PREFACE.

WHEN the Flora Capensis was originally planned, it was intended

to include the Gnetacew, Conifere, and the Cycadacee. The descrip-

tion of Welwitschia was prepared for the purpose several years ago

by the late Professor H. H. W. Pearson, and the Conifers were

described by Dr. O. Stapf, F.R.S., late Keeper of the Herbarium

and Library. Sir William Thiselton-Dyer, the Editor of the later

volumes of the Flora Capensis, had always intended to write the

account of the South African Cycadacee after his retirement, but

failing health prevented him from carrying out the project, to

which he had for many years devoted considerable study. Shortly

before his death he handed over to me the material he had collected

together and his notes, expressing the wish that I should undertake

the work. While in South Africa in 1930, I was able to discuss

the matter with Dr. Rattray, who has made careful studies of

the South African Cycads in the field, and has grown most of

them in his garden. He very kindly agreed to collaborate with

Mr. J. Hutchinson, F.L.S., in the preparation of the descriptions

of the Cycads for this supplemental volume. While Mr. Hutchinson

is mainly responsible for the technical descriptions, Dr. Rattray’s

intimate knowledge of the plants, as they grow in South Africa, has

added very greatly to the value of the undertaking.

The account of Welwitschia has been supplemented by

Mr. Hutchinson to bring it up to date in the light of recent know-

ledge. It has been raised to family rank as distinct from Gnetacew

(Gnetum and Ephedra), with which it has probably little in common

apart from the Gymnospermous character. Dr. Stapf has largely

re-written his descriptions of the South African Podocarpacee and

Cupressacee. .

The publication of this supplemental part of the Flora Capensis

has been made possible by the generosity of the Government of the

Union of South Africa, who on learning, through Kew, of the desire

expressed by Botanists in South Africa for an account of the Gymno-

sperms, made a grant of £40 towards its publication.

vi PREFACE.

The history of the inception and completion of the Flora Capensis,

which deals with the flowering plants proper—A ngiosperme—was

published by Sir William Thiselton-Dyer in the Kew Bulletin, 1925,

pp. 289-293, and his valedictory preface will be found in Vol. 7

Sect. 2, Part IV, of the Flora Capensis, written on 23rd September,

1924.

For the loan of herbarium material from South Africa we are

much indebted to Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., Director of the

Botanical Survey, to the Forestry’ Department in South Africa,

and to the Directors of the Cape Town and Albany Museums.

ARTHUR W. HILL.

Roya Boranic Garpens,

Kew, Marca 25, 1933.

Addenda. E. kosiensis.

p. 28, 5 lines from below, after unbranched, insert :—

(see also (4) kosiensis).

p. 34, after notes to no. 4, H. kosiensis (Hutch.), add :—

A letter from Col, Molyneux, received — oe to alert —

a few inches above the san

coast, but on cultivation produces a short aerial stem, as in some

other specie:

OrpDER CXXVI. WELWITSCHIACEZ.

(By H. H. W. Pearson.)

Flowers unisexual or pseudobisexual. Male meee Pree

ower : Envelope of 2 imbricating whorls ;. ove! whorl of 2 lat

ti ‘

6 serted ; fila

anthers somewhat 3-lo ed when sold ok 3-celled, dehiscing by 3

thes single sae cai into a tubular micro en sharp rply

bent near the middle, expanding at the tip into an exserted glandular-

papillose stigmatiform disc. Female flower : Envelope bottle-shaped,

micropylar tube irregularly labiate or fimbriate, but not expanded

8 the ape e tened, closely invested by d en-

the win. e

ope; endosperm starchy, wedge-shaped below, retuse above,

sSpporaee the withered nucellar cap (perisperm) ; radicle erect ;

dt 2, rarely 3, narrow-linear; suspensor long, coiled,

persistent

Genus » Species 1, confined to the coast region of South West

Dis ;

Africa, from about iba 8. in Ang ola (south 2 gmail to the tropic of

Capricorn, in Great Masonguadand

WELWITSCHIA,* Hook. f. (Lumboa Welw.).

Characters as for the family.

1. W. Bainesii (Carr. Conif. ed. ii. 783 (1867) ); fact pety

(hypocotyl) woody, covered by thick corrugated cork, sometim

fused with other individuals, when injured exuding a = copious gummy

secretion congealing in alcohol, broadly obconic or turbinate, con-

* Name conserved according to International rie

: 7

2 WELWITSCHIACEZ (Pearson). | Welwitsehia.

cave on the top, more or less circular or elliptic in horizontal section,

rising }~1 ft. above the ground, 1-3 ft. in diam. at the top ; epicotyl

eee to 2 leaf-bearing grooves and floriferous cushions forming

ised rim around the top of the hypocotyl isan at the

fonder diameter, and a depressed and early arrested stem apex,

at length buried beneath two coalescent corky expansions overlying

a concave summit of the pe tyl et ate a from the buds

ori imm

ately beneath, each leaf; male spike bearing 40-70 axillary flowers

in 4 rows; bracts connate, deca pair or 2 pairs barren; flowers

concealed by the bracts until the exsertion of the anthers ; female

spike bearing 40-60 flowers in 4 rows; lowest 6-10 pairs of bracts

os in size from below upwards, barren, the lowest 2 or

pairs connate. Except the cinonvas tube, the naked seed com-

pletely ‘concealed by the bract at maturity. Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. i.

O07, fig. 68 a and b. Tumboa Bainesii, Hook. f. in Gard. Chron.

1861, oes . Nan in Rev. Hort. 1862, 186; Rendle in Cat

Pl. Welw. ii. 257 (1899) ; Engl. Pflanzenw. Afr. ii. 3; 85

(1 troilifera, We in Gard. Chron. 1862, 71

Linn. tt. 1-14 (1863), and in Bot. Mag. tt. 5368, 5369

ite A MeNab i in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. t. 40 (1873) ; Monteiro,

er. 2, 664 (1898); Warburg, Kimena-Sambesi Exped.

women - 6 A pitieel Karsten & Schenck, Veg.-Bild. i. t. 25 (1903) ;

PR Kew Bull. 907, 347, pl. 2, figs. 3-5; L. Schultze,

Namaland & Kalahari, t. 3 a 907) ; M. G. Sykes in T . Linn.

ser. ii. vii. 327, t. 34-5 ora Velenovsky, Vergl.

ashes: PAL iii. os (i916): iv. Suppl. t. 1 (1913); Coulter &

Chamberlain Morp h. Gymnosp. 365, 366 , 374, 399 (1910) ; Church

in fos Trans. (B) cev. jeer 115, with figs. ; Pearson in Prain

Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 333 (1917).

Sourn-West Arrica: Namib region from north of Sandfisch Ba

y (233° 8

to the northern boun , and continued al the |

orient apg ies Cia" Sy along the low coastal belt of Angola

i ‘eo i dg of — Pen not be so rare as has generally been su

an accoun e Diamond Fields Advertiser, Fambactes for

April 1982, W bth Kakoa-vel

Ni Wat Doe hie oceans pafone in great quantity in the veld in

writer there states that he observed “an area

Welwitschia. | WELWITSCHIACE& (Pearson). 3

of not less than 2,500 square miles where the gravelly surface of the ground,

up hill and down dale, is covered with the plant, in some places in such pro

fusion that it was impossible to find an opening through which to pilot the

e were forced to back ou d mak di rs; some n

plants

stretched to a diameter of 16 ft.” (See also Journ. Bot. Soc. 8. Afr., pt. xviii, 4,

1932.)

Mr. Worsdell informs us that the plant is fairly common (‘‘ many hundreds ’’)

in the dried-up bed of a stream and on small granite hillocks about a mile to

the south of bid Welwitsch henge pangons m; the crown of the stem of the

largest specimen was nearly 6 ft. in diamete

Orper CXXVII. A. PODOCARPACEZE.

(By O. Srapr.)

Dicecious, very rarely moneecious. Male strobiles mostly catkin-

sometimes externally only slightly differentiated from the

vegetative branches, simple or compound, terminal or axillary,

scales bearing basi-dorsally 2 pollen-sacs, squam

less differentiated into a claw or stalk and er the Tait large

and projecting beyond the pollen-sacs, or very much reduced,

when the scales with their pollen-sacs assume the appearance of

typical angiospermous stamens; pollen grains mostly winged

i ]

exceeding its scale, sometimes long-exserted, rarely quite enclosed.

Mature strobiles usually little altered or the axis or also the scales

becoming more or less fleshy. Seeds usually exserted ; seed-shell

(testa) coriaceous to woody, with or without an outer covering

(epimatium), which is either free or more or less fused with the testa,

and varies from membranous to leathery or fleshy.

Shrubs or trees; leaves usually spirally arranged, quaquaversal or _

ventrally onkana : in one plane, scale-like or linear to lanceolate, rarely ovate,

yee evergreen.

Genera 7, with about 100 species, mostly in the tropics and the

acti temperate zone.

I. PODOCARPUS, L’Hérit.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 434.

Dicecious, very rarely monecious. Male strobiles usually axillary,

variously arra alia: bracteate at the base, sessile or peduncled ;

scales numerous, spirally arranged, imbricate, with — broad,

4 PODOCARPACE# (Stapf). [ Podocarpus.

triangular to ovate-rotundate, rarely — blades, and 2

relatively large dorsal pollen-sacs near the [ ollen with 2,

rarely 3, win, Female strobiles iehiibaal’6 or Peeters: “aeunlly

reduced to a few sterile lower scales, which are more or less fused

with each other and with the axis and erminal fertile

scales, the whole plexus often boone oy fleshy aa

—rarely spike-like with few numerous usually distant fertil

arising the face of the scale and adnate to the single integument

Seeds deciduous together with the fleshy receptacle or with the

unm remainder of the strobile or falling from the scales of

bs or trees, often of great height. Leaves squamiform or linear or

lanceolate to ovate, usually spirally arranged, but placed dorsiventrally, rarely

ale strobiles solitary or clustered or disposed i un

inflorescences, rarely apical. s and receptacles, where present, greenish

or brown or sometimes vividly coloured, the seeds always conspicuously

exposed.

Distr. About cies, mostly in the mountain forests of the Tropics,

a few in the feet egions of the Southern Hemisphere and in Japan.

aaa mostly transformed n aturation into a flesh

ptacle, or at _ thickened and clavate. Inner layer of seed-

shell — thin and crustaceous Ze const asia hypoderm

rma

corer oe dermis continuo stomata on the lower side

of the leat only (at Teast j in the South African species).

— = er adult tree 1-2} in. long, straight, shortly

= almost obtuse; receptacle distinctly

ane

Leaves 33-63 lin. wide ie Ces a - (1) latifolius.

Leaves 2 lin. wide

Leaves of the adult tree 3-6 in. bys -4 lin. owen

er acute point ; oot. saa hard fleshy ;

though thickened and clava. z : . (3) Henkelii.

- (2) elongatus,

Section 2. Sracuycarpus, Endl.—Axis and scales of the female

sbiotiles not transformed during maturation into a fleshy receptacle

the axis ultimately dry with the scales or Har of the lower scales

Tnner layer of seed-shell (testa) thick and bony. Sclerenchymatic

h rma be stomata

on both aid sides of the MY oh i P not continuous ;

Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). 5

Leaves of = —— ae shortly acute to alm —

obtuse Fo in. by lin. ; male ae ae 4 li

long, “thei es ovate, more sbtans (4) falcatus,

Leaves of em mature oe _— 7 tpn to a

sharp point, 10 lin. to 2 in. 3-2 lin

Leaves 1-2 in. by as ae ; male erties

9 lin. long, their scales ovate- plneinres pt (5) gracilior.

Leaves 10 lin, by }-3 lin. aa are! Sit . (6) gracillimus.

. P. latifolius (R. Br. ex Mirb. Geogr. Conif. in Mém. Mus

16 ; not of Wall.) ; a tree up to 100 ft. high, with a tall clean ee

on the average 2 ft. (sometimes up to 4 ft.) in diameter, and a com-

paratively small crown; bark smooth, persistent; branchlets of

spreadi oe coriaceous, mi ae raised on both sides with 3

resin-ducts below the conten strand ; 5 Stomata confined to the lower

fae)

<4)

fas)

3 ¥

ont

tq*)

io)

—

mall cuspidate tips, both of the other sae! or one only ae i

chery in oie and shape, up to . in tat ; seeds su lobose,

3-3 n diam., dark glaucous ae obits groan or blue; inner

layer of osiaul ‘thin crustaceous or almost ery, outer some-

ost pa

what fleshy, very resinous, 1} lin. thick. Bennett, Pl. Javan.

Rar. 40; C. Presl, pees Bemerk. 110; — in Engl. nr.

Taxac. 90, 91 incl. . latior and confert us; Engl. Pflanzenw.

Afr. i. 421, 429, figs. 361, 362 ; ii. 86, fig. 82; Marloth, Fl. 8. Afr. i.

101, 102, t. 13, 17 A, and (Suppl.) Dict. Comm. Names of Pl. 101 ;

Sim, FI. Trees & Shrubs for or use in South Afr. 182, and Native Timb.

South Afr. 101, fig. 41; Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf

ed. 2, 247, fig. 136 ; be Davy in Kew Bull. 1908, 147, Man. Flow.

berg, Hook. in Lond. Journ . Bot. i. 65%, t. 22; — ee Conif.

dl.

6 PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). | Podocarpus.

Ca ae 32; Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. i. 470; ed. ii. 670; Gord., Pinet.

ed. 284 ; ed. ii. 349; er oe & Hochst. ae Nadelhilz., 398 ;

Parlat. 3 in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii 511; Fourcade, Rep. Natal Forests,

1889, 4, 121; Bolus & Wolley-Dod, Ft, Pr. Cape Penins. in Trans.

8. Afr. Phil. 0; Wood, Handb. FI. Natal, 122 and in

Xiv.

Trans. §. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii. 2 or. ‘Go Hope,

xx pp. p. 171; Marloth, Kapland, 190, 191, 196, 200,

208, figs. 65, 68, 69, 73; Sim, Tree Plant. N 6,2 oi:

ws in al Mus. iii. 545, unbergia var

latifolia, Sim, Forest Fl. Cape Good Hope, 3, 332, t. 148, 149, f. 2

z llus, Drége ei Pflanzengeogr. Doc. 123, 157, 212,

Thunb. Prodr. 117; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 547. 7. Oe

Banks ex Endl. Syn. tesves 218. Nageia latifolia, O. Kuntze

Rev. Gen. ii. 800; not ord.

Sourn Arrica: without locality, Bowie! Brand! Villet! Millan! Mund

and Maire!

Cape Proyrxce: Cape Div. ; Newlands ab on Table Mountain, Wolley

Dod, 2729! Fritz Bronn’s Kraal, Alexander-Prio Orange Kloof, Gamble,

Di Gro

22002! Hout Bay, Bews! Herb Sim 19017! ‘Swell iv. ; -

vadersbosh, Thunberg; near George, Burchell, 5843! forests from west of

Ge the eastern und: ° di (Cape Forest R 8) 5

e )

Ka ns River Gat, in forest, Drége! Knysna iv. ; all forest sections of

the division (Cape Forest Reports); Outeniqua Mountains, Thunberg ; Kaatjes

real, Bur —— 5223 ! — Ha si ville Forest, = 524! Humansdorp

f e

3 ! ! ! “ier 5 Sim) Athersi !

Davy, 7816! King Williamstown Div. ; — of the Perie and North Sections ;

Amatola Range (Cape Forest Reports); Perie forest, sense 19020! Stutterheim

Div. ; Koeoghe Range and — Pain Ate ie Sa ;. “ British

ffraria,”’ een ooper, 1298. rt Cunyng oe 808 » Herb. Sim,

2030 ! 2122! !

Eastern Rea Throughout the forests from the Great Kei River and

lower White Kei 1 River east to the Drakens' above Newcastle in Natal

an nd (Cape, Natal & Zululand Forests R ; Tembuland,

Engkobe, Maning, Merwe, For Dept. Herb., 2266! Mkonkoto forest, 3000

Sim! Macl v.; Pot Romer Mountains, 5 ft., Galpin, 6831! Pondo-

st, ft., ich; and without precise locality,

Bachmann, 70! Mt. A Ayliff Div. — = Nat. Herb. rg toria! Umzi

NaTAL: Alfred Count i urchison, Wood, 3028 ! Durb !

Polela Distr., Ingwangwani, eathine Forest, H, sesaheld. Por Da Dee a

1957! Drakensberg, 3500-4 ft of Van i: sagt osm

berg, -» Fourcade; nort

) - (according to Bews); Rehmann, 7246! 72471! the

facing ate gunn ape 6000 ft. (according to Bews). Zulu sg Oden,

ine fs "Sanders neve forests, 1000-1500 ft. ; and without ane locality,

SwazILanp : Forbes I Reef bush, 5100, ft. Burtt Davy, 2748!

ORANGE Free Stare: Northern slopes of the Drakens ooper.

oo RANSVAAL : Foe dapat! Div. : Kaapsche Hoop, Rogers, 21089 | ee

; forests o rn slope Drakensberg, east of

pA oie Waterberg Div. ; Nylstrom, Col. Herb. , 9549! Pietersburg De

Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE (Stapf). 7

The Downs, Eyes, 21910! by Div. ; ae ytese pal 4750 ft.,

Burtt Davy, 1194! 2313! Houseman, Col. Herb. 5249! Botha !

This Sd commonly known as yellow-wood or Upright hed stey or

Co) a

Gia, ta). Sim distinguishes 3 varieties, namely—(a) latifolia, (b) cnguaefii,

and {0 eesrgael “Vars. latifolia and falcata are said to have green receptacles

4 lin. in diam., with bony shel, whilst they differ

aS eae ene in poor leaves 1-2 in. by 2-3 lin., and 2-5 in. by lin.

respectively. Var. angustifolia on the other hand is credited with _

receptacles 3—4 lin. wide and seed 5 lin. in diam., with crustaceous shells a:

leaves 1-2 in. by 1-14 lin. From the fact that the author adds that var. lati-

ia i rm thro i

oseoptbeeee of this speci

moe. eee a (L’Hérit. ex Pers. Syn. ii. 580) ; a tree of varying

dimensions, from “ small ’’ to 80 ft. high ; branchlets of the mature

14-23 in. by 2 lin., straight or coca ‘heats, abbqisly erect,

coriaceous, glaucescent, midrib distinctly raised on the back,

obscurely on the upper surface, with 3 5 resin-duots below the central

very concave bracts abees 1 lin. long at the base ; scales imbricate,

soon very loose, with an ovate to rhombic-ovate minutely denticulate

blade rather over } lin. long ; pollen-sacs 4 lin. long ; female strobiles

2-5 lin. lo

unequal, the larger fertile, embracing the base o

whale receptacle oblique at the top, 1} lin. in diam. (in t

te); seeds subglobose, very slightly longer than wide, 4 lin.

8 PODOCARPACEZ (Stapf). | Podocarpus.

in diam., dark glaucous-green ; inner layer of seed-shell thinly

crustaceous. Mirbe , Geogr. onif. in Mem. Mus. :

L. C. & A. Rich. Comm. Bot. Conif. (1826) 13, t. i. fig. 2; Lo udon,

Arb. & Frutic. Brit. iv. 2101, fg. 1997 ; Endl. al Conif.

. 224;

ed. i. 470; ed. ii. 671 (partly) ; : Gord. Pinet. ar i. 273 foie)

ed. ii. 334 (partly); Henk. & Hochst t. Syn. Nadelhélz (partly) ;

e% r ngl. Pflan

axac. 89 ; n

247 ; Edmonds & Marloth, Elem. Bot. 8. Afr. fig. 267 (?) (not text) ;

— Pl. & their — A aay fig. 216 (2) a text) ; Dallimore

ackson, Handb. P. pruinosa, Meyer ex Endl

-§

.2 @

Slants erin Ait. Hort. Kew, ed.i. iii. 415 ; ed.ii. v. 416. 1. capensis

Lam. — ii. 229. T. falcata, Thunb. Herb. ex Juel, Plant.

Thunberg,

Sours Arrica: without locality, Masson! Pappe! Zeyher 3889

Carre PRovINcE Div. ; Zonderend, 400 f pe

5682 ! Div., sandy islands and banks of the Breede River, Herb.

orest Dept. 1247! Btelies bosch Div. ; precise locality, Miller !

Harvey! Malme i iebeck’s Salegl ee : uys Drift,

rages Paarl Div. ; by t the Berg Riv tl, Drége! Worcester

r Paa. !

v.; Dutoit’s Kloof, 1000-2000 ft., Dike t. Piqu ueibae: Dive: by the Ber

River near Dooreboom, Bachmann, 1522, 1523; near Von deling, achma

2211. anwilliam Div. ; Kradouw Krantz above = Oliphants River, among

rocks in the cliffs, facing west. Pearson, 5328! Pillans, 5297 ! Cedarberg

Rang e, Kaakadouw Kloof, 1150 ft., Diels, 937 !

is a collector’s note with the see. from the Breede river to the

effect that the plant differs from P. ¢ longat

re swollen succulent and scarlet “ aril,’’ the -stalk having

two berries ! The specimen agrees exactly with Schlechter’s from the erend

river and both much resemb! e except that their leaves show a

tendency to become longitu wrinkled, which i observed in the

mainder e herbarium material of P. elongatus. The plant is gured

Sim. Cape G Hope, on t. 149, fig. 3, as P Thunbergii var angusti

folia (Sim, l.c. 332). It requires ieee 8 investigatio: specimen collected

y Pillans at the foot of the eastern cli:

of Kradouw Krantz no. 5297) bel

no doubt to P. tego although the fae are 34-5 lin. ae and ‘Suen

hose . lati in shape.

In cultivation in oe with oe pens at Lee, Kent, 1777! i

ore eo ; ent, 1777! Dr. Salisbury,

From pho ches oe ne originals of this nd the f wing

species in the | =. herbarium, it t appear that Thunberg wrote = —

: rgiane, that is, Taxus compe

western and 7’. elongata for the eastern t, whilst the localiti i

ss “ Flora Capensis,’’ ed. oy Cl fon vi

Jat as we ts statio in sylvis t un

mistakably to the name falcata having been intended for it, ia not for the

wes’ pea: which, moreover, was early in apt er Engla nd under the

ly from t by M

journey tl

‘ a

hroug western a when they passed

es Riebeck’s Risitel and crossed the Berg river at Veiccaeces Drift in i773 or 1774.

Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). 5

or in old trees coming off in sheets (C. Ross) ;. the young branchlets

f the mature tree more or less angular, glauc s; terminal buds

globose- ed, scales very broad, shortly pointed with brown

margins or the tips foliaceous ; leaves ete! arranged, loose in

the juvenile state, moderately crowded in the mature state, drooping,

linear to lanceolate-linear, long tapering to a slender acute point,

gradually narrowed at the base into a short petiole, 3-6 in

straight or frequently slightly falcate, suberect or spreading, thinly

coriaceous, more or less glaucous, midrib slightly raised on bot

sides with 3 resin-ducts below the central strand, stomata confined

to the lower side ; male strobiles solitary or in. clusters of up to 5,

iy ic, 3-13 in. long, glaucous-pinkish, with rotundate-ovate

coriaceous bracts, 1 to almost 2 lin. long at the base scales imbricate,

of the bracts barren, with a slightly lower insertion

broadly ovate with a short slender tip, the upper, with a narrow

very delicate hah, seecatlas be es the r emainder of the Aon

hard-leat athery, and very gritty, more or less r oman = to

thick. Burtt Davy, Man. Flow. Pl. Transvaal, 100, 1 sg Thun.

bergit, Bane Davy in Transvaa 1 Agr. Journ. 1907, 31. P. Thun-

bergii var. falcata, Sim, Tree Plant. Natal 236, 285, fig. 94; Forest

Fit Cape Col. 332 (in part), fig. opp. p. 55, t. exlix. fig. ee x ‘falcatus,

Marloth, Fl. South Afr.; Suppl. Dict. Comm. Names of PI 161;

Sim, Fl. Trees & Shrubs ‘f. use in §. Afr. 183, Native Timb. S. Afr.

102, fig. 1; not of R. Br

Eastern Recron: “ British Kaffraria,”’ Cooper, 1298! East Griqualand,

Mt. Ayliff Div., Fort Donald, Sim, Nat. Herb., 19016! Cockrane ! ——

forest, Cockrane in Forest Dept. Herb., 2172! Forest Dept. Herb., 1248 !

land : taft Div. ; Tonti Forest, Whibley, Forest Dept. Herb., 2167 ! Cont

in Forest spt. Herb., 1249!

N. : Div.: Riverside, ave sa —— Pike Fee —

2170! 2171! In an, , Xalingena Fores ous. orest Dept.

194’ Em anergy Reserve, Howshold, For erb., 1880 !

Pietermaritzbi - Zwartkop, 4000 ft., Sim, Nat. Herb., 19007 ! Blink-

ane. ee Herb., 19014! Kar kloof, 3000 ft., Sim, "19019 ! Maritz-

burg, 2300 ft., Nat. Herb., 19011! 19121 1913 ! and without precise

locality, Henkel, Foret Dept. Herb., 2331a & b

Swazitanp: Forbes Reef Bush, ‘5100 ft., Burtt Davy, 27

TRANSVAAL : ee , Legat, 3467! Pietersburg Distr. ; iain,

' Nelson, 420!

10 PODOCARPACE (Stapf). | Podocar pus.

in the east.

falcatus (Falcate Yellow-wood) of the Natal Forestry Reports. The difference

in the structure of the seed-shell of P. Henkelii and P. falcatus is very striking.

Native name wm-Sonti or um-Sunti

4. P. faleatus (R. Br. ex Mirb. Geogr. Conif. in Mém. Mus.

Par. xiii. (1825) 75); a tall tree up to over 100 ft. high, with a

straight cylindrical bole about 3 ft. (sometimes 8 ft.) in diam.

timate branchlets of the mature tree stunted, crowded, terete

= n.

dark green or brown, moderately thick, in the mature tree crowded,

subacute or those towa e base of the branchlets subobtuse

obtuse, 1-14 3-2 lin., straight or nearly so, firmly coriaceous,

ale green, midrib indistinct on the upper side,

slightly raised below, with 1 resin-duct below the central strand ;

stomata on sides; male strobiles solitary or in subsessile

clusters of 2 or 3 or more, cylindric, lin. long, 1 lin. thick, each

supported by broad-obovate obtuse bracts; scales imbricate,

with a cordate-ovate subdenticulate blade, 3 lin. long; pollen-

sacs almost } lo female strobiles (only seen in the mature

and -mature state) peduncled, formed o which

ovate obtuse scales up to 1 lin. long, all deciduous except the upper-

out 3 li

most, whic rts a seed; peduncles ab ong, mar.

ith the scars of early deciduous coriaceous rotundate-ovate or

sometimes leaf-like bracts; see ore less globose, about 6

Handb. Conif. ed. 2, p- 44; Wilson, Plant Hunt. i 25, t. 4 and in

Journ. old Arbor. ix. 145, t. 14. P. meyeriana, Endl. 1.c. 218 ;

Parl. le. 512; Marloth, Kapland, 206. P. elongata, Pappe, Silva

p. 32; Carr. Trait. Co : .

Menger Je, 4 (4, 121); Burtt Davy in Transvaal Agric. Journ

(not fig. 267-ii, iii); Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C. ¢. 1, figs. C-H ;

Sim, Tree Plant. Natal, 236, 285; For. Fl. Cape Col. 332, t. el. and in

\ y ee

» 9 3-R-C. 2 10 <a

Fig. 1—Popocarrus ratcatus R. Br.—(1) A fruiting branch, x 2; (2) part

f a branch in the juvenile state (the leaves bent forward out of their

natural angle 45°~50°), nat. size; (3) branchlet with ¢ strobiles, x 3;

(4) ¢ strobile, x 3; from without, x 12; (6) same

in, X 10; (7) young ¢ strobile, x 2; (8) same in longitudinal

section, x 2; (9) ripe fruit in longitudinal section, x 14; (10) “ stone”

of a mature fruit, x 14.

12 PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). [Podocarpus.

For. Fl. & For. Resource. Portug. East Afr. 108, +. 97 A; and Fl.

Trees & Shrubs 8. Afr. 182, and Native Timb. S. Afr. 100, fig. 42 ;

Wood, Handb. Fl. Natal, 122, and in Tra Soc. xviii

224; Marloth, Kapland, 190, 191, 197, 208, 402 ; as South Afr. i

101, t. 18 & Suppl.; Dict. Comm. Names of Pl. - Stoneman,

Plants & their Ways 8. Afr. ed. ii. 242, fig. 215 ae 216), not of

L’Hér. Taxus ‘Fisaie. Thunb. Prodr. 7; Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 547.

T. elongata, Thunb. Herb. ex Juel, Pl. Thunb. 69.

Soutn Arrica: Without locality, Masson! Heward! Mund & Maire!

APE Province: Swellendam Div. ; vadersbosch, For. Dept. Herb.,

1369! George Div. ; Sylva Station LS Cecree, Bu rchell, 6068! Kaymans

Gat River, Drege! Touw River, Burchell, 5761! Bier Vlei and Hooge Kraal

rest Sections (Cape Forest Re Div. ; throughout the division

(Cape Forest Reports); Plettenberg Ba ie! Gown orst. Dept. He

12. aatjes Kraal ll, 5245! Vander Wats, Burchell, 5293! and

without precise locality, For. Dept. Herb., 1244! Sag ee cap Div. ; ——

Storms River and Wit Els Bosch Sections (Cape For Reports) ; ; key,

Fourcade, 3319! Uitenhage Div.; Van Staadens oe “Burchell, (Mise “Enon,

Drége! Zwartkops River, Alexander Prior | ; without precise

locality (Cape Forest Re ) ast London, O peel Albany Div. Alic

e, Pulgrave, For. Dept. Herb., 2689! nmstown Div. ; nction Farm,

Galpin, 8179! ngolo Neck, Galpin, 7973! Stutterheim = ; Se ogha,

denze and Quacu Sectio: For wn Div. ;

Everlyn Vall y, Ise Do d Sections (Cape Poet. Rents ).

Kaffraria, Cooper, a Somerset East Div.; Boschberg, Burchell,

3174! 3189! MacOwan,

Eastern REGion: aS and Pondoland ; Kentani, Butterworth, Tsom

Willowvale, gases Umtatu, St. Marks, Elliot and Flagstaff Divisions (Cape

Forest Ri — ; and without precise locality, Bachmann, 74. Engco i

Merwe, For. Dept. Herb. 2268! 2269! Lusikisiki Div ., Jntsubani, Frase er, 62 re

For. Dept. Herb. 2226 ! Griqualand pop Tsolo, Gumbu, Mt. Frere, Matatida

and Mt. Currie Divisions (Cape F Reports).

Nata: From the coast to the eccrine! above Newcastle (Natal Forest

Report) ; near Durban, Sanderson, 3015! Wood, 3005! Polela Div. ; Ingwangene

4500- 5000 ft., and Ingwone forest between Mhlatuzuna and Msa rivers,

100-1500 ft., ., abundant ns Natal For ovat Reports; Rahows, Manes forest, "Peles

For. Dept. H

"Posreuvasn i= vison : Lourengo Marques ; Lebombo range in kloofs

ear Estatuene, Sim

A a Pietersburg Div., Houtbosch Berg, Rehmann, 6481 (see also

the references to Mr. Rogers’s specimen from “‘ The Downs,’’ no. 20210 ! under

re done

laland, in forests to the north and south of

ean a (Gag Forest ‘Reso ieee 183).

‘his is the Outeniqua or Bastard Yellow-wood or Geelhout of South African

Scone: Though locall oss. nag it is on the sap much less common than

the Upright or true Y wood, the two Ye woods together supplying

one-half of the iadipeaveks timber (Masih, Fl. South Afr. i, 101), Hs

gs dieoecrans mg oer he refer see — e eastern

: e the au 0 orest rts

P. Henkelii, with which P. falcata was c ontueed te Pe eg

Podocarpus. | PODOCARPACE& (Stapf). 13

5. P. gracilior (Pilger in Engl. Pflanzenreich, iv. v. Taxac. 71);

a tall tree up to t. or more high with a bole over 4 ft. in diam. ;

rib indistinct above, slightly raised below; male strobiles solitary

or in subsessile clusters of 2 or 3, sup tapes ie broad roundish

bracts, often up to 9 lin. and occasionally over 1 in. long; scales

imbricate, with = adly ovate- “isinnaaias iui blade, in. long ;

female strobiles sessile at the end of shor t branchlets, carrying

reduced ae often early deciduous a the strobiles formed of a

short axis, 1-1} lin. long, with 1-3 barr n short ultimately deciduous

scales, dry and sued or pometiiees foliaceous, spreading and

rec urved, the uppermost supporting an ovule; seeds ellipsoid-

globose, rounded or slightly attenuated at the base, 7-10 lin. long,

6-8 lin. across, glaucous-green to pur lish-brown ; inner layer

of —— very pies bony, slightly tubercled, up to 1 lin. thick,

outer usually thinner and dry or sometimes as ves as the inner

sip slightly fleshy, resinous inwards. Engl. Pflanzenwelt

. 86, fig. 86, and V Hara and Rg eae ny {sphalm. P.

fi d.

Soc. Bot. xxi. 404 (as forma. ?); Hutchins, Forests of Kenia in Col.

Rep. Miscell. no. 41, 17; not of L’Hérit. P. falcata, Engl. in Hochge-

birgsfl. Trop. Afr. Le. and Veget. Usambara, 68; Pirotta in Ann,

Ist. Bot. Roma, vi. 156; not of R. Br. Taxus "elongata Roth, in

Harris, Highl. Aeth. ii. 708 ; : ge of Ait.

TRANsvAaL: Zoutpansberg, Houseman, Col. Herb., 5248! Pietersburg

Dist.; The Downs, Rogers, 30210 ! (juvenile form).

Apparently throughout eastern tropical Africa as far as Abyssinia.

Podocarpus gracilior resembles P. falcatus so much that it has for a long

time been considered identical with it. Both exhibit a scape —* of variation

loweri S, an e attaining more 0: which,

as well as the floral and fruit-characters, are beech of the two a

never ve nounced, P. gracilior and P. falcatus may with alae show of

_ Teason tees collage oe ‘geographical subspecies or r varieties of a P. falcatus in

14 PODOCARPACEZ (Stapf). | Podocarpus.

area and P. falcatus proper of extratropi a with occasional

es in one a the other direction. oO 8 speci m Dp

berg (a fair branch with adult foliage a — Tuit, pcos here

acilior, agrees exactly in its pong th typical specimens of this species

from Ken 598), whilst eee fruit i is rather large with the outer

layer of its shell too soft for typical P. gracilior ; but it has, on the other hand

its coun specimens of Icatus collected by Fourcade in

e Hu rp Div: ape Province termination of this arisen:

e de

therefore remains waneiind doubtful for the present, and the same applies

Rogers’s specimen from The Downs, which is in the juvenile state.

6. P. gracillimus area in Prain, Fi. Trop. Afr. vi. ii. 343) ;

a tree of great height (a “ mammoth tree,” according to Nelson),

only known from a few aaah in the adult state and some

bears ra scars of 1 or 2 barren scales, and b the fertile scale

which is eopeirieetin > lin. long an d clos sely - habrreaa to the

seed. Burtt Davy, Man. Flow. Pl. Transvaal, i. 100, 101

TRANSVAAL: Houtboschberg, Nelson, 423! Burtt Davy, 5083.

A very doubtful and i incompletely known spec It may represent mere

a state of P. gracilior, in which the lication of th the eaves in length and bresdth

characteristic of the oe argree has been carried to excess. Sim has a ady

Pag ict this e ie ar state was gi ctr ny y A. Whyte in

OrDER CXXVII. B. CUPRESSACEZ.

(By O. Srapr.)

Moneecious or occasionally diccious. Strobiles small, mostly

solitary and terminal. Male strobiles : scales Opposite or in whorls

of 3, squamiform and more or less shield-shaped, bearing basi-

dorsally 2-6 slledicekes pollen grains without vesicular appendages.

Female strobiles: sca t fertile, beari

rarely united in a stone, mostly with wing-like expansions of the

_crustaceous to woody testa ; cotyledons 2, rarely 3-6.

Widdringtonia. | CUPRESSACE (Stapf). 15

Shrubs or trees; leaves es page in the juvenile state and on the

long-shoots, otherwise decussa whorls of 3, the juvenile needle-shaped,

the adult usually tre squa coe andes ore or less appressed, rarely both,

the juvenile and the adult, needle- shared and spreading.

Dis Genera about 15 with 125 species, of these 7 genera with over

40 Sica | in the Southern Hemisphere ; 1 in South Africa

I. WIDDRINGTONIA, Endl. Gen. Plant. Suppl. I. 25 (1842).

Moneecious (always ?) Male strobiles small, terminal, mostly on

short lateral branchlets ; scales decussate, rhomboid-deltoid, pro-

osing up, o

3 or more at the base of each scale. Mature strobiles or cones woody,

— or globose, opening with 4 very thick erect valves, correspond-

ing to the 4 scales. — ee, ovoid or trigonous, winged ; testa

Sscons. Cotyledon

Evergreen trees; leaves passing from a spiral a ~ the juvenile

state and in the long-shoots, to a strictly = rte —— alTang t in the adult

state, needle-sha he juvenile form miform and ‘ghtly appressed

in the adult ; cones the as of a small hata, ays clus

: Disrriz. Species 6 in South Africa, one of them a in ne Tropical

frica.

Ovules 6-10 with a scale; maturing seeds up to

ver 30 in a cone ; pollen-sacs protruding between

cales :

Mature — oh psi nee s hgisaed got ae

(when closed), wu

bliste a (bee ot ‘eri, sas oobea cusps

ait mar an

eee a stiptat Peak the stipe + se

obversely pear-shaped,

bran terete, ve

r, 4-4 lin. in diam., their ere

rhombic cdot acute or subobtuse, 1 lin. AS

... (1) stipitata.

Poe sexi or ssisieinlls ae eiie poo ‘with a

broa

su r, } lin

their scale-leaves rhombic, ieee : ain oe (2) Whytei.

16 CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). | Widdringtonia.

Mature cones re opening) globose, up to 9 lin

diam., smooth, subapicular cusps (or at least

two of a distant jim the Anke usually _—

seeds up to over 20, 5-6 lin. a including the

often oblique wings; scales of the ¢ strobile

— —— the sometimes subcoriaceous

cum . (3) cupressoides,

Ovules 3-4 ier each scale; maturing seeds u

(rarely 14) in a cone; pollen-sacs covered fn ee

ioe

Mature cones not tubercled along the margins of the

, bu wrinkled all

valves, but more or less over ; seeds

rather flat 34-4 lin. long, equ: inged on

h sides, wings aa oe at ~ eae ina —

lin. wide ; a shrub or small tree - (4) dracomontana,

Mature cones coarsely tubercled along the margins

= tg valves ; trees, sometimes of considerable

Seeds rather flat, 4-6 lin. long, including the wings

which join over the gam and are there up to

lin. wide ... (5) Schwarzii.

Seeds age more or — triquetrously ovoid,

4 Iin. long, with a very narrow wing along 2

of the oa and over cgi tip oe. ... (6) juniperoides.

1. W. stipitata — in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 3126); a tree of

the habit of W. ee ile state unknown ; ultimate

of the adult state decussate, xo $e sega those of the long and

intermediate branches distant by their own length, subappressed,

lanceolate or acuminate, eee wi nate with parallel margins about

1 lin. long, those of the ‘ultimate and often also of the penultimate

ramifications Berd ee rhombic-oblong from a cuneate

base, acu ute or subobtuse, 1 lin. long, rounded on the back, with the

free portion as hee or sen as ese as the adnate ; male strobiles

roe tine (always ¢) with the mature con nes, shortl erent

oa their c ay eee from the top; seeds up to

36, dark-brown, obovate-oblong or oblong, with a terminal, oblong,

emarginate wing, wie lin. og the body of the seed ovate-lanceo

Widdringtonia. | CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). 4

late, beaked, > 3 lin. long, 1} lin. wide, the wing up to 24 lin.

wide below the top.

TRANSVAAL: Zoutpansberg, Kotze in Forest Dept. Herb., 7048! H. Hansen,

Tals!

The specimens from which this species was described were taken from a

tree in Mr. Hansen’s garden at Piet Retief, which, according to Mr. Kotze,

was ihlaied from the farm illside,’’ near Louis Trichardt, but specimens

received from there proved to be W. Whytei.

2. W. Whytei aes cto in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 60,

t. 9, figs. 6-11); a shrub or small tree, in Transvaal, or tae

to 140 ft. = in ‘the Brigg ese trunk up to over 5 ft.

seliateia. or cocnatog eles about in. in diam.; leaves

— state acicular, up to 1 in. by 4-1 lin., of adult state

uamiform, those of the long and intermediate branches with a

Eaaséolats acuminate or oblong to ovate and acute somewhat

esting or appressed free blade, 2 lin. long, and a broad adnate

e with more or less parallel margins ; those of the ultimate and

BE cetimee also of the pesitlsaals divisions tightly appressed (so

ean ; :

male strobiles cylindric-oblong, 14-2 lin. long, ebracteate an

subsessile in the cup formed by the subtending foliage leaves ;

scales in abou airs, coriaceous, subpeltate, the lower deltoid,

with a distinct hard beak, the upper more rounded and minutely

pi ; pe. acs 4, protruding between ae scales; female

squamiform broad-ovate acuminate bract ; scales ovate, apiculate,

face bluish-pruinose, back and margins par -brown ; ovules up

their cusps about equally distant from the t top; s up t

obovate to Hialeah, up to 6 lin. by 23 In., at the

sg ovate-lanceolate in outline, beaked, 3-3} lin. eo the win,

lin. wid

u 3 wide below the top. Masters in Gard ” 1894,

XV on - 1894, xvi. 190, and 1905, xxxvii. 18; in Nature 94, 85 ;

a. ot. xxxvii. 270; Whyte in Kew Bulletin,

> 3; SXxin, ic

in Kew Bulletin, 1896, 216; Rendle in Journ. i ot.

n Kew Bulletin, 1913, 224; Burkill in Ishak

re i

Brit Centr. Afr. 279: Sim, Forest FI. Portug. East Afr. oe Stapf

18 CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). [ Widdringtonia

in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. vi. Sect. 2, pt. 2, 334; L. H. Bailey, Cult.

Evergreens, 231; Burtt Davy, Man. Flow. Pl. & Ferns Transvaal,

i. 102; Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, os Ed. 2, xiii. 383; Dalli-

more & Jackson, Handb. Conif. 5 Chalk & : Davy, Forest Trees

& Timb. Brit. Emp. i. 12 with i and t. opp. 18. W. Mahoni,

Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. London .Xxxvil. 271 ; Sim, Forest FI.

Portug. East Afr. 109. Callitris ‘Mahon Engl. Pflanzenwelt Afr.

ii. 88. C. Whytei, Engl. l.c. 89; Eyles in Trans. R. Soc. South Afr.

t. 292.

TransvaaL: Lydenburg Distr., Oranje, For. Dept. Herb., 340. Zoutpansberg

Gray

Distr. ; Blaauw common in a kloof at the summit, Houseman! C. #.

in Col. H 575! Hanglip, 34 eile west of Louis Trichardt, For. Dept. Herb.,

7298 ! 5 miles west of Wylie’s Poort, 4800 ft., on ag rocky slopes, H scenes

& Gillet, ! Pietersburg Distr. ; summit of the Wolkberg, near Haenert

burg, 5000-5200 ft., Lewis in Col. Herb., 3597! 4310!

Extending northwards into tropical Africa as far as Nyasaland.

t.1 ;

to dls in culti ition: soocrding to Carriére, up to almost

50 ft. high with strictly erect branches; ultimate ramification of

the adult plant almost cylindric, the barren twigs slender, up to

lin. in diam. ; leaves of the juvenile state needle-shape, spr reading,

up to 10 lin. by 3 lin., glaucous below or quite green (cultivated

specimens) ; of adult state decussate, squamiform, those of the

older branches with an ovate acute usually appressed blade, the

free portion about | lin. long, those of the ultimate divisions tightly

appressed (so that the contour of the branchlet is approximately a

straight line or in the upper part more or less wavy), ovate-oblong

less

denticulate ; eee 4, prot rete between the scales, female

strobiles in slender loose s spik

ing with a vegetative bud ; 10

to 14 lin. across, nigaerenag ‘the Sil equaniform anager

; valves smooth, rarely slightl y and eogulaxty

Fig. 2.—Wipprin

EssormpEs Endl.—(1) A cone-bearing b

one (2) pag soi

are of f the (tence state, x at (3) — - a Base

adult state, x 10; (4) ) a scale-leaf o seen from sho

was iia

! age to the sais white), * 10; veytus F ietiiag ©

6) scale of a 3 strobile, x 15; (7) within, <

15; (8)a

ae Gy Ss (0) a. strobe, ready for Shee nae (ys

ng hy fare pek mage pect soap uae a 55 3 (11) | and nd (12), ovules,

gg mega gprsne

c 2

20 CUPRESSACE (Stapf). [ Widdringtonia.

tubercled with a short often blunt point (the morphological apex)

some distance below the top; seeds up to 20 or more, owe a

compressed, lanceolate to a in outline, 3-5 lin.

gs : ‘

. 203 ; Knight, Syn. Conif. 13; Pappe, Silv. Cap. 31; Carr.

Trait. Conif. ed. i : 04; 6 ed. i. 518 ; Gord. Pine. ed. 1. ‘ah oo ed. s

417; ss Niec hide in Linnaea, xxxiii. fig. Henk.

Hochst. Syn. Nadelhdlz. 293 ; Sperk i in Mém. ae Je St. Paice

Ser. 7, XIII. no. 6, t. 5, fig. 13 32-135; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. XVI.

= 443 ; Sim, For. Fl. Cape Col. 337, and Native Timb. 8. Afr. 131,

27 ; Bolus & Wolley Dod, FI. Cape Penins. (in Trans. 8. i Phil.

Bes XIV. 320) 1903 ; Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 270 ;

Saxton in Bot. Gaz. xlviii. 161-178, fig. 2, t. xi; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr.

i. 101, fig. 67, a. Cupressus juniperoides, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. il, wet

Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. i, iii. 373; Harvey, Gen. 8. Afr. PI. ed. t:

f. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 141 uja cupressoides, Linn. Mant. 1.

125; Mant. ii. 518; Thunb. nee ae Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 500 ;

Ait. Hort . Kew, ed. ii. v. 322; d. Sp. Pl. v. 510; Loudon,

Arb. Brit. iv. 2460, fig. 2316 ; itary. Gen. §. Afr. Pl. ed. i. 311.

T. sp. n.? Barrow, Trave Is S. Afr. i. 298. Juniperus capensis,

m. Encycl. i. 626. Schubertia nes, Spreng. Syst. in. 890.

Sati ag one cupressoides, Brogn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1'° sér. xxx. 190 ;

ac ist. N. xi 1

F xxvil. 272;

89. Callitris cwpressoides, Schrad. in Drége, Zwei Pilanzengeogr.

Doe. 79, 115, 126, 170 ; Pappe, Fl. Cap. Med. eee ed. i. 26; ed

37 ; Engl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, App. xi. 28, and Pflanzenw.

Afr. ii ii. 88; Marloth, ages 116, 196, 199 ; Bolve & Wolley-Dod

in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc v. 320; Dallimore & Jackson, Handb.

Conif. 540. Cupressus jen at coronata . . . Bre eyne, Pr odr. Fasc

Rar. Pl. 39; ed. 2, p. 59. C. nana compressis Taxt longioribus foliis

Afric., Pluk. Almag. Mant. 61. (©. africana lini folio, Burmann,

Cat. Pl. Afr. Herm. 8. Juniperus foliis frutex Afr., Pluk. Phyt.

t. 197, fig.5; Almag. 202.

E Province: Cape Div.; Table Mountain plateau, Wilms, 3636!

Nec Rondebosch and Wynberg, Burchell, 771! Rivanigs Kloof, Gamble,

; wer tics oo mee Ga israel Drege. Riversdale Div. ; ; Paardeber, TE

dock Berg, near George, B hell, 5979 ! Mu

Ecklon & Ash rg as Thesium, 52 . ry)! — D a

og , Krauss! near Goukamma Rivers, Burchell, 5588! Humansdorp

1 . Herb. ! ! itte E

2 be

co.

Div.; Van Staadensbe

piso Thom (?) 108! King eee

Mountains, according

Widdringtonia. | CUPRESSACE (Stapf). 21

natalensis, Endl. Ee Con. 34, which was very pag plete raged et

from a aces imen said to have been sent by Gueinzius an

Natal,” is very likely W. cupressoides. Neither soberead in in the iebecione

Mts., which were then a Hongo) botanically quite unknown. On the other

hand, both visited the t W.e sak csablel before they weak to Natal.

Although ce cute mi Linnaeus’ Cupressus juniperoides—two seedling

plants—are lost, it is practically cottatii that they belonged to the same species

as his Thuja cupressoides, described by him four years later. The same applies

to Miller’ ] Lamarck’s Junipe capensis and the

riov ch rest on the his has already been su:

gested by Schlechtendal, l.c., and, apart from other considerations, it is evident

since the berg = , the home of Widdringtonia junipe fe

ere no befo Bo i of the 19th century, and certainly were

jin eaplored. fetanically” until 1829. W. cup or soos is the Cape Cyne, Berg

Cypress, or Sapree-hout of the Cape Colo

W. Dons ronal Peg yn Conif. 34 ee Thuia agian, fgg Vent. in

— Duham Pachylepis , Bro Ann. Se. Nat. 1'¢ sér.

190), desc ane neg specimen ‘cultivated at Ri ree it in Mauritius about

1800 i is pouibhy, as aieeadhy suggested by Carriére, W. cupressoides.

4. W. dracomontana (Stapf ex Dallimore & Jackson Handb.

Conif. 540) ; a shrub, 8-10 ft. high, rarely a tree; ultimate rami-

fications slender, about 4 lin. in diam.; leaves of the juvenile

state unkn h

scales in about 6 pairs, subpeltate, r ombic-ovate, obscurely

acuminate, subcoriaceous, slightly keeled — ; pollen-sacs 4,

shagai covered by the scales in the cone ; female strobiles in short,

very scanty spikes, terminating — a pipetaties bud; cones at

W. cupressoides, Sim, Tree Plant. Natal, 234 ; For. Fl. Cape Col. 337

22 CUPRESSACEZ (Stapf). [ Widdringtonia.

(the Drakensberg plant) ; Bews in Ann. Natal Mus. iii. 549 ; of

Endl. itris cupressoides, Wood, Handb. FI. Natal, 122, sade

Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. xviii. 122, 224, not of Schrad. C. na setae:

ndl. ex Fourcade, Rep. Natal For. 1889, 161, 12

Eastern Recion: Griqualand East; Mt. Ayliff Distr., Pole-Evans, 30004 !

Transkei: Baziya Mountains, Herb. For. Dept., 1375 !

Nat Drakensberg Range, headwaters of the Bushman’s River (Langa-

libalele's 8 location), Fannin ! Sanderson, 2011! Giant’s Castle Game Reserve,

r. Dept. Herb. 2960! a between Cathkin Peak and Mont aux Sources,

focating is isola - umps at high an Sgeer vw pears to Fourcade ;

without precise locality, Bim i in Herb. For. Dept.,

A coloured drawing communicated by J. Sanderson, along with a fruiting

specimen, shows this species as a pyramidal tree of very regular habit with

drooping branches and twigs. Sim and see foe & et = rather a shrub than a =

g e Pietermaritzburg Garden

. W. Schwarzii (Mast. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvii. 269); a

tree, 50-80 ft. high, with a straight bole and pyramidal habit

branches ascending, ultimate ramifications of the adult plant casos

cylindric, $ lin. in dia e

cute, much convex on the back, cori-

aceous, 4 lin. long ; pollen-sacs 4, sot by scales in the strobile ;

female strobiles unkn e pollination state; cones solitary

(always ?) on short area See 13-1? in ng subglobose,

not quite 1 in. in diam., grey r

oO 11

lin e seed more or ioe obliquely

ovoid to ovoid-lanceolate, slightly compressed, 3—4 li e

upwards, including the

pfs oid, emarginate, — to brownish-black wi

wings usually paler. For. Fl. Cape Col. 337, and Native Timb.

- a 131 (in part) ; Marloth, FI. 8. Afr. i. 101, t. 17 D. ; Dallimore

oe, Handb. Conif. 541. Callitris Schwarzii, Marloth, in

. Jahrb. xxxvi. 206, with figs. A~E ; Marloth, Kapland, 134.

__ CAPE oo Rider ete ge Div. ; Kouga Mountains and Bavians Kloof

Se Herb. M farms, 2600-3900 ft., Schwarz!

arioth 3614 Were. F For. 1107! 1108 ! Ht ! Civil

= ee Dept. erb, Sion, 2920 !

Widdringtonia.| CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). 23

6. W. juniperoides (Endl. Syn. Conif. 32, excluding the

synonymy) ; a tree, mostly 15-20 or occasionally up to over 60 ft.

high, trunk up to 3 or 4 ft. in diam., branches horizontally spreading :

ultimate ramifications of the adult plant almost cylindric, $-§ lin

oblong, about 1 lin. long, subacute at both ends or more obtuse at

occasionally large compact clusters, globose, $—} in. in di

purplish-brown and usually covered with irregular roundish bosses

mong whi n each scale rises a stout conical pointed

tubercle ; valves ultimately slightly spreading, coarsely warty

or tubercled along the margins, with a stout conical often pungent

mucro (the morphological apex) from below the top, and a usually

striated central area; seeds 4-8,

| ea, xxxili. 356,

hélz. 292; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. :

erh. 8. Afr. (in Bot. Centralbl. i. 1120, 1122); Masters in Journ.

inn. xxxiii. 268 ; Sim, Tree erat Natal, 234; For. Fl. Cape

. Afr. 131

Conif. 540; Wilson, Plant Hunt. t. 6. | ] ;

(name) ; Lindl. & Gord. Lc. ; Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 1. 68; ed. 1.

Gordon, Pinet. ed. i. 335 ; ed. ii. 419 ; Schlechtend. l.c. 359 ; Henkel

& Hochst. l.c. 295; Parlat. le. 433; Masters, I.c. 271, 273, 274

24 CUPRESSACE& (Stapf). | Widdringtonia.

W. Wallichiana, Gord. Pinet. suppl. 107 (name). Callitris —

Schrad. ex Drige, Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Doc. 73 (name) ; Hutchin

Report Conserv. For. Cape Col. 1895, 48, 49 ; in Trans. 8. Afr. Phil.

Soc. xi. 62 ; in Agric. Journ. Cape Good Hope, xxvi. 661, 662 ; Storr

Lister, Rep. Chief Conserv. Fort. Cape Good Hope, figs. on p. 2.

s EL oe ; : :

v. 951; =a Se Pflanzenw. Afr. ii. 88 ; =—— Kapland, 167, fig.

on p. rolinia ees, Endl. ex Gord. Pinetum, Suppl.

107. Pachglenis sp., Hook. f. lc. 142.

& PRoy : Clanwilliam Div.; Cedarberg Mountains, scattered singly

or in small fesse over a range of 30 miles mainly between _~ nd 6500 ft.

Zeyher ; _— ! — ! Pee ge in MacOwan, Herb. Aus fe 1649 9!

+1 aa sa vt +

Ty Kew Sebastes phesads de to Bere Wallich collected it in that

locality. “His specimens are in fact from

Ww.

wn handwriting in the Stekons of the British Museum. Leipoldt’s

q :

s species. A valuable — tree (see particularly _ d Hutchins,

i. =. The Cedar-boom or Cape Cedar of the Cape Colon

W. equisetiformis, Mast. ae Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. ee described from

—— cultivated in the Tokai pla ntations near Cape Town (!) and others

—. seh 164 !) communicated to the author from the Kati bergen, Stockenstrom

n, has since been identified by the oe himself as Callitris robusta, a

ice rat Australia (see Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. x 2).

OrpER CXXVIII. CYCADACEZ.

(By J. Hurcutnson & G. Rarrray.)

osed of ee

ae thick and fleshy or subwoody, often peltate scales bearing

on their lower very numerous and crowded 1-locular

oes the ee often collected in small groups. Female cones

; scales usually numerous, more or less

Stangeria. | CYCADACE# (Hutch. & Rattr.). 25

peltate, bearing 2 orthotropous inverted ovules on the lower side

(or in Cycas veral and erect in the sinuses of the segments of the

2; radicle superior, attached by the nae ‘eee suspensor.

Stem subterranean or above ground and attaining —_ tree-form, simple

or sparingly branched, with a terminal tuft of leaves. Leaves spirally arranged,

the spirals alternating with ide = short coriaceous prophy: vila ary scales ; blade

esis usually to the midrib into separate aoe; the latter with or withoat

a midrib, longit er ahs or Sarde (Stangeria) pinnately nerved and the

fateral nerves for

Species about 80, in the tropics, subtropics, and temperate regions, mainl

of the Southern Hemisphere e - Gi : 3

e are much indebted to the Director of the Botanical Survey

of South Africa for the loan of specimens from the Pretoria and

Durban herbaria, and for aiceapaphs of plants in their native

ed in the Tran ara ; also to the Directors of the Cape Town

Albany Muse

ae interesting solleoiien of living South African Cycads has been

brought together by Colonel Mo ne in the Old Fort garden in

ban, which the junior author had the pleasure of visitin aR in

August, 1930. Many plants are eae grown around the Uni

Buildings at Pretoria, at the National Botanic Gardens, Kinten:

bosch, near Cape Town, and in the Municipal Gardens , Cape own.

The io of the species are also in cultivation in the Palm

ouse at Kew

I. Stangeria —Leaflets =e a prominent midrib and spreading f

lateral nerves, the upper esol a at the base and Seousrent

on the rhachis; aerial stem abse

II. Encephalartos.—Leaflets without a distinct midrib, the nerves sees

with the mar, _ leaflets never connate at the base; aerial s

present or absent

I. STANGERIA, T. Moore.

Cones dicecious. Male cones cylindric, slender; scales densely

imbricate in many series, spirally arra nged ; pollen-cells raat Ss

pollen ellipsoid. Female cones ovoid-ellipsoid, ore than t

male, shortly pedunculate, densely tomentose ; cape deltoid

ded, he a pair

of inverted ovules. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, with a dark red fleshy

coat.

26 CYCADACE (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Stangeria.

Stem subterranean, simple or branched, nude; leaves few, long- a

pinnate ; leaflets several pairs, opposite or subopposite, sometimes the uppe

ones connate at the base, entire, toothed or incised lob te, with a pies ak a

midrib and numerous spreading forked lateral n

Disrris. Species 1, South-east Africa; coastal region from Bathurst to

Zululand.

Stangeria oir (Nash in Journ. New York Bot. Gard.

164, pl. Ixii (1909) ; stem subterranean, branched or cabranckal

branches eae and thick, cylindrical to "obo void, the woolly scales

persistent only at the apex; leaves 1-3 to each crown; petiole

to 12 in. long and 2 in. a with numerous very closely parallel

forked pinnate lateral nerves, glabro male cones solitary,

brownish, pedunculate, eahes paenally ‘paced to the apex,

triangular or rhomboid, jagged-toothed ; female cones =

shortly pedunculate, densely tomentose, ovoid-ellipsoid, up

7 in. long and 3} in. in diam. ; scales deltoid, with the lower ads

not of Schrad. L. topus, Kunze, l.c. xiii. 152 (1839), and xviii.

116 (1844). Stangeria paradoxa, T. Moore, in Hook. Journ. Bot. v

228 (1853) ; Hook Bot. Mag. t. 5121; Miq. Prodr. Cy 9, 18;

Ci ? - XVi. hamberlain in Bot z. lxi. 353, with

figs ; Pearson i in Trans. §. Afr. Phil. Soc. xvi 349, pl. vii ;

Rea in 1 anzenr. Cycadac 105, fig. 15, A-K, and t. 3

S. schizodon, Bull. Cat. 1872, S ar. Kaizert,

Marloth FI. 8. Afr. i. 97, fig. 63, and pl. 14 (1913) ; a lie. 105.

forma schizodon, Schuster, eriana,

. paradoxa er, Le.

Hort. 8. Katz zeri, Regel Gartenfl. xxiii 163, t. 798 (1874). 8. Zeyher,

Stoneman, Plants and Their Ways in §. ‘Afr. fig. 214 (1915). See

observations by Seemann, Bot. H. M. Herald, 235 (1852-7).

GroGRapHicaL Rance :—Narrow coastal strip from the Kowie peter

Bathurst Div., through the native states and Natal to South Zululan

grassy slopes, the edge of bush, or in the forest ; variable acc ecntiaa: 9e allie.

Bathurst Div.: between Riet ae and Great Fish River, Macowan, 2000 !

entani Div.: coast belt between sand dunes, Pegler, 262! near Zolora River

mouth, Pegler, 262! Manubi Forest, Pegler, 1247! Port St. Johns, Rattray !

Schonland, 3957 |! Egossa Forest, Sim! Pondol U ntu River, in shade

trees rocks, Burtt Davy, 15315! ran

Mus., 9412! without locality, J nn, 66! Na a nan, 36!

Nahoon River, Seek . vo — S. Afr. von 1350! Dumisa,

distr., wooded th mtwalumi River, Rudatis, 669! Pinetown,

Rehmann, 7959 ! ite

CYCADACE (Hutch. & Rattr.).

Stangeria. |

>. (4) margio =

; (3) portion of leaflet sho

{ /AW

gntorus Nash—({1) Typical leaf from open veld ; (2) leaflet

Pe oamed. except (3) and (.

from forest localit

‘serrulate leaflet ;

Fig. 3—StTancEria

28 cYCADACE# (Hutch. & Rattr.). | Ancephalartos.

II. ENCEPHALARTOS, Lehm.

Cones dicecious. Male cones pedunculate; scales densely

imbricate in many series, spirally arranged, often narrowed at the

apex ; pollen-cells very numerous on the lower side. Female cones

sessile or shortly pedunculate, similar to the male but often larger

and thicker, sometimes completely enveloped by woolly hairs ;

scales more or less truncate at the top and often coarsely wrinkled,

bearing 2 collateral inverted ovules foward the base. Seeds with

a yellow or red fleshy outer coat.

Stems underground or rising t ll trees, simple or slightly branched,

sarwex. with scales and the scars S of fe fallen leaves; leaves spirally arrange ed

afle to) 20 i ire

or toot en pungent- -pointe d, withou ; nerves ee udinally

parallel ; lower leaflets sometimes cudtatly rednaed to prickles

Species about bs confined to the South-eastern regions of South Africa, and

in Tropical Afri

Stemless or nearly so

—- — indy a few teeth only near the Epes rh

wded, the lower ones ~_— ed i

ea ind “Tike prickles, never glau ... (1) caffer.

Leaflets toothed or agents = (rarely a few

leaflets on each leaf entire) :

Leaflets with a definite ter nee pungent apex o

lobe distinct from the lateral teeth, linear ian

toothed or broader and coarsely dentate-

lobate :

Lower leaflets gradually reduced to numerous

prickles, the remainder often 2-3-dentate at

the apex, broadly linear, with small —

teeth ; leaflets spreading in one plane

e rhachis, not eee rhachis i wooly

ie young (see . (2) villosus.

Lower — not reduced to prickles, nearly

all ans pe oye

Leaflets divided at the a into 3-5 short very

br triangular , without a definitely

longer terminal lo “9 oblong-¢ — with

numerous parallel nerves (see fig. 5) .. --» (4) kosiensis.

Stems ol onl — several feet high, branched or

* taaneacts mec or lobate-toothed (or if entire then

broadly

very glaucous or linear), linear-oblo:

to ovate-lanceolate ; not very i

pads red :

Encephalartos.| cycaADaAck& (Hutch. & Rattr.).

— ae linear ssi tapered to the apex,

ny lobate-dentate or rarely ne

kedly spinose- seinen (see fig. 6) (5) Lehmannii.

Leaflets green :

meme coarsely lobate-dentate on the lower

usually rather — in proportion

to t hate width, very strongly nerved with

numerous nerves (see : 7) he ... (6) latifrons.

epg a hive or the lower ones at

arsely too

Mature “eat glabrous below, with incon-

spic

Veale — or toothed mainly on

, iqu

the lower ‘leaflets not reduced to

prickles ... as ... (7) longifolius.

—— equally toothed on both sides,

oadly linear, with parallel a

Ge lower not reduc ad to prickles ... (8) Altensteinii.

Leaflets more or less ovate-lanceolate, the

ower ones gradually reduced to

prickles (see fig. 8) ne ... (9) Woodii.

oS Rucraages Oe prs concen ion very

mar the

ae oe sete r abruptly edased to

prickles . (10) paucidentatus.

vdeg —— Etech fern a never glaucous, narrowly

acicular, crowded and numerous ;

ents Spatatte ay woolly, especially when

ung; cones very woolly-tomentose ;

brown :

Leaflets linear, flat, cu a Daag: cartilaginous

but not recurved m

Nerves of ae middle ales 7-9 between the

margins, very strong and rounded and com

siaiey ‘filling the lower watick of the

. (11) cyeadifolius.

— of the middle leaflets en Eo betwee

argins, slender and s what oe

‘be filling the lower einast . (12) lanatus.

agp sowed subacicular, with much recurved margins ; owe

s 3-4, very obscure on the lower side... (13) Ghellinckii.

about 1 fei in ash ret ; leaves es up to sate i4ina

oolly when young; leaflets very numerous and crowded, lon

shed the middle of the leaf, the lowermost becoming much reduced,

30 cYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos.

long and 4 in. in diam. ; scales in icy spirals, broadly transversely

subrhomboid-elliptic, concave, green, with orange margins, nearly

ress oe t 14 in. broad ; earls broadly oblong, red, about

1} in Mig. setae et ae 53, partly lapels Prodr.

fate ae ses = pss Zamia caffra, Thunb. Prodr. Fi.

Cap. ii. 92 (1800); Fl. Cap. ed. Schult. 429, partly (1823). Zama

Cycadis, Linn. f. Suppl. 443 (1781). Ene ephalarios brachyphyllus,

Lehm. Cat. Hort. Hamb. 1836, ex Lehm. & De Vriese Tijdschr.

Nat. Gesch. iv. 414, t. vi. and vil. (1 ate E. caffer var. brachy-

phyllus, A.DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 532 (1868).

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Uitenhage, oe East London, southern part of

King Williamstown and northwards to Zululan

Uitenhage Div. : Tredgold, no. 2 (Herb. Brit. Mus.) ! Van Staadens, Rattray,

1098 ! between Hoffmannskloof and fe Cok, 1000-2000 ft., Drége, 8254!

er int

Ken Div.: outside forest, rare, Sept., Pegler, 1124! Feb., Pegler,

at ” Tealabiesd + near Ngoye, Rattray, D738 without locality, Oldenburg,

1497

CULTIVATED Specimens : Municipal Gardens, Cape Town, Herb. 8S. Afr. Mus.,

pga ni soe Durban (from Zululand), 16040! Bot. Gard. Grahamstown,

cnaes. to Wylie this species is common in some parts of Zululand, where

it grows almost socially ; the seeds are much sought a. es ee

ad there to “ = — arene ae oe pualitete distrib

at stemless

oe which he a and brie is + teat above ae the true EH. caffer,

and another with a well-developed stem, H. longifolius

2. E. villosus (Lem. Illustr. Hort. xiv. Miscell. 79 (1867) ) ; stem

subterranean, aged densely woolly-villous ; — —— green,

usuall a crown, slightly arcuate, up to 9 ft. or more long ;

poe, aed and leaflets densely w sroatby-<illoas en young,

becoming glabrous or nearly so; leaflets numerous, the lower

ually and ee reduced to prickles, the middle and

ascending teeth and peste 2-3-dentate at the apex, up to 8 in. long

Zin. broad, the broadest about 25-nerved, nerves slightly

prominent below ; male cones yellowish, conspicuously pedunculate,

slender, cylindric, slightly tapering to the top, about 2 ft. long

Encephalartos.| cycaApaAck& (Hutch. & Rattr.). 31

; $.ROSS-CRAIG

Fig. 4.—Encerwanartos vittosus Lem.—(1) Basal portion of leaf showing

reduction of leaflets to prickles, typical of this species ; (2) upper portion

of leaf ; (3) single leaflet from about the middle; (4) portion of leaflet

_ showing characteristic 3-pronged top ; (1), (2) and (3) much reduced.

32 CYCADACEE (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos.

and 3-4 in. in diam. ; scales markedly peltate, irregularly 5 ee

the top, the lower margin e or less irregularly toothed; seeds

red, about in. long, nearly as broad as long, oblong-ellipsoid

m. l.c. xv. t. 557 (1868); Bot. Mag. t. 6654 (1882); De Wild.

Ic. Select. Hort. Thenen. iv. 173, pl. clx (1903) ; Marloth Fl. 8. Afr.

i. 96, t.15, fi g. B; 6, fig. B. E. striatus, Stap t Davy in

FI. Transv. i 99, fi ,C. Zamia villosa, Gaertn. Fruct. i * 3 (1788) ;

Willd. in Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin x. t. 6 Zamia

aaa Jacq. Fragm. 27, partly, as to t. 25, female nga only

(18

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: From the Keiskama River north- eastwards to

The late Mr. W. Watson noted that he saw hundreds of this species growing

in dense woods along the Buffalo River near East London

East London Div.: wooded kloofs, East London, J. Wood in Herb.

Galpin, sale Pier: East London, Smale, 23! Rattray, oe Nead’s Camp,

3340! in dense shade of forest at Gonubi River mouth,

Galpin, 7767 ‘4 "Reatant i in forests, male and female in May, Pegler, 342 !

i s near the Kei River mouth, Flanaga in 8. . Mus. Herb., 1374!

n ; !

Delagoa Bay: “from Delagoa Bay,” growing in pale m Buildings Gardens,

Pretoria 58 Wickins) ! Living specimens at Kew

We have seen seedlings collected by Miss Pegler on 342) :—Seedling leaflets

about 8 ‘pairs, aha oblanceolate, about 2 in. long and } in. broad, toothed

mainly in the upper half; aerial roots well developed and much branched ;

crown of seedling softly villous

3. E. horridus (Lehm. Pugill. vi. 14 (1834) ); stem subterranean

or very short, covered with rough leaf-bases, slightly villous ; leaves

glaucous, numerous in a crown, mar edly recurved at the top,

very pric okly, iP to about 2 ft. long ; petiole and rhachis gestern

aye and 2 in aoa (in cluding the 1 bes), obscurely nerved, con-

both ends ; a Bekker mens r

across and j in. high, very slightly pubescent ; female ar shortly

pedunculate, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, more or less triangular at

the Poa about 1 ft. 3in. long and 64-8 in. bet scales i

0 sp

long. Mig. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IT. x. 366 (1838) ; in Tijdschr. Nat

Gesch. vi. 94, tt. 3 and 4 (1839); Monog. Cycad. 58 (1842), and in

Encephalartos.| CcYCADACE% (Hutch, & Rattr.), 33

S.Ross- Craig

Fig. 5.—Enoxraatarros Kostansts Hutch.—(1) Upper half of leaf; (2) top

of leaflet ; reduced. ~ :

34 CYCADACEE (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Encephalartos.

Linnea, xvii. 726; DC Prodr. site il. ie partly and excl. v

Worsdell in Trans. Linn. Soc. Sit v. 449, 452 (1900) :

Schuster in Engl. Pflanzenr. pana “116, with figs., excl. vars.

Van Hallii and latifrons Schuster. Zamia hor rida, Jacq. Frag. 27,

tt. 27 and 28 (1800). Encephalartos nanus, Lehm. Tijdschr. IV, 421,

t. 8, fig. C. (1837-8). E. horridus var. nanus, Schuster l.c.

GEOGRAPHICAL Rance: Addo Bush, in the Uitenhage Div.

Uitenhage Div. : around Despatch, Rattray (S. Afr. Mus. Herb. 845! 1906 !).

Cultivated at Pretoria, Nat. Herb., no. 8037! Living specimens at Kew !

As this species is liable to be “seonrtaagit with FE. latifrons Lehm.,

we give the following table of difference

E. horridus.

E. latifrons.

No aerial stem Stem 8-10 ft. high

Leav glaucous ot gl

Leaflets rather na Leaflets distinctly broa

Male and female cones small, Fe cone large,

about | ft. ong, up to 60 Ibs. weight, the

Habitat : Pherae scrub, i

Habitat : Open grass veld.

4. E. kosiensis (Hutch. in Kew Bull. 1932, 512) ; stemless or ‘eae 7

so (stems at most a few inches h high—fide Aitken and Gale

probably ce out 3 ft. lon hicks narrowly grooved on ae peas

side, glabrous ; leaflets erobabts about 20 pairs, crowded and slightly

overlapping, ob ong-elliptic, sessile with a very broad base, more

or less rou n each side at the base, without a de finite a apex

but vided into 3-5 broadly triangular pungent-pointed gree

with usually about 2-4 smaller lateral teeth on each m

ong, 14-2 in. broad, on Wi hte with about 25 rather faint pete i

nerves ; cones not see

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Coastal region of Zululand.

Zululand : behind pag dune bush near Kosi Lake, East Ingwavuma distri

ca & ale, 63; Kos y> Lugge in i Herb., 16507 ! erases

Col. G G. Molyneux at the es Old Fort, ” Durban, July 1930 !

Further material and information about this species is much desired at Kew.

high; persistent leaf-base y ovate, acuminate; leaves

markedly glaucous, up to 3 f - long ; leaflets spaced. on the 7

the es the largest, entire or lobate-dentate, very pun

poin or linear-lanceolate, the middle ones up to 8 in ee

= A in. neon (excluding the teeth), very obscurely or _ even

y nerved, the teeth when present mostly on the lowe

Lehmannii (Lehm. a vi. 14 (1834) ) ; stem up to 9 ft.

broad]

Encephalartos.| CYCADACER (Hutch, & Rattr.). 35

5.Ross- aN

Fig. 6.—Encepuatarros LesmManntt Lehm.—(1) Middle portion of leaf;

(2) and (3) lobate leaflets; all reduced. J

36 CYCADACE# (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos.

and near the middle or towards the top; male cones subsessile,

okey a iter oe = . length yellow, apa! 9 in. long

in umerous, wit mall sub-

ateaias or ietioialsr early Saiineeptibessant are female

cones sessile, short, broadly — about 1} ft. long and

t. in diam. ; scales at length ruddy brown, with a broadly ovate-

acuminate limb and small truncate ance top; seeds red, about

24 in. long, including the aril. Otto and Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzeit.

1836, 217, t. 1; Miq. Monogr. Cycad. we Regel “Gartenfl., 1865,

197, t. 477 (6); DC. Prodr. xvi. ij. 531, incl. var. spinulosus Miq. ;

Schuster in Engl. Pflanzenr. Cycadac. 113, eth figs. (1932). Zama

ae Keck. and Zeyh. ex Otto and Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzeit.

1833, n , p. 158, name only. Z. spinulosa, Heynh. Nom. i

(1840). °F. To Heynh. Nom. i. 862 (1840). Z. occidentalis

Lodd. Cat. 177 ex Mig. in Linnea xvii. 711 (1843). Encepha-

lartos ssiuloaily Lehm. in i ange Nat. Gesch. iv. 420, t. viii.

fig. B (1838). ji

Gi : ; ).

mauritianus, Miq. Monogr. Cycad. 48 (1842). EF. pungens, Lehm.

ugill vi. 13; Mig. in Linnea xix. t. 4 Y 847). EF. Lehmanni var.

spinulosus, Miq. in Linnea xix. 420 (1847); var. dentatus Regel.

E. horridus var. trispinosa, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5371 (1863).

a Rance: In semi-karoid places from Willowmore Div.

to Grahamstown, and in Bedford, Queenstown, Komgha, and on the Tsoma

River in the Nqamaqwe district "(Native States).

Willowmore Div.: Groote River, toe Albany Div.: northern slopes of

pin,

Bothasberg, near Grahamstown, Ga 3083! Penrock Farm, 10-12 miles

from G town, in karoid scrub, 1 ft., Dyer, 1184 t Div. :

mouth of the Kowie River, 250 ft., Macowan, 9! So Div. : Bruntjes

( ard. Cape Town)! Queenstown = rm, Rattr ie

White Kei, 2300-2600 ft., amongst dolerite rocks, Delian. 8090 ! a -

Galpin, 2708 ! Komgha Div. : germs rocky s “6 “4 near Komgha, 2000 ft.

Flanagan, 1373! Tsoma Div. : near Tsoma, Sim, 26!

mY Shield Specimens: Nat. Herb. Pretoria, no. 8039 ! Living specimens

Mr. Galpin and Dr. Rattray note that this species grows in fair numbers

on steep hillsides a mongst doleritic rocks along the Twaxt Kei River about

5 miles above its junction with the White Kei, often by suckering and seedlings

forming pose ag of 8-10 plants together. Associated with it was E. cycadifolius.

towards the top; leaflets up to about 33 pairs, the middle ones

the largest, sh ge aa ovate or ovate-lanceolate, about 5 in. long

nd 2in. broad, wide at the » coarsely lobate-dentate on the

lower —: a and lobes pungent-pointed, very prominently

nerved, the nerves numerous, pubescent below, at length nearly

CE& (Hutch. & Rattr.).

Encephalartos.| CYCADA

cade i f S-

7.—ENCEPHALARTOS LATIFRONS Lehm.—({1) Middle portion of leaf;

(2) leaflet ; much reduced.

Fig.

38 CYCADACEA (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos.

glabrous ; petiole with a marked yellow “collar” at the base

male cones 1-3 on a stem, with no visible peduncle, about 2 ft. long

and 6 in. in diam., brownish yellow ; scales much narrowed to and

irregularly rhomboi the top, not p t; female cones rare,

up to 60 Ibs. weight, sessile, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, up to 2

long and 10 in with about 15 of s ales ; scales

concave, flat or : teaked "deeply Tugose top; seeds about 2-23 in

long, red. I in Tijdschr. Nat. Ge vi. 100, t. iii. (1839)

horridus var eeshlenge ager Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3, x. 36 ly

: . Wi ‘ :

E. Van Hallii, Vriese in Tijdsc hr. Nat. Gesch. i v. 422, t. x. (18 3T- 8).

E. horridus vars. Van Hallii and latifrons, Renae L.c. 117 (1932).

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: ante and Bathurst Divs., in open grass-

veld ae on low rocky ridges.

Vite e Div.: near Paarde Poort, MacOwan! Bathurst ee : Trapps

Valley, is mber, 1000-1400 ae Ppt t 10-14 miles from the ii " Rattray,

8439 ! (in 8. Afr. Mus. Herb., 1100!). Livin ing specimens at Kew

18 in. of the upper part of the stem cones are ripe in January

and the dried up male cones were then still presen

For comparison with E. horridus see note iar that species.

E. longifolius (Lehm. Pugill. vi. 14 (1834)); stem well-

a . stout, about 12 ft. high or more, simple or rarely branched,

the top dome- shap ed between the bud and the mature leaves ;

leaves green, numerous in a

14-2 ft. long and 6-8 in. in rile

scales in very numerous spirals, lanceolate, acuminate with blunt

hooked rt a8 ; female cones sessile, up to 90 Ibs. in weight, 2 ft. long,

12-14 in. in diam. ; scales in less numerous spirals than in the male,

rhomboid, umbonate, re rugose ; seeds red, broadly oblong,

vars. revolutus Miq., angustifolius Miq., and Hookeri DC. 1.c.

Schuster in Engl. Pflanzen. Cycad. iii. figs. 3A, 4G, 6A, 16 R-U

(1932). Zamia longifolia, Jacq. Fragm. 38, t. 29 (1809); Pers.

Sen il. 631; Spreng. Ms ihe = 908. Zami

Fragm. t and 3 (1809). caffra, Thunb. in Nov. Act. Soe.

Scient. Upsal. ii. 283, as to ist os ie only. Encephalartos caffer,

Encephalartos.| CcYCADACEa (Hutch. & Rattr.). 39

Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4903, not of Lehm. (1859) ; Rev. Hort. 1869,

233, fig. 56. E. lanuginosus, Lehm. Pugill. vi. 14 (1834). HE. Alten-

steinit, Gard. Chron. Ser. iii. xl, 206, fig. 84 (1906), not of Lehm

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: From oe Bosch in Humansdorp Div. to Van

hea rhs Z oo in open veld.

nsdor .: Assegai aks Thunberg ; without locality, Oldenburg

1497 (in Herb. Brit. Mus.) ' — ed cultivated specimens from various collec-

ions! Living specimens at

Distinguishing features of ih species, which was confused by Thunberg

with the stemless #. caffer, and figured as such in the Botanical Magazine

(tab. 4903), are the curled Siok: like tops of the leaves, the leaflets forming a

rather wide V; they are often quite entire.

The pith is used in making Kaffir bread.

. E. Altensteinii (Lehm. Pugill. vi. 11, t. 4, 5 (1834) ); stem

ae to about 16 ft. high and about 2 ft. in circumference ; young

stem ovoid, woolly; leaves green, numerous in crown, nearly

straight, up to 5 ft. long ; rhachis soon glabrous ; leaflets spreading

cylindric, slightly tapered to the base, about 12-15 in.

s beaked-acuminate, with a recurved flatti sh top ;

dly

co solitary, sessile yellowish brown, broa

oblong-ellipsoid, about 1} ft. long and 9 in. in dia ually with

out 15 spirals of scales, up to about 40 lbs. in weight; scales

rhomboid-umbonate with a truncate concave top, very rugose ;

seeds = oblong, about 2 in. long. Hort. e Journ. Jard. and

Amat 167, pl. ix (1837); Mig. Monogr. seg 51, incl. vars.

pinisdenttus and angustifolins Mig. l.c. (1842); Mig. in Linnea

xix. 420, t. rodr. Cyead. 10 (1861); DC. Prodr.

xvi. ii. 532, incl. var. eriocephalus Vriese Descr. Pl. Nouv. Jard.

Leyd. t. 2; Gard. Chron. vi. 392-97, figs. 80-83 (1876) ; ser. 3, 11.

281 (1887) ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. tt. 7 162- 3 (1891) ; Schuster i in Engl.

Pflanzenr. Cycadac. 112, with figs. (1932). #. Marumii, Vriese

Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. v. 188 (1838). #. Vromit, Malte Recherch.

mia spinosa, Lodd. ex DG. l.c., name only. Z. spinulosa

aay Z. ic ataeiesa, Hort. ex Miq. Monoer. Creat 51 (1842).

GrooRAPHICAL RANGE: River valleys from the = River, Bathurst

to Natal and the Eastern Transvaal, ascending to 3500 ft. alt. in ett

Bathurst Div.: Bat nsocmg Rattray in Herb. S. Afr. Mus. 1099! King

Williamstown, Sim in Herb. S. Afr. Mus. 847! East London Div.: Nahoon R.,

E. London, photo. . by Pearson in Herb erb. Galpi in Kast London Park, J. Wood

40 CYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos.

in Herb, Galpin eee Komgha Div.: near Komgha, Flanagan 1372 (in

Herb. 8S. Afr. Mus 4360)! Transkei Div.: Kei Road, Rogers 322 55 | Ke —

valleys, Pegler, 11161 Living specimens at Kew! (I have not seen specimen

from Natal and the Transvaal.—J. H. )

ording to notes by Dr. Rattray, this species occurs from the Kowie Riv

allen in the Bathacst Diy. as far as Durban, and extends from the coast hills

the Amatola Mountains ; usually it is found in shady situations, and when

aracters

us, Which occurs in paar’ situations. In the la dag species, ee

ed ee Rattray

ei e southe

limit of distribution is reached. In this 4 re rick on (Rowe Val ley), i ptheigcies

1908, he carefully examined more than a hundred well- developed ‘sie and

und the remains of only one male cone. Further north in the Na soos and

Gonubie valleys cones were produced in fair herons In Natal the dig sary

‘ce ,

jor

vs]

n ely. Ba eys P

they collect and carry them to the tops 0 of cliffs. or trees, ee ei the einai

hard kernel and eating only the delicate soft outer coat of the seed,

9. E. Woodii (Sander in Gard. Chron. 1908, 257, with habit

poin nerves numerous, ily di stinet ; isle cones «aba

silos sendee cylindric, na o 4 ft. ong; scales very numerous,

ong-pointe with a small t uncate top; female cones not seen.

oo in Kew Bull. 1914, 250, Sah habit fig. -, and 1916, 181 ; Schuster

Engl. Pflanzenr. Cycadac. 120. E. Altensteinii var. bispinna,

5 M. Wood Ann. Rep. Bot. Gard. Natal 1907, 8, with fig.

GmoGRAPHICAL Rance: Known only from Zululand.

Zululand : Ngoye, Wylie! os definite locality, Medley Wood! Cult.

in Durban Bot. Gard. (Natal Herb. no. 16044 !).

This appears to be rather a distinct race or species very closely allied to

E. Altensteinii and to E. H ildebrandtii, the a from East Africa ; from the

it is distinguished by its usually mu tise aerated which tend re

ickles ried Pa aie

E. 2972p but > BE. Hi ldcbrandiin oe nua: however,

narrower ay gies of E. Ailensteints There is a fine plant of Z. Wood

ee:

10. E. paucidentatus (Stapf & Burtt Davy in Burtt oe Fi.

Transvaal i. 40, 99, fig. 4,-A (1926) ); stem about 6 ft. high ; trunk

- in Sagrl ves green, about 8 8 ft. Py asta

Encephalartos.| cycADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). 41

Fig. etree morn 2 pikes, pia ot eas ogg leaf showing

_ reduction to prickles, ty typical of t in roieh ( portion —

of leaf ; (3) leaflet from a about the i

42 CYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [Hncephalartos.

p more or less contiguous, narrowly or almost linear-lanceolate,

and em.

dentate towards the red ae ones pedunculate, much curved

13-2 ft. long, —: 61 : ten, ; or rte pubescent ;

ia")

ao st

j=)

be,

—

}

—

9°]

—

ro)

—

tole

pee

—

°o

i=)

fae)

GpoGRAPHICAL Rance: North-eastern Transvaal; in partial shade,

3000-4000 ft.

North-eastern _ svaal : sehr res ye be River, Legat af Nat. soaker

Pretoria, 5185 ! r Barberton, 3000-4000 ft., Thor rneroft in Herb. Roger.

28426! Moodies “Estates farm, aca near Barberton, Van Hiden in Nat,

Herb. Pretoria, 10085

11. E. cycadifolius (Lehm. a vi. 13 (1834)); stem stout,

up to 10 ft. high, densely woolly ; leaves numerous, up to 5 ft. long,

straight or nearly so ; slashis densely eaotly when young, subterete ;

leaflets very numerous and crowded, usually overlapping, straight

i I

27, partly-(as to t. 26 only *) (1800); Pers. Synop. ii. 631;

Syst Bod en 7 oo os Friderici-Guilielmi, Lehm. Pugill. vi.

; Mig. sy yead. 44 (1842). £. acanthus, Masters in

Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 810. — ;

Grog ee : From Kliplaat in the Jansenville Div. (fide Marloth)

Catheart, “Qu Queenstown nd Tsolo dist oi

3000-5300 ft. alt., a haat 60 miles distant se fr e sh ee

ansenville Div. (fide Marloth): Uit Zeyher (Herb. Brit.) !

Cuckeact Div.: near Cathcart, Sim, ‘enh Zr ek, Mw P alee d !

* Jacquin’s t. 25 is of a glabrous female cone, probably of Z. villosus Lem.

Encephalartos.| | CYCADACEA (Hutch. & Rattr.). 43

Queenstown Div. : age t rocks on mountain tops around Queenstown,

4000-4500 ft., Galpin, 1525 ! fossa of Mbumbu A a Queenstown

ft. Pearso on (photo.) ! hese Menge Queensto 4000 5 25 ay in

Herb. Galpin, 8411! King Willia wn Div. : near King Williamstown, Sim

in S. Afr. Mus. Herb., 1347! solo district (fide Rattra

Our a inags of this a dates from stag iene (Progmenta Botanica,

p- 27) in 1800. Unfortunately he pct eeng he speci He described pe

figured at t. 26 a leaf of i meh ich has rade ways te en amt ‘side

re cycadifolius or E, Friderict- Buiticlmi. But the female cone shown

n t. 25 is probably that of EF. villosus aoe te species not recognised and

described until pid this female cone is quite glabrous and the seeds are

red, whereas in H. cycadi, sec ba female cone is a densely and permanently

woolly, and the seeds are yelloy

E. lanatus (Stapf & Burtt Davy in Burtt Davy Flora

nant 40, 99, fig. 4 D (1926) ) ; stems several feet high, simple ;

4 i d, gla and pilose shoes, soon Be with 12-14

pr t a uous nerves below, margins very thick and

callus-like, at first ciliate with woolly hairs; male cones shortly

long and 2 in. in diam., with about 12 spirals of scales; scales

narrowly rhomboid at the top and densely woolly-tomentose, about

3 female cones shortly pedunculate, cylindric, abruptl

2 in. across ; female 8 y pe y ptly

narrowed at each end, about 7 in. long and 3 in. in diam., with

; c

towards the margin which swells and forms a thick glabrous callus ;

seeds broadly ellipsoid, about 1 in. long, probably yellow. &.

levifolius, Stapf & B. Davy Le. fig. 4 e (1926).

GeoGRAPHICAL RANGE: Eastern Transvaal, from cearsagoee:f ae the

Godwan River area to berton district, at 3000-5000 ft. altit

Transvaal: Middelburg district ; Mooi Kopje, Pole Evan nay de Herb.,

11497 ! Middelburg, ” erwe in Nat. Herb., 8041! Toe vlugty near Middelburg

Town lands, Weeber in Colon. Herb., 647 1! Lydenburg district ; Crocodile

1b. ).

River, near Piet Schoeman, Apr. , Wilms, 1355! (H we I rit.)

B n dis ; Godwan Rive t Thorneroft in Herb. Rogers,

cola satel 23689 ! Moodies, near Barberton, T'odd in Natal Herb

rt igs !

Edge of Black Reef quartzite escarpment, 1 mile from Berlin Forestry Station,

up to 10 ft., Welling freely, Van Nouhuys in Nat. Herb. Pretoria, 10086 !

villous, with one obscure rib above and below ; leaflets numerous,

widely spreading, subacicular, with strongly recurv: margins,

abruptly very pungent-pointed, the middle ones the longest and

44 CYCADACE& (Hutch. & Rattr.). [| Hncephalartos.

about 4 in. long, ape aaa when young, at length thinly

pubescent on the upper side, not visibly nerved below but with

about 4 obscure parallel nerves ; oe cones sessile, slightly curved,

cylindric, about 9 in. long and 3 in. in diam., densely woolly ; scales

ax ature, the top irregularly rhomboid, remaining densely

woolly, shortly stalked, nearly covered with microsporan fema

cone very shortly pedunculate, broadly oblong-ellipsoid, about 15 in.

long and 9 in. in diam., with about 9-11 spirals of very densel

woolly brownish scales; scales remaining woolly, shortly peltate,

with recurved edg seeds very broadly oblong-ellipsoid about

1} in. long, — brown or Sage with a tinge d

the base. 1. 8); Seward in Proc. Camb

1868); Sew :

a Soc. ix. “Bi habit fig. (1898). Zamia Ghellinckii, Hort. ex

; cadifolius var. Friderici-Guilielmi, Schuster in Engl.

Piscean Soriee 109, partly (as to syn. E. Ghellincki Lem.).

G Rance: Natal, apparently ee almost sea-level to about

5000 ft. on the eastern slopes of the Drake nsber,

Natal: Umzimkulu River, Nelson 16! Umzimto district, Wood i

ces, Hutchinson, 4536! Alexandra distri stony slopes, war ye flats,

Dumisa, Rudatis, 1299 ! Without definite culty, White | Vyv

PAGE

Callitris arborea

Se - ex Drege 24

cupressoides, Schrad. =

cupressoi Wood

equisetiformis, Mast. 34

juniperoides, Durand

& Schinz ‘ 24

ses ht Engl. . 18

lensis, Endl. ex

Fo ourca 22

Schwarzii, Marloth | 2

stricta, Schlec 24

ytei, E — 18

ois Boal 14

Cupressus cthiopica

onata, | 20

africana, He

Oldeniand ex MEL 20

<goall ee i

juniperifoia, Linn. 24

juniperoides, Linn. 20

na com essis Taxi

longiory folits

Afric., Pluk ae

CYCADACEA . 24

s caffra, Thunb. 30, 38

— Lehm. 28

Altenstey ‘Gard.

akon

Altens

var. arom lius,

Miq. ‘if

var. bispinna, J. M.

var. eriocephalus,

Vetese ce 88

var. semidentatus,

iq. Sr ie

achyphyllus,tehm. 30

caffer, Hook. oo eee

caffer, Lehm. . . 29

INDEX.

[SYNONYMS ARE PRINTED IN italics.]

E PAGE

ENcHrHALAnTos (con. a ENCEPHALARTOS (con.)

ee achy- transvenosus tapf

er De. Da aie

even, Lehm. . 41) Van Hallii, Vriese . 38

Friderici Gut- villosus, Lehm. 30, 31

lielmi, Sohestas . 441 Vromt, Matte .. . 3

elongatus, Lehm. . 36 _ Wo odii, Sander «0 40,4)

Friderici-Guilielmi,

phe Se ee Ae Lam 2

Ghellinckii, coer . 43) Junip erus folii frutex

gai seer 32 Afr., Pluk

ar. rtf Miq. 38 Lomaria coriacea, Kunze 26

Schuster 34 Nan opus, 26

var. peo paises. ag ee “ition, o

Hoo 36 .

var. Van Hallii, Pachylepis Commer- :

Schuster 38 | sonit, Brogn. - 21

siensis, Hutch. 33, 34| _ Cupressoides, Brogn. 20

levifolius, Stapf Parolinia jamoarctee ;

Burtt Davy . 43 oe “4

lanatus, Stapf «& Popoouns Her 5

Re op sae. L’Hérit. 3

“ef 0

‘lam ta, ALR 3

pes mS tem. 3 36,37 37 elongata, Hen, ex

var. dentatus, Regel fe Peres.

: , ‘a A Engl. 3

1 Bier op pe ig =~ i falcatus, Marloth 9

ar, angustifolius, fal » RB 0

Benge naa , crcl Pilger < 13

var. revolutus, Miq. 38 acilis, s, Eng sgl "7 e "

Marumii, Vriese. 39 gre kel Sto oy oe

mauritianus, Miq. 36 Dalli iit a Iocan 6

nanus, Lehm. 34 Jatifolius, R. ex

paucidentatus, Stapf Mirb

Burtt Davy 40 var. confertus, Pilger 5

ee Ps var.latior . . 5

regalis, Hort. : ophyllus, Drége. 6

inulosus, Lehm. . 36 jana, Endl. . 10

striatus, Stapf & Burtt — Meyer ex

eons A atdeat eer aug ore Tee

Ponorcarpre / .

Sweetii, C. Presl

ofits Burtt

Thunbergii, Hoo

var. seeraeh ia,

MATER Ses ek

var. lerntid on

Sa na, Hor ;

schi. bode 3 Bull.

axUus

elongata,

me Thm.

latifolic, Thunb. .

Zeyheri, Stoneman

capensis, Lam. .

PAGE

INDEX,

seeks (con.)

mac ophaes Banks

Thuia aie ng jularis,

PRG Se ie es,

Thuja cupressoides,

bigns =. :

soides, Sim.

sade cot —

oar imore

equsctiformis, Mast..

s, Endl.

Maloni, ey

natalensis, Endl.

PAGE

W “cheney he

Schwarzii, 2

6 | stipitata, | i ‘ 16

Tallichiana, Gord 23

21} Wallichii, Endl. . 22

| Whytei, Rendle . 17

20 | Zamia caffra, Thunb. . 30

20 cycadifolia, J ae 32, 42

1) cycadis, Li Eat

2| elongata, Hey 6

2| Ghellinckii, A. ex

1 ie 44

1| horrida, J: ca BA.

1| lanuginosa, Jacq. . 38

2 eh Eckl.

15 & Zey Bee 36

21 longifolia, Ja acq. . 38

1 picidoubati, Lodd. ex

21 MNS eee eG

spinosa, Lodd.ex DC. 39

sai Hort,

21 iq. 39

24 epinuloe Heynh. 36

23 | spin nulosa, Hort. ex

ZI | dices, Gaertn. 32