve ree below their

bran wgg Ah not deciduous; perennial :

ed at the mouth: panicle simply

spike-like or with 12 — led sear

false spikes at ion _ (8) congests-

hs bea outh ; panicle com posed

‘ot a long) petunclot false — ovate to (9 collis.

‘ ) b

THRATHERUM. Ans dinatinalssing hace the a n aiatiuclls

ont pr sai — 1-ne

Panicle usually contracted ; — Bere ee

filiform, short ; yo ers s up to 10 (ex-

clusive of ~ ae erate eatiaetina: fe of awn

8-20 lin. lor : .. (10) sieberiana.

Aristida. | GRAMINER (Stapf). 553

Panicle efluse or contracted ; branchlets and pedicels

very OH long; spikelets 5-8 lin. long (exclusive !

the awns); glumes not aristulate; foot o

1-6 lin. lon

ng:

Ligule a sre of —. —s hairs ; coro 3-6 in,

long ; lower branches 14-3 i n. long ; foot of

awn 1-2 i lin n. lon oat . (11) vestita.

Ligule a M apiig or less woolly fringe; ‘panicle

up to 14 ft. long, very effuse ; ny

branches 1-8 in. long ; foot of awn 24-6 li

lon

Bivens subequal ; foot of awn 2} lin. long... (12) spectabilis.

Glumes very ‘unequal 5 foot of awn vie lin.

long ... mw .. (13) stipoides.

Section 3. aor Awns nearly always orgs cae from the

valve or together with ‘he ini part of ~ at Babe 0. 14. A. sericans), all

or only the middle | bristle plumose ; glumes

Awn continuous with the re the whole men

more or less hair . (14) sericans.

Awn disarticulating :

*Valve ato 4 —_— into the aw

Glum -oblong, pene ate ;

sects long pao at the mouth and

the nodes (15) ciliata,

Glumes linear-lanc ceolat e, acumin: nate, tips

minutely truncate, — alo te :

ist — of the plu

tenlity diserticnlating with

ye tip of the Papi, densely

: bla 1 ft, long or

nger (16) capensis.

Awn readily deciduons with the

upper half of the valve : :

uffrutescent ; spikelets 6-7 lin.

lon 3 bristle 9-12

lin. . (17) namaquensis.

Not rn ; spikelets up

to 4 He. — middle bristle

. (18), proxima.

Side-bristles ie aia "sparingly ‘and ad-

pressedly ron et Palen

pungent, 1-3 vf rt

— hooks pvt Arr ined

(19) lutescens.

emit minutely and. ‘obtusely 2-lobed ; awn from

genes glume rather longer t upper,

tufted, with 1-noed very

ene sh 1-12 in. hi

ore panicles 1-6 ‘in. long, ex-

és the leaf-tu - | ) obtusa,

printers ee 2 1 in. high, inclusive o

the very redaced pattie 21) subacaalis.

Lower iccigg shorter than pg

e narrow, rather lax, but not

‘pike tiki

Culms —— ft. long, 4-noded;

blades up to 4 ft, long; panicle

554 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Aristida.

3-8 in. long ; awn plumose from

below the Germaine point . (22) uniplumis.

Culms 3 ft. longs sine blades

icle

sie idl awn plamose in the

as . (23) dregeana.

Tisicts spike like

Culms up to $ 5 | ft. long internodes

ver. unequa pair of sub-

opposite leaves aioe the middle ;

panicle hair (24) geminifolia.

ees : internodes rey

any, subequal upper

gradtally Tonger pail pea

. (25) brevifolia.

1. A. Adscensionis (Linn. Sp. Pl. 82); annual or occasionally

perennial with an oblique msi glabrous ; culms tufted, geniculately

ascending, slender, from a few inches to 2 ft. long, usually branched

)

long exserted; sheaths tight, rather ~ smooth ; ligule a line o

short hairs ; blades very narrow, linear, tapering to a very fine point,

1-9 in. long, up to 1 lin. broad, convolute, rarely flat, smooth below,

scabrid above and on the m argins ; panicle linear, spike-like, usually

interrupted or oblong and more or less lax, rigid or flaceid ; branches

single or 2-nate, unequal, branched from the base or simple to the

middle, erect or nodding or flexuous, filiform, scabrid, lateral

pedicels short ; spikelets 3-5 lin. long, often purplish ; glumes linear

to linear-lanceolate, acute or subobtuse, 1-nerved, the lower 2-3} lin.,

the upper 3-42 lin. "long, sometimes mucronate ; ‘valve linear, laterally

compressed, as long as the upper glume or ‘slightly pa a rarely

shorter, scabrid along the keel and the outer nerve, otherwi mooth

or seabrid, particularly below the straight tip ; callus 4 lin. inet awn

6-9 lin. long, rarely shorter (down to 4 lin.) or longer (up to 1 in.),

diverging, continuous with the valve, the lateral sorsowhat shorter ;

pale obtuse, less than 3 lin. long; lodicules similar to the pale,

3-5-nerved, 2 11 Jin. long; anthers a tin: long ; grain almost as long aS

the valve. Brongn. in Duperr. oy. Cog. 3; Kunth, Enum.

i. 190; Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 138; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 139;

Baker, Fl. Maurit. 450; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 7995

k. f. Flor. Brit: Ind. vii. 224. . paniculata, Forsk. Fi.

Aegypt.-Arab. 25 (4). A.americana, Linn. in. Amoen. Acad. V- 393,

not Swartz. A. gigantea, Linn. f. Suppl. Lis 2. depresea, Retz. Obs.

iv. 22. A. corulescens, Desf. Fl. Atlant. i. 109, t. 21, fig. 2; Schum-

§ Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 47 ; Trin. Spec. Gram. Ie. t. 313. A.

interrupta, Cav. Ic. v. 45, t. 471, fig. 2. A. dase Cav. Ie. vi. 69,

t. 589, fig. 1. A. canariensis, Willd. Enum. 99, A. humilis, A.

ecgaarey and A, coarctata, H. B.K. Nov. in. et. Spec. i. 14 21,

12 . divaricata, Jacq. Ecl. Gram. 7, t. 6, not Willd. A

pian. Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 61; 265, t. 44 ; Trin. §° Rupr

Stip. 189, A. setacea, Trin. Gram. Gen. 84, not Retz. A. nigrescens,

Presl, Relig. Haenk, i, 223. A. cognata and A, dispersa, Trin. 5

Aristida. ] GRAMINES (Stapf). 555

Rupr. Stip.127 and 129. A. Wee Hochst. § Steud. ge ie

ec Trin. §& Rupr. lc. 129. A. laxa, Willd. (not Cav.) ex

Rupr. Le. 180. A. vulgaris, Trin. § Rupr. lc. 181-136 ere vars.

ethiopica, senegalensis, Ehrenbergii, spieigera). A. nutans, Ehren

§ Hempr. ex Trin. §& Rupr. le. 135, A. pusilla, Trin. § Rupr.

Le. 140; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. Pans Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl.

Ajr. v.807, A. swartziana, A. ritima, A. nana, A. ‘arabica, A.

tenuiflora, A. modatica, A. danptteleteas teud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i.

7-139. A cheetophylla and A. Tene fe, ie d. le, 420. 0-

chloa, Hochst. in faa 1855, 200. A. vulpioides, Hance in Ann. Se.

Nat. sér. 5, v. 25 4. Heymanné, er “" Act. Hort. phe vii.

(1880) 649. ee ascensionis, C. canariensis, C. cerulescens,

C. depressa, C. elatior, C. gigantea, and C. suai, Beauv.

Agrost, 30, es hamslie, C. bromoides and C. coarctata, Roem

Schult. Syst. . 396. C. nana, Nees ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, i. 340.

C. mauritiana, ie Fl. Afr. Austr. 188.

AST pean: Uitenhage Div.; near Uitenhage, Zeyher! Steenboks Flats,

Beklon & Zeyher

Centra, pia : Ceres Div.; at Yuk River, near Yuk River Hoogte,

Burchell, 1266! i Div. ; ae 149! Graaff Reinet Div. s stony hills

near the Sunday River, 1500-2000 ft., Drége ! mountain sides near Graaff Reinet,

2900 ft., Bolus, 678! Calvinia Diy.; between Lo a Plaats and Springbok

Kuil, Zeyher, 1817! A — Div., Cooper, 778! 1364!

WEsTtERN ReEGIon: Little "Namaqu aland; between Holgat River sg

Fig River, Drage ! between Buffels River and Silver Fontein, 2000 f

ew ARI Region: Griqualand West, Hay Div.; between the Kloof

‘tts « an a Witte Water, Burchell, 2083! between Witte Water and Riet

Fontein, Burchell, 2006 ! Orange Free State; between Kimberley and Bloem-

fontein, Buchanan, 283

Common in most fe and hot countries.

_ Drage’s i m Little Namaqualand represent Nees’s Chetaria mauri-

- nana (A rte dae tis Steud.). I consider them only as very dwarfed

pase of this specie

t ,

nodes exserted; ‘sheaths very tight throughout, smooth ; aretin a

minutely ciliolate rim; blades setaceously convolute, fine, 2-4 in

long, firm, strongly curved, smooth below, minutely puberulous on

the upper surface, margins s scabri id; panicle ’linear-oblon ng, contracted,

or somewhat open and lax, 3-4 in. ‘Jong ; ; rhachis filiform, smooth or

subse aberulous ; branches remotely 2- or 3-nate, or = upper solitary,

owe ae oblique, longest up more than 2 in. g and sparsely

divided from the middle, the others almost a subeapillary,

Scaberulous; branches 1-3-spiculate; lateral icels very short ;

spikelets oe or tinged with purple, 4-5 lin. long; glumes

“qual or subequal, lanceolate-linear, shortly mucronate from the

uinutely 2-toothed tips, l-nerved ; valve linear-convolute, 3} lin.

556 GRAMINE& (Stapf). [ Aristida,

long, produced into an often slightly exserted and more or less

twisted almost solid scabrid beak, minutely scaberulous below it,

violet; awns continuous with the valve, capillary, suberect,

scaberulous, about 10-15 lin. long; pale oblong, acute, slightly over

2 lin. long ; lodicules about as long as the pale.

Katanari ReGion: Transvaal; Pretoria Distr., at Kudus Poort, Rehmann,

4696! Klip Spruit, Nelson, 96* !

branched, wiry, 1-11 ft. long, about 3-noded, internodes exserted ;

sheaths very tight, often sligntly widened at the base, the lower

sometimes woolly ; blades setaceously convolute, rather ‘fine, up to

8 ft. long, curved or flexuous, smooth below, densely pubescent

or hispidulous and almost white above ; panicle very narrow, often

spike-like, 2-4 in. long; rhachis straight or flexuous ; branches solitary,

the longest up to 1+ in. long, scantily branched ; branchlets filiform ;

lateral pedicels very short; spikelets yellowish, 41-51 lin. long;

glumes unequal, oblong-linear, usually shortly mucronate, the lower

2-81 lin. long, acute, the upper about 4 lin. long, acute or minutely

truncate ; valve linear, convolute, produced into a short or usually

more or less twisted), scaberulous below the beak ; callus 2 lin. long;

awns continuous with the valve, divaricate 5-7 lin. long, fine ; pale

hyaline, 2 lin. long ; lodieules 5-nerved, Z lin. long ; an nthers "14-2

lin, long, not apiculate,

Coast Region: Cape ; between Newlands and Clairmont, Bat ey Dod,

2387! Sand Road near Clairmont Wolley Dod, 2388! Tulbagh Div.; Tulbagh,

Schlechter, 7509! orcester Div.; mountains chess: “Worcester

Rehman, seal 587! 2667! Cathcart Div. ; Windvogel Mountain, 3500 ft

Baur

searesante ReGion: Transvaal; Magalies Berg, E.S.C.A. Herb. 304! Hol

Fontein, Nelson, 79*! Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5667! Bosch Veld, between the

Elands River and Klippan, Rehmann, 5112!

4. A. junciformis (Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 143); perennial, loosely

exspitose, sometimes stoloniferous; rhizome slender, 0 oblique oF

ereeping, covered like the innovation-buds with imbricate short

ovate acute or pungent scales ; culms fascicled, erect, 1— 1; ft. long,

villous ; blades very narrow, gradu passing i aie Ona

eubsetaceous, acute, up to 1 ft. long, rigid, convolute or eyaen below,

curved or flex xuous, smooth below, minutely scaberulou s above;

cle narrow, 2-6 ’

branches fascicled, erect, flexuous o or psn YF the lowest +2 in

Aristida. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 557

scaberulous ; ; lateral pedicels short or almost 0; spikelets a green

to yellowish, 2-3 near the tips of the branchlets 31-41 lin. long;

glumes un nequal, thin, acute or subacute, l-nerve ; nerve eae

long, the upper sublinear; pon linear, convolute, produced into a

short slightly twisted beak, s long as the upper glume, smooth or

scaberulous below the beak ; eee “obtuse ; awns continuous with the

valve, very fine, 7-15 lin. long ; pale = lin, long; lodicules delicate,

lanceolate, over 1 lin. long; anthers 1 lin. long, not apiculate.

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 140; Durand §& Schinz, Consp. Fl, Afr. v

804.

KALanarti REGION: Orange Free State, pag 67!

JASTERN REGION: Natal; coast land to 1000 ft SF gieedcohs Mohlamba

0CO-6000 f 1y e Mooi River, Reimann,

7342 ; near Durban, Williamso on, 34! Plant, 6L! sg isha precise locality,

Buchanan, 1! 289! Drége, 4349 in the Liibeck He tb,!

ad)

“S

s§¢

~ AE

a wae

ied

wot y

A. Sciurus (Stapf) ; culms rather stout, over 3 ft. long, with a

fugacious show-white adpressed woolly indumentum below the

involute or setaceously convolute above, over 1 ft. long, 2 lin. broad

near the base, smoot below, asperulous above ; panicle one

dense, 1-12 ft. b 1-11 in., erect; rhachis rather stout, smoot

branches faseicled, the lowest up to 2 ft. long, erect, remotely as

obgubenis 5-6 lin. long, very slender; glumes very unequal, sent

thin, minutely truncate _ 2-toothed ‘(when expanded), the low

lanceolate- -oblong, acute, 2 Sie long, the upper linear-oblong, 5—6 Tin,

ong; valve linear, 4-5 lin. long, obscurely beaked, beak straight ;

callus very short ; _— oniiviaien: with the valve, fine, oe

7-8 lin. Jon ng; pale lin. long; lodicules few-nerved, 3 lin. long ;

anthers 3 lin. long, “is minutely apiculate.

Kat aan REGIoN: Transvaal; Zebedelis Kraal, near the Inkumpi River,

Tite 26%!

Eastern Region : : Natal; without precise locality, Gerrard, 471!

Similar to A, setacea, Retz., and A. multieaulis, Baker, but differing from both

in the woolly, rather stout, a wiry and apparently simple culms and in the

Woolly hgules.

6. A. Burkei (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted, glabrous; culms ra ther

slender, erect, 2 ft. long, wiry, smooth, 2-noded, sheathed from the

lower node to the panicle ; sheaths firm, tight ; ligule a line of very

short hairs or the lowest a tuft of wool ; _— coarsely setaceous,

involute, 3~l ft. long, firm, curved or flex the uppermost

exceeding the panicle, smooth below ; panicle abou $ ft. by 2 ft.,

Very lax ; rhachis s mooth ; branches distant, 2_3-nate, up to 6 in,

long, scantily and remotely branched, filiform, scaberulous or smooth

below ; ; branchlets capillary, flexnoian: ; pedicels as long as the spike-

558 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Aristida,

lets or shorter; spikelets yellowish, secund, often nodding, 5-6 lin.

long; glumes iis her firm, rounded at the tuk, obtuse or emarginate,

not mucronate, the upper twice as long as the lower; valve linear,

produced into a short slightly twisted — smooth, somewhat

exceeding the upper saa callus 2 lin. long ; awns continuous with

the valve, up to 1 in, long, fine; pale broad, 4 lin. long, 2-nerved ;

lodicules 2 lin. long ; ‘anthers 2 lin. long, cells apiculate.

Katawari Recion : aa Free State; near the Vaal River, Burke, 169!

near Hoopstad, Grindon Her

7. A. bipartita (Rupr. & Trin. Stip. 144) ; perennial, light green to

glaucous ; Diesen short, oblique with compact tufts of short barren

shoots and culms, these erect or ascending

below the nodes, about 3-noded; basal sheaths short, compressed,

firm, persistent, whitish, the upper widened and loose in the upper

part, at length open, smooth or bearded at the mouth ; blades very

narrow . linear, acute, 1-4 in. by 1 lin, rigid, curved, "folded, ee

. bY

1-3-spiculate at the tips, filiform, straight or flexuous, scabrid ; latera

pedicels very short ; spikelets 3-4 lin. long, sometimes purplish ;

glumes subequal, linear- hcetets, abruptly and shortly mincrone

or the upper emarginate; valve linear, not or obscurely beaked, a

long as the glumes or slightly shorter, smooth or finely Pisces or

above, purplish ; callus 1 lin. long; awns continuous with the vaiv®,

subequal, divaricate, 4 lin. long; pale 2 lin. long, shortly 2-nerved 5

a up to 3 lin. long, 3- grt ved; anthers 1-2 lin. long. ewd.

. Glum. i. 140; Dura nd Sching, ie Fl. Afr. v. 801.

Paar bipartita, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

Sourm AFRICa: without precise ie 1810

oast Recion: Fort Beaufort Div.; Kat River, Dr ity

CENTRAL Pecita: Somerset Div. ; Bowker 6!

1 Re@ron: Orange Free e; Vaal eng Erte 430! Bloem-

—— Rehmann, 3736! facitotand: Leribe, Buchan

stern REGion : Natal; Biggars Berg, iienens 7108!

8. ngesta (Roem. et Schult. Syst. ii. 401); perennial,

tufted, tight green or glaucous, glabrous ; culms slender, ‘vather wiry;

erect or geniculately ascending, compressed below, 1-2 ft. lo

simple or branched from some of the lower nodes, 3—-4- noded ; sheaths

tight, smooth ; blades usually very narrow, linear, acute, 1-6 in. by

1 lin., rarely larger, usually folded or convolute, rigid, curve ed, rarely

flat, smooth below, seabrid to hispidulous above; panicle spike-like,

often interrupted, with 1-2 shortly peduncled, more or less spre reading

lateral pseudo-spikes, 2-6 in. long; pedicels very short; spikelets

densely crowded, 33—4 lin., rarely up to 5 lin. long; glumes” keeled,

keels smooth or almost so, the lower lanceolate, gradually

Aristida. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 559

into a ng mucro, 3 lin. long, the upper linear, emarginate, long

mucronate, 3}—5 lin. long; valve linear, produced into a short

twisted beak, usually slightly deat than the upper glume, minutely

scaberulous above ; callus 2 lin. long; awns jointed with the valves,

bi not disarticulating, diverging, fine, 5-7 lin. long ; pale not quite

z lin. long, nerveless or almost so; lodicules as lin. long, 5-6-

nerved ; anthers $ lin. long; grain o 18 long, deeply

grooved. Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. t. 172; Enum. i. ; Suppl.

152; Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 153; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 142;

Durand f aos: Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 802 ; Hack. in Bull. Herb.

Boiss. iv. App. iii. 18. A. coarctata, Lichtenst. ex Roem. § Schult.

lec. 401. Cheetaria congesta, Nezs, Fl. Afr. Austi

Sourm AFRIcA: nme precise pepraene Zeyher, 1818!

Coast REGron : Uitenhage Div. ; Steenboks Flats, Ecklon 5; Zeyher ! Kom-

gha Div.; Kei River, 500 ft, Droge. Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, Bawr, 55!

Wodehouse Div. ; Indwe, Baur,

CENTRAL ReGion: Somerset oa ; Bowker, 184! 148! oer Reinet Div. ;

near Graaff Keinet, 2900 ft., Bolus, 679! Colesberg Div. ; r Oolesberg, in

crevices of rocks, 4500 ft., Drege ! ‘Shaw, 16! Albert £ Dives without precise

ESTERN REGION : Great Namaqualand; Gubub, Schinz, 657! Warmbad,

Wandres, 19!

Katanart Recion: Prieska Div. ; near Keikams Poort, ede 1612!

Griqualand West, Hay Div.; Witte Water ” Lichtenstain, betw n Griqua atown

49! Bee

land; Mar 96! Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Atherstone ! Bosch Veld,

ef the Elands joa Rehmann, 4999 ! Pretoria Div., at Kameel Poort, Welson,

oes Region: Natal, Buchanan, 124!

ve;

flexuous, smooth ; branches solitary, distant, filiform, spreading,

flexuous or straight, seaberulous, dense, spike-like from 1—1} in. above

the base; pedicels very short ; spikelets 32 lin. long ; glumes keeled,

the lower lanceolate, shortly mucronate, 2 lin. long, keels smooth or

scabrid, the upper linear, emarginate, mucronate, 32 lin. long ; valve

‘Near, produced into a short, stout, tightly twi isted beak, somewhat

shorter than the upper glume, minutely scaberulous gr the beak ;

callus than 3 lin. long; awns jointed with the valve, not

disarticulating, fine, 5-9 lin. long ; ae LE denlan ii and grain

560 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Aristida.

as in. A. congesta, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.i. 141; Durand & Schinz,

a Fl. Afr. v. 800. Chetaria Forskolii, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr.

ast ReGion: Cape Div.; Cape Flats, — oe Schlechter, 492!

Uitenhage Div., Zeyher! Ecklon. Alexandri Enon, 1500-2000 ft.,

Drége, 388! B athurst Div. ; Port Alfred, Fun] ! sods Beaufort Div.; aegis

the Kunab River and the Kat River, "Droge ; between Hermanns Kra and

Beautort Castle, Bedi: Komgha Div.; on the Kei River, 500 ft., oan

in, 2335!

Centrat Region: Prince Albert Div.; by the Gamka River, near Welte-

vrede, 2500-3000 ft., Drége! Graaff Reinet Div.; near the Sunday River,

sentir Prat Ad ! near Graaff Reinet, 2900 ft., Bolus, 677!

"Kat Transvaal ; Lydenburg, Atherstone ! Orange Free State;

without p proce locality Buchanan,

Bas : Natal; near Durban, Williamson! near Tugela, 4000 ft.,

prise 290! Wood, 3588 ! near Colenso, 3000 ft., Wood, 4418! Umsinga

and base of Biggars Berg, Buchanan, 90! and without precise locality,

sts as

to A. congesta, but the branches of the panicle are more numerou

Ne fonger,¢ the spikelets a little larger, and the mouth of the sheaths is distinctly

bear the beards sometimes uniting into a ring at the junction of the blade

and ie ‘shea th.

10. A. sieberiana (Trin. in Spreng. Neue Entdec 61);

perennial, glabrous ; rhizome short, slender, oblique ; ohne Pa

erect and “simple or branched and geniculate, +3 ft. long, as

lower at length slipping from the stem and going; in, smooth ; hale

arrow, linear, acute, 4-6 in. by 1 lin., convolute, sinciktl below,

seaberalous to hicpiatius above; "panic usually contracted, narrow,

6-8 in. long, rarely open and secund ; rhachis straight or somewhat

flexuous ; branches solitary, 2-nate or fascicled, all or some a ed

from the base, some undivided for 4-11 in, the longest 23 in. long;

branchlets short, filiform, scaberulous ; lateral pedicels short ; spike-

lets pallid or purplish very narrow, up to 10 lin. long; glumes

unequal, very narrow, the lower sublinear, about 5 lin. long, passing

into a fine Ceiatla, ee upper linear, bifid, with a bristle 3-4 lin

long from the sinus, lobes fine; valve teas smooth or almost 89

4—5 lin. long; callus slender, 12 lin. long; awn stipitate, foot

slender, twisted, 8-12 lin. long ; 4 bristles fine, 2-24 lin. long ; pale

& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 808. Chetaria sieberiana, Roem. &

Schult. Syst. ii. Mant, iii. 578.

Kat on: Transvaal; Klip —_— Nelson, 103*! Bosch Veld,

between Elands abl cat Klippan, Rabin ¢ BLL

ASTERN ReGion: Delagoa Bay, Mrs. sneer

Also in Kordofan and in Southern Palestine.

A variety with a much longer foot to the awn, occurs in Nubia, and another

with a still longer foot, in German South-west Africa (A. stipitata, Hack. ):

Aristida.) GRAMINE® (Stapf). 561

1. A. vestita (Thunb. Prod. Cap. 19); perennial, light green to

renter rhizome very short, with dense tufts of barren shoots and

culms, the latter erect, 1-2 ft. high, simple, 2-1-noded, terete, wiry,

eohaee. smooth ; sheaths tight, smooth, scarcely striate, glabrous or

the lower more or less covere with a very fugacious wool ; ligule a

inches to more than 1 ft. by scarcely 1 lin. when expanded, rigid,

curved or flexuous Meee smoot ip ow, seabrid to hisp idulous

above; panicle effuse or contracted, 3-6 in. by 2-5 in.; rhachis

strict or flexuous; lower branches Q- 3. -nate 5-8 in. long, usually

spreading, sparingly and remotely branched ; branchlets very flexuous,

filiform i capillary, scaberulous ; pedicels very fine, the longest

equalling the spikelets; spikelets often secund, nodding, agg nk

rarely purplish, 5-6 lin + tong § glumes rather firm, rounded at the

back, obtuse or more or loss 2 “toothed, the lower linear- penal oe ut

2 the length of the upper or less, this narrow lan ceolate- linear,

5 lin. long ; valve linear, 41-5! lin. long, not beaked, scaberulous

from the middle or almost smooth ; callus } lin, ae ; awn disar-

ticulating from the valve, stipitate, foot i 21 lin _ long, twisted,

bristles divaricate or the interal upright, 2-1 in, long; pale broad,

y lin. long ; lodicules 2—5 lin, long, finely nerved ; anthers 2+ lin.

Le,

Ayrost. 30. “Art thratherum Hystriz, Nees in Linnea, vil. .

lanuginosum, Burch. lc. 612 (index), A. vestitum, Nees, Fl. Afr.

ustr, 17-4.

ie parviflora (Trin. & Rupr. le. 158); culms branched with several

naked wiry internodes below ; blidon finer than in the type, alg oi

hed contracted, very narrow; spikelets 5 lin. long; valve 34 lin. lon

Var.

usnall Vv

Var. +, schraderiana (Trin, & Rupr. le. 158) ; spikelets 7~8 lin. long ; valve

7 Wa; foot of awn 1-2 lin., bristles 1}-12 in.

any art ves : bya er Thunberg ! ! Boivin! Zeyher, 1811!

ease Cape Diy ; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 976! Swellendam Div. ;

: reede River and y Aerie Hinde River, Burchell, 7491! Uite: thage

WV. 5 near the Zwartkops River, 50-500 ft. , Zeyher, 4504! Ecklon ; between

- and Koega River, Drége. i

¥ Windvogel Berg. Pay 0 ft., Dre n Div. ; Engotini

. ége. Quee ig ,

ied Shiloh, 3500 ft., Baur, 964! between the Klipplats gies pee the Zwart

ve re inte Hincliams Nek, near Queenstown, 4009 ft., Galpin, 2383!

Di ! t Eli beth Div. 3 ; hear

Port Blizabere, ESC. a en Harvey, 153! Port iza

Rie REGION ; Prince A sine. Div.; near Senet say the Gamka

Di? 2300 ft., Dréye! near Klaarstroom, 2300-3000 fs., Drége. _ Aberdeen

2000. oe 2500-3000 ft., Dréve. Somerset Div.; Little Fish Riv

¥OL Yay » Drége, Blyde: River,. Bur: chell, 2978! Graaff — — ; hill.

IT,

562 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Aristidd.

sides near Graaff Reinet, 2500-2700 ft., Bolus, 459! Colesberg Div. PO

Shaw, 22! Albert Div.; near ae in the Klein Buffel Valei, 4500-5000

Drege. tam Cooper, 3372

WesTERN Reeion : Var. B: Little iedesapeabical Silver Fontein, near Ookiep,

Katanart REG ualand West, Hay ; Griqua Town, Burchell,

1842! 1917! Aiba Mountains, at the Kloof Villees, Burchell, 2038! Basuto-

Jand ; Leribe, ao anan, 124! Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Atherstone!

Potgeiters Rust, near the Nylst room, ale , BBY! Bosh _— between Elands

‘River and Klippan, Raman, 5124! Apies River, Nelson, 5*

Also i in Hereroland.

Trinius and Ruprecht, l.c., distinguished 7 varieties (diffusa, densa, ecklonia

schr ihe perritors brevi ss ager and koa -h i ada of these, only the

2 abov Tee mibed a = ko me fair ee characte

ribin is A. a Neen ov equal glumes, was misled

Thu n des ng h

by the pike splitting of the ed ohanle into 2 aout halves, whilst the upper

lume is in most of the spikelets of his specimens so tightly rolled round the

floret that it — as the lower = rt of it

ee upper ‘surface, side w, glabrous; panicle oblong or ovate,

lax, open, nodding, up to 1 ft. Jong; rhachis Mgt slender, smooth ;

branches distantly 2-nate or solitary, lowest to 8 in. long,

obliquely spreading, remotely and _ repeatedly Lexus filiform,

seaberulous ; branchlets and aati eal flexuous, the latter

to)

ar.

— not beaked, finely scaberulous ; callus slender, shortly bear

in. long ; awn disarticulating from the valve, stipitate ; foot 23

iong, twisted ; bristles fine, scaberulous, spreading, the middle up t?

1+ in,, the lateral 10 lin. long; pale ovate, 2 3 om long; lodicules

ovate-oblong, nerved, 2 lin. long ; anthers 23-23 lin. long, cells

—— apiculate.

AHARI REGION: Transvaal; Pretoria Div., at Kudus Poort, — —

is: A. stipoides (Lam. Illustr, i. 157, not R. Br.) va

r. meri

(Stapf) ; agen: compactly tufted with a paeer" fanovation ‘

shoots; culms erect, 3 ft. or more long, simple or sparingly branches

terete, glabrous, smooth, 2-3-noded; sheaths tight or lease, ne

narrow lin near, up to 11 ft. by 1-22 lin., setanedualy convo

flexuous, subglaucous, smooth below, scabrid above ; panicle

;

OEE Ce Oe ee ee ee :

Aristida. ] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 563

very lax, 1-11 ft. by 3-1 ft.; rhachis striet or flexuous, smooth ;

branches 2-3-nate , spreading the lower 4-8 in. long, repeatedly and

remotely branched ; branchlets filiform to capillary, flexuous ; pedicels

capillary, as long as the spikelets or longer ; spikelets very scattered,

yellowish, 4-5 lin. long ; glumes very unequal, rather firm, forded

a-s 88 long as the ss dag the latter lanceolate-linear, 2-tvothed ;

valve linear, not beaked, 4 shorter than the spies glume, smo oth,

ed with i

mottl ith purple ; callus 1-8 lin. long; awn dicartionlabing,

stipitate, foot 21-6 lin, long, eae? twisted, Txitlos up to 1 in.

long, fine; pale broad, over 2 lin. long; — ules finely nerved ;

anthers 2 lin. long; grain fusiform, 3-4 lin

Katanari Recion: Griqualand West; Hunernest Kloof, Rehmann, 3386!

range Free State, Buchanan, 56! 68! between Kimberley and Bloewfontein,

Buchanan, 281! Be chuanaland ; between Kuruman and Matlareen River

Ul, 2188 !

The typical form is loosely tufted w ith ver ge few innovation shoots, and perhaps

ere eee annual. It has less convolte or fi rap ge longer spikelets (6-74 lin,

ong) and : bri

tae 114, f.

§ Schinz, l.c. 803. Chetarta penne Roem. ¥ Schult. Syst. ii. 393.

Arthratherum comosum, Gay ex Kunth, l.c

14. A. sericans (Hack. in Bull. Herb. wie ae 381) ; perennial,

densely tufted; culms very slender, erect, 1 ft. long, wiry, softly

airy, 1-node d, internodes exserted ; eT very tight, striate,

hairy all over except at the nodes ; blades finely setaceous, convolute,

acute, up to 8 in. long, glaucous, hairy below, hispidulous. above ;

panicle spike-like, rather dense, narrow, up to 3 in, long, erect ;

thachis hair ry; branches solitary or 2-3-nate, adpressed, the iigiak

2~1 in. long, simple, 1-spieulate or very sparin ed; branch-

lets and pedicels hairy or scabrid ; spikelets yellowish or purplish,

6-7 lin, g; glumes lanceolate to linear, minate, hairy or

glabrous, 3- nerved, the lower 5-6 lin. long, acute, the upper 6-7 lin.

with hy aline tips; valve linear, produced into a short twisted hairy

beak, 33-4 lin. long, purple, smooth; callus } lin. long; awns

continuous with the valve, the middle one 4-5 lin. long, all plumose

except at the v. ery tips ; pale over 1 lin. long, obtuse, nerveless ;

— finely nerved, over 2 lin. long ; anthers 2 lin. lo ong.

P HARI ReGion: Tra ia Hooge Veld, at Standarton, Rehmann, 6793!

war near Apies Poort, p-traniatiy 4046 !

15. A. ciliata (Desf. in Schrad. Neues Journ. iti. 255) ; perennial,

compactly cespitose, with numerous, usually short innovation

Shoots ; — geniculate, slender, 1-2 ft. long, piers smooth,

ke ~3-n ed, rnodes exserted ; sheaths wriwded at the base, the

owest fisiar whitish, firm, persistent woolly near the margins

o 2

564 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Aristida,

below, the upper tight, long bearded at the nodes and at the mouths ;

blades coarsely setaceous, ‘convolute, those of the innovation shoots

sometimes very short, recurved or like those of the culms up to

4+ ft. long, rigid, glabrous, smooth below, minutely hairy above;

panicle narrow, oblong-linear, usually contracted and strict, 4-6 in.

long ; rhachis ee branches erect, solitary, often bifid near to or

branched from ab Bess biaichlees filiform, few spiculate, tips

clavate ; lateral castes short ; spikelets linear-oblong, 5-6 lin. long,

straw-coloured or purplish ; glumes subequal, linear-oblong, emat-

ginate, firm, 3-nerved, usually glabrous ; valve cylindric, 5-6 lin. long,

ies the side-bristles hin fine, abet ci 2 lin: loi

lodicules few-nerved, % lin. long; i i

cylindric, truncate, 14 lin. long; hilum as long as the grain.

iil, Fl. Boypte, 31, t. 13, fig. 3; Aunth, Enum. i. 195 ; Suppl. 150

Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 163; Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 175

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 143; Boiss. Fl. Or. v. 494, A. plumosa,

Desf. Fl. Atlant. i, 109, not Linn. A. Schimper’, Hochst. § agi

ex Trin. § Rupr. lc. 164. A. (?) piligenu, Burch. Trav. 1. 288

centrifuga, Burch. Tra 266. Arthratherum ciliatum, Nees

Linnea, vii. 289; Jaub. § pe Tl. Pl. Or. t.334. A. papain i,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 178. Schistachne saluate Fig. § N

Mem. Ace. Torin. sér. 2, xii. (1852) 252.

Coast ReGion: Clanwilliam Ve) Wind Hoek, 400 ft., Schlechter, 8338!

Cape Div. ; near Capetown, Schlec 37 ! bok

CENTRAL REGION: Calvini ngs ; betw n Lospers Aging - bot

et River, 2000-3000 ft., Zeyher, 1812 ! ! Prin ince Albert Div s Fontein,

Soe Burke, 22! Gamka tices, Mund § Maire! Somerset Div. ; Ub ater aserburg

ik Ri

iver, Schenck, 326! Little Namaqualand, ar the aa. SS

Orange fem ik eestnng fG.5 a 2548! Bitterwater, "2500 ft ikams

Kat 1 ReGion : Prieska Div. ; between Modder Vontein sid “Keika

Poort, “Burchell, 1612/4!

Hackel describes (in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 18) two varieties, V aan

tricholena with the ek of the upper glume rigidly ‘ciliate above the male, gut

var. villosa, wit sheaths and ate woolly. To the mabe he refers spec!™ —

collected by Schiuz at Liideritzhafen (672, see above), and by Sch agsem _ ‘4

Nama and Tschirub (10), to the tatver, Schenck’s 327 Sota ni Anib Plai

_ Also in Nubia and throughout the southern part of the MediterraneaD wg

Steudel (Syn. Pl. Glum i.144) indicates A, ye me aa from the Capeof not

ne issn = mp reer uniplum e, Dré, Ace ex parte.” ee wie

specimen a, §

specimen ma ze Dela

aud numbered 901. This, geen is ruicete A. ciliata, Desf. A. pungens, ” ‘Dr.

indicated by Hackel in Bull. Her v. App. iii. 19, as collected by

Schenck near Aus in Great Nitsnauan is nclich also A. ciliata.

Aristida. } GRAMINE® (Stapf), 565

16. A. capensis ene Prod. 19); perennial, eompactly cespi-

eae glabrous ; culms slender, erect, 1-2 ft. long, wiry, smooth,

smooth below, Septic above ; panicle erect or nodding, con-

prentell or effuse, 6-10 in. long; rhachis smooth ; branches solitary,

2- (rarely 3-) partite near the base, the lo wins: 4-6 in. long, very

remotely and sparingly ips finely filiform, smooth ; pedicels

clavate-tipped, the lateral 1 as long as the spikelets ; spikelets sub-

erect or nodding, brownish or aia, 6-8 lin. long; glumes

subequal, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, minutely truncate, 3-nerved ;

valve eylindric, smooth, 23-3 lin. long, greyish; callus tad lin. long;

awn stipitate, tardily disarticulating from the valve; foot 4-6 lin.

long, slightly twisted, scantily plumose or glabrous; bristles all

plumose except at the tips, the middle one 8-12 lin. long, the side-

ones shorter ; mass $ lin. long; ean searcely { lin. long, finely

finely grooved ; hilum as long as the grain. Thunb. Fl Cap. ed.

Schult. 105; Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. t. 171; ag i, 195;

Suppl. 151; Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 178; Steud. Syn. P 1. Glum. i.

145 ; ~~ § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 801. Avena capensis,

ppl. 112. Arthratherum oaiperee, Nees in Linnea, vii.

288 ; FT. Apr, Austr.176. Chetaria capensis, Beauv. Agrost. 30.

Vaz. 8, Zeyheri (Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 179); saaeningh a or rather loo

ain ep lowest ieee hes 2-4 in. long; glumes more unequal than in the

t of awn 1- 14 lin yen hai iry. A. Zeyheri, Steud. Honea. ed, ii. i. 182,

Ariat 2 yheri, Nees, F 1. Afr. Austr, 177.

Va acropus (Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 179) ; panicle as in the type; spikelets

yellow ek of awn 44-5 lin. long, Fatih 5 bristles densely plumose to the

ery t

Var es barbata (Stapf); culms sheathed all along; sheaths ee bearded at

their months 8; blades very long, curled, overtopping the panicle; spikelets

he i lin, ee: foot of awn 1 lin. i hairy ; bristles densely Avent except at

AFRICA : without precise locality, Thunberg ! Bergius! Varig.

Harve, 324! 298

OasT ReEGIon: Clanwilliam Div.; Olifants River, Ecklon. Malmesbury

Div; 3 meet Baur, 1176! Cape Div.; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 977! ead

between Lions Head and Table Mou ratert; Burchell, 272! near Cape

Burchelt, 890! Cape Flats, near Claremont, Schlechter, 557! Tulbagh a

bagh Kloof, Ecklon &§ Zeyher! Worcester Div.; Bains f, 1000 ft.,

on Di Zouder

Seite des 9105! Caled ves er , Drége

between Bot River and Zwart Berg, Ecklon, mountain slopes near Genad ndal,

Bolus, 7432! U nhage Div. ; Uitenhage, Bowt ar iv. 3 haan

ite’ e ite / x 4 pe

Bay, MacGillivray, 391! Milne, 255! near Tokay, Walley Dod, 1

near Constantia Nek, stg Doll, 2235! Farmers Peak Valley, Woltey Dod,

2361! Con nstantia, and Doorn Hoo gte, Ecklon. Tu ‘Tbagh Div. ; Witzenberg, Vogel

Valle, Tulbagh Kloof pate Tulbagh Vallei, Ecklon. Worcester Div. ; moun =

"Wotvester, Rehmann, 2669! Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek, t.

Sato er, 7366! Var tr. y: Paa presser. Paarl carla ing ft., Drége! ;

ar. 3; Uite nha ge Div:; on t owns between the Koega and the Zwartkops

er — 5 Zeyher, 502! yh, 4501 ! Bathurst Div; Port Alfred,

566 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Aristida.

WesterRN REGION: VAR. . a Namaqualand ; Kamies Bergen, Ecklon!

-.. Kas spambots — ft., and in the plains between Kuil and

r Fon , 3500 f , Dr sch Vaithyn nsdorp Div. ; Karee Bergen, 1500 ft.,

totoonter, 33131 near Ebeneeer, Drége

ratherum capense 8, Nees, Fl. te Austr. 176, from Tulbagh and Paarl

Mountains belongs probably to var. B, which, coun represents hardly more

than individual variatio

with ahi, of erect branches from the lower or the middle

nodes, several feet fh glabrous, rar ; Seas very tight, firm,

pallid, glabrous, and smooth or hairy, longer or slightly shorter than

nodes ; blades setaceous or subulate , convolute, 1-8 in. long,

when short, then very rigid and pungent, glaucous, glabrous, smooth

below, hispidulous above; panicle narrow, linear, more or less con-

tracted, 3-8 in. long; rhachis straight or subflexuous, smooth; branches

solitary, erect or suberect, bifid orsparingly branched from near the base,

the lowest 1-2 in. long, scabrid and filiform like the branchlets ; lateral

pedicels very much shorter than the spikelets, the latter yellowish,

6-7 lin. Jong; glumes rather firm, lanceolate to linear, acuminate,

3-nerved, glabrous, tips minutely truncate or 2-toothed, involute, the

lower shorter ; valve subcylindric, 3-42 lin. long, glabrous, smooth,

produced into and articulated with a straight or slightly twisted beak,

articulated at or below the middle; callus? lin. long; bristles plumose

to the very tips, the middle 9- 12 lin. long ; pale. broad, 3 3 lin. long,

nerveless ; lodicules 3 lin. long, fow-nerved ; anthers 21 lin. long.

Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 174; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 145 ; ‘Durand 5

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. ¥.805 ; Hack.in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iti

19. A.(?) fruticans, Burch. Trav. i. 492. Arthratherum namagquense,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 185. “Aristida capensis a, Thunb. MS.”

Souru Arrica: shed precise locality, Thunb

Coast Recion : Uitenh so 3 Kromme Rives “3000 ft. Drége. Queens

CENTR on: Calvinia Div.3 ; between gy de Plaats and Springbol

Kuil River, Zeyher, 1814! Worcester Div.; on the Karoo, at ‘ pene s Fontein”

(probably Mutjies Fontein), Rehmann, 2910 ! Prince Ae t Div. ; Hitterwer 3

near the Gamka River, 2500 ft., Drége; by the Gamka River, Mun aX Matr

Graaff Reinet Div.; on the banks of dried-up streams in the Sneeuwberg Ranze,

near Riviertje, 3700 ft., Bolus, 1981! Victoria West. Div.; ciaewe Veld, near

River, 300 ft., Drége

VESTERN Recion: Great Newlaguihina: Rehoboth, Fleck, 21a! Warmbad,

Wandres, 28! Little Namaqualand, Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Bushmans gt

thon ‘reise eit Fontein and Plat Klip, 3000-3500 ft., Drege, 2040! 8

on yher f

18, A, proxima (Steud. Syn, Pl. Glum. i. 145); suffrutescon®s

branched from the base; culms 3-1 ft. long, 1-2-noded, glauco

Aristida. | GRAMINE® (Stapf), 567

woolly below the nodes, otherwise pubescent, internodes shortly

exserted ; sheaths tight, pubescent, nodes densely tomentose or

vee the middle, 2 in. long, 2-4-spiculate, woolly pubescent ;

pedicels 11-3 lin. long, tips ea nevides cua’ spikelets 4—42 lin.

long, pallid ; glumes lanceolate, minutely truncate or obscurely 2.

toothed, glabrous, 3-nerved, the lower over 3 ‘lin. long ; valve oblong,

13-2 lin. long, disarticulating just above the middle ; callus 1 -lin.

long ; awn deciduous with the ao half of the valve, bristles sub-

beng plumose all along, long ; pale broader than long,

lin. lon ng, truncate, nerveless ; Leticia very obtuse, 4 lin long;

anthers almost 2 lin. long. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. “Afr. v . 807.

‘ Cenrrat Receron: Aliwal North; between Kraai River and Witte Bergen,

Leyher !

9. A. lutescens (Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 17 3) 5 ; rhizome creeping,

Covered like the innovation-buds and the culm bases with strong

whitish scale-like sheaths, the lowest scales oh the upper glabrous

With muero-like blades; culms fascicled, erect, slender, 1-2 ft. long,

truncate or Beat glabrous, 3-nerved, the lower 5-5} lin. long,

the upper 6-7 lin. ; valve subcylindrie, smooth, purplish-grey, 8 lin.

long, produced into and articulated with a slightly twisted beak,

eapri above the middle ; callus 1 lin. oe middle bristle about

lin. long, plumose all along; side-bristles somewhat shorter, eiig

tlabrous Eeiow, scantily and epee s ciliate above; pale $ lin.

long ; es les 3 lin. long; anthers 2-21 lin. long. Steud. Syn. be

Glum. i. 145; Durand ia Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 804; Hack.

Bull. Herb, Boiss. iv. App. ili. 18. Arthratherum lutescens, ia

Fi. ink Austr. i, 179.

vad TERN Rrciom Little Namaqualand ; hills near the mouth of the Orange

sith below 600 ft., Drége, 727!

Also in Rewiesiand.

Very near A. m rensis from which it differs seer sah mi es

» the very loose and o n panicle nd. the am

Marlothii, Hack. in Engl. tek a - 400, i a variety, wit ith bearded el nodes ni

Panicles occurring at Walfish 1 Bay,

20. A. obtusa (Del. FI. Egypte, i. 175, t. 13. fig. 2); perennial,

568 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Aristida.

compactly cespitose with numerous man shoots ; culms from a

few inches to 1 ft. long, very slender, 1-noded, geniculate, glabrous,

smooth, internodes exserted ; ba pcadis short, firm, persistent,

glabrous or woolly near the margin, upper tight ; ligule a line of short

hairs often passing into a long spreading beard at the mouth ; blades

setaceous, convolute, 1-3 in. long, rigid, curved or flexuous, glaucous,

glabrous, smooth beneath, minutely villous above; panicle very

narrow, contracted, 1-6 in. long; Degnelns solitary or 2-nate, erect,

branched from the base or simple for 1—1 in., filiform, scaberulous

near the tips ; lateral pedicels short ; autccloia | 44a lin. long, pallid ;

glumes equal or the lower slightly longer, the lower lanceolate, obtuse,

-nerved, tip hyaline, the upper narrower, 1- to sub-3-nerved ; valve

‘oblong- cylindric (broadly obovate when expanded), broadly emargi-

nate, rs aoe smooth ; callus 3 i Jin. ee awn from the re

anthers 2 lin. long grain subobovate, terete, almost 1 lin. nee

whitish. Roem. 6: Schult. Mant. ii. 212; Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 167 ; ,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 805; Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iil. 19.

Stipagrostis (1) pes ‘Nees in Linnea, vii. 293 ; Kunth, Enum. Pl.

1.198; Suppl. 154. 8S. capensis, Nees, l:c. 291; FL Ajr. power or

Kunth, l.c.i, 197. Arthratherum obtusum, Nees, Gran. Afr. A

179; Jaub. §& Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. iv. t. 338.

Coast Rre1 veal reggie mer Div. ; Wind Hoek, 400 ft., Schlechter, 8343!

CENTRAL REGION: Calvi Div.; ee Lospers Plaats and Springbok

= River, Zouh 1815! i Peaneitines between Patrys Fontein an

Great Bra . iver, Bhiree't 1520! between pen Riet River and Stink ae

Burehely 1392! ae rvon Div.; at the northern exit of Karee Bergen Poort,

arnarvon, Burchell, 1556! Beaufort West Div.; Nieuw Veld, Ecklon,

po see Poort, oops 500 ft., Drége!

ERN ReGIon: Great Namaqualand ; Aus, Schinz, 659! Little Namaqua-

land, in id, between ae River and the Orange River, 1000-1500 ft., Drege

254 421 _ mies Ber

eon ualand West, Hay Diy. ; at Griqua Town, Bure hell,

2961 ! ‘Binbesiy ‘Diamond fields, Tuck | , Orange Res Bute at Olifants Ponte,

ehi

Also in wees and in the deserts of North Africa and Arabia,

or A. subacaulis as tend. — ed. ii. i. ee he — iS

aren 0 ne pee 41-52 lin. long, whitish ; glomes

linear-oblong or linear-lancedlate, Tong acuminate, 3-nerved, mem

Aristida.] GRAMINEM (Stapf), 569

branous, scaberulous above, tips hyaline, the lower 44 -54 lin., the

upper 4 lin, long; valve as " A, obtusa, 1} lin. long ; callus s 2 lin.

long ; awn stipitate, foot 1-11 lin, long; middle bristle 10-12 lin.

long, purplish, plumose above the middle, scaberulous below ; side-

bristles about 3 the length, very fine; pale not quite + lin. Ion

lodicules 2 lin. long ; anthers 2 lin. ee ; grain obliquely oe ote 1 lin,

long, whitish. Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 171; Steud. Syn. ~ Glu i

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 809; Hack. 1 Bull.

Boiss. iv. App. iii. 19. Arthratherum subacaule, Nis, Fi. is

Austr. 180.

WesteRN Reoion: Great hacer Liideritzbafen, ‘Sohing, 665, 66

Schenck, 32. Little heen pega the banks of the Orange River, near

Verleptpram, 300 ft., Dreg

Also in Hereroland.

A. uniplumis (Lichtenst. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 401) ;

perennial, tufted ; culms very slender, ereet or een 13-3 ft,

ong, simple or branched, about 4-noded, wiry, glabrous, smooth,

internodes exserted : ; abestha very tight, the upper quite aoa the

lower long, bearded at the mouths, smooth ; ; blades setaceously eon-

volute, fine, up to 1 ft. long, light green to glaucous, smooth below

minutely scaberulous above, margins scabrid ; panic e narrow, linear

to oblong, contracted or open 3-Sin in. long

ranches geminate or faseicled, simple for 2 1_1 in., then sparingly and

remotely branched ; branchlets capillary, flexuous, smooth, or minutely

scaberulous above ; pedicel long a pikelets or longer, tips

’ .

purplish ; glumes linear-lanceola te, acuminate, 3-nerved, thin, the

lower er shorter and broader; valve eylindric, subemarginate,

Searcely 2 lin, long purplish, smooth ; callus almost } lin. long; awn

ee from the valve, ra a foot twisted 21-32 lin. long,

truneate + lin, eee lodicules 2 in: long, aimed anthers 2 lin.

Ong; grain oblong-cylindric, 1 lin. long, whitish, finely grooved.

Kunth, Enum. i. 195; Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 172; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Gilum. i. 144 ; Durand & Sehine, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 8

aa: Reeion: Prince Albert Div, ; by the Gamka River, Lichtenstein.

Colesherg Div. ; rocks of the Table Mountains near Colesberg, 4500 ft., Drége.

NALABARI REGION: Griqualand West; Kituberley, Rehmann, 3470! Bitalers

6! 0 ree State; between

a ! & prec

locality, Hu'ton! Buchanan, 69! Transvaal; Bosch Veld, between Eland River

and Kii pan, Rehmann, 5113! near Lydenba rg, Atherstone! Transvaal Plains,

a, 140!

N Region : Great Namaqualand ; Byzondermeid, Schinz, 660; Great

Fun River, Fleck, 289a.

23. A. dr egeana (Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 169); perennial, branching

from the rat up to 2 ft. long; culms very slender, nie or genicu-

ti » gla brous, smooth, internodes exserted ; aths very

hight, glabrous, smooth, the lowest broad, pallid, ies, Scialatent

570 GRAMINEEX (Stapf). [ Aristida.

blades et convolute, subacute, }—2 in. long, rigid, glabrous

and smooth below, pubesce ent above; panicle erect or nodding,

siliae shee more or less secund, 9-3 in. Jong ; rhachis smooth;

branches 2. -nate, 1-2- separ: the lowest 3-3 in. long, erect or sub-

erect, filiform, smooth; spikelets 6 lin. long, a or purple;

glumes linear-lanceolate, dances glabro 3-nerved, the

lower very slightly shorter, acute, the upper sede mucronate ;

valve oblong-eylindric, minut ely and obtusely bilobed, glabrous,

1: lin. long; callus 8 lin. long; awn from the sinus of the valve,

tardily disarticulating, stipitate, “foot slightly twisted, slender like

the middle bristle, purple, smooth, plumose above the middle, to 11 in.

long, side-bristles much finer, up to 8 lin. ies glabrous, smooth ;

pale very broad, % lin. long; lodicules ae ‘lin. long; anthers

14 lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 144; : Durand & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 803 ; nee ‘ay Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 18.

Stipagrostis dregeana, ‘Nees, F 1. Afr. Austr. 172.

WESTERN Reaion: Great Nam ualand; Aus, Schinz, 659; sandy plains

between Ausis and Kuias, Schenck, "219 i ttle Namaqualand ; near the mouth

of the Orange River, below 600 ft.,

Also in Hereroland.

24. A. geminifolia (Trin. & Rupr. Stip. a perennial, este

from the base, almost suffrutescent, 4 ft. long or less; culms OF

pendulous, slender, glabrous or hairy below ‘hie panicle, Siler pee

noded, internodes very ie aes the lowest short, sheathed, the

followin ey xserted (2-4 in.), the next very short, usually

glabrous or bearded; blades subulate, involute, subpungent,

1-6 lin. long, rigid, more or less eae rarely up to 1; 10.

long and subflexuons, smoo glabrous below, pubescent

srt Se pe Fl ap ustr. 173,

ERN ReGion: Little Namaqualand; near;the mouth ah the a River,

Dre slag awe Kook Fontein and Holgat River, 1000-2000 ft., Dreg

- 25. A. brevifolia (Steud. Nomencl. ed. ii. i. rt suffrutescent,

4-1} ft. long, branched, woody below; culms erect or asce ending,

Aristida. ] GRAMINE& (Stapf). 571

slender, many-noded, minutely puberulous, gland-dotted, lower and

middle internodes short, he upper gradually longer, exserted ;

sheaths tight, gland- dotted, covered with evanescent wool near the

mouth, margins and nodes, or more or less glabrate, those of the

thick eylindric apie og broad with is ca blades ; blades of

nerveless, 2 aA lodicules + lin. long; anthers 3 lin. long.

Trin. § Rupr. Stip. ; Hack. in Bull. Herb — iv. App. iil

i... mai ga bron Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 183

CEn ReGion: Calvinia Div. ; near Kamos and rata Kuil, Zeyher,

1813 Prince “Albert Div. ; rae bio the Dwyka River and Zwartbulletje,

We ESTERN REGION: Great Namaqualand, in the southern part, Fleck, 290a.

sage Nanagualond Silver Fontein, 2000-3000 ft., Drége/ in the Karroo, Lat.

, 29°, D

Imperfectly known species.

6. A. hochstetteriana (Beck ex Hack. in Verh. Bot. Ver.

tl Brandenb. xxx . 144) ; perennial ; ss pore convolate,

glabrous, seabrid ; icle reduced to a spike-like raceme, 2-21 in.

long ; spikelets oP a ile, 73-8 lin. peg ; glumes subequal, long

acuminate, the lower shortly hirsute ; valve 3} lin. long, bearded

(where 2), disarticulating at the waddle: awn stipitate, foot 42 lin

long; middle bristle 3— me lin.long, the lower } on then plumose

except at the tip; side-bristles very fine, glabrou

WEstERN REGION: Little Namaqualand (?), ‘‘ ibe Wyley.

Also in Hereroland.

Evidently a marked species, but of doubtful affinity.

XLVI. STIPA, ei

ring or minately 2 ‘Isbed ; ealtad more or , usually

D ungent ; mple, continuous with or jointed on pou valve, bent or

geniculate, twisted below, plumose or naked above the knee. Pale

572 GRAMINE&® (Stapf). [ Stipa.

2-keeled or 2-nerved, almost as long as the valve or much shorter.

Lodicules usually 3, the posterior smaller or suppressed. Stamens 3,

rarely fewer. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, short; stigmas

plumose. (rain slender, cylindric or oblong-cylindric, "terete or

subterete, sometimes grooved, tightly embraced by the hardened

valve and the pale ; hilum linear, almost as long as the grain ; embryo

rather small.

Perennial, rarely annual; leaves a convolute, rarely flat; ligules mem-

branous ; panicle from spike-li -like to effus

Numerous species, principally in dis as and warm regions of both hemi-

spheres.

re Psy fine; panicle spike-like; awns long, inter-

(1) tortilis,

Perennial; blades — broad and flat 5 pa avicle cou-

acted or open, large; awns a slightly twisted

- he os +e 02 ly ... (2) dregeana,

1. §. tortilis ae Fi, Atlant, 1.99, t. 31, fig. 1); annual, ie:

culms erect or geniculate, very slender, from a few inches oy

long, with a few intravaginal branches from the lower inte

1-3-noded, glabrous or reversed ly hairy, internodes enclosed or

the uppermost exserted ; sheaths rather loose, glabrous, smooth, the

uppermost often tumid and embracing the ‘pase of the pa anicle ;

ligules ciliolate, up to 1 lin, long ; blades linear, tapering to a fine

point, 2 7 in. by 1 lin., , convolute | or neh glabrou Rage more or

l-nerved (ith 2 fine short side-nerves at the base), the lower

slightly shorter; valve cylindric, tightly convolute, callous tipped,

2 lin. long, pubescent, 5-7-nerved; callus 1 lin. long, minutely

bearded; awn disarticulating, 21—3 in. long, geniculate at “the middle,

strongly twisted below, hispidulous pale broadly oblong, obtuse,

& lin. or more; lodicules 2 2, oblong- lanceolate, up to 8 lin. long;

anthers 12 1-1k lin. long, scantily ciliolate ; grain subcylindric, 1} lin.

long. Kunth, Enum. i. 180; Trin. § Rupr. Stip. 64 ; Steud. Sym. Fe

Glum, i. 130; Boiss. Fl. Or. v.500 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

v. 812. S. humilis, neg Fl. Lusit. i. 86, non Cav. S. seminula,

Vahl ex Hornem. Hort. Hafn.i. 76. 8. paleacea, Sibth. & Sm. Fl.

Gree. t. 86, non Vahl. 8. capensis, Thunb. Prodr. 19, and Fl. Cap.

ed. Schult. 106; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. i. 170; Trin. & Rupr. lc.

63; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i.

ri TH AFRICA: without precise locality, Thunberg !

Region: Monsg' ts Div.; banks of ‘the Oliphants River, net

eeauses Drége! George Div. ; Gaurit tz River, E eklon.

Common aaoagihaul ‘tse Mediterranean region.

2. S. dregeana (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 132); perennial, glabrous 5

culms fuscicled from a short pramorse rhizome, erect, 2-4 ft. high

Stipa. ] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 573

nie smooth, internodes enclosed or more or oo exserted ; lowest

obtuse, erose, up to 2 lin. lang ; TT iar froma — or slightly

ae base, tapering to ery lon e point, up to 12-ft.

= ., flat, rather firm, eee below, poo rough Fests “closely

and pe finely many- -nerved ; panicle erect or slightly 1 nodding, oblong,

contracted, eee open and pyramidal, 2 —] = ek

or 3-2-nate, very bona the longest - —1 ft. long, undivided to

+of their length or e, filiform, smooth; fies es the lateral

shorter than | the a the latter light green, 23-31 lin. long ;

glumes a ar 3-nerved, subhyaline above, glabrous, the lower lanceo-

late, acuminate, the upper lanceolate- oblong, acute or te ae

valve Slee cylindric, convolute, obseurely ee 2-21 Jin, long,

shortly hairy all over, 5-nerved; callus minute, obtus aa, minutely

lary; awn a Serene 5-6 lin. long, cna, slightly twisted

below, bent 1-2 Hin. above “the base ; pale almost as long as the

posterior arien ‘ pha lt fo ae naked : grain ee cylin-

drie, 12 lin. long. Durand & eon biside Fl. Afr. S11. Lasta-

grostis capensis, . Nees, Fl. Afr. A 167 ; Trin. Laer Stip, 88.

Var. B, elongata mutiny) Sander carinii see ig he to 1} ft. long, more effuse ;

lower branches usua ly 4-8 i Janae undivided for 2-6 in.

above the base ; sikelts paet a sore: ena. S. peat oe, Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 132; vrand § Schinz, Cons. Fl. Afr. SI1. Lasiagrostis

elongata, Nees, Fi. - Austr, 168. Z. capensis, var. pinnate. Trin. S§ Rupr.

Pi 185.

Stip.

AFRICA: without precise locality, var. elongata; Harvey, 299!

Mant g Maire!

Coa

eaiile Div. P a m2 eee. iba Riet Kuil dod Resa en hacde:

near th i i in w

Zeyher, 4499! Mossel Bay Div. ; r the Gauritz River, i oods 1 fe

Maire, Ecklo itenhage Div. ; tl haggis River, Ecklo Zeyher,

770! Alexandria Div.: in the forests of Addo, y Zeyher, ‘Koco m sunny,

grassy places, Drége. Albany Div Gales, “SLA in tho ‘nbush near,

Burnt Kraal, 2200 ft., MacOw wan, 1276! Var. elongata: Cape Div.; Cape

Peninsula, Kloof on the western : si ’ the postles, Wolley Dod, 1201!

Devils Pea y the waterfall, Wolley Dod, 2301! Swellendam Div. ; in

forest at Grootvaders Bos h, Burchell, 7238! Port Eli h Di Kakakama

Mountains, in virgin forest, Drége! King Williamstown Div. ; Dohne Peak, in

forest, 4400 ft., Galpin, 2455! Komgba Div. ; near Komgha, "Flanagan, 90!

Centray REGION; Somerset Div. ; igri ‘the uureberg Range and Klein

Bruintjes Hoogte, 2000-2500 ft., Drege! at Blyde Ri th 83 |

raaff Reinet Div.; shady places near Graaff Reinet, 2500 ft., Bolus, 707! along

- os River, north of Monkey Ford, sae a. Var. elongata +

Somerset Div. ; in forests at the foot of Bosch B , MacOwan, 1520!

Ea astERN Rearo : Natal; Riet Vlei, in hae S000 he "Buchanan, 239 !

Var. elongata is inet an extreme shade form.

Doubtful species.

~ 8. pa arvala (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 169); annual (?); culms tufted,

et ong, branched from the base, glabrous; sheaths tight,

parplish aie glabrous except the bearded ‘mouth ; ligules obsolete ;

574 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Stipa.

blades setaceous, canalienlate-complieate, 1 in. long, glabrous;

panicle straight, contracted, seeund, 1 in. long; lower branches 2-nate,

2-3-spiculate, seabrid ; spikelets bright violet, shining, glabrous,

almost 2 lin. long; glumes 1-nerved, the lower entire, mucronate,

1 lin. long, the upper 2-toothed, mucronate from the sinus, 2 lin.

long; valve glabrous, 14 lin. long ; callus bearded, beard 1 lin. long,

hairs elastic, somewhat spreading; awn disarticulating, purple,

seabrid, over 2 lin. long, twisted to 1 of the way from the base, gently

recurved; anthers naked. Trin. & Rupr. Stip. 53; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum. i. 129; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 812.

Western Reoion: Little Namaqualand; near the mouth of the Orange

River, Drége.

. I meet this is not a Stipa, but a simple-awned Aristida, allied to A. wniseta,

tapf.

XLVII. ORYZOPSIS, Michx.

oblong, ovoid or ellipsoid or obovoid, terete ; embryo small ; hilum

filiform, shorter than the grain, often obscure.

Perennial, tufted ; blades linear, usually long, flat, flaccid; ligules membran-

ous ; panicles effuse or more or less contracted, always very lax, often nodding.

Species about 16, in the northern hemisphere.

1. 0. miliacea (Richter, Pl. Europ. 33); perennial, loosely tufted ;

rhizome short, thick, innovation buds short, extravaginal, covered

lower at length dry and scarious ; ligules very short, truncate or the

uppermost oblong and up to 12 lin. long ; blades linear, long tapering

to a setaceots point, up to 1 ft. long, 11—4 lin. broad, flat and flaccid,

or rolling up when dry, more or less glaucous, glabrous oF finely

hairy on the upper side, smooth beneath, scaberulous above or all tr

in the upper part ; panicle large, oblong to linear, open or contracted,

more or less nodding, } to more than 1 ft. long; axis very seni

terete; branches few to very many in distant semiwhorls, fine y

Oryzopsis.] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 575

filiform to capillary, fag ae lower 2-6 i in, long, often undivided

to } their length from a base : ; branchlets few, subracemose, con-

tracted ; pedicels S very — the lateral usually very short ; spike-

lets pe -lanceolate, greenish or tinged with purple, 11-13 lin, long ;

glumes acuminate, cubhnek broad when expanded, 3- to ae 5-nerved,

side-nerves very short ; valve obovate to oblong, 1 lin. long, smooth,

glabrous, rigidly membranous, whitish, 3-nerved ; awn a very fine

and caducous flexuous bristle, 11-2 lin. long; lodicules 2, oblanceo-

late; anthers 3 lin. long, tips very minutely penieillate ; grain

obovoid- ear; over 2 lin, long, terete. Durand & Schinz, Consp.

l. Afr. v. 812. Agrostis miliacea, Linn. Sp. Plant. 61; Host,

Gram. fi iii. ¢.45; Reichb, Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t, 45, fig. 1 1459. Milium

multifiorum, Cav, Descr. 36. M. arundinaceum, Sibth. § Smith,

Fl. Gree. Prod. i.45; Fl. rae i. t. 66. Piptatherum multiflorum,

Beauv. Agrost. 18; "Kunth, Enum. i. 177. P. miliaceum, Coss.

Pl. Crit. fase. 3, 129. Drache ball ice Trin. Fund. Agrost. Ls

Stip. AM and wn Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, v. 10; Steud, Syn. P

Glum. i, 121.

: it i Reaion: Orange Free State, without precise locality, Buchanan,

A uative of the Mediterranean region, elsewhere introduced.

XLVIII. PEROTIS, Ait.

Spikelets very small, narrow, sessile or subsessile on the continuous

axis of a spike ora lax spike -like raceme, jointed on and falling entire

from the axis or the ees pedicels ; rhachilla not continued

beyond the floret. Floret , much shorter than the glumes.

Glumes equal, linear or eet ope rigidly membranous, 1-

herved, passing into capillary awns. Valve lanceolate, acute, delicately

: hyaline, L-nerve - Pale very minute, hyaline nerveless. Lodicules

ae eng th of the grain ; hilum gears basal.

i Sesh settee nee leafy; blades usually broad, rigid and ciliate ;

gules hy aline ; spikes or pseudo-spikes slender, crinite from the long capillary

aie 2 or 3, in the tropics of the Old World and in subtropical Australia.

suberect, ores A often f from a few inc ae s to 12 in. long, smooth

glabrous, man ny-noded, si internodes short, not or slightly exendely

uppermost 1 or 2 by far the longest, long exser eaves rather

erous in the lower 1 1 of the palais cei thin n, striate, smooth ;

Hgales very delicate, short, ered yi ; blades linear-lancevlate to ovate-

lanceolate from a clasping broad base, acu ee or acuminate, 3—3 in. b

a4 in., flat or somewhat w wary: elancou , margins rigidly "ciliate or

fimbriate, rarely smooth; spike eases. rigid or flexuous, 3-8 in.

576 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Perotis. —

long, rather dense; axis smooth, terete; spikelets about 1 lin. long,

linear-lanceolate ; glumes scaberulous, 3-10 lin, long, very fine, flexu-

ous, often purplish ; valve less than 2 + lin. long ; pale under + lin.

Jong; tip finely ciliolate ; nee # lin. long; grain aimost 1 lin,

long. Beauv. Agrost. 172, t. fig. 9 (P. laxifolia (by error),

6); Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 357, i 92; Enum. i. 470; Suppl. 380;

Hook. Niger Fl. 569; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum,. i. 186 ; Anderss, in

Peters, Reise Mossamb. 561; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxix. 1765

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 734; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vil.

98; not Thunb. P. scabra, Willd. ex Trin. Gram. Unifl. et cae

172. Agrostid. ii. 21, and in "‘Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, vi. 267; Steud.

Lec. 186 ; ert ao § ‘Schinz, le. 73%. P. hordeitformis, Nees ex Steud.

Nomenel. ed, ii. 306; Fl. Afr. Austr. 139; Trin. Agrostid. il-

21, and in Mem. Acad. Pétersb. scr. 6, vi. 267; Steud. Si yn. Pl. Glum

i. 186. Saccharum spicatum, Linn. Sp. Plant. 54; not of Thunb.

Prodr. 20. ee spiceformis, ce fil. Suppl. 1

laa RE : Transvaal ; Bosch Veld, at prec sgn pedis

* Natal, near Du rban, bs slow 500 fi rége ! eys bet

Tageln pene Umpumulo, 100 , Buchanan, 168 ! a pitine sii a cl

Gerrard, 687! Delagoa "Bay, For

Throughout tropical Africa and rene

Saccharum spicatum of 'Thunberg’s Prodromus, 20, from Table sou j

refe “mit by him t to reheat is La ita in ieee el cret 192 (andin Fl Cap. e 416;

en Schult. 111). is Imperata arundinacea, Cyr., according to Nees ; ne there

no specimen of iti in . Phiteibeeg 8 heutasiadk

XLIX. TRAGUS, Haller. :

Spikelets sessile, in deciduous clusters of 2-4 on the filiform con-

tinuous axis of a cylindric, spike-like panicle ; rhachilla tough, nob

continued beyond the floret. Floret 1, $, somewhat shorter than |

the upper glume. Glumes very dissimilar, lower facing the rhac his,

minute, ayaline, or suppressed, upper 5-ribbed or 5-nerved, mem- ~

branous between the hispid or spine-hooked ribs or nerves, exeoaing

the valve, Valve lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, membranous,

3-nerved. Fale as long as the valve, 2-nerved. Lovicules 2, broad,

cuneate, fleshy. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, wey clonder ; sstigmas 2

narrow, plumose, terminally exserted. Grain enclosed by the valve

and pale, oblong to ellipsoid, slightly pinch from the backs

embryo about + 1 the length of the grain ; hilum punctiform, basal.

A or perennial; culms erect, tcening or ofl san ah blades eee” e

rather rigid boas cartilagin nous spinulous iliate 1 gins ; lignles reduced tof 4

delic ciliate rim; panicles ig jabaevte all. oe spikelets of a cluster a

fertile, or often 1 more or less red a

Species 2; one in South pay — other throughout the warm parts of both e

hemispheres, ‘

Culms more or less erect, 2-3-noded, with the uppe

internodes long exserted ; upper vans ee.

hispid or “pints ciliate — the nerves ; anthe

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;

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS —

OF THE

CAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, AND PORT NAT

(AND NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES) ae

By VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

C.LE., LLD., F.B.8. — cee

HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD,

DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

Tragus.| GRAMINES (Stapf). 577

Culms ascending or decumbent, 3-5-noded, with the

uppermost internodes cacti enclosed ; upper glume

acute, with rows of hooked spines on the stout ribs,

ey Np uiig the floret; anthers 8 —4 lin.

Ee ... (2) racemosus,

1, T. major (Stapf) ; ‘wrebeat culms erect or suberect from a

short slender rhizome or r fr om short rooting runners, ge Cs ae densely

tufted with short innovation-shoots, s slender, 1_]t Y ft. igh, glabrous,

tapering to a very acute point, 1-3in. by 1-2 lin., flat, rigid, glaucous,

closely striate; panicle 1-3 in. long, slender; axis pubescent or

glabrous below ; ; branches close or lowest more or less distant, very short,

ia -spiculate, continued beyond the uppermost spikelet; spikelets about

2 lin. long ; lower glumes minute, delicately hyaline, oblong-lanceolate,

acute or notehed, up to 8 ; jin. long; BAe midi glume lanceo-

gabrow; pale. a to the valve, obtuse or 3-toothe ge ;

lin

long or Fileacae 50, . racem i igh fg in Engl. Jahrb.

i. 397 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 733. T. occidentalis,

Nee, Fl, Afr. Austr. 72 (in part), not AT aiie. pon 286. T. ber-

lrvannay Dur Durand § Schinz, l.c. (in part), not T. berteronianus, Schult,

t Region : Cape Div.; above Sea Point, Wolley Dod, 1088! Uitenbag'

Div. £ Besentiphe Flats, Ecklon § Zeyher! Ba thurs Sikh ; Port Alfred, Hutton,

9a! Qu ueenstown Div. ; Shiloh, 3500 ft., san 94

CENTRAL REGION: Somerset Div ; ae ah Rive r, Baur! and bag

00 ft., Drége !

Katanart Ree@io : Griqualand West; Du‘oits Pan, Tuck! between Griqua

Town Vilage Water, Burchell, 1977! foot of the Asbestos Mountains, between

]

j Griqua T

1877! Bechuanaland; sandy plains near Kuruman, 4000 ft., Marloth, 1514!

r. ecient, —— Agrost. Bras. 286, is only a small state of T. racemosus,

All., and has escribed from Brazilian specimens. It occurs, however, alsu in

hy Old db eae one at least of Ecklon’s specimens, enumerated by Nees in Fl.

from

=e and prada ‘neanioek Went Div. | and aad tooth the ‘a River

- T. racemosus (All. Fl. Pedem. ii. 241); annual or subperen-

al); culms fascieled, ae gte or branched with the branches

578 GRAMINE& (Stapf). [ Tragus.

a internodes ee uppermost 1 or 2 usually enclosed,

m less than 1 to 4in. long; lowest sheaths short, broad, pallid,

usually embracing the base of the panicle; blades ee to lanceo-

late, acute, 1-2 in. by 1-2 lin., flat or wavy, rigid, very glaucous,

closely striate ; panicle 1-5 in. long, slender; axis Sheuiaht or slightly

saa oes scent 5 branches very elose or the lowest. distant, very

laneeolate-oblong, apiculate or mueronulate, 1-12 lin. long, thinly

Pek,

membranous, very minutely pubescent, faintly | Senerved ; pale sub-

acute, obscurely Danerved: anthers ellipsoid, in. long; grain

oblong to obovoid-ellipsoid, subterete, } lin. long. Beauv. Agrost.

23, t. vi. fig. 13; ; Nees, Agrost. Bras. 287; Fl. Afr. Austr. 73; Doel

in Mart. FI. Bras. ii. ii. 122; Hack. a Engl. Jahrb, xi. 3975

re § Schinz, Consp. FI. Afr. v. 733; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

97. . be ies I Schult. Mant. a. 205. T. berteroanus,

Duta § Schinz, le. 738. T. occidentalis, Nees, ll.ce. 286, and 72

(for on greatest part) respectively. TT. brevicaulis, Boiss. Diagn.

Or. Sér. 1

» Xl . Cenchrus racemosus, Linn, Spec. Pl. 1049;

Schreb. Behe Se. 45, t. iv. i tee oe Honck, Syn-

Pl. Germ. i. 440; Host, Gram. Austr. i. t. 36; Sibth. Fl. Graec-

tie ¥. 101; " Kunth, Rév. Gram. t. 120; Enum. i. 170; Suppl

124 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 30; Steud. Syn. Pl. hie he 112

L. aliena, Spreng. Neue Entdeck. iii, 15; Steud. Le. L.

phleoides and L, rk Fig. De Not. in Act. ra "Tova

1854, 360 and 387, t. 38, fig. 1-12, and t. 37, fig. 1-12.

Coast ReGion: Uite a Div. ; without — oT Zeyher! Albany

Div. ; Bothas Hill, MacOrsing 571! Quee n Div. ; plains near Que eenstowns

3500 ft., Galpin, 2350! Wod se Div. ; inde, 3000 fe. Bar, 979! t

CENTRAL EGION : Graaff ge Div. ; ; stony plac r Graaft Reinet,

2500 ft., Bolus, 554! Albert Div.; without precise, locality, rye 640! i,

CALAHARI REGION: =e ~ bebe Hay riqua Town, Burche

1988! between Griqua Tow Water, Burchell 1973/2! sandy pisces

near Siwherlay, 44000 ft, Maun. fa 858! Orange Free State, near r Boshol,

Barber

Eastern Region : Natal ; banks of Tugela River near Colenso, $000 ft., de

4417! banks of lower Tagela "Rivas, 600 ft., Buchanan, 175! and without precise

Tovatity, Gerrard, 673! —— Bay Forbes !

Throughout most warm regio

The figure i in ‘mre deol ‘te c., represents oe anthers as linear and as lon, ise

isin TJ. major; but this is evidently an error. never found t ail otherw

eves Bod pre above, and so they are ter by all authors cited,

Beau

L. SPOROBOLUS, R. Br.

Spikelets usually very small, variously panicled, continuous 0 et

pedicels; rhachilla more or Paani readily disarticulating above

except

acetal at eee

TT eee

Sporobolus. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 579

glumes, not continued, or very rarely isis — a bristle. Floret

1, 3. Glumes 2, delicat tely membranous, lower usually smaller,

nerveless, upper 1-nerved, falling away one a vat the other. Valve

grain. Lodicules 2,small, broadly cuneate, glabrous, thin. Stamens

3, rarely 2. Ovary glabrous; styles short, distinct, terminal ;

stigmas plumose or subaspergilliform. Grain free, falling out or

retained and dehiscing; pericarp thin, usually swelling in water,

or the inner layers mucilaginous when wetted, and

adherent, or the whole pericarp adnate and indistinct; hilum small,

punctiform, basal; embryo rather large.

ee or perennials of various habit ; ligules reduced to a ciliate or ciliolate

anicles contracted to age -like, or more or less open, sometimes extremely

ie: ’ bpiteelate mostly 4-1 tea ong.

Species 60-70, chiefly in the tropical and subtropical regions of both

Gonitaaharag.

Section 1. KEu-Sporozotus (Stapf). Rhachilla long, not produced.

Culms from a bea inches to 1 ft. long, very slender,

ew-n 3 uppermost node sem much below the

middle ; all the oe a Pe east the culm-blades,

ow panicle ate, je n divaricate (except

o. 1. 8. a Deans) . pen Tess than 1 lin. toner,

rarely 1 lin, (no. 1. S. albicans

Valve 3-nerved (often very faintly, or 1-nerved in

. S. festivus), eeurne the glumes:

set

Panicle co tracted, somewhat spike-like ;

blades (1) albicans.

nicle slp blades obtuse or truncate (2) tenellus.

Seed not mucilaginous ; pericarp swelling ir

Rhiaome much branched; branches dis-

net; blades subulate; panicle dicho-

pecan divaricate, very lax . . (3) acinifolius.

Compactly cwspitose ; it with a

coat of fibres —

> us

preceding (4) festivus var.

stuppeus.

Valve re —_ as long as the upper glume

Cul n shoots in small fascicles;

blades “denticulatesmbriate, 4 3-1 in. long (5) discosporus.

Culm barren shoots from. an oblique

or "ucaind rhizome ; nea ag margins

smooth :

Rhizome creeping; barren shoots very te

short, cylindric, distinct (6) Ludwigii.

Rhizome | oblique 5 ; sec shoots much

(7) ioclados.

onger mpact tu

Culms }-2 ft. long, 2-1- pebel slender ; uppermos

usually much below the mi idle; ; blades agi —

Pp?

580 GRAMINEA (Stapf). [ Sporobolus.

usually setaceously convolute ; goes ie am or spike- ;

like, rather dense ;_ spikelets ts 14-2} li lin. long . (8) centrifugus.

ich

4-1 ft. long; panicle narrow, oblong, 5-14 ft. long,

with age lower oe oe spreading and

13 i . long, o

Doge po tg janatiag or slightly exceeding the

valve : |

Panicle at ie i aga lax ; blades 3-4 lin. ;

broad, most] .. (9) Rehmannl.

Spikelets crowded. 0 e branchlet ets, ofte

3 blades Bid siinek narrower cai :

: (10) fimbriatus. |

Upper peak slightly exceeding 4 ‘of the valve ; hot

anicle narrowly oblong or spike-like .. (11) indicus.

Culms very many-noded, from a creeping stoloniferous

favo ; leaves often apparently subopposite ; blades |

ostly short, subpungent ; aoe cle more or less

bare spike-like —... ; .. (12) pungen

Section 2. CHmToRHACHIA (Staph. Rhachilla eae Wes! into a = half

as aa ne almost as long as the flore

Only species ons eek ed . (13) subtilis.

1. §. albicans (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. ore) tufted ; culms :

1-6 in. long, — glabrous, smooth, 1-2 noded, sheathed almost all |

along; basal leaves densely imbricate ; ; shenths glabrous, smoot th,

the tomex short, broad, the upper long, very tight ; ligule a ciliolate

riin ; blades lanceolate to linear, usually i involute and sabpungent ,

the lowest 2-3 lin. by 1 lin. (when expanded), the upper up to lj in. &

broad, rigid, glabrous, smooth below, densely a ar? and almos ‘7

white above; panicle spike-like, 11 -2 in. long, e branches |

solitary, adpressed to the rhachis, up to 9 lin. ean pa a laxly |

branched, smooth; pedicels capillary, as long as the spikelets o"

lanceolate-oblong, obtuse to aabecilts l-nerved, equalling 3-%

es valve chtong, gs re 3 -nerved ; pale slightly —

mens 3; anthers + lin. ae grain ¢ globose- ellipsoid, very slight y

dirasieien, rounded = the back, 3 lin. long, pericarp delicate

mucilaginous ; albumen opa que. Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl.

v. nie Vilfa wiisienka: Trin. Agrostid. 79 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Gum.

Bow, 00 Bee Queenstown Div. ; between Table Mountain and Wildschuts

2. S. tenellus (Kunth, Enum. i. 215); perennial, <a

cespitose ; rhizome much br anched ; branches short, densely cove™

with the imbricate pereiiiaye sheath-bases and sheaths; culms eal

very slender, 2-6 in. long, glabrous, smooth, 1-noded ; sheaths hs of the"

ren shoots and rae ‘leaves short, broad, closely imbricate,

glabrous, smooth, of the culms narrow, tight scarcely striate ; ligt

Sporobolus. } GRAMINEE (Stapf), 581

a minutely ciliolate rim; blades ovate or lanceolate to linear, obtuse

to truncate, the lower 2-6 lin. by }—% lin., flat or folded, very rigid,

spreading, glaucous, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous above, margins

cartilaginous, smooth ; panicle erect, ovate, 1-2 in. by —1i in. very

lax ; branches solitary, obliquely erect, capillary, smooth, branched

from the middle ; branchlets divaricate, usually simple, 2-4-spiculate;

pedicels very fine, longer than the spikelets, the latter subseeund,

purplish, Z lin, long; glumes obtuse, ovate-oblong, the lower equalling

rather more than 1 of the spikelet, nerveless, hyaline, the upper

slightly exceeding 1 of the spikelet, 1-nerved ; valve broadly oblong,

subobtuse in profile, 3-nerved ; pale equalling the valve; stamens 3;

nthers } lin. long; grain orbicular-elliptic, 3 lin. long, half as thick

as broad, rounded at the back ; testa mucilaginous. S. brevifolius,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 160; Hack. in Engl. Jahrb. xi. 401;

v. 819. Ehrharta tenella,

evifolia, Nees in

Gram. 154,

ENTRAL ReeGion: Beaufort West Div. ? Beaufort, Zeyher! Graaff Reinet

2000 ft., Drége ; and without precise locality,

Div.; Carolus Poort, Burchell, 2756!

Katanart Rraion: Griqualand West; at Kimberley, in sandy depressions,

ft., Marloth, 884! Orange Free State ; between Kimberley and Bloem-

fontein, Buchanan, 286! Bechuanaland; stony plains near Kuruman, 4000 ft.,

Marloth, 1517!

The plant collected by Marloth at Kimberley is Hackel’s variety major. The

only difference indicated by the author is in the longer leaves.

3. S. acinifolius (Stapf) ; perennial, cespitose ; rhizome slender,

branched, with numerous short n shoots ; culms subasecending,

q d

node much longer than 2 of the eulm ; leaves of the n sh

and those at the base of the culms densely crowded, distichous; lower

sSheat m, persistent, prominently striate, glabrous, smooth, culm

f d

pedicels 3-5 lin, long ; spikelets oblong, light purplish, 3~¢ lin. long;

glumes subequal, hyaline, broadly oblong or elliptic, obtuse, nerveless,

the lower equalling 1, the upper % of the spikelet ; valve oblong,

obtuse, delicate, hyaline above, 3-nerved, all the nerves evanescent

above the middle ; pale slightly shorter; stamens 3, anthers } lin.

long ; grain shortly pyriform, * lin. long, light brown, compressed,

as rounded, pericarp thin; testa not mucilaginous; albumen

que,

reagpanant REGIon: Griqualand West, Hay Div. ; at Griqua Town, Burchell,

582 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Sporobolus,

4. §. festivus (Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 398) var.

stuppeus (Stapf); perennial, compactly tufted; culms erect or

sea ascending, re der, 1-1 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 2-3-

noded ; upper sheaths glabrous except at the ciliate margins, smooth,

the tte short, firm, at length breaking up into numerous persistent

fibres, about } in. long, the inner covered with pallid tow-like hairs ;

ligules a minutely ciliolate or almost woolly rim; blades narrowly

linear, tapering to an acute point, usually setaceously convolute,

1-2 in. long, rarely more, by 1 lin, (when expanded), ¢ clabrous, smooth ;

panicle oblong to ovate, erect, 2-4 in. by 1-14 in, lax; rhachis

straight ; branches solitary, or amen fascicled, at length spread-

ing, liform to capillary, repeatedly branched from near the base;

secondary branchlets flexuous, he ary ; pedicels extremely fine,

smooth, 2—3 times the length of the pikelets, rarely longer ; spikelets

oblong, rather obtuse, purplish, 3 8 in, long or rather less;

hyaline, acute or acuminate, minutely denticulate, the lower oblong,

erred: almost 3 the length of the spikelet, the upper ovate, nerve-

less or faintly 1-nerved, about 2 the length of the spikelet; valve

oblong, obtuse or subacute in profile, 1- to sub-3-nerved ; pale

slightly shorter; stamens 3; anthers 2 lin. long; grain globose-

ellipsoid, 1 lin. long, pericarp swelling and Barihins in Nias. seed

free, compressed, oo quadrangular ; albumen

KatanaRI REGIO « Tranavaal; Nylstroom River distant at te Fontein,

Springbok Vlatke, Miao, 274!

EastERN REGION: Natal ; Umsinga and at the base of Biggars Berg,

Buchanan, 96!

Also in Nyasaland and Jur.

_ The type, which is known from Abyssinia, Eritrea and aay wURny pe! differs

athe fs st of the peculiar fibrous coating of the culm-bas

ry lax

es. ,

iiivaric ate panicles and slightly larger spikelets with iba ab hme “shorter

nother variety with similar fibrous tufts to those of var, stwppeus, but

without the tow-lik m, Ww ulms usually taller, larger panicles and

smaller spikelets (slightly exceeding 3 lin. Jong). occurs in most parts of tropical

Africa, from the Niger and Nubia to ‘the Zambesi

5. 8. discosporus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 158); perennial, tufted,

with short barren shoots from the base of the culms; the latter

4-8 in. pe slender, on ak smooth, 1—3-noded ; sheaths a oF

close ; pil erect, oblong to dias lax, 1-2 in. by ner in. 5

spreading at right angles, capillary, amooth, usually simple, 6-3

spiculate from the middle; lateral pedicels very short gar

secund, drooping, + lin. long, dark purplish or olive-green;

very dissimilar, the lower equalling 3} the length pike

ovate, acute, hyaline, nerveless, the upper as long as ais gg an

; a

fee eee SP Te ERI a eS

Sporobolus. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 585

like it, but firmer, oblong-ovate, acute, by -nerved ; pale as long as the

valve; stamens 3; ers about } lin. long, elliptic ; ng

lenticular, 3 lin. long, very flat with ated edges.

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v 820. S. blephariphyllus, nd Rich. Tone,

Fl. Abyss. ii. 398 ; Durand J Schinz, le. 818. Triachyrium disco-

gd —— Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 176. T. adoénse, Hochst. ex A.

Rich,

CEN sc FGION: Colesberg Div.; between Plettenbergs Beacon and “ Flat

Station,” Burchell, 2750! Colesberg, Shaw, 7! Aliwal North Div. ; on a rocky

plateau at Kraai River, 4500 ft., Drége ’

Katanaki —— on: Orange Free State; Thaba Unchu, Burke!

Also in Abyssini

ae to S. sovslaconastionn Kunth, but distinguished by the lenticular

grain, &e,

udwigii ease in Flora, 1846, 118); peal

obseurely striate ; Teak a line short hai ; blades seh

subobtuse, the lower 3-6 lin. by - —1 lin., the paheiasaigh rudimentary,

flat, rigid, often eurled, glabrous, smooth, or minutely puberulous

be slow; margins cartilaginous, smooth ; panicle erect, ovate,

1-3 in, b 3-2 j in.; branches 5-— 2-nate or solitary, oblique-erect,

subcapillary, smooth, branched from the middle, or simp. ch-

lets 2-4-spiculate ; lateral pedicels very short ; spikelets close, secund,

dark olive-green, % lin. lo ng; glumes very unequal, obtuse, the

lower ovate, 1 lin. long, hyaline, nerveless, the upper oblong,

l-nerved ; valve like the upper glume, but slightly shorter ; pale

slightly shorter than the valve; stamens . anthers } lin. long.

Durand & nga eee Fl. Afr. v. 821. Vilfa Ludwigit, Stend.

Syn. PL. Gum. i, 15

CENTRAL = sae Reinet Div. ; on stony heights by the Sunday

River, 1500-2000 ft., Drage!

Katanart REGION: South-western Transvaal ? , Batlapin Territory, Hes

ve specimens cited above have been issued pie S. brevifolius, N. ab,

7. 8. ioclados be Fl. Afr. Austr. 161); perennial; rhizome

oblique, emer beset with barren shoots and the basal portions of

dead shoots; culm ni ate-ascending, 1-1} ft. long, glabrous,

ligule a ciliolate ayn blades linear, tapering to a long fine point,

3-6 in. by 12 lin. (when expanded), flat or setaceously convolute,

subglaucous, glabrous, smooth below, scaberulous above ; ; panicle

584 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). siti.

1 of the

upper glume ; pale slig eal shorter ; stamens 3; anthers + lin. long;

grain obovoid, truncate, obtusely duadrangulr, slightly compressed,

1 lin. long; pericarp thin. urand z, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

821. ee ioclados, Nees ex Trin. peer ee Steud. Syn. Pi.

Glum. i

Coast ci Uitenhage Div.; Springbok Flats, by the Zwartkops

River, Ecklon

ENTRAL REGION: Prince Albert Div.; Gamka Poort, Mund S Maire!

Calvinia Div. ; Uien Vallei, 2000 ft., Drége. Richmond Div. ; Winter Veld,

between Nie euwjaa rs Fontein ae mo naite.g 3000-4000 ft., Dre éege! Colesberg

Diy. iggy aera 4500 ft.

_ The Indian iS heer oe f. Fl, Brit. Ind. vii, 249) has the upper

horter than the valve.

8. cr (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 158) ; Ss ligne com-

pactly hel: culms erect, rather slender, *—2 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, usually 2, rarely 1-noded ; lower sheaths very firm, per-

sistent, 1-1} in. ‘long, “glabrous except the usually long- ciliate

margins, som ekinies hairy all over, smooth, finely striate, upper tight,

the uppermost up to ? ft. long; ligule a were (eae ciliolate rim ;

blades linear, usually very narrow, tapering to an acute point,

3-10 in. by 12 lin., involute, often pre ain hapa those of

the barren shoots, rarely flat, firm, more or less glaucous, glabrous,

except the often ‘serrulate-fimbriate lower margins, rarely scantily

hairy, smooth below, subscaberulous above, margins rough oF

tubercled ; age erect ovate or ovate-oblong, 1-4 in. by 3-2 in.,

erect or spreading. filiform , smooth, branched from the middle oF

above it; branchlets contracted ; lateral pedicels very short ; spikelets

rather crowded tow ards the tips of the branches, dark olive-grey ’

~~ 21 ae Sate ca hgtiape: the lower lanceolate- early gsr or

side-nerves : ee ae. the valve; stamens a an

long. Durand & Schinz, » one Fl. Afr. v. 819. VVitja nn fied

Trin. Agrostid. 35; Steud. Syn. Pl. hues. i. 154.

Var. 8, angustus (Nees, l.c. 159) ; nope setaceous ; panicle linear or spike-

like ; branches very short, branched from

Coa peoete ee Catheart Div. ; rae Windvogel Mountain and Zwart

ar River, Drége

pom Reciox > Alieal aes pie ce ie wae, Bergen, 4000-6000 ft-,

ithe REGION : Orange Free State; on the Drakens Bergen, ne?

Har — a 117!

ERN : Tembuland ; Bazeia, Baur, 555 ! Griqualand East, —

scan ren ar Kobstad, 5100 ft. , Tyson, 1473! Nat: tal; near Durban, Wil/iamson, °°

ee ee a ee

Sporobolus. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 585

Durban Flats, rar sien 42! i on bare hills at Umpumulo, “es ft.

cami 297 ! singa and base of Biggars Berg, Buchanan, 92! V . B:

nskei ; ig Geka u (Geua or Gann) River and Bashee River, Drége. Natal ;

he da, Rehmann, 8254! Wood, 1578! Zululand, 1000 ft., Buchanan, 300!

The type also in Nyasaland.

8. Rehmanni (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 383); perennial ;

Ba rather robust, geniculate, more or less compressed below,

2-4 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 3—4-noded ; leaf-sheaths rather tight,

the lower slipping from the culms and rolling » or folding, broad,

34 lin., flat or almost so, be Seb glabrous or tubercled and hicpih

primary nerves distant; panicle erect, narrow, Weotshog: g, 1-12 ft. a

filiform, smou seitle 0 or ghieineie 1-3 in fy Nag loosely and eae

branched, the lowest sends Sette up to 9 lin. long; antares pedicels

extremely short; spikelets olive-grey, lanceolate- oblon * to almost

1 lin. lon ng ; glumes unequal, the lower oblong, slabane, oe

about 2 the length of the spikelet, the upper lanceolate-oblong, acute,

about + the length of the spikelet, 1-nerved ; valve like i upper

glume, but longer ; pale almost equalling the valve; stamens 3;

anthers 2 Jin, long

ae ReGion : Transvaal; Bosch Veld, at Kiippan, Rehmann, 5373!

EASTERN rere on Natal ; Durban Flats, Buchanan nm, 6! at the borders s

woods near the Umlazi River, Krauss, 7 partly! Tugela River, 600-1C00

Nuthin, Sei k 246!

10. S. fimbriatus (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 156); perennial, densely

tufted ; culrid usually geniculate, 2-3 ft. long, smooth, glabrous,

2-4-node ; sheaths glabrous except the sometimes ciliate or

the margiris rolled aa sabeats us, aa! with long fine spreading

hairs near the base, smooth or scaberulous ; panicle erect, subflexuous

or nodding, 8-12 in. by 1-2 in. (when o pen) ; branches solitary,

irregularly crowded, 1-3 in. long, flat, at length more or less spreading,

filiform, repeatedly branched frotn the base, lower secondary beach

lets up to 9 lin. long, smooth or almost so; lateral pedicels very

5 gth of the spikelet, the upper as long as

the valve or slightly longer, 1-nerved ; valve ovate- gence’, acute

: ,

ong ; pericarp delicate. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 820.

Vilfa fimbriata, Trin. Agrostid. 47; Stew?. Syn, Pl. Glum., i, 156,

586 G@RAMINE® (Stapf). [ Sporobolus,

Coast REGION: Uitenhage Div.; Springbok Flats by the Zwartkops River,

Cextrat REGION: see — Div.; stony hills near Graaff Reinet,

2600 ft., Bolus, 555! gg = Div.; near Somerset East, Bowker ! Colesbere

a REGION: Griqualand West, sie piss St. pe tt . Ola

Orpen, 248! Hay Div.; Griqua Town, Burch 43/1 !

Town and Witte Water, Bur chell, 1982! 1982/2 r yp Roi Free State, ‘Winbere

nati as sie ig precise locality, Buchanan, 273! 277! ‘Transvaal ;

ig do rg, athe ! Natal; Saal Durban, below 500 ft., Drége ! and

vito pei ca ty, , rard, 602

ii (Hack. in Engl. Jahr " 401) seems to be a state of bes

w it phen lunes an nd valves. Hackel’s vlads drsics pte agrees otherwise

point for point h 8. fimbriatus. S. Marlothii was collected by Marloth, near

Koo Fontein, ons east of Kuruman, Bechuanaland.

11. S. indicus (R. Br. Prodr. 170); perennial, tufted; culms

erect, 2-3 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, usually 2-node below the

except at the often ciliate margins, smooth, the lowest sometimes

compressed, short, broad, pallid, “the upper tight ; ete a minutely

ciliolate rim ; blades linear, long tapering toa : fine point, 4 to almost

12 in. by 1- 1 lin., usually convolute, glabrous, smooth ; panicle

erect, spike “like, slender, often interrupted cipal branches —

denticulate, about + the length of the spikelet, nerveless, the upper

ovate- -oblong, acute or psi about > the length of the spikelet,

sometimes l-nerved; valve anceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate,

ceded. pale psa shorter; stamens 3; anthers } lin. ns 3

grain ellipsoid, truncate, quadrangular, slightly compressed, } lin.

long, brown; pericarp thin. Kunth, Enum. i. 211; Durand §

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 820 (partl y); K. Schum. in Engl. Pf.

Ost-Afr. C. 107 (partly). S. indicus, var. capensis, Engl. Hoehge-

birgsfl. Trop. Afr. 127. 8. capensis, Kunth, Enum. i. 212; Hochst.

S. ruppeliana, Hochst. ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 160. Panicum

caudatum, Thunb. Prod. 19. Agrostis spicata, Thunb. Prod. 19;

Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 106. A. capensis, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 372. A-

yey Poir. Encyc. Suppl. i. 254. Vilfa capensis, Beauv.

16; Trin, Spee. Gram. Ie. t. 56 ; Agrostid. 72 ; Nees in

ane vii. 293 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. woe i 160. V. phan

Steud. Le. Vilfa indica, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 162; Baker, F.

it, 449,

Var. B, a Stapf) ; usually more shea panicle port - 1} ft. long +

branches m mg tant, longer, more or less spreading ; spi n secund.

Ss, i endadaalah, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 155 ot Beawy. 8. aie yas Duran nd &

Schinz, Cons sp. Fl. Afr. v. 822. ae nolelevee: Steud, Syn, Pl. Glum. i. 154,

Vilfa capensis, var. lava, Nees

ee Oe oe a ee ae

Ecklon

near anaticeds: Ecklon! by the railway near Rondeboseb, Wolley Dod, 3344!

lbagh T

Sporobolus. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 587

TH AFRICA: without precise locality, Thunberg! Mund & Maire!

Zeyher 4497 !

ae Div. ; wet rocky places on Table say es and Devils

acl Ecklon, 941! Drége! Lion Mountain, Dré Devils Mountain,

* Daiker Vallei below ‘'yger Mountain, etd by the vineyards

Talbagh Div. ; Tulbagh "Waterfall, Ecklon, Stellenbosch Div.; Hottentots

Holland, Ecklon. a Div.; near Caledon and Genadendal, Ecklon.

Robertson Div.; Boschjes Veld, "Thom, 1077! Riversdale Div. ; hills near the

ot ae River, Bur oo seed “aa Port Elizabeth Div.; Port Elizabeth,

E.S.C enhage Div.; Zwartkops River, Ecklon. Albany

ae near Gr rahamstown, 3000 ft., MacOwan, 13809! Var. 8: Cape Div.; Devils

eae in, Ecklon. Knysna Div.; Plettenbergs Bay, Mund & Maire! near

Mevile, " Guest, 5472! Uitenhage Div.; Uitenhage, Harvey, 101! Port

Elizabeth Div.; near the Leadmine, Burchell, 4486! Bathurst ae Kasuga

Rive MacOw 1015! Komgha Div.; near Komgha, Flanag

R Natal, rrard, 688! Bs Tembu wh Bazeia,

000 ft , 405! atal, ‘‘all over the ec may Buchanan, 243! ne

Durban, pSoemnt ge ve ae O01! at the borders of woods near the ire River,

Krauss, 7 _/ partly ! between the Unzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers,

Also in German East ee and Abyssinia, in the Mascarene ali and St..

Helena, and in Australia

— Indian form of S. indicus is pee anetin with the American 8S. tenacissimus,

Beauv., which Doell maintains as a distinct species. It has smaller spikelets and

R. Br ( ot Dura in which

ndigenous in Africa, is a different diandrous ‘ow the area of which extends

hen Australia and New Caledonia to China and Jap

12. 8. pu ngens (Kunth, Rév, Gram. i. 68); perennial; rhizome

often long creeping, stoloniferous ; stolons emitting fas scicled or

solitary ascending culms, these 2-12 in. long, alabrous, very many-

noded, sheathed nearly all along, internodes alternately very short

margins and bearded at the mouth, smooth ; ligule a ciliolate rim ;

blades subulate-involute, often pungent, rarely flat towards the base,

from }~4 in. long, rigid, firm, closely and strongly nerved, clabrous

or scantily long-hairy above, margins scaberulous ; aaa spike-like,

cylindric, compact, rarely somewhat loosened, }~3 in. long; —_

short, branched from the base, scaberulous ; sociable very short

Spikelets light to dark olive-green, 1-11 lin. long ; glumes ri Aloe rig

acute or acuminate, keels acute, scaberulous above, the lower

equalling 3—* of the upper, the latter as long as the valve or bee

longer and like it 1-nerved ; oll slightly shorter ; stamens 3;

anthers 3—] lin, ; ; grain ellipsoid, } lin. long, light brown ; ‘peep

thin. Kunth, ‘Bren: i. 210; Coss. i Pkt Expl. Seient, Algér.

n Os. littorults, Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 68; Enum. i, 913 ;

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 821. 8. vinginiou, Kunth, Rev.

Gram. i. 67; Enum. i. 210; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. ; Durand J

Schinz, 1c. 824. 8. Matrella, Nees, le. 152 Lunda yi Schinz, le.

822, ’s. arenarius, Duval-Jouve in Bull. Soe. Bot. France, xvi. 294 ;

Durand § Schins, le. 818. Agrostis arenaria, Gouan, Il. § Obs.

Bot. 3, A, pungens, Schreb, Beschreib. Graes. ii. 46, t. 27, fig. 3 ;

588 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Sporobolus.

Cav. Icon. §& Deser. ii. t. 111; ee Te. Fl. Germ. i. ¢. XXXvi.

fig. 1487. A. barbata, Pers. Syn. i i. 75. A. littoralis, ‘Lam. Ilustr.

i. 161. A. virginica, Linn. Sp. Ps 63. Vilfa pungens, Beauv.

Spec. G ; } ;

Syn. Pl. rns i. 157. Vi - vw rginicay ge Le.; Trin. Spee.

GC . Ne

: 5 m, i. 157;

Doell in tat Fl. ‘Bra ii. il, 30, vill. oon 1. Vilfa barbata,

Beauv. lc. V. itor Beauv. lc. ; Steud. le. 162. V. murina,

Sieb. ex Steud. Le. . Podosemum pungens, Link, Hort. Berol.

eo) eee oe neem Link. lc. 85. Calotheca satatoos, Steud. in

Flora, 1829, 488. Phalaris disticha, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.- -Arab. 17 (?).

Zoysia pungens, Neesin Linnea, vii. 399. Cr, rypsis maritima, Munro

ex MacOwan in Cape Monthly Mag. new series, iii. (1871), Suppl. 7

South AFrica: ge oe. = Boivin! Mund §° Maire! Zeyher!

Coase gta vio se Green Point, Ecklon! in saline soil near Doorn

Hoogte and between Ty ger B org snd Simons Ber ore, 100-200 ft., Drege! Muizen-

Burchell, 4032 | mouth of the Kaan and Kowie Eieir, ‘Wade an, 710!

RN REGION: a neg N kata iid; in sandy saline plains at the mouth

of the Sas hiiver, Dré '

ASTERN REGION: Natal ; at the mouth of the Umzimkulu River, Dréve!

coe around Durban Bay, Krauss, 67 !

very variable litoral plant of most warm countries. The specimens from

Polo Division and from Natal are rather different in habit from the western,

approaching the form common in the Mediterranean region which originally was

understood under S. pungen

13. 8. subtilis (Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. t. 124); perennial,

densely cesspitose, sometimes stoloniferous, erect, 1-1} ft. long,

puna glabrous, about 4-noded, internodes enclosed or shortly

xserted ; leaves glabrous, smooth; sheaths very tight, m more or less

enule at the mouth; ligule a minutely eiliolate rim; blades very

narrow, setaceously als apg acute, 2-5 in. long, striate ; panicle

embraced at the base by the uppermost sheath, “ovoid to oblong;

open, = lax, 2-4 in. tie much ger iggy and

up to 5 lin. Resi: in the = nae Utila, ; spikelets lanceolate,

acute, 3 lin. long; rhachilla produced into a fine bristle half as lo

to almost as long as the floret; glumes subequal, veaegagiin .

; v

profile, acute, 1-3 ng, lower I-, w 1—3-nerved; V

ovate-lanceolate in profile, 2 lin. long, 3-nerved, lateral nerves

evanescent above the middle; pale as long the valve or very

slightly longer ; keels very fine, pereurrent or evanescent below the

subciliolate tips; anthers ms om long; grain oblong, = lin. by

1-1 lin., subterete, finely stria pericarp adnate to he seed,

indistinct ; aie not quite 3 $ the length of the grain. Ku i

Enum. i, 215; Suppl, 171 ; Krauss in Flora, 1846, 118; Duran

]

Sporobolus. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 589

5 Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 824. Vilfa saith Trin. Agrostid,

66, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb, sér. 6, v. part. ii, 88; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 159.

EASTERN ReGion: Natal; grassy flats between Umlazi River and Durban

Bay, Kauss, 212! :

Also in —

The 1 plant differs from the Madagascar specimens which I have seen

(Hildebrantt, 4906; Baron, 672 and 4092) in the much shorter ramifications of

the agua The — of a bristle-like continuation of the r rhachilla is

ullique e genu e structure of the spikelet is, however, otherwise

essentially iat 4 F Sporobolus s, it does not seem expedient to separate this species

at gen

LI. POGONARTHRIA, Stapf.

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile, more or less imbricate,

secund on the irregularly agri wai branehes of a pani le ; ;

‘ 3

tips of the joints eiliate. Flo oe 0-8 3. Glumes rigidly =

branous, l-nerved. Valves — rigidly membranous, ae

quite glabrous, 3-nerved ; side-nerves evanescent above the middle.

Puales 2-keeled, slightly gota than the valves. Lodieules 2, minute,

delicate. Stam mens 3. ry glabrous; styles distinct; stigmas

Plumose, Gratin tightly embraced by the scarcely altered valve and

pale, linear-oblong, obtusely triquetrous or oval in eross s section ;

embryo less than - r the length of the grain; hilum basal, punctiform.

Perennial, stiff ; ‘tails s rigid, usually convolute; ligule a fringe of cilia;

panicles straight, with spreading more or less curved branches in irregular spirals ;

spikelets secund, crowded, livid, seta or dark gre

Species 1, in tropical South-east Africa, and in ckeioitaghe ‘al South Africa.

Hackel, who described the only species of this genus under Leptochloa, has

already remarked, that it differs considerably from all other species of Leptochloa.

spikelets, the glumes and ‘poe hich are more rigi pews

urplis' dark grey, an neigh whilst the tips A the S rheckliia ied joi

are yim ; the valves resemble ore of En oe: pq Leptochloa, saat

Hodes Actus exserted ; rote ss tight, terete, smooth, mouth

bearded ; Tigule a fringe of minute a blades linear, etacooualy

subglaucous, cuits smooth, striate ; ‘aside linear, 4-10 in, j2in., -

usually straight ; rhaehis ‘suleate, scaberulous ; branches often 2~5

close together, more or less s spreading, usually curved, up to | in. un

flat o on the back, wavy, simple, bearing spikelans from the base, sca

spikelets 11-3 lin, long, livid, purplish or r dark grey ; rhachilla jo int

up to 2 lin, lon g; glumes lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, reddish

subacuminate, pat a lower 3-3 I!n. lor g, upper “Ey lin. long

590° GRAMINEX (Stapf). | Pogowarthria.

valves lanceolate in protile, oblong when expanded, acutely acuminate

or mucronulate, 1 lin, long; callus very minute, obtuse, glabrous;

pales 1 lin. long; keels scabrid ; lodicules } lin. kong : ag

’_1 lin, long; grain linear-oblong ‘oval in cross section, $ lin

Stapf i in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 2610. rie aes Jalcata, Hack. ¢ in ; Bull.

Herb. Boiss. ii. 586, and iv. App. 21. Eragrostis sp., Nees

in Linnea, xx. 255. EL. Marlothii, Hack in Engl. Jahrb. xi, 404

(from the description).

LA ION : Griqualand West, Herbert Div.; St. Clair, rie

Orpen, 256! Hay Div.; at the foot of the neo Mountains, between the

Kloof Village and Witte Water, Burchell, 2101! Orange Free State, Olifants

Fontein, Rekmann, 3514! ro n sy hills by pe reat Vet River a

Little 4000-5000 {t. , : !

Rehmann, 3753! Basutoland; Leribe, Buchanan, 128! Trausvaal; Bosch Veld,

between Eland River and Klippan, Rehmann, 5118! near Lydenburg, Atherstone,

int

TERN Reoion: Natal; Tugela River, 600 ft., Buchanan, 242! at Umlaas

Drift, “Wo od, 1910!

Also in tropical South Africa as far as the Zambesi.

LI. DIPLACHNE, Beauv.

Spikelets ged pedicelled or subsessile, somewhat distant or

remote on the simple slender branches of a panicle; rhaehilla

disarticulating fis the glumes and between the Valea, glabrous.

Florets 2-10, 3, or the uppermost reduced. Glumes unequal ot

suboasal,. 2 Sm a l-nerved, keeled, persistent. Valves oblong

the lower pate of p Bigs ves or aninetiines quite pene side-

nerves percurrent or Mrscat (or sometimes very shortly) excurrent.

Pales 2-keeled, sahorjet than the valves. Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy,

nerved. Stam 3. vary glabrous; styles distinct, slender ;

stigmas p. pias. Siteesliy exserte ted. Grain enclosed by the slightly

altered valve and ae oblong to obovoid-oblong eee eer

engt

of see grain; hilum um pun inctiform

ostly perennial, nese am Bickle coarse grasses; blades long, rnc =~

or "tavele pe ce Soom sometimes reduced to a rim; panicles

sisting of sen ally long, simple, loosely spike-like and more or “ess

distant rae oy 3 peer light or olive-green, often tinged with purple anf

Z — about 12, mainly in the warm regions of the Old World and in North

merica

The genus, as usually understood, consists of Soe i ag elemen =

— given here applies to about a dozen species which erie "youn

D. fascicularis, Beauv., on which the ‘ne a founded ; rn definition 35;

cones, not quite manasa * some of the American species and the species

of the D. serotina group req he pone

Culms erent or ascen ding, or y 3-5-

n blades 3-9 in, Soli: mace - sgn Sieiet

never pungen mt :

Diplachne.| GRAMINEX (Stapf). 591

sein tc aprticaes ed, light ti ENT EPROe » valves

wnles much com

“Blade 8 hm or less flaec Tgules very short ;

valves obtuse, tips ratty hya (1) Eleusine.

lades more or less rigid ; eng sa to 24 lin.

long ; valves usually m inutel y emarg ginate,

sata Sibi R, minute tooth on each side and

(2) fusea.

Spikelets "34 ried red, reddis h; “valves: ‘shortly

d from sala the tips ; grain terete ... (3) biflora.

Culms densely fascicled with rous innova ts

m 2 rong goat distichously leafy all

along ; blades 4-2 j ong, convolute-subulate, pun- : ;

gent, very rigid .., aoe a Sar ... (4) paucinervis.

1. D. Ele corns o- Fl. Afr. Austr. 255); perennial, glabrous ;

ae tufted, 1-2 ft. long, geniculately ascending, terete, smooth,

mple or ae below, 3-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths

tahoe tight and firm, smooth, the lower keeled; ligules membranous,

very short, tenncate, ‘denticulate, ciliate ; blades linear, tapering to a

fine point, 4-9 in. by 1-2 lin., more or "less flaccid, scabrid on both

sides or rather smooth below ; panicle narrow, consisting of 2-8

erect, distant spikes or spike- like racemes ; rhachis angular, core

scaberulous or almost aiOUED branches 1-4 in. long, flexuous ;

)-8-flowered, light green; glumes lanceolate in profile, obtuse or

subacute, t nd It ie long —— whitish, keel green ;

valves oblong, i ‘obtuse, entire, 2 lin. long, tips “broad,

hyaline, a iake finely silky, aad * below the nee : pales

obtuse ; anthers n ot quite 3 lin, lon g: grain elliptic, flat, 3-2 lin. by

i lin. Uralepis Eleusine, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 248. Triodia

Bleusine, Durand § Schinz, Consp. = “Afr. v. 877.

_Coasr Reeioy: Fort Beaufort Div.; Kat River Poort, 2000 ft., Drege.

Katanari Reeion: Basuto and ; Leribe, Buchanan r, 23

Eastern ReGIon: Tembu Bee, between Bashee ror hing gh Morle ey, 1000-

2000 ft., Drége. Transkei, near the Geka bony cm or Geun) — ver , below 1000 ft.,

Drege! ‘Natal ; banks of Tugela Pie 700 ft., Buchanan,

2. D. fusea (Beauv. Agrost. 163) ; perennial, glabrous ; culms

tufted, mae geniculately ascending or erect, 0 nched from

the lower nodes, 3-5 terete, smooth, 5-4-noded, or many-

noded when branched, internodes enclosed except the uppermost

or shortly exserted ; sheaths smooth ost shining or the upper

rough, the basal whitish, slightly compressed, bluntly keeled ;

ligules hyaline, oblong, acute, up to 23 lin. long; blades std

rather rigid, rough on both sides, rarely almost smooth below ;

Panicle erect, straight or slightly nodding, obovate-oblong to linear,

Contracted or open; rhachis slender, angular, rough ; ranches

scattered or 2-3 close together, often more or less flexuous, the

592 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Diplachne.

longest 3-5 in., usually racemose; pedicels short; spikelets distant

by half their length or more, narrow, oblong, 3- 5 lin long, 5-10-

flowered, ns dark olive- -grey, rarely light or whitish ; ” glumes

lanceolate to oblong, obtuse or acute, often obseurely mucronate,

the lower about 1 lin, long, the upper 14-2 lin. ; valves oblong,

tips broad, entire or minutely emarginate, and with a tooth on one

or both sides, middle and side-nerves excurrent into a short or

obseure muero, or only the former, side-nerves silkily ciliate i

eallus hardly any; pales minutely 2-toothed, flaps hairy along t

keels; anthers 4 lin. long ; grain.o ong, dorza y compressed, up 7

1 lin, ‘long; e mbryo almost 1 the length of the grain. Aschers. §

Shui, Il. Fl. Egypte, 17 ‘1: Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. a

878 ; Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 25; Hook. f. in Fi.

Brit. Ind. vii. 329. D. livida, Nees, Fl. Afr. ‘Austr. 254, D

. alba, 8

@’ Lgypte, 24, t. xi romus pol: ystachyus, Porat. Fi. igypt. -

23. Leptochloa fusca, Kunth, Rév . 91; Enum.

271 ; Suppl. 223. Tridens capensis, Nees fe tea, vii. 324.

ties Jusca, Steud. Syn, Pl. Glum. i, 24 U. livida, Steud

Le, 248. 'U. ( ie

248. Triodia livida, Durand & Schinz, Consp. FI.

T. capensis, Durand § Schinz, le.

a we gy Cape Div. Aes Flats, in moist sandy places, MacQwan,

eee . Afr. 1795! and at Doorn Hoo, oogte, Ecklon / near Muizenberg Vley,

Wolly y Ded, 2354! 2355! about the ponds near Cape Town and at Salt River,

Burchell, 678! Mossel Bay Div. ; in a dry channel of an arm of the Gauritz

as Poo reo

River, Burch l, 6473! oorn Div.; Gamk rt, Y Maire

Uitenhage Div.; Uitenhage, Zeyher / Poicueg the oe River, Ecklon

a : nee s a r Graham 2000 ft., MacOwan,

315! and iu places near Grahs amstown, MacOwan, 1315b! King

Williamstown Div. Maite Mouutaths. Buchanan, 36! Knysna Div.; Pletten-

berg Bay, Mund § Maire ! omgha Div. ; near Komgha, Flanagan 952! Queens-

te Div.; between Table Mountain. A Zwart Kei River, 4000-4500 ft.,

rege

CenrraL Region: Prince Albert Div.; ; Near Suge one e, 2300-3000

Drége! Somerset Div.; at Blyde River, Burchell, 2963! betw io the za

Berg Range and Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, 2000-2400 ft., Drage. raaff

Div. ; Sneeuwberg, on the banks of rivulets, 3700 ft., Bolus, for near Graaft

ESTERN ReGion: Little Namaqualand; between Pedros Kloof and Lily

Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drége !

kI Reeion: Griqualand West, Herbert Div. ; along the Vaal River,

Burchell, 1778! and mecha "pape ge Burchell, 1808! Basutoland ; Leribe.

Buchanan, 185! Bechuanaland; at Kosi Fontein, Burchell, 2555! Tran nsvaal

pe iC Klippan, pt omni 537 1! by the Sand River, at Olifants Poort,

Nelson, 85

dvd spread throughout the warm regions of the Old World, mainly near

the water

Nee oo 4 varieties of his D. a thy mainly by the colour of writ

ices: and the more or less contracted state of the peniale. They appear

me only to be slight variations and differen "é ‘giadee ok of development.

Diplachne.| GRAMINES (Stapf). 593

D. pallida, founded on Rehmann, 5371, represents a state with strictly erect

culms and pale spikelets. Similar erect states occur in India, and particularly in

Australia, along with the ordinary form.

ciliolate rim 3 blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 3-7 in. by

2~3 lin., rigidly erect, flat or convolute, with scattered stiff hairs,

particularly near the base, rough b ides, glaucous ; panicle

contracted, obovate to linear-oblong, 2-6 in. long, glaucous, purplish ;

thachis seabrid angular; branches simple, solitary or paired, sub-

flexuous, bearing spikelets from the base or almost so, lowest up

to 2 in. long; spikelets 2-3-flowered, subsecund, 2-ranked, lower

slightly exceedin

pedicelled, about 21 lin. long; glumes subequal, lanceolate, acute,

4 Jin,

Var. 6, Buchanani (Stapf); spikelets rather more distant, 4 lin, long; all

parts proportionally larger and at the same time more slender.

LAHARI ReGIon: Transvaal; Makapaus Mountains, at Streyd Poort,

Rehmann, 5386! Var. 6: Basutoland; Leribe, Buchanan, 219! pe

‘ASTERN ReGion: Natal; mountain slopes near Umpumulo, 2500 ft.,

Buchanan, 282!

Rather different from the other species of the genus, and perhaps not a true

Diplachne.

4. D. paucinervis (Stapf ex Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. 232) ;

Perennial, tufted ; culms densely fascicled with numerous innovation

: a descending rhizome (covered with papery scales),

aistichously leafy all along, slender, 3-1 ft. long, pubescent below

€ pa ise g

‘0 obovate-oblong, contraeted, dense, erect, 1-2 in. long, light green ;

tLachis angular, scabrid, very finely puberulous and sometimes also

"ith seattered long hairs; branches solitary or geminate, adpressed

OL. VI, Qq

594 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Diplachne.

or obliquely erect, subsecund, bearing spikelets from the base or

ost so, angular, scabrid and finely puberulous, lowest 1_] in. long ;

bar

bole

—

i=)

ont

fuel

Oo :

—

™

-O

bore)

—

{>}

i=)

anthers + lin, long

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 297; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

904,

Western ReGion: Little Namaqualand; near Henkries, Atherstone, a

Vanrhynsdorp Div.; at Strand Fontein, near the mouth of the Olifants River,

Drege!

Also in Damaraland and tropical Bechuanaland.

This is evidently very closely allied to D. pungens, Hack. (Bull. Herb. Boiss.

i oland.

iv, App. iii. 25), from Hererol

LITI. ERAGROSTIS, Beauv.

Spikelets usually strongly laterally compressed, pedicelled in ope?

or contracted panicles, rarely sessile in simple or compound 8 ikes,

very rarely articulate on the pedicels; rhachilla disarticulating

muticous, membranous to chartaceous, 3-nerved, glabrous, ass

rarely minutely pubescent ; side-nerves short or almost pn

Pales equal to the valves or slightly shorter, membranous, 2-keeled,

distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclos

Cc:

more commonly falling with the deciduous valve, leaving the uit e q

less persistent pale behind, oblong to obovoid or globose, roun an

very obtusely triquetrous or quadrangular in cross section ; peti PR

long as the grain (or sometimes longer) ; hilum punctiform, ‘ ;

Perennial or annual, of very varying habit; blades narrow; ligule meron q

a fringe of usually minute hairs: panicles lax to effuse or contracted to spixe-"” o q

or transformed into simple or compound spikes ; spikelets usually more OF 7°

Eragrostis. ] GRAMINE (Stapf). 595

re or olive-grey, breaking up variously, very rarely deciduous as a

Species very numerous in the warm parts of the world,

_ Section 1. Prerogssa, Doell. Spikelets linear to ah or ~~ often several

mes see than broad, with glabrous (very rarely with pubescent) valves

variously breaking up, but ash into false fruits ; rhachilla usually persistent.

A. flag a Pabarosp usually delicate with fine

any-fl br:

(except - ‘No. 16. E. dura), 4-1 A rarely

oO. ia):

ascicled on long cou phinciha or stolons ..,_ (1) glabrata.

i ‘0

innovation-shoots, u ually m r less erect,

simple and few-node 1 sometimes eaietad and

hen often more-node

+Glumes slightly — to en

Valves 1 lin ... (2) ceesia.

Valves abo el lin, in ng or shorter

tSpi pr ee a (ra: io 3 flowered,

2-7 lin. long, rarely shor

Valves 1 lin. ing 0 or ‘ighily Sera ... (8) eurvula,

Valves Hie lin.

——— ets 18. Sawai, more or less

ark grey :

valves not variegated :

erennial ; ert acute or obtuse,

t trunc

Culms sented repeatedly geni-

culate, branched; valves

tightly imbricate, cn ... (4) lehmanniana.

= epate ag nel broader and

valves looser and more

Sheaths ‘bearded, lower not or

indistinctly compressed ... (5) chloromelas.

so,

ower so compressed

and

Blades finely ‘filiform —

“page

effuse ; Gi ivisions smoot

“sy

or the upper scaberu-

lous; pedicels long... (6) nebulosa,

lute, ut 61 25

panicle 8-9 lin. long ;

a flaccid

xuous, all divisions

deaaaie Sobeaaaey

pedicels short .

(7) margaritacea.

596 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Bragrostis.

ae oe very obtuse, trun-

subemarginate. ... (8) porosa,

\| || Valves porn or violet with yellowish

tips i. ... (9) bicolor.

§§Spikelets 3-6- flowered, pallid

Spikelets about 1 lin, br ad

preading

eS : he

2p pyramidal cma cle

axils . (10) Poa.

spikelets ay ti bro ad, more

mn the gr cankinated

aba of an oblong panicle

with oe _vingate branches and ;

bearded (11) Wilmsii.

eae ficeroclatens or ew 2-4- flowered,

isos and salt thin to very thin;

Culms simple or sinionts Wi , 2-5-noded ;

— es of panicles more or less

Panicle ovat 14- . by 1-14 in.,

mewhat den Dnisee rigid ; ‘pedi-

wr ies oe ae acute (12) sporoboloides.

Panicle narrow, oblong to ‘Sbovoid-

— 2-6 i in. by 1-2 in., very

lax; ie rigs ed fezuows ;

pedice 1 lin much

ae hk peat or eis

pee long Mca from the

sheat .. (13) Atherstonei.

Panicle sory exserted from or

nclosed the base in the

uppermos ater << micrantha.

sags? ranched, 5-6-noded ;

tary . ‘the — sonst. ® as) Burchellii.

Glames ae va firm, alm charta-

s, shinnie s spikelets oblong (16) dura,

77Glumes very une ja _ low often minute

scale, or suppr

Lower sheaths strongly compressed ; spikelets

lin. b (17) plana.

Lower pa - compressed ; spikelets

2-4 lin. by 3-41 in. . (18) heteromera.

flowered on long and fine pedicels... ... (19) biflora.

B. Megastachyzx. Bae: more or less rigid (exe ept

sometimes in No. 28. E. gangetica) ; spikelets pate

or oblong to it inear, 1-14 lin. ipa rarely broader,

tos

*Perennial (see also No. 34. E. b ochcaba iis) :

Blades more or less subulate, ieee? culms

‘ rome and nodeless os the a

I dense, ant clusters “alon c

stout axis of a panicle : (29) eyperoides.

Spikelets Benge Mec cemose on the spine-like

brane icle, usually deflexed Fes ) spinosa.

Blades neither ‘ni ate nor Mosier! culms 1-

_ Bragrostis.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 597

| ae Me broad and = divaricate ; spikelets

= red over the periphery . (22) patentissima.

Panicle ‘ont cted, iaietie’ * apiadlets. much

x Rhachilla breaking up; valves rather loosely

ricate, very acute . (23) denudata,

= Rhachilla persistent or subper rsistent valves

closely im

Spikelets reddish-brown ; pm = .. (24) Chapelieri.

Spikelet i :

ey Basal sheaths tomentose-woolly below (25) sclerantha,

Ba Basal sheaths glabrous or with scatter ed

Sy 1BiPs :

Valves ovate to ovate-oblong, 1 lin. long,

a si < net oe Say ee

Spikes Ae alone ws o oblong, 24-4

olive-green to Reap Fm (26) chaleantha,

J Spikelets linear, 4-5 lin., yellowis

= . (27) pallens.

a Valves ‘oblong, §- 2 1 lin. long, side-nerves

ag distinct, Prominent ; anthers 4-2

in. long

¥ aes often nodding, oblong, usually

: erie A ag up to 8 lin.,

30. (28) gangetica,

dee erect, very slender, with the

short 1 branches

a ad gt ressed to the axis ; nt gee

culm

ee short Ss peng

4 spikelets 2-4 lin. by 1 at in (29) elatior.

pede oiagte

come or decu'

ins, many -noded ; spilt a

**Annual : 4-34 lin. by 3-+ lin. . (30) sarmentos

Leaves — covered with pes minu re _

gla ~ airs ; pedicels with a v

Sos

or rather lax, 2-6 in.

subobtuse ; grain globose . (32) major.

Leaves eglandular; panicle dense , 1-2 in.

long; valves oblong, acute or mucro-

A race grain oblon: . (38) procumbens.

Nodes beard ed, 5-6; valves 2 lin. long ws (34) barbinodis,

Section 2. Puatystacuya, Benth. gy orbicular_ to ieee og in

i rll 5

use, ae more len ne ze - ~ long as broad, with a abrous ¥

i ea nite, very aie falling ao

is aeacisine fons disattioulaté ing.

‘te siemens with the pedicels, deciduous, oo (35) superba.

ae len oe with the pedicels, brea

fei

598 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Hragrostis.

Palais ied tufted with innovation-shoots ;

culm

Rhachilla Dersstnt spikelets 2-6 lin.; valves

ong (36) brizoides.

Rhachilla readily disarticulating ; ; “spikelets 13-4

lin. ; valves 3-1 lin, long:

Sheath hid A Reber shoots covered mo

with fugacious dak ipikelens

crowed on very short pedicels or sub-

ee broadly truncate, their broad upper

halves closely imbricate, sides rather flat (37) truncata.

Valves freer pert, loosely imbricate, 7

ides rather (38) bergiana.

ved = inuovation-shoot not covered with

wool; spikelets more or less

ate on cailany branchlets and

padinets (39) obtusa.

**Biennial os annual, without or with very 1 few feeble

ulms simple or branched :

nn fal culms simple; valves obtuse .., .. (40) brizantha.

Biennial ; wile branched ; valves acute .. (41) echinochloidea.

Section 3. Lappuna, Stapf. eae oblong, with long rigid tubercle- based

cilia me the side-nerves of the valves.}

Only species... bas i on ns ... (42) Lappula.

Section 4, Caractastos, Doell. Spikelets of various shape, small to very

small, with glabrous valves, oe up into false fruits, consisting of the grain

enclosed by its valve and pal

Fs ayo thy ng isi ms spies crane on

edice .. (43) aspera.

Perennial ; valves ‘ iin, on oe ee gummifiua,

Annual; valves 4 lin. lon shor :

Keels of pales long and rigidly ¢ cline stamens 3 re ensngsne

Keels of pales smooth ; sta -- (46) namaquens’s.

1. E. glabrata (Nees in Linnea vii. 332) ; etsy culms in

fascicles on the slender branches of a long creeping slender rhizome,

or from similar stolons, with barren branches from the lower sheaths,

. lon mp

2 ?

ee to oblong, acute, 23-33 lin. by 1-1} lin., densely

flowered, dark olive-grey ; rhachilla tardily disarticulating ;

Eragrostis. | GRAMINEF (Stapf). 599

very unequal, lanceolate to eblaarsete pet in profile, acute, 1-nerved,

rather firmly me embranous , lower + lin. long, upper 1 lin. long; valves

ovate-oblong in profile, obtuse or subobtuse, 1 lin. lon £ smo oth,

firmly membranous, side-nerves fine; pales equal to the _— keels

scaberulous ; anthers 1 L lin. long; grain 98 2 lin. ver + lin,,

reddish brown. Nee. es in Linnea, vii. 344 ; Afr. Austr. 394 ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 271. Poa glabrata, aes Enum. i, 344,

: Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, Krauss, 61; sand-hills along the shore,

aeleircy, “404! wet wie above Simons Ba , frequent, Milne, 253! sands

ig aarden Island, Wolley Dod, 3182! without precise loc: ality, Herb. Harvey,

2, E. cxsia (Stapf); ars densely tufted; culms erect,

slender, compressed, simple, 312 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 1 -noded

at or below t e middle, internodes shortly exserted, or oth or the

upper alone enclosed ; ‘lower sheaths erowded, almost flabellate,

strongly compressed and keeled, often pinkish with white margins,

@| Upper tight or widening upwards, all quite glabrous and smooth

thachilla disarticulating, smooth; glumes unequal, dec a0

12-13 lin, lo ong, thin, smooth except on the scaberulous acute keels ;

ad 1 lin. long, keels narrowly winged, scaberulous ; anthers } lin.

bs Coast Recion: Cathcart Div. ; Glencairn, 4800 ft., Galpin, 2414!

id ASTERN Region; Natal; Riet Vley, 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan, 240!

3 urvula (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 397, excl. var 8) ; perennial,

very dainty tufted, with numerous closely packed innovation-shoots

S culms erect or geniculate, usually slender, simple, 1-2 ft. high,

i) glabrous, smooth, 2-3-noded, internodes usually exserted, uppermost

; hid ong; lower sheaths crowded, short, firm, strongly striate

_ ““mentose at the base, gradually less hairy to glabrous upwards,

q ‘Wicudggers upper tight, glabrous or rarely hairy, smooth; ligule a

} “28° of short hairs; blades narrow, linear, long tapering and

ssually capillary in the upper part, 3 in. to more than 1 ft. long,

se ae wh e when expanded, more or less filiform-

ie volute or convolute » at in the upper part, flexuous, somewhat

t leas’

mm, glabrous, very geal hairy, scabrid on the upper side and all

600 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [Hragrostis.

over towards the tips, otherwise ere rit panicle open or contracted,

rect or more or less nodding, 3- n. long ; axis filiform, more or

ta angular, smooth, at least Coe: branches solitary, unequally

distant or partly subverticillate, first erect, then more or less spread-

ing, finely filiform, flexuous, smooth or almost so, glabrous or some-

times with a few fine hairs at the axils, lower divided from 3-6 lin.

above the base ; branchlets rather loose, usually contracted, simple or

the lowest again divided, smooth, rarely the ultimate divisions

scaberulous ; ‘pedicels unequal, lateral usually short, rarely up to

2 lin. long; spikelets linear-oblong to oblong, 2-3 lin . by 1 ln,

loosely 3-6- (rarely to 8- Fistral halts dark olive-grey ; ; rhachilla

subpersistent, then disarticulating, more or less very minutely hairy ;

glumes more or less unequal, fate to oblong, acute to subobtuse,

less, keel i ae scaberulous, upper up to in. long, lower

slightly shorter ; valves eae in profile, obtuse or sub-

obtuse, 1 lin. long or slightly longer, membranous, scaberulous

above the middle, tips usually hyaline and white, side-nerves fine ;

pales equal to the valves, obtuse, keels fine, smooth or seaberulous

above; anthers $-1 lin, long; grain subellipsoid, obtusely quadran-

gular, 1 lin. long, brown; embryo large. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1.

271 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 882. E. filiformis, Nees

in Linnea, vil. 3380; Fl. Afr. Austr. 306 ; Trin. Gram. Suppl. 75,

unb. Prod. 21; Fl. Cap. 420, ed. Schult. 112; in Mém.

Mose. iii. 44, t.4; Kunth, Enum. i. 345. P. curvula, Schrad. im

Goett. Gelehrt. Anzeig. 1821, 2073 ; ee in Schult. Mant. ii. 308 ;

Kunth, lc. P. capensis, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 488.

AR. 8, conferta (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 398) ; on the whole taller and mo

robust ; panicle contracted, dense, with ‘te branches more or less verticillate pe

divided from the base, divisions more often scabrid than in the type; spikelets

usually crowded, linear to Sains up to 5 lin. long and to 13-flowered,

light orem to dark olive-grey.

Van. valida (Stapf); pat te usually robust, tall, 3-4- nodeds ; sheaths

glabrous aad smooth or more or less hairy ey — tuberele-based ark i

up to more than 2 ft. by 2-3 lin. ; panicle 4-1 fi ooth

or scabrid; brane ches 3-6 in. long, parce Pte divided from t the “<a or eigraca

for as much as 1 in.; spikelets linear to linear-o blong, ema lin. long, 7-18-

peat erin and valves very slightly larger than in the

RICA: without precise localit rk berg ! ase 289! 116!

MacOran, aout Vik 8: eb Zeyher, 1 y; unberg ! Ys

REGION : Cape Div.; near Canaan, Burch ell, 443! north slopes of

the Lions Head, Wolley Dod, 3096! Table Mountain, Ecklon 50! 952! Milne,

246! Devils Peak, Wilms, 3! by the railway h, Wolley od,

3345! Paar’ ‘aarl Mountains, 1000-2 Drége ! (approaching var

8). Tulbagh Div.; Piquetberg Road, 400 ft. Schlechter, 7838! Riversdale Div. ;

eat ter oe = ell, 6632 part é reat Vals River,

e foo

ine

Hragrostis. ] GRAMINEH (Stapf). 601

Swellendam Div. ? at Kenko River, mga ard Riet Kuil and Hemilen ae below

sy ‘

ar Ui a 0

Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, B.S es - seg onde tag oregearee rani: ; Zuu Veld, Gill! !

i Ae v i

Cente ag GION: Prince bert Div. ; near Klaartrom, on the Great Zwarte

Bergen 300) Drége ! Su the rland Div. ; ban G 5

Burchell, gree (both niente = B). oven ie rset Div.; at Biesjes

Fontein near Loots Kloof, 2800 ft. inte 1610! near * Somers et East, Bowker,

148! Graaff Reinet Div. ; near Graaff Reinet, 2600 ft., » 555! Coles esberg

i ! Wodehouse Di

! Var. y:

type) ; Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Buchanan, 248! 249a! very common at Riet Vley,

4000 ft., Buchanan, 250; without ner ey, sek ae 249! demu

. Beene ‘the t type). Var. y: Natal; Berea, Wood, 5940! bilgi

tweed tn enans vee Wood, ce Pieter Uatastog Wood, 7229

I Orange Free State; without precise locality, Geawad

Siekoat: near rset Wilins, 1714

Nees qnot es numerous sae localities, partly essed E. re partly under

E. curvula, from which I have not seen any specime hey come, however,

entirely within the area endieated by the rain cited seebis and as I am not

certain as to the variet y under which I shou oO iene them, I pre-

ferred omitting them altogether. int sibatineds Paa

mentioned above, was distribu ted : as Eragrostis capillifolia, Nees. ees deser

hairy to villous at the ve ry base, persistent, upper ge ee

long bearded at the mouth ; ligule a fringe of short 3 blades

lous on the upper side ; panicle open, ovoid to oblong, lax, 3-6 in. by

ie erect, or slightly nodding; axis filiform, smo ooth ; lower

ae 2-nate or sometimes eicnies or all solitary, unequally

distant, spreading, at least prong finely surg straight and

tather rigid or subflexuous, glabrou

longest 1-21 a long, undivided for 11 in, ea the base, pees

loosely and» $ len eth) subdivaricately branched, smooth or t

ultimate divisions seaberulous; pedicels fine, the lateral rarely

over 1 lin, long; spikelets linear, acute, 2-4 lin. by } lin., closely

rie eiuiaatey dark olive-grey; rhachilla subpersistent, then dis-

602 GRAMINE (Stapf). ee

oe in nee subacute to obtuse, very thin to subhyaline,

scaberulous, 1-nerved or almost nerveless, margins minutely serrulate,

lower about 2 lin., upper 3 lin. long ; valves oblong i in profile, rounded

on the back, closely imbricate with the tips adpressed, ne

scarcely 1 lin. long, membranous, pallid towards the base, minutely

scaberulous above the middle, side-nerves faint, sometimes whitish,

keel obscure below, more distinct and scaberulous near the tip ; pales

equal to the valves, keels fine and scaberulous ; anthers 3—2 lin. long ;

grain obovoid- subellipsoid, obtusely quandrangular, over a lin. by

1 lin., light brown. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.i. 271; Durand & Schinz,

Consp. v. 884.

Var. 6, ampla (Stapf); culm up ~ 3 ft. long, stout, more or less hairy below

the nodes ; 3 lower sheaths long, compressed and more or less keele d; leaves scantily

hairy, hairs very fine and spr cap nies up to 8 in. long, setaceous to capillary

and flexuous.in the upper part; panicle 7 in. by 6 in.

CEN : Graa : Reinet Div.; in shady places near Graaff ae

2700 ft, , Bolas, 557! Colesberg Div. ; ; near Colesberg, Shaw, 9! Albert Div. ;

rocky an and s ony places, Drége.

rere Region: Griqualand West, Herbert Div.; St. Clair, Douglas,

Orpen, 257! Hay Div.; Griqua Town, Burchell, "1943/2. Orange Free State 5

between tent “and Bloemfontein, Buchanan, 280! and ‘without precise .

locality, Buchanan, 267! bakege ‘near Lydenberg, Atherstone ! . Var.

oO i han

RN Region: Natal, gi ie precise locality, Buchanan, 277!

5. E. chloromelas (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 271); perennial, very

densely tufted with closely packed innovation-shoots ; culms erect or

smooth, usually 2-noded, internodes exserted, uppermost very Jong;

lower sheaths crowded, very short, firm, adpressedly hairy to tomentose

at the very base or ruite glabr rous, persistent, upper tight, glabrous,

or with few fine scattered hairs, long-bear ded at the mouth ; ligule a

fringe of short hairs; blades very narrow, filiform-convolute, eapillary

above, flexuous, 3-6 in. long, rarely longer, 1-1 lin. broad when ex-

panded, somewhat rigid, glaucous, glabrous or seantily hairy, scaberu-

lous or scabrid on the upper and all over towards the tips,

inet or Ae glabrous or staan fc with a few fine hairs

at the axils, longest 11-4 in. long, undivided for }—1 in. from the

base, then very loosely and at length divaricately branched, smooth,

or the ultimate divisions scaberulous ; pedicels a gE the lateral

1-3 lin. long ; spikelets scattered, linear, acute, 2-4 lin. by 3—$ lin.

loosely 5-13-flowered, dark olive-grey to slate-grey ; “Thachilla sub-

persistent, then disarticulating very slender, flexuous, smooth,

almost so, joints up to * lin. long; glumes unequal, seston

lanceolate to lanceolate- oblong i in profile, thinly acute or subaeute,

Eragrostis. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 603

membranous or hyaline, l-nerved, scaberulous on the nerve, lower

z— lin., upper 1 lin. long; valves obliquely oblong in ‘profile,

subacute to acute, 3—Z Ti mbranous, smooth, side-nerves

rangular, } lin. long, brown ; embryo large. Durand & Schinz, Consp.

l. Afr. v. 881. E. atrovirens, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 400, not of

Coast Region: Catheart Div.; between Kat Berg and Klipplaats River,

ve ! S aggiomonatl Div. ; plains n ear ‘agains nstown, 3500 ft., Galpin, 2254!

Katanart Raton : Orange Free State ; without precise locality, Cooper, 3348 !

Transvaal ; Houtbo: — Rehman, 5689 ! 5697 ! ! near ian ariel Nelson, 89*!

ASTERN ReGion : Natal, near Ladysmith, Rehmann, 7130! = yipobere mhlanga,

Wood, 6058! near Van Re even ‘Son 5000-6000 ft., Wood, 722

E. nebulosa or 3 perennial, densely tufted on a short

oblique rhizome; culms erect, rather slender, stiff, 2-3 ft. long,

glabrous, smooth, about 3. aoded, internodes long, exserted, nodes

slightly marked; lower sheaths compressed, more or less keeled,

4-5 in. long, very firm, ee scarcely striate, quite glabrous, very

tern = at length open and very We 3-]i ft. ne and

cteachen: very s ae smooth ; glumes 8 suhag ‘inedlete

acute in profile, 2—% lin. long i

valves rt pe AA Se in profile, acute to subacuminate, > lin. long,

membranous, smooth, slightly shining, side-nerves faint and aa

pales equalling t the valves, keels smooth or almost so; waite

lin, long ; grain oblong, 2 lin. by + lin., brown.

OAst Recon: Swellendam Div.; right bank of the Zonder barra vibes

ba ge: a Riversdale Div. ; Zoete melks River, Burchell, A with

EGION: — re ee State ; Hoopstad, Herb. Gri valle tn with

out preci loc: ality, Buchanan, 34! Basutoland ; between Harrismith and Leri 7

eo rh 313 ee! Tra era marshy places in the Magalies s Bergen, :

Reeton: Natal; on the Drakensberg Range, near Newcastle

nasi 196! De Beers Pass, IVood, 992! Mooi River, 3000-4000 ft., Wood,

604 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Bragrostis.

7. E. conga eed eee perennial ; culms erect, rather slender,

firm, simple, 2-3 f , glabrous, smooth, 4- noded, internodes

long exserted ; dusths "tight, g abrous, striate, lowest compressed

minent nerves on the upper side, often reddish ; panicle oblong, erect

or somewhat flaceid, 8-9 in. long; axis filiform, terete below, or

more or less angular throughout ; branches in rather distant whorls

tantly divided fills dh in. above tie base, the longest to more than

3 in. long; branchlets contracted, very fine and flexuous, 4-]-

spiculate ; pedicels up to 1 lin one ; spikelets contraeted in brush-

like fascicles, linear, 7 lin. by % lin., loosely 7-13-flowered, pearl-

acute or subobtuse, ery delicate, 1-nerved to nerveless, lower } lin.

long, upper 2 lin. long valves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 2—% lin. jong,

membranous except at the hyaline sometimes whitish tips, smooth,

slightly shining, side-nerves short, fine ; pales subequal to the valves,

keels fine, scaberulous npreele anthers 1 Jin. long; grain ellipsoid-

a 4 lin. by + lin., brown.

ARI REGION: pai Free State; between Kimberley and roi

tein, re 282! Transvaal ; Bosch Veld, at Klippan, Rehinann, 5872

8. E. porosa (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 401) ; annual or subperennial (?),

tufted ; oe geniculate, simple, or with leafy branches from

lower nodes about 1 ft. long, eae encase usually with a ring

= depressed glands below each node, more r less viscous, 3-noded,

ternodes exserted ; leaves scantily i with eect tail spread-

ing hairs, or the upper quite glabrous; sheaths striate, smooth,

bearded a t the mouth ; ligule a fri nee, of ‘short hairs ; blades linear,

aoe $—% lin. long ; a i echt smooth or sbeebs:

Eragrostis. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 605

3 lin. long or slightly longer, smooth or almost so, side-nerves fine,

close to the m margin; pales equal to the valves, ‘keels scaberulous

above; anthers 1—8 lin. long; grain ellipsoid, 3-$ lin. by 3-3 lin.,

pallid, "translucent. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 271; “Durand & Schins,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 888. E. emarginata, Hack. in Verhandl. Bot.

es Brandenb. xxx. 238; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 883.

R. 8, parvula (Stapf); dwarf, 24-3 in. high; culms ee noded ; panicle

Pe saad 1-14 hi long; spikel ets dark sh eoasein p, 14 lin. long, 3-6-flowered ;

a equal, 4-3 lin. long; valves slightly broader than in je type, up to # lin.

ong.

AL Recton: Albert Div.; by the Gamka River, near Weltevrede,

2500-3000 ft., Drege! Abe ro Div. ; ‘Camdeboo plains, Drége.

ERN REGION: Gre ut Namaqualand, between Ausis and Kuias, Schenck,

82, near Keetmanshoop, Sch

Katanart Reeion; ag rt "Orange Free State ? Jackals Fontein, Burke !

9. E. bicolor (Nees, Fl. Austr. 407); perennial, densely tufted ;

culms erect, simple, slender, terete, 1-13 ft. long, glabrous, smooth,

about 3-noded, upper 2 int a exserted ; sheaths glabrous,

striate, lowest pallid, about 2 in. long, shortly tomentose at the

erti y .

ase, 4-8 in. by 1 lin. when flat, glabrous, rather firm, flexuous,

smooth below, densely scaberulous on the prominent nerves on the

whitish upper side; paniele ovoid to lanceolate, erect or nodding,

3-5 in. long, lax, open or more or less eontracte ; axis angular,

t more or less spreading, distantly divided from 3~1 in. above the

bea, subeapillary, cinders or finally rigid, periph rae smooth

* lin. long, smooth, slightly shining, usually purple with yellowish

tips, side-nerves stout, though not very distinct, short; pales equal

or subequal to the valves, keels fine, scaberulons ; anthers almost

zlin.long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 272; Durand § Schinz, Consp.

Crnrrat Region: Richmond Div.; near Styl Kloof, 4000-5000 ft., Drége!

Drier = g Div. ; near Wonderheuvel, Droge ; Albert Div. ; near Leeuwen Fontein,

1 Region: Griqualand West, Hay Div. ; between Witte Water and

Riet Fontein, Burchell, 2001 ! Herbert Div.; along the Vaal River, Burchell, 1780!

10. E. Poa (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted; culms erect,

simple, rather slender, terete, up to 2 ft. high, glabrous, smoo

about 3-noded, internodes exserted ; lowest sheaths persistent, firm,

606 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [Hragrostis.

tomentose at the base, and, like the following, scantily hairy

in the upper part, upper glabrous, all striate, beardless ; ligule a

fringe of minute hairs; blades convolute, filiform, tapering to a

setaceous point, erect, it ft. long, rigid, or flexuous in the upper

glabrous, smooth “below, scaberulous on the stout equal nerves

of te upper pone panicle erect, ovoid or pyramidal, rather stiff,

open, lax, 5-8 in. by 3-6 in.; axis filiform, terete, smooth ; branches

more or less in hove of 4-3, horizontally spreading or almost so

with the tips often nodding, lowest 3-4 in. long, loosely divided

from 1—3 in. above the base, finely filiform, glabrous, scaberulous

above ; branchlets pn capillary, 3-5 lin. long (or lowest again

divided an oe to 9 lin. long), mostly pendulous, ” ultimate divisions

3-2-spiculate; pedicels 1-2 lin. long; spikelets elustered on the

branchlets al towards the tips of the branches, light olive-green,

13-21 lin. by 1 lin., loosely 5-6-flowered ; rhachilla disarticulating ; ;

glumes subequal or lower somewhat shorter, lanceolate in profile,

acute, up to more than 1 lin. a very de licate, l-nerv ed or the

nerves faint ; pales equal to the birch, keels eh seaeralone ; anthers

@ lin. long ; grain oblong-ellipsoid, 2—% lin. b 1 Jin., light brown.

EGIoN: Caledon Div.; moist grounds in 7 neighbourhood of

EGION : Bechuanaland ; between Kosi Fontein and Kneghts

Fontein, Burchell, 2606!

om’s specimen is imperfect and may possibly belong to another species.

Wilmsii (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted; culms

geniculate, suberect, simple, about 11 ft. high, smooth, glabrous,

2-noded, internodes exserted ; lower sheaths ‘compressed, keeled,

oan striate, glabrous except at the bearded mouth, rather frm,

ceous except at the base, uppermost tight, terete 5 ; ne a

fringe of very pan ee blades narrow, linear, lon ng tap

to a fine point, 6-7 in. by yn 12 lin. when flattened, folded, Fated

below, with the idbachet involut , or convolute in the upper

divided from abou: t ig in. above the ae bearded a t th e rgsiles

branchlets spreading or usually contracted, flexuous, ateapillaty’ to

capillary, smooth or almost so, the lower again divided, up to 13 in

long, the others loosely 3-1-spiculate ; pedicels capillary, lateral

“8 tin. long; spikelets lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute,

13-22 lin. b 33 lin., straw-coloured or light olive-green,

3—6-flowered ; “thachilla subpersistent, at length disarticulating;

glumes ——— in = acute to acuminate, thin, 1-nerv

lower 4—2 lin., upper % lin. long ; valves lanceolate in profile, acute,

zl lin, long ; ; "keel scaberulous, side-nerves fine, tips hyaline ; pales

Eragrostis.) GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 607

and scaberulous ; anthers + lin.

KALAHARI acces Varies near Pretoria, Wilms, 1713a!

12. E. shone: (Stapf) ; perennial, compactly a ae culms

geniculate, su , slender, terete, wiry, not quite ft. long,

2-noded stints exserted ; sheaths very tight, ath striate,

distinctly shorter than or almost equal to the valves, keels fine

long.

above the oni oie rathe r stiff, scaberulous ; Tanai

short, simply racemose, 4—l-spicu witht or the lower agai n divide

divaricate or subsecund and more or less contracted, sialbie cularly

i pedicels short, scaberulous ; ; spikelets lanceolate

searcely 1 lin., upper 2 lin. long; valves ovate-laneeolate, subacute

to acutely acuminate in profile, $2 lin. long, membranous, smoot

or almost so; pales equal or subequal to “the valves, Ls fine

and almost smooth ; anthers 2 lin. long.

Katanari Region: Transvaal ; Heather, Rehmann, 5686! 5695 !

13. E. Faas Meade perennial ; culms erect, simple or

with 1~2 branches fro e upper nodes, over 2 ft. long, wiry,

glabrous, ae Cass Pade | lowest lengthened, internodes

about 4 ft. long , like the upper long exserted, with a ring of more

or less distinct glands below the nodes ; ; sheaths tight, glabrous,

smooth, substriate, intermediate 1-11 in. long; ligule a fringe of

erect, lax, 5-6 in. by 1-14 lin.; axis filiform, smooth ; branches

Whorled, the lower in whorls of 4-7, obliquely erect or slightly

Spreading, loosely divided from near the base, longest 1~12 in. long,

capillary or subcapillary, straw-coloured, smooth, bear ed at the

$5 mania Hage subdivaricate, short, 3- ~1-spiculate,

ro)

a st

pe P

ro)

—

‘™

& ss

ala

sees a smooth or almost so, side-nerves ee faint; pales

equal to the valves, keels scaberulous and fine ; anthers $ lin. long ;

Stain pallid, translucent, clon geelliet over + lin. lon ng.

Katanazr Racion : Transvaal ; near Lydenburg, Abloratons/

608 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Hragrostis.

389)

perennial, densely tufted ; culms ascending or erect, simple, slender

1-11 ft. rin

lands below the nodes, terete, 3-5-noded, internodes exserted ;

sheaths tight, glabrous exeept at the often scantily bearded

mouth, striate, lower usually short; ligule a fringe of short hairs ;

blades very narrow, linear, tapering to a setaceous point, flexuous,

3-5 in, i b

by i lin., rather soft, glabrous, smooth on the ack,

2-6 in. by 1-2 in., lax, shortly exserted from or enclosed at the

verticillate, obliquely spreading, subeapillary to capillary, glabrous or

scaberulous, at least in the upper part, the longest 1-2 (rarely to 3) in.

long, loosely and repeatedly divided from 2-4 lin. above the base ;

acute or subacute, delicate, smooth except on the scaberulous keels,

the lower sometimes nerveless, 3 lin. long or scareely so, upper

2 lin. long; valves narrow-oblong to oblong-lanceolate in profile,

subobtuse, 3 lin. long, membranous, smooth, except near the tips,

side-nerves faint, short; pales more or less equal to the valves, keels

smooth or scaberulous ; anthers 2 lin. long.

Katanart Reeion: Orange Free State; near Draai Fontein, Rehmann,

3645! Basutoland; near Leribe, Buchanan, 126!

15. E. Burchellii (Stapf); perennial, tufted ; culms ereet or ascend-

ing, firm, slender, branched from the lower and intermediate nodes,

the upper part, the longest 3-2 in. long; lowest branchlets again

divided, or like the rest simple, 4~1-spiculate, spreading or adpresset,

all divisions yellowish ; pedicels short ; spikelets scattered, lanceolate

to oblong, 1-2 lin. long, dark olive-grey, 2—-4-flowered ; rhac

disarticulating ; glumes lanceolate, subequal in profile, delicate, finely

l-nerved -or nerveless, lower about + lin., upper 2 lin. long ; valves

ovate-oblong, obtuse, $$ lin. long, very thin, smooth or scaberulous

towards the margins, keel smooth, side-nerves faint ; pales equat °

the valves, keels fine, almost smooth; anthers 2—} lin. long; st”

obovoid-ellipsoid, } lin. by 4-2 lin.

heed

[Un eae eon hee eee

Eragrostis, | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 609

Kantanari Recion; Carnarvon Div.; at Buffels Bout, Burch-ll, 1606!

Prieska Div. ; between Modder Fontein and Keikams Poort, Burchell, 1612/11!

16. E. dura (Stapf); perennial, densely tufted; culms erect or

suberect, very firm, terete, simple, up to 21 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, 2-noded, internodes exserted, all long; lower sheaths firml

papery or scarious, striate, perfectly glabrous and smooth, persistent,

enclosing very slender fugaciously woolly innovation-shoots, upper

loose, subcoriaceous, very finely striate, separating at length at the

very base; ligule a fringe of minute hairs; blades narrow, linear,

tapering to a fine setaceous point, over 2 ft. by 1+ lin. (at the base),

canaliculate, or almost flat below, rigid, smooth on the back, scaberu-

lous on the prominent nerves of the upper surface, those of the

brown, shining ; rhachilla disarticulating ; glumes subequal, ovate-

oblong, acute to acuminate in profile, about 2 lin, long, firm on the

Karanart Region: Bechuanaland ; between Kuruman and Matlareen River,

Burchell, 2190!

less exserted ; leaves crowded, and almost flabellate at the hase,

striate, glabrous; lower sheaths strongly compressed, keeled, pallid ;

igule a dense fringe of short hairs; blades very narrow, linear, long

tapering to a setaceous point, tightly folded, flexuous, 3 to more

than 12 in, long, closely striate, smooth on the lower, scabrid and

scabrid along the angles, remotely divided from near the base with the

Brey, loosely 7-15-flowered ; thachilla subpersistent ; glumes very

Unequal, lanceolate to oblong, acute or obtuse, pallid, 1-nerved, lower

about + lin. long, u 1 lin. long; valves somewhat spreading,

obliquely oblong in profile, folded, acute or subacute, 1-14 lin. long,

kee smooth, like the side-nerves prominent, rigid, almost straight ;

Pales equal to the valves, keels curved, scaberulous above ; anthers

VOL. vit, a

610 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [Fragrostis.

3-{ lin. long; grain oblong, % lin. lin., reddish-brown.

Steud. Syn. Pt Glum. 1, 210% Durand gs tiie, Consp. Fl. Afr.

Austr. 888,

Ast REGION: wrt Williamstown Div. ; by the Yellowwood River, Drége.

Queenstown Div. ; plains near Queenstown, 3500 ft., Galpin, 2359 !

KALAHARI REGION: aria Wik te; between vaccine and Leribe,

Buchanan, 216! Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Wilms, 1715

ASTERN gros ranskei ; between ae oo au 2 (Ges or Geuu) River and

Bashee River, 1 eee ft., as! Natal; Berea, Wood, 5928! 5937! Mooi

River, Wood, 7320! t Wei, ae MONT | near Durban, Williamson, 54!

and without precise locality, Buchanan, 244!

18. E. heteromera (Stapf) ; perennial ; culms ar TIRE

stout, simple, over 2 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 3-noded, internodes

(except the lowest) exserted ; sheaths quite glabrous ccnuek at the

usually bearded mouth, smooth, more or less coarsely striate, the

lower not compressed, often purplish ; ligule a dense fringe of minute

hairs; blades linear, tapering to a long fine point, 6-8 i n. by 13-2

10--12 in. long ; axis angular, striate or sulcate,

silewhal aa arranged, in false whorls or 2—4-nate or solitary,

lanceolate to ahione. subacute, 1-1 lin. long, hyaline, ]-nerved ;

valves obliquely oblong, obtuse, %—1 lin. long, keel scabrid and

prominent like the side-nerves, rigid, almost straight ; ee equal to

the valves, keels curved and seabrid anthers 2-3 lin. lon porobolus

fimnbriatus, Nees in Drege, Zwei Pflanzengeog gr. “Docum. 503 (b. only).

Poa filiformis, Krauss in Flora, 1846, 121, not Thunb.

EasteRN Recion: Natal ; r Durban, Drége! by the et River, and

near Pieterwaritabarg, Krauss, "3! ' by the Tugela River, 600-1000 ., Buchanan,

241! 245a!

E. biflora (Hack. in Bull, Herb. Boiss. iii. hie ; annual,

Mee culms erect, or ascending, very slender, 8 in. to almost 2 ft.

fme point, 2-10 in. by 3-1 lin., flat, very flaccid, green, glabrous of

seantily hairy, scabrid ; panicle oblong, very loose and open, 4-10 1».

ong; axis smooth, filifo ranches 3-—2-nate, rarely solitary,

spreadihg, capillary, abel d Bria loosely divided from near the

base, lowe ranchlets divided gain, and 3- or more-spiculate ;

pedicels ae long and fine ; spikelets minute, elliptic to lanceolate,

Eragrostis. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 611

WEsTERN Reaion : Great Namaqualand ; without precise locality, Fleck, 281a.

Katanari Reeion : Orange Free State ; near Bloemfonteiu, Rehmann, 3759!

and without precise locality, Buchanan, 270! Transvaal; by the Vaal River,

Nelson, 149! Bosch Veld, at Klippan, Rehmann, 5364 ! under trees, on the plains

near Rustenberg, 3506 ft., MeLea, 124!

to more than 3 in. by 4 lin. (at the bas ), very rigid, glabrous and

smooth below, very finely white tomentose t er side ;

Panicle consisting ne or, usually, several very distant branches

num. i. 345. Brizopyrum cyperoides, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 374,

E. enodis, Hack. in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxx. 148,

612 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Hragrostis.

SoutH AFrRiIca : without — locality, — Harvey, 332! Drége, 2540!

ovau Region: Clanwilliam Div.; Lamberts Bay, Schlechter, 8546! Cape

Div. ; in dunes anf loose bere near Capetown, Thuinbs erg! Green Point, Ecklon ;

Table Bay and Paarden Island, Drége! sand hills of Paarden espe yom

od, 3181! in sand at the mouth of Eerste River, False Bay, MacOwa Herb,

ERN REGION: Great Namaqualand ; Nautilus Point near Angra Pequena

(ex Hackel). Little Namaqualand; near the mouth of the Orange River,

below 600 ft., Drége!

Also in tropical German South-West Africa.

In some of the spikelets of Harvey’s specimen I —— that the valves are

much broader than usual, and have 1-2 additional side-ne

am spinosa soe in Gram. Gen, 416, and in Mém. Acad.

Péterb, sér. 6, 1. 416); perennial, creeping with a long slender

woody rhizome or scares: branching near the surface of the soil and

above it ; culms fascicled, sheathed at is base, stout, hard, terete or

compressed, 1-5 in long (to the base of the panicle), glabrous,

smooth, node-less above the base, overtopped by the cosine r more

or less ‘exserted from them ; sheaths otal phn to scarious, Loe

increasing upwards, from a few lines to 12 in 1 Jin., usually

very hard and rigid, spreading, glabrous and smooth below, minutely

papillose on the upper side; panicle oblong, narrow, very mrigit,

open, about 3 ft. long; axis not differentiated from the culm, ending

transverse ridges between them, glaucous; branches solitary, distant

or some eubop posite, horizontally spreading, very rigid, pungent,

from a few lines to 2 in. long, somewhat compressed or quite a

and up to 1 lin. broad, smooth, glabrous, glaucous, simply racemos

hin 1-9- cl et or with very short spinous 1-spicula ulate eancNiell

n the lower part; pedicels sliform, smooth, 1 lin. long; a pear

pe ey nf linear, acute, 3-9 lin. long by 11-2 lin., pallid, some-

times tinged with purple, deflexed, radi 3-18-flowered ; rhachilla

isarticulating, smooth or almost so; glumes subequal, lanceolate,

acute or subobtuse in profile, about 1 lin. long hyaline, 1-nerved ;

firmly membranous, finely scaberulous ; side-nerves almost percurrent,

almost straight, subprominent, keel scaberulous; pales equal to the

valves ; keels strong, seaberulous; os 1 Vir: long. Nees, L

Afr. Austr. 382; Steud. Syn. Pl Glum. i. 270 ; Hack, in Engl.

Jahrb. xi. 406; Durand Schinz, Consp. Fl Afr. v. 889. Festuca

spinosa, Linn. f. Suppl. 111. Poa spinosa, Thunb. prod. 23;

Cap. i. 425; ed. Schult. 114; Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. 551, ¢.

Meares 334 ; Suppl. 289.

Coast Raivitids yout nsd a Olifants River:

400-800 ft., Drége! Olanwilien oe ‘ans es Ee 6. tklechtel: 80

Eragrostis. | GRAMINEX (Stapf), 613

da ser rh 3 without precise locality, Mund § Maire! Mossel Bay ee

y the Gauritz Ri ited) Ecklon ; in the dry channel of an arm of the Gauri

ives, Burchet, aie

CenteaL ReEcIon: Calvinia Div.; Bokke Veld and Hantam, Thunbe

pe Div: hemes Little Doorn River and Great Doorn River, Burchell,

05 !

WESTERN Reeton: Little Namaqualand; by the eo (Kousies) River,

Ecklon ry baie r, 1836! between Kook Fontein and Holgat River, covering

vast tracts, Drége |! ! plains fis ‘tween Kosies ia and Wineie Drége, 2539 !

dunes at the mouth of the Urange River, Dré

he rhachilla - the spikelets is rather fragile; at the sé time, the valves

separate easily at the base whilst the ales remain attached to the spin

joints. The whole ba break up iss ve readily, leaving the glu

or, as the sy are also more or les ss dec sna the esis ‘t recurved pedi cels. This i is

22. E. patentissima (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 391);

perennial ; culms tufted, shortly ascending, subcompressed, 3-1 ft.

long, gl abrous, smooth, few -noded, sheathed d almost to the base of the

end: sheaths lax, particularly the lower, glabrous except at the

scantily bearded mouth, striate ; ligule a ciliolate rim ; blades linear

to lanceolate- ea tapering almost from the e to a fine point,

2-3 in. long, x, 1-2 2 lin. wide - - e shut flat or base more or less

length of the tk. obliquely erect, divided from near the base ;

branchlets long divaricate, 2-1- =e culate, filiform to subcapillary,

angular, scabrid; pedicels 2-1 i . long ; spikelets oblong, com-

pressed, 3-4 lin. ‘by 1i—1+ ln, 6-9- @ oah | light green, tinged with

purple ; rhachilla persistent, smooth ; glumes subequal, lanceolate

im profile, acuminate, almost 14 lin. long, herbaceous-membranous,

l-nerved : 3 valves ee mi in profile, acuminate, 1+ lin. long,

mly membranous; lateral nerves somewhat pro ominent, keels

Seovenatous ; pales somewhat shorter than the glumes, strongly

tved, keels stout and spinulously ciliolate ; anthers 2 lin. long.

Katanarr ReGion: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5684.

oe Reeion: Natal; hill tops at Umpumulo, 2700-2800 ft., Buchanan,

. E. denudata (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 392) ; perennial,

tufted ; i erect, simple, og slender, 1—2 ft. long, smooth,

— hoded, upperm most interno very long and long exserted ;

except for a few ron hairs at the mouth, lowest short, pena

Strlate, persistent, tomentose at the broader base

at length gabrstent gels a hoe ciliate rim ; blades taewe,

€

rather figid, eh pie or with few scattered fine hairs on the

margins, closely ob margins scaberulous ; panicle erect, linear-

614 GRAMINES (Stapf). | Hragrostis.

oblong, 3-4 in. long; axis glabrous, angular, seaberulous, at least in

the upper part; branches solitary, short, spreading more or less at

right angles, 6—2-spiculate from the base, simple or almost so,

angular, scaberulous; pedicels extremely short, puberulous ; spike-

lets more or less spreading at right angles, linear to linear-lanceolate,

strongly compressed, 4~8 lin. 1—2 lin., olive-green, somewhat

] —20-flowered ; rhachilla persistent, scaberulous; glumes

Katawart Reoion: Griqualand West, Hay Div.; between Griqua Town and

Witte Water, Burchell, 1981! between Witte Water and Riet Fontein, Burcheld,

2010! Herbert Div.; near . Clair, Douglas, Orpen, 252! Bechuanaland 5

! Orange Free State 1

gt 279! near the Caledon River, Burke! Basutoland, Leribe, Buchanan,

rm, persistent; ligule a narrow long hairy rim; blades very

compressed, {—4 lin. long, whitish, subtranslucent. Steud. Syn-

Glum,i. 271; Anderss, in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 560 ; Durand

stamens 2; anthers about 1-1 lin.; grain short, ellipsoid, ies

See

Eragrostis.] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 615

Ff Schinz, ae Fl. Afr. v. 881. Poa er Kunth, Rev.

Gram. ii, 543, t. 186 ; ae i. fet Suppl.

Eas ; Umpum 2000 ft., Buchanan, 254a! near

Durban, Williamson, 58! Valle ey of cs: Unie River, art without precise

locality, Plant, 59! Ger rard, 481! Delagoa Bay, Kuntze, 219!

Also in tropical Africa and the Mascareue Islands,

When the eR are very crowded, the lower florets are often more or less

reduced and ban

25. E. sclerantha (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 388) ; perennial ; culms

erect, straight, from an oblique rhizome, up to 1 ft. long, sheathed all

along or the uppermost internode exsunted, few-noded ; leaves

crowded at the base ; basal sheaths numerous, woolly-to thertéoee at

long woe. > to a fine oint, 4-7 i -2 in., ti rigid,

glabrous or adpressedly ane striate ; See narrow, contracted,

oblong-cuneate, 23-6 in. long; axis subflexuous, filiform, smooth ;

branches solitary, sometimes irregularly approximate, lower erect,

"pper more or less spreading, longest up to 2 in, lon is aed

e m

ori 1i in , closely 6 ‘5. flowered, oie. green; rhachilla Dersisiont

alia unequal, ovate-lanceolate, acute or suba acute, l-nerved, upper

nes, I lin. long, keels s ees valves cblonglanceoat, ape ee

—1 lin, long, rather firmly merabranous, side-nerves in-

conapicuons, keel stout and sexknnle towards the tip ; ont F lin.

long, keels scabrid ; anthers }—2 lin long. hae Syn. Pl. Glum. i.

270; Durand & Schinz, Consp. “Fl. Afr. v. 889.

GioN: King Williamstown Div.; between Yellowwood (Kachu)

Coast Req

Sth and Zandplaat, 1000-2000 ft., Drége, 43 28 |

Katanari ReGion: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5699!

occupying 4 or more of the culm and long exserted ; leaves crowded at

the Ms e, more or less = with spreading often tubercle-based

or not, ‘lowest firm, caeneaks ligule a dense fringe of very

ss hairs ; blades linear, tapering to a fine often subeallous point,

in. by 1-2 lin., flat or more or less eee or sor

particularly in the upper part, rigid, smooth or scaberu 0

Upper side, obscurely striate above, conspicuously so ay ; panicle

ovate to oblong, 1-3 in. long, more or less contracted; axis smooth

and reduced single spikelet, filiform, more ar,

Scabrid ; poe ae ‘chien puberulous, very short ; tea lap, «pa

616 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Hragrostis.

to oblong, obtuse, somewhat turgid, 23—4 lin. by 14-14 lin, closely

7-15-flowered, olive-green to almost leaden-grey ; : thachilla persistent,

smooth, joints very short ; glumes unequal, ovate, obtuse to sub-

acute, upper longer, about 3 lin. long, keels scabrid valves broadly

and obliquely ovate, obtuse to subacute, 1 lin. long, membranous,

side-nerves more or less inconspicuous, keel scaberulous near the tip;

pales * lin. long, keels spinulously scabrid; anthers about }—3 lin.

long; grain subglobose to zie cubic, less ‘than 3 1 lin. long, brown ;

embryo very large. Nees ss Austr. 389 ; ‘Drege in Linnea,

xx. 255; Steud. Syn. Pl. ona . 270; Puvand § Schinz, oS

Fl. Afr. v. 881. 'E. racemosa, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 2715

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Pl. Afr. v. 889. Poa racemosa, Thunb.

Prodr. 21; Fl. Cap. i. 422; ed. Schult. 113; Kunth, Enum. i. 344.

Poa chaleantha, Kunth, Enum. i. 339.

Sout A¥rRica: without precise seeesttys ~Siaeliege ! oe 432

ndam Div.; Pus Val

Coast Reeion: Sweller ley ae & Zeyher

Riversdale Div.; hills near Zoetem dis Sven” ‘Biook el, ‘6755! ‘eteen ae

Vet River and Kampsche ig Burchell, 6885! Uitenhage ; Vanstadens-

berg Range, Zeyher ! Peddie Div. ; Fredric pea on the Saaue River, Gill!

Alexandria Div.; Zuurberg bai ie 000 ft., Drége! Albany Div.; near

Grahamstown, MacOwan, 153! Komgha eS near Komgha, Flanagan, 912!

between a1 peo hg Komgha, ag ft., Drége. Queenstown Div. ;

Finchams Nek n /Maiatage sis 3900 ft., Galpin, 2376! Shiloh, 3500 ft.,

Baur, 910! Stockenstx om Div. ; near Philipton and on the Winterberg Range,

Ecklon.

bee Patel Orange Free State; by the Caledon River, near

Komissie 4000 ft., Zeyher, 1835 ! Burke, 114! and without precise

ere oes 3363! Transvaal; Moo ver near Potchefstroom, Nelson,

i Ri

2*! Wor onderboomport, near Pr etori ia, Bena nn, 4496! erry Rehmann,

568 5685! Bosch Veld, at Menaars Farm, Rehmann, 4859! Apies River,

Nelson, 98*! Blauw Bank, Ne <p ye near F hyaaatens,” Wilms, 1718! Apies

Poort near Pretori sna Rehman

area RN REGIO = Saab ak gre near Bazeia, Baur, 320! ees

(Faku’ a Cesitery |, ‘Sutherland ! Natal; Durban Bay, Krauss, 295 ! Durban

Hlats, Buchanan, 46! Umpumulo, common, 2000 ft. Buchanan n, 256! Rovelo

ills, 7000 ft., Sutherland ! De Beers Pass, Wood, 5995 Shige an eae

bhon 7230! Drakensberg Range, near Van Reenens Pass, 5000-6000 ft., Wood,

1}~2 lin. (when ex colar more or less eonvolute, et suberect,

Eragrostis. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 617

2 lin. long, keel scabrid ; valves broadly and obliquely ovate-oblong

in profile, more or ess obtuse, 1 lin. long, firm, very smooth,

yellowish below, dull green in the upper pa tt, side- -nerves rather

inconspicuous in reflected light; pales persisteut, ra ual to the

valves, rather broad, keels stout and scabrid ; anthers } lin. long

Katanart Recron: Transvaal; between Elands River and Klippan,

Rehmann, 5116!

y ‘

Smooth below, densely scaberulous and whitish above 3 panicle

branches solitary, rather distant, lower up to ong, more or less

flexuous, filiform, seaberulous, the lowest undivided for 3-1 in. or

like the rest divided from near the base, their branchlets usually

Persistent ; glumes subequal, ovate-oblong, acute, up to 1 lin. long,

I-nerved, deciduous ; valves obliquely oblong, acute to subobtuse,

3-1} lin. long, side-nerves slender minent, keel scaberulous

above ; pales deciduous, slightly shorter than the bad keels

Sochang anthers 2-8 lin. long; grain oblong, $ lin. by 3~—4 lin.,

bro luzoniensis, Steud, Syn. Pl. Glum. i, 266. £.

Wataweaea Stapf in Hook. f Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 318, not of Nees.

Poa = pongetie, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 840.

N Region: sion near ener Williamson, 61! moist egy a

i: Pinetown, Buchanan, 115! Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Buchanan,

mont, Wood, 7262! ore without isis locality, Gerrard, 672 !

Tropical Africa and throughout tropical Asia,

29. E. anes i — sas i — not stolo-

niferous ; culms erect or shortly ase ang from an oblique short

thizome, cits, or seanaity branched recom Jovi more than 1 oy long,

oth

ligule a fringe of v very minute hairs, sometimes mixed with long ones

at both ends: ; blades linear, tapering to a setaceous point, 13

More than 1 ft. by 1-2 lin., rigid to flaceid, flat or more Te less

618 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Bragrostis.

panicle erect, very slender, contracted, 2-42 in. long; axis slender,

smooth or almost so; branches erect, adpressed to the axis, solitary,

lowest rarely more “than 1 in. ong, usually short and like the

uppermost part of the panicle racemose from the base, 6—2-spiculate,

scabrid; pedicels short; hag often distant on the lower

a close towards the top, 21-4 lin. by 1-14 lin., dark olive-

green, closely 5-11-flowered ; shaahille subpersistent, Agee very

short; glumes lanceolate- -oblong, subacute, equal, $— ong or

the lower shorter, 1-nerved, membranous, keels eee valves

obliquely oblong, subacute to ‘acute, 1 lin. long, snenbnanors, side-

nerves prominent, keel scaberulous; pales slightly shorter than the

valves, keels strong and spinulously ciliate; anthers 2 lin. long.

E. sarmentosa, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 391 (in part); Drége in

Linnea, xx. 255.

Var. B, eo Sr eee ; ger eee nag ee aig ; iinige subgiancous,

more pad than spik n the te tant and 0

—— sagen p to ns A "ice a a sates “a il . long ; anthe r

u >

2 lin ; grain oblong, 4 lin. by 4 lin., Seetaic-inow, et

oye sh gnoageh oe Div.; Cape Flats, near ie ee Hoogte, Zeyher, 1839

Paa the Berg River ome Paich, Dré . Bt ” Swellendam Div. ;

eat ate oe the diate Hinde River, Durchell, “76161 C

Se appears nbees the material at Kew, as well as from the specimens in Drége’s

Herbar at Liibeck, that tw A species, namely E. sarmentosa and

gE “elation a have a n distributed — rege as oR. sarmentosa, Nees, var.

pumila.” rticular spec ee i Bice sem the original number

1666 is tered i the = a a collection is E. entose. The To eality given

for 1666 in the Berlin rium is, according ye a kind communication from

r. H. Harms, ‘‘am grossen "Dergtlies, Sandboden, i, Hihe.”

30. E. sarmentosa (Trin. Gram, Gen. 398, and in Mém. Acad.

Pétersb. sér. 6, 1. 398) ; perennial, we cespitose, stoloniferous ;

culms ascending from a creeping or mbent base, branched below,

+ to more than 1 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, many-noded, internodes

exserted ; sheaths tight or more or leas loose, striate, very s anos and

glabrous except at the sometimes earded mout , short, lowest

od ic ie Pa a fringe of very minute hairs mixed with long

: blades linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, {-2 i0-

a 1-1} lin., flat or involute, rigid, glaucous or subglaucous, ’ glabrous

or with long hairs close above the ligule, finely and closely striate ;

panicle erect, very narrowly linear, contracted, dense, 1-4 in. long;

axis slender, smooth or almost so; branches erect, adpressed to the

axis, solitary, ait up to more than 1 in. long, undivided for sia

distance, then bearing (like the upper part of the axis) faseicles 5

shortly pedicelled or subsessile spikelets on short branchlets crowd

resembling a dense in terrupted or lobed false spike; ultimate o

sions and pedicels seabrid; spikelets linear, 11-32 lin. by 3-5 6

greyish-brown r purplish, closely 7- 15-flowered ; rhachilla su

th, joints very short; glumes unequal, deciduous, —_—

late-oblong, acute or subaeute, membranous, 1-nerved, uppet anme

SNE See oe Oe a ee)

ae eee a ee ee sl

Eragrostis. | GRAMINEA (Stapf). 619

what longer, up to more than 3 lin. long; valves obliquely ovate-

oblong in profile, subacute, 3 ‘lin, long, r rather firm, side-nerves

straight, prominent, keel seaberulous above ; pales about 3 lin. long,

keels scabrid; stamens 3 ; anthers 3 lin. long, ellipsoid ; grain elliptic-

ovoid, over 2 ‘lin. long, brown, opaque. Nees in innea, Vii. 330;

Fl. Afr. Austr, 391; Trin. Gram. Suppl. 70, and in Mém. Acad.

Pétersb. sér. 6, iv. 71; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 270; Durand §

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 889. ae sarmentosa, Thunb. Prodr. 21;

Fl. Cap. i. 422; ed. Schult, 113; in Mém. at. Mose. iii. 45, t.

Steud. in Flora, 1829, 488 ; Kunth ye i. 344. P. racemosa (0,

Steud. in Flora, l.c., not of Thur

SourH AFRica : wtthuode precise van cork 1836!

Coast Reaion: Cape Div.; swampy places at the foot of Devils Mountain,

Ecklon, 954! in wet places on Table oven and by streamlets between Table

Mountain and the Lions Head, Ecklon; by the Salt River, Ecklon ; in the san

of the ‘ee ehe. ” dunes, Ecklon ; oe Flats near Doorn Hoogte, Zeyher, 1938!

very minute soft gland-ti ipped hairs, glaucous; sheaths with long

fine Spreading usually tubercle-based hairs, see ree towards the

bearded nodes, sometimes more or less viscous, striate, the lower

hairs; blades linear tapering to a fine point, 14-3 in 1-13 lin.,

Spreading, flat or involute, margins aren 3; panicle ovoid

oblong, erect, rather stiff, 2-4 in. by 14-23 n, lax; axis

ope

terete or subangular, striate, scantily re_lisodeliar-pecbosants or glabrous ; ;

branches solitary or subopposite, spreading, usually stiff, simply

ene a lowest branchlets 2-spiculate, finely filiform to

capillary, slightly rough above ; pedicels spreading at ight angles or

almost so, capillary, 1-32 lin. long, with a viscous ring at the middle;

aan: scattered, elliptic- oblong to linear, 23-4 lin. by $-1 lin.,

wh r tinged ‘with purple, 7-16-flow ered ; rhaehilla persistent ;

glu en vce subacut te to obtuse, l-nerved or the lower nerveless,

Keels scaberulous, lower 1~2 lin., upper about { lin. long; valves

ng,

; grain ellipsoid, almost

scabrid ; anthers 2 lin,

ng 0

3 lin.by over 1 lin: , hollowed out in poe oe oblon

Western Rec ton: Lit

: tle Namaqualand, near Ookiep, Scully

o Ratan REGION: Getaelalent West, Herbert Div. St. “oka. Douglas,

620 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Eragrostis.

32. E. major (Host, Gram. Austr. iv. 14, t. 24) ; annual, tufted ;

culms geniculate-ascending or suberect, usually stout and branched

below, 3—2 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 3-4-no oded, internodes more or

less exserted ; sheaths loose, strongly striate, keeled in the upper

by 13-4 lin., flat, more or less flaccid, light green or subglaucous,

glabrous or very seantily hairy, smooth below, scaberulous above,

usually glandular along the margins ; panicle oblong to ovate-oblong,

stiff, 2 to more than 6 in. long, dense or rather lax; axis terete,

smooth ; branches subsolitary, spreading, stiff or flexuous, lowest up

to 32 in. long or all short, branched from near the base; lateral pedi-

cels heh lin. long, all the divisions met angular, scabrid ;

valves, broad, de scabrid or ciliolate ; tions oblong, about

4 in. long ; grain globose, pea loose within the turgid valves,

$-+ lin. in diameter. Stapf in ook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 320.

E. ‘megastachya, Link, Enum. Hort. aay i. 87; Kunth, Enum. i. 333;

Reichb. Ic. Fl. Cena. 3 4. OL, jig. 1662 . Nees, Fil. Ajr. Aust’. 387 ;

! . 6, i. 404;

Glum. i. 263. E. multiflora, ‘Aschers. S Schweinf Beitr Fi. Aethiop.

299, 310; Durand § Schinz, Cons ig Fil Afr." v. 885; ‘nes in toe

g : . .

Deser, Gram. 181; Kunt h, Enum. is doe: A. Rich. Tent. Fl a

, 42

Coast Eason: Queens a Binet near * Shil oh, Sct th Baur, 869 ! plains

near Queenstown, Galpin, 2353 | Bathurst Div. ; Port Alfred, Hutton, 38a!

CENT RaL ren raatf Reinet i

i=¥)

GIoN: Orange Free State; near Bloemfontein, Rehmanit, —

Kata Rue

3755 | Transvaal near Lydenbur, 8 Reape oats

Eastern Region: Tembuland ; in gardens at Bazeia, Baw, 460! Nat

the i River, 600-1000 ft., Buskoaen, 253! and without precise

Gerrard, 4

tasiniy iallee a native of the Mediterranean regions and meee

; by

ate ’

kel

This ce, probably the plant, enumerated as £, powoides, Beauv ir 4 Lepr :

= Bu ll. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 26, from Aus, in Great Namaquali

33. E. procumbens (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 386); annual, tufted

Fragrostis. | GRAMINER (Stapf). 621

eulms geniculate, ascending, branched, } ft. long, glabrous, smooth,

about 3-noded, internodes shortly (or the uppermost long) exserted ;

sheaths loose or the uppermost tumid, striate, eglandular, scantily

bearded at the mouth, otherwise glabrous ; ligule a fringe of

short hairs; blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 1-2 in. by

lin., flat or involute, glabrous, smooth, eglandular; panicle

oblong, dense or almost spike-li e, 11-2 in. long; axis terete,

smooth ; branches subsolitary, irregularly approximate, short or

reduced to subsessile fascicles of spikelets ; pedicels very short, all

the sof pee filiform, smooth or almost so; spikelets ovate- -oblong to

linear, 2-81 lin. by 1-12 lin. long, light green, 5—15-flowered ;

long, side-nerves prominent, stron pales persistent, somewhat

shorter than the eh, keels soubiid : ating ellipsoid, 3-} lin.

ones se oe oblong, 2 lin. by 2 lin., reddish-brown. Steud. Syn. Pl.

CENTRAL factor : Aberdeen a eS on the flats and ei the river near

Camdeboo icicle, oe

Very closely allied to E. m ek wit rei smooth, eglandular leaves, narrower

and acute valves, seahey waitin: and oblong, not globose, grains.

34. E. barbinodis (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 390); annual (2) ;

culms ascending, geniculate, simple or wit . leafy branches from

the intermediate nodes, from less than 1 to more than 2 ft, long,

ctahnd hairy below the nodes, and soendties resinous, 5—6-noded,

. 2

fos

io)

°o

]

todes exserted ;

mouth, otherwise glabrous or beset with very fine often tuberele-

ased he airs ; ligule a short-ciliate rim; blades linear to lanceolate-

linear, acute to o pungent, S_4 in, by 2 21 lin., more or less spreading,

flat or convolute rigid, glaucous, with aeukueewe fine tu tub bercle-based

spikelets : Yatetel eho short ; sae ht Fined, slightly pence

3} lin. lon by 3 lin 6-8-flowered, greyish-green ; rhachilla sub-

lower over 2 lin., upper over #% lin. long, membranous, I-nerved,

Margins minutely serrulate ; valves oblong, obtuse to subaeute, about

+ lin, long, a ineren seabed from papilla, mbar 4 along the

minutely serrulate ; als equalling the valves, Eests seaberulous ;

“nthers 3-2 lin. long; grain elliptic, slightly compressed from the

back, 2 lin, long, brown ; pericarp slightly swelling in w

sat tAMART Reeton: Transvaal; Bosch Veld, at Klippan, Rehmann, 5362 !

622 GRAMINER (Stapf). [Pragrostis.

35. E. superba (Peyr. in Sitz. Ber. Acad. Wien, Math.-Nat. Cl.

: ly cxspitose with intravaginal inno-

vations, glabrous ; eulms erect or geniculately ascending, 2-3 ft. long,

rather stout, smooth, 2-noded, internodes exserted, uppermost very

long ; sheaths smooth, bearded at the mouth, lowest crowded, broad

at the base, keeled, persistent, upper terete, tight ; ligule a fringe of

short hairs ; blades linear, long tapering to an acute poin t, 2— 8 in.

or more by 1-3 lin., firm, more or less rigid, upper often ete

usually more or less involute or convolute, rarely quite flat, smooth

below, scaberulous on the upper side; panicle narrow, linear or

oblong, often interrupted below, erect, 4-10 in. long; axis usually

straight, smooth, terete below, angular above ; branches distant, erect

or suberect, solitary,

1- -10-spiculate, che

4-3 lin. long ; Sue ae articulated with the pedicels, deciduous,

rather distant or cluste owards the tips of the branches or

branchlets, strongly compressed from the side, suborbicular, ovate or

ovate-oblong, 3-8 lin. by 23-42 lin,, straw-coloured, rarely more OF

lanceolate in profile, acute or mucronate, 11-22 lin. long, 1-nerved,

firmly eae strongly keeled ; valves obliquely oblong, sub-

acute, 13-28

prominent and ites green ; pales 2-fid, keels winged, wings narrowed

upwards, produced into obtuse auricles at the base, ciliolate; anthers

1 lin, long ; grain oblong, 1 lin. long; pericarp loose ; seed truncate

at both ends, subquadrangular, rown. in Engl. Jahrb.

xi. 405; Durand & tape Consp. Fl. Afr. 890 ; Hack. in Bull.

Herb. Boiss. i iv. App. iii. 27. EH. elata, Munro ex Ficalho & Hiern

in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. "9, ii. 32; Durand § Schinz, l.c. 883.

ilies sagen without — rane pe tp 1834

1 Reeion: Ho e Orange “Riv ver at ‘* Amaryllis

e l

, Tuck, 13! Orange kev Nesrgre O

Caledon Rives, _ 2p eg and without a locality, H’

n d Kosi Ponti, Burchell, ene ! Transvaal ; Bosch Veld,

cre ‘River and Klip stole 5115 ! plains near Rustenburg,

ar Lydenburg, gf pani ! Bee coe Ot E.S.C.A. Herb.

gat — witht precise locality, McLea, 111!

East

Wood 3587 ! beaks ‘of the T Tugela River, Buchanan, 255! a

locality, Gerrard, 468! Zululand, Wood, 7307 ! De elagoa Bay, vor

Also in tropical Africa.

ey p

E. brizoides (Nees in Linnea, vii, 328); perennial, compactly

tufted with intravaginal innovation- shoots ; culms erect or geniculate-

ascending, slender, “firm, from 4 3 to more than 2 ft. long, Deeb

smooth, 1-3- noded, intern

the length of the culm; sheaths tight, ‘glabrous except the

mouth, lowest atts crowded, persistent ;

RuGIon: Natal ; Weenen County, 5000 ft., Wood, a6! at 3500 ft.,

mi ri

ligule a fringe of minute

Hragrostis, | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 623

hairs; blades narrow, nee tapering to a fine point, 2-4 in. pion

to 8 i y 1-1} lin., usually more or less convolute or involute

rigid, glabrous, “smooth below, seaberulous above, striate ; se

linear to oblong, contracted, 2-4 in. long, erect or nodding ; axis

filiform, flexuous, smooth; branches solitary, filiform, angular,

smooth, racemosely 6—2-spiculate; pedieels very short; spikelets

crowded or sometimes more distant, ovate to ovate- oblong or sub-

orbicular, strongly compressed, 2-6 lin. by 11-32 lin., densely 5-40-

flowered, straw-coloured, usually tinged with dull purple; thaehilla

long, lower ae valves obliquely elliptie-oblong in profile,

3-1? lin long, side-nerves prominent, keel adpressedly ciliate ;

pales subequal to the valves, broad, keels very densely and minutely

ciliolate ; anthers { lin. long; grain narrowly ee not ike

1 lin, by 3 2 lin, ; pericarp slightly swelling in water. Nees, F7. Afr.

Austr, 384 3 Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum., i. °270 ; Durand § Schinz,

m. m.

sér. 6, i. 400. Briza capensis, Thunb. Prodr. 21; Fl. Cap. i. 419;

ed. Schult. 112 Poa brizoides, Linn. f. Suppl. 110; Kunth, Enum.

1.327. Megastachya brizoides, Roem. & Schult, Mant, ii. 329.

SourH Arrica : without 8 hee sire Bergius! Zeyher, 1832! 1833 !

Recion: Clanwilliam Div.; by the Olifants baie and at Brack

ontein, pe Drége, Devils Mountain,

Ecklon, 959! north slopes of the Lions Head, Wolley Dod, ats ! between Cape-

n slopes

near Tokay, Ecklon, Tokay Plantation, W dope Dod, 1965! Cape chap near

Dod, 2494! Dido Valley, Wolley 1 “+ 3826! Ww t an ad Slang

Kop, Wolley Dod, 3297! Rail y een Kenilworth and Claremont, Wol

Dod, 31151 3565! above enpeget cee Wolley Dod, 2951! Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh

Kloof, Ecklon’! Paarl sandy plains near P erg, Drége tellen

bosch Diy eo ‘Holland, Ecklon. Caledon Div.; near Genadendal,

Drége. Swellendam ; on mountain ridges along the lower part of

Zonder Einde River, Paes 562! Riversdale Div.; between Great Vals River

and Zoetemelks River !

6695! bet he Gau River and the Great Vals River, Burchell, 6504!

Uniondale D ; between es River and Roode Krantz River, Burchel !

Bathurst Dj ; between Blu antz and Kaffir ft Mili Post, Burchell,

3708! near Port Alfred, Hutton, 44a! Port Elizabeth Div. ; amma,

Burchell, 4537 ! Humansdor .; near Kromme River, , 365! Uitenhage

Div.; by th tkops River, Ecklon & Zeyher! between a er River and

Sunday River, Ke Olifantshoek Mountain n River

Ecklon ; among shrubs in the oo —_ Range, Ecklon y eee 287

Albany Div.; between Bushman River and Karega River, Ecklon ; and

Without precise locality, on al 153! Alexandria Div.; hills near Addo,

Ecklon! Bathurst Div. ; Port Alfred, 44a! Zwart Hoogte, Burke ! Stocken-

strom Div.; Winterberg ga near Philipton, Ecklon. Catheart Div. ; ;

Glencairn, 5000 ft., Galpin, 24194 !

ENTRAL REGION: Fansoovill Div. ; hills near Klein Bruintjes Hoogte, 3

Drege, Graaff Reinet Diy. ; mounta an to ops near Graaff Reinet 4500 ft., rp nage tt

Aliwal North Div. ; lees plains at the foot ‘of the Witte Bergen, 5000 3

624 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Fragrostis.

KAtanari Reeion: Orange Free State; without precise locality, Cooper,

913! 3337! Transvaal; Klip Drift, by the Vaal Riv vd Nelson, 78* ! Spitzkop

Goldmine, Wilms, 1720a! Apies Poort, mah 4042

nN: Transkei ; betw n Gekan (Geva or Geuu) River and

Bashee River, 1000-2000 ft., Drége! ise ae near Bazeia, Bawr 9!

300! Natal; Riet Vlei, , Buchanan, 251! Flats, Buchanan,

i, 4000-5000 ft. !

27! near Durban, Williamson, 59! Coastla nd, Sutherland! throughout Natal,

bree 865! Inanda, Wood, 993! Mooi Hives, Wood, 4068! Berea, Woo

934! Van Reenens Pass, bei 7222! 7245, and without precise locality,

Getehis, 102! 252! Plant, 62!

37. E. truncata (Hack. in Engl. Jahrb. xi. 405); perennial ;

branched at the base, branches very short, in compact fascicles of

slightly viscous, 2-3-noded, internodes exserted; sheaths of the

barren shoots closely imbricate, very short, broad, strongly striate,

covered more or less with wo ool, persistent, shea ths of culm-leaves

i smooth ; ligule a dense, very short, woolly

fringe ; blades of the barren shoots linear, subobtuse, or with a

callous point, 1-1} in. by 3-12 lin., flat or folded, rigid, usually

obliquely erect, sometimes spreading and curved, glaucous, smooth

below, strongly nerve oe ric nese gn above ; neorns

spreading, up to 1 in. long, divided from the base or from 2-3 Jin.

above it, filiform, eaytnic scaberulous ; Sains very short ; suis

lets crowded, more or less secund, strongly compressed, ovate

oblong, 2-3 lin. by 1- ef lin., 5-12- flowered, pallid or slightly tinged

with purple ; thachilla flexuous, disarticulating ; glumes subequal,

oblong in profile, acute, 1 lin. long, somewhat rigidly membranous,

keel stout and scabrid ; valves very broad, elliptic-oblong in profile,

truncate, 1 lin. long, finely granular, somewhat r rigidly membranous

except at the very narrow hyaline margins and a hyaline area along

the keel, side-nerves strong, prominent, keel slightly rough ; * Lng

equal to the ane keels acute and scabrid ; anthers 3—2 lin.

CEN GION; Graaff Reinet Div.; near Wagenpads Berg, on “the

southern sit Buchel 2834

O Geawwaiend West, Hay Div.; at the foot of the Asbestos

eae baten: tks Kloof Village and Witte Water, — ll, 2076! and

Kimberley Div. ; Dutoits Pan, Tuck ! Philipstown Div.; between ‘‘ Bare Station”

and ‘‘Gnu Halt,” Burchell, 2687! Basutoland; Leribe, Buchanan, 130! Bechu-

analand ; stony places near Kachun Fontein, 3900 ft., Marloth, 1023!

. E. bergiana (Trin. in Bull. Seient. Acad. St. Pétersb. i. 70) +

pre: branched at the base, branches creeping, and often rooting,

up to 4 in, long, emitting numerous very short and imbricate curved

barren each and one flowering culm from near the apex ; flower/ns

culm geniculate-ascending or suberect, slender, 4-6 in. long, glabrous,

smooth or viscous, 1-noded, internodes exserted, upper by far the

longest ; sheaths of the barren branches closely imbricate, very short

Hragrostis.| GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 625

and broad, strongly striate, covered with a partly fugacious wool

towards the base ; sheaths of the flowering eulms very tight, glabrous,

smooth; ligule a dense very short woolly fringe ; blades of the

barren Diainches linear, obtuse, 2-4 lin. by 1—5 lin., flat or —

very rigid, spreading and soniewhat curved, glaucous, smooth

strongly nerved and densely scabrid above; culm-blades 3-12 in. by

lin., less rigid ; panicle ovoid or oblong, erect, usually dense,

1-2 in. long ; xis slender, angular, smooth or ec aie rough ;

branches solitary, obliquely erect or = ading, up t in. lon

divided from the base or from 2-3 lin. above it, liform, angular,

scaberulous ; branchlets and pedicels oie short ; spikelets er row ed,

broad, elliptic to oblong, obtuse, strongly compressed, 2-4 lin. by

130i, , )—12-flowered, more or less tinged with dull purple; rhaehilla

flexuous, disarticulating ; glumes subequal, oblong, subobtuse, 1 lin.

long, vigi y membranous except at the narrow hyaline margins,

lower l-nerved, keels rough; valves broad, obliquely ovate, very

obtuse, 1 lin. long, rigidly membranous to subchartaceous, except at

the very narrow hyaline margins, granular-scabrid, side-nerves strong,

prominent, keel scabrid ; pales equal to the valves, keels stout and

scaberulous; anthers 1 lin: long. Trin. Gram. Suppl. 71, and in

im. A : a

% cad. Pétersh. scr. 6, iv 72; Durand §& Schinz, Consp

Fl. Afr. v. 880, E striata, Nees, Afr. Austr. 385

Syn, Pl. Glum, i. 270; Durand §& Schinz, lc. 890. LE. stricta,

Nees, ex Durand & Schinz, le. 880 (by error). Poa striata, Thunb.

Prod, 22; Fl. Cap. i. 421 ; ed. Schult. 113 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 345.

P. bergiana, Kunth, Rév. Gram. ii. 549, t. 1 89 ; Enum.i. 334 ; Suppl.

290. P. floccosa, etm —_ been Pug. iii. "39; Nees in Linnea,

Vii. 828 ; Kunth, Enum. i

Coast Region: Rive rsdale Div.; banks of na Gauritz River, Thunberg ’

Ecklon. Qudtshorn Divs: Cannaland, ” Thunber.

Centrat Region: Prince Albert Div. ; by es Gamka River, Bergius

Beaufort West Diy.; near Beaufort, Eckion ; between Beaufort t and Rhinoster

~oP in w V ountains, Dr 0

East, Bowker, 80! Graaff Reinet Div.; by the Sunday River, 1600-2000 tt.

7 : ar Reinet, 2500 Bolus, 552! higher parts of Compass

Berg (Spitz Kop), Bolus, 1288! Middelburg Div.; between Wolve Kop and

Midde elburg, Burchell, 2789! Colesberg Div. ; near Woidedbouvdd, Drége.

39. E. obtusa (Munro ex Ficalho & Hiern in —

Ser. 2, ii. 32); perennial, densely cexspitose, with numerous intra-

vaginal innovation-shoots ; culms usually repeatedly pneas wiry,

wt It. long, smooth, ‘glabr us, 2—4-noded, internodes e ;

sheaths tight, glabrous exeept at the bearded mouth, very rarely

finely ciliate along the margins, lowest very firm, persistent; ligule

a line of short hairs : blades linear, long tapering to a su eou

Point, 2- 8] lin., usually involute or convolute, rathe

*—4in. by 4-3 in., rather lax ; axis straight, smooth ; branches solitary,

rarely subopposite rather distant, ech cae a

626 GRAMINEX (Stapf). —— [Eragrostis.

smooth, divided from near the base or 3-4 lin. above it; branchlets

straight below, capillary and flexuous above; pedicels capillary, 2 1-2 lin.

long ; spikelets loose or rather crowded on the a more or

less nodding, broadly ovate-oblong or oblong, obtuse or Pe:

orbicular, vogue ay laterally 5 a whitish or usually more

less grey, 13-23 lin. by 12-2 lin., closely 8-20-flowered ; thachilla

disarticulating ; glumes and ‘valves very similar, broad, boat- shaped,

membranous, keeled, subacute; lower glume 1-nerved, 3-3 lin

Jong, upper 3-nerved, 8 lin. long; valves obliquely truncate at the

base, 1 lin. long, keel stouter upwards, smooth, side-nerves

ciliolate ; anthers + lin. long; grain dorsally compressed, broadly

elliptie or suborbicular in outline, plano-convex, 2 lin. long, brown,

smooth. Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.v.886. Briza geniculata,

Thunb. Prodr. 21; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 112; Kunth, Enum. i. 372 ;

a. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 282. B. nigra, Burch. Trav. i. 587 (name

only).

Sourn AFrica: without precise pe wes Thunber

ale Div

Cc ReEGion : Rivers n the Guarite Le and Great Vals

River, Burchell, 6527! Uitenhage ate tween the Zwartkops River and

unday River, Ecklon §° Zeyher! ae Flats, to ye ‘aot of the Winter-

hoek Mountains, Ecklon. Alban iv.; summit of as Berg, 2300 tt.,

MacOwan, 1277! Alexandria Div. ; Sam Tees Vlakte near Enon, Dra ge. Bathurst

Div.; Port Alfred, Hutton, 7e! Fort Beaufort Div.; Fort Be stot, Ecklon ;

ates River, Baur, 1063. Stockenstrom Div.; Winte erberg, near Philipton,

ck ~

L Reeton: Prince Albert Div.; near arlene 5 by the Gamka

be Su

River, "2500-3000 ft., Drege. Jansenville Div.; betw nday River and

the Zuur erg Range, Drége ! Somerset Div.; near So nee East, Bowker, 148

Graaff Reinet Diy. ; stony hills near Graaff Reinet, 2500 ft., Bolus, 368! Al rt

- ft., ie he

657! Richmond Div. ; by the Zeekoe r, 5000 ft., era Colesberg Div: 5

at Carolus Poort, eel ‘hell, 7631 near Goteborg, Shaw

AHARI Rue : Griqu aland West, Hay Div erases Griqua Town and

te Water, Burchel, 1978! Ora ners Bree, State Caledon River, Burke!

Transvaal ; Derde Poort, near Pretoria, Nelso

Also in acpi Africa, according to ale pa Hiern.

40..E. brizantha (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 411); annual, with very

few feeble barren fae culms faseicled, “goniculate-ascending

bearded at the mouth ; ligule a fringe - short hairs ; blades ine

tapering to a fine point, 1- “2 in _ long, 1 lin. wide at the base, flat 0

more or less involute or convolute above, somewhat rigid, glaucous,

scabrid except on the back towards the base, scantily “hairy on sat

upper side or quite glabrous; panicle consisting —8 somewha

distant dense short false spikes, to 21 in. long, straight; a

Stut,

smooth or slightly rough; branches up to 7 lin. long, filiform, :

spreading, bearing dense olpsters of subsessile spikelets ; spikele

Eragrostis. | | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 627

vate or broad-oblong, obtuse, 11-2 lin. by 1-11 lin., compressed,

ions ely 8-17-flowered ; rhachilla disarticulating ; : glumes and valves

similar, membranous, whitish, becoming dar towards the tip,

inflated, boat-shaped, 1 lin. long, side-ne 8 prominent ; pales sub-

equal to the valves, broad, very obtuse, eels seabrid above ; ; anthers

2 lin. long, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 272; Durand & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. ‘Afr. v. 880; Hack, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 26.

Western Region : Little Namaqualand ; by the Orange os near Verlept-

pram, Drege! Great Namaqualand; between Aus an uias, Schenck, 221;

near Gobachab, between Aus and the Orange River, Schenck, 337! ! Pohle, 17!

Also in the tropical part of German South-west Africa.

41. E. echinochloidea (Stapf) ; biennial (, without innovation-

shoots (2) ; culms geniculate, suberect from a slender short rhizome,

branched, about 12 ft. long, rather firm, glaucous, glabrous, smooth,

3-4-no ed, internodes exserted, branches sometimes fnatseled:

sheaths glabrous, loosely striate, upper tight, lower at length

loosened, rather firm, more or less persistent; ligule a fringe " of

Minute hairs ; eo linear, tapering to a fine point, 13-3 in. by

> lin. at or nvolute, rigid, often spreading, glaucous, glabrous

and smooth Eales scaberulous ‘and sometimes finely hairy in the

ble

about 2 in. long; axis smooth, angular towards the nodes ; es

, ing, triquetrous, more or less seeund and spike-like from

densely clustered spikelets, the lowest up to 1 in. long; pedicels

very short; spikelets os subacute, strongly compressed, 2 lin, by

1-1} lin., whitish, 7-13-flowere d, often tinged with greyish-purple ;

thachilla disarticulating ; glumes oblong to ovate in profile, acute

middle; anthers 2 lin, long; grain oblong, 2 lin. long, brown,

Smooth ; pericarp loose.

Riis ce Region: Orange Free State; between Kimberley and Bloem-

fontein, Buchanan, 284!

42. E. Lappula (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 412) ; perennial, densely

cespitose ; le erect or geniculate, rm, rather stout, 2-3 ft. long,

glabrous, sm mooth, about 3-noded, upper tans (sometimes also

the lower} exserted ; lower sheaths firm, strongly striate, pubescent

hs J :

harrow, linear, filiform-convolute, tapering to a fine ‘iis , 6-12 in.

long, re lin. broad when e xpande ed, rigid, flexuous, glabrous or

zat hairy particularly towards this base, smooth on the back,

rulous or smooth on the face, strongly striate ; panicle erect or

ss 2

628 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Hragrostis.

nodding, narrow, eee to lanceolate, contracted, dense, sometimes

spike- like, 6-8 i Se axis filiform, ae branches ger:

sistent; glumes subequal, lanceolate, acute, 1 lin. long, thin,

deciduous, keel scabrid ; valves s omewhat spreading, stiff, lanceolate

in profile, acute, 1 lin. long or slightly longer, membranous, side-

nerves prominent, like the keels rigidly ciliate, with the cilia

tubercle-based (or rarely with the keels glabrous) ; pales subequal to

the valves, keels tubercled, long and rigidly ciliate from the tubereles;

anthers over + lin, long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 272; Durand &

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

divaricata (Stapf) ; ony open, broadly oblong or ovate; branches

and branchlets more or less divaricate ; pedicels up to 3 lin. lon ne

Katawari Reeion: Transvaal; Klip Spruit, Nelson, 58*! B: Bechu-

an: sland Pellat Plains ‘bet ween Matl: areen River and Takun, ae 2199!

Reeion: Natal; near Durban, Drege! Plant, 63! Gerrard, oe

ie Williamson, 57! Wood, 6047! Rehmann, 8630! Berea, Wood, 5938!

Zululand, Buchanan, 30

43. E. aspera (Nees, Fl. ra Austr, one annual; eulms scantily

faseieled, erect or suberect, 1—% ft. long (excluding the panicle),

la brous, smooth, simple, Sasand; sicanades usually enclosed ;

sheaths keeled, glabrous, except at the bearded mouth, or sparingly

hairy, hairs fine, tubercle- based ; ligule a fringe of long hairs ;

blades linear, nese to a long setaceous point, “4 in. to more than

1 ft. by 2-3 lin , flat, flaceid, scabrid on both sides, glabrous ; panicle

large, very lax and open, thyrsiform, oblong to obovate-oblong,

8-20 in. long ; axis terete, filiform, smooth below ; branches whorled

or irregularly appro ximate, finely filiform to capillary, scabrid,

bearded at the callous base, loosely and repeatedly divided from near

the base, longest up to 6 in. long; pedicels very long and fine;

spikelets scattered, linear, obtuse, 21—4 lin. by 2—% lin., pal allid or

tinged with purple, loosely 4-16-flowered ; : a EN et slender,

breaking up; glumes subequal, oblong, obtuse, } lin. long, 1-nerve ed ;

valves obliquely ovate-oblong, truncate, 2—% lin. long, “thin, side

nerves prominent, strong; pales equal to the valves and falling with

them, obtuse, keels seabrid; anthers about 1 lin. long 5

globose, about + lin. in diameter, brown, loose in the somewhat turgid

florets. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 272; Engl. Hochgebirgsf. pies

Afr. 133; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii, App. ii. 3 ‘a

§ Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 879 ; Stapf in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. T

vil. 314. EF. laxiflora, Schrad. in Linnea, xii. 451 reel ten

tl F Paes. Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 884. Poa aspera, J

i 56; Kunth, on i. 332 (exel. var. rn B)s A

bik: Tent. PL yi . 427.

iii =

Eragrostis. } GRAMINER® (Stapf). 629

Coast REGION: Cape Div. ; near Capetown, Spielhaus !

Eastern Recion: Natal; slo rage of Tegel, 600-1000 ft., Buchanan, 257!

in coffee plantations, near Durban, Drége, 4285

Southern India, tropical Africa, and Misdarite Islands,

44. E. gummifiua (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 393); sibeeery eom-

pactly ezspitose ; culms firm, erect, slender or so stout,

1-2 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, usually very Veoktie halite the

at i I

4-10 in. long, 1-2 lin. wide at when e ed, rigid,

glabrous, smooth on the back, densely scabrid along the projecting

ne 0 e upper side; panicle linear or w-oblong, erect,

-10 in. long; rhachis angular, smooth; branches solitary, or

irregularly approximate and subverticillate, erect or obliquely erect,

short or the lower up to 3 in. long, angular, smooth, divided from

the ae ranchlets mostly very short, subse eund, with the

ae in —- clusters ; pedicels very short ; spikelets oblong,

obtuse, u - 2 lin. long, purplish or slight brown, rigid, loosely

side-nerves very prominent, keel seaberulous above ; pales subequal

to the valves, and falling with them, keels — above ; stamens

3; anthers 2 lin. long ; Ee oblong-ellips oid, 1~1 lin. long, brown,

smooth, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 271; Durand § Schinz, Consp.

Fl. Afr. v. 883

OA ion: Uitenhage Div.; by the cmp Div. be ee Zeyher, isos

Coast Rea

Winterhock Mountain, Krauss, 59! Homa nsdorp ee, een Galge

and Melk River, Burchell, 4772! Uniondale Div. ; ae Kloof, aah

Wagenbooms River and Apies River, Burchell, 4939! Komgha Diy. ; banks of

Kei River, below 500 ft., Drege! Queenstown Div.; by the Zwart Kei River,

4000 ft., Drd ége !

Katana ARI ReGion: Basutoland; near Leribe, Buchanan, 140! Transvaal

osch Veld, between Elands River ‘and mes y) , Rehmann, 5117! Ruaenbees

sg toe omg meskes ane River, Neilson, 3

Ea anskei ; ae of he Bashee River, Drége. Natal;

N REG

withont | rie vial Psat fs

45. E. ciliaris (Link, Hort. Berol. i. 192); — or sub-

Perennial (?), tufted; culms geniculate, ascending, ofte , from a

Procumbent base, slender, 1-2 ft, long, glabrous, smooth, ‘sitopie or

can

mouth ; ligule a pa of short hairs; blades linear, tapering to a

fine point, 3-6 in. by 1-2 lin. ete ‘involute, somewhat stiff and

Spreading, glabrous, or with scattered fine long hairs, scaberulous ;

“tea, spike-ike, more or se lobed or interrupted, dense to very

dense, 9-6 j ong; axis scabrid; branches adpressed, bissatly all

very short or he lowest ap fo. 1 in, long, divided from the base ;

630 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Hragrostis.

igi es short; spikelets crowded, ovate, strongly compressed,

almost 2 lin. long, loosely 6-12- flowered, pallid, sometimes

ee a Tachi breaking up; glumes oblong- lanceolate, acute,

2 to almost + lin. long, 1-nerved, keel scabrid ; Aigo oblong in

profile, ue ole Hore and mucronulate, spreading, ‘about 2 lin. long,

thin, side-nerves prominent, keel s cabrid ; ; pales equal to the valves

and falling with them, keels of jake very long ba rigidly ciliate ;

anthers 1-1 lin. long ; grain elongate-ovoid, 1 lin, long, brown.

Trin. Gram. Gen. 397, and in Mém. Acad. Péborsb. ser. a i, 897;

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 413 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 265; ‘Anderss.

in Peters, ees ope es Bot. 558; Baker, Fl. Maurit. 456; Durand

& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 881; Stapf in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

vii. 314. E. lepida, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 424. EE.

pulchella, Parl. in Hook. Niger Fl. 188. Poa ciliaris, Linn. Sp.

Pl. 102; Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. ii. t. 304; Kunth, Enum, i. 337.

Rich. Le. 493, once siliaris, ’ Beauv. Agrost. 167; Roem.

& Schult. Syst. ii.

EASTERN REGION ene common near the coast, Buchanan, 160! margins

of woods near he Unlasi River, Krauss, 349! near Durban, McKen, 124!

sie Flats, Buchanan, 38! Berea, Wood, 5926! between Umz zimkulu River

d Umkomanzi River, Drage, 4270! and without precise locality, coeur 601!

182! Delagoa Bay, Wilms, 1691

Common throughout coaies! Africa and America, and in North India.

Linhas a, “Lit, -Ber - 1 : annual or ce ul 0, tutte’

culms erect, ied 1_] ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 1-noded, simple,

ae open an a ong, 4-6 i

branches solitary or 2-3-nate or irregularly approximate, erect or

obliquely — rather loosely and repeatedly divided from near

the base, all divisions subeapillary, gach aie = be ost sO ;

nerves prominent, smooth, like the keel; pales subequal t oe

valves, keels smooth, falling with the valebas ; stamens 2; anthers

Steud. Syn. l. Glum. i. 272. E. inten vrupta, ar. are

Var. 8, robusta (s tapf) ; ii sate. Bad be 3 ft. high, ae single og

branched below ; sheaths long, exceeding the internodes (except t he uppermost)

usually re from the stem and rolling mati in the upper part; Sgn

3-14 ft. 1 ng contracted, dense; branches more numerous, often

long; ant Raa } lin

Plate ere

Eragrostis. } GRAMINER (Stapf). 631

Western ReGion: Little Namaqualand ; sand hills on the right bank of the

Orange River, near li eg ram, Drége !

LAHARI REGION: r.B: ‘Griqualand West, Herbert Div.; near St. Clair,

Eastern REGION: : Var. 8: Natal; by streamlets, at 1000 ft., without precise

locality, adi seg 276

The typical sae m occurs sna in Angola (Huila, by the a ag ag Newton) ;

the variety 8 seems to ra all over tro opica al Africa; both e easily dis-

tinguished fro ae) fatevtipts, "aad v. (which is very Sedld 2 ot habit), by the

perfectly sthouth keels of the pal

Imperfectly known cote

47. E. homomalla (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 406) ; annual; culms

fascicled, ascending from a decumbent a: simple, 2. noded,

y 1 lin., flat, scabrid; e dense, 11-2 in. long; branches

solitary or gathered in groups of 2-3, rigid, t 0 e side ereet,

the other side spreading, triquetrous, divided almost from the

keel scaberulous ; pales shorter than the valves by 4, keels serrulate

ae Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 279 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

Coast Region: Vanrhynsdorp Div.; in the sand near Ebenezer, Drége,

48. E. hornemanniana (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 395) ; perennial ;

culms with numerous barren branches near the m iddle ; she aths

base, divided from below nic verre pedicels short; spikelets

shorter than the valves, keels rigidly ciliolate. Steud. Syn. Pl,

Glum. i. 27 1; Durand § ’ Schins, Consp. Fl. Afr. v 884.

pe istaae Recion: Natal; between Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers,

ege.

49. E. planiculmis (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 391); perennial ;

culms branched at the base, erect, straight, compressed, * glabrous

Sheaths smooth ; ligule a qnute fringe of apap blades tapering to

i i ; panicle decompound,

subcontiguous ; pedicels short ; spikelets linear, compressed, aati

Srey, shining, loosely 4—8-f1 low wered ; glumes su , obtuse, 3-

Nerved, S¢ eee Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 270 : Durand & Sehinz, Conip.

Fi, Afr. vy,

Coast joe Alexandria Div, ; wet places on the Quaggas Flats, Eeklon.

632 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Desmostachya.

LIV. DESMOSTACHYA, Stapf.

Spikelets linear, strongly laterally compressed, closely imbricate,

alternate, sessile or subsessile on, and falling entire from, the slender

rhachis of secund more or less distinctly 2-ranked spikes which are

crowded into long narrow spike-like panieles; rhachilla tough.

Florets numerous, 9, rather loose. Glumes very unequal, mem-

branous, l-nerved, keeled. Valves ovate, acute or subacute, entire,

muticous, rigidly membranous, 3- nerved, acutely keeled, glabrous,

side-nerves evanescent upwards. ales slightly shorter than the

valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, rather large, asymmetric, hyaline,

nerved at t ie base. Stamens 3. Ovary yf glabrous ; ; styles distinet,

slender ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain loosely enclosed

by the seienaly altered valve and pale, yee sae: ovoid, obtusely

triquetrous ; pericarp thin, adnate to the seed ; embryo about + the

length of the grain ; hilum small, basal, sanetteein.

as ennial, branched at the base; branches aes with leathery sheaths .

above the base and with a tuft of coarse leaves; panicle spike-like, ofte

hiberrustot b elow; branches (spikes) more or ‘ie Beige pace

approximate or spirally arranged on a stiff axis, persistent; spikelets on the

lower side of, and often at right angles to, the. ae closely Lume ed, light

straw-coloured or tinged with brown or purple, often very many-flowered.

Species 1, from Egypt to India, and southwards to East Tropical ines

This genus was erroneously supposed to occur within the area of the Flora

Capensis when the Key was drawn up; but although not actually represented

in the South African ei at atthe it is very pro obable that it will be found

c : me

a : conv!

me that it is one of the na which co co t Er ragrostexe and Chloridex (especially

the Leptochloa group), an Boy (ollowing Sir Joseph Hooker’s example

the case of M prota) w separated Desmostachya generically from

Eragrostis, where, under me of H. cyno pad sages uv., it represen nted a

separate section, erpseet tee in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

LV. SPARTINA, Schreb.

Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, narrow, densely imbri-

Sait or distant by half their length, alt ernately biseriate, sessile,

unilateral on a triquetrous excurrent rhachis, ey disarticulating

at the base ; en tough, not produced. Flore¢ hermaphrodite.

Glumes 2, narrow, wu ual, (a 5-nerved, keeled. Valve as long as

or shorter than the discs ‘glume, oblong (linear-oblong in n profile)

tal very thin exeept along the keel. Pale exceedin dy oe valve,

finely 2-nerved, very thin. Lodicules 0. Stamens 3; filaments

very tong. Ovary glabrous, acute ; styles connate at tlie base, very

long ; stigmas narrow, densely plumose Pesaran! exserted. (rain

enclosed by the little changed valve and pale, free, thio ; embry?

narrow, as rg as the grain ; hilum ine l.

VERT Le ee ae ee Ae pet, oe set origi ed

Spartina. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 633

Perennial, pte or creeping, neta tall and coarse; leaves rigid; spikelets

in an interrupte r continuous spike or raceme, erect or oblique; rhachis more

or less produced Sir the dpbaret wpikale elet.

Species about 7-8, mostly maritime on the coasts of the Atlantic.

1. 8. stricta Sa Catal. Bot. iii. 9); glabrous; rhizome

creeping, stoloniferous ; culms 3-2 ft. long, very salen sheathed

-7 lin. long, imbrieate, those of the same si in. distant,

pubescent ; lower glume very narrow, linear, 43—61 lin, long, finely

1-2-nerved, the upper lanceolate, asp 6-7 lin. long, 3-5-nerved,

nerves very elose; valve subac or obtuse, 5-53 lin. long, tips

hyaline ; pale 51-6 . long; anthers ong; grain u

ong. Kunth, Enum. i. 278; Suppl. 232; Reichb. Ic. Fl

erm. 1. t. 25, fig. 1401; Steud. Syn, Pl. Glum. i. 215; Engl. Bot.

ll apres Sowerby, Brit. Grass. t. 140; d & Schinz,

A ees,

ver “it. é r

nép. fr 858. S. capensis, Nees, Fi. Afr. Austr. io

eae . Sclins, 1. c.857. Dactylis stricta, Ait. Hort. Kew. i.

Engl. B 380. Limuetis pungens, Rich. in Pers. Syn. i.

Host, hia pron iv. t. 66.

Coast Reeion: Port Elizabeth Div. ; along the strand of Algoa Bay, near

Cape Recife and Port Elizabeth, Ecklon § Zeyher, 662! in salt marshes at the

Ai ae. the Zwartkops River, "Drege : ! MacOuwan y Bolus, Herb. Norm, Austr.

Pe ntic coast of Europe from Hoiland een ag England to the Strait of

ieee and in the Bay of Friaul in the Adri

LVI. CYNODON, Pers.

Spikelets ppsbisite small, laterally compressed, sessile, imbricate,

alternately 2-ser and unilateral on a slender keeled rhachis ;

“newt “isastionigt ie above the glumes, produced, or not, beyond

H =

—

fa)

membranous, 3-nerved, awnless, koa ciliate. Pale somewhat shorter

than the valve, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, minute, obovate-cuneate

glabrous. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; ; styles distinct, slightly

shorter than the pliiitinad styles. Grain oblong, subterete ; embryo

— the length of the grain; hilum gees 2 the length of the

‘ Perennial ; stems creeping, wi at the nodes and emitting a them

ascicles of barren shoots and flow ring culms; spikes 2-6 in terminal umbels,

Species 2; 1 in extra-tropical cate Africa, the other almost ici il

Culms many-noded with the leaves aes crowded at the

base ; ligule a ciliate rim ; rhachilla produced . (1) Dactylon.

Culms 2-3-noded d; ligule igi re ; nati not

produced... nee , : . (2) incompletus.

1. C. Dactylon (Pers. Syn. i. 85); culms from a few inches t

1 ft. long, slender, glabrous, smooth, many-noded, the lower ante

nodes very short, enclosed, the upper 3-4 much longer, more or less

exserted ; leaves usually ‘conspicuously distichous in the barren

shoots and at the base of the culms; sheaths tight, glabrous or hairy,

often bearded at the mouth; ligule a ae fine ciliate rim; blades

linear, finely acute to pungent, 1-6 in. by 1-1} lin., very rigid to

flaccid, folded or convolute or flat, more or less glaucous, glabrous or

hairy, smooth below, scaberulous above spikes a6 straight, 1-31 in,

long ; rhachis pubescent at the base, keel and margins scabrid or the

keel smooth ; spikelets light green or purplis — ay lin. long ;

rhachilla produced, very slender, equalling 2 t ength of the

spikelet ; glumes lanceolate, acute to subulate- ie the lower

634: GRAMINEE (Stapf). [Cynodon.

anthers oblong, 2 lin. ie grain + lin. long. Kunth, Enum. i.

Suppl. 203, 16, fig. 1; Reichb, Ic. Fl. Germ. rh 26, fig. alae

Nees, Fl ays Austr, 241; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 212; Engl. —

Hochgebirgsf. Trop. Afr. 132; Durand ae Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. ™

v. 856; Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. A. 11,79; B.78; C.110. C. linearis, 4

Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 90. C. oie Willd. ht. 3 Kunth, Le.

60. C. pascuus, Nees, Agrost. Bras. 425; Kunth, lc. 259; Nees,

Fi. Afr, Austr. 243 ; Steud. Syn eae Glum. i. 212; Durand & Schin®,

Dactylon, Linn Sp. Pl. 58 ; “Thunb Prodr. i. 1 ap. ed.

Schult. 103; Host, ay Austr. ii, 15, t. 18; Engl. Bot. t. 850;

ipp, Gram. Brit. t. 13. on officinale, Vill. Hist Pil.

. Daet ;

Dauph. ii. 69 ; ie $ Schweinf. Ill, Fl. Ligypte, 170. Digitaria

pri ee =. Fil. Carn. ed. ii. 55) D. ak ae Schrad. Hl.

Div. ; i itreatitots and wh chee nea > One, Ecklon, 967! sandy sae ain!

Green Point, Ecklon, 764! Platt Klipp, near ae 2 be Wilms, 3874 ! roa

towards Constantia Nek, Wolley Dod, 2473! Paarl Div. ; near Paarl, in wet —

places, Drége. Tulbagh Div.; Tulbagh Waterfall, pie Uitenhage Divs —

grassy places by the Zw papi River, tei near Uitenh . >

42291 Port Elizabeth Div.: on the dunes near Port Eli east, below 100 ft.» —

Drége! go Herb. 93! Queenstown Div. ; ; plains near Queenstown, 3500

CENTRAL ype : Somerset Div.; among shrubs, near Somerset East, 4

19.

STERN ReGIon: Little cheese eon oe the right bank of the Orange a

ow 500 ft., Dr, j

Katanarr Rxe@ion Orn Free Sta seals Kimberley and Bloem-

fontein, Buchanan, 289! patti bee ’ Rehmann, 8549! Bechuanaland

eee ee Eee et

Cynodon. | GRAMINEE (Stapf). 635 -

Kosi Fontein, vgn: 2570/1! Transvaal ; Hontbosch, Rehmann, 5713! near

igiprsaalc Wilms, 1701

EG H10K : ae ; near the Gekau (Geua or Geun) River, spa

fb, Dré Durban Flats, Buchanan, 12! 34! Berea, Woo

5930! and eihaut precise locality, Buchanan, 200!

Almost cosmopolitan.

Ext tremely variable in habit according to the station. C. pascuus, Nees, is,

in my opinion, only a shade form of C. Dac tylon

2. C. rhe (Nees in Linnea, vii. 301); culms slender,

2-7 in ng, 2—3-noded, . glabrous, smooth ; sheaths glabrous

hairy to ican bearded at the pee, the lower loose ; ligules

+l} lin. long; spikelets 11-12 lin. long; dicirernaa not nee:

glumes ovate to lanceolate, acute, the lower 1—2 vei long, the upper

+3 lin, ong; valve 11-11 Yin, long, keel n owly or obscurely

winged, poate ciliolate, keels of the ‘pale sheik, a close, scabrid

above ; ant rather more than 2 lin. long; otherwise like the

preceding specie, Fil. Afr. Austr. 243; Kunth, Enum.i. 260; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 213; Durand & Seine, Consp. Fi. Afr. v. 857.

C. notatus, Nees pa Linnea, vii. 302 ; gt Austr. 244; Kunth,

lc. 260; Steud. lc. 213 - ; Durand § patie

t REGIon : yee Div. Pps td River, Ecklon. Riversdale Div.; by the

ern River, and on the Lange K oof Mountains, Ecklon. Uitenhag: Div. ;

Steenbok Flats, nate of Wintechook Bergen, Ecklon, Zeyher. at « Kaffraria*

2000 ft., Bawr, 267!

Cen igre AL Re@ron: Beaufort West Div.; in the Gouph, Drege. Aberdeen

Div. ; Camdeboo ss 3000 ft., Drége. Colesberg Div.; Wonderhuivel, Drége !

Colesbery, Shaw

ESTERN pals Little Namaqualand; banks of the ei River, Drége.

Katanari REGION: Transvaal; near Lydenburg, Atherston

LVII. MICROCHLOA, R. Br.

Spikelets 1-2-flowered, small, sessile, crowded, unilateral on a

flattened thachis, alternately 2-seriate from near the margins of the

thachis, or in a single row; rhachilla disarticulating “above the

cuneate A cassie thin, faintly nerved. amens 2, Ovary glabrous,

suppressed in the upper floret); styles distinct; stigmas

plumose, lesan prey Grain oblong, terete, triquetrous or

636 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Microchloa.

compressed, embraced by the unchanged valve and po free ; hilum

punctiform ; embryo equalling 1—} the length of the grain

rennial, rarely annual, sometimes densely tufted; leaves narrow, often

subsetaceous ; ligule reduced a Sanactie ciliolate rim ; ‘spikes ee sea

(in the African apeuioa) or 2— a terminal umbel, straight or curved.

Species 7; 1 widely uated throughout the tropics, 3 in Africa, 3 in

Australia.

we bee 1-flowered :

s 1-1} lin. long; valve abruptly and shortly

aor ‘like the pale long ciliate along the

nerves ss ... (1) setacea.

Spikelets 13-21 lin. long; valve minutely cuspidate,

like bey pale ciliate along the nerves except at the

glabrous tips (2) caffra.

Spikelets with 2 valves ; the lower with a “hermaphrodite,

the upper with a male flower or empty . (8) altera.

1. M. setacea (R. Br. Prodr. 208); perennial, esspitose or

annual; eulms geniculate-erect, very slender, branched or almost

simple, from 2 in. to more than 1 ft. long

tumid, compressed, keeled, glabrous, smooth, the basal persistent,

breaking ae into fibres ; blades subsetaceous with an acute or callous

1-6 in. long, very slender, usually curved, afieh purplish; aie

ikel al

single row, 1-11 lin. long, glabrous; glumes lanceolate-oblong, acute

to cuspidate- acuminate, the | oes: slightly longer, ge et ; valve

abruptly and shortly acuminate, sometimes mucronulate, up to { lin.

long, very densely hairy along the nerves ; ; pale ciliate on the nerves ;

anthers 1-1 lin. long; grain dorsally compressed, over } lin. long.

ec.

oe ee8

21, fig.2; Oliv. in raat Line. Soc. xxix. 173; Engl Hochgebrgs

Trop. Afr. 131; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. “Afr. 6; Hook. f-

Fil. Brit. Ind. vii. 283. M. abyssinica, Hochst. ex ue ach Tent.

Fil. Abyss. ii. 404; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 202; goa in Bull.

Herb. rare il. App. i li. 31. Rottboellia setacea, Roxb. Pl. Corom.

KALAHARI REGION: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5725!

Throughout the tropics.

2. M. caffra (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 246); perennial, compactly

ag ; culms erect or Lege tg aoa very slender, se

ed, ogee

es exserted, the e uppermost by far ides longest ; leaves crowded at

the base ; sheaths tight or the uppermost subtumid, glabrous or ciliate

ee re Ray oe ye ee

SERN Ree IT ye Cte a gh =

Beep noe eee gph eR ee

Bae ae se Sie ees le

_—

Mierochloa.} GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 637

at the mouth, smooth, the ores perestont breaking os into fibres ;

blades subsetaceons, with a or callous point, —6 in. long,

folded, firm, often curved, ie or scantily hairy near the base,

smooth, margins rough ; ‘spike solitary, 9-31 in. long, usually

curved, often purple, margins of the thachis. ciliolate ; 'spikelets

1-flower ed, divergent and biseriate or imbricate and more or less

grain terete, over } lin. long.

ee Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 202; Durand

§ Schinz, Consp. Fil. Afr. v. 856.

phe AFRICA ; without locality, Boivin! Harvey

Ast Reeion: Tulbagh Div.; near Tulbagh Weterfall, Ecklon 5° Zeyhor! !

Uitenhage Div.; near the Zwar artkops River, Zeyher , 946! Stokenstrom

erg, in grassy places, 3000-4000 ft, Dre “af Zeyher, 7 sl Ni snmngide Div. ; 5

Bebo Flats, near Windy vogel Berg, 3000 ft., Drége. y Div.; Brand

raha own, pe ft., MacOwan, 1272 !

Onievaat Reaion: Somerset Div. ; Bosch Berg, ma Ul, 3185

KALAHARI er Tr eo Incomate pag we ‘) R River, Nelson, 13 !

Eastern Region: Tembulan a; Tabaze, near oe 2500 ft., Baur,

— yer Riet Vlei, 400 0-5000 ft., Buchanan 162! gi Puce “County, South

ft., Wood, 4403 ! Benvie, 3000—4 000 ft., Wood, 6007! Pieter

ha eat Wood, 722

3. M. altera ys Harpechloa altera, Rendle in Trans. Linn,

Soe. ser. 2, Bot. . 57) var. Nelsonii (Stapf) ; eo densely

ceespitose ; ‘culms ceo ga slender, simple, 8-10 i ong, com-

long, exserted ; tree pe crowded at the base; pee tight or

scantily woolly, the basal compressed, keeled, very narrow, persistent,

at length breaking up into fibres ; blades setaceous, fo ded, acute,

scarcely distinet from the sheat s, 3-6 in, lon , glabrous, smooth

spike ~~ ary, 3~1 in. long, usually straight ; rhachis glabrous ;

biseriate, : ng, s, brown; glumes lanceolate- oblong,

obtuse, the lower slightly longer and asymmetric, the upper firmer ;

lower flo ermaphrodite; valve minutely bilobed, 1} lin. long,

Ve; upper floret barren, slightly smaller ; valve and pale ite

ae REcion : : Transvaal ; Incomate (King ond s) River, Ne age oe!

Eastern Region: Natal; Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Buchana 163!

Zululand, 2000-3000 fe, Wood, 7304

The type of the species, only known from the Shire Highlands, differs mainly in

the more robust habit , broa der bs basal sheaths, longer and curved spikes, and in the

Upper floret being (always ?) male.

638 GRAMINED (Stapf). [ Cteniwm.

LVIII. CTENIUM, Paunz.

Spikelets of 8-4 florets, sessile, compactly crowded, unilateral,

alternately biseriate along the midrib of the flattened rhachis;

rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, continuous between the

valves, the lower 2 florets barren or the second male, the third

Glumes unequal, the lower persistent, keeled, thin, 1l-nerved, the

upper much longer, oblong to lanceolate, flattened or rounded on

the back, firm, 2-3-nerved, with a stiff awn from the middle.

Valves oblong in profile, obtuse, 3-nerved, awned just below the

tips, ciliate along the nerves or the uppermost glabrous, white, thin.

Pales slightly shorter, 2-keeled or 2-nerved. Lodicules 2, quadrate- .

cuneate, delicate, faintly nerved. Stamens 3 in the hermaphrodite,

2 in the male florets. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, stigmas

slender, long, laterally exserted. Grain free, embraced by the

unchanged valve and pale, oblong; embryo up to 2 the length of

the grain; hilum basal, punetiform.

Perennial, densely tufted, rarely annual; leaves narrow, flat or convolute ;

spikes terminal, solitary or in umbels of 2-3, usually curved ; spikelets prettily

pectinate and awned.

Species about 9, in Africa and America.

1. C. concinnum (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 287); perennial, densely

tufted ; culms erect, 11-2 ft. long, villous or pubescent below the

spike, 2-noded, upper 2 internodes very lon

exserted ; leaves mostly crowded at the base; sheaths tight or the

excurrent, awn scareely exceeding the glume; lowest valve barren,

more or less cuspidate or apiculate, ciliate, 12 lin. long, awn 2-4 iin.

long ; second valve slightly longer, narrower, the cilia prolonged into

up to lin. long; anthers of the hermaphrodite flower 1} lin. long,

those of the male usually shorter, anther-cells acute; styles very

short ; stigmas 14 lin. long.

bass

Cteniwm. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 639

RN REGION: Pondoland; between St. Johns River and Umtsikaba

River, below 1000 ft., Drége! between Umtentu River and Umzimkulu River,

Drége. Natal ; Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Buchanan, 1

LIX. HARPECHLOA, Kunth,

Spikelets of 3-4 florets, sessile, crowded, unilateral, alternately

a fl dr il

hiseriate along the midrib of attene achis; rhachilla dis-

lower floret perro, the following l or 2 male, the na

' aaah densely ceespitose ; ee firm, folded or convolute above, more or

he curved ; spikes terminal, solitary, rarely geminate, dark olive-grey.

Species 1, endemic, ie Lal bts {hu 164, (FU.

1. H. capensis “eats Rév. Gram. i. 92); enfiie erect, 3-2 ft.

long, cone below, 2-noded, woolly below the spike, otherwise

usually glabrous, upper 2 internodes very long, exserted ; leaves

y Y]2 lin, when

ibe lin, ey lower jase ovate acute to obtuse, 13-14 lin. pitt

in n.

+ @

a: Bs

te f2)

S S

—

[o)

ie)

[=¥)

“we

ioe

Net

—

ru ric Poe r. 23. " Ohloris falenta, Su. in "Berl. ‘Ges. N aturf.

e ae Neu. Schr. iii. 160, t. 1, fig. 1; Thunb. FI. Cap. ed. i. 408 ;

ii. (1819) 189. C. falcatus, Beauv. Agrost. 157. Campuloa hirsuta,

640 GRAMINEX (Stapf). | Harpechloa.

Desv. in Journ. Bot. iii. (1813) 69. Eleusine falcata, Spreng. Syst.

Sourn oe Baie oe sage he age te

endar

Coast REGIOD Sw d. Mossel Bay Div.; between

Duyker River a Ga sete a ge Pat 6402! Uniondale Div.; Lange

Kloof, Ecklon. uificahe age Div.; Van Stadensber rg Range, nearest t to Galge-

bosch, Burchell, 4729! Port Elizabeth Div. dkeerk Elizabeth, E.S.C.A. Herb., 95!

Alexandria Div. ; between Sunday River and Busk mans River, ng near Addo,

Drége ; northern slopes of the Zuur Berg Range, . 2500 3000 ft., Drege ! Albany

Div.; mountains near Grahamstown, 2300-2400 fe Saar Sug 1293! Burke!

Stocken ce Div.; above ies Pty near — sources of the Kat River, Zeyher !

Kat Berg, 3000-4000 ft., Dré Queenstown Div. ; Finchams Nek, near

Queenstown, 3900 ft., Galpin, 2370! Britis h Catfrari ria, ‘Cooper, 3357 !

ENTRAL REGION : ae Div. ; plateau on the summit of Bosch Berg,

near Somerset East, 4800 ft., MacOwan S§’ Bolus, Herb. ek, Aust. Aft. 4 790!

one ot AN : NP wel Kane Mountain, 5000 ft., Bolus, 137

I REG Free Sta re Cooper, 916! aaear: TEmdaobil

Distr, ‘Eiitakop. Goldene ib, — :

N Region: Tembuland ; near sea, Baur, fry 2 near Pieter

V asatea 1000-2000 ste fat “td! Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan,

mo ! aoe River, 4000 ft., Wood, 73177 and without pated tear Buchanan,

57! 93

LX. CHLORIS, Swartz.

Spikelets of 2-4 florets, sessile, crowded, unilateral, 2-seriate on &

slender rhachis; rhachilla disarticulating ’ above the glumes, tough

between the valves, more or less pr roduced ; lowest floret erma-

phrodite, the second male or barren, the following, if present, barren,

often minute. Gluwmes 2, persistent, narrow, “kee ed, acute and

mucronate, very thin, or broad, and the upper obtuse, more or less

bilobed and rounded on the ‘back, Hermaphrodite floret : valve

narrow or broad, 3-nerved, acute or obtuse, minutely 2- toothed,

usually awned from below the apex, often ‘ciliate ; ; pale almost

equalling the valve, 2-keeled ; lodicules 2, minute, delicate, glabrous ;

stamens 3; ovary glabrous, styles distinct, short ; stigmas * laterally

exserted. Male floret: valve and pale as in the hermaphrodite

ower, but smaller and glabrous. Rudimentary florets glabrous,

awned or awnless, small to very small, usually without a trace of

pale. Gruin oblong, triquetrous; embryo rather large ; hilum

Janene basal.

Perennial or annual ; leaves diet or folded ; spikes solitary or several to many in

terminal umbels or short race erect or stellately spreadin

Species 40-45, in the seat ‘ilk subtropical regions of both hemispheres.

Glumes narrow, ng acute or mucronate, keeled :

Valves lo ong awn

imentary Aoret sihaante —_ on a long ; :

rhachilla joint ... (1) pyenothrix.

Rudimenta: dk Ge neate on a rather short

rhachilla joint, more than $ the length of the

her: ite - BR try a

Dagheses second rudimentary floret) ... ... (2) virgata.

Awns as long as the valve ne "Tittle beneee ; sane nd

floret usually male ona short rhachilla joint ... (3) gayana.

Upper glume very broad, shortly bilobed, manoronate,

rounded or almost flat on the baal (4) petrea,

Chloris. ] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 641

1. C. pycnothrix (Trin. Gram. Unifl. 234); perennial or annual

(flowering the first year’), 1-1 ft. high; stems prostrate, emitting

tufts of barren shoots and culms from t e rooting nodes; culms

geniculately-ascending, 2-3-noded, more or less sulcate below,

glabrous, upper internodes exserted ; leaves conspicuously distichous ;

basal sheat hs much sao. hag keeled, short, uppermost Aa,

subtumid, all glabrous, smooth ; ligules ‘Tmembranous, up to + lin.

long, ciliolate ; blades linear, obtuse, 11-2 in. by 13-2 lin., rarely

longer, flat, glaucous, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous above, margins

tough ; spikes 3-9, sessile or some shortly peduncled, umbelled or

subumbelled, ah Bier at length usually spreading, ae or perpen

11-3 in, long ; rhachis seabrid ; on elets 2-aw 1 lin, long;

rhachilla joints between the valves 2 the length of ee lower valve,

fine, rhachilla not produced ; glumes very narrow, lanceolate,

ofile,

2-toothed, 12 lin. long, glabrous, keel and tip scaberulous ; callus

minutely bearded, awn very fine, 6-8 lin. long; pale glabrous, keels

scabrid ; anthers 1 lin yg grain linear-oblong, 2 lin. long; upper

valve rudimentary, empty 1 Tin long, awn 2-3 lin. long. ees,

Agrost. Brasil. 423 ; Kunth, "iii, i. 266 ; Anderss. in Peters, Reise

Mossamb. Bot. 556. C. bey yrichiana, Kunth, kév. Gram. 89 and 289,

6; Enum i. 265; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 205. C. ——

Hochst. ex A. Rich. ‘T ent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 407 ; Steud. Syn. PI.

1. 206; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. ‘App. ii i. 32 ; Pace vi

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 861. C. intermedia, A. Rich. lc. 407;

Steud. le. C. leptostachya, var. intermedia, Durand § Schinz, le,

C. radiata, Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 862, non Swarts.

Eastern ReGion: Natal; Umpumulo, 1800 ft., Techomans 185! Inanda,

Wood, 1590!

Also in tropical Africa, and Eastern Brazil and Paraguay.

2. C. vir gata (Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. i. 203); perennial or annual

ten: ie first year ?), 1-3 ft. high ; culms ereet or geniculately-

ascen nding or prostrate below, rooting and emitting fascicles of barren

shoots from the — 3—5-noded, more or less compressed below,

glabrous, smooth, rnodes exserted ; sheaths glabrous, rarely

sparingly sl metas the lower much compressed, keeled ; ligules

gradually ~ ring to an acute point, 1- 1} lin., flat or

olded, sometimes flaceid, glaucous, glabrous, sae piers reap

po th phe, seaberulous _above, ma rgins rou 4 er

join

glumes narrow, lanceolate, hyaline, mucronate, keels aha, ha

lower 1-12 Jin . long, the e upper almost 2 lin. ; lower valve obliquely

oblong, acute or chanaetle: @ -toothed, 1+ lin. long, aaa oF almost

VOL, vir.

642 GRAMINEEX (Stapf). [ Chloris:

black when mature, ciliate along the marginal nerves and bearded

below the tip, finely grooved on the faces, ‘keel glabrous or minutely

ciliate cauiled the middle ; awn 5-8 lin. long, straight ; pale giatieor ss :

anthers 4—1 lin. long ; orain linear-oblong, obtusely triquetrous, $ lin.

profile, 1 lin. or less long, awn from below the tip, 3-6 lin. long. Doell

in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. iti. 65. C. compressa, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp.

1813, 94; Nees in Linnea, vii. 300; Fl. Afr. Austr. 240; Steud.

Syn. "PL. Glum. i. 204; Anderss. in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 556.

C. hang Pane ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 205; Borss.

1. Or. C. multiradiata, Hochst. in Flora, 1855, 204;

Durand € Sein Consp. Fl, Afr. vi. 861. C. barbata, var. meccana,

Aschers. § Schweinf. Ill. Fl. Egypte, 170; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb.

Boiss. ii, App. ii. 32.

Var. 8, elegans (Stapf); spikes up to 3 in. long 5 oe riage sub-

parcial lower valve conspicuously gibbons, 13 lin. long, more deeply groove: ed

n the faces, keel glabrous or ciliate to, Pag _ arded at = middle, C. elegans,

H.B.K, Now. Gen . 166 unth, Enum. i. 264; Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 204. @. polyaacty/ta, pink ot Gram. ‘2, . 9 (non Swarts).

C. alba, Presl, Rel. Haenk. 289. A sila gige Oliv. in s. Linn. Soc. XxX.

174, non DC. OC. Tacit Anderss. in Peters, sa ae 556.

Souru Arrica: without precise siete Zeyher, 1822

Coast REGi as oS nhage Div.; Steenbok Flats, northern apa “ Winter-

hoeks Bergen, Ecklon; near Uitenhage, Zeyher ! MacOw Komgha

Div. ; banks of Kel River, Drége! Queenstown Div. ; Shiloh, eens oral! plains

of Queenstown, 3500 ft., Galpin, 2363!

oe ReGion: Aberdeen D Div.; Camdeboo ag bane 2500-3000 ft.,

Graaff Reinet Div.; by the Sunday River, north of M onkey Ford,

Burchell, 2862! Colesberg Div.; ; near Calesberas sage! 4! Richmond Div. ;

Winterveld, Ecklon Pebesien 843! Albert Div.; Coop

KaLaHani RgGIon : riqualand West, “Herbert gv ; St. Clair, Douglas,

Orpen, eae Albania, sade the Ora and Vaal River, 4500 ft-,

Bolus, 1968! Orange Free State; Olifants Foutein, Rehmann, 3538! near the

Ca iain River, Burke, 429! Thabunchu, Burke! Transvaal ; near Lydenburg,

screiromady d

N REGIon : berg otk between oa (Geua or Geuu) River, am

hiaiee River, a aga , Drage ! oe Berea, Wood, 5943! river gg

Tugela, 600-1000 f dg dary 186! Vau Reenens Pass, 5500 ft., Wood, 599

Var. 8: Natal; si Wood, 687!

Widely spread ising the tropics of both hemispheres.

‘Sp

’

3. C. gayana (Kunth, Rév. Gram. i. 89, ii. 293, t. 58); ear

or annual, 2-4 ft. high; culms ereet or geniculately-ascending, o f

prostrate at the base, simple or branched, often emitting fascicles 0:

ine poln $2

more than | ft. by 3-4 lin. when expanded, flat or folded, glabrous

or hirsute near the base, green, smooth below, rough above am oA

the margins; spikes 6-15, umbelled, sessile, suberect, “ y

—

Chloris.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf), 643

spreading, 21—4 in, long, greenish or brownish ; rhachis seabrid ;

spikelets 124 “lin. long, 3—4-flowered, shortly 2-awned, Evin, very

nas long or slightly longer than the iene straight ; ; callus minutely

bassin pale glabrous, keels scabrid ; anthers - lin. long; second

valve with a male flower, like the saietinn: but glabrous, 1 lin. long,

awn 1 lin, long or less; ia (and if ed “valve rudimentary,

cuneate in profile, empty, awnless. Kun Enum. i. 2

Suppl. 216 ; rk Fl. Afr. Aus oii 240; rari ” Syn. Pl. Glum.

207; Oliv. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxix. 174; Durand & Sching

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 861. C. abyssinica, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent.

Fl. Abyss. ii, 406; Steud. Le. ; ; Engl. eaganstaiee Trop. Afr. 132 ;

Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. App. ii. 82; Durand & Schinz,

t. ii. 557,

AST REGION : Komgha Diy.; banks of the Kei River, below 500 ft., Drége /

Dear Komgha, Flanagan, 904! Queenstown Div.; Gwatyn, 2900 fc., Galpin,

KAtanart ReGion: Transvaal ; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5717 :

EAsteRN Region: Transkei, between Kei River and _ shee River,

Drege, Natal; Umlazi River, Drege. Umaduana, Sutherland ! near Durban,

Wiliarteon, 43! Um mpumulo, Buchanan, 188 !

Also in tropical Africa.

4. C. petra (Thunb. Prodr. 20); perennial, densely tufted ;

culms erect, or suberect, 1-2 ft. long, 2-noded, compressed below,

ai smooth, internodes long-exserted ; leaves crowded at the

an-like manner ; sheaths strongly compressed, keeled,

blades linear, acute or subobtuse, 2-8 in y 3-3 lin. when expanded,

nig folded, glabrous, sates smooth ; spikes 3-8, sessile,

raight or gently curved ; pat

~“

Rwy

2°

ong as the MED valve or longer; lower glume oblong,

subobtuse, not quite % lin. long, compressed; upper glume broadly

oblong, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed, about 1 lin. long, rounded or

flat on the -back scaberulous, mucronate ; lower valve obliquely

644 GRAMINER (Stapf). | Chloris.

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 207 ( partly); Hack. in Engl. Jahrb, xi, 403 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 862 (partly), non Swarte.

Andropogon muticum, Houtt. Hand. xiii. 579, t. 98, fig. 3, non Linn.

A. capense, Houtt. Linn. Pf. Syst. xii. t. 93, ig. 3. yale

petrea, Spreng. Pug. ii.17 (partly). oe petraa, Nees

Linnea, vii. 299 ; Fl. Afr. Austr. 248; Roem. J Schult. Syst. ui.

613; Kunth, Enum. i. 262 (partly), non pee 8U.

Sour soe tae ed «on locality, Thunberg !

ae ReGion: Caledo ; Genadendal, 500-1000 ft., Drége. Riversdale

Div.; between "Zoste melks ive ‘and ua Vet River, Burchell, 6841! Uitenhage

Div. ; between Koega River and Sun Hob Drége. Klein ‘Winterhoek Berg,

Div. ; near Addo, Ecklon, between HE Goat Kloof and Drie Fontein,

2000 ft., Drége! Alba any aie ee MacOwan! Bothas Berg,

2000 1 ft., MacOwan, 493! Queenstown Div. ; n Kat Berg and Klipplaats

River, 3000- t., Drége / on mountains at pei Nek, near Queenstown,

3900 ft be gah 2369! !

CEN Recion: Graaff Reinet Div.; — hills near Graaff Reinet,

2700 ft, Bolus, 369 | Albert Div. ; Cooper, 664

Katanart REGION: Griqualand West Ha ay Div. ; Griqua Town, Burchell,

1951! plains at the foot of the Asbest 3 Mount: ains, Burchell, 2096! Orange

Free State, ~ealaamalgs 268 ! Bectanaiand Marloth.

STERN Rea Tembu Bazeia, 2000 ft., Bawr, 449! Natal; Umpu-

mulo, Tackonihs,: 189 ! Pieter ioe 1000-2000 ft., Wood, 7234!

Also in tropical Africa,

Very closely allied to the South American C. bahiensis, Steud., but less to

C. swartziana, Doell (C. petrea, Swartz), with which it has often been con-

fused,

LXI, ELEUSINE, Gaertn.

Spikelets 3-6-flowered, laterally os i nae ft imbricate,

alternately biseriate, unilateral, sessile on a ened rhachis, the

uppermost terminal, perfect; rhachilla decrees above the

: gh, produced, sometiin’

terminating with a rudimentary valve. orets $. Glumes *

subequal, Less obtuse or obscurely en membranous,

strongly , 3-5-nerved, the lateral nerves close to the keel, ve

lower Sea with the keel crested. Valves very anita, 3-nerve

near the base ; lateral nerves submarginal above, with 1-2 sh

additional nerves close to the keel. Pales slightly shorter than the

valves, 2-keeled, keels winged. Loodicules 2, minute, cuneate

Stamens 8. Ovary glabrous ; styles slender from a broadened bas¢,

distinct stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain broadly-oblong

to globose, broadly grooved; pericarp loose, delicate, breaking ‘a

irregularly or almost circumscissile; seed finely striate ; embry

suborbicular, basal ; hilum punetiform, basal.

Ann ennial; leaves long, flat or pr flaccid or firm; spikes ot

canted | ethos or the upper or all in a terminal umbel, straight, sober

spreading or deflexed; spikelets glabrous

Species 6 in tropical Africa and ee 1 widely spread through the trop!<*

Hleusine. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 645

niet Sarena straight ; rhachilla disarticulating at least

the gin mes ; valves lanceolate, oblong in profile,

=e at .. (1) indica.

‘ne thick, rved ; rhachill tough 5 valves

atiliguely rip in 1 Oat, obtu ... (2) coracana,

1. E. indica (Gaertn. Fruct. i, sigh Me nual; culms ereet or

ceniculate-erect, from a few inches to dit. “long, slender or aes

fimbriate ; blades linear, long bape: an acute point, } to more

than 1 ft. by 12-3 lin,, flat or folde d, sometimes flaccid, glabrous,

nine sparingly hairy below, enooth spikes rather slender, es

ong, sessile, 2-14 i a terminal umbel, usually w h 1-2

(rarely to 7) ) additional aie “3 i in. below it ; eae bel sane

to villous at the base, otherwise glabrous, smooth; spikelets

2~2 lin. long, 3-6-flowered, disarticulating a Hs the glumes and

very tardily or tough between the valves; glumes and valves ovate

(lanceolate- -oblong in profile), acute, the latter about 2 lin. long ;

ers } lin. long; grain oblong; seed heart-shaped in cross section,

clit tone dusk reddish-brown, obliquely striate; embryo small.

Iil. i, 203, t. 48, fig. 3; Kunth, Enum.i. 272 ; Suppl. 224, t. 16,

9. 43 Trin, Spee. Beene Ic & Tis Nees, Bt ” Afr. Austr. 251;

Steud, Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 211; Anderss. in sess” Reise Mossamb. Bot,

oS Schweinf. in Bull. Her Boiss. ii, App. ii es

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 866. Sadaaaibe: indicus, eis Sp. Pl.

Coast Rea 10N: Cape Div. ; common near Boe vee by the pees

MacOwan, Herb. Aust..Afr., 1366! s andy roadside between Lansdown Roa

Kenilworth, hi rsagt Dod, 2448! in g Dire near Claremont Station, Wolley py

2383! Alban $ Graha nstown, MacOwan, 1357! Komgha Div, , bake of

the Kei River, Dre 4 295

Katanarr Ree Transvaal Johannesburg, E.S.C.4. Herb., 307!

EasteRN REG Tembuland; Bazeia, a weed in yo Baur, 408!

Natal nding Flats, Buchanan, 14! 88 Poles, Wood, 5996! from the coast

sd gardens, Bucha rset ay without precise

Ump 0, in neglected

locality, Gora 694! Cooper, 3361! Delagoa Dees For

Tropics of the Old World; introduced (?) in the New World.

2. E. coracana (Gaertn. Fruct. i. 8, t. i. fig. 11); very like

E. indica, but more robust, up to 5 ft. high ; spikelets more crowded,

to as thick as a finger, often curved ; rhachilla tough ; glumes and

E. spherosperma, Stokes, Bot, Mat, Med, i. 149. \ E. stricta, Rozh.

646 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Bleusine.

Fl. Ind. i. 344; Kunth, lc. 273; Steud. 211. #. Tocussa,

Fresen. in Mus. Senckenb. ii. (1837) 141; A. "ich. Tent. Fl. Abyss.

ii. 411; Steud. l.c.; Dur and § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 866.

HasTERN ReGion: Nata a coffee plantation, near Durban, Drége, 4294!

Wiltiamson, 42! Tugela, Buchanan, 182 ! and oe precise locality, Gerrard,

469! Zululand Wand 3869 ! Delagoa Bay, Forbes

Cultivated by the natives as a cereal and for natin beer.

rown in many parts of tropical Africa, tropical Arabia, and apnea

India; originated very probably from E. indica. The figure in Gaertn

represe ig bee eh as smooth (not striate) ; there i ‘ie little doubt that it refers to

a vari ich is grown in India and in Southern Arabia, ree ait: by

ck, *itish ‘nelle. This T have not seen from part of Afric

LX. DACTYLOCTENIUM, Willd.

Spikelets 3-5-flowered, laterally pelaae ne densely imbricate,

biseriate, s sonatte, unila eral on a flattened rhachis, the uppermost

redueed ; rhachilla tardily darieclnne above the glumes, tough

between. the valves. orets &, the uppermost rudimentary.

Glumes 2, unequal, strongly keeled, the lower ovate, acute, thin,

persistent, the upper elliptic- ablong in profile, obtuse, mucronate

; sig deciduous. Valves ovate, subacuminate, 3-nerved,

wned, d grai

long as the java 2-keeled, subpersistent. Lodicules 2, cuneate,

minute. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, very long,

subterminally exserted. Grain subglobose, slightly laterally com-

pressed, not grooved or hollowed, rugose or punctate; pericarp

delicate, irregularly breaking away ; as — equalling

1 the — th of the grain ; hilum basal, punctiform

or per ian leaves flat, subflaccid; spikes in umbels of 2-6,

eect oF culictey spreading ; tips of the rhachis barren, mucroniform, usually

curv'

Species 3; 1 widely spread throughout the tropics.

1. D. egyptiacum (Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1029);

annual, 1-14 ft. high; stems sometimes prostrate, rooting from the

proliferously branched nodes; culms geniculately ascending, ¢o™-

pressed, 2—3-noded, glabrous, smooth, internodes exserted ; sheaths

striate, "the lower whitish, keeled above, glabrous, or scantily hispid;

ligules membranous, very short, scantily ciliolate; blades linear,

tapering toa fine point, 1-5 in. by 1-2 lin., flat, subflaecid, glaucous,

glabrous or hispid or hispidly ciliate, hares tubercle-based ;

2-6, rarely solitary, 3-2 in. long, light or dark olive-grey ; . rhachis

keeled, seabrid ; spikel ets 3—-5-flowered, ‘spreading at right angles

up t 01k lin, rong, glabrous ; lower glume about % lin. long, the upP®

Geicatatety te eronate or awned ; awn curved, ‘someti mes exceeding

M glume ; zie 11-11 lin. long, mucronate or pleat anthe

about 1—% lin. lon ain 1-8 Jin, long, very rugos'

Beauv. "Agrost. ‘ a ae 3 2; “Kun th, sa i. 2615 Suppl ni

A. Rich. Tent. Fl. rr a ii. 406 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. G

eT ee ee

Dactyloctenium.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 647

Baker, Fl. Maurit. 452; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. App.

ii. 34; Durand & Badas Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 868. D. mucronatum,

Willd., lie. ; Trin. Sp. i gas re ee 69 ; Nees, fl. Afr. Austr. 150 ;

Le. ; Durand §& Schinz, lc. 869. Cynosurus egyptius, Linn. Sp.

Pl. 72. Cenchrus egyptiacus, Beauv. Agrost. 157. Rabdochloa

mucr ee: Beauv. l.c. 176. Eleusine egyptiaca, Desf. FI. Atl.i. 85 ;

ring f. Fl. Ind. vii. 295, F.. cruciata, Lam. a i. 203, ¢. 48,

Re mucronata, Stokes, Mat. Med. 150. £. spestinata,

Mocnth, Meth. peck 68. E. prostrata, Sores Syst. i.

: Bathurst Div. ; Port reipeiias Hutton! La Div.; near

the vedi of she Kei River, S wiokals an, 969

ARI RE : Trans vaal ; Bosch Vea at Klippan, erage 5357 !

Bast. ERR wade: popererieind ie on the shore, between ben aba River and

Umtentu River, Drége, 4310! Natal; near Durb an, William 38 pore 85 !

Durban Flats, Buchanan, 36! Berea, Wood, 5929! De elagoa Bay, Fi

Widely spread throughout the tropical aud subtropical regions.

LXIII. LOPHACME, Stapf.

Spikelets laterally compressed, noe somewhat soapee on the

long slender simple subdigitate branches of a paniele ; se illa

slender, glabrous, disarti culating above the eae and ae 1 the

2 lowest valves, tough above. Florets about 6, the ee 2 é,

shorter than the contiguous glumes, the following gradually reduced,

barren, embracing each other and forming a tuft 0

unequal, narrow, membranous, 1-nerved, "keeled persistent. Fertile

valves linear- lanceolate in profile, 2- toothed, membranous, 3-nerved,

with the side-nerves evanescent above, finely a awned from between

the Penge igre ely hairy ; barren valves entire, glabrous,

passing e awns, without a callus. Pales very narrow,

2-keeled, ‘lightly shonien “han the valves. Lodicules 2 2, very minute,

cuneate, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles distinet,

Short ; stigmas loosely laine laterally exsert Grain unknown.

Perennial (?) ; pace flat ; ligule a — rim ; odie subdigitate, of very

Slender somewhat flex us spike- -like raceme

Species 1, in eset aal

in, by 14 lin,, flat, subglaucous, smooth, uppermost

i short or ela ; panicle 33-5 in. long; axis filiform, less than

l long, scaberulous, purplish; branches 3-4} in. long, finely

a Ae etii scaberalous, purplish, bearing subsessile spike-

lets from the base or little distance above it; spikelets narrow,

reddish, 21-3 lin, long (exclusive of the awns), oat distant, upper

648 GRAMINE# (Stapf), [ Lophacme.

rather close ; glumes linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, lower some-

what shorter; fertile valves white above, purple below, finely

pubescent, 1-2 lin. long, teeth slender; awn seabrid below, very

fine, 3-4 lin. long, erect ; cluster of barren valves distinetly over-

topped by the fertile (except for the — pales 12 lin. long;

anthers unknown ; stigmas orange-colour

KALAHARI ina : Transvaal; Rhenoster aa Nelson, 32*!

LXIV. LEPTOCARYDION, Hochst. ex Benth.

Spikelets 4—9-flowered, pari’ compressed, sessile or subsessile,

secund, biseriate, close, on a very slender rhachis ; rhachilla disarticu-

lating above the alumes aa between the valves. Florets 3, the

uppermost reduced. Glumes subequal, lanceolate, acuminate, l-ner ved,

keeled. Valves oblong, truncate, minutely 4-toothed (teeth hyaline),

thin, 3-nerved, margins inflexed, nerves ciliate, the middle nerve ex-

current into a fine bristle, the side-nerves pol excurrent ; callus

slender, aeute, bearded. Pales linear-oblong, slightly shorter than the

le d

valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, delicate. Stamens 3; anthers

sstree “ea ary glabrous; styles distinct, slender ; stigmas "laterally

exserted, very slender, plumose. Grain linear, obtusely triquetrous,

tightly embraced by the scarcely changed valve and pale, free ;

embryo less than + the length of the grain; hilum basal, puncti-

form.

Annual, culms tufted, many-noded; blades linear to oblong-lanceolate ; ligule

scien ne Bea short or obscure panicle spike-like, dense ; branches erect, simple,

dpressed bran

Species 3, in pron

Allied to Triraphis, but differing in the non-excurrent side-nerves and the

sessile unilateral aaa

rounded co constricted base, eade, 1-3 in. by 3-6 lin., flat or

involute, smooth or finely scaberulous below, _ pager —

pn ng, branched from the villous base; branchlets

5—l-spiculate, up to 3 lin. long; spikelets crowded, adpresse

owered, up to 3 lin. long; rhachilla very slender ; glumes

about 12 lin. long, the upper linear-oblong, about 1% lin. long;

valves 14 lin. long, pubescent below the middle, long

ciliate along the side-nerves ; anthers + lin. long, ovate ; “grain linear,

obtusely triquetrous, less than 3 ln. by less than } lin. Rabdochl¢

Vulpiastrum, De Not. Cat. Sem. Hort. Genuens. 1852, and in Ann.

Leptocarydion. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 649

Se. Nat. sér. 3, xix. (1853), 372. Leptochloa plumosa, Anderss. in

Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot.557. Triodia Vulpiastrum, K. Schum. in

Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. O. 113. Triodia plumosa, Benth. in Jou

Linn. Soe. xix. 110, and in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. iii. 1176

(partly) ; Durand é Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 877 (partly).

<Eving Re : es banks of the Tugela River and its tributaries,

Se erally 187!

Also in carat Hast Africa as far north as Usambara,

Closely allied to Z. alopecurotdes (Diplachne ape ac Hochst, ex Steud. )

from Abyssinia; but this is a smaller plant with very slender culms and smaller

leaves, having only 2-3 primary nerves on each side,

LXV. CROSSOTROPIS, Stapf.

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile, more or less distinctly

2-ranked on the rigid simple branches of a panicle; rhachilla

slender, disartieulating above the glumes and between the valves.

Florets 3-9, 3 or the uppermost more or less redueed, equalling the

the glumes. Glumes subequal or equal, narrow, membranous,

strongly l-nerved, keeled, persisten Valves somewhat distant,

linear-oblong in profile, shortly 2-lobed, mueronate or shortly awned

from the sinus, ees ORTEDCSS 3-nerved, side-nerves submarginal,

subpercurrent, rigidly ciliate, margins inflexed; callus small, hairy.

ales narrow, 2-keeled, slightly shorter than the valves. Lodicules 2,

cuneate, small, Stamens vary glabrous; styles distinct, very

slender ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain oblong, strongly

Compressed fro , concave or flat, enclosed by the slightly

altered valve and pale ; embryo about } the length of the grain;

hilum basal, punetiform

Annual or ae 6h tiated gen flat; ligules gegen panicle contracted

and narrow, open with the branches spreadi ng a t right angles; spikelets

rather close. a: veer dntent, the cope terminal.

Species 3, in Africa and Arabia.

1. C. grandiglumis (Rendle in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. ii. i. 226) ;

perennial ; culms tufted, erect or geniculate, 1-1} ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, terete or slightly ce ny 2—3-noded, upper “internodes

finally exse ted ; leaves crowded near the base ; sheaths glabrous or

very rarely with seep fine long sprea i: hairs, rather firm,

distant lengt th,

adpressed, shortly peeled, 31-5 lin. long; rhaehilla minutely

650 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Crossotropis. |

pilose ; glumes lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, scaberulous, 33—5 lin.

g; valves oblong, shortly bilobed, mucronate, up to 2 lin. long,

side-nerves rigidly ciliate; pales truncate, finely pubescent on the

; ee narrowly-

oblong, flat, over 1 lin. Stapf in Hook. nl Pl, t. 2609. Lep-

tochloa grandiglumis, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 252 a Syn. Li.

Glum. i. 210. Diplachne grandiglumis, Hack. ‘in Engl. Jahrb.

xi. 404 ; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 878.

CentTraL REeIon: Albert Div. (New Hant ee 3 in stony places, 4500-5000 ft

Drege. Aliwal North Div.; between the Witte Bergen and Krai River,

LAHARI REGIoNn Stig beste West, Hay Div.; between Klip Fontein and

Kneghts Seep scy Burchell, 2167! Orange Free State; Caledon River, Burke,

228! by the C aledon River, at Komissie Drift, Zeyher, 1844! near Winberg,

ee 246! Bechuanaland; near Groot Kuil, Marloth, 989! Transvaal;

— near Dice MacLea, 125! Buys Kop, near the Nylstrom, Nelson,

“Basra Reeion: Natal; sandy valley, near Tugela, 1000 ft., Buchanan,

279!

LXVI. TRIRAPHIS, R. Br. (partly).

Spikelets 5-15-flowered, laterally compressed, pedicelled, panicled;

thachilla disarticulating above the glumes and bet val

Florets §, the uppermost gradually reduced, Glumes choad

lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate or truncate, or minutely

2-toothed and aristulate, l-nerved, keeled, thin. Valves oblong,

somewhat shorter than the valves. Lodicules 2, cuneate, delicate,

minute. Stamens 3 ry glabrous; styles distinet, slender;

stigmas laterally exserted, very slender, plumose. ais tightly

embraced by the SearOehy changed valve and . line anger or

Annual or perennial; blades narrow, ae ligule a ciliate membranou ;

panicle contracted, spike-like, or open, much branched; spikelets pi

pedicelled.

Species 8 in Africa, 1 (T. mollis, R. Br.) in Australia.

Perennial : :

oo many-noded, gt ors branched . (1) ramosissima.

Culm about 3-noded, simple ac ... (2) Rehmanni.

Annual

Valves about 14 lin. long; anthers $-1 lin.

ong +

Culms 5-7-noded, glabrous; middle awn

i twice as long as the valve or almost ss

(3) Elliotii.

Culins 1-2-noded, glabrons or Fay ; ’ middle

awn about as long as the v;

bg Fe? a SBS ae OES eee 20 et eee ees oe ee

_ Triraphis. ] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 651

Culms with scattered long spreading

hairs ; Be nicle rather lax, often

flexuous; glumes smooth (4) Fleckii.

Culms ‘ee scheme ‘or some-

pears scantily hairy; panicle dense, ‘

raight; glumes scaberulous ... (5) purpurea.

Valves $ lin, ia apthers 3-4, lin. long; a

dwarf grass eee se ... (6) nana,

1. T. ramosissima (Hack. in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb,

- xxx. (1888) 237); perennial, coeds ; culms wiry, pa many-

noded, profusely branched, part icularly from the le nodes,

__ terete, smooth, branches solitary or in fascicles of 2-3, with the lower

= nodes’ very short and sheathed by subpersistent bud- bearing scales,

internodes exserted ; sheaths tight, terete, at length open and breaking

_ away at the base or ‘withering ; ades very nar om linear, setaceously

_ convolute, tapering to a ve ery fine point, 2-4 in. by 2 lin., sea-

_ berulous above, smooth below ; panicle (isastoblony 2-22 in. long,

_ Subcontracted ; branches subeapillary, flexuous, 3-5-nati te, 5-1-spiculate,

up to > in long ; lateral pedieels up ; spikelets 5-7-

red, 31-4 lin. long, light purplish; rhachilla glabrous ; glum

lanceolate hyaline, mucronate, the low i he upper

up to 1} lin. long, with bifid tips; valves up to 1} lin. long ; middle

awn up to 22 lin, long, side-awns ey as bine or longer; ‘keels of

the pale seaberulous anthers 1 Jin, long. Hack. in Bull. Herb.

eh iv. App. 23, 24; aera & “Schine, Cae Fil. Afe.

72.

oe Region: Great Namaqualand; between Ausis aud Kuias, Schenck,

2. T. Rehmanni (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 388) ; persone

riety cxspitose, a rhizome short, oblique ; culms erect

setaceous point, eal tightly pt 4-8 in, y ie y_ lin.

firm, smooth, co re striate; panicle 2-12 in.

long, contracted or open, and then 2-4 in. broad, erect or slightly

or flexuous; pedicels 2-12 lin. long; spikelets subseeund, crowded,

4-8-flowered, 3-5 lin. long; rhachilla glabrous ; glumes a

erose, minutely mucronate, the lower 1-2 lin., the upper 2 lin.

w ne lat

oblong (when expanded), not quite 2 lin. long; awns stiff, middle

awn 23-12 lin. long, side-awns up to 1 lin. long, or mere SACEIOS 5

pale glabrous or the flaps hairy, keels sos beralous : anthers 2 lin.

long ;_ grain ae terete, Z lin. by 2 lin Dipla chne andropo-

gonoides, Nees, Fi. Afr. Austr. 258. Aiea ‘andropogonoides, Steud.

652 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Triraphis.

in Flora, 1829, 486; Kunth, oe i. 307. Trisetum andropogo-

notdes, Steud. ‘Syn. Pl. Glum. . 228; Durand & Schinz, Consp.

Fl. Afr. v. 837.

“ge AFRICA: without precise ee ko laa 1829!

tT Rea@ton: Uitenhage Div. ; es in the eign of the Zwart-

kops River Ecklon § Zeyher, 947! Rome l Lite and Melk River, Burchell,

4786! Alexandria Div. ; in shru eries, in Olivenhout Kloof near Enon,

500-1 !

KataHAri Reaion: Bechuanaland ; between Kuruman and Matlareen —

Winbor” ge Orange Free State ; Draai Fontein, Rehmann, 3622! nea

in hanan, 245 ! mage Kimberley and Bloemfontein, Buchenah

278 bis? Ce kia River, Burke, 426! Transvaal; Zoutpansberg D.strict, at

eo Poort, Nelson, 35*

Bur A ragga has rather larger spikelets on short stiff branches ; otherwise

it is Hi pA spr

3. T. Elliotii (Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1891, 73); annual (?) ;

oe fascicled, erect, 8-11 ft. long, simple, smooth, glabrous,

ae noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths aig smooth, glabrous ;

1-2 in. by 3—+ lin., purplish; lowest branches up to % in. long ;

lateral pedicels. very short; spikelets 4, hier 5 lin. long ; florets up

to 11; rhachilla glabrous, joints up to + lin. long; glumes lanceolate

in profile, lower acute, submucronate, 1 lin, long, upper emarginate

with a short bristle from the sinus, up to 14 lin. long; valves

oblong, over 14 lin. long, purple, hyaline Sig minute Nae distinct)

at se of the middle awn ; mid awn 2-21 lin g

side-awns 1-13 lin. long; pales 12 lin. ee, keels ‘scaberulous ;

pp. iil.

anthers 1 lin. long. Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. A

24.

Wanna Rea@ion: Little Namaqualand, Ookiep, Scully /

Also in Damaraland.

4. T. Fleckii (Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 23, 24) ;

annual; culms fascicled, vd ft. high, geniculate, sometimes from a

decumbent base, or sube rect, terete, striate, with scattered long

—_— hairs, about 2-noded, upper internodes at length more or

less exserted ; sheaths rather tight, terete, striate, with long

igneiig tuberele-based hairs ; ligule a ciliate rim; blades linear,

tapering to a fine setaceous point, 2-5 in. by 3-1 lin., flat, sub-

flaccid, sparsely hairy ow, otherwise glabrous, seaberulos ;

panicle linear-oblong, contracted or more or less 0 ax aD

subsecund, 4-6 in. long; rhachis scabrid ; bein ’ distinetly

2-nate or solitary, erect or spreading, filiform, straight or flexuous,

scabrid, sparingly divided or ee bearing spikelets from the base

or the upper from somewhat above it or towards the tips only ;

lateral pedicels }—1 lin. long ; spikelets linear-oblong, more or less

purple, 4-7 lin. long; florets 9-16; rhachilla glabrous; glumes

—_

Triraphis. } GRAMINEZE (Stapf). 653

linear-oblong, mucronate from the more or less 2-toothed tips,

I-nerved, glabrous, smooth, lower slightly over 1 lin., u per 12 lin.

long; valves linear-oblong, 1} lin. long, middle lobe split to

3a Way down, side-nerves ciliate all along; middle awn about as

long as the valve, side-awns half as long; pales slightly shorter

than the valves, keels scabrid ; anthers almost 1 lin. lo

Westexn Recron: Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth, Fleck /

Tesi reg Region: Griqualand West, Herbert Div. ; St. Clair, Douglas,

Also in Angola.

5. T. purpurea (Hack. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Bradenb. xxx.

(1888) 146); annual; culms faseicled, geniculately-ascending,

3-6 in, long, terete or compressed, glabrous or sparse airy,

bercle .

mbranous ciliolate rim; blades linear, tapering to a very fine

point, 1;-2 in. by 3-3 lin., glabrous or sparsely hairy below,

scabrous ; panicle linear to ovate-oblong, 11-21 in. long, dense,

sometimes spike-like ; rhachis straight, angular, scabrid; branches in

alternately approximate and distant pairs or the upper solitary,

2-{ In. long, erect or obliquely erect, filiform, scabrid, bearing

silky-bearded ; pales almost equalling the valve, keels scabrid ;

anthers § lin. long. rand §& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 872;

Hack, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 23, 2

: Great Namaqualand; Gubub, to the south of Aus

WeEsTERN GION:

hen / sandy plains near Gobachab, between Aus aud the Orange River, Schenck,

z lin.

ong ; valves oblong, 3 lin. long; middle awn as long as the valve,

654 GRAMINEM (Stapf). [ Triraphis.

side-awns somewhat longer than the middle lobe; pale glabrous,

keels seabrid ; anthers 4 lin. long ; grain linear, terete, * lin, b

Nee Afr. Austr. 259 (also Boiss. Fl. Or. v. 562; Ascherson §

aw Lil. FI. Boupte 1714).

Western Recion: Little Namaqualand; bank of the Orange River near

bane fe on tte 593 !

Kat GIon.: Bechuanaland, Marloth, 1513.

I am not quite poole whether “ Nubian eet referred by Boissicr to

Diplachne nana, hes spas: this - cimen of it, which I have

seen (collected by Th. Ben e Nu bia an coast i "Or" N, Lat.), - br much

arger panicles, und also he radividual spikelets ise florets are longe

LXVII. ENN EAPOGON, Desv.

ee 3-flowered, paniculate ; rhachilla disarticulating above

glumes, minutely scaberulous or almost smooth. Lowest jloreé

, the intermediate male or barren, the uppermost rudimentary,

minute, Glumes 2, flan membranous, acute or obtuse oF

ciliate or scaberulous; callus minute, short ; pale oblon

exceeding the valve ; lodicules 2, minute, cuneate, fleshy ; stamens 3 ;

ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, short ; st se adi —

more or less compressed ; hilum Ss ie subbasal ; embryo

large, occupying % or more of the fron

Perennial, rarely sg he blades oo narrow, often convolute ; ligules

reduced to a line of hairs ; pani 7 — more or less spike-like, elegantly

bristly-plumose from rig numerou

Species about 6 in the wie and warm regions of the Old World and in Austr alia,

lin Western North Amer

Awns Peyparning Sines or cilia

s softly glan ndaar-pubascent nodes

ght mee ; culms not w

Culms 2-6 in. lon de: gnu hl lala

ore or $s compact tufts ; indies

fine, usually setaceonsly convolute ;

side-nerves of the glumes ier.

ve. (1) brachystachyus.

Culms 1-3 ft. long, fascicled ; " plades

1-3 lin. broad, flat or convolute ; the

Bt sericea of the beta glume per-

t or shortly excurre: ... (2) mollis. —

Anak. peered culms sets wiry, 1-2 fb; .« (3) scoparids.

Awns scaberulous along the margin » (4) scaber.

1. E. brachystachyus (Stapf); sia: often compactly

cespitose, all parts finely icant AIM seen rarely subglabrous ;

Enneapogon. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 655

culms fascieled, geniculately ascending, 2-6 in. long, slender, often

with a bulbous thi ckening at the base, 9-4-noded, simple or sparingly

striate, nodes a uae to picti blades very narrow, linear, finely

light to dark ie ; oe as lin. long ; saci mie ‘oblong,

7-) nerved. side-nerves evanescent above e5 lower va alte. 8 Jin. long,

shortly villous ; awns about 1-12 lin. long, shortly pluinose to or

eyond the aa pale 1 ‘lin n. long, keels scabrid; anthers

ellipeoid- -oblong, +—1 lin, long ; grain almost } lin. long. Pappo-

phorum ditersseag ht ae in Spreng. Neue Entdeck. ii. 73; Gram.

Gen. , and in Mém. Acad, Pétersb. sér. 6, i. (1831) 91; Kunth,

Enum, A, a mr pee nor Steud. F af Bae) igh mts ‘Jaub. :

. O :

De Not. in Mem. Ace. ae ser. 2, xil. (i859) 254, fa ilbetit,

Fig. § De Not. l.c. P. vincen Fae Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap.

Verd. Ins. 144; Durand i Shins, Le. 871. P. nanum, Steud. Le.

as senegalense, Steud. l.c. 199; Durand & Schinz, Le. 8 i,

Var. 8, macranthera ( om ; spikelets 2-24 lin. long; glumes less obtuse,

or subacute ; anthers linear, 2 lin

Sovutu Liki: without precise locality, Zeyher, 1795!

Katanari amine Orange Free State; between Kimberley and Bloem-

fontein, Bucha n, 290! Var. 8: Griqualand West; Dutoits A, Tuck ? plains

at the foot ae the ueainisig Mountains, Burchell, 2 2078!

The typical for Cape Verdes and in Senegambia, and from North

Africa North. West % ndia; a variety with slightly larger anthers in Central

Asia a (Pappophorum boreale, Ges seb.).

2. E. mollis (Lehm. Pugill. iii. 40); perennial (sometimes

flowering in the first year ), more or less glandular-pubescent or

Villous all over; culms fascicled, erect or Saracen & —

1-3 ‘fe long, pubescent to fine ely v villous, 2-5-noded, simple

sparingly branched below, internodes more or less exserted ; heath

tather tight, finely striate, nodes villous ; blades linear to lanceolate-

linear, ong tapering to a 8 in. by 1-3 lin., flat or

convolute, rigid or subflaccid, scaberulous above and along the

Margins ; ce spike-like, often interrupted ts lobed beiow,

i ; lowest cbaggere sometimes up to 1 in. long ; ged tt

crowded, 1b 191 lin. long; glumes unequal, seantily and fine y

thin, grey ish, tips ually ‘dark, the lower ovate, subacute or minutely

truncate, rar pee agin rved, ‘the u u “ somewhat longer, oblong,

une sig he

2 aida cori 1-12 lin. nee ng, ae ciliolate; anthers

ong ; grain not quite 2 lin. by } lin. Nees in Linnea,

656 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Lnneapogon.

304; Fl. Afr. Austr. 233. Pappophorum cenchroides, Licht. ex

Roem. § Schult. Syst. u. 616; Trin. Gram. Gen. 92, and in Mem.

Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, i. (1830) 92; Kunth, rica a 254; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 199 ; Durand & Sching, heise l. Afr. v. 870

P. molle, Kunth, oe ‘O55 ; Steud. l.c.; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb.

Boiss. ii, App. 36; Durand § ere Le. P. abyssinicum,

Hochst. in fora, 1855, 202 ; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

869. P. robustum, Hook. f. Fi. Brit. Ind. vii. 302.

CrentRAL Ree@ion: Beaufort West Div., Ecklon

: Great Namaqual d ; Arasab pene, between Aus and

: vi uglas

Orpen, 253! right cee of the Vaal River, at Blaau wbosch D Drift, Burchell,

1743! between the | River and Leenwenk, Lichtenstein. Bechuanaland ;

on rocks at Chue Vly, ‘Burchett, 23

Also in Eastern tropical Africa, in ae Arabia and the Punjab.

The specimens distributed by Drége and by ——. iene ben E. mollis bin

E. agp Where the original specimens of Lehmann’s E. mollis are, I do

kno t from his description, it is almost certain ‘hat ‘ti meant the plant

describ ee as Ate ollis, Li a a spec of P. cenchroides are

also unknown to oa their identity with E. m ollis is assumed from the very

short Smiciet pg the locality, eich, poretnt with that of Burchell’s 1743.

Nees records E. mollis also from the Sunday River in Jansenville Div., and the

Springbok Flats in Uitenhage Div

3. E. scoparius (Stapf) ; er culms fascicled on a ve

short rhizome, erect from a subbulbous base or slightly geniculate,

wiry, very slender, 1-2 ft. long, more or less branched, glabrous oF

finely pubescent below the no few- to 6-noded, internodes

usually exserted ; sheaths very tight, glabrous or finely pubescent,

at least at the nodes, the bases of. the lowermost persistent ; blades

very reine linear, finely attenuated, usually setaceously convolute,

2-5 in. long, rigid, Les rarely pubescent, smooth ; panic

CENTRAL ‘ies Graaff Reinet hg te ; stony hills nea Graaf :

2600 ft., Bolus, 691 ! “Coles esberg Div. ; ; Colesberg, Shaw! Phillipstown Div.;

a the Orange River near Vissers Drift, Burchell, 2674! Albert Div., Coope?»

ae art ReGion: Orange Free State, Buchanan, 248! 271! Transvaels

Bosch Veld, Klippan, Rehmann, 5361 !

Also in the tropical part of Transvaal, and in Abyssinia (Schimper, 2235).

4. E. scaber (Lehm. Pug. iii. 41); perennial, glandular-pubescent

all over and often seabrid besides ; culms tufted, ereet or peniculaiely

ascending, often zigzag, 3-1 ft. long, rather slender, branched below

Se AO bonnet eoee eee

Enneapogon.| GRAMINER® (Stapf). 657

3-5-noded, internodes usually enclosed except the uppermost;

sheaths rather loose, the lower whitish, sae seabrid, nodes villous ;

blades linear, tapering to a fine point, 2-41 in. by 12 lin.,. flat or

more often convolute, rather rigid, seabiid on both sides; panicle

spike-like, ee sometimes ‘interrupted, or oblong to ovate and

rather lax, 1)-3 in. by 1-3 in., light to dark grey ; lowest oe tle

up to Lin, 7a bikindhied from the base or simple in the lowest + in,

ovate, subacute or min y truncate, scantily hairy, 7—9-nerved,

herves prominent, 2 of the side ones som S percurrent in the

Upper ine ony lower valve 3-1 lin. long, densely villous; awns

+ lin News j in Dinteoits vii. 364 FL Afr, Austr, 234. Pappopiorun

ole Kunth, Enum. i 955 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 192 ;

urand § Mere Consp. Fil. Afr. v. 870; Hack. in Bull. Herb.

Boiss. iy. Ap p. iii, 22.

Coast Rueion : Kuysna Div.; Plettenberg aE Mund. Queenstown Div. ;

between Kat Berg and Klipph iat River, 3000-400 , Drege.

| CENTRAL rien Calvinia Div. ; between Loenees Plaats and Springbok

\uil River, 2000-3000 ft. , Zeyher, 1820! Beaufort West Div.; on stony heights

and by the a hiver rat Zarate, shoe ie Drage! Graalf Reinet

i Graaff Reinet, 2700 ft., Bolus, 556 ! Sutherland Div. ;

n k River Hoogte, Pras oto = ! 1271! Fraserburg

3 Dwaal River, Burchell, 1471! narvon Div. he northern exit of

Kan ree Bergen Poort, near Caruar von, poe ell, 1557 ! i Richmond Di v.; Zeekoe

1 dae, D

Pid :

if]

is re ége.

4 N Recron : Great Namaqualand ; Kukans, near Aus, Schenck, 117!

Pg Schins, 634! ae er 40. Little Namaqualand ; Silver Fontein, near

Ookie , a to

PR Ka Gr alana West, Hay Div. ; on the Asbestos Mountains,

burchell, 2052 | chs t Div.; St. Clair, Orpen

Also in tropical South-west reas Morocco, and 4 kieiete.

LXVIIl. SCHMIDTIA, Steud.

Spikelets yore ts 6-flowered ; rhaehilla disarticulating above the

glumes and between the valves, joints extremely short, glabrous.

f lirale ‘heesiva Biases except ‘the rudimentary uppermost one.

alves broad, rounded on the back, rather firm and villous below,

9-nerved, the nerves excurrent into straight subulate scabrid

“Wns, the 4 alternate ones into very thin lanceolate muticous lobes;

callus slender, minute, bearded. blong, 2-keeled, rather

longer than the body of valves. Lodicules 2, minute, cuneate,

ésh ry glabrous; styles distinct, slender ;

stigmas laterally exserted ; abe plumose. Grazn oblong, dorsally

S opre eae ctiform, —_— embryo large, occupying

+ Or more of the back of the

Perennial or annual (?), more or less glandular-pubescent ; blades rather

VOL, VII, .

658 GRAMINE® (Stapf). | Schmidtia,

rigid, flat or convolute ; ligulea line of hairs ; panicle contracted, narrow, oblong

or spike-like ; spikelets turgid, many -bristled.

Species 3~4, closely allied, in tropical and South Africa.

1. S. bulbosa ge he 3 perennial, with numerous villous conical

ecebiatae buds at the base, leg hence more or less s As Ibous

nodes set suahoded or subexserted ; leaves villous or pubescent or

glabrescent ; sheaths striate, the upper tight ; blades linear, long and

finely attenuated, 25—4 in. by 2-5 lin., usually convolute at “least

above the middle, firm, rather rigid; panicle linear to oblong,

2-4 in, by 6-12 lin., somewhat loosely contracted ; branches up to

1 in. long, 3—7-spiculate ; oe 4-5 lin. aes olumes Bare,

nerves prominent, the lower 3-4 lin. long, ovate, the upper 4-5 lin

oblong ; body of valves 1: ~2 lin. long, fice iinet rota about

+ lin. long ; awns 3-4 in. ong; flaps of pales long silky ; anthers

1—1+ lin. long; grain Z ae long. S. guingueseta, Fiealho and Hiern,

in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 31 (partly) ; Durand & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 871 (partly).

Katanari ReGion: Griqualand West; Hiinernest Kloof, Rehmann, 3401!

St. Cle, bea 0 Orpen, 196! Orange Free State, Prashant; 52! Bechuana-

land ; i Desert, near “ Giraffe Station,” Burchell, 2361! Transvaal ;

the Ub oo Mele, 1386! Bosch Veld, at Klippan, Rehmann, 5365! near Lyden-

sar Atherst

. quingu mane enth., (according to Ficalho and Hiern, as “ illustrated by

specimens which have been distributed oe ‘ed Polytechnic School of Lisbon

as part o yo e Neier ges = D. A. R. Fereira,’’) is a grass, a branched above

the base nches bei g intravaginal ‘eon sera the cu ery slender and

glabrous, the pi rather “shor t (12-2 in.), stiff, and de ‘the sheaths clothed

Hackel (Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. App. iii. 22) indi ee 8S. pappophoroides,

Steud., and S. quinqueseta, Benth., aony arious pl n Great Nam — pet

but, in the tesierag f the ncteviernty, to which he refers i must leave open

question h hey belong to S. bulbosa or to one of the other 2 pe t

iis specific a alo of these can be maintained at all

LXIX. POTAMOPHILA, R. Br.

rare laterally slightly compressed, on short or rather long

pedicels, panicled; rhachilla jointed above the rudimentary basal

ene: Florets 3; lower 2 reduced to minute ~~ — upper-

most ¢ or unisexual with the organs of the other reduced.

Glumes educe very minute rounded or truneate s yor ee

obscure entire or bilobed hyaline rim. Empty valves ver small,

hyaline, nerveless, subulate or elliptic and rounded or | ; fertile

valve membranous, 5-nerved, awnless, nerves raised, sometimes slightly

winged. Pale 3-ne ; otherwise similar t e alv

Lodicules 2, finely nerved. Stam Styles distinct; stig

feathery. Grain obovate, compressed, crowned by the thickened —

bases of the styles, enclosed by the unaltered glume and ile ree.

TR So oy eel

Potamophila.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 659

revi tall aquatic grasses ; blades flat ; ligules membranous ; panicle effuse or

con .

Species 3; 1 in South Africa, 1 in Madagascar, and 1 in New South Wales.

1. P, prehensilis aes in Journ. Linn. Soe. xix. 55); s

several feet high, branched, many-noded, slightly ec or

terete, glabrous, Bois internodes up to 4 in. long; branches

spreading at a right se or almost so ; leaf-sheaths rather tight,

and

. h or oe. except the sometimes

minutely villous nodes; ligule membranous, oblong or truncate,

zl lin. long, pubescent ; blades linear-lanceolate from a very short

contracted base, acute, 3-5 in. by 3-6 lin., flat, flaccid, glaucous,

sparingly hairy and minutely seabrid on both sides, margins and

midrib cies rough from minute reversed spines ; primary nerves

bar |

Ss)

}

3-4 on each side ; panicle terminal, 4—6 in, long, ope

rigid ; a ns 1es spreading, fine, up to 4 in. long, the lowest usually

paired, sparingly branched, compressed and aig scaberu r

elow, branchlets 2-3-spiculate; pedicels 1-7 lin. long;

spikelets aetoaet oblong, acute, 3-4 lin. long, * slightly twisted,

pallid; glumes extremely minute truneate hyaline scales; empty

valves subulate, 1—» lin. long, nerveless ; fertile valve tightly clasping

he similar pale with the inflexe espa nerves raised, slightly

grain unknown. ag i: prehetts Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 194 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 788. Oryza prehensilis,

Steud. Syn.

Eastrrn Region : Natal; near the mouth of the Umzimkulu River, in

fopses and woods, D) *oge ! at Umbilo Waterfall, Rehmana, ed Umpumulo,

to 2000 ft., common in bush, Buchanan, 288! Inanda, Wood, 1805!

LXX. LEERSIA, Sw.

Spikelets laterally compressed, very shortly ‘serie panicled ;

"achilla jointed above the rudi ry glu loret 1

hach udimentar 9 Qe

(rlumes reduced to an o e hyaline aw or 2-lobed rim.

Valve 5-nerved, subcartilaginous awnless, keel and margins rigidly

cl iate. Pale narrow, 3-nerv ee subcartilaginous a at the

2; faba en aie Stamens 6, 3 orl. St am distinct ; stigmas

feathery. Grain ovate or oblong, compressed, embraced by the valve

and the pale, free ; embryo short.

Perennial ; leaves narrow ; panicle usually flaccid with very slender branches.

Spec = f both

Fos sare 6-7, mostly in iho tropics and the subtropical regions 0

1. L. hexandra (Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21);

thizome creeping, stoloniferous ; innovation- buds ovoid, sababate:

uu?

660 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Leersia.

scales smooth, striate; stems ereet from a prostrate or ascending

base, igar id from the lower nodes, 2—4 ft. high, simple or very

smooth, fiery striate ; uppermost internode longest (up to

1 ft., rarely to 1 ft., long); sheaths rather tight or the lower

looser and ultimately spreading, terete, usually shorter than the

internodes, the uppermost longest, reaching to or almost to the

panicle, glabrous, slightly scabrid or smooth, except the villous nodes ;

ligule short, obliquely truncate or bilobed, firmly membranous ;

blades narrowly linear, tapering to a fine point, 3-6 in. by 13-4 lin.,

glaucous, usually subrigid, Bai gael seabrid ; panicle 2-4 in.

long, erect or noi or “les accld a ding, narrow ; pore vee:

sean coneavo-convex, apreine ely bresued 12—2 lin. long, sometimes

purplish ; sides of valve scabrid or smooth ; stamens 6; anthers

1-12 lin. pee Kunth, Enum. i. 6; Trin. in — Acad. Petrop.

ser. Gt! — te Steud. sige Pi. Glum. i, 2; Durand § Schinz,

195; een Rév, Bie. 179, 1; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 193;

Krauss in Flora, 1846, 121. e luzonensis, Presl, Rel. Haenk. i

207. L. elongata, Petit-Thouars in Herb. Willd. ex Presl, 1.3

Trin. in Mém Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, v. (1839) 172. ei bape ga

Desv, Opuse. 61, L. mauritanica, Salem. ex Trin.

triniana, Sieb. ex Trin. Le. LZ. abyssinica, Rah ex a. * pick

Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 356. L. egyptiaca, Fiy. § De Not. in Mem.

; i A. } :

(name only). Seok iecantra Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. ii. 10.

O. australis, A. Br. ex Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 300; Ascher’.

Sf Bacar Tu. Fi. Souiite 167.

Coast Region: Robertson Div. ; = Veld, Thom! George Div. ; Pletten-

berg Bay, Mund. Uiten ee Div. rtkops River, Ecklon ¥ pion 510!

in the bed of the Vanstaadens Honing uum: 2188! Lower Albany; neat |

Glenfilling, 500-1000 ft., Drége ! Komgha Div. ; in oe valley of the Key River, —

rége.

Katanant Reeion: Orange Free State; near Winberg, Buchanan, 251!

ba ppc. near Lydenbi —e. Wilms, 1703!

Eastern Recion: Tem boland s_ near Been, 2000 ft., Baur, ope! Natal ;

Daten Flats, Buchanan, 21 75! 96! Berea, 100 ft., Wood, 5944! by the

Umlazi River, Krauss, 9! by the Tugela Hie, 600 ft., and at Umpumulo,

2000 ft., Buchanan, 281! |

Widely spread through the tropical and subtropical regions.

LXXI. EHRHARTA, Thunb.

Spikelets laterally compressed, panicled or racemed, sometimes

sont pedieelled ; rhachilla dicerticuiatiag below the valves, more

Ehrharta.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 661

or less obscurely produced. Florets 3; lower 2 ee to empty

valves, uppermost 3. Glumes persistent, membranous. Valves 3,

heteromorphous; the lower 2 empty, usually ait the glumes,

smaller, thinner, awnless, sometimes with a knob-like nd at

th ing a hinge with the appendage of the upper empty

valy; narrow, keeled, finely 2-nerved, ner

stigmas plumose or brush-like, exserted hive the ate Grain

elliptic, much compressed ; hilum a fine line almost as long as the

i vie about + of the grain.

ials or annuals of very varied habit, oe buibous at the base or

citecen blades flat or convolute, sometimes much — or peice

li em Petter, usually short or reduced to a rim; pan

‘nines sometimes very scanty or even ashi to potitary sqikclote

Species 25 South Africa, 1 also in a slightly different form in

fia, iectsal Arabia, the f Bhaaadh Islands and India (here probably

Intro d),

Empty valves Aegon caudate, similar in outline, equal

or unequal, 2—4 times re Jeng th of the glumes, upper

not oe a the

Flaccid annuals ; nee mpty valve —e the

valve 1-1} lin. 4 equalling or slig ne ;

exceeding the inci hema (1) triandra.

Spikelets long ; upper y valve longer than

lower, fertile vai Bat | in. long, much ‘

eedin, & the glu pon stamens 6 (2) longiflora.

Pitcninle with crowded basal leaves ; lower e empty

valve distinctly shorter ‘can the fertile, upper

pitted at the base :

Leaves lanceolate to linear- ipsa amas 2-5 lin.

— _— - at. i .. (3) dur

(4) microlena.

Lea w blifde

Empty valves ag sipciaie onlin: ‘less than twice the

ms pp of lume, or ne ubulate-caudate, the culm

a bulboas thickening at the base or the empty

‘y dissim :

Culms bulbous at the ba ase, simple, 2-3-noded, with

tufts of basal leaves ; empty valves subequal, upper

not appendaged at the base, ae sometimes with

@ prominent rid;

wer empty v cars widening above the etme

smooth, or like the upper coarsely rugose fro

projecting transverse lamella ; blades aialiy

flat, broad :

Spite Gin! nog! saith iow (5) Balbo,

Spikelets 4-6 lin. long 6) capensis.

Lower empt t equally y wide ‘th hough

pty

out, like the upper smoot

— ersely rngose; blades nsnaly “convolte,

igid

Gabeeis ios bulbous, or if subbulbous at t the base, t

bss ‘anched and 4-6-noded, or the empty valves ver 2x4

unequal ;

(7) longifolia,

662 GRAMINE# (Stapf). [Lhrhartu.

Empty valves very dissimilar; lower minute,

3 the length of the upper or less, 3-5-ribbed

or nerve, Pe Ag between the ribs or nerves :

Culms coarse, almost woody below; blades

ved een spikelets in 5- 12-spiculate

Glumes about 4 the length of the _

(8) rupestris

mes }-3 § the length of = spikelet .. (9) setacea.

a a blades ery fine ; ; spikelets

pyrene ty "cen or sc olitary on

delic ate peduncles

Glumes ponmaniee . be _length of the

spike rs subqua

jes, Rv iin. hia, in 2— iiveeuate

sie es . (10) tricostata.

Spikelets 2 in, long, solitat ry on

icate rather long ped nagioeh a ee Dodii.

Glumes pee alling velit s line

lanceolate to Tinea ong an 2) uniflora.

Empty valves similar, grit conspicuously

shorter and narrower, ‘but then more or less

like the upper in substance :

Spikelets 1-2 lin, meng to 24 oi ane

smpty . valves obtuse or tru

mucronate, rarely subacuminate, ee shes

not exceeding 14 lin. in leng

Empty es very similar and sub-

pe hae “distinctly exserted from the

glume

Perennial Day ag 4-25 lin.

long ; s s6 (13) erecta.

Annual ;sx erected We lin. long ;

stamens (14) delicatula.

Em wae valves unequal, “ower about

Mere length of the upper and very

rrow, upper about equalling the

as mes :

Perennial with basal ated of villous

ses valves glabrou . (15) melicoides.

ual ; expty st hairy .. (16) brevifolia.

Spikelets 27 lin. ong :

iis for s 2-4 ie long; glumes and

mp ae valves subequal ; upper empty

x fertile valves hinged together by

an ue appendage on a pivot-

like knob ;

Annual; empty valves hair y é

equal, subcaudate . (17) pusilla.

Perennial :

ahs per eceeraths blades flat

volute:

eas valves long hairy (18) calycina.

Empty valves glabrous :

Spike

ra- : .

ceme, 3-4 lin, long... (19) subspicata.

— “

e flexuous Yhachis

Ehrharta.}) GRAMINEX (Stapf). 663

of an often scanty

ig 24 lin.

: -- (20) Rehmannii.

than the valves «- (21) ramosa.

ro tly

riage de ~ valves ,.. (22) aphylla.

and

empty valve not appendage ay the

base, not hin ed to the fertile

Lower nodes detain tate ;

8 of the sii valves long

+» (23) barbinodis.

es glabrous; “empty, * valves

hairy all ov:

In Aen seh buds for —

stolons) — stou densely

covered a villous sale

eulm

on : i

lets ales lin. long . Hae gigantea.

branches base ;

seiksislt oT 1 ‘ln. ven .. (25) villosa.

_1. E. triandra (Nees ex Trin. Phalar, 15); annual ; culms usually

Simple, weak, 1-1 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, about 3-n ed ;

sheaths rather loose, glabrous or scantily hairy above ; ligules obtuse,

2 lin. long ; blades lanceolate-linear, tapering to a long fine point,

li i i

Up to 2 in. long, spreading at Ey aight petro or deflexed, flexuous,

branched from the base, scabrid; pedicels capillary, up to 3 lin.

i spikelets pallid, 4-6 lin. long; glumes ovate, acuminate, 1}

ong, Peo ciliolate, 5-nerved, the upper slightly longer and

into a

Oa ee | ee ae

purplish scabrid beak or awn, 5-nerved, cir A Tugose nite

664, GRAMINE (Stapf). | Ehrharta.

ciliate, base beardless; fertile valve ovate, subacute in profile,

1-1; lin. long, grape pale palais near the base ; lodicules

haeinds stamens 3, anthers ~ lin.; stigma brush- like. Nees,

Fl. Afr. Austr. 221; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 3 .5; Durand § Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 794.

EG10ON: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Ebenezer, dry hills, below 300 ft.,

Drege, weld Ae -logecpe ae between ened and Hex River, 1000-1500 ft., ”

Drege! Paa r Paarl, in copses, 500-1000 ft., Drége. Worcester Div. ;

Hex River alley, Wolley Dod, 3700!

2. E. longiflora (Sm. Pl. Ic. Ined. t. 32); culms geniculate-

ascending or erect, usually simple, weak, 1-2 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, 5-4. noded, uppermost internode up to 9 in. long; sheaths

rather ‘loose, glabrous, smooth; ligules truncate, up to 1 lin.

long ; blades linear from a clasping fimbriate base, 3— 6 in. b 1_5 lin,

flaccid, scaberulous or smooth, usually softly haisy or alabrescent,

margins wavy, scabrid ; panicle narrow, up to } ft. long, flaccid,

3+ lin. lene: lower glume oh oa peers iviel —u be lin., 5- nerved ;

upper glume oblong, cuspidate, 15-2 lin. long, 7- wanes empty

valves laneeolate-oblong, Brees into a beak or a scabrid subulate

awn of varying length (1-5 lin.), 7-nerved, the lower 3 lin. long,

with a minute beard in front a 2, small tufts of hairs at the back

of the base, scabrid above and often transversely rugose below, the

upper up to 32 lin. long, with a pair of inegnapienous “bearded ridges

at the base ; fertile valve oblong, subacute, 21—2% lin. long, 7- nerved,

glabrous, not appendaged ; lodicules ciliate ; stamens 6; anthers

% lin. Jong; stigmas brush-like. Thunb. Prodr. 192; Fl. Cap. ed.

Schult. i. 336; Sw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vi. 56, ‘t. 4, fig. 7;

Schrad. in Schult. f. Syst. vii. 1377 5 Kunth, ae i 14; Lt vets

Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. fri vy. 792. i ‘1 ongiflora, vars.

pay. ur A Sai sice: ones Nees, f C. abi E. Banksii, J. F.

i, Rs Steud. Le. ve pra rand & poate l.e. 791. P. longiseta,

Selirai, in Goett. Gel. Anz. iil. Ape sn 2078, ance is Schult. f. le.

1377; Kunth, Enum. i. 15, longifolia, Durand § Schinz, 1c.

792 (partly, not Schrad.), Py avenacea, Willd. ex Schult. f. lc.

1378 ( from the description).

Sovurn Arrica: without precise ene Thunberg !

Coast Region: Clanwilliam Div. r Clanwilliam, 350 ita Seblecsior>

8591! Brak Fontein ty by the Olifants River, in sand, Dreg

foot of Table and Devils Mountains, in shady places, hea Pappé. 13!

SES TS ae See Oe Reed oe

DOS Se ge ee eee

Ehrharta.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 665

near padande oink, Wolley ges pia Piers Road, Wynberg, Wolley Dod,

3230! precipices by the second waterfall on ph gms Pe ‘ak, Wolley Dod, 3455!

Dod, B01

: Div.; Z

River, Zeyher ! Eereyranle Divi 3 Gauritz River, Bellon, Monel Bay Div

Attaquas Wick ¢

Introduced into St. Helena and Bourbon,

. dura (Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 13) ; perennial, densely i

culms erect, simple, 1-2 ft. long glabrous, smooth, 2-noded ; leav

crowded at the base ; lowest sheaths very firm, kaadintesi or net ig

» Smooth or rough, margins sometimes wavy, upper blades

linear, convolute, short ; panicle oblong to sublinear, erect or

nodding, 3-5 in. long, rather loose ; rhachis smooth; branehes in

distant semi-whorls or pairs, unequal, up to 2 in. long, the lowest

branched, the others simple, 3-1-spieulate, filiform, glabrous, tips

thickened ; pedicels up to 6 lin. long; spikelets lanceolate- oblong

strongly comptessed, 5 —6 lin. long, greenish; glumes ovate-oblong,

obtuse , the upper 22 lin., sometimes emarginate ; lower empty valve

linear-oblong, ¢ gradually or abruptly contracted into a short bristle,

3~4 lin. long, prominently 5+74 perved, scaberulous above, bearded at

the base in front and behin upper empty vaive lanceolate,

gradually narrowed into an awn, 3 lin. long, 7—-9-nerved, scaberulous,

base with a short beard and a tympanum-like pit on each side; a

except for a beard at the base and the ciliate tip, 7—-9-nerved ;

lodicules piesa 1 lin. Jong; stamens 6; anthers 2} lin. long ;

stigmas plumose. Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 218%; — Syn. Pl.

Hum 1.5; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 791.

Coasr eee gk see Div. 5 Talhah. Waterfall, Ecklon, Worcester Dives

Duteits Kloo ft., on ss Drége! Swellen am Div.; a

Mountain nea ae uspus _ Ecklon nf degher, 4518! Caledon Div. 2 eas

Hoek Mount: rer Nienw Kloof, Burchell, 8058! Mossel Bay Div.; Patents

Kloof, Gill! Uitenha; ge Div. ; Witteklip Mountain, MacOwan, 2126!

4. E. microlena (Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 13) ; perennial, densely

tuft ted; culms erect, slender, simple, 2 ft. long, glabrous, smooth,

2- (rarely 3- ) noded ; leaves crowded. a the Bes ‘lower seats com-

blade setaceous, ak ge acute, the lowe r to 3 ft. long or more,

the upper much shorter, glabrous, smooth or seaberulous ; panicle

i 6

acne filiform, scaberulous except at the base ; branches 4~2-nate or

usually simple, 2-1- (rarely 6-3-) spiculate, capillary, scabrid ;

666 GRAMINEH (Stapf). | Ehrharta.

pedicels up to 6 lin. long, tips thickened ; spikelets oblong-lanceolate,

5-7 lin. long; glumes ovate- oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 5-7-nerved,

the lower 14 lin. long, the upper 23-3 lin.; lower empty valve

oblong-lanceolate, shortly awned from the gradually narrowed or

truncate tip, 3-4 lin. long, prominently 5—7-nerved, scaberulous

veges Sy oat bearded at the base; upper empty valve lanceolate,

long, gradually narrowed into a rigid awn, prominently

5-7- Spel scaberulous above, base pe or obseurely bearded

with a linear or oblong pit on each side, awn up to 7 lin. long;

fertile valve linear-oblong, obliquely truneate or subacute, 5-6 lin

long, faintly 7-nerved, alabrous except at the en tips ; lodicules

1 lin. long, glabrous 5 stamens 6; anthers 3 long ;_ stigmas

plumose. Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 217; Steud. bin "Pl Glum. i. 5;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Ft. Afr. v. 793.

Coast Re@ion : Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagh pee Ecklon. bores Div. ;

Dutoits Kloof, in bogs, 3000-4000 ft., Drége ! Swellendam Div., Mund. Rivers-

dale Div. ; between Vet River and Krombecks fie, Burchell, fr 184!

5. E. bulbosa (Sm. Pl. Ic. Ined. sub t. 33); perennial ; peer:

short, slender; culms erect, 1-11 ft. long, glabrous, smooth,

2-3-noded, lowest internode swollen (normally 2) into a denn essed

subglobose tuber 3 lin. in diam., covered by the villous sheath-

bases ; basal leaves 3-4; sheaths rather loose to tumid, glabrous,

smooth; ligule almost reduced to a line of short hairs ; blades

linear, gradually tapering, 3 in. by 1 lin., glabrous, smooth or

scaberulous, rather rigid, the es very small or suppressed ;

panicle narrow, linear, nodding, 2 2-4 in. long, seeund, almost reduced

to a raceme ; rhachis very slender, smooth ; branches in semi-whorls

or pairs or solitary, erect or spreading ; pedicels aaa ed piri

2-6 lin. long; spikelets elliptic-oblong, 3 lin. long; glum

subequal, lanceolate- oblong, acute or subobtuse, 2-21 lin. sam

5-7-nerved, glabrous, purplish ; : empty valves oblong or the lower

obovate-oblong, truncate, mucronate, 5 lin. long, 5— T-nerved, strongly

long; stigmas plumose. Lam. Illustr. t. 263, jig. 3 , a-g.; Thunb.

Prodr. 188 ; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. i. 336; Sw. in Trans. Linn. Soe:

vz. 60, t. 4, fig. 9; Kunth, Enum. i. eT Prin: Phalar. 19; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 6 ; Dar aad Sch nz, Consp. FL Afr. v. Sep

Syst. vii. 1368; Neos, Fl Afr. Ansty. 200. “E. emula, Schra d. Le.

: ata pon

ourn. Phys. xiii. (1779) 225, t. 3; Beauv. Agrost. 62, 2, fig: 3,

T’. spicata, Rich. ex Poir, Eneye. Suppl. ii. 542.

ast ReGion: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, Ecklon, 907! Lion Moura

Puppe ! ! lower slopes of Lion Mountain, near Sea Point, Wolley Dod, 3532 +

—

Ehrharta.] GRAMINE (Stapf).

near Cape Town, Harvey ! ee Ecklon. Tulbagh Div.; Tulbagh Water-

fall, Ecklon. Stellenbosch Div. ; Ho tent ge Holland, Eeklon. Caledon Div.;

Zwart Berg by the Steenboks iccver, Eck

6. E. capensis (Thunb. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 1779, 216, t.

8); perennial ; eo tufted, erect, sometimes nesaon 1-2 ft. lone

void-bulbous at the base, glabrous, smooth, 2-noded ; basal leaves

58 3 sheaths loose, glabrous, s amooth, the lowest pallid, more or less

n; ligules very short, ciliolate ; blades linear, from a aa ee

(often fimbriate) base, ¢ gradually tapering to a fine point, 3-8 in. by

> lin,, flat or ¢ onvolute, rigid or subflaccid, rather thick, glabrous

or hairy, margins per is often wavy; panicle erect or slightly

flexuous, 2-6 3 in. long, sometimes secund ; rhachis glabrous ; branches

usually paired or solitary, up to 1} in. long, “subereet, scantily

branched or simple, filiform, flexuous, glabrous ; pedicels 2-8 lin.

long ; spikelets oblong, 5-62 lin. long ; glumes subequal, pao, acute

or acuminate, 2-3 lin. es; glabrous, often purplish, 5-6} lin -e long,

om-

5-T-nerved; empty valves equal, lower ovate-oblong, muc

pressed, obtuse or subacute, usually mucronate, 7-9-nerved, obscurely

Acer below, glabrous or pubescent above on the sides, ciliate along

in Bent and behind; upper empty valve linear, sometimes curved,

usually mucronate, strongly transversely rugose, glabrous or pubes-

lin

3-37 lin. long ; stigmas plumose. 7 "hunb. Prodr. 192; Fl. Cap. ed.

Schult. i, 335. EE. Mnemateia, Linn. /. Slt 209 ; Thunb. oe

66; Durand § Schinz, — Fl. Afr. v. 793, "EL mn

Sir. in Trans. Linn. Soe. vi. 44, t. iii, fig. 1; Sehvad. in "Scull. ri

Syst. vii. 1366: Nees, Fl. i Austr. 198. HE. Mnemateja, Trin.

Phalar. 21; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 7. E. nutans, ae Tncye.

tl. 346 (excl. Syn. Toitreay Tllustr. ii. 397, t. 263, fig. 2.

E. sertlteies Sm. Pl. Ic. Ined. sub t. 33.

Soura Arrica: without precise sanety. Thunberg !

Coasy Region: Malmesbury Div.; Eikenboom, 1000-5000 ft., Dreg : Pole pe

Biv. i Harvey! Aewasiiee Constant, Wolley it 2125! aar

Div rl Mountains, [000-1500 ft., ulbagh Div.; Tulba bebop

full, i200 ft., Sier echter, 9060 ! Tulbagh Soucek Talbagh Kloof, = ene

Mou ntain ft., Ecklon. Wordester Div.; on ecaying wood,

Ecklon. Stallcathoaish Ay : between Hottentots Holland Kloof and Han Hoek,

i Dré 1 Div.; Pus:

rr / Caledon alg ade Hinde ‘kal Drege. Swellendam D: Hetion

r Zoe

Great Vals Sever: aa Sustenedkes tien, ‘Der “chell,

. E. longifolia (Schrad. in Goett. Gel. Anz. iii. (1821) 2077, “_

in he f. ee vii. 1965); perennial, tufted, simple from a more

or less tuberous base, 11-2 ft. long, glabrous, smooth, 2—5-noded ;

basal leaves rae : sheaths loose or ‘ight or the lowest open, firm,

GRAMINEX (Stapf). [Ehrharta.

glabrous, striate; ligule a line of hairs; blades linear from a

clasping and sometimes ciliate base, long Sie to a fine point, up

semi-whorls or pairs or solitary, unequal, up to % in. long, rarely

longer, erect or spreading, 3—-1- (rarely to 7-) spiculate, subcapillary,

glabrous ; pedicels up to 6 lin. long ; spikelets oblong, 33—4 lin. long ;

glumes subequal, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-31 ‘lin. long, glab-

rous, 5-nerved, often purplish ; lower empty valve linear-oblong,

truncate, apiculate, exceeding the lower glume, scabrid to hispidulous

) e keel, transversely rugose or not, bearded at the base

in front and behind; upper empty valve similar, slightly longer and

errower, mucronate, transversely rugose, rarely smooth,

apiculate, ‘dabrous, 5-nerved, with a bed on robe side a the base ;

lodicules ciliate, 3-3 lin. long ; stamens 6; anthers 13-23 lin. long;

stigmas plumose. Trin. Phalar. 21; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 6;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 792. E, Ottonis, Kunth, Rev.

Gram. i. 9 (name only) ; Enum. i. 13; Suppl. 10, €. 2, fig. 2; Trin.

fe. 20; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 201; Steud. lc. E. varicosa, Nees

ex Trin. Le. ‘19; Nees, lc. 200; Steud. Lc. Durand § Schinz,

ae noded ; blades ve y rigid, convolute or flat bal a be more pat 1 ir

rong 5 panic cle up to to in. long, mo: mpound ; efeile 9 s 4-54 lin. long;

glumes 43-4 shorter than the mad etree, the latter roel Bm rugose,

etd and ists above

Coast Reacion: Cape Div.; Table begin Ecklon, Bergius! Sim

Bay, “Wright, 196! Tulbagh Div.; Tulbagh Waterfall, ‘Ecklon, cualechet,

56 eRe Div. ; , Hottentots Holland, Ecklon ; a rege ! Pico u

endal, ége! Var. B: Cape i Tok

Piaitation, Wolley Dod, “ca! “lower slopes of Orange Kloof, Walley Dod,

3343! Alban ny Div. ; near Grahamstown, 2000 ft., MacOwan, 1294!

rupestris (Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 25); perennial; culms

ascending from a decumbent base, very slender r, almost woody,

simple or almost so in the lower part, divided into short aggregate

branches above, lower internodes pruinose ; leaves crowded, imbri-

pruinose or almost rough, persistent ; ligules very short, } lin. long,

woolly-eiliate ; blades folded, subulat e, obtusely keeled, pungent,

1-13 in. by . (when meena), ‘rigid, "prominently nerved,

densely EE on the upper surface, pruinose or almost rough

below ; raceme erect, rigid, about 1 in. long ; oats wavy, glabrous ;

pedicels erect, 1-11 Tin. | long, eae i spikelets 7-5, adpressed

the thachis, broad-oblon 2-22 lin. long ; glumes subequal,

ovate-oblong, gee obtuse, e a about 4 of the spikelet, thin,

finely pruinose, v ry shortly ef une empty valves very unequal,

_—

Lhrharta.) GRAMINER (Stapf). 669

the lower very small, tent mucronulate, thin, almost 1 lin.

long, with a stout middle and 2-3 very short side-nerves

below, upper oblong, very frit coriaceous, obscurely 5—7-ribbed,

finely tubercled along the ribs, ‘prin , base quite plain; fertile

valve similar, somewhat shorter ; todivals s denticulate, glabrous,

< lm, long; stamens 6 ; 5 anthers in, ais stigmas plumose.

yees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 227 ; — Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 73 Durand §

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

Coast Reeron: a pent Div.; Genadendal, 3000-4000 f »_ Drege! Swel-

lendam Diy.; on a mountain peak near Swellendam, Buroketl, 7i19

E. setacea Mae Fl. Afr. Austr. 228) ; perennial; culms tufted,

cies or su , 1-1} ft. long, slender, almost woody, smooth,

the Tae very many sti pt or plaetuid ong signs near

raver fy at the mouth, smooth, striate, exceeding the internodes except

the uppermost, the lower persistent, throwing off their blades ; ligules

redueed to a minutely ciliolate rim; blades setaceously subulate

ty a linear base, involute or convolute above, with a eallous base,

very rigid, striate, glabrous, smooth below, scabrid above; raceme

erect, straight, usually 1-2 in. long, 6- gs aoa et | ug as very

slender, smooth ; pedicels filiform, smooth, ereet, lin. long, tips

thickened ; spikelets oblong, 23-3 lin. long,’ pI ae seeund,

erect ; glumes subequal, ovate- oblong or oblong, very obtuse, }—*

the leng th of the spikelet, searious, glabrous, smooth, shortly

5-9-nerved, often Pe arren valves Pied unequal, lower

in,

3-D-ribbed, upper oblon ng, very obtuse, narrowed below, coriaceous,

7-ribbed, tibs tubercled, rough, base quite plain; fertile valve

Similar to the prec ceding, spices t smaller ; lodicules obliquely

obovate, denticulate, % lin, long; stamens 6; anthers 1 lin, long.

ne Ss) yn. PI, Glum. i. 7; Durand § Schinz, siete Fl. Afr. v

VAR. scabra (Stapf); leaves very rough, sheaths distinctly bearded at

mouth ; spikelets up to 3} lin. long; intermediate and upper fertile valve

har rower, granular, searcely “ribbed.

Coast Region: Cape Diy r Capetown, Harvey, is 136! by a stream

iy the. i a of Was Vier, “Wolley Dod, soy on e Mountain, 3000 ft.,

Dréye! Tulbagh Div. ; Witzenberg and Vogel Vie Belton. Var, B: Swed.

lendam Div.; ; ona mon ntain wadk near Ai "anthetl, 7312!

10. E. tricostata (Stapf) ; fypm culms gg 8 or fascicled,

~~ e or subereet, branched, filifor 1, 4-H t. long, glabrous,

above mostly much shorter excepting some of the uppe

% thinute ciliolate rim; blades linear, pl tapering to a subsetaceous

670 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Fhrharta.

point, -~ or finely setaceously convolute, 14-23 in. long, 3-1 lin.

wide at the base when expanded, somewhat rigid, glabrous, quite

aa, uppermost very short and fine; spikelets 2-9, in erect

slender racemes (up to 1+ in. long)» shortly seiasile, adpressed to

the filiform oe somewhat w avy axis, linear-oblong, 23—3 lin.

long as the s rkelet, subherbaceous and obscurely 5-7-nerved at

the very base, otherwise ginning white ; lower barren valve

ovate, strongly concave, 1 lin. long, strongly 3-ribbed, otherwise

delicately hyaline ; upper linear obtuse, equalling the spikelet,

fie: fin :

slightly shorter and less obtuse, 7—9-ribbed ; pale over 1+ lin. long,

es 2-nerved; lodicules obliquely ovate, denticulate, over

4 lin.long; stamens 6; anthers 1 lin. long; stigmas densely plumose,

stb. sessile.

Coast REGIon: Paarl Div.; French Hoek, 2400 ft., Schlechter, 9292!

11. E. Dodii (Stapf); perennial; culms tufted, geniculately-

ascending from a subdecumbent base, branched, very finely filiform,

about 6-8 in. long, glabrous, smooth, — -noded, lower internodes

several times as long as the upper; branches rather contracted ;

sheaths very tight, terete, glabrous, minutely rough, lower usually

shorter than the internodes, upper longer except “the uppermost ;

ligules short, truncate, ciliate; blades very fine, setaceously con-

volute, 1-12 in. ( (rarely 3 in.) by 3 22 lin, when expanded, glabrous,

smooth or obscurely rough, finely striate and seantily seabrid on the

upper surface ; spikelets solitary, terminal, linear-oblong, 2 lin. long,

glabrous; glumes subquadrate, equal, scarcely equalling } of the length

of the spikelet, herbaceous and 5—7-zerved near the base, otherwise

hyaline, usually purplish; lower barren valve ovate, hyaline,

5—7-nerved, scarcely exceeding the g umes ; upper linear-oblong,

obtuse, equalling the spikelet, coriaceous in the upper part, light

green, 7-ribbed, ribs fine and minutely tubercled ; cee valve

very similar to the upper barren valve, but slightly sh ; pale

1} lin. long, 2-nerved below ; lodicules obliquely Ti moa

nerved, } lin. long; stamens 6 ; anthers 1+ lin g

Coast REGION: Cape Diy. ; rocks on Constantia Berg, Wolley Dod, 1961!

12. E. uniflora (Burch. Trav. i. 57; name only) ; Sear

culms tufted, filiform, very weak, ascending from a decumbent

simple in the lower part, abundantly branched above, over 1 lin.

long, smooth, glabrous, many-noded, lower internodes often several

times longer than the upper; leaves quite clabrous, smooth ; sheaths

upper) ; ligules very short, — ciliate; blades linear, acute,

very cerca setaceously convolute, 2 ~12 in. by almost 1 lin. at the

base when expanded, striate ; cia He solitary or in 2-3-spiculate

racemes, terminal on very fine smooth peduncles, scarcely exse’

}

EE EE I aaa ee

Lhrharta.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 671

from the uppermost sheath, oblong, 23-32 lin. long, light green,

glabrous ; glumes spreading, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, equal,

as long as the spikelet, prominently 5-7-nerved, smooth, thin;

lower barren valve ovate, * lin. long, smooth, 5-ri d ; upper

13. E. ii. 347); perennial; culms tufted,

geniculate-aseending from a procumbent often copiously branched

] -

base,

rarely

hairy, smooth or subscaberulous, margins often wavy, scabrid or

very unequal, the longest up to 1-3 in., erect or spreading, simple or

sparingly branched, filiform to almost capillary, flexuous, glabrous or

scaberulous above ; pedicels capillary, scaberulous to puberulous, up

to 4 lin. or more long ; spikelets light green, oblong, 1{—2 lin., very

tarely 22 Jin. long; glumes ovate, obtuse or apiculate, 5-nerved,

the lowest 3-1 hi he upper 1-12 lin. long; empty valves oblong,

anthers 1~5 Jin, long; stigmas brush-like; grain 1 lin. long. Lam.

fllusty, ii. 397, t. 263, fig. 1,a-e. EF. panicea, Sm. Pl. de. Ined.

9; Thunb. Prodr. 188; Fl. Cap. ed, Schult. i, 335; Sw. in

Schrad. in Schult. J. Syst. vii. 1370; Trin. Phalar. 18; Nees, Fl.

Af, Austr, 225 ‘. Steud, Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 6; Durand & Schinz,

Consp. Fl. A rev. 793, E, paniciformis, Nees ex Trin. Phalar, 18;

- Afr. Austr, 226 (excl. var. 8); Stew. Le. 6; Durand § Schinz,

Le. 793. Panicum deflecum, Guss. in Ten. Fl. Nap. Vv. 320.

Trochera panicea, H. Baill. Hist. Pl. xii. 171, fig. 313, 314.

Var. i f ; s usuall

nodes ; Pima ye sigan srg horton of the panicle and the pedicels

often densely and minutely pubescent ; spikelets 2-25 lin. long; empty valves

riety ana puberulous ; fertile valve obscurely bearded at the base; stamens 3

Ways ?),

Coase Rreion: Cape Div. ; Table Mountain, as a weed on roadsides and in

672 GRAMINER (Stapf). | Phrharta.

gardens, Ecklon, 918! Mae moti ray, 398! Kloof hie the Lions Head a

Table Mountain, Burchell, 256! Wynberg Park, Wolley Dod, 1886! W: eae

Wilms, 3857! in ditches in 1 Sand Ros ad, Clar sd "ee Re 2384! Paarl

a) Paa rl Mountains, iti rocks, 2000-8000 522! Worcester

Ss endam Di 2 ‘near rootvi

Bos oh; ze yher, 1515 Rivers ule a “between Kochmans Kloof and Guuritz

River, pilin. ossel Bay Div.; dry ‘hills on the eastern side of Gauritz River

Baia eanaja! rota Div. ; eer rge, in forests, Burchell, rela ! Uitenhage

Div. ; under bushes by “the Zwartkops River, Ecklon S° Zey 186! Addo,

Betton, Port Elizabeth Div. ; near Port Elizabeth, on oa ‘tills, E E.S.C.A

soning gee ‘igen gt ae : ae in shady woods, 1500-2000 ft., Drage

mgha anagan ek g eens Div

woots be on ian (Fallowoa) River, 2000 # is

RAL ReGton: Prince iv. Great aod Bergen, near Klaar-

stroo’ m, 2000-3 000 ft., Drége ! pamrieete ; between the Zuurberg Range and

Klein Brings, River, by shady brooks, 2000-30 00 ft., Drége? Bosch “Berg,

Burche ny ec aaff Reinet Div . Klein Visch gras Ecklon (2); Albert

Div.; S Se . in gorges, 5000-3000 ft., Drege! Aliwal North Div.;

on the Witte or, Dré

ARI siecicaigle Orstige Free State ; ciara gta Rehmann, 3837!

HasteErN Reeton: Tembuland; Bazeia, Baur, 411 Var r.(B; Natal Slair-

mont, 50 ft., Wood, 7260 ! on the Drakens Bergen, near Pairs Buchanan, AT

Umsinga and base of Biggars Berg, Buchanan, 94! Riet Vlei, Buchanan, 287

In a slightly difterent form also in tropical East Africa as far as Abyss sinia,

and (prob: ably introduced) i in tropical Arabia, the Mascarene Islands, i India.

14. E. delicatula (Stapf in Kew Bulletin, 1897, 288); annual;

culms tufted, geniculate, simple or branched below, up to by) ft. long,

delicate, glal rous or minutely and reversedly hairy, 2 -3-node

sheaths rather tight or loose, the lower finally slipping from t the

culms, glabrous or hairy; ligules truncate, short; blades linear,

tapering to a fine point, 1-41 in. by 1-82 lin., flat, ‘flaccid, scaberu-

lous, minutely ee or glabrescent ; panicle narrow, 1-6 in. long,

su Pee: loose; rhachis filiform, glabrous; branches in distant

semi-whorls, seis ng, ‘vety unequa al, i to 2 in. long, simple oe

in. long; empty valves ‘aerowy pn or stoemt e-oblong, sub-

acuminate, peiarvok,: transversely rugose, scaberulous, beardless, the

upper slightly longer and with 2 semicircular shield-shap

appendages at the base ; fertile valve equalling the upper glume,

elliptic-oblong ng, minutely truneate or subacute, scaberulous above,

d-nerved; lodieules glabrous; stamens 3; anthers lin. gt

stigmas ‘brush- like. E. panicea, var. cuspidata, Nees; Fl, Aft

Au: str. 225 (var. mucronata, 226, by oo partly.

RN Reaction: Little Necagasians, Vanrhynsdorp Divy.; near Mieren

Kast, song ren sine 508 !

h Div.; Roodesand, Drege! Worcester Div. ; Hex

River Valley. Wolter y ee reg ! wont

Nees, Lc. 226, quote a var. mucronata” also from the following

localities : Elleboog pc rattle Namaqualand), Ebenezer (Vanrhy nsdorp

Ehrharta.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 673

Div.) and af eer ae yel (Tulbagh Div.). I have not seen specimens from these

places, but fro e description on pp. 225 ~~ ae it appears that at least some

15. E. melicoides eaten Prodr. 192); perennial; rhizome very

short, the faseicled culm and barren shoots densely clustered, with

rather firm, open, shveinclaleeed, glabrescent, the others tighter,

pare ligules short, truneate ; blades linear, narrow, finely acute,

up to n. by 3 aly 1 Jin., involute or flat, glaucous, baystons or aie

1 lin. long, 3-nerved, the upper obliquely oblong, equalling the upper

glume, 5T-nervei, with 2 prsaebaucritlniod appendages at baat

35; Sw.

- Soc. vi. 51, t. 3, fig. 4 ; Sehrad. tn Gioett Gel. Anz.

iii. 2078, and in Schult. f. Suet. Vii. 1371; Kunth, Enum. Pl. i. 13 ;

Trin, Phala ar, 23; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 202 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

1.6; Durand $ (Sekine, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 792. Melica capensis,

Ey hunb, Prodr.

Soutn Hass without — locality, Thunder i

Coast Reaion: Cape .; Lion, Mountain, Ecklon; above Sea Point,

Wolley Dod, 1608 ! Pa a ti Div. ; by the ine River, between Riet Kuil

ind Heme!-en-Aarde, below 1000 ft., Zeyher, 45

WEstERN ReEGIO : Little Nannaqui aland ; Sui Bergen, between Lily

Fontein and Pedros Kloof, 3000-400 , Drege !

acute, up to 2 in. y 3-1 in., very flaccid,

scabrid ; icle linear, very slender, up

n. long, flaceid ; “ wove filiform, iexnona, glabrous ; ; branches

iwhorls, very unequal, o 1 in. long, capillary,

p to 4 lin. long; spikelets greenish, “a

7 -

674 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Ehrharta.

the base ; fertile valve elliptic-oblong, subobtuse, 1 lin. long, loosely

pubescent, 1- (or very obscurely 3-5-) nerved ; pale: nerveless ; lodicules

glabrous ; stamen usually 7 rarely 3 ; anthers 1 1 jin. long ; : ae

brushlike ;_ grain = in. iong. unth, Enum. Pl. i. ; Trin

Phalar, 23 ; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. Sy ae Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 7;

Durand & gs Consp. Fl. Afr. v E. caly yeina, B, MB. in

Herb. Thunber

R. B, ee (Nees, l.c. end more sap mae ton Lape or minutely

persion to villous; spikelets up to 2 lin sometimes rather

ses the Ag oT valve eae seal om peat 1. E. brevifolia,

a adscendens Se

Sour ama: w without any locality, Thunbe

oast REGION: Fc ury Div.; between Suk Kloof and Saldanha

ad — 500 f.. Draje! pate tland and Paarde Berg, Ecklon. Uniondale

nge Kloof, Bers sa Var. 8: Vanrhynsdorp ‘Div. ; sand hills near

Bhyneze, below ave ® , Dre e!

on: Var. Little etapa anes near the mouth of the

Winco River, fine 600 .ft. yore 2563 !

A glabrous and robust state of this variety was collected by Drummond in the

eens River oi aup: West Australia; it has probably been accidentally intro-

uced the

—

17. E. pusilla (Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 22); culms tufted, 3-1 ft.

long, geniculate, ascending, slender, glabrous, 2—3-noded ; sheaths

lax or the upper tumid, glabrous, smooth ; ligules truncate, ni to

y lin. long ; blades linear, acute or mucronate, 1_]1 in, y 1-1; lin,

narrow, oblong, 1-2 in. long, sometimes reduced to a raceme, flaccid ;

rhachis flexuous, filiform ; branches 2-3-nate, short, flexuous, capillary,

smooth, 1-3- -spiculate ; ‘pedicels subelavate, scaberulous ; spikelets

secund, nodding ; glumes su ubequal, lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 lin.

long, rete asi finely 7-nerved, glabrous, paar and i

subobtuse, 2-22 lin. long, delicately 7-nerved, scantily at ;

ape eae atuinens 6; anthers 3 lin. long ; ; stigmas br’ 6:

lik » Fl. Afr. Austr. 223 ; _ Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 6;

Panwa é ‘fekins 7 ie Fl. Afr. v.

AL Recion;: ¥raserburg Div.; between Klein Quaggas Fontein 24

Haast River, Burchell, 1 1460! Lil

= sTERN REG Gion: Little Namaqualand; between Pedros Kloof a Sine

Font greeny t, Droge ! simcpar Baffels Speen River a 2 nga

an ear Ookiep, Dréye! Hazenkraals River, _ , Dreg

Bergen, Bitles. Mouth of ‘ae eso River, Ecklo

18. E. calycina (Sm. PL. Te, Ined. t. 33) 5 perennial, tufted,

rarely dilute > culm usually geniculate, slender, single

scantily branched, 1-2 ft. ae smooth, pia » very rarely penn |

villous below, 4 6-noded ; sheaths glabrous, ee

Ehrharta.] GRAMINE# (Stapf). 675

pubescent, rather tight ; ligules very short, truncate, denticulate,

ciliate ; blades linear from a clasping, often denticulate and ciliate

base, long and gradually tapering or shortly acute, rarely subobtuse,

1-4 in. by 1-3 lin., flaccid or rigid, flat or involute ee

seabrid ; panicle very narrow, nodding, 3- 9 ba subsecund ;

thachis flexuous, smooth; branches in Hist semiwhorls, very

unequal, the longest rarely more than 1 in. long, simple or scantily

branched, spreading or erect, subcapillary, flexuous, smooth ; spike-

tats pallid, apts purplish, oblong, 21-3 lin. long; glumes subequal,

harrow-oblong, acute or subobtuse, 7 -nerved ; j em npty valves unequal,

loosely villous, the lower very narrow, hinear-oblong, acute, as long

as the lower glume or shorter, sub-5- nerved, shortly. bearded sf the

base in front, the upper oblong, obtuse, aracronake (mucro up to

r lo

2 large semilunar appendages at the bas hehe ee fertile "valve

oblong, obtuse, slightly shorter than the upper empty v ve,

glabrous or scantily hairy, obseurely 5—7-nerved ; lodicules glabrous ;

stamens 6; anthers 11 lin. long; stigmas brush- like ; 3 grain

13 lin. long. Thunb. Prodr, 188; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. i. 335;

Sw. in Trans. Linn. Soe. vi. 53, t. 4, fig. 5; Schrad, tn Schult,

r rand &

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 791. E. genieulata, Thunb. Prodr. 192;

Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 336 ; Sw. lc. 55, t. 4, fig. 6; Sehrad. l.c., and

in Schult f. $e. 1373 : Kunth, lic. ; Steud. le. ; Durand Schinz,

Le. 792. “E. paniculata, Poir. Encye. Suppl. ii, 542 (by error).

EE. adscendens, Schrad. lc. E. laxiflora, Schrad. /.c. 2078, and in

Schult. J. le. 1373; Kunth, lic. ; Steud. lc. ; Durand § Schine, lie.

792. Ht aurieulata, ers in Flora, 1829, 491. . ovata, Nees in

Linnea, vii. 336 ; Fl. Afr. Austr. 203; Kunth, Le.; Steud. Syn.

Glum. i. 7

J; Suppl. 108. Melica geniculata, Thunb. Prodr. 21. M. festu-

coides, Lichtenst. ex Trin. Phalar. 24. Trochera calycina, Beauv.

— 62, #. 12, fig. 4

R. 8, versicolor (Stapf) ; densely so — —_ usually 14-3 ft.

ng, rigid ; le (Sia olute, rigid, up to 1 ft. spikelets 3-44 er"

long, acu , the lower y valve slightly Pesating the lower glume; tips 0

pper empty valve almost acute, mucronate, excveding pper g

Vin or iene healed \ Schrad. in Goett. Gel. Anz. iii, (1821) 2078, and in

chult. f. Syst. vii. 1874; Kunth, En si 14 Brin 8,

Afr. Austr, 213; Steud.’ Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 6; Durand § Schinz, Cons. Fi.

Ajr. v. 794, Ev atricta, Nees ex Trin. l.c.; Nees, a. “O14; Steud. lc

& Schinz, Le

lity, Thunberg/! Mund & M

¢ yano Yara cg ee ; ; Eben ezer, ‘st the Olifants Tear, hig

: m Div.; Wu thal 1500-2 Drége. almesbury Div. ;

Riebeks Kasteel, Peon Cape Diy.; Lion Mountain, Ecklon, 909! ara

a pal the Lions Head and Table Mountain, Burchell, 255! common on

Head, Wol lley Dod, 8528! (a state with setaceous leaves) ; saddle of

676 GRAMINER (Stapf). [Bhrharta.

Lions Head, oe Dod, 3101! gona ate 138! 189! 140! Cape

Flats a Doorn Hoo e, Zeyher, 1845! near Sea Point, MacOwan, Herb. Aust.

Afy., 1792! Simons De Wright, 192! i Saeiade Viey, Wolley Dod, 2752!

2. all over Simons Town Hill, ee 3005! Paarl Div. ; Paarl,

1500 ft. Div ;

hills near Riet gre and Grootvaders Hoek, 2000-8000 ft., Zeyher, 4574!

River sdale Div.; hills near last elks River, Burchell, 6778! Mossel Bay

v.; Gauritz + River, Ecklon. Uitenhage Div.; Uitenhage, Zeyher! Zwartkops

River and near Addo, Ecklon. Port Elizabeth Div.; Port Elizabeth, 4. 1. CLA.

Herb., 102! Bathurst Div.; between spine Krantz and Kaffir Drift Military

Post, Burchell, 3693! Albany Div. ; r Grahamstown, ens 1284a!

King Williamstown Div. ; Amatola fines will Buchanan, 48! . B: Uiten-

hage Div.; Grass Ridge, Ecklon §° Zeyher.

CENTRAL REGION: Prince Albert Div.; Gamka River, Mund ¥ Maire!

Var. 8: Graaff Reinet Div.; —_ a 2900-4300 ft., Bolus, 676! 706!

Fraserburg Div. ; between Karee Riv d Klein ia aggas Fontein, Burchell,

1414! Praha en Div.; Kl oD eantenh, Burchett 1526

WES £elon: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Karee as, 1500 ft., Schlechter,

ere Little Namaqualand ; between Revs Mountain, Silver Fontein and Koper

3000 ft. , Drege! between Kousies River and Orange River, Ecklon.

Nar Be Little Namaqualind 5 between Pedros Kloof and Lily Fontein,

3000-4000 ft., Drége, 2567!

> ype oral Basutoland; Leribe, Buchanan, 2

TERN ReGion: Natal; — dunes near the mouth of the Umlazi River,

PS 414; Chilrniget, 50 ft., ood, 7261 !

A very polymor species of Hes Nees distinguishes 6 varieties and severil

Reel ag bu rang used by him are so uncertain that I find it

useless to retain on subdivisi

19. E. noe asha (ip; ; perennial ; culms geniculate, ascend-

ing or suberect from and fascicled on a very slender rhizome, 2 ft

high, slender, iain commie 5-8-noded, simple or branched at

the base, lower shel short ont enclosed, the others: a ce

eae ales

aN linc us, a a aunias: 5. nerved ; pale c Looely 2nerved ; lodien rs

abanely. obov nh broad, up to 1 lin, long; stam stamens 6;

ng.

]

hace a a Re a SE a a ce

ee SS Oe eS Fe Te ee ee

Ebrharta.] GRAMINE (Stapf). 677

Coast Recion: Cz ae Div. ; without precise locality, Harvey, 318! bya stream

from Retreat to ae berg Viey, Wolley Dod, 3519! Riversdale Div.; by the

iene Rive Bur chel/, pot Georg e Div.; on the Post Berg (Cradock

Berg) near Gece Burchell, l, 5974

ereet, very narrow 3 in. long, subsecund, reduced to a scanty

raceme ; rhachis filiform, floxuons, glabrous, smooth below ; pedicels

Solitary or 2- -nate, subeapillary, glabrous, smooth or Sie 80,

3-3 lin. long, pallid ; glumes equal, fhaeaglateohtong,. acute to

ous ;

the valves or equalling them ; barren valves oblong, obtuse or truncate,

lower slightly shorter, narrower, 5-7-nerved, with a callous ridge and

& very minute beard at the base, upper 7-nerved, transversely rugose

in the upper part, with a lange Ley eon appenda ge and a short

truncate, intermediate in length Sainte the two preceding valves,

glabrous; stamens 6; anthers 1 lin. long. 2. aphylla, Nees, -

Afr. Austr. 207 (in part). EH. ramosa, var. Rehmannit, Hack. MS.

Var, 8, filiformis (Stapf); culms series: blades very narrow, mostly finely

setaceous’; panicle reduced to 1-2 spikel

nde REGION : Cape Div. ; without ea eee Harvey, 329! 335! Table

Moun eeiten, 914 partly ! Cape Pen clearing near Newlands

peat ig Dod, 3121 ! and ina wo oa: erm ecules House, Wolley Dod,

2385! comm n by the second waterfall on sahil basi Wolley Dod, 3118!

George Diy. ; : Okt niqua econ tains, Montagu ehmann, 41 ar A:

Cape Div.; top of Constantia Berg, Wolley ey 3477! Stellenbosch Div. ;

Lowrys Pass 1500 ft., § pehteehtan: 7285! Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek Mountains,

3000 ft »Sehlcker, 9417 !

E. a , Var. filiformis, Nees, from the Klein of ee (Paarl Div.) is

probally. Hee with Schlechter’s plant from Lowrys P:

21. E. ramosa (Thunb. Prodr. 192); suffrutescent, 1-4 ft. high,

much branched ; culms stout, firm, more or less woody, up to 23 hn.

de ;

panicle erect, very narrow, linear, 2-4 in. long, often reduced to a

taceme ; rhachis filiform, glabrous, scabrid; branches solitary or

678 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [Ehrharta.

paired or fascicled, unequal, the longest 1—1 in. long, 3—1-spiculate ;

pedicels puberulous, scabrid, 1-3 lin. long; spikelets erect, oblong,

3-31 lin. long; glumes equal, usually distinctly shorter than the

spikelet, lanceolate-oblong, acute, glabrous, pallid, 5- to sub-9-nerved ;

yarren valves very similar, oblong, obtuse or truncate with usually

purplish tips, scabrid, lower slightly shorter, narrower, 7-nerved, with

a callous ridge and a minute beard at the base, upper often minutely

cuspidate, 7- to sub-11-nerved, sometimes obscurely transversely rugose

with a large semilunar appendage and a short beard on each side of

the base; fertile valve subobliquely oblong, truncate, intermediate

in length between the 2 preceding valves, glabrous, 7-9-nerved, with

a knob on each side of the base; lodicules glabrous; stamens 65

stigmas short, plumose. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 335; Sw. im

Trans. Linn. Soc. vi. 49, t. 3, fiy. 3; Schrad. in Goett, Gel. Anz. 11.

(1821) 2077, and in Schult. f. Syst. vii. 1370; Kunth, Enum. Pts 1.

12; Trin. Phalar. 25, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, v. 71 (am

part); Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 205 (in part); Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum.

i. 7; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 798. E. digyna, Thunb.

Prodr. 192.

Coast Recion: Worcester Div.; Dutoits Kloof, 3000-4000 ft., Drége / Swel-

ndam Div.; on a p near Swellendam, Burchell, 7312! Riversdale Div.;

Zoetemelks River, Thunberg ! lower part of the Lange Bergen, near Kampsche

Berg, Burchell, 7011! Knysna Div.; Plettenberg Bay, Mund Maire!

Uitenhage Div.; by a rivulet between Leadmine River and Van Stadens River,

Burchell, 4648!

appendage and a short beard on each side of the base ; fertile valve

subobliquely oblong, truncate, intermediate in length between .

preceding valves, glabrous, 7-nerved with a knob on each side of the

Ehrharta.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 679

base; lodieules glabrous; stamens 6; anthers 13 lin. long; stigmas

short, p plumose. Nees, Fl. Afr. ustr, 207 (in “part) ; Steud. ‘Syn.

v. 791 (in part). E. ramosa, Trin. Phalar. 25, and in. Mém. Acad.

a sér. 6, v. 71 (in part); Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 205 (in

#2).

Var. B, naa ae leno 2 big: % ft. high; branches fascicled, very

numerous, asce , divide : e divisions (flow i branches) about 2 in.

long; sheaths ee short, 0 ig or almost so; panicles almost reduced

Me racemes, about 1 i x les ers and pedicels guccias 3 spikelets 24-24 lin

ong.

Coast Re@ion : Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; Giftberg, 1500-2500 ft., Drége! Cape

Div. ; Table Mountain, Beaton, 914 partly! hag zed ast *Bacshall, 513!

MacGitioray, 392! MacOwan, , Herb. Aust. Afr., 2! Simons Bay, Wright!

Paarl Mountains, 1000-1500 ft., he | *Tolbngh Div.; Tulbagh

Waterfall, Walon &¥ Zeyher! Worcester Div.; Bains Kloof, 2800 ft.,

Schlechter, 9180! Caledon Div. 3; Genadendal, i the fp of the mountains,

ae a es rae £ Zuurb oe Range, between Enon and Drei Fontein,

ar. B: re Div. ; ae of sabiittaite of Buaviaans

Kloor near Gonnsonad Mie chell, 772

The variet y B fase key seems to eon a vee a state E. aphylla or

of E. ramosa, probably due to the conditions of habitat. I have placed it with

£. a on account A ‘the: rae r culms and the eto by long glumes ;

hs are f HE. ramosa. The pasate rhachis and pedicels

distinguish j it from het E. “aphgila, as well as EZ. 7

Pui E. aphylla, Other specimens which he enumerates under E. ramosa,

which I have not seen, ma y be E. ramosa, “E. Rehmannii or E. aphylla ;

ae _

Ast Region: Clanwilliam Div.; Ezelsfontein, Drege. Tulbagh Div.;

sonnets Berg, 800-5000 ft., Ecklo n. Caledon Div.; Caledon, Ecklon.

Zwart Berg, Dr . Swellendam Div.; Cannaland, Ecklon. Riversdale Div.

Kochmanns Kloof 2 Ganrits River, Ecklon. Uitenhage Div.; Van Sta ae

Berg, 3000 ft.,

Drég

WEsTERN pairs Little Namaqualand ; Rood Berg, 4500-5000 ft., Drege.

23. E. barbinodis (Nees ex Trin. Phalar. 20); perennial ; culms

geniculate, aseending, 11-2 ft. long, a smooth, many-noded,

lower internodes short, Wppermioat up to 1 ft. long ; sheaths tight,

acistug to a fin ne point, up to 14 in. a 12 lin., rather firms, flat,

glabrous or cently hairy, margins scabrid ; panicle narrow, linear,

erect, 3 in. long, way reduced to a raceme, loose ; rhachis pers

branches in rather distant semiwhorls or pairs, unequa al, up to } in.

long, usually les meroas | capillary, flexuous, glabrous ; ; spikelets

ovate-oblong, 43-6 lin. long ; glumes ovate to lanceolate a

vps sometimes vile. ‘the lower 23-34 lin. long, 5~7-n

r 33-4 lin., 7-9-nerved; lower e mpty valve Bike cilong,

obliquely truncate, mucronate, 31-42 lin. long, strongly compressed,

680 GRAMINEH (Stapf). [ Ehrharta.

5-7-nerved, bearded at the base in front and behind, keel long-

ciliate, margins ciliolate; upper empty valve similar, but longer,

obscurely transversely rugose, scantily hairy below, obscurely ridged

and bearded on each side of the base; fertile valve lingar-

oblong, truncate, almost as long as the preceding gene: glabrous,

7-nerved ; lodieules glabrous, 1 lin. long; stamens - ers 2 lin.

long. Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 215; Steud. Syn, Pl. yen LB;

Durand § Schins, Consp. Fl. Afr. Austr. WV. TGs

Coast Recion: Vanrhynsdorp Div.; near Ebenezer, among shrubs, 300 ft.,

Drége ! Karee Bergen, 1500 ft., Beilochtor, 8281!

WESTERN REGION: Little ‘Namaqualand Kamies Bergen, Vallei Fontein,

and near the mouth of the Orange River, Ecklon, Kaus Mountain, 2500 ft.,

Goedemans Kraal, and near Hanis ag Drége.

24. E. gigantea (Thunb. Prodr. 192); perennial, stoloniferous ;

young stolons stout, densely covered with villous scales ; culms erect,

stout, simple, up to 6 ft. high, terete, green, glabrous, except below,

about 3-noded, internodes exserted, base covered with about 6 tightly

adpressed imbricate firm tomentose ultimately glabrescent blade-

less sheaths; blade-bearing sheaths tight, terete, lowest finely

tomentose, following glabrous, long (uppermost over 1 ft.) ; ligules

very ru ciliate ; blades inear, from an almost clasping base, acute,

up to y 3 lin. ., firm, involute, glabrous, smooth ; panicle linear,

erect, 1 ft, ‘long; rhachis slender, flexuous in the upper part, smooth _

below, scaberulous above; branches in pours distant contracted

fascicles, ican up to 2 in, long

except at the ciliolate aa lower 1- to Pm oe

3- to sub-5-nerved ; barren valves similar, coriaceous, long villous an

ciliate along the margins, awned, awn 2 lin. lo ng and scabrid ; lower

4-43 lin. long, linear, 3- to sab: 5-nerved, bearded at the base ne

front and behind, upper 51-6 lin. long linear-obl ong, 5< 30 ee

3 in long. Thu nb. Fi. Cap. ed. Schult. 336; Sw. in Trans

- Soc, vi. 58, 4, fig. 8; Schrad. in Goett. Gel. sath

(sz) 2079, ine Schult. f. Syst. vii. 1875; me

pa Pl. i. 14; Trin. Phalar. 16, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. se? Pl.

6, v. 62. Melica gigantea, Tin. Prodr. 21; Willd. Spec

1. 382. Aira villosa, Linn. f. Suppl. 109.

es 0}

Var. 8, Neesii (Stapf) ; culms shorter, more slender, 4-5-noded ; Ler oeiey

06 in, long ; spikelets 44-5} lin. long; fertile valve sometimes scanti - LO

on ches sides. E. gigantea, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 216 ; Steud. oh oe Pl. Glum- E

Durand § Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. v. 792 (ewcl. syn.) |

EE ee

Ehrharta. | GRAMINEH (Stapf). 681

VaR. y, stenophylla Stapf): ols sobbnloge and densely covered with

imbrieate bladeless ws at the type, 2-3 ft. high, slender,

hard, 4-6-noded, bra Pale or ives’ tae base branches long, erect, like the

i 1

main culm; lower sitian purplish; blades very narrow, setaceo usly con=

os 1-6 in. long ; ieee 44-54 lin. long ; ue few-nerved, upper 3-4 lin,

ng.

South A¥rrica: without pee ee orgie

Coast aeynonhs evi : Ma ury Div.; ae ” Ri ebecks Castle, among

shrubs, 500-10 » Drive. Var. Ke Ta ulbagh Div. ; 5 Tutbagh Water ull, 1200 ft.,

foe Div. ; nthe Ceder nga n, near 2 ie elsbank, 3500 fr t. (Drege) : Cape

Div., near Danaea, Ecklon) ; and Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Ringe i

(Ecklon). The description of the spikelets of “ Aira villosa” by Linn f. is

altogether faulty and misleading ; bu t a note in Thunberg’s herbarium leaten no

doubt that he meant Ehrharta gigantea, Thu re

25. E. villosa (Schult. f, Syst. vii. 1374) ; perennial ; innoyation-

buds pistes slender, only the basal scales fugaciou sly tom near ;

culms geniculate, aseending from an often decumbent and r g

base, up to 3 ft. lo ong, slender, hard, perfectly smooth and ane

5-8- noded, branched below, beanuhies long and like the main culm ;

Sheaths sthes firm, loweet bladeless, “puberulous or tomen ntose,

glabrescent, AG: leng th aap? ee vithering away, thereby laying

eer oal ovate-oblong, 5-6 lin. long; glumes subequal, oblong, acute,

~52 lin. long, scarious, pallid, rarely purple, glabrous 8h i at t

valves, subcoriaceous, 7-nerved, villous ; pale, ee and anthers

as in H. gigantea. Nees in Linnea, vii. 3 Fil. Afr. Austr. 213 ;

Trin. Phalar. 16, and in Mém. Acad. Pitersh. ser. i vy. 62;

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 5; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

794. E. gigantea, Steud. in Flora, 1829, 491.

Var. 8, maxima (Stapf) ; culms stouter; sheaths somewhat looser; panicle

682 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [Ehrharta.

longer and much more ee spikelets 6-74 lin. long; glumes 54~7 lin.

ae with 7-9 long ner

UTH ig pes precise locality, Thom, 80! Var. 6, Ecklon

Pb 409! Thor

Co rit — ape Div.; Camps Bay, Ecklon ! scenes 332! Simons

Bay, Alexander! sandy ae at Upper Novth Battery and common in deep

sand all ent oo mons Town, Wo lley Dod, 2827! very viene in sand on the

beach beyond the Mill, Wolley Dod, 3229! Var. 8: Port Hlizabeth Div. ;

common snag » Port Elizabe th, H.8.C.A. , 94!

CrentRaL REGION: « Somerset, ie ere 7

E, villosa and E, gigantea are very closely — the ci ae mainly

e e glu and 0)

in the mode of growth and the relative length of t lum alves.

h is vege Pe he pe ir of soil will have to be investigated

on the also refers to E. villosa specimens na eae are Ecklon at

Nee

Talbagh. Watorfal : Caine Agulhas, and near the Zwartkops Riv:

LXXIJ. PHALARIS, Linn.

Spikelets laterally compressed, in contracted more or less spike-like

panicles ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, not or obscurely

produced beyond the termi al floret. Florets 3, the lower 2

minute, rudimentary, the uppermost ¢, enclosed by the glumes.

Glumes subequal, boat-shaped, keeled, keel often winged. Hmpty

valves very small, subulate to lanceolate, membranous, with a callous

base, or 1 or both reduced to a maidate callous scale; fertile valve

thin, ultimately rigid, 5-nerved, awnless, ovate, acute. Pa saat

as long as the valve, 2-nerved (sometimes obscurely). Lodicules 2,

serted from the top of the spikelet. Grain much compressed, ovate,

free, enclosed by the valve and pale; hilum oblong, short ; embryo

cc ing + the length of the grain.

uals or perennials; leaves flat; panicle oe stiff, spike-like, sub-

cute or ie upted and lobed ; pedicels very shor

— es 10, mainly natives of the Mediterranean region, but widely

weeds; 1 species in the boreal region and in South Africa, and another

California to Chile,

Annual; keels of oo conspicuously winged

Per ennial ; keels of glumes not or very obscurely winged ..

ug as

from

ae eee arundinacea.

1. » minor oe Obs. ill, ge annual; culms tufted, sen -

glumes subequal, Sakina, acute, relies sehilis nerves “gre

errulate, suddenly contracted below the apex ; lower oe

rae a minute callous scale; upper somewhat subulate, 4 y

air Rr ea

Seat

Phalaris.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 683

membranous, hairy with’a callous base, up to 2 lin. long; fertile

valve scantily silky ; pale ciliate on the back, Lis gem 2-nerved or

almost nerveless ; anthers 1— lin, ong; grain } lin. long. Kunth,

Enum. Pl. i, 325, Trin. Spec. ‘Ora am. i. t. 79; Phalar. 8; Nees, Fl.

Austr. 5; Steud. Syn. Li. Glum. i. 11; Durand §& Schinz,

er, Eo i

Fl. Atl. i. 55 (not Linn.). P. ambigua, ‘Fig. & De Not. in Mem

Ace. Torin. ser. 2, xii. 326.

SoutH Arrica: without — tay, Thunberg

Eastern REe1on: Tembuland; Gatberg, 4000 ft., Baur, 1148

A native of the Mediterranean countries ; introduced in many other parts of

the world,

arundinacea (Linn. Sp. Pl. 55); perennial ; rhizome short,

premorse, stoloniferous ; stolons with firm scarious sheathing scales ;

culms erect from a ereepin

; sheaths glabrous, smooth, strongly ety

°o

beg

ie)

loool

(=)

—

°o

fe)

bar |

—™~ @

~—

bole

Leal

en}

173)

ber J

for

“5

we]

copiously and densely branched, glabrous, smooth or scabrid; spike-

lets ovate- lanceolate, 23-3 lin. long ; ty es subequal, whitish-green

or purplish, acute, 3-ner ed, keel not or = ‘arg winged,

lin. long; fertile valve Seattle silky, 12 lin. long ; pale ciliate on

the back ; lodicules obliquely ovate- lancoalate.; gathors 15 lin. lo ~~

Fi, Bon. t. 259; Host, Gram. a it; 33; Sehrad. FI.

1. 180,.¢. 6, fig. eS Engl. Bot. t. 2160, fig. 2; Kunth, Enum. “PL

1. 33; Trin. Phalar. 11; Steud Spe. Pl. Glum. i. 11; Baill. Hist.

Pl. xii. 169. P. cesia, Nees Afr. Austr. 6; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum.i.10; Durand ie Bae ty Fil. Afr. 795.

Coast REGIon : Vit e Div. ; Olifants Hoek Mountain, by the Bosjesm

River, in virgin fbiedia (hatte n § Zeyher he — rd Div.; Bedford, Hutton |

Fort Be aufort Diy. ; by the Kat River, Zeyher by the Great t Fish River,

Bowie } a the "Bishi River and Fort Be Boek in copses. ége!

Cathear 3 Gleneair n, 4800 ft., Galpin, 2416! British Catfraria, " Cooper,

684 GRAMINE& (Stapf). [ Phalaris.

CrntraL REGion: Somerset Div.; Bosch Berg, on the banks - Bey

2500 ft., MacOwan, 1640! Albert Div.; Mooi Plaats, ny wrege f

se: North Div.; at the foot of the Witte Bergen, 4500-5000

N REGION: by the Mooi River, 4000 ft., Wood, Oo Yan ere

ig, “Wood, 7215 partly !

Also in Europe.

aquatica, Thunb. Prod. 19, is alee ad this plant. It is not mentioned in

his Flora Capensis, nor is it in his herbarinw

LXXITI. MELICA, Linn.

Spikelets in spike- or raceme-like or open panicles, laterally or

dorsally compressed, or subterete, jointed (sometimes imperfectly) on

their pedicels or continuous with them; rhachilla tardily disar-

ticulating above the glumes, readily between the fertile valves.

Lower 1 or 2 (rarely 3) florets 3, the following 2-3 barren, small,

embracing each other and forming a clavate or oblong body. Glwmes

2, membranous, hyaline or scarious, obtuse or acute, 3~5-nerved, or

the upper 7-nerved. Fertile valves ‘firmly membranous except at the

Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, short ; stigmas laterally

exserted, finely plumose. Grain enclosed by the more or less

hardened (chartaceous) valve and the pale, free, oblong, semi-

terete to subterete; hilum a fine line as long as the grain ; embryo

small.

Perennial ; eee eat or deeergnat: Prd hyaline ; ariel a spike-like

or almost reduced any- w-spiculate, often secund ; spikelets

more or less scarious, st Las vividly pe ee pete on capillary ier the tips

of whic are e usually : strongly incurved.

40 species, mainly in the ort temperate zone, a few in the temperate

sais of the southern hemisphe

Valves hairy yer MS along by si a3

Leaves softly hairy all over ; fertile floret 1, m

cee & than the upper glum . (1) Bolust.—

Leaves glabrous ; fertile lores 2, equalling or ex-

ceeding the upper glum

Culms 2-3 ft. long, simple or do branched

above the base; leaves very sc

Spikelets 3-5 lin. ae 3 Sg ee ovate,

oa oblong, subacuminate, rather

(2) racemosa.

Spikelet ets 21-3 lin. ‘long; " glumes very

road, subacute or subcuspidate ... (3) ovalis.

Culms 3-6 in. long, profusely branched, in

dense fascicles from a long prostrate very

slender base; leaves scaber ulous; spikelets é

24-3 lin. loug; upper g uminate .,. (4) pumila.

Valves hairy all over:

Culms profusely branched, in dense fascicles

from a long pros trate base, up to 4 ft. sake of

spikelets up to 4 lin. long... (5) Neesi.

Culms simple, Aleit or ascending ‘from a bonis

short base ; spikelets 54-7 lin, long i (0) ee’

SO Re ea pe ee ae fe Te ee ee ee

aie GRAMINEE ieee 685

ae prostrate very alendak base, up to 1 ft. eit or more, i Aree

ingly hairy all over ; sheaths tight, striate, rather thin ; ligules up

panicle linear, 8-12-spiculate, secund ; bra nehes up to 7 lin. ses

about as long as the internodes, 3- -1-spiculate, erect, subcapillary,

supported by ovate or oblong hyaline bracts, tips of p edicels minutely

villous ; spikelets pallid, 3 lin. long, with 1 fertile floret ; glumes

3 lin, long, hyaline margins very narrow; valves shorter than the

Upper glume, fertile valve oblong, obtuse, almost Saale on the

CenTRAL Re@ion: Graaff Reinet Div.; on sides below the summit of the

Compass Berg, 8300-8500 ft., Bolus, 1985!

- M. racemosa (Thunb. Prodr. 21); culms ascending from a

usually long very slender wiry sometimes procumbent base, simple

or branched below, 2-3 ft. Jong, glabrous, smooth or scabrid below

the panicle, many-noded, internodes (except the uppermost) mostly en-

closed ; leaves glabrous, scabrid, rather crowded above the base, the

lowest more or less reduced ; sheaths tight, capa ‘iets up to

1 lin. long; blades lines, tapering to a fine poi t, 3-6 in. long,

2-1} lin. wide when expa nent sually convolute subglaucous ;

panicle very narrow, 3-9 in ge, erect or ding, more or less

Secund ; branches mostly cena ‘distant ene or suberect, branched

or more often ss a nerorns to Bax sar flexuous, often much shorter

than the internodes ; pedicels 3-12 lin. long, tips thickened, pubes-

flowers 2 ; glumes unequal or subequal, 5-nerved, the lower hyaline,

Ovate, acute, 3-3} lin. long, the upper oblong, firmer, acuminate,

herves rather close and prominent, slightly seabrid, 33-43 lin. long;

valves slightly exceeding or equalling the glumes, the fertile oblong,

Obtuse or minutely truncate or emarginate, 7—-9-nerved, nerves rather

prominent, seabrid, sides only hairy; hairs 2 lin. long; body of

barren valves clavate, ¢ clabrous, scaberulous; anthers 1 lin. long; grain

1-12 lin. long, semiter rete. Thunb. Fl. Cap. ed. 1, 417; ed. Schult.

111; Kunth, Enum. i. 378; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

898. M. Ca eeegtea in Goett. Gel. Anz. ili. "as91) 2073,

and in Schult. Mant i . 296; Kunth, Enum. Pl. i. 376; Nees in

Linnea, vii, 327, and Fl. Afr. ‘Austr. 418 ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i.

289; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 896.

Lions Head and Table oe wae

Burchell, Sil nee te tales a Dod, 3107! East side of Table

Mo ountain, near Tokay, Ecklon, Capetown, Harvey, 137! in and about Camps

» bales

686 GRAMINES (Stapf). | Melica.

Bay, dacag Dod, 3106! lower slopes of Smithwinkel Bay, Wolley Dod, 2977 |

Riversdale Div. ; near the - ~ melks River, Burchell, 6631! Uitenhage Div.

amo va daub on sand hills near the Ae sa River, Ecklon & Zeyher, 253!

n n forest on Olifants ‘Toek, Port Elizabeth td near ort

Elizabeth, Ecklon, E.S.C.A. Herb. a “Alexandr Div.; near Addo, in woods

and grassy places, 1000-2000 ft., Drege Alban nS Div. ; hood Page one,

1000-2000 ft., Drége! in the scrub near Brand Kraal, t., MacOwan,

1282! in woods near pen si River, MacOwan, 705! Prone Fisher | ! King

Williamstown Diy ola Mountains, Buchanan , 53! Komgha Div. ; near

Komgha, Flanagan, ‘gat Slieiae Div.; in nounts ain woods, by the sources

of the Kat River, a eae eat Cusemetiwt Div.; on rocks of

00 ft., Dré

CENTRAL REG1 Y Middelburg Div. ; between Compass Berg and Rhinoster

Bergen, 4500-5000 it, Drége.

Katanari REGION: oo Cooper, 335

Hastern Recion: Tembuland ; "Ba azeia, at ve Krantz, 2000 ft., Bawr, 410!

Griqualand East; moun are ies around Clydesdale, Tyson, 2863! Natal ;

Berea, near Durban by the roadside, Wood, 3926! Merebank, near Durban,

bok 7258! Vernon, Buchanan, 155! Weenen County, 4000 ft., Wood,

Very like the Mediterranean M. ciliata, but sige in the rough leaves,

the less acuminate upper glume and the more obtuse valve

M. ovalis (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 417); culms aoe from a

very slender, wiry base, simple, 2 ft. long, glabrous or ” slightly

belied below the panicle, otherwise smooth, man nen internodes

(except the lower) exserted ; leaves glabrous, aba; sheaths rather

tight, striate ; ligule up to *% lin. long ; blades ee acute, 3 2-3 in. by

4 “lin., con nvolute, rather rigid, e rect 5 supe linear, 2-5 in. long,

O48 in. long, pie flexuous, the ower ae thd

Consp. in. 4 ee

Coast Reaion; ne Div.; Stormberg Range, 5000-6000 fi., Drége!

rather rigid ; panicle reduced to a jones < 6-spiculate secund racem

1-14 lin. long ; ; pedicels erect, es curved; spikelets ie

22.3 lin. long, pallid; fertile florets 2; glumes subequal, bot

scarious, the lower ovate, acute, up to 2 lin. long, the upper ee

eT ee

Se ee ae

Oe ee Sa ee eS eee

a et a a i ld

IS OOO O_O OOO

Melica.] — GRAMINE® (Stapf). 687

acuminate, a longer ; valves equalling or slightly exceeding the

glumes, the fertile oblong, subobtuse, almost sm a on the back,

Baiey along t he sides lin. or slightl e long, innermost

side-nerves very faint, body barren gar ‘davies to oblong,

glabrous ; anthers over 2 lin. lon

Same REGION: hind! weak Div.; near Weltevrede, Drége, 752 in

one different plants have been distributed by Drage under the name of Melica

Caffrorwm Af decumbens (a). One, which is represented in Bentham’s herbarium

andin Dré erbarium, now in Li , Is Mf. Neesti, whilst the other,

represented in the ao herbarium, A wee mila Pi quotes under

lis var. heli oe . Cafrorum vie pecimens from the ——

between Gat and Bock P “Ge tort West Div.) a from

Stylkloof ( hoon any but, not fancies seen either, J do not eosen i f they

arr he o M. punila or M. Neesii. M. pumila differs rom M, racemosa mainly

n the habit. the inphaas stature, the short sookialy rough leaves and the

nadie smaller spikele

very scabrid all over ; sheaths very tight, striate; ligules 1 lin. long;

blades tightly convolute, ieee Soe subulate, acute, 1-2 in. long,

very rigid; panicle reduc e 4—7-spiculate secund raceme

(or the lowest ‘iit 2- #-picuate) 1-2 in. long, tips of —

pedicels thickened, pubescent; spikelets nodding, 4 lin. long, pallid ;

fertile florets 2; glumes very unequal, both subhyaline, the lower ovate,

acute, 2-22 lin. “long, the upper oblong, subacuminate, 4 lin. long ;

valves shorter than the glumes, the fertile oblong, obtuse or sub-

emarginate, 7-nerved, ‘iaiey ye iene body of barren valves clavate,

hairy ; ; anthers 3 lin. long Caffrorum, var. decumbens, Nees, Fl,

Afr. Austr. 418 (in part ?).

POS ais Reeion: Beaufort West Div.; near Weltevrede, Drége, 752 in

oe distinct from M. racemosa in the habit and in the valves, being hairy all

over, (See note under M. pumila.)

M. decumbens (Thunb. Prodr. 21); culms tufted, suberect or

ascending from a usually short (sometimes slender) base, 3-1} ft. long,

simple, scabrid, many-noded, internodes enclosed, except the upper-

most ; leaves somewhat crowded above the base, glabrous, very seabrid,

green. to glaueous ; sheaths rather tight, striate; ligules up to A

long ; blades linear, acute, 1-3 in “b 12 lin., usually convolute,

rather firm and rigid, sometimes almost pungent, strongly striate ;

panicle linear, secund, 11—4 in. long; branche s erect, 4-l-spiculate,

unequal, ovate-oblong to oblong, purple, rarely pallid, firmly

membranous, the lower broader, acute or subacute, pase, 3-4 lin.

688 GRAMINEE (Stapf). { Melica.

long, the upper acuminate, 7-nerved, 53-7 lin. long ; valves exeeeded

fea ee

y the upper glume, the fertile oblong, obtuse, 5 lin. long, scabrid

and strongly 7-nerved, hairy all over except at the hyaline ie ae hairs

very long; body of barren valves clavate, hairy; anthers 3

male Thunb. Fil. Cap. ed. Schult, 111; Kunth, Enum. Pl. i, S18,

on Web, M. dendroides, Lehm. Pugill. iii. 39; Nees in Linnea, vii.

337 ; Fi. Afr. Austr. 419; Kunth, Enum. Pl. i. 378; Steud. ‘Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 289; Durand é Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 898.

SoutH uote without Lrg rrongae gs erg!

Coast REG : Fort Bea t Div t Beaufort, Ecklon. pang

ee ; Bon “aot ve “Flats and near =the iain River, Ecklon. Finchams Nek,

r Queenstown, 3800 ft., Galpin, 2373! at the foot of the Stormberges,

teat Klass — River ur Storimbeng Saleh 4000-5000 ft., Dré

CENT RxEGion : Somerset Div. ; near Somerset, Bowker, 180 ! Gr: et Reinet

Div. rG maaff I Reinet, 3300 fe. grep 681! “Co le sberg Div.; near Colesberg,

haw; 12! ! per me Albert Diy. (2); 3; * Cis- -Garipina,” baie of the Cian River,

5000-6000 ft., Z,

KALAuaRi a. Orange Free State, Hutton!

This is according to Hutton the dronk grass’ the Boers, so-called on

account of the effect it has on cattle and horse es, making them stagger as if

intoxicated. Oxen are even said to die hess eating

Melica festucoides (Lichtenst. in Roem. & Schult. Ss ii. 580) probably does

not belong to this genus. Kunth suggests Ehrharta

LXXIV. LAMARCKIA, Moench.

Spikelets oe fascicled, in dense unilateral panicles;

ban deciduous, consisting usually of 5 spikelets, 2 of them

awned, 3 awnless, — many-valved, barren ; one of the awned

spikelets imperfect and paired with the lowest awnless spikelet, the

other fertile between the other 2 awnless spikelets. Fertile spikelet :

rhachilla slender, tough; florets 2, lower g, upper barren ; glumes

subequal, narrow, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, l-nerved, keele

lower valve ovate-oblong (linear-oblong in profile), rounded on the

back, thin, finely 5-nerved, awned from below the —_ awn fine,

straight, callus obseure; upper valve empty, minute, delicate,

l-nerved, awned at or below the middle; pale narrow, 2-keeled ;

reactants ot eager nerveless ; stamens 3 ; ae rs minute 5

truncate, eaitae 3-nerved, the upper ats cate. Grain tightly

embraced by the valve and pale, eikeaua to the inten, linear-oblong,

grooved ; embryo oblong, short; hilum linear, } the le ngth of the

grain.

Annual, small, glabrous; culms numerous; leaves flat; panicle very elega” t

Lamarckia,] GRAMINEE (Stapf). 689

igre 3 fascicles of. spikelets ebracteate, jointed on the branches, at length

eciduous, nodding ; fertile spikelet quite hidden by the awnless spikelets.

Species 1, Mediterranean, occasionally found as an alien in other countries.

1. L. aurea (Moench, Meth. 201); culms 1-3 ft. long, usually

with 1 or more intravaginal branches near the base, slender, smooth,

aaa rarely purplish or variegated; branches solitary or the

Owest 3-nate, flexuous, nodding; branchlets glabrous below, hispidu-

; g; awn 3-4 lin. long; anthers about + lin. long;

grain { lin. long; barren spikelets 2-4lin. long ; valves white, 1 lin.

. i. 889; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii.

432; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 300; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl.

» ee p. Plant. 73; Host, Gram.

Austr, iii, ¢. 4; Sibth. & Sm. Fl. Gree. i. t. 79. rysurus aureus,

a Agrost. 123. OC. cynosuroides, Pers. Syn. i. 80; Viv. Fl.

Coasr Region: Cape Div.; Simons Bay, Wright! among houses by the new

reservoir at Simons Town, Wolley Dod, 2950! Introduced.

Mediterranean countries from the Canaries to the Punjab and Abyssinia.

LXXV. CYNOSURDUS, Linn.

690 GRAMINER (Stapf). [ Cynosurus.

broader to ovate, closer to imbricate, all or at least the lower passing

into bristle-like awns.

1 or inna seantily fascicled to cwspitose ; a es — ise or less

faced; ‘Hpate hyaline ; gore pipioey Me ery dense, rarely 80 what loose, spike-

like capitate, peat nd fertile spi Wwaleta die: een ae ‘tha former

asd outside and more or Tad waneesilie the latter

Species 2 or 3, in the Mediterranean countries, 1 all over Europe.

1. C. echinatus (Linn. Sp. Plant. 72); annual ; culms ie az" or

solitary, erect or tee a and ascending, from a few inches to 2 ft

long, glabrous, 2—-6- noded, internodes more or less exserted ; pense

seaberulous to scabrid in the upper part ; panicle very dense, spike-

like, secund, obliquely globose to oblong, 1-22 in. long ; axis sulcate,

smooth ; branches and branchlets very short, much contracted,

granular or scaberulous, branchlets often bracteate ; spikelets fas-

cicled, heteromorphous, the iia fertile, the lateral barren, more

or less concealing the former; fertile spikelets more or less cuneate,

—6 lin. long, Soar cea 2 " rhachilla readily Saat atllasire, pro-

duced as a short bristle or ending with a rudimentary floret ; ‘elumes

equal, subulate-lanceolate, long and finely acuminate, 4—6 lin. long,

yaline, white, 1-nerved, scaberulous on the nerve and margins ;

valves lanceolate- oblong in profile, minutely 2-toothed or entire,

sed, grooved; barren spikelets broad- ‘obovate, 31-5 1 ons

rhachilla tough, granular-scabrid ; ; glumes and valves not cecal

like the supporting bracts subulate-lanceolate, long attenuate into

scabrid often purplish nage more or less spreading, rigidly mem-

branous, light green or rplish, decreasing and closer towards the

‘ st, Gram.

ii. 95 Engl. Bot. t. 1333; Kunth, Enum. i. 388; Steud. Syn. Pl.

ac ex Sisud. Nomenel. ed. ii. i. 465; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 439 ;

Boiss. Fl. Or. v ae 1; Durand . "Schinz, Le. Chrysurus echinatus,

Beauv. Agrost. 12

Coast Reaion: Swellendam District,” Mund.

Mediterranean countries, elsewhere introduced.

LXXVI. FINGERHUTHIA, Nees ex Lehm.

Spikelets strongly laterally compressed, in compact a

panicles, jointed on and deciduous from the pedicels ; rhachil

pelea

= ren

—

SNE eee PLE IME ee Py NEP, TAY EER I,m) ial oS a

deltas loa hide

ee ee ee

Fingerhuthia.] GRAMINEH (Stapf). 691

aps broad. Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3 Ovary ry clabrous,

slightly constricted below the apex (at least after fecundation) ;

styles distinct, rather long; stigmas ~~ slender, finely plumose,

subterminally eatenten Grain unknow

Perennial, czespitose ; innovation shoots intravaginal ; blades narrowly linear ;

ligule a dense tite of silky hai airs ; panicle compact, spike-like; the lowest spike-

lets barren, consisting of a few empty glum

: ee 2 in South Africa; 1 of which is also found on the Afghan-Indian

rontier

lume es long and softly ciliate along the keels and bate

argins, fin nely awned . (1) afric

ends rigidly ciliolate along the keels, mucronate ji) ninlarlidtaemtst

1. F. africana (Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1834 ; and in

Linnea, x. Litt.-Ber. 112) ; densely tufted, glabrous; culms slender,

about 1 ‘tt. long, erect, simple e, smooth, 2-noded, internodes exserted ;

sheaths glabrous, smooth, tight, the lower short, firm, whitish, per-

sistent ; blades linear, acute, -6 in. by 1-2 lin., flat or usually

convolute, eg below, finely scaberulous above, striate ; panicle

ellipsoid t > Ses 4-11 in, by 4-6 lin., sometimes purplish ;

spikelets 2-21 lin, Jo ong, 2—4-flowered ; glu nies linear-lanceolate in

profile, 11— 2 lin. long, long and softly ciliate along the keel and

upper margins ¢ ; awn fine, 1-13 lin. long; valves ovate-lanceolate i in

profile, abruptly mucronate, 2 lin. long, rather firm except at the hya-

line margin and obtuse tip, grooved below parallel to the keel, dead

hairy near the margin below the middle, 7—9-nerved, side-nerves

conniving and joining the middle nerve below the tip, the inner

; stigmas ‘lin.

373; Durand & Schinz, ‘Consp. Fi. Afr. v. 873 ; Aitch. in Journ

Linn. Soe. xix. pore F. ig ee Lehm. ex Nees, Fi. — Aus tr

136. F. ciliata , lic. F. affghanica, Boiss. FI. Or.

Hook. f. Fi. Brit, re ii. 306

Soorn Arrica: without precise pinata: Zeyher, rang

Coast Region: Be hynsdorp Div.; Attys, "4000 f , Schlechter, 8333!

in 2 asus. near the Gauritz River, fie 1000 ft., Ecklon.

Mai

EN 10N: Prince Albert Div.; Jackal mer ar Burke, 23! Zwa

bulletje, near the Gamka River, gone fa t., Dreg ? Graaff come ‘Dives

Mountain sides near Graaff Rein in Pig Bolus, b73! Ceres Div. ;

River, near Yuk River oogte, Bur 1, 1269! ! Breeerture Div. ; bet tween cs

River and Klein Quaggas Fontein, Durch 14

Western Recion: Little Namaqualan d : on ae near Noagas, North of

va Bpipecig eager 5 ft;, Drie.

RI Ree Griqualand West; Herbert Div., on the right bank of

se Vaal Seg i "tase a Dan, Burchell, 1745! and between the Vaal

DG Ae 2

692 ~— Grastven (Stapf). [ Pingerhuthia,

River and Lower Campbell, Burchell, 1788! Hay hg a Gri Ne Town,

Burchell, 1876! 1961/2! plains between Griqua Tow Witte Water,

Bur sy u, 19 yt hla ge Witte Water and Riet Fontein, gt 2009 ! and

plain the f ees Joe Asbestos Mountains, Burchell, 2086! Basutoland ;

Lain. Due ig

Also in tropical cece and on the Afghan-Indian frontier.

2. F. seslerieformis (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 138); culms very

densely tufted on a short oblique rhizome, glabrous, rather robust,

= ft. long, erect, smooth, 2-noded, internodes long exserted ;

Riles tapering to a subsetaceous point, 4~8 in. long, 14-24 lin. wide

when expanded, convolute, rarely flat, rigid, glaucous, smooth below,

finely scaberulous above, margins rough ; ‘panicle ellipsoid to cylindric,

4-21 in. by 5-6 lin., ‘sometimes purplish ; spikelets 2—4- flowered,

23-3 lin. long; glumes lanceolate in profile, mucronate-acuminate,

{-2 lin. long, rigidly ciliolate along the keel; valves oblong-

lanceolate in profile, mueronate-acuminate or the upper emucronate,

about 2 lin. long, rather firm exeept at the narrow hyaline margins,

glabrous or scantily and minutely hairy below towards the margins,

5—3-nerved, side-nerves rather close, more or less prominent (or the

inner evanescent below the middle or quite suppressed) joining the

middle nerve below the tip; lodicules obliquely eo 1 lin. long

anthers 11 lin. long; styles 4 lin. long; stigmas +} “lin. long.

Durand & ‘Schine, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 873.

Soura AFRIcA: jae aia? locality, Zeyher, 1785!

Coast Reaion: Alban .; Glenfillin B by a brook, below 1000 ft., Drege!

in swampy ag nea ni ra acy 2300 , MacOwan 19! Queenstown

Div.; Zwart bio Flats, 4000 ft., Drége! ans near ci acecatantt, 350)

Galpin, 2351

RAL Radon; Beaufort West Div.; Nieuw Veld, near Bok Poort,

» Drége. Richmond Div.; Winter Veld, between Nieuwjaars

Fontein and Bzels ‘Fontein 3000—4000 ft., Drége. Coles berg Div.; Wonder-

huivel, 4 , Dréy

ALAHARLI ab de Orange Free State, Hutton! Seven Fontein, Burke,

206! Winberg, Buchanan, 255 ! Transvaal ; Hooge Veld, between Trigards

Fontein and Standerton, Lamitpg 6751!

ar Region ; Natal; Weenen County, South Downs, 4000 ft., Wood,

LXXVII. SCHISMUS, Beauv.

pe tape laterally compressed, panicled ; rhachilla disarticulating

above the glumes and between the valves, slender, glabrous, Flor ets

ot, 2. the uppermost reduced. Glumes much longer ‘than the

single valves, acute, herbaceous on the pack with white subhyaline

margins, subequal, the lower broader, 5-7-nerved, the upper

aa ide Valves obliquely obovate ‘to meen ia in ee

2-lobed or 2-fid, with or without a mucro or a minute awn from t

sinus, thin, hairy below, rounded on the back, nerves 7-9, pss

the lateral evanescent and obscure ely anastomosing below tie

hyaline tips; callus small. Pales spathulate, 2-kceled pw the

broad top, longer or shorter than the valves, Lodicu’es 2, cune

S| ee Se a ee a ee a ee ee ee

Schismus.] GraMines (Stapf). 693

nerved, ciliate. Stamens 3. Ovary subglobose, ees styles

distinct, slender, about as long as the narrowly and sely plumose

laterally exserted stigmas, Grain loosely embraced ie the unaltered

vaive and pale, oblong to obovate, trigonous to plano-convex ; Sins:

small, elliptic, basal ; . “embryo less than } the length of the gra

ual, very rarely oh eng rather small; blades very narrow, often

mma ears reduced to a line of hairs; pan nicle contracted, or at least

narrow ; spikelets conspicuously well, only the upper florets exserted from the

glun

ie ae 4, in the Mediterranean Region from the Canaries to India, and

in South Afric

Anthers 3-2 lin. long, elliptic; valves ee or with

Spikelets narrow ; glumes thin, acute ss ee

nual, very rarely subperennia (1) fasciculatus.

peor slightly turgid ; glumes somewhat firm,

tuse ; ; perennial . (2) kelerioides.

gig in. long, linear ; glumes § somewhat frm

aps minutely awned. ... (8) aristulatus.

blades very narr ; inear, acute, 1-3 in. long, up to 2 lin. broad,

flat or setaceously eonvolute, filiform, flaccid or somewhat rigid and

curved, scaberulous or smooth ; panicle contracted, oblong, 5- “14 lin.

by 2-7 lin., dense, someti mueh reduced ; spikelets narrow,

22-381 lin. long, greenish, 6—8-flowered ; glu with rather broad

and marked w argins, the | oblong-lanceolate, acute,

5-T-nerved, 11-2 lin. long, the upper lanceolate, ac -

acuminate, 3-5-nerved, slightly longer; valves obliquely obovate-

oblong in profile, 7-1} lin. long, shortly an and subobtusely 2-lobed,

teading their valves ; anthe 11 Jin. long; grain globoss-dbeesal

to bovoid, 8 lin. lon Trin. aa Agrost. S. marginatus,

Beauv Agrost. in the index 177, and in the Expl. Pl. ¢ v.

1, t4 3 ees in Linnea, vii Sgt 1. Ajr. Austr. 421;

Kunth, Eni is 385 ; Suppl. 318, t. 28, fig. 2; Steud. Syn. Pl.

Glum., i. 295. 8S. brevifolius, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 422 ; Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum. i. 295. 8. calycinus, Duval-Jouve in Billot, Adnot.

285-290; Coss. in Coss. ¢ Dur. Expl. Scient. Alger. Phan, 138 ;

Acad. iii. 400. Keeleria calycina, DC. Fl. Frang. vi. 271. Electra

ealycina, Panz, in Muench. Denksehr. iv. (1813) 299, cum ic.

694 GRAMINEM (Stapf). [ Schismus.

agg (Stapf) ; ees and blades very — panicles linear, usually

spikelets very gnlany glumes narrower anc eae sscuminate enuis, Steud.

Syn. Pt. Glum. i. 295. 8S. s se pel s, Nee tl. Afr. Austr. 423 (in ¥ part).

8. calycinus, var. tenuis, Durar ag! Schinz, Danian, Fl. Afr. v. 907. Hemisacris

gonatodes, Steud. in Flora, 1829

VaR. 7, flaccidus ey: cas we 103 in. one blades up to 6 in, long, flaccid,

‘sidalie Ve to 1 lin. broad ; icles flaccid, flexuous, linear, 1— 3 in. long,

lax ; lower prenitilete sometimes u p ie Li in. long, : all fine ly ie erect or slightly

ene: ; spikelets as in the preceding var me or aaa lon

Var. 6, perennans aha Ok dwarf, 14- lon ie and innovation

hire ‘from a prt Sie rhizome- ae rere ie filiform, gee

lon rved, subrigid ; panicles contracted, ee to ovate, 4-3

i diame ; “eles as in nh type, but smuller in ¢ ull p

Coast REa@ion: Worcester Div.; roadside near Hex Ri ver East Station,

doth Bs 8705! Var aes a ed Div. ; Ebenezer, Drége / Uitenhage

r Uitenhage, Zev er! Var. y: Sw ellen dam Died 3 mountain ridges

ine the eter part of the Zonder Hinde River, Zeyher, 4579

CEN EGION: Beaufort West Div. ; on the Nieew Feld, near Bok Poo

: 0 , omerse ;

3500-424 ft., Drége ! Somerset Div.; near t, Bowker! Graaff Reine

Div. ; by the Sund near Graaff Reinet, 2500 Bolus, 461 partly !

738! Var. 8: Somerset Div.; Biesjes Fontein, near Loo oof, 2800 ft.,

MacOwan, 1611! Var.y: Somerset a 3 in woo ds nish ~ foot of the Bosch Berg,

t., MacOwen, 1495! Graaff Reinet Div mon on sandy ground on

eae bas one Graatf Reinet, 2500 ft, "Bolus ‘fer yoann the he ! naan

Div.; on the rocky hill at Dwaal River Poort, Burchell, 1483

at Ongeln ks River, Burchell, 1227! hee 6: Colesberg Div. ; Golesbot

Shar

eae iidi Reeion : Griqualand West, Mis. Barbe ;

WESTER Aevhibest Var. B: Little emaguata ear the erent a

River, 200 10-2500 , Drége! under shrubs Mieren — , 1000 ft.,

Drege! ! Seki dae Div. ; Zout River, 450 ft. Schlechter, 8 107!

L have very little doubt that these Meine are (with perhaps the a

the last) entirely dependent on the conditions of the habitat, and als

hr (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. = mg an nd. Bs scaberrimus (Nees, l.c. ee 80 aes as

on of

tha

The atin = by Nees for tl: atch 1

8. —Coast Region: Robertson Div. ; between Kochmans Kloof ant

Gantita River aun with the type, Ecklon.

us— = CEx mee Recion: Beaufort West Div.; between Ganze

Fonte cvig Bok Poo 00 ft., pra WesteRN Region: Little Namaqu

land ; Kamies Bergen, ‘3500 ft. , Drég : the

: . atte var, sauoodenvaik Recion: Richmond Div ; near r

oe Riv. Beas e. Western Reaton;: Little Namaqualand ; nea

orth on the Orange sheik Drége.

2. S. kelerioides (Stapf) ; subperennial ; innovation shoots and

culms in dense tufts, the latter 6—9 in. long, erect or suberect, veTy

slender, smooth, $8 noded, internodes exserted ; leaves glabrous;

lowermost sheaths rather firm, pallid, closely striate, the upper very

tight ; cilia of ligule over 2 Jin, Jon ng; blades fine, setaceously

in. lon :

erect, the longest up to } in., racemose or alm < so ; lateral sen

very short; spikelets seareely more than 2 lin. long, —

“Schism us. | GRAMINEA (Stapf). 695

“ ?

the upper oblanceolate, acute, 5-nerved, 2 lin. long; valves obliquely

oblong in profile, over 1 lin. long, shortly and acutely bifid, mucro-

nate, hairy all over below the broad hyaline sometimes purple tip ;

hairs long, very fine, acute; callus shortly bearded; pale equalling

the valves; anthers about 2 lin. long ; grain obovate-oblong, over

s lin, long.

Coast Reeton: Uitenhage Div.; near the mouth of the Zwartkops River,

«Ecklon §* Zeyher, 411!

3. S. aristulatus (Stapf); annual, in small dwarf tufts, scarcely

more than 1} in, high ; culms sheathed all along, overtopped by the —

glabrous leaves; basal sheaths thinly scarious, glistening, few-

nelved wit e blades reduced to bristles, the upper very tight,

suddenly contracted at the mouth ; ligule a ¢ rim; blades

upper broadly oblanceolate-oblong, acute, 5-nerved ; valves obliquely

oblong in profile, 13~12 lin. long, shortly and subacutely bifid, with

fine short bristle from the sinus (bristle twice to three times the

CENTRAL ReGion: Sutherland Div. ; between Kuilen Berg and Great Riet

River, Burchell, 1333!

The specimens represent probably a dwarfed state ; but they differ from all

other species of Schismus in the comparatively long linear anthers, and in the

Presence of a distinct (though very fine) awn. :

LXXVIILI. DACTYLIS, Linn.

the valves or quite tough. Florets 3-7, ¢, or the ppermost

tudimentary, exserted from the glumes. G/umes rigid, more

hyaline, strongly keeled, subequal or the lower shorter, gentle

Valves oblong, rigid, subherbaceous, mucronate or shortly aw “i

5-nerved, keele , keel ciliate ; callus 0 or obscut Pales slightly

Ovary glabrous ; st yles distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted.

Grain enclosed by the valve and pale, oblong, strongly convex on

696 GRAMINEE (Stapf). | [ Dactylis.

the back, grooved in front, somewhat soft; embryo rather small ;

hilum punctiform, basal.

Perennial, of varying habit ; blades flat ; ligules scarious ; clusters of spikelets

ompact in an interrupted or uninterrupted false spike, or at the end of the

branches or branchlets of a panicle.

Species about 3 (or 1, very polymorphic) in the temperate regions of the Old

World; introduced elsewhere.

1. D. glomerata (Linn. Sp. Plant. i. 71); tufted; rhizome

short, oblique ; culms shortly ascending, geniculate or erect, rather

robust, 1 to several feet high, simple, glabrous, smooth or slightly

leaves mostly crowded at the base, glabrous; sheaths tight, striate,

3 lin. long; blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 4-1 ft. long or

longer, 14-4 lin. broad, flat, flaccid, rough on the upper side es

long ; clusters erowded into a dense (usually lobed) terminal false

spike with or without 1-4 (rarely more) distant branches below it ;

these erect or spreading, straight or flexuous, terminated by similar

clusters or groups of clusters; axis, branches and branchlets scabrid

or pubescent in the upper part, the latter often minutely hispid or

ciliate ; spikelets oblong, 21-4 lin. long, light green, often concave

on the inner side; glumes 1-2 lin. long, glabrous to pubescent ;

muero or awn up to in. long; keels of pales ciliate; anthers

14-1} lin. long; grain 1-11 lin. long. Beauv. Agrost. 85, t. 17,

jig. 5; Fl. Dan. t. 743; Host, Gram. Austr. ii. 67, t.94; Engl Bot

. : 5 :

3385; Kunth, Enum. i. 386; Suppl. 320, t. 29, fig. 1; Reichb.

fe. Fl. Germ. i. t. 59, fig. 1523; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1. 297 ;

Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 904.

Coast ReG@ion: Cape Div. ; Herschel Lane, Wolley Dod, 1909!

A native of the temperate regions of the Old World ; introduced elsewhere.

LXXIX. SIIBURUS, Stapf.

(TripHuesia, Stapf.)

Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile or shortly pedicelled, in

spike-like eylindric panicles; rhachilla disarticulating above the

glumes and between the valves. Florets 4-5, ¢, the ape

i rie

NSS Rae, REEL PSS ete ern Ee ee Ee ee et eee A Te

Stabugais.] GRAMINEH (Stapf). 697

Perennial, Reito, blades very narrow, usually subsetaceous, ni ly ligule a

ciliate rim ; icle cylindric, dense, usually dark purple, greyish-villous

Species Li in jeiee tropical South Africa and in tropical Transvaal.

. §. alopecuroides (Stapf); densely cwspitose ; culms ereet,

3-1; ft. long, glabrous, simple, or branched at the base ; leaves all

sometimes flat and then up to 1 lin. broad, rather rigid; panicle

7-3 in. by 3-81 lin., sometimes interrupted at the base; branches

soli itary, adpressed to the rhachis; lowest 1 to almost 1 in. long,

divided from the base or nearly o se ikea pedicels unequal, mostly

7 e

reddish-brown. ‘featis hloa alopecuroides, Hack.

Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 393. Triphlebia alopecuroides, Stapf in ppc

Icon. Pl. t. 2612. Keleria Gerrardi, Munro ex Benth. in Benth.

§ Hook. Gen, me ili, 1184 (name only).

Katanart Reaion: Orange Free State; without firercomg + aa er, 723!

3352 | Sceuisal ‘Spitzko op Goldmine, Wilins, 1697! Lymklip t, Nelson,

52*! Steelport River, Nelson, 12* ! Houtbosch Berg, Nelson, 528

Eastern Reeion: Pondoland; Fakus Territory, Suielaed) piggies

ast ; grassy rocky places on the summit of Malowe Mountain, 6000 {t., Tys

2773! MacOwan & Bolu erb. Norm. Aust. Afr., 1217! —_ ie Mont

Tage see ep Beers Pas:

5993! Noods Berg, Wood, 884! Kar Kloo f, Rehmann, 7361! Um ek jai to gr

tng jk 166! 167! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 32! Gerrard,

LXXIX, bis. LASIOCHLOA, Kunth.

Spikelets 2-4-flowered, laterally more or less compress sed, sub-

sessile in a ere panicle; rhachilla tardily disarticulating above

the glumes and between the valves; florets hermaphrodite or the

ppe

subequal, firmly membranous except at the hyaline margins, acute

or acuminate or sometimes suulate-caudate, usually asymmetric,

S-nerved. Valves navicular, obtuse or acute, mucronulate, firmly

tembranous except at the thin margins “ tips, with a ookauie

line of acute hairs on each si e, 7-9 nerved, side-nerves conniving

above, evanescent below ; satel ’ obscure, glabrous Pales shorter

than the valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules ; truncate- cuneate, cane

ciliolate from articulated hairs. Stamens ‘ vary glabrous

styles short, distinet; stigmas moped ak plumose. Grai

mpressed ; sin beys small] ; hil um basal, m

Pere gees hid pap iet ; MES oe intravaginal ; ass or rigid and con-

volute ; hairy rim; pa a sme, aici, often lobed; spikelets

mostly’ nici fives tubercle-based hai

C98 GRAMINE® (Stapf). { Lasiochloa.

ieee 3 or 4, endemic.

“aes raga s long caudate-acumina (1) ciliaris.’

apes 1; glumes acutely or sales acuminate or

rea

Gl lumes sprog coarsely hispid .. (2) longifolia.

Glumes acute, iene and sain hispid o or almost

glabrous ... (3) obtusifolia.

1. L. ciliaris (Kanth, Rév. Gram, ii. 555, t in: ; annual, tufted,

6-8 in. high; culms geniculately ascending, slender, 3—4-noded,

glabrous, middle internodes exserted, the uppermost 1-2 usually

enclosed ; sheaths tight or the uppermost subtumid, glabrous and

smooth or hispid from fine tubercle-based hairs, bearded at the

mouth, striate ; a ia a long ciliate rim ; blades linear, tapering to

an acute oint, 1-24 in. by ie 13 lin., rather flaccid, flat or convolute,

hairy to ponent pabeleaonae: panicle ovate-oblong to oblong-

linear, sometimes lobe d, 3-11 in. by 4-5 lin., usually embraced at

the base by the 2 uppermost abo: branches branched from the

base, up to 1 in. long, rarely longer ; pedicels exeeely short, uP to

1 lin. long; spikelets broadly obovate, greenish, 2—4-flowered ;

florets much exceeded by the glumes, these ovate- lanceolate, Kabel

nate-acuminate, 2 lin. long, mucros mostly curved, $1} lin. long;

valves oblong-lanceolate in profile, acute, obtuse or subemargin: ate,

mucronate, Le we long, cilia short, rigid ; anthers 3_] lin. long ; grain

wer. 2 lin. by Llin. Kunth, Enum. i . 387; Nees, FI. Afr. Austr.

432 ; De Sf Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 902 (all in part).

L. adscendens, Kunth, le. 388 ; Nees, lc. 435. LZ. hispida, rar.

longifolia, Nees, l.c. 433 (in part). ZL utriculosa, Drege in Linnea,

xx. 255, non Nees. Alopecurus echinatus, Thunb. Prodr. 19 ; Fil.

Cap. ed. 3 398 ; ed. Schult, 105. Dactylis er Schrad. in

Schult. Syst. Mant. ii. 351; Nees in Linnea, vii. 323; Steud. Syn.

Pi bhoee BD. ciliaris, Nees in Snibing vil. 322, not Thunb.

fystringium acuminatum, Trin. ex Steud. Ni sani ed. ii. ii. 11.

Soutn AFrica : without precise locality, ete

v ReGion: iat ani Div.; Ebe tnd below ae Gs cal

Malmesbury Div.; between Greene Kloot be Sal nha Bay, 5 ege +

Cape Div.; Lion ‘isontane his 3 oe I ! near Lion Buttery, Wolley

Dod, 3109! Wynberg Park, Wolley 1 Dod, "Is15! Swellendam Div.; mountain

ridges along the lower part of Zonder Kin ide Rive er, Zeyher, 4588!

Nees indicates L. ciliaris also from Stellenbosch and Beare Div., and severi

more se the specimens quoted under L. hispida and L. adscendens also very —

ere,

L. longifolia (Kunth, Rév. ba ii. 557. t. 193); pie

cwespitose, with numerous sh ort- or long-leaved innovation shoots

culms geniculate or suberect, 1-11 "tt. long, glabrous, smooth, often

purple, almost wiry, 3-4-noded, internodes often long exserted ;

sheaths tight, glabrous, rarely scantily hairy, conspicuously bearded

at the mouth, often all round, the lowermost pallid, subpersistent ;

ligules a hairy rim blades linear, narrow, tapering to an acute

point, 6-12 in. by 3-1 lin. (when expanded), setaceously pape

flexuous, glabrous or sometimes more or less hairy, hairs fine é

ah a a a sid m a SS a ee, Fes ee SE EE PO eR ae —s

Lasiochloa. | GRAMINER (Stapf). 699

ing from minute or obscure tubereles ; panicle ovoid to oblong-

er lobed or interrupted, 1-4 in. by 6-12 lin.; rhachis and

nches smooth below, the latter branched from the base or the

or undivided for 2 2 lin. and to 1 in. long; pedicels very’short ;

spikelets obovate, greenish or purplish, 2-3- Accord: florets slightly

exceeded by the glumes, these ovate- lisiepolate in profile, cuspidate-

acuminate, 13-2 lin. long, hispid, tips tightly complicate, rigid,

ager purplish or brown; “valves lanceolate- -oblong in profile, acute

obtuse, often mucronulate, over 1 lin. long, cilia short, rigid;

he & lin. long ; grain not Lom lin. by less than 1 lin. Kunth,

Enum. i. 387 : Suppl. 321; ‘and § Schinz, eee Fl. Afr. v.

903. L. hispida, var. Fe ie Nees, Fl. Afr. 433 (excl.

subvar. condi saponin oe siti ee dongijolea, Schrad. in. ‘seu Mant. ii,

351; Nees in Linne ; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i

R. 8, hispida i culms Be . high, rarely taller, often eS geni-

; leave *s glabrous or hirsute ; blades short, 1—4 in. gad longer, fine or

ir i

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 434 ; _ nd § Schinz, Con: 1. Afr. v. 903. ispida,

Kunth, Enum. i. 38 3; Nee TL Afr. Avistes 132, epee hispida, Thunb.

rody. i. 22; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 115; Steud. in Flora, 1829, 490. . hirta,

Schrad. in Schult. Mant. ii. 350; Nees in eth vii. 822; Steud. Syn. Pl

Glum. i, 298, estuca melangea, Spi i. 352. Lappago setiformis,

Spreng., i setacea, Spreng. S Piloun At pme eng. ex Steud. Nomex icl.

ed. ii, ii. 11, 12,

Var. y, pallens (Stapf); culms }-1} ft. long, overtopped by the leaves;

blades as in the e type or rather, ‘fin ner ; eg ae lo bed or subinterrupted, pallid,

1-2 in. lon ng; tips of the glumes long, finely acuminate, hyaline, pa allid or purplish ;

tips of the ye als —— r, acute, hyaline. LL, hispida, var. longifolia, Nees,

PL. Afr. Austr. 433 (partly).

oo AFRICA: withont recise locality, Harvey, 258!

Coast Reaton: Cape Div. ; Cape Flats, qohesinne i MacOwan §

Boing: Hers. Norm. “Waist: Afr., 956! Herschel Lane, Wolley Ded, 1820! jocks to

the west of Lions ig Wo ley Dod, $678! plai in above Simone _— Milne, 254!

Di iltioray, 403! Paarl ni 5 Paarl — ins, Drég r. 8: Malmesbury

Div.; Sw rtland, Thunte Cape by a soit iit Simons Bay,

Milne, 250 | by the on aiade near To ra i *Wolley Do d, 1970! Lion Mountain,

Burchett, 118! Poppe! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holla nd, Ecklon, 956!

age Alexander ! be tomy By neat

iP bape i

a, 31! pe: 3

Smansdorp Diy mime River as Bolus, oat oy thurst Div.

— 1 hecpee teteeed Riet Fontein and the shore

Sing REGION; BAA he Sree Namal 5 etwas wie Fontein,

Koper Berg an ef Var. gi Ta _ Namaqualand ;

Woncisk Bergen, ckrwek Pedives Klock shy _ Fontein, Drége !

The varieties, admitted here, represe ably only two rather marked

States dui as it seems, to particular arene a the habitat.

3. L. obtusifolia (Nees, FI. Afr. Austr, 430); perennial, tufted ;

senor long runners and numerous innovation shoots ; culms 4-8 in

700 GRAMINEA (Stapf). [ Lasiochloa.

long, erect, glabrous, smooth, 2-noded, internodes exserted ; leaves

glabrous; sheaths tight, smooth, striate, sometimes scantily bearded

t mouths, the basal short, whitish; ligule a ciliolate rim;

blades very narrow, linear, with an obtuse callous point, 1-4

long, rigid, conv , those of the culms spreading or curved,

smooth, dark green; panicle spike-like, scarcely lobed, dense, ovate-

oblong to oblong, 4-1 in. by 4-7 li

subacute or submucronate, not quite 2 lin. long, cilia short and

rigid; anthers 1 lin. long; grain not quite 4 lin. long. Durand &

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 903. L. ovata, Nees, l.c. 481; Durand ¢

Schinz, le. Daetylis obtusifolia, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i298. D.

ovata, Steud. l.c.

Soutn AFrica: without precise locality, Herb. Harvey, 314!

st REeGion: Uitenhage Div.; in dry places and on limestone, near the

Zwartkops River, Drége.

Imperfeetly known species.

spikelets ovate, 11--12 lin. long, greenish, 3-flowered ; glumes ees

rather rigid, subulate-acuminate with the acumen reeurved, scabr)

setaceously mucronate, pubescent below with a submarginal line

fascicled clavate-tipped cilia, faintly 5-nerved in the upper part;

pales 3-4-toothed ; lodicules linear, glabrous, emarginate. Drege ™

Drége § Meyer, Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 197 ; Durand § Schan,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 904. L. ustuloides, Drege in Drege & Meyer, —

paige es Se Doeum. 92. Dactylis utriculosa, Steud. Syn. Pl.

m. 1. 299.

pe WeEstERN Recton: Little Namaqualand; on rocks in gorges near Noagas,

rege.

glumes

This description points rather to Brizopyrum, with the exception of oie

sO conspicuously exceeding the florets,

LXXX. UROCHLZANA, Nees. q

Spikelets few- to 7-flowered, in very short spike-like or capitulifor® |

panicles, laterally slightly compressed; rhachilla tough ; ie q

Urochlena. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 701

g, t upper gradually redueed. Glumes jue ovate-

oblong, rigidly aristate- acuminate, rounded the mem-

ranous, d5-nerved. Valves similar, 7- nerved, hace peri

. 0

distinct, very short; stigmas very slender, delicately plumose,

laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by fel oe altered valve and

pale, free, oblong, dorsally compressed, convex on the back, obscurely

concave in the front ; embryo elliptic, pene Sra about + of the grain ;

hilum elliptic, minute, basal.

rgb dwarf, glabrous, much branched from the base; panicle Ss compact,

ovoid, small, embraced Ae the base by the uppermost sheath and deciduous with it,

decirinul, rarely beep . itional somewhat remote as cluster of spi elets

elow it; bran short, 4—1-spiculat eae spikelets sessile or subsessile,

oblong to shiowate, ‘hispid: those at - base of the lower iranctinn 1-flowered or

barren, consisting of 2-4 empty glume

Species 1, endemic.

Nearest allied to Lasiochloa,

1. U. pusilla (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 438); culms 3-4 in. long, very

slender, smooth, about 8-noded, disarticulating below the uppermost

node ; middle internodes exserted, the upper ermost one short, quite en-

closed, the one preceding it longest ; sheaths loose, scantily bearded

at the mouth, smooth, striate; ligule a line of long and short hairs ;

blades linear, narrow, acute, 2-1 in g; panicles 2— ng ;

spikelets up to 2 lin. long; glumes 11-13 ong, margins finely

the middle nerve and both (or the exterior) margins, pat of hairs

clavate, awns 2 lin. long or shorter ; anthers lin ; grain

a-y lin. long. Steud. Syn, Pl. Glum. i. 299; Deuthes Pi sake

Icon. Pl. xiv. 46, t. 1363, fig. B; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

¥. BTS,

WesteRN ReGion: Vanrbynsdorp Div.; sand-hills near Ebenezer, Droge /

LXXXI. BRIZOPYRUM, Nees (in part, not of other authors).

Spikelets 4—9-flowered, more or sr smn compressed, subsessile

in contracted panicles or 2-ran pikes ; rhachilla tardily disar-

ticulating above the glumes mers eae "the valves. Florets .

ciliate along 2-3 short lines from clavate or acute hairs, rarely

glabrous, 7- ‘nerved, lateral nerves conniving above, rs aati below

702 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [Brizopyrum.

or altogether invisible except by transmitted light; callus obscure,

glabrous. Pales shorter than the valves, 2- keeled, keels sometimes

narrowly winged. Lodicules 2, truncate-cuneate, nerved, ciliate,

sometimes also papillose. Stamens 5. Ovary obovoid, obtuse, glab-

rous ; styles distinct, very short; stigma laterally oxserted, plumos e.

Grain enclosed by the seareely changed valve and pale, free, oblong,

semiterete ; hilum basal, minute ; embryo sma

erennial or ann nual ; innovations intravaginal ; blades flaccid or rigid, and

Reem ligules a hairy or ciliate rim ; panicles spike -like, or partly or wholly

transformed into ee eoacad spikes ; glames glabrous or hispid from

ubercle-based hai

Species 5, in extra- r= South Africa; 1 also in St. Helena.

Spikelets in spike- like ale ad : Bie nd the axis ;

‘ag ina

rarely unifo silty eee at ae base; authers + lin.

long or apie Ser n-3. : B. A Magra :

V oh cute cilia or brie tles ; spikelets

; ie i Biss agp 4-2 fin Slihiad

Snide a sul

Leaves v finely Most all — spike-

lets iy | lon gid; lower

glume and er es with Stitt tuber i

based bristles ; annu (1) ciliare.

Leaves agri (except wsaeesa a beard

at the mouth); spikelets about 2 lin.

ong, not tangid f g ge glabrous ;

valves with short fine rigid cilia :

Upper ip 2 Sheath rath exceeding

: base of the panicle ; anthers

2 ia oe ee ied bec (2) obliterum.

ieemeet sheath remote from the

ei anthers up to almost 1 lin.

... (8) glomeratum.

Valves with, g.- Seas tipped cilia along the

-lanceolate, acutely acuminate ... (4) acutifiorum.

lower clustered on very short branches ; valy

nely and uniformly ‘iillds near the base, varely

ziabrons, hairs clavate ; anthers ? lin. or m

ee and valves subcoriaceous, very obscurely

nerved ; esngns A often clustered near the

base ; leaves rigid es ... (5) capense.

hin sli ht

prominent in the cg part ; spikelets

pai 2-ranked ; leaves glaucous, not

grees loosely imbricate, 31-4 lin, long ;

es long, flaccid (6) alternans.

skit a tightly imbricate, 2-23 24 lin.

; leaves ... (7) brachystachyom.

B. ciliare (Stapf in Hook. Icon, PI. t. 2602) ; annual, ie

culms geniculate, suberect or ascending, very slender, 4-6 in, long,

Pe ae ee Te eT ee ee

ee eee

Brizopyrum.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 703

glabrous, smooth, 2~3-noded, sheathed all along or 1-2 petit

internodes slightly exserted; leaves very finely hirsute all over ;

uppermost much exceeding the panicle; panicle spike-like, oblong,

very dense, sometimes lobed, 4-9 lin. by 2-3 lin,; rhachis and

branches terete, smooth, the latter very short ; pedicels up to 2 lin,

long ; spikelets very crowded, very broad, ovate, turgid, 11-12 lin.

long, 3~6-flowered ; glumes broad, ovate, acute to subacute, up to

1 lin. long, faintly 5- -nerved, white margins very broad; lower glume

with stiff “tubercle- based bristles on the Warhiseaods back, upper almost

scantily and minutely ciliolate ; anthers 4 lin. long. ea

aie Thunb. Prodr. 22; Fl. Cap. ed. i. 429 ; ed. Schult. 115 (not

Nees in Linnea, vii. 322).

Sourn AFRica : without precise locality, Thunberg!

y distinct yas quite different from Lasiochloa ciliaris (p. Athy —

oh (Ren, Bpdiai . 556) took to be paring, 2 Dactylis ciliaris on

authority of a specimen so named in the Berlin Herbarium. He repe: sated ve

error later (Braue i, 387) and was followed ay Nees (Fl. Afr, Austr. 432).

2. B. obliterum setae ae tufted with numerous closely

sheathed innovation shoots 2-6 in. long; culms geniculately ascend-

ng or prostrate, cette glabrous, smooth, 2-3- gre internodes

serted except the uppermost; sheaths rather tigh seg (7a

the upper 1 cr 2 usually exceeding "the base “the panicle ; ligule a

ciliclate rim ; blades ins narrow, more or oe setaceous wit a sub-

dark green, often spreading 3 panicle eke -like, linear- oblong, 4-1 in.

by 2-3 lin. ; rhachis and branches terete, scaberulous, the latter very

short ; pedicels up to + lin. long, rarely more; spikelets crowded,

elliptic, up to 2 lin. long, greenish, 3~6-flowered ; glumes ovate,

acute or subac a prominent 3- ay ache not on }

emarginate, 1 lin. long ; Hag scabrid ; lodienica scantily papillose ;

anthers 2 lin, long; grain 3 by 4 lin, Demazeria oblitera, Hems!.

in Chall. Exped. Bot. i. ii. 90, t. 51, fig. 1-8; Stan d §& Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 900.

} Var. 8, erectum (S:apf); culms erect or suberect, 6-7 in. long; blades 24-4} in.

ong.

704 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Brizopyrum.

Coast REGIoN: Swellendam Div.; near Swellendam, Zeyher, 4589! Var. B:

Mossel Bay Div.; between Great Brak River and Little Brak River, Burchell,

Alen in St. Hel

a specics is icaiietike between rae te and Briz aopyrum. I Rscabiy

placed it in the latter genus on account of the flore

Burchell’s specimens oe more the habit of B. dione atum, but the spikelets

are exactly as in B, obliterun

B. glomeratum (Stapf in Hook. Ieon. Pl. t. 2603) ; perennial,

tufted, with numerous ~~ sheathed intravaginal innovation

shoots, ae to 1 ft. high; culms geniculate, su erect, very slender,

glabrous, 2 —4-noded, internodes exserted; sheaths tight, quite glab-

rous, lower short, whitish, rather firm; ligule a minutely ciliolate

rim ; blades subsetaceous with an obtuse callous point, 2 to more than

6 in. long, glabrous ; geo spike-like, linear- oblong, slightly lobed

or subinterrupte ed, 1-11 in. by 3-4 lin.; rhachis and branches terete,

seaberulous to hispidulous, the latter very short like the pedicels ;

spikelets very crowded, broad, ovate to elliptic, about 2 lin. long,

greenish, 3—6-flowered ; nian” ovate, acute to subacuminate, about

12 lin, long, glabrous, 3-5 -nerved, nerves rather close to the scabrid

keel, aint, margins very bro ad, white; valves ovate in profile,

usually abruptly mucronate, slightly over 1- 12 lin. long, rather firm,

with lines of fine rigid pointed hairs along the margins and keel or

hairy all over to the middle, nerves fine ; ‘pales broad, obtuse, 1 roa

long, keels ciliate below, scabrid above ; anthers almost 1 lin. lon

Poa glomerata, Thunb. fou ar. 22:3 #1. ’ Cap. ed. i. 423; ed. Sebuit

Souta Laney : without precise locality, Thunberg !

Nees, who had not seen Thunberg’s type of Poa glomei — referred it (Fl. Afr.

Austr. iy erroneously to Tetrachne Dregei—a mistake which passed into other

Lys be - Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 299 and Durand § Shine, Consp. Fl. Afr.

fs acutiflorum (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 371) ; perennial, tufted

with short-leaved eg ng ie shoots, glabrous ; culms slen er, genicu-

late, suberect, 1—1 ong, smooth, 4—5-noded, lower internodes

exserted, the th aatoel enclosed ; sheaths tight, striate, the upper-

nod exceeding the bases of shy paniele ; ligule a ciliolate rim ; blades

n expanded, often ietadediitty convolute, rather rigid, exngotlt

below, scaberulous above ; panicle spike-like, sb ote dense, 2—2 in

by 2-3 lin., greenish to straw-coloured, with some smaller additional

clusters from the sides of the uppe’ ermost 1 or 2 internodes; the

rhachis and the very short branches scabrid ; pedicels to } lin. long;

spikelets imbricate, oblong, acute, 2-21 lin . long, 5-8-flowered ;

glumes ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 12 lin. ‘long or slightly

more, glabrous, 4—5-n erved, nerves close to the keel, “sides thinly

membranous ; ‘valves lanceolate in sete, mucronate-acuminate,

nerves rather distinct above the middle, with a short line of

clavate cilia along the keel and near the margins from the base to

Brizopyrum.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 705

, way up the valve; pales broad, 1 lin, ong keels obscurely

ving poahices lous; lodicules papillose and w a few cilia;

ant —4 lin. long; grain over 2 lin. by } lin, ape Syn. Pl.

7 a i "281. Des smazeria acutiflora, Durand Y Schinz, Consp. Fi.

Afr. v. 900.

Var. 8, eapillare (Nees, as ; culms 3-12 in. long ; blades capillary, with

scattered spreading long hairs

rag 4st Reeion: Vanek) mad. a sand-hills near Ebenezer, below 500 ft.,

‘ége ! Soe A Div.; Piqu ¢ Ran nge, near Groen Vallei, below 1090 ft.,

Drive ‘eye! Var Di Ve be ee Point and on the me beyond Sea Point,

/ . B: Cape

<ape Watt 2y Dod, 3569 !

B. daonian (Trin. in tee Acad. St. Pétersb. sér. 6, iv. (1838),

and in Gram. Gen. Sup 54); rata, usually quite glabrous ;

innovation shoots from re axils of s firm abal sealea, erect or

firm, smooth, 3—4-noded, internodes at length exserted ; leaves glab-

tous, rarely sparingly to copicusly hirsute from tubercle-based hairs ; ;

sheaths tight, smooth, sometimes bearded at the mouth; ligule a

very dense line of fine ae: blades very narrow, linear, ‘acate,

convolute, 3-10 in. by 1 lin. when expanded, firm, flexuous,

smooth or obscurely scaberulous and strongly nerved above ; panicle

spike-like, very shortly branched below, reduced to a bifarious

seabrid ; spikelets imbricate, in on or the ranks

conniving in front, 3-43 lin. long, ovate, 5—9-flowered, pallid or

variegated with purple ; glumes ovate to ovate-lanceolate in profile,

acuminate, 2-3 lin. long, firmly chartaceous, 5- to sub-7-nerved,

glabrous or with a few tubercle-based bristles, the scarious margins

broad, finely scaberulous; valves obliquely oblong or subovate in

profile, shortly or obscurely and obtusely acuminate, usually finely

ome base, with clavate-tipped hairs, rarely quite

glabrous, subcoriaceous except at the narrow scarious margins, nerves

Searcely visible except in transmitted light; pales 2-toothed, 2 lin.

fe)

fee)

ong; flaps glabrous or hairy; keels ringed, ciliolate; lodicules

ciliate ; anthers 1 lin. lon g. Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 372 (exel. var. B) ;

Steud. ‘Syn. Pl. Glum.i. 281. C ynosurus Vaiolee, ‘Linn. JF. Suppl. 110;

Thunb. Prodv. 23; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 119; Nees in Linnea, Vii.

27. C. paniculatus, coe Le. ; Kunth, Baum. i. 389; Durand &

Schinz, Cunsp. Fl. Afr. v. 906. “Triticum capense, Spreng. Pugill.

li. 23. Briza act hb ‘Steud. in Flora, 1829, 489. B. Uniole,

Nees ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 283. Poa Uniole, Schrad. in

Goett. Gel. Anz. 1821, 2074, ond in See Mant. ii. 312; Kunth,

are. i. 34h. FP, papillosa, Schrad, lc., and in Schult. Mant.

; Kunth, lc. Uniola capensis, Trin. in Mém. Acad. St. Pétersh.

sr, ‘6, i. (1831) 360, and in Gram. Gen

Var. 8, villosum (Stapf) ;. leaves densely villous all along; blades Ry to more

Vil,

706 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Brizopyrum.

than 1 lin. broad ; panicle reduced ac a one-sided, 2-ranked, usually simple spike ;

-glumes hairy ; hairs fine , long, flex

estat igbanes without precise testy, recta 5

illiam Div.; Ceder

<a ation: Clanw g Range, on sandy flats,

Eeihank, Dre ége. Cape Div. ra ble of Teeny "Eek klon 960! 1 lac geen 4 peel

Herb. Nor wn, Aust. Afr; 794! seg ais ray, 394! Mil ne, 245: between Cape-

town and Table Mountain, Burchell, 29 ! r Capetown, Harver 3! ‘Burchell,

491! Dido Valley, ee Dod, 2829! 2904! Lion Mountain, 0, Dit eye, 33! Devils

Mountain, Ecklon, Vilas 875! 3877! near Constantia, Eckl Simons Bay,

Wright! Paa rl Div. ; in hae men by the Ber a Rives near * Pad. Drege!

Paarl Mountain, 1000-15 00 ft., Drége. Tulbagh Div.; top of Winterhoek

Mountain, 5000 ft., Ecklon, Patbagh Waterfall, Ecklon. oo Div.; Hex

River Mpa b at Els Kloof, Woll ey Dod, 8711! Swellen and George

Distr.,” Mund S§* Maire ! Swelle ndam Div. ; Zonder Kinde hoe pe Rivers-

dale ie, ead Vals River, Burchell, 6546 | between oth t Vals River and

Zoetemelks River, Burchell, 6563 ! Oudt mpaes Div. ; Can ae ni § Mat os

rp a Bay Div.; between Duyker River and Ga uritz i beh dag 6403

Port Elizabeth Div. lizabet h, 195

Zuur Berg, ses ft., reed 2701! Yon 'B: Cap e Die ; near fe rae

Wolley on 3110!

V’s 6516, Bolus’ Ces and Zeyher’s specimens from Koegas Kop, h

dere speating bla se ae n. long) sal “ gh ly differ je habitat, but ony

are cted vy he typi al long-lea by C. Wright’s and one of

Mund & & Maire" 8 pric aan that I consider fetig big as a Pe occurring in dry

stati

hage Div. Wit sea Rael tet Maeda oe Koegus pn Zeghe

; E S.C.A

6. B. alternans (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 369); perennial; innova-

tion shoots long-leaved ; culms simple, ascending, ig 2 1 ft. long,

slender, about 4. noded, internodes shortly exserted ; ves more OF

less spreadingly villous all over with fine tubercle- “ane ae sheaths

tight except the lower, striate; ligule. a line of long stiff hairs ;

biseriate, ovate, 34—4 e long, pallid, 4- Dhieored: glumes aes

cutely_ or cuspidately acuminate, 3-33

ae scaberulous ; lodicules ciliate; grain not quite } lin. by 3 oar

Steud, Syn. Pl. Glum. i. eae Desmazeria alternans, Durand $

Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

Coast REGION: Wopsites bat Datoits Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Drege!

The narrow lobes on se angles of the rhachis have been erfoneously =

scribed as bracts by Nees. I suspect they are the product of some abnormal

piece

Brizopyrwm. | GRAMINE# (Stapf). _ 707

7. B. brachystachyum (Stapf) ; perennial, tufted, with numerous

short-leaved innovation shoots; culms very slender, geniculately

ascending or prostrate at the base, 6-8 in. long, branehed from the

base, alabrou us, smooth, 4-—5-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths

rather thin, the lower short, somewhat looser, pallid, strongly striate,

hirsute from tubercle- based hairs, the upper tight, glabrescent or

glabrous, smooth; ligule a line of hairs; blades linear, obtusely

pointed, 1—12 in. b ‘ lin., more or less involute, glaucous, strongly

=>]

La j

(aS)

ion

ge]

E=*)

‘

fas)

aes

ie”)

—

finely tomentose from the middle downwards with clavate- tipped

minute hairs, upper glabrescent to glabrous, ahh hia nee prominent

above ; pales slightly tomentose on the back, 1 lin. long; keels ob-

seurely winged; lodicules ciliate; anthers 1 in long ; i i

3 lin. B. capense, var. brachystachyum, Nees, FI. Afr. ‘Austr. 373.

Coast REGION: yaaa Div.; on moor-like ground, in Dutoits Kloof,

2500-3500 ft., Dreg sa Theat bat f.

Very distinct Sie B. capense by having much weaker shoots and culms,

thinner sheaths, short glaucous scarcely rigid blades and anne ype" and

ae elets, I have referred Schrader’s Poa papillosa to nse, and not

bra get sls cies because Sohradet describes his teats a4 “hate erect

palo and rigid filiform leaves.

LXXXII. BRIZA, Linn.

Spikelets many-flowered, laterally eg dior panicled ;

dioeticclaton above the glumes and between the valves

hermaphrodite, the upper ~oradually lait, Glumes scarious or

firmly membranous, keeled or boat-shaped or saecate with the back

rounded, persistent, 3- to sub-7-nerved, subequal, Valves close,

firmly membranous with scarious margins or almost wholly scarious,

keeled or boat-shaped or saceate with the back rounded, praie a

subacuminate or subaristate, 7—9-nerved, outer 3 or i

rely 5-nerved, with the tide.

rhachilla

“riage keels often winged. Lodicules 2, obliquely ovate , hyaline,

fleshy the base. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles short,

rei stigmas very slender, loosely Cece laterally exserted.

Grain tightly embraced by the hardened back of the vais. and the

pale, usually adherent to the latter, aE to -convex,

usually dorsally compressed ; hilum basal, small, elliptic, ‘ébloas or

linear ; embryo small. :

£23

708 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Briza.

Annual or perennial ; blades flat and rather broad, or convolute and narrow ;

ligules hyaline; panicle effase with capillary braneliets and pedicels and nodding

sata sometimes reduced to a raceme, or straight, contracted or almost spici-

Species about 11; 4 mainly in the Mediterranean region, of which 2 have been

introduced into various wi pli countries, 1 all over temperate Europe and

the rest in South Amer

unas Yin Tote ac. ie ae ye ee

Spikelets 14-2 lin. ie nae as Any ee ... (2) minor.

1. B. maxima (Linn. Sp. PI. 70); annual, glabrous (except the

spikelets) ; culms fascicled, geniculate, 1-2 ft. long, smooth, 2-4-

noded ; internodes exsert ted, a t least ultimately ; sheaths rather loose,

smooth, the lower thin and ‘eohactly nerved ; ligules oblong, up to

1-21 lin. long ; blades linear, acute or long tapering to a fine ’ point,

usually 3-6 in. by 2-3 lin., sometimes much shorter and narrower,

flat, flaccid, slightly scabrid or almost smooth ; paniele oblong,

nodding, secund, lax, sparingly branehed or reduced to a 6~2- spiculate

raceme or a solitary spikelet, 1-3 in. long ; rhachis filiform, flexuous,

seabrid or smooth below; branches distant, usually solitary, simple,

bifid or distantly branched from near the base, subcapillary, seabrid,

the lowest up to 2 in. long; pedicels 3-10 lin. long, smooth above ;

spikelets nodding, ovate, 5-8 lin. by 4- é lin., 7—17-flowered,

scarious, straw-coloured to ‘purple ; glumes very broadly- -ovate, obtuse,

sub-7- to sub-9-nerved, lower icut 21 lin. long, upper slightly

longer; valves very close, ais broadly cordate- ovate, shortly and

obtusely a acuminate, 3-32 ong, lower glabrous or finely

bescent near the base bee clavaae -tipped hairs, upper silky-

pubescent, all 7—9-nerved, side-nerves joining at the base, hyaline

margins broad; pales b roadly obovate, almost 2 lin. long, winged,

wings ‘eee n ciliolate ; lodieules up to 2 lin. long ; anthers up to

0 lin, long int e lower flowers, Tach smaller in the upper? ;

grain Ant ipe obovate, convexo-concave, over Mi ae 1. b ie din.

Trin. in Mém. Acad. St. Pétersh. sér. 6 (1831) 362, and in

Gram. Gen. 362; Nees in Linnea, vii. 326; "Kunth, Eauin: i, 371;

Nees, Fl, Afr. y ree 415; — Syn. Pl Glam i‘ 283; Durand

& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

SourH pian. without preter st stoning

Coast Reet Cape Div ear Capetown, Drége? Burchell, 95! Sea

Point, Wilms 3894 ! Table fet area Ecklon Mtied, 243! MacGillivray. 399!

Mudd! Constantia, Ecklon, the railway, near Rondebosch, Wolley Dod,

! Paa

1 Gilli : moist meadows, PE

Paarl, 400-1000 ft., Drége! Tulbagh nbn near Tulbagh Waterfall, Tulbagh

loof, &e., Ecklon §° Zeyher! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottentots Holland, Ecklon.

Riversdale ee Great Vals River, Burchell 6541! between Zoetemelks River

t River, Burchell, 6840! Port Elizabeth Div. ; along the cost,

E.S.C.A. ae dof 148! Albany Div. ; 3 near Grahamstown, MacOwan ! uxt vies

Bathurst Div. ; ’Port Alfred, Hutton

Mediterranean region ; introduced into the Cape and Australia,

Tirert st erte

oe Tatas eetegae ‘

Briza. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 709

4:3. or (Linn. Sp. Pl. 70); annual, glabrous ; culms tufted,

seniculate, }—2 ft. long, smooth or somewhat rough above, 2-3-noded ;

internodes exserted, at least ultimately; sheaths loose, smooth, the

lower thin, striate; ligules oblong, 2-3 lin. long; blades linear to

lanceolate-linear, acute, 2-8 in. by 3-41 lin., flat, flaccid, more or

less scabrid or almost smooth ; panicle broadly obovate, 2-4 in. long

and almost as broad, erect, lax, rather divaricate; rhachis slender,

straight ; branches ge eminate, distantly and repeatedly tri- or di- cho-

tomously branched, seabrid, ‘filiform ‘to eapillary, the lowest up to

3 in. long; pedicels 6-2 lin, long, finely capillary, smooth above ;

pleats triangular to ovate, very obtuse, often broader than long,

1)-2 lin. long, 4-7-flowered, nodding, green, rarely purplish below ;

glumes thinly scarious, orzo spreading, subequal, obtuse or

subacute, 3-nerved, 1-11 lin. long; valves very close, very broadly

cordate-ovate, very obtuse with the tips often inflexed, very gibbous

below, 1— lj: lin. long, glabrous, 7-nerved, the side-nerves joining at

o> oa

the base, hyaline margins very broad ; pales elliptic, scarcely 3 lin.

= lin. long; anthers almost 3 lin. long in the er florets, much

smaller in the upper ; grain shortly oblong, ea ali pion, coneave

or B. Spe 13; He broadly nig: 3 lin. long. Berg. Dese "> Pl, Cap.

oo Cram — vite 98 ; Sibth. § Sm. Fl. Gree.i.

31 = n

Reichb. Ic. Fl, Germ. ist. 92 ; Steud, Sy on PL Glum. i. 289 ; Baker,

Fl. Maurit. 457; Duwi and § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 900.

B. deltoidea, Burm. Fl. Cap. Prodr. 3. B. virens, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.

ii, 103; Steud. in Flora, 1829, 490; Kunth, Enum. i, 372; Nees

in Linnea, vii. 326; Ft, Afr. Austr. 414 (non Trin.

da H AFRICA: without precise bmeed! Rohan berg!

Coa ——- on: Clanwilliam Div e Olifants River, £cklon. Mienagin toes

dorp Div, ; Gift Berg, 1500-2000 ft, pe vege. Cape Div. ; common nea =

i. Pappe: ! Table Mountain, Ecklon ; Mud ! Devils Mountain and So

Ecklon, Simons s Bay, MacGilivray, 400! Wright! near Westerford, Woltey

Dod, 1904! Paarl Div.; Paarl Mountains, by streamlets, 1000-1500 fi., Drege.

Tulbagh Div. ; s Talbogh Kloof, Ecklon ¥ Le yher ‘Eecuu Div.; Great Vals

- River, Burchel 6540! hills near the sara River, Burchell, 6751!

lv.3; near Coldspring, Fanaa yan, 777!

Mediterranean regions ; introduced into many parts of the world.

Uitenhage Div. : cultivated ground, by the Zwartkops River, Ecklon. Albany

ne ly known species.

3. B. spicata (Burm. Fl. Cap. Prodr. 3, not Sibth. & Sm.) is

Possibly Brizopyrum pas

LXXXIII. TETRACHNE, Nees.

Spikelets laterally compressed, awnless, <cagee imbricate, biseriate,

sessile, unilateral on the flattened rhachis of a compound spike,

joi inted on and ‘falling entire from it, uppermost terminal ; rhachilla

710 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Tetrachne.

tough or tardily disarticulating between the fertile valves. lorets

5-6, owest 2 reduced to barren valves, remainder ¢ or the upper-

most reduced. Glumes thin, acute, -nerved, keeled, keel narrowly

winged. Empty valves very similar to the glumes ; fertile valves

rather firm, subobtuse, 5-nerved, keeled, keel winged. Pales slightly

shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, keels winged. Lodicules 2,

cuneate, fleshy, nerved. Ovary glabrous ; styles dis-

tinct, much shorter ae the laterally exserted eee styles. Grain

loosely enclosed by the valve and pale, oblong, subterete ; embryo

large ; hilum les baie :

iss)

Perennial, tufted ; blades convolute, rigid; spikes arranged in an uninterrupted

spike.

Species 1, endemic.

1. T. Dregei (Nees, FJ. Afr. Austr. 376); barren and flowering

nodes none or Pas exserted, or enclosed except the uppermost ;

dheathe tight, firm, glabrous except at the finely ciliate margins and

mouths, smooth ; ligule a dense fringe of hairs; blades narrow,

linear, ge setaceously convolute, 2-5 in. by 2 lin. ie en

scabrid ; partial sy 41-1 in. oe erect or ciaicer

slightly curved ; secondary thachis glabrous, ciliate or hairy along

the margins ; spikelets about 2 2 lin, long, light to dark olive-grey 5

glumes and empty valves 14 to almost 2 lin. long; fertile valves

: lin. long ; anthers *-1 lin. long; grain rather over 1 lin. long;

mbryo 2 lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 299; Durand & ee

Coa nsp. Fl, Afr. v. 865. Poa pe Thunb. Prodr. 22;

Cap. ed. Schult. i. 113; Kunth, Enum. i

Coast REGION £ Gaitaeowe Div.; by the Kippot River, near Shiloh,

3500 ft., Drége! pont t Kei River, 4000 ft., Dre:

CentRat Recion : Col esberg Div. ; \ Wosterlanval 4000-5000 ft., Drége. Coles-

berg, Shaw, 17! Graaff Reinet Div.4 Sneeuw Berg eae _3800 ft., Bolus,

1802! between Compass Berg and Rhenoster Berg, 5000— ., Drege. Al

Div., Cooper, 1368! “Cis "Gariniea.” Zeyher! Aliw: al Y North Div. ; Witte

Berge n, 4300-5000 ft., Drege.

Ear. wart Region: ir Div.; by the Orange River, near Hopetown,

Burchell, 2667!

LXXXIV. < pt eienonet Sept

Entoplocamia.] GRAMINE® (Stapf). 711

subrecurved tips, thin below, prominently 9-ll-nerved above

keeled ; callus 0, Pales as long as the valves, 2-toothed, 2- keeled,

keels winged with a tuft of long dates wool from the inner base of

the broad flaps. Lodicules 0. Ovary glabrous; styles connate at

laterally flattened ; pericarp thin, loose ; embryo } as long as the

grain or less ; hilum punetiform, basal.

Per nial ; blades linear, flat or involute; ligule a hairy rim; spikelets

dati or in clusters or secondary spikes of few to 9s spikelets on the i of a

simple or compound spike, the lowest of a cluster often smaller or bar

Species 1, in Hereroland and Namaqualand,

. E. aristulata (Stapf) ; — culms erect, 1-2 ft. long, glab-

tous, smooth, 2—3-noded; internodes exserted ; stiéathe glabrous

except fora beard at the mouth, side: lowest keeled ; blades linear,

tapering to a setaceous point, 3-6 in. by 1-12 lin. long, flat or rolled

in when dry, glaucous, finely puberulous or pation on both sides,

or with scattered long hairs towards the 3 spike 2-3 in. long ;

longest branches up to 8-9 lin. long, bidders, broad, more or less

onan like the rhachis scabrid to hispid along the angles ; spikelets

ate, 41-8 lin. long, 4—5 lin. broad ; glumes lanceolate, lower 2 lin,

Ae upper broader and over 2+ lin. long, keels ecg a

long, whitish below, dark grey and punctate upwards, nerves curved

and conn niving above, stout, margins very narrow and “cilia ate above,

broad and ciliate at the base ; pales oblong, white and hyaline except

at the green tips, keel-wings ciliate, flaps long ciliate along the

margins, almost glabrous on the faces, with a tuft of long wool at the

inner base, hairs up to 2 lin. long; filaments 4~43 lin. long ; anthers

ey lin. long ; styles over 3 lin. long; stigmas ‘almost 2 lin. long ;

grain broad, oblong, truncate, more than 1 lin. long; seed brown,

* gain re Tetrachne aristulata, Hack. § Rendle in Journ.

Bot.

nite Region: Little Namaqualand; Ookiep, Scully’

Also in Hereroland (Dinter, 10!).

LXXXVI. POA, Linn.

Spikelets mostly 2—6-flowered, in loose or close (rarely in spike-like)

a ag i sah si apa above the glumes and between th

va ntily and minutely hairy; read ‘iseinsgliaaidihe

or the up er faiparok Glumes thin, membranous, keeled, acute or

obtuse, [-3-nerved. Valves membranous, sometimes rather rm,

ss or acute, 5-7 -nerved ; callus ene: — often ey a tuft

more or less 2-lobed. segs ee ce short,

free ; stigmas plumose, inurellg: exserted. ’ Grate ovoid, oblong or

712 GraMines (Stapf). [ Poa.

linear, often grooved, free or adherent to the pale; hilum puncti-

form, ‘basal ; ; embryo small.

Annual or perennial ; blades flat and flaccid or conyolute and more or ieee

rigid ; rites s hyaline ; As open, often effuse, rarely contracted, spike-like

ni rather small, awnles:

umerous species in the eesti regions, particularly of the northern

ed Sarin few in the tropics

Perennial ; anthers 1 lin. or more lon

Low sin engine ae ag at the “oa, og ee a

r less distin ulb ; innov. n blades

tally = nely filiform ; ee, very often

... (1) bulbosa.

iinet given not thickened at the b: nse ; blades

not finely filiform

Valves cancciail by long, often copious

Spikelets 24-3 lin. long, elegantly varie-

gated, 2-6 on 2-nate smooth

branches of a aie Jax and scanty i

anic ia ae (2) Atherstonel.

ong, not

fouls

branches of a rather compound pa-

nicle :

Culms — — strongly com-

res es minutely 2-

toned (3) bidentata.

Culms terete or “ subcompressed

below, about 3-noded; valves A

ntire .. (4) trivialis.

Valves glairous or almost 50, wit thou

ue beast basal sheaths itiiesite

breaking wu 0 persis bres 5) binata.

Aunual or re sD pita ae hae $ lin, long (6) annua.

1. P. bulbosa (Linn. Sp. Pl. 70); perennial, densely cespitose,

4-16 in. ia, glabrous ; culms ereet, terete, smooth, 2-3-node d;

upper in modes exserted ; leaves crowded near the base, lowest

= the upper part, remainder tighter ; ligules oblong or ovate,

3-2 lin. long ; = linear, acute, those of the barren shoots often

finely filiform, 2-2 in. long, upper much shorter, up to 2 lin. — 3

panicle oblong to ‘ovate, contracted, lobed, 4-2 in. long ; the low

branches geminate, almost smooth, branchlets short, tae ;

ovate, acute, 1-1} lin. long, 3-nerved, rarely 1-nerved, margiy’

broadly hyaline, keel asperulous; upper

more earns ate, 3-nerved; valves — acute, a 4 toon lends

middle: tia wool scanty or r 0, nerves obscure ; pales sli

shorter than the bg i ; keels scaberulous ; anthers 2~1 lin. long.

Host, Gram. Austr. bh 65; Engl. Bot. t. 1071; Kunth, Enuin.

teenies ss Saee e

Poa.] GRAMINES (Stapf). 713

i. 352; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 380; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. oe

Syn. Pi. Glum. i. 250 ; Durand J Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

N ReEGion: Little Pecyni Kamies Bergen, by a dried-up

hese near Kuil, 3500 ft., Dré

Temperate regions of Europe, oh and North Africa.

The dom is oy up from European and Asiatic specimens, as I have

not seen Drége’s p

Ea, ste up to 2 in. wien ‘glabrous, smooth ; panicle very ax,

27 in. long; rhachis very yeah smooth ; branches ea a distant,

flexuous, often deflexed, finely filiform, up to 11 in. long, quite

smooth, '2-6-spiculate near ae tips ; arts B agetigs very pith tips

thiekened, smooth ; spikelets variegated, 2 lin. long, 3-flowered ;

glumes thin, lower narrow, oblong “when ill aeute, 1-nerved,

up to 1% lin. long, upper broad, oblong, subacute, 3-nerved, up to

2 lin. long, almost wholly purple ; valves rather thin, oblong, acute

to subacute, up to 23 lin. long, silky pubescent below along the

keel and outer nerves, yore scanty short wool from the base, inner

ee -herves very faint, s hyaline; pale of the lower valves

-f Shorter than these, 2- tothe keels scabrid.

ce Region: Graaff Reinet Div. ; summit of Compass Berg, Atherstone,

Only one specimen is known. It is 9 in. Tigh; —— of the panicle, and

comprises only 2 culm internodes, the lower of which is much exceeded by its

sheath. It represents evidently only the upper pat ofa ne

from a ndeslltiies prostrate ae bra nche d fas ,l- 3 ft. long, egal

uppermost ; leaves numerous ; lo straaee embracing each other,

ae striate, ike the upper gore tight ; ligules a narrow mem-

ranous ene up to 4 lin. long; blades ou acute, lower and

smooth he towards the tips; panicle 23-3} in. long, lax,

ing ; rhachis smooth, very slender; branches 5- 3-nate,

longest up to 1} in. long and naked for j—? in., simple or almost so,

s linear- oblong in profile, over 1}

minutely Q-toothed, somatintion with an obscure mucro in the

714 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). [ Poa.

Souru AFRicA: without precise locality, Zeyher !

The mode of growth is boners to that of P. compressa ; the panicle, however,

is ieaita different. The spikelets are as in certain forms of P. pratensis or of |

P. nemoralis, but the Gee. of the valves are constantly notched.

4. P. trivialis (Linn. Sp. Pl. 67); perennial, ars tufted,

glabrous ; culms genieulately ee. usually from a short arched

rooting base, 14-2 ft. long, terete or ten aii eee seabrid

above, rarely smooth all along, about 3-noded ; internodes exserted ;

ovate or oo when open, ereet or ahighily sew 3-7 in.

of 4—6 (mostly of 5), unequal, filiform, scaberulous, the longest up

diaten soe or closely et sageniebi ultimate branchlets closely 6-2-

ovate boblong acute, 1-2 lin, long, $d leweted ; glumes subequal,

3-nerved; side-nerves prominent, keel very seabrid ; valves oblong,

acute, rather firm, lower 12 lin. long, pubescent along the keel to the

middle, otherwise glabrous, side-nerves rather prominent ; callus

with a small tuft of very long wool; pales 14 lin. long, 2.toothed,

vise finely and very densely scabrid ; anthers 1 lin. ‘long ; grain

+ lin. Jong, grooved. ost, Gram. Austr. ii. 45, t. 62; Engl. Bot.

1072; Trin. in Mém. Acad. — sér. 6, i. (1831) 380, — in

Gram, Gen. 380; Kunth, Enum 352; Reichb. Ic. Fl.

i. t, 89; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 251; Doe § Schinz, Consp. wo

Afr. v. 909.

Eastern Recion: Natal; without precise locality, Buchanan, 33!

Probably introduced ; a native of the temperate regions of the Old World.

5. P. binata (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 378) ; perennial, compactly

cwspitose, glabrous; culms erect, 2 2 ft. high, rarely t taller, more

or less compressed below, arian 2—-noded, internodes exserted ;

leaves porno near the base ; ; sheaths tight, smooth, the boner more

lets crowded on t tips of the ake. ovate-oblong, 9-21 lin.

long, closely 3-5- Pate pallid, rarely variegated with purple 5

glumes rather unequal, lower ovate to oblong elivn expanded, acute,

Poa.] GRAMINEA (Stapf). 715

1-1 lin. long, l-nerved; keel scaberulous, upper ovate, acuminate,

12-2 lin. lon g, 3-ner ved, side-nerves usually very short ; valves

oblong, subacute to acute, Jower 2 lin. long, glabrous or minutely

pubescent below along the keel and the pik nerves, not connected

by wool; tips brag nerves prominent; pales "13 lin. long,

keels scabrid ; anthers 1-11 lin. long. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i..257 ;

Durand & Schina, bee Fl. Afr. v. 908.

Coast Raion : Albany Div. ; Howisons Poort, near Grahamstown, coming

up after a fire, 2000 on P "Macow reid “a Zeyher, 4598! on cultivated land,

ear ndagroirsitl Glass, 775! A pe "y Zeyher, eke atheart Div.;

“sora een Kat B and Kli pplaat Rive, Comgha Div.;

hear Komgha, Plana gan, 934 ! acount Div.; Table “fountain, 6000. -7000 ft.,

Drége

KAaLawart REGION : Coane Free State; on the Drakens Bergen, near Harri-

ar ee sin

RN R Temb uland ; mountains near Bazeia, 4000 ft., Baur, 526!

6000

Natal ; 0 on sntiatitatie about 100 miles inland, ft, Sutherland! sae

Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Bu chanan, 284! near the Mooi River, 3000-4000 ft., Woo

7326! Mason, 68! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 28

Very closely allied to the aed gee es simensis, Hochst. a Rich., which

differs mainly in having narrower, more acute valves and oi ligules. Both

Species belong to the group of P. pi imino Stapf.

6. P. annua (Linn. Sp. Pl. 68) ; mim or pms eesire tufted,

glabrous ; culms erect from a geniculate often ng base, fro

a few inches to 1 ft. long, slightly ene het ue ; inter-

nodes exserted or enclose ; sheaths rather loose, slightly peaetalnis

smooth ; ligules oblong “aban up to 1} in. broad ; blades linear,

along the keel and the outer side-nerves, rarely pre alos without

connecting wool (in the type) ;. pales slightly shorter than the valves,

keels ciliate saat: 2 lin, mg 5. grain oblong, 3-1 lin. long.

. 64; t. 1686 ; - Engl. Bot. ¢. 1141;

Reichb, Ie. Fl. ae it 82; Nees, FL vr Austr. 378; Steud. Syn.

Pl. Glum, i. 250; Du rand. Schinz, Consp. FT. Afr. Vo, SONS

Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind. vii, 345.

Coasr Region: Cape Div.; near Capetown, Ecklon, 955! Devils Peak,

Wilms, 3895 ! ebosch, Drége; Table Mo untain, “ the top, Bergius ! near

pen Bridge, Wolley Dod,

Throughout cern 6 and eo ee Asia, introduced into most other temperate

regions, rare in the tropics.

716 GRAMINES (Stapf). { Pou.

squarrosa, Lichtenst in Roem. et Schult. cy ii. 553 and P. tenuiflora,

eee le. 566, are evidently species of Zragrosti

LXXXVII. ATROPIS, Griseb.

Spikelets 2- or 3- to many-flowered, narrow, laterally compressed

or subcylindric; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes an

between the valves, glabrous, produced. Gluimes broad, obtuse,

rounded on the back, unequal, 1-3-nerved. Valves oblong, obtuse,

rounded on the hack, rather firm below the hyaline tips, 5-nerved,

nerves usually obscure, except in transmitted light; callus minute.

Pales almost as long as the valves, 2-keeled. "Lodicules 2 2, ovate,

hyaline, ro 3. Ova ary glabrous ; styles very short, distinct ;

stigmas laterally exserted, delicate ely plumose. Grain tightly

embraced by the hardened valve and pale, oblong, almost semiterete,

subconcave in front ; hilum basal, punctiform ; embr yo small.

copa rhea linear, flat, plicate or convolute ; ligules hyaline ; panic cles

open ted ; branches usually spreading, often naked for a Sacer 2

} aed escnanene nd and pedicels adpressed ; spikelets ans awules

Species about 12, mainly in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.

Most of them very closely allied.

Very closely allied ig fhe from which it chiefly differs in the glumes and

valves being not keele

Leaves 1-14 lin. broad when expanded, more or less plicate ;

panicles ovate to ee oo rather coarse and stiff :

more or less ef eading bran (1) Borrer.

agerc up to # lin. broad, a expanded, setaceously con-

€; panicles linear with erect “ag filiform to

hive a branches — ; (2) angusts-

i. A. Borreri om le culms fascicled with the intravaginal

innovation shoots, 1-11 long, suberect or geniculate below,

internode long exserted ; leaves glabrous, glaucous, somewhat thick ;

sheaths eae lower rather broad, pallid ; ligules ovate, to almost

4 4 tin. long, stout; spikelets more or less adpressed to the branches,

linear- oblong to subeylindrie, 11-3 lin. long (in the South sas

specimens), 2—4- (rarely to 7-) flowered, pallid; glumes ovate, low

about 3 lin. long, hyaline except along the nerve, upper {-]

long, 3-nerved, hyaline, margins broad ; valves obliquely oblong in

profile, rather more than 1 lin. long, minutel y hairy at the very

i SSS SE

Atropis. | GRAMINE& (Stapf), 717

hase ; pales emerged ae keels ciliolate; anthers 3-1 lin.

sé ng

long ; grain 1 istans, vai mixta, Coss. in

Coss ur. Hapl. Se ne Phan. 140; Durand § Schinz, Consp

Fl. A ria Borreri, Babingt. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t

2797; Crépin, Man, Fl. Belg. ed. 2,347. Gt. Neesii, Steud. Syn. Pl

Glum. 1. 286. Poa Borreri, Hook. & ‘Arn, Brit. Fl. ed. viii. 549.

“gpg arenaria, Durand & poate lic. SS. arenaria, var,

B*, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr, 381 (excl. syn.). S. multiculmis, subsp.

“ii ‘baing in Engl. Bot. ed. 3, xi. 105, t. 1756.

EGION: “Cape District,” Windvalley, on the dunes and in sandy

fis, Bek in Ns pe West Div. ; Nieuwefeld, near Ganze Fontein, 3500 ft.,

wege

ae! eTERN obi Little Namaqualand; Kamies Bergen, near Ezelfontein,

3500 ft.,

A native er Wester n Europe, along the coast of the Atlantic Bc on the

Western shores of the Batten introduced (?) into North Am

im not quite certain if Gussone’s Glyceria permivta from Sic iy i is ae same

oi as ap assumes, as it is described as having fine, short, flaccid, subinvo-

A nici (Stapf); densely tufted; culms —— with

Teter long-leaved intravaginal innovation shoots, 1 ft. long,

erect, smooth, 1-noded near the base, terete above, ‘east compressed

and slender below the ee sheathe d all along; leaves mostly

crowded near the base, glabrous, glaucous; sheaths smooth, lower

pallid or eituniel: brown, sonialeak uppermost lax, exceeding the

base of the panicle, embraced below by the preceding two sheaths ;

ligules up to fs lin. long, ovate ; blades very narrow, linear, acute,

—4> in. by 4 lin. Sabah expanded), eran involute, POPE Ges

branches very unequal, in distant fascicles of about 5, finely filiform

to capillary, scaberulous, the shortest 1—3- spiculate, sie eg up to

3 in. long, bare for 1-3 in, ; lateral pedicels }—2 lin. long, adpressed ;

spike, distant by about their own length, linear ts Tienes

2-22 lin. long, loosely 3-5-flowered, pallid ; Sia oblong, with

broad nyiline margins, "the lower over + lin. long, 1- to sub-3- ‘nerved,

the upper up to 1 lin. long, 3-nerve ; valves ‘nigel y-oblong in

profile, about 1 lin. long with a purple mark below the tips, minutely

pales minutely 2-toothed, ee shortly ciliate; anthers } lin. long.

Sclerochloa angusta, Nees, F. a Austr. 381 ; Durand § Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 911.

vaey Reeion : Uitenhage Div. ; a saline places by the Zwartkops River,

Ecklon

The a tion is drawn from a specimen in the Litbeck Herbarium which is

et aes a a loose label with ih inscription “728, Poa halophila, Sched.

ieufeld. m. Dr

Nieufe Drége, 1827.” sely cim with Nees’

description of Scleroehloa ap ble that eegrogeut the label has been mispl <

in ——. or me that the specimen in question is Ecklon’s

718 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Scleropoa.

LXXXVIII. SCLEROPOA, Griseb.

Spikelets narrow, laterally compressed or almost cylindric when

to in stiff panicles ; rhachilla very tardily disarticulating above

the clumes and between the valves. Florets few to many, ¢, upper-

most reduced, long exserted from the glumes. papa more or less

keeled, persistent. Valves oblong, obtuse, fein, on A back or

slightly keeled, firm, hat cei except at the very tips, 5-nerved ;

outer side-nerves more distinct than the faint inner; callus obsenre.

as the valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, ovate,

hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, very short ;

stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. Grain very tightly embraced

by the hardened valve and pale, oblong, almost semiterete, sub-

concave in front with a small soft terminal eap; embryo small ;

hilum basal, punctiform.

Annual shott grasses ; blades asim flat or inyolute ; as hyaline ; panicles

waste et stiff, often rather dense, with short, rigid, 2-ranked, more or less

preading a as weitiailet awnless

Species 3, in the Mediterranean countries from the Canaries to Persia and in

Western and Southern Central Europe.

1. S. rigida (Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rum. ii. 431); eulms geniculate,

scending or suberect, from a few aaa to 1 ft. lo ong, glabrous,

eee) 3-5 -noded, internodes more or less exserted ; leaves glab-

rous ; sheath tight, at thin, striate ; ligules oblong, se ge up

to 1 lin, long ; ades linear, acute, 1-4 in. by 1-12 lin., flat,

scaberulous on the upper side, smooth ‘below ; 3 panicle linear-oblong

. nv ee rather dense, 1-3} in. long; rhachis and ail the divisions

spikelet), straight, usually racemose, 2-10-spiculate with the spikelets

much longer than the internodes and therefore apparently fascicled,

more rarely repeatedly divided or reduced to a solitary spikelet;

lateral pedicels short, stout; spikelets aubeyHAatie with imbricate

valves when closed, or linear, flat, with spreading valves when open,

2-6 lin. long, 4-12-flowered ; thachilla scaberulous; glumes acutely

keeled or rounded on the back, 2—1 lin. long, lower slightly shorter,

stoutly 1-nerved, upper $-nerved, decrees. usually faint ; valves

linear-oblong in profile, rounded on the back, 1-14 lin. long, ’ smooth,

nerves fine, inner side-nerves faint, tips asoally mucronulate ; keels

of pales seabrid ; anthers 1 lin. long, Durand & Schinz, Consp. FI.

Afr. v.921. Poa rigida, Linn. Ameen. Acad. iv. 265; Engl. Bot. t.

1371 ; Host, Gram, Austr. ii. t. 74. Glyceria rigida, Sm. Engl.

Ff up 119. ene Kari Panz. in Denkschr. Bot. Regensb.

i. ii. 180; Link, Hort. Ber 150. Festuca rigida, Kunth, Rév-

Gram. i. 129; Enum. i, 392 5 oe 327; Steud. Syn. Pi. Glum.

i .

Scleropoa. | GRAMINE® (Stapf). 719

EGION: Cape Div.; Constantia Road, site ne Wolley Dod,

Coast Re

2039! also in Newlands Woods, according to Wolley

of South and Western Europe, ete Africa and Western Asia ;

Chand ape raattine ed.

LXXXIX, FESTUCA, Linn.

Spikelets laterally ogee" (at least after phon) panicled ;

thachilla disarticulating abov glumes and between the valves.

Florets 2 to many, ¢ (the uppermost usually Fadhaaind distinctly

exserted from the glumes. Glumes subequal, rarely conspicuously

unequal, esr sc or cubsaario ous, more or nr te eled, 1 aa

(rarely the upper 5-) nerved. Val s lanceola te, us, muc

nate or awned, et ee sinebein on the back or e keels a sedi

the tip, 5-7-nerved ; mucro or awn from the tip or very close to it,

straight ; callus small, et set or almost so. Pales 2-keeled, more

or or 2- eying ge eae - agape argc 2-lobed or entire, hyaline.

Stam

dis ie ;

laterally exserted.

Ovary g

ve ery short,

glabro

iO, subterminal; stigmas plumo.

Grain tightly eos ‘. the slightly fandehed

ess adhering to the pale or to both,

valve and pale, free or more 0

oblong, dorsally convex, Siived or concave in front ;

long ; embryo s

Perennial, tufted ;

flat, folde d or conyolut set

contracted or open, phoney pf

hilum linear,

rer agy ii or more or less closed ; ligules scarious ; blades

ceous ; panicles more or less co’

mpound,

ous species, often very difficult to discriminate, in the

Num

ae culary of the northern hemisphere, and a few in the high mountains of the

ropic

Florets hermaphrodite

lades “permanently folded, filiform or seta

d, flexuons ; — elets 4-6 lin. ae,

ves mucronate or shor tly aw

Binen convolute in bud, then pig or involute when

Top of ovary glabrous ; panicle a reduced to

raceme; ligules extremely sl

Top of ovary hairy ; ligules L21i n ae

Panicle compound, more or less

ches long, flexuous, Peon from about

the middle ; spikelet nen valves

ely but distinctly

Dicecious ; panicles ieokity den st spike-like ;

spikelets 4-5 lin. long; culm: tf ites tightly

coated at the base by the fibres of the ee sheaths

(1) caprica,

(2) vulpioides.

(3) costata.

(4) longipes.

(5) seabra.

F. caprina (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. rege densely czspitose

| intravaginal innovation shoots; culm

11 ft. high, smooth, 2-noded, node at

erect, gine wn

low

uppe ae

middle ; sheaths closed at the base only, tight, smooth, "thin, ‘an

720 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Festuea.

subpersistent; ligule very short, more or less obtusely apenie

des filiform, acute, —8 in. long, fo flexuous, 5—7-nerved

smooth on the back, scabrid on the face ; caus contracted, narrow,

flexuous, 2-6 in. long; rhaehis angular, seabrid or smooth below ;

branches usually solitary, lower remote, flexuous or straight, finely

filiform, scaberulous, hey sparingly branched from near the base, or

the leant up to 14-2 in. long, and undivided for 3—1 in. ; lateral

pedicels ove to es ahi: spikelets elliptic- oblong to oblong,

4—6 lin. long, 3—8-flowered, areenish ; Lamar equal or subequal,

lanceolate iy ‘oblong-lanceolate, acute, les 21 Jin. long, herbaceous-

membranous, scaberulous, lower 1-, upper 3, nerved ; valves linear-

lanceolate in profile, acute, usually produced into a short fine bristle,

smooth or very finely s caberulous near the tip ; nerves 5, very faint;

keels of pales iene lodicules ovate-lanceolate ; anthers A

to 11 lin. long; top of ovary minutely hispid. Steud. 8 yn. Pl.

Glum. i. 313; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.v. 913. F. costatu,

var. longiseta, Nees, Fl. Afi. Austr. 447 (in part).

Var. 8, irrasa (Stapf); blades shorter and more rigid, 3-6 in. long; valves

densely pubescent.

lt x macra Ai i? blades very finely filiform, rough, 3-5-nerved ; ast

and flex branchlets very fine, 2— i — culate ; pedicels rather long

ladon slightly ga ae with longer awn

Souts Arrica: without precise locality, Drége, —o

Coast REGION: arora Div. ; 3 Table Mounta N66 000-6900 ft., Drege !

Storm ‘Borgen , 5009-6000 ft., Cte ee King Williamstown Div.’5 Amatola

Albany Div.; Hov

Mountains, Buchanan, 39! Var. B: any visons Poort, near

Grahamstown, Flanagan, 94! King Williamstown Vives Amatola Mount ray

uchan n, 37! 38! 41!

ee RI Reeton: Orange Free State ; without precise locatity, Buchanan,

SL! Var. y: Orange Free ‘State ; on the Witte Bergen, near Harrismith,

Buchanan, 262!

2. F. vulpioides (Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 305); perennial ;

culms shortly ascending, subgeniculate, 11—2 ft. long, smooth, 3-4-

noded, internodes (except the lowest) exserted ; leaves glabrous ;

lower sheaths somewhat tight, subpersistent, Steed loose, all smooth ;

ligules very og oe ‘reduee to a membranous rim ; blades linear,

acute, 4-6 in. by 2-2} lin., flat, seaberulous towards the tips and

along the margins ; : ats very narrow, almost reduced to ®

raceme, straight or flexuous, 6-7 in. long; rhachis like the heey 8

: 3-nate

wn, 4-5} lin. long, firml os Mi seatakl * scabera ous

toward the tip, inconspicuously 5- to sub-7-nerved; keels of pales

stout, crested, scaberulous ; lodieules unequally nen denticulate

cimiiatienee a cares hea, ee |

Festuca. | GRAMINER (Stapf). 721

anthers 1} lin. long; ovary quite glabrous. Durand § Schinz, Consp.

Fi. ge . 921. Vulpia megastachya, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 441.

H AFRICA: without precise locality, Drége /

Coase Recion: King Williamstown Div. ; ease Mountains, Buchanan,

45!

costata (Nees, FJ. Afr. Austr. 447, excel. var.); perennial ;

densely Weed ; Innovation shoots intravaginal ; culms erect, robust,

sclerenchymatous layer on the back; panicle contracted or open, lax,

an , Or ancipitous above; branehes 2- 0 e, lower

remote, filiform, flexuous, erect or spreading, angular or ancipitous,

smooth or seabrid, owest 4- long, ally undivided to th

erect or nodding, elliptic, 6-8 lin. long, green, tinged with purple or

violet, very loosely 3-7-flowered ; rhachilla very slender ; joints up

to 1 lin n. long ; eee sean or mie genet! shorter, 21-3 lin.

e, 3-

long, rather firm, scaberulous, hrs rapes keels of pale

scaberulous ; lodioules lanceolate, over % lin. long ; anthets 9-3: -lin:

long; top of ovary pubescent. Stew id. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 313;

Durand § sine Consp. Fl. Afr. ¥ bas

ta (Nees, l.c., in part); blades 4-8 in. Age 8 boa convolute ;

Var. , lon

panicle seanty ; rome tise — into a fine kishore 1-14 li

AST on: Albany Div., Ecklon § Zeyher, at Queenstown Div. ;

mountains on the Klipplaat Reval. Ecklon. Stochistatsoik Div. ; aes e Winter

Berg, near Philipton, Ecklon! Kat Berg, 4000-5000 ft., Drége! Cathcart

Div.; Windvogel Berg, 5000 ft., Drége! Var. 8: Stockenstrom Div.; Kat Berg,

geo t., Drége !

Nn Reaion: Natal; Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 ft., Buchanan, 234! Benvie,

Kar Kloof, "3000-4000 ft., Wood, 6005! and without precise locality, Buchanan,

Also j in Nyasaland.

4..F, Joseipes (Stapf) ; tufted ; innovation shoots extravaginal ;

ms shortly ascending, sometimes geniculate, about 3 ft. h

(cls of the panicle), usually seabrid below the peal 1-2-

VOL, VII,

722 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Festuca.

or involute when dry, green or glaucous on the upper side, smooth

except on the scabrid margins or rough above, 9-13-nerved, nerves

very prominent above; panicle large, subeorymbose, over } ft. long,

base enclosed in uppermost sheath or very shortly exserted ; rhachis

straight, angular, or acutely aneipitous above, very scabrid ; branches

2-3- (rarely 4-) nate, distant, 4-6 in. long, straight, at first suberect,

then spreading, spinulously seabrid along the angles, with 4—1 spike-

lets near the tips; pedicels very unequal, very short, up to 8 lin.

long ; spikelets 3-5-flowered, oblong to elliptic, 4-5 lin. long, light

lanceolate in profile, acute, 31 lin. long, herbaceous-chartaceous,

stoutly 5-ribbed, scaberulous, at least towards the rigid tips, keels

stout, scabrid ; lodicules unequally 2-lobed, 3 lin. long ; anthers

12 lin. long; ovary top puberulous. . costata, var. fascicularis,

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 447.

_ Coast Rreton: Albany Div.; on stony slopes, near Grahamstown, 2000 ft ,

MacOwan, 1323! Komgha Div.; valleys near Komgha, Flanagan, 898! King

Williamstown Div. ; Amatola Mountains, Buchanan, 35! Stockenstrom Div.; on

the Winter Berg, Ecklon.

Eastern ReGion;: Tembuland; Bazeia, 2000 ft., Baur, 363!

5. F. scabra (Vahl, Symb. Bot. ii. 21); dicecious; oe

ceespitose ; innovation shoots intravaginal; culms erect, 3-3 ft. long,

straight or slightly nodding, 3-8 in. long; rhachis terete, striate and

smooth below, angular and scabrid to hispidulous above; branches

Z-nate or solitary, sparingly to abundantly and very closely divided

from the base or rarely undivided for a few lines; branehlets and

4—6-flowered ; florets unisexual with the rudiments of the other

sex; glumes unequal to subequal, linear-lanceolate in profile, acute

to subobtuse, firmly herbaceous except at the hyaline margins, smooth

or scaberulous, lower usually shorter, 11-21 lin. long, 1-nerved,

upper 1}-3 lin. long, 3-nerved ; valves oblong, acute or subacute,

sometimes mucronulate, 23-31 lin. long, scaberulous at least in the

upper part, distinctly 5-nerved ; pales minutely 2-toothed or entire,

keels stout, seabrid ; lodicules ovate, acute; anthers 1} lin. long 0”

fine long filaments in the ¢, very minute and empty and on very

short delicate filaments in the 9; ovary obovoid, very densely

ieee GRAMINEX ers 723

aa vii. 323; Fl. Afr. Austr. 444; Steud. Sym. FT; lum, i,

313; Durand § ‘Sching, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 918. F. aspera, Poir.

Encyel. Suppl. ii. 635, not of Labill. F. ieee Steud. Nomenel.

ed. ii. i. 631. Dactylis levis, Thunb. Prodr.22; Fl. Cap. 426 ; ed.

chult. 114 (9). D. serrata, Thunb. Prodr. 22; Fi. Cap. 428 :

ie oe 115(¢). Lasiochloa levis and L, serrata, Kunth, Enum.

oe without Sie ae Thunberg !

Coast Reaion: Cape Div ar Capetown, Ecklon ; Harvey, 167! Burchell,

ip ‘Table Mountati, Bergius us th a plata, near Disa Gorge, Wolley Dod,

Li ad, Eck on, Wit ms be common ee a ete near

x Riv olley Dod, 3706! Hex

Valley ‘at Els Kloof, Wolkey Dod, 3707 ! pelle Div.; Hottentots Holland

ountains, mabe! Caledon Div.; Bavians Kloof near Genaden al, 1000-2000

. Drége! near Caledon, Thom, 922! on the Zwart Berg, near the Hot Springs,

1600-2000 ‘A. ” gr ee abe Sw renin Div.; Puspus Valley, near Swellendam,

Zeyher, 4594! Ecklon; Duivenhoeks River, Gill! Riversdale Div. ; near the

Zoetemelks River, vests 6683 ! Mossel Bay Div.; Little Brak River,

Burchell, 6186! George Div. ; between George and Malgat River, Burchell, 6085!

and without re, locality Mund & Maire. Uitenhage Div. ; by the Zwartkops

River, - = ban y ss plains of Albany, Bowie, 350! gg ledges of

thas acOwan, 1274! near Grahamstown, MacOwan!

— Dir; Feat oy Flanaga an, 944! Queenstown Div. ; near Shiloh, 3500 fle

Cenrrat Reoron: Graaff Reinet Div.; near apes ee 3200 ft., Bolus,

682! “Aliwal North Div: ; Witte ~ aril n, 7000-75 00 ft.

‘i RN mies on: Little Namaqualand ; Rood Berg ce Ezels Kop, 4000-

t.,

Ketawini ithatow Orange Free rived belts Biter locality, Cooper, a

Eastern Recion : Tembuland ; Tabas ‘<a a, 2000 ft., Bawr, 312!

Griqualand East; hills near Kokstad, 5000 f ; Tyson, 1789! Natal ; on the

Drakensberg Range, near Newcastle, pt ig 185!

XC. VULPIA, Gmel.

— oe cian after flowering, on short clavate

pedicels in usually m r less seeund an spike- or pensiatee

panicles ; “thachilla prea ie disarticulating above the glumes an

between the fertile valves. Florets at long exserted frei the

piece passing into an awn, rounded o back, faintl

5-nerved ; awn straight, often long; callus ‘iia, obtusely glabrous.

Paice | 2. keeled, entire or minutely jot sama Lodicules 2, hyaline,

724 GRAMINE# (Stapf). [ Vulpia.

unequally lobed. Stamens 1-3; filaments very short; anthers

usually enclosed in the floret during flowering or permanently.

Ovary glabrous (in the South African species) or minutely hispid at

the top; stigmas sessile, plumose, permanently enclosed in the floret,

or shortly exserted at the base. Grain linear, strongly compressed

from the back, concave in front, more or less adhering to the pale or

also to the valve ; embryo small; hilum filiform, long.

Annual or perennial, slender age blades linear, very na — nero convo-

lute or une, at least when dry ; panicles contra ote d, narrow, usually more or

less secund, with short clavate oie: spikelet s subeylindr ssid acuminate,

when young, then open ing out, laterally compressed and hpaeliee pence 3 flowers

often cleistogamo

Species about 20, mostly in the Mediterranean region and the adjacent

countries ; the 2 species described below have been introduced into many parts of

the world.

i ate ii dg age usually binned enclosed in -

sheath ; icle 2-10 in. long ; er glume reduced

a minute Faealé or up to $ lin, oy my ene nerve-

less or like upper 1-nerved x (1) Myuros.

Uppermost internode long e rted ; pan -3 in.

ee both glumes a ha lanceolate, ie 1-2

and 1-nerved, a r 2-3} lin. ie ack irony :

wedi d (2) bromoides.

Myuros (Gmel. Fl. Bad. i. 8); annual, tufted; culms

rer geniculate, ascending or suberect, 3-11 ft. high, glabrous,

ooth, 2- (sometimes 3- ) noded, uppermost internode 21-6 in. long,

euastly. wholly enclosed in the uppermost sheath ; sheaths ‘oesction inal

the upper) rather loose, smooth, glabrous ; ligules very wire en

obtusely aurieled; blades linear, taperin to a very acute point,

1-6 in. by 3~1 lin,, flat or involute when dry, or ebtes "queda to

subrigid, finely and tana few-nerved, oo or scabrid on

the upper surface, otherwise glabrous and smooth ; panicle spike-like,

erect or nodding and flexuous, narrow, raat or secund or

facing all sides, 5-10 i in. long, ; rhachis filiform, acutely triquetrous,

= e branches scabrid along the angles or smooth below; branches

[om |

hee

oF:

grain 11-2 lin. long. Boiss. Fl. Or. MY 628. V. Pseudo-myurusy

Reichb. Fl. Germ. Ezcurs. i. 87: Ie. Fl. Germ. i. t. 60, fig- 1525-

bromoides, Celak. in Kern. Sched. pi Fl, Austr.-Hung. Exsice.

awn 3-10 lin. long, fine, scabrid ; stamen 1; anther 4—2 lin. long;

Vulpia. } GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 725

no. 1082. V. bromoides, var. ge Nees, ab Afr. Austr. 441.

Festuca Myurus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 74; Leers, Fl. Herb. 33, t. 3,

jig. 5; Host, Gram. Austr. ii. 66, : 93; "Engl. "Bot t. 1412; Kunth,

Enum. i, 396; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 303; Durand & Sohins,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 916 (exel. syn. Festuca nen:

South Arrica: without precise praca) Drége, 205:

10 EGION: Clanwilliam D 5 Chania, ad ft. Aelorliconicod. 8587!

Vanrhynsdorp ng 5 Hag oa. 500 ft., D rege. : . iv.; Tab ountain,

ee 972 in Herb, partly! near cultiva und at oaieue

00 ft. , Bas, 7028! Uitenhage Div.; by the seen a River, Ecklon §¥° Zeyher,

in the La bee

ENTRAL pee nN: Som i sic 3; between Zuurberg Range and Klein

pai ces ee pl 0 ft.,

nR : Little Ramayana near Kuil, between Pedros Kloof

and iy Fontein, 3500 ft, Drég

igh, “glabrows, smooth, 2-3-noded, uppermost ritenipae usu ally

occupying more than 1 of the culm, long exserted 5 sheaths somewhat

loose, gubaeite smooth ; ligules extremely short ; blades linear taper-

ing to a very acute point, l tom § then 4-1 lin., flat or

involute or convolute when fee “Sab eid ee phe finely and

prominently few-nerved, scabrid to inherits on the upper surface,

otherwise glabrous and smooth; panicle erect or nodding and

flexuous, very row, more or less secund, 1-3 in. long, rarely

spikelet, erect or nodding ; lateral pedicels about 1 lin. long, smooth

or almost so; spikelets 4—6 lin. 1088 (exclusive of re awns), ytd

1-2 lin. long, 1-nerved, upper 2-33 lin. long, canal Seats

ng y

5-nerved, seaberulous at least above; awn as long as the valve or

longer, up to 6 lin. long, very fine; stamen 1; anther 3-1 lin.

eerelyr 3 z lin.) long ; grain about 2-25 lin. long. Link, Hort. Berol.

147, ii. 271; Reichb. Fl. Germ. Ficcurs. 37; Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t.

60 , Jig. 1529; Nees in Linnea, vii. 324; Fl. Afr. Austr. 440 (ezel.

var.d). V. sciuroides, Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 37; Boiss. Fl.

28.

Sp. Plant. 75; Thunb. Prodr, 22; Fl. Cap. 426; ed. Schult. 114;

Pi Bot. t. 1411; Kunth, Enum. i. 396; Steud. Syn Pl. Glum. i.

3. F. sciuroides, Roth, Bot. Abhandl. 43; Catal. Bot. ii. 11;

pale farce Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 919.

Coast Recion: Malmesbury Div.; Zwartland, Thunberg. Cape Div. ; Agee

shrubs and by the roadside le — Mountain, Ecklon, 972 partly!

Mountain, Pappe! mouth of tunnel, Orange Kloof, Wolley Dod, ees

Kaapenberg View, Walley Dod, 2751! Old road to Constantia Nek, Wolley Dod,

3486! Tulbagh Div.; near ‘Tulbagh Waterfall, Ecklon. Paarl Div. 3 by the

726 GRAMINE® (Stapf). | Vulpia.

erg River near Paarl, Drége ! Stellenbosch Div. ; Hottento val pare ae

Secliondan Divs hills by the Zonder Hinde River, Heklon; in the forest

Grootvaders Bos ch, Burchell, 7237! Riversdale Div. ; near the Zostemels

River, Burchell, 6633! George Div. ; Lange Kloof Mountains, Eck Uit

hage Div. ; by the Zwartkops River, Ecklon / near Uitenhage, Pats 4223 | !

Alban ny Div. ; Brand Kraal, near Grahamstown, MacOwan, 1278 !

anyon the Mediterranean region and in setae and Western Europe, on

Cam and in Abyssinia; elsewhere introduced,

is an i ee of stamens constantly 1 in a: South African specimens as

well as in the European.

XCI. BROMUS, Linn.

Spikelets laterally compressed, at least after a papi

panicled ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the

valves. Florets usually numerous, the u ere ee ced.

Glumes more or less unequal, acute to acuminate, persistent, lower

1-7-, upper 3—-9-, nerved and sometimes mueronate or aristulate.

5-13-nerved, usually awned ; awn terminal (rarely 3 or 0) or some-

what distant from the often 2-toothed tip, straight or recurved and

then often = ee twisted below, not kneed. Pales entire or bifid ;

keels usually rigidly ciliolate or ciliate. Lodicules 2, oblong or

lanceolate, entire or lobed. greiner 3, rarely 2. Ovary obovoid

with an often large, villous, 3- or 2-lobed terminal appendage ;

styles short, lateral on the a ndage stigmas plumose, laterally

exserted, or in the cleistogamic species permanently enclosed. Grain

linear to linear-oblong, convexo-concave and usually adherent to the

valve and Doge or at least to the latter; hilum filiform, long ;

embryo sm

Annua, ie bee as of very varying habit; blades linear, flat, often flaccid ;

Hsiao membranous, hyaline ; og contra cted, often very dense, or open and

n effuse, or reduced to a raceme ; spikelets rathe r large, erect or pendaloas,

froin ov oid to linear-oblong or inser: -cuneate ; awns very long or short, sometimes

Seca aarti ucro or 0.

her aan mostly in the temperate regions of the northern

i aera re of South America, several in the high mountains of the tropics.

Section 1, SERRAFALCUS aye Annual ; coger gem are to oblong ;

lower glum e 3-5- (rarely 1-) nerved; upper glume Sg rved; valves 7-9-

; haaraeiek of thachilla more or less clavate abov

Paniele contracted, dense; branches shorter than - :

spikelets vat Pe ye ... (1) molliformis.

oe loose, open or contracted ; ‘lower branches

ra longer ;

anthers 1 to almost 2 lin. a ae vss vee (2) arvensis.

lin

close ;_ val

obliquely se etacd Hg + pot tips

Bromus. } GRAMINEX (Stapf). 127

short, obtuse or subobtuse ; awns of lower

valves u nevis much shorter than those of

e uppe .. (3) commutatus.

Spikelets o obi: florets rather loose ; valves

a oe oblong to ee in profile ;

ent ire

or 2-t 3 awns

pe ral sce ... (4) patulus.

Section 2. cae, (Griseb.), Annual; spikelets narrow, pei or less

cuneiform lowe me I- (rarely nerved, upper 3-5-nerved ; es 5-7-

nerved ; intern oie 3 rhachilla slender

Gate species in South Africa... “a ae ... (5) maximus,

Section 3. Festucarta (Coss. & Dur.) Perennial, often tall; lower glume

dtanreed, upper 3—5-nerved ; valves 5~7- (very rarely y- -) nerved; awn terminal,

inal or 0.

wer ante 1- (rarely 3-), upper 3-nerved ; anthers

1-13 lin. 1 er die .. (6) leptoclados.

Lower ahatas 3-, upper “usually 5-nerved ; ‘anthers

about 3 lin. lon

Spikelets ginbeoeicg glumes 5-74 lin. long 5 3; valves

74-9 lin. long, prominently nerved . {7) natalensis.

Spikelets pubescent corstibtnd or “villous ;

mec lin. Tong valves 6-7 lin. long ;

nerves not prominent

Florets rather loose ; valves linear-lanceolate ;

in profile, narrow .. (8) speciesus.

Florets close ; valves lanceolate-cuneate, _

rather broad above ... (9) firmior.

. CERATOCHLOA. Glumes and — strongly compressed, acutely

keeled, che -nerved, the latter usually 13-nerved.

Only species in South Africa ... iva es ... (10) unioloides.

I ute, _

2-3 lin. * fat, strongly sg searcely flaccid ; panicle oblong to

linear-oblong, contracted, erect, rather dense, 2-3 in. long; axis

striate, seabrid to pat ena or spree smooth below; branches

3-6-nate, nearly a rare ta unequal, 2—4 lin. long, rarely

longer, scabrid to coarse ely pubescent, erect; spikelets oblong,

greyish-green, 6-10 tin, by 23-3 lin, erect, crowded, closely

9~13- flowered ; rhachilla joints > lin. long, subclavate, stout, seabrid ;

glumes unequal, oblong in profile, rat er broad, acute, herbaceous

lower 22-3 lin, long, 5- to sub-5-nerved, upper 3-4 lin. long,

7-nerved ; valves rather narrow, oblong, about 4 lin. long, pubescent

to villous, 7 Reson dat margins almost straight to 3 of the length from

the base, thon gradually curved or — i ak a-dislines obtnee angle

to the livoad 2-toothed hyaline tips ; awn from close to the tip, fine,

scabrid, straight or finally diate, "D132 lin. long; callus very

728 GRAMINES (Stapf). [ Bromus.

short; pales beth shorter than the valves, keels distinctly

ciliate ; stam ; anthers 2 lin. long; ovary glabrous below the

appendage, front jobs of appendage entire, hind lobe very minute ;

B, divaricatus, Lloyd, l.c. 314, not of Rho B. confertus, ea

£1. Centr. France, ed. 11. 586. Serrafaleus an ydianus, Gren. § G

fl. de France, dé

Coast ici ees Div.; by the railway near Rondebosch, Wolley Dod,

1826!

A native of the Western Mediterranean region and West Europe.

2. B. arvensis (Linn. - Plant. i i. 77) ; ; ones culms genicu-

tong ; blades aca, acute, 2

panicle erect or slightly Rahe 2 om contracted, then opening out,

sometimes effuse, very lax, 4—9 in. long and about a s wide ; axis terete,

3-8, usually very unequal, finely filiform, flexuous, scabrid, the longest

often 3-5 in. lon , usually bare to beyond t the middle, 8-1-spiculate ;

spikelets ellipsoid to oblong, 5-9 lin. long, glabrous, green oF

variegate ~10-flowered ; rhachilla joints 1% lin. long, stout,

scaberulous ; ones unequal, lanceolate to oblong, acute, lower about

22 lin. long, 3-nerved, upper much broader, “about 3 lin. long,

5-T- nerved, nerves strong ; valves obliquely obovate-oblong to oblan-

ceolate, about 31 lin. long, smooth or nearly so, distinctly 7- nerved,

margins straight to the middle or beyond, then turned at an obtuse

r a distinct curve to the broad minutely 2-toothed tip,

membranous, whitish ; pale slightly shorter than the valves, | keels

loosely and rigidly ciliate ; stamens 3; anthers 1 to almost 2 li

long; grain lineat-oblong, strongly convexo-coneave, about 3 lin,

ae. adhering to the valve and pale. FU. Dan. t. 2527; Engl. Bot.

re ; Host, Gram. Austr. i, t. 14; Kunth, Enum. i. 417; Reichb.

Te. Fl. Germ. i. t. 74, fig. 1 eid — Gram. Brit. t. 82

Sowerby, Brit. Grass. t. 107; Fl. Afr. Austr. 452; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 324 ; Pe ar Sehins, em Fl. Afr. v. 922.

Serrafaleus arvensis, Godr. Fl. Lorr. ed. i

Coast Region: Vanrhynsdorp Div. ; near rman 500 ft., Drége.

A native of Europe.

commutatus (Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 353); annual; culms

blades oes tapering to an aeute nc 2- 6.in ce - lin., ia

id; panicle usually contracted, narrow, suberect or ‘nodding an

ah ae ee est ——

PAINE ih A ok

Bromus. | GRAMINE (Stapf). 729

more or less secund, 3-6 in. long; axis terete, scaberulous or smooth

below ; lower branchlets 2—-4- (or in robust specimens to 6-) nate,

very unequal, 1-2- (rarely 3- or 4-) spiculate, a or Sodithe. finely

filiform, flexuous, scaberulous to scabrid, the longest up to 2 (arely

er much broader,

valves apse debvideablens in ae 31-5 lin. long, 7-9-

n the ivr ly longer (to 5 lin.) in the upper valves, from

2~% lin. below the tip; pales 31—4 lin. ne obtuse, keels distantly

ciliate ; anthers elliptic, 3—8 lin. long; grain 3-31 lin. long, tightly

adhering to valve an pale, strongly bE Nel) mel. Fl.

Bad. iv. 72, t. 4; Kunth, Enum. i. 414; Reichb. Ic. Fl. pti ted.

74, fig. 1589; Steud, Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 825; Fl. Dan. t. 2526;

inch Schinz, Consp. FI. CAMs vy. 923,

TRAL Reeion: Graaff Reinet Diy.; in cultivated ground in the Sneeuw-

heer jase 4500 ft. , Bolus, 2057! (introduced).

Throughout Brivtipe and in North Africa, usually as a weed.

4 B. patulus (Mert. & Koch in Rohl. Deutschl. Fl. i. 685);

annual ; culms fascicled or tufted, geniculate, shortly iar or

suberect, slender to stout, 1-12 ft. high, glabrous, smooth or scaberu-

lous to pubescent below the panicle and the nodes, 2-4'noded, upper

internodes exserted, uppermost very long ; leaves finely hairy to

villous ; ; sheaths rather tight, thin, strongly striate ; ligules delicate,

< to almost 2 lin. long, fimbriate-toothed ; blades linear, tapering to an

i in. (in the South

flat, flaccid ; panicle usu ually more or ae nodding, 3 —5 in. 5 (i

3—6-nate, 2-1. (ra aa 3.) 1 ig ae serra finely eieen, very

exuous, scabrid ; lateral pedicels 2 to more than 6 lin. long; spike-

lets oblong, light green or purplish, 8-12 lin. long, 7-10-flowered ;

thachilla joints clavate, smooth or almost so, up to 1 lin _ Jong;

upper broader, 4—52 lin. long, 5—7-nerved, scaberulous on the nerves ;

valves obliquely oblong, 4-6 lin. long (in the South African specimens),

7- to sub-9-nerved, scaberulous or scabrid at least tow: the tips,

rarely quite smooth, widest at the middle or slightly above it,

margins gently curved from this point towards the tip and white,

shining and hyaline, straight towar ds the base ; awn from 1-1} lin.

below the entire or denticulate or 2-toothed hyaline tips, straight to

730 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Bromus.

recurved, 5-7 lin. long, fine; pales 4-4} lin. long, keels distantly

ciliate; anthers elliptic, 1—} lin. long; stigmas 1 lin. long; grain

4-5 lin. long tightly adhering to valve and pale, strongly convexo-

concave, nth, Enum. 1. 55 —. Ie. Fl. Germ. i. t. TA,

Jig. eae Steud. “Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 325 ; Stapf in Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. v i. 36 l. B. japonicus, Thunb. Fi. Jap. 52, * a Ki unth, lc.

418; Steud. lc. 326. B. os Host, Gra Austr. i 11, not

of Smith. B. pectinatus, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 459 (in part), not of

hund.

R. B, Ragedoygies (Stabe) 5 ping. apie up 6 more ge 2 ft. high ; era

up i 8 in. by 3 3 panic in. lon lowest branches someti

Seaceies auicohaie 1-14 in. iets “all parts proportionally er waves er

8 lin. long. B l. Cap. i. 482; ed. Sc

ie Ne . St :

lum. i. 321; Durand & Schinz, Consp, Fl. Afr. v. 926. B. erectus, Durand

ie “pga l.c. 928 (in part), not of Huds. B. erectus, var. equifolius, Nees, l.c-

VaR. y, vestitus (Stapf) : bigs io the type or of ek germane: or sometimes

rather dead spikelets 4-1 in ; gi mes and vy: r than in the

type, pu ent to villous ; ; vet hn le 6 lin ong. B. poriray “Sehrad. in Coett.

Gel. et iil. (1821 oe keg ay Mant. ii, ore % Nees in ree vii. 319; Fl.

Afr. A Kunth 415; Steud. Syn. Pl. ae i. 326; Doraney.

Sekine, Conep Fl. Afr. ¥ "B. mollis, “Thunb, Prodr. 22; Fl. Cap. i. 4315

ed. Sch 6, not of L B. capensis, expe s in Pah § 1829, "491. B.

ately tt F Helar. in ig aa Diagn. sér. 11. 63.

Sourn Arrica: Var. ak without precise locality, Drage, 2525!

Coast REGIon : Mossel Bay Div.; on dry hills on the eastern side of the

Gauritz River, Burchell, 6455! in a dry channel of an arm of the Gauritz River,

sa chell, 6499! Port Eli inte Div. Fale Elizabeth, E.S.C.4. Herb., 104!

r. si Cores esbu: oy. Div. ; near Groene Kloof, and in the sand of Saldanha Bay,

The ! Cape Div. ; voutaide leneiiete High Constantia, Wolley Dod, 3 3189!

Prasides “Tsland, Wolley Dod, 3209! Queenstown Div.; Table Mountain, 5000-

= ar seiner Ecklon! Lion Mountain, above Sea Point, Wolley Dod, 1606 !

wards High Constantia, Wolley Dod, 3489! by Hout Bay Hotel,

Walley: Dod, 3207 ! Paarl Div. ; G reat iraskindhcte Mountains, Drége / Worcester

v.; by the Hex Rive r, 1000-2000 fei. Drége, 2524! Swellendam Div.

Hottentots Holland, Ecklon. Uitenhage Div.; in cultivated ground by the

Zwartkops River, Ecklon! Albany Div. ; ; among shrubs near Grahamstown,

2000 ft., Bolus, 1280!

CenTRaL Reeion: Carnarvon Div.; Klip es ans Bs Burchell, 1527 ! Graaff

Reinet Div.; in cultivated ground, near Graaff Reinet, 3200 ft, Bolus, 680!

! Var. Sok

Colesberg Div. ; near Colesberg, Shaw,1! Var. B: set Div. ; io prapenierts

East, Bowker! Var. y: Sutherland Div.; Klein Baggorelss —- 1295!

Clanwilliam Div.; Wupperthal, Wurmb. Beaufort West Div. ; Nieuw Veld,

3000-4000 ft., Drég erset Div. ; by the Little Fi River and Great Fish

River, 2000-3000

adrian REGION : Little Namaqualand; Kamies Bergen, between Pedros

Kloof and Lily Fontein, 3000-4000 ft., Drage! Vanrhynsdorp Div. 5 Karree

Bergen, 1500 ft., Schlechter, 8235 !

The typical form is common in the Eastern parts of the Mediterranean region

and in the Western Himalaya, elsewhere (Europe, Chins Japan, South Africa)

evidently introduced. Forms very similar to the var. pectinatus occur in

i EE

Bromus. ] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 731

Afghanistan and in North-West India, whilst specimens agreeing exactly with

samples from South ge - rh been collected i in Asia Minor, the Sinai Peninsula,

Afghanistan, and St.

Steudel suggests that B. hi obec Lichtenst. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 654,

belongs to B. patulus, var. vestitu

ia maximus (Desf. Fl). Atlant. i. 95, t. 26); annual; culms

hyaline, delicate, 2-21 lin. long, fimbriate- toot ed; bla pes eee

tapering to an acute point, 4-12 in by 2-4 lin., flat, subflaccid,

dark green, margins scaberulous ; panicles erect or slightly nodding,

more or less contract ted, 4-9 in. long (inclusive of the awns) ;

axis terete, striate, dcalaalouk to hispidulous; branches 3-6-nate,

unequal, 2-1. (rarel 3-) spiculate, longest 2-3 in. long, filiform,

fl ca

rather stout ; spikelets cuneate (whe n open), 1j-1{ in. long, green,

5—7-flowered ; rhachilla slender, scabrid, joints 2-3 lin. long ; glumes

subulate to lanceolate- subulate in profile, finely acuminate, green

along the nerves, otherwise scarious, lower 1- to sub-3-nerved,

7-10 lin. long, oader, 3-nerved, 11-14 lin. long, keels

scabrid ;_ valves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, abo i

7-nerved, scabrid, upper margins and the finely bifid tips hyaline,

white; awn permanently straight, sca rid, 2-24 in. lon allus

¢ lin. long; pales narrow, abou n. long, keels remotely rigidly

ciliolate ; stamens 3 (in the South ‘Adina specimens) or 2; ers

3-11 lin. long; ovary pubescent just below the appendage; grain

linear, about 7 lin. long, strongly convexo-concave. Kunth. um.

i. 419 ; Engl. Bot. t, 2820; ed. iii. t. 1798; Retehb. Ic. Fl. Germ.

1. t. 73, Jig. 1585; Steud. ‘Syn. Pi. Glum. i. 319; Sowerby, Brit.

Grass. t. 101; Durand & Schinz, vires Fl, Afr. v. 925. B. rigidus,

Boiss. Fl. Or. v. 649, not “: of Roth

Coast Reaton: Cape Div.; by the railway at Rondebosch, Wolley Dod,

3153! by wet socks at Hout Bay Woheries, Wolley Dod, 3208! Introduced.

A native of the Mediterranean countries and Western Europe.

6. B. leptoclados (Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 453); perennial; culms

erect or subereet from a short oblique rhizome, rather stout, * more

exserted; leaves usually scantily and spreadingly hairy or almos

glabrous ; soca tight, striate or suleate, lowest thin, igs eee

not breaking up into fibres ; rie es hyaline, 1-2 lin. long; blades

linear, tapering to an acute point, 6-10 in. by 2-5 lin., flat, sub-

flaccid, dull or sometimes eee strongly striate, scaberulous

to scabrid or almost smoot below, margins scabrid, midri promi-

nent below, whitish ; panicle 6-9 in. long, erect, very lax ; axis

732 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Bromus.

slender, scabrid, striate; branches 3— tae filiform, seabrid, very

flexuous, up to 5 in. long, undivi to about the middle, then

very scantily divided, branchlets 3 —l-spiculate ; pedicels very

unequal, lateral often much shorter than the spikelets ; spikelets

linear-oblong, 8-15 lin. Jong, light green, more or less erect, very

mer ly 5-10-flowered ; thachilla very slender, joints scabrid, up to

lin. long; lumes unequal, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate in

snte acute to ad a ear yn lower 21—4 lin _ long, l-nerved,

upper broader, 31-42 ong, 3-nerved, nerves strong and scabrid ;

valves oblong-linear 1 in profile, 3-6 lin. long scaberulous or scabrid

tip, fine, 8 atti, scaberulous, 2-3 1} 5 hatad ; pales 4-5 lin. long,

keels rigidly ciliolate ; stamens 3 ; dteete about 1-14 lin. long;

ovary pubescent close below the appendage ; ; grain (when oo

linear, strongly convexo-concave. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 321;

urand & Schinz, eee PT, Afr. v. 924.

Coast Reaion: Cape Div.; Cape Peninsula, close to the irs Bele

Dod, 2302! bottom of the Kloof at the west side of the Lions Head, y Dod,

2786 ! Swellend _ mie ie ; in the forest at Grootvaders Bosch, Bur ae "7249 |

corre Div.; ae ford, Hu ton!

: Somerset Div. ; woods on Bosch Berg, 4000 ft., MacOwan,

1663! peal North Div. ; ; by the an eee, 4000-5000 ft., Drége

EastERN Reoion: Natal; Riet Vlei, 5000 ft., Buchanan, 236 !

—_ allied to the European B. , Murr., and B, scabridus, Hook. f

from Cameroon Peak, and particularly ss Te cognatus, "Steud., from Abyssinia,

7. B. natalensis eee sain hy culms erect, slender above,

1-3 ft. long, glabrous, mooth, a ut 4-noded, upper internodes ve

long, exserted ; ; sheaths nents pact or nearly sO, one ligules

hyaline, 3—3 lin. long; blades linear, over 4 in. by 12 , flat, firm,

rare striate, very Sed: hairy or glabrous ; Fabacle! erect, up to

. long, sometimes very scanty; axis terete, sigan brane es

2-6. nate, filiform, 1-spiculate, purplish, smoo oth, almost 50,

flexuous, longest up to 3 in. long; oo. lnceoate-blong, broad

when quite open, glabrous, purplish, 14-12 ong, rather loosely

7-9-flo ese rhachilla joints scabrid, 12 lin. cae glumes slightly

unequal, lanceolate in profile, long acuminate, glabrous, lower

d-63 lin. long, strongly 3-nerved, upper 63-71 lin. long, strongly

the slender tips; awn strietly eal 4-5 lin. long, straight,

scabrid ; callus short, obtuse; pales 6-7 oa long, keels loosely and

rigidly ciliolate ; anthers 3 lin. lon ng.

Var. 8, lasiophilus (Stapf) ; culms slender, scarcely 14 ft. high ; leaves shortly

hairy all over ; blades up to 3 in. by 1 lin. ; panicle very scanty, about 6-spiculate,

Bromus.] GRAMINER® (Stapf). 733

cund; axis and branchlets scabrid to hispidulous; spikelets light green or

ie with purple; nerves of glumes and valves less prominent than in the

type

EastERN REGION: Natal; without precise locality, Bacaanan, 58! Var. B:

Natal; Weenen County, South Downs, 4000 ft., Wood, 4406!

8. B. aaa are FI. Afr. Austr. 454) ; perennial ; culms erect,

rather slender, 2 ft. high, glabrous, smooth, 3-4-noded, uppermost

internodes very ee , long exserted ; leaves pubescent to subvillous

except the glabrous 1-2 uppermost sheaths ; sheaths tight, strongly

striate ; ligules hyaline, very short; blades linear, acute with a

callous ’ point, 2-3 in. by 1 lin. , flat or involute above, erect, firm,

strongly ples uppermost very mani panicle erect or somewha

nodding, very Jax, scanty, subsecu 3-5 in. long; axis terete,

glabrous, smooth, very slender ; biauehes 2° inte finely Slifoen.

smooth, purpli ish 1-spiculate, lowest 1-2 in. long, very flexuous ;

spikelets linear- -oblong, 11-21 in. long, loosely 7— 8-flowered, purplish ;

rhachilla joints 141-2 lin. long, seabrid ; glumes unequal, o oblong-

lanceolate in profile, acute, purple except at the narrow margin an

tip, very scantily pubescent, lower 33-42 lin. long, 3-nerved, upper

much broader, 5-6 lin. i e

part purpl

Straight, scabrid, 1}-3 lin. long, from close to the short minutely

2-toothed tip ; callus very short, obtuse; pales equalling the valves,

keels densely and spreadingly ciliate ; anthers 3-34 lin. long. d,

Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 321 ; Durand § Schina, Consp. #i. Afr. v. 927.

Coast Recion: Queenstown Div.; by the ee gag River, Ecklo

role a Bergen, Drége. King Williamstown Div.; Amatola Méauiain

Nees’s iu of the type of his B. speciosus fits very well the plant from

the Amatola Mountains from which the above description is drawn up, with this

ria A agi the t e describes the branches of the panicle as scabrid and the culms

thick as a hen’s quill.

the gla sate Sonne t sheath ; sheaths tight, strongly striate to

sulcate ; ligule hyaline, about 2 ‘in. long; blades linear, — with

lous point, 3-6 in. by 2-3 lin., erect, firm, strongly a very

owered

thachilla joints about 1 lin. long, seabrid to epee glumes

unequal, pubescent, lower subulate to lanceolate in profile, 2 lin.

long, 1-3-nerved, upper oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 5 lin.

long, 3~ 5-nerved ; valves lanceolate-cuneate in profile, about 6 lin,

734 GRAMINE® (Stapf). [ Bromus.

long, rather firm, pubescent to tomentose or villous, 7-nerved,

margins almost straight to the middle or somewhat beyond it, then

bent at an obtuse angle or distinetly curved towards the acute tip;

awn straight, scabrid to hispidulous, 2-2} lin. long, strictly terminal ;

callus very short, obtuse; pales equalling the valves, pubescent,

keels densely pe spreadingly ciliate. B. speciosus, var. firmior,

Ne r. 454,

Fl. Afr. Aus

blocs B, a (Stapf); uppermost internode to more than 1 ft. long,

ovth; panicle up to 8 in. long; axis smooth; br cae scaberulous to scabrid,

Cnaonk up to 4 in. long and 2-spiculate ; spikelets 1-14 in. long ; valves tinged

with purple in the upper part, but greyish from the itis tomentum, 6-8 lin

long; awn from close below the tip; anthers 6-8 lin. long.

Coast ReGion: Queenstown Div. ; e Storm Bergen, 5000-6000 00 ft.,

Drége! Var. 8: King Williamstown Div.s gin atola Mountains, Buchanan, 42!

KALAHARI REGION ar. p+ OF range Free State; Witte Baa, near

Harrismith, areal 265!

10. B. unioloides (H. B. K. Nov. Gen. i. 151); annual; culms

fascicled, erect or suberect, slender to ieice, 1-2 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, 2~-3-noded, uppermost internodes long exserted; lower

sheaths thin, pallid, finely tomentose to spreadingly villous, upper

green, prominently striate, glabrescent or glabrous and smooth;

ligules ovate, obtuse, 1-2 Le long ; Lapse linear, tapering +s an

or reduced to a raceme, from a ew inches to almost 1 ft. ihe axis

terete, striate, smooth below, pala and seaberulous above; lower

branches remote, 2—3-nate, 2-4. (rarely 5- ) spieulate, or all 1Lspieulate,

filiform, angular, seabrid, longest to 2-3 in. long ; icels very

unequal, lateral usually extremely aid spikelets erect or suberect,

8-15 lin. long, lanceolate-oblong ohisee strongly compre

light green to glaucous, 4-10-flo el 4 rhachilla very bagthe's ; joint

stout, up to 12 lin. long, scaberulous on the outer side; florets

aa elosed, cleistogamous; glumes lanceolate, acute or

nate, firm except at the narrow white hyaline margins, glabrous,

sats seat on the scaberulous keels, lower 41-61 lin. long;

5-7-nerved, upper 51-8 lin. long, 7 -9-ne rved, nerves prominent ;

ree green, whitish below, were about ae wie

pliumose ; grain strongly

a apemtir deeply tip in front, tightly adhering to the valve

and pale. Kunth, Enum. i. 415; Nees in Linnea, vii. 3195

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 36 « Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr-

sn aera gan sega ght ig sh rh a nae eran

Bromus.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 735

v. 928. B. Willdenowit, eee Rév. Gram, i. 134; Enum. i. 416.

Po, unioloides, Beauv. Agrost. Expl. planch. 1], ¢. 15, fig. 7;

Roem. § Schult. Syst. ii. 596; Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 449, 5 arab

unioloides, Willd. Hort. Berol. i. 3, ¢. 38; Enum. Hort. Berel. 115.

Coast Reaion: Cape Div.; in gardens near Capetown, Ecklon! oe Ronde-

hose Seating, Waitey Dod, 2156! 3566! Port Elizabeth Div aig ig lizabeth,

E.S.C.A. Her rb., 186! Albany Div.; very common throu ughou t the disigion.

MacOwan, 1510! Queenstown Div. ; plains near Queenstown, 3500 ft., Galpin

ao RI Re@ion: Transvaal; near Pretoria, Wilms, 1714a! near Lyden-

burg, Wins, 1 1712!

EasteRN Recion: Natal; Hermannsburg Station, 3000 ft., Buchanan, 235!

Throu ena ut America (probably a native of South America); introduced into

etn Enrope, India, Sauth Api sa. Tristan d’Acunha, &c.; often grown for

B. laxiflorus (Spreng. ex Stend. Nomencl. Bot.i, 120; Durand & Schinz, poe

Fi. Afr. Austr. v v. 928) undescribed, isa name referriug to one of Zeyher’s grasse

XCII. BRACHYPODIOM, Beauv. (in part).

Spikelets at first cylindric, then laterally compressed, in a simple

raceme or false spike with very short pedicels, with the flattened side

to the axis; rhachilla sabia, disartieulating above the glumes and

between the valves. Florets 5 to many, ¢, the alec more or

or truneate, clightly shorter than the valve, 2-keeled, keels rigidly

ciliate. Lodicules 2, 1 seicuiilates usually ciliolate. Stamens 3, rarel

2. O with a villous appendage at the top; styles laterally

Inserted on the appendage, very short; stigmas pis , laterally

exserted. Grain linear or linear-oblong, convexo-concave, adherin

more or less to the pale; embryo small ; hilum filiform, Hone

Perennial or once blades flat or setaceously involute ; racemes terminal,

joints of axis more or less hallowed out (at least the lower) on the side facing

ath spikelets ; spikelets usually few (sometimes 1), erect or spreading, rather

Tge.

Species about 15, often very difficult to discriminate, mainly in the temperate

regions of the no rthern hem ee

Annual ; anthers }-3 lin a ius (1) distachyum.

Perenn ial ; anthers 14-2 bees long

Loosely branched or ra Pa ; enlms leafy for

seve than half their rela blades we

‘ mes more xu ae SS ae (2) flexum.

ponie Cx se; leaves at ed a ase 5 ;

biadios sieue teagietaas te; racemes straight ... (3) Bolusii.

1, B. distachyum (Beauv. Agrost. 155) ; annual ; culms fascicled,

or simple or branched below, often very strongly and repeatedly

736 GRAMINEZ (Stapf). | Brachypodium.

geniculate, ascending, 3-1; ft.long, glabrous or sparingly hairy below

the nodes, smooth or slightly rough in the upper part, 3—-4-noded, inter-

nodes exserted, uppermost ultimately becoming by far the longest ;

sheaths rather tight, herbaceous, striate, spreadingly hairy or finely

pubescent or glabrescent, Ea! ciliate along the upper margins,

tinely tomentose >. the nodes ; ligules = obtuse, eae Simic

more or r less AD Cae he “all over; false spike erect, straight,

2-ranked, 4-1- (rarely to 6-) spiculate, up to 3 in. long ; rhachis

slightly rough except at the scabrid margins, striate ; S sarpaaee stout,

very short or obsolete; spikelets erect, mae e 34 to more than

1 in. long, glabrous or sparingly hairy, 6 2-flowered ; fae

firmly duabenesh

in the lowest florets; pales about 33 lin. long, keels very rigidly

ciliate in the upper part ; stamens : oy the South African specimens)

g; grain oblong-linear,

t.10; Durand & Schinz, aes Fl. Afr. v. 929. Bromus distachyos,

Linn. Amen. iv. 304; Host, Gram. Austr. i. t. 20. B. ciliatus,

Lam. Fl. Frane. iii. 609. Festuca ciliata, clei Hort. Monsp.

48 and 547. F. monostachya, Poir. Voy. Bar . 98; Desf. Fl.

Atl. i. 92, ¢. 24; fig. 2. FF rbenogei Willd. pee . Hort. Berol.

i 118; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 317. Triticum ciliatum, DC.

Fl. France. iii. 85; Kunth, Enum. i. 447. rage ee distachya,

Link, Hort. Berol. i. 43. Reichd. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 14, fig. 1368 ;

Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 458.

ReeGion: Cape Div.; 3 near Capetown, nag Barc beyond Alphen

Bridge, Wolley Dod, 3488! shore between Sea Poi d Camps Bay, and

common in grassy places all over Signal Hill, Wolley od pai by the railway

between Maitland and Bridge, Wolley Dod, 3226! Ge eorge Div.; in the Karroo

by the Gauritz Bi ers Ecklon

ENTRAL REG Aberdeen Div.; in the Camdeboo Mountains, Drége!

A native of me aalhgauan region.

Brachypodium.] GRAMINEX (Stapf). 737

so or glabrous and scabrid or scaberulous on the lower side ; false

very short, up to 2 lin. long, finely puberulous to almost glabrous ;

spikelets usually more or less ae Lied in. long, “glabrous,

)

up to 33 lin. long, shorter in the lower florets; pales 33 to rey

pace le one in the upper Sag ; anthers over 131

long, linear, d & Schinz, Consp. Fl . Afr v. 929 (the cae

as Pidiee isa: Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 316.

bags B, gi me ere tapf) ; ae very rough

blades more rigid and hispid than in the cat false ‘ak Meld axis

scabrid apikeldte erect ; glumes and valves more or less pubescen

VaR -y, simplex larg 1h culms simple, up to more than 2 ft. any erect, rough

from minute reversed hairs to reversedly hirsute, rarely smooth towards the

panicle ; pani _ = to } ft, long, fea tane 5 spikelets erect or aeondin: up to

1? in. lon ng, and to 18-flowered, glabrous, scaberulous ; glumes and valves by

about 3-3 foes than in the type.

Var. 3, tenue (Stapf); culms as in the type, but very slender; leaves Met

glaucous, at hairy to glabrous 5 false spike and spikelets very slender

florets loose and very narrow after fl g.

ReGIon : Cape Div. ; near as Burchell, ae, agbinerenn pith ;

n the forest <t: Grootvaders Bosch, gees Ul, gee sels

Strand Fontein and Matjes — —- ft, ps igor

locality, Ecklon § Zeyher, 563 ! et Cape . tes : “Old road ag ‘Geaien

Nek, Wolley Dod, 2385!

TRAL REGION: Somerset Div.; in woods at the foot of Bosch Berg,

2800 ft. Bee ig 1495! ae

Katana ARI ReGion: Orange e State; on the Witte Bergen near Harri-

smith, Buchanan, 261! re Treva Houtbosth, Rehman, 5734!

East TERN REGION: atal; Um and base of Biggars Ber, re,

Diskinien, 104! on the ees Tange, eee Newcastle rea ete an, 198!

and without precise locality, Buchanan, 60! 61! Nat ; Umpamnlo,

2400 ft., Buchanan, 233! and without precise locality, aa rf !

B. fleewm resembles very much B. sylvaticum, Beauv., ino esto a

rodu m ves

than 2 the length of the culm, long exserted ; leaves seated at the

base, lower sheaths compressed, subflabellate, keeled, whitish, striate,

labrous or scantily hairy, subpersistent, upper terete, fin ely and

Stier hairy ; ligules very short, truncate ; blades linear. -lanceo-

738 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [ Brachypodium.

late to linear, acute, 2-31 (rarely to 6) in. by 2-3 lin., flat, rather

ne Lecionae: hispid all over, ii keh a spikelets ai aes or

lanceolate to eaiehs, acute or mucronulate firm, a renee “up to

3 lin. long, 4-nerved, upper 32 lin. long, 7-nerved, scaberulous ;

pales slightly shorter than the valves, a rigidly ciliolate ; grain

aa -oblong, 3 lin. long

NTRAL REGION: Graaf R t Div.; rocky places on Compass Berg,

sce ft., about 100-200 ft. below the niles Bolus, 1986 !

XCIII. LOLIUM, Linn.

Spikelets usually more or less compressed, 2-ranked, alternate,

sessile in the hollows of the rhachis of a sim sis spike ; rhachilla

abivss, disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves.

Florets 3-11, or sometimes more, or the uppermost reduced.

Glumes of terminal spikelets equal and tig lower suppressed in

the lateral spikelets, upper linear to oblon 8 tuse to acute, flat

or slightly rounded, coriaceous, prominent ve Q-nerved, Valves

oblong, rounded on the back, subobtuse, si 2-toothed (or acute

en Lodicu

with a lateral tooth. Ovary glabrous, truncate ; styles distinct, very

short ; stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. Grain elliptic-oblong to

linear-oblong, tightly enclosed by the valve and pale, adhering

both; embryo short ; hilum linear, almost as long as the grain.

Annual or perennial ; ‘Wadien linear, flat; ligules hyaline; spikes term! inal 5

oF the vhne more or less erect, 2-ranked, with the (upper) glume opposite the hollow

of t.

: Speci : asta es the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, else-

where introduce

a — the — = alled or exceeded by

e glu (1) temulentum.

‘Pisses 79 om id:

~— vr tall; spikes 4-1 ft axis rather

ender ; pi ae —- chao the spikelet (2) multifiorum.

Short 3 Spikes } ; axis stout and

ff; glume equalling a wikete ie, WD cp. aes hive i

ttbeellioides.

1. L. temulentum (Linn. Sp. Plant. 83); annual ; culms fascieled ot

solitary, erect, rather stout, straight, 1-12 ft. long, glabrous, rough, at

least in the upper part, 2_4-noded, uppermost internode usually long

exserted; leaves glabrous; sheaths rather tight, anette striate;

ligules very short, truncate ; blades linear, acute, 1-1 ft. by 2-3 lin.,

flat, rough all over or only on the upper side and along the margins

spikes erect, j-1 ft. long, of rather numerous (10-20) spikelets; ,

axis rather stout, slightly rough or smooth on the back; spike elets

laste

Lolium.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 739

about the length of the internodes, or the lower shorter and more

distant, the upper more approximate, laterally compressed, 5-9 lin.

long, 5- 9-flowered ; florets turgid; upper glume oblong, equalling or

somewhat exceeding the uppermost floret, subobtuse to acute, very

rigid, flat, glabrous, smooth, 7-9-nerved ; valves ier ee -oblong,

obtuse or subobtuse, muticous or usually awned, 3-3} lin. long,

rounded on the back, herbaceous-chartaceous, smooth, 5-nerv ed, tips

rather broad, hyaline, obscurely 2-toothed ; awn : subterminal, straight,

rather stout at the pric seaberulous, up to 8 n. long; pales broad,

keels green, stout; anthers over 1 lin. long; gers elliptic-oblong,

re srooved i in 2 fee slightly shorter than the pale. . Dan.

160; Host, Gra P hiatal 1b; 26; Engl. a t. 1124; Knapp,

eeme Brit. 101 ; wag in Linnea, vii. 304; Fl. Afr. Austr, 364 ;

‘unth, Enum. i. 437 ; Reichb, Ie. Fl. Germ. i. 4. ri figs 1342- as ; Steud.

Syn. Pl. Glum, i. 340; Durand § Schinz, Consp. Fl . Afr.

Coast gee Malmesbury Div. ; near Riebeeks Castle, 500-1000 hey ee

Cape Div. ; cultivated ground near Muizenberg Vlei, Wolley Dod, 3567! Klem

OO;

3474! woods above Newlands Avenue, Wolley Dod, 2131! Stellenbosch Div. ;

sd pont gaan in cornfields, Ecklon. Queenstown Div.; Shiloh, 3500 ft.,

1140!

Crvrar Reeves Calvinia Div.; Onder Bokke Veld near Bok Fontein,

2500 ft.

Kata ae maori GriqualandWest, Hay Div. ; near Griqua Town, Burchell,

1936! Transvaal ; Matebe Valley, Holub /

Eastern Region: Natal, Buchanan, 50!

2. L. multifiorum (Lam. Fl. Franc. iii, 621); annual ; culms

fascicled, geniculate, ascending or erect, 1;-3 tt. long, clabrous,

Pape ae

shane on the

os light green, or tinged ith purple above, 5-nerved,

smooth ; awn (when present) straight, very tine, 23-4 lin. long, close

to the short hyaline minutely 2-toothed tip; keels of pales green,

rested, seabrid ; hers 14-2 lin. long; grain linear-oblong,

heuiteote. 12 lin. long, deeply channelled in front, adhering to

valve an nd pale. Kunth, Enum. i. 436; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 5,

g. 1345; oy Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 340 ; Durand & Schinz, Conep.

FL Afr. vy

3B2

740 GRAMINEH (Stapf). | Lolium.

Coast Reerton: Cape Div. ; Rondebosch Lae Wolley Dod, 3560! culti-

vated field near the Salt River, "Wolley Dod, 3

A native of Central Europe and the Mediterranean countries.

L. rigidum ets Ps Helv. i. 834) var. rottbeellioides

(Heian ex Boiss. Fl. we 680) ; annual ; culms fascicled or solitary,

erect or ascending, +— ft ‘long, g clabrous, smooth, sheathed all along

or nearly so, 2—3- iii « louves. glabrous, amooth s sheaths striate,

herbaceous, ‘sometimes purplish ; ligules very short, truncate, often

produced into an obtuse auricle oe one side; blades ‘Hines, tapering

to an acute point, 21-5 in. by 14-2 lin., flat or involute, rather firm,

erect or at spreading ee shee or curved, fe to more than 6 in. long,

the spikelets ; ; ae 4-6 lin. long, 3-5-flowered, very slightly

gaping when in flower ; rhachilla glabrous, much compressed ; upper

glume oblong-linear, obtuse or ssubobtuse, slightly exceeding or

equalling the uppermost floret, very rigid, flat, glabrous, smooth,

prominently 7-nerved; valves ‘oblong, ae to acute, awnles ss or

the uppermost finely mucronate, 21 lin. long, flat on the back, sub-

chartaceous, whitish or light green, smooth, 5-nerved, tip hyaline ;

keels thinly crested or winged, scaberulous ; anthers 3—% lin. long;

grain elliptic-oblong, strongly compressed from the back, scarcely

] Lolium lepturoides, Boiss, Diagn. ser. i. fase. 13,

L. subulatum, Vis. Fl. Dalm. i. i ae Rottbeellia loliacea, Bory

§ Ohaub. Fl. Pelop. 9, t. 3, fig. 2. Crypturus loliaceus, Link in

Linnea, xvii. 387.

Coast Region: Cape Div.; Cape Peninsula, near Maitland Station, Wolley

Dod, 3324! waste a. near Westerford Bridge, Wolley Dod, 1823!

The variety is otherwise only known vio py rags A and a few places in

Levant. It differs from the type mainly in the shorter, stouter growth,

the relatively longer upper glume, fewer fhoeets and smaller anthers.

XCIV. LEPTURUS, R. Br.

Spikelets ngewe pomarne more or less immersed in the hollows

of the rhac mple, terminal, more or less articulate, iy?

or ineurved spike thachilla very slender, glabrous. Florets 1 or 2,

3. pha entlia charlie hing "equa alling the valves, faintly

2-nerved. Lodicules 2, fleshy below, hyaline above. Stamens 3.

Ovary glabrous, Coumadin ; styles digtinet, very short; stigmas

laterally ra rted, plumose. Grain oblong, dorsally more or less

compressed, free in the unaltered floret arid enclosed with it by the

hollow of _ rhachis and the glume; hilum linear, rather short;

embryo shor

—

Lepturus.] GRAMINE& (Stapf). 741

Small, annual or creeping perennial see: blades flat or ree fata

membranous, short ; spik slender, more or less cylindric, straight urved,

disarticulating when spe or almost tolaghs lower glume sp radian wane

flowering, then adpressed

Species 3, in the warm coast regions of the Old World.

1. L. cylindricus (Trin. Fund. Agrost. 123); annual, 1-1 ft.

high ; eulms fascicled and branched or simple, geniculate, ascending

or suberect, glabrous, smooth, 3-5- (rarely more- noded, usually

sheathed all along or intermediate internodes shortly exserted ; leaves

glabrous; sheaths smooth, pont tight; ligules very short, hyaline,

truncate, aap slightly p uced on one side; lades narrow,

linear, tapering to a fine point, 2-6 in in, by 1 lin., flat or involute, soft

or somewhat rigid, finely or obscurely seaberulous above and along

the margins ; spike slender, cylindric, erect, straight or slightly curved,

2-8 in. long; rhachis dull green, slight] — smooth, subar-

spikelets pieced i to each jo sii or plage ai 28 badass

always longer than the joint, 2-32 lin. long, 1-flowered ; lower glume

0; upper laneeolate-linear, very ‘acute, thick, very hard, sare

5-7-nerved, smooth; valve lanceolate-oblong, aeute, 2-9 2 lin. long,

hyaline, 3-nerv ed ; le delicately 2-nerved, hyaline, minutely

2-toothed ; anthers linear, about 1 lin. loug; grain oblong, elliptic

in cross section or semiterete, 12 lin. long. Webb § Berth. His f

Nat. Canar. iii. iii, 424. ZL. subulatus, Kunth, Rév. Gram

151; Enum. i. 462; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. B57. Kotthollia

cylindrica, Willd. Sp. Plant. i.464 (in part). R. emery Savi, ae

Cent. 35, and in Nuovo Giorn. Pis. 1806, 230, figs. 4and 8. Moner

subulata, Nees in Linnea, vii. 280; Fl. Afr. Austr. 136; and en.

1. ¢.88; Durand § Schina, Consp. Fl. Afr. v. 9381. Df. ‘cylindrica,

tc. Ophiurus cylindricus, Beauv.

li, 171. 0. subulatus, Link, bc. i. 3; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 3,

Jig. 1335.

Coast Region: Cape Div.; stony places on Table oh A aloes i a

pe nernet Hrg Wolley D , 2244! common about oo .

4 A near Tulbagh Waterfall, Zeyher ! Uniondal iv. ;

Mountains, near Avontuur, Bales F ihe sae aioe Div. ; by ie ig Pnrore:

River, near Uitenhage, Drége/ near Uite nder

ar in the Mediterranean countries ; tuna in Australia and North

Amer

XCV. OROPETIUM, Trin.

Spikelets sessile, solitary, more or less immersed in the hollows of

the rhachis of a ‘simple distichous terminal spike; rhachilla very

slender, glabrous, disarticulating above the glumes and between the

valves. Flor ge or uppermost rudimentary, shorter than the

upper glume. terminal spikelet equal and similar, lower

glume of the "sts spikelets suppressed or (if present) more or less

742 GRAMINEE (Stapf). [ Oropetiwm.

reduced, sometimes split in 2, upper very narrow, rigid, except at the

hyaline margins, subacute to acuminate, 1—-3-nerved, nerves often more

or less confluent into a broad rigid midrib. Valves oblong or lanceolate

in profile, elliptic to broadly oblong when expanded, distinctly or

obscurely keeled, at least in the upper part, truncate or minutely

3-toothed, hyaline, glabrous, hairy along the nerves, finely 3-nerved ;

callus bearded. Pales equalling the valves, faintly 2-nerved.

Lodieules 2, minute, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles

slender, distinct ; stigmas laterally exserted. Grain oblong, sub-

terete or slightly compressed from the sides; embryo about } the

length of the grain ; hilum punctiform, basal.

Dwarf densely tufted perennials, rarely annuals; blades setaceous; ligule

hyaline, ciliate, short; spikes very slender, straight or gradually curved ;

mS closely or loosely 2-ranked on the opposite or subopposite sides of the

acnis.

Species 6, in the dry regions of India, Algeria, and South Africa.

The renewed examination of this genus has led me to the conclusion that its

proper place is in Chloride near Microchloa, notwithstanding the superficial

resemblance to Lepturus. It includes also the North African genus Kralikia,

Coss. (Kralikiella, Coss. & Dur.; Arcangelina, O. Kuntze).

or quite glabrous, scaberulous on the upper side, smoot below ;

spike 1—% in. long, erect, straight, very slender, with the base

enclosed in the uppermost sheath ; rhachis slender, quadrangular,

sides striate; spikelets 1-11 lin. long, 1-flowered; rhachilla con-

tinued as a short glabrous bristle ; lower glume of lateral spikelets

suppressed, upper lanceolate-subulate, acute or acuminate, 13-1; lin.

long, rigid, except at the hyaline margins, 3-nerved ; valve lanceolate

in profile, 3-toothed, 1 lin. long, hyaline, 3-nerved, nerves pereurrent

or very shortly excurrent ; anthers linear, 1 lin. long ; grain /inear-

oblong, subterete.

ENTRAL REGION : Somerset Div.; near Somerset East, MacOwan !

Katanart Recion: Griqualand West; on the Asbestos Mountains, Burchell,

2057! plains at the foot of the Asbestos Mountains between Kloof village a”

Witte Water, Burchell, 2091!

Also in German South-West Africa, Herercland (Dinter).

XCVI. AGROPYRUM, Gaertn.

Spikelets more or less laterally compressed, alternate, distichous,

ssile at the hollows of, and with the flattened side to, the tough oF

disarticulating rhachis of a simple spike ; rhachilla disarticulating above

the glumes and between the valves or almost tough. Florets 3 to many;

3 or the uppermost reduced, exceeding the glumes. G@lumes equal or

Ne a Oe Re ge Te a en es

Ror Pant ante Be

Agropyrum. | GRAMINEX (Stapf). 743

subequal, lanceolate, linear or oblong, rigid, "aioe dome! 5- to many-

nerved, usually somewhat asymmetrical, lves lanceolate to oblong

a :

or i lobed, densely ciliate. fe i aur, id

oh villous top; styles hardly any; stigmas delicately

ee Grain tightly enclosed and adhering to the valve and

eile a or mai least to the latter, linear-oblong, plano- or — concavo-

convex ; embryo short; hilum filiform as long as the grai

pear with an Bee ten long creeping rhizome; blades fla . or convolute ;

ligule rious; spik usually long and slender, rigid, rarely stout (in

veal South African N oiaas spikelets adpressed to the rhaalitas usually rather

s 30-35, mainly in the temperate region of Europe and Asia, 1 or 2

widely. Piolo weeds,

1. A. distichum (Beauv. Agrost. 146) ; perennial ; culms ascend-

ing from a long creeping slender brane hed rhizome, 1-12 ft. high,

stout, glabrous, smooth, closely sheathed all along, many-noded ;

sheaths rather loose or ‘the upper tumid, smooth, eres somewhat

ligules membranous, ae 11 lin. long; blades se auluiese e-

convolute, subpunge ent, 3 t more than 1 ft. by as much as 3} lin.

closely striate above, very m nutely and dens ely tomentose above ;

spike erect, straight, very steak "3-6 in. long, of 3- -16 spikelets ; rhachis

stout, very fragile ; internodes much shorter than the spikelets,

mucronate with 2 lateral teeth, lowest 9-10 lin. long, subcoriaceous,

smooth, 7-9. nerved, keeled in the upper one pales Seem

minutely truncate , 62 -72 lin. by almost 3 lin. (when flat), v:

finely velvety all over, keels broadly winged, wings densely catisteaet ;

anthers 32 lin. long. Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii. 756. A. junceum,

Durand & Schinz, hon Fl Afr. v. 935. Triticum junceum, var.

macrostachyum, Nees, _Fi. Afr. Avietr. 366. T. distichum, Thunb.

Prodr. 23; Fl. Cap, i. 440; ed. Schult. i. 119; Kunth, Enum. i.

448,

Coast Reeion: Cape Diy.; shore at Simons Town, towards Fish Hoek,

Wolley Dod, 2061! Knysna Div.; between Groene Valley and Zwart Valley,

Burchell, 5668! Uitenhage Div.; at the mouth of Van Stadens River, MacOwan,

744 GRAMINEX (Stapf). [Agropyrum.

703 ! * pig salt, marshy spots near the mouth of the Zwartkops River, Ecklon

Sy Zeyher, 657 !

ni ne: ai allied to A. junceum, Beauv., but differing in the larger spikelets,

broader, 7-9- (not 5-) nerved valves and broader pales.

XCVIT. HORDEUM, Linn.

Spikelets in ib of 3 at the nodes of the disarticulating (except

in cultivated forms) rhachis of a dense spike; r achilla tough,

produced as a aca ay the me sometimes ee a rudi-

mentary valve. Flore¢ 1, g in the intermediate spikelet, oor

barren (¢ sometimes in ee races) in the lateral. Glum

subulate or bristle-like or narrowly linear and awned, rigid, 1 =

abl ae persistent, more or less collateral and together forming a

kind of involuere. Valves lanceolate, subinvolute, rounded on the

back, gradually produced into a bristle-like awn, 5-nerved. Pale about

as long as the valve (exclusive of the art), 2-keeled, narrowed,

deeply. folded between the keels, Lodicules 2, lanceolate, ciliate or

ciliolate, hyaline. Stamens 3. Ovary villous at the to ee pd

emi short ; flean filiform, very long

Perennial or annual; blades flat; ligules hyal ne; spike cylindric, den

esa very bristly from the awns and bristle-like glumes, usually very fragile

in the

seid Se 12, mainly in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.

eden all the glumes alike, subulate-aristate .. (1) secalinum..

Ann ; glumes of the intermediate spi Kelet and usually

mee inner of the lateral sogiiet narrow, linear-lanceo-

late, ci eo . ... (2) murinum.

1. H, secalinum (Schreb. Spicil. Fl. Lips. 148) ; erie tufted ;

culms slender, erect or geniculate-ascending, 1-2 ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, 4-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths Lace tight, thin,

striate, glabrous, or the lower hairy, at length withering away OF

breaking up into fine fibres ; ligule very short, truneate, hyaline ;

blades linear, long tapering to a fine point, 2-10 in. by 13-3 lin.,

flat, slightly involute, somewhat stiff to flaccid, i anew glabrous,

or sparingly hairy, closely striate and scabrid on the upper side ;

spike erect, straight or flexuous, 1-3 in. long, light green to glaucous,

bristle often purple; rhachis fragile, flattened, margins scabrid ;

of the intermediate spikelet ‘ak to the eek

less distant from it; valve of ¢ floret lanceolate, subinvolute,

gradually narrowed into the awn, 31-4} lin, long, herbaceous

chartaceous, smooth or scabrid in the upper part, 5-nerved; aw?

exceeding the glumes ; pales narrow, keels scaberulous ; anthers ovet

Hordeum.] GRAMINEZ (Stapf). 745

2 lin. long; grain more or less adhering to the valve and pale,

oblong, 2 lin, long, semiterete, deeply grooved in front; embryo

> lin. long ; 3 or barren spikelets similar ‘to the 3, but smaller and

with the awn exceeded by the glumes. Host, Gram. Austr. i. 26, t.

a Trin. Ic. Gram. i. t. 3; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr.

94 3. H. pratense, Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. ii. 56; Engl. Bot. t.

409 ; 3 Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 352; Kunth, Enum. i 455; Reichb.

Ie. Fl. Germ. t. ll, fg. 1363; Knapp, Gram. Brit. 105.

Hl, murinum B, Lin nn. Sp. "Plant. 85. H. capense, Thunb. Prodr. 23 ;

Fl. Cap, i. 441 ; ed. Schult. 1.119 ; Nees in Linnea, vi. 305, and Fl.

Afr. Austr. 362 ; Kunth, Enum. i. 456 ; my Syn. Pi. ‘Glum. i,

353; Durand &§ Schina, Consp. PL. “Afr. ¥

Coast Ree ON: Malmesbury Div. ; Saldanha Bay and Zwartland, Thunberg !

Cape Div 7 thetiwsel able Mountain and Devils Mountain, Bergius. Paarden

5! Victoria West Div n Brak Ri

Itech 30004 4000 ft., Drege. Aliwal North Div. 5 bys Ae Kraai River, Drege!

Albe a Div. P wilkeat prise locality, Cooper,

ihe ig em e Namaqualand ; shen Pedros Kloof and Lily

Footein, 000-4000

AHARI cbt ncn Free State, Hutton !

Temperate regions of the northern hemisphere ; probably introduced into the

Cape Colon ny.

2. H. murinum (Linn. Sp. Plant. 85, exel. var. B) annual, tufted ;

culms erect or usually geben eit nding, 3-1; ft. long, glabrous,

smooth, about 4-noded, sheathe along or some of the internodes

loosely hairy on both sides; spikes ereet or nodding, 13-3 in. long,

light green ; thachis fragile, flattened, margins scabrid ; spikelets

3 So each node te sessile, lateral shortly pedicelled, ¢ or

tren; glumes of the intermediate spikelet equal, very narrow, lanceo-

‘wheres produeed into a stiff scabrid awn, 4-5 lin. long (with the

awn up " 1 in, long), 1-nerved, rigid, scabrid on the back, glabrous or

airy e inner side en in the argins ca: inous,

rigidly tae ; valve somewhat distant, lanceolate, compressed from

the back, subinvolute, about 5 li , her -C

in.

long ; pales narrow, keels smooth or almost so, hairy on the upper

(inne as side, sometimes also on the back above; anthers }-1 lin.

746 GRAMINEH (Stapf). | Hordeum.

ong ; grain adhering to the valve and pale, 2-24 lin. long, deeply

channelled ; 3d or barren spikelets very similar to ‘the 3, but glumes

usually unequal, outer reduced to a seabrid bristle and usually

longer than need a (1-12 in. long) which is ciliate only on the

inner side o at all; valve up to 8 lin. long and like the pale

usually more he than in the g. Fl. Dan. t. 629; Engl. Bot, t.

1971; Host, Gram. Austr. i. t. 32; Kunth, Enum. i. 456; Nees tn

Linnea, vii. 304, and Fl. Afr. Austr. 363 ; es Syn. Pl. Glum.

1.352; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. v

i ReEGIonN: ee. ao near ea 800 ft., Schlechter,

8595! Cape Div.; near Capeto , Ecklon, 974! Hout Bay Fisheries, Wolley

Dod, 1561 ! Mossel Bay Div. ; pie ‘the _Gaurite River, Burchell, 6483! Albany

Div. ; by a near Graham , 1800-2 t., MacOwan, 1285!

Wesrern Recor pevcus Numaqealnd between Pedros Kloof and Lily

Fontein, 9000-4000 i be

A very widely spread a vn Mediterranean origin.

XCVIIL. OLYRA, Linn.

Spikelets unisexual, heteromorphous, both sexes in the same

panicle or sometimes in different panicles of the same or very rarely

of different individuals; rhachilla disarticulating below the valve.

& spikelets smaller than the ?, in mixed panicles below them and

spent more numerou os Glumes suppressed, indicated by

tion er the rhachilla. Valve a to almost subulate in profile,

acuminate or caudate-awned, membranous, ate Pale eile

than the valve, 2-nerved. Lodicules 3, or 0 (2). Stamens 3.

Ovary 0. 9 spikelets terminal, or terminal and lateral on ie

branches or cc Gis of the eel above the ¢, 1-llow red.

Glumes subequal and similar, ovate to lanceolate, saat or

-nerved. Lodicules 3, truncate-cuneate. Stamens 0.

Ovary glabrous, acuminate; style simple below or beyond the

middle; stigmas plumose, terminally exserted. Grain pe

enclosed by the hardened valve and pale, biconvex ; embryo short

um linear, almost as long as the grain

Branched, tall or dwarf Limes blades convolute in bud, then flat, often

broad and —_ umetric, shortly petioled, transversely veined ; ligules papery

very short ; icles termin apolar ae with 1 or few gciars coional ones,

rarely all axiltery: often decompound.

Species about 20, in tropical America, 1 of them extending to tropical Afriet,

the Mascarene Islands and Zululand.

1, 0. latifolia (Linn. Ameen. Acad. v. 408); omer sea erect,

branched 3-8 ft. high, glabrous, very smooth, rarely sient

y near the nodes, many-noded, sheathed all ema or pate upper

“ae

Ol <i GRAMINER — 747

blades lanceolate-oblong or ovate-oblong, ae pereeniatly at

the rounded base, peas mage acuminate, 4— —23 in., flat,

glaucous, glabrous except quite at the base, zine sparingly hairy,

slightly rough eu bout 11-19 primary nerves romi ent

the uppermost leaf axil, 3-6 in. long, rather contracted or sub-

pyramidal; axis slender, angular, pubescent; branches solitary or

sometimes fascicled, subflexuous or straight, angular, pubescent ;

pedicels adpressed, of the spikelets filiform, of the 9?

clavate; ¢ spikelets — linear-lanceolate, acuminate, awned

from the valve, glabrous ; glumes quite rudimentary forming

i the ti

an awn of about equal length, 13-2 lin. long, 3-nerved ; lod

cuneate, thin ; anthers over 1 lin, wie t 2 spikelets solitary and terminal

on the tips of the branches, or 2—3, rarely more, below the terminal

acuminate or shortly caudate-acuminate, about 4 lin. long, 5-7-nerved,

upper produced into a flexuous scabrid awn of equal or greater

length, 7~9-nerved ; vale ovate-elliptic, obtuse, 2-3 lin. long, white

Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. ii. 316. O. paniculata, Sw. Prodr. 21;

347; Trin. Panic. Gen. 23, and in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 6, iii.

(1835) 111 See Gram. t. 346; Kunth, Enum. i. 69 ; Steud. Syn. Pt.

Glum. i. . . brevifolia, Schum. in Schum . & Thonn. Beskr.

Guin. Pl, vig 0. ~ ineensis, Steud. le. 37 ; " Durand § Schinz,

Consp. Fl. Afr. v.

EASTERN dean gions in Ungoya Forest, Wood, 3856! Ongor,

Gerrard § McKen, 2014!

Tropical Paes and Africa and in the Mascarene Islands,

XCIX. ARUNDINABRIA, Mich.

Spikelets often long, more or less compressed or subeylindric,

variously panicled or racemose ; rhachilla tardily disarticulating above

uppermost reduced. Glumes 2 or 1, unequal, herbaceous to mem-

branous, variously nerved. Valves usually similar to the glumes,

but larger, subobtuse, acute, acuminate or mucronate, rounded on the

k, mem branous-herbaceous, sg Hos oded. Lodicules 3, ovate or

lanceolate, ciliate amens 3. ry glabrous or often hairy at

top ; styles 9-3, connate at ie bate stigmas loosely plum

rt Grat

y ? osed

and pale, grooved in front ; embryo short ; ag se long, filiform

748 GRAMINEH (Stapf). | Arudinaria.

Erect or climbing shrubs ; culms slender ; pg ~~ prominent, meses

rather short ; branches fascicled at the n odes; blades articulate on the she

shortly petioled, distinetly transversely ‘aioe panic oP es or racem pees

leafy, terminal on leafy culms or on separate culins s; spikelets after partially

enclosed in bract-like sheaths

About 50 sat in tropical and subtropical Asia and America and iu temperate

Eastern Asi

1. A. tesselata (Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 31); shrubby

or arborescent, 5-20 ft. high; old culms over 4 lin. thiek below,

fistulous like the very slender ‘crowded leaf- bearing branches, terete,

very smooth, internodes of the branches usually less than 2 in. long ;

sheaths at the base of the branches bladeless or almost so, scarious

to subscarious, striate, smooth, the rest coriaceous, very tight,

slightly striate, ciliate along the upper and outer margins and

fugaciously fimbriate at the mouth, otherwise glabrous; ligules

short, obtuse or sometimes produced and up to 2 lin. long; “fully

developed blades 3-4 at the tips of the branches, lanceolate to linear-

lanceolate from a rounded or attenuated base, shortly acute or long

transverse veins ¢ ose and Sais very ant ae Kew Rae

1878, 47. Nastus tesselatus, Nees, Afr. Austr. 463;

Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 333; Durand ng par Consp. Fl. Afr.

v. 944.

Coast ReGion : Sg li Div. ; Table Mountain, rpg te ft., Drége.

Stockenstrom sl. ; Kat g, 4000-5000 ft., Drége ! Winter Berg, Ec klon

ENTRAL GION: Atal North Div. ; én the Witte Bergen, in rocky ode

valleys, 5000-6000 ft

KALAWARI eaten’ Basutoland Cooper, mer

Eastern ReGion: Natal; edge of bush P cae Hoek Pass, 4500 f

Wood, 3668! s aks places near vie Reenens Teel 8000 ft., Schlechter, ail.

The position of ss — in Arundinaria is somewhat —— as dhe

flowers are unknown. It flowers probably like many other Bamboos

long sigh om No opportunity of collecting flowering specimens Ama ‘here-

fore be m is the so-called Mountain (Berg) Bamboo of the Drakens-

be rae it sit owker to ‘‘an unlimited extent, mostly

0 : e n the most exposed p.”"

Mountains (Bam , on the border of Albert and Cradock Division, have

s Berg), on

most probably derived ire: name ‘hear this species. The canes are much used

&e.

Spikelets in sessile —— on gees. branehlets of usually

large leafless or sometimes leafy compound panicles; rhachilla

disarticulating above the aeiat and below the valves. Florets 2

to many, ¢ or the uppermost 3 , or the lower sometimes barren-

Bambusa.] GRAMINER (Stapf). 749

Glumes gradually passing into the valves and like these rigidly

membranous to subco oriaceous, muticous or mucronate- -acuminate,

upper larger. Valves ovate- lanceolat ate, many-nerved. Pades equal

to the valves, prominently 2-keeled, keels ciliate or not. Lodicules

3, membranous, generally obtuse, ciliate. Stamens 6; filaments

conspicuo

Arborescent or paipene rarely climbing, sometimes thorny; culms from a

thick ieee usually czespitose, sometimes stoloniferous; blades medium-sized,

rarely large, linear or pe ae lanceolate, acuminate, shortly petioled ; panicles

often very compound

Species about 50, in a Asia, 1 in North-Hast Australia ; elsewhere only

cultivated or as escapes

. B. Baleooa (Roxb. Hort. Beng. 25; Fi. Ind. ii. 196) ; tall,

eck exspitose ; culms 50-70 ft. high, 3-6 in. in diam., branehed

om th

. st s

hairy on the upper side, ciliate along the margins, bearing sho

toesgulat -suricled 3 ae — blades, following sheaths 10-14 in. by

8-10in en exp exc e margins,

tru neate, sei some blades, 6-8 in. by he in., ene hairy,

rounded at the base and then again decurrent on the sheath 3 upper

panicle large, compoun nd; rhachis pubescent or scurfy, striate ;

branches long ; sor rs of few to many spikelets, bracteate ; spike-

lets ovoid-lanceolate, 31-8 lin. by 23-3} lin., up to 7-Hlowered,

greenish, straw- ica or brow nish ; glum s 2-0, very concave,

ovate, acute, many-nerved, if 2, the lower smaller, upper intermediate

between it and the lowest valve, beth with a small or rudimentary

bud in the axil; valves ovate-lanceolate to pare in profile, acute or

mucronate, up tod 4 lin. long, herbaceous-subcoriaceous, many-nerved,

margins ciliate above; pale acutely 2-keeled, keels long re

back 5-nerved adele the keels, flaps about 3-nerved ; 1

oblong to obovate, 3- eames ciliate, up to 1 lin. long ; aatiene

hardly saciid anthers 21 lin. lon , glabrous; ovary hairy,

ere olga into the ‘llons style, this ese 2 lin. long ; stigmas 3,

ender. Munro in Trans. Linn . 100; Gamble in Ann.

Bot. Gard. Caleutta, vii. 42. B. ssbiad “Dapis Bamb. 54, t. 12,

fig. 54; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. i. 330; Durand & Schinz, Consp.

750 GRAMINE& (Stapf). [Bambusa.

Fi, AP -% B. vulgaris, Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 462 (excel.

syn.), not of Sind Durand & Schinz, l.c.

Souta AFRICA: without precise locality, Mund! Zeyher

preitd REGION : u h Div.; in a garden at Winter Hoek, Burchell,

bag’

045/3! ‘George District,” 2cklon. Uitenhage Div.; by the Zwartkops

ieee near Paul Mare’s Estate, Ecklon

A native of lower Bengal and Assan.

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

1. Xyris decipiens (N. E. Brown). This species is not a member

of the South African Flora. All Curror’s plants were collected in

Angola, and the locality “south of the Tropie”’ (given on p. 4) is

an error

8. Xyris filiformis (Lam.). For this name substitute X. stra-

minea (Nilss.), given in the synonymy. The description on p. 7 is

entirely drawn up from X. straminea. The true X. filiformis, Lam.,

pales: to analyses and drawings made from the type-specimen at

34a. Restio seen urvus (N. E. Brown); plant about 3-1 ft.

high ; stems czspitose, slender, branching at the base, irregularly

membranous, straw-coloured ; outer lateral segments 1} lin. long,

densely ciliate with brown hairs on the keel ; inner segments 13 lin,

long, oblong, big ; anthers narrowly oblong, apiculate; female

sata not see

Coas — Div.; on the mountain sides of Garcias Pass,

1000 ft., roma 4785

Allie ies R. curviranis, Kunth, bat ae RON ghee by its a Pg

(not rac er 7 kelets and much m rved stews, The in

otten curved nearly into a semicire

estio scaberulus (N. E. Brown); stems terete, densely

ranch!

39a. R be:

much branched, tuberculate-scabrid, about 1 lin. diam.; b ets

branching, filiform, erect or ascending,

8 *

tuberculate-scabrid ; sheaths of the main stem about { in. long,

as the convolute part, sca wn, with white membrano

margins, produced on each ie of the awn into a Tiasepolate

752 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

acuminate point nearly as long as the awn; sheaths of the branch-

lets similar, but smaller ; male spikelets 2— 6 in a lax linear terminal

spike, sessile, 4-6- flowered ; spathes like the sheaths but smaller;

3 lin, ong, boat- 8 aped, acuminate into a fine awn-like

point, brown, with membranous whitish margins ; outer perianth-

segments about 1 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, boat-shaped, acute, light

brown along the keel of the lateral segments, otherwise transparent

yellowish-brown; keels minutely ciliate ; inner segments rather

shorter, oblong, acutely bifid at the apex, yaline ; ; stamens 3 ;

anthers oblong ; "female spikelets solitary, rarely 2 together, terminal,

12 lin. long, ovoid, beeoming broadly turbinate in fruit, 1-flowered ;

spathes and bracts like those of the male ne but rather smaller ; ;

outer perianth-segments about 12 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, much larger

than those of the male flower, boat- -shaped, acute, he ciliate on the

trigonous, 2-celled ; ile 3; capsu ule 4 & lin. ton , 12 lin. broad,

cp seta somewhat obreniform, 2-celled ; seeds fivonbiid smooth,

AST BEGIN : Riversdale Div.; on the mountains of Garcias Pass, 2000 ft.,

Hdlvin 4789 !

This much resembles R. leptoclados, Mast., but differs in its more scabrid

stems, se different sheaths, and in floral structure.

66a. Restio strictus (N. E. Bro own) ; barren stems 3-5 in. high,

branching, rather dense, less than 3 lin, thick, terete, ochreous;

leaves 2-3 lin. long, terete-subulate, “subpungent, with a convolute

brown sheath 1-2 lin. long, glabrous; flowering stems 1-1} ft.

high, simple, 8 lin. thick, terete, smooth, ochreous ; cheatin of

young stems closely convolute, basal part 6-7 lin. long, coriaceous,

brown, with membranous white margins, produced at the apex into a

fine brown awn, } in. long, with an obli iquely lanceolate acuminate

in the male ; ; ovary pibribicaias compressed-trigonous, ganic

styles free and plumose to the base ; staminodes 3,

Coast Reeion: George Div.; Cradock Berg, near George, 3000 ft., Galpin,

4795

This bears some resemblance to R. Sieberi, Kunth, and R. bigeminus, Nees,

but is readily diet nguianed by its very different sheaths and stouter leaves,

besides oth

ee ae ee ee Tae er ee ee Ba 3 A be =

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 753

70b. Restio foliosus (N. E. Brown); stems probably several feet

in height, 13-2 lin. thick, terete, smooth, ochreous or light rownish,

furnished with tufts of short leafy branchlets at all the nodes

awn 2-3 lin. long, brown,

with white membranous margins ; leafy barren branchlets in erect

dense nig at the nodes, 2-5 in. long, very slender, the stoutest

not m than 2 lin. thick; leaves 2-32 lin. long, subulate, very

ak, vakest their sheaths produced into an acutely bifid membrane

moderately rete =i main branchlets + in. long, very slender,

“ mtn tts shoraly wi sig

; s

1 :

keels of the lateral segments, thin, light wn ; inner perianth-

segments slightly shorter than the outer, diicanttaisaistate obtuse,

brownish; anthe ers linear, apicula te; female

bracts much shorter than the flow j

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, nite soda at the a

brown, with very narrow mem ous white margins ; perianth 2 lin.

long; segments subequal, a acute cave, coriaceous,

rown ; ovary globose-trigonous, 3-celled ; prea 3, densely plumose

to the base.

Coast Reeion: ge ier Div.; on the mountain sides of Garcias Pass,

1000 ft., Galpin, 4783, ¢ and ?!

Allied to R. giganteus, N. E. Brown (70a, see p. 755), and R. Rhodocoma, Mast.

. Restio comosus (N. E. Brown); stems about 7 ft. high,

(from shrinkage’), dull

greenish ; sheaths 11-2 in. lo

rowh, more or less torn in the imens aed en ches

numerous, in tufts at the nodes, 5-12 in. long, hick at the

base, ver into fine capillary Sr adiehtota leaves

2~4 lin. long, capillary, very patter with ther rown = embranous

~l e spikelets either in a terminal panicle

sheath, 1-1} lin. long ; male sp oD

an abnormal condition), fe > 1i

ceolate, ta to the base, several-flowered

13-2 lin. sng oblong, obtuse or subacute, ‘dee oon sek i entire,

labrous ; outer perianth-segments 1} lin. long, } lin. broad, linear-

eee pated glabrous, not ciliate on the keels of the lateral pair;

VR.

754 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

inner segments slightly shorter than the outer, more membranous,

oblong-laneeolate, obtuse ; anthers linear-oblong, apiculate.

Coast REGION: =a Div. ; on a river-bank at ‘The Glebe,” Knysna,

800 ft., Galpin, 4784

Allied to R. foliosus, N. E. Brown, but the leafy branchlets and leaves are

longer and much more slender, quite capillary, and the bracts of the spikelets

are not white-margined.

9a. Elegia fusca (N. E. Brown); stems about 16-18 in. high,

= eam gee seen, smoky-brown, glabrous ; flowers under each spathe

pedun uncle; perianth-segments su Ae gg 2 lin. long, glabrous,

dark chestnut-brown ; outer linear-oblong, aah cute, keeled ; inner

oblong-lanceolate, o tuse, thin, not keeled; ovary slightly com-

pressed, lanceolate-oblong, 1-celled ; stigmas 2; male inflorescence

not seen.

Coast Region: George Div.; on Cradock Berg, near George, 2500 ft.,

pia 4802 9!

very distinct sporiens somewhat resembling E. juncea, Linn., but with a

Ton smaller inflorescence

18a. Elegia gracilis (N. E. wn); stems dimorphic; barren

stems 6-7 in. (or more?) high, ae sparingly branched ; sheaths

very small, about 2 lin. long or less and nearly as broad, elliptic-

ovate, slightly mucronulate, dull brown, spreading, persistent ;

fertile stems 12-17 in. high, searcely 4 lin. thick, simple, erect,

straight, terete, glabrous, pallid; sheaths 6-8 lin. long, very closely

convolute, obtuse, -aneaeed apiculate, persistent, light brown in the

lower half, darker brown in the more membranous upper part;

inflorescence 12-21 in oe , narrow athes 6-7, laxly imbricate

or the lowest distant from the rest, atoat 7 lin. long, 21-3 lin. broad,

use; perian ergot Shem ig, oe badly elliptic, concave,

ie female flowers not seen

Coast Reeion: Caledon Div. ; ise Hoek Mountains, 1500 ft., Galpim,

Allied to E. obtusijtora, Mast., but very much more slender.

24a. Elegia Galpinii (N. E. Brown); stems apparently tall,

simple, about 1} lin. thick, terete, opaque, light brown ; penis not

seen, distant, deciduous; leaving a dark brown ring; inflorescence 4

vcd interrupted erect densely-flowered panicle, 6-8 in. long in

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 700

the male, 33-42 in. long in the female; spathes (only a at of an

upper one seen) 1 in. or more long, oblong, expanded, brown, ve

deciduous, leaving a dark brown ring ; branches of the panicle obi.

very densely covered with very dark brown flowers, erect, glabrous ;

scarcely 3 lin. long, inner { lin, long ; of the female flowers subequa

orbicular, coneave, very obtuse; fruit ee 1-eelled, about

1 et diam., slightly rugose, blackish-bro

AST Recion: Riversdale Div. ; on the mountains of Garcias Pass, 1200 ft.,

cain 4803!

A most distinct species, allied to E. muda, Kunth, and E. elongata, Mast., but

very shack larger than either

2. Thamnochortus giganteus (Kunth). The discovery of

plants makes it necessary to transfer this a Restio, in which,

from its affinity to R. Rhodocoma, it will beeome 70a, Restio

giganteus (N. E. Brown). To the description aid distribution are

to be added :—Female inflorescence a narrow erect panicle, 14~22 in.

long, 13 in. diam. ; branches ~~ 1-4 in. long, sparingly branched

in their lower part; spikelets 2 in. long, close h

lower on the branches and en divisions pedicellate, the rest

S088 ssile, 1-flowered ; bracts imbricate, the inn st 12 lin. long,

= lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, apiculate, the rest gradually smaller,

dark brown; outer perianth-segments 21 lin. long, $ lin. broad, all

alike, lanceolate, acute, concave, rounded (not keeled) on the back,

glabrous, ehestnut- brown ; inner segments 2 lin. long, 11-14 lin,

d ut attened or slightly coneave, chestnut-brown ;

ovary 8-angled, 3-celled ; styles 3, reeurved over or upon the angles

of the ovary, ae fs gemeey especially at the base.

Coast REGION: .; on a hillside, ‘‘ The Glebe,” Knysna, 800 ft.,

Galpin, 4781, 3 ad 94 a Witte Els Bosch,’’ Zitzikama, 500 ft., Galpin, 4782,

dg and?!

R. Rhodocoma, Mast., R. foliosus, N.E

Galpin found both sexes growing together i in gue localities, yey states that

Mr.

the plant is 10 ft. in height.

_ 12a. Hypolena sett le (N. E. Brown); stems 1-1} ft. high,

4-3 lin. thick, branching from the base upwards ; branches slender,

erect, dull ochreous, minutely Se digest a hit

us border at thie apex; male apeaiels a a linear panicle

$-21 in. long, erect, in. long, } lin. diam., lanceolate, acute,

i-flo wwered ; spathes 22 tn. feng, 1 lin. broad when expanded, ovate-

lanceolate, acute, brown, with white membranous margins, glabrous ;

tacts 2, membranous, light brown on the back, about 1} lin. long,

30 2

756 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

one linear-spathulate, subacute or obtuse, lacerate-ciliate, the other

boat-shaped, bifid, hairy on the back ; outer perianth-segments about

13 lin. long, subequal, lanceolate, acute, light yellowish- -brown ;

inner segments shorter, lancenlate, acute, very membranous, trans-

parent ; anthers linear, apiculate ; female spikelets not seen

pr ig ReGcion: Swellendam Div.; Zuurbraak Mountain, 4000 ft., Galpin,

Similar to H. Burchellii, Mast., but differing in its 1-flowered spikelets, less

membranous spathes, aud acute perianth-segments.

4a. Willdenovia simplex (N. E. Brown) ; stems — straight,

terete, slightly suleate, glabrous, ochreous ; leaf-sheaths ‘lin

ong, "closely convolute, acute, brown; female siete of 1

(or °2.9) erect 1-flowered spikelets ; ¢ spathes 2, erect, 1-11 in. long,

2 lin. broad, lanceolate, long-acuminate, expanded, thinly coriaceous,

outer about 8 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate into an arista, inner-

most shorter, ovate; perianth 0; disk or stalk of the ovary

corrugated, lobulate, white ; young fruit subcylindric, es at

the apex, ‘with transverse irregular impressed lines, or somewhat

rugulose in the lower half, not punctate nor pitted ; styles 2.

Galpin! Rea@ion: Riversdale Div.; mountains of Garcias Pass, 1000 ft.,

apr

o W. sulcata, Mast., but differing in its push ne honey badge

— especialy b y the absenc 2 of a perianth and non-pitted fruit. I have not

male plant. The cimens are 14 in. long, and eae no cena

cukite? but appear to be ae the upper euch of the plant.

6a. Willdenovia fraterna (N. E. Brown); stems terete, branching,

hid minutely and densely pitted, glabrous, ochreous; ‘leaf-sheaths

1-1} in. long when entire, elosely convolute, acuminate ; lower

part coriaceous, persistent, at first ochreous with brown margins,

part m

deciduous; male inflorescence not seen; female spikelets 1-2,

terminal, erect, 1-flowered ; spathes usually 2, somewhat convolute,

but the margins not meeting, 11-12 in. long, 1 in. broad, lanceolate,

acuminate into a stiff awn, coriaceous, shining, brown aud very

minutely pitted in the lower half, greyish and densely marked with

purple-brown in the upper half, narrowly membranous at the

margin; bracts several, 9-11 lin. long, mcdatats, acuminate into an

awn, brown, with narrow white membranous margin DS ; erianth-

apical groove, giving the appearance of superposed lobes; youns

ovary turbinate, pitted and dark brown in the apical part ; styles 2-

Coast Recion: Knysna Div.; on a hil ‘ lebe,” 800 ft.,

Galpin, 4830! 7 a hillside near ‘The @

Allied to W. luceana, Kunth, but easily distinguished by its different perianth-

segments and pitted fruit.

See a ery eae RT ee ee

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. wor

6b. Willdenovia Galpinii (N. E. Brown) ; stems erect, attaining a

height of 4 ft., laxly branching, terete, smoot y 0c chreous, minutely

whitish- -punctate ; leaf-sheaths 1 in. long, closely convolute, ochreous

or brown, the apical part 4—5 lin. long, membranous, white, with a

dark brown central stripe, which is broadest in the male plant; male

inflorescence 13-1} in. long, composed of about 3 or 4 erect dense

flowers pedicellate ; perianth-segments about 12 lin. long, very

slender, linear, filiform, more or less conto red female spikelets

prignanes thinly pitted, bro t the apex, pallid at the sides, seated

a stout fleshy lobulite-farowel stalk.

oAstT ReGIon : Riversdale Div. ; aan of Garcias Pass, 1000 ft., Galpin,

4831, A fay i 4825, 9 ae

Allie ucéana, Kunth, but eat distinguished by its broadly white-

sadaiew! ecco and spathes.,

7a. Willdenovia peninsularis (N. E. Brown) ; stems erect, fonn3

giately much branched, terete, smooth, ochreous, very minute

punctulate ; leaf- sheaths 6-8 lin. long, with a stout subulate pokat,

ae lin. long, neies convolute, dull brown, minutely punctulate,

both } i ike-hi

acuminate, shortly aristate, lower part light shining brown, upper

third membranous, white with a broad brown stri ripe; bracts 3-3} lin.

long, bie slender, linear; flowers pedicellate ; perianth-segments

-1: lin. long, filiform; female spikelets solitary, terminal,

in. long, 4 in. broad, expanded,

broad, all srl ee or the outer 3 broadly ovate, all sniaietamine

brown with paler margins in the fruiting state; styles 2; fruit

32 lin. long, 21 lin. thick, barrel-shaped, truncate, apiculate with

the remains of the style-base, smooth and shining, not punctate

dark olive-brown.

Coast Recion: Ca ape Div.; on hills of the Cape Peninsula, near Kommetjes,

500 ft., Galpin, = 3! 4822, at

Allied to W. teres, tau ae = the sheaths, spathes, quadrate

periauth- ssieiuelin and smooth tas sitted) f fru

758 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

a. Willdenovia decipiens (N. E. Brown); plant 5 ft. high;

ea terete, minutely punctate, glabrous, ochreous ; ; leaf-sheaths

broken, probably 14 in. or more long, closely convolute ; basal part

5-6 lin. long, coriaceous, persistent, more or less bordered or stained

all over with brown, upper part thin, submembranous, soon breaking

away, greyish or light brownish ; inflorescence of both sexes solitary,

terminal, erect ; spathes 2-8, similar in both sexes, outer varying

from 13 3.98 in. long, inner shorter, lanceolate, convolute into a

subulate point, dark brown, shining, minutely punctate; male

a -flowered spikes, scattered along one or more flexuous axes ;

bracts 3-4 lin, long, 3 lin. broad, lanceolate, tapering to an awn-

like point, membranous, white ; Hawacs very shortly pedicellate ; ;

aig ts 11-2 lin. long, 2 1 lin. broad, lanceolate, tapering

wn-like point, membranous, white ; female flower solitary ;

bracts shout 9 lin. long, 2-21 lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate, convolute

at the apex into a subulate pein very light oc chreous-brown ;

perianth-segments 1 lin. long, 14 lin road, suborbicular-ovate, very

brown ; disk or stalk of the ovary 11-2 lin tee pees grooved

lengthwise, whitish ; styles short and stout, about 13 lin. long;

fruit fo een long, 2 lin. thick, cylindric, obtuse, smooth to the eye

but very mona! roughened surface when seen under a

aaa blackish: brow

Coast epic nates Div.; mountains of Garcias Pass, 1000 ft.,

Galpin, 4828

roan to W. fimbriata, Kunth, but differing in its smooth fruit and longer

Spat

2a. Eleocharis Schlechteri (C. B. Clarke); stems tufted, 1-1; in.

long, rigid; a very slender short rhizome sometimes present; upper-

most sheath firm, entire, and shortly oblique at the top; spikelet

$-s i., brown, bearing 8-16 nuts, lanceolate at the top;

tet elliptic, obhnee, eet Co mas e ; hypo sen pried: 4

biconvex, much narrowed at the top, brown finally black, smooth.

Coast ann Caledon Dir. ; a. River, Schlechter, 9484!

The setze are as of E. c , RB. Br., to which E. Schlechteri is

allied, but "differs by its sclntad Pree tao spikelet. :

4. Eleocharis Lepta (C. B. Clarke); stems 12-15 in. long, thread-

like, quadrangular ; uppermost sheath firm, truncate, shortly p ro-

duced on one side; ; spikelet 1 by 2 in, chestnut-brown, many-

flowered ; glumes ovate; tip obtuse, searious-edged ; hypogynous

ristles 4, about as long as the nut, white, patently papillose-

“ai oS as long as the nut, with 3 linear branches; style-

ase narro i

Coast saiainis Cape Peninsula; Vaarsche Vley, Wolley Dod, 3541!

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 759

This may hereafter, when the ripe nut is obtained, be united to one of the

pris American species of this group; there is nothing at all like it in South

7. Scirpus verrucosulus (Steud.).

Var. 8, Pterocaryon (C. B. Clarke); nut margined all the way round by a

thin scarious or greenish wing.

‘o a REGIoN : Cape Peninsula; Fish Hook Valley, Wolley Dod, 3382 partly !

This is a os bags ost te bein Wolley Dod oe it cain. =

sulus.

typical 8. verruc cl nut is almost unknown

very broad wisay verre hen my Ps sev oul species fm f Fimbrists, and hes

are often not present in all the ki on : the sam

17a. Ficinia minutiflora (C. B. Clarke) ; nearly glabrous ; rhizome

very slender; stems cespitose, 2- setaceous ; up ost

sheath entire, bearing a setaceous leaf inne! as long tem ;

head 1, apparently lateral, of 1-5 a elets, a 3 in. ins — ; bract

as thou h a continuation ae the stem, 1 in. long; s jy in.

long, few-flowered, white or pallid ; » eiitlies anita; Shean, oe central

nerve rarely minutely excurrent.

Cc EGION: Caledon Div. ; Houw Hoek Mountains, 2500 ft., Galpin,

4834! Schlechter, 9409!

50. br secunda.

VaR. a (C. B. Clarke) ; larger in all parts; stems up to 2 ft. long ;

elsaey ays in. long, ‘turgid, hardly compressed,

Coast Rea@ion : Cape Peninsula; Slang Kop, Wolley Dod, 3231!

2. Ecklonea solitaria (C. B. Clarke); stems tufted, 4-12 in.

long; leaves 38-8 by 3-2 in.; spikelets all solitary, far apart, on

peduncles (sometimes carrying 2 spikelets) or subsessile, from

—— axils, some basal short-peduncled or sessile often added,

Telent so that the nuts in fruit are completely superposed ; hypo-

gynous bristles broadly ligulate, densely margined by long spreading

air

Coast Rereion : Cape Div. ; pag STF Camp Ground, Wolley Dod, 3348!

The structure of the nut, style, a sacs . Hg that of E. capensis,

Steud. ; the species is very distinct in aes

6a. Tetraria lucida (C. B. SRSs ; rhizome } in. in anes

horizontal, clothed by short broad red seales; stems approxim:

ore than 2 ft. long, rather horn terete, carrying 3-5 spikelets ioe

permost basal sheath nine

spik a 3 in. lon owest flower male, rous; nut e,

neti blacks, ‘sieintind by the long sivssinidel style- base.

oAst Recion: Ceres Div.; Prince Alfred, 3000 ft., Schlechter, 9987!

‘e eae joie (C. B. Clarke); rhizome horizontal,

1-1 in, in diam.; stems close together, 2 ft. long, slender, without

760 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

nodes except close to the base ; basal reer ferruginous-brown,

almost viscid ; leaves 1 ft. long, fi filiform ; panicle 1-2 in. long with

12-44 ise lowest bract overtopping the ialeconian at base

ferruginous-brown and sheathing the stem ; spikelets subsolitary, with

5-8 glumes.

RAL Recion: Ceres Div.; Cold Bokkeveld, at Elands Fontein, 5000 ft.,

Schlechter, 10,018!

The spikelets, very young, are similar to those of T. Burmanni, C. B. Clarke.

3. Chrysithrix Dodii (C. B. Clarke) ; rhizome horizontal, 3,-7', in.

in diam., clothed by lanceolate dirty-straw-coloured scales; stems

12-20 in. long, terete to the Bek finely omen slender throughout,

0-16 in. in diam. at the ; leaves = the length os the stem,

siz im. in diam., terete, desl striate ; head 4 1 by 314

Coast Recion: Cape Peninsula; lower plateau above Skeleton gti

Woitey, Dod, 3550! Silvermine Me Wolley Dod, 3549! George Div

Cradock Berg, 5000 ft., Galpin, 4840

This rb closely, but is much slenderer in every part than C. capensts,

Linn., var. eres, C. B. Clarke, which Mr. Galpin got at the same time

and place.

XXVIIa. POAGROSTIS, Stapf.

Spikelets very small, laterally compressed, pedicelled, panicled ;

rhachilla sen ena, above the glumes, obscurely produced beyond

the base of the floret. Floret “1, 3, slightly shorter than the

umes. Glumes asierge equal, lanceolate i in profile, acute, mem-

branous, eae 3-nerved at the very base, middle nerve percurrent

or almost Valve entire: muticous, delicately membranous, finely

silky villows, faintly 7-n erved ; callus obscure, glabrous. Pale

faintly 2-nerved below the middle, subequal to the valve. Lodi-

cules 2, small, cuneate, glabrous. Stamens 3. Ovary oblong,

glabrous ; styles distinct, short ; stigmas stile laterally | exserted.

Grain oblong, dorsally slightly le aes rg in transverse

section ; pericarp subcrustaceous ;

the grain ; hilum o

A very delicate, kreg Bo tufted, much branched dwarf agains Re blades flat,

payed: Mas. rpc a fringe of 3 panicle very scanty and lax, sometimes reduc ed

1 spikelets,

ate 1, on Table Mountain.

The affinity of Poagrostis seems to lie — ssa, of which it nage

said to represent a much reduced modificat The 2 essential a whi

it differs from this genus are the solitary fined and the crustaceous

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 761

glabrous or very sparingly hairy, few-nerved ; panicle very scanty,

open or contracted; branches (pedicels) 2-nate, finely enters

glabrous, smoo ae up to 4 lin. long; spikelets about 1

ei greenish ; glumes delicately herbaceous ae green on the back

it i 1 0 ro i

. ‘ re

149; Steud. Syn. Pl. iu: re i, 17 77; Dura id & Schinz, Consp.

Afr. v. 910. "03 :

rie Petérab. sér. 6, vi. ii. 392; Steud. 1c. 173; Durand & Schinz,

Le. 829.

Coast Recion: Cape Div.; Table Mountain, in shady, rocky places,

3000 ft., 4» Dre ége/ and in marshy neds at the same altitude, Schlechter, 115!

Pentaschistis juncifolia (Stapf). The synonym Danthonia

Thunbergii, as there are two specimens so numbered in the Kew

Herbarium, and it is not certain to which of the two plants Nees

gave his name.

25a. Pentaschistis patuliflora (Rendle in Journ. o 1899, 381) ;

perennial, densely tufted ; eulms erect, simple, fascicled below wit

numerous ashe innovation shoots -16 in. ee glabrous,

internode exserted and much longer than the rest; leaves mostly

basal, glabrous except at the sometimes shortly bearded mouth of

the sheath; sheaths tight, firm, lower persistent, striate; ligule a

fringe of short hairs; blades filiform, wiry, mucronulate to subobtuse,

up to 5 in. long, tightly ning poner or curled, smooth ; panicle

ovate in outline, open, 2-21 in. long, up to 2 in, wide, erect ; branches

2-nate, like the filiform axis oa the capillary branchlets minutely

tabercled, dark purple, finely bearded at the axils, trichotomous

from 3-5 lin. above the base, lowest branches up to 12 i

aieimshe divisions and pedicels rather long, the latter usually quite

smooth ; spikelets seattered, 2} lin. long, light brown, deep purple

below ; ” glames acuminate, subhy aline, glabrous, smooth, keel

minutely tubercled, upper slightly es gi valves linear-oblong,

body 1-12 lin. long, glabrous or alm t 80; obes short, abe

with a fine adnate bristle (2-1 lin. i from the inner side; aw

4-5 lin. long, kneed just above the middle, twisted below ; ‘oie

short, minutely bearded; panicles up to 12 lin. long, minutely

2-toothed ; anthers 1 lin lon ong

Coast Reeion: Caledon Div.; Genadendal, Schlechter, 10,286!

Intermediate between P. Burchelli and P. angustifolia.

35. Pentaschistis Thunbergii (Stapf). See note under P. junci-

Solia above.

762 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

3. Agrostis bergiana (Trin.).

Add to synonymy: A. aristulifera, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1899,

381.

Add to distribution: Coast Region: Bredasdorp Div. (?); by the Koude

River, Schlechter, 9596 !

5a. Agrostis Schlechteri (Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1899, 380) ;

perennial, glabrous, tufted; culms erect, slender, 13-223 ft. long,

smooth, 3-4-noded, upper internodes exserted, uppermost very long ;

leaves crowded near the base ; sheaths somewhat rough, lowest short,

uppermost very long and tight ; ee sane oblong, finely ciliolate,

2 lin. long; blades linear, acute, 2-4 in. by 1 lin., convolute or more

or less flat, seaberulous on both sides, glaucous; panicle elliptic or

ovate in 0 out ine, lax, 4-5 in. by 2-3 in. ; axis filiform, scaberulous ;

branches 2-3-nate, finely filiform, obliquely erect, flexuous, the

longest 2-3 in. long, undivided for 1-12 in. ens ts and pedicels

seaberulous, the latter rather short; spikelets more or less tinged

with purple, 12 lin. long; rhachilla continued, hairy, up to 1

long, sometimes bearing a fine bristle ; glumes lanceolate, acute, keels

scaberulous; upper slightly shorter ; “valve awned, oblong, truncate,

fine mucros ; anthers 2 ‘lin, long ; grain slightly over 3 lin. long.

Coast Reaion : Paarl Dive: French Hoek, Schlechter, 10, 74

Very closely allied to A. Lohherai Stapf, but with distinctly smaller

spikelets and more scaberulous leaves

1. Tragus major (Stapf). This is T. koelerioides, Aschers. in

Verhandl. bot. Ver. Brandenb. xx. (1878) p. xxx.; the latter name

has priority. :

16. Ehrharta brevifolia, var. cuspidata, Nees.

- _ to synonymy: EZ. Schlechteri, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1899,

Add to distribution : Western Region : Little Namaqualand ; in Vanrhyns-

dorp Div., at Zout River, Schlechter, 8133 !

17. Ehrharta pusilla, var. inequiglumis (Rendle in Journ. Bot.

1899, 380) ; barren valves distinctly ae the short weak awn

of the lower scareely exceeding the outer glum

Coast Reeion: Clanwilliam Div. ; Windhoek, Anal 8361!

Probably only an accidental variation of the type.

la. Urochlena major (Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1899, 382) ; culms

4-6 in. long, very slender, ascending, smooth, about 4-noded, i inter-

cotta (except the uppermost) exserted; sheaths smooth, striate,

naked or with a few long fine hairs at the mouth, the uppermost

re emer e tise ee et Si ee

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 763

tumid, with large obtuse hyaline auricles ; ligule a line of hairs ;

blades linear with a pie eallous tip, I-33 in. b lin., sca-

berulous age ge: with very fine scattered hairs; heads obovoid,

n. by 5 lin. ; suikaldia about 3-flowered, 2—22 lin. long

(exclusive of awns), finely bearded at the base, green with purplish

margin with a row of. long tuberele-based hairs, otherwise glabrous

or almost so; flexuous, purple, up to in. long; valves

tipped hairs) and with tubercle-based hairs near the margin in the

upper part; awn 13-22 lin. long; anthers (young) 1 lin. long.

tT Reason: Clanwilliam Div.; Hoek, at the foot of the Koude Berg,

Schlechter, 8699!

Very closely allied to U. pusilla, Nees, and possibly only a vigorous state of it.

LXXXIXa. PSEUDOBROMUS, K. Schum.

Spikelets lanceolate, scarcely compressed, pedicelled, panicled ;

rhachilla disarticulating above the oor ton a> beyond the base

of the floret into a fine bristle. Floret 1, 3, exserted from the

1~3-nerved. Val late profile, rounded o e

involute, passing into a straight awn or with the awn subterminal,

subherbaceous, 3-nerved ; callus very short, obtuse, glabrous

equalling the valve, 2-keeled, entire. Lodicules 2, hyaline, unequally

2-lobed. Stamens 3. Ovary oblong, pubescent at the top; styles

distinct, very sab ; stigmas slender, plumose, laterally exserted.

Grain unknow

Perennial ; fae flat, broad-linear, flaccid; ligules membranous ; panicle

large, lax, noddi

Species 2, 1 in et Transvaal, the other on Mount oe

opinion, prieerra allied to Festuca, in spite of the st florets and 8

i‘ esence of a rudimentary valve at f the phachillac gviten

to the derivation from han 1-flowered type, and if the suppression of

the second pair of side-nerves were not so complete, this isco would have to be

described as a species of Festuca of the F. gigantea grouy

P. africanus (Stapf); quite aga with the exception of the

oe of the lowest sheaths; culms erect or shortly ascending,

simple, up to 2 ft. long, sheathed all ety about ean sheaths

ther loose, strongly striate, the lowest subpersiste ; ligules ovate-

oblong, 9-21 lin. long, denticulate ; blades pear ab tapering

to a long setaceous point, to more than 1 ft. by 8 lin., flaccid, green,

upper, ma loose

sno 1 ft. long, nodding ; axis angular, smooth below, scaberulous

; branches more or less 3-nate, scantily and remotely divided

764 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

from 4—1 their length above the base, filiform, flexuous, scaberulous

to seabrid, the longest 3 in. long or ‘longer ; ‘lateral pedicels about

spikelets with a minute rudimentary valve at the upper end;

glumes lanceolate, acuminate, herbaceous-membranous except at the

ine margins, lower much narrower, 1l-nerved, 2-23 lin. long,

upper 3-nerved, 23-3 lin. long; valve lanceolate in profile, oblong

(when expanded), passing into the awn, 3-4 lin. long, herbaceous-

membranous except along the narrow hyaline margins, middle

nerve stout and prominent towards the tip; awn 7-8 lin. long ;

anthers 2-2: lin. long. Brachyelytrum africanum, Hack. in Bull.

Herb. Boiss. iii. 382.

KataHARI ReGion: Transvaal; Houtbosch, Rehmann, 5732!

Very closely allied to P. silvatious, K. in oe PA. Ost-Afr. C. 108,

which has broader, less acute glumes ‘and er oat awns

XCVIa4. SECALE, Linn.

Spikelets laterally compressed, sessile, distichously imbricate in a

dense cylindric spike ; axis of the spike readily disarticulating except

in cultivated ‘hone compressed, each joint of the axis falling with

the spikelet entire ; rhachilla continued into a short bristle above ae

base of the upper floret, otherwise scarcely perceptible. Florets 2,

$, more or less exserted from the glumes. Glumes equal or slightly

unequal, very narrow, linear- subulate, strongly compressed

keeled. Valivs oblong, lanceolate in profile, strongly compressed,

passing into a straight awn, firmly membranous, 5-nerved, keeled ;

callus 0. Pales 2-keeled, 2-toothed, almost as long as the valves,

narrow. Lodicules 2, hyaline, ciliate. Stamens 3. Ovary obovoid,

top densely tomentose ; styles distinct, very short ; stigmas Prarie

laterally exserted. Grain oblong, ‘subte rete, grooved n front,

enclosed by the valve and pale, free or almost SO ; pase about

x the length of the grain

bes or annual; blades flat, flaccid; ligules membranous; spikes very

es 4; 2in the Mediterranean countries —- in ees Eastern Hurope and

thane 1 in South Africa, 1 only known as ac

1B. reg sce (Stapf in Hook. Icon. Pl. t. 2601) ; culms slender,

over + ft. long, glabrous, smooth, upper internodes exserted ; uppeT

leaves fet. smooth ; sheaths ie ligules very short, obtuse ;

blades linear, narrow, up . long; spike linear, very dense,

23-3 in. by 23-3 lin. ; ett e? fragile, edges of joints densely villous ;

spikelets 5-6 lin. long (exclusive of the _ —_ imbricate ; ;

glumes linear, gradually narrowed to a fine point roduced into a

very short bristle, upper about as tos as the Cites: lower usually

somewhat shorter, keels finely scabrid ; valves lanceolate-oblong,

produced into a fine scabrid straight awn, 3-3 lin. long, seabrid on

De Se ee a ee eee Pees ee, eee

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, 765

the sides; nerves distinet, green upwards, keel very minutely

spinalons scabrid ; keels of pale scabrid. 8. cereale, Thunb. Prodr.

ed, i. wy a4 Schult. 118; Durand & Schinz, Consp.

Fl, ’ Afr. v. 937, not of L

CENTRAL ReEGion: Sutherland Div.; Rogge Veld, Thunberg/

Thunberg =e i in soit ton ed. 3, ii. 168 :—‘ These (Rogge Velds) . . . have

been so named fi a kind of rye, whieh grows wild here in abundance near the

bushes.” Burche 1, however, says (Trave vels, i. 256) ae vai none of the wild rye

which has been said to be so abundant as to ) give the name to this district ; psd this

might be owing tothe season of the year.” 83. afric m ai ffers from 8. c eale,

Linn., and S. montanum, Guss., in the ‘antler yoo 9 slightly bem

glumes $s, more conspicuously nerved 7 cabrid valves, and in all the keels

bein ng very minutely spinulous or scabrid

INDEX.

[SYNONYMS ARE PRINTED IN italics. |

Pag

e Page

Abildgaardia . 200 | AGRosTIs (con.) Alopecurus (con.) .

Ansniachit, Vahl . 204/ capensis, Steud. . .547/| paniceus, Linn 544

Ac , Munro 45 capensis, Willd. 586 | Amphilophis 335

a Beep Sch - 461} curvifolia, Hack. . 458 | Andropogon, n 334

assimilis, Dur. &Sch. 45 dregeana, Steud. 5 altissimus, Hochst. . 359

ure r. § Seh. . 459 Ecklonis, Trin. 547| amplectens, Nees . 342

var. virens, Stapf 459 iquensis, Stapf 5 annu ie 350

capensis, Dur. Sch. 459| gymnostyla, Steud. . 550} anthisterioides, Rupr. 366

illacea, lachnantha, Nees appendiculatus, Nees 339

Stap ayres littoralis, Lam. . reuatus, Steud.. . 327

ar. firmula, Stapf 460 iliacea, Linn. . 575 arundinaeons, Willd. rend

capillaris, Stapf. . natalensis, Starf . 548 asper, Kun

ifolia, Stapf 45 Neesii, Trin. . 549) auctus, Staph Fe * $57

Ecklonii, Dur. & Sch. 457 | panicea, Ait 544; bicolor, Nees . 360

hirsuta, Stapf . polypogonoides, Bladhii, Retz.

var. glabrata, Stapf 462 Buchananii, Stapf . 362

microphylla, Du ens, Sch . 587; capense, Houtt. . . 644

Bich. 5 3" vases Behlochtor, pestis. 762| capillaris, Kunth . 460

pallida, Dur. & Sch. 460 of s, Linn. fil. 576 eresixformis, Nees. 337

setifolia, Stapf . . 461 ies b. omosus, Link 350

tuberculata, Dur. stolonifera, Thu nb. . . 547| connatus, Hochst. . 355

Sng DE Sco . 462| umbellulata, Trin. . 76 contortus, Linn.. . 350

verticillata, Vill. 546! cymba mn. .

Palnita Licht. . . 28| vestita, Hochsi 549 var. lepidus, Stapf 361

Acrolepis . ee 8S virginica, Li 5 dichroos, Steud.. . 360

fer saison; Boeck. . 258 , Linn 4 distachyus, Linn, . 343

amosissima, Boeck. 259 aurea, d 2 459| d us, Ne . 359

trichodes, Schrad. . 258 capensis, 67) eucomus, Nees . . 338

v: uginea, capensis, St . 469 xcavatus, Hochst. . 855

Nees . . . . 258] caryophyllea, Linn. 463| filifolius, Steud. . . 342

PYRUM, Geertn. . aa cristata, Linn. 6 lipendulinus, Stead. 363

iatiohum, Beauv. . villosa, Linn. fi ipe » Hochst. 362

unceum, Dur. & Sch. 748 Airochloa var. calvescens,

Maeceres linn, . . 545| Alopecurus, Nees . 469 H yin

africana, Poir. . . 586} parvifiora, N 469 ar. ,H

Airopsis foliatus, Steud. . . 355

var, ea nS ampla, Nees . . 46 formosus, Klotzsch . 358

io ; aurea, Nees . . 459| fulvicomus, Hochst.. 359

587; Steudelii, Nees 460; garipensis, Steud. . 350

eran, ‘Rendle. 762 | Alopecurus giganteus, Hort. . . 358

barbata capensis, Thunb.. . 469| halepensis

barbuli, “dicho tapf . : 548 ciliatus, All. . 470 var. effasus, Stapf 346

=— Trin. 547, 762| echinatus, — . 698| hirtiflorus

leviuscu indicus, Lin . 432 var. semiberbis,

is ” 547 Genspalenaes Linn. 544 DOR cc ia . BSF

768

INDEX.

Page Page

Andropogon (con.) Andropogon (con.)

irtus, oar a 3 Schenanthus, Thunb. 352

sagen . 8d semiber bis, nth . 337

r. podotrickas, So a rot. . 347

ac va t, Kor . 348

insularis, ‘Linn. . 382 var. ayn take. 347

intermedius sub-sp. halepensis,

eclnur Bekins « ah

ck. . 345 var. melanosper-

intonsus, Nees . 361 Nee

aps sa Linn. var. Neesii, Kirn. 348

enanaags var scens,

Reusaans, Thunb. ; 340 var. saccharatus,

Iwarancusa, aoe . 352 OF Gs, ee ead

le pedue, Bee - 36 sub-sp. sativus,

ar. jetonens, Hack. 361 Hack. . . 847

bed RUBS, Hack. 361 var. Sehenkii, sKorn. 348

var.Usor . 348

. 361| — spicatus, Ste a . 32

leptostachyis, Benth. 337 | tenuifolius, Stend. . 333

macrolepis, Hac miodorus, Steud. 333

ane ypnatus, 7 | 352 tra rye ga 363

mner ola Trinii, Ste . 349

ae Hook. va ns

349 49

mautioum, ’ Hontt. . . 644 truncatus, Stend. 832

nardot os cdr Sa . 861

sacs minor, Nees . 355 Usorw . . 348

Nardus cabisien Stend. . 355

var. Ser ernan ies villosum, "Thunb ano

Hack. . dol EILEMA, R. 12

var. pro lixus, Stapf 3 352! adherens. Kunt 2

var. validus, Stapf oe eequinoctiale, Kunth 12

perfossus, Nees . . 346 gi » Kunth. 13

pertusus, Nees . . var. Galpini, C.B. Cl. 13

pertusus, Willd.. . 345 secundum, Wight .

var.capensis, Yack.345| sinicum, Lindl. io

pleiarthron, Stapf . 364 Wallichii, C.B. Cl.

plorinodis, Stapf . 353| ANTHEPHORA, Schreb. rem

podotrichus, 356 pubescens, . 440

prui s, Steud. 355 chinzii, Hac . 441

Pseudograya, Steud. 337 saetanttee Hack. 441

pseudohirtus, Steud. 352 | Anraistieia, Linn. fil. 366

pubescens, Vis. . . 356] argentea, Nees . 367

punctatus, Trin... . 346| arguens, Nees . 367

ans, m.. . 344/ ciliata, Linn. fil.. . 368

rufus, Kunth . - 358| ciliata, Retz. . 367

Ruprechti, Hack. . 365 . ciliata, N

saccharatus, Kunth. 348 var. hispida, Nees 367

Schimperi, Hack. . 359 Wi

Schimperi, Hochst. . 357 Nee 7

Schinzii, Hack. . . 341 cymbaria, 1

schirensis, Hochst. hispida, Thunb oe

stifolia, imberbis, Retz

var. argentea,Stap if sd

Schenanthus, Baker 355 var. Burchellii,

Schoonanthus, Linn ap,

var. versicolor, yar. mollicoma,

Hack. . B54 BODE ic eg

ANTHISTIRIA (con

latifolia, Anderss.

scandens, Roxb. .

semiberbis, Nees .

vulgaris, Hack. . 367

ANTHOCHORTUS, Nees . So

. 361

. 36

: -

Kceklonii,

Aaeenoxainrsune, Linn. 465

dregeanum , St apf . 466

Ecklonii, Stapf . . 466

oratum, Kunth 456

Tongo, Stapf . 67

APONOGETON, Thun 42

an ngustifo lium, Ait. 43

crinifolium, Lehm 45

Desertorum, Zeyh. . 44

distachyon, Linn.jil. 43

gracilis, Schinz . 43

Holubii, Oliv + ee

—— 45

krau = Books t. .

lept itches, E. lose”

pane Oliv

i, Oliv

savceun: Hook,fil.

vi junceum,

Hook. fil. 45

Arcangelina, O. Kuntze om

ISTIDA, é

Adscensionis, tines 3st

sequiglumi ack. . 555

americana, Linn. . 554

amplissima, Trin. &

upr. 563

angustata, Stapf « . 556

arabica, 555

barbieolis, rl ¥

. 559

i rtita, Trin.

see

brevifolia, Steud. . 570

bromoides, H. B. K.. 554

Burkei, Stapf . . 557 |

ns, Desf. . 554 |

canariensis, Will co

is, Thunb.. . 569

cape is aaeys ee

ae: ‘ parbata, Stapf 565 i

macropus, ;

Tri n. § Rupr. - 565

var. Zeyher, Trin.

& Rupr. :

centrifuga, Bure

chzxtophylla, Steud. ‘

_— ye

a vs ht.

Seats, Trin. & Rupr. 554

d. . + O64 |

cinna

enue, R. § g. . 558 q

INDEX.

e Page

ARISTIDA (con.) ARISTIDA (con

depressa, Retz. . . 55: tenuiflora, Ste - 555

diffusa, Trin. . . 56 uniplumis ‘ Licht. - 569

dispersa,Trin.& Rupr. 554 vestita, mb. . 61

di , Jacq. ar. brevistipitata,

dregeana, Trin. rin. & R 562

itt ae lg: 569 var. densa, Trin.

latior, Cav 54 res . 562

festucnies, "Hochst. var. diffusa, Trin,

meh ud. . 555 one

geminiflora, Steud. 570 var. aaa,

geminifolia, Trin. Trin. & Rupr. . 562

upr. 4 . 570 var parviflora,

gig atlas tin mise . 554 . § Rupr. . 561

gracillima, Oliv. 563 var. pseudohystria,

Heymanni, Regel 555 rin. & Rupr. . 562

ae teriana, var. schraderiana,

Seer 0 Trin. § . 561

himtte oes Ba 78 . 554 vulgaris, Trin.

yetrio, Thunb... 661 le . 555

interrupta, Cav.

vulpinides, Hance . 555

junciformis, Trin. Ss Zeyheri, Steud. . 565

upr. . 556} AROIDE A oe ae Oe

lanuginosa, ‘Burch. . 561 | Arthratherum : 5

lava 555 brevifolium, Nees . 571

reset Trin, S capense, Nees 65

Rupr . 56 ciliatum, Nees 564

macro chloa, Hochst. 555| comosum, Gay 563

aritima, St ud. 555! Hystr ees. 561

Marlothii, Hack.. . 567 anuginosum, Burch. 561

mauritiana, Kunth . 554| dutescens, Nees 7

odatica, Steud. 554 amaquense, Nees . 566

namaquensis, Trin.. 566| obtuswm, Nees 68

nana, Steud. - pe Schimperi, Nees . . 564

niyrescens, Pr cal. . 554] subacaule, Nees 569

nutans, Ehren 555| wuniplume, Drége’ . 564

obtusa, Del. 567 titum, Nee 561

pani , Fo 5 eyheri, Nees. . . 565

papposa,Trin.& Rupr.5%4| Arthrolophis . . . - 34

piligenu, Burch 564| ARUNDINARIA, Michx. 747

piligera, Burch 564| tesselata, Munro. . 748

plumosa, Desf 4| ARUNDINELLA, Raddi. 448

proxima, Steud. . 566 cklonii, Ne 48

pungens, Desf. 56 rigida, Nees 49

ee & Rupr. 555 ay Se Linn. . 539

Schimperi, Hochst x, Li 540

teud. _ 56 Pivayentes, Linn. . SAL

Sciurus, Stapf é DOE ativa, Lam.

sericans, Hack. . 563| vulgaris, La 4]

setacea, gre 5é ebbiana, Steud

sieberia 60 | AscoLePis, Steud 266

simplicistna, Sih 555| capensis, Rid 2

spectabi ey ik. . 562) ASKIDIOSPERMA,

stipyormis, P rs 563 eu .

stipoides capitatum, “Steud. 2s

var. meridionalis, Asprella

j australis, R. & S 660

ees ‘Steud. . 568| hexandra, R. & 8. . 660

swartzian Stend. . 555 na,Rk. & 8. .- 660

Teneriffe “Steud .555| purpurea, boj. . - 660

VOL. VI,

769

Page

Asterochete

angustifolia, Nees . 270

capitellata, Nees 270

glomerata, Nees. . 270

var. minor, Nees . 270

wigit, Hochst. . 270

tenuis, nth 70

Ataxia

Ecklonis, Nees 466

Tongo, Trin. - - 468

Athenantia

glauca, Hack. . 445

ATROPIS, Griseb. 716

angusta, Stapf 717

ein Stapf 716

saat

ar permista,Coss che

‘delacoe ynchus

crin seers Nees.

AVEN 3

sie spogonotas,

Steu - 651

antaretica, Thunb. . 476

aristidoides, steud.. 5

aristidoides, Thunb. 486

arbata, Brot. . . 480

caffra, Stapf . . . 477

calycina, Lam. . . 536

capensis, Linn. f. . 565

capensis, hia Piet Tae |

colorata, ud. . 401

slephasibans Thunb. 525

fatua, Linn. . 479

glomerata, Steud. 492

hexantha, Steud. 52!

hirsuta, Roth. . . 480

ispida, Thunb.

involucrata, Schrad. 59

lan chrad 623

eonina, Steud. 476

longa, Stapf 473

lupulina, Steud. . . 523

pulina, Thunb. . 524

acrocalycina, Steud. 520

muric preng. . 501

orientalis, Schreb. . 478

pallida, Thunb. 508

papillosa, Steud 499

pumila, Desf. . . 471

pur. , Thunb. . 531

quinqueseta, Steud. . 474

rigida, Steud.. . - 536

sativa, Linn.. . . 478

. orientalis,

i Pe: 75.)

sterilis, Linn.. . . 479

symphicarpa, Trin. . 476

_ triseta unb. . 495

turgidula, St apf . 475

AVENASTRUM, Jess. 72

3 D

770

AVENASTRUM (con.)

antarcticum, Btapf

ernioti Stapf

natalensis,

“Stapf : 477

Dodii, Stapf . 475

dregeanum, Stapf . 473

» Stap 73

targidulum, Ag il rf

Axonopus, Hoo

paniculatus, a

semialatus

var.Ecklonii,Stapf 418

Beothryon

crinitum, Dietr. 242

lystriz, Dietr. . . 273

Bamsusa, Schreb.. . 748

alcooa, Roxb. «149

capensis, Rupr. . 749

vulgaris, Nees 50

kera

‘dioica, Nees . . . 438

glabrescens, Steud. . 438

uwniseta, Hochst.. . 438

Beckeria

dioica, Heynh. . . 438

Beckeropsis . . 431

Bluffia

eckloniana, Neas 418

Beckhia

levigata, Kunth. . 140

co —— = CAs

Bracha 28

Diechacclipirven africa.

num, Hack. ee Od

BRACRYPODIUM ,Beauv. Pe

Bolusii, Stapf .

distachyum, Beauv. 73s

flexum, Nees .

ig apf 437

Pesta 737

hye

dum, Stapf . . 737

fontanesianar, Nees 737

Briza, Linn. .

Brizopyrum, Nees . 701

s, Dur. & Sch.

ar. aequifolius, Nees? 30

Peter ee Stapf. . .733| ineurvata, Kunth . 118

apres neglecta, Hochst 117

. 734| oaylepis, Kunth. . 118

hirtus “Lie ht. 73 paniculata, Desv. . 117

japonicus, Thunb. . 730 nata, Kunth 67, 119

pal te dos. Nees . 731] triticea, K :

us, Desf. - 731 | Calotheca

molliorsis, Lloyd . ion abulosa, . - 588

BS Calyptrostylis

ntectore s, Ho st ta ae rpa, Nees . 268

poiror sing Stapf .732| Rudgei, Hochat.. , 268

asiophilus, Campuloa

732 irsuta, Desv. . « 639

ieskc lnk Morty Koch 729 | Campulosus ’

var. ctinatus, falcatus, Beauv. . . 689

St 7 J oF irsutus, Desv. . - 639

var. vestitns,Stapi phe Cannomots, Beauv. . 141

pectinatu. cephalotes, Beawv. . 141

mabe, aa ps0 ongesta, Mast. . 43

polystachyus, Forsk. 592| scirpoides, Hochst. . 142

rigidus, Boiss. . .731| simplex, Ku 42

— , Nees . .733| virgata, — oe ae,

firmior, Nees. 734| Carex, Linn. . 299

cathe cae K. . 734 acnatiiieiiea at . 307

vestitus, Seh 7 ae Peng Beh: 308

Willdenowit, mak 735 ispica, ’

kia. . ss 297 “6. «2 BOS I

punctoria, Nee ‘ bisexualis, C. Cl. 302, |

BULBosTYLIs, i “4 204/ Bolusi, C. B. C . 304

breviculmis, K. . 206| B uchanani, C. As ‘Cl. 305

Burchellii, a B. a 210 burchelliana, Boeck. 306

INDEX.

e Page Page |

BRIZOPYRUM (con.) Sg mite (con.)

utiflorum, Nees 704 Burkei, C. B. Cl. . 208

a make capillaris, Kunth . 210

Nees 705| cardiocarpa,C.B.Cl. 208

alternans, Nees - . 706} cinnamomea,C.B.Cl. 209

ai ata a collina, Kunth . . 20

Stap s 707 | filamentosa, Kunth . 206

capense, “Trin. - 705| humilis, Kunth . . 205

ar. ta- Kirkit, 6.8. Ob 2-208

chyum, Nees 707| parvinux, 0. B. Cl. . 207

var.villosum,Stapf 705 Rehmanni, C, B. Cl. 206

ciliare, Stapf. . 02| schenoides, C. B. Cl. 207

eroides, Nees. . 611] schcenoides, Kunth. 206

lomeratum, Stapf . 704| seleropus, C. B. Cl. . 207

Sprinieians Stapf. . 703} striatella, C. B.Cl.. 200

a Stapf 703| Zeyheri, C. B. Cl. . 2

oe ag?

mine tniag; Boiss. & CaLAMAGRosTIs, Roth. 550

He mh epigeios, 551

arvens s, Linn 728| epigeivs, Roth .

secaascs, "Steud. . . 730 var.capensis, Stapf 551

—- Lem - 736| Lagur .

ommu uta go ‘Schad. 728 | Calla

confertus, B . 728| e@thiopica, Linn. . 38

decumbens, Ko og 535| oculata, Lindl. . . 38

distachyos, Linn. . 736 Zone Whyte . 37

Calopsis

festucacea, Kunth

hirtella, Kunth . . li

Carex (con.)

capensis, Thunb, . 298

clavata, Thunb. 309

onan) unth . 308

con » Nees . 305

consanguine, Kunth 301

divisa, Huds. . 301

graksawberoulals:

C. BoC... . 30

dregeana, Hb. ge 271

dregeana, Kunth 303

var. major,C. 303

Ecklonii, Nees 07

esenbeckiana, Boeck. 304

extensa, Good. . 307

fla a fe OUL

Jiavescens, Burch. . 306

glomerata. 02

glomerata, Thunb. . 301

indica, Schku 30

eridifolia, Kunth. . 30)

lutensis, Kunth 309

macrocystis, Boeck.. 309

G@deri, Willd. . 308

paludosa, Good. . . 307

endula, C. B. Cl. . 306

petitiana, A. Rich. . 306

Phacota, Spreng. . 302

Poireti, Gme 262

Ps -Cyperus,

ott. . 308

escens, Poir . 262

rorsa, Nees. 308

rivularis, Schkuhr . 30

spartea, Boeck.

spartea, Kunth . . 304

— Wahl. 304

icatopanicalats,

Uh. 304

Spr engelii Boeck. . 304

vesicaria unb. . 309

v pina, imm. . ». 301

r. B; . 301

Zeyher, C. 8. Cl. . 308

Car Bh

Car ar

bractsona, . 2. “Cl. 270

capens

cepicclises, Bocek re

glomerata, Nee . 269

q hexandra, 2 ag

» Cataclastos . 2... 598

: = apteet dt

ordei, eiformis, Steud. 434

dete

pede AO Beauv. . 647

alopecuroides, Thunb. pe

eiliaris, Li

geniculatus, T' wali 437

ordeiformis, Lael 434

INDEX.

Page

Cenchrus (con.) er

pubescens, Steud. . 440

racemosus, Linn,. . 57

Cephaloschenu

oligocephalus, Hochst. 268

Crratocaryum, Nees. 147

argenteum, Kunth . 147

stulosum, Mast. . 148

ae ‘Nees a cates

Cerato rae 2

euliouthe: Beauv. 735

Chataria - 55

asconsionis, ‘Beauv. . 505

bipartita, Nees . 558

bromides, | s 8. . 555

cerules uy.. 555

canariensis, rape aan 555

apensis, Beauv. 565

coarctata, R. & 8S. . 555

ongesta, Nees 559

epressa, Beauv. 555

elatior, Beauv. 5d

Forskolii, N-. es

gigantea, Beauv 539

humilis, S..... ¢ 665

interrupta, B auv, . 550

Lumarckii, RB. & 563

mauritiana, Nee 55

var. nan ees . 550

na, Nees. . 655

sieberiana, R. & 560

vestita, Beau . 61

| CHaroBRomus, Nees . 537

dregeanu Be oes Uae

ascicularis, Nees 529

involucratas, Nees . 53

Schraderi, Stap, . 538

st s, Nees. 529

var. 8, es 528

rte sage i 580

Cheetos

Spor

Bavcink Schrad.. 283

— ace, N me

iene

Capi ae Dietr | 253

uae Drége 280, 283

circinalis, Schrad.

cuspidata, Nees . . 278

dactyloides, Dietr. . 2:0

dispar, Dietr . 257

distachya, Neva . . 202

nig 72

punctoria, Dietr. . 290

3D 2

Uhondeon

Page

Chetospora (con.)

robusta, s 285

striata, Dietr . 253

tenera, Dietr 273

Chameraphi. 419

Chilochloa

visi a, Trin ms pA

CHLoRIS, Sw

abyssinie, "Hochst. . on

, Pre . 642

et Sohwh, pe

beyrichiana Kunth . 641

bruchyst isd

Ander 642

etcees De. 642

compressa, Oliv. . 642

elegans, H.B . 642

alcata, Sw. 639

gayana, Kunt 642

glabrata, Anderss, . 643

intermedia, A. Rich. 641

Eee) Hochst. 641

var. ntermedia,

Sch... .. 641

chst. . 42

multiradiata, Hochst. 642

a, Tnrunb. . 643

polydactyla, Jacq. . 642

yon - 641

radiata, D Sch. 641

viTani . 641

entata, d. 56

alaroiles, Nees 456

Chondropetalum

eustum, Rottb. . 112

nudum, Rotthb. 114

Choristachys 6) ey ROE

UunRysITARix, Linn. . 292

pensis, Linn . 292

ar. subteres,

C. B. - » 298

Oe Pee 2: ei ee

juneiformis, Drége . 293

unciformis, Nees . 293

Chrysopogon. . 335

serrulatus, Trin 349

Chrysw

aur . 689

cynosuroiden = Sl pe

, Beauv.

menCaNe, a - 550

Cravivum,

- 291

germanicum oak 212

jamaicens Crantz . 292

Mariscus, R. Br.. . 291

Page

Cotzorryre, C. B. Cl. 13

init ey sis, C. B. Cl. 13

Coloc

einiouict Spreng. 38

Colpodium

pusillum, Nees . 761

OMMELINA, Li ws

equinoctialis,

OBIE 0 ese Ee

africana, Lim. . . 9

var. ’ Barbera,

var. " ratielaiihes,

var. lancispatha,

Cc. bf sores ope 10

var etait

©..B. CL 10

agraria Kunth 9

albescens, Hassk. 11

gn gntcdafatis, Hassk. 11

barbata

var. —

CoB. C i ekQ

ben eas, Linn. §

canescens, Vahl . 9

communis, Walt 9

comosa, Drége 13

eckloniana, Kunth aE

i, 11

2:8 10

krebsiana, Kunth 10

r. villosi

pel 2% 1 Rae 10

Livingstoni,C.B.Cl. 11

ora, Linn. . 8

werneana,

CB Ob as 9

ro be R. & 8. 12

hunb.. 14

sublet, — 9

Ssk. 9

COMMELINACEAE | 7

COMMELI Z

CostunaRia, C. B. Cl. 274

brevicaulis, C. B. Cl. 274

natalensis, C. B. 4

Craspedolepi

fimbriata, Mast.. . 86

Verreauzti, Steud. . 86

Crossotropis, Stapf . 649

os Rend. 649

Cry

nts Munro . 588

ryp

loliaceus, wri Raenay £11

CTENIUM, Pan: 2: G38

con neinuum, Mon . 638

INDEX.

Page Page

ee. CYPERUS See )

a, Nees. 143 bulbifex, EH. Mey

Pact D. Don 13 ple get ‘Sean.

nodiflera, Kunth 14 er, G. ‘Berks 3°" 179

sean: H 14 | «capensis, Bo eee

Cyathocoma rysanthus, Boeck. 161

ckl eet es + 239 cognatus, ths S8e

Neesit . 291 Lscompactus, Lam. 168

nigrovaginate, Nees. 283 yvar. flavissimus,

Oylindrolep 19 Bes ee

'ymb on . 335 compressus, Linn. . 179

elegans, Spreng 361 Set ane Vahl . 192

Cyrno Piel oa ty. Se 3 pl B. ‘OL 192

Dactylon, Pers. . . 634] . var. y, Nee 194

glabratus, Steud. 63 var. Glandulfors,

pletus, Nees . 635 G. ide sage

linearis, Willd. 634 | -corymbosu 8, Rott. . 181

notatus, Nees 3 corymbosus, Baad a

pascuwus, Nees . 68 crinitus, Poir.

stellatus, Willd. . . 634 crinitus, Sp preng. "70

ternatum, A. Rich. . 377| cruentus, Rottb.. . 170

yNosurus, Linn. . . 689] cylindrostachys,

egyptius, Linn 647 89, 190

reus, Linn. . 89 dactyliformis,Boeck. 195

coloratus, Lehm.. . 690 eciduus, Boeck.. . 191

echinatus, Linn.. . 690| #denudatus, Boeck. . 172

falcatus, Thunb. 639 atus, Linn. f. 173

indicus, Linn. . . 645 ormis, Linn. 70

Soe latus, Thunb.. 705 pe mien Linn. he; 178

Uniole, Linn. . 05 rape ra de Sao

CYPERACE#A . 149 157

_ . 149 Grecoiaes, Kunth 172

vs, Lin . 162] dubius, Rottl.. 183

abysetettney, "Steud. . 156 | Udurus, Kunth . 196

equalis, Krauss. . 175 cklonii, Boeck.. . 196

var. 8, Boeck. 175| jegregius, Kunth . . 183

equalis, Vahl. 1176 latior, a ae

er pena Schvad. 176 | ~elatu 1 ie ae 78

alopecuroides,Thunb.193| elegantulus, Steu 160

ives, ck. 184] elephantinus,C.B.Cl. 195

us nth

amphibolus, Steud. . 173

angulatus, Nees. .1

aristatus, Rotth 179

hizus, Bo: ae

erticulatus, Kunth . 181

spertfoli . 174

ratus, K . 159

atronitens, Hochst. . 160

badius, De x 5; 3e2

Balfourit, C. B. Cl. . 177

~bellus, Kunth. .

betschuanus, Boeck. 159

landus, Kunth 174

— rah «a 398

- 192

~romoiies, L “ig 160

eus, . 166

cane Boeck. 181 |

Eragros A . 157

esculentus, Drége - 175

esculentus, Linn. 180

ees 183

flabe

havelsormis “Roitb, 115

flave

SHanisainn sane Heber 3 ie

#flavi issimus, Steud. pad ef

flavus, Ridl 90

-fonticola, Kunth. - 174

scens, Link. 169

globosus ‘

iried,

v “ os age " > 160

stomeratus, ‘Thun! , 227

iiiaiatinaninbahindamim nk aT ee ie te ne he

Page

Cyrprrvs (con.)

heematocephalus,

CBee oes s

irsutu, rg.

hirtus, Thunb. . 202

immensus, C. B. Cl. 184

us, Kunth . 191

singratus, Kunth 172

vt Kraussii, Boeck. ui

kyllingeoides, Vahl . 188

lev , Lin 1

acrostachya,

LOE

var mucronata,

unt > LoL

alis, Li i. 16

lateriflorus, Steud. . 182

latifolius, Poir. .

ae : tifolia,

- 178

£5)

2 .

var. tenuiflorus,

eC. aoe

espe Boeck. 191

anthus, Boeck.. 157

macrocarpus, Boeck. 190

madav ascariensis,

184

margaritaceus, Vahl 169

2 marginatus, Thunb.. 173

aera meas fees 8

Marlothir, moo i Ae

meyenianus, 8 166

eyerianus, unik 166

micans, Kunth : fom a

#micro .

- minimus, Phat . 4

minutus, Ruth . . 2238

eh, Linn. 204 _-semitri

monost

ppmnan Rottb.. 162

j Link 94

multiceps *

undtii, Kunth . . 157

By, sts. IBLE

nilagiri .. 160

udi . 165

iusculus, Nees

oakportensis, Boeck. 159

INDEX. 773

Page

CYPERvs (con.) "anes (con.)

srt sate Vahl . 168 gana ocephalus, Vahl 168

jla vissimus halus,

ber 5 168 unt :

odoratus, Lin Dn. 7. °. 100 epherospermus,

ovularis, Boeck. . 190 Se 2

wani, Boec 47, 29 var. triqueter,

si form ma, eck. . nlgZ

2a . 184} spretus, Steud. wihis

parv x, 0. B 3. Ol. . 167 squarrosus, Linn. .179

permutatue, Boeck. . 159 dare epg

pilosus Re ig

- 196

mutica, Boeck. 178

polystachys us, R. Br. . 158

ie rugineus,

. 158

var. * emuoinens,

: . 158

var. " filicina,

Cc 1 = vod

macrosta-

chyus, Boeck. . 158

a ety

Sl ee ee (3.

prasin =. 76

aronbden ae oe he

prolifer, hese ae vee

prolifer,

prolifer, Than 226, 237

pygmeus, Lam, . .1

rehmannianus,

O60K. oso 6... bee

retusus, Nees . 178,181

rothianus, R. & 8S. . 223

rotundus, Drége. . 182

~“ rotundus, Linn. : . 182

var. centiflo.

var. platystachys,

; ke

Ptabularis, Bo Se bra

tenella, Linn

rT. gra

najor, Nees - 195

tena oeck. « 170

ue : 164

sig Nees 165

Poi . 166

lensis, Boeck. 93

umbraticola, Kunth. 159

itatus, Boeck. . . 188

—usitatus, Burch. . . 179

, Nee 170

-venustus, Kunth. .'183

—vestitus, Hochst.. 1

webbianus, Steud. . 175

Dactytis, Linn.

Steud. .

falcatum, Willd 639

ue e Not

garii,

mucronatum, Willd. 647

INDEX.

Page Pag Page

Dac Dawinceninn ees ) ebb dee Sie 199

officinale, Vill. . . 634] lanata, 524 | Didymo oe ee

onia, DC ~ 16 leonina, Steud. 476 eles bh 72

airoides, Nees 511| Lima, Nees 49 egyptiaca, Willd. 379

angulata, Nees . 600| livida, Trin 492 rgyrogra a Stapf 374

anyustifolia, Nees . 503 longiglwmis, Nees 514 actylon, Scop. . 4

imteruthera, lupulina, 523 ‘ebitie, Willd. 377

ees - 503| Macowanii, St 52 decipiens, Fig. & De

aristidoides, Lehm. . 486 rantha, Sehrad. 519 Pa es

Bachmanni, Hack. . 532} macrocep tapf 522 diayovalis, “Stapf . 381

brachyphyila, py 520| micrantha, Tr . 5 dive bet pont pie

keana, Nees - 509; x , Ne eriantha, Steud. .

lontse Mien RSS. 535 obtusifolia, Hochst. 536 var. Arsen PNP

incta, Nees 2 pallescens, Schrad. . 487 omy 375

circinnata, Steud. 462| papillosa, Nees . . 507 flaccida, Stapf . 2

cirrhulosa, Nee . 50 papillosa, Schrad. . 508 a ontalix, Willd. 378

llinita, Nees . 49 papillosa, Trin 501 eucophea. a, St tapft 332

c.lorata, Steud. . . 491 pposa, Nees . . 525 sean Schalt. f. . 380

coronata, Trin. . . 524 atula, Nees . . . 510) moncdactyla, Stapf. pies

NN oe 91} porosa, Nees - 462) paspalodes, Mic

r. racacunaci procumbens, Nees - 508 var. lonyipes, Toe. ri

. . 496 pumila, Nees . - 580 Pseudo-Durva, Schl. 380

repre Nee. 532} purpurea, Beawv. 0 anguinalis, Scop. . 378

va ciciisnts Stapf 532 var. setusa, Nees . 531 Setifolia, Stapf . 376

curvifolia chrad. , 492| radicans, Steud.. 494 am 378

var. livida, Nees . 490, da, 8 536 stolonifera, Schrad.. 634

» 764 » Nees. . 523 tenuiflora, Beauv. . 380

cyatophora, Nees . 541 ae seg 499 aaa "Sta pf 376

aecumbens, DC.. . 535 cabra, Nees . . 500 tricholanoiaes, Stapf 3 ve

densifolia var. a, Nee - 4971 wmbrosa, Lin

var. a, Ne =a BOT var. hireut, Nees 4U atic: woke ? 78

~ As é 5 setosa, Nee - . 531} DipLtacane, Beauv. .

denudata, Nees - 492] sp. , Dre ege. . . . 496] alba, Hochst.

ha, Nee 529 | speciosa, pane . 515 alopecuroides, Hocbst. 649

distichophylla, Nees 515| stricta, Schra - 528] andro op og 8, .

re a, Steud. 38 rae ten Stapf 533 . ee

dura, Stap 527| tenella, Nees . 681 bitora, Hack.. . . 598

eleg Nee cera, Nees ot StS ar. Buchanani,

elephantina, Nees . 524 Thuarii, Desy. . . 513 Mar apf .

eriostema, i Thunbergii, Kunth . 508 capensis, Nees . . 592

fascicularis. Steud. . 529 tortuosa, 'lrin. .489, 491 ee . sie . 591

jiliformis, N : r. tenuior, Nees 491 i

ylaniulosa, Stead. . 511 | Trichopterya, Steud. 452 grandistumy Hack. 650

me ees . 505| trichotoma, Ne - 486| livida, Nees v2

ar. speci N 611 villosa, Steud. . 508 nana, Nees. . : » 654

glauca, Nees . . . 534| viscidula, Drage. 7| palli ida, Hi . 592

heptamera 504| viscidula, Nees 486, 50: paucivervis, Staph» 5u3

heteropla, Steud.. .511| webbiana,Steud.. . 511! Disseco carpus #

hirsuta, Nees. . . 462 seine Steud. . 521 Dithyrocarpus

his »8 ote 464 ar. trichos stacliya, capensis, Kunth . . Lb

holciformis, Nees . 536 tapf . 522 lomeratus, Kunth . 15

inermis, Sta - 534 onax

intercepta, Steud. . 589 dregeana, Boeck, . 283 arundinaceus, Beauv. .

involucrata, Schrad. 539 | Desmazeria Dovea, Kuuath i

involucrata, Steud. . 588| acutijlora, Dur. &Sch. sie aggregata, Mast. : 101

involuta, Steud... 488| alternans, Dur.& Sch.7 binata, Steud. 139

juncea, Trin. . . . 520| oblitera,; Hemel. . . ae Bolusi, Mast. 102

Kuhlii, Steud. . . 536 Desmostacaya, Stapf 632 eylindsostachya

— ata, 7, Peete eo B22) | Bt ee ree Ls - 632 ees

major, Nees . 523 | Dichanthiu 335 FMaoaricte "Kunth , 103

INDEX. 77

Page Page Page

Dees (con EHRHARTA sein ) ELEGiA (con.)

Ssckeriien: M . 100 pn flora, equisetacea, Mast. . 106

macrocarpa, Kunth. LOL var. eokloniana, Mast. . 12

microcarpa, Kunth . 102 Nees . fistulosa, Kunth 110

ronata, Mast. . 103 var. longiseta 8 fusca, N. £. B 754

paniculata, Mast 102 urvill ma, Neoatbt Galpinii, N. E. Br.. Tot

racemosa, t 10 longifolia,Dur.&Sch. 664; glauca, Mast 07

recta, Mas 1| longifolia, Schrad.. 667} gracilis, N. E. Br. . 784

tectorum, Mas . 99 r.robusta, Stapf 668 randis, Kunth . 116?

thyrsoidea, Mak . 104} longiseta, Schrad. . 66 uncea, Linn - 09

lticoides, Thunb.. 673| Kraussii, Hochst. . 109

Echinochloa . 384| microlena, Nees 665 | membranacea,kunth 108

Crus-gallé _ Beanv. . 398 tea, Sw. . 66 mucronata, Reichb.. 1u4

eruciformis Reichb. 3¥0| Mnemateia, Linn. f. 667| Neesiit, M ‘ 16

seabra, 395 | Mnemateja, Trin. . 66 nuda, Kun 114

precise rae _ 896 nutans, La eee obtusiflora, Mast. . 112

Eceronea, Steud... . 271} Oittonis, Kunth nicoides, Kunth . 104

capensis, Steud. . 27 wata, Nees . 675| paniculata, Pers. . 142

solitaria, CU. B. Cl. . 759} panicea, Sm 671} parviflora, Kunth . 113

Exxuauta, Thunb. . 660 var. ar. cuspidata, Nees 672| propinqua, Kunth . 108

adse 8, Schrad. 675 re otis

emula, § a st.

Seay 67 paniciformis, Nees : , 671 _ minor, Mast. . . lov

Aiijormis Neos eri aniculata, Poir. . 675 pachmbbte Pers. . . 100

oplia, Schr pusilla, Nees . . igida, _ Ale

fasc culty r. iuzequiglumis, spathacea, Mast 113

ae . 679 Renee es 16 mosa, Mast lil

aristata, Thunb. s 654] ramosa, Thunb. . 677| stipularis, Mast 112

auriculata, Steud 675 - Rehmannii, thyrsifera, Pers. 107

avenacea, Id 664 ack. . 67 vaginulata, Mast. ill

Danke J 664 ramosa, Trin ole erreauxii, Mast. , 114

inodis 7 Rehmannii, Sta verticillaria, Kunth. 105

brevifola, iti . 673 var elf top/ 677 kunocuanis 8, R Br esr

35 : ypensis, Nees - tee

Noe es 74 Schlechters, Rend. * cee aregeans, Steud. . 198

var. cuspidata, setacea, . 198

Ne 74, 762 var. scabra, Stapf 669 feria, Reiehb . 224

ulbosa, Sm 666 ricta, Nee A 76 a; C. 2. Ob gee

ee Sm. 674| subspicata, Stapf 676 aa tek ‘Sehake eA

r. 8, thunb. . 674| tenell grt 58: a, Drége 198, 199

. versicolor, triandra 363 | multicaulis, Drége . 199

Sta, L675 tricostata, at 669 vuta ee do se a

capensis a 667 Trochera, Schrad. 16 palustris, 2. Br

cartilaginea, Sm. 66 undulata, Nees . 675 Senleohtor 0. B. Cl. 738

delicatula, Stapf 672 niflora, Burch. 670 | sororia, Kun

digynu, Thunb. 678| wrvilleana, Kunth . 604 Eleoge ; ; ae

het, saci . 670 osa, Nees . . 668 Banton” :

ra, Nee. . 665 | versicolor, Schrad. . 675 aricoides, Dietr. 260

eckionian ‘Schrad.. 664 llosa, S pitt j. igitatus, Nees . . 224

ot, pes eee Var ma, Stapf 081! dissolutus, Nees 224

. Bataleusis, tra ascicularis, Nees . 213

pf . mais lycina, Panz 693 longifolius, Nees. . 224

geniculata, Thunb. . 675 | Buesia, Linn 104 bicundus, Nees . 214

gigantea, Nees . - 680 uminata, - 108 var. 8, Nees 22h

giyantea, Steud.. . 681} asperiflora, Kunth . 110) scariosa, Dietr. 239

gigantea, Thunb. . 680 oleura, Ne 106} _verrucosula, Dietr 216

ar. Neesii, Stapf 6 cuspidata, Mast... 109 | ELEusINe, Gaert 644

var. ophyll deusta, h Ser ae! egyptiaca, Desf 647

Stap j 68 dregeana, Kunt 110 lis, Salish. . 645

laxiftora, Schrad 675 ngata, Mast. . 114} coracana, Gaertn. . 645

776

saonanien (con.)

cruc

apf.

thymiodorus Nees 7 | 833

Elynanthus «= 275

ocaitae: a aS 289

aristatus, Boeck. 282

auritus, Ni oS

par, BS. . 4 389

var. B . 279

cuspidatus, Nees . 278

dregeanus, Boeck. . 278

gracilis, Nees. . . 27

Kraussii, Krauss . 291

ligulatus, Boeck. . 279

loreus, Ne os 6 G8

microstachyus, Boeck.

278, 281

8, ck. é

spathaceus, Nees. . 272

sylvaticus, Nees . . 279

. i288

SUS, - 289

Enneapogon, Desv. . 654

hystachyus,

Ba i

var. m era,

Stapf eee ;

mollis, Lehm.. . . 635

scaber, Lehm. é

Scoparius, Stapf. . 656

ENToPLocamra, Stapf. 710

aris.ulata, Stap s Fil

EPiscuenvs, C.B B. Cl. 273

q o

CB: Cl. so ae

_Equisetum, Breyn.. . 96

Hxacrostis, Beany. . 594

ta, — rege =

pera, Nee.

Rausonsonet Stapf

atrov oo Nee

barbin 5, Hack - 621

ah Z

bicolor, Poatag 7 2

biflora, Ha: 610

brizantha, a « 62

brizoides, Ni 622

oo Stapf } . 608

INDEX.

ERAGROSTIs (con.)

pore: Stapf

capensis, Trin. . . 623

capillijolia, Nees. . 601

chalcantha, Trin. 615

Chapelieri, Nees . 614

chloromelas, Steud. 602

kb.

dura, Stapf

echinochividea Stapf oa

elata, Monro 622

clatior, Stapf « 5 Oe

archellii,

“st a ee f

elegantula, Stapf.

emarginata, .

rg Hac

enodis, a 11

jiliformis, Nees . . 60

gang , Steud. 617

glabrata, Nees - 598

miflua, Nees. . 62

heterowera, Stapf . 610

homomalla, Nees 63

horneman niana, Nees 631

ypta

var. namaquensis,

Dar. & Sch.. . 630

ee pene «ve GBT

div, ta,

a . 628

laxiflora, Schrad. . 628

pt 0

luaonien: sts, Stead.

major, Host

620

margari tacea, Stapf 604

Marlothii, Hack . 590

ae ee OO

is, Nees . 630

var. robusta, Stapf 630

nebulosa, § $ 3

usa, My erie =

RTO

Hack.

patentissima, Hack. Sta

lana, Nees

p :

Saag Nees SCHL

var. dled te a, Stapf 605

procumbens, . 620

Page

ERAGROSTIS (con.)

pulchelta Parl. 630

acemosa, Steud.. . 616

sarmentoe, Nees 618

sarmentosa, Trin. . 618

relerantha, Nees. 615

Sp., — po

spin ” Trin

sporoboloides, Stapf ear

striata,

phir Neer “8 * Gs

super - 622

Pa arhwasicbd "Btend. 600

truncata, Hack. . . 624

vulgaris

var. megastachya,

ORB sche

Wilmsii, Stapf . . 606

Eriachne

ampla, Nees . . 61

assimilis, Steud.. . 458

aurea, N he 459

var. virens, Nees. 459

pan aa 4

ckloni 5

Wherophation’ Mees . 459

pallida, Nees. . 0

teudelii, Nees . . 460

tuberculata, Nees . 462

Ertantuus, Michx. . 322

capensis, Nees 23

ar. angus tifolius,

var. vitals Stapi pe

Ecklonii, Nees eee

sesh St Be

a aged . 323

» Nees.

E RIGO LEA.

ERIOcAULON, Linn.

abyssinicum, Hochst. 53

africanum, Hochst. . 5

i BB. cee SE

egei, Ast. . 3 Gb

gigantewm, Afz. . 58

ense, dds a OR

radicans, Benth.. 58

sonderianum, Korn. 55

transvaalicum,

.E. Br ‘ 54

Woodii, N. E. Br. .« 57

ysis

pallida, Munro . . 322

ERIOPHOR nn. . 23+

ap gustifoliam, Roth 234

polysta _ yon, Linn. . =

riopodw i

mite Hochst. . 339 ‘

Eriospora, A. Rich. . 297

rehmanniana,C. Bl. peo a

Eulalia 325°

INDEX. UF

fc) Page Pa

ee (con.) | Brcrnta (con.) leh ee (con.) a

nsis, Hochst. 326 | ecapillaris, Nees . . 23 Se

wilaas Nee 25 | .-capillifolia, C. B. Cl. 260 248

Eustachya ci omea,C.B.Cl. 246 var gen 0.B Ul, 248

petraa, Nees . . . 644| commutata, Kunth . 252 |_-picta, Nee 3 'e BBS

opie Borgel pinguior, Cl. . 254

Festuca, Linn.. . 719 Sceud. . 258 Poiretii, Kunth . 251

aspera, Poir. . 723 _-compasbergensis, preemorsa, Nees 249

bromoides, Lin 725 1) aE - 258 oreusta, Nees 49

calycina, Loefl 693 composita, Kunth 251 | -pulchella, Kunth 231

caprina, Nees . 719| ~composita, Nees . 250 punctata, Ho 24.2

var. — Stapf 720 conifera, sa ‘ 39| pusilla, C. B. . 239

var. ei wconterta, Nees oygmeea, Boeck . 254

ciliat ee: oua . 736| dasystachys, C.B.Cl. 251 |} -quinquangularis,

costata, Nees . 721| Adregeana, Kunth 249 ck, oe a Me

Vv fascicularis, ‘ .ecklonea, Wees . . 249 Kunt 237

ees longata, Boe. 245 Jramosissi ma, Kunth . 259

ar. longiseta, Nees 721| sfascicularis, Nees . 256|“-repeus, Kunth . 249

var. longise a 72U| fastigia’ ees ss 25 rugulosa, C. B. Cl. . 241

cristata, Lin 470| _ferruginea, C. B. Cl. 258) -scariosa, Drége .

decumbens, Linke: 535 | sgfilamentosa, Nees. 24 cariosa, ees 2

distachya, Willd 736 | filiformis, Drége. . 245| schinziana, Boeck. . 217

flexa, Steud 737| Afiliformis, Schrad. . 242| —se gee Kunth . . 287

fusca, Linn. cs 592 var. contorta, Nees xima,

longipes, Stapf . . 721 242, 24 . 759

angea, Spreng. . 699 | -fimbriata, E. — . 248 | semibr racteata Nees . 241

mMmonos stachya, Poir. . 736 acilis, Nees . 252) peti poate Sch . 262

rus, Linon, 725) -gract Schrad.. . 247 Ca pitell wi

esiana, Steu 23 | gracilis, Schrad. . 251 wo: By Ole. 304 B58

phleoides, Vill. . 470 v oe delii, Kunth 249

igida, Ku steak 252 | ,stolonifera, Boeck... 243

ra, Vi . 72 ignorata, “Boeck. . 245 | -striata, Drége 250, 253

sciuroides, Roth. . 725 involuta, Drége . . 243) -striata, Kunth 53

spinosa, Linn 12| Vinvoluta, Nees . pe subacuta, C. B. Cl. . 244

unioloides, Wi 735 | gixioides, Nees " esylvatica, Kunth . 241

vulpioides, Steud. 72 unthiana, Boeck. "Bie mn Kunth . 247

est) ia. ee _ Nees tenuis, C. B. Cl. ‘0

Ficinia, chrad. , va. aradowa,Nees 247 cibr tie, Boeck. 245

acrostachys, O.B. 20V ia : 4 -trichodes, Bex . 258

cuminata, Kunth . 246 | late ; Drége pg 248 tristachya, peesk: + 243

uminata, Nees . 45| lateralis, Kunth 24 var. B, Boeck. . 244

albicans, C. B. Cl. . 240 a OLB - 252] tristachya, Kunth . 245

ealbicans, Ne 244 |_--leioc arpa, Nees . 241) Ltristachya, Nees. . 243

a ps, J . 256 srg gs Boeck. . 258 ytruncata, Schrad. 248

angustifolia, C.B.Cl. 259 mpacta, var remorsa,

antarctica, Drége . 22 . 253 C. Ls ee

antarctica, Nees . 217 Aongifolia, C. ‘B. “Cl. n eyheri, Boeck. . 239

phylla, Nees. . . 2 a, CO. B. Cl. labret Vout 199

argyropus, Nees. . pew tg Boeck. $ ae 5

var. minor, Boeck. 248| MacOwani, C. B. Cl. 246 ctw E. & s. 203

watratad, Nees . . . 29 embranacea, Kunth 225 r. a, Boe 202

bergiana, Kunth . 243 var. B, arith Ls ae Burchellii, Tic. :

var. capillaris, micrantha, C. B. Cl. 2 «eae

G. B. €l . . 239] wminutiflora, C.B.Cl. 759| cai , Rid], . 208

olusti, . 4268 2 monta: ntana, Drége . 256) communis, Kunth . 201

= bracteata, Boeck. 254 amonticola, Kunth . 256| complanata, Link . 202

fe spire ict Nees. . nuda, ‘ . 260 yar.consanguinea,

tunea, pallens, Nees. . . 253 CB. 0b a. 202

bs a 08 lida, Nees. 253 var. kraussiana,

Be en Mods ' 256 | Lparadoxa, Nees . . 247 GBs 202

778 INDEZ.

Page Page Page

apiece: (con.) yceria peninblya Keone

sanguinea, Kunth 202 Borreri, Bab. . . . 717 : 351

epnheti, Kunt 20 Neesii, Steud.. . . 71 Cs tus, Andors. or BBG

dichotoma, Vahl 200 igida, S 5 a hirtus, Per 35

diphylla, Vakl 200 | GRAMINE A 0 we BD cens, hetmned 356

egeana, Kunth 201 | Gymnanthelia truncatus, Nees .

~Ecklonii, Nees 2 connata, Asch. & Heteropyxi

ilis, &. . 201 Schwf . « « 355] Hierochloa

-ferruginea, Vahl. . 201 ymnothri . 431 | dregeana, Nees . oe

glomerata, Boeck. . 2038| caudata, Schrad 434 reget, Ai.

hispidula, Boeck 210 cenchroides, R. &S.. 434 Ecklonit, Nees

hispidula, Kunth . 202} hordeiformis, Nees . 43: tenwis , Dar. & Sch.. ‘ 4168

_-‘Araussiana, Hochst. 202| purpurascens,Schrad. 437 Tongo, es . 467

Ludwigti, Steud. . 214] sphacelata, Nees. . 436 var. minor, Nees . . 468

_~ Monostachya, Hass k. 203 | wuniseta, Ne . 438 var. simplea, Nees 468

btusifolia, Kwnth . 203 | Gueinzia Hotcus, Linn, . . . 464

poly orpha, Boeck. . 201 _— Sond. . se asper, Thunb.. . 501

beriana, Kunth . 201} _ }o Cafer, P. Ard.. . . 348

osa, . .. 200 \Harpe eigen, Kunth. 639 affrorum, Thunb. . 348

textilis, Beatson. . 225] altera, Reu - . 637| capillaris, Thunb. . 460

verata,Stend. . . 259] ca apensis, Kunth. . 639 ochna, ak, + « C48

Fineeruutata, Nees . 690 | Hedwig atus, Linn. . . 465

affghanica, Boiss. . 691 ajricana, Medic... . 9] mollis, Sta « + 465

africana, . 691 | Heleocha acemosus, Forsk. . 432

capensis, Lehm 691 fatale, * Boe - 198 saccharatus, Linn, . 348

iliata, Nees 691 lustris, ae . 199| serratus, Thu . 389

seslerizeformis, Nees 692 a ees Lindl. - . 193] setifolius, Thunb. . 462

Fuacenrania, Linn. . 15 Hallmat ia iger, Nees . 464

guineensis, restioides, Steud. . 225 Bera Linn. . . 432

5 Boles m seal «118 - opus orghum, Linn. « S47

a, Auc 16 meyerianus, Doell . 406 | Holoschenus

PLAGELLARIB A ook nn —_— nodosus, D 25

Fuoscopa, Lour. . . 14 . 329| Lhunbergii, Diet:. . 227

capensis, ak yh i cues . 829 | HorpeuM, Linn. 744

glomerata, Hassk. . 15 | Hemicarex capense, Thunb. . . 745

Fourrena, Rott . 260 cklonit, Benth. . . 30: m, Linn. . . 745

ome Schrad. . 2u4| me riana, Benth. . 299 . ik 745

chlor _ ee 262 | sickmanniana, Benth, 299 pratense, H Huds. .... 740

cerw nellacas . 264 a Benth. . 302 ecalinum, Schreb. . 744

Sek corulescens gor 263 | Hemicar. fk shun :

Bao ~~ anani, Is. Totepe, fake 08 233 afgentewm, Vahl. . 266

is . 263 237 | Hyparrhenia

eckloniana, Boos . 264 Dipaetain, Kunth. 260 fulvicoma, Anderss. 359

7Hckloni, Nee - 264 ngustifolia, Schrad. 259| podotricha, Anderss. 356

Ecklonii, Sous - 263| capillifolia, Nees . 2 Ruprechti, Fourn. . 30

enodis, C. B. Cl. . 263) capillifolia, ore chimperi, Anderss. 395

erioloma, Nees . 264 ascicularis, Steud. . 259 umbrosa, Anderss. - 36L

gracilis, Kunth . . longifolia, Nees . . YPHANE, Gertn.. . 30

aglabra, Eckl. . 262, 24 trichorlas; Nees . . 258| crinita, Gert. 30

glabra, Kunth - 26+ | Hem ris natalensis, G. Kuntze 30

whirta, Vahl . . . 264}. vomatides, _—. - 694| petersiana, Klotzsch 30

intermedia, Kunth . 264 | Hemise 275 | Hypopiscus, Nee 139

che Herexaxri, Ruiz & alboaristatus, Mast. 140

ck. - 262 argenteus, Mast.. .- 137

microlepis, Kunth 262 schyana, F Fenal . 2| aristatus, Nees . 37

rolepis, Kanth . 263 Heteroca rpus . ee ar. biaoly Mast. 138

7 mollicula, Kunth . 264! Heteropogon . - . 335! binatus, Mas . 133°

h Ridl. . 262| Allionii, RB. & S..~-.-351| duplicatus, Hosbates peed

pubescens, Boeck. . 262} contortus,R. & S. . 351 Neos Mast 2 >

puvescens, Kunth .261| fil ifolius, Nees. 64:9 tidus, Must. . - 136 ;

Hypoptscus (con.)

oliverianus, Mast 137

rugosus, st. 140

“See 139

synchroolepis, Mast. 139

Willdenovia, Mast. . 136

Hypogynium. . . . 334

Hypotana, R. Br.. . 180

neeps, Mast. . 131

aspera, Mast. . 133

aspera, Mast 132

browniana, 132

Burchellii, Mast 134

decipiens, N. E. Br. 755

diffusa, Mast.. . 13:

eckloniana, Mast. 132

filiformis, Mast. . . 134

gracilis, Mast. . . 185

impolita, Mast 131

incerta, Mast. . 1338

laxiflora, Nees 133

tenuis, Mast. . . 134

coli, Nees . 258

Hypopor .

hielo, Nees

Hystringiu

ceainahen: Trin. :

’ 204

en erie hae

—. ia <* BOO

preieels

698

Ideleria

capensis, Kunth .

Neesii, Kunth .

ImPERATA, Cyr.

arundinacea, Cyr. :

var. africana,

nderss.

dica, Anders s8.321

var Koni ii, Benth. 321

6 Thunbe ergii,

cylindrica, Beauv.

Kenigii,

extlis . Nee ‘

expailescens, Drige . 217 | spherocarpa, Kunt

expallescens, Kunth. 223 pra ‘Schrad. . 249

fascicularis, unth. 213] striata, K 214

fibrosa, Nees . 47 | subtilis, Kunth

J ciniotdes, Sten 247 | ~supina

jfilamentosa, Nees 247| _» var. leucosperma,

filamentosa, R. 206 Os beg

ns, r. 213] tenuior, Steud. <

gracilis, Nees 251| tenuis, Schrad . 219

umilis, Steud 205 | wtenuissima, Nees

umillima, Hochst... 205 hunbergiana, +227

~Hystriv, Schrad. . 233 Thunbergit, Schrad. 227

~incomtula, Nees. . 222 hy a, Boeck. 221

kunthiana, Steud, . 222| #trachysperma, Nees 221 .

leptalea, Schult.. . 21¥| tristac hya. * &S. . 243

stachya, Kunth 216 esi wes . 244

a, N . 202 trunc a hee . 248

Ludwigii, Kunth 214 pide ieceek . 218

lu ua, Nees .« 228| verruculosa, Nees . 216

marginata, Dietr. . 242

membranacea, Nees. 225 JUNCACEA

microcarpa, Nees . 219 ie aici OA i

minima, Schrad. . 233 oe. B. "Gi 161

natans, Dietr. . 220\J5 os tie

ns, Nees . . 215 tangulus, Buchen. 26

INDEX. 779

Page Page

Ischyrolepis atte (con.)

Banaue or Steud. 69 a, R. Br. 225

olepis . eet obtusifolicy, Beauv. 203

“acrostachysy Schrad. 251 liganthes, Nees .. 242

acu . 245) pallida, eee: 20

enti ame ae - . 217) -paludicula, Kunth . 231

aquatilis, Kunth. . 215} palustris, Schrad 220

arcuata, Eckl.. . . 240 aradora, Schr 248

renaria, Drége . . 205| —perpusilla, Nee 220

articulata, Nees . . 228 ocarpa, S 223

atropurpurea, Nees. 219] »plebeia, Schrad. . 223

~—bergiana, Drége 222, 224 r., Schrad. 17

_bergiana, Schult. . 223] podocarpa, Boec 259

icolor, Nees 218 Poiretii, Steud 52

breviculmis, Steud. . 206 | prolifer, R. Br. . .

bulbosa, eae 257 Pseudoschenus,Dietr. 244

vcaptillaris, R. S10 ch Apc Steud. 216

~chlorostachya, Nees. 219 bescens, . 262

~chrysocarpa, Ne 2 pumila, Steud. 242

-collina, St 208} pusilla, Kunth . . 219

commutata, 252 | —pygmea, Kunth . . 219

mpressa, Nees. . 221| radiata, R og 288

wdecipiens, Nees 231 repens, E 24h

diabolica, Schrad 217 iparia, » 219

ag a, 8 224.) -rivularis, Schrad. . 220

jeca, Kunt. 226 robustula, Steud. . 214

silsen bite Kunth. 224 | rubicunda, Kunth . 214

egeana, Kunth 233 rupestris, Kunth 219

dubia, Kunth . 22 ariosa, Nee: 239

Echinidium, Nees . 222 | schenoides, Steud 207

eckloniana, Nee 249 enegalensis, Steud. . 228

var. ees 2 seslerioides, Kunt. 223

_-eckloniana, Schrad. . 216 | ~setacea, R. Br 217

cklonii, Dietr. . 249 tacea, Nees 223

s 22 svroria, Ku 215

780 INDEX.

Page | Pace Page

JuNcUs set Keveria, Pers... . . 468 | Lasiagrostis (con.)

acutifloru Alopecurus, Nees . 469 var. e Ae ai

var. capensis Spreng.20! calycina, DC. . 693 & Rupr. . 53

acutus, Lin 19| capensis, N ees. . 469! elongata, Neos . . 573

var. Leopoli cristata, Pers.. . . 468| LastocHLboa, Kunth . 697

Buchen 19| Gerrardi, Munro 697 adsce ndens, Kunth . 698

acutus, Me 19| parviflora, Ber 469 alopecuroides, Hack. 697

altus, e phleoides, Nees. 471 ciliaris, K

anonymus, . phleoides, Pers 47 ciliaris th 703

brevistilus, Buchen. 20 : . 742| ~ hirta, h . 699

bufonius, Linn . Kra lla 74 hispida, Kunth . 99

capensis, Thunb. 2 LLINGA, Rottb 151 var. longifolia,

var. angustifoliue, alata, Nees . . . 152 Nees . . 698, 699

5| alba, Nees . 51) levis, Kunth . . . 723

var. capitatus, Nees 25 _ var. alata, C.B. Ol. 151 longifolia, Kunth . 698

obentedagnes Mey. 27 atrosanguinea,Steud. oh var. hispida, Stapf 699

cephalotes, Thunb. . 24 rata, Kun var. pallens, Stapf 69Y

cephaotes, Thunb. 25, 27 sek Nae eee ie bishrerye Nees. . 699

aurea, Krauss . .152| ovata,Nees .. .7

ere ae spans, Mey.. 18| Buchanani, C.B.Cl. 155| pectinata, Trin. - . 456

cymosus, Lam. 27| capensis, Steud.. .187| serrata, Kunth . .723 |

diaphanus, Buchen. . 22| ciliata, Kunth . .154| vustuloides, Drége . 700 |

geanus, Kunth 25 consanguinea,Kunth 152| utriculosa, Drége . 698

idea Presl 23 | cristata, Kunth . 1 utriculosa, Nees . 700

effusus, Linn. . . cylindrica, Nees. . 153 Ia, Sw... 4 - 659

exaltatus, Desv. . . 20| Velatior, Kunth . . 153 abyssinica, Hoechst. . 660

exsertus, Buchen. . 21| erecta, Schumach. . 152} egyptiaca, Fig. & De

glaucus, Ehrh. 18| inaurata, Boeck. . 154 Not. . . 660

var. acatissimus, /ueohmanni, Nees. . 154} austra irs, R. Br.

uchen 18| melanosperma, Nees 153| capensis, C. Muell. . 660

inzequalis, Buchen. . 24! pauciflora, bee Te LS elongata, ise . 660

indescriptus, Steud. 26| ,pulchella, Kunth . 154) feroz, Fig. & De Not

Kraussii, risen 19| wmbellata, Rottb. 190 b adra, 8 . 659

Le luzonensis, Pre 6b

lomatop oe = Spreng. 2 mauritanica, Salam. 660

macroc 9 | Lacurtvs, Linn. . 542] mexicana, Kun .

Tne 7 - 19 nie dricus, Linn. | 820 parviflora, Desy.. . 6:0

oxycarpus, Diége . 20 vatus, Linn.. . . triniana, Sieb. . . 660

oxycarpus, Mey. . . 20 Saieenia, Moench . 688 | Lemna, L ‘

ar , Mey. . . 22) aurea, Moench . arrhiza, Linn.. « St

pictus, Steud. . . 23) Lamprocautos, Mast. 114| gibba, Linn. . 40

lebejus, Krauss. . 23| grandis, ae minor, Lin - 40

polytrichos, Mey. . 1 seem, Mai... 4 Jib). otetd, A Bees. 3 ee

punctorius, Linn. f. 20 Lamprodithyros LEMNACEA ... 39

ranarius, Nees . . 23| . adherens, Hassk.. . 12| Lepidanthus

rostratus, Buchen. . 21 equinoctialis, Hassk. 12] Wéalldenovia, Nees . 136

rupestris, Kunth . 21| dregeanus, Hassk. . 13 oe

scabriusculus,Kunth 22 | L 10 B

var. subglandu- aliena, Spreng. . . 578 intoluoratim

losus, Buchen.. 22 decipien s, Fiz. & De Spr , 287

Schimperi, Hochst. . 20 Not... 578 Rottbwllig, Schrad. . 287

serratus, Linn. f. . 28| phleoides, Fig. & De thermale, Schrad. . 289

Singularis, Steud, . 25 Not. 7 th ale, Spreng. - 237 °

sonderianus,Buchen. 25 racemosa, Honck. ‘ _ 578 triangulare, Boeck. .

sre Nees. . 24| setacea, Spreng. . . 699) Lepidotosperma A

spretu 19) setiformis, Spreng. . 699 | Rottballii, Schrad. . 287

cuigtandulosuss Steud. 22 | Lappula . 598 | Lepisia (276

submonocepha: ees sdsstets “Hochst. » 288

Steud. . ee

ensis, Nees . . 573 ustulata, Presk. 0% 80

INDEX. 781

Page | Page Page

Eg ieabe erum . . . 325 | MackocH&TIUM, —— (con.)

ponicum, Fr. "& Say. 326 . Stead. 3 ee ar. humilis,

rat me ees. . 326 regei, Steud. 291 196

Leprocarpus, R. Br. . 116 | Malacochete var Zeyheri,

urchellii, Mast 117| Pterolepis, Nees 232 Bites . 196

distachyos, R. Br. . 127 | Maltebrwnia Thunbergit, Schrad. 193

imbricatus, R. Br. . 127 prehensils, Nees . 659 uitenhagensis,Steud. 187

incurvatus, Mast. .118|MaApaNIEx . . . 150} umbellatus, Vahi . 190

modestus, Mast.. . 119 | Mariscus, Gertn. . .185| wumbellatus, Vahl . 189

neglectus, Mast.. . 117 albomarginatus, umbilensis, C. B. Cl. 193

oxylepis, Mast. . . 118 Cc. . 187| vestitus, C. B. Cl. . 188

| paniculatus, Mast.. 116 var. "pinacifera, Megastachya

| peronatus, st. 18 1, Be Qhoccia sve hBl brizoides, &8.* . 623

var. hirt irtellus, Mast. 119| Bolusi, C. B.Cl.. . 193} ciliaris, Beauv.

| ehh ION, capensis, Schrad. . 186 | Melancranis

| Hoe 648} congestus, C. B. Cl. 191| gracilis, Nees. . 255

pe ele opecu vidos Stanf - var. brevis, C. B. Cl. 192 | -nigrescens, Schrad. . 255

apf . var. glandulifera, radiata, Schrad. . 238

B. Cl . » 192 | radiata, Vahl. . .

. 590] Coopeari, Ct 197| rigidula, Nees 255

592| deciduus, U. B. Cl. . 191 4 Vi 5 55

650| dregeanus, Kunth . 187| tenuis, Eckl sees a

nani, Me nica, Lin é

vee 188} Bolusii, Stap - 68

.741| durus, C. B. Cl. . 19 Caffrorum, Sechrad 685

se BZD elatior, 0. B. Cl.. . 194 var. decumbens,

he. 74 elephantinus, Nees . . 687, 688

B. Gl... . « + 195| capensis, Thunb. . 673

. 137 dine Vv aka 190 ecembens, Thunb. 687

humilis, decumbens, Web. 535

633 191 dendroides, Lehm 688

nth. .

‘Grantii, C. B. Cl. Fale, Linn. f. . .

.199| Gueinzii, C. B. Cl. . 195 festucoides, Licht. . 675,

. 197 i N eee

B. Cl.. 194| geniculata, Thunb. . 675

. 680

199 involutus, C.

.198| Kraussit, Hochst. . 188| gigantea, Thunb.

. 199 — eformis, Neesili, Stapf ete Oe

. 188| ovalis, Nees . . 686

. 850 lavelitonon CB. ot..191 pumila, Stapf .

265 macer, Kunth . . 190 osa, Thunb 685

265 | macrocarpus, K: 1 rigida, Wibel. . ~ 535

Marloth B, Cl.. 187 | Mex ints, ogi oo a Af

266 vi lobispica, aero

. 266 1 ar. pi ilo, _ -

. 266 nossibeensis, Steud. 189 Meciereenes, orn

aQwani, C. B. Cl.. .1 radicans, Korn. . . 38

9 piluliferus, G Ber 268 | Mesanthus

. 329 i hst. 1 macrocarpus, Nees . 142

38 se «Ricinus, Nees. . . 148

i . 740 se . . 196] Microcnioa, R. Br. . 635

um, Lam. . 739 siete le 193| abyssinica, Hochst.. 636

Te ellis 0. = Cl. 193| altera

eg robustior, var. Nelsonii,

| a 0. B. Cl.. . 193 Staph 6 acs 3 68T

Vis. . . 740 var. trisumbel- caffra, Nees ; | ee

Wdantaw, Lien: 788 latus, C. = — 193| setacea, R. Br. . . 636

i 647 sieberianns, N 89 | Milium

, 647 x cei, arundinaceum,

27 C. B. Cl. . 189 Sibti. & Sm . 675

27 Linede C. B. Cl. . 195 multiflorum, Cav. . 575

782

Miscanthus

head Anderss. . 323

Monachyr

roseum "Parl. bya wy AS

tonsum, Parl... . . 444

Mon

cyindrien, — so a GAL

subula we G41

Monocho

caginals Kirk ou 2

Mono oS

Miihlen

aan Walp. . 550

lines alma engl AL

Natas, Lin

rae denier eg K.Schum. 51

tessellata, Nees . . 748

ematanthus

Eckloni, Nees. . . 145

PRRA, Dinh) a 46

brevifolia, Schum.

latifolia, Linn 746

paniculata, 5S 747

Ophiurus

pi peepee Beauv. . 741

subulatus, Link . . 741

Ocnictente! Linn. 15

africanus, Beauv

velutinus, Schult. f. su

OroPetium, Trin. . . 741

capense, Stapf - 742

Ortho opog _

africanus, Sweet. . 417

hirtellus, ‘Spreng. ye §

loliaceus, stgehoh es sper!

i eso ‘Spre ng. ‘ “505

velutinus, Spreng. . 417

Oryz

68 A. BOs: <o G60

exandra, Doell

prehensilis, Steud. . 659

Orxzopsis, Michx.. . 574

iliacea, Richt ter . 574

INDEX.

P&PALANTHUS, Mar 59

Wahlber dene pote 59

PANICU 1

153 ee 382

daca Sat eo - 430

requinerve, Nees ‘305, 100

africa 417

cada ‘That, 432

americanum, Lin 32

ammop hilum, Steud. 446

Aparine, Steud. 430

Reeaticoiciin?

ae ta ke ay, eee

arenarium, Brot 409

3 ir goa Nees 3

ectum

eee Retz | 348

apense, Li 6

capillare, Linn. . . 407

caucasicum, Trin. . 390

caudatum, Thunb. . 586

chrysanthum, Steud. 427

c dee a — jo

genes se Pen 409

a tes . 411

hacen r Cpense Nees 411

var. y, Nee 411

var. af ucum. n Hack, 411

commutatum, Nees . 375

— argyrograp:

nv, Hack... «374

Bcd eg Doell . 417

Vers Cringe cc SUP

confine, Hochst. . . 405

controversum, Steud. 392

pets ae otal ud. 404

coryophorum, Kunth 415

Crus- valli i, Tihs.» 397

var. agninum,

Hack. . . 395

Cras-pavonis, N Nees - 397

curv aan, Lin m.. . 414

nellum, Dur.

Sch. 415

Dactylon, Lin . 634

dasyanthum, Licht. | 446

ees 425, 427

pe Dest. ee ay if 8

deflecum, Guss. . . 671

densiglume re . 381

deustum, Thun . 403

diagonals, seg .

diffusum, Sw -

dimidiatum, Linn. . 439

PANICUM (co

iticulie,

filiforme, Jacq. .

filiforme, Poir 377

filiforme, Thun 376

‘flabellatum, Steud. . 421,

frumentaceum i

ar manana i

‘ 396)

Gal anb.

eg wcum

ar: a, 7 . 428 |

atoaenlen ‘Ha ck. 393

etait Kunth . 378°

Helopu 1

var. labreseons

392

hivuttectenn Steud. 405 —

hirtellu in . 417 4

hispidulum, Nees . 898

hocks num

ic 2

A ie ricewm, " Nees + ; 389

chn . - 390

licu inn. . » 429

javanicum, Ba 392

jumento

: Se. Z

etogonum, Del. -

eucopheum, Sw. - 382

ge stig jean) 422

loliaceum, Lam. 417

lycopodioides, Bory 15

eae pete

var. minus, Hack. 415

numidian, Hook.

numidianum, Nees . 404

obumbratum, Seat bn

* 407

am teins

: co . 405

penicl cillutum, Nees . 427

perlaxum, Stapf. . 400

Dicer

var. gracile, Nees. pits

proliferwm, Hook. f.. 4

serratum, "Spr . 388

sphacelatum, Bread. 444

stagni’ led - 394

SU whguadeipar

r oe

Ee m, Au aN . 42

syleation, Steud. . 417

rim, 4 41

ternatun fakin . 377

onsum, Steud. . 44

trichoglume, K.

Sch

trichop a. ry Rich. 392

iahewen: chet, . 3vl

typhurum, Stapf. . 414

liginosum, . 414

unguiculatum, Trin.. 403

niglume, Hochst. . 381

elutinum, Mey. . 7

verticillatum, Linn. 429

pinum, Willd. . 483

Wightti, Nees. 390

eyheri, Nees ype.

abi AG og B. coe 402

2, 898

Pappophors

Sein Hochst. 656

earancng si mM,

Jau ach . 655

dicey Pe & De

cenchroides, Licht. . 636

oo Fig.

ec kecats 655

molle, Kn

nanum, ‘ 655

phleoides, Trin 65.

bustum, Hook. £. . 656

scabrum, Kunt. . 657

senega’ense, Stend. . 655

vincentianum,

Schmidt . . 655

INDEX. 783

Page Page Pa

24NICUM (con.) PANIcUM (con.) Papyrus vid

Marlothii, Hack.. .390| sa pei oe - 379 | madagascariensis,

maximam, Jacq. 404 var bi Willd. Pigs fo *

megaphyllum, Steud. 421 ur. . 879! venustus, Nees 183

melanostylum, H 388 var. aber Paspatum, Linn 369

mesocomum, NV asad ack.. . + - egyptiacum, Poi 379

meyerianum, Nees . 406 var. distans, Doell 378| brevifoliwm, Fluegge 380

jare, . 408 ar. fenestratum Commersonii, Lam, . 370

minus, Stapf . 410 hwf. . . . 37 debile, Poir. 377

var. planifoliom, var. filiforme, igitaria, Poir. 70

tap . 411 Dur. & Sch... 378 issectum, Nees. . 370

sacl fod ic, - 415 var. agian distichum, Lin 371

enonoda se goa. 374 he nanum, Deal the

talense, Hochst. . 412] scabrum, Lam 395 Elliottié, Wats. .

nepalense, St 2 scopuliferum, Trin. . 389 littorale, R tbe

nigrirostre, Ne 3| sem longiflorum, Beauv. . 37

pedatum, var. “elonianu, longiflorum, Retz. 380

ro . 418 mauritan 70

ees

michauxiamum saps a

parvulum, Tri

paspaloides eattik: ro

ae -Durva, Nees 380

« 879.

sanguinale,

serobieulatom, Lint 370

atu ud..

uamatum, Ste 371

saa m R. r 80

tum, Hook. f. . 377

vaginatum, Sw. . 371

ntctll : . 431

ciliata, Willd . 432

cylindrica 8. . 432

fallax, F eNot. 432

igritarum, Schlecht. 432

Plukenetii, L ‘ 432

addi. D

_Not.

spicata, Willd. f » 432

ip: » Fig. &

2 : . 432

PENNISETUM , Pers 430

alopecu roides ‘Spreng, 432

slipicel pier Steud. 436

asperum, Se hult 434

cenc ides, 436

ecenchroides, Rich. . 433

ciliare, Lin 3

dioicwm, ;

hordeiforme, Spreng. 434

innet, Kunth . .

longisetum, K.Schum. 438

tum, Trin. . 434

natalense, Stapf. . 435

gricans,Dur.& Sch. 432

Nig a ur. &

ch. 2

Plukenetis "Dor. &

: 432

purpurascens, Dur.

& Sch. - . 486

184 INDEX.

Page Page Pag

pi ero teaeiabie (con.) gia egy (con.) PHENIX (con.)

sphacelatum, Dur. sy — — pf. + 505 leonensis, Lodd. .

ch. . 435 reclinata, Jacq. . .

var. tenuifolium, eae Drége 502} spinosa, Schum. &

Stapf . . . . 436 ieee, Stapf . 504 Thonn. rene =

spicatum, Korn. . 43 heterocheta, Stapf. 503 PHRAGMITES, | rin... . 544

tenuifolium, Haek. . 436 erhane Stapf . . 497 barbata, Barch. - . 549

lag ingen Kunth . 436 oe, Stapf ; on capensis, Nees . . 54

r.Galpinii,Stapf 437 ie pf . communis, Trin. . 54]

typhoideam, Rich. . 432 junit, Staph 490, 761 var. nuda, Dur. &

uk enetii, Stapf . Sch. . 54959

433 a Pet io F 206 mauritiana, Kunth . 5419

idee Willde- aire Stapf . . 509} nudus, Nees . :

2, K.Schum. 433| macrantha, Nees. . 520! Xenochloa, Trin. . 5445

sisactene Benth. .437| natalensis, Stapf . 493) Piptatherum

sree ERIS, Beauv. . 512] nutans, Stapf . . 488) miliaceum, Coss..

iroides, pallescens, Stapf 485 ultiforum, Beauv. 57

argentea, Stapf . 487| patula, Stapf. 510} Pistia, Li

curvifolia, Nees . . 492 var. acuta, Stapf. 5'0| africana, Presl

dregeana, Stapf 515 r.glabrata,Stapf 510 sociales, Klotesch

involucrata, Nees 539 patuliflora Rend. . 761

longiglumis, Stapf . 514| rupestris, Stapf. . 498| Platyl

cr Nees ‘0

acrantha, Ne 52) aihaittola, peed . 499 Paap Kunth . . 2471)

pallescens, Nees. . Thunbergii, Sta , Steud. ... 267h

papillosa, Nees . 501 Oot, 761 Perea ey sie eee

speciosa, Stapf . . 514 var. _ brevifolia, ne wrachne Be

a eoaiiges ice 515 Stapf . £08 ecunda, Schrad. . 257} |

. 529 var. bulbothrix, Siebers, "Schrad. . 257 |

Phar ‘Kanth . 513 ee 508] Poa, Linn joc ece f

Thua: aw. 513 var.ebarbata Stapf annua, Linn... . . 7I59-

var. urehelli somenbetig. Stapf aspera, Jacg.. . . 628] —

. 513| tortuosa, Stapf . . re Pence eg Stapf . 713]

tortuo a, Nee . 491| triseta, Stapf. . . 495! ber nth. . 625)

Siatisccinne “Stapf. 480| Tysonii, Stapf . . 493 bidentata, Staph . 713i,

acinosa, Sta tapf . 495] viscidula, Stapf. . 436 é

var. truncatula, Zeyheri, Stapf . . 497 Sore. Hock. Arn. TAT

496 | Perotis, Ait. . 575 brizoides, Linn. f. . 623})

wehbe Stopf . re hordeiformis, Nees . 576| bulbosa, nats at Te

angustifolia, Stapf . 502| latifolia, Ait. . 575|. capensis, Ste . 6

albese lawifolia, Beanv.. . 576 chale antha, Kunth 6 LER Y

Eat: . 5038}. scabra, Willd: . . 576 Chapelieri, Kunth . 615))

var. cirrhulosa, Puataris, Linn. . . 682| ciliaris, Lion. ~. - 680/)

- . + . 6038] ambigua, me & De cristata, With. . . 469}))

var. 1 ania ot. . . 683} ecurvula, Schrad. .-

aquatica, Ait. . | 683 cyperoides, Thunb. . 611)

lasek, Stapf . 485 aquatica, Thunb. . 684 decumbens, Schrad. 535)

as Stapf . undi , Linn.. 683} Eragrostis, Cav . 6:

brachyathera, Stapf bulbosa, Desf... liformis, Krauss . 610

Burchellii, Stapf 501| ccesi 4 83| filiformis, Thunb. . 600

capensis, Stapf . . 494! capensis, nb, . 3} floc > . 625

colorata, Stapf . .491| dentata, Dur. & Sch. 456| gangetica eae . 617

eg ena dentata, Linn. f.. . 455| glabrata, Kunth. - 599

Stapf . disticha, Forsk. . .588| glomerata, oak . 704, F

curvifolia, Stapf. . 491| minor, Retz. . . . 682 ’ i

densifolia, Stapf. . 506 PHILODENDREZ. . . 33 papa gee Pe 2 aut

var.intricata,Stapf 507 | Phleum a, Koel. . 620

gans, Stapf . .496| crinitum, Schreb. . 544 pete Fors a . 620

ele hre oe . 57

eriostoma, Stapf .489| dentatwm, Pers. . . 455| papillosa, Schrad. - 705

evadenia, Stapf . . 510) subulatwm, Spreng.. 699 hleoides, Tam. iS

fibrosa, Stapf. . . 492|Puanix, Linn... . 29 acemosa, Steud..

INDEX. 785

Page Page | Pp,

Poa (con.) PoTAMOGETON (con.) ReEsTIo (con.) ee:

racemost, mean . 616| Richardii, Solms. . 47] argenteus Willd..

rigida, Lin . 718| rufescens, Schrad. 7| aristatus, Thunb. 138,14)

sarmentosa, ge ee as 619 tenuicaulis, F. Muell. 47} asperif ees . 110

a . . 612] Thunberyii, Cham. . 46] bifarius, Mas Rees 8

striata, Thu b.. . . 625| Poramopuita, R. Br.. 658] bifidus, Nees 86

iali i Pee ay a prehensilis, Benth. . 659 var. B, 86

Uniole, Schrad. . . 705 | Prionachne var. gracilis, Nees 86

OAG mm. 8 —— . .760| dentata, Nees. . 456 | ~bifidus, Thunb. . 9

ee Ecklonit, Nees . . 456 tfurcus, Mast. . &3

PRionaNTHIUM, Desv. 455| ,bifurcus, Nes . 83

Meerikidiiels Nees 550 Ee ii, Stapf . 455 bigeminus, . yl

stylum, Nees . 550| pholiuroides, stapf . 456| callistacbyue, Kunth 94

Nees. 550] rigi Desv. . . 455] capillaris, Kunth

humile, Nees 550| Priontum, BE. Mey. . 281 casuariniformis,Nees 69

ge tog almita, EH. Mey. . 28 cernuus, Ti.unb. . 128

fk oy serratum, Dr = . 28] Chondropetalum,Nees 112

Stapf 589 | Psrup - cincinnatns, Ma 79

. 58 comosus, N. E. . 163

se . 32 SF se Siont- . 763 Eye: R to. . 05

Spreng. . 344 | Pseudo-Pycrew . 151 major, Mast.. $5

Trin, « . 826 Porscs Bohowsia 213 eMtolie's , Steud. . 94

villosa, Spreng. 325 | Psilopogon erinalis, Mast. ee

esf. . 54 sea Hochst. . 326|-curviramis, Kunth . 78

6, ‘Tri 5 | Pteroes . 595| —cuspidatus, Thunr.. 66

monspeliensis, Desf. 543 | Pter olep cuspidatus, Thunb, . 136

r. capensis, ceonaa. Sap ,aebilis, Nees . . 96

teu . . 544 | Ptychophyllum . iD depauperatus,Kunth 78

polysetus, Steud 544| Pyenostachys. . 162] dichotomus, Gert J

Us. ‘ 4 YCREUs, Beanv . 155 pesintag 3) ae ¥ oe

. speleus, Nees 545| angulatus, Nees . . 16 7

rongn. . 4 etschuanus, C.B.Cl. 159 brenalowedl: Rottb. "128

E 1 cbrysanthua, C.B.Cl. 161 dichotomus, Thunb... 85

AMOGETON, Linn 45| Cooperi, C. B. Cl. . var. B, Tn a

Ba 47| elegantulus, C. B. Cl. 1 digtabie, s, Nees . oe

ferrugineus, C. B Cl. 158 dapletet Thunb, . 182

Thunbergii, flavescens, Reichb, . 156 r, Mas . ee

an ee 46| levigatus,Nees . - 162 pip as A Rottb. <kee

crispum, Linn. . 47 teralis, Nees . 165| distichus, Rottb.. . 129

i . , 46] macranthus,C B.Cl 156 _-distractus, Mast. . 70

«ey 48 Mnndt C68 » 5 157 divaricatus, M plats 2

huillensis, Welw. 47| oakfortensis,C.B.Cl. 159| echinatus, ey) ets a’

javanicus, Hassk. 47| polystachyus,Beawy. 157 Keklonii, Mast. . . 75

ifoli Gay . 48 var lax ee ,Benth.158 ~egrexins Hochst. . 92

ai 48| rehmannia se var, nutans, Mast, 92

var. fuitans, Coss. C0. B. Ct. preety ast. 68

ae Germ. . eubros, Sees. ee re elegans, Poir. rapes "ast

i macenphytivs, Wolfg. 48 Elegio, Linn. . - - oO

marinum, Linn.. . on Rabdochloa Eleocharis, Pegs 8

Natans, Linn... . - mucronata, Beauv. . 647 oo ‘Thunb. . 124

var ¢ is, : Vulpiastram, De Not. 618 ere pen se 08

| - &S8ch.. ... 46|RESTIACE erec ge, Thunb. via nt

~ ‘war. fluitans, Cham. 46 getilnt vine a eriophorus, Rei a:

matans, A. Rich... . 4 " Thunb. 143 fastigiatus, N ot

-, natans,Taunb. . .° 4 pe pace sendy Nees . 14°| ferr — Kunth. 69

| Oederi,Mey.. . . 48| ambiguus, Mast.. - 96 erruginosus, Link . 67

parvifolia, Buchen.. 47 ameles, Ste ra SR festuswformie, Nees 87

| pectin ana aes 40 reuatus . 69] -filiformis, Poir. - 86

pusilla 4 w argenteus, Thuob. va monosta-

var. ma, or, eos 48 123, 137 chyus, Mast. .

/2 VOL. maf,

786

Page

Restio (con.)

var. oo

Mast

abate N. ‘E. “pe : ; 753

fraternus, Kunth . 67

Venedisceus, Thunb.

117, 119

S oeaitiage! Kunth . 72

Rai NCGS. thao

“garnt a ianus, Kunth. 86

va onostachyus,

var. oligostachyus,

Be Set hes 8)

gaudichandianus,

TOURETE

gram

grandis, Spren DTG

var. B, Nees 16

veh, Mast, 91

Helene, Mast 74

Hystrix; s 76

im! ricatus, Thunb, . 127

implexug, Ber. £0

impolitus. Kunth 13

meurvatus, Thunb. . 11

intermedius, Kunth 73

ischemoides, Nees 87

Cunthii, Stend. . 74

laniger, Kunth 69

hmanni, N os

ees

s, Mas

leptos betlivas: Kunth 78

weavanus, Kunth

lucen s, P

to oir : va

ae inor, Mast.. 98

y Ludwigii, Steud. . 80

nacer, Kunth 17

_-~ Mastersi, F. M 94

membranaceus, Nees 108

micans, Nees . 93

icans, Nees . 98

miercstachys, Nees . 68

i Kunt. 89

monanthos, Mast. . 79

tus, Ne 104

ulticurvus, N.E.Br. 751

multiflorus, Spreng.. 85

Neesii, Mast. . . . %5

nudus, Nees . 100, 114

var. pduciflorus,

N Dogg ve KOE

nutans, ee ea

nutans, Thunb. . . 124

_oblongus, Mast. 71

INDEX.

REstTIo (con )

acon rhea 93

s, Kun =

atn

S eligaeteiciniiar Kunth

SL ewiske we en Kunth 38

palea ae

124, =

panic Berea -

Ppaniculats Rottb. . 16

pan 8, Mast.. . 85

piscine Thunb.

113, 142

patens, Mast.. . oy

pauciflorus, Poi 66

pedicellatus, Mat. | ye 90

wpe eae , Kun 90

var acilis Mast. 90

polystachyns Kunth Mp

pre s, Mast. .

Prothane Nees ssi63

ah otractus, Mast. . 97

seudolept icensadk

— 89

Apunchilatus, Nees J29

purpur ®, Nees. 88

ayeahnackysedias’ 74

—quadratus, Mast. 95

qu inquefarins, Nees 82

cemosus, Lam, . 03

ramiflorus, Nee . 17

Rhodocoma, Mast. 93

rottbellioides,Kunth 77

saroclados, Mas 99)

aberulus, N. E. Br. 751

sagt: Thunb. 122, 123

cenoides, Kunth. 71

svirpiformis, Nees 122 4

Scopa, unb. a sac TAY

ser pari, Kunth . 70

Scopula, Mast 06

rhea 1®, 97

setiger, Kunth 72

-Sieberi, Kunth . 73

implex, Forst. . 98

simplex, Steud. . . 124

derianus, Mast. . 89

spicigerus, Lam. . 28

spictgerus, Thunb. . 121

var. B, j

Sprengelii, Mast. . 66

uamosnus, mb. . 98

~squarrosus, Poir. 71

squarrosus, Spreng... 66

strictus, N. E. Br. . 752

etrobilifer, Ku 88 |

subfaleatus, Pa 75

Case ei

subu

siuieegtiane ual 69

RESTIO

thyrsifer, Lam. . . 109

uve

seetiatieir. Sasies if

vilis, Kunth ‘ 2

vimineus, Linn. phy

vimineus, Rottb. .

vimineus, Thunb. . 91

var. B,

hunb. 80

virgatus, Rottb. . . 141

Wallichii, Mast.. . 76

eyridioides, Kunth. 88

REsrrIoiD 208

Rhaphis

adi ape 347

-Rhodoc a+

sneha. Sie

isetum, 94

Rhynchelythrum

dregeanum, Nees - 444

ruficoma, hst. . 444

Rhynchospora. See

RYNCHOSPORA.

Ricwarpia, Kun 36

ricana, Kunth . . 38

albomaculata, . 37

ee Schott. 37

hastat: 38

a, Hook. f.

a sea Harrow 36, 37

nw. Ww ” Wateo 37

Siieationss., Hook. f. 38

Br.

Rorrsaria. Linn. f. 328

—. Beauv. . 439

iculata,

INDEX.

. Page Page

RottTBeE Lita (con.) ScHMIDTIA (con.)

dimidiata, Linn. f. 489] quin guetta Fic. &

fase culate, Lam, . 329 Hi er Soe 0eS

hordeoides, Munro . 331 |ScHa@ye LOU

loliacea, Bory . 740 | Schenidium ;

setacea, Roxb. 63 aterale, Nees . 240

subulata, Savi. 741 | Schenoplectus

Seramacodes oe . 439 spices ex Palla. . 231

uppPia, Linn . . 49} Schenopsis

maritima Burmanniy Nees. . 283

v eiasea exuosa, Nees . 284

ve schers. . CH@NOXIPHIUM, Nees 297

spiralis, Dwm. 50| Buchanant, C. 'B. Ci. 305

__ eee Vahl 267| Burkez, C. 'B. Cl. 298

rea, Vahl .. 63 capense, Boeck. 299

vperoides, Mart 267 pense, Ne 299

ferruginea, RB. & 269} dregeanum, Drége .

glauca, Vahl z68| dregeanum, Kunth . 298

lava, he 26 Eckionii, Nees 302, 303

macrocarpa, Boec 268| Lehmanni, Kunth . 304

nitida, Spreng. 289] Ludwigit, Hochst. . an

polyceph Kunth. 268| meéeyerianum, C.B.Cl.

spectabilis, Hochst... 268 ss get Kunth 799

triceps, R. & S. 68} rufum, Boeck 298

rufa ees i | 298

SaccHarum, Linn... . 321 ss lbing aS

capense, 323 Kun . 299

cylindricum, Lam. . 320 Thunbergii, Nees

Ecklonti, Steud. . 323 298, 302, 303

grandifiorum, Walp. 444|Scu@nus, Linn. . . 271

Kenigti, Retz. . 321] aggregatus, Spreng. . 224

unroanum, Hack.. 321) ~agyregatus, Thunb. . 272

Sorghum, Steud.. . 32 arenarius, Schrad. . 289

sphacelatun Walp.. 444] aristatus, Steud. 283

tcatum, Linn. . 7 aristatus, Thunb. 272

Sa i Thunb. atratus, Schrad 253

30, 576| bromoides, La 87

Thunbergii, Bote. 320} bulbosus, Linn. 257

Scuismus, Beauv. . 692} bulbosus, Thunb. 257

arist late . hap (95 var. B, dam: .:< 25

brevifolius, Nees . 693| Burmanni, R. & S. . 283

nus, val Burmanni, Vahl . 3

ouve. 3| capensis, Burm. . . 96

patio sates Beau 693 ypensis, Li } 285

r. flacci a, Stapf 694} capillaceus, Thunb. . 282

ee ns, Capitellum, Thunb. . 253

Stapf caricoides, Steud. 260

ar. tenuis, Stapf 694 j lis, 284

Keoleriaiien, Stapf . colo

margi natus. 3, B: wuy.. 693 ar. 8, Lanne. sd

scaber ees . 694| compar,Linn. . . 289

tenuis, Steud. . . 694] -coronatus, Steud. 28

Bebe a. cuspidatus, Rottb. . 27

ata, Pig. & DeNot. 564 I Vahl. 4:27

boseoate +33 deustu. g-. we 280

Schizolepis . 394 dispar, Speen. a» B67

‘Scamiptia, Steud. . 657| fasciatus, Rottb.. . 281

bulbosa, Stapf - 658) filiform is, Lam. « o 2a2

pappophoroides, fil aha R. & 8. 40

Breage ws. O58 255

~filiformis, Thunb.

3 E 2

Page

ScHENUS (con.)

filiformis, Willd. . 255

flewuosus, Thunb 284.

fragijerus, Rudge 268

glomeratus, Thunb. . 270

hypomelas, Spreng. . 272

Hystrix, Vahl. . 73

~inanis, Thunb 234,

v s, L A 253

involucratus, Rottb. 287

levis, Thunb... . 272

lanceus, Thunb. . 299

Aateralis, Vahl 240

ariscus, Linn. 92

microstachys, Vahl . 284

oe 272

nivew . 188

oltgantibe, Rast . 242

pallens, = ohrad..°. 3. 253

punctori abl. 290

quaidranguiarts, Boock. 274

-radiatus, Linn. f. . 238

scariosus, Thunb. - 255

scariosus, Vahl . . 239

jadeaniia, Vabl Ae i |

n. 85, Rotth. . . 289

tus, Burm. ois

picatus, Thunb . 257

striatus, Thunb. . 253

teppei Steud. 253

1818, Rottb. 268

ven dite, “Sied h. . 234

r, Spren 273

thermalis, Linn 285

ermalis, Wil 287

tristachyus, Thun). 273

ustulatus, Linn 288

VISCOSUS, 289

Schult: sia

petrea, Spreng. . . 644

SciRvEZ . s 149

IRPO-SCHENEX 49

ce)

~ WY

ee ee ad oe

capitan; Linn

738

Page

Scirpus (con.)

capilliolias, Parl. . 214

ce , Vahl 219

var. "sabtilis, C. B.

Cl.

ciliaris, Per

collinus, Boeck 20)

mplanatus, Retz. . 202

confervoides, Poir 215

corymbosus, Lin 263

orymbosus, Roth 229

status, Boeck. . 21

crinitus, RB. & 8... 24:

cuspidatus, R. & S. . 278

cyperoides, Linn 18)

diabolicus, Steud. 21

ie tomus, inn. 20

dijitatus, Boeck.. 224

dicecus, Boeck. . 226

a mai

phala, Boeck 226

diphyllus, Retz. 201

eannus, Cl. 224

eckloneus, Steud . 24

tus, Boeck. . 24

~xpallescens, Boeck. 223

falsus, C. B. Cl. . 239

ope. pena Thunb. . 255

ferrugineus, Linn, . 2u1

fi cineformis, Boeck. 223

—ficinioides, Kunth . 229

filamentosus, Vahl . 206

fiotulosus, Poir. 9

i men ngewe Steud. . 224

_—flui 1

hispidulus, Vab

Holoschcenus

var. hunbergii,

C. ‘ 227

_-hottentottus, Linn. . 265

Hystrix, Thunb. . . 233

inanis, Steud. . 234

incomtulus, Boeck. . 222

intricatus, Linn... . 179

Isolepis, Boeck. . . 235

karrvicus, C. B. 221

Kunthit, ke eae

-laciniatus, Thunb. . 248

acustris, Linn. . 31

enticularis, Boeck. . 214

leptostachyus,Boeck. 216

us, Boeck. . 228

wmosus, Schrad.: . 199

ittoralis, Schrad. . 231

ii, % oe 214

INDEX.

ge (con )

ar. gees Kunth ae

Boe

Ma rae Sa kes 200

marginatus, Thunb, . 242

_—maritimus, Linn 232

membranaceus,

nb. . 224

minut ‘sinus, Boeck. 21

natalensis, Boe . 233

-natans, T ee 220

Neesii, Boeck.. . 221

nodosus, Rottb. - 225

obliganthus, Steud, . 242

pliganthus, Steud. . 242

ier Pewb a Kunth 30

rma de ecipiens,

eh B. ie: 280

sanrdapeelay Linn. 198

pil 23:

aries C ‘B. Cl 222

Pollichii, Gren

G 86

prolifer r, Rot 226

prse ra erin Steud.244

Racotals, Kuuth . 232

pubescens, Lam. . 261

pulchellus, Boeck. . 231

en Ham. 2-8

radiatus, Thuu . 238

rehina: aaa Boa:

Page

Scirpus (con

ear ab ten uN a 228

cnysper

“C. rigs . 221

transvaalensis, ‘Boeck. >

trigynus, Lin 239

te bead cae &

Go i . 232

tri , Li 3U

trispi eae Linn. She 241

trispicatus, Thunb. . 225

stristachyos, Rotth. . 243

truncatus, Sieber. . 240

truncatus, Thunb 248

vaginatus, Thunb 257

ius, C. ree 229

ustulus , Boe ck. - 218

var. Pt rocaryon,

, Cl... 759

Zeyheri, Boeck. . 209

GLERIA; Berg. «0. 4/298

a ta, Nees. 6

ani, Boe 3

catophylla, C. B. Cl. 294

nchroides, Ku 294

dregeana, Kunth 295

hir y anes se eee

yar. tuberculata,

Detlef ie

ene _

rivalaris, Boeck. . . 220 rantha 296

avit, Sev. & Manri. 219 meen a "Kanda

tosus, R. & 255 eyeriana, Kunth

shins Boeck. . 227 natalensis, C. B. Ol. 296

sche s, Boeck. . 207 utans, Kunth 294

ccna Rocek. 215,221) Rehmanni, C. B. Cl. 295

var. ecklonianus, setulosa, Boeck. . . 295

0e . 1 oodii, C. B. Cl. 295

setaceus, Linn. . . 217 | Sclerochatium

setaceus, Linn. saQkG ngustyfolium,

var., Spreng. 220 ete. 287

setaccus, Thanb. 223 | giganteum, Steud 285

var., Steud. . 223 ee a Nees. 287

eororins, 0. B. Cl. . 215 eniytt 285.

Spar i, Lam. . 241 Peindey Neos | oa eee

epatiaceus, Hochst. 233 Rebates hst.. . 288

» Poi bry Wien 285, 287

subprolier, Boeck: * 220 Boies

uowlatus, Vabl . 232 peste res

Pocarts s arenaria, phenar es 717

var. leucosperma, may bnease

O. Bs Obs ss 228 . Borreri,

Tabernemontani, ~Git

Gmel. . wus el , Pan 18

tenuis, Spreng. . . 219 canons Griaeb, ‘

tenuissimus, Boeck. . 215 igi

var. capillaris, Scolochloa

ny arundinacea, Mert. _

Thunbergii, Boeck. 227 och ike

et ete pris)

Ae gee

Page

Scolochloa Aad

onan, Gr

Secaxe#, Linn. 76

africanum, Stapf Tvo4

cereale, Thun 65

Serrafa ag 726

arvensts Pe

yan, "atans

+ ne

fees: a, Bea 419

appendicuats, Stapf ro

aurea 426

ny pallida, Stapf eel

s acts on

flabellata, Stapf 425

— Stapf. 424

na aie

a Cpe

— Hook. f. . 427

‘iongataKaoth ea

siitioebin: R. f 8. . 427

italic a, Bea . 428

lindenbergian, Stapf 22

nigrirosiris,

ch ‘ 423

nubica, Li 429

ereunis, Hack . 424

pumila, Schult 30

respicvens, Miq. . 429

rivida, Stapf . peo

ottleri,

sciurotiea, C _ Muell. iar

sulcata, Ra

verticillata, ie re

Setariopsis . . 313

Sickmannia . 230

- radiata, Nees . 238

gage se?

cumbens, Bernh. . 535

hes m. » B35

Arduini, J acq, 3

asperum, RR. & 8S. . 501

color, Nees . 348

caprllare, R. & 460

alepense, Nees . 347

echaratum

yar. rubens, Nees. 348

serratum, SB. >. 889

sorun, : 348

Spartina, Schreb . 632

capensis, Nees. 633

stricta, bo OS

Spathodithyros 8

Spirostylis

Ecklonii, Nees . . 146

Spodiopogon

arcuatus, re é

SPOROBOLUS. . 5.8

acinifolius, tat . 581

INDEX.

Page

pire peg ee )

albic

crenaris eel

Llephariphyt, A

discosporus, Nees 582

elongatus, R. Br.. . 587

orca

Peer i Nee

jimbriatus, Nees * G10

icus, as 586

var.capensi8,Engl. 585

var. la Stapf . v.86

ioclados, Be 83

littoralis, Kunth. . 587

Ludwiyii, Hochst. . 583

raha = abe ee )

‘ella, 587

ruppeliana, Hochst. 586

subtilis, Kwn ote 288

tenellus, Kunth . . 580

wrginicus, Kunth . 587

Staberoha

distachya, Kunth . 127

imbricata, Kunth . 127

eee

Pie ih Kunth

Stenubrom

Stenorarieom, ‘Trin. 438

439

, OVAL,

dimidiatum, ——_ 439

glabrum, Trin.

seinen bal Nees . 439

SriBurv 696

al opecureides, Stapf 697

Stipa, Linn. . Re ran'a

arguens, T Sac EE,

capensis, Thuuv. 332,572

dregea 28 4 OTS

var.elongata,Stapf 57

elongata, Steud. . 5

humilis, Brow. . 72

paleacea,Sibth.& Sm. 572

parvula, Nees . 573

seminuda, Vahl . . 572

spicata, Thunb. . . 332

tortilis, Vesf.. . . 372

Stipagrostis Bae OSS

8: Nees ..

eyeana, Nees . . 570

seneudneltt ious . 570

789

Page

Stipagrostis (con.)

sa, ‘

StryLocuiton, Lepr 34

us, Engl . 3d

natalense, Schott . 35

Seema “Dee 33

Synt

eg ah Bekceas, 379

TETRACHNE, Nees 709

aristulata, Hack. &

en wile gat siete S.

Dregei, Nees -.2s; + 210

Dregei, Nees . . . 704

ETHRARIA, Beauv. . 75

istata, C. B. Cl. . 28%

Bolusi, C. B. Cl... 279

brevicaulis, GB. Cl. 275

Burmanni, C. B. Cl. 282

capillacea, 0. B. Cl. 282

circinalis, C. B. Cl.. 283

compar, 30.4% 50 280

erinifolia, C. B. Cl. 277

cuspidata, C. B. Cl. 277

var. lorea, C.B.Cl. 278

dregeana, C. B. Cl. 278

eximia, 6 Cl e288

ferrugiuea, C. B. Cl. 759

timbr.olata, C. B. Cl. 281

flexuosa, C. B. Cl 284

var. abortiva,

C. a

involucrate, C. B. Cl. 287

ligwat Sie OR . 279

Ping oo B. OLA ae

MacOwani, C. B. cl. 290

nigrovayinata,

GC. Be Oto on6 Ge ae

pic Bho See

pleosticha, C. B. Cl. 280

rob » Co Bek: . 2ae

Roitbeellii, C. B. Cl. 286

rottbeellioi

OL Bohs bk cuca

ecans, C’.B.Cl.. . 286

spiralis, C Cl. . 288

sylvatica, C. B. Cl. . 279

aoe ¢. Ry; Cl. . 288

pation

Tinicnochineuaiionk: 119

BOth «.:.

argentous, Kunth . 123

brumoides, Kuntn . 125

Burchellii, Mast.

790

reece prs an (con. ser

caricinus, Mast. .

—cernuus, Kunth .

a . Kunth 125

+129

128

-~dichot R. Br. 124

pang Kunth . 124

distic , Mast. 2

ecklonianus, Kunth . 125

elonyatus, Hochst. . 130

elongatus, Mast. . 123

da a Mast. <: hd

flori a Kunth . 130

a seep , Ber. 122

.;, a hsiy Mast, 122

psa lites, Kunth 121, Ai

racilis Mast

Torin, Mast. ; mr

var. opterus,

SME oped bag

miecans, Kunth $i OS

modestus, Kunth . 119

occultus, Mast. . 13

platypteris, Kunth . 125

robustus, Kunth 4,

_~ scariosus, R. 122

scirpiformis, Mast.. 121

scirpoides, Kunth . 142

picigerus, R. 121

stria Hochst... . 130

_ strictus, Kunth . 148

umbellatus, Kunth . 126

virgatus, Kunth - 142

Themeda

ciliata, Hack.. . . 369

Forskalit

var.argentea, Hack. 367

var. urchellit,

Hac 367

var. imberbis, Hack. 367

var. 367

~~ as

ermuijane Hack.

Thryocephalum .

Trachynia

distachya, Link . .

HYPOGON, Nees .

aoa ee 332

hirtus, Nees . . . 396

poly ee

orphus"

= ee Hack. 331

truncatus,

. 33

Schaenanthus, Hens. 352

s, Anderss.. 332

Puenens

formosa, Willd. . . 14

lomerata, RB. &S. . 15

Wey bat. a 14

speciosa, pam oc 14 |

INDEX.

TRADESCANTIER .

Traevs, Haller. . . 576

vats ates Dur.

77, 578

bertronianius Sohal Ba

brevicaulis, Buis

koclericides, ee 72

ma, soe r, Sta 577, 762

cidentalis fae B77, i

megane s, All. 577

var. major, Hack. 577

Triachyri

adoense, ‘Boe hst. . 583

ye ei Steud. 583

ania ieee is 271

ichachne rae 373

Prichelostylis ‘ . 200

complanata, Nees - 202

roi yar Nees . . 208

gracilis, Nee é 252

dwigti 8 214,

obtusifolia, Nees. 203

acento Schrad.. 4.41

ren . N COR og

var. glauca, Stapf 446

brevipila, Hack... . 445

capensis, Nees - 445

rejeand,Dur.& Sch. 44-4

vita i s ais i ae se

“S 3 | —— (con

nt egeana, Nee

var. minor, Stapf 450

var. sericea, Stapf 450

Tridens

apens 8, Nees - 592

TRIGLOCHIN, Linn. . 41

rrelieri, Leis. + 42

bosum, Linn. 42

laxiflorum, “ae - 42

aritimum, 42

nb.

striatum, Ruiz $ Paw. 42

Trilepis

rehmanniana, Boeck. 297

Triodta

capensis, Dur. & Sch. 592

decumbens, Beauv. . 535

ay Pare

eusine, ma & Sch. 591

paseo Da Sch. . 592

sabre Benth.. . 649

Vulpia.

KS Set ae, 3

sal: fhe aoe. 606

opecurides, Stapf 697

eae

pupae: Licht. . 44

TRIRAPHIS, R. Br... .- 650

capensis, Nees . . 444

EKlliotii, Rend 652

Fleckii, Hack. . . 652

nana, Hack. ‘ 653

purpurea, Hac 653

ramosissima, Hack... 651

Re nui, Hack... 65L

TRISETUM, Pers. . 470

andropogonoides,

) iyo Lbaipele ieee Cee

“eahacas~ ny

3, 475, ie

barbatum, Ne ah

dregeanum, Steud. “oe

hirtum, Nees . 476

imberbe 7

lougifolium, Nees . 477

nudum, Pers. . u8

milum, Kunth . 471

hdc Nees AT 4

TRIS a, Nees + 452

biseriata Sts of » 453

glabra, Sta . 453

pation "Schum. 454

eucothri 33

~ 4

monocephaa Hochst

Rebm: , Hae . 455

jinote Soak, -.« f00

Triticum

capense, Spreng.. . 705

ciliatum, DC. . 730

adi stichum, Thunb. 743

junceum

var. osta-

it an Nees 743

Trocher

calycina, Beauv... . 675

panicea, Baill. + OF1

spicata, Rich. . . 666

striata, Rich 666

pHa, Linn. Me ge

angustifolia

2 australis,

ohrb. mee

sree Schum. ¥ ‘

capens - Rohrb. . 82

latifolia, Krauss. . 32

TYPHACEH ... 30

Page

Uncinia

lie Nees. 304

ees. . . 304

ans Spreng. 271

Sprengelti, Nees. . 304

niola

bipinnata, Linn.. . 632

ca ahs Prin. 3s. FOS

achn

‘parvifora, Trin..< Ser

Uralepis

alba, Ste Pay: 592

capensis, h 592

Eleusine, Steud. 591

fusca, Ste é 592

livida, Steud... . . 542

UrrlLytTrum, na ee - 7

squarrosum, Hac

var. robusta. Steph at

Urnocutana, Nee . 700

major, Rona. alg a wih Oe

pusilla, Nees . 1

Urochloa

paniculata, Benth. . 418

Puma ees 299

divisa, Reichb. . . 301

Vilfa

aliicans, Trin. .

barbata, Beauv. . 588

brevifolia, Nees . 581

capensis, Beauv. . 5

var. laza, Nees 586

centrifuga, Trin. .

Jimbriata, Trin 585

indica, Steud. . 586

clados, 5

alis, - 58

Ludwigii, Steud 583

trina, Si 5

natalensis, Stend. 586

pungens, Beauv. . 588

79.

Page

Xenochloa

arundinacea, Licht. sf

EA.

Bhs: :

anceps, L aie 6

capensis, Thunb. 6

decipiens, N. E. Br.

cand

filiformis, Lam. . 7, 751

Gerrardi, N. E. Br 5

natalensis, Nilss 4

nitida, Wi Zi

platycaulis, i. 6

Rehmanni $s 5

straminea, ’Nilss 7, a

Umbilonis, Nilss. é

ZANNICHELLIA, Linn.. 50

palustris, Linn. . .

sub-sp. pedicel-

lata, hers. 50

pediceliata, Fr. . . 50

stylaris, Presl 50

Zantedescht.

ethiopica, S 39

lbomaculata, Baill. 37

angustiloba, Engl. . 37

hastata, Engl. . .. 38

macrocarpa, Engl. 37

manni, Engl, 37

ZOsTERA, Linn. . 50

marip

var. angustifolia,

or oe ha

. minor, Mert. ~ ot

minor, Nolte . 51

nana, Roth . . 51

pumila, Le Gall. 51

oysia

pungens, Nees . . 588

INDEX.

Pa,

Vilfa (con.)

ruppeliana, Steud. . 586

subtilis, Tri . 589

virginica, Beauv. - 588

Vilfoidee . . 33

ossia

Sp., NEO 2s BBL

Vutria, Gme % 23

bromoides, Celak. . 724

var. Se a, Nees . 725

romoides, S.F.Gray 725

megostacho, ie ahaee «) $21.

Myuros, Gm oS

stderits Donsiay

OtChb. 3. e6 iw Doe

sciuroides, Reichb. . 724

WILLDENOVIA, Thunb. 143

arescens, Kunth ek aD

brevis, Nees . .. . 147

compressa, Steud. . 293

compressa, Thunb.

142, 147

spidata, Mast... 1

decipiens, E. ‘Br. 758

fimbriata, Kunth . 147

fraterna, Br... 756

Galpinii, N. E. B 757

humilis, Mast 144.

lucwana, Kunth . 146

neglecta, Steud. . 155

peninsularis.N.E. Br. 757

simplex, N. E. Br. . 756

striata, Spreng. . 136

-striata, Thunb, . 144

sulcata, be a 145

teres Pb es 69

teres, Thunb f 146

WILLDENOVIEZ. . 61

Woturria, Hook. . 40

arrhiza, Wimm. . . 41

denticulata, H-gelm. 41

Michelii, Schleid. . 40

CORRIGENDA.

"IL "Hse ir for L. re

d @.

ae Dikwmente read Documente

a8 »» Hook. read Horkel

30 4, maritinum read maritimum

19 ,, R. Schum. read K. Schum.

; gata read cephal

5 from the bottom; dele Kunth, Enum. ii. 256

27, for accuminate read acum

hs for. 1873 read 178

4) JOE central

4 from the bottom, tee Leptocarydium read Leptocarydion

17, for LXXIX. Lasiochloa read LXXIX. bis. Lasiochloa

13 “for loosely, ae to 4 lin. long, read loosely hairy, hairs up to

20 for so aa joints

9 ,, Prin. read Pri

Daas 24. distant at 1 distant

24 ,, mollis read lanat

37 ,, kneed, from near nthe base read kneed from near the base

8, dele ft.

38, for Benth. ¥ Trin. read Bentl. § Trim.

o. ie 10s sige in.

4 lin. read

8 from the ‘tian, p te in. read ft.

2 from a ro i before the insert +

= ir or vi

5 both are after 1-2 ft. insert long

Pe for pea read habit

3 from bottom, for augusta read angusta

8 for noded. usually read noded, usually