PREFACE.

——ae——

Tuts third volume contains the Orders of CALYCIFLOR with a

monopetalous corolla and an inferior ovary. The fourth volume

(shortly to be in preparation for press) will, it is hoped, include

the Heaths (Hricee) and all the Monopetale with superior

ovaries, 4. €. the COROLLIFLOR& proper. The fifth volume will

probably take in all the MonocHLAMYDE, and the sixth the

- Mownocotyieponss and Ferns, completing the work.

At this stage of their publication the authors feel themselves

unwillingly compelled to fix the price of the present and future

volumes at eighteen shillings, instead of selling them at twelve

_ shillings, as charged for Vols. I. and IJ. Those volumes, having

been published at the lower price, will continue to be sold at it.

The advance is only to be charged on Vols. IIT, IV., V., VI.

This measure has become necessary in self defence, owing to the

price of the earlier volumes having been fixed much too low;

for, after paying expenses and allowing for interest of money,

_ although a considerable part of the edition has been sold, the

_ profits are still in expectancy. Nor do they anticipate that the

“3 purchasers of this work, on reflection, will consider the price

___—heaeeforward to be charged as unreasonably high. On the con-

ont: it will be found rather wnder than over that charged for

similar works. The Australian Flora of Mr. Bentham, a work

on a similar plan, and one that will include fully as many volumes,

sells at twenty shillings per volume, and no one complains that

this price is excessive. The volumes of the Cape Flora are of

equal size, and equally closely printed. Both works stand on a

somewhat similar footing, namely, that they enjoy government

grants of £150 each volume, in aid of publication.

vi PREFACE.

The authors have again to express to their many kind friends

in South Africa their renewed thanks for collections of speci-

mens sent during the publication of the present volume. Among

their older correspondents, already mentioned in Vols. I. and II.,

those who have most constantly contributed specimens during

the publication of Vol. III. have been Mrs. F. W. BarBer and

her brother Henry Bowker, Esq., who continue unremittingly

and successfully their joint explorations; J. SANDERSON, Esq.,

of Natal; and Messrs. GERRARD and McKEN, of the same

colony. These last-named gentlemen have contributed, within

the last two years, over one thousand species of plants, including

many novelties,

In the preface to Vol. II. mention was made of a collection of

Damaraland plants received from “ Miss Elliott:” the author's

thanks should have been offered to that lady by her married

name, Mrs. KOLBE.

The authors now present their thanks to the following new

correspondents for their respective contributions :

To GEORGE FANNIN, Esq., of the Dargle, Maritzburg, Natal,

for very interesting collections of plants, including many novel-

ties, made in the neighbourhood of his residence. Among the

more noticeable is a noble new species of Anemone (A. Fanninii,

H.), with flowers fully larger than those of A. Capensis, and

broad, digitately many-lobed, thick, and softly-velvetty leaves ;

a most desirable plant to introduce to gardens.

To PrererR Mac Owan, Esq., Principal of Shaw’s College,

Grahamstown, for several hundred species of the plants of his

district, most carefully and beautifully dried. From none of

their correspondents have the authors received more admirably

prepared specimens, and though the immediate neighbourhood of

Grahamstown is not particularly rich, and has already been well

beaten over, Mr. Mac Owan has already detected more than one

new species, and has added to the Flora the Nuaia congesta,

of Abyssinia. A greater service to South African Botany has

also been rendered by Mr. Mac Owan, in that he has succeeded in

PREFACE, Vil

introducing among the pupils under his care a taste for Botany,

which may lead to great results in the next generation. Among

his most promising botanical pupils is Mr. R. W. Reape, who

has contributed many interesting species, especially of Composite,

and whose well dried specimens do credit to his teacher.

To J. CHAPMAN, Esq., for a very considerable collection of the

plants of the regions to the north of the Colony, in the direction

and neighbourhood of Lake Ngami. This collection unfortunately

suffered much in its long transit from the interior, and afterwards

lay for a couple of years among lumber in a store in Capetown,

from which it was rescued through the exertions of —— LAYARD,

Esq., of the South African Museum, who most obligingly sought

it out and forwarded it to Dublin. Though many of the

specimens had perished, and others were much injured, a consi-

derable number are in a state fit for examination.

To Mrs. Octavius Bowker, through her sister-in-law Mrs.

F. W. Barer, for an interesting parcel of plants collected in the

Orange Free State.

To Colonel BLAGRAVE for specimens of the Hymenophylla

found about Table Mountain, &c.

To Captain BULGER for specimens collected at Windvogelsberg,

and some Orchids from the neighbourhood of Capetown.

Lastly, to the Rev. Dr. J. CroumBie Browy, Colonial Botanist,

for his unremitting kind attention to the interests of this work,

and for the zeal which he has shown, since his appointment, in

endeavouring to promote the study of botany in all parts of the

Colony, and among the neighbouring extra-colonial missionaries.

The authors trust that his untiring efforts to diffuse botanical

information throughout the Colony will in due time yield an

abundant harvest.

To our friends in Europe, already mentioned in Vol. I, we

have again to offer our best thanks for their continued support

and assistance. And more especially our obligations are due to

Sir W. J. Hooker, for the continued free use of the noble Kew

Herbarium ; and to Professors Fries and AREscHOUG for the

Vili PREFACE.

equally free use of such portions of Thunberg’s Herbarium as we

desired to consult. The examination of the Thunbergian Com-

posite has enabled Dr. Harvey to verify many of the obscure

species of older authors, and in many cases to correct the synony-

my. And Dr. Sonder has similarly profited, in his troublesome

task on the synonymy of the Campanulacece. ee

Since the publication of our last volume South dices B Botaty——___

has lost in Dr. Lupovic Papp#, late Colonial Botanist, a most _

diligent, devoted and successful explorer. His large herbarium,

the result of many years labour, has been purchased by the

Colonial Government for £200, and is now in course of arrange-

ment. A portion containing the orders from Ranwneulacee to

Umbellifere inclusive, is already accessible to the student, and

it is hoped that before the end of the present year the portion

available for study will extend to the end of Campanulacee.

When the whole shall have been completed the South African

student will possess, at Capetown, an aid to study better than

any book of reference.

Nor can the authors close this preface without a tribute of

- gratitude to Rawson W. Rawson, Esq,, late Colonial Secretary,

and now Governor of the Bahamas. To the active interest which

from the first Mr. Rawson took in their undertaking, and to his

powerful advocacy in the Colonial Parliament, are greatly due

the very existence of the Flora. Nor was his assistance limited

to the greater acts of patronage which became his station, but

extended to the smallest details, such as the forwarding of par-— :

cels, &c.: in every detail and on every occasion he was invitie:!!y

kind and considerate, es

Trinity College, Dublin,

24th Feb., 1865.

BOM:

a eee on oe

TX:

SEQUENCE OF ORDERS CONTAINED IN VOLUME IIL.

WITH BRIEF CHARACTERS.

essortnene eno ee

Continuation of Sub-Class II. Canycirrtorm. Ord. LX XITI-LXX VIL

LXXII. RUBIACES (page 1). Cal. adnate. Cor. monopetalous, epigynous,

4-6-lobed, regular. Stam. 4-6, on the cor. tube, and alternate with its lobes.

* Ovary inferior, of 2 or several cells; ovules solitary or many; style simple,

rarely bifid. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe, or a pair of dry nuts; seeds

albuminous. (Leaves opposite, quite entire, with interpétiolar stipules. Trees,

shrubs, or herbs. )

LXXIV. VALERIANEA (page 39). Cal. adnate. Cor. tubular, epigynous,

5-3-4-lobed, unequal; lobes imbricate in bud, Stam. 1-5, on the cor. tube.

Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit 1-seeded, dry ; seed

pendulous, without albumen. (Leaves opposite, often cut or lobed, without sti-

pules. Fl, eymose.) :

LXXV. DIPSACEZ: (page 41). Fl. in heads on a common receptacle, girt by a

general involucre; each fl. also seated in a cup-like, dry, persistent involucre.

Cor. epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, 4—5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stam. 4,

on the cor, tube, 2 mostly longer ; fil. exserted; anth. distinct. Ovary inferior,

r-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit dry, enclosed in the involucel,

1-seeded ; seed albuminous. (Leaves opposite or whorled, often much divided,

without stipules. )

LXXVI. COMPOSITA (page 44). FJ. in heads on a common receptacle, girt by

a general involucre, no involucel. Cor. epigynous, tubular, valvate in bud.

Anth. syngenesious. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a dry

achene; seed exalbuminous. (A vast family, much diversified ; see the detailed

__ observations given at p. 45.) — |

AMPANULACES | 530). Cal. tube adnate ; limb 3-10-lobed

or subtruncate. - Cor. monop-talous (rarely cleft to the base); the lobes valvate

or induplicate in bud. Stam. mostly epigynous, very rarely on the cor. tube

anth. separate or syngenesious. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 2-10-celled ;

ovules mostly numerous, rarely few or solitary. Fruit a capsule or berry,

rarely a drupe. (Juice often acrid-milky. Lvs. mostly alternate, without stipules.

Fi. regular or irregular, in racemes or panicles, or solitary.)

“ee

| FLORA CAPENSIS,

Orper LXXIII. RUBIACEA, Juss

(By W. Sonper).

Flowers regular, mostly bisexual, complete. Calyx-tube adhering to

the ovary; the limb 4~6 lobed or toothed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla

monopetalous, epigynous, 4-6 lobed, deciduous, either valvate or spi-

rally-imbricate in estivation. Stamens inserted in the tube of the co-

. rolla, as many as its lobes, and alternate with them. Ovary inferior, of

a. two or several cells, crowned with an epigynous disc, and usually with

the sub-persistent calyx tube ; ovules one or many in each cell ; style

single, filiform, simple or, in theStellate, bifid ; stigma mostly thickened,

bifid or bilamellate ; capitate in Stellate; long and hairy in Anthosper-

mee, Fruit either a capsule, berry, or drupe, or a pair of dry nuts co-

hering by their faces. Seeds with copious, fleshy, or horny albumen.

Radicle next the hilum,

A very large Order, consisting of trees, shrubs, half-shrubs, and minute herbs

dispersed over the globe, but chiefly abundant in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

Leaves opposite, simple, quite entire, midribbed, and mostly penninerved. Stipules

constantly present, interpetiolar, usually small, and connate into a toothed or awned

lamina ; in the Stellate leafiike and separate. Many important products are derived

from this Order, as Peruvian Bark from various species of Cinchona and allied genera ;

: Tpecacuanha from the roots of Cephaelis and others ; Gambir, an intensely astringent

substance from Nauclea ; and above all Coffee, from the berries of Coffea Arabica.

The wood of the arborescent kinds is hard, close, and heavy, and that of several

of the S. African species in use for making yokes, axles, fellies, ploughs, &e. (See

Pappe, Syiva Capensis, p. 18-19.)

_ TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

* Cells of the fruit many-seeded.

Tribe 1. Garnpentace®. /rwié indehiscent, fleshy, 2- (rarely by abortion 1-) celled.

Seeds not winged.—Shrubs.

-—$,Burehellia.—Uorol/a clayato-infundibuliform, limb short. Stamens about the

middlebthe tube. FP 9 onge e ;

II. Oxyanthus.—Cprei/a with a very long, slender tube. Stamens exserted. Style

clavate. Fruit berry-like. #7 9 ; ctor ay

IIL. Stylocoryne.— Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube.

- Stigma clavate. Berry dry. 4 ,

Gardenia.— Corolla salver-shaped, with along be ; limb spreading, 5-9-cl

Stamens in the throat of the tube. Berry fleshy. :

V. Randia.— Corolla funnel-shaped, with ashort tube. Stigmas 2. Berry nearly dry. 7

| Tribe 2. HepyoTme®. Fruit dehiscent, capsular, 2-celled. Seeds not winged.

4 VI. Hedyotis.—Small herbs. “77 *

** Cells of the fruit 1-seeded, or rarely 2-seeded.

Tribe 3. GuErTarDAce®. Fruit drupaceous, with 2-10 pyrene (or nuts). Seeds

terete (without longitudinal furrow).—Shrubs or small trees.

VII. Vangueria. “/3-

Tribe 4. ALBERTIEM. Fruit dry, 10-ribbed and furrowed, 2-celled. Seeds convex

at back, flat in front, without furrow. Adbumen fleshy. Shrub or tree.

VIII. Alberta — Calyx 5-lobed, 3 lobes small, 2 larger, ear-shaped, much enlarged

in fruit, “/>

voL. I, 1

now iaee

2 RUBIACE (Sond.) [Burchellia.

Tribe s. CoFFEACER. Fruit a 2-celled berry. Seeds convex at the back, flat,

and with a longitudinal furrow in front. Albumen horny.—Trees or shrubs ; very

rarely herbs.

IX. Canthium.—Corolla with a short tube, 4-5-lobed, bearded or naked in the

throat ; wstivation valvate. Style filiform, exserted. Stigma undivided, thick,

ovato-globose or mitreform. #74

X. Plectronia.—Corolla short, funnel-shaped, 5§-lobed, bearded or naked in the

throat. Style short. Stigma bilamellar. 77

XI. Pavetta. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, wi long, slender

tube, and 4-parted limb, imbricate in bud. Style much exserted.

XII. Grumilea.— Limb of calyx §-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, villous atthe

throat ; valvate in bud. Stigma bifid. 2/

XIII. Kraussia.— Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short obconi-

cal tube, 5-cleft, imbricate in bud. Styleshort. Stigma clavate, striato-lamellate,

bifid or bidentate, 22

XIV. Bunburya.—Limb of calyx bilabiate, 6-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped,

6-lobed, imbricatein bud. Style filiform. Stigma bilamellate, lamells short, acute.

Tribe 6. Spermacoce#. Fruit nearly dry, with 2-6 pyrene or nuts. Stigma

bilamellar, or globose, undivided.— Herbs, rarely shrublets. Stipules commonly split

into several bristles.

XY. Spermacoce.—Flowers axillary, crowded. Corolla salver or funnel-shaped, with

a short tube, naked inside. Capsule 2-celled, nuts divisible into 2 parts from the

apex, one open, the other closed. 23

XVI. Pentanisia.— Flowers terminal, capitate-spiked. Corolla very long, naked in-

side. Capsule bipartible into 2 indehiscent nuts. 24

XVII. Mitracarpum.— F/owers in axillary and terminal heads. Corolla with a cir-

cular line of hairs inside. Capsule membranous, circumcised. 75~

XVIII. Hydrophylax.—Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate. Stigma roundly

2-lobed. Fruit dry, corky, angular. 23—

Tribe 7. ANTHOSPERMEX. Fruit nearly dry, bipartite (rarely fleshy and 2-celled).

Stigmas 1 or 2, much elongated, hairy. Albumen fieshy.—Small shrubs or herbs.

Stipules small, 1~-3-toothed. Flowers often dicecious. 76

XIX. Galopina.—Limb of calyx very minute. Fruit of 2 mericarps ; commissure

flattish. Stigmas 2.—Large terminal panicle.

XX. Anthospermum.— Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Fruit of 2 mericarps ; commis-

sure concave. Stigmas 2.—Flowers axillary or subpanicled. 26

XXI. Carpacoce.—Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed. Fruit subdidymous, 2-seeded, or by

abortion nearly terete, t-seeded. Stigma 1.—Flowers axillary, solitary, 3%

XXII. Ambraria.— Fruit spuriously 3-4-celled. Stigmas 2. 33

Tribe 8. Srentat#. Fruit dry, biparted (a cremocarp), rarely fleshy and 2-celled. ~~

— bipartite. Stigmas capitate.—Herbaceous plants, with (spuriously) whorled

eaves,

XXIII. Rubia.—Corolla 5-parted. Fruit fleshy. 34

XXIV. Galium.—Corolla 4-parted. Fruit ay, IT

TRIBE I.—GARDENIACEAE (Gen. 1.-V.)

I. BURCHELLIA, R. Brown.

Calyx-tube obovate ; limb equally 5-cleft beyond the middle, and

drawn out above the ovarium. Corolla clavately funnel-shaped ; the

inner surface of the tube glabrous, except a hearded circle near the

bottom ; throat naked; lobes imbricated and twisted in sstivation.

Stamens 5, inserted in the middle of the tube ; filaments very short ;

anthers inclosed. Stigma oblong-clavate, bearing 5 convex crests, and

a series of tufts of hairs. Berry sub-globose, crowned by the calyx,

2-celled. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds angular, embryo

slender. DC. 1. c. 4, p. 368. Endl. Gen. n. 3315.

Oxyanthus. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 3

_A shrub with petiolate, ovate, coriaceous leaves, intrapetiolar, cuspidate, deciduous

stipulae, and terminal, capitate, sessile, scarlet flowers. Named in honour of William

Burchell, the zealous and meritorious investigator of South Africa.

1, B, Capensis (R. Brown in Ker. Bot. Reg. t. 466); leaves on short

petioles, ovate, acute, subcordate, entire, downy. Pappe Sylv. cap. p.

18. E. Z. n. 2285. Lonicera bubalina, L. fil. suppl. p. 146. B. Kraussii,

Hochst! Flora, 1842, p.237. Zeyh. 2702.

Var. 8. parviflora; leaves oval-lanceolate, smoothish, flowers a little smaller.

B. parviflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 891. E. Z. n. 2286. B. bubalina, Sims. Bot. Mag.

t. 2339. Lonicera bubalina, Thunb./ jl. cap. p. 187. -

Has. Forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, Albany, Caffraria, and Port

Natal. Oct. Nov. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

A tree 12-14 feet high, called Buffeldoorn. Branches opposite, erect. Leaves

about 3-5 inches long, 14-3 inches broad, mostly subcordate at the base, pilose or

pubescent beneath ; in var. , usually 2-3 inches long, 1 inch broad and rarely sub-

cordate, nearly glabrous or with a few hairs on the middle nerve. Flowers 9-10

lines long, of a deep scarlet colour, adpressed hairy outside, in var. 8. 8-9 lines

long, orange-coloured. Limb of the corolla ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute. An-

thers pointed, nearly sessile in the upper part, or near the middle of the corolla.

Style as long as the corolla. Fruit 4 lines long, shorter than the calyx lobes.

Il. OXYANTHUS, DC.

Calyz-tube obovate, limb short, acutely 5-toothed. Corolla with a

very long tube, a glabrous throat and a 5-parted, regular limb, with

oblong and acuminated segments. Stamens 5, rising from the throat of

the corolla, free, exserted; anthers acute. Style filiform, clavate at

the apex. Fruit baccate, 2-celled. Seeds numerous. Albumen cartila-

. ginous. Cotyledons foliaceous. DC.l.¢.p. 374. Endl. gen. n. 3307-

Shrubs with elliptic, acuminated, short-petioled leaves, oblong, triangular, decidu-

ous stipules, and axillary, racemose-corymbose peduncles. Name from otvs, sharp,

and av@os, a flower, in reference to the acute teeth of the calyx and segments of the

corolla.

Leaves elliptic-oblong or ovate-lanceolate: tube of the corolla <

pity Dr ate the leaves nik abs = calor bes, gal” ovy (2) SaaRORes,

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate: tube of the corolla 6-8

times shorter than the leaves ... ... -. ss. vss vs «+» (2) Gerrardi.

Leaves ovate-cordate, cuspidate. ...0 ... © ee. (see Vee Yiaee wee

Krauss (fructifera ). i “i

Has. Et a in woods, Port Natal, Krauss. 110. Gueinzius, 432. Cooper,

1227. July. (Herb. Sd., D.) : ice aus

Leaves penninerved, in our specimens 7-8 inches long, 3 inches broad, not g

Raceme about 16-20-flowered. Calyx 3-3} lines, teeth 14 line long. Tube of the

corolla 24 inches, lobes 7-8 lines long, subulate. Fil. short ; anthers exserted. Berry

pomiform, 1 inch or more long, glabrous, crowned by the calyx lobes, 2-celled, many-

seeded. Seeds ovate, compressed. Very similar to 0. speciosus, DC.

2. 0. Gerrardi (Sond.); branches and calyx glabrous ; leaves elliptic-

| -

4 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Stylocoryne.

lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, glabrous, but bearded in the axils of

the nerves beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate, twice longer than the

petiole; racemes axillary, corymbose, dense-flowered ; teeth of calyx sub-

ulate, shorter than the tube ; tube of corolla 6-8 times shorter than the

leaves ; style exserted.

Has. Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 1389; Cooper, 1102; Sander. 616. Feb.-Mar. (Hb. D.)

A large shrub, sometimes alow tree. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 2-23 inches broad,

shining, penninerved, nerves in the axils with a tuft of whitish hairs, Racemes

25-30-flowered, flowers white. Calyx 2 lines long. Tube of corolla 1 inch, the

long pointed lobes 4-5 lines long. ‘This comes very near 0. Natalensis, but differs

in the short tube of the corolla, :

3. 0. latifolius (Sond.); branches, leaves, and calyx quite glabrous ;

leaves ovate-cordate, cuspidate, quite entire ; stipules 3-angular-ovate, acu-

minate, twice longer than the petiole; racemes axillary, lax-flowered ;

teeth of calyx subulate, about equalling the tube ; tube of corolla one-

half shorter than the leaves, style exserted.

Has. Umgena, Port Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 718. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A very handsome shrub or low tree, with fragrant white flowers. Leaves 6-8

inches long, 4-5 inches broad, penninerved, paler on the underside. Flowers as in

O. Natalensis, from which it is distinguished by the much broader, subcordate leaves.

III. STYLOCORYNE, Cavan. (Richd.)

Calyxz-tube ovate-globose ; limb short, tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla

salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens

5, inserted in the mouth of the tube of the corolla; anthers linear, very

long. Style exserted ; stigma clavate, undivided, or the lobes are closely

consolidated. Berry globose, crowned by the calyx, dry, 2-celled ;

placentas spongy, adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, angular,

rugulose. Albwmen rather cartilaginous. Embryo long. Stylocoryne et

Cupia, DC. prod. 4, p. 377, 393. Ceriscus Nees ab Esenb.

Trees or unarmed shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval or oblong, petiolate. Stipules

broad at the base, acuminated atthe apex, 1-nervedinthe middle. Peduncles axillary,

corymbose. Name from orvdos, astyle, and xopuyn, a club, in reference to the cla-

vate stigma,

1. S. cuspidata (E. Mey.) ; shrubby, unarmed, glabrous ; branches

subangular; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, narrowed to both ends, mem-

branous ; corymbs axillary on longish peduncles, trichotomous ; pedicels

and calyx adpressed-puberulous, at length glabrous, bracteated; berry

globose, 6-8 seeded, shorter than the pedicels.

Has. Port Natal, Drege, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 136, April. (Herb. D., Sd.

_ Alarge shrub. Stipules with a 3-lines oe pala ie 6-8 et long, 2-3

inches broad, penninerved and strongly veined, green on both sides, tapering at the

base, cuspidate, acuminate at the apex. Petiole 4-1 inch. Peduncles several inches

long. Corymb with spreading branches and pedicels. Flowers not developed in

Berry about the size of a pea, black, shini

bee eas in 8. W Rich, ) ng, the inner structure

IV. GARDENIA, Ellis.

Calyx tube ovate, often ribbed ; limb tubular, truncate toothed, cleft

or parted. Corolla tubulose or subeampanulate, hypocrateriform ; limb

Gardenia. } RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 5

twisted in estivation, but afterwards spreading, 5-9 parted. Anthers

5-9, linear, nearly sessile in the naked throat of the corolla, or exser-

ted. Style long; stigma clavate, bifid, or bidentate. Ovary 1-celled,

half divided by 2—5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned

by the calyx, imperfectly 2-5 celled. Seeds minute, immersed in fleshy

parietal placente. DC. 1. ¢. 4, p. 379. Hndl. Gen. n. 3305.

Trees or shrubs unarmed or spinescent, Leaves opposite or rarely in whorls,

ovate or oval, Flowers generally white, solitary, axillary, or terminal, sweet

scented. Named after Alexander Garden, M.D. of Charlestown, South Carolina,

one of the correspondents of Ellis and Linnzeus.

1, Eu-Gardenia. Calyzx-tube ribbed. Corolla tube cylindrical (1) florida.

2. Kumbaga. Calyx-tube not ribbed : limb equally toothed or

lobed, rarely truncate. (or. tube cylindr. or campanulate.

Corolla-tube bell-shaped, villous (2) globosa.

Corolla salver-shaped :

EDAYOR ODOVRLO; 60 sc rk ck ess eee aa ee (ete

Leaves elliptical-lanceolate :

Cor.-tube 2ce as long ascalyx ... ... ... ... «+. (3) citriodora,

Cor,-tube 4-times as long as calyx... ... ... ... (4) Gerrardiana,

3. Piringa. Calyx-tube not ribbed ; limb tubular, leafy, cleft

down one side. Cor. salver-shaped (6) Thunbergia.

4. Rothmannia. Calyz-tube ribbed or angular. Corolla dila-

ed upwards, or nearly funnel-shaped ... ... ... ... «- (7) Rothmannia.

1. G. florida (Linn. spec. 305); shrubby, unarmed, erect ; leaves ellip-

tical, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, almost terminal, sessile ;

calycine segments vertical, lanceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the

corolla in length; berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. Bot. Reg. t. 449.

G. jasminoides, Sal. Phil. Trans. 52, t. 20. Jasm. Capense, Mill. t. 180.

Has. Cultivated, native of China, Nov. Dec. (Herb. Th., Sd.)

Shrub 2-6 feet. Flowers large, white, 5-9-parted, often double. Berry 5-6

angled, 5-6 celled at the base, 1-celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a

pigeon’s egg; the pulp is used for dyeing yellow.

2. G. globosa (Hochst Flora, vol. 25, p. 237); leaves shortly petio-

late, lanceolate, quite glabrous ; stipules acute, short ; flowers terminal

or subaggregated, subsessile; limb of calyx shortly 5-toothed; tube of

corolla campanulate, villous on both surfaces, lobes broadly ovate, acute,

spreading; ovary oblong, fruit globose. B. M.t. 4791. Harv. Thes. t. 5.

Has. Sea coast, Natal, to 1200 ft. Krauss, 467; Gueinzius, 130, 546. Gerr. §

M‘K. 714. J. Sanderson, joo. (Herb. D. Sd.), Aug. Oct.

A low tree or shrub, unarmed, glabrous, except in the leaf buds, young leaves, and

inflorescence. Leaves 2—4 inches long, about 1 inch broad, acute at each end, or

bluntish, glossy, penninerved, nerves reddish. Flowers on veryshort pedicels. Calyx

tube 2 lines long, minutely pubescent, limb campanulate with rigid teeth. Corolla

white, striated with pink lines (Gerrard), the tube 1 inch long, 4 inch broad, lobes

4lines long. Fruit as large as a walnut.

3. G. citriodora (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4987) ; leaves petiolate, ellipti-

cal-lanceolate, subacuminate, glabrous ; stipules from a broad base subu-

late-acuminate ; corymbs axillary, shorter than the leaves; lobes of calyx

lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla salver-shaped ; tube twice longer than

the calyx, glabrous ; lobes obovate, obtuse ; fruit oval. Mitriostigma

axillare, Hochst! 1. ¢.

6 RUBIACEE (Sond.) (Gardenia.

Has. Near D’Urban, Natal, Krauss; Gueinzius ; Gerrard, 716. (Herb. D.)

A glabrous unarmed shrub several feet high, with green spreading branches.

Leaves 2-4 inches long, ?-14 inch broad, acute or bluntish, penninerved. Stipules

broad at the base, 3 lines long. Flowers white. Calyx with subulate bracts at the

base, turbinate, limb campanulate, lobes ciliate. Tube of corolla } inch, lobes 4~5

lines long. Style exserted, stigma mitreform. Fruit as large as a small cherry.

4, G. Gerrardiana (Sond. & Harv.) ; leaves shortly petiolate, elliptical-

lanceolate, acute or subobtuse, glabrous ; stipules short, acute ; flowers

terminal, solitary; tube of calyx campanulate, with short, acute, ciliate

teeth; corolla salver-shaped, tube cylindrical, nearly 4 times longer than

the calyx, lobes obovate, obtuse.

Has. Near D’Urban, Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 713. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Ultimate branches greyish, very short. Leaves coriaceous, glossy, scarcely paler

on the lower surface, and obsoletely penninerved, about 2 inches long, 9 lines broad.

Calyx turbinate, minutely bracteolate at the base, 5 lines long, the broad acute teeth

1line long. Cor.-tube 1} inch long, lobes 10 lines long, 4-5 lines broad, minutely

downy on both surfaces. Anthers and stigma subexserted.

5. G. Neuberia (E. Z.! 2289); glabrous, spinescent ; branches and

spines opposite, divergent ; leaves opposite or pseudo-fasciculate, sub-

sessile, obovate, acute, or bluntish, shining above ; stipules very short,

acute; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; tube of calyx campanulate,

with short, acute, ciliate teeth; corolla salver-shaped, tube clavate,

twice longer than the calyx, lobes obovate, obtuse; fruit oval. Hyper-

anthus floridus, E. Mey.

Has. Woods of the Zuureberge mts. near Enon, and on Grasrugg Uit. F. ¢ Z.

Drege. Howisonspoort, Zeyh. 2703. Fl. Nov. Fr. Mart. (Herb. Sd.)

Branches greyish-white, terete, the ultimate very short. Spines from 4-1 inch.

Leaves numerous on the short branches, tapering into the very short petiole, 1-2

inches long, }~1 inch broad, a little paler and scarcely penninerved beneath. Calyx

with 2 very small basal bracts, § lines long, turbinate at base, teeth 1 line long.

Flowers uncial, the lobes a little shorter than the tube, minutely downy on both

surfaces. Anthers and stigma subexserted. Fruit as large as a cherry, crowned by

the cylindrical, 5-toothed calyx. Near G. amena. Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1904.

6. G. Thunbergia (L. fil. suppl. 162); unarmed, much divided ;

leaves elliptic, tapering at both ends, petiolate, veined, glabrous ;

flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx tubular, foliaceous, cleft at

one side, with leaf-like appendages ; corolla tubular, salver shaped,

lobes 8, obtuse ; fruit ovate. Thunb. diss. Gardenia, n. 3. Bot. Mag.

t. 1004. Thunbergia Capensis, Montin. act. Holm. 1773, t. 11.

Has. Forests of the Krakakamma and Oliphant’s Hoek, Uitenhage. JZ. Z. 2287.

Zeyh. 2704. Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 717. Jan-Feb. (Herb. D., Sond.)

Height of trunk, from 8-10 feet ; diameter from 10-12 inches. Bark smooth,

greyish white. Wood hard. Leaves 4-6 inches long ; on the flowering branches

smaller, and often as broad as long. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Tube of calyx

1 inch, of the corolla 2}-3 inches long ; lobes of corolla 1 inch or more long. An-

thers and stigma exserted. Fruit 2-24 inches long, smooth, white, very hard,

almost woody, imperfectly 5-celled, many seeded,

7. G. Rothmannia (L. fil. suppl. p. 165); unarmed ; branches angu-

lar, rough; leaves on very short petioles, oblong, acute, glabrous ;

flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; calyx cylindrical, ribbed, hairy with-

in, 5-cleft, its segments filiform, acute ; corolla with an obconical tube,

Randia.]} : RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 7

a campanulate throat, and spreading acute segments; fruit ovate, fleshy,

costate, 2-valved, 2-celled, many seeded. Thunb. diss. Gd.n. 6. Bot. M.

t.690. H. Z,2288. Rothmannia Capensis, Th, act. Holm.t776, p.65,f. 2.

Has. Woods, Swellendam, George, Uitenhage ; Natal. Jan.—Feb. (Hb. D., Sd.)

Tree ; stem 15~30 feet high. Wood very hard. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 1-1}

inch broad, coriaceous, veiny. Flowers white, spotted with red, sweet scented,

calyx 1 inch and more, the corolla 3 inches long. Fruit nearly 14 inch in diameter.

V. RANDIA, Linn.

Calyx-tube obovate, limb 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short

tube; limb 5-parted, twisted in estivation. Anthers sessile within the

tube of the corolla, included. Stigmas 2, thick. Berry nearly dry,

crowned by the calyx, corticate, 2-celled. Seeds many in each cell,

fixed to a central placenta, wingless, imbedded in the pulp, or imbrica-

ted downwards. Albumen cartilaginous. Hmbryo straight, with a terete

radicle, and orbicular flat cotyledons. DOC. 1. c. 4, p. 384. Endl. Gen.

N. 3304,

Much branched small trees or shrubs, with axillary opposite or subverticillate

thorns. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Flowers almost sessile ; usually solitary,

rising from the axils of the leaves. Named after Isaac Rand, once a demonstrator

of botany at the Chelsea botanic garden.

Peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than calyx ; anth. linear, acute ... (1) rudis.

Pedune. 2-3 fi, longer than calyx; anth. oblong ... ... ...... (2) Kraussii.

1. RB. rudis (E. Meyer); unarmed, young branches minutely downy ;

leaves fasciculate, obovate, suborbicular or elliptic, obtuse or subacute,

cuneate at the base, glabrous or minutely downy beneath, on very short

petioles ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, shorter than the calyx ; tube

of calyx obconical, lobes obovate, obtuse ; corolla funnel-shaped, limb

erect, spreading with oblong flat lobes; anthers linear, acute ; fruit

sub-globose, 10-ribbed. Harv. Thes. t. 34. Heinsia Capensis, Buek in

herb. Ecklon. Gardenia microcarpa, Hochst. in pl. Krauss.

Var. a. Calyx glabrous.

Var, y. Calyx setulose or scabrous. R. parvifolia, Harv. Thes. t. 35.

Has. Mts. near Enon, near Grahamstown, Karregarivier, and between Hoff-

mann’s KI. and Driefontein, Drege, Zeyh. 2710, H. Hutton, E.G Z. Var. 8. Natal,

Krauss, 314,347. Gueinzius, 117, 555. J. Sanderson, 266, 199. Sept. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A rigid shrub, with erect, spreading, greyish branches. Stipules on the young

twigs broadly ovate. Leaves 3-1 inch long, when young often minutely downy.

Peduncles very short. Calyx 2 lines long, tube about as long as the spathulate,

obtuse, or mucronulate lobes. Corolla $ inch long. Fruit the size of a pea, black.

I cannot regard Var. y. as a distinct species, the leaves being often larger than in

Var. a. In many specimens collected by Ecklon and Zeyher, the calyx lobes are

evidently mucronulate and not quite glabrous.

2. R. Kraussii, (Harv. Thes. t. 33.); unarmed or rarely spinous ;

young branches minutely downy ; leaves obovate or elliptic-obtuse,

cuneate at the base, glabrous, netted beneath, on very short petioles ;

peduneles axillary, 2-3 flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx ; tube of

calyx ovate, glabrous, lobes obovate, obtuse ; corolla minutely downy,

tube very short, lobes broadly obovate, obtuse, undulate ; anthers oblong ;

fruit globose. Randia Lachnosiphonium, Hochst, Flora, 1842, 237-

Lachnosiphonium obovatum, Hochst. ! l. c. p. 238.

8 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [ Hedyotis.

Has. Natal, Krauss. 129. Sanderson, 200. Gueinzius, 120; Gerr. § M‘K. 864.

(Herb. Sd., D.)

A shrub 8-12 feet high. Axillary spines }-1 inch long. Leaves 1}-2 inches long,

1 inch or more in width, tapering into a short petiole, glabrous or nearly so. Stipules

short, acute, very broad at the base. Pedicels 6-8 lines long. Tube of calyx 3 lines,

the veined limb 2 lines long. Corolla white, tube shorter than the calyx, with a

hairy ring in the throat, segments patent, 6-8 lines in diameter. Stigma bifid. Fruit

when dry very hard, the size of a small walnut, crowned by the limb of the calyx.

TRIBE Il.—HEDYOTIDEE (Gen. VI.)

VI. HEDYOTIS, Lam,

Calyz-tube ovate or subglobose, limb 4-, rarely 5-toothed. Corolla

tubular, limb 4-, rarely 5-lobed, throat villous or glabrous. Stamens ex-

serted a little, or sessile within the tube. Stigma simple or bifid. Cap-

sule subglobose, membranous, crowned with the distant calycine lobes,

2-celled, dehiscing at the summit. Seeds very numerous, minute, affixed

to a subglobose placenta. Wgyht. et Arn. Prodr. Fl. penins. Ind, or. 1, 407.

Small herbaceous plants with opposite leaves, setulose stipules, and axillary or ter-

minal, 1-2 or many-flowered, corymbose or somewhat spiked, often long peduncles.

Name from f5us, sweet, ovs, an ear ; the leaves are oval, soft, and firm, and have

been compared to ears. .

Leaves suborbicular or spathulate ... ... ... ... ... ... (18) tenella,

Leaves small (ovate, lanceolate, linear.) :

a, Corolla with short tube and 4-cleft limb :

Flowers densely corymbose ... ... ... ... «.. (4) chlorophylla,

Flowers capitate ... 0... 0... iprteae (2) cephalotes,

Fl. cymose; perennial ; stem and lvs. pubescent ;

in fl. glabrous Sk Wee” ae (3) Gerrardi,

Pedicels axillary, 1-2 flowered.

Annual, pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx (5) scabrida.

Annual, pedicels as long or shorter than the

calyx, leaves six lineslong ... ... .... (4) Capensis,

Suffruticose, pedicels geminate ; lvs, 14 inch long (6) geminifiora,

b, Corolla with a long terete tube and 4-lobed limb :

1, Flowers terminal, umbellate ... ... .... .... (12) Amatymbica.

2, Flowers terminal, tufted or densely panicled :

Fruit papillose-scabrous .. Sarees ee

pepe vey salle ag. SO Seen a es ee

3, Flowers axillary, or loosely panicled, fruit smooth.

(11) thymifolia,

(16) Natalensis.

Annual, scabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate ... (9) brachyloba.

Annual, glabrous, or nearly so :

_ Lys. lance-linear, flat... .. ¢. (8) Heynei.

Lys. narrow-linear, with revolute margins (10) stricta.

Lys. ovate-subcordate, flat ... ... ... (14) rupicola,

Perennial ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate (1 inch) (13) decumbens,

Perennial ; lvs. hairy-scabrous, ovate ... ... (15)

Suffruticose ; leaves with a recurved mucro.,. (7) setifera.

¢, Corolla '§-lohed |. cis vi an a ae ee POR

a, Oldenlandia; corolla with a short tube and a 4-cleft limb. (Sp. 1-6.)

' 1, HL. chlorophylla (Hochst. in Flora, 1844); suffruticose, erect, stem

terete or subangular, smooth or a little scabrous; leaves lanceolate or

ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved, yellowish-green, subscabrous ; stipules on

both sides of 5 or 7 bristles ; flowers aggregated in a terminal dense co-

rymb,; calyx 4-fid, lobes subulate, recurved at the apex; corolla equal-

ling the calyx, throat hairy,

Pail

Hedyotis. | RUBIACE (Sond.) :

Has. Between Natalbai and Umlaas River, and on the Table Mts. Nov.—Dec

Krauss, 39, 53. J. Sanderson, 399. Gueinzius, 125. G.G MK. 1579, pte. (Hb.S8d.,D.

Stem 1 foot or higher, simple or a few branched. Leaves sessile, 14-2 inches long

6-9 lines broad, the upper more distant and smaller. Corymb many flowered, 1 0

2 inches in diameter. Pedicels with subulate bracts, as long as or shorter than th:

calyx. Tube of the calyx 1 line long, equalling the lobes, Fruit unknown.

2. H. cephalotes (Hochst.! 1. ¢.); herbaceous, ascending, quite gla-

brous and smooth ; stem nearly terete, branched ; leaves small, ovato-

lanceolate, 3-nerved, with revolute margins; stipules bifid, ciliate ;

Jlowers terminal, capitate ; calyx 4-fid, lobes mucronate, as long as the

hispid tubes; corolla equalling the calyx; capsule subglobose, pilose.

Has. D’Urban, Natal, Krauss, 111 ; J. Sanderson, 321 ; Gerr. ¢ M‘K, 588, 589.

Nov. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Habit of Epilobium. Root creeping. Stem 1-2 feet. Leaves acute at both ends,

8-10 lines long, 2-3 lines broad. Capitulum as large as a small hazel nut, Calyx

1 line long ; tube as long as the teeth.

3. H. Gerrardi (Sond.); perennial; stems erect, as well as the leaves

scabrous, with short spreading hairs ; leaves linear, mucronate, with

revolute margins; stipules of many bristles; flowers disposed in a

cymose panicle ; peduncle, pedicels, and flowers glabrous ; calyx-lobes

ovato-lanceolate, equalling the tube of the shortly tubulose corolla ;

style as long as the corolla; anthers linear-oblong.

Has. Zulu, Natal, W. T. Gerrard, April; Gerr, & M‘K. 1366. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem very leafy, from minute branchlets in the axils of the leaves, 3-4 inches

high. Leaves 8-10 lines long, 1 line broad. The upper or flower-bearing part of

about the same length as the leafy stem, but not hairy. Panicle erect. Pedicels

unequal, 1-4 lines long. Calyx 1 line long; tube subglobose, a little shorter than

the acuminate lobes. Corolla 4-fid; lobes short, acute. Stamens inserted in the

middle of the tube. Style glabrous. Fruit unknown.

4. H. Capensis (Lam. ill. n. 1425); annual; stem angular, much

branched, decumbent, scabrous, hairy, or villous ; leaves linear, acute,

with revolute margins ; stipules on both sides, with 2 or 3 sete; pedi-

cels axillary, numerous, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, and as long

or shorter than the calyx; calyx 4-, rarely 5-fid, lobes subulate, ciliated,

nearly as long as the tube ; corolla a little longer than the calyx; throat

villous ; fruit glabrous. Oldenlandia Capensis, Thunb. ! fl. cap. p. 147.

Has. Sandy places near Koopmansrivier, Thumb. ; on the Witrivier, near Enon,

Drege, 7659 ; Campground, Sir C. Bunbury; Paarl. Dee.-Feb. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Branches 4-6 inches long, diffuse. Leaves about 6 lines long, hairy, sometimes

subglabrous. Pedicels shorter or as long as the calyx. Corolla white. Stigma cla-

vate. (Thunb.) Capsule 1 line long, subglobose.

5. H. scabrida (Sond.); annual; stem quadrangular, branched, sub-

erect, scabrous on the angles ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute,

subglabrous ; stipules on both sides with 3 or 4 sete ; pedicels axillary,

solitary or subaggregated, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, but 3 times

longer than the calyx ; calyx 4-fid, lobes subulate, subciliated, nearly as

long as the tube ; corolla a little longer than the calyx, throat hairy ;

fruit glabrous, Oldenlandia scabrida, DC. prodr. 4, p. 425. Kohautua

Dregeana, Presl. in herb. Drege ? (imperfect specimen. )

10 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Hedyotis

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius,123. (Herb. Sond.)

Very nearly allied to the preceding, but easily distinguished by the lax habit,

longer branches, glabrous, somewhat longer and broader leaves (8-10 lines long, 14-2

lines broad), and the pedicels. The flower and fruit are not different. Stigma bitid.

6. H. geminiflora (Sond. in Linn. xxiii. p. 51); suffruticose, stem

and branches angular, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, some-

what scabrous, with revolute margins ; stipules membranous, with 4-6

sete ; pedicels axillary, in pairs, 1-flowered, in fruit deflexed, about as

long as the calyx ; lobes of the calyx subulate, a little longer than the

tube, scabrous ; corolla equalling the calyx ; fruit glabrous.

Has. Grassy places on the Magalisberg, Nov. Zeyh. 756. (Herb. Sd., D.)

A foot and more high, much branched. Leaves 14 inch long, 14-2 lines wide.

Pedicles scabrous, 2 lines long. Calyx 4-fid. Lobes of the corolla nearly as long

as the tube. Capsule subglobose.

b. Kohautia. Corolla with a long terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb. (Sp. 7-16.)

7. H. setifera (Sond.) ; suffruticose, erect, terete, branched ; branches

subcompressed or rib-furrowed, puberous, or a little scabrous; leaves

linear or linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, cuspidately mucro-

nate, mucro recurved, glabrous ; stipules cleft into 6 spreading bristles

on both sides, which are longer than the membrane; corymbs few-

flowered, laxly panicled; pedicels erect, in fruit 2-4 times longer than

the calyx; lobes of the calyx a little longer than the tube, smooth ; tube

of the corolla elongate, terete, with short, oval lobes ; fruit glabrous.

Oldenlandia Caffra, E.Z.! 2291. Kohautia setifera, DC. l.c. 4.p. 430.

Var. 8. pubescens, leaves and the lower part of the stem pubescent.

Hap. Stony places near the Zwartkopsrivier, L. § Z.; Zeyh. 2705; Natal, J. San-

derson, 400, 138, 270, T. Williamson, var. 8. near D’Urban. Gerr. & M‘K. 582.

Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem 4-1 foot high, with erect-spreading branches. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 1-2

lines broad, Pedicels rarely solitary, mostly geminate, or 3-4 aggregated in the up-

per part of the branches, unequal, glabrous. Calyx 1 line long, with subulate teeth.

Corolla nearly 3 lines long. Capsule globose, smooth.

8. H. Heynei (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 867); annual or biennial, quite

glabrous ; stem erect, branched; leaves lance-linear, acute; stipules of

2 or 3 very short bristles; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, capillary, about

_as long as the leaves ; corolla funnel-shaped; tube 3-4 times longer

than the calycine lobes; styles subexserted, a little longer than the

anthers ; capsule subglobose. Wght. ¢ Arn. Prod. p. 416.

Has. Zulu, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1365. (Herb. D., Sd.)

About 1 foot high; branches erect, spreading. Leaves 6-8 lines long, } line

broad. Stipules cupular, with minute bristles. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white,

2 lines long. Limb of corolla 3 times shorter than the tube. Anthers oblong, sessile

in the throat. Capsule 1 line long. The leaves are somewhat narrower than in

East Indian specimens collected by Dr. Hooker and Thompson, but there are no

other differences.

9, H. brachyloba (Sond. in Linn. vol xxiii. p. 50) ; annual, scab-

vous, branches subcompressed ; leaves dinear-lanceolate, with subrevo-

lute margins; stipules cleft into 3~4 bristles on both sides, which are

shorter than the membrane; panicle lax, dichotomous ; flowers sessile

Hedyotis. | RUBIACE& (Sond.) 11

and pedicellate ; teeth of the calyx twice shorter than the tube ; corolla

with very long tube and linear-oblong lobes ; fruit smooth.

Has. Komseep, near Springbokkeel. Feb, Zeyh. 761. (Herb. Sd.,D.)

A span high, beset with minute tubercles. Root longish, simple. Leaves 1 inch

long, 2 lines broad, 1-nerved. Panicle subcorymbose, 3-4 inches long. Flowers

geminate, one sessile or nearly so, the other on a 2-4 lines long pedicel. Bracteoles

minute, Corolla 5-6 lines long ; the lobes 1 line long, } line broad. Capsule glo-

bose, crowned by the minute calyx-teeth, 1 line long.

10. H. stricta (Smith, Rees’s Cyclop. vol. 17, no. 21); annual, smooth

or a little tubercled; branches erect, subcompressed ; leaves narrow-

linear, with revolute margins; stipules joined to the petioles by a very

narrow margin, furnished each with 2 short bristles; flowers trichoto-

mously corymbose; pedicels unequal; teeth of the calyx shorter than

the tube; corolla with very long tube and oblong lobes, fruit smooth.

Kohautia stricta, DC. 1. ¢. p. 430. K. thymifolia, LE. Mey. in Hb. Drege.

b. non a.

Has. Winterveld and Nieuweveld, Drege. ; Taba Uncha, Gamkariver, Springbok-

keel, Zeyh. 759, 760. Namaqualand, 4. Wyley, DecJan. (Herb. D., Sd.)

ery nearly allied to H. brachyloba, but differs in the more straight habit, narrower

leaves (1 inch long, 4 line broad), which are quite smooth and glabrous, somewhat

larger flowers and fruit. The cyme or corymbose panicle is about 1 inch long.

Calyx 1 line, the tube of corolla 6 lines, the lobes 2 lines long. Capsule 1 lines long.

11. H. thymifolia (Presl.! Bot. Bemerk. p. 85) ; suffruticose, scabrous;

branches erect, quadrangular; leaves linear, acute, with revolute mar-

gins; bristles of stipules 2, setaceous; panicle 2-3-chotomous, many-

flowered ; flowers sessile and pedicellate; teeth of the calyx as long as

the tube; corolla with a very long tube and oblong lobes; fruit subglo-

bose, papillate-scabrous. H. thymifolia, B. Mey. in Herb. Dr. a, c. non, 6.

Has. On the Zwartkops. and the Garip, Drege; Vaalriver and Taba Uncha, Zeyh.

757; Namaqualand, A. Wyley, Rev. H. Whitehead. Sept.—Dec. (Herb, Sd., D.)

1~14 foot high; stem, branches, leaves, pedicels, and calyx scabrous from minute,

acute tubercles. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 1 line broad. Bristles of the stipules as

long or longer than the membrane. Pedicels 3-4 times longer than the fruit. Corolla

7-8 lines long. Capsule the size of a small pea, crowned by the subulate calyx-lobes.

12, H. Amatymbica (Hochst. in pl. Krauss.); perennial, glabrous,

glaucescent ; stem erect, much compressed, simple or branched ; leaves

narrow linear, cuspidate, canaliculate above ; bristles of stipules 3,

setaceous; flowers terminal, wmbellate ; teeth of the calyx as long as the

tube ; corolla with a very long tube and oblong lobes; fruit subglobose,

smooth. Kohautia Amatymbica, LE. & Z.!2292. K.7657. Hb. Drege.

Has. Katriviers and Winterberg, Keyrivier, Caffraria ; Zwartehoogdens, Albany,

E. & Z. Zeyh. 758, Col. Bolton, Zuurebergen, Drege; Port Natal, Gueinzius, 35. J.

Sanderson, 245. Magalisberg, Burke § Zeyh. Apl. Jul. Oct. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Root ndicular. Stem 1-14 foot. Leaves 14-3 inches long, 1 line broad.

Umbel 6-10-flowered. Calyx about 2 lines long, the teeth subulate. Tube of the

corolla 1 inch, lobes 3-4 lines long. Capsule as large as a pea, didymous, crowned

with the 4, rarely 5, rather shorter calyx-teeth.

13. H. decumbens (Hochst.! 1. c. p. 67); perennial, glabrous; stem

decumbent, hexagonal ; branches erect, dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate,

12 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Zedyotis.

acute at the base, scabrous, hairy above; stipules joining the petioles,

truncate, ciliate ; peduncles solitary, axillary and terminal, 1-flowered,

often trifid, pedicels 4—5 times, tube of the corolla 3 times longer than

the calyx, expanded at the throat; lobes acute; fruit globose, smooth.

Kohautia longiflora, E. Mey. non DC.

Has. Natal, Drege, Krauss, 305. Gueinzius, 470. R. W. Plant, 64. Gerr.g M‘K,

583. Jul. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Branches 4—1 foot or longer. Leaves about 1 inch long, 3-4 lines broad, adpressed-

hairy, sometimes glabrous above, ciliated at the base; upper ones smaller, bract like.

Peduncles longer than the leaves, 3-1 inch long, the pedicels spreading, about twice

shorter. Corolla 2 lines long, glabrous in the throat, the 4 lobes acute, anthers sub-

exserted. Capsule crowned with the short calyx-teeth.

14, H. rupicola (Sond.); annual, glabrous; stems ascending ; leaves

shortly petiolate, ovate, subcordate, acute, a little scabrous above ; stipules

of many bristles ; cymes corymbose, terminal, few-flowered ; pedicels

short ; calyx scabrous ; lobes ovate, acute, 4 times shorter than the

corolla; style subexserted.

Has. Rocky places, Tagoma, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1364. Feb. (Herb. D.)

A small herb, about a span high, with the habit of 1. (Lucya ) tuberosa, Linn,

Leaves 5-6 lines long, 4 lines broad, more or less cordate at base ; the margins

revolute. Cymes 9-12-fl. Corolla white, 4 lines long; the lobes oblong; the throat

hairy. Anthers inclosed. Style bifid at the apex. Capsule nearly 14 line long,

crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds black, punctate.

15. H. hirtula (Harv.); perennial? decumbent or prostrate, closely

much-branched ; leaves ovate, acute, cuneate at base, petiolate, flat,

roughly hispid with short, swollen hairs; stipules with 2-4 sete; pedicels

axillary, very short; calyx-lobes ovate, hispid, equalling the tube ;

corolla-tube 2-3 times as long as the calyx, lobes oblong, hispid on

both sides ; fruit hispid. :

Has. On trees, Krauss Kloof, J. Sanderson, 605. (Herb. D.)

A small plant, 3-4 inches long, with the aspect of 7. ternervia, but rough with

white, swollen, papilleform hairs. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 2-3 wide; petiole 1~1}

line long. Pedicels 1-1} line long. Corolla-tube 3-4 lines long. FI. white.

16. H. Natalensis (Hochst. 1. c. p. 67); perennial? stem erect, tetra-

gonal, few-branched, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous

above, pubescent, at length glabrous beneath ; stipules with 2 short

deciduous bristles; flowers terminal, fasciculate; pedicels much shorter,

tube of the corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, lobes ovate ; fruit

ovato-globose, smooth. Crusea ? acuminata, HE. Mey.

Between Morley and Omtata, and near Port Natal, Drege, Krauss., Cooper,

1083 ; Kreilis Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker. Feb.-Apl. (Herb. D., Sd.)

More than a foot high. Leaves about 14-2 inches long, 5-6 lines broad. Three

flowers aggregated at the top of the terminal branchlets. Calyx with glabrous oval

tube 1 line long, terminated by the 3 times longer, linear, rigid-ciliate teeth. Corolla

a little hairy, swollen at the throat, Stamens subexserted. Capsule the size of a

pea. Seeds angular, punctate.

¢. Pentodon; flowers pentamerous. (Sp. 17.)

17, H. pentamera (Hochst.!); quite glabrous, stem decumbent or

creeping, tetragonal, dichotomously branched ; leaves ovato-lanceolate,

Vangueria. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 13

acute ; stipules with 1 or 2 bifid bristles; flowers axillary, racemose,

pedicels geminate, in fruit deflexed, 4-5 times longer than the shortly

toothed calyx ; corolla funnel-shaped, hairy inside, lobes acute ; fruit

ovato-globose, smooth. Pentodon decumbens, Hochst. l. c. p. 67.

Has. Natal, Drege, 4887; Krauss, 332, J. Sanderson ; Guienzius, 471; Ger. ¢

M‘K. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem 1 or 2 feet long. Leaves 14-2 inches long, } inch broad, acute at both ends.

Racemes simple, 5—10-flowered, or compound 12-16-flowered, on a peduncle as long

or longer than the leaf. Pedicels with a minute bract. Calyx 1 line long, the teeth

equalling the tube. Corolla 4 lines long, white ? limb ovate. Capsule truncate, didy-

mous, crowned by very short calyx teeth.

Doubtful species.

H. tenella (Hochst. 1. c. p. 68); glabrous, stem delicate, branched ;

leaves spathulate, suborbicular; stipules with many bristles; peduncles

axillary and terminal, 2-3-flowered ; tube of the corolla nearly twice

longer than the 4-cleft calyx, lobes ovate-elliptic, obtuse ; capsule ovate,

crowned with the triangular-ovate, recurved, spreading calyx-lobes,

Has. Table Mountains, near Port Natal. Dec. Dr. Krauss.

TRIBE IIJ._GUETTARDACEAE (Gen. VII.)

VII. VANGUERIA, Comm.

Calyz-tube short, obovate or hemispherical ; limb spreading, 5, rarely

4-toothed or parted. Corolla campanulate, 5, rarely 4-cleft, hairy

inside, lobes lanceolate, acute, reflexed. Stamens 5, or 4, with very short

filaments, and scarcely exserted, oblong acute anthers. Stigma capitate,

cylindrical, thick, or truncate at both ends, obtuse or toothed. Drupe

pomiform, when ripe not crowned with the calyx lobes, but marked by

a sinuated areola atthe summit, containing 5, or by abortion 4-2 bony,

1-seeded nuts, which are obtuse at the base and acute at the apex.

Seed aftixed to the middle of the inner angle of the cell, oblong. Albu-

men fleshy. Embryo large, inverted. DC. 1. c¢. 4, p. 454. Endl. gen.

n. 3191. Pachystigma, Hochst. Regenst. bot. Zeit, 1842, p.234. Lagynias,

E. Mey. in herb. Drege. :

Shrubs or small trees with ovate or oblong leaves, acute or lanceolate stipules, and

cymose or somewhat panicled white or reddish flowers. Name Voa

Vanguer, the Madagascar name of V. edulis.

Calyx 5-toothed, teeth about as long as the tube.

Leaves reticulated-veined ; stigma obtuse ... ... ... ... (1) infausta,

Leaves not retic.-veined ; stigma 4-5-toothed ... ... ... (2) parviflora.

Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes 2-4 times longer than the tube.

T pave todenime = coe. “eee es as one. ee ves | sew. (3) SRROPOORLE,

Leaves glabrous.

Corolla glabrous.

Leaves obovate or obovate-lanceolate ; cymesfew-flowered (4) venosa.

Leaves suborbicular or broad ovate; peduncle 3-flowered (6) latifolia.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate-acuminate ; flowers cymose ... (7) Zeyheri.

COMMMNN IONINE RATES: 256s. oie se tes sk steve ee (5) lnsiantha,

1, V. infausta (Burch. Trav. IT. p. 258 et 259, ¢. icon.) ; leaves shortly

petiolate, ovate or suborbicular, acute or subacuminate, tomentose, netted-

veined ; cymes axillary, panicled ; calyx-teeth tomentose, bluntish, 4

14 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Vangueria.

times shorter than the corolla; stigma obtuse. Sond. Linn. vol. 23, p. 57.

V. tomentosa, Hochst! Regenst. bot. Zeitg. 1842, p. 238.

Var. §. virescens, leaves green, glabrous or nearly so.

Has. Forests in Caffraria, H. Bowker ; Natal, Krauss, 219. J. Sanderson, 306.

T. Williamson, Drege, Gueinzius, 56. Vaalriver and Magalisberg, Zeyher, 764.

Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A tree about 10 feet high, unarmed, with terete and subcompressed, opposite

branches. Leaves quite entire, densely clothed with a yellowish tomentum, penni-

nerved, 4-5 inches long, 3-4 inches broad. Stipuleslarge, cuspidate. Cymes shorter

than the leaves, tomentose. Calyx subsessile ; the teeth acute or bluntish, shorter

than the tube. Corolla tomentose, 3 lines long, the lobes glabrous above. Ovary

5-celled, style filiform, equalling the stamens; stigma obtuse. Fruit round, glabrous,

an inch in diameter, edible. The variety is nearly allied to V. edulis, Vahl. This

is the ‘‘ Wild Medlar” of the colonists.

2. V. parvifolia (Sond. 1. c. p. 58) ; young branches reddish, as well

as the leaves and flowers velvetty-tomentose ; leaves subsessile, orbicu-

lar, subacute, penninerved, not netted-veined ; cymes axillary, sessile;

calyx-teeth acute, 4-times shorter than the corolla; ovary 5-celled, stigma

4—5-toothed.

Has. Magalisberg, Nov. Dec. Burke § Zeyher, 765. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Shrub with spreading terete branches. Leaves 12-14 lines long, 12 lines broad,

coriaceous. Cymes shorter than the leaves. Tube of calyx as long as the limb.

Corolla 24 lines long ; the lobes glabrous above. Style equalling the stamens; stigma

thick, cylindrical, a little larger at the minutely toothed apex. Fruit (half ripe) as

large as a small cherry, crowned by the rudiments of calyx teeth.

3. V. macrocalyx (Sond. 1 c. p. 59); young branches, leaves, and

flowers tomentose ; leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, acute, at length sub-

glabrous ; cymes axillary, subsessile, few-flowered, shorter than the

leaves; calyx teeth linear-oblong, obtuse, as long as the corolla; throat

of the corolla naked or nearly so; ovary 5-celled ; stigma obtuse.

Has. On the Zwartkopsrivier and Winterhoeksberge, Uit., Z. ¢ Z., Ebenac, 17;

Kreili’s country, H. Bowker ; Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1344. Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A shrub, 6-8 feet high. Leaves 13-2 inches long ; quite entire or subdenticu-

late ; the petiole 1-2 lines long. Peduncles bracteolate. Calyx tube 1 line long,

the lobes 3 lines long, 1 line broad. Corolla 2} lines long, the tube nearly glabrous

outwards, but silky near the base within, the throat quite glabrous, or with a few

hairs; lobes glabrous above, acute. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma asin V. infausta. The

ripe fruit as large as a common plum, 3-4 seeded, delicious eating. (W.7.Gerrard).

4. V, venosa (Sond.); leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or obovate-

lanceolate, obtuse, or subacute, pale and much veined beneath, as well as

the branches quite glabrous; cymes shortly pedunculate, few flowered ;

calyx lobes linear, obtuse ; corolla glabrous outside. Pachystigma veno-

sum, Hochst.l.c. Lagynvas discolor, H. Meyer.

Has. Port Natal, Krauss, 131. Gueinzius, 553. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Branches alternate and opposite, terete. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 8-10 lines

broad, tapering into the petiole, green above, whitish and netted-veined beneath.

Cymes shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels bracteate, hairy. Calyx

lobes 3 lines long. Corolla 3-4 lines long, lobes acuminate. Fruit nearly 1 inch

in diameter, globose, glabrous, with 5, or by abortion with 4 one-seeded nuts.

Seed oblong, curved, ¢ to a central placenta,

5. V. lasiantha (Sond.); leaves petiolate, oblong or ovate-oblong,

Alberta.] RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 15

subacute, discoloured, green and pellucid-veined above, greyish-white

beneath, glabrous, the young ones hairy on the nerves ; cymes shortly

pedunculate, branches divaricate, many-flowered ; calyx-lobes linear-

spathulate, obtuse ; corolla appressed-hairy. Pachystigma lasianthum,

Sond. Linnea, Vol. 23, p. 55.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 119, 549. J. Sanderson, 520, 658. Gerr. § M‘K. 851. Dec.

(Herb. Sond., D.)

Very nearly allied to V. venosa, but differs by larger, ovate, or oblong leaves on

longer petioles, many-flowered divaricate inflorescence, spathulate calyx-lobes and

hairy corolla. Leaves 2 inches long, about 1 inch wide; petiole 3-4 lines long.

Cymes 12-14 flowered, 1 inch long. Calyx lobes 24 lines long, } line broad. Coro

43 lines long, glabrous in the throat, but with reversed hairs in the tube; lobes

lanceolate-acuminate. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma thick, truncate at both ends.

6. V. latifolia (Sond.); leaves shortly petiolate, suborbicular or broad

ovate, discoloured, pale and netted-veined beneath, glabrous ; peduncles

axillary, 3-flowered, bibracteate, glabrous ; calyx glabrous or subpilose,

lobeslanceolate ; corollaglabrousoutside. Pachyst.latifolium, Sd. l.c.p. 56.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 115. T. Williamson, (Herb. Sond., D.)

Branches glabrous, terete or subcompressed. Leaves quite entire, 2 inches long,

1} inch wide, the petiole 1 line long. Stipules as in V. venosa and V. lasiantha.

Peduncle 6 lines long, at the summit with 3 flowers on very short pedicels. Bracts

ovate. Corolla n as in V. venosa. : ,

7. V. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate

at the base, quite glabrous, green, with prominent nerves and veins on

both sides ; cymes axillary, shorter than the leaves, glabrous as well

as the flowers; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla glabrous outside. Pachy-

stigma Zeyhert, Sond. l. c.

Has. Stony places in woods, Magalisberg. Nov. Zeyher, 766. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Shrub with opposite, glabrous branches. Stipules broad, cuspidate, about 2 lines

long. Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, 4-5 inches long, 12-14 lines broad, tapering

into a petiole 3-6 lineslong. Cymes opposite, 2 inches, the primary peduncle 1 inch

long; the pedicels bracteolate. Calyx 3 lines long; tube hemispherical, lobes twice

longer. Corolla 4 lines long, with a series of silky hairs in the tube ; the throat and

lobes glabrous. Ovary 5-celled, by abortion 2~3-celled. Style filiform; stigma

truncate at both ends. Drupe (unripe) ellipsoidal, glabrous, crowned with the

vestiges of the calyx-lobes. . ;

TRIBE IV.—ALBERTIEE (Gen. VIIL)

VII. ALBERTA, E. Meyer.

Calyx-tube turbinate, 10-ribbed; limb 5-fid, 3 lobes short, acute, 2

oblong, obtuse, in fruit much larger. Corolla elongated, tubular, incur-

ved; throat naked; limb 5-fid, with very short, erect, imbricate, acute

lobes. Stamens 5, included ; anthers sessile. Ovary 2-celled; ovules

solitary. Style filiform, exserted; stigma attenuated, very shortly bifid.

Fruit dry, ovate-oblong, 10-ribbed and furrowed, crowned with the 2

opposite, foliaceous, dilated, membranaceous, reticulate-veined, coloured

calyx lobes, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds oblong, convex at back,

flat in front. Albumen fleshy. Endl. gen. n. 3327.

A shrub or small tree with subsessile, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy

leaves, cuplike aristate stipules, terminal panicle, with cymose branches and pur-

plish, silky pubescent corollas. It is named in honour of Albertus Magnus, of the

16 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Canthiwm.

house of Bolstadt, a famous philosopher and theologian of the thirteenth century,

who wrote a treatise in seven books ‘* De Vegetabilibus et Plantis.”

1, A. magna (E. Mey. in Herb. Dreg.) Harv. Thes. Cap. p. 29, t. 45.

Has. On hills between Omsamcabe and Omsamculo, 1000-2000 feet, Drege ; Port

Natal, Gerrard & M‘Ken, No. 1358, Jan.—Feb. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Young branches reddish brown, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or

elliptical-oblong, 4-5 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, flat, with recurved margins,

penninerved. Panicle large. Pedicels pubescent, bracteate at the base. Calyx

shortly tomentose. Corolla 1 inch long, the segments obliquely ovate, acute. Sta-

mens inserted in the middle of the tube. Fruit oval, nearly 3 lines long, its scarlet,

winglike, larger, much veined lobes, 10-12 lines long, 2-3 lines broad.

TRIBE V.—COFFEACEZ (Gen. IX.-XIV.)

IX. CANTHIUM, Lam.

Calyx-tube ovate, limb short, 4—5 toothed. Corolla with a short tube,

a bearded throat, and 4-5 spreading lobes, with valvate estivation.

Anthers 4-5 in the throat, scarcely exserted. Style filiform, exserted,

Stigma undivided, thick, ovato-globose, or mitre-formed. Berry glo-

bose, or didymous, crowned with the calyx teeth, fleshy, 2-celled,

Seeds solitary in each cell. Albumen fleshy. DC. J. ¢. 4, p. 473.

Shrubs with spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves opposite, coriaceous. Stipules

solitary. Peduncles axillary, short, many-flowered. Canti is the Malabar name of

one of the species.

1, C. Gueinzii (Sond. Linnea, vol. 23, 1, p. 54); unarmed, branch-

lets pubescent ; leaves shortly petiolate, oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, sub-

cordate, netted-veined, veins pellucid, glabrous, shining above, a little

hairy on the nerves beneath ; cymes pedunculate, bifid, many-flowered,

4-times shorter than the leaves; peduncles, pedicels as well as the 5-toothed

calyx pubescent ; corolla glabrous outside, lobes revolute, as long as the

tube ; style exserted, stigma mitre-formed.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 71, 576. Gerr. & M‘K. 709. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Stipules broad, cuspidate-acuminate, hairy. Leaves reddish, 3}-4 inches long,

14-14 inch broad ; the petiole 2 lines long. Peduncle of the cyme half an inch; the

pedicels bracteolate. Calyx about 1 line long, with very short, teeth. Corolla

2% lines long; throat and tube bearded within ; lobes acute, revolute, as long as the

tube. Distinguished from the similar Canth. Cornelia, Cham. and Schl. ( Pavetta

Cornelia, Reichb. in Sieb. pl. Senegal) by the much larger leaves, petioles and calyx

not being villous, shorter calyx-teeth, and smaller flowers.

2. C. obovatum (Klotzsch. in E. Z. Enum. n, 2293); unarmed,

glabrous ; leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or elliptical, subacute at the

base, shining above, paler below, few-nerved ; cymes axillary, tricho-

tomous, many-flowered, shorter or equalling the leaves ; peduneles, pedi-

cels, and calyz glabrous; corolla glabrous, lobes revolute ; style exserted ;

stigma mitre-formed. Mitrastigma lucidum Harv.! in Lond. Jour. Bot.

vol. 1,p.20. Thes.Cap.t.22. Phallaria lucida, Hochst.! Flora, 1842,

p. 238. Psychotria obtusifolia, E. Mey. et Psychot, 2361. Herb, Drege.

Var. 8. pyrifolium ; leaves elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse at the base. . pyri-

folium Klotzsch, E. Z. 2294, et Ehretia? 62.

Has. In distr. Ui near Adow, Winterhoeksberg, Z. & Z. ; Glenfilling

and near Strandfontein and Matjesfontein, Dreye ; Van Stadesberg, Zeyh, 2706 ;

Plectronia. | RUBIACEE (Sond.) 17

Natal, Krauss, 178. Gueinzius, T. Williamson, Gerrard § M‘Ken. Var. 8B. in

Krakakamma, £. § Z. Jan.—Feb. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Shrub or tree 12-15 feet high, with tetragonal subcompressed branches. Stipules

cuspidate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, with revolute margins, and a gland at the base

of the lateral nerves. Cymes pedunculate. Calyx 1 line long, with very short teeth.

Corolla 2 lines long, §, rarely 4-parted, the lobes acute ; the inner surface of the

tube and throat hairy. Anthers subsessile, exserted. Style much exserted, Fruit

the size of a large pea, roundish, subcompressed, 1-2-seeded.

X. PLECTRONIA, L.

Calyz-tube obovate or oblong; limb with 5 short teeth. Corolla

subinfundibuliform, with a 5-parted limb, acute, reflexed segments val-

vate in bud, and a hairy or naked throat. Stamens 5, in the throat, sub-

exserted. Style short. Stigma subcapitate, of 2 approximate lamelle.

Berry fleshy, obovate-oblong, compressed, didymous, of 2 pyrene. Py-

rene indehiscent, 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Lam. ill. t. 146. Plectronia

et Psilostoma, Klotzsch. in E. Z. enum.

Shrubs or small trees with subspinous branches, ovate leaves, and axillary race-

mose or corymbose peduncles, with small flowers. Name from #Anxrpoy, a whip,

in allusion to the square branches. [Too nearly allied to Canthium, W. H. H.]

Throat bearded.

Leaves pale beneath ; petioles glabrous ... ... ... ... ... (1) ventosa.

Leaves one-coloured ; petioles pubescent ... ... ... ... ... (2) Mundtiana.

Throat naked.

Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered; tube of corolla as long as thelimb (3) parviflora.

Pedicels axill.,1-2-flowered ; tube of corollalongerthanthelimb (4) ciliata.

Pedicels axill., 5-12-fl.; tube of corolla shorter than the limb (5) spinosa.

1, P. ventosa (Linn. Mant. p. 52); glabrous, branches brachiate,

patent, spiny ; twigs quadrangular ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or

ovate-oblong, entire, subcoriaceous, pale on the lower surface ; corymbs

10—20-flowered; tube of the corolla conical, longer than the limb ;

throat bearded. Serissa Capensis, Thunb. l. c. p. 193, excl. syn. Cruse

Rubiac. cap. p. 20, t.2, E. Z.! 2297. Canthium Thunbergianum, Cham.

& Schl. in Linnea, 4, p.130. Burm. Afr. n. 257, t. 94-

Has. In woods and ravines throughout the Colony. Oct.-Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A ger ner feet ence -aagael from 6-10 oe a — Wood

ean oF subacuminate, 1-23 inches long. Petioles 4-6 lines oa glabrous.

Corymbs shorter than the leaves. Corolla about 3 lines long. Style equalling the

throat. Fruit about 5~6 lines long, 4 lines broad. Seeds oblong. Plectronia ven-

tosa, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 195, is Apodytes dimidiata, Benth. (Conf. vol. 1, p. 235).

_ 2. P, Mundtiana (Pappe Sylv. cap. p. 19); branches erect-spread-

ing, a little spiny ; twigs subangular ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate,

or elliptical, entire, membranaceous, one-coloured, petioles and middle

rib pubescent on the upper surface ; corymbs 5—r10-flowered ; tube ot

the corolla cylindrical, as long as the limb, throat bearded. Canthium

Mundtianum Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 4, p. 131. #. & Z./ 2295.

Herb. Un. Itin. No. 637. Drege, 6747.

Var. 8. pubescens (Cham. and Schl. 1. c.); branches and leaves softly pubescent.

Poet ifolia, Mundt. in Herb. E. § Z.

On the Table and Devil’s Mountain, Simon’s Bay, Grootvadersbosch, Plet-

VOL, It, 2

18 RUBIACE (Sond) | Plectronia.

tenbergsbay, and near Gnadenthal. Var. 8. near Witte-boome, Table Mountain.

Noy.—Dec. (Herb. 8d., D.)

Arborescent shrub, 5-8 feet high. Bark and wood white, Very similar to the

preceding, but branches more straight, less spiny, spines much shorter, not dis-

coloured leaves with hairy petioles, and smaller flowers.

8. P. pauciflora (Klotzsch. ! E, Z. n. 2300); glabrous, branches and

twigs terete ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, few-nerved, entire,

membranaceous, one-coloured; peduncles opposite, axillary, 2-flowered ;

tube of the corolla as long as the limb ; throat naked ; tube hairy in

the middle inside. Randia ? triplinervis, E. Meyer. in Herb. Drege.

Has. W., Plettenbergsbay, Mundt.; Natal, Drege. Cooper, 1165, Dec.—Jan,

(Herb. D., Sd.)

A shrub, probably unarmed, with erect, spreading, greyish-green, virgate branches.

Leaves J inch long, 8 lines broad, with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral nerves, not veined.

Petiole 2 lines long. Stipules cuspidate, short. Peduncle 4 inch ; the 2 pedicels 4

lines long. Calyx 1 line. Corolla 2 lines long ; the lobes acute; the throat quite

naked, but there is a hairy ring in the tube below the anthers. Fruit black, didy-

mous, but by abortion of the one cell, obliquely oblong, nearly 3 inch long.

4. P, ciliata (Sond.); branches spiny, tercte, glabrous ; twigs pu-

bescent ; leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate or subcordate-ovate,

subacute, penninerved, pale and veined beneath, appressed-hairy, or

glabrous above; peduncles opposite, axillary, 1-, rarely 2-fl.; tube of

corolla longer than the limb, throat naked ; tube with scattered hairs

inside. Psilostoma ciliata, Kl. ! E. Z. 2296. Randia? venosa, E. M.

Var. 8. mollis; leaves softly pubescent on both sides; corolla hairy outside, PZ,

mollis, Gerr. MS. .

Van. y. glabrata; leaves quite glabrous on both sides, or with scattered haiis

beneath ; corolla glabrous.

Has. On the Katriver, near Philipstown and Nieuweport, £. ¢ Z.; Howisons-

poort, Zeyh. 2708 ; Buffel River, Gekau, Morley, and near Port Natal, Drege, var.

B. Natal, Gueinzius, 554. J. Sanderson, 444, 281. Gerr. § M‘K. 5, et 1345; var. y.

Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1346. Oct.—April. (Herb. Sond., D.)

A large shrub with long horizontal opposite spines, Leaves opposite, rarely

fasciculate, 8-12 lines long, subcoriaceous ; petioles 1-2 lines long. Stipules subu-

late, equalling the petiole. Peduncles capillary, 3-1 inch long, bibracteate in the

middle. Corolla 3 lines long. Anthers subsessile. Style subexserted ; stigma

capitate. Fruit didymous, one cell often wanting by abortion ; about 4 lines long.

5. P. spinosa (Klotzsch.! E.Z.n.2298); nearly glabrous, branches very

spinous, terete ; leaves shortly petiolate, fasciculate, oval or obovate, ob-

tuse, attenuate at the base, quite entire, penninerved, paler and veined

beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary or fasciculate, racemose or corym-

bose-panicled, 5—12-flowered; tube of the corolla shorter than the limb ;

throat and tube naked.

Has. Woods near Adow and Olifantshoek, HZ. § Z.; Stadensriver, Zeyh. 674

Drege, 6750; Natal, Gueinzius, 403 ; Gerr. § M‘K. 534. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Habit of a Celastrus ; shrub 5-8 feet in height. Branches spreading, greyish-

white. Spines }—-1 inch long. Stipule subulate. Leaves rising from an ie

bud ; petiole 1-2 lines long. Young leaves as well as the twig sometimes appressed-

hairy, old leaves quite glabrous, 1-14 inch long. Racemes or panicles shorter than

the leaves ; pedicels about 2 lines long. Calyx with very short teeth. Corolla 1}

lines long. Fruit didymous, one cell often abortive.

Pavetta.} RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 19

XI. PAVETTA, Linn.

Calyx-tube ovate ; limb 4-toothed or cleft. Corolla salver-shaped, with

a long slender tube, and a 4-parted spreading limb. Anthers 4, sessile

in the throat. Style much exserted beyond the tube of the corolla,

stigma clavate, entire or nearly so. Berry drupaceous, 2-celled, crowned

with the limb of the calyx. DC. 1. ¢. 4, p. 485.

Shrubs or small trees, with opposite leaves and corymbs of white or yellow flowers. —

Pavetta is the vernacular name of P. indica in Malabar.

(1) Calyx-teeth setaceous, 2-4 times longer than the tube.

Leaves ebovate, almost sessile, glabrous pe Sooper a ee A

Leaves elliptic, petiolate, pubescent... ... ... ... ... (2) Cooperi.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate, glabrous, hairy on the midrib

beneath; panicle pubescent ... ... ... 0... -. «. (5) Gerrardi.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; panicle

RPUENE ONES ert a ee i i an ak LO

Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, petiolate, glabrous ..._... (3) Natalensis.

(2) Calyx-teeth as long as the tube.

Cn aA ae he ee ee ee YS

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base ... ... (9) Zeyheri.

(3) Calyx-teeth minute, shorter than the tube.

Leaves obovate, limb of calyx with minute, acute teeth (7) assimilis.

Leaves lanceolate-acute ; limb of calyx repando-dentate (8) edentula.

Leaves lanceolate-attenuate ; teeth of calyx subobtuse,

half aslong as the tube... ... «1... ase wee «ee (36) lanceolata.

1. P. Caffra (Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 146); branches terete, as well as the

leaves glabrous; leaves obovate, almost sessile ; stipules broad, cuspidate ;

corymbs dense-flowered ; teeth of calyx setaceous, twice longer than the

tube. E.Z.! 2302. P. corymbosa, Houtt. Nat. Hist. t. 10; [xora caffra,

Potr. suppl. 3, p. 209.

Van. 8. pubescens; branches, leayes, and flowers shortly pubescent.

Has. In woods, Dists. of Uitenhage, Albany, Caffraria and Port Natal, Thunb.

EL. § Z. Drege, Zeyh. 2711. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)

Shrub 3-6 feet high, with whitish branches. Leaves with slightly recurved mar-

gins, the lateral nerves often not conspicuous, quite glabrous, or in Var. 8. pubescent,

13-2 inches long, about 1 inch broad, attenuated at the base, sometimes in a short

petiole. ‘Teeth of calyx 2 lines, tube of corolla 6 lines long. Fruit black, shining,

as large as a pea crowned with the calyx,

2. P. Cooperi (Harv. & Sond.) ; branches terete, very shortly pubes-

cent; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute at both ends, hairy-scabrous above,

softly pubescent and strongly nerved beneath ; stipules broad, euspidate ;

corymbs capitate; calyx-teeth twice as long as the tube, setaceous.

Has. Natal, 7. Cooper, 1175; Gerr. ¢§ M‘K. 1349. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A large shrub. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, with very prominent

middle and divergent lateral nerves. Petioles 3-6 lines long. Corymb globose, a,

cles and pedicels very short, pubescent as well as the 2 lines long calyx-teeth. y

pilose, or nearly glabrous, white; length of the tube and size of the fruit as in

P. Cagfra, from which this species, at first sight, differs by the elliptical, nerved leaves.

8. P. Natalensis (Sond.); quite glabrous ; young branches com-

pressed ; leaves on longish petioles, lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at

the base, shining ; stipules euspidate-acuminate ; corymb loose, pe-

duncle naked at the base, pedicels 1-flowered ; teeth of calyx t

times as long as the tube, setaccous, ae

20 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Pavetta.

Has. Port Natal, Gerrard § M‘Ken. (Herb. D.)

Very different from the preceding. The leaves are 3-4 inches long, 7-10 lines

broad, with subrecurved margins, much acuminated at the apex. The corymb or

racemose panicle, in the only fruit-bearing specimen I have seen, is 1 inch high and

2 inches wide, Calyx-tube 1 line long. Fruit somewhat larger than in P. Cuffra.

4. P. Bowkeri (Harv. Thes. t. 131); twigs compressed, clothed with

a very short bifarious pubescence; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering into

a pubescent petiole, with recurved margins, quite glabrous above,

tomentose beneath; corymbose panicle loosely trichotomous, glabrous ;

teeth of calyx 3-4 times longer than the tube, setaceous.

Has. Mouth of Bashee R., Caffr.,inswamps. Feb. H. Bowker, 459. (Hb. D., Sd.)

Leayes 3-4 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, shortly acuminated into a bluntish point,

penninerved, softly tomentose beneath ; petiole 4 inch long. Stipules cuspidate or

aristate. Panicle spreading ; bracts very small. Calyx 3 lines long. Tube of the

glabrous white corolla } inch, lobes 3 lines long, acute.

5. P. Gerrardi (Harv. MSS.); twigs compressed, minutely downy ;

leaves long-petioled, ovato-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, tapering

at the base, with subrecurved margins, glabrous, but hairy on the mid-

dle nerve beneath ; corymbose panicle trichotomous, shortly pubescent ;

teeth of calyx twice longer than the tube, setaceous.

Has. Tugela River, Natal, Gerr. d M‘K. 1350. (Herb. D.)}

A bushy shrub, 2-4 feet high, with light green foliage and large white flowers,

nearly allied to P. Bowkeri, from which it chiefly differs in the longer, broader, gla-

brous, and green leaves. Leaves 5—6 inches long, and nearly 2 inches broad. Pe-

tioles pubescent, 4-1 inch long. Stipules cuspidate. Panicle many-flowered. Corolla

glabrous, the size as in the preceding.

6. P. obovata (E. Mey. in Dreg. enum.); quite glabrous, twigs com-

pressed ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petiole, obtuse or acute, with

revolute margins, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; panicle corymbose, loosely

trichotomous ; teeth of calyx acute, as long as the tube. P. revoluta,

Hochst.! Flora, 1842, p. 237.

Has. Port Natal, Drege, Krauss. 98. Kowie sand hills, P. Mae Owan, 420. J.

Sanderson. Plant. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Leaves 2~3 inches long, 12-15 lines broad, paler beneath. Petiole 1-4 lines long.

Panicle spreading’; bracts minute. Calyx 1 line long. Corolla white, the tube 6 lines,

limb nearly 3 lines long. Style very long. Fruit as large as a large pea, shining,

crowned by the rigid calyx,

7. P. assimilis (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs subcompressed ; leaves

obovate, tapering in the petiole, obtuse or subacute, with recurved mar-

gins, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; panicle corymbose, trichotomous ;

limb of calyx cupshaped, with very minute, acute teeth.

Has. Port Natal, Gerrard § M‘Ken, 1355. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Closely resembling P. obovata in habit and in the size and form of the leaves, but

well characterized by the calyx. Panicle t-1} inch long. Calyx 1 line long, the

teeth like a mucro. Tube of corolla 4 lines, the limb 2 lines long. Style one half

longer than the corolla.

8. P. edentula (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs terete ; leaves Zanceo-

late acute, tapering in a longish petiole, fiat, coriaceous, shining, penni-

nerved, and reticulate ; panicle corymbose, much shorter than the

leaves ; limb of calyx cupshaped, repando-dentate.

Has. Port Natal, near Ingoma, March. Gerr. ¢ M‘K, 1353. (Herb. D.)

Grumilea.} RUBIACEH (Sond.) 21

A shrub, 4-5 feet, Leaves 6-7 inches long, 14-14 inch broad. Petiole 1 inch

jong. Stipules very broad, aristate. Panicle 14-2 inches long, with minute bracts.

Calyx 14 line long, repand, without teeth. Corolla white, tube 6 lines, limb 2 lines

long. Exserted part of the style as long as the corolla.

9. P. Zeyheri (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs terete or subcompressed ;

leaves (small) oblong-lanceolate or oblong, tapering at the base, nearly

sessile ; corymb abbreviate, 8—12-flowered ; teeth of calyx as long as the

tube, acute. P. lanceolata, Zeyh. 768, not of E. & Z.

Has. Magalisberg, Vaalriver, Zeyher ¢ Burke. Dec. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Shrub with widely spreading, opposite branches. Leaves often tufted, 10-12

lines long, 2 lines broad. Corymb as long or shorter than the leaf. Calyx nearly

i line long. Corolla wanting. Fruit as large as a pea, black.

10. P. lanceolata (Eckl! in South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1830, p. 374);

quite glabrous; branches subcompressed ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, at-

tenuate at both ends, with recurved margins, coriaceous, shining above;

panicle corymbose, trichotomous ; ; teeth of the calyx bluntish, twice

shorter than the tube. E. Z. 2303. P. lanceolata, E. Mey. in Hb. Drege.

Has. Forests in Olifantshoek, Uitenhage ; near Grahamstown ; Fort Beaufort,

Katriver, and Natal, E. ¢ Z., Drege, Gerr. & M‘Ken. Nov.—Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A shrub, 6-8 feet high, with yellowish or grey branches. Leaves 2}-3 inches

long, 5-9 lines broad. Petioles short, in the specimens from Natal often 4-6 lines

long. Stipules aristate. Corymbs terminal, lax, many-flowered. Calyx 1 line, tube

of corolla 4 lines, lobes 2 ines Fi long. Fruit black, globose, as large as a small pea.

XII. GRUMILEA, Gaertn.

Calyx-tube urceolate, limb with 5 very short teeth. Corolla with a

short tube, villous in the throat; limb 5-parted, reflexed, valvate in bud.

Stamens sub-exserted ; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate.

Style exserted ; stigma bifid. Berry globose, 2-celled, "a-seeded. Seed

planoconvex. ‘Albumen cartilaginous, ruminate, or grumose from chinks

and fissures. Hmbryo erect, small. DC. prod. 4, p. 495.

Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic or obovate, coriaceous. Stipulz acute,

broad at the base, deciduous. Flowers terminal, cymose. Name from grumula, a

little heap ; in reference to the albumen, which is grumose.

1. G. Capensis (Sond.) ; glabrous ; branches subtetragonous or com-

pressed ; leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or oblong-ovate, subacute,

attenuated at the base, with revolute margins ; corymbs pedunculate,

trichotomous ; bracts and pedicels pilose. Logania capensis, Eckl. ! im

South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1. p. 371. Plectronia citrifolia, E.Z. ! n. 2299.

P. coffeacea, E. Z.! pl. exsics. Grumilea cymosa, LE, Mey.! G. globosa,

Hochst.! Flora XXVII. IT. p. 554.

Var. 8, angustifolia ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate or subacute.

Var. +. pubescens; leaves obovate, or obovate-oblong, ple length

Has. Woods, Zaureberge, Drege; Olifantshoek, on Bosjesmannsrivier, BE. & Z.;

Howison’s Port, H. Hutton, Zeyh. 2707 ; Port Natal, Drege, J. Sanderson ; Krauss.

428. Gerrard ¢ M‘Ken, 830. Var. B. near Grahamstad, Zeyh. Var. y. Port Natal.

Sept.—Jan. (Herb. Sond., D.)

Evergreen shrub or tree. ” Leaves penninerved, 3-5 inches long, 1}-2 inches broad,

shining above, a little paler beneath, quite glabrous, or with short adpressed hairs

on the middle nerve ; in var. y. evidently pubescent, especially on the neryes. Pe-

22 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) | Kraussia.

tiole 2-4 lines long. Stipules coriaceous, very broad, mucronulate. Corymb trifid,

on an uncial peduncle; pedicels appressed-hairy, at length glabrous, bracteated at

the base ; the ultimate pedicel terminated by a 6-12-flowered umbel. Calyx 4 line

long, shorter than its pedicel, sinuated, but acutely toothed. Corolla yellow( Gerrard ),

3 lines long ; lobes equalling the tube. Filaments glabrous. Lobes of stigma thick-

ened. Fruit the size of a peppercorn, black, shining, 2-seeded. Seeds ruminate.

XIII. KRAUSSIA, Harvey.

Calyx-tube ovate; limb short, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube

short, obconieal, limb 5-cleft, lobes oblong, with imbricate sestivation ;

the throat densely hairy. Stamens 5, in the throat, exserted ; filaments

short. Anthers erect, attenuate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style

very short. Stigma clavate, fusiform, striato-lamellate, bifid, lobes erect

or revolute. Berry globose, crowned with the calyx limb, 2, or by

abortion, 1-seeded. Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot, vol. 1, p. 20.

Glabrous shrubs with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire glossy,

shortly petiolate leaves, broad, abruptly subulate-acuminate stipules and axillary

cymes of white(?) flowers. Named in honour of Dr. Ferdinand Krauss, professor at

Stutgardt, who travelled and collected in South Africa.

Stigma club-shaped, undivided or bidentate, erect :

Lys. sub-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, subacute ..._ (1) floribunda,

Lys. petiolate, broadly-oblong, much acuminate ... ... (2) pavettoides,

Stigma deeply 2-lobed, the lobes revolute :

Lys. lanceolate-acuminate scusck cp thlancae Sse 7 Gao La seneoolata.

Lys. ovate-oblong, subacute ... ... ... «+ -- «+ (4) Coriacea.

1. K, floribunda (Harv. 1. c.); branches reddish brown, quadrisul-

cate; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate-subacute ; cymes axillary, panicu-

late, nearly as long as the leaves, pedicels spreading; limb of the calyx

obtuse ; anthers subsessile ; stigma very large, clavate, as long or a little

longer than the style. Harv. Thes.t. 21. Coffea Kraussiana, Hochst. in

Flora, 1842, p. 237. Psychotria oblongifolia, E. Mey. a. (non. b.)

Has. Port Natal, Krauss, 121; Gueinzius, 109, 111, 551. Drege, Gerr. § M‘K.

406. (Herb. Sond., D.)

Leaves 24—3 inches long, 1 inch broad, penninerved and with a gland at the base

of each nerve below. Stipules mucronulate. Cymes trichotomous, the peduncle

nearly an inch long; the pedicels with a minute lanceolate bracteole at the base, and

about twice as long as the obtuse calyx. Corolla 3-4 lines long. Filaments very

short. Fruit the size of a garden pea,

2. K. pavettoides (Harv.); twigs dark-colored, bluntly 4-angled ;

leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, tapering at base into a petiole; cymes

terminal and axillary, peduncled, trichotomous ; pedicels spreading,

puberulous as well as the calyx; calyx-lobes obtuse; anthers subsessile ;

style hoary in the middle, twice as long as the club-shaped, bidentate

stigma,

Has. Ravines on Field-Hill, Natal, J. Sanderson, 656. (Herb. D., Sd.)

_ A tree or large shrub, 10-20 feet high, with the habit of a Pavetta. Leaves

4-5 inches long, 14-24 inches broad, of thin substance, turning very dark in drying,

narrow cuneate at base, and passing into a }-—} inch long petiole, distantly penni-

nerved and netted beneath ; the midrib puberulous. Cymes mostly sub-terminal,

from the axils of smaller leaves. Peduncles uncial; pedicels much-branched, corym-

bose. Stipules cuspidate. Tube of corolla 3 as long as the limb. Throat minutely,

but closely pubescent within: by which character this differs from the other species.

Bunburya.] RUBIACE (Sond.) 23

3. K. lanceolata (Sond. in Linn. xxiii. p. 53); branches yellowish

quadrisnlcate ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; cymes axillary, many-flow-

ered, much shorter than the leaves ; limb of the calyx acute; filaments

oxserted, nearly as long as the anthers 3 stigma bifid, 3 times shorter than

the style, with revolute lobes. Carpothalis lanceolata, E. Mey. Psychotria

saligna, EZ. Mey. (fruct.)

Hap. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 68, 556. Gerr. & M‘K. 713. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Leaves subcoriaceous, nerved and veined on both surfaces, 3-34 inches long, 8-10

lines broad ; petiole 4 lines long. Cymes 6-8 lines high ; the bracteoles sheathing.

Calyx acutely 5-toothed. Corolla 3 lines long, lobes oblong, reflexed, Fruit glo-

bose, the size of a small pea, crowned by the calyx, with 2 pyrene.

4. K. coriacea (Sond. 1. c.); branches pale, subangulate ; leaves

coriaceous, very shortly petiolate, oblong or evate-oblong, subacute at

both ends, with recurved margins ; cymes axillary, 4-8 flowered, three

times shorter than the leaves ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; filaments very

phe stigma bifid, nearly 4 times shorter than the style, with reyo-

ute lobes.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 100; Gerr. & M‘K. 712. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Branches greyish white. Leaves 3 inches long, 1 inch broad, ‘reticulated veined ;

the petiole stout 2 lines long. Pedicels 4-5 lines long, with 2 alternate bracteoles.

Corolla 4 lines long, the reflexed lobes nearly as long as the tube ; the throat very

villous with white hairs. Filaments affixed below the middle of the thrice longer linear

anthers. Ovary 2-celled. Near the preceding, but easily distinguished by the thickish,

coriaceous, not acuminate leaves, and the densely- beaxta throat of the corolla. —

XIV. BUNBURYA, Meisn.

Onis hte subglobose ; limb shortly bilabiate, 6-toothed. Corolla

funnel-shaped, limb 6-lobed, lobes lanceolate-oblong, twice shorter than

the tube, with imbricate xstivation. Stamens 6 in the throat, exserted ;

filaments short, affixed in the middle of the linear-oblong anthers. Ovary

bilocular, cells 1-ovulute, Style filiform, glabrous, Stigma bilamellate,

lamells short, acute. Fruit... Meisn. in plant. Krauss, Reg. Bot. Zeitg.

1844, non. Harvey. Natalanthe, Sond. in Iinneea, vol. xaiir. p. 52.

A shrub with the habit of Coffea Arabica ; a oe, twigs mostly

bescent ; stipules broad, with subulate acumen ; leaves shortl y petiolate, ovate-

ceolate, tapering to a bluntish point, obitueis oF abot at itis bas + Sane?

3~4-flowered on very short peduncles ; calyx subtended by a cup-like

Named after Sir Charles J. F. Bunbury, Bt. F.RS, who tenvllell and Setcioed in in

South Africa,

1, B. Capensis ,Cieen 1. ¢.); Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 132. Natalanthe

floribunda, Sond. l,

Has. Near Port ae, Krauss, Drege, hac re 360. Gerrard & M‘K.

1368 ; Kreili’s Country, Caffraris. HY. Bowker. Tul erb. Sd., D.)

Large leaves 3-4 inches long, t4 inch broad, penninerved and ’ veined, glabrous,

except on the nerves beneath. Petioles nerved, and calyx adpressed- or subsilky-

pubescent. Corolla } inch long, with 6, rarely 7 lobes, white

TRIBE VI._SPERMACOCEE (Gen. XV.-XVIII)

XV. SPERMACOCE, Meyer.

Calyx with an ovate or turbinate tube, and a 2-4-lobed limb, and

sometimes accessory teeth in the recesses of the primary lobes. Corolla

24 RUBIACE (Sond.) [Pentanisia.

salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, 4 lobed. Stigma bifid or undivided.

Capsule crowned, 2-celled ; nuts 1-seeded, dividing into 2 parts from

the apex ; the one part closed by the adnate dissepiment, the other

open. Seed oval-oblong, marked inside by a longitudinal furrow. DC.

prod. 4, P. 552.

Herbs or sub-shrubs, stems or branches tetragonal. ‘Leaves opposite. Stipules

combined with the petioles, sheathing, fringed by numerous bristles. Flowers ax-

illary, sessile, crowded. Name from o7epua, a seed, and axwxn, a point, in allusion

to the capsule being crowned by the calycine points.

1, S. Natalensis (Hochst. in pl. Krauss.) ; stem erect, glabrous ;

leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, with revolute margins, glabrous,

sometimes scabrous on the middle nerve beneath ; stipules rigid, with

5 bristles on each side ; flowers glomerate, semi-verticillate ; stamens

sub-inclosed ; capsule crowned by the calyx-teeth. Diodia elongata,

E. Meyer. in Herb. Drege.

Has. Natal, Krauss. 328; Gueinzius, 516; Gerr. ¢ M'K., J. Sanderson, near Glen-

filling, on the Key and Omblas, Drege. Dec.—April. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, simple or branched. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines broad,

paler beneath, the upper ones smaller. Heads of flowers the size of a large pea, or

a small hazelnut. Flowers 1 line long.

XVI. PENTANISIA, Harv.

Calyx-tube obovate or turbinate, limb with 2 or 3 (rarely 4) elongate,

linear-subulate lobes, and some (3-4) small accessory ones. Corolla

salver-shaped, with a long tube, a bearded throat, and a 5-, rarely

4-lobed limb. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted in the throat, subexserted ; an-

thers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style filiform ; stigma

bifid, with linear-lobes. Capsule coriaceous, didymous, crowned by the

calyx-lobes, bipartite into 2, monospermous, indehiscent nuts. Seed

subtriquetrous, plano-convex. Lond. Journ. Bot, 1842, p. 21. Diotocar-

pus, Hochst, in Reg. Bot. Zeitz, 1843, p. 70.

Perennial herb, with a tuberous root, a tetragonal or compressed stem, opposite

nerved leaves, on each side with 3-4-fid setaceous stipules ; and pedunculated,

terminal, capitate, sometimes spiked flowers. Name from eve, five, and avicos,

unequal; alluding to the unequal calycine lobes,

1, P. variabilis (Harv. Ll. c. p.)

Var. a, latifolia; stem erect or ascending, hairy or hirsute; leaves elliptic, ovate

or oblong, acute, hairy or nearly glabrous ; flowers disposed in umbel-like spikes.

P. variabilis, B. latifolia, Hochst. l.c. P. variabilis, Harv.

Var. 8. intermedia; stem erect, downy, or as well as the leaves glabrous or nearly

s0 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, narrower at the base ; flowers disposed

in umbel-like, rarely interrupted spikes. P. variabilis, Harv. Crusea variabilis et

lanceolata, E. Mey. in Herb. Dreg. Declieuxia prunelloides, Klotzch, E. Z. n. 2301.

Diotocarp. prumelloides, Hochst. l, ¢.

Var. 7. glaucescens ; stem erect, as well as the leaves glabrous ; leaves lanceolate

or linear-lanceolate, glaucous-green, obtuse or narrower at the base ; flowers disposed

in oblong, interrupted spikes. P. glaucescens, Harv. 1. c. Orusea glaucescens, E. Meyer.

Pentanisia et Diotocarpus angustifolius, Hochst.

Has. Mountains, var. a., near Port Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 513. Plant, 33. Dr.

Sutherland, J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘Ken, Krauss. Var. B. Winter- and Katrivier-

berge, Caffraria, E.§ Z., H. Bowker, near Port Natal, Krauss. Drege. Var. y. neat

Mitracarpum.| RUBIACEE (Sond.) 25

D'Urban, Gerrard § M‘Ken, 34, 580. Krauss. 93, Drege; Magalisberg, Zeyh. 762.

Oct.—Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.

Root 2-3 inches long, nearly 1 inch broad, brown, Stem 4-1 foot, quadrangular

or compressed, reddish. Stipules variable, 2-3 lines or nearly 6 lines long, 3-fid or

5-fid, the middle lobe often larger. Leaves sessile, or on very short petioles ; in

var. a., t-14 inch long, 6-9 lines broad ; in var. 8. et y. narrower, and often 2 inches

long or longer. Flowers beautiful lilac, on a longish naked peduncle, in var. a. and f.

aggregated in a head-like, dense spike, involucrated by the outer calyx-lobes, pubes-

cent ; in var. y. forming an interrupted spike 4-2 inches long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes

about 3-4 lines long. Corolla nearly 1 inch long. Fruit appressed-hairy or glabrous,

subglobose, shorter than the calyx-lobes.

XVII. MITRACARPUM, Zuccarini.

Calyx with an ovate tube, and a 4-toothed, permanent limb; 2 of the

teeth usually larger than the others. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete

tube, which is furnished near the base inside with a circular line of

hairs, a glabrous throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Stigma bifid. Capsule

membranous, crowned, 2-celled, circumcised round the middle. Seeds

solitary in the cells, basilar, partly fixed to the dissepiment. Roem.

et Schult. syst. 3, p. 210. A. Rech. mem. soc. hist, nat. par. 6, p. 151, f.

14, f. 4.

Herbs or subshrubs, with the habit of Spermacoce. Stipules combined with the

petioles a little way, and ending in many bristles. Flowers in dense, verticillate,

axillary and terminal heads, the latter always involucrated by 4 leaves. Name from

uitpa, a girdle or ring, and kap7os, a fruit, in allusion to the fruit being cut round

about in the middle.

1, M. Dregeanum (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; stem erect, branched,

as well as the leaves hairy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, narrower at the

base, with revolute margins ; stipules with 5-6 bristles on each side ;

flowers disposed in capitate whorls; calyx with 4 teeth, 2 a little

smaller, ciliated, somewhat shorter than the corolla. :

Has, Near Port Natal, Drege, Gerrard § M‘Ken. April. (Herb. Sd. D.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, subhirsute. Leaves 14~2 inches long, 4-6 lines broad, acute,

scabrous, hairy. Bristles of the stipules 2-3 lines long. Calyx-teeth subulate, about

14 lines, corolla 3 lines long, the latter with 4 oblong, bearded lobes. Stamens

subexserted. Capsule hairy, ovate. Seeds black, oblong, with a longitudinal furrow

Calyx with an ovate, angular tube, and a 4-parted permanent limb ;

teeth acute, erect. Corol/a campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. An-

thers 4, sessile in the throat, exserted, linear-oblong. Stigma roundly

2-lobed. Berry dry, corky, angular, lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, crowned

by the calyx, 2-celled. Seeds solitary in the cells, oblong, bisulcate

inside, with hard albumen and a straight embryo. Lam. idl. 76, fi 1.

Serissus, Gertn. fruct. 1, p. 118, t. 25. mage.

Glabrous, creeping herbs. Stems terete. Leaves ovate-oblong, fleshy, joined

with the stipules into a cupular, toothed sheath at the base. Flowers axillary, ses-

sile, solitary or by twos. Name from ddwp, water, and @vAag, a keeper or guar-

1. H. carnosa (Sond.); quite glabrous ; stem decumbent ; branches

ascending ; leaves ovato-lanceolate, acute, fleshy ; stipules 3-dentate ;

flowers axillary, solitary ; limb of calyx shortly tubular, cleft on the

26 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Galopina.

outer side, with eroso-denticulate margin ; corolla 4-lobed ; capsule

oblong-ovate, angulate-striate, compressed, crowned by the conniyent

calyx. Diodia carnosa, Hochst, pl. Krauss.

Has. Sandy sea-coast of Zitzikamma, Krauss. 1667 ; Port Natal, Gerrard and

M‘Ken, 350. Mar.—Jul. (Herb. D. Sd.)

Habit of Arenaria peploides, but larger. Stipules 3-4 lines long. Leaves 4 inch

long, 2 lines broad, flat above, with a minute point. Flowers white, 4 as long as

the leaf. Fruit 3 lines long, 2 lines broad. Nearly allied to H. maritima, L.

TRIBE VII.—ANTHOSPERMEE (Gen. X1X.—XXII.)

XIX. GALOPINA, Thunb.

Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious or polygamous. Calyzx-tube obovate,

limb 4—parted, very small, scarcely any. Corolla subrotate, 4—5-parted ;

lobes oblong, lanceolate, patent-reflexed. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the

base of the corolla. Anthers oblong, slightly exserted. Styles 2, with

long hairy stigmas. Fruit obovato-didymous, consisting of 2 mericarps,

at length separating, indehiscent, warted at back, 1-seeded, with a flat

or flattish commissure. DC. 1. c. 4, p. 579. Anthospermi spec. Thunb.

Prod. p. 23. Phyllis spec. Cruse, Linn. 6, p.19. Galopina et Oxyspermum,

£. Z. enum. p. 364.

Perennial herbs, with opposite ovate or ovato-lanceolate leaves, and terminal lax

panicles of small flowers. Name unexplained.

1, G. circwoides (Thunb. Diss. Nov. Gen. 1, p. 3); glabrous; leaves

ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, tapering into the petiole, scabrous on the

margins ; panicle expanded ; pedicels capillary, elongated ; flowers

hermaphrodite. 2. § Z. 2304. Zeyh. 2712. Anthospermum galopina,

Thunb. Fl. Cap. p.356. Phyllis galopina, Cruse, 1. c.

Has. Shady, moist places from Swellendam to Albany, and in Caffraria. Jan.—Feb.

(Herb. Thunb., 8d., D.)

Stem rather angular, with 2 elevated lines which run from the stipules, 2 feet and

more in height, branched, quite glabrous, very rarely in the lower part a little downy.

Stipules 3-forked. Petiole 3-6 lines long. Leaves 14—3 inches long, 4-3 inch broad.

The trichotomous panicle often 1 foot in diameter. Bracts subulate. Pedicels 4~1

inch long. Ripe fruit about 7 line long and broad ; mericarps convex at back.

2, G. aspera (Sond.); tomentose; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acute, subcordate at the base, on very short petioles ; panicle oblong ;

flowers dioecious or polygamous. Oxyspermum asperum, HE. § Z. 2305.

G. hirsuta, HZ, Mey. G. tomentosa, Hochst. —

Has. Katriviersberg, near Philipstown, 7. § Z., H. Hutton; Natal on the Um-

laasriver, and near D’Urban, Drege, Krauss., J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘Ken, 828.

Mar.—Jun. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem 2-3 feet, stiff, simple, 4-cornered, as well as the leaves and panicle densel

covered with short greyish hairs, Leaves with some smaller in the axils, Be oR

long, 6-10 lines broad, quite entire, when old often subscabrous. Stipules 3-6-parted.

Panicle 4-14 ft. long, trichotomously compound, leafy or nearly naked ; the branches

and pedicels erect, spreading, rough-hairy in fruit, much shorter and more rigid than

in G. circeoides. The specimens from Caffraria are polygamous (and hermaphrodite,

E. & Z,), tho&e from Natal mostly dioecious. Fruit obovate, densely papillate; 4-7

line long.

~ XX. ANTHOSPERMUM, Linn.

Calyx-tube obovate ; limb 4—5-toothed. Corolla tubular, limb 4-5-

Anthospermum. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 27

parted, lobes linear or lanceolate, spreading, revolute, valvate in estiva-

tion, Stamens 4-5, inserted in the lower part of the tube. Anthers

versatile, exserted. Styles 2, mostly very short, rarely connate; stigmas

2, very long, hairy. Fruit composed of 2, easily separable, indehiscent,

r-seeded mericarps, which are a little compressed at the raphe, and joined

together by a concave commissure. Seeds erect, aflixed at the base

Embryo dorsal, erect. Albumen subcartilaginous, Cruse, Dissert. Rubiac.

Cap. p. 7, t. 1, f. 1, 2. Linn. 6, p. 4. DC. Prod. 4, p. 579.

Small shrubs or herbs. Stems branched. Leaves opposite or ternately verticillate,

linear or lanceolate, rarely ovate or oblong, coriaceous. Stipules adhering to the

petioles at the base, drawn out into a single tooth, rarely into 2 or 3 teeth in the

middle. Flowers axillary, sessile, rarely panicled, small, with 2-3 bracts at the base

of the ovary, dioecious or polygamous or hermaphrodite. Name from avéos, a flower,

and omepua, a seed.

1. Flowers dioecious, axillary, subsessile (1-11).

Stipules simple (1-9).

Flowers pentandrous :

Lvs. whorled, linear-lanceolate, ciliated ... (7) Bergianum,

Lvs. opposite, lanceolate, ciliatedwhenyoung (9) hirtum.

Flowers tetrandrous :

Branches and leaves hirsute :

Stem procumbent; lvs. lenger than inter- oe

nodes, spreading (5) hispidulum.

Stem erect ; lvs. shorter than internodes,

erect-incurved ... (6)

Branches minutely downy or glabrous :

Lys. elliptical, ovate or oblong... ... .... (8) Dregei.

Lys. linear or lanceolate. :

Fruit sharply 3-ribbed ... (3) tricostatum.

Fruit smooth or obsoletely ribbed.

Stem rooting at the nodes... .... (2) prostratum.

Stem not rooting. ee

Fruit crowned by calyx-teeth (1) Zthiopicum.

Fruit destitute of calyx-teeth (4) ciliare.

Stipules 2-4-parted (10-11).

Lys. lanceolate, 1-14 inch long... (10) lanceolatum.

Lys. ovate or ovato-anceolate, 4-6 lines long .. (11) hedyotideum.

2, Flowers dioecious, panic . (42) paniculatum.

3. Flowers Pan ay ee polygamous (13-18).

Fruit crowned by one leafy calycine .. (13) ealycophyllum.

Fruit with or without minute Clyne ; ees

Fruit glabrous :

Lys. erect, linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; an- .

thers oblong . (14) pumilum.

Lys. spreading, ‘linear- lanceolate, ‘acute ; : _.

anthers linear; corolla glabrous ...... (15) rigidum.

Lys. reflexed, oblong- -lanceolate, mucronate; i

e anthers linear; corolla hairy... ... (16) Ecklonis.

ruit hirsute :

Flowers axillary-sessile ... ... ... -.. (17) Lichtensteinit.

Flowers cymoso-panicled 2.0.0... 0. (18) Groeyllis.

: A. Ethiopicum Spee. 1511); stem erect ; young branches

downy ; leaves ie ternate and d whorled, linear-lanceolate or

subspathulate, glabrous ; flowers aggregated, verticillate-spiked, tetran-

drous ; fruit oblong, nearly cylindrical ; mericarps elliptic, convex,

obsoletely-ribbed and minutely-dotted at back, crowned by the calyx-

28 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Anthospermum.

teeth. Hort. Cliff. 455, t.27. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 157. Cruse, Diss. p. 10.

E. §& Z.1 2307. ©

Var. a. ternifolium (Cruse! Lc. p. 15); leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate,

acute; branches straight. A. ethiop., var. y. verticillata, herb. Thunb. ; var. a, et B.

E. § Z.1.¢, herb. Un. Itin. 24.

Var. 8. oppositifolium (Cruse! lc. p. 11); leaves opposite, linear-subspathulate,

sometimes bluntish; branches virgate, erect-spreading. A. awthiop. a. et B. Herb.

Thunb. A. spathulatum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1, p. 399. Var. y. ed. E. § Z.l,c, Herb.

Un. Itin. 4, 5, 7,9, 11, 25, 26. Drege, 7661, 7666, 9551. Zeyh. 2714.

Var. y. Ecklonianum (Cruse! Linn, 6, p. 10); leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate,

acuminate, Var.e. E. gd Z.l.c. A. spath. var. longifolium, E. Mey.

Var. 3. montanum; leaves opposite, lanceolate, bluntish, mucronulate; branches

shorter, very leafy. Var. ¢. alpmum, E. § Z. l. ¢.

Has. On plains and mountains, common. Aug.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.

A very variable woody shrublet, 3-3 ft. high, much branched, greyish-brown.

Branches opposite or ternate. Leaves aggregated, 3-8 lines long, 4-1} line broad,

with revolute margins, shining and dotted above, pale with prominent middle nerve

beneath. Stipules minute. lowers 2-4 times shorter than the leaves, usually 2-6

or more in a tuft. Cor. with a 4-parted limb, equalling the tube. Fruit 1 line long.

2. A. prostratum (Sond.); stem elongate, prostate, rooting; branches

short, downy or glabrous; leaves opposite, lanceolate or subspathulate,

mucronate, glabrous, with revolute margins; flowers solvtary, tetran-

drous ; fruit obcordate ; mericarps roundish on the back, minutely

downy or glabrous ; calyx-teeth nearly obsolete.

Var, a. velutinum; stem, branches, and fruit minutely-downy.

Var. 8. glabrum; stem, branches, and fruit quite glabrous.

. Has, Cape flats, var. a. C. Wright, 491; var. B. Ecklon. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Root woody, 4-1 foot, stem 1~3 feet high, rooting at the internodes. Branches

1 inch or a finger long. ‘Leaves nearly as in A. spathulatum, Spr. or a little larger,

not whitish, but mostly rufous beneath. Female flowers as in A. ethiopicum, stigmas

very long, hairy. Fruit as long, but a little broader and more emarginate than in

the preceding.

3. A. tricostatum (Sond.); stem erect, branched; branches slender,

downy ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, gla-

brous ; flowers solitary, tetrandrous; fruit oblong; mericarps cuneate,

prominently 3-ribbed at back, glabrous, minutely-dotted ; calyx-teeth

nearly obsolete.

Has. Rietvallei, Z. § Z.; between Drickoppen and Bloodriver, Drege, 9550.

April-Nov. (Herb. Sd.)

A woody shrub, with the habit of A. wthiopicum, var. B. Leaves aggregated,

3-4 lines long, acute. Fruit 14-2 lines long; the mericarps with 2 prominent

marginal and a dorsal rib ; the bipartite spine, separating the mericarps, about half

as long as the fruit. Stigmas very long and hairy.

4. A. ciliare (Linn. Spec. 1521); stem decumbent or suberect ;

branches downy; leaves opposite, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute,

ciliated, when old often without cilia, with revolute margins ; flowers

solitary, or 2-4 together, tetrandrous; fruit obcordate; mericarps round-

ish at back, glabrous, shining, destitute of calycine limb. Thunb. ! 1. ¢.

p. 157. Herb. ex pte. Cruse, Diss. p.13. Plukn. Mant. 51, t. 344,f- 5. 4:

galordes, Reichb. Spreng. Syst. Veg. c. p, 1V. 2, p. 338. E. & 4.2308, A.

Anthospermum.| | RUBIACEH (Sond.) 29

spathulatum? E. M.in Herb. Drege. Herb. Un. Ttin, 12, 14,27, 191. Zey.

2718,2719. Drege, 9548. Stieber, Fl. Cap. 88. A. ciliare, a. et B. fem. (non

mascul, ) et y. mas, Herb. Thunb.

Var, B. papillatum ; fruit densely papillate, at length glabrous or nearly so.

Van. y. glabrifolium ; leaves subglabrous, without cilia, or scabrous on margins.

Has. Stony places, plains and mountains, common; var. 8. Simon’s Bay and

Rietvalley. May-Sept. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

Stem 4-10 inches, much branched, procumbent, rarely erect. Leaves 3-4 lines

long, aggregated, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate (var. latifolium, E. Z.), in other

specimens linear-lanceolate (var. angustifolium et scabrum, E. Z.), glabrous and

shining above, pale or rusty beneath. Corolla a little hairy outside ; the 4 lobes

longer than the tube. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit } line long and broad, brown.

5. A. hispidulum (E. Mey.) ; stem procumbent, as well as the short

branches and leaves clothed with spreading white hairs; leaves opposite,

longer than the internodes, spreading, lanceolate, acute, with revolute

margins ; flowers solitary, tetrandrous ; fruit eblong-cylindrical; meri-

carps convex outside, hairy, crowned by the subulate calyx-teeth.

Has. Rocky places, Omsamwabo to Omsamcaba. May. Drege, Natal; Gerr.

§ M‘K. 1361, (Herb. D., Sd.)

A low shrub, with greyish stem and branches, glabrous at the base. Leaves 4-6

lines long, 1 line broad, hispidulous. Stipule subulate. Fl. very small. Stigmas very

long, hairy. Fruit: 1 line long, nearly cylindrical, as long as the ciliate bracts.

6. A. Burkei (Sond.); stem erect; branches Iong, hirsute ; leaves

opposite, shorter than the internodes, erect-incurved, lanceolate, acute,

with revolute margins, densely clothed with short hairs; flowers aggre-

gate, tetrandrous; fruit oblong; mericarps convex outside, pubescent,

crowned by the minute, acute, calyx-teeth.

Has. Magalisberg, June, Burke ¢ Zeyh. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Primary branches 1—2 feet long ; ultimate branchlets very short. Internodes about

34 inch. Leaves with many smaller axillary leaves or short branchlets, 2-3 lines long,

pointed. Flowers very small. Fruit scarcely 1 line long; the calycine lobes much

shorter than in A. hispidudum, to which it is closely allied by the leaves and flowers,

but not in habit.

7. A. Bergianum (Cruse! Diss. p. 8); stem erect; branches clothed

with whitish pubescence; leaves 3 in a whorl, connately perfoliate,

imbricated, linear-lanceolate, ciliated; flowers pentandrous ; subverticil-

late, spiked ; fruit obovate; mericarps convex outside, glabrous, minutely

punctate. Linn. 6, p. 7, H. Z.! 2306. Drege, 7668.

Has. Cape flats, common. July-Aug. (Herb. Sd., D.)

A very leafy, more or less branched shrub, about 1 foot high. Leaves longer than

the internodes, densely imbricated, pale green, the margins and keel ciliated with

white hairs, 3-5 lines long, acute. Flowers in 3-flowered whorls. Male and female

flowers 5-parted, with short tube. Stigmas long. Fruit 1 line long.

8. A. Dregei (Sond.); stem erect; branches spreading, minutely

downy; leaves opposite, elliptic, ovate or oblong, mucronulate, glabrous,

when young minutely downy, rusty beneath, with slightly recurved

margins ; flowers tetrandrous, solitary ;, fruit (when young) obovate;

mericarps glabrous, punctulate. sii :

Has, Betw. Koussie and Zilverfontein, 2000 ft, Aug. Drege, 3016. (Hb, Sd., D.)

30 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Anthospermum.

A foot or more high, with a long, nearly simple, woody root. Twigs reddish or

brown. Internodes longer than the leaves. Stipules very small. Leaves shortly

petiolate, 3-4 lines long, 2 lines broad. Corolla with a short tube. Anthers linear,

white. Stigmas long, hairy. Ripe fruit unknown.

9. A. hirtum (Cruse! Diss. p. 11); stem erect; branches erect-

spreading, hairy as well as the leaves at the base ; leaves opposite, lan-

ceolate, acute, ciliated when young ; stipules simple, subulate; flowers

solitary or 2—5 aggregated, axillary, pentandrous; fruit obovate; meri-

carps roundish outside, glabrous, papillate. #.Z. 2311. A. ciliare, a et

2, mas. herb. Thunb. non fem. A. rubiaceum, Reichb.! in Spreng. syst. 4,

p. 338. Herb. Un. Itin.n.29. A. lanceolatum, Sieb.! fl. cap. n. 90. A.

hirsutum, DC. prod. 4, p. 580.

Has, Mountains near Capetown, Bergius, Ecklon, Sieber, W. H. H. Piquetberg,

Drege, 7677. Sept.—Jan. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)

Stem 1-2 feet, purplish brown, branched. Leaves 1 inch long, 1-2 lines broad,

acute or acuminate, with slightly recurved margins, pale or whitish beneath. Stipules

1 line long. Flowers hairy outside. Tube of the corolla shorter than the lobes.

Female flower solitary, Fruit 1 line long, destitute of the calycine limb.

10. A. lanceolatum (Thunb. prodr. p. 32); stem procumbent or erect,

much branched; branches glabrous or downy; leaves opposite, lanceo-

late, acute, glabrous, or puberulous; stipules 2-4-parted, lobes subulate;

flowers axillary, subverticillate, 4—5-androus ; fruit obovate-oblong ;

mericarps convex at back, glabrous, or papillate. Thunb. herb. «a, et 8,

non y. Cruse! Diss. p. 12, E. Z. 2310. A. herbaceum, L. fil. Suppl. p.

440, A. nodosum, E. Mey.

- Var. 8, latifolium; branches downy or densely hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,

mostly rusty beneath, downy, at length glabrous; fruit papillate. A. latifoliwm, E

Mey. A. ferrugineum, E. Z.! 2309.

_ Has, Cape dist., Thunb. Sieber, 239; Kleinfontein, Mundt, § Maire ; Kiynriviers-

berg, and in distr. Uitenhage, #. Z. ; Plettenberg Bay, Dr. Pappe ; Howisonspoort,

H. Hutton; Natal, Drege. Van. 8. in dist. Uit., Albany, and in Caffraria, BE. § Z.,

Zeyh. 2716, ex parte ; near Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 468. Oct. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)

Stem 1-3 feet; as well as the branches, reddish-brown. Leaves sessile, 1-14 inch

long, 2-3 lines long, in var. 8, }-1 inch long, about 4 lines broad, with slightly re-

curved margins, acute or acuminate, paler beneath, in var. 8, on the under side with

brown resinous dots. Corolla with conical tube, and lanceolate-linear lobes. An-

thers oblong. Fruit 1 line long. Very similar to A. hirtum, of which it has the

habit and foliage; but the stipules are very different, and the leaves somewhat

broader. In this species I often found female flowers on the lower twigs.

11. A hedyotideum (Sond.); perennial; stems short, simple, or a

little branched, as well as the leaves, minutely downy ; leaves opposite,

ovate, acute, or ovate-lanceolate, with revolute margins ; stipules 3-fid, the

lateral lobes smaller; flowers solitary, tetrandrous; fruit elliptic; meri-

carps convex at the back, minutely papillate ; limb of calyx nearly

obsolete,

Has. Kreili’s Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker; Keiskamma, Drege. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stems many from the root, 3-4 inches high. Petiole nearly 1 line long. Leaves

at length su! rous, acute at both ends, pale and with some lateral veins beneath.

4-6 lines long, 2 lines broad. ules small. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Lobes of

the Pree am than the tube. Fruit 1 line long, the mericarps usually with a line

on the

Anthospermum. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 31

12. A. paniculatum (Cruse! Diss. p. 15, t. 1, f£ 2); stem erect,

branched from the base, branches downy ; leaves ‘opposite, linear-sub-

spathulate ; stipules short, simple; flowers panicled, tetrandrous ; fruit

obovate; mericarps 3- -ribbed, glabrous, #.2Z. 2314. A. Aithiopicum, jem.

herb. Thunb.

Has. Houtniquas and Hanglip, Mundt and Maire ; Winterhoeksberg, Kraka-

kamma and Stadensriviersberg, Uit., Grahamstown, and in Caffraria, F. § 2, Zeyh.

2715; Howisonspoort, H. Hutton. Oct.Jul. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

Root woody. Stem 1-1} ft.; branches reddish, very leafy. Leaves aggregate,

quite glabrous, with revolute margins, narrowed at base, 4~5 lines long, 3 line broad.

Panicle terminal, narrow, 2-6 inches long. Flowers divecious, but in a few speci-

mens I observed polygamous flowers. Corolla with linear- lanceolate lobes longer

than the short tube, Fruit about 2 lines long, crowned by the 4 erect, acute, caly-

cine lobes.

13. A. calycophyllum (Sond.) ; stem shrubby, erect, branched ; twigs

pubescent ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous;

flowers hermaphrodite, pentandrous, disposed in a short, terminal spike;

calyx 5-toothed, teeth unequal, 4 very minute ; fruit elliptic-oblong,

downy; mericarps convex at back, one of them tipped by the large leafy

calycine lobe.

ae Ra berg, Burke and Zeyher; Natal, Dr. Sutherland, J. Sanderson,

( One or staal: feet high, much branched. Stipules minute, simple, subulate.

Leaves 4-5 lines long, 13-2 lines broad, coriaceous, acute, with slightly revolute

margins. Terminal spike about 4 inch long, the flowers mostly geminate on very

short pedicels, in the axils of the soon deciduous, ciliate leaves. Fl. hermaphrodite,

rarely polygamous. Four of the calyx-teeth nearly obsolete, the fifth expanded to a

leaf. Tube of the corolla twice longer than the lobes. Anthers oblong. Roo

elongated. Fruit 1 line long. The leafy calyx-lobes oblong, acute, equalling or

little longer than the easily separated mericarps.

14. A. pumilum (Sond.) ; perennial; stems numerous, erect, simple

minutely downy; leaves opposite, erect, linear-lanceolate, bluntish, cili-

olate-scabrous on the revolute margins ; stipules simple ; flowers herma-

phrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, solitary or geminate ; anthers ob/ong ;

fruit obcordate ; mericarps convex at the back, glabrous, shining.

Has. Caledon River, Zeyher. Jan. Bde}:

a saa ae with the habit of 4. . _ Leaves 2-3 lines long, aggre-

convex above e revi margins. small; calyx -toothed, sy eu

Fruit 1 line long; aasierpe crowned by the minute or rudimentary ; ealyx-teeth.

15. A. rigidum (E. Z.! n. 2315); suffruticose ; stems erect, woody,

much branched ; branches minutely downy ; leaves opposite, spreading,

linear-lanceolate, acute, a little scabrous, with revolute margins; stipules

simple ; flowers polygamous, tetrandrous, axillary, aggregate ; corolla

glabrous outside; anthers linear ; fruit obovate-oblong ; mericarps con-

eth at back, glabrous, minutely punctate, crowned by the minute calysc-

_ Hap. Karroo, near the Gauritzriver, Swell., E.G Z.3 Nieuwejaars-pruit, between

Garip and Caledonriver, at the foot of the Wit ergen, Zeyh. Oct.—_Dec. (Herb, Sd.)

Root thick, woody, ‘about 1 foot long, simple.

Leaves 4-6 lines long, about $ of a line pointed, shining above. Flowers

2—5-together. Calyx minute, equal. Corolla white, lo lobe. about as long as the tube.

Stigmas long, ee Fruit 1 line long.

32 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [ Carpacoce.

16. A. Ecklonis poe) ; shrubby; stem erect; branches and leaves

pubescent-scabrous ; leaves opposite, reflewed, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-

late, mucronulate, with slightly recurved margins, whitish beneath ;

stipules simple; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, subaggre-

gated ; corolla scabrous-hairy outside; anthers linear; fruit obovate ;

mericarps convex on the back, glabrous, destitute of calycine limb.

Has. On the Olifantriver and near Villa Brakfontein, Clanw., Ecklon. (Herb., Sd.)

Several feet high. Leaves 6 lines long, 1-1} line broad. Flowers white. Calyx

minute, equal. Calyx-lobes longer than the tube. Fruit 1 line long.

17. A. Lichtensteinii (Cruse! Diss. p. 15) ; stem erect, branched ;

branches erect, downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, acute, keeled, cili-

ated ; stipules simple, ciliated ; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous,

axillary, whorled; style very short ; stigmas long, hairy; fruit oblong ;

mericarps hairy. ILann. 6, p. 16. E. Z. 2316. Spermacoce ericeefolia,

Lichtst. in R. & Sch. syst. veg. 3, p. 281.

Has. Sandy places near Capetown and in Hottentottsholland, Lichtenstein, B.§ Z.

Drege. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Sd.)

Shrub, 1 or 2 ft., with glabrous, slender, terete branches, naked at the base. In-

ternodes about as long as the leaves. Stipules minute. Leaves 2-3 lines long in

the axils, with some smaller or equal leaves. Flowers 2-5, verticillate. Calyx with

4 or § short, acute teeth. Limb of corolla longer than the tube. Stigmas long,

hairy. Fruit 1} line long; mericarps convex at back, densely clothed with white,

short hairs; the commissure a little concave. One of the mericarps is often abortive ;

the fertile cell separated from the sterile by a deeply bi-parted spinule.

18. A. Crocyllis (Sond.) ; stem erect; branches spreading, glabrous,

minutely downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, obtuse, fleshy, glabrous ;

stipules minute, bifid ; flowers hermaphrodite, pentandrous, paniculate;

style bifid from the middle, stigmas papillate; fruit (when young) obo-

vate ; mericarps hirsute. Crocyllis anthospermoides, E, Meyer.

Has. Stony places near Verleptpram on the Garip, Drege; Namaqualand, A.

Wyley. Sept. (Herb. Sd., D.) = %

At first sight known from A. Lichtensteinii by the white, spreading branches and

panicled inflorescence. Seemingly a large shrub. Leaves 3-6 lines long, about 1

line broad, a little convex above, sulcate beneath, solitary or tufted, the ultimate

short branches forming a cymose panicle. Flowers 2 lines long ; calyx 5-fid, with

acute lobes ; corolla appressed-hairy outside ; tube conical, about as long as the

lanceolate lobes. Anthers linear. Ovary didymous, clothed with long, white hairs,

2-celled ; cells t-ovuled. Style glabrous ; the spreading stigmas sub-exserted. Ripe

fruit unknown.—Perhaps to be separated from Anthospermum, as a distinct genus ?

XXI. CARPACOCE, Sond.

Flowers polygamous; hermaphrodite and male on the same plant.

Herm. Fl.: Calyx 5-fid; lobes subulate, persistent, equal or 1 longer.

Corolla funnel-shaped, tube short, limb 5-parted, lobes spreading, linear-

lanceolate, with a reversed tooth above the thick-pointed apex. Stamens

5, inserted in the tube ; filaments capillary; anthers linear-oblong.

Ovary cuneate, 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Style very short, terminated by a very

long, hairy stigma. J ruwit crowned by the calyx, 2-seeded, didymons,

easily separated when ripe ; or 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds obovate or

oblong, affixed atthe base. Commissure subconcave. Albumen subcartil-

aginous. Male flowers: Calyzx as in the hermaphrodite flower. Corolla

Ambraria. | RUBIACEH (Sond.) 33

tubular, 5-toothed. Stamens 5. Style none.—Anthospermi spec. auct.

Small shrubs. Stems branched. Leaves opposite, linear or lanceolate. Stipules

adhering to the petioles at the base. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteated.—Name

from xapmos, fruit, and akwxy, a point, in allusion to the fruit being terminated by

the calycine point.

Calyx-lobes equal, subulate. Fr. 2-seeded. Lvs. linear ...... (1) scabra.

Cal.-lobes uneq., 1 much longer. Fr. 1-seeded. Lys. lanceolate (2) spermacocea.

1. C. scabra (Sond.); stems much branched, branches minutely

downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, subtrigonal, acuminated, scabrous

on the margins and keel; flowers axillary, sessile; fruit crowned by

the subulate, calycine limb. Anthospermum scabrum. Thunb.! Fl. Cap.

158. Cruse! diss.p.14. H. Z./ n. 2313.

Has, Mountains near Capetown, Thunbd., Bergius ; Middelenfontain, Mundt and

Maire; Hott.-holld. and Van Stadensbg., EZ. ¢ Z. July—-Sept. (Hb. Th., Sd., D.)

Stem very short; branches slender, erect, 1 foot high. Leaves 3-1 inch long,

narrow-linear, with a cartilaginous point, ciliolato-scabrous on the margins, aggre-

gate at the top of the branches. Calyx-lobes acuminate, nearly 2 lines long. Lobes

of corolla 3-4 times longer than the short tube. Fruit quite glabrous, cuneate,

about 1 line long and broad, sub-compressed ; the calyx-lobes spreading, longer than

the fruit. Seeds obovate, rugose.

2. C. spermacocea (Sond.); stem herbaceous, flexuous, branched,

glabrous, but minutely downy at the apex; leaves opposite, lanceolate,

with scabrous margins; stipules entire; flowers axillary, solitary, pedi-

cellate, glabrous; fruit crowned by the calycine limb. Anthospermum

spermacoceum, Reichb. in Spreng. syst. 4, p. 338. Cruse! Linn. 6, p. 17.

EH. Z. . 2312. A. foetidum, Eckl. in Herb. Un. itin. n. 30. Lagotis

spermacocea, E. Meyer.

Has. Cape flats ; Table and Devil’s Mts. ; near Zwellendam, and in Caledon, £. Z. ;

Dutoitskloof, Drege. Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 487. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Habit of Anthosp. lanceolatum. Stem 1 or more feet high, erect or decumbent,

rather angular. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with incurved point, paler

beneath. Stipules pilose, cleft into bristles. Peduncles 3-6 lines long. Calyx 1

line long, nearly cylindrical; one of the lobes nearly 3-4 times longer than the

others, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Tube of corolla short; lobes lanceolate.

Fruit conical or subcylindrical, 2-celled, but 1 cell always abortive, minute.

XXIL AMBRARIA, Cruse.

Flowers dicecious, exactly as in Anthospermum. Capsule indehiscent,

pseudo-3-locular, the intermediate cell vacant, the lateral ones 1-seeded,

or 4-locular ; 2 of the cells fertile, 1-seeded. Cruse dissert. Rub. Cap.

p.16,t.1,£3&4. Nenax,Gertn. de fruct. et sem. pl. 1, p. 165, t. Xxxii. f.7,

Small shrubs, with linear leaves and axillary flowers.—Name derived from Cape

Ambra? in Madagascar.

Fruit glabrous.

Leaves linear, ciliate, ternately verticillate .. : (1) glabra.

Leaves linear, glabrous, opposite ... 0... +. ++. +++ =» (2) acerosa,

Leaves (minute) ovate, acute, glabrous, verticillate ... ... (3) microphylla.

Fruit tomentose 23.0 ase eee eee se Ct. «=(4) Hirt

1. A. glabra (Cruse! 1 c. p. 17, t. 1, f. 3) ; stem ascending or sub-

erect ; branches quadrangular, glabrous; leaves 6-12 in a whorl, con-

VOL. II. 3

34 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) | Rubia

nate at base, linear, acute, subtriquetrous, margins and keel ciliated ;

fruit obovately subglobose, glabrous. Linnea 6, p. 18. #. Z.! . 2317.

Var. B. Tulbaghica ; branches virgate; fruit elliptic-oblong.

Var. y. papillata; fruit small, subglobose, papillate.

Has. Cape flats; var. 8. near Waterfall, Tulbagh. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Stem branched, 1-2 feet high ; young branches reddish, shining. Leaves flat

above, keeled beneath, 3-6 lines long, 4-1 line broad. Stipules obtuse, not toothed.

Fl. very small, axillary, subverticillate. Calyx 4-, rarely 5-toothed. Fruit 3- or 4-

locular, variable in size, usually 2 lines long, subangular, in some specimens only 1

line long, nearly globose ; in var. 8. 24 lines long, obsoletely angular, crowned by

the short, acute or obtuse calycine limb.

2. A. acerosa (Sond.) ; stem erect, much branched; branches terete,

glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear, subtriquetrous, quite glabrous; fruit

elliptical, glabrous. Nenax acerosa, EL. Z. 2319+

Has. Stony places near Tulbaghskloof, Worcester. Sept. #. Z. (Herb. Sd.)

An erect greyish shrub, very different in habit from A. glabra. Ultimate branches

very short. Leaves spreading, 2-3 lines long, 4 line broad, acute. Male flowers

tetrandrous, exactly as in Anthospermum. Female flowers with long, hairy stigmas.

Fruit 2 lines long, obsoletely angular, 4-locular, terminated by the nearly obsolete

calyx-teeth.

3. A. microphylla (Sond.); stem woody, with short, glabrous, at

length subspinous branches ; leaves sessile, whorled, ovate-acute, sub-

concave above, nerve-keeled beneath, glabrous; fruit globose, glabrous ;

4-locular.

Has. Rocky places; Sandriver, Zeyh. 769. Burke, 506. Jan. (Herb. Sd., D.)

_ A dwarf, grey shrub, with numerous short branches. Leaves spreading, recurved,

4-1 line long, fleshy, carinate or concave above, a little scabrous on the margins.

Flowers very small, axillary, sessile. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit red, about

1 line in diameter, 4-celled, 2 cells sterile.

4. A. hirta (Cruse! Diss. p. 17, t.1,f2); stem woody, much-branched,

densely hairy at top; leaves 3 ina whorl, linear, acute, subtriquetrous,

margins and keel ciliated; fruit obovate or subglobose, tomentose, 3—4-

locular. Linn. 6, p. 19. #. §& Z. 2318.

Var. 8. macrocarpa (E. & Z. 1. c.); leaves longer and fruit larger.

Has. Devil’s Mt. near Drieankerbay, Bergius; mts. near Capetown and near the

cataract of Worcester, L. § Z.; var. B. on Breederiver, Mundt; Bosjesveld on the

Doornriver, Drege. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. D. Sd.)

Shrub about 1 foot high. Branches numerous from the base, with short branchlets

at top. Leaves much aggregated in the axils of the verticils, 2-3 lines, in var. 8.

3-5 lines long, equalling the internodes. Flowers 3-6, verticillate-spiked. Calyx

4-5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, Stamens exserted.

Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit 1-14 lines, in var. 6. 2-2} lines long, obsoletely

angular, crowned by the acute, nearly glabrous calycine limb,

Drege’s No. 7660, 7661, 7664, 7665 cannot be satisfactorily determined. No.

1144, of which the ripe fruit is wanting, seems to be a very distinct species.

XXIII. RUBIA, Linn.

Calyx-tube ovyate-globose ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla 4-5-parted, ro-

tate. Stamens 4-5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, nearly

globose, baceate, juicy. Zam. ill. t. 60. DU. prod. 4, p. 588.

Galium. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 35

Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse, much branched, tetragonal. Leaves oppo-

site, usually furnished with 1-2, rarely 3-4, stipules on both sides, which are very

like the leaves, forming 4-10-leaved whorls. Flowers small, greenish-white or pale-

yellow. Berries black, rarely red or white.— Name from ruber, red ; in allusion to

the red colour of the roots, which yield the dye called Madder.

Leaves petioled, membranaceous, cordate-acuminate ... ... ... (1) cordifolia.

Leaves petioled, subcoriaceous, cordate-acute ... ... ... ... ... (2) petiolaris.

Leaves sessile, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous... (3) peregrina.

1. R. cordifolia (Linn. mant. p. 197); leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate,

cordate-acuminate, 5-nerved, membranous, beset with prickles on the

middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of stems; panicle longer than

the leaves ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous, R. cordifolia, et mun-

jista, DC. l. c. p. 588. R. petiolaris, H. Z. n. 2320, ex pte. Drege, 7669.

Has. In Caffraria, £. § Z.; Drege. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 405, Gerr. ¢ WK.

561, 562, Krauss. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem several feet long. Larger leaves 1-14 inch long, 7-1 inch broad, not cori-

aceous, much veined. Panicle 3-4 inches long, trichotomous. Lobes of corolla

ovate-acuminate. Berries black.

2. R. petiolaris (DC. 1. c. p. 588) ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, petiolate,

cordate, acute, 3-nerved, or the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, I-nerved,

rather coriaceous, beset with prickles on the middle nerve, margins, pe-

tioles and angles of stem; panicle abbreviate ; flowers tetramerous or

pentamerous,

Var. a. isophylla; all the leaves cordate-acute. R. cordifolia, Thunb. / fl. cap.

p. 151, non Lin. Zeyh. n. 2721. R. petiolaris, E. Z. ex pte.

Var. 8. heterophylla; lower leaves cordate, upper ones oblong-lanceolate or lan-

ceolate. R. petiolaris, DC. l. C.

Has. Among shrubs on the sea shore near Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, and at

the mouth of the Vanstadensrivier, Thunb. E. § Z. Drege. Dec. Var. B. on the great

Vetriver, Burke § Zeyh. 774. March. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.

Stem ascending, about 1 foot—in Var. B. apparently 2 feet and more high, much

branched, Leaves serrato-scabrous, 4—6 lines long, 3~5 lines broad, the upper ones

in var. 8B. 3-1 inch long, 1-1} lines broad. Petioles the length of the leaves or

longer, tetragonal. Panicle mostly few-flowered, in var. 8. more ; the

Ls ga us, spreading. Flowers as in R. cordifolia. Berries black. —It is

from the by much smaller, coriaceous, not wringer

waat avis and a different habit.

3. RB. peregrina (Lin. Spec. p. 158) ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, perma-

nent, sessile, /anceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-nerved, veinless, shining

above, smooth, but scabrous from hooked prickles on the margins and

along ‘the angles of the stem; peduncles axillary, 3-chotomous. ngl.

Bot. t. 851. R. anglica, Huds. R. lucida, Linn. R. levis, Thunb. A. cap.

p. 151. R. lucida, var. 8. herb. Thunb.

Has. Cape, Thunbderg. (Introduced from Europe.)

XXIV. GALIUM, Scop.

Calyx with an ovate-globose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb.

Corolla 4-parted, rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short. Styles 2,

short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, compone of 2

indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps. DC. prodr. 4, p. 593.

36 RUBIACEH (Sond.) [Galium.

Branched herbs. Leaves forming whorls along with the leaf-like stipules. In-

florescence variable. Name from ‘yada, milk; some species are used for curdling

milks.

1, Annual (a weed of cultivation) ... ... ... ... ... ... (10) Aparine,

2, Perennials.

Fruit glabrous, granulated

Pedicels very long, villous ... ... ... .. ... «. (13) tomentosum.

Pedicels short.

quite glabrous... (11) glabrum.

branches and peduncles densely hairy ...... (12) asperum.

Fruit smooth, glabrous or hairy, hairs not hooked.

Stem or branches smooth or hispid, not prickly.

Flowers solitary, subsessile ... 2... 1... 0...

Flowers peduncled.

Stem and lanceolate lvs. villous; fruit glabrous (2) monticolum.

Stem, lin-lanceolate leaves and fr. glabrous (or

GOWDY) nn, one es nee tee nee tee’ eee GB) Capen.

Stem, oblong lvs., pedicels and fruit densely hairy (9)

Stem, lanc. lvs. and fr. hairy; pedicels glabrous (8) Dregeanum.

Stem or branches scabrous or serrated by reflex prickles. :

Leaves linear, subtriquetrous ; flowers panicled (6) horridum.

Leaves lanceolate ; peduncles solitary, 2-flowered (7) mucronifernm.

Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs or bristles.

Leaves linear :

(1) Amatymbicum,

Stem eréet; downy = 2 tees = (4) Wittbergense.

Stem climbing, weak, glabrous ... ... --. +. (5) Garipense.

Leaves roundish-ovate ... 0. ss. ++ ++ (14) rotundifolium.

1. G. Amatymbicum (E. & Z.! n. 2328); whole plant hispid; stems

cxspitose, diffuse, filiform, 4-sided, much branched ; leaves 6 ina whorl,

lanceolate, acute; peduncles axillary, solitary, very short; fruit hispid.

Has. Acacia fields near the Key R., Tambukiland, #. 4 Z. Dec. (Hb. D., Sd.)

A small prostrate herb, with the habit of G. helveticum. Leaves 2-3 lines long,

acute at both ends, ciliate-hairy. Peduncle 3 line long, in fruit recurved. Flowers

white. Fr. densely hispid, 4 line in diameter.

2. G. monticolum (Sond.); stem erect, branched, 4-sided, villous ;

leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, nearly terete by the

revolute margins, villous on both sides; peduncles axillary and terminal,

1- or few- flowered ; corollas and fruit glabrous.

Has. Mountains near Capetown, Ecklon. (Herb. Sd.)

Habit of G. maritimum, L., and agreeing in the pubescence and leaves, but differing

by glabrous pedicels, fl., and fr. ; branches 2 inches long, with very short lateral

branchlets, bearing the flowers. Leaves 3~4 lines long, reflexed, with incurved tips.

Fl. very small, pedicels 1 line long.

3. G. Capense (Thunb.! Prod. p. 30); stem ascending or erect,

downy or subscabrous, branched ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceo-

late or linear, mucronate, quite glabrous, rarely ciliolate on the revolute

margins ; peduncles lateral, 1-3-flowered ; floriferous branches panicled ;

fruit glabrous, smooth, or a little downy. G. expansum, E. Z., 2326,

ex pte., H, Mey. in herb. Dreg.

Vaz. 8. minus; stems ascending, short, weak. G. mucronatum, Thunb./ I. ¢.

Zeyh. 773, ex pte. ;

Vas. y. expansum; stem glabrous, downy or subscabrous ; panicle larger ; fruit

glabrous or a little downy. _G. expansum, Thunb,! ke ok Za Prag mucronatum,

E. Z. 2327. Drege, 7675, 7678, 7680, 7681, 7685. Zeyh. 1773, ex pte.

Galiwm.| RUBIACEE (Sond.) 37

Var. 8. setabrum; stem, branches and leaves scabrous-hairy ; fruit a little downy.

G. Namaquense, E. Z.! 2322. Drege, 7682, 7683.

Hak. Sandy spots, and on mts. throughout the colony. Var. 3. high mts, near

Heerelogement, Clanw., #. § Z., Drege. Sept—Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)

Polymorphous ; var. a. resembling @, sawatile, var. B. G. uliginoswm. Stems from

4-2 feet high, often numerous from the perennial roots ; sometimes terete at the

very base, but usually 4-sided as well as the mostly simple branches. Leaves 4-6

lines long, about 4 line broad, spreading or reflexed. The axillary inflorescence

longer than the leaves, Flowers white. Fruit very small.

4. G. Wittbergense (Sond.); stem erect; branches spreading, downy;

leaves 6-8 in a whorl, erect-spreading, linear, mucronate, glabrous,

ciliate-scabrous on the revolute margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary,

cymose-tripartite; cyme equalling the leaves; fruit hispid, with hooked

hairs.

Has. Rocky, wet places in the Wittbergen, 6-7o00 ft. Jan. Drege. (Herb. Sd.)

Very like G. Capense; differing by cymose peduncle and hispid fruit. Lower

branches } foot long. Leaves 5-6 lines long, with a longish mucro, peduncle at the

apex 3-parted, bracteated, the pedicels bifid. Fruit very small, didymous.

5. G. Garipense (Sond.); stem climbing, much-branched, 4-sided,

as well as the branches quite glabrous, smooth or a little scabrous from

scattered, reversed, minute prickles; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, much

spreading or reflexed, linear, mucronate, glabrous; peduncles axillary,

solitary, cymose-tripartite, 2-3 times longer than the leaves; fruit hispid

with hooked hairs.

Has. On the Garip near Buffelvallei, 4000 ft. Dec. Drege; Buffaloeriver, Gerr.

§ M‘K. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Habit of G. wliginosum ; prickles on the stem and branches very minute, sometimes

wanting. Leaves shorter than the internodes, 3-4 lines long, 4 line broad. Peduncles

and divaricate pedicels with 1 or 2 leafy bracts. Fruit as in the preceding, from

which this species is distinguished by the more diffuse habit, glabrous, often prickly

stem, smaller spreading or reflexed smooth leaves, and longer cymes,

6. G. horridum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, 4—6-sided,

prickly along the angles ; leaves 8 or more in a whorl, elongated-linear,

subtriquetous, reflexed, serrated from reversed prickles on the margius

and keel ; panicle axillary, elongate, trichotomous ; fruit glabrous.

Has. Cape, Massonin herb. Thunb.; Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K.1339; Magalisberg,

Dec. Zeyh. 771. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)

Like G. Aparine, but is a stronger perennial herb, armed by larger prickles, and

easily known by the long 3-angled leaves. Stem at the base nearly as thick as a

’s quill. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1-1} line broad, channelled above, sharply

keeled beneath. Panicle in our specimens 2~4 inches long ; the flower bearing pedicels

1-2 lines long. Flowers glabrous. Ripe fruit didymous, about 14 line in diameter.

7. G. mucroniferum (Sond.); stem erect or ascending, 4-sided,

glabrous, prickled on the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, with a

longish muero, prickly along the margins, shining ; peduncles axillary,

solitary, 2-flowered; pedicels as long as the peduncle, and fruit glabrous,

G. mucronatum, E. Mey. non Thunb. Drege, 7677, 7684, 7686, 7689.

Has. Wet rocky places, near Gnadenthal, Dutoitskloof, Drege; in Caffraria, E. Z.

Oct._Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.) f

Stems 4~1} foot, minutely prickled. Internodes as long or longer than the leaves,

| a

38 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Galvwm.

shining. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1 line broad, with recurved prickles on margins and

middle nerve. Pedune. and pedicels capillary, bracteated at the division. Flowers

glabrous. Ripe fruit the size of a small peppercorn, shining; one of the mericarps

often abortive. It varies with downy ovaries.

§. G. Dregeanum (Sond.); stem erect, 4-sided, densely beset with

spreading hairs, at length subscabrous; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear-

lanceolate, mucronate, ciliate-hairy on both sides, with revolute margins;

peduncles axillary, solitary, 2-flowered ; pedicels about as long as the

peduncles, glabrous ; fruit hispidulous.

Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege, 7688. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Very similar to G. mucroniferum, but more robust, and well distinguished by the

hirsute stem and hairy, more revolute, leaves. Peduncles as long as the leaves or

longer. Fruit didymous.

9. G. subvillosum (Sond.) ; stem ascending, 4-sided, densely beset

with short, spreading hairs, subscabrous when old; leaves 6 in a whorl,

oblong, obtuse, mucronate, ciliate-hairy on both sides, with recurved

margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3-flowered ; pedicels as long as

the peduncle or shorter, hairy, as well as the young fruit.

Has. Dutoitskloof, 1-2000 ft. Oct.Jan. Drege, 7687. (Herb. Sd.)

Of this I have only seen a single specimen. It resembles exactly @. villosum,

Lam. Leaves 3 lines long, 1 line broad, with short recurved mucro, peduncles equal-

ling the leaves, sometimes longer, with a leafy bract at top; pedicels 2-6 lines long,

spreading, hairy. Ripe fruit unknown.

10, G. Aparine (L. Spec. p. 157) ; annual; stems weak, 4-sided, sca-

brous from reversed prickles ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate,

apiculate, r-nerved, scabrous from reversed prickles along the margins

and keel; peduncles axillary, simple and bifid, sometimes panicled,

scabrous ; fruit didymously globose, very hispid from hooked bristles.

Engl. bot. 816. G. horridum, E. Z.! 2329, non Thunb. Drege, 7670,

7673. “eyh. 2722, 2723, 2724.

Has. Shady places near Capetown, and throughout the Colony. Sept.—Oct.

(Herb. Sd., D.)

“Common cleavers” or “ goose-grass.” Stem climbing, villous or scabrous at the

nodes, Leaves sometimes larger, obovate-lanceolate. Fl. white or greenish. The

small specimens from Hassaquaskloof, Zeyh. 2722, agree perfectly with G. tenerum,

Schleich. from Switzerland. (Probably introduced from Europe. |

11. G. glabrum (Thunb.! FI. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, flexuous, te-

tragonal, glabrous, prickly along the angles; leaves 6 in a whorl, obo-

vate-oblong, shortly-pointed, glabrous, serrated by reversed prickles

along the margin ; peduncles capillary, glabrous, terminal and lateral,

panicled. #.Z./ 2325. G. uncinatum, Licht. Bart.et Wendl. Beyt.2, p.12.

Has. In woods, Duyvelsbosch and Voormannsbosch, near Puspas valley, Swell.,

E. § Z.; Buffeljagdrivier, Zeyh. 2725. Oct. (Herb. Thunb., Sd.)

Stem 2 ft. and more, alternately branched, resembling G. sylvaticum, L. Leaves

8-12 lines long, 4 lines broad, minutely punctate, obtuse, with short mucro-like

point. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Fl. small, white. Fr. 1 line long, densely

granulated.

_ 12. G. asperum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, flexuous, 4-

sided, as well as the branches and peduncles, densely clothed with white

VALERIANE (Sond.) 39

hairs, the old stems sub-glabrous and scabrous along the angles ; leaves

6 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, mucronate, glabrous, serrated by reversed

prickles on the margins; peduncles capillary, terminal and lateral, dis-

posed in a panicle ; pedicels 2-4 times longer than the flower. E. Z.!

2323. G. tomentosum, E. Meyer, var.

Has. Among shrubs in Stellenbosch, Worcester, Swellendam, and Uitenhage,

Thunb. E. § Z.; Drege, 7671, 7672; Namaqualand, 4. Wyley. Oct.Jan. (Herb.

Thunb., D., Sd.)

Nearly intermediate between G. glabrum and the following, differing from the

first by the densely hairy branches and panicle, from G@. tomentosum by the short

pedicels. In some of the larger specimens the lower part is quite glabrous, but the

branches and peduncles are clothed with short, usually reversed hairs, Flowers

glabrous, white. Fruit as in @. glabrum.

13. G. tomentosum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 151); stem climbing, 4-

sided, much branched, with the angles scabrous, hairy, or glabrous and

prickled ; upper branches densely clothed with white hairs; leaves 4-6

in a whorl, obovate, or obovate-oblong, glabrous, prickled on the mar-

gins; peduncles dichotomous, capillary, villous, forming a large panicle;

pedicels elongated, 10~20 times a than the flower. E.Z.! 2324. G.

maritinum, Thunb. Prodr., not of Linn. G. asperum, var. B. villosum,

E. Z. 2323. Zeyh. 2720. :

Has. Among shrubs, through the colony. Oct—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

Well distinguished by the long (1 inch and more) villous pedicels. Leaves smaller

than in G. asperum, 5-6 lines long, 2 lines broad. Fl. glabrous. Fr. 1 line in diam.

14. G. rotundifolium (Linn. Spec. p. 156); stem diffuse, glabrous or

hispid; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish-ovate, 3-nerved, ciliated ; pedun-

cles axillary and terminal, loose, elongated, naked, trichotomous at the

apex ; fruit nearly globose, beset with hooked bristles. Boece. Sic. t. 6, f.

1. Jacg. Astr.t.94. G. Thunbergianum, E. Z, 2321.

Var. 8. hirsutum; stems, leaves, and peduncles densely hairy. G. rotundifolium,

Thunb. fl. aap. p. 153.

Has. Mountains; Katriviersberg, 2. ¢ Z.; Dornkop near Vetrivier, Zeyh. 772.

Natal, Gerr. ¢ MWK. 1338. Var. 8. Masson in herb. Thunb. Feb.-March. (Herb.

pa rong abun Ge Sbicedh, + Sook high glabrous or hispid ee ie

7 : 0; . ves

long, 3-5 lines broad. Fl. white Set, «5: ¥ aatehind cay diftcalie bateroen

the South African and European plants. , :

Orper LXXIV. VALERIANEZ, DC.

(By W. Sonper).

Flowers mostly bisexual. Calyx-tube adnate ; limb 3-4-toothed, often

enlarged after flowering. Corolla epigynous, tubular, usually 5-, rarely

3—4-lobed, subunequal, the lobes obtuse, imbricate in bud. Stamens 1-

5, inserted in the tube, alternate with the lobes of the corolla; anthers

separate, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled; ovules solitary,

pendulous ; style filiform. Frwt dry (like an achene), crowned with

the often enlarged calyx-limb, 1-3-celled ; 2 cells abortive. Seed pen-

dulous. Embryo straight, without albumen.

40 VALERIANE (Sond.) [ Valerianella.

Herbaceous, rarely half-shrubby plants, with opposite, often cut or pinnatisect,

exstipulate leaves. Flowers in cymes or fascicles, or solitary in the forks of the

branches, small, A small Order, chiefly from the temperate zones of both hemi-

spheres ; abundant in the Andean region of South America.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

I. Valerianella,—Calyx small, unequally toothed, crowning the fruit.

TI. Valeriana.—Calyx a thickened margin, crowning the ovary, at length unfold-

ing into a feathery pappus.

I. VALERIANELLA, Poll.

Limb of calyx toothed. Corolla regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Stigma

almost undivided, or trifid. Frwit 3-celled, rather membranous, gene-

rally 2 of the cells fertile. Pollich palat. 1, 29. Endl. gen. 2181.

Annuals, Stems dichotomous at the top. Leaves oblong or linear, undivided or

toothed, or the upper ones pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the forks, or in fascicles

or corymbs, bracteate, small, white, rarely rose-coloured.—Name, a diminution of

Valeriana. *

1, V. eriocarpa (Desv. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 314, t. 11, f. 2)’; fruit ovate,

obsoletely ribbed, convex at back, and flattish in front ; limb of calyx

as broad as the fruit, campanulate, obliquely truncate, reticulate-veined,

minutely 6-8-toothed ; flowers densely corymbose. Koch, Syn. ed. 2, 372.

Reichb, won. fl. germ. 1406, t. 713. Fedia campanulata, Presl, sic. 11,

Has. Near Grootvadersbosch, Oct. Zeyh. 2726. (Herb. Sd.)

4 inches to 1 foot high, downy; branches spreading. Leaves spathulate, entire.

Corymbs nearly capitate. Flowers very small. Limb of calyx erect. Fruit hispid,

or glabrous at the base. The 2 abortive cells in the front of the fruit form 2 project-

ing lines or ribs; the perfect cell is terminated by the broad, acute tooth.

II, VALERIANA, Linn. :

Limb of calyx involute at the time of flowering, but at length un-

folding into a deciduous pappus, composed of many plumose bristles.

Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft, gibbous at the base. Stamens 3. Fruit

1-celled and 1-seeded at maturity. JL. gen. 44. DC. prod. 4, p. 632.

Endl. gen. 2186.

Herbs or sub-shrubs, Leaves variable even in the same plant. Flowers corym-

bose, capitate or panicled, white, rarely blue, rose-coloured or yellow.—Name from

valere, to be powerful, on account of the medical virtues of V. officinalis,

_ 1. V.Capensis (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 33); stem erect, striated; leaves

imparipinnate; leaflets opposite or alternate, ovate, acute, toothed, the

terminal one largest ; corymb panicled ; flowers triandrous. E. Z. 2330.

Has. In kloofs and moist valleys ; distr. of Cape, itenhage

and in Caffraria. Dec—Feb. (Herb. D, Sd) are ey

Habit of Vz officinalis. Stem 2-3 feet high, glabrous or hairy on the joints.

Leaves with 4-8 pairs of glabrous or pilose leaflets, the odd one ovate or acuminate,

1 inch or more long, the lateral ones gradually smaller. Lower leaves on long foot-

stalks, upper ones sessile and with narrower leaflets. Panicle, flowers, and fruit as

in V, officinalis,

Cephalaria. | DIPSACEEH (Sond.) 41

Orper LXXV. DIPSACEA, Vaill.

(By W. Sonver).

Flowers perfect, crowded in heads, on a common receptacle, surrounded

by a general involucre ; each flower also seated in a calyx-like, dry,

persistent involucel. Calyx-tube adnate; limb cup-like, subentire or

split into several naked or feathery bristles, often enlarged after flower-

ing. Corolia epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, somewhat 2-lipped,

4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube, alternate

with the lobes of the corolla, two mostly longer ; filaments exserted ;

anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary,

pendulous; style filiform; stigma simple. rwéta dry utricle, crowned

by the enlarged, persistent calyx-limb, and enclosed in the cup-like

involucel. Seed pendulous. Hmbryo straight, in the axis of fleshy

albumen.

Herbs or rarely suffrutices, with opposite or whorled, simple, often pinnatisect or

lyrate, exstipulate leaves. Pubescence mostly copious, rough or silky. A small

Order, chiefly from the warmer parts of the temperate zones; abundant in the

Mediterranean region. The type of the Order is Dipsacus, the ‘‘ Teasle,” whose old

and prickly flower-heads are used in carding wool.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. i

I. Cephalaria.—Jnv. scales imbricate in several rows, shorter than the pale.

Calyx-limb cup-like or discoid.

IT. Scabiosa.—Znv. scales sub-biseriate. Calyz-limb crowned with 5 bristles. 747

: I. CEPHALARIA, Schrad.

Involucre of many imbricated leaves, shorter than the pale. Invo-

lucel 4-angled, 8-furrowed, terminated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Limb

of calyx rather cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4.

Fruit tetragonal, crowned by the limb of calyx and the involucel.

Schrad. Catal. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1814. Scabiosee, spec. Linn, et others.

Endl. Gen. n. 2192. ; :

Perennial herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, rarely entire. Heads of flowers

terminal, globose ; palee imbricated, outer ones sterile. Corollas white, cream-

si or lilac. Name from kepady, a head, the flowers are disposed in round

Lys. linear, quite entire ... 2... 0 .0. 1. ses see eee eee (1) Lavandulacen.

Lys. oval-oblong, serrated ... ... eet nes wee wee ee (2) Tigi.

Lys, elongate-lanceolate, 3-fid or pinnate; lobes quite entire (3) attenuata,

Lvs. lyrately-pinnatifid or inciso-serrate; lobes toothed ; stem

Rob ADE os ka a a, ee

Lys. pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, incised; stem "28

1. C. lavandulacea (Sond.); glabrous ; stem terete ; leaves linear ;

I-nerved, quite entire, with revolute margins ; peduncle elongate ;

heads subglobose ; scales of inyolucre ovate, obtuse, ciliate; palee

acute ; flowers pubescent, 4-fid.

Has. Houhoeksbergen, Stellenbosch., 1000-3000 ft. July. E ¢Z. (Herb. Sd.)

Plant 1 foot or more high, erect or ascending. Leaves sessile, approximate,

42 DIPSACEZ (Sond.) [ Cephalaria.

times longer than the internodes, 1-14 inch long, 1 line broad; middle nerve im-

pressed on the upper side. Peduncle 3-4 inches. Head of flowers as large as a

hazel nut. Involucre of about to scales, Corollas equal, white? or pale rose-coloured,

nearly 4 inch long, downy outwards, lobes ovate, a little shorter than the tube. Fruit

unknown. Habit of Lavandula ( Lavender ).

2. C. rigida (Schrad. 1. c.); stem terete; branches elongate ; leaves

rigid, ovate-oblong, serrated, often eared at base, upper ones lanceolate ;

heads nearly globose ; scales ovate, obtuse, ciliated, appressed-pubescent,

at length glabrous. Scabiosa rigida, L. Mant. p. 328. Thunb.! Fl. Cap.

143. Sieb. Fl. Cap. exs. 252. Ceph. rigida et scabra, EB. Z.! 2331, 2332:

Herb. Un. Itin. 727. Commel, Hort. Amstel. t. 93.

Var. a. glabra; quite glabrous.

Var. f. seabra; scabrous with short, rigid hairs.

Has. Mts, near Capetown, andin Hottentottsholland ; Natal, Krauss. Dec.—Feb:

(Herb. Th., Sd., D.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high ; branches elongate, opposite, leafless in the upper part; lower

lvs. close, 14-3 in. long, }~-1 in. broad, upper ones smaller, lanceolate, with revolute

margins. Heads the size of a walnut. Flowers white, downy outside, 4-fid; lobes

ovate, twice shorter than the tube. Fruit quadrangular, cuneate, silky-pubescent.

3. C. attenuata (R. & Sch. Syst. Veg. ITT. p. 44); stem striated or

angular; leaves oblong, lanceolate or sublinear, entire, trifid or pinnati-

fid; lobes divergent, quite entire; heads globose; scales obtuse, villous ;

palez acute.

Var. a. leaves oblong, glabrous or hairy, with ciliate margins ; cauline ones

entire or pi ifid peta Lar C. decurrens, E. Z.! 2333. C.ustulata, E. Mey.

and 9554, Herb. Drege. S. rigida, Krauss, Herb. 320.

Var. 8. glabrous; leaves elongate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, entire or

pinnatifid at the base, lobes spreading, acute, quite entire; cauline leaves entire or

more or less pinnatifid. Scab. attenuata, Lin. fil. Suppl. 118. Willd, Spec. 1, 546. S.

trifida, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 144. Zeyh. 2333. Ceph. attenuata, E. § Z.! 3234. C. longi-

folia, E. Mey.

Var. y. glabrous or hairy; lower leaves pinnatifid; lobes decurrent, linear, acute,

diverging, quite entire; cauline leaves entire or pinnatifid. Scab. decurrens, Thunb.

l.c. Se. humilis, Thunb. 1. c. Ceph. decurrens, R. § Schult. C. attenuata, LE. Z. ex pte.

Has. Wet places and grassy hills ; var. a. in Keiskamma, between Stadesmountains

and Krakakamma, near Grahamstown, and Port Natal; var. 8. in distr. Uitenhage,

George and Port Natal; var. y. Albany. Dec.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)

Stem 1-2 feet. Branches angle-furrowed, leafless or nearly so. Petioles of the

radical leaves 1 inch-1 foot long. Leaves in var. a. about 2 inches long, }~1 inch

broad, in var. 6 sometimes 1 foot long, 4 lines-14 inch broad, coriaceous; rhachis

and lobes of var. y 2-3 lines broad. Lower stem leaves sessile, attenuate at the

base. Heads as large as a small walnut, or smaller. Scales and palew purplish or

blackish at the apex.

4, C. ustulata (R. & Sch. Lc p. 43); glabrous or hairy; stem

striately angular; lvs. lyrate-pinnatifid or serrate-incised, lobes toothed ;

heads globose ; scales villous, obtuse ; inner palex acute.

Var. a, glabrous ; stem branched ; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid ; lobes ovate

toothed ; scales and palez purplish at the apex. Scab. ustulata, Th. Fl. Cap. 144-

Van. 8, pilosa ; stem simple ; lower leaves serrate or lyrate-incised at the base ;

lobes serrate ; upper leaves pinnatifid.

Scabiosa. | DIPSACEA (Sond.) 43

Has. Var. a, Bocklandsberg, Nov.—Dec., Thunb.; var. 8. Caledonriver and Ma-

galisberg, and stony places near Commissiepoort, Zey. 779. (Herb, Th., D., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet. Radical leaves petiolate, in var. a, nearly 6 inches long, 14-2

inches broad ; lobes decurrent, upper ones larger, the terminal ovate, incised-toothed ;

in var. 8, 3-4 inches long, 6-9 lines broad, sharply-toothed or pinnately-incised ;

lobes ovate-oblong. Heads nearly the same as in the preceding, subglobose in var.

8, with more downy but not sphacelate apex. Corolla pubescent. :

5. C. seabra (R. & Sch. 1c. 44); stem erect, terete, rigid, branched,

as well as the leaves scabrous-hairy; leaves stiff, pinnatifid or bipinna-

tifid ; lobes linear, dentately-cut, acute, with revolute margins ; scales

villous, obtuse ; palese acute. Se. scabra, Th. ! Cap. 144. Linn. f. Sup. 118,

Has. Hills near Zoetemelksvalley, Thunb.; Winterhoeksberg, 1000-2000 feet,

Drege. Jan—Feb. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Plant 2-3 feet high; branches elongated, rigid. Leaves sessile, 2 inches long,

lobes about 4-6 lines long, as well as the rhachis, 1, rarely 2, lines broad. Heads

the size of small walnuts. Flowers pubescent, white.

II. SCABIOSA, Linn.

Involucre of many leaves, nearly biseriate. Receptacle chaffy. Invo-

lucels usually cylindrical, with 8 foveole, terminated by a campanulate

or rotate, scarious limb. Jimé of calyx tapering into a neck at the base,

and ending in 5-awned bristles, or 1-4 by abortion. Corolla 4~5-cleft.

Stamens 4. Roem. et Schult. Syst. ITI. 2. Asterocephalus, Vaill. Endl. Gen.

2195.

Perennial or suffruticose herbs. Leaves variable. Heads of flowers depressed.

Outer flowers of heads usually radiant. Name from scabies, the itch; which disorder

the common sort is said to cure.

Stem herbaceous; lvs. lyrately-pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ... (£) Columbaria.

Stem herbaceous; Ivs. obovate or obovate-oblong, irregularly

toothed —... (2) Africana,

Stem suffruticose; Ivs. spathulate, serrato-dentate at the apex (3) Buekiana.

1. S. Columbaria (Lin. Spec. p. 143) ; stem branched, smoothish ; [iy

radical leaves petiolate, spathulate, crenate or inciso-serrate, hairy ons Scand

both surfaces ; cauline leaves pinnate-parted, with flat, linear lobes o1 ay

undivided; peduncles elongated, 2~3-fid; corollas radiant, 5—fid, rarely f¢ ©

4-fid; heads of fruit ovate-globose; crown 20-nerved, one-half shorter

than the tube; bristles of calyx 5, 2-4 times longer than the crown.

Engl. Bot.t.1311. Reichb. Pl. Crit. 4, t.354. #. Z.! 2338. S.acaulis, ma-

ritima et ochroleuca, Thund.! Fl. Cap. t45. . 8S. Africana, E. Z., Thunb.

Herb, S. pallida, HZ. M.c. Herb. Un. Itin. 725. Zey. 778, 2727, 2728, 2729.

Var. 8. dissecta; glabrous or downy; lower leaves lyrate, unequally and bluntly

serrated ; upper ones 2~3-pinnatifid ; lobes linear, incised. S. laciniata, Licht. R.G Sch.

3, 87. E.Z.2339. 8S. anthemifolia, E.Z. 2337. S. pallida, E. Mey. excl. e. 8. ochro-

leuca, 8. Thunb. Hb. Hb. Un. Itin. 726. Drege, 9852. Zey. 2730 et 2731.

Van. y. elata; stem elongated, thick, fistulose ; radical leaves on long petioles,

pinnati-partite ; lobes cuneiform. S. crassicaulis, E. Mey. S. columbaria, Hb. E.Z. expt.

Var. 6. simplicior; glabrous; radical leaves on elongated petioles, lanceolate, entire

or toothed or pinnatifid, with a few, distant, much-spreading, linear-cuneate, entire

lobes, the terminal oblong, acute; cauline leaves linear; heads smaller. Drege, 9553.

Has. Sandy places throughout whole colony, at Natal, and in Namaqualand,

44 ‘COMPOSITE (Harv.)

Magalisberg, Zey. 776; var. B. dist. of Cape, Swellendam, Uitenhage, and Albany ;.

Walwekop, Zey. 775; var.y. Nieuweveldsbergen near Beaufort, 3-5000ft. Drege, v. 5,

A very polymorphous plant. Flowers blue, violet or purplish, and white according

“yy. to Thunberg.

» 2, S, Africana (Lin. Spec. 145); whole plant wl/ous or pubescent;

stem herbaceous, erect, terete or subangular at the base, branched; leaves

obovate or obovate-oblong, eroso-dentate or lyrato-pinnatifid at the

base ; upper leaves much smaller, undivided or pinnatifid ; peduncles

elongated; heads of fruit globose; corollas radiant, 5-fid; crown 20-24-

nerved ; bristles of calyx 5, twice longer than the crown. Zhunb.! L1.

Cap. 145. Herrm. Parad, t.219. Herb. Un. Itin. 724. Coult. Dips. 37, t

2,f:12. EB. Z.2335. S. indurata, Lin, Mant. 196. S. altissima, Jacq. Hort.

Vind. t. 185. S. maritima, E. Mey.

Has. Hills near Capetown, Capeflats, &c. Jul.-Oct. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)

Remarkable for its large leaves, which are 4—6 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, and

clothed with soft and short tomentum ; the lower ones aggregated, irregularly-toothed

or incised at the narrowed base. Heads about the size of a walnut. Leaves of

involucre lanceolate, silky, shorter than the pubescent corolla. Crown equalling the

pubescent fruit, or a little shorter.

3. §. Buekiana (E. Z.! 2336); whole plant clothed with appressed

silky hairs; stem suffruticose, branched and leafy at the base; leaves

sessile, lyrately- or cuneate-spathulate, serrato-dentate from the middle,

quite entire at the base; peduncles elongated ; heads of fruit subglobose ;

corollas radiant, 5-fid; crown about 20-nerved; bristles of calyx 5,

2-3-times longer than the crown. S. tomentosa, L. Mey. ;

Var. 8. virescens; tomentum greenish; heads often smaller.

Var. y. angustiloba; leaves pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate.

Has. Grassy hills near Olifantshoek on Bosjesmansriver, Uitenh., Sept., #. Z.;

near Salomonstown, May, Zey. 2732; var. 8. in Caffraria, Eck. Herb., T’. Cooper,

303; var. y. near Grahamstown and Glenfilling, Dec., Drege. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Stem short, but branches 1 foot and more high. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 6-8 lines

broad, obovate-cuneated, bluntly-toothed or serrated, or in var. y. deeply-pinnatifid ;

lobes about 4 lines long, 1 line broad. Heads nearly asin S. columbaria. Peduncles

1 foot long. Leaves of involucre lanceolate, twice shorter than the radiant outer

flowers. Lobes of the pubescent corolla twice shorter than the tube. Fruit and

involucel as in S. columbaria; but the bristles are generally somewhat shorter.

Orper LXXVI. COMPOSITA, Juss.

(By W. H. Harvey).

Flowers (of minute size) arranged in heads (capitula) on a general

receptacle, surrounded by an involucre, composed of several, separate or

cohering, dry and membranous or green and leaf-like, scales, The

heads are either many- or few-flowered, or one-flowered ; separate, OF

aggregated into compound clusters called glomerules, Flowers sessile

on a disc-like, flat or convex, receptacle. Calyx-tube adhering to the

ovary; limb (called pappus) either obsolete, annular or ring-like, coront-

form, toothed, sealy, bristle-shaped or feathery, usually enlarged as the

ovary swells, and more or less persistent. Corolla epigynous, tubular,

COMPOSIT# (Hary.) 3 45

either regular and 4—5-toothed, or uni-labiate and strap-shaped (ligulate),

or rarely bi-labiate. Stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla, alternate

with its lobes; anthers united by their edges into a tube, surrounding

the style. Ovary with a single, erect ovule; style filiform, forked in

the fertile flowers ; simple in the abortive. Fruit a dry, small nut or

achene; seed without albumen. :

This Order, synonymous with Linneus’s 19th class, Syngenesia, is by much the

largest in the vegetable kingdom, comprising over 1,000 genera and perhaps 13,000

species, of which numerous examples may be found in most countries. In 8. Africa

their number is considerably over 1,500, and easily found examples are Aster,

Chrysocoma, Helichrysum (or Everlasting), Senecio (grounsel), Osteospermum, Gazania, -

Cryptosiemma, Sonchus (sow-thistle), &c. But conspicuous as are the flowers of

these and kindred plants, a little examination shows that each apparent “flower” is

in reality an injlorescence made up of a multitude of small flowers, each perfect in

itself, arranged on a common platform or disc (receptacle) surrounded by numerous

involucral scales. To understand the structure, which is general throughout this

Order, the student should take some common example,—which may be picked up on

any roadside or in any waste ground,—make a vertical section through the centre

of one of the “flowers” (properly flower-heads or capitula), and compare what he will

there find with the above diagnosis. In order further to assist him, I shall now

briefly explain some of the terms used in the following descriptions.

Each capitulum or flower-head is composed of an involucre or outside covering,

resembling a calyx ; a receptacle on which the flowers stand ; and the flowers

themselves.

Involucre.—The small, leafy or scale-like parts of which the involucre is composed

are called its scales (‘‘ scales of the involucre”). These may be in one, or in several

rows, separate or cohering into a tube, and are of various textures and forms. In

some genera, as in Senecio, there are frequently a number of smaller scales at the base

of the proper involucre, which form a sort of supplementary or external involucre ;

this is called a calyculus, and the scales which compose it, for distinction sake, are

called its bracteoles, Involucres which have a calyculus are said to be calycled.

Receptacle—The receptacle is the summit of the flower-stalk, and is usually flat-

tened out into a disc, which may be either nearly fiat, hemispherical, or conical. In

a flower-head which has gone to seed it is usually exposed, from the opening out or

deflection of the involucral scales, The receptacle is said to be nude, when its

surface is bare, with bald interspaces between the scars left by the fallen flowers ;

when it is minutely-pitted, like honeycomb; and fimbriate or fimbril-

liferous, when the margins or walls of the honeycomb-cells are jagged or fringed.

In some cases (as in Geigeria, and in the section ‘“‘ Lepicline” of Helichrysum) the

fringes or fimbrils are separate, and resemble teeth or scales. Such must not be

confounded with the true scales of the receptacle, which are called pales. se

latter are modified bracts, and are generally similar in appearance to the innermost —

involucral scales, but are more rigid and horny; there is never more than one palea to

each flower ; it is placed on the outer side of the flower, and very generally its base

wraps round the ovary or the young achene. Palee are always important generic

characters; they occur in Amellus, Athanasia, (Edera, Eriocephalus, Sphenogyne, &c.

Flower-heads.— When all the flowers in a flower-head are tubular, and of nearly

equal length, the head is said to be discoid (as in Chrysocoma, Athanasia, Pteronia,

&c.). When the flowers in a head are of two kinds, the central ones tubular and

4-5-toothed, the marginal ones longer, strap-shaped, and one-sided, such a head is

said to be radiate; the central portion is called the disc, and thes -

flowers the rays (as in Aster, Senecio, Osteospermum, Gazania, Xc.). en all the

flowers in a head are strap-shaped and one-sided, the head is semiflosculose (as in

Sowthistle, Dandelion, &c.). :

When all the flowers in a head are similar and perfect, each having stamens and

an ovule-bearing pistil, the head is homogamous (as in Chrysocoma). When the

flowers are of different sexes, or some perfect and some imperfect, the head is hetero-

All radiate capitula are heterogamous; their disc-flowers being either per-

as is commonly the case, or male, with perfect anthers and an abortive pistil ;

46 COMPOSIT# (Harv.)

their ray-flowers either female or neuter. Some heads are moneecious; when, on the

same root, the heads are diverse, some containing only male flowers, others only

female. And some are diccious (asin Brachylena and Tarchonanthus); when, on

different roots, male and female flower-heads occur. And lastly, a head is hetero-

monecious, if the marginal flowers be female, the disc-flowers completely male, with

abortive stigmas (as in Osteospermum, Othonna, &.) Some heads are glomerulate, or

aggregated in a glomerule: this is when a number of small heads (each with its

proper involucre) are crowded together on a common receptacle, surrounded by @

general involucre. A compownd-head is thus formed (as in Spheranthus and (dera).

Flowers.—The corolla is either tubular, equally 4~5-toothed ; filiform, or thread-

shaped, and usually truncate ; ligulate or strap-shaped, one-sided ; or bilabiate, i.e.,

ligulate with a minute lobe or pair of lobes opposite the strap-shaped limb. :

Pappus.—This term is given to the limb of the calyx, which takes a great variety

offorms. I+ is usually an important generic character, and therefore to be closely

attended to. Though the pappus exists when the flowers first open, it frequently

enlarges after flowering, and is therefore best observed on the mature or nearly ma-

ture ovary. It is either paleaceous, formed of flat scales; setaceous, of slender bristles ;

plumose or feathered, when the bristles are plumed, like a feather, with slender hairs ;

barbed, when the bristles are set with short processes or imperfect plumes ; it is tooth-

like when formed of a definite number of small teeth ; coroniform, or crown-shaped,

when the teeth are partly confluent; and annular, or like a ring. An ovary is said_

to be calvous, or bald, when there is no obvious pappus.

Anthers.—It is often of importance to examine the anthers, in order to observe

whether they are tailed, ic., produced at base, on each side of the filament, into a

bristle-shaped point ; or tailless i.e., rounded or truncate at base. Tailed anthers

alone separate the Gnaphalice (everlastings) from other Senecionideew ; and Inulew

from other Asteroideze. © When they occur, they are always of systematic value.

Style.—When the ovary contains an ovule, the style is constantly 2-lobed, or at

least 2-toothed at the extremity ; its lobes are called ‘* style-branches.”” When the

ovary is abortive, the style is, with a few exceptions, quite simple or unbranched.

In the i t of the Composite the style-branches afford characters

of the highest value, and therefore must be closely and carefully observed by the

student, either with a strong pocket lens or a simple microscope. The Tribes, except

the Cichoracee, into which the Order is divided, are solely distinguished by certain

characters of the style-branches, as indicated in the Table annexed. Unless these

distinctions are mastered by the student, he will find it impossible to proceed in the

study of Composite; but, in most cases, the distinctions are easily seen, if carefully

looked for, and then what follows is comparatively easy. He must bear in mind,

however, that, for systematic purposes, it is the style of bisexual or perfect flowers

which affords the indicated characters : the styles of male flowers being usually simple,

and those of exclusively female flowers, though branched, having similar branches

in all the Tribes. A difficulty, therefore, exists in the classification of such plants

as Osteospermum, Othonna, &c.in which there are no bisexual flowers. Having no

certain guide to follow in their flowers, we are forced to place them next those genera

to which, by their general aspect, they appear nearest of kin.

Achenium or Achene—This is the name applied to the small, seedlike nut or fruit

of the Composite. It often affords generic characters in its shape and markings.

Thus it may be cylindrical, angular, flattened, winged, &c.; or it may be glabrous,

hairy, woolly ; smooth, scabrous, granulated, echinated, &c. In some it is prolonged

into a tapering or thickened point, when it is said to be beaked. It is usually sessile

on the receptacle, but is sometimes (as in Cotula) raised on a short pedicel.

TABLE OF THE TRIBES.

*Tubuliflore. Heads either discoid or radiate ; the disc flowers tubular, regular,

4-5-toothed.

SERRE owe nee

_Tribe t. Vernontace2... Style-branches long, much exserted, filiform, acute, equally oY

or bristly on the outer surface.—Heads always discoid. Leaves

(Gen. 1-6.) A47_

Tribe 2, Evparortacea. Style-branches long, much exserted, terete, obtuse oF

Ethulia.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 47

thickened at the point, minutely granulated on the outer surface.—Heads always

discoid. Leaves mostly opposite. (Gen. 7-10.) se

Tribe 3. AsTEROIDER. Style-branches linear or lance-linear, flattish or flattened,

mostly acute, minutely and equally downy on_the outer surface.—Heads radiate or

discoid. Leaves various. (Gen. 11-38.) A FF

Tribe 4. SENECIONIDEE. Style-branches long, linear, flattish, truncate, bristly at

the apex only, or tipped with a short, bristly cone.—In the male flowers the styles

are simple, more or less bristly or brush-like at the point. ee various, (Gen.

39-124.) “79. 727.

Tribe 5. CynarE®. Style suddenly thickened towards the apex, and often hispid _

at the thickening ; its branches convex, either partially cohering or separate, minutely

downy on the outer surface.— Habit various. (Gen. 12 5-146.) 72. 4a]

** Ligulifiore. Heads semifiosculose, all the flowers strap-shaped and bisexual.

Tribe 6. CicHoracez&. Style-branches long, subobtuse, filiform, equally pubescent

on the outer surface.—Juice milky, very bitter. (Gen. 147-154.) P F2Z

Note.—Tables of the genera will be found under each of the Tribes respectively.

TRIBE I.—VERNONIACEZ. >

~ Flower-heads discoid, all the flowers tubular. Style-branches long:

much exserted, filiform, sharp-pointed, equally hispid or bristly on the

outer surface. Leaves alternate. (Gen. 1.-V1.)

Heads several-flowered ; invol. of many imbricating scales :

Pappus none, or a small fleshy ring :

All the fl. perfect, bi-sexual, with bell-shaped corollas i (1) Ethulia, — 7747

Central fl. male, funnel- shaped; sexi sane fili-.

form, in many rows... te (2) Litogyne, A

Pappus bristle-shaped, in 2 or more SLOWS :

Inv. scales and leaves spinous-pointed ...... .... (4) Hoplophyilum. — 43,9

Inv. scales not spinous-pointed beet oes = 0s. age (3) Vernonia, = — :

Pappus of 7-9 spreading, flat, white gam ...) (5) Platycarpha.——~ +4

Heads 1-ilowered; invol. of 2 opposite scales, compressed ...) (6) Corymbium, ———___ #3

I. ETHULIA, Cass.

Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvolucre imbricate, scales her-

baceous, acute. Receptacle naked. Corolla with a slender tube, and

bell-shaped, equally 5-fid limb; lobes lanceolate, margined. Anthers.

short, included. Style shortly exserted, its branches subulate, bristly. —

Achenes inversely pyramidal, 4-angled, 4-ribbed, glabrous, glandular _

between the ribs, truncate, and 4~5-angled at the summit. Pappus an

entire, thickened, marginal rim. DC. prodr. 5, p. 12.

Erect, branching, leafy, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, entire or serrated,

pellucid-dotted. Flower-heads small, in a much-branched corymb. Flowers red or

purple. Name invented by Linnzus, who has not explained its meaning. E. Garie-

pina, DC., and £. alata, Send., constitute our genus LrrocyNE.

1. E. conyzoides (Linn. Sp. ay t) ; closely puberulous ; Seauclits

corymbose, somewhat spreading; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, distantly

serrated towards the summit. D0. 1. c. 12, also, D. Rraussii, Sch. B.!

in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 945, D. gracilis, DC., and D. angustifolia, Boj.!

Has. Common about Port Natal. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk., &c.)

2 or more feet high, thinly clothed with minute hairs. Stem and branches fur-

rowed. Leaves pellucid- dokeek, 2-3 inches long, in the Natal specimens seldom 4

48 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Litogyne.

inch wide, tapering to both extremities. Corymb densely much branched ; flower-

heads 2 lines across. Fl. purple, fading to white. A common weed in the tropics

of Asia and Africa. The leaves vary somewhat in breadth and serratures, whence

the 4 sp. of the authors above quoted.

If. LITOGYNE, Harv. (n. gen.)

Heads hetero-moncecious, many-fl., discoid; the male fl. central, fun-

nel-shaped, 5-toothed ; female fl. shorter, filiform, 3-toothed, in many

rows round the margin. Jnvol. imbricated, the scales acute. ecept.

naked, depressed. Pappus none. Mate: anthers linear, partly ex-

serted, acute at base. Style simple, emarginate, much exserted, the

exserted portion hispid all round. Ov. abortive. Frm.: Anth, none.

Style exserted, deeply bifid, the arms glabrous, blunt, spreading. Ovary

glabrous, minute, ovule-bearing. Achenes unknown.

8. African, much branched suffrutices, with entire or denticulate, alternate leaves,

decurrent in narrow wings along the stem. Heads small, corymbulose or tufted at

the ends of the branches. Fl. pale ?—Name from Autos, thin or mean, and ‘yuv7, ®

female ; from the very slender, thread-like, female flowers.

1. L. glabra (Harv. Thes. t. 155); glabrous, smooth. Ethulia? Ga-

riepina, DC.! prodr. 5, p. 13+

Has. On the Gariep, Drege / Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Erect, perhaps 2~3 feet high, paniculately branched, sparsely leafy ; stems angu-

lar, minutely rough in the furrows. Lvs. 1-14 inch long, 1-2} lines wide, broadly

linear, sub-acute, smooth, entire or denticulate, decurrent in narrow wings along

’ the stem. Heads 3-6 together, on short pedicels, or subsessile. Invol. scales ob-

long-acuminate, smooth.

2. L. scabra (Harv.) ; very scabrous. LEthulia alata, Sond. in Linn.

Xxlii, 60.

Has. Bloomspruit, Fals river and Aapjes R., Burke & Zeyh./ (Hb. Sd., Hk.)

Stem ascending, 1—2 ft. long, much branched, the branches erect and closely leafy,

either rough throughout or smoothish below. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute

or subacute, entire or remotely denticulate, decurrent in narrow wings along the

stem very rough with raised points on both sides. Heads tufted, 3-6 together,

subsessile. Invol. scales ovate-acuminate, rough at back.—Chiefly distinguished

from the preceding by its very scabrous surface.

Ill. VERNONIA, Schreb.

Heads few- or many-fl., homogamous. Jnvol. imbricated, shorter than

the flowers; scales obtuse or acute, the inner longer. Recept. naked or

honeycombed. Cor. deeply 5-fid, the lobes lanceolate. Filaments smooth.

Anth. sagittate. Achenes linear or prismatic, glabrous, pubescent or silky-

villous, striate or rib-furrowed. Pappus biseriate, the inner of many

long, serrated bristles, the owter of very narrow, short scales ; rarely

both series nearly alike, subequal; or the outer series of few bristles.

DC. Prodr. 5, p. 15. Decaneuron, DC. 1. c. p. 66. Webbia, DC. l. c. p- 7?

Vernonella, Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 62.

A vas ical, and sub-tropical genus, common to both hemispheres, and con-

isti cries, climbers, iat, al evel trees of various aspect. OAL alternate,

petiolate or sessile, often gland-dotted. Inj. various, either corymbose, spiked, oT

with solitary heads. Fl. purple-rosy or white. Decaneuron, DC., to which is attr

buted a single pappus, has in several of its acknowledged species a distinctly double

Vernonia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 49

one, and the ro ribs of its achenes are slight exaggerations of the 10 strie found on

many acknowledged Vernonie ; nor is there any distinctive habit to mark its species,

at least those of the section Gymnanthemum. In Webbia, DC., which is founded on

its unisexual flowers, I find (as C. H. Scultz, Bip. has already pointed out) bisexual

flowers in all the Cape species. Nor can I keep Vernonella, Sond., separate without

also founding genera upon our V. monocephala and V, stahelinoides, which differ as

widely in habit both from each other and from the species of the first section. —Ver-

nonia is named in honour of W. Vernon, a botanist of the 17th century, who travel-

led in North America in search of plants.

a. Erect or half-climbing much-branched shrubs or hf.-shrubs.

Heads corymbose or panicled.

Lys. minutely pubescent or glabrous :

Panicles divaricate-spreading; invol. scales acute (1) anisocheetoides.

Corymbs erecto-patent ; invol. scales obtuse.

Invol. scales powdery; pappus white ... ... (2) angulifolia,

Invol. scales glabrous; pappus reddish ... ... (3) mespilifolia.

Lys. densely tomentose or hoary beneath :

Lvs. subsessile ; invol. sc. tomentose; heads 4~5-fl. (4) corymbosa.

Lys. long-petioled ; inv.sc. glabrous; hds. 15—20-fl. (5) i

6. Herbs, with simple, erect stems. Heads corymbose (Webbia, DC.)

Stems uniformly leafy :

Lys. petioled, ovate, silvery beneath, penninerved (6) Kraussii.

Lys. sessile, silky-silvery on one or both sides :

Lys. lanceolate, penninerved ; inv. sc. aristate (7) Natalensis.

Lvs. linear, t-nerved ; inv. sc. mucronate ... (8) pinifolia.

Lys. sessile, roughly pubescent (not silvery) ;

Lys. cordate at base ; hairs simple, curled ... (9) hirsuta.

Lys. acute at base; hairsforked ... ... ... (10) Sutherlandi,

Stems nearly naked ; radical leaves obovate, large (11) Dregeana.

ec. Herbs or suffrutices. Branches 1-headed :

Iny. scales oblong, broad, obtuse or mucronate :

Suffruticose, much branched, closely pubescent ... (12) staehelinoides.

Herbaceous, glabrous ; lvs. subspathulate ... ... (13) Vernonella,

Iny. scales lanceolate, much acuminate :

Glabrous; achenes densely silky ... ... ... ... (14) Gerrardi.

Hairy ; achenes 10-ribbed, quite glabro vs «+, (15) monocephala,

1. V. anisochzetoides (Sond. in Linn. 23, p.61); shrubby, the branches,

inflorescence, and young leaves minutely pubescent, becoming glabrous;

branches flexuous, angularly striate; leaves conspicuously petioled, cu-

neate at base, broadly obovate, sharply and angularly 3—5-toothed at

the summit, or the upper ones subentire, acute, 3-nerved at base, pellu-

cid-dotted ; panicle terminal, much branched, leafy, its branches widely

spreading or deflexed, loosely divaricating, multifid; invol. scales ovato-

lanceolate, acute, nerve-keeled, woolly ; heads 12-13-flowered; pappus

pale.

sda Near D’Urban, Natal, Gueinzius, 320,591. Gerr. & MK. 335, 336. (Herb.

-) =e

A large, half-climbing shrub. Lower leaves 2} inches long, and equally wide,

with § sharp, toothlike lobes, with wide interspaces ; upper 14-2 inches long, 1-1}

inch wide, mostly entire. Invol. scales with a dark central line, woolly at the sides,

i FL. . Outer pappus of few scales.—Readily known,

inflorescence.

becoming glabrate. purple

among 8. African species, by its divaricate infio

2, V. angulifolia (DC. Prodr. 5, p. 29); subherbaceous, the branches,

inflorescence, and foliage minutely puberulous ; branches angularly

VOL. II. 4

50 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Vernon.

striate ; leaves shortly petiolate, cuneate at base, deltoid-ovate, acute,

with prominent lateral angles, or shortly 3-lobed or coarsely toothed,

3—5-nerved at base; panicle terminal, compound, leafy, its branches

loosely corymbose ; invol. scales ovate-oblong, obtuse, nerve-keeled,

minutely scurfy, membrane-edged; heads 6-9-flowered ; pappus white.

Has. Near D’Urban, Natal, Drege, Krauss 223, Gueinzius 587, Plant 40, Gerr. §

MWK. 334. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Much branched and tall, imperfectly woody (7), drying blackish. Leaves mem:

branous, 1-14 inches long, t-14 wide, the upper ones trowel-shaped, the lower more —

or less toothed or lobed. Scales of the invol. pale horn-coloured, with a dark, cen-

tral line, under a lens minutely rough. Fl. purple. Achenes thinly silky.

3. V. mespilifolia (Less. in Linn. 1831, p. 641); shrubby, the young

branches, inflorescence, and foliage minutely puberulous ; branches

round, striate ; leaves shortly petioled, much attenuated at base, broadly

obovate, coarsely 3-7 or several-toothed, or angularly lobulate at the

summit; panicle terminal, compound, its branches densely corymbose ;

invol. scales ovate oblong, obtuse, round-backed, glabrous, ciliolate; —

heads 3~5-flowered ; pappus fulvous. DO. J. ¢. 29.

Has. Swellendam, £. Z. Forests of Uitenhage, Burchell, Zeyher / Common in

Albany and Kaffirland, and at Natal, Z, Z., Drege, Bowker, &c, (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A half-climbing shrub, drying dark. Leaves membranous, 2-3 inches long, 2 ™-

wide, thinly puberulous, minutely gland-dotted beneath. Invol. scales pale-horny,

neither keeled nor nerved, very obtuse or subacute, either quite glabrous or downy

at top. Achenes with silky strie. Outer pappus very narrow.

4, V. corymbosa (Less. 1. c. p. 647); shrubby, the branches, inflores-

cence, and under sides of leaves hoary or tomentose ; branches rodlike,

rigid, angularly striate; leaves scarcely petioled, cuneate-oblong or obo-

vate, coarsely few-toothed at the summit or beyond the middle, coria-

ceous, tomentose beneath, the older ones becoming glabrate above; pani-

cle terminal, leafy, corymbose ; invol. scales oblong, obtuse, round-—

backed, tomentose; heads 4—5-flowered; pappus fulvous. DOC.1. c. 29-

Stehelina corymbosa, Th. ! Cap. 628.

Var. 8, mespilioides (DC.); leaves larger, sharply 7-9-toothed, less hoary be

neath. £. Z. 269; Drege, 5036; Gerr. G M’K. 344.

Has. From Uitenhage to Natal, Burchell, E. Z. Drege, Gerr. § MK. &. (Herb.

Th., D., Sd., Hk.) ‘

A large, much branched shrub. Twigs straight. Leaves very variable in size

and shape; sometimes narrow-cuneate, subentire, 1} in. long, $ in. wide; sometimes

broadly cuneate, 14 inch long, 1 inch. wide; and in var. 6 2-24 in. long, 14 in. wide.

Invol. scales rufous brown, not keeled. Achenes with pubescent strie. Outer

pappus narrow, brittle.

5. V.Senegalensis (Less. in Linn, 1829, p. 265); shrubby, the branches,

infl., and under sides of leaves tomentose; branches flexuous, round,

striate, sprinkled with glands; leaves on longish petioles, slightly cune

ate at base, broadly ovate or oblong, obtuse, subentire, undulate, sca

brous above ; panicle terminal, leafy, compound, its branches widely

spreading, loosely corymbose ; inv. scales broadly ovate, mucronulate,

round-backed, glabrous, ciliolate ; heads 15~20-flowered ; pappus ful-

vous. Decaneurum Senegalense, DC. l. c. 68. Eupat. coloratum, Willd.

Vernonia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 51

Has. Zululand, Rev. Mr. Hewitson ; on the Shiré, Dr. Kirk. (Herb, D., Hk.)

A large, half-climbing shrub, 10—12 ft. high. Lower leaves not seen ; upper on

uncial petioles, 2-3 in. long, 14-2 in. wide, not much attenuated at base, i

in outline, but not toothed. Outer pappus of few and narrow scales. ‘Achenes 10-

rib-striate, the stri glabrous, with gland-downy interspaces. Corolla pilose.

6. V. Kraussii (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 947); herbaceous; the

simple, striate stem, the inflorescence, and the wnder surface of the

leaves silky-canescent ; leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute or acumi-

nate, flat, entire, becoming glabrous above, penninerved ; corymb of few

or many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate, acute, mucronate,

canescent; achenes silky. Webbia eleagnoides, DC. l. ¢. 73.

Var. £, Barophels; dwarf (6-8 inches high), slender; heads 3-10. Webbia

oligocephala, DC. l. ¢

Has. Between Caaanwrabs and Omsamculo, Drege/ Magallisberg, Burke § Zey./

ee ay Sanderson, &c. Var. B. with var. a. Drege, Gueinzius, 339. (Herb.

Stem 14-3 feet high. Leaves 1-13 inch long, 3-1 inch wide, at first thinly silky

above, the adult quite glabrous, white and silky beneath. Heads many-flowered.

Corymb 2-4 inches across. Corolla pilose. Decandolle’s W. oligocephala seems to

me to be merely a starved variety.

7. V. Natalensis (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p.947); herbaceous; the

simple, striate stem, the inflorescence, and both surface of the leaves

silky canescent ; leaves sessile, crowded, lanceolate, acute or acuminate,

narrowed to the base, penninerved, entire, flat ; corymb of many heads,

flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate, much-attenuated, bristle-pointed ;

achenes silky. Webbia aristata, DC. l. ¢. 73.

Has. Katberg, and at the Key and Basche rivers, Drege; Kaffirland, £. Z./

Natal, Krauss, 443; Winterberg, Mrs. /. W. Barber, 233; near Maramballa, Dr.

Kirk! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

This resembles V. pinifolia, but has much broader, strongly-nerved, and canous

leaves, and long-pointed involucral scales, ke. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch

wide, erect. Heads many-flowered. Corymb 2-5 inches across. Corolla pilose.

8. V. pinifolia (Less. in Linn. vol. 2, p. 257); herbaceous ; the simple,

rigid, striate stem, the inflorescence, and Hi under surface of iat

more or less canescent or _pubescent ; leaves sessile, crowded, linear,

acute, with revolute margins, one-nerved, becoming glabrous above ;

corymb mostly compound, of many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales

lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, canescent; achenes densely silky. Webhia

pinifolia, DC. Prod. 5, p. 72. Bot. Mag. t. 5412. Conyza pinifolia, Lam.

C. canescens, Th. ! Cap. 66 5. Erigeron Capense, Houtt.

Var. 8. glabrata; stem weak, nearly glabrous; leaves few, glabrous and dotted ;

heads few.

Has. Langekloof and Krum river, Thunb. E. Z./ Gowguhren, {ie Uitenh.

Albany, Caffraria, and Natal, _— Hutton, Sander., &c.; var. B. Howisonspoort,

oe Lar net

1-2 feet | mos ince ong,

2 line to 3-4 lines wide, the a ne pnnineree, Pubes Pubescence unwary variable, in

var. B. scarcely any save on es intchiuee 3-8 inches across. Flowers

purple. Heads 20 or more flowered. Canina piles Ses parple,

9. V. hirsuta (Sch. Bip. 1. ¢.); herbaceous ; the simple, striate stem

52 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Vernonia.

the inflorescence, and under surface of leaves, hairy with rough, curled

hairs; leaves sessile, cordate at base, oblong or obovate, mucronate,

acuminate (or obtuse ), subentire or with inflexed serratures, thinly-hairy

above, netted-veined beneath; corymb densely many-headed, flat-

topped; invol. scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate, woolly ; achenes

silky. Webbia hirsuta, DC. 5, p. 73-

Var. §. obtusifolia ; leaves, save the uppermost, broadly-obovate, bullated, very

obtuse or shortly-cuspidate.

Has. Katberg and Tambukiland, Z. Z./ Hutton! Bowker ; Natal, Drege, Krauss,

293; var. 8. Natal, 7. Williamson, Gerr. § M‘K. 343. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems 1—3 feet high, the whole plant coarsely-hairy, with greenish-yellow hairs.

Leaves 14-2} inches long, 3-1} inch wide, very variable in shape, but always cordate

at base. In var. B. the leaves are thicker, and much more strongly-netted. Corymb

dense, 2-4 inches across. Corolla pilose.

10. V. Sutherlandi (Harv.); herbaceous ; the simple, striate stem,

inflorescence, and leaves thinly-hispid with rigid, mostly forked hairs ;

leaves sessile, acute at base, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, mucronulate, few-

toothed beyond the middle, or subentire, thinly-hispid on both sides,

dotted beneath, penninerved; corymb pedunculate, cymose, 4—6- or 12-

headed, the heads on longish, simple pedicels ; invol. scales lanceolate,

acuminate, hispid; achenes densely-silky.

Has. Klip river, Natal, 3500-4500 feet, Dr. Sutherland! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, the lower half closely-leafy, the upper naked, with 2—3 distant,

small, linear-subulate, depauperated leaves. Lower leaves 14-2 inches long, $—j inch

wide, the uppermost entire, the lower coarsely few-toothed. Pubescence in most

places forked or stellate, rather rigid. Pedicels of the central head 4 inch, of the

lateral 14-2 inches long. Heads many-flowered. Corolla bright purple, pilose.

11. V. Dregeana (Sch. B. 1. c.); herbaceous; the simple, angularly-

striate stem, inflorescence, and foliage nearly glabrous or thinly-silky ;

radical leaves obovate, narrowed at base, mucronulate, penninerved,

sub-denticulate, with slightly-inflexed margins, nearly glabrous; cauline

few, remote, linear, erect, with involute margins; corymb closely many-

headed ; invol. scales oblongo-lanceolate, mucronate, woolly ; achenes

silky. Webbia nudicaulis, DC. Prod. 5, p. 73.

Has. Betw. Key and Bashe, Drege/ near Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton, H. Hutton;

Natal, 7. Williamson, Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘K. 316. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, Radical leaves several, rosulate, 2-2} inches long, }-1 inch

wide; cauline 1 or 2 inches apart, 1~3 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, Heads on

longish pedicels, many-flowered. Corolla pilose.

12. V. stehelinoides (Harv. Thes. t. 156); suffruticose, paniculately

much-branched ; the rigid, striate branches, peduncles, and foliage

thinly appressed-pubescent, sub-canescent ; leaves sessile, narrow-linear,

obtuse, with revolute margins, one-nerved beneath; heads terminal and

axillary, solitary, pedunculate, about 1o-flowered ; invol. oblong, the

outer scales roundish or ovate, obtuse, the inner oblong, subacute,

mucronulate, all close-pressed, at first silky, becoming glabrate; achenes

minutely-pubescent. Zey./ 1027, :

Has. is and Crocodile river, Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.

Stem erect, 1-2 feet (or more?) high, be Be tebe Fo the ashe ti

Hoplophyllum.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 53

and somewhat corymbose. Leaves 1-1} inch long, not a line wide, very blunt,

exactly linear. Peduncles 1-14 inch long, mostly from the axils of upper leaves,

naked. Heads, like those of a Stehelina or Serratula, 5 lines long, 2 lines across,

about to-flowered. Pappus biseriate, the outer very short, the inner 5-6 times as

long, with rough, dentato-plumose bristles. Recept. honeycombed. A very remark-

able species,

13, V. Vernonella (Harv.); herbaceous, branched from the base ;

branches simple, furrow-striate, glabrous, leafy; leaves sessile, spathu-

late-linear, obtuse, narrowed to the base, with recurved edges, glabrous ;

heads solitary, terminal, pedunculate, many-flowered; invol. scales

broadly-oblong, mucronate, with scarious, wavy, lacerate edges, glabrous ;

achenes densely-silky. Vernonella Africana, Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 62.

Has. Port Natal, Queinzius, 334! (Herb. Sond.)

A glabrous, many-stemmed perennial, 6-8 inches high. Branches or stems erect,

simple, leafy beyond the middle. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2 lines wide, slightly

narrowed to the base, conspicuously 1-nerved. Heads $ inch across. Invol. scales

thin, membranous, purplish, ragged at the edges, loosely imbricated. Fl. purple.

Pappus discoloured.

14. V. Gerrardi (Harv. Thes. t. 157) ; herbaceous, branched below ;

branches simple, furrow-striate, dotted, glaucous, leafy ; leaves sessile,

hnear, acute, 1-nerved, dotted, flat, glabrous ; heads solitary, terminal,

pedunculate, many-fl.; inv. scales lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, with

very long, squarrose points, cobwebbed, woolly-ciliate ; achenes ribbed,

densely silky.

Has. Bigarsberg, Zululand, W. 7. Gerrard, 1060. (Herb. D.)

A foot or more high, rigid, nearly glabrous and glaucous, conspicuously gland-

dotted. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1 line wide, thickish. Heads } inch across. Inv.

scales rigid, with long, squarrose points, like those of an Athrivia. A very distinct

and remarkable species, allied to V. Vernonelia and V. monocephala.

15. V. monocephala (Harv.) ; herbaceous, branched from the base ;

. branches sub-simple, striate, roughly hairy or pubescent, leafy; leaves

sessile, oblongo-lanceolate or lanceolate, mucronate, dotted, glabrous (or

sparsely setose), ciliate on the margin and mid-rib beneath; heads soli-

tary, terminal, pedunculate or sessile, many-flowered ; invol. scales

linear-lanceolate, much acuminate, subpungent, scabrous and setose ;

achenes quite glabrous, to-ribbed, and furrowed,

oie s. oe berg, Burke &: Zeyher / 801; Zululand, Gerr. § di’K. 1011. (Herb.

ae Fae

Roughly hay, perennial, 1-4 ft, high, either erect and much branched, or ascend-

ing from a decumbent base, branched from the crown or the lower part of stem.

Branches pale, variably hairy, sometimes leafy to the summit, sometimes ending in

a naked peduncle, 4-6 inches long, each branch usually bearing a fl.-head. Heads

3-1 inch across, with very many flowers. Pappus dirty-white, the outer of a few

short lin.-lanceolate bristles. Corolla externally scabrous, especially on the reflexed,

linear-lanceolate lobes.—This has the achenium of a Decaneurum, DC., and the

habit of V. simplex, Less. | |

IV, HOPLOPHYLLUM, DC.

Heads few- (5~6) flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. ovate-oblong, closely

imbricate, its scales broad, obtuse, spinous-mucronate, scarious or horny.

Recept. narrow, fimbrilliferous. Cor. glabrous, tubular, deeply and

54 comeosiT#& (Harv.) [ Platycarpha.

equally 5-cleft, the lobes linear. Filaments smooth. Anthers linear,

sagittate. Stigmata 2, filiform, very long, bristly throughout. Achenes

thick, subtrigonous, densely hairy, slightly contracted under the pap-

pus. Pappus in many rows, persistent, scabrous, the outer pales bris-

tle-shaped, the inner subulate-acuminate. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 73.

Rigid shrubs, with pungent, linear or subulate leaves, Heads sessile, axillary or

terminal.—_Name compounded of éAov, a dart, and @vAdAor, a leaf; from the sharp

pointed leaves.

Leaves semiterete, entire; heads crowded; invol. scales glabrous.., (1) spinosum.

Leaves flat, with spinous, marginal teeth ; heads solitary ; invol. sc.

powdery Su, x ec eee te eke eed ose ses gee ove, (2) BERGE:

1. H. spinosum (DC. 1. c. p. 73) ; glabrous; leaves horizontally spread-

ing, subulate, semiterete, furrowed, quite entire; invol. scales broadly ob-

long, very obtuse, shortly mucronate, quite glabrous ; heads sessile in

the upper axils and several-crowded at the ends of the branches.

Has. Olifants R., and Bokkeland, Thunb.; Clanwilliam, £.Z./ Gariep, Drege!

(Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A much-branched, rigid suffrutex: branches and leaves divaricate. Leaves 1-2

inches long, pungent, 1~2 lines wide. Invol. 4 inch long, of many close-pressed,

horny, wide-margined scales. Pappus fulvous. Corolla pale.

2. H. ferox (Sond.) ; subglabrous ; leaves spreading, linear-mucron-

ate, flat, armed with 1-2 pairs of spinous, marginal teeth, furrowed ;

invol. scales ovate, strongly mucronate, ‘Loewy glauco-pulverulent ;

heads terminal, solitary sessile.

Has. Gamke R., Burke § Zeyher; Krails R. Beaufort, Zeyh. ! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Very rigid, much branched, and spiny as the last, but with flat leaves, margined,

with a few spinous teeth, and solitary, terminal heads. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1

line wide. Pappus fulvous.

V. PLATYCARPHA, Less.

Heads densely crowded, sessile, many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvol.

scales in many rows, lanceolate, entire, scarious, pungent-mucronate,

the inner narrow, resembling palee. Cor. with a long, slender, hispid

tube, and equally 5-parted limb, the lobes linear, with recurved, gland-

bearing points. /i/. smooth. Anthers linear, obtuse, subequally sagit-

tate at base. St:gmata 2, filiform, diverging, equally papillate through-

out. Achenes glabrous, oblong, bluntly 5-angled. Pappus persistent,

of 7-9, white, linear-acuminate, entire, spreading scales. DC. Prodr. 5,71-

Only one species. The name is compounded of mAatus, flat, and xapqos, a scale ;

relereing totes fi sohles Gb the puppies Las sla

1, P. glomerata (Less. in Linn. 6,p.688); DC.1.c. Cynara glomerata,

Th.! Cap. 141. Stobea glomerata, Spr. Syst. 3, p. 394.

Has. In saline spots, Zwartkops R., Z. Z.! Drege. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.

A stemless perennial. Radical leaves numerous, spreading like a star on

ground, petiolate, pinnately divided, albo-tomentose beneath, cobwebby, but becom-

ing glabrate above, the lobes coarsely toothed, the teeth pungent ; the lower lobes

short and distant, the upper close together and larger. Flower-heads numerous,

crowded in a sessile tuft, covering the crown of the root. sorek ware

very shar ed, rigi ing. Cor, e. Much white woo! uw

nextion techie porph

Corymbium. ] COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 55

VI. CORYMBIUM, Linn.

Heads 1-flowered. Jnvol. cylindrical, of two opposite channelled

scales, one clasping round the other, with 2~3 very small, exterior

bracts at base, Cor. salver-shaped, deeply and equally 5-cleft. Anthers

included, simple at base. Stigmata 2, filiform, equally hispid. Achenes

attenuated at base, densely clothed with long, straight, silky hairs.

Pappus short, crown-like, irregularly cleft or fimbriate. DC. Prodr. 5, 88.

Herbaceous, nearly stemless plants, all natives of S. Africa, their thick rootstock

clothed with long, soft, silky hairs, Leaves radical, linear, parallelly many-nerved,

rigid. Flowering stems nearly naked, with a few clasping, small leaves often re-

duced to scales, corymbose at the summit. Corymbs loose or close, compound, each

branch ending in an involucre. Flowers pink or white, rarely yellow.—Name from

kopuuBos, a corymb, because the inflorescence is corymbose.

1, Stems, leaves, and involucres glabrous :

Nerves of the leaves prominent ; margin thickened, smooth :

Nerves only 3, distant «0... wee eee (1) letifolium,

Nerves numerous, close-placed ... ... 1... ... a. (2) Rervosum.

Nerves of the leaves immersed or scarcely prominent :

Nerves 1-3; corymb loosely branched ... ... ... (3) glabrum.

Nerves several ; corymb very densely crowded... (4) cymosum.

2. Stems and involucres scabrous; leaves glabrous ... ... ... (5) seabrum,

3. Stems and /eaves hairy and glandularly muricate : :

Leaves linear, acute, elongate ... 1... 21... ... +. (6) villosum.

Leaves broadly lanceolate, tapering to bothends ... ... (7) congestum.

1. C, latifolium (Harv.); glabrous; stem compressed, smooth, much

longer than the leaves; leaves broadly lanceolate, linear or oblong-

linear, with 3 distant, prominent nerves and thickened margins; corymb

loosely much branched; invol. scales smooth.

Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zeyher! No. 2737 (and 303). (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

This has broader and shorter leaves, and a laxer inflorescence, than C. nervosum,

from which it more especially differs in never having more than 3 nerves, even in

its broadest leaves. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, sometimes falcate.

Van. 8. subulifolium; leaves very narrow-subulate, convolute-terete. Zey./ 2736.

Has. Moist, sandy places, from Capetown to Uitenhage, common; var. B. Uit.

Zey.! Grahamstown, &c. Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk., &c.)

Root stock robust, densely woolly. Leaves 10-14 inches long, 2~5 lines wide,

microscopically granulated, yellow-green. Stems scarcely taller than the radical

leaves, with 2-3 clasping, cauline leaves. Flowers pink or purple. Var. 8. has

leaves almost as narrow as those of C. scabrum, B. filiforme.

3. C. glabrum (Thunb. 729) ; glabrous ; stem angular, smooth ; leaves

broadly-linear, subacute, flat, with 1-3 impressed or immersed, stria-like

nerves, and rough margins ; corymbs loosely much-branched ; invol.

scales smooth. DC. l.c. FARE A 29 HL

Has. Cape, Th. ; nr. Capetown, £.Z./ Wynberg, Dr. Wallich! (Hb. Sd., D., Hk.)

Often confounded with the preceding, from which its immersed (not prominent)

56 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Corymbium.

nerves readily distinguish it. Drege and £. § Z.’s specimens are indiscriminately

named. Lvs. 6-8 inches long, 3~4 lines wide, often falcate; the narrower one-nerved,

the broader faintly 3-nerved. Invol. 4 lines long.

4, C. cymosum (E. Mey.); glabrous ; stem bluntly angular, smooth,

mostly shorter than the leaves; leaves very long, linear, acute, with

many, scarcely prominent nerves, and a roughish margin; corymb

very dense, fasciculate ; the glabrous involucres subsessile. DC. J. ¢. p. 89.

(excl. sp. ex Drege).

Has. Hottentotsholland, Mundt! Eastern Districts, Burchell, fide DO. Stellen-

bosch and Swellendam, £. ¢ Z./ Stellenbosch, W. H.H. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Readily known from C. glabrum by its densely crowded inflorescence. Leaves

8-16 inches long, 3-4 lines wide. Scales of calyculus pointed. Drege’s specimens

marked “C. cymosum,” so far as I have seen, belong to C. scabrum, B.

la } .

: wee 5. C. scabrum (Linn. f. Suppl. 392); stem terete, densely muricated ;

OF \

0 l®

leaves linear or filiform, flattish or convolute, glabrous, minutely sha-

grined ; corymb dense ; invol. scales scabrous and glandular, viscidulous.

DC. 1.¢.89. Thunb. Cap. 729. Lam. ill. t. 723, f.1. Burm. Afr. t.70,f. 1.

V.Ak. 8. filiforme (Th.); leaves very narrow, filiform, semi-terete. C. filiforme,

Linn. f. DC. 1. c. C. cymosum, Drege! in Herb. Hk., D., Sd. Zey.f 2739.

Var. y. luteum; corolla (said to be) yellow. C. luteum, FE. M./ DC. 1. c. p. 89.

Has. Round Capetown and Stellenbosch; at the Paarl, Drege; Worcester, E. Z.;

Caledon, Pappe, &c.; Uit., Zey./ Var. y. at the Paarl, Drege! (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Leaves 4-12 inches long, 4 line to 2-3 lines wide, variable in the same tuft. Stems

mostly taller than the lvs. very rough. Flowers pink or pale; in var. y “ yellow”

(perhaps primrose colour’). find Dreges specimens of C. luteum quite as scabrid

as those of our var. 8, and in the dry state undistinguishable.

6. C. villosum (Less. in Linn. 1831, p. 691); stem terete, villous and

glandularly muricated ; leaves linear, acute, flat, sub-falcate, on both

sides pilose and glandularly muricated; invol. scales glandularly muri-

cated, bearded and pilose. DC.l.c.89. C. villosum and C. hirtum, Th.

Cap. 729, 730. C. hirsutum, Eck.

Has. Cape, Thunb., E.§ Z.! Dutoitskloof and Piquetberg, Drege! Stellenbosch,

W. H. H. Bamskloof, Hutton! Zwartberg, Caledon, Pappe/ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk., &e.)

Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-4 lines wide ; cauline long or short, but always linear.

Corymb dense, Exterior scales of the invol. nearly half as long as the inner ones.

7. C. congestum e Mey.); stem somewhat angular, hispid and glan-

dularly muricated ; leaves broadly-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acute,

on both sides glandularly pubescent ; corymb dense ; invol. scales

densely glandular, sharply 3-toothed. DC. 1. c.89. Harv. Thes, t. 69.

Has. Drakeensteinberg, 2~300 ft. Drege! Worcester, E. § Z./ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Leaves broader and more membranous than in other species, 5-6 inches long,

7-1 inch wide. Cauline leaves clasping, oblongo-lanceolate. Division of the corymb

few-flowered.

TRIBE I.—EUPATORIACEE.

Flower-heads discoid, all the flowers tubular. Style-branches long,

exserted, terete, obtuse, or thickened at the point, minutely granulated on

the outer surface,—Leayes mostly o ite, rarely alternate. (Gen.

vilX) ee : Y opposite, rarely (

Anisocheta. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 57

Leaves alternate. Pappus of 3-5 unequal scales ... ... | (7) Amisocheta. s

Leaves opposite :

Heads many-flowered :

Pappus of 5-10 broad, toothed, pointed scales ...| (8) Ageratum. ty

Adenostemma. ~

Pappus of 3-5 gland-tipped bristles <.. ... ...» (9)

Heads 4-flowered. Pappus of many, slender bristles ...- (10) Mikania.

VII. ANISOCHZATA, DC.

Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. ovate, imbricated, its

scales lanceolate, appressed, shorter than the disc. Aecept. naked.

Corolla tubular, deeply and equally 5-cleft, the outer flowers curved

downwards towards the periphery. Anthers sagittate. Style shortly

exserted ; stigmata 2, cylindrical, obtuse, nearly smooth. <Achenia

(unripe) oblong, striated, scarcely downy. Pappus of 3-5, narrow-

subulate, much acuminated, unequal, erect scales. DC. Prod. 5, p. 109.

A half climbing, or scrambling shrubby plant. The name is compounded of

avicos, unequal, and xaiTn, a bristle ; alluding to the pappus.

1, A. Mikanioides (DC. 1. c. p. 110.)

Has. Between the Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, Drege! Natal, Gueinzius! 542.

(Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem terete, flexuous, striate, pubescent; branches widely spreading or deflexed.

Leaves alternate, petioled, broadly-ovate, 3~5-nerved and subtruncate or deltoid at

base, coarsely and bluntly incised, thinly downy, becoming glabrous, except on the

nerves and petiole. Panicle ending the branches, its divisions spreading; ultimate

pedicels longer than the heads, with 2-3 scattered bractlets. Invol. scales in several

rows, minutely gland-dotted and rough-edged.

VIII. AGERATUM, Linn.

Heads many-flowered, homogamous, subglobose. Jnvol. loosely im-

bricated, its scales lanceolate, acuminate, equalling the disc. Recept.

naked. Cor. tubular, equally 5-fid. Style exserted ; stigmas 2, cylin-

drical, obtuse. Achenes with a basal callus, 5-angled, narrowed to the

base. Pappus of 5-10, lacerate or pectinate, bristle-pointed (or obtuse)

scales. DC. Prod. 5, p. 108.

Herbaceous plants, chi American. A. conyzoides is commonly dispersed

throughout the tropics of both hemispheres. Name unexplained.

1. A. conyzoides (Linn. Sp. 1175); leaves ovate, rhomboid or cor-

date, on longish petioles; scales of the pappus 5, broad and serrated at

base, their long bristle-points equalling the small corolla) DC. l. ¢. p.

108. Schk. Hanb. t. 238. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 15.

Has. About Port Natal, Dreye, Krauss, 233; Gueinzius, Gerr. § M‘K. 337, &e.

(Herb. D., Sd., Hk:, &.) :

Variable in pubescence and the shape of leaves, &c. Stem 2-3 feet high, terete.

Leaves mostly pubescent, 13-2 inches long, crenate; the petioles mostly very hairy.

Corymbs dense, terminal. Flower-heads 2-3 lines across. Corollas lavender-blue

or white, small.

IX. ADENOSTEMMA, Forst.

Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Receptacle flat, naked, honey-

combed. Jnvol, campanulate, rather shorter than the flowers, reflexed

58 comPosIT#& (Harv.) [| Adenostemma.

after flowering, its scales in a single or double row, connate at base,

oblong, herbaceous. Cor. shortly tubular, funnel-shaped, 5-toothed,

villous externally. Stigmata 2, much exserted, linear, dilated, coloured.

Achenés oblong, bluntly angular, crowned with 3-5 short, rigid, spread-

ing, gland-tipped bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 110.

Tropical and subtropical herbaceous plants, natives of both hemispheres. Leaves

opposite, petiolate, toothed, 3-nerved at base. Heads panicled, pedicellate. Flowers

white.—Name from adny, a gland, and oreupa, a crown.

Stem pubescent; leaves coarsely and sharply toothed ... ... ... (1) Caffrum.

Stem nearly glabrous ; leaves with blunt, shallow teeth or crenate... (2) Dregei.

1, A. Caffrum (DC. 1. c, 112); stem erect, 4-angled, thinly puberu-

lous or scabrid below, more densely pubescent on the panicle ; leaves

ovato-rhomboid, acuminate, broadly cuneate or truncate at base, coarsely

callous-toothed, nearly glabrous above, pubescent, especially on the

nerves, beneath; panicle loosely dichotomous; invol. scales linear-ob-

long, obtuse, thinly downy at back; achenes granulato-muricated. ;

Has. Caffraria and Natal, Drege, Williamson, Gueinzius, 347; Bowker, 34; Gerr.

& M’K. 313. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A tall, coarse-growing weed. Leaves 3-5 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, herbace-

ous. Panicle terminal, irregularly forked, covered with rusty, subappressed hairs.

Bracts small, few, linear. Petioles $-1 inch long. Invol. partially biseriate.

2, A. Dregei (DC. l.c. 111); stem sub-erect (or erect), sparingly

muricated, especially about the nodes, otherwise glabrous ; leaves con-

spicuously petioled, ovato-deltoid, cuneate at base, acute, bluntly cal-

lous-toothed, sparsely hispidulous on both sides, scabrid on the nerves

beneath; panicle loosely forked, the pedicels long, slender, puberulous;

invol. scales linear-oblong, obtuse, hispidulous; achenes granulato-mu-

ricated. Also A. Natalense, DC. l. ¢. 112.

Has. Near Natal, Drege! Gerr. dé M’K. 313. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A weaker, more slender, and more glabrous plant than A. Caffrum, with larger,

thinner, more evidently petioled and less coarsely serrate leaves, and very lax inflo-

rescence, Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-4 inches wide. Stem rooting at the base, 2 ft.

high. I cannot distinguish A. Natalense specifically.

X. MIKANIA, Willd.

Heads 4-flowered. Recept. naked, narrow. Jnvol. 4-leaved, bracteolate

at or below the base. Cor. with a short tube, and bell-shaped, 5-cleft

limb. Anthers sub-exserted. Achenes angular. Pappus of many, rough

bristles, in one row. DC. Prod. 5, 187.

; Tropical and sub-tropical, mostly climbing shrubs or herbs, chiefly American,

with outliers in India, trop. Africa, and Madagascar. Leaves opposite, petioled,

mostly cordate or sagittate. Heads in the S. African species corymbose. Corolla

pale-coloured. Name in honour of Prof. Mikan, formerly of Prague.

All parts pubescent; leaves velvetty beneath ... ...... (1) Natalensis.

Stem glabrous ; leaves either glabrous, or hispidulous beneath (2) Capensis.

1. M. Natalensis (DC. 1. c. 198); herbaceous, voluble, slender, more

or less pubescent in all parts ; leaves petioled, cordato-sagittate, acumi-

nate, sinuato-dentate, S-neryed, densely velvetty beneath, thinly pubes-

Mikania. | COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 59

cent above, corymbs trichotomous, on peduncles longer than the leaves;

invol. scales oblong-linear, pubescent, acute ; achenes glabrous, thinly

glandular, pappus rufous,

Has. Natal, Drege, Sanderson, 23 ; Krauss, 289 ; Williamson, &e. (Hb., D.Sd., Hk.)

More slender than M. Capensis, with much more copious pubescence and narrower

leaves, one-third shorter invol.-scales and smaller flowers.

2. M. Capensis (DC. 1. c.); stem suffruticose, voluble, glabrous ;.

leaves petioled, cordate-acuminate or hastate-triangular, denticulate,

glabrous above, hispidulous beneath or glabrous, 5-nerved ; corymbs

trichotomous ; invol.-scales oblong-linear, acuminate ; achenes glabrous,

thinly glandular; pappusrufous. HLupatoriwm scandens, Thunb. Cap. 627.

Var. a. cordata; leaves cordate-acuminate, hispid beneath. M. Capensis, DC. 1. c.

Var. 8. oxyota; lvs. hastate triangular, mostly glabrous. M. oxyota, DC. 1. c.

Has. Eastern districts of Caffraria, frequent. §. Vanstaadensberg, Drege! Al-

bany, Mrs, F. W. Barber! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched climber, 20-30 f. long. Petioles 1-3 inches long. Leaves 2-3

inches long, 1}-2 in. wide, taper-pointed. Invol. 3-34 lines long. Flowers pale or

. The leaves vary in shape and pubescence. This species scarcely differs

from M. chenopodifolia, Willd. ,

TRIBE IIT. -ASTEROIDER,

Flower-heads either discoid, all the fi. tubular; or more frequently

radiate, the central fl. tubular, 4-5 toothed, the marginal ligulate.

Style-branches linear or lance-linear, flattened, mostly acute, their outer

surface equally and minutely downy. —Leaves commonly alternate,

rarely opposite. (Gen. XL—XXXVIII.)

(1). Fl-heads conspicuously radiate ; the rays blue, pink, or white (not yellow) : - Ls

Recept. covered with rigid scales (paler) ... ... (12) Amellus. 3 ‘S

Recept. naked : i

Ray and disc-fl. both with bristle shaped pa

Pappus-bristles feathered (plumose) ... ae Mairea. 6

Pappus-bristles rough, but not feathered :

Pappus uniform, of many similar F

WD Soe ae ee, ope ek, LER i6 é

Pappus double ; the outer bristles” re

Mee ne ee a () iglopeppes.. ~ = S.

Ray-fl. without pappus ; dise-fl. with bristle- —

— ee a with dupes

. (16) Charieis. 2

Dise-fl "nella, with serrated papp.

bristles... .. (14) Gymnostephium. . 6

All the fi. without pappus. Leaves pinnatifid {21) Garuleum. 3 5

(2). Fl.-heads conspicuously radiate ; rays yellow :

Recept. nude, smooth or minutely pe Si

Pappus well-feathered (plumose) ... soot aac (3g) es lO

Se a Anthers not tailed at base ... ... ... (20) Nidorellaa © &

__ Anthers tailed at base ... ... .., +. (33) Inula. /2,

_ Pappus bristle-shaped, in many rows, uniform- i :

Pappus double ; outer of short scales ; inner

of ene ce a cee... - (34) Pulicaria. A2

Pappus none .., -- + (15) Anaglypha, 2} é

Recept. conspicuously honey-combed or fimbrilliferous :

60 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | Alciope.

Page

Rays neuter, with glabrous, abortive achenes (36) Cypselodontia. /2%

Rays female ; all the achenes hairy. Pappus double:

Pappus of several toothed bristles, the

we ALE 9 ol a ee ere eee a

Pappus of broad scales, all or half of

them awned Sis Nye Bove, eed: AGO) SICAORI: /24

(3). Fl.-heads heterogamous, either discoid or very imperfectly radiate ; the mar-

ginal-fl. female, filiform, or with very short, unilabiate or bilabiate corollas (im-

perfect rays):

Pappus double ; outer of short scales, inner of

Pappus single, of few or many slender bristles :

Marginal-fl. imperfectly ligulate (unilabiate) :

Rays white ; disc yellow

(37) Minurothamnus. /24

(34) Pulicaria. JU

(19) Erigeron. . §, JS6

Rays yellow, as well as the disc ... ... (20) Nidorella. - - §%

Marg.-fi. filiform, ina single row. Lys. heath-

like pees ber soe Sec. nay ae ois hag) pean 2 fe

Marg.-fl. filiform, in many rows. Lys. broad.

Anthers without tails ... ... (26) Conyza. \) Mf

Anthers tailed at the base (32) Blumea. 419

Pappus none, or of very minute, flat scales : ;

Recept. flat. Disc-fl. 5-toothed, sterile ... (31) Denekia. 18

Recept. conical. Disc-fl. 4-toothed ... ... (27) Dichrocephalaa 4%

(4). Fl.-heads dioecious, discoid ; male and female flowers. in separate heads, on

distinct roots. (Balsamic shrubs or trees) : -

Achenes woolly, without pappus ...

vs es «+. (30) Tarchonanthus. /7

Achenes pubescent, with copious, bristle-shaped

pappus 2. 2 ee ee a ee uS-

(5). Fl.-heads homogamous, discoid ; all the flowers tubular and perfect :

Recept. covered with rigid scales (palee) ... ... (12) Amellus. LI

Recept. nude : -

Anthers not tailed at base :

Pappus bristle-shaped, wniform :

Pappus uniseriate, very slender, de-

ciduous se -eée - ven: gee sev, (28) Chrpuocoma.G -° 9@

Pappus in many rows, rigid, per- -

sistent ... é

Veep tae pra vs yi, GS”

Pappus double, the owter of short, narrow :

scales, inner of long, rough bristles ... (22) Fresenia. — G2

Anthers tailed at base: pappus copious, of ‘

many bristles, or of scales and bristles ... (35) Pegolettia, 422

(6). Fl.-heads compound; many small, discoid heads united on a common recep-

tacle, with a general involucre. Pappus none ... (28) Spheranthus. ff8

Sub-Tribe 1. AsterE#. Heads sometimes homogamous and discoid, but mostly

heterogamous, radiate; the ray-fl. female ; disc-fl. bisexual, rarely abortive. Anthers

without tails. (Gen. 1-24.)

XI. ALCIOPE, DC.

Heads many-flowered, radiate; ray fl. ligulate, uniseriate, female,

with abortive stamens; disc fl. tubular, 5-cleft, regular, perfect. Recept.

broad, naked. Jnvol. imbricate, its scales linear, appressed. Style

deeply bifid, its branches linear, divergent, semi-terete, obtuse, dorsally

puberulous. Achenes linear-oblong, angular, sub-compressed, pubes-

cent. Pappus bristle-shaped, in many rows; the bristles slender, rough,

deciduous. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 209.

Branching, erect undershrubs, natives of S. Africa. Stems covered with dense,

white wool. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire or denticulate, woolly beneath.

Amellus.] COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 61

Heads large, terminating the branches, solitary or 2-3 in acorymb. Flowers yel-

low. The name is that of one of the nymphs, fancifully applied to this genus.

Invol. scales thinly cobwebby, becoming glabrous ....... .... (1) Tabularis.

Invol, scales densely and persistently woolly ... ... ... ... (2) lanata.

1. A. Tabularis (DC.1.c.p.210); stemshrubbyat base, erect, branched ;

branches tomentose, elongate, bearing 1-3 flower heads ; leaves short-,

petioled, ovate or oval, entire or sinuato-denticulate, cobwebby, becom- \",

ing glabrous above, woolly tomentose beneath; invol. scales oblong- |

linear, soon glabrous, sub-biseriate, the outer ones "few and loose, Arnica

Tabularis, Th.! Cap. 668. Ligularia Tabularis, Less. Celmisia rotundi-

folia, Cass.

Has. Table Mt., Thunberg, Drege; Muysenberg, W. H.H. (Hb. Th., D.,Sd.,Hk.)

1-2 feet high, the branches with deciduous tomentum. Leaves 14-2 inches long,

1} inch wide, an inch or two apart. Branches naked at the summit, with a few

linear, scattered bracts.

2. A lanata (DC. 1.c.); stem shrubby, erect, subsimple, very densely

woolly; branches few, woolly, prolonged into long peduncles, bearing

1-2 fl.-heads; leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, obtuse, with subrevolute

margin, coriaceous, laxly woolly, becoming glabrous above, densely

woolly beneath; inv. scales densely and persistently woolly, 2-3-seriate.

Arnica lanata § A. grandis, Th. ! Cap. 667,668. Ligularia lanata, Less.

Has. Roodesand, near Winterhoek, Th.; near Tulbagh, Drege! (Herb. Th., D.,

auch Aan densely and persistently woolly than the preceding ; with larger lvs.

and longer peduncles, Leaves 3-4 inches long, 2}-3 inches wide. Peduncles 12-1 5

inches long.

XII, AMELLUS, Cass.

Heads many-flowered, mostly heterogamous; ray fl. ligulate, in one

series, female and fertile; disc ft. hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed :—

rarely heads homogamous and discoid. Recept. convex, covered with

palece between the flowers. nvol. scales inbricated, rigid, acuminate,

the inner ones assimilated to the palew. Achenes wedge- shaped, com-

pressed, those of the ray somewhat 4-angled, scabrous, of the disc

Saint scabrous edged. Pappus of the ray of a few very short, une-

qual scales ; of the disc double, the outer similar to that of the ray, the

inner of 4—5 scabrous, deciduous bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 213.

Small suffrutices or herbs, all 8. African. Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate,

oblong, entire or few-toothed, strigillose or canescent. Peduncles terminal, 1-headed,

ae fi. blue ; disc yellow. Name adopted from the ancients.

- Perennes; Root perennial. Stems rigid, half-woody. (Sp. 1-3.)

Thinly silky, with close-pressed hairs ; leaves broad or nar-

lar ihren iin a inion vs vey cog ee

entire or toothed e very at (a) hispidus.

Sparingly setulose, with subappressed hairs ; heads small seabridus.

A. Annui; Root annual. Stems herbaceous. ¢ > “3

Palew of recept. aowninate, as long as the di fi., or longer :

TO cen Oa simple, ith minute, —

° wi ad

bescence, and long hairs... .,. (4) anisatus.

62 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [A mellus.

Stem diffusely branched : peduncles hollow and

swollen upwards ... ... ... .«. ... =. (6) coilopodius.

Stem diffusely branched; pedune. solid, filiform (5) strigosus.

Rays very small and narrow ; pubescence copious

eee TE RE cee OR ee. ee

Palez of recept. club-shaped, shorter than disc, few ; heads

UOUREC code Sesto cae oss « Sie 5 Ser OR eet apes (0) Meee

A. Perennes ; Stem perennial, rigid, half-woody. (Sp. 1-3.)

1. A. Lychnitis (Linn. Sp. 1276) ; stem suffruticose, erect or diffuse,

alternately branched, the branches, foliage, and involucres minutely

appresso-pubescent ; leaves alternate or opposite, either obovate, lanceo-

late-oblong-obtuse, or linear, very entire. DC. /.c.214. Lam. ill. t. 682,

J. 1, Jacq. coll. 5, t. 10. A. tenuifolius (with narrow leaves), Burm. DC.

l.c. Zey.! 799.

Var. 8, flosculosus (Benth.); heads discoid, homogamous. Henelia Capensis,

Walp. Rep. 2, p. 974. (Herb. D.)

Has. Cape flats, &c., Riebeckskasteel, Drege! Riet Valley, F. Z./ Half way to

Stellenbosch, W. H. H.; Namaqualand, Zeyher! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

__1-14 foot high, pale, much branched. Stem sometimes sparsely pilose, as well as

silky. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1-3 lines wide, rigidly and closely puberulous. Heads

many-fi., 5—6 lines across. A. tenuifolia merely differs in its narrower, more an

linear leaves, varying on the same bush. Var. 8. is in all respects identical wi

the broad-leaved A. Lychnitis, minus the rays.

2. A. hispidus (DC. Prodr. 5, 214); stem suffruticose at base,

branched, erect, hispid with spreading bristles and hairs; leaves alter-

nate, linear, subacute, very rough with rigid bristles and hairs, some

quite entire, others with 1-2 small, lateral lobes or teeth; invol. scales

densely setose at back, acuminate; heads radiate. Agathwa spathulata,

Kze.! Pugil. 1, 9 (fide Hort. Hamb.).

Var. f, angustissimus (DC.) ; slender, more densely covered with long, spread-

ing hairs mixed with short ones ; leaves very narrow, and quite entire.

Var. y, flosculosus ; leaves entire; heads discoid. A. flosculosus, DC. I. ¢.

Has. Kamiesberg, 300-400 ft. and near the Gariep, Drege/ 8, Oliphants River,

Drege! +. Little Namaqualand, and Gariep, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

_ Like A. Lychnitis, but readily known by its coarse, spreading pubescence, Var,

¥ is a form precisely analogous to the flosculose var. of A. Lychnitis. A specimen

of Agathea spathulata, Kze. in Herb. Sond., on the authority of the Bot. Gard. of —

Hamburg, is an Amellus/ and seems to be a garden state of this species.

3. A. scabridus (DC. 1. c. p. 214); “stem suffruticose, branched,

sparingly setulose, with subappressed hairs ; leaves linear, acute, very

entire, sprinkled on both sides and at the margin with subappressed,

rigid bristles ; invol. scales acuminate, rough-hairy at back.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Zwellendam, Burchell; Karroo, £. Z. (Unknown to us.)

“Stem rigid, slender. Branches not striated. Leaves 7 lines long, scarcely 4

line wide. The heads when rubbed smell of aniseed, and are about half the size of

those of A. Lychnitis, Rays pale. Achenes mostly compressed, with callous margin, —

at length nearly calvous.” DC. ¢

B. Annui: Herbaceous, annual. (Sp. 4-8)

_4& A anisatus (Cass. Dict. 37. p. 489); “stem herbaceous, erect,

simple, covered with minute, appressed pubescence, and sprinkled with ’

Amellus.] COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 63

long, jointed bristles ; leaves opposite or alternate, linear, very entire,

on both sides roughly pubescent.” DC. 1. c. p. 214.

Has. Cape. (Unknown to us.)

5. A. strigosus (Less! Syn. 162); annual, diffuse, ascending or de-

pressed, many branched from the crown, rough with spreading hairs ;

leaves mostly alternate, roughly pubescent, Jinear, lanceolate or spathu-

late, narrowed to the base, either entire, or unidentate at each side

beyond the middle, or shortly 3-lobed ; paleze acuminate.

Var. a. Thunbergii; leaves mostly entire, sometimes denticulate. Aster strigo-

sus, Thunb. ! Cap. 687, ex pte. Amellus strigosus, DC., l. c., 214,

Var. 8. Wildenovii; leaves mostly unidentate at each side. A. annuus, Willd.

Sp. 3, 2215, DC., l.c. 215. Kaulfussia amelloides, Zey. ! Exsic. 99. Zey.! 785.

Var. y. tridactylus; most of the leaves 3-lobed, the upper entire. A. tridactylus,

DC.! le. ‘

Has. Groenekloof, Thunb.! Beyond the Gariep, Burchell. Gauritz R., E. and

Z.! Drege! Bosjisveld, Swell., Dr. Pappe! Sneeweberg, A. Wyley/ 8. Zwartkop,

R. Zeyher! Albany, T. W. Nieuweveld, and Beaufort, Drege/ -y. Sneeweberg,

Drege! Zwartkops R. Zey! (Herb. Thunb., D., Hk., Sd.)

A diffuse or often nearly prostrate annual, variable in size, and in the toothing of

the leaves, but none of the above forms are constant to their assigned characters.

Leaves 3-1-2 inches long, acute or obtuse, 1-3 lines wide. Zey! 2754 is intermediate

between 8 and +.

6. A. coilopodius (DC. 1. c. 214); “root subsimple ; stems numer-

ous, herbaceous, terete, pubescent, the middle one erect, the lateral

ascending ; leaves linear, very entire, appressedly pubescent; peduncles

hollow and swollen under the heads; invol. scales appressed, pubescent.’

Has. Near the Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

“ Stems 5-6 inches long. Leaves 1-14 inch long, a line wide. Rays many, blue.

Chaff of recept. longer than the disc.” DC. The hollow peduncles, if any thing,

seem to mark this species.

7. A.microglossus (DC. 1. c. 215); annual, diffusely much branched,

pilose with long, spreading hairs ; leaves linear-spathulate, subobtuse,

narrowed at base, very entire, pubescent, invol.-scales infolded, acumi-

nate, squarrose, hispid at back ; rays very small and narrow ; achenes

of the ray pubescent, of the dise thick-edged, ciliate, central ones abortive.

Has. Olifant’s R., and Zilverfontein, Little Namaqualand, Drege’ (Herb. D.,

Hik., Sd.

Headly known by its very small ray-florets. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 14-3 lines

wide, roughly pubescent. Heads on short branches, leafy nearly to the summit.

Pappus very deciduous, shorter than the flowers ; corona persistent.

8. A. nanus ae l.c. 215); annual, much branched from the base,

depressed, in all parts rigidly and shortly appresso-pubescent, scabrid ;

leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire; heads

subsessile, subtended by 1-2 leaves, becoming lateral; invol.-scales

lanceolate, the outer keeled and infolded ; rays ample, obtuse, twice as

long as the involucre; palece of the recept. shorter than the flowers, few,

club-shaped, torulose ; achenes si/ky-ciliate; pappus similar in disc and

ray.

64 COMPOSITE ( Harv.) [ Marre.

Has. Between Kaus, Natvoet, and Doornpoort, near the Gariep, Drege / (Herb.

D., Hk., Sd.)

A depressed or prostrate, closely leafy annual, with large, blue-rayed, nearly ses-

sile fl. heads, and crowded leaves. Lvs. 1-14 in. long, 1-2 lines wide. The paler

of recept. and achenes are different from those of other species.

XIII. MAIREA, DC.

Heads many-flowered, heterogamous; ray-fl. ligulate, female and

fertile; disc-fl, tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite, either fertile or sterile.

Recept. naked. Jnvol. subimbricate. Anthers simple at base. Achenes

plano-compressed, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Pappus in one series,

of feathered bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 217.

Herbaceous perennials, or small, slender, shrubby plants, associated by an artificial

character, the feathery pappus. Leaves alternate, Stems or branches naked at the

summit, peduncular, one-headed, rarely corymbose. Disc yellow; ray purple-blue or

white, in one species yellow. The name is in honour of M, Maire, a Prussian

explorer, who accompanied Mundt in his South African travels.

1. Pteropappus (Less.): Disc-flowers fertile. Herbaceous plants, with expanded

leaves. (Sp. 1-3).

Stemless. Rad. leaves obovate-oblong, cobwebby, at length

abrous, wrens sae BOP A SIS: A eet) eremates

Caulescent. Lvs. obl.-obovate, densely hairy beneath, crenate (2) hirsuta.

Nearly stemless. Lvs. linear-spathulate, hairy, subentire... (3) perezioides.

2. Zyrphelis (Cass.): Disc-flower sterile. Rays blue or white. Mostly suffrutices.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, quite entire, rigid, ciliate. (Sp. 4-9).

Nearly stemless. Rad. lvs. linear-spathulate, 4-5 incheslong (4) Burchellii.

Branching undershrubs, with linear or subulate, ciliate lvs. :

Heads terminating leafless branches (or peduncles ) :

Achenes glabrous (or microscopically setulose) ... (5) taxifolia.

Ach. densely silky ; heads many-fl.,invol. acuminate (6) lasiocarpa.

Ach. pilose ; heads small, few-fi.; inv. scal.subacute (7) microcephala.

Heads terminating leafy branches, small and few-fl. . 8) foliosa,

Heads corymbose, on bracteate pedunc., ach. canescent (9) corymbosa.

3. Homochroma (DC.): Rays yellow. Disc sterile. A sca-

brous: sutirntee i os Sie eer es

Szct. 1. PTEROPAPPUS: Disc-fl. fertile (Sp. 1-3).

1. M. crenata (Nees. Ast. 348); stemless; leaves crowded round the

crown of the root, obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole, thickish,

1-nerved, bluntly toothed, cobwebby, becoming glabrous; peduncle

scape-like, woolly, with 2-3 distant, linear bracts; invol. scales pilose,

membrane-edged. DC.l.c.217. Arnica crenata, Th. ! Cap. 668. Gerbera

‘a crenata, Bot. Reg.t. 855. Aster crenatus, Less.

Has. Langekloof, Thunb.; Table Mnt. summit, common, Mundt and Maire,

Drege, W. H. H., &c.; Swellendam, £.¢ Z. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Root-stock thickish. Radical leaves numerous, tufted, including the imperfect

petiole, 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch wide, their teeth callous-tipped. Peduncles 2-19

inches high, at first densely covered with coarse, whitish, curly hairs, afterwards

almost nude. Flowers large and handsome, the disk an inch across; rays nearly

uncial, violet-purple. “

2. M. hirsuta (DC.1.c.217); stem ascending, subsimple, very hairy,

leafy to near the middle; leaves oblong-obovate, tapering into a petiole,

r-nerved, bluntly toothed, pilose, becoming glabrous above, densely

Mairea.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 65

hairy beneath ; peduncle terminal, sometimes branched, very hairy, with

2-3 distant, linear bracts; invol. scales hairy.

Has. Swellendam, in mts. near Puspas valley, FZ. Z./ Zey./ 3071. (Hb. D., Sd.)

Differs from M. crenata in its longish, sometimes branching stem, and copious

rusty pubescence, less thick leaves, and rather smaller flowers.

3. M. perezioides (Nees, Ast. 249); czespitose, scarcely caulescent ;

leaves subradical, linear-spathulate, acute, with recurved margins, sub-

entire or here and there toothed, pilose ; pedune. scapelike, with a few

scattered, depauperated leaves on its lower half, densely glandular-

pubescent ; invol.-scales rather longer than the disc, pluriseriate, linear-

acute, hairy and glandular. DC. /. c.217. Aster perezioides, Less! Syn.

167. Leyssera pilosella, Thunb! Cap. and Herb. ex pte.

Has. Groenekloof and Zwartland, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)

Stems densely tufted, 1-2 inches long, naked below, densely leafy at the extremity.

Leaves 2-2} inches long, 2-3 lines wide, strongly midribbed beneath. Pedune.

4-6 inches long ; its leaves 3 inch long, 1 line wide ; its pubescence copious, of

gland-tipped, short hairs. Rays purple. Pappus feathery. Achenes black, hairy

on the face, margined and ciliate ——A distinctly marked species, which I have only

seen in Herb. Thunb. <A very imperfect specimen from Mundt, in Hb. Hooker,

comes near this, but is more rigid and scabrous, with smaller flewer-heads ; it may

however be a mere variety.

Sect. 2, ZYRPHELIS: Disc-flowers sterile, rays blue or white. (Sp. 4~9.)

4. M. Burchellii (DC. 1. c. 218); “nearly stemless, radical leaves

oblong-linear, glabrous, rigid, very entire, tapering at base and fringed

with hairs; stems nearly leafless, sparingly branched, somewhat hairy ;

invol.-scales acuminate, ciliate.” DC. (Disc-fi. sterile).

Has. Eastern districts, Burchell, No. 8200. (Unknown to us.)

** Leaves 4-5 inches long, below with a subprominent nerve, above half infolded.

Stems rather shorter than the leaves. Invol. in two rows. Achenes subcompressed,

very villous, narrowed at base.” DC.

5. M. taxifolia (DC. 1. ¢. 218); stem half-shrubby, erect, branched ;

leaves linear, acute, rigidly ciliate to the middle or beyond it; pedunce.

softly hairy ; invol.-scales acuminate; achenes guite glabrous or hispi-

dulous. Aster taxifolius, Linn.—Leyssera ciliata, Th! Cap. 690. Aster

filiformis, Eckl.

Var. 8. pinifolia; achenes sparingly and minutely hispidulous. M. pinifolia,

Sch. B. MM. lasiocarpa, Drege! in Herb. Hook.

Has. On and about Table Mt., common: §, with the common variety. (Herb.

Th., D., Sd., Hk., &c.)

A slender suffrutex, 6-15 inches high, much-branched ; branches erect, subsimple,

leafy for ? of their length. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 4 line wide. Disc 3-4 lines

across ; rays 4 lines long, purple. The stem is sometimes decumbent, with ascend-

ing branches and falcato-secund leaves. fe

6. M. lasiocarpa. (DC. 1. c.); stem half-shrubby, erect, branched ;

leaves linear, acute, rigidly ciliate; pedunc. glandularly bristly ; invol.

scales acuminate ; achenes densely silky.

a gle Caledon, £. Z./ Witsenberg, and Zwarteberg, Zeyher! 2751. (Herb.,

., Cap.

Very ibe a . taxifolia, but easily known by its silky achenes. Drege’s specimens

distributed under this name belong (so far as I have seen) to M. taxifolia 8B. The

VOL, Ui, 5

66 composit#& (Harv.) [Gymnostephiwm.

pedunc. in this species is rough with short, spreading, glandular bristles ; in M.

taxifolia, thinly clothed with soft, cobwebby hairs.

7. M. microcephala (DC. 1. c.); stem half-shrubby, erect, branched ;

leaves linear, ciliate or pubescent ; pedunc. glandularly bristly ; heads

small; invol.-scales few, subacute ; achenes pilose. Elphegea micro-

cephala Less. Syn. 184.

Has. Cape, Mundt & Maire, Burchell; Zeederberg, Drege! Zwellendam, Ecklon;

Zwarteberg, Zey./ 2751. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Very similar to the preceding, but smaller in all parts, with much smaller heads.

Peduncles naked, 2~4 inches long.

8. M. foliosa (Harv.) ; stem half-shrubby, corymbosely much-

branched, branches spreading, leafy to the swmmit; leaves linear, ob-

tuse, ciliate and pilose ; heads small, subsessile, ending leafy branches ;

invol.-seales few, subacute ; achenes pilose.

Has. Seekuvallei, #. Z.! Hott. Hollandsberg, Zey./ 2752. (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Nearly related to M. microcephala, but with quite a different aspect, 3-5 inches

high, very much branched and ramulous, all the fiowering branches leafy to the

summit. The dried specimens are glaucous,

9. M. corymbosa (Harv.); shrubby, robust, erect, branched; leaves

broadly linear-subulate or lanceolate-subulate, acute, flat, 3-nerved,

ciliato-serrate ; pedune. numerous, corymbose at the ends of the branches,

scabrous, pluribracteate ; involucral scales. 3-seriate, lanceolate, acute,

glabrous, ciliate, 3-ribbed; achenes of ray densely cano-pubescent.

Has. Near the mouth of the Klyn R., Zey./ 2742. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D., Cap.)

-Two feet high or more; the most robust and woody of the genus. Leaves 1-13

inch long, 1-3 lines wide at base, the young ones erect, the old deflexed, all rather

rigid, with immersed glands. The branches are leafy to the summit, and from the

axils of the uppermost leaves spring many short (2-3 inch long) peduncles, each

bearing several depauperated, scattered leaves or bracts. Invol. scales each with 3

glandular rib-striz. Achenes of the ray with copious, plumose pappus. Almost

identical in aspect and foliage with Gymnostephium corymbosum, but with a very

different involucre, and copious feathery pappus ! cowed

Sect. 3. HOMOCHROMA: Rays yellow.

10. M. Eklonis (Sond.); half-shrubby, erect, branched, all parts

very rough with glandular bristles, and sparingly pilose; leaves linear-

lanceolate, 1-nerved, acute, flat, on both sides scabrid, the younger also

ciliate with long, soft hairs; peduncles short; heads many-flowered ;

invol. scales acuminate; achenes densely silky. Homochroma Ecklonis,

DC. 1. c. 324.

Has. Near Tulbagh, Worcester, Z.§ Z./ Brackfontein, Zey.! (Herb. Sond.)

More rigid and robust than any of the preceding section, with broader, flatter,

and very scabrid leaves. The rays are yellow, on which character De Candolle

founds his genus Homochroma: in all other respects this plant agrees with Mairea.

XIV. GYMNOSTEPHIUM, Less.

Heads many-fl., radiate; ray-fl. female, ligulate, in one row; disc-/l.

tubular-funnel-shaped, 5-toothed, sterile (with perfect, bifid styles, but —

abortive ovaries). Invol. scales imbricate. Achenes of the ray-fl. plano-

compressed, rib-margined, beakless, glandularly-scabrous on the dis¢; _

Gymnostephium.| | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 67

of the disc linear, empty. Pappus caducous, of few setz, either shortly-

feathery or barbato-serrate ; ray-fl. either wholly without pappus, or

with 1-2 bristles. DC. l. c. p. 300.

South African suffrutices or half-herbaceous plants, with slender, rod-like, leafy

branches. Leaves alternate, linear or subulate, acute, entire, smooth or ciliate at

the margins. Heads pedunculate, solitary, small ; the ray blue, the disc yellow.

Invol. scales mostly marked with long, glandular ribs. Nearly related to Mairea,

from which it scarcely differs except by the scanty and less plumose pappus; I find

the ray-flowers with or without pappus in species which are otherwise very closely

allied. Name from yuuvos, naked, and oreos, a crown; alluding to the want of

pappus in the ray-flowers.

Inyol. scales glabrous or nearly so, flat, marked with 3 glandular rib-strie.

Lys. with minutely revolute margins, one-nerved :

Very slender; pedunc. glabrous; invol. scales few (1) gracile.

Robust; pedune. villous; invol. scales many ... (2) fruticosum.

Lys. channelled and keeled ; pedun. glandularly scabrous (3) angustifolium.

Invol. scales hispid or pubescent, keeled :

Pedune. elongate, one-headed; without bracts :

Stems and leaves roughly hispid and scabrous ... (4) hirsutum,

Stems glabrous; leaves glabrous, but ciliate ... (5) ciliare.

Pedune. short, corymbose, pluri-bracteate ; leaves ciliato-

SORTR or eS Ye oe ase ee Soe 4) Copymbosum.

1. G. gracile (Less ! Syn. 186) ; quite glabrous, very slender, diffuse ;

branches flexuous, laxly leafy ; leaves scattered, narrow-linear, acute,

with revolute margins, one-nerved and veiny ; heads shortly peduncled,

small; invol. triseriate, scales few, linear-oblong, flat, glabrous, ciliolate,

with 3 glandular ribs. DC. l. ¢. p. 300.

Has. Tradouw, Mundt and Maire! (Herb. Sond.)

A very slender, scarcely lignesent plant. Branches filiform. Leaves about 1 in.

long, § line wide, thin. Pappus of disc of one or two caducous, plumose bristles ;

of the ray none. Ripe achenes not seen.

2. G. fruticosum (DC.! 1. c. 300); nearly glabrous, shrubby ;

branches rather closely leafy, glabrous ; leaves alternate, linear, acute,

with revolute margins, one-nerved, glandularly-dotted, quite glabrous ;

pedune., short, villous, with many barbato-ciliate bracts; invol. pluri-

seriate, scales numerous, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, ciliate,

with 3 glandular ribs.

Has. Near Swellendam, Drege! (Herb. Sond., Hook.)

Much more robust than G. gracile, with larger fl. heads and involucres. Leaves

1 inch long, 1-14 lines wide. Our specimens are very imperfect, and I have seen

neither pappus nor achenes.

8. G. angustifolium (Harv.); erect, nearly glabrous ; branches rod-

like, glabrous, rather laxly leafy ; leaves subulato-filiform, channelled

and keeled, acute, glabrous, very entire or the uppermost ciliate ; pe-

dune. glanduloso-muricate; invol. triseriate, scales several, oblougo-

lanceolate, acute, minutely glandular and ciliate, with 3 glandular ribs.

Has. Near the River Zonder Einde, Zeyh.! 2743. (Herb., Sd., Hk., Cap.)

1-14 f. high, woody below, corymbosely branched upwards. Branches erecto-

patent. Leaves an inch or rather more long, not 4 line wide, the younger ones

rigidly ciliolate, especially near their base, the older quite smooth-edged, all semi-

amplexicaul. Pappus of disc of 2-3 caducous, barbellate bristles, of ray none. Ripe

achenes glandularly-granulate on the disc. This has quite theaspect of Aster simulans.

68 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Anaglypha.

4. G. hirsutum (Less.! Syn. 185); suffruticose; branches leafy,

roughly hispid with short, spreading hairs ; leaves linear-subulate,

acute, flat, one-nerved, on both sides glandularly hispid, ciliolate ; pe-

dune. elongate, glandularly scabrous; invol. 3-seriate, scales many,

linear-lanceolate, acute, keeled, one-ribbed, the outer hispid. DC.1.c. 300,

Has. Steenbock’s Riv., at Zwarteberg, Ecklon / (Herb. Sond.)

1-2 f. high, lignescent below. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 1-1} line wide at base,

gradually narrowing to the acute point, minutely gland-dotted, spreading. Achenes

black, glandularly scabrid on the disc,

5. G. ciliare (Harv.) ; suffruticose, branches leafy, glabrous ; leaves

linear-subulate, acute, flat, one-nerved, glabrous, setoso-ciliate ; pedune.

elongate, glandularly pubescent (or glabrous, DC.) ; invol. pluriseriate,

scales numerous, one-nerved, pubescent. Felicia ciliaris, DC.! 1. ¢. p.

221. Also Heteractis falcata, DC. Prodr. VI. 468.

pny near Swellendam, Drege / Genadendahl, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Sd.,

Very similar to the preceding, except in pubescence, and perhaps it is only a

glabrous variety. Pappus plumoso-barbellate. Achenes black, 2-ribbed, the dise

glandularly granulated.

6. G. corymbosum (Hary.) ; shrubby, robust; branches glabrous,

densely leafy; leaves linear-subulate, acute, flat, 1-3-nerved, ciliato-

serrate, shortly decurrent ; pedune. short, densely corymbose, pluri-brac-

teate, hispido-scabrous and glandular ; invol. pluriseriate, scales many,

linear-lanceolate, acuminate, roughly pubescent ; achenes of ray with

1-3 barbellate bristles. Agathwa corymbosa, Turcz. Bull, Mosc. v. XXIV.

IT. p. 60. Walp. Ann. 5, p. 172.

Has. Near the River Zonder Einde, Zeyher / 2741. (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

This has the foliage of @. ciliare, but is much more robust and woody, with a

very different inflorescence. Stems 1-2 f. high, branched above. Branches corym-

bose, leafy to the summit. Lvs. 1-14 inches long, 2 lines wide at base, somewhat

gland-dotted, the wider ones obviously 3-nerved. Pedunc. many from the axils of

the uppermost leaves, simple or branched, each bearing several subulate, scattered

bracts. Achenes of ray black, 2-ribbed, glandularly granulated on the disc. Very

similar in aspect to Mairea corymbosa, which has however a very different involucre

and pappus.

XV.? ANAGLYPHA, DC.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. 1-seriate, strapshaped, female ; diésc-

Ji. tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite. Jnvol. 2-seriate, scales equal,

rather longer than the disc, much acuminate. Recept. flat, honey-

combed. TZ'ube of corolla hairy. Anth.... Style... . Achenes

obovate, downy, without pappus. DC. Prodr. 3,p. 311.

A suffrutex with the aspect of Mairea taxifolia, or of Gymnostephium ciliare; the

stem and ends of the branches velvetty with short, glandular down. Leaves alter-

nate, linear, recurved at the acuminate point, on both sides striato-sulcate, very

rough with rigid, spreading cilia along the margins and nerves beneath, toward the

apex. Heads small, terminal, solitary. FI. of disc and ray yellow.—Name, from

ava, with, and yAvon, sculptwre, from the furrowed leaves,

1. A. aspera (DC. 1. c.) :—

Has. Between Coega and Zwartkops Rivers, under 100of., Drege.

Charieis. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 69

_Of this I have only seen (in Herb. Sond.) what purports to be a leafy twig,

without flowers; in this state not distinguishable from Osteospermum pare i

De Candolle had seen only one imperfect specimen,

XVI. CHARIEIS, Cass.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. female, in one row ; disc-fl. herma-

phrodite, 5-toothed, tubular-bellshaped. ecept. honey-combed. Jnvol.-

scales bi-serial, the outer ones few, narrow, infolded and keeled, the

inner membrane-edged, with a green keel. Style of the disc-fl. with

flattened branches and deltoid stigmas. Achenes obovate, compressed,

girt with a thickened rim ; those of the ray-/l. frequently empty and

always without pappus. Pappus of the disc-/t. of feathered-bristles in

asingle row. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 300.

A small, pubescent annual, Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, membranous,

attenuate at base. Peduncles terminal, leafless, 1-headed. Ray-fi. blue; disc either

blue or yellow. The stigma has something the character of that of a Senecionea,

but the habit and general character are those of the herbaceous Agathee or Amelli.

Name, Xaptlets, elegant. ‘ { RLat

Ape?

1. C. heterophylla (Cass.); DC.J.c. 300. Kaulfussia amelloides, } ww"

Nees, Hort. Ber. t. 11. Leyssera pilosella, Th.! Cap. 691 (ex pte.)

Has. Wet spots on the Cape Flats, and other places in the Western Districts,

common. (Herb. Th. D., Sd., Hk.) ,

Stem erect or diffuse, branching, 4—6 inches high, hispid and scabrous. Leaves

1-24 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, oblongo-lanceolate, tapering at base, hispid on

both sides. Peduncles elongate, glandular and hispid. Disc either blue or yellow ;

rays blue.—Cultivated in English gardens.

XVII. ASTER, Linn.

Heads many-fi. heterogamous; ray-/l. ligulate, female, in 1 row ; disc-

jl. 5-toothed, perfect, rarely sterile. Recept. naked, areolate or honey-

combed. Jnvol. scales imbricated, in few or several rows, appressed or

loose. Achenes compressed. Pappus of many serrulated, caducous or

subpersistent, uniform bristles, uniseriate (or pluriseriate?) Felicia,

Munychia, Agathea, Bellidiastrum, Aster., Tripolium, DC.

218, 222, 2239226, 253. S

A vast cosmopolitan genus of annual or perennial herbs, suffrutices, or small

shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire or toothed, sessile or petiolate. Fi.-

heads (in the Cape species) solitary, terminal, mostly peduncled. Disc yellow, very

rarely purple ; rays blue, white, or pinkish, never yellow. Name from aster, a star ;

alluding to the radiate fi.-heads.

1. Felicia.—Inv. scales imbricated in 3 or more rows, the outer scales short, the

next longer, the innermost longest. (Sp. 1-24.).

A. Achenes more or less pubescent or hispidulous. (Sp. 1-18),

(1) Herbaceous : annual or perennial.

Annual or biennial: lvs. linear; branchest-headed (1) tenellus.

Annual; lys. linear; branches corymbose at top (2) microspermus.

Perennial; with a thick, woody root; lvs. spa- :

thulate Spee, SET MER ied Seelnsiaeew ov (3) macrorhizus.

(2) Shrubby or half-shrubby, branching ; erect or diffuse : :

(2) Pappus white ; achenes thinly hispid or puberulous (rarely silky) :

Heads discoid ; leaves linear-spathulate ... ... (15) discoideus.

Heads radiate ;— as

Leaves glabrous or ciliate :

70 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ A ster.

Lys. subulate or filiform, without obvious nerve:

Lvs. subterete, glabrous or ciliate... (4) muricatus.

Lvs. subulate, channelled, glabrous ;

Achenes puberulous ; pappus

deciduous, flexuous ...... (6) simulans.

Achenes densely silky ; pappus a

persistent, straight ... ... (8) Bowiei.

Lys. nerved, smooth-edged... ... ... (7) angustifolius.

Lys. nerved, ciliate or serrulate :

Pedune. terminal, t-headed :

Lvs, lance-linear, acute... ... (8) serrulatus.

Lvs. oblong-obovate, obtuse... (9) Zeyheri.

Peduncles lateral, in a panicle or .

thyrsus) ws... (10) erigeroides.

Lys. pubescent, canescent, or scabrid glandular :

Lys. minutely-pulverulent or velvetty-pulvt.:

Lvs. obl.-spathulate, obtuse, entire (1 1) Dregei.

Lys. 3-5-toothed at point, velvetty (11) Dregei, 8.

Lvs. 3-5-lobed at point, scabrid-pul-

verulent eS Sere

Lvs. roughly-pubescent or canescent :

Lvs. spreading, appressed-pubescent

(42) scabridus.

orcanous ... ... 4... ... 4... (13) hyssopifolius.

Leaves erect, roughly-hairy ; twigs

rO-lke 9

os. se cee | oes (Rd) OCR

(6) Pappus reddish, rigid ; achenes densely silky or hairy :

Glaucous; lvs. filiform, rigidly ciliate, elabrous... (16) rufibarbis.

Robust, divaricate, green; lvs. linear, glabrous or

pilose: i142. ioe ogy ieee ate (18) Burkei,

Glandular ; lvs linear, entire, the up. glandular (17) lasiocarpus.

B. Achenes perfectly glabrous. (Sp. 19-24).

Leaves opposite, linear, fleshy, obtuse, entire ..

(19) ficoideus.

Leaves scattered, linear or lanceolate :

Lvs. margined with stalked glands ... ... ... (20) Caffrorum.

Lys. glabrous, revolute-reflexed ; inyol. scales

OTTRETOWS vs. erat, ook. hg ast uty, ee Ae

Lvs, ciliate, imbricate; inv. scales erect ... _.. (22) imbricatus.

Leaves broad-based, oblong, ovate, or ovato-lanceolate:

Branches rod-like ; lvs. imbricate ; heads sub-

EOE Cie a ee ee (23) echinatus.

Branches curved ; lys, strongly recurved ; heads

2, Agathza,—Invol. campanulate,

nearly of equal size, the outer scales

. and mostly keeled. (Sp. 25-46).

A, Annuals :

Disc-fl. abortive. Pappus of few, barbellate bristles.

Invol. scales linear, hairy at back ... ... .. (25) Bergerianus.

Invol scales broadly-oblong, quite glabrous ... (26) annectens.

Disc. fl. generally perfect. Pappus of many bristles.

Leaves mostly alternate (save the lower) :

Inv. scales 2~3-seriate, acute or acuminate :

Root slender. A. slender, branching,

hairy annual

(24) reflexus.

the scales either in 1 row, or, if in 2 or 3 rows,

being as long, or nearly as long, as the inner,

eabihos ebb oud) pac: (97). SER

Root thick. A robust, very hairy, and

glandularannual. ... ... ... .., (28) Namaquanus.

Tny. scales uniseriate, obtuse ; lvs. roundish-

oblong... 3

: Mab aires ysass oer oe (44) Capensis, 8.

Leaves mostly opposite (some alternate) : ;

Lys. close-set, linear or spathulate, 3-1 in. long (29 Pappei.

Aster. ] COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 71

Lvs. distant, ovate or obovate, 2-3 lineslong (30) demissus.

Lys. distant, lance-oblong, 3-ner.,14-2in.long (31) tener.

B. Perennials: either shrubby, half-shrubby, or herbaceous :—

Leaves distinctly petiolate, opposite, ovate, crenate :

Ray-fl. 3-toothed. Disc fertile. Stem woody ... (32) hirsutus.

Ray-fl. subentire. Disc sterile, Stem herbaceous (33) Cymbalariz.

Leaves distinctly petiolate, alternate, ovate, toothed (34) petiolatus.

Leaves sessile or subsessile :

Stems herbaceous, simple (or very short) ; lvs. large:

Stems ascending, leafy; peduncles pubescent,

elongate: :.<2c. <*ses: 5 uae: cee oe Pee ee 98)

Stemless, with rosulate radical lvs.; pedunc.

with 6-8 scattered, leafy bracts ... ... (36) Natalensis.

Stems much branched, ligneous or shrubby :—

Leaves mostly opposite :

Achenes quite smooth and glossy _..._ (45) Ethiopicus.

Achenes pubescent or puberulous :

Lys. roundish-oblong, obtuse, with

reflexed edges ... ... ... ... (44) Capensis,

Lys. subacute, erect, very hairy, ob-

long or lanceolate... ... ... (42) strigosus,

Lys, blunt, linear-oblong, thick,

beneath bristly ... ... ... ... (39) barbatus.

Lys. spreading, oblong or obovate, ,

hispid with long, spreading hairs (40) elongatus.

Leaves mostly alternate :

Ripe achenes quite glabrous and glossy:

Lys. oblong or obovate, obtuse,

entire ... (45) Ethiopiens. Yy

Lys. cuneate, sharply 3—-5-toothed,

AGUID cece er tae! et 46) felooares,

Ripe achenes pubescent or puberulous :

Leaves glabrous, serrulate :—

Lys. linear-lanceolate, tapering

at base:96$:2°"..9° Ay >... | (38) Hinifolius,

Lys. oblong-linear, broad-based (37) serratus.

Leaves hairy, scabrid or glandular.

Lys. scattered, oblong, obovate,

lanceol. or spathulate, hairy

and glandular ... ... ... (39) elongatus.

Lys. oblong-linear, ciliate with

swollen, jointed hairs 1a

Lvs. crowded, narrow, with re- :

volute margins, above rough

with prominent glands ... (43) Ecklonis.

Sect. 1, FELICIA, (Sp. 1-24).

1. A. tenellus (Linn. Mant. 471); annual or biennial, herbaceous or

at base lignescent, erect, diffuse or prostrate, simple or much branched,

sparsely pilose or nearly glabrous, or glandular-pubescent ; leaves nar-

row-linear, callous tipped, nerveless, mostly rigidly ciliate ; fl. branches

uncular, one-headed; invol.-scales acute or subobtuse, margined,

hispidulous or glabrous ; achenes minutely pubescent. Bot. Mag. t. 33.

A. tenellus and A, dentatus, Thunb.! Felicia tenella, DC.1. c. 219. F.

fragilis, Cass, Kaulfussia ciliata, Spr, Cineraria tenella, Link.

Var. a, pusillus; very small and slender, annual, erect, hispid, with long pe-

duncles ; lvs. ciliate.

Var. 8. cotuloides; very slender, annual, erect, much-branched, sparsely hispid

72 coMposITz (Harv.) [ Aster.

or glandular, with long peduncles, and small fl. heads ; lvs. very narrow, now and

then ciliate. F. cotuloides, DO.! l. c. Zey.! 782.

Var. y. glaber ; annual, subsimple, erect, nearly glabrous ; lvs. short, sparingly

ciliate ; inv. scales broad, flat, obtuse, glabrous (or pilose). F. tenella, litt. a,in Hb. Drege.

Var. 5. robustus; annual, erect, strong, much branched, copiously hispid and

glandular, or nearly glabrous. Zey. 783.

Var. e. longifolius (DC.) ; biennial or perennial (?), branches rooting at base,

ascending or prostrate ; lvs. long or short, ciliate, otherwise glabrous. DC./ C. Wright,

386, 395. Sieb. Fl. 253.

Has. Damp spots throughout the westerndistricts, common. (Hb. D., Hk.,Sd.,Th.)

Very variable in size and pubescence. Stems 2-14 inches high. Roots either

threadlike and simple, or of many robust fibres, the prostrate portions of the branches

rooting at base. Lvs. } inch to 2 inches long. Pubescence hairy or glandular and

viscidulous. None of the above varieties are constant to the given characters.

2. A. microspermus (DC.); annual, herbaceous, many stemmed ;

stems diffuse, simple below, branched and corymbose, and glandularly

pubescent near the summit; leaves linear, semiterete, obtuse, callous

tipped, minutely glandular, (not ciliate) ; invol. scales linear, subacute,

glandular ; achenes “glabrescent”? DC. Felicia microsperma, DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Near the Gariep, Drege / (Herb. Sond., Hook.) ‘

Perhaps a mere var. of A, tenellus, from which it differs chiefly in ramification.

‘*Stems 8-12 inches long. Lys. 9-10 lines long, } line wide. Heads of A. tenellus,

but corymbulose. Achenes sprinkled with a few appressed hairs.” DC,

3. A. macrorhizus (Thunb. ! Cap. 687); root very thick and woody,

elongate ; stems many, short, densely tufted, simple ; leaves alternate,

very closely set, from broad-clasping bases linear-spathulate, much at-

tenuated towards the base, entire, pilose ; heads peduncled ; invol.

seales multiseriate, imbricate, flat, glanduloso-scaberulous, lanceolate-

linear, acuminate; achenes reddish-brown, pilose. Less. Syn. 175.

Felicia macrorhiza, DC. 1. c. 219.

Has. Cape, Thunberg ! (Herb. Thunb.)

Root § inch in diameter, 8-12 inches or more long, probably growing in fissures

of mountain rocks. Stems 2-3 inches long, densely imbricated with leaves. Bases

of the leaves ovate, glabrous, remaining as persistent scales after the fall of the

lamina. Leaves about an inch long, 1-1} lines wide at top, thinly sprinkled with

long, white hairs. Pappus sulphur-coloured. Achenes rather copiously furnished

with long, straight hairs. A very distinct species.

4. A. muricatus (Less.! Syn. 176); shrubby, erect, much branched,

thinly hispid or glabrescent ; leaves linear-terete, furrowed above,

spreading, obtuse, callous tipped, entire, either glabrous or sprinkled

with hairs or ciliate with rigid bristles ;

> axils often bearing leaf-tufts,

heads peduncled; invol. scales acute, linear, minutely glandular or

glabrous ; achenes puberulous. A. jilifolius, Zey./

Var. a. fascicularis (E. M.); leaves mostly tufted, glab: sparsely pilose.

Felicia fascicularis, DC. 1. c. 220. Zey.! 790. : esac bs

Mio 8. ciliatus; all the young leaves rigidly ciliate. Zey.! 793.

AR. y. ehrysocomoides (Sond.) ; leaves mostly scattered, viscidulous-subglan-

dular. Zey.! 797. Drege! 9096. :

Has. Carroo places in Uitenhage, Albany, and Br. Caffraria, Krebs, E. Z.!

Drege! &. B. Modder River Spruit, Burke and Zeyher) 7. Cape, E.

Zey.t (Herb. Th., D, Hk, Sa)” Ep cements

Aster.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 73

A small, slender shrublet, 3-8 inches high. Leaves 3-8 lines long, very slender,

conspicuously channelled. Pedunc. 2-3 inches long, glabrous or puberulous, Inv.

scales flattish. Variable chiefly in its pubescence.

5. A. Bowiei (Harv.); suffruticose, glabrous, flexuous ; branches

closely leafy; leaves filiform-subulate, channelled, very long, acute (the

younger bristle-pointed), quite entire; peduncles elongate, quite gla-

brous; invol. scales 3-seriate, imbricate, flat, lanceolate, acuminate,

1-nerved ; achenes densely silky; pappus of many, sub-persistent, straight,

scaberulous bristles.

Has. Cape, Bowie. (Herb. Hk.)

Near A. simulans, but with much longer lvs., densely silky achenes, and persistent,

copious, and straight pappus-bristles. Lvs. 14-2 inches long, } line wide, involute,

indistinctly nerved at base, tapering to a setaceous point. Peduncles 4 inches long.

Head many-flowered. Of this I have only seen a solitary specimen in Hb. Hk.

6. A. simulans (Harv.); shrubby, erect, glabrous (save the peduncles) ;

branches rod-like, closely leafy; lvs. linear-subulate, channelled, callous-

tipped, acute, quite entire ; peduncles thinly pubescent; involuc. scales

pluriseriate, imbricate, flat, lanceolate-linear, acute, 1-nerved, ciliolate ;

achenes puberulous ; pappus of many slender, subflexuous, deciduous,

rough bristles.

Has. Berg River, Zey./ Sept. (Herb. Sond.)

One to two feet high, slender, but woody. Leaves an inch or rather more long,

erect, closely overlapping, not half a line in diameter, broad-based. Peduncles

2-3 inches long. Heads rather small. Almost identical in aspect with Gymno-

stephium angustifolium, but differing in pappus and involucre.

7. A. angustifolius (Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 370); “shrubby, erect ;

branches slender, flexuous, glabrous, the younger leafy ; leaves mem-

branous, scattered, sessile, obovate-lanceolate, linear, acuminate, smooth-

edged, tapering at base, 1-nerved, at length quite glabrous; heads

pedunculate; invol. pluriseriate, scales flat, glabrous, fimbriate; achenes

puberulous.” Less. Syn. p.178. F. angustifolia, Nees. DC. l.c. 220.

Has. Cultivated from Cape seeds. :

One to two feet high. Leaves 6-12 lines long, 4-1 line wide. Heads with blue

rays. Said by Lessing to be scarcely distinguishable from A. hyssopifolius, save by

its glabrous leaves, slender branches, and leaves without leaf-tufts. It is probably

@ mere garden variety.

8. A. serrulatus (Harv.); suffruticose or shrubby, much-branched ;

branches glabrous or pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, flat or concave,

acute, 1-nerved or nearly nerveless, calloso-serrulate or rough-edged, the

younger ciliate (sometimes setose), the adult glabrous; peduncles elon-

gate, pubescent near the summit; invol. scales pluriseriate, flat, lanceo-

late, glabrous, ciliolate; achenes puberulous.

Var. a. polyphyllus; a rigid, much-branched, fastigiate shrub ; leaves crowded,

3-5 lines long, concave, with indistinct nerve. Zey./ 2749, 2729.°

Var. 8. densus; similar to a, but more glabrous, with distinctly nerved leaves,

3-4 lines long. Zey./ 791.

Var. y. glaber; slender, suffruticose, nearly glabrous ; leaves less closely set,

6-8 lines long. Felicia angustifolia, B. glabra, DC. 1. c, 220.

Var, 3. setosus; suffruticose, pilose ; leaves setoso-ciliate, the younger ones also

pilose. Zey./ 2729, b.

74 : COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Aster’.

Has. Vars. 8 and 8, Rietkuil and Grootvadersbosch, Zey./ 8. Wolvekop, Burke

and Zey.! a Zeederberg and Stormberg, Drege/ 8. Vanstaadensberg, Zey./ (Herb.

D., Hk., Sd.)

When fully grown this is a woody and scrubby, much-branched bush, 10-15 inches

(or more) high. Leaves 3-8 lines long, more or less attenuated to the base, the

adult (save in var. 8.) nearly glabrous; but even then the stumps of the cilia remain

as serratures: by which character this seems to differ from A. angustifolius.

9, A. Zeyheri (Less. Syn. 177); shrubby, flexuous; branches pilose,

becoming glabrous ; leaves oblong-cuneate or obovate, flat, one-nerved,

obtuse, glabrous, closely and rigidly ciliate; heads on long, glabrous or

pilose peduncles; inyol. scales glabrous, flat, linear-lanceolate, subacute ;

achenes thinly pubescent. 7. Zeyheri, Nees, DC. l.c. p.220. Zey./ 27596.

Has. Dry places near the Commandokraal, Zondag river, and on Vanstaadens-

bergen, Zey.! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

A small, scrubby plant, 6-8 inches high, rigid and irregularly branched, the adult

parts becoming glabrous. Leaves crowded, 4-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide, greatly

narrowed to the base, and fringed with short, rigid bristles. Peduncles 3-4 inches

long, slender. Invol. 3-seriate.

10, A. erigeroides (Harv.); shrubby; branches virgate, appressedly

pubescent, leafy ; leaves obovate, elliptic-oblong or broadly linear, ob-

tuse, mostly 3-nerved, narrowed to the base, sparsely hispid becoming

glabrous, serrulato-ciliolate; axils bearing leaf-tufts; lateral twigs naked

toward the summit, ending in a fl.-head, forming a thyrsus or panicle

of fl.-heads ; invol.-scales flattish, acute, ciliate, glabrescent ; achenes

pubescent, narrow-cuneate, Felicia erigeroides, DU. l. c. 219.

Var. 8. Schultesii (Harv.); more branched, less virgate ; leaves narrower,

tapering much to the base. F. Nutalensis, Sch. Bip. Walp. Rep. 2. 956.

Var. y. trimervius; less virgate, more ramulous ; the twigs longer, bearing 2-3

heads ; leaves larger and more obovate. Zey. 2740. F. trinervia, Turcz! Bull.

Mose. 1851. vol. 24. 2. p. 60.

Has. Near Natal, both a and 8., Drege! Krauss! Sanderson! Ger. § McK. 274.

y. Uitenhage, Zeyher! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

One to two feet high, robust, becoming quite woody. Branches 12-18 inches

long, rodlike, closely leafy, bearing toward the summit many short, half-leafy

flowering twigs. Leaves #-14 inch long, 2-4 lines wide: the lateral nerves not

always apparent, but often visible even in the narrowest leaves of var. 8. The

ray-fl. are pink or light purple.

11. A. Dregei (Harv.); shrubby, erect, branched; the branches,

leaves and peduncles closely and minutely velvetty-pubescent ; the branches

and peduncles angularly striate ; leaves oblong-spathulate, obtuse, nar-

rowed much to the base, entire or nearly so, one-nerved ; invol.-scales

flattish, linear, acute, fringed and bearded above ; achenes pubescent

and ciliate. Zey.! 795. Fel. Dregei, DC. l. c. 221.

Van. f. dentata (DC.) ; lvs. obovate, obtuse, sharply 3-5 toothed at the summit.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege Heerelogement, Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

One to two feet high. Leaves 6-8 lines long, 2 lines wide, often with axillary

leaf-tufts. Peduncles 3-4 inches long. Disc fl. yellow “ changing to purple”; ray

blue. The pubescence is remarkably close and knappy, formed of minute, >

rs it this speci A. erigeroides, but is much

12. A. seabridus (E. Mey. !) 3 suffruticose, the old stems glabrate,

itn

Aster. | COMPOSITZ (Haryv.) 75

twigs puberulent ; leaves save the lowest alternate, scabrido-pulveru-

lent, cuneate, narrowed at base, 3-5 toothed or lobed at the apex, the

lobes obtuse ; pedune. terminal, glandularly puberulous ; invol.-scales

linear-lanceolate, flattish, imbricate, in 3-4 rows ; ripe achenes sparsely

pubescent. Aster scabridus, FE. Mey.! Agatheea scabrida, DO. 1. c, p. 225.

Var. 8. brevifolius; old twigs spinescent ; lvs. shorter. Ag. brevifolia, DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Between Hexriviersberge and the Bokkeveld, Drege! 8. i

Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) re eee a

A rather slender suffrutex, but rigid, 1-1} ft. high, with spreading branches.

Leaves in var. a, 6-8 lines, in 8, 2-3 lines long. Pappus rigid, as long as the fl.,

discoloured. Disc fi. reddish upwards. This comes very near A. Dregei, B. den-

tatus, from which, except by the pubescence it scarcely differs.

13. A. hyssopifolius (Berg.! Cap. 287); shrubby, much branched ;

branches pubescent or canous ; leaves linear or spathulate, flat, obtuse,

thick, nerveless, spreading, strigoso-pubescent or canescent ; heads

peduncled, the peduncle pubescent or canous; iny.-scales acute or sub-

obtuse, pulverulent, or canous; achenes minutely pulverulent. Less. /

Syn. 175.

Var. a. hirtus; leaves thinly strigose, green. Aster hirtus, Thunb.! Cap. 688.

F, angustifolia, a DC.! r: ed : Z

Van. 8. rigidulus; leaves copiously strigose or rigidly pubescent, green. Felicia

rigidula, DC.! l. ¢. 220.

Var. y. linifolius; lvs. verylong(}—1 in.) tapering at base, rigidly pubese. Zey.! 2747.

Var. 8. canescens; foliage silvery canescent, with rigid appressed hairs. F.

rigidula, var. sub-canescens, DC.!

Var. €. canus; all parts clothed with soft, dense, white hairs. Felicia cana, DC. 1. ¢.

Var. ¢. Wallichii ; silvery canescent ; inv.-scales oblong-linear, obtuse! A. Wal-

lichii, Harv. MS.

Has. Var. a. Zwartland and Groenekloof, 7h./ Olifant’s R., Mundt and Maire.

N. West regions, Drege! Springbokkeel, Zey./ 798, 3089. 8. Uitenhage and Albany,

common. yy. Kommando Kraal, Zey.! 5. Grassrugg, Uit., #.Z./ Drege! Grahams-

town, Burke/ e. Swellendam, £. Z. ¢. Cape, Dr. Wallich/ (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched, at length woody and rigid, small scrub, 8-15 inches high:

branches erect or widely spreading. Pubescence very variable, but never quite

absent ; sometimes very white and copious. Leaves commonly 4 inch long, varying

from 3-9 or in , 12 lines long, 1-14 lines wide. Rays blue. Var. ¢. differs from

the rest in its broader and much more obtuse invol.-scales.

14? A. confusus (Harv.); “stem shrubby, branches rod-like, hairy-

canescent ; leaves linear, flat, sub-obtuse, on both sides strigose-hairy ;

heads solitary, on short peduncles ; invol. scales in 2-3 rows, the outer

ones hairy.” DC. F. hirsuta, DC. 1. ¢. 220.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell; Ceded Territory and Graaf Reynet, E. ¢ Z. ;

Klaap river, Drege!

- Leaves 5-6 lines long, erect, distributed along the whole branch, except a short,

naked, peduncular extremity.”—DC. I have not seen Burchell’s or £. § Z.’3 speci-

mens. Drege’s specimens (in Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) under this name may be thus

described :—“ Shrubby, much-branched, flexuous or divaricate, the twigs glandularly

pubescent and viseidulous; leaves narrow-linear, channelled, obtuse, erect or spreading,

on both sides roughly setose or (in Herb. D.) setoso-ciliate; heads solitary, on short

or long, glandular peduncles; inyol.scales in 2~3 rows, the outer minutely glandular.”

These are very like some forms of A. muricatus, but differ in pubescence; I fear a

very variable character. A specimen in Hb. Sd. from Drege, named “ F. imbricata,”

agrees better with Decandolle’s F. hirsuta, but has long peduncles !

76 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Aster.

15. A. discoideus (Sond.); shrubby, rigid, divaricately much-branched ;

twigs closely leafy, viscidulous ; leaves linear-spathulate, flat, obtuse,

nerveless, glabrous ; heads shortly pedunculate, discoid; invol. scales

loosely imbricate, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, at length squar-

rose and reflexed ; achenes puberulous. :

Has. Cape, Ecklon and Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

A very rigid, depressed shrub, the old twigs hardening and almost spiny. Leaves

2-3 lines long, 4 line wide, sensibly narrowed to the base. Peduncles very short,

or almost none. Heads globose, This is readily known by its discoid flowers.

16. A. rufibarbis (Harv.) ; shrubby, much-branched, slender, glaucous,

sparsely setose ; leaves filiform, slender, scattered, spinoso-ciliate, pale ;

heads on slender peduncles ; invol. scales linear, acute, triseriate, gla-

brous ; achenes densely silky ; pappus copious, rusty-reddish ; rays

scarcely longer than the pappus. Felicia, 103, 4, in Hb. Eek.

Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

A slender, pale shrub, 6-8 inches high. Branches striate, straw-colour, erect.

Leaves 5-7 lines long, 4 line in diameter, margined with stiff bristles, otherwise

glabrous. Peduncles 3 inches long. Heads small. Pappus a bright brick-dust

colour, serrulate. -Achenes clothed with long, silky, white hairs. A very distinct

species, but apparently allied to the following.

17. A. lasiocarpus (Harv.); “stem shrubby, dwarf, glabrous, glan-

duloso-puberulent in the upper parts ; leaves linear, very entire, acute,

tapering at base and semi-amplexicaul, the lower ones glabrous, the

upper with the stem and involucres glandular; achenes densely silky,

with appressed hairs.” —DC. Felicia lasiocarpa, DC. 1. c. 221.

Has. Between Hexrivier and the Bokkefeld, 3000-4000 feet, Drege.

“Stem 4 inches high. Leaves uncial, aline wide. Pappus rufous, d serru-

late. Heads g-10 lines in diameter.” This I have not seen. A specimen from

Drege in Herb. Sond. marked “ F. lasiocarpa, DC.” is merely a fragment of Mairea

taxifolia !

18. A. Burkei (Harv.); rigidly shrubby, divaricate; twigs glabrous,

the older spinescent; leaves narrow-linear, flattish or channelled, thick,

obtuse, scattered, glabrous or sparsely setose ; heads on short, pubescent

peduncles; invol. scales oblong-linear, acute, keeled, 3-seriate, glabrous,

subciliate ; achenes clothed with long hairs; pappus rufous, barbellate ;

rays not much longer than the pappus, Zey./ 784.

Has. Gamke river, Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Hk., 8d., D.)

A rigid, scrubby, thick-stemmed bush, 6-8inches high, divaricately much-branched.

Leaves 45 lines long, 4 line wide, slightly tapering to the base. Peduncles 2 inches

long. Possibly only a scrubby, starved state of A. rujibarbis, but the habit is some-

what different.

19. A. ficoideus (Harv.); quite glabrous, stem decumbent, rooting ;

leaves opposite, fleshy, linear-semiterete, obtuse, quite entire, slightly

narrowed at base; peduncles terminal, not much longer than the leaves;

invol.-scales oblong, obtuse ; pappus fugacious, of 5-6 sete. Burch.

Cat. n. 5311. Fel. ficoidea, DC. l. c, 221.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell. Wet spots near the mouth of the Zwartkops

on site flesh os ha 9) Stems striate, 1}

: : ea .

lines in diam. Leaves 1-14 in, long, 14 line wide. Fl. 4~5 lines across ; rays white!

Aster. | COMPOSITA (Hary.) 77

20. A. Caffrorum Gees, Syn. 179); shrubby, much branched, nearly

glabrous, twigs densely leafy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, flat, one-nerved,

much attenuated at base, mucronate-acuminate, glabrous, spreading,

margined with prominent glands ; heads on short, scabrous peduncles,

corymbulose at the ends of leafy twigs ; invol.-scales pluriseriate, flat,

with a glandular-reddish midrib and minutely lacerate, scarious margins;

achenes quite glabrous. Felicia Caffrorum, Nees. Ast. 214. DOC. l.c. 221.

Has. Caffraria, Krebs, No. 178. (Herb. Sond.)

Of this I have seen only the flowering twigs. Leaves nearly uncial, 14-2 lines

wide, thinnish, pierced with pellucid dots, either quite entire or with 1-2 lateral

teeth. Heads 16-20 fl., numerous, crowded round the ends of the twigs.

21. A. retortus(DC.); “quite glabrous ; stem shrubby, the branches

leafy to the summit ; leaves linear, acute, revolute-reflered with the

nerve at base produced into a decurrent prominence ; outer invol.

poales revolute-refleced, inner longer, erect.” DC. Felicia retorta, DC.

~C. 2231,

Has, Near Gnadendahl, Burchell. 7793. (Unknown to us.)

22. A. imbricatus (DC.); “shrubby; branches densely covered

with imbricating leaves, only at the extremity scarcely nude, one-head-

ed; leaves linear, subacute, not tapering at base, thickish, with a

prominent nerve, nearly trigonous, at the margins and sometimes on

the midrib ciliate with bristles ; outer iny.-scales linear, hairy at back,

the inner ones glabrous and scarious,” DC. fF. imbricata, DC. l. c. 221.

Has. District of Worcester, Z. Z. (Unknown to us).

** Lvs. 4 lines long, a line wide. Hds.nearly asin A.echinatus. Ach.glabrous.” DC.

23. A. echinatus (Less.! Syn. 177); stem shrubby, branched, either

hairy, thinly pilose, or quite glabrous; branches virgate, closely set

with leaves throughout ; leaves broad-based, sessile, ovate-oblong or

lanceolate-oblong, pungent mucronate, spreading or deflexed, glabrous,

often ciliato-serrate ; pedune. one or several, subterminal, corymbose,

short, hairy, with scattered bractlike-leaves ; inv.-scales dentato-ciliate,

acuminate, either glabrous at back or rough with toothlike-bristles.

Pteronia echinata, Thunb.! Cap. 629.

Var. a. echinata; stem hairy; leaves ciliato-serrate ; iny.-scales very rough

dorsally. Felicia echinata, DC./ 1. c. 222.

Var. 8. Paralia ; stem glabrous or thinly pilose ; lvs. entire-edged or sparingly

ciliate ; inv.-scales dorsally either glabrous or sparinglyscabrous. Fel. Paralia, DC. 1.c.

Has. Plettenburg Bay, Bowie! Mundt! Outenaqualand, Burchell, Drege. /

Knysna, Pappe/ Port Elizabeth, Mrs. Holland, 135. 8. Uitenhage, Burchell,

Albany, E£. Z.! Mrs. F. W. Barber / Pt. Elizabeth, Dr. Pappe! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A stout, small shrub, 1-2 f. high, with crowded, simple, erect branches, densely

leafy. Leaves 5-10 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, at length deflexed. Heads large ;

rays either blue or white. Variable in pubescence. I find intermediate states con-

24. A. reflexus (Linn. Sp. 1225); stem shrubby, fasciculately

branched, glabrous or setose ; branches simple, flexuous, closely leafy

throughout ; leaves broadbased, sessile, oblong or sublanceolate, strongly

recurved, acute, glabrous, rigid, serrato-ciliate or entire; heads subsessile

78 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Aster.

or shortly pedunculate, pedune. sparsely leafy, hispid; invol.-scales

oblong, subacute, glabrous or with a few dorsal, toothlike bristles. Andr.

Rep. t. 93. Bot. Mag. t. 884. Thunb. Cap. 689. Chrysocoma scabra, Th.!

Cap. 627. C. Wright, 335. Felicia reflera, DC.1.¢.222. Steb. FL, 27.

Var. f. brachyphyllus (Sond.) ; slender, with very small and nearly entire lvs.

Has, Mts. round Capetown, common. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Very variable in pubescence and in the marginal teeth of leaves, &c. A straggling

under shrub. Stems and branches curving. Leaves 2-4, rarely 6-9 lines long,

1-14 lines wide. Rays white, purple on underside.

Sect. 2. AcaTH#a. (Sp. 25-45).

25. A. Bergerianus (Harv.); annual; stem and branches densely

hairy with long, spreading hairs; leaves opposite or alternate, obovate-

oblong, denticulate, subacute, 1-nerved on both sides, hairy with long,

sparse hairs; peduncles long, pubescent; invol. scales wnisertate, linear-

oblong, obtuse, with a hairy keel and membranous margins; dise jl. ste-

rule; achenes of ray whiteish-hairy, 2-ribbed, obovate, flattish. Elphegea

Bergiana, Less.! Syn. 182. Cineraria Bergeriana, Spreng.! Agathea

Bergeriana, DC. 1. ¢. p. 223.

Var. £, alternifolia; leaves mostly alternate.

Has. Lion’s Mt., Capetown, Eckl.! Pappe! B, Cape, Vilette! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

An upright annual, simple or branched, 3-8 inches high, very hairy, with long

hairs. Leaves 1-13 inch long, 3-5 lines wide, not much narrowed at base. Heads

smaller than in A. adjinis; the disc sterile—Var. 8 (in Herb. Hook.) differs merely

by its alternate leaves. ;

26. A. annectens (Harv.); annual, slender; stem and branches

pilose with long, spreading hairs; leaves mostly alternate, oblong-

obovate or oblongo-lanceolate, denticulate, subacute, tapering at base,

1-nerved, on both sides hairy ; pedunc. long, pubescent ; invol. scales

uniseriate, broadly-oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous, with wide, membran-

ous margins ; disc. fl. mostly sterile ; achenes of ray pilose, wide-mar-

gined ; pappus scanty, barbellate.

Has. Groenekloof, Thunberg ! at the Paarl, W. H. H.,1838; Riv. Zonder Ende,

Zey.! 2759, in part. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A small annual, 3-6 inches high. Leaves tapering much at base, 1-14 inch long,

2-3 lines wide. Pedunc. 2-4 inches long, naked or unibracteate. Inv. scales with

a green dorsal line and pinkish or silvery, scarious, slightly jagged margins, about

twice as long as broad. Rays strongly revolute. Readily known from A. Berger-

ianus by its involucre. It is also allied to Charieis heterophylla, with which it is

confounded in Herb. Thunb., and its pappus is of intermediate character.

27. A. adfinis (Less.! Syn. p. 174); annual, with a slender root ;

stem and branches pubescent and pilose with long, spreading hairs ;

leaves mostly alternate, obovate-oblong, tapering at base, subacute, 1-

nerved, entire, on both sides hairy with long and short hairs, the lower

leaves opposite ; peduncles long, pubescent; invol. pluriseriate, the

outer seales keeled, hairy, acute, the inner flattish, glabrous, membran-

ous ; achenes pubescent, 2-ribbed, oval, brown. Felicia adfinis, Nees.

DC. 1. ¢. 219. Charieis heterophylla, Drege! Herb. (ex pte.)

Van. 8, strictus ; stem panicled; leaves obovato-lanceolate, oblongo-lanceolate,

or linear-lanceolate, tely subdenticulate. Agatha stricta, DU. 1. c. 224.

een octets

Aster. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 79

Has, Lion’s Mountain, Capetown, Ecklon! Namaqualand, A. Wyley! Modder-

fontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! 8, Ricbechskasteel, Drege! Steendal, jy Se 1 Riv.

apa? ane 2759 (2750). (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

A branching, hairy annual, 3-12 inches high. Leaves 9-15 lines long, 2~4 lines

wide, the upper smaller, Pedunc. 2-4 inches long. Heads sianey abe the

disc fertile. Invol. in 2 or 3 rows, the outer scales nearly as long as the inner.

Variable in size, branching, and pubescence as are most annuals. Var. B seems to

me scarcely worth separating even as a variety, much less generically and specifi-

cally from Lessing’s plant. Drege’s distributed specimens of Charieis heterophylla

partially belong to this.

28, A. Namaquanus (Harv.); annual, with a thick simple root; stem

branched from the base, glandularly pubescent and pilose ; leaves

mostly alternate, oblongo- or obovato-lanceolate, tapering at base, obtuse

or subacute, on both sides roughly hairy and glandular, papulose above,

t-nerved ; peduncles terminal, glandular; invol. bi-seriate, the outer

scales keeled, glandular, green, acute, the inner lanceolate with wide

membranous edges and a green back, all barbellate ; achenes pubescent,

2-ribbed, obovate, black. Zey.! 796.

Has. Bitterfontein, Namaqualand, Zeyher / (Herb. Sd., Hk., D., Cap.)

Seemingly an annual, but more robust and glandular than any of our other annual

Asters. Rootstock 1-14 lines in diameter, woody, deeply descending. Stems 4-10

inches high, erect, branched from the crown, closely leafy. Lys. very rough, the

older ones almost echinated with the stumps of fallen hairs. Heads many-flowered ;

invol. of about 20 scales. Disc partly sterile. This looks different from A. adfinis,

but it is not easy to express the difference in words, except by saying that it is more

robust, rough, and glandular.

29. A. Pappei (Harv.); annual, root fibrous; stems simple or divided

near the base into many ascending, leafy, appressedly-pubescent branches;

leaves mostly opposite, close, much longer than the internodes, linear

or spathulate, thickish, with recurved margins, gland-scabrid and ap-

pressedly-pubescent and ciliate; pedunc. long, shortly and softly pubes-

cent; inv. uniseriate, of about 20 linear, obtuse, scabrous and barbel-

late scales; rays 18-20, revolute ; disc fl. fertile; achenes minutely

hispidulous; pappus of many rigid, serrulate, fulvous bristles.

Has. Sandy spots on the Camp-ground, Rondebosch, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Cap., D.)

Root much branched. Main stem erect, 1-3 inches high, either simple or throw-

ing out many opposite, spreading, ascending-erect, simple branches. Leafpairs }-4

inch apart. Leaves }-1} inch long, 1-2 lines wide, mostly tapering to the base.

Pubescence short and close-lying, rather stiff: surface minutely glandular and

rough. Heads many-fi., showy, closely resembling those of Chariets heterophylla,

with which this species was inadvertently mixed in Herb. Pappe, but from which it

differs in gen. char. and in foliage. It appears to me to be a very distinct species,

though hitherto overlooked, within an half-hour’s drive of Capetown. Rays appa-

rently violet-purple.

30. A. demissus (Harv.); annual, slender, diffusely branched, densely

hairy with short, spreading hairs ; leaves opposite, distant, oval ors

obovate-oblong (small), entire, densely hairy; peduncles long, pubescent ;

invol. scales linear, acute, keeled, hairy at back ; “mature achenes

nearly smooth on both sides.” —DC. Agatheea diffusa, DC. 1. c, 224.

Has. Draakensteensbergen, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

A slender, hairy, spreading annual, of which I have only seen a single, imperfect

specimen, Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1-14 line wide.

80 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [A ster.

$1. A. tener (Harv.); annual; stem erect, simple below, oppositely

or alternately branched above, sparsely pilose ; leaves, save the upper-

most, opposite, remote, sessile, 3-nerved, oblong or lancevlate-oblong, dis-

tantly callous-serrate, membranaceous, thinly hispid; pedunce. elongate,

shortly hairy and scabrous; invol. scales lanceolate, the outer hispid,

inner membranous, glabrous. Agatha tenera, DC. /. c. 224.

Has. Cape, Th / near the Gariep, Drege! Groenekloof, Pappe! (Hb. D., Th., Hk., Sd.)

12-15 inches high, sometimes much-branched, leaves 14-2 inches long, half-

clasping, 3-5 lines wide. Pedunc. 3-6 inches long, pale. Heads 4-6 lines across.

Rays blue. Confounded, in Herb. Thunb. with Amellus strigosus (Aster. strigosus,

Th., ex pte.). Dr. Pappe’s specimens are much stronger and more branched than

Drege’s; their branches and upper leaves frequently alternate. Root much branched.

32. A. hirsutus (Vent.); shrubby, with decumbent branches ; leaves

petiolate, ovate, sparingly sinuate-toothed, hispidulous ; invol. 2-3

seriate; disc. fl. fertile, rays deeply 3-toothed at the point. Munychia

hirsuta, DC., l. c 222. Cineraria hirsuta, Vent. Malm. t. 95.

Has. Cultivated from the Cape. (Unknown to us).

33. A. Cymbalarie (Thunb.! Cap. 689); herbaceous or suffruticose,

diffuse, pubescent or hairy ; leaves opposite, long-petioled, ovate or

oblong, 3—5-crenate or toothed ; peduncles lateral and terminal, elon-

gate, 1-headed, hairy; invol. scales 1-2-seriate, linear-acute; achenes

sparsely hispid. Munychia Cymb. Nees, Ast. 218. DC. Prod. 5, p. 223.

Var. 8. Ionops; pubescence shorter and rougher ; dise-fl, violet-purple. —

Has. Among stones about Table Mt., near the summit, Thunb., Mundt, Ecklon,

Drege, &c.; B. Mitchell's Pass, A. Wyley? (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Old stems woody at base, much-branched, 2-12 inches long or more. All parts

clothed with spreading, long or short hairs. Peduncles 4-1} inch long. Leaf like

that of Veronica hederefolia, 4-8 lines long and wide, sometimes cordate at base.

Pedune. 3-5 inches long.

34. A. petiolatus (Harv. Thes. t. 154); many-stemmed, procumbent

or pendulous; stems very long, subsimple, pubescent ; leaves alternate,

sub-distant, petiolate, ovate, coarsely 3~5-toothed, membranous, veiny,

dotted; pedunc. terminal, naked, 1-headed; invol. scales sub-biseriate,

equal, pilose, lanceolate ; ovary puberulous ; pappus rough.

Has. District of Albert, and in Basutuland, hanging over precipitous rocks,

T. Cooper! 658 and 727. (Herb. D., Hk.)

Stems 1-2 feet or more long. slender, terete, simple, with or without a few short,

lateral ramuli, ending in a naked, t-headed peduncle. Leaves {-1 inch long, 4-6

lines wide, on each side 2-toothed, with a deltoid, terminal tooth, the teeth mucronu-

late. An interesting species, with the general aspect of A. Cymbalaria, but with

alternate, distant leaves. : a ee :

35. A. Candollei (Harv.); perennial, many-stemmed ; stems ascen-

ding, subsimple, closely leafy at base, hairy with long, soft hairs ; leaves

lanceolate-oblong, acute, tapering much at base, denticulate beyond

the middle, thinly-membranous, hairy and ciliate with long, soft hairs,

3-nerved at base ; peduncles long (scapelike) pubescent ; invol.-scales

subuniseriate, keeled and hairy-backed, acute ; achenes obovate, black,

sparsely hispidulous, and with a hairy margin. Munychia Cymbalari-

odes, DO. 4. 6: PROM

Aster. | CoMPOSsIT (Hary.) 81

Has. About Table and Devil’s Mountain, Ecklon’ Waterfall, on E. side of

Devil’s Mt., W. H. H. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stems 2-6 inches long, closely leafy, ending in along, naked peduncle, 3-8 inches

long, and sometimes having a single, slender bract in the middle. Leaves 14-2 in.

long, $-} inch wide, drying very pale, and in that state translucent and netted with

slender veins ; the base tapering into a cuneate, 3-nerved, imperfect petiole. DC.

states the disc-fl. to be sterile; but some of the outer ones at least are fertile. IT

venture to alter the specific name, because the term ‘‘ cymbalarioides” serves to

mislead. The leaves may be much more justly compared to those of Silene Capensis.

than to those of A. Cymbalarie.

36. A. Natalensis (Harv.); herbaceous, nearly stemless, perennial ;

radical leaves sub-rosulate, opposite, oblongo-lanceolate, denticulate, on

both sides coarsely hairy ; flowering-stem scapelike, hirsute, one-headed,

with several scattered linear-oblong or linear bracts (depauperated leaves);

heads many-flowered ; invol.-scales biseriate, subequal, flat, one-nerved,

lanceolate-linear, sub-acute, densely hairy, the inner membranous ;

achenes (young) pubescent ; pappus copious, uniseriate, rough. Aga-

thea Natalensis, Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 2. p. 956.

Has. Summit of the Tafelberg, Natal. Krauss/ No. 381. (Herb. Hook., D.)

Root woody, cylindrical, premorse, with long, thickish fibres. Leaves crowded

round the crown, 2-3} inches long, }-1 inch wide, subacute, shaggy with long,

whitish hairs. Scape 3-6 inches high with 6 or 8 leafy bracts, }-1 inch long, and

1-2 lines wide. Heads resembling those of A. alpinus. Pappus of about 20 sete.

37. A. serratus (Thunb! Cap. 689); stem ascending, branched,

leafy, glabrate or scaberulous ; leaves alternate, subamplexicaul, broad-

based, oblong-linear, acute, 3-nerved, erecto-patent, glabrous, calloso-

serrulate ; flowering branches from the upper axils, scabrous, with 2-3

small, narrow leaves, one-headed ; invol.-scales linear, acuminate, his-

pidulous ; ovaria sparingly hispidulous. Less/ Syn. p. 173. Agathwa

serrata, Nees —DC., l. ce. 223.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)

Root, according to Thunberg, ‘‘annual;” but I think this doubtful. Stem robust,

a foot or more high, branched from the lower part, the branches long and simple,

erect. Leaves }~1 inch apart, 1-14 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, sometimes sprinkled

_ with rough, callous points, otherwise glabrous. I cannot understand why Lessing

ee in a whorl:” they are not only all scattered, but rather distantly so.

38. A. linifolius (Harv.); shrubby, scaberulous; leaves mostly alter-

nate, linear-lanceolate, acute, thin (sub-pellucid veiny), setoso-serrulate,

_with subreflexed margins, on both sides glabrous or nearly so; pedune.

setose upwards ; invol.-scales sub-biseriate, pubescent and glandular,

3-ribbed ; achenes hispidulous. Agathea Zeyheri, Nees.—DC. l. ¢. 224.

Cineraria linifolia, Zey. MSS.

Has. Uitenhage, Zeyher/ (Herb. Sond.)

Of this I have only aa an imperfect specimen: it comes near A. serratus. Leaves

10-15 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, tapering at base, when held to the light sub-

pellucid between the closely-netted veins, but not ‘ pellucid-dotted” in the usual

sense of that term. ;

89. A. barbatus (Harv.); shrubby, divaricately much-branched ;

twigs set with long bristles; leaves mostly opposite, crowded, linear-

oblong, blunt, thick, on the under side and margin bearing long, stiff

VOL. Il. 6

82 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Aster.

bristles ; peduncles elongate, glandularly pubescent ; invol.-scales

linear, acute, setose and barbato-ciliate, glandular; achenes hairy.

Agathea barbata, DC. 1. c. 224.

Has. Graaf Reynet, Drege/ Riv. Zonderende and Zwarteberg, Zey./ 2755+

(Herb. Hk., Sd.) ye

A rigid, scrubby bush, about a foot high. Lys. 5-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide,

the longer ones tapering to the base. Pubescence very rigid, except on the pedune.

and invol.

40. A. elongatus (Thunb.! Cap. 688); suffruticose at base, diffusely

much branched ; stem, branches, leaves, and peduncles hispid with

long, spreading or deflexed, rigid hairs; leaves opposite or alternate,

sessile, lanceolate-linear, linear or oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or ob-

tuse, midribbed, membranous, quite entire, often glandular-pubescent ;

pedune. long, naked ; invol.-scales biseriate, equal, the outer hispid and

glandular, the inner glabrous or nearly so; achenes hispidulous. Less. /

Syn. 170. Agathea hispida, DC. f lc. 224.

Var. a, Thunbergii; leaves lanceolate-linear, subacute, mostly opposite. A.

elongatus, Hb. Thunb.! Agathea hipida, DC. 1. c. 224.

Var. 8. barbiger ; leaves broadly linear-oblong, obtuse, opposite. Ag. hispida,

var. barbigera. DC. :

Var. . erassifolius ; lys. opposite or alternate, thickish, obovate or spathulate.

Var. 6. spathulefolius ; leaves mostly alternate, crowded, glandular and pilose,

obovate or spathulate.

Var. ¢. Pappei; leaves mostly alternate, lin.-lanceolate, acute, glandular and

ciliato-pilose ; heads small.

Var. ¢ Candollei ; leaves alternate, distant, ovate-oblong, acute. Agathaa elong-

ata, DC. in Herb. Drege! (an sp. propr.?)

_ Has. Zwartland and Saldanha Bay, Th.’ Cederberg, Drege / Stellenbosch Mt.,

W. H. H. B. near the Gariep, Drege! y. Albany and Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber!

5. Berg Riv., Zey./ 787. «. Steendahl, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe/ ¢. near the Gariep,

Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Many-stemmed, often forming large spreading tufts, slender, ascending. Leaves

in vars. a. and 8. mostly opposite ; in the other vars. alternate, variable in shape,

texture, and indument; in 6. and ¢. mostly, but not constantly, well covered with

minute, raised glands, mixed with the scanty or copious hairs, 3-1-1} inches long,

1-3-4-5 lines wide, either broadbased (in ¢.) or usually tapering, Pedune. 5-10

inches long. Ripe achenes black, sparsely bristled. Of the above varieties the

last (¢) is the most distinct looking, but being only known to us by the fragments

distributed by Drege, we cannot venture to separate it specifically : its distant and

broad-based leaves are remarkable. Ri

41, A. hirtus (Hary.); suffruticose, ascending, branched ; branches.

elongate, leafy, terete, with minute powdery pubescence mixed with —

rigid jointed bristles ; leaves oblong-linear, sessile, entire, with sub-

revolute margin, rigidly ciliate on margin and nerve, the lowest opposite,

the rest alternate ; peduncles terminal, long, glandularly pubescent and

setose ; invol.-scales rough with swollen-jointed bristles, and glandular ;

achenes puberulous. Agathea hirta, DO. 1. ¢. 224.

Has. Breedriver, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Branches near the root, curving upwards, 12 inches long or more, Leaves

6-8 lines long, not tapering at base, rigid in substance, and rough with very stiff,

subulate, joi bristles. Pedunc. 6-10 i » The bristles

ane ee ate unc, 6-10 inches long. Rays blue.

Aster.| COMPOSIT (Hary. 83

42. A. strigosus (Licht. Herb.) ; shrubby, much branched, erect ;

branches hirsute, densely leafy; leaves opposite, half-amplexicaul, erect,

oblong or lanceolate-oblong, subacute, on both sides densely covered

with long, rigid, white hairs ; pedune. elongate, glandular and scabrid ;

inv.-scales 2-seriate, narrow-lanceolate, the outer scabrid and _ pilose,

I-nerved ; pappus barbellate. Aster Charieis, Less. Syn. 171. Leyssera

ovata, Thunb.! Cap. 692. Kaulfussia strigosa, Spr. f. suppl. 25. Agathea

strigosa, Nees, DCU. 1. c. 225.

Has. Roggeveld, Thunb., Lichtenstein, Olifant’s R., Mundt amd Maire. Sand-

hills between Klein R. and Cape L’Agulhas, Z. Z./ Uitenhage, Zey.! (Hb. Sd , Th.!)

A small bush, 1 or more feet high, the old branches bare and ash-coloured, the

younger closely leafy. Foliage pale, almost canous with copious long hairs. Leaves

6-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, thick, t-nerved, slightly recurved at the top. Pedune.

3-6 inches long. Achenes hispidulous. Pappus almost plumose. This has nearly

as much right to range with Mairea as with Aster.

43. A. Ecklonis (Less.! Syn. 170); shrubby ; branches glandular

and pilose, closely leafy; leaves mostly alternate (but crowded), nar-

row-oblong, broad-based, sessile, subacute, entire, with revolute margins,

above rough with prominent glands, dotted beneath, the young ones

somewhat pilose; pedune. elongate, glandular ; invol.-scales sub-biseri-

ate, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, glandular; achenes black, puberulous.

Agathea Ecklonis, Nees. DC. l. ¢. 225. Cineraria trachyphylla, Spr.

Syst. 3, 547: ,

Has. Between Kraderivier and Duyvenhoeks R., Ecklon’ (Herb. Sond.)

44. A. Capensis (Less. Syn. 168); shrubby or suffruticose ; leaves

mostly opposite, oblong-obovate or roundish-elliptical, obtuse, either

sessile or tapering into a short, imperfect petiole, roughly hairy or

pilose, with reflexed margins; inv. scales 1-nerved, hispid-strigose, lan-

ceolate ; achenes minutely scaberulous. Agathea amelloides, DC. l. ¢.

225. Oineraria amelloides, Linn. (ex pte.) Agathcea ceelestis, Cass.

Var. B, rotundifolia ; root annual? (fide Thunb.). Aster rotundifolius, Thunb. !

Cap. 689. Less. Syn. 172. Agathea rotundifolia, Nees. DC. l. e. 223.

Has. Table Mountain, Thunberg; Potberg, Ecki.; Vanstaadensberg, Zey./ 2758 ;

Knysna, Dr. Pappe! Howison’s Poort, meu Mr. Hutton! Var. B, Cape,

Thunberg! Zwartkops R., Zey./ 2757. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Often confounded, especially in gardens, with A. #thiopicus, but usually much

more roughly hairy, and always distinguishable by its hispidulous achenes. Except

in its reputed annual root, I cannot distinguish A. rotundifolius ; the specimens so-

named in Herb. Thunb. appear to me to be certainly plants of the first year, but

deubtfully annual. |

45, A. Athiopicus (Burm.); shrubby, erect, variably pubescent, or »

glandular or subglabrous; branches rodlike, closely leafy; leaves oppo- «.\~~

site or alternate, spreading or deflexed, subsessile, oblong or obovate,

obtuse, mostly rigidly ciliate on margin and midrib (or glabrous), some-

times thinly hispid on one or both sides; inv. scales 3-nerved, glandu-

lar; achenes guite smooth and glossy. Less. Syn. p. 169. Agathwea micro-

phylla, Cass. DC. 1. c. 225. Cineraria microphylla, Vahl.

Var. 8, glandulosa ; branches and foliage glandular; leaves linear-oblong or lan-

ceolate, scabrous.

Has. Platteklip, Table Mt., Ecklon, &c.; Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 324; Caledon,

Lew

84 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Diplopappus.

E.Z.! Zuureberg, Drege / Uitenhage, Zey.! Albany, Burchell. 8, Hemel and Arde,

Zey.! 2760. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) : ?

A slender shrub, 1-2 ft. high. Lvs. 6-8 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, in B, 1 line

wide. Stem either glabrous, pubescent, hispid or glandular. Achenes always gla-

brous and very smooth.—Often cultivated in England for A. Capensis.

46. A. leiocarpus (Harv.); suffruticose at base; stems diffuse, much

branched below (often trailing), roughly pubescent ; leaves alternate,

oblong-cuneate or spathulate, sharply 3-5 toothed at the apex or entire,

sessile, on both sides hairy, ciliate below; pedunce. slender, puberulous,

elongate; invol. scales 2—3-seriate, lin.-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, pu-

berulent, ciliate, the outer shorter; ripe achenes quite glabrous. Agatha

leiocarpa, DC. l. c. 225.

Has. Drakensteenberg, Drege! W. H. H. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Slender, the diffuse branches 12-15 inches long, sparsely leafy. Lvs. 3-14 inch

long, 1~24 lines wide, the lateral teeth-lobes spreading. Heads small, the disc-fl.

sterile, downy. Ray achenes dark brown, soon calyous, glossy, and quite glabrous.

Doubtful Species.

A. tricolor (Agathea tricolor, Nees. Ast. 267); “shrubby? leaves

opposite, oblong-lanceolate, entire, on both sides patently hirsute; inv.

scales narrow, I-nerved ; achenes setulose ; rays 2-coloured.” (Perhaps

a var. of A. elongatus ? )

A. amoenus (Agatha, Sch. B.) ; “root annual; stem branched, 4

span long ; leaves cuneate, linear, ciliate chiefly below, glabrous, with

axillary tufts, of shorter, linear leaves; pedunc. long, naked, as well as

the wniseriate, 21-leaved invol., densely pubescent ; disc fl. mostly fer-

tile ; achenes pubescent; pappus of 20 bristles. Walp. Rep. 2, 956.

Has. Sandy shore at Hout Bay, Krauss.

A. Kraussii (Agathza, Sch. B.); “shrubby; leaves opposite, oblong,

acute, sessile, very entire, as well as the invol., densely covered with

short, glandular hairs ; achenes quite glabrous, black. Walp. Rep. 2, 956.

Has. Near Constantia, Krauss. (Probably a var. of A. dithiopicus.)

XVIII. DIPLOPAPPUS, DC. ~~

Heads many flowered, radiate ; ray fl. in one row, female ; dise-/l.

hermaphrodite, 5-toothed. ecept. flat, somewhat honeycombed. Jnvol.

imbricate. Achenes oblong, compressed. Pappus of disc and ray double,

the outer of short, the inner of long, rough bristles, DC. Prod. 5 p. 175:

Shrubs or herbs, natives of both hemispheres, various in habit. Leaves alternate

or fascicled. Ray fl. blue or white ; disc yellow, Name, from dirAcos, double and

TANTUS, pappus.

Sect. 1. Fruricos#. Much branched, glabrous shrubs, with linear or filiform,

mostly tufted leaves.

Leaves flat or flattish, basally attenuated... ... ... ... (1) fruticulosus.

Leaves linear-filiform, somewhat channelled ... ... ... (2) filifolius.

Sect. 1. Herpacew. Simple-stemmed, perennial herbs, with 3-5-nerved, scat-

tered leaves.

RON A NEY i ase ok ne a ee ee

Glabrous : edges of the oblong leaves perfectly smooth ... (4) levigatus.

Glabrous; edges of the lanceolate leaves cartilagineo-serrulate (5) serrulatus.

Diplopappus.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 85

Sect. 1. Froricos#. Glabrous shrubs, with narrow, tufted leaves. (Sp. 1~2).

1. D. fruticulosus (Less.); a much branched shrub ; leaves Jinear,

basally attenuate, flat, quite entire, r-nerved, gland-dotted, glabrous ;

lateral ramuli short, peduncular, r-headed; inyol. scales glabrous,

1-nerved, the nerve ending in an oblong gland. DC. Ul. ¢. p. 275.

Aster fruticosus, Linn. Th. Cap. 687. A, fruticulosus, Willd. Bot.

Mag. t. 2286, Also D. extenuatus, Nees. DC. 1. c., and D. obtusatus,

Less. DC. 1. c, Aster obtusatus, Willd. A. rosmarinifolius, Spr.

Has. Very common round Capetown, and throughout the W, districts. (Herb.

D., Sd., Hk. &c.)

A bush, 2-3 feet high and across, densely branched and twiggy. Flowering twigs

very numerous and closely set, lateral, the leafy part }-1} inch long, the peduncle

1-3 inches. Rays blue. Achenes villous.

2. D. filifolius (DC. 1. c. 276); similar to D. fruticulosus except that (

the leaves are linear-filiform, very narrow, channelled. Aster filifolius, .)~

Vent. Malm, t, 82. Duplostephium fil. Nees. Ast. 197. Diplopappus tereti-.

folius, Less. Syn. 165. < Hg

Var. 8. elongatus (DC.) ; leaves not tufted, uncial, without glands ; peduncles |

longer, D. elongatus, DC. l. c. :

Has. Throughout the Colony. Tulbagh, Pappe. Uitenhage, Zey’ Albany,

Williamson. Natal, Miss Owen, &c. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) 6

Only known from the precedingby its narrow leaves. The peduncles are most

variable in length. Zey. 794, from Groot-valleyberg (Hb. Sond.); seems to be a bad

specimen of this species.

Sect. 2. Herpace#, Simple stemmed herbs, with 3~5-nerved leaves. (Sp. 3-5).

3. D. asper (Less.); stem herbaceous, ascending-erect, simple, scabrous

or rigidly-setose, ending in a long or short, 1-headed, leafless peduncle ;

leaves ovate-oblong, oblongo-lanceolate or broadly linear, 3—5-nerved,

sessile, entire or coarsely few-toothed, on both sides scabrous, hispid and

ciliate ; invol.-scales acuminate, flat, dorsally pubescent, margined. DC.

lc. 276. Calendula hispida, Th./ Cap. 704. Dipl. Natalensis, Sch.

Bip. in Hb. Krauss, 399! Zey. | 2763.

Var. 8, pleiocephalus ; heads sometimes several ; rays white or pale ; invol.-scales

nearly glabrous. i ,

Has. Throughout the Eastern Districts, Caffraria and at Natal. 8, near Ladysmith

and Greytown, Natal, Gerr. and M‘K., 340,1009. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk., &c.)

Stems 6~12 inches high. Leaves very variable in length, breadth and shape, always

harsh to the touch, 2-5 inches long, 3 lines to an inch or more wide. Peduncle 2-12

inches long. Heads an inch or more across ; the rays uncial, bright blue. D. Nata-

lensis, Sch. B., which I have from Dr Sutherland, and Mess. Gerr. and M‘K., as

well as from Arauss, varies in all its attributed characters.

4, D. levigatus (Sond.); stem herbaceous, ascending-erect, glabrous,

rib-striate, ending in a 1-headed, leafless, 1-2 bracteate peduncle ; leaves

ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, 3-nerved, half-

amplexicaul, very entire, with a thickened, perfectly smooth margin,

glabrous ; invol.-scales acuminate, flat, glabrous ; achenes densely silky.

Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zey.! 2764. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) -

86 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | Hvigeron.

This resembles D. Asper, but is perfectly glabrous and smooth in all parts, with

smaller flower heads. Leaves 2-24 inches long, 4-1 inch broad.

5, D. serrulatus (Harv.); stem herbaceous, ascending-erect, glabrous,

rib-striate, ending in a 1-headed, 2-3 bracteate peduncle ; leaves lanceo-

late or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, half-amplexicaul, with a

thickened, cartilagineo-serrulate margin, glabrous ; invol. sc. acuminate,

flat, glabrous ; achenes thinly pilose. Zey.! 800.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke and Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Similar to D. levigatus, but with much more acuminate and narrower, scabro-

serrate, rigid leaves, and much less hairy achenes. Leaves 2-3} inches long, 2-5

lines wide.

Doubtful genus—allied to Diplopappus ?

ASTEROSPERMA, Less.

Heads radiate. Style-branches in the disc-fl. tipped with a short cone, and

pubescent with suberect hairs. Achenes wingless, beakless, flattened, 2-ribbed.

Pappus similar in disc and ray, in two rows, the outer bristles short, inner long.

Less. Syn. 389. DC. Prodv. VIL. p. 299. 4

A much-branched shrublet, resembling Aster hyssopifolius, hairy canescent, with

scattered, linear leaves. Tay-fl. blue; disc-fl. yellow. Heads solitary, on the ends

of leafless branches. Name from Aster, and omepua, a seed; the achenes are like

those of an Aster.

1, A. chrysocomoides (Less. 1. c.); DC. 1, ¢. p. 300.

Cape, Lessing. (Nothing further known of this plant.)

XIX. ERIGERON, L.

Heads many-fl., heterochromous, radiate; ray-fl. female, in many

rows, linear, equalling the disc (or longer); dise-fl. tubular, 5-toothed,

either all perfect, or the outer female, the inner hermaphrodite, or all

abortive. ecept. naked, honey-combed, fimbrilliferous. Achenes com-

pressed, beakless. Pappus bristleshaped, rough, in one row. DO.

Prodr. 5. p. 283.

A large and widely spread genus, chiefly from the Northern Hemisphere. The

only S. Afr, species is a weed, originally of N. American origin, but now found in

most settled countries. Name from np, early, and yepwr, an an old man; soon

grows seedy.

1. E. Canadense (Linn.); stem erect, hispid, paniculately much-

branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliate. Heads small, very nu-

merous ; rays scarcely longer than the cylindrical involucre, very nar-

row; achenes oblong, shortly pubescent. DC. 1. c, 289.

Has. Eastern Districts and Natal, Drege, Hutton, Gerr. & McK., 323, &e-

(Herb. D., Sd. &c.)

One to two feet high, annual. Lvs. crowded, 2-2} in. long, 1~2 lines wide.

Rays white.

XX. NIDORELLA, Cass.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous, homochromous, radiate ; ray-flowers

female, very shortly strapshaped or bilabiate, in one, two or several rows ;

disc-fl. tubular, 5-fid, hermaphrodite, the central ones sometimes sterile.

Invol. campanulate, imbricate. Recept. honeycombed. Anth. without

Nidorella.]} COMPOSIT (Harv.) 87

tails. Achenes oblong, terete or subcompressed, mostly downy. Pappus

in one row, of roughish bristles, slightly connate at base. DC. Prod. 5,

p. 331.

Herbs or half-shrubby plants, natives chiefly of S. Africa. Leaves alternate,

toothed or entire. Heads corymbose, rarely solitary. Flowers all yellow, the rays

sometimes paler than the disc. This genus differs from Erigeron (to which it is

re-united by Schultz Bip.) in having ray-fl. “homochromous,” or of the same colour

as those of the disc. Name from nidor, a strong smell, which these plants have.

Sect. 1. GENuINE. Heads densely corymbose, (Sp. 1-14).

A. Lys. either pinnatifid, lobed, or toothed :

Lys. on slender petioles, ovate orcordate,coarselytoothed (1) mespilifolia,

Lys. tapering at base, lobed or pinnatifid :

Deeply pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate, acute... ... (2) pinnatilobata.

Lobed or pinnatifid; lobes few, obtuse :

Stem and lvs. sparsely bristly and rough ... (3) resedeefolia.

Stem and lvs. roughly and copiously hairy (4) hirta.

Leaves tapering at base; the upper sessile, auricled,

obovate or oblong, toothed or entire ... ...... (5) auriculata.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly glabrous,

distantly toothed = 26. s.ocasks i. © ec? -c.. . (6) linifolia,

B. Lys. quite entire or obscurely repand :

Pappus copious. Ray-fl, flat, obtuse or 3-toothed :

Pubescent ; hairs short, scabrous or glandular :

Lys. acute or acuminate :

Subsimple. Ray-fl. sharply 3-toothed (7) solidaginea,

Much-branched. Ray-fi. bluntly toothed (8) polycephala,

Lys. obtuse, linear-cuneate :

Lvs. scattered, distant... ... 1 =. *() resedefolia, B.

Lys. crowded, often tufted ... ... ... (9) foetida, —

Woolly or villous ; hairs long and curled ... .... (to) Hottentotica.

Glabrous or nearly so; leaves long :

Frutescent. Cauline lvs. lanceolate, petiolate :

Lys. quite entire, gland-dotted ...... (11) punctulata,

Lys. callous-toothed, gummy ... ... (12) conyzoides.

Herbaceous. Rad. lvs. very long; cauline

half-clasping, sub-decurrent, undulate (13) undulata.

Pappus of few, small bristles. Ray-fl. 2-lipped ... (14) depauperata,

Sect. 2. Spurt#. Heads solitary, on terminal peduncles. (Sp. 15-16).

Herbaceous, erect, subsimple. ‘Lvs. glandular-linear (15) exilis. ~

Shrubby, divaricately much-branched, hispid and setose (16) Gariepina.

1. N. mespilifolia (DC. 1 ¢. 321); suffruticose, loosely-branched,

glabrescent ; leaves on slender petioles, cordate or ovate, coarsely

incise-toothed ; heads corymbose. Aster mespilifolius, Less. Syn. 180. N.

Natalense, Sch. B. Mss. Erigeron ( Nid.) clematideus, Sch. B. Walp. Rep.

2, p. 958.

Has. Districts of Stellenbosch, Eck.; Uitenhage and Albany, Br. Caffraria and

Natal, common. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) : : : :

A half-climbing or scrambling plant, some feet in height, with spreading

branches. Pubescence very scanty and minute. Petioles sub-uncial, very slender.

Leaves 1-14 inch long, }—-1} inch wide, acuminate, with 3-6 large teeth at each side.

Peduncles ending the branches, naked, striate, either being a single, dense corymb,

or panicled, each branch corymbose, Achenes very minutely-downy.

2. N. pinnatilobata (DC. 1. c. 321); suffruticose, sub-simple or

corymbose at top, the whole plant scabrido-pubescent ; leaves tapering

at base into an imperfect petiole, inciso-pinnatitid or pinnato-partite, the

88 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Vidorella.

lateral lobes 2-4, lanceolate, acute ; corymb compound, many-headed.

Var. §. glabriuscula ; thinly-pubescent ; the leaves sub-glabrous, narrow, with

involute margins and channelled lobes.

Has. Between the Zwartkey and Basche, Drege! Caledon, Dr. Pappe/ 8. Cape,

Bowie! in Hb. Hk. (Herb. Hk., Cap.) ‘

Two feet high or more, rather robust, the tall, simple stem ending in many leafy

flower-branches, nearly of equal height. Leaves 1-14 inch long. Invol. scales

linear, subacute. Rays very short, obovate.

3. N. resedeefolia (DC. 1. c. 322); herbaceous, erect, the stem and

petioles sparsely bristly ; leaves scabrido-pubescent, amplexicaul, taper-

‘ing at base into a petiole, the uppermost entire, the lower pinnate-

parted, lobes in 1-2 pairs, oblong, blunt, mucronulate, the terminal

broader, obovate-oblong ; corymb compound ; invol.-scales oblong,

glabrous, ciliolate. Zey./ 804.

Var. £. rapunculoides ; all the leaves entire, or the lowest inciso-lobulate. .

rapunculoides, DC. p. 323.

Has. Little Namaqualand, near the Gariep, Drege/ Caledon R., Burke and

Zeyher! Zulu land, Miss Owen/ Natal, Sanderson! B. Neuweveld, Beaufort, and

Zondag and Koega Rs., Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

2 to 3 feet high, simple or branched ; the branches spreading, somewhat corym-

bose. Leaves from a broad base, 14-24 inches long, the terminal lobe 3-5 lines

wide. All the lobes suddenly mucronulate. Fl.-heads crowded. Drege’s specimen

of N. rapunculoides, DC., in Hb. Hook. has the lower leaves inciso-lobulate.

4. N, hirta (DC. 1. c. 322); “herbaceous, subsimple, erect; stem

roughly hairy; leaves hairy-scabrid, the lower oblong, tapering at base

into a long petiole, entire or here and there lobulate, the rest dilated

at base and semiamplexicaul, pinnate-partite, the pinne in 1-2 pairs,

oblong linear ; corymb compound, crowded; invol,-scales linear, acute,

omewhat hairy at back.” DC...

Has, On the Stormberg, 5-600 feet. Drege. (Unknown to me),

“* Allied to N. resedeefolia. Cor. of ray deep yellow. Ligule very small. Lvs.

often fascicled.” DC. ; de

5..N. auriculata (DC. |. c. 322); herbaceous, erect, subsimple or

corymbose, the whole plant shortly and closely pubescent or scabrous-

pubescent ; leaves more or less distinctly eared at base, oblong or ob-

ovate, the upper subsessile and entire or nearly so, the rest tapering at

base into a long or short petiole and coarsely toothed, veiny beneath ;

corymb compound, dense ; invol.-scales obtuse, thin, glabrescent and

ciliolate. Erigeron Kraussi, Sch. B.

Var. B. obovata; ears small; lvs. shortly petiolate, obovate. N. obovata, DC. tl. ¢.

Var. y. Semecionidea; ears small; lower leaves on 1 io} blong. NV. sene-

cionidea, DC.1.c. Zey.! 2768. ee ee

Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany ; Kaffraria and Natal, common. (Hb.

Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

A coarse plant, 2 f. high, variable in the breadth and toothing, shape and pubes-

cence of the leaves, sometimes with a large, rounded, earlike lobe at the base of

the leaf, sometimes with a small and angular, or with an obsolete ear. Pubescence

rigid, though short. I find it impossible to separate, by persistent characters, the

3 species of De Candolle here united. One of the folia of “Inula fatida” in

Herb. Th. belongs to this.

Nidorella.] COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) 89

6. N. linifolia (DC. 1. ¢. 322); herbaceous, erect, simple, nearly

glabrous, stem scaberulous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, am-

plexicaul, the upper sessile, entire, the lower tapering to the base,

distantly callous-toothed above the middle; corymb compound, dense;

inv.-scales linear-oblong, subacute, glabrous, ciliolate.

Has. Near Port Natal, Drege! (Herb. Sond., Hk.)

A slender, virgate herb, with long, narrow leaves. Lower leaves 3-4 inches

long, 3-4 lines wide ; upper 1-14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide. Rays very minute.

7. N. solidaginea (DC. 1. c. 322); root woody ; stems herbaceous,

erect, subsimple, below sparingly setose, above closely and minutely

scabrid-pubescent; leaves linear or lanceolate-linear, entire, acute,

scabrid-pubescent, the upper ones broad-based, the lower tapering at

base, setose beneath and more or less ciliate; corymb compound; the

pedicels and acute, 1-nerved invol.-scales scabrid-pubescent ; rays nar-

row, sharply 3-toothed, longer than the involucre.

Has. Witbergen and Stormberg, Drege! (Herb. Hook.)

Stems 2 feet high, rodlike, rib-striate. Lvs. 14-2 inches long, 2 lines wide.

8. N. polycephala (DC. 1. c. 323) ; “herbaceous, erect, paniculately

much branched, the whole plant covered with short, greyish pubescence ;

cauline-leaves half-clasping, elongate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-

nerved; rameal linear, 1-nerved, all quite entire, or 1-2 toothed ;

corymb of each branch compound, dense ; invol.-scales acute, puberu-

lous.” DC. l.

Has. Betw.Omtendoand Omsamceulo, Drege! Orange State, Cooper, 1035. (Hb. D.)

‘Two f. high. Cauline leaves 3 inches long, 3 lines wide ; rameal 1 inch long,

1 line wide. Rays small, obtusely 3-toothed, paler than the disc.” DC. Mr. Cooper's

specimen agrees very well with the above description of DC. save that the leaves are

now and then unidentate.

9. N. foetida (DC. 1. c. 323); stem erect, herbaceous, simple, hispid ;

leaves densely crowded, linear-cuneate, tapering to the base, obtuse or

subacute, very entire, scabrid on both sides; axils mostly leaf-tufted ;

corymbs panicled, dense ; invol. scales linear, puberulous or glabrate ;

rays very minute, obtuse. Hrigeron factidum, Linn. Inula foetida, Th.!

Cap. 667. Nid. foliosa, Cass.

Var. 8, hyssopifolia ; more slender, with less crowded leaves and smaller heads.

N. hyssopifolia, DC. l. e. ‘

Has. Dry hills round Capetown and Kamp’s Bay ; Verloren Vlay, Wallich. 8,

ae ke) and in Uitenhage, Albany, and Kaffraria, Z. Z. (Herb. Thunb.,

1-2 ft. high, simple, or divided from the base, the lower part of the stems densely

covered with patent, tufted leaves; the upper part rather bare. Leaves 1-14 inch

long, 2 lines wide, pale green, thick, with an immersed nerve. Pubescence rough

and short. Rays paler than the disc, and scarcely so long. Var. 8, which I have

seen in Herb. Sond. and received from Gerr. § M’K. 261, does not materially differ

from the normal form.

10. N. Hottentotica (DC. 1. c. 323); stem lignescent at base, erect,

villous or woolly ; leaves entire, thinly or densely woolly, above some-

times becoming glabrate, the lowest obovate, tapering into a petiole ;

the medial oblong-cuneate, obtuse, narrow at base, the uppermost broad-

90 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Nidorella.

based, mucronate ; corymb compound ; inv. scales linear, glabrous or

thinly villous, pale.

Var. 8, lanata ; all parts very densely woolly, with long, curled hairs.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, between Klaarwater and Litaku, Burchell ; Mooje R.

Zey.! 904; Zululand, Miss Owen! Var. 8, Wonderfontein, Bechuanaland, Zeyher/

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) .

Distinguished from other species by its woolly pubescence, which in var. 8. i

very copious. The inflorescence resembles that of N. fetida.

11, N. punctulata (DC. 1. c. 323); “quite glabrous; stem shrubby,

with viscidulous branches; leaves tapering into a petiole, elongate-

lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, on both sides marked with minute,

glandular dots ; corymb compound; pedunc. compressed ; inv. shorter

than the pappus, and even than the disc, its scales obtuse.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, between the Asbestos Mts. and Wittewater, Burchell.

« Lys. 3-4 in. long, 3-5 lines wide, thickish. Ray fl. female, minutely ligulate.” DC.

12. N. conyzoides (Harv.); suffruticose, nearly glabrous, viscidulous ;

leaves tapering at base into a short petiole, broadly lanceolate, callous-

toothed, penninerved, acute or acuminate ; heads densely corymbose,

pedicels puberulous ; inv. scales oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous; ray-fl.

very minute, ovate-spoonshaped, denticulate.

Has. Delagoa Bay, Capt. Owen! (Herb. Sond.)

This has much the habit of Conyza ivefolia, but with broader leaves and more

densely crowded heads: the marginal flowers are truly ligulate, though the expanded

portion is so short as to be overlooked without close examination. Leaves 3-4 in.

long, 1-14 in. wide, rather ont § penninerved, the nerves proceeding at an angle

of about 75° to the margin ; veinlets netted. :

13. N. undulata (Sond.) ; herbaceous, quite glabrous, ascending-

erect ; stem angular, simple ; leaves entire or remotely repand-toothed,

the radical very long, linear-oblong, strap shaped or lanceolate, much

attenuated at base, the cauline at base cordate, semi-amplexicaul, sub-

decurrent, lanceolate-linear, acute or subacute, undulate, the margin

slightly recurved ; corymb panicled, dense ; invol. scales linear, obtuse ;

rays very minute and narrow. Chrysocoma undulata, Th.! Cap. p. 627.

Nidorella amplexicaulis, DC. § N. longifolia, DC. 1. ¢. 324. Zey. 12766.

Has. Cape, Thunb./ Eastern districts, Burchell; Zuureberg, Drege! Vanstaa-

dens Mts., Uit., £. Z./ Howison’s-Poort, Hutton! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root thick. Stem rising from a curved or deflexed base, 2-3 feet high, robust.

Rad. leaves 8-14 inches long, ?-1 inch wide, obtuse or acute ; cauline 3-6 inches

long, 4-5 lines wide, the upper ones smaller. They vary in having a widely-cordate,

clasping base, or a slightly-cordate one, as N. awriculata does. Heads very small

and numerous.

14. N. depauperata (Harv.); herbaceous, erect, viscidulous ; stem

very straight, simple or branched, scabrous ; leaves erect, the lowest

linear-oblong, obtuse, much-attenuated at base, scabrous and pilose;

upper linear, rigid, one-nerved, scabrous and ciliate, flat or involute,

the very uppermost broadbased, short and ovato-lanceolate ; heads

small, in compound corymbs ; invol.-scales shorter than the disc,

broadly oblong, obtuse, glutinous ; ray-fl. very minute, bilabiate ;

pappus of very few, small, unequal, rough bristles. Zey.! 803.

Nidorella.} COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 91

Has. Wolvekop, Caledon R., and Magalisberg, Burke §: Zey.! Mohlamba Range,

Natal, Dr. Sutherland! 5-6000f. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.) .

Stem 1-2f, high, either quite simple, or split into many very erect appressed

branches. Lowest leaves (including the long, tapering petiole) 2—3 inches long,

spathulate ; upper ones }, 1, 14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide ; those of the corymb

4-2 in. long, ovato-lanceolate. All parts rough to the touch, exuding gummy

matter. Heads minute. The bilabiate corollas of the ray-fl., and few scales of

pappus are irregular in the genus, but the habit and other characters are those of

Nidorella. Disc-fl. sterile, their anthers scale-tipped, broad ; stigmata perfect.—

Dr. Sutherland’s specimen has rather broader and more acute leaves, but does not

otherwise differ.

15. N. exilis (DC. 1. c. 324); “stem herbaceous, lignescent at base,

erect, depauperated, naked above ; branches few, long, one-headed ;

leaves linear, subacute, quite entire, all, as well as the branches, covered

with minute, glandular pubescence, the lower longer, and pilose with

long, scattered, white bristles; heads solitary, on long peduncles; inv.-

scales subimbricate, flat, linear, acute, as long as the dise ; rays 8~1o,

in the dry state revolute ; achenes villous.” DC.

-Has. Clanwilliam, #. § Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

Of this I have only seen a specimen from which the fi.-heads have disappeared.

Stem 6-12 inches high, slender. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1 line wide, thickish,

rigid, one-nerved.

16. N.? Gariepina (DC. 1. c. 324); suffruticose, divaricately much-

branched, terete, hispid with spreading bristles ; leaves linear, obtuse,

one-nerved, on both sides hispid and setose ; fl.-branches shortly naked

at the summit ; inv.-scales linear, acuminate, pluriseriate, hispid, scari-

ous and ciliate at the margin ; achenes slightly downy ; rays minute.

Has. Dry places near the Gariep, Drege! (Hb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Very diverse in habit from others of this genus, resembling an Aster of the sub.

gen. Felicia, except in its ray-flowers. Leaves spreading, 5-7 lines long, 1 line wide.

Recept. quite naked. Invol. at length reflexed. Pappus copious.

Doubtful Species.

N. floribunda (Lehm. Hort. Hamb. 1851. Linn. XXV. p. 310);

“stem shrubby, erect, much-branched, pubescent ; leaves short-petiol-

ed, oblong-lanceolate, serrulato-dentate, veiny, glabrescent, beneath and

en the margins rough with short pubescence; cormyb many-headed,

fastigiate ; rays equalling the disc, bluntly 3-toothed ; young achenes

silky.” Walp. Ann. 5. p. 192.

Cult. at Hamburg, from Cape seeds. A garden var. of NV. auriculata?

N. Sprengelii (Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 2. 958); half-shrubby, roughly

pubescent ; stem corymbose, densely leafy ; lvs. oblong-linear-cuneate,

3-nerved, the lower toothed, upper entire, with axillary leaf-tufts ;

heads numerous ; inv.-scales oblong.

Has. Near Melkout-Kraal, Hb. Zeyher.

N. Kraussii (Sch. B. 1. c.); corymb many-headed, compound ; stem

suffruticose ; lvs. ovate-elliptical, very entire or rarely toothed; the

whole plant canescent with short hairs.

Has. Cape, Krauss.

92 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Fresenia,

XXI. GARULEUM, Cass.

Heads many-flowered, monoecious, radiate ; ray-fl. strap-shaped,

female; dise-f. tubular, 5-toothed, male, with abortive ovules. Aecept.

convex, naked. Jnvol. scales biseriate. Style of the disc-fl. with diver-

gent branches, externally hairy, glandular at the margins inside. Ovarves

of the disc oblong. Achenes of the ray obovate-oblong, 3-4-ribbed,

beakless, roughish ; of the disc plano-compressed, smooth, empty.

Pappus none. DC. Prod. 5, p. 399.

S. African half-shrubby plants. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid, with toothed lobes.

Heads terminal, pedunculate ; the ray blue, disc yellow. Name unexplained.

Pubescent : Hee

Lys. incised, the lobes with hook-pointed, subulate teeth (1) latifolium.

Lys. pinnate-parted, the lobes bluntly-toothed ... ... (2) pinnatifidum.

Glabrous, but scabrid; lvs. sub-bipinnate, with subulate lobes (3) bipinnatum.

1, G. latifolium (Harv.); densely scabrido-pubescent; leaves broadly-

oblong, inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes coarsely toothed, serratures callous,

subulate, hook-pointed.

Has. Tongaat river, Natal, W. 7. Gerrard. (Herb. D.)

‘* Two to three feet high, with blue flowers.” Stem and foliage densely and

roughly, but minutely pubescent.’ Upper leaves only seen by me; these are 13-2

inches long, 1 inch wide, cleft halfway to the midrib, the lobes 3-4 lines wide.

The hooked serratures are remarkable. Peduncles woolly.

2. G. pinnatifidum (DC. 1. c. 309); minutely velvetty ; leaves pinnatz-

partite, the lobes oblong, toothed, serratures blunt or subacute, callous-

tipped. Osteosp. pinnatifidum, Th. Cap. 717. L’ Her. Nov. St.t. 11. O. cce-

ruleum, Ait. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 179. Gar, viscosum, Cass.

Sg — Drege! A. Wyley! Seven Fountains, Burke § Zey.! (Herb.

.» Hk., Sd.

One to two feet high, much-branched, minutely glandular and viscid, all parts

downy. Leaves 1-13 inch long, } inch wide, pinnately cleft to the midrib or nearly

so; lobes 1-1} line wide, few-toothed. Pedunc. glandular and downy; serratures

sometimes broad and shallow, sometimes narrow and deep.

3. G. bipinnatum (Less.); scabrous, rigid ; leaves pinnate or bipinnati-

partite, the lobes subulate, acute, few-lobed or simple. DC. 1. ¢. 309-

Osteosp. bipinnatum, Th. Cap. 717. Zey. vort.

Has. Hantum, Thunb.; in the Karroo, Drege! E. § Z.! Zondag river and Graaf

Reinet, Drege! Jackal’s Fontein, Burke § Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

About a foot high, the whole plant glabrous, but sprinkled with rough points,

rigid. Branches flexuous. Leaves uncial, once or twice pinnately parted ; the

lobes awl-shaped, sub-pungent.

XXII. FRESENIA, DC,

Heads many-fl. (15-16 fl.), homogamous. Jnvzol. scales 3-seriate,

imbricate, linear, submembranous at margin, bearing a dorsal row of

1-3 glands. Recept. areolate, narrow. Cor. tubular, glabrous, 5-toothed,

not wider at the throat. . Anth. without tails. Style as in Chrysocoma.

Achenes compressed, beakless, silky-villous. Pappus double, the outer of

short, narrow scales, the inner of long, rough bristles. DC. Prod. 5, 328-

Glabrous suffrutices, with linear, opposite or alternate, entire leaves. Peduncles

Chrysocoma. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 93

1-headed. FI. pale-yellow. Name in honour of Fresenius, a Frankfort botanist,

who wrote on Arabian and African plants. I have not seen Drege’s Fresenia? 5843,

from the Kromriver.

1, F. leptophylla (DC. 1.c.); leaves opposite, linear-subulate, glabrous.

Has. Cederberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Much-branched, woody, 6-12 inches high. Leaf-pairs nearly an inch apart. Lys.

3-6 lines long. Nerve of the invol. scales ending in a long, prominent gland.

2. F.? scaposa (DC. 1. c.); “leaves alternate, crowded at the base

of the branches, linear, »i//ows with appressed hairs.” —DC.

Has. Near Driekoppen, Karroo, Drege.

‘Stem woody, dwarf: old branches clothed with the remains of leaves. Leaves

6-8 lines long, either quite linear or wider near the tip. Fl. branches 3 inches long,

1-headed, softly hairy. Invol. scales linear, villous. Cor. yellow, glabrous. Achenes

oblong, silky-villous. Pappus double, rough, the outer short.”—D0. 1. ¢.

XXIIL CHRYSOCOMA, Cass.

Heads many fl. homogamous. Lecept. naked, somewhat honey-combed.

Invol. campanulate, shorter than the flowers, imbricate, of oblong-

lanceolate scales. Achenes laterally flattened, beakless, hispidulous.

Pappusin one row, of slender, rough bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 353.

8. African shrublets, with linear, scattered, mostly entire rarely lobed or pinnatifid

leaves. Branches ending in long or short, 1-headed peduncles, rarely corymbose.

Heads globose, yellow. Name, from xpusos, gold, and xoun, ahead of hair; alluding

to the numerous bright yellow fi. heads.

1, Eu_Chrysocoma.—Shrubs, with narrow, sessile leaves. Heads solitary.

Leaves linear or filiform ;

Leaves rigidly ciliate ; setose beneath... ... ... .-. ... (2) ciliata.

Leaves glabrous, entire :

Leaves flat, at least 4 line wide ; heads stalked ... (1) Coma-aurea,

Leaves linear-filiform, about } line wide.

Flowering branches leafy to the summit or nearit (3) tenuifolia.

Fl. branches ending in a long or short peduncle :

Lys. 2-5 lines long; unc. <7 ... (4) peduncularis.

OES: as. see

Lvs. elliptic-obl Em Pgs od “4 obleagifotia. oie

vs. elliptic-oblong, Hipidly ciliate: © 2.5 c..- iss (6) i

Lys. lobed or pinnatifid :

Lys. 2—3-lobed, the lobes linear, blunt ... ... ... «=. (7) tridenta’

Lvs. pinnatifid, lobes on each side 2-3, blunt ... ... ... (8) pimmatifida.

2. Heteropsis.—Herbs, with decurrent, pinnatifid leaves. Heads corymbose.

Stem 2 ft. high, scabro-pubescent ; lvs. lyrate or pinnatifid (9) decurrens.

Sub-genus I. Eu-Chrysocoma.— or. narrow, funnel-shaped, with recurved lobes.

Style deeply bifid. Sete of pappus straight, rather broader at the points. Small

rubs, with narrow, entire or lobed, sessile leaves. Heads solitary (Sp. 1-8).

1. C. Coma-aurea (Linn. Sp. 1178); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so ;

leaves scattered, linear, subacute, spreading or recurved, quite entire;

heads shortly pedunculate,-120-150 flowered. DC. 7. ¢. p. 353. Pluk.

Alm. t. 327, f. 2. C. aurea, Th. Cap. p. 626. C. patula, Linn. Th. Cap.

Le. O. cernua, Linn. Thunb. ! Cap. l. ¢. (ex pte.). Sieb, fl. Cap. n. 32.

Has. Western districts, common. (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk., &c.)

A much branched shrub, 1-1} feet high, the branches corymbose, fastigiate,

94 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Chrysocoma.

curved, erect, glabrous, or the younger parts sub-pubescent. Leaves 7-10 lines

long, 4-line wide, obtuse or sub-acute, squarrose. Flowering branches 3-6 inches

long, sparsely leafy, the apex bare of leaves. Heads 5-7 lines long. The leaves

are occasionally sparsely ciliate.

2. C. ciliata (Linn. Sp. 1177); shrubby, the twigs pubescent; leaves

scattered, linear, obtuse or subacute, erect or erecto-patent, rigidly

ciliate and setose beneath ; heads shortly pedunculate. Thunb. Cap. 627.

DC. 1. c. 353. C. ciliaris, Willd.

. Has. Cape, Thunberg, E. Z.! Kaus, near the Gariep, Drege! (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Similar to C. Coma-awrea, except for the pubescence, which though variable in

amount is very copious, especially on the young parts. The branching is more

diffuse, and flexuous ; the leaves more erect and the peduncles shorter. The peduncles

in Drege’s specimen are nearly glabrous ; in Z. ¢ Z.’s, densely pubescent and much

shorter.

2. C. tenuifolia (Berg. Cap. 285); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so ;

leaves scattered, linear-filiform, short, obtuse, spreading or squarrose,

or erect with spreading points, quite entire ; fl. twigs leafy nearly or

quite to the summit; heads 80-go-flowered. DC. 1. ¢. 353. @. cernua,

Th. (ex pte.) Ch. microphylla, Thunb ! Cap. 626. Zey.! 2769.

Var. 8. microcephala, leaves shorter (1-3-lines long) and more erect ; heads

50-60-flowered. Ch. microcephala, DC. l.c. Zey! 2767, 2798.

Has. Distr. of Worcester, Swell., Uit., Albany, and in Kaffraria and Natal.

(Herb. Th. D., Sd., Hk.)

Smaller in all parts than C. Coma-aurea, with narrower, less flat leaves, and smaller

and more sessile heads, and } shorter flowers. Leaves 3—7-lines long, } line wide.

I find at least 50 flowers in the heads of var. B., which grows in the same localities

as the normal state, and which chiefly differs by its shorter leaves,—a very variable

character.

4. C. peduncularis (DC. 1. ¢. 353); shrubby, the young twigs sub-

pubescent; leaves scattered or opposite, linear-filiform, short, obtuse,

erect or squarrose, quite entire ; heads on longish, naked peduncles, about

50-flowered.

Has. Saldanha Bay, Namaqualand, £.Z./ Stormberg and Camiesberg, Drege /

(Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

About the size of C. tenuifolia, var. B, with similar but more erect leaves. Pedune.

1-2 inches long, thinly puberulous.

5. C. longifolia (DC. lL. c. 354); shrubby or suffruticose, glabrous ;

leaves scattered, 1-2 inches long, narrow-linear, obtuse, erect or erecto-

patent, quite entire ; heads shortly pedunculate, about 50-flowered.

Has. Near Ebenezer, Oliphant R., and Nieuvalei, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.)

Less branched than the preceding. Lvs, 1-2-2 inches long, } line wide. Pedunc.

scarcely uncial. Drege’s specimens of var. 8, patula, DC., marked “a” seem to me

to belong to C. tenurfolia ; those marked “ b,” to the present. Or perhaps this is an

extravagant form of (. tenuifolia.

6. C. oblongifolia (DC. 1. c. 354) ; shrubby, dwarf, divaricate ; lvs-

ic-oblong, flat, spreading, rigidly ciliate, glabrous ; heads peduncu-

late ; inv. scales linear-lanceolate, acute, imbricate, subscarious at mat-

gin. C. ciliata, E. Mey. fide DC.

Has. Between Hexrivier and the Bokkeveld, Drege / (Herb. Sond.)

Pteronia. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 95

A small scrubby shrublet. The leaves on the younger branches and twigs are

3-4 lines long, and 1-2 lines wide ; those on the older branches, which spring from

oo a old leaf-scars, are often fascicled, and linear or linear-spathulate, with or

without cilia.

7. C. tridentata (DC. 1. c. 354); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so;

leaves thickish, linear, 3-lobed or trifid, the upper ones sometimes linear,

entire or with one lateral lobe ; heads shortly pedunculate ; iny. scales

linear-lanceolate, with scarious edges.

Has. Zwarteberg, and near Kendo, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

A foot or so in height, erect, with rod-like branches. Leaves 3-6 lines long, the

lobes 4 line wide, either opposite each other or alternating, or one or both abreast,

Heads nearly as in C. Coma aurea,

8. C. pinnatifida (DC. 1. c. 354); “shrubby, glabrous; leaves sessile,

oblong-linear, thickish, pinnatifid, lobes on each side 2~3, entire, obtuse,

the margins subrevolute ; heads peduncled.” DC.

Has. Zwarteberg, Drege.

“ Stem 2 feet high, simple, shortly panicled at the apex. Inv. purplish. FI. pale-

yellow,” DC.— Unknown to us.

Sub-genus 2, HeTeropsis. Cor. campanulate, with a slender tube and erect lobes.

Style shortly bifid. Sete of pappus flexuous, taper-pointed. A tall herb, with simple

stem, ending in a corymbose injlorescence. Leaves decurrent in narrow wings along the

stem.

9. C. decurrens (DC. 1. c. 354); stem angular, herbaceous, -sub-

simple, thinly pilose ; leaves alternate, sub-distant, elongate, roughly

hispid, inciso-pinnatifid, decurrent at base, the lateral lobes alternate,

short, toothlike ; corymb panicled, fastigiate, the subdivisions dense ;

invol. scales scabrous.

Var. 8, pterocaula ; lower leaves lyrate, the lateral lobes short and blunt, the

upper lanceolate. C. pterocaula, DC, l. c.

Has. Witberg, at the foot of the mountains, in upland valleys and on flats, 4500-

5000 ft., Drege/ Var. 8, Leeuwenspruit, between Kraai River and the Witberg,

4500 ft., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 2 ft. or more high, 2—3 lines in diameter ; the leaves 1-2 inches apart, 2-4

inches long, 2-4 lines wide, the lobes nearly 3 in. apart and 1-2 lineslong. Flowering

branches corymbose, each division corymbulose, 4-6-headed. Heads 60-80-flowd.

Achenes minutely pubescent. Var. 8, from nearly the same locality as a, differs

so slightly that I cannot keep it specifically apart. Of it, however, I have only seen

an imperfect specimen. Drege’s specimens of var. a. vary in the shape of the leaves.

XXIV. PTERONIA, L.

Heads discoid, homogamous, many-fl., rarely 3-1-flowered. Recept.

honeycombed, the margins of the cells either short or fringed. Jnvol.

imbricated in many rows. Achenes compressed or top-shaped, glabrous

or villous, rarely shortly-tapering at the summit. Pappus in many rows,

bristle-shaped, bristles thickish, closely barbed, often concrete at base.

DC. Prodr. 5, p. 356.

A large and natural genus of S. African small, dry, or glutinous shrubs. Leaves

opposite or rarely alternate, mostly entire, glabrous or hairy, often ciliate. Heads

terminal, solitary or corymbose. Inyol. scales scarious, often shining. Flowers

yellow, rarely purple.-—Name, from rrepoy, a wing.

Excluded.

Pteronia, 2772 in Herb. Drege,—Ambraria,

96 COMPOSIT (Harv.)

( Artificial Analysis of the Species ).

[ Pteronia.

A. Heads 3 or more, in tufts or corymbs at the ends of the branches :

(a) Leaves alternate, linear-subulate :

Heads few-flowered, subsessile ; achenes hairy...

Heads many-fl., ending leafy branches ; achenes

glabrous... :

(b) Leaves opposite, sheathing at base, linear or subulate :

Heads 1-3, many-flowered ; lvs. filiform .

Heads 3, sessile, 3—5-f1.; vs. short ...

Heads corymbose, pedicelled, 3—5-fi.; lvs. filiform

Heads densely fascicled, sessile, 1-f1.; ‘Ivs. subulate

Leaves linear-trigonous, glabrous :

Leaves in threes, hook-pointed ; heads co-

rymbose

Leaves opposite, ‘obtuse ; heads 1 1-3, pedi

cellate, clammy

Leaves opposite, hook-pointed ; “heads in

, Sessile .., Sus

Leaves linear-oblong, flat, nerved, powdery

Leaves broadly ovate or oblong, sub- —

Leaves flat, pale, powdery .. =

Leaves wavy and curled, glandular he

B. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches,

(3) baecharoides, 8.

(51) camphorata.

(20) flexicaulis,

(21) paniculata, B.

(21) paniculata,

(22) fasciculata.

(4) uncinata,

(13) pallens.

(14) tricephala.

(39) quinquefiora.

(5) divaricata.

(24) undulata.

1. Inv. sc. close- -pressed, often viscid, mostly broad, blunt, bluntish or mucronate.

(a) Leaves alternate (at least the upper ones).

Glabrous ; leaves smooth. ; achenes hairy

Glabrous ; lvs. rigidly ciliate ; achenes glabrous

Hispid and scabrous ; lvs. linear; _ achenes hairy

Pulverulent ; achenes

Tny. scales membr.-edged, pet lvs. acute

Inv. scales not bordered, straw-colour ; lvs.

DING... oss 7 re

(b) Leaves opposite, not glabrous.

Softly-tomentose or canescent :

Lys. lin.-oblong, 1-2 lines wide, 4-5 1. long

Lys. elliptic-oblong, nerved, 3-5 lines —

8-10 lines long... . se

Pulverulent-scabrous or ‘glandular :

Inv. scales round-topped, membr.-edged ;

lvys. acute, faintly nerved... .

Inv. scales ovate, subacute, ‘not “bordered ;

lys. acute, midribbed __....

Tnv. scales straw-colour, obtuse ; ‘Ivs. blunt,

nerveless ... :

Rigidly pubescent or hispid :

Leaves ciliate, linear-lanceolate ; fl. purple

Leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate ; fl. yellow

Leaves oval or round; inv. scales with a white

border __...

Lvs. (small) oblong-linear or oblong, nerved :

Heads 4-flowered ; iny. scales with a ——

membr. border... ...

Heads several-fl. ; inv. scales. rigid, opaque :

Achenes densely hairy :

Leaves sub-connate; inv. scales

aoe aoe

Achenes sel Ae Bt inv.scls. viscid

(16) gymnocline.

(49) onobromoides.

(32) villosa.

(31) centauroides,

(10) lucilioides.

(9) cinerea.

(25) ovalifolia.

(31) centauroides,

(7) oppositifolia.

(10) lucilioides.

op i

(36) leucoloma.

(29) Candollei.

(12) glomerata.

(17) ciliata.

(45) viscosa,

Pteronia.| COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 97

Leaves linear or lin.-lanceolate, flat, not ciliate :

Flowers yellow :

Inv. scales softly fringed, callous ti (33) eallosa,

Inv. scales —— , Tigid — ee glabrata.

Flowers purple... .. --- (23) hirsuta, +.

Lys. linear-terete, trigonous or filiform, not ciliate :

Leaves sheathing at base, linear-filiform ... (20) flexicaulis,

Leaves not sheathing at base:

Lys. from 5 lines to an inch or more in length;

Inv. scales dry, quite entire, membr.

edged... .. ... (18) suceulenta,

Inv. se. dry, rigid, opaque, serrato-

lacerate ... (38) tenuifolia,

Inv. sc. clammy, ciliolate, “‘mem-

brane-edged, lacerate ... (13) pallens.

Inv. sc. sub-viscid, ey silky:

ciliate... ... (35) turbinata,

Leaves 1—3- rarely 4- lines long :

Twigs scabrous; heads obovoid,

viscid, many-fl. .. (46) elongata.

Glabrous; heads cylindrical; ‘scales

memb. edged... (37) cylindracea.

Glabrous, dwarf; heads. oblong-top-

shaped; scales horny ... ... (43) empetrifolia,

Leaves rigidly ciliate :

Glabrous :

Inv. scales mucronate; achenes villous (34) mucronata.

Inv.sc.subacute; achenessparsely pilose (45) viscosa.

Tny. sc. obtuse ; achenes —— glan-

anlar... .. «. (48) adenocarpa.

Twigs scabrous :

Achenes sparsely pilose ... ... ... (46) elongata.

Achenes quite glabrous... ... .... (47) stehelinoides.

2. Invol. scales loosely imbricated, dry, linear, lanceolate or acuminate, often with

wide, membranous

Leaves alternate (at least the upper ones).

Leaves, ae and ee ee age with minute,

harsh points... s .. (50) seabra.

Leaves glabrous or nearly 50:

Achenes glabrous; leaves filiform ... ... (51) eamphorata.

Achenes pubescent, or densely :

Leaves pete ames crow’ fur-

rowed beneath .. (3) baccharoides.

Lys. lin. ~spathulate; inv. scales linear,

tuse .. (2) glaucescens,

Lys. linear, obtuse, pe ‘lines long : inv.

scales acuminate... ... ... (28) leucoclada.

Leaves oval or oblong :

Obtuse; inv. scales broadly ovate,

with a wide, membr. border ... (26)

Acute ; inv. scales lin, —

acuminate... .. (1) aspalatha.

Lys ————* 10-12 lines. long: inv.

lanceolate, acuminate ...... (30) acuminata.

Leaves opposite, or pepe eres 80:

Achenes hairy or villous :

Iny. sc. ovate, with a wide, membranous border:

Pappus bright red (1vs. glaucous, small,

ovate oroblong) ... .. + (11) erythrocheta.

Pappus pale, whitish or fulvous :

VOL. III, 7

98 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Pteronia.

Glabrous (leaves oval or oblong,

GUS). a. ee eee

Powdery or sub-canous on twigs

and young leaves :

Heads 5-fl. Leaf-pairs distant (39) quinqueflora.

Heads several-fl. Lvs. close.

Leaves 4-5 ls. long, 1-14

line wide ... ... ... (27) membranacea.

Lys. 1-2]s.long,}in.wide (15) beckioides.

Inv. scales obtuse, with a very narrow, mem-

branous border:

Inv. scales oblong or ovate-oblong ;

leaves 3-6 lineslong ... ... ... (8) incana,

Inv. scales linear; leaves 1-3 lineslong (41) leptolepis.

Inv. scales opaque, entire or ciliolate, acute:

Glabrous. Invol. sc. lanceolate-oblong,

entire wee owes cose soe dee? Woes (40) leptospermotder,

Minutely canous. Inv. scales broadly-

ovate, downy, ciliolate ... ... ...

Outer achenes hairy ; inner glabrous; inv. scales

oblong, obtuse... ... ... ss. eee eee +e. (44) heterocarpa.

Achenes glabrous ; inv. sc. lanceolate, acuminate (51) camphorata, «.

(42) glauca.

Sect. 1. Sceprnta. Heads many or few-fl. Recept. honey-combed, shortly fimbril-

liferous. Achenes terete or subcompressed, villous, not tapering into a neck. (Sp. 1-22)

1. P. aspalatha (DC. 1. c. 356); “glabrescent ; leaves scattered,

sessile, elliptical or oblong, nerveless, rather fleshy, acute, the lower

with 1-2 marginal teeth ; heads shortly pedunculate, terminal, many

fl. ; inv.-scales linear-lanceolate, acuminate, as well as the twigs and

upper leaves minutely puberulous.” DC.

Has. Betw. Karroe R. and Dwaal, Burchell, 1427. Nieuweveld, Drege? (fide DC.)

A scrap without flowers from Drege, in Herb. Sond, said to belong to this species,

seems referable to Pegolettia polygalefolia. We therefore give the present species

wholly on De Candolle’s authority.

2. P. glaucescens (DC. 1. c. 357); the young parts downy, other-

wise glabrous; leaves alternate, close, linear-spathulate, glaucous, some-

what fleshy, nerveless, quite entire, obtuse; heads ending leafy branches,

subsessile, 10-12 fl. ; inv.-scales linear, obtuse, loosely imbricated ;

achenes silky ; pappus tawny.

Has. Nieuweveld, Drege / (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A scrubby, rigid, robust, small shrub ; the old twigs hardening and spinescent,

divaricate. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1 line wide, narrowed to the base. Heads small.

Tnvol. loosely 3-seriate ; the scales dry but not membranous. Our specimens are

far from perfect.

3. P. baccharoides (Less.! Syn. oo ; glabrous; leaves alternate,

crowded, spreading, linear-trigonous, keeled, when dry furrowed beneath,

acute or subacute ; heads sessile or subsessile, 3-12-flowered, either

corymbose or solitary ; inv.-scales varying from narrow-oblong to ovate,

1-nerved, entire, subacute or acute, the inner longer; achenes topshaped,

densely silky. Osteospermum teretifolium, Thunb.! Cap. 713. O. trigo-

num, Spr. Syst. 3, 628.

Var. a. Lessingii ; heads 8—12-flowered, the inv.-scales ovate. P. baccharoides,

Less.! Pt, acerosa, var, multiflora, DC. 1. c. and P. baccharoides, DC.

Pteronia.| COMPOSITE (Hary.) 99

Var. B. acerosa; heads 3~-5-flowered, mostly co bose ; iny.-scales narrow-

oblong. Pt. acerosa, DC. l, c. 357. Vars. athe ‘dad t-dore, gsi

Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, common. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd

A much-branched, upright bush, 1~2 f. high ; branches closely leafy to the aie.

mit. Leaves 4-7 lines long. Heads variable in size and number of flowers, and in

the breadth and shape of the invol.-scales, even on the same branch! Vars. a. and

8. therefore, are only casually distinct,

4. P. uncinata (DC. 1. ¢. 357); glabrous; leaves 3 in a whorl,

crowded, spreading, linear-trigonous with a hooked point, acute ; heads

4-5-fl., corymbose, shortly pedicellate ; invol.-scales linear-oblong, sub-

acute, entire, the inner ones longer, acute ; achenes topshaped, densely

silky. P. verticiilata, DC. l.c.?

Has. Lange Valei, Drege! Verloren Valei, among shrubs near the sea shore,

Dr. Wallich }' (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very similar in aspect and flowers to P. baccharoides, but differing in foliage. I

do not see how DC.’s P. verticil/ata (by description) materially differs. Its A. are

said to be purplish, those of the present sp. yellow.

5. P. divaricata (Less. Syn. 196); branches divaricate ; twigs and

leaves scabrous with a very minute, powdery and glandular pubescence;

leaves opposite, elliptic or ovate, obtuse, shortly petioled; heads 5—6-

fl., corymbose, pedicellate; invol.-scales glabrous, shorter than the dise,

oval-oblong, obtuse, with membranous, entire margins ; ach. obovate,

compressed, pilose. DC. l.¢. 357. Hupatorium divaricatum, Th.! Cap.

628, Chrysocoma oppositifolia, Linn.

Has. Cape, Burman. Groenekloof, 2. Z., Drege / Modderfontyn, Rev. H. White-

head ! Namaqualand, A. Wyley/ Blauweberg, Zey./ 818. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A scrubby bush. Twigs opposite, horizontal or widely spreading. Lvs. 4-3 in.

long, 3-5 lines wide, pale, t-nerved, sometimes mucronulate. Pedicels opposite,

4-1 in. long. Pappus twice as long as the invol., reddish.

6. P. inflexa (Thunb.! Cap. 633); twigs pubescent; leaves opposite,

sessile, oval, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse, thickish, faintly

1-nerved, on both sides rigidly pubescent, or glabrescent ; heads termi-

nal, sessile, solitary, oval, nearly glabrous; inv. equalling the disc, scales

closely appressed, very broad and obtuse, roundish-oblong, convex, with

a membranous, entire margin ; the lowest almost obovate. Burch. Cat.

Geogr. 1495. P.lupulina, DC.! 1. ¢. 357.

Has. Hantum, Thunb.! Sack Riv., Burchell. Nieuweveld, Drege! Bitterfontyn,

Zey.! 3097. (Herb. Sd., Th.)

A very rigid, robust, scrubby bush, 6-12 inches high, divaricately much-branched ;

old twigs spinescent. Leaves variable in shape and pubescence, the smallest 1~2

lines long, others 4-7 lines long and 1-21. broad. Heads 6-8 lines long, 4-5 1. in

diam., on our specimens immature.

7. P. oppositifolia (Linn. Syst. Veg. 614) ; twigs and leaves covered

with a minute, powdery-scaberulous indument, cinereous ; leaves oppo-

site, lanceolate-oblong, rather longer than the internodes, sessile, acute,

strongly midribbed ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oval, many-fl. ;

inv.-scales ovate, obtuse or subacute, appressed, rigid, glabrous, the

inner subviscid, all minutely ciliolate. DC.l.c. 358. Th.! Cap. 632.

Has, Cape, Thunberg! Burchell, Cat. 6837. (Herb. Thunb.)

Y Seg

100 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Pteronia

Much branched, the old branches glabrate. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1} wide,

often with axillary tufts. Heads 4-% inch long, 4 inch diam., the inv.-scales horn-

coloured at the edge, dark-centred. Pappus rufescent.

8. P. incana (Less.! in Hb. Thunb.); divaricate ; twigs and leaves

thinly tomentose-canescent ; leaves opposite, crowded, linear-oblong,

obtuse, sessile ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 6-9-fl. ; invol.-scales

glabrous, oblong, subobtuse, entire, with a very narrow membranous

margin ; achenes topshaped, densely and rigidly hairy. Zey.! 2771.

DC. 1. ¢. 358. Pt. xantholepis, DO. 1.c. Eupatorium cinereum, Thunb.!

Cap. 627. Chrysocoma incana, Burm.

Has. Caledon, Mundt! Attaqua’s Kloof, Dr. Gill/ Swellendam and Uitenhage,

E. 2.1 Albany, T. W. Tulbagh, Pappe/ Kaus, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A scrubby, much-branched, canescent bush, the short ramuli tipped with sessile,

shining fl.-heads. Tnvol.-scales at first greenish-yellow, then fulvous and finally

brown in centre. Pappus foxy. Lys. 3-6 lines long, 1-14 line wide.

9. P. cinerea (Linn. f. Supp. 356); young twigs and leaves tomen-

tose-canescent ; leaves opposite, oblong-linear, sessile, flat, thickish,

obtuse or subacute, crowded, somewhat nerve-keeled ; heads oval,

pluri-flowered, terminal, solitary, sessile ; invol.-scales dorsally cobweb-

tomentose, ovate-oblong or ovate, obtuse, membrane-edged and ciliolate-

lacerate ; achenes silky-villous. Thunb.! Cap. 632. DC.l.c.; also Pt.

canescens, DC.! l.c. 358.

Has. Cape, Thb.! Onderbockeveld and Zeederberge, Drege/ (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A small, scrubby, hairy bush ; the older branches becomi brous. Lys. 4-5

lines long, 1-2 1. wide. Heads 3 in. long, 3-4 1. in diam. . 8 P. canescens quite

agrees with the original specimens of Pt. cinerea, in Hb, Thunb.

10. P. lucilioides (DC. 1. c. 358); slender, the twigs and leaves

canescent with very short, close, powdery (swollen) scabrid hairs ; lvs.’

opposite, linear or spathulate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire,

nerveless ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 7—9-fl.; inv. oblong; its scales

oblong, obtuse, dry, glabrous, entire, closepressed ; achenes densely

silky-villous.

Var. 8. sparsifolia; rameal leaves often alternate or imperfectly opposite.

Has. Near the Gariep in Little Namaqualand, Drege! 6. Namaqualand, A.

Wyley/ (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A slender, much-branched, pale shrub ; the twigs at length glabrescent. ‘Leaves

3-6 lines long, }-1 line wide, subdistant or close, the rameal often bearing leaf-tufts.

Pubescence scabrous, composed of minute, conical, vertical hairs. Invol. glossy,

pale straw-colour. Specimens of this plant, from Drege, in Hb. Hk. and Sd. are

marked “‘ P, gymnocline.” -

11, P. erythrocheta (DC. 1. c. 358); divaricate, nearly glabrous (the

young parts minutely pubescent); leaves opposite, crowded, sessile,

ovate or oblong, obtuse, glaucous, thick and nerveless; heads terminal,

solitary, sessile, 4~5-flowered ; invol.-scales shorter than the disc, ovate-

oblong, acute, glabrous, dorsally lined, membrane-edged ; pappus bright

red ; ach. rigidly hairy.

Has. Sack R., Burch. Zw. Ruggens, Dreye! George, Pappe / (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A very rigid, robust, SRE, oe cestian Seabee aimee Twigs densely

> 1-2 inches long. Lys, 3~4 lines long, 2 1. wide, the upper imbricating.

Pteronia.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 101

12. P. glomerata (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); glabrous, leaves very short,

opposite, sessile, subconnate, thick, oblong-carinate, obtuse, usually with

axillary leaf-tufts ; heads 10-12-fl, terminal, solitary, sessile, oboval,

viscid ; invol.-scales ciliolate, appressed, the outer short, ovate, the

inner oblong, nearly equalling the disc, obtuse, rigid ; achenes rigidly

hairy. DC.l.c. 359. Pt. microphylla, DC. l. ¢. 359.

Hap. Inthe Karroo, 7h./ Drege! Wallich / Zwarteberge, and Camisberge, &c.,

Drege ! Stellenbosch, E. Z. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A strong, rigid, scrubby bush, 6-12 in. high. Lys. 1-2 lines long, 1 line wide,

erecto-patent. Heads 8-9 lines long, very clammy. DQC.’s “ P. microphylla,’ of

ieee S- have seen Lcklon’s specimen in Hb, Sd., scarcely differs by any tangible

c. cter.

13. P. pallens (Linn. f. Suppl. 357); glabrous, much-branched; lvs.

opposite, linear-trigonous, elongate, obtuse ; heads 12-15-f1,, solitary

or in threes at the ends of the branches, shortly pedunculate, ovate-

turbinate ; inv. clammy, its scales close-pressed, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate,

the inner with lacerate-membranous edges ; achenes rigidly hairy. DC.

L.c.359. Thunb. Fl. Cap. 630.

Has. Cape, Thunberg / In the Karroo, FE. Z. (Herb. Sd., Th.)

Robust, densely much-branched, corymbose, 6-12 inches high, with pale twigs,

leaves and involucres. Lys. t inch long, 4 line wide. Heads 4-5 lines long, acute

or conical at base. Inv.-scales very blunt.

14. P. tricephala (DC. 1. c. 359); glabrous, somewhat viscid, much-

branched ; leaves opposite, linear-trigonous, hook-pointed, subconnate ;

heads 4—5-flowered, sessile in threes at the ends of the twigs, oblong ;

invol. scales shorter than the disc, narrow, acute, ciliolate ; achenes

densely hairy.

Has. Nieuweveld, Drege/ (Herb. D., Sd.)

A small scrub, 5-6 inches high. Leaves 5-6 lines long, 3 line wide, scarcely so

hooked as those of P. uncinata. Invol. and pappus pale.

15. P. beckioides Aas lc. 359); young twigs and leaves minutely

pulverulent ; twigs slender ; leaves opposite (small), linear, subacute,

thickish, somewhat keeled, entire, powdery ; heads terminal, solitary,

sessile, oblong-turbinate, conical at base, glabrous; invol. scales ovato-

lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with membranous and torn edges, the

outer short ; achenes densely hairy.

Has. Swellendam, Drege! (Herb. Sd.) ;

A slender, twiggy shrub; the older twigs quite glabrous. Leaves 1—2 lines long,

3 line wide. Heads 8-10 lines long; the invol. scales in many rows, glaucous-green

' when dry, with pale edges. Pappus foxy.

16. P. gymnocline (DC. 1. c. 359); glabrous; twigs slender, striate,

pale; lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, sessile, linear-spathulate,

obtuse, thickish, narrowed at base, nerveless, minutely punctulate ;

heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, obtuse at base, 12-1 5-flowered ;

invol. scales appressed, the outer oblong, obtuse, the inner oblongo-

lanceolate, subacute, glabrous and glossy, quite entire ; recept. naked ;

achenes densely hairy. P. calvescens, Drege in Herb. !

Has. Near the Gariep, in Little Namaqualand, Drege? (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

102 composITZ& (Harv.) [ Pteronia.

A slender, small and pale, or glaucous shrub. Leaves 4-5 or 6 lines long, scarcely

1 line wide, somewhat channelled and bluntly keeled. Heads pale straw-colour, dry.

The “P. gymnocline” of Drege, so far as I have seen, belongs to “P. lucilioides.”

17, P. ciliata (Thunb.! Cap. 632); glabrous, much-branched, rigid;

leaves opposite (but not connate), crowded at the ends of the twigs,

oblong, oblong-linear or linear, rigid, thick, with a broad and promi-

nent keel-like rib, very entire, glaucous ; heads terminal, solitary,

elliptic ; inv. scales closely imbricating, glossy, broadly oblong, obtuse,

rigid, fringed with soft hairs; achenes densely hairy. DC. l. ¢. 359.

Var. a, Thunbergii; leaves linear-trigonous, 4-6 lines long.

Var. 8. Ecklonis; leaves oblong, 14—2 lines long, 1 line wide.

Has. Namaqualand, Z. § Z./ Olifantsriver, Drege’ (Herb. Sd., D., Th.)

A small scrubby, intricately-branched bush. Leaves separate at base, spreading.

Heads 7-8 lines long, 3-4 in diameter, the outer scales brownish or greenish. Invol.

shorter than the disc. 2. ¢ Z.’s plant has much shorter and proportionably broader

leaves than Thunberg’s, but variably so ; in other respects the plants agree,

18. P. suceulenta (Thunb.! Cap. 630); glabrous, much-branched ;

leaves opposite, linear-trigonous, fleshy, subacute, spreading or recurved ;

heads terminal, campanulate, many-flowered ; invol. rarely as long as

disc, scales broadly ovate, very obtuse, dry, entire, membrane-edged ;

achenes densely hairy. DC. 1. ¢. 360.

Has. Carroo and Hantum, Th./ Olifantriver, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Leaves granulated when dry, 4 lines to an inch long. Heads } inch long, 4-5

lines diameter. Fl. yellow. Branches of style much protruded, the stig

and hispid. Invol. scales nerveless, with a linear gland beneath the apex.

19. P. glabrata (Linn. f. Suppl. 358) ; glabrous, much-branched ;

leaves opposite, broadly linear, fat, thickish, obtuse (or acute), 1-nerved,

spreading ; heads terminal, campanulate, many-flowered ; invol. scarcely

as long as disc, scales broadly ovate or oblong, very obtuse, dry, many-

- Spi “gare oa entire. Thunb. / Cap. 630. P.sesuviifolia, DC. !

356.

long

Has. Carroo, below Bockland, Thunb.’ Kaus and Olifants river, Drege’ Heere-

logement, Clanw., #. ¢ Z.! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very near P. succulenta, but with flat more or less nerved leaves, and the invol.

scales marked with several longitudinal, coloured lines. Leaves 1-1} inch long,

a? lines wide. Fl. yellow. Perhaps merely a more luxuriant state of P. succu-

20. P. flexicaulis (Linn. f. Suppl. 355); glabrous, very viscid abové;

young leaves sheathing at base, the sheath afterwards splitting, linear--

filiform, channelled above, incurved, obtuse; heads 15~25-flowered,

solitary or in threes at the ends of the branches, subsessile ; inv. oblong,

viscid, nearly equalling the disc, scales appressed, obtuse, the outer

oval, the inner oblong. Th./ Cap. 629. Pt. connata, DC. l. ¢. 360.

Has. Carroo, Thunb.! Swellend. ‘ . § i a

Baz agg Agger rere Dr. Thom, EB. § Z./ in the Karroo, Drege, —

has nearly the habit and foli . : A

rescence. It is ake eee. e of the following, but a very different inflo

21. P, paniculata (Th.! Cap. 629); glabrous, viscid above ; young

Pteronia. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 103

leaves sheathing at base, the sheath afterwards splitting, linear-semi-

terete, incurved, obtuse ; heads 3-flowered, densely corymbose, pedicel-

late, about 3 on every pedicel ; invol. cylindrical, glabrous, shorter than

disc, scales oblong, obtuse; achenes hairy. JP. flexicaulis, DC. Ll. c, 360.

P. fastigiata, Zey.

Van. 8, fastigiata; leaves closely set, 3-5 lines long ; heads sessile, mostly in

threes, 3-5-flowered ; invol. scales ovate-oblong, subacute. P. fasligiata, Thunb./

Cap. p. 629. :

Has. Carroo, Thunb./ Underbokkeveld and Zeederbergen, Drege’ Elandsherg,

Wallich! Namaqualand, Rev. H. Whitehead! Swell., Vit., &e. £. § Z./ Slaay

Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very much branched, scrubby, with incurved branches, twigs and leaves, Leaves

3-1} inch long, their sheath, after splitting, forming a membranous base, broader

than the lamina. Heads yellow, densely corymbose, fastigiate. Var. 8. has much

shorter and more closely set leaves, and somewhat larger and less corymbose heads;

varying in this respect as P. baccharoides more notably does: I have only seen it in

Herb, Thunb.!

22. P. fasciculata (Linn. f. Suppl. 357); glabrous, viscid above ;

leaves opposite, shortly connate at base (the sheath at length splitting),

narrow-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, viscid, concave above, keeled

beneath, densely set, scabrous-edged; heads numerous, one-flowered,

densely tufted at the ends of the branches, sessile; invol. linear, compressed,

glabrous, scales lanceolate, acute. DC.l.c. 360. Th./ Cap. 630. Henan-

thus fasciculatus, Less. Syn. 195.

Has. Carroo near Hexriver, Thund./ Gauritz R., E. ¢ Z./ Zeederbergen, Drege/

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A strong growing bush, 1-2 feet high. Branches naked below, very closely

covered with leaves above. ‘Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2 lines wide, their short sheath

on bursting forming a broad, membranous base to the leaf. The dense tuft of yellow

flower-heads is 1-14 inch diameter.

Sect. 2. Pachyderis. Heads many-fl. Recept. honeycombed. Achenes compressed

(the outer sometimes 3-cornered), tapering into a short, thick, glabrous neck (which

s often peg by the copious hairs of the lower portion), sometimes quite glabrous.

(Sp. 23-5

23, P. hirsuta (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); branches scabrous; hispid or

pilose (rarely glabrous); leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, somewhat

keeled, acute, rigidly ciliate (or smooth), scabrous or pilose beneath ;

heads terminal, sessile, solitary, ovoid, many-flowered ; invol. glabrous

or pilose, viscid ; scales broadly ovate or oblong, the inner longer,

membranous at edge, ciliolate, and often curled. P. retorta, Linn. f.

Suppl. 356.

Var. a. vera; stems and undersides of leaves very rough with long, white hairs.

P. hirsuta, L. -DC.1.¢.p. 360. Th. Cap. 681. Zey.!/ 815.

‘Wan. 8. Cephalotes; stems and undersides of leaves very rough with rigid points,

but not pilose. Pt. Cephalotes, Linn. f. DC. 1. c. 361. Thund. p. 631. Zey.! 2775. Pt.

_pseudo-cephalotes, Less.}

Van. y. glabra (DC.); branches glabrous; leaves without cilia, folded or flat,

glabrous on both sides. DC, 1. c. 361.

Has. Districts of Cape, Stellenb., Tulbagh, Worcester, Clanw., and Swellendam,

Th., E. § Z., Drege, &c-; var. 8. the common form, round Capetown; var. y. in the

Karroo, Z. § Z./ (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk., &c.)

A rigid, usually very rough, much-branched, small shrub, 12-18 inches high,

104 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Pteronia

variabl cent. Leaves closely placed, 5~7 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, thick and

stiff. Heads 1-14 inch long, 4 inch diameter. Flowers pwrple, the corollas curved

outwards. Except in pubescence, which varies much in different specimens, T cannot

distinguish P. Cephalotes from P. hirsuta. P. pseudo-Cephalotes, Less.! is founded

on a specimen in Herb. Thunb., having the characters of var. 8., with the invol. scales

remarkably fimbriate and curled; I find this character occasionally in the other

varieties.

24. P. undulata (DC. 1. c. 361); twigs and foliage very minutely

glanduloso-pulverulent, scaberulous ; leaves opposite, tapering at base

into a petiole, oval or oblong, obtuse, wavy and curled ; heads pedicellate,

from the upper axils, corymbose at the ends of the branches, 4-5-

flowered ; invol.-scales erect, oblong, glabrous, entire, obtuse, with a

narrow membr. margin ; achenes thinly villous.

Has. Zilverfontein, Little Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) —

A slender shrub, with opposite, erect branches, and remarkably curled, glandular

foliage. Leaves 7-8 lines long, 3-41. wide. Pedicels 4-1 inch long ; heads 3, 5,

7, &c. in a corymb, small.

25. P. ovalifolia (DC. 1. c. 361); twigs cobwebby, becoming gla-

brous; leaves opposite, ellipt.-oblong or oval, sessile, obtuse, very entire,

tomentose-canescent with appressed, woolly hairs, the older ones be-

coming almost nude ; heads oval-oblong, sessile, solitary, many-flowered;

invol.-scales cobwebbed, appressed, ovate or oblong, the inner with a

narrowish, membranous margin, ciliolate ; achenes silky villous.

Has, Olifant’s R., Drege! Worcester, E.Z. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) _

A slender shrub, with opposite brachiate twigs. lLeaf-pairs subdistant. Leaves

8-10 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, leathery. Heads 1} in. long, 4 inch diam. FIL

yellow. Habit of P. cinerea, but with larger and more distant leaves, larger heads, Ke.

26. P. scariosa (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); divaricately much-branched;

rigid, at length spinescent, glabrous; leaves opposite, or the upper

alternate, subsessile, oval or oval-oblong, obtuse, thick, nerveless, gla-

brous ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, many-fl. ; invol.-scales

loosely imbricated, broadly ovate, with a very wide, membranous, lace-

rate margin and an opaque ovato-lanceolate, pungent-mucronate middle.

Thunb.! Cap. 633. DC. 1. c. 361.

Has. Near Hantum, Thunberg/ Betw. Koussia and Pedroskloof, and at Zilver-

fontyn, Drege/ (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk., D.)

A robust, scrubby bush, very rigid. Leaves 14-24 lines long, 1-14 line wide,

acute at base or sub-petiolate. Heads 9-10 lines long, 4-5 1, wide, Inv. very

membranous, shining.

27. P. membranacea (Linn. f. Suppl. 357); twigs and foliage

minutely pulverulent-canescent ; leaves opposite, sessile, crowded, linear-

oblong or linear, acute; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, campanulate,

many-flowered ; invol. glabrous, scales oblong, with a lanceolate, opaque

middle, and a very wide, membranous, pellucid, lacerate margin. Zh. /

Cap. p.633. DC.1. ¢. 361.

Has. The Karroo, Thunb.! Mundt. About the Zwartkops and K Rs., Uit.

E.§ Zt Boschesmans Riv, and Zuureberge, Drege / Sonnetabiiag ose R, Zonder

Kiende, Zey.! 2773. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

prises bees beets, thinly pulverulent shrub, 1-2 f. high. soci

s Bavttes 2 hes loons

not inthe atvend Hye

Pteronia.] COMPOSITE (Hary.) 105

28, P. leucoclada (Turez.!); much branched, the twigs rigid, divari-

cate, glabrous, white-barked ; leaves alternate (small), linear-oblong or

linear, obtuse, thick, nerveless, sub-sessile, glabrous and glaucous; heads

terminal, solitary, sessile, several-flowered ; iny.-scales loosely imbricated

in many rows, ovato-lanceolate, much acuminate, the innermost taper-

ing into a long, awnlike point, all with a broad, membranous, entire

margin ; achenes densely silky.

Has. Bitterfontyn, Zeyher! 811. (Herb. Sond., D.)

A rigid shrub, 1-2 f. high, with brachiate branches and twigs, and remarkably

white, smooth bark, Leaves scattered, subdistant, 2-4 lines long, scarcely 1 line

wide, sometimes fascicled. Heads 4-5 lines long, 3 lines diam., pale. A remark-

able species’; apparently very nearly related to P. acuminata.

29. P. Candollei (Harv.) ; “ quite glabrous, leaves opposite, oblong-

linear, thickish, with a prominent midrib beneath, glaucous, crowded

about the apices and in the axils; heads terminal, solitary, sessile,

4-flowered ; scales of the glabrous invol. oval-oblong, with a wide,

membranous margin, acuminate-submucronate.” DC. P.glabrata, DC.

l. c. 362, non Linn. f.

Has. Karroo River, Burchell, Cat. 1410. (fide DC.)

Unknown to us. P. glabrata, L. f. (by Herb. Thunb.!) is P. sesuviifolia, DC.!

30. P. acuminata (DC. 1. c. 361); “glabrous; leaves alternate, lan-

ceolate, tapering to each end, mucronate, nearly nerveless ; heads ter-

minal, subsessile, oblong, 10-12-fl.; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate,

scarious at the margins.” DC.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell, 1587 (fide DC.)

** Leaves 10~12 lines long, 3 lines wide. Achenes compressed, very villous,

attenuated under the reddish pappus.” DC.

31. P. centauroides (DC. 1. c. 362); branches and adult leaves

glanduloso-pulverulent, scaberulous, twigs and young foliage glanduloso-

velutinous and canescent; leaves opposite and alternate, sessile, entire,

acute, the cauline oval-oblong or lanceolate, midribbed, those of the

twigs linear; heads terminal, solitary, oval, many-flowered ; invol. scales

appressed, entire, very obtuse, glabrous, with a very narrow membranous

edge, the outermost short, canescent at base. :

Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) :

Apparently a shrub, 2-3 feet high, with erect, ramulous branches. Cauline leaves

7~12 lines long, 2~3 lines wide; rameal 5-6 lines long, scarcely a line wide. Heads

an inch or more long, 6-8 lines in diameter.

32. P. villosa (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); twigs scabrous and pilose ;

leaves mostly alternate, linear, obtuse, flat, thick, nerveless, on both

sides rigidly pilose with swollen, jointed hairs; heads terminal, solitary,

sessile, many-fl., ovato-globose ; invol. scales appressed, glabrous, broadly

oblong, very obtuse, membrane-edged, the inner equalling the dise,

scarious and undulate at apex; achenes densely hairy, with a short,

thick neck. Thunb. / Cap. p. 631.

Has. Hantum and Carroo below Bockland, Thunberg’ (Herb. Thunb.)

A scrubby, fiexuous bush, a foot or so in height. Pubescence very coarse and

rough. Leaves }-1 inch long, 1 line wide, by Thunberg said to be ‘‘ opposite,” but

106 & COMPOSIT2 (Harv.) ~ [Pteronia.

on his own specimen they are alternate. The young leaves are bristly all over, the

older more or less glabrate and ciliate: but very few remain on the only specimen

I have seen,

33. P. callosa (DC. 1. c. 362); “glabrous, much-branched ; leaves

linear, thickish, subobtuse, very entire, not ciliate, indistinctly-nerved ;

heads terminal, solitary, sessile, about 15-fl.; inv. oval-oblong, scales

appressed, delicately and softly ciliate, obtuse and callous at the apex.

DC.

Has. Zwart-Ruggens, on the Karroo, Drege. ¢ $

“‘ Suffrutex, 6 inches high. Leaves 5-7 lines long, scarcely more than } line wide.

Heads 9 lines long. Inv. pale-greenish, more intensely coloured at the tips of the

seales. Cor. yellow. Achenes very villous, compressed, shortly beaked. Recept.

nearly concave, areolate, shortly honeycombed.”—DC, Unknown tome. It seems

to come very near the following.

34, P. mucronata (DC. 1. c. 362); glabrous, much-branched ; leaves

opposite, connate at base, crowded, linear, bluntly-keeled, fleshy, obtuse,

rigidly-ciliolate; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 12-1 5-fl.; invol. oval-

oblong, somewhat viscid, scales appressed, horny-membranous, broadly

oblong, with a sharp, often patent mucro, and lacerate-ciliate margin.

Has. Zwart-Ruggens, on the Karroo, 2~3000 ft., Drege! Bitterfontyn, Zey./ 817.

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) : es

A scrubby, flexuous, small, intricately branched shrub. Leaves 3-8 lines long,

4 line wide, sometimes scabrous at back. Heads 7-8 lines long, 3-4 lines wide.

Fl. yellow. Achenes densely villous.

35. P. turbinata (DC. 1. c. 362); glabrous, much-branched ; leaves

sub-opposite, distinct at base, crowded, linear, thickish, rownd-backed,

obtuse, quite entire, the upper smaller; heads terminal, solitary, sessile,

about 15-fl.; invol. oval-oblong, slightly viscidulous, scales appressed,

horny, oval-oblong, obtuse, silky-ciliate.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege? (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A small, rigid scrub, intricately branched and flexuous. Leaves 4~s lines long,

4 line wide, not strictly opposite, though very nearly so, very close-placed. Invol.

scales rigid and opaque, pale. Our specimens from Drege do not quite accord with

DC.’s description.

36. P. lencoloma (DC. 1. c. 362); “glabrous; leaves opposite, sessile,

orbicular or oval, very entire, 1-nerved ; heads terminal, solitary, ses-

sile, many-fl.; invol. cylindrical, scales appressed, obtuse, with a white,

very entire, scarious margin.” DC.

Has. Kamiesherg, Drege.

** Leaves 2-3 lines long, 2 lines wide, longer than the upper internodes. Heads

10 lines long, 4~5 lines diameter. Achenes compressed, very hairy, with a short

glabrous beak.”—-DC. Unknown to me. se

37. P. cylindracea (DC. 1. c. 363); “glabrous; leaves opposite,

crowded on the ramuli, spreading, lin,-trigonous, slightly hook-pointed,

subobtuse ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, cylindrical; inv. scales

appressed, broadly ovate, with membranous, ciliate-lacerate margins,

and mostly tipped with a callous mucro.” DO.

Has. In the neighbourhood of the Gariep, Burchell, Cat. 1603. (fide DC.)

Pteronia.]} COMPOSITE (Harv.) 107 ©

“« Leaves subglaucous, 3 lines long. Heads 10 lines long, 3 1. wide, 9-fi. Ovary

compressed, sparsely hairy, contracted under the pappus.”—DC. Unknown to me.

38. P. tennifolia (DC. 1. c. 363); glabrous; stems ascending-erect,

subsimple or branched, suffruticose ; leaves opposite, elongate, filiform-

subulate, channelled, entire, acute; heads terminal, solitary, sub-pedun-

culate, 8-12-f1.; invol. oval-oblong, scales close-pressed, glabrous, broadly

oblong, very obtuse, opaque and rigid, with a very narrow, serrulate-

lacerate margin ; achenes compressed, hairy, minutely rostrate,

Has. Near Caledon, £. Z./ (Herb. Sond., D.)

6-12 inches high, either with several simple stems, or branched below, with several

erect, simple branches, each bearing afl. head. Leaves 1~14 inch long, 4 line wide,

very erect, longer than the internodes. Heads 8-10 lines long, 3~5 lines in diam.

Pappus rufous.

39. P. quinqueflora (DC. 1. c. 363); shrubby; twigs slender, rod-

like, minutely canescent, becoming glabrate ; leaves opposite, oblong-

linear, subacute, flat, thickish, nerved at back, grey, the younger ca-

nescent with very minute, powdery, appressed hairs; heads at the ends

of the branches, solitary or in threes, very shortly pedunculate or sub-

sessile, 5-flowered ; invol. oval-oblong, scales ovate, acute, 1-nerved,

submucronulate, powdery-canescent in the middle, with a broad, mem-

branous, glabrous, subciliate margin; achenes compressed, hairy.

Has. Graaf Reynet, £. Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

8-12 inches high, woody below. Internodes on the branches an inch or more

apart. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1-14 lines wide, spreading. Heads about 3 inch long.

Invol. glaucous.

40. P. leptospermoides (DC. 1. c. 363); glabrous, much branched,

slender ; leaves opposite, distinct at base, minutely woolly in the axit,

crowded, linear, subacute, narrowed to the base, thickish, round-backed,

quite entire, punctate; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, 6-7-

flowered ; invol. glabrous, dry, scales horny, lanceolate-oblong, acute,

quite entire.

Has. Zilverfontein, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A slender, twiggy bush, with opposite, short twigs. Leaves 6-7 lines , not

a line wide, the base on the inside covered with short, white wocl. Invol. 7-8 lines

long, 2-3 lines in diameter, pale testaceous. Achenes sparingly pilose.

41. P. leptolepis (DC. 1. c. 363) ; twigs canescent; leaves opposite,

densely crowded at the ends of the twigs, linear-oblong, obtuse, thick-

ish, flattish, canescent, nerveless but slightly keeled ; heads solitary,

terminal, sessile, 5~7-fl. ; inv. scales loosely imbricated, linear-oblong,

1-nerved, obtuse, dry, rigid, with a very narrow, membranous, torn

margin ; achenes villous. P. oppositifolia, L. M.! in Hb. Drege (non L.).

Has. Zwart Ruggens in the Karroo, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

A very small, much-branched ramulous bush ; twigs short and curved. Leaves

2-3 lines long, not 1 line wide. Heads 3-5 lines long, in 4~5 rows, obconic.

42. P. glauca (Thunb.! Cap. 631); much branched; twigs and foli-

age minutely and thinly canescent ; leaves opposite, crowded, linear-

oblong, short, thick, somewhat keeled, obtuse, entire ; heads terminal,

108 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Pteronia.

solitary, cylindr., 4-7-fl.; invol. scales broadly ovate, acute, appressed,

3-5-nerved, dorsally downy, ciliolate. P. latisquama, DC. l. c. 363.

Has. Hantum, Thunberg! Kamiesberg and Onder Bottkeveld, Drege/ (Herb.

Th., D., Hk.) ee

Scrubby, depressed, rigid, and small. Twigs very short and closely leafy ; 0

branches glabrous. Invol. either pale-horny, or the scales glaucous-green at back,

with horny edges. I find 7 fl. in some heads.

43. P. empetrifolia (DC. 1. c. 363); very dwarf, ramulous, glabrous,

viscidulous; leaves opposite, densely crowded on the short twigs, spread-

ing, linear, keeled, flattish above or channelled, obtuse, thick, entire ;

heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong-turbinate, many-fl. ; inv.-scales

oblong, appressed, obtuse, opaque, horny, with a very narrow ciliate-

lacerate margin ; achenes villous.

Has. Cape, Drege! no station given. (Herb. Sond.)

A very dwarf plant, 3-4 inches high. Internodes scarcely a line long. Leaves

1-1} lines long. Heads 7 lines long. Inv. yellowish. FL purplish. I have only

seen a fragment,

44. P. heterocarpa (DC. 1. c. 364); glabrous, decumbent ; leaves

opposite, connate, woolly internally at base, linear-elongate, obtuse,

entire, fleshy ; heads term., solitary, sessile, campanulate, many-fl. ;

invol. (shorter than the uppermost leaves) glabrous, dry, scales oval-

oblong, obtuse, with a wide, membranous, lacerate margin ; outer

achenes hirsute, inner quite glabrous.

Has. Olifants R., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) :

This looks like a salt-marsh plant, and is much less woody than most other species.

Lower leaf-pairs distant, upper approximate. Lys. 1-1} inch long, 1-1} line wide.

Heads 8-9 lines long and wide. Pappus foxy.

45. P. viscosa (Thunb.! Cap. 632); divaricately much-branched ;

twigs glabrous ; leaves opposite, but not connate, oblong or ovate-oblong,

obtuse or acute, thick, flattish, with a medial furrow beneath, either

rigidly ciliate, or sparsely bristly on one or both sides, or quite glabrous;

heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, several-flowered ; inv.-scales

viscid, appressed, horny, the outer ovate-oblong, acute, the inner ob-

longo-lanceolate ; achenes compressed, sparsely hispid. Pt. viscosa, litt.

b., Herb. Drege !

Has. Hantum, Thunberg/ Zwart Ruggens, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk.)

A very rigid, scrubby bush, 6-12 inches high; branches spreading widely. Leaves

3-4 lines long, 1-14 line wide, on the same branch varying as above noted. Invol.

uncial, the inner scales much longer and narrower than the outer, very acute, almost

acuminate. By its achene it is related to P. elongata, but has a very different

involucre.

46. P. elongata (Thunb. Cap. 631); twigs scabrous ; leaves opposite,

sessile, crowded, linear-trigonous, keeled, acute, the keel and margin

rigidly ciliate (or glabrous); heads terminal, sessile, obovoid, many-

flowered ; invol. glabrous, viscid, scales broadly oval or oblong, ap-

pressed, callous tipped, with a narrow, membranous, lacerate margin.

DC. 1. c. 362.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Uitenage, E. & Z.! Koega and Zondag R., Drege/ Bosch-

man’s R., Zey.! 2774. (Herb. Th. D., Sd., Hk. a

Pteronia. | COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 109

; This has quite the aspect of P. hirsuta B., but yellow flowers, kc. Leaves 3-4

lines long, 1 line wide, somewhat channelled above, with prominent keel. Heads

ae inch long, half an inch or more across. Achenes compressed, very sparingly

pilose.

47, P. stehelinoides (DC. 1. c. 364); much-branched, ramulous ;

twigs scabrous-echinulate ; leaves opposite, sessile, linear or linear-ob-

Jong, acute, rigid, keeled or infolded, rigidly ciliate on the margin (and

sometimes on keel and upper surface), glaucous ; heads terminal, soli-

tary, sessile, ovate-oblong, many-fl. ; inv.-scales at first powdery sca-

berulous, then glabrous, appressed, broadly oblong, obtuse or mucronu-

late, with a narrow, membranous and torn margin; achenes quite

glabrous, not glandular.

Var. B. stenocephala; fi.-heads narrower, with fewer flowers. (Hb. Sond.)

Has. Graaf Reynet, EZ. Z./ Drege! Karroo, and Namaqualand, £.Z.! (Herb.

Sond., D., Hk.

A rigid, scrubby bush, with large fi.-heads. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1 line wide.

Heads an inch long, 4 inch in diameter. Scales dry.

48. P. adenocarpa (Harv.); robust, much-branched ; twigs glabrous ;

leaves opposite, sessile, obovate-oblong, subacute, recurved at point,

spreading, thick, nerveless, rigidly ciliato-serrulate at the sub-reflexed

margin, glabrous; heads terminal, solitary, oblong, many-fl. ; inv.-scales

viscid, appressed, broadly oblong, very obtuse, opaque, entire, the edge

scarcely sub-membranous ; achenes compressed, covered with raised

glands, glabrous. PP. viscosa, DC. l.c. 364.

Has. Winterhoek, £. Z.! Betw. Zwarteberg and Aasvogelberg, Drege! Somer-

set, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

A rigid shrub, 1-2 f. high, with flexuous branches and often opposite twigs.

Leaves 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, scarcely connate at base, the younger balsamic.

Heads an inch long, 4 inch wide. Pappus fulvous. Achenes obovate, with a

marginal rib, glabrous, except a tuft of hairs at their base. Drege’s specimens

marked P. viscosa “a,” belong to this ; those marked ‘‘b” to Pi. viscosa, Th.

49. P. onobromoides (DC. Lc. 364); glabrous; leaves alternate,

closely approximate, sessile, sub-lanceolate-linear, elongate, concave

above, round-backed, rigidly ciliate at the margin; heads term., solitary,

sessile, ovate (Jarge), many-flowered ; invol. scales oval-oblong, very

obtuse, viscidulous, horny, appressed and quite entire; achenes glabrous,

glandular.

Has. Olifant’s R., Drege! Namaqualand, £.¢ Z.! Dr. Atherstone! Elandsberg,

and towards Verloren Vlay and near S, Helena Bay, Dr. Wallich! Vogel-fontyn,

Zey.! 816. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 feet high, the lower branches bare, rugose, the upper densely leafy. Lys. 14

inch long, 2-3 lines wide, acute, rather rigid, somewhat involute when dry. Heads

12-15 lines long, 10-12 1. wide. Pappus pale. ‘‘'The leaves are succulent and very

aromatic, used by the native Namaquas and Bastards as a perfume, mixed with fat,

under the name Buchu. It is called Sd) in the Namaqua language, and is dried and

collected for sale.” Dr. Atherstone.

50. P. scabra (Harv.); all parts closely rough with minute, harsh

points ; leaves mostly alternate (the lowest sometimes opposite), linear,

acute, sessile, thickish, flat, strongly-nerved, pale or glaucous; heads

terminal, solitary, sessile, ovate or oblong; invol. multiseriate, loosely

110 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) — [Pteronw.

imbricate, scales ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, opaque, with spread-

ing points, quite entire, scarcely or not at all margined; (flowers and

achenes not seen).

Has. Howhoek Pass, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.) :

Suffruticose or shrubby, erect, not much branched, the whole plant pale or greyish,

and rough like a file to the touch. Leaves 7-8 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads

(immature) about an inch long, and 4-5 lines wide at base, the scales with free points,

though closely imbricated. This seems to be a distinctly marked plant, but unfor-

tunately the only specimen I have seen is immature.

Sect. 3. Pterophorus. Heads many fl. Recept. fimbrilliferous. Achenes beakless,

plano-compressed, quite glabrous. Pappus concrete in a ring, sub-uniseriate.

51. P. camphorata (Linn. Sp. 1176); stem mostly scabrous ; leaves

scattered or tufted (rarely opposite), linear-filiform, acute, rigidly ciliate

or glabrous; heads terminal, solitary or sub-corymbose, sessile or on

nearly naked (very sparsely leafy) branches; invol. scales lanceolate,

acuminate, keeled, serrulato-ciliate, shorter or longer than the disc ;

recept. fimbriate and deeply pitted; achenes flattened, glabrous.

Var. a, armata ; stem very rough with simple or jointed hairs, or rough points ;

leaves rigidly ciliate and often bristly, 4-1 inch long; invol. shorter than disc. P.

camphorata, Thunb. Cap, 629, DC... 364. Lam. Ill. t. 667. F. 1. Zey./ 809 (ex pte-)

Var. 8. stricta; stem villous-hirsute ; leaves very densely crowded, uncial, ciliate

at base; invol. scales much acuminate, often longer than the dise. P. stricta, Att.

DC. tl. c. 364.

Var. y. longifolia; branches minutely-scabrous ; leaves 1-2 inches long, remotely

ciliate or glabrous, very densely crowded ; heads sessile, fl. branches corym) , leafy.

P. aspera, DC.! l.c. 364. Zey.1 2776.

Van. 8. aspera; branches minutely scabrous ; leaves 4—5 lines long, laxly scattered,

glabrous; fl. branches long and nearly bare of leaves ; invol. scales recurved-squarrose,

P. aspera, Thunb.! Cap. 631.

Var. e. levigata; branches and leaves quite glabrous and glossy ; leaves mostly

opposite! glabrous, 5-6 lines long. Zey.! 810,

Has. About Capetown andin the Western districts generally. §.Caledon, Mundt!

Zwarteberge, Drege! y. Stellenbosch and Swellendam, #.§7./ Paarl, Drege!

Banks of Erste Riv., W.H.H. Riv. Zonderende, Zey.! 5, only seen in Hb. Thunb.!

€, 24-rivers, Zey. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

A shrub, 1-3 feet high, much branched and twiggy, and usually closely covered

with filiform leaves ; but very variable in pubescence, and in the length and eters

of the leaves. Involucres constantly pale straw colour or horny, the scales rigid,

with a more or less developed reddish gland along the keel. I find no clear limits

between the four first varieties; var. e, by its opposite leaves and glabrous stems

and branches, has more character; but even on it the upper leaves are occasionally

scattered, and here and there may be seen a minute rough point.

Doubtful Species.

Pt. elegans (Sch. B, mss.); “glabrous; stem (in the only specimen

seen) one-headed, a span long, densely leafy; leaves opposite connate,

thick, linear trigonons, acute, sub-ensiform, 1-14 inch long, sometimes

with leaf-tufts; head 25-fl.; invol. 8 lines long, ovate-oblong, scales

5-seriate, appressed, ovate-oblong, rounded, viscid at back, obscurely

greenish-brown, towards the edge paler, and lacero-ciliate.” Walp. Rep-

2. P. 9]0-

Haz. Near Hemelendarde, Zwell.

Judging by the description this is probably only P. tenuifolia, DC.

Leptothamnus. | COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) 111

Sub-Tribe 2 BaccHaRIDEZ Heads (in the S. African genera) heterogamous, the

oe rar ee flowers pluriseriate, with filiform corollas, Anthers without tails.

en. 25-28).

XXV. LEPTOTHAMNUS, DC.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-f.. filiform, truncate or bi-dentate,

female, in one row; disc-fl. tubular, hermaphrodite, 5-toothed. Recept.

flat, naked, somewhat honeycombed. Jnvol. scales imbricate, acuminate,

in few rows. Style of ray bifid, with subulate branches ; of the disc

bifid, with flattened branches, and compressed, conical, pubescent

stigmas. Pappus bristle-shaped, deciduous, of the ray uniseriate, of

the dise sub-biseriate (?) or at least more copious. Achenes obovate-

oblong, compressed, silky (of ray and disc both ovuliferous). DC. Prod.

5) 397.

Slender suffrutices. Leaves scattered, linear-subulate, prominently nerved below,

rigidly ciliate. Branches ending in simple, t-headed peduncles, Flowers yellow,

turning red above. Name from Aemros, slender, and @auvos, a shrub.

Leaves closely-set, imbricating ... ... ... .. «+ «. « (1) ciliaris.

Teavesfewand distant ... 0.0... s0- +0 eee vee eee (2) Yarifolius,

1. L. ciliaris (DC. 1. c.) ; stems branched from the base ; leaves

closely placed, ¢mbricating ; ray-flowers very slender, minutely bidentate.

Burch. Cat. 1839 and 2512.

Has. Beyond the Gariep at Klaarwater and Kosifontein, Burchell; Klipplaat R.,

Drege; Wolvekop, Burke § Zey.! Zulu-land, Miss Owen! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root very thick and woody ; many subsimple stems rising from the crown, 6-10

inches high, erect. Leaves 3-6 lines long, 4 line wide, strongly ciliate, very erect

and closely imbricating. Peduncles 1-2 inches long, minutely bristly. Inv. scales

glabrous, linear-lanceolate, acute, bistriate. I find no difference in the achenes of

dise and ray, both are silky.

2. L. rarifolius (Turez. Bull. Mose. xxiv. 2,p.65); stems simple below,

corymbose above, angular-striate; leaves few, distantly scattered, much

shorter than the internodes; ray-fl. swb-ligulate, shortly bifid. Walp. An.

5; P» 195- :

Has. Magalisberg, Burke Zeyher! 802 (also 103). (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Root woody. Stems 15-18 inches high, simple from 4—6 inches above the base,

then corymbose, with several long, erect branches. Leaves 1-14 inch apart, each

leaf 4-6 lines long, close-pressed, less strongly ciliate than in L. ciliaris.

XXVI. CONYZA, Less.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous, all the fl. tubular; marginal fl. female,

in many rows, with very slender, filiform, truncate or 2-3-toothed

corollas; central few, male, tubular, 5-toothed. ecept. flat or convex,

naked or fimbrilliferous. Znzol. scales in many rows. Anth. without

tails. Achenes flattened, mostly glabrous, narrowed at base. Pappus

uniseriate, of slender, scarcely rough bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 377.

' Herbaceous or suffruticose plants, almost all from the Eastern hemisphere. Stems

erect, terete, branched. ‘Leaves various, often toothed or incised. Heads peduncu-

late, corymbose or panicled. Flowers yellow. Pappus rufescent. Differs from

Nidorella by its filiform (not shortly ligulate) marginal flowers. Name from rwvey,

a gnat; said to drive away gnats!

112 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Conyza.

Stem herbaceous, simple or branched; heads laxly corymbose or subsolitary.

Lys. sub-glabrous, clasping, oblong, remotely denticulate (1) Caffra.

Lvs. scabrid, obovate-cuneate, coarsely toothed ; pedunc.

ESS See ey et er eee ae ee ee eee podocephala.

Lvs. (cauline) sessile, pinnatifid: the lobes shortly oblong: :

Pubescence scanty; stems weak and laxly leafy ... (3) pinnatilobata.

Pubescence copious; stems robust... ......--. (4) obscura.

Lys. pinnati-partite, hairy, lobes lanceol.-linear ... ... (5) pinnatifida.

Lvs. (cauline) petioled, eared at base, ovate, toothed, :

gland-pabesatns < oo oS was re ee ee ee (0) incisa.

Lys. sessile, oval, mucronate, entire, hispid-villous ... (7) pusilla.

Stem shrubby, with rodlike branches ; heads densely corymbose.

Lys. petiolate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, serrate :

Leaves glabrous, and exuding gum copiously ..._ (8) iveefolia.

Lys. scabrido-puberulous, scarcely gummy ... ... (9) ivefolia £.

Lys. (and stems) glabrous, subsessile, oblong-lanceolate,

with the midrib beneath prominent and pale .., ... (9) costata,

1. C. Caffra (DC.1. c. 381); stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous or his-

pidulous; leaves half-clasping, oblong tongue-shaped, subobtuse, mucro-

nulate, remotely calloso-denticulate, membranaceous, glabrous on both

sides or scaberulous ; pedune. loosely corymbose, softly hairy ; invol.-

scales linear-subulate, softly pubescent, equalling the disc; male fl.

about 25, hairy at the summit, fem. innumerable, filiform; recept. flat,

naked. C. (Blumea) Natalensis, Sch. Bip.! in Wal. Rep. 2, p.971-

Has. Near the Key R., Drege / Natal, 7. Williamson! Krauss! 227. Gerr. and

M‘K. 313. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Hk, Sd.)

One and a half to 2 f. high: stems simple below, corymbose above. Leaves

13-2} inches long, 4-6 lines wide, the teeth minute or obsolete. Heads 5-8 in each

, 5-6 lines across. :

2. C. podocephala (DC. 1. c. 387); stem scarcely woody at base, erect

or ascending, herbaceous, sparsely setose; leaves obovate, cuneate at base,

the lower ones tapering into a petiole, coarsely toothed above the middle,

sparsely scabrido-hispid, the uppermost depauperated ; branches naked

at the summit, 1-headed, thinly hispid ; invol.-scales linear-subulate,

glabrescent, equalling the disc ; male fl. numerous, glabrous, fem. in-

numerable ; recept. honeycombed and toothed.

Has. At Zw. S i O7»

essere ol te and Witbergen, Drege! Caledon R., Burke and Zey.! 807

Many-stemmed, diffuse, 1-2 f. high, harsh to the touch. Lower leaves 2}, uppeT

1-14 inches long, 3-6 lines wide, the teeth broad and shallow, blunt or sharp.

Pedunc. 3-8 inches long, with 2-3 distant bracts.

3. C. pinnatilobata (DC. 1.c. 387); stem erect or diffuse, herbaceous,

weak, sparsely setulose or glabrous ; radical and lower leaves petioled,

cauline sessile, half-clasping, all scaberulous, sparsely-hispidulous or

subglabrous, pinnatifid, the lobes shortly oblong or cultrate, toothed

or entire, subacute, scabrous on the edge and nerves ; heads loosely

corymbulose, pedunc. pubescent ; invol.-scales glabrescent; male fl.

30-40, glabrous, fem. innumerable; recept. honeycombed and toothed.

pinnatum, L.f. Thunb.! Cap. 666. Baccharis leucanthemifolia,

Burm. C. obscura, 8. calvescens, DC. 1. ¢. 387 (ex pte.)

Has. Cape, Thunb., Burchell, gc. Kochmans Kloof, Mundt! Zwartkops R.,

Conyza. | COMPOSITA (Haryv.) 113

Zey.! 2780. Natal, Miss Owen/ CGueinz./ 321. Gerr. and M‘K., 318. Detroit’s

kloof and Paarl, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd

Stems 2 f. or more in height, weak, soon broken. Lower leaves (including petiole)

3-4 inches long, upper 1-2} inches, the incisions not reaching the midrib. Heads

numerous, 4-5 lines across, Achenes compressed.

4, C. obscura (DC. 1. c. 387); herbaceous, all parts clothed with

spreading, white hairs ; leaves half-clasping, narrowed at base, oblong,

pinnatifid, the lobes shortly oblong, toothed or entire, subacute; heads

_corymbose ; invol.-scales hairy ; achenes hispidulous ; recept. naked.

C. obscura, DC. Conyza, 2779, Zey.!

Var. B. calvescens (DC. ex pte); lower leaves hairy, the upper and the stems

scabrous. DC. 1. c.

Has. Districts of Uitenhage, Albany and Kaffraria, Drege! E. Z.! Somerset,

Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A stronger growing plant than C. pinnatilobata, of which it has nearly the foliage,

and from which it chiefly differs in its copious pubescence ; in this latter character

it agrees with C. pinnatifida. Some of Drege’s distributed specimens of var. 8.

belong to C. pinnatilobata.

5. C. pinnatifida (Less. Syn. 204); herbaceous, all parts densely

clothed with spreading, white hairs; cauline leaves pinnate-parted, the

lobes lanceolate-linear, obtuse, spreading, entire or few toothed ; heads

2-3 at the ends of the branches; invol.-scales hairy ; achenes downy.

DC. 1. ¢. 387. Erigeron pinnatifidum, Th.! Cap. 666.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Stellenbosch, Ecklon! Estuary of the Kowie, H. Hutton!

Betw. Omtendo and Omsamculo, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Th.)

Stems loosely branched, all parts very hairy. Leaves 1-2} inches long. ; their

lobes 5-6 lines long, 1-13 wide, narrowed at base, nearly horizontal.

6. C. incisa (Ait. Kew, 3, p. 184) ; stem herbaceous, branched, pu-

bescent ; cauline leaves petiolate, the petiole eared (as if stipuled) at

base, ovate, oblong or subcordate, coarsely toothed, on both sides glan-

duloso-pubescent ; heads loosely corymbose ; invol.-scales puberulous ;

achenes glabrous ; recept. honeycombed and toothed. DC. 1. c. 387.

Erig. incisum, Th. Cap. 666. Erig. hirtum, Th.! Cap.665. Zey.! 2778.

Has. Distr. of Stellenbosch, Tulbagh, Clan-William and Uitenhage, Thunb.,

E. Z.! Drege! ge. Natal, Gerr. and M‘K., 338, 339. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Diffusely much branched, glandular and somewhat viscid, shortly, but fully

pubescent. The ear-shaped bases of the petioles are sometimes very small or obso-

lete, and sometimes there is an additional pair, higher up on the petiole. Leaves

1-2 in. long, $-1 in. broad, Axils obtuse ; branches spreading, curved upwards.

7. C. pusilla (Houtt. Hist. Nat. x. bl. 618, t. €9, f 1); “ hispid-

villous, cinereous, herbaceous, branched; upper leaves sessile, oval,

mucronate, either quite entire or with 1-2 apical, point-like teeth, 3-

nerved at base; pedicels 1-flowered, as long as the leaves, laxly race-

mose; iny. scales linear, acuminate, puberulous, at length reflexed.”

DC. toe. 3866 -

Has. Cape. (Unknown to us),

8. C. iveefolia (Less. Linn. 1831, p. 138); shrubby, much branched ;

branches terete, puberulous ; lvs. lanceolate, acute or acuminate, taper-

ing at base into a short petiole, sharply serrate, 3-nerved at base, glabrous,

VOL, ILL. 8

114 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Dichrocephala.

viscidulous; corymb. compound, many-headed ; inv. scales broadly

linear, obtuse, glabrous. DC. 1. c. 388. Baccharis ivefolia, Linn. Thunb.!

Cap. 666.

Var. 6, seabrida; Jeaves (as well as stems) densely scabrido-puberulous, 3-nerved

at base, and also somewhat penninerved as well as netted-veined. C. scabrida, DC.

l. c. 387.

Has. Throughout the Colony, and onto Natal. Var. B, at Uitenhage, Z. Z./

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd., Th.)

A much-branched under-shrub, 2-3 feet high and more, densely leafy, and exud-

ing resinous matter. Leaves distinctly petioled, 13-3 inches long, 3-1 inch wide,

with callous-tipped serratures. Heads very numerous, smaller than in the other

species. Var. 8 is by no means constant to its characters, and grows in localities

where a is alsocommon. I cannot keep it apart specifically.

9. C. (2) costata (Harv.); quite glabrous, shrubby; branches rod-

like, rib-striate ; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, acute, sessile or nearly so,

obtuse or acute at base, sharply serrate, the midrib beneath very promi-

nent and thick (pale) ; the lateral veins netted, immersed; inflorescence

unknown.

Has. Magalisberg, Zeyher / (Herb. Sond.)

This has strongly the aspect of C. ivefolia, but can hardly be a variety of it. It

may not even be a Conyza, but as it is a remarkable-looking plant, from a famous

locality, Iam unwilling to omit it altogether. It may perhaps be a Nidorella, near

N. conyzoides.

[Doubtful genus—probably a Conyza.]

Wess, C. H. Schultz, Bip.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous, all the flowers tubular ; those of the circumference

filiform, in many rows, slender, truncate, female ; of the centre numerous, hermaphro-

dite, 5-toothed. Jnv. imbricate, the scales acuminate, hairy. Recept. honeycombed, -

the cells toothed. -Anthers without tails. Achenes of the female fi. glabrous, flat-

tened, margined ; of the disc terete-compressed, margined. Pappus in the marginal

fl. uniseriate, of scabrous bristles ; of the disc biseriate, bristle-shaped, the outer very

short, inner of 15-16 barbellate bristles. Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 971.

Named in honour of Phillip Barker Webb, author of a Nat. Hist. of the Canary

Islands, and other works. It is to be regretted that the name of so distinguished a

naturalist should have been bestowed on this obscure and weed-like plant. Does it

really differ from Conyza ?

1. W. Kraussii (Sch. B. 1. c.). Conyza Kraussii, Sch. B. MSS.

Has. Cape, Krauss. (Unknown to me.)

Said to be a hairy, subcanescent suffrutex, ascending-erect, 1 foot high, densely

a ioe Leaves alternate, linear, inch long, 1 line wide, distantly toothed ;

teeth 1-2 lines

long, 1 line wide, hairy-strigose, often with leaf-tufts. Heads

corymbose, hemispherical, erect ; fl. yellow.—I have abridged the author’s long

description above quoted. Of the plant intended to be indicated I know nothing-

XXVIII DICHROCEPHALA, DC.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous, all the fl. tubular; marginal-fl. female,

in many rows, 3—4-toothed, slender; central by abortion male, few,

campanulate, 4-toothed. Recept. naked, conical. Jnvol. expanded,

nearly uniserial, the scales ovate, subequal. Style included. Achenes

compressed, without beak, the marginal without pappus, the central

each with 1-2 bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 371.

Brachylena.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 115

Annuals, natives of the warmer parts of Asia and Africa. Leaves alternate,

toothed. Heads globose, small, in racemes or panicles. Name apparently from

dis, twice; xpow, to colowr, and kepadn, a head.

_L. D, latifolia (DC. 1. c. 372) ; stem diffuse or ascending, sparingly

pilose ; leaves ovate, on winged petioles or lyrato-pinnatifid, with an

ovate terminal lobe and one or two pair of small lateral lobes, coarsely

toothed, membranous, sparsely setulose or glabrous ; heads on longish

pedicels, in terminal racemes, Also D. Capensis and D. sonchifolia, DC.!

Lthulia auriculata, Thunb.! Cap. 623. Centipeda Capensis, Less. Syn.

201.

Has. Cape, Thunberg. Eastern Districts, Burchell. Natal, Gueinzius! 347. T.

Cooper! 1206. (Herb. Sd., Th., D.)

A coarse, weedy annual, 6-12 inches or in rich soil more in length. Leaves

tapering at base into winged petioles, the lamina 1-2 inches long, 3-14 inches wide.

Heads as large as peas. Female corollas very minute.

XXVIII. SPHHRANTHUS, Vaill.

Heads crowded into a globose glomerule (or compound-head) sur-

rounded by a common involucre ; each partial head sessile in the axil

of a bract, on a convex common-receptacle. Partial heads few-flowered,

moneecious, all the fl. tubular; female filiform, 3-toothed, subdilated

and indurated at base; males swollen, 5-toothed, with abortive styles.

Partial recept. nude. Partial invol. of several close-pressed, imbri-

cated scales ; genl. various. Anth. without tails. Styles of female fi.

shortly bifid; of males undivided. Achenes without pappus, not beaked,

pilose or glabrous. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 369.

Tropical and subtropical herbs, Asiatic and African. Leaves decurrent, serrate

or subentire. Peduncles terminal or opposite the lobes. Name, from o@aipa, a

sphere, and avéos, a flower.

1. §. peduncularis (DC. 1. c. 370); scaberulous ; leaves broadly

linear, acute, serrate, decurrent in long, narrow, serrate wings along the

stem ; peduncles as long as the leaves or longer, terete; glomerule

globose, subtended by broadly ovate, mucronate, invol.-bracts.

Has. Near Natal, Drege! T. Williamson! Krauss! 224. Gerr. § M‘K., 355

Kreili’s Country, near Butterworth, #. Bowker! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root perennial. Stems 1-2 f. long, erect or diffusely branched, the branches

spreading. Leaves 13-23 inches long, 2-3 lines wide. Flowers purplish.

Sub-tribe 3. TarcHonanTHEs. ‘Heads (in the S. African genera) dicecious ;

flowers tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers tailed at base. (Gen. XXIX,—XXX.)

XXIX. BRACHYLANA, R. Br.

Heads many fl., dicecious. Recept. naked. Jnvo/. scales imbricated,

dry, shorter than the flowers. Cor, tubular, unequally 5—toothed.

Malefl.: anth. tailed at base, connate, exserted. Style filiform, simple.

Ovary hispid, abortive, sparingly pappous. Fem. fl.: anth. abortive,

separate. Style bifid, the branches short and broad. <Achenes glandular-

pubescent. Pappus in two rows of rough bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 430.

Strongly scented shrubs or small trees, natives of S. Africa. Leaves alternate,

coriaceous, shortly petiolate, entire or toothed, glabrate above, often tomentose

beneath. Heads in branching racemes or panicles. Fl. yellow. Name from Spayus,

short, and xAawa, a cloak, alluding to the invol. shorter than the flowers. -

116 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [| Brachylena.

Adult leaves glabrous on both sides or nearly so : Bee

Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ... ... ... ... --- (1) nereifolia.

Lvs. oblong or lanceol.-oblong, cuneate at base, subacute... (2) dentata.

Adult leaves above glabrous, beneath densely tomentose :

Lys. oval or oblong, subentire, mucronate; infl. axillary ... (3) racemosa.

Lys. oblong or cuneate-oblong, toothed, simple or lobulate ; ae

male infl. panicled, the inv.-scales glabrous, in few rows (4) elliptica.

Lys. oval-obovate, obtuse, repand or denticulate; male infl. :

panicled, the inv.-scales woolly-edged in many rows... (5) discolor.

1. B. nereifolia (R. Br.); leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute

or acuminate, very entire (or sharply few-toothed near the apex), the

young ones rusty beneath, the adult quite glabrous. DC. /. ¢. 430.

Baccharis nereifolia, Linn. Tarchonanthus lanceolatus, Th.! Cap. 638.

T. dentatus, Eckl. Zey.! 2784.

Has. Western Districts generally. Swellendam, Mundt, and Plettenberg’s Bay,

Pappe! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

A large, leafy shrub, with leaves like those of Oleander. Leaves 4-§ inches long,

3 in. to Z in. wide, mostly quite entire. Young leaves and inflorescence rusty with

minute powder. Invol.-scales broadly ovate, longitudinally striate.

2. B. dentata (Less.! non DC.); leaves oblong or lanceol.-oblong,

cuneate at base, subacute, very entire or sinuate-toothed near the apex,

the young ones rusty beneath, the adult at length nearly glabrate.

Tarch. dentatus, Thunbd.! Cap. 638. Br. grandifolia, DC.! 1. ¢. 430°.

. Has. Eastern Districts. Zuureberg, Alexandria, Drege! Vanstaadensberg, Uit.,

Zey.! 2785. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very similar to B. nereifolia but with much broader, proportionably shorter and

blunter leaves, and (apparently) quite an eastern plant. Leaves 3-4 inches long,

1-1} in. wide. FI. heads similar to those of B. nereifolia.

3. B. racemosa (Less.! Syn. 208) ; leaves elliptical or oblong, entire

- or denticulate, mucronate, glabrous and netted above, tomentose beneath;

racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves, few-headed ;

invol, nearly glabrous. DC. l.c. 430. Tarchon. racemosus, Thunb. ! Cap.

638. Zey./ 2787.

Has. Distr. of Uitenhage and Albany, Thunb., Drege, E. Z., &c. Weenen Country,

Natal, Dr. Sutherland! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A rigid, divaricately branched shrub. Leaves 1-1} inches long, 4-7 lines wide.

Invol.-scales varying from ovate to oblong, blunt. The tomentum on the under

sides of the leaves varies from whitish, to fulvous or ferruginous.

4. B. elliptica (Less. Syn. 208); leaves oblong, linear-oblong or

cuneate-oblong, mostly cuneate at base, often shortly 3-lobed at the

summit, denticulate, sinuato-dentate or subentire at the margin, gla-

brous and netted above, whitish tomentose beneath, undulate; racemes

of both sexes in a terminal thyrsus; male invol. nearly glabrous, the

scales in few rows, broadly ovate. arch. ellipticus, Thunb.! Cap. 638.

Zey.! 2786. Br. dentata, DC. 1. ¢. 430 (non Less.!)

Vaz. , salicina (DC. 1. c.) ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, ly denticulate,

evidently penninerved beneath. ae ie <

Has. Districts of Uitenhage, Albany and Br. Kaffraria, Thund., E.Z.! Drege!

§c. Olifant’s Hoek, Pappe! Natal, Gerr. and M‘Ken, . Br. Kaffraria, Ecklon!

Omtata and ene og Paleo: (Herb, Eh... Do ik? sa: <

A much-branched shrub. Leaves very variable in shape and comparative width ;

Tarchonanthus. | COMPOSITZ (Haryv.) 117

14-34 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, except in var. 8. (whose female flowers are still

unknown) tapering much to the base. The nervature is sometimes obvious, some-

times nearly hidden,

5. B. discolor (DC. 1. c. 430); leaves elliptical or elliptic-obovate,

obtuse or subacute, repand-toothed or denticulate, cuneate at base, gla-

brous and glossy above, whitish tomentose and strongly penninerved

beneath ; racemes axillary and terminal, the males forming a thyrsus

or panicle; invol. turbinate, scales in many rows, woolly at the edges,

the inner scales of the female invol. lanceolate, glabrous. B. Natalensis,

Sch. Bip., in Hb. Krauss, 243.

Has. Uitenhage, Burchell, FE. Z.! Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber. Natal, Drege,

eT = and M‘K. 348. Delagoa Bay, Forbes! Karrega R., Zey.! 2783. (Hb.

‘A large shrub or small tree, 15-20 f. high. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 1-14 in.

wide. FI. dirty yellowish white. ‘The Dutch prepare an alkali from the ashes,

for the manufacture of soap.” Mr. Gerrard.

Imperfectly known species.

B.?? uniflora (Harv.); female fl. heads 1-flowered, spicato-panicu-

late, subsessile ; invol.-scales at first cobwebby, then glabrous, lanceo-

late, sub-acute, keeled, dark brown ; pappus white ; eaves unknown.

Has. Natal, on Mt. ranges 2000-3500 f., from 30-60 miles from the sea, Dr.

Sutherland! (Herb. Hook.) ;

A scrap of female inflorescence, without leaves, is all that we yet know of this

plant, which, whether a Brachylena or not, seems to have marked characters.

Excluded from the genus.

B. trinervia (Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 63).

XXX. TARCHONANTHUS, L.

Heads dicecious, few or several-fl. (rarely one-fl.). Znvol. of the male

fl. of 5 scales, connate to their middle; of the female, of many separate

scales, in a double row. ecept. hairy. Cor. tubular-campanulate,

5-toothed, externally hairy and viscid, glabrous within. dale fi. :

anthers exserted, connate, with long, setose tails, and glabrous filaments.

Ovary abortive. Nectary (within the corolla) of large size, callous,

hollow at top, simulating an ovary; style filiform, scarcely 2-lobed at

the point. Female: stam. abortive. Nect.none. Style exserted, bifid ;

the lobes revolute. Achene very woolly, without pappus. DC. Prodr.

5» DP» 431.

Strongly resin-scented S. African shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, coriaceous,

netted-veined and at length glabrous above, tomentose beneath. Heads small, in

terminal and axillary panicles, rarely subsolitary and axillary. Name from tapxos,

pl. rapxea, funeral-rites, and avos, a flower.

Sub. gen. 1. EvrarcHoyantuus. Fem. fl.-heads 3-5-flowered, with broadly-

ovate inv.-scales. Achenes very woolly.—Leaves undivided.—(Sp. 1-2).

Leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering at base, 3-5 inches

long ; fi. panicled Jrez eerie as

Lvs. 1-14 inch long, oblong or obovate ; fl.-heads sub-

politary OF YaCOMONG 46. ese.

(1) camphoratus.

(2) minor,

118 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) | Denekia.

Sub. gen. 2, Henorocyna. Fem. fi.-heads one-flowered, with linear inv.-scales.

Achenes sparingly woolly.—Leaves rugose, 3-lobed at the summit.

Lys. 5-7 inches long, trifid; panicles axillary, shorter

than leaves (3) trilobus.

Sub. gen. 1. EuraRcHONANTHUS. (Sp. 1-2).

1. T. camphoratus (Linn. Sp. 1179); leaves lanceolate-oblong (or

obovate), acute at base, subacute or obtuse at apex, quite entire or

denticulate, the adult glabrous and tessellato-reticulate above, tomentose

and penninerved beneath ; panicle terminal, many-headed. DC. 4. .

431. Th.! Cap. 637. Lam. Ill, t. 671.

Var. 8. Litakunensis; leaves pitted-reticulate above. 7’. Litakunensis, DC. 1. ¢.

Zey.! 829.

Has. Throughout the Colony, common. £8. Litaku, Burch. Rhinoster Kopf,

Burke! Omsamculo, Drege! Hopetown, A. Wyley! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A large shrub, with a strong, balsamic odour. Leaves 3-5 inches long, $-15 I.

wide, the young ones densely velvetty above, the old glabrate and finely reticulate,

the reticulations either flat or hollow in the middle, as if pitted. I cannot distinguish

T. Litakwnensis, so far as Drege’s specimens are authority. ‘The pitted and non-

pitted reticulation varies in the same specimen, and seems to arise either from some

condition of the leaf, or irregularity in drying. The leaves also vary much in size.

2. T. minor (Less. Syn. p. 208); leaves (small) obovate, oblong, or

linear-oblong, obtuse, entire, the adult glabrous and tessellated above,

thickly tomentose, and indistinctly nerved or nerveless beneath; heads

axillary and terminal, either solitary or shortly racemose, the racemes

few-headed.—7’, obovatus, DC. and angustissimus, DC. l. c. 435.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell. Zuureberg and Nieuweveld, Drege’ Albany

and Tambukiland, Ecklon! Zululand, Miss Owen! Cape, Bowie! Basutuland, 7.

Cooper! 708. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Smaller in all parts than 7. camphoratus, with fewer fi.-heads and less branching

inflorescence ; but possibly merely a dwarf variety. Leaves commonly 1-14 inch

long, 3-5 lines wide. The fi.-heads are similar to those of 7’. camphoratus, and are

‘sometimes sessile, or subsessile, sometimes distinctly pedicellate, the pedicel 2-4

lines long. I find the leaves to vary in form on the same specimen.

Sub. gen. 2. Henotocyna, DC. (Sp. 3).

3. T. trilobus (DC. 1. c. 432); leaves cuneate, shortly 3-lobed at the

abrupt summit, sinuato-dentate at the sides, becoming glabrous and

corrugated above, penninerved, reticulated and hirsuto-tomentose be-

neath ; panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves; scales of the fem.

invol. linear, elongate.

Has. Omtendo, Drege! Port Natal, Gueinzius! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.,)

Branches bare of leaves below, closely leafy at the summit. Leaves petioled,

sub-horizontal, 5-7 inches long, 1$-2} inches wide at the trifid point, green and

wrinkled above, whitish hairy beneath. Racemes slightly branching, 2-4 inches

long, woolly. Young achenes much less woolly than in other species. Very distinct

in habit from the other species.

Subtribe 4. Inutez. Heads never dicecious ; if heterogamous, the marginal fl.

female, with ligulate (sometimes very short) corollas. Anthers t tailed. (Gen. 31-38).

XXXI. DENEKIA, Thunb.

Heads many-f., heterogamous ; marginal fl, in several rows, female,

Blumea.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 119

equalling the disc, with bilabiate corollas, the lips oval, equal, entire ;

dise-fl. funnel-shaped, 5-fid, hermaphrodite (but sterile). Recept. naked,

flat. Jnvol. campanulate, biseriate. Anthers tailed. Style of disc-fl.

bifid, with flattened branches. Achene oblong, sessile, beakless. Pap-

pus of the ray-fl. none ; of the disc of a single, slender scale, palmato-

sales at the summit, and of a few small, simple scales. DC. Prodr.

5: PB. 402.

S. African herbs. Leaves alternate, semi-amplexicaul, oblong or lanceolate, den-

ticulate or undulate. Heads small, densely corymbulose or subfasciculate, the co-

rymb in a panicle. Flowers white.—Name in honour of some botanist?

1. D. Capensis (Thunb. Prodr. 177) ; leaves green above, canescent-

tomentose beneath, subentire or here-and-there toothed. Thunb. Fl. Cap.

p.665. DC.l.¢. 462. Selloa Capensis, Spr. Syst. 3, p. 496.

Has. Wet spots in the Langekloof, Thunbd.! Eastern Districts, Kaffraria, and

Natal, £. Z.! Drege! Bowker, Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘K. 268. Zey./ got, 902. (Herb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems from a perennial root, ascendent-erect, 6-18 inches high, leafy. Radical

and lower leaves 5-6 inches long, lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, tapering to the

base and subpetiolate ; cauline amplexicaul, oblong or ovate, sometimes subrunci-

nate, the young ones cobwebby above, all white beneath. Corymbs pedunculate,

very dense. Heads 14 lines across. Invol. and pedicels glandular.

2. D. glabrata (DC.1.c.); leaves green on both sides, either minutely

glandular-pubescent or glabrate, subentire or sharply toothed.

Has. Klipplaat R., Zuureberge, &c., Drege! Uitenhage and Tambukiland, 2. Z./

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Similar to the preceding, except in the pubescence. Perhaps a green variety ?

XXXII BLUMEA, DC.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous ; marginal fl. in many rows, female,

very slender-filiform, truncate or 2~3-toothed; dise-fl. few (5-25), her-

maphrodite, cylindrical, 5-toothed, scarcely dilated in the throat. Hecept.

flat, mostly naked. Jnvol. in few rows, subimbricate, the scales linear,

acuminate. Anthers with slender tails. Achenes terete. Pappus in one

row, of many, roughish bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 432.

Herbs or half-shrubs, chiefly from tropical Asia, a few African. Lvs. alternate,

mostly villous. Heads panicled or laxly corymbose. FI. yellow or purplish.—These

have the aspect of Conyza, from which they differ by the tailed anthers and terete

achenes. The name is in honour of C. L. Blume, a celebrated Dutch botanist, and

author of many works on the Indian Flora.

Leaves sessile (not decurrent), obovate, tapering much at base (1) lacera.

Leaves decurrent, as narrow wings to the stem :

Glandularly pubescent, scaberulous :

Leaves elliptic-oblong ; pedicels equalling the invol.,

WENUOUR 3 ie sses. ter ak eee, ee a 2) alata.

Leaves acuminate ; pedicels much longer than

invol., slender... ... .. « (3) pterodonta.

AEE ae ie re

a ee ok es we we (4) Garicpine.

1. B. lacera (DC. 1. c. p. 436); stem herbaceous, erect, softly villous,

lowest leaves petiolate; cauline leaves obovate, sessile, but much atte-

nuated to the base, in the upper-half denticulate, pubescent above, villous ©

aes o*

Softly and thickly silky-can

120 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Blumea.

beneath, the younger ones on both sides silky ; corymbs few-headed,

subterminal, or from the axils of the upper leaves, forming an inter-

rupted thyrsus ; pedune. and invol. densely silky; invol. scales narrow-

linear, equalling or overtopping the disc ; corolla of the disc-fl. exter-

nally glandularly tuberculated. B. Dregeana, DC. l.c.. Also B. Wightiana,

DC. p. 435. B. Dregeanoides, Sch. Bip.

Has. Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege! Magalisberg, Burke & Zeyher! 806; Um-

geni, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 301; Natal, J. Sand., 369, Krauss! 216. (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, subsimple. Radical leaves and lower stem-leaves tapering

into a slender petiole, 2-3 inches long, 1-14 wide, exactly obovate ; upper leaves

more sessile, oblong or lanceolate, sometimes acute, 1-2 inches long. Invol. scales

often tipped with crimson. Style of male fi. bifid.—I gladly follow Bentham (Hong

Kong Fl. p. 178-179) in uniting the Bl. Dregeana of 8. Africa with the common

Indian weeds above quoted.

2. B.alata (DC. 1,c. p. 448); stem herbaceous, erect, branched, clothed,

as well as the leaves, with a short, glandular, rufous pubescence ; leaves

elliptic-oblong, denticulate, decurrent along the stem as narrow, entire or

distantly-toothed wings ; peduncles short, axillary, one or few-headed,

disposed in a panicle or raceme; heads cernuous; inv. scales in several

rows, the outer lanceolate, leafy, squarrose-reflexed, pubescent; inner

linear-acuminate, equalling the flowers ; cor, of disc-fl. glabrous. Conyza

alata, Roxb. Erigeron alatum, Don. Prodr, 171.

Has. Natal, Drege! J. Sanderson, 289, Gerr. § M‘K. 300; Magalisberg, Burke

§ Zeyher ! 912, (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 feet high, more or less densely glandular-pubescent, rusty-coloured. Leaves

2-3 inches long, 4—$ in. wide, veiny, rather harsh to the touch. Heads in a simple

or branched leafy raceme, ending the branches ; invol. scales remarkably squarrose,

with similar rough gland-pubescence as the leaves—Sent also by Mr. Mann from

the Cameroon Mts.—I find the wings frequently toothed on the Cape specimens.

3. B. pterodonta (DC. 1. c. 448) ; stem herbaceous, erect, branched,

clothed, as well as the leaves, with short, glandular pubescence; leaves

ovate-oblong, acuminate, denticulate, decurrent along the stem as broad-

ish, distantly-toothed wings ; heads on long, slender, naked pedicels, dis-

posed in a loose panicle ; invol. scales pluriseriate, the outer squarrose

and minutely glandular, the inner erect, linear-acuminate, scarious ;

cor, of dise-fl. glabrous.

Haz. Magalisberg, Burke ¢ Zey.! 912. (Herb. Hk., D.)

2-3 feet high, loosely branched. Lower leaves not seen ; medial oblong, upper

ovate, all sharply taper-pointed. Pedicels 1-14 inch long, thread-like, straight or

curved, Invol. pale, all the scales very narrow.—Differs from B. alata in being

green, not rusty; with shorter and less copious pubescence; broader wings to stem ;

acuminate leaves ; and long, slender pedicels.

4. B. Gariepina (DC. 1. c. 448) ; suffruticulose, much branched, all

parts densely sulky-canescent; leaves broadly-linear, entire, subacute, de-

current along the stem as narrow, entire wings; heads shortly pedicel-

late, corymbulose at the ends of short branchlets, forming a leafy pani-

cle ; invol. scales pluriseriate, linear-subulate, erect, imbricated, silky,

equalling the disc ; cor. of disc fl. setulose on the teeth,

Has. Gariep, IN: ualand, A.Wyley! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.

: Headly Lemar hs “Aes seme and soft mid Pinot pubescence. Sisk 1-1

inches long, 2-4 lines wide. Heads like those of Erigeron Canadensis.

Pulicaria.] COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 121

[Species ?? Unknown to us.]

B. (Conyza) Natalensis (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 971); an an-

a, with oblong-linear, toothed, sessile, half ear-clasping, glabrescent

eaves.

Has. Natal, Krauss.

B. (Conyza or Pluchea) Kraussii (Sch. Bip. 1. c. p. 972); shrubby;

cauline leaves 1-2 inches long, 2-5 lines wide, sessile, linear-lanceolate,

acute, toothed or entire, glabrous.

Has. Natal, Krauss.

AXXITI. INULA, Gaertn.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous ; ray-fl. in one row, female (or by

abortion sterile), mostly ligulate, rarely subtubular, 5-fid ; disc-/l. her-

maphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Jnvol. imbricate, in several rows.

Recept. flat or flattish, naked. Anthers tailed at base. Achene beakless,

subterete (very rarely 4-angled). Pappus in one row, of roughish bristles.

DC. Prodr. 5, p. 463.

A large genus, chiefly European and Asiatic, herbaceous, mostly perennial.

Cauline leaves alternate, often amplexicaul, undivided, entire or serrated. Heads

corymbose or solitary, and peduncled, yellow. Name of uncertain derivation.

1. I. Africana (Lam. dict. 3, p. 256); “stem herbaceous, slender,

scarcely hairy, branched ; leaves amplexicaul, subscabrid, gland-dotted

beneath, the lower oblong, acute, serrated, the uppermost lanceolate,

shorter, nearly quite entire ; branches 1-headed, some leafless, others

sparingly leafy ; inv.-scales linear-setaceous.” DC. 1. c. 469. I. punctata,

Less. Syn. 193.

Has. Cape, Sonnerat in Hb. Lam. (fide DC. 1. c.)

XXXIV. PULICARIA, Cass.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous ; ray-/t. female, in one row, nearly

always ligulate; disc-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite. ecept.

naked, areolate, flattish. Jnvol. laxly imbricate in few rows, scales

linear. Achen. beakless, downy, terete (not compressed). Pappus in

~ two rows, the outer very short, coronzform, toothed ; the inner of 10-20

rough bristles. DOC. Prodr. 5, p. 477-

Herbaceous plants, chiefly European, afew African, growing in moist places,

villous, erect, branched. Cauline leaves cordate-sagittate at base, entire, or toothed,

lanceolate. Pedune. 1-headed. Flowers yellow. Name from pulex, a flea: the

popular name is “‘ Flea-bane.”

1, P. Capensis (DC. 1. c. 479); stem erect, simple below, corymbose

above, silky-villous ; leaves (especially the younger) on both sides

densely silky-villous, cordate-amplexicaul at base, oblongo-lanceolate,

callous-mucronate and calloso-serrulate ; invol.-scales linear-acuminate,

loosely imbricate, very villous ; ray-fl. narrow-ligulate, slightly longer

than the involucre, 3-toothed; achenes thinly pubescent; outer pappus

1o-toothed, inner of about 16 sete. Hrigeron scabrum, Th.! Cap. 665.

Inula Capensis, Spr.! Herb. Un. Itin. 431.

122 composiT& (Harv ) [ Pegolettia.

Van. A. erigeroides; stem and foliage thinly pubescent, or glabrescent ; invol.-

scales scabrous-pubescent ; achenes puberulous. P. erigeroides, DC. 1. ¢. p. 480.

Has. Both varieties throughout the Colony, and on to Port Natal, Mundt! E. Z.!

Drege! Gerr. and M‘K.! 275, Pappe! &c. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

One to 2 ft. high, robust, the villosity sometimes much less copious. Leaves 1-2

inches long, }-} inch wide. Corymbs few or many-headed, Except in being more

slender and less hairy 8. does not differ.

XXXV. PEGOLETTIA, Cass.

Heads many-fl., homogamous. ecept. naked, dotted, fiat. nvol.

imbricate in 2-3 rows, shorter than the flowers ; scales acute. Corolla

tubular 5-fid, regular (or sub-ringent). Anthers 2-tailed at base. Achenes

cylindrical, rib-striate, beakless. Pappus in two or three rows, the

inner of long, rigid, straight, serrato-ciliate (rarely plumose) bristles ;

the outer much shorter, either of flat, entire or lacerate, unequal scales,

or of bristles nearly similar to those of the inner pappus. DC. Prod. 5,

p. 481. Pegolettia and Carphopappus, Sch. Bip.

Small, rather rigid African half-shrubs or herbs, with something the aspect of

Pteronie. Leaves alternate, dotted, elliptical or linear. Heads solitary at the end

of the branches, yellow. In the few species of which this genus consists the pappus

varies so much, from species to species, that if strictly insisted on as of generic value,

the genus might be broken up into almost as many genera as there are species. In

P. Senegalensis the inner bristles are quite plumose; in all the 8S. African species on

the contrary, they are simply ciliate-barbellate: but the outer pappus presents even

wider discrepancies. Nevertheless, I do not think it advisable to follow Schultz

Bip. in breaking up the genus. The name is in honour of some botanist?

ceolate, acuminate. 6.0... Se ae. (1) “Oxyodonta.

Shrubby, nearly glabrous ; lys. petioled, oval or oblong,

subacute, thick... ... ... .....-. -. .«- ... (5) baccharidifolia.

Leaves quite entire :

—. much-branched ; lvs. petioled, oval or obovate,

WOOO ee a a a hes lygalifolia,

Suffruticose ; lvs. oblong, tapering to both ends, glan- ice

dularly pubescent... (2) acuminata.

Subherbaceous, scabrous; lvs. linear-lanceolate, hispid;

achenes pubescent... ... 11. sss +2. «0. oes (3) Lancoolata.

Herbaceous, slender, hispid; lvs. elliptic-oblong, taper-

iny ty Dow) OMGe c0. 2 es as a, a ee eee

1. P. oxyodonta (DC. 1. c. 481) ; herbaceous, stem glabrous below,

glandular and viscidulous above ; leaves sessile, oblongo-lanceolate,

acuminate, sub-pungent, sharply few-toothed at the sides, glanduloso-

pubescent and viscid; invol.-scales pluriseriate, acuminate, the inner

broader and ciliate, the outer glandular-pubescent ; heads many-fl. ;

pappus biseriate, the outer of many short, flat, obtuse, unequal scales.

Has. Little Namaqualand, near the Gariep, Drege! A. Wyley! . D., Hk., Sd.

Stems several from a woody base, 6-9 mad high, madara ee neste

erect. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 4-7 lines wide, the teeth subulate jecting.

Heads 30-40-fl. Achenes sprinkled with gland-tipped hairs. ee

2. P. acuminata (DC.1.c.); “suffruticose, glandular toward the

apex ; leaves oblong, entire, acuminate at both ends ; inv.-scales much

acuminate, loosely imbricate; pappus biserial, the outer shorter.” DC.

Cypselodontia. | COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 123

Has, Beyond the Gariep, Burchell. Cat. Geogr. 2396 (fide DC.)

Twigs and lys. glandularly puberulous. Achenes glabrate, striate, subterete. DC.

3. P. lanceolata (Harv.); stems subherbaceous, branched near the

base ; branches elongate, simple, angular, rigidly pubescent ; leaves

sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, callous pointed, dotted,

sparsely hispid; inv.-scales pluriseriate, acuminate, roughly pubescent ;

heads many-fl. ; pappus pluriseriate, of many rough, unequal, long

bristles ; achenes rib-striate, pubescent.

Has, Dry plains in Zululand, W. 7. Gerrard, 1044. (Herb. D.)

Stems 1 foot or more high, subsimple or branched from below ; branches rather

closely leafy below, sparsely leafy or subnude above. Leaves 1-14 inches long, 1-2

lines wide. Pappus nearly like that of a Pteronia. Anthers with very long tails,

bearded at the extremity.

4. P. polygalefolia 5 ioe Syn. 200); shrubby, much-branched,

minutely viscoso-scaberulous, otherwise glabrous ; branches tortuous

or divaricate ; leaves tapering at base into a short petiole, oval or

obovate, subacute, fleshy, entire ; invol. scales biseriate, lanceolate,

acuminate ; pappus biseriate, the outer of many, narrow-subulate,

acuminate, serrated scales. DC.l.c. Eupatorium retrofractum, Thunb. !

Cap. 628. Vernonia polygalefolia, Licht.

Has. Cape, Thunb.; Kl. Fische R. and Zwartberg, Drege! E. § Z.! Cradock,

Burke! Springbokkeel, Zey.! 813. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Woody, intricately ramulous, about 1 foot high. Leaves 5-8 lines long, 2-3 lines

wide, gland-dotted. Heads few-flowered, subsessile.

5. P. baccharidifolia (Less. Syn. 200); shrubby, minutely scaberu-

lous or glabrous; branches curved; leaves shortly petioled, oval or

oblong, subacute, fleshy, coarsely few-toothed, viscidulous ; invol. scales

3-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, pubescent ; pappus pluriseriate, all

of barbellate bristles, the inner long, the outer gradually shorter. Car-

phopappus baccharidifolius, Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 973. Pteronia

dentata, Spr.

Has. Cape, Xrebs.; Fisch R. and Zuureberg, Drege! Somerset, Dr. Atherstone!

Matavisberg, Albert, 7. Cooper! 568. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very like the preceding except in the rather larger and toothed leaves ; the broader

and less acuminate invol. scales and pappus. It is perhaps less strongly woody and

more diffusely branched. Leaves 4-10 lines long, 2-4 lines wide.

6. P.? tenella (DC. 1. c. 482); “herbaceous, erect, slender, sparingly

hispid ; lvs. elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, very entire; branches

ending in long, leafless, pubescent, one-headed peduncles ; invol. scales

biseriate, acuminate ; pappus biseriate, the outer very short.” DC.

Has. Between Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege. 5159 (fide DC.)

‘“‘ Flowers unknown ; the genus therefore doubtful. Recept. naked, punctate.

Achenes terete, substriate. Pappus-bristles thick, white.” DC.

XXXVI. CYPSELODONTIA, DC.

Heads many-fl.; the ray-/i. in one row, ligulate, neuter; disc-fl. deeply

5-fid, hermaphrodite. Znvol. imbricate in several rows, the scales linear,

the outer squarrose. ecept. honeycombed, the cells toothed at edge.

124 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Geigeria.

Stam. filaments short, hairy ; anthers prolonged into a coriaceous appen-

dix, 2-tailed at base. Style of the disc-fl. with obtuse, nearly cohering

lobes, downy at back near the summit. <Achenes of ray abortive, glabrous,

with a tuft of hairs round the base, of the disc obovate, very villous with

tufous hairs. Pappus with thick, white, toothed bristles, few in the

ray-fl., in many series in the dise-fl. DC. Prod. 7, Suppl. p. 286.

« A much-branched suffrutex ; the branches striate, shortly nude and one-headed

at the summit. Leaves alternate, obovate-oblong, subobtuse, cuneate at base,

mucronate, very entire, canescent-villous beneath, glabrous and one-nerved above.

Heads solitary. Corolla yellow. Apparently related to Geiyeria and Pegolettia. The

name is compounded of xupedn, a beehive, and odov, a tooth; in allusion to the

toothed margins of the cells of the honeycombed receptacle.” DC. 1. c.

C. Eckloniana (DC. 1. c.)

Has. District of Uitenhage, Ecklon (fide DC.)

XXXVII. MINUROTHAMNUS, DC.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous ; ray-/l. ligulate, female, in one row ;

disc-ft. tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite, Jnv. scales biseriate, the

outer shorter, acuminate, inner longer, obtuse, membrane-edged. Recept.

.... Stam. filaments glabrous; anthers shortly tailed. Style bifid,

with spreading branches. Achenes obovate? clothed with very abun-

dant, white woolly hairs. Pappus in two rows, of about 20 straight,

yellow, toothed bristles, the outer ro rather shorter, the inner more

rigid. DC. Prodr. 7, Suppl. p. 286.

“ A suffrutex, with the aspect of Cypselodontia ; branches terete, naked and one-

‘headed at the summit. Leaves alternate, linear, very entire, glabrous above, ap-

pressedly tomentose beneath. Ends of the peduncular branches and involucres

clothed with very short, rufous toment. Corolla yellow. The name is compounded

of puvupos, slender, and @apyos, a shrub.” DC.l.c. Said to be related to Pegolettia.

M. phagnaloides (DC. 1. c.)

Has. District of Caledon, Ecklon (fide DC.)

XXXVIIL GEIGERIA, Griesselich.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-/l. uniseriate, female, ligulate ; disc-fl.

tubular, perfect, 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, erect, externally gland-

scabrous. Ltecept. convex, piloso- or paleaceo-fimbrilliferous. Inv. closely

imbricate, the outer scales mostly leaf-tipped, the inner horny, acute or

acuminate. Anthers tailed. Style-branches of the disc-fl. linear-lanceo-

late, flattened. Achenes subtrigonous, hairy or pilose, beakless, narrowed

to the base. Pappus biseriate, of 10-16 scales, either all aristate, of

the outer ones blunt; or all of them toothed. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 482.

Geigera, Less. Syn. 199.

Suffrutices, glabrous or scabrous, with rigid, leafy stems, or nearly stemless.

Leaves alternate, linear or linear-subulate, 1-nerved, quite entire or denticulate,

gland-dotted on each side of the rib. Heads sessile, either terminal or in the forks,

or secundly pseudo-lateral on lengthening branches. Flowers yellow. Name in

honor of Prof. Geiger, of Heidelberg. These plants have many characters of Poly-

chetia, Less., with which genus several of them have been confounded ; but they

differ not merely by the double pappus, but by the asteroid style. The in all

h ; pappus in

is strongly hygrometric and expands almost immediately aaeee water.

Geigeria. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 125

Stemless or with very short, tufted, closely branched stems :

Stemless ; all the pappus-scales bristle-pointed ... ... (1) Africana.

Short-stemmed ; the owter pappus-scales pointless ... (2) passerinoides.

Stem elongate, simple or branched, sparsely leafy :

Leaves 2-4 inches long, grass-like :

Stem depressed, trichotomous, laxly leafy ... ... (3) protensa.

Stem erect, simple or branched at top only, closély leafy :

Glabrous ; leaves flat, entire, narrow ... ... (4) Burkei.

Glabrous ; leaves linear-involute, entire... ... (5) Zeyheri.

Hispid with swollen hairs; lvs. flat, broadly lin. (6) aspera,

Leaves less than 1 in. long, blunt; stem much branched (7) brevifolia.

Leaves uncial, flat, midribbed, veiny, pungent-mucronate (8) pectidea.

1, G. Africana (Gr. in Linn. V. p. 411); stemless or forked; leaves

crowded at the crown, linear-elongate, acute, tapering much at base,

entire or denticulate, the younger ones setoso-ciliate ; heads sessile,

seemingly tufted (from the non-development of internodes); inner

inv.-scales acuminate, ciliate; all the scales of the pappus bristle-pointed.

DC. l. ¢. 482. Geigera Africana, Less. Syn. 200. Zeyheria acaulis, Spr.

Dizonium longifolium, Willd. Herb.

Has. Karroo, near Beaufort, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

A minute, scarcely branched plant, 1-3 inches diameter ; the leaves 1-2 inches —

long, 1 line wide. Several crowded, but not truly fascicled heads in the forks, or

on the sides of scarcely developed branches. Recept. densely clothed with setaceous

fimbrils. Disc-fl. with narrow-lanceolate, externally scabrous, erect lobes, and strong

marginal nerves. Pappus of 8-16 scales, all of them bristle-pointed. Dwarfer than

G. passerinoides, which it much resembles, but has a different pappus.

2. G. passerinoides (Harv.) ; stem shrubby, very dwarf, multifid at

the crown, the branches very short, tufted ; leaves from a dilated, am-

plexicaul base linear, very long, one-nerved beneath, punctate, glabrous

or sparsely hispid ; heads terminal or lateral, sessile, ovate, subtended

by leaves; inner iny.-scales acuminate, ciliate; outer pappus of oblong,

blunt, inner of bristle-pointed scales. Relhania passerinoides, L’ Her.

Sert. Angl. p. 22. Polychetia passerinoides, DC. Prodr. 6, p. 285.

Han. Cape, L’Heretier. Nieuwevelde, Drege! Brack R. and Orange R., Burke

§ Zeyher. Zululand, Gerrard, 1024. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Root thick and woody. Stem shortly multifid, the crowded branches 1-2 inches

long. Leaves 1-2-2} inches long, 1 line wide, flat or revolute, thickish, subacute.

Rays taper-pointed, long. Recept. bluntly conical, thickly clothed with bristle-

shaped fimbrils. Outer pappus of 5 or 6 oblong, blunt, nerveless scales; inner of as

many nerved, aristate scales. Style-branches in the disc-fl, deeply divided, the arms

exserted, linear, flattened.

3. G. protensa (Harv.) ; suffruticose, glabrous ; stem depressed, sub-

trichotomous ; leaves linear, tapering to each end ; heads axillary, ses-

sile, solitary ; recept. densely clothed with long, linear-subulate, flat

fimbrils ; pappus of 10-12 scales, the 5-6 inner aristate, the outer

obtuse or mucronate.

Has. Zululand, Miss Owen! Interior of the Colony, Herb. Hooker! (Hb. D., Hk.)

Stem woody at base, rigid, flexuous, forked or zig-zag, almost prostrate, a foot

or more in length. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 1-2 lines wide in the middle, thickish

in substance, with subinvolute margins, one-nerved, dotted, glabrous, the lower

scattered, the upper in tufts at the ends of the branches. Heads sessile in the forks

of the stem, a few of the outer invol.-scales with leafy points ; the next broadly

126 coMPosIT# (Harv.) [ Geigeria.

ovate, acuminate ; the inner oblong, mucronate ; all rigid and glabrous, Recept.

conical; its fimbriz longer than the achenes, almost equalling the invol., resembling

narrow pale, many surrounding each flower. Disc-fl. much longer than the invol.,

deéply 5-lobed. Achenes obconical, hairy. Branches of the style linear-lanceolate,

flattened. Anth. with long tails.

4. G. Burkei (Harv.); stem erect or diffuse, shrubby, branched at

the base ; branches erect, simple or corymbose at the summit, rufo-

puberulous, subscabrid, closely leafy throughout ; leaves alternate, ses-

sile, linear, elongate, subobtuse, flat, one-nerved, impress-dotted, sca-

berulous, glabrous ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, subtended by many

leaves ; fimbrils setaceous; outer inv.-scales with short, leafy-tips, inner

much acuminate, subulate, pungent ; outer pappus of oblong, blunt,

inner of bristle-pointed scales.

peg diffusa; dwarf, stem and branches diffuse ; younger heads pseudo-lateral.

- Hk.)

Has. Schon-Stroeme and Mooje Rivers, Burke ¢ Zeyher! Zey.! 915, ex pte.

916. Zululand, Gerr. ¢ M‘K., 1024, 8. Doorn Kop, Burke § Zey.! (Hb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems 6-18 inches high, divided near the base ; branches at first quite simple,

one-headed, afterwards by the sprouting of twigs from the axils of the uppermost

leaves, close under the heads, becoming corymbose or fasciculately branched at the

* summit. Leaves close or subdistant, 14-24 inches long, a line wide. Heads } inch

long, many-fl., 4 inch across, ovoid. Inner inv.-scales much acuminate, Fimbrils

setaceous, longer than the hairy achenes. Pappus of 5-6 oblong, short, blunt scales,

alternating with as many bristle-pointed ones. Cor.-lobes subulate, acuminate,

with strong marginal ribs. Style-branches long, linear, flattened.

5. G. Zeyheri (Harv.) ; stem shrubby, branched at base ; branches

erect, simple or cymose at the summit, rufo-tomentulose, leafy through-

out ; leaves alternate, sessile, linear-involute, nerve-keeled, impress-

dotted, glabrous ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, subtended by many

leaves ; fimbrils setaceous; outer inv.-scales short and broad, with short,

leafy-tips, inner lanceolate, acute, spreading, subpungent ; outer pappus

of oblong, blunt, inner of bristle-pointed scales.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke & Zeyher! Zey.! 915, ex pte. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Very like G. Burkei, but the leaves are involute ; the fi.-heads smaller ; and the

inner iny.-scales broader and less acuminate. Stems 12-18 inches high; leaves

2-3-4 inches long, not } line wide. Young stems slightly tomentulose.

6. G. aspera (Harv.); stem erect or spreading, branched, leafy, rough

with rigid, swollen hairs; leaves alternate, sessile, broadly-linear,

elongate, subacute, flat, calloso-denticulate or entire, sprinkled above

with rigid, swollen hairs, conspicuously gland-dotted; heads terminal

or pseudo-lateral, sessile, subtended by leaves ; outer invol.-scales with

short, leafy tops, inner lanceolate, acute; outer pappus of oblong, blunt,

inner of bristle-pointed scales..

_ Has. Sand River, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

-_ Stem 6-8 inches (probably more) in height, closely leafy. Leaves 2-2} inches

long, 14-2 lines wide. Stem and leaves rough to the touch, with short, thick hairs.

Cor. lobes subulate, strongly ribbed. Style branches long, linear, flat. Pappus of

6 outer, blunt scales, and as many bristle-pointed inner ones. Known by its broader,

subdenticulate leaves and rough pubescence,

7. brevifolia (Harv.) ; stem erect, much-branched, angularly

Geigeria. | COMPOSIT (Hary.) 127

ribbed and furrowed, gland-dotted ; leaves shortly linear (4—5 times as

long as wide), flat, thick, midribbed, blunt, submucronulate, gland-

dotted ; heads solitary in the forks and terminal, sessile; inv.-scales

ovate-oblong, mucronate, the inner tomentose above ; fimbrils longer

than the achenes, multifid, concrete ; achenes pubescent ; pappus of

many, short, toothed scales. Polychetia brevifolia, DC. 1. c. 285.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell, 2171. Cape, Hb. Hooker! (Herb. Hk.)

A foot or more in height, loosely much-branched, rigid, the branches straight,

spreading, ramulous. Leaves subdistant, shorter than the internodes, 3-4 lines

long, ra line wide, conspicuously multipunctate (as well as the branches) on each

side of the midrib ; the very young leaves cobwebbed.. Heads ovoid, 3 lines long,

the younger woolly at top. Fimbrils broad, involving the achenes. Lobes of dise-

fl. externally glandular, with thick nerves. Rays short, 3-toothed. Style branches

of disc long, linear, flattened, puberulous. The pappus is somewhat different from

that of other species, and apparently in a single row.

8. G. pectidea (Harv.); stem shrubby, terete, glabrous ; leaves

broadly linear, or linear oblong, narrowed to the base, cuspidate-mucro-

nate, pungent, flat, midribbed and margined, subdenticulate, impress-

dotted ; heads 4 or more together, cymoso-glomerate, sessile; outer

inv.-scales shortly leaf-topped, inner ovate, cuspidate, pungent, outer

pappus of oblong, blunt, inner of bristle-pointed scales ; achenes very

villous. Polychetia pectidea, DC. 1. c. 285.

Has. Region beyond the Gariep, Burchell. Gariep, near Verleptpram, Drege !

2894. (Herb. Sond.)

I have only seen a flowering branch, 3-4 inches long. Leaves nearly uncial, about

2 lines broad, rigid, strongly midribbed, somewhat veiny and ener ie pungent-

mucronate. It has all the gen. characters of a Geigeria.

Tribe 4. SENECIONIDE. Flower-heads heterogamous, or homogamous, or

moncecious (dise #, ray 2). Style-branches (in the hermaphrodite flowers) long, linear,

flattish, obtuse or truncate, pencilled at the apex or tipped with a bristly cone ; in

the male-fl. the styles are simple or emarginate, more or less pencillate or bristle-

tipped. Habit various. (Gen. 39-124).

Sub-tribe 1. Hetrantoex. Leaves ite, expanded, petiolate. Recept.

hana sen the disc-flowers. ah AN without tails, dark-coloured.

Paphos Lk tow Wk persiabeais Swink or heme. (Gen. 39-44).

Achenes beakless, without : , Pave

Recept. flat. Inv. scaler Lendate; ooche-ahabe ... (39) Ecliptaa - “9/

Recept. fiattish. Inv. double; outer of 5 spathulate, ei

spreading, leafy scales... ... ... ... ... «.. (40) Siegesbeckia. 732

Recept. conical. Inv. scales short, appressed ... (44) Spilanthes. . /33

Ach. beaked, bearing 2-5 rigid, retrorsely hispid bristles (42) Bidens. - /33

Achenes beakless, with pappus :

Pappus cup-shaped, toothed ... ... ... ... -.. (41) Wedelia, © “92

Pappus of 8-10, rigid, unequal, rough bristles os (43) Lipotriche. -/33

Sub-tribe 2. Hetentex. Leaves mostly alternate (in opposite). Recept.

of sovirel Mak: ry, separate, conspicuous scales in a single row (occasionally with a

few sioner SeMibe oar mins poyipoa) (Gen. 45-49).

Recept. without palex. s

Iny. uniseriate. A glabrous, aquaticherb ... ... (45) Cadiscus. S95

Recept. bearing pales the dise-flowers :

Leaves opposite, linear. Heads conglomerate, in- oe

WORIIOEGIL 5 csc 20 Sve tek wee) vec wee (46) Coen, Fd. toe

128 COMPOSIT# (Harv.)

Leaves alternate. Heads separate.

Rays female. Pappus of 2-3 acuminate, un-

equal scales ...

Rays neuter. Pappus of 5 obovate, “obtuse

scales. Achenes with a tuft of soft hairs at

base, sub-cylindrical ... :

Rays neuter. Outer pappus of 5 obovate scales ; :

inner of 5 slender bristles. Achenes obovate,

quite glabrous

(47) Callilepis. 36

(48) Sphenogyne. 7/77

(49) Ursiniaa

Sub-tribe 3. ANTHEMIDEEZ. Leaves sos alternate, rarely opposite. Heads dis-

coid or radiate. Recept. either nude or bearing paleze, "Anthers wholly without tails,

blunt at base. Pappus

scales or jointed hairs. (Gen. 50-75).

(1). Receptacle bearing paleze among the flowers.

Heads radiate. Achenes glabrous. Leaves opposite

either none, or coroniform, or consisting of a few minute

(50) Eumorphia. /°9

Heads heterogamous, more or less radiate. Achenes woolly.

Disc-fi. perfect. Leaves pinnatisect. Herbs or

suffrutices

Leaves simple or 3-fid. Rigid

Heads homogamous, discoid. Pap. either minutely

scaly, or of a few hairs, or none .

(31) Lasiospermum. 49

“G4

/87

(75) Eriocephalus.

(74) Athanasia.

(2). Receptacle nude (not bearing cae a among the flowers).

* Heads discoid :

Corolla of disc-fl. 5-toothed :

Heads homogamous, (all the fl. steailed and perfect) :

Pappus none: (shrubs or half shrubs) :

Corolla glabrous :

Leaves linear, entire... ...

Lys. cuneate, 3-5 lobed or toothed

Cor. glandular. Achenes terete ...

Cor. pubescent. Achenesscabrid, sub-

terete...

Pappus membranous, ‘oblique, ear car-shaped

Small shrubs or half-shrubs__...

Annuals, with pinnatisect leaves

Pappus of several small, equal scales

Heads heterogamous; marg.-fl, filiform, female,

Disc-fi. male, with abortive ovaries..

Disc-fi. fertile, ovuliferous

Corolla of disc-fl. 4-toothed :

Tube of corolla roundish (not flattened) :

Shrublets or half-woody perennials :

Achenes daneiak Fi. all perfect ..

Marginal achenes villous ; of the disc

glabr., abortive ... ..

Annuals with pinnatisect leaves

Tube of corolla flattened or 2-winged :

Annuals, or small, tufted perennials :

Cor. not spurred at base .

—— Seg a broad spur, infolding the

woe

Virgate waotha with entire, sessile leaves

** Heads radiate ; the disc flowers fertile:

Corolla of disc-fl. 4-toothed :

Herbs with multifid leaves:

Dise-fi. flat-tubed. Achenes flat ... ...

(73) i <

(66) Pentzia.

(68) Adenosolen, 4s

(60) Brachymeris. 442

(66) Pentzia, 47!

(61) Matricaria, S63

(67) Marasmodes. /75

(65) Hippia. 470

(64) Artemisia. S04

(62) Tanmacetum. /47

(63) Schistostephium. /45

(61) Matricaria. 163

(71) Cotula, Me

(jo) Otochlamys. 47%

(69) Peyrousea. . /76

Cenia. ae

i Matricaria. /6%

COMPOSIT (Hary.) 129

Small shrubs or half-shrubs : POR

: Rays female. Lys. linear or 3-fid ..._... (58) Adenachena, 460

Rays neuter:

Lys. lobed or pinnatifid ... ... ... (52) Lidbeckia. 154

Lvs. linear, entire, silky ... ... ... (53) Thaminophyllum. - SSS

Corolla of disc-fl. 5-toothed :

Inv. scales in 1-row, connate or concrete.

Disc fertile; all the achenes glabrous ... (54) Gamolepis. SES”

Disc sterile; ray-achenes silky, fertile ... (55) Steirodiseus. - 59

Inv, scales imbricate i in few or many rows:

Rays white:

Small shrubs or suffruticose:

Achenes papillose or glandular:

Recept. flat. Ray-jl. some

filiform, some ligulate ... (57) Phymaspermum. /4g

Recept. convex. ‘Ray: -fl. all

te .

ligula: ... (58) Adenacheena. 160

Achenes angular, smooth... ... (59) Chrysanthemum. /4/

Herbs with multifidleaves ...... (61) Matricaria. SOB

Rays yellow:

Heads corymbose. Rays 1-2 ... (56) Iocaste. : 460

Hegiawlitars, terminal : (smallshrubs

or herbs ; sometimes annual.) ... (59) Chrysanthemum. /&

Sub-tribe 4. GNAPHALIEZ. Leaves alternate. Heads homogamous, heterogamous

or hetero-moneecious, the marginal-fi. female, or rarely neuter, tubular or ligulate.

Anthers tailed at the base! Inv.-scales mostly membranous, shining, not withering.

Foliage very frequently woolly. Pappus various. (Gen. 76-106).

A. Heads one-flowered, either in spikes © or — E

Pappus feathery Gen Ste Sale ove" KOA) SOOO oa 279

Pappus none... Se an see ee 2103) eee Z8F-°

B. Heads several-flowered, discoid :

(1). Homogamous ; all the flowers perfect, 5-toothed :

Pappus of several feathery bristles :

Heads large, showy, solitary or corymbose (79) Helipterum., 256

Heads small, sessile, in tufts or spikes :

Pappus-plumes concrete at base, fea-

thered in the upper half only (87) Elytropappus. - 27%

Pappus-plumes separate, feathered :

throughout ... .. --» + (88) Pterothrix, - 95

Pappus of several simple or serrate bristles :

Achenes glabrous, smooth or eruguietor:

Pappus biseriate == ves ose (77) Leontonyzx.~— - 205"

Pappus uniseriate :

Achenes sessile, granulated. (Leaves neither pungent nor

spirally twisted ) :

Pappus-bristles rough or ser-

rate: . (78) Helichrysum. - 207

Pappus bristles beaded near :

the tip ... (82) Eriosphera. - 26/4

Ovaries stipitate (tapering at ve

ends), smooth. (Leaves :

gent, often spirally twisted) ... (84) Metalasia. * 26577

Achenes hairy or woolly :

Achenes beakless..... (85) Lachnospermum. 272

Achenes with a glabrous, thick beak so) Pachyrhynchus, Z7Z

Pappus of 5 ovate, short, toothed scales (104) Oligodora. BGaZ

(2), Heterogamous: disc-fi. perfect; marginal-fl. filiform, female, few or many:

Pappus of all the flowers amply feathered ... (83) Lasiopogon. 2hL

Pappus bristle-shaped : :

Marginal female-fl, without pappus ... (81) Amphidoxa. 263

YOL. II. : 9

130 ‘COMPOSIT (Harv.)

Marginal-fi. with pappus, as the disc-fl. : Pafe

Recept. bearing pale among the fl. (76) Rhynea. 204

Recept. nude or fimbrilliferous :

Pappus biseriate ev See. ve (77) Leontonyx. 2.05

Pappus uniseriate : :

Female-fl. few ... ... ... (78) Helichrysum. 207

Female-fl. in 2 or more rows (80) Gnaphalium, 240

(3). Hetero-monecious : disc-fl. abortive or male ; the marginal female, fili-

form, few or many :

Headslarge, solitary, inv.radiating,lustrous (95) Phenocoma. 2s7

Heads small, corymbose ; inv. radiating :

Recept. very woolly, without pale (97) Anaxeton. 257

Recept. nude in the centre, with mar-

ginal palee ... ... ... .-. «. (96) Petalacte. 285

Heads small, in tufts or spikes ; inv. not

PMG 366. eine Qa. (94) Trichogyne, 285

C. Heads several-flowered, radiate ; rays ligulate : z

(t). Ray-flowers white or purple (not yellow ).

Papas of several feathered bristles :

Heads 2-fl. ; pappus-bristles feathered in

the upper halfonly ... ...... ... (91) Disparago, 277

Heads 6-15-fl.; pap. feathered throughout (89) Amphiglossa. 276

Pappus of rough bristles, or of alternate bristles and short scales :

Inv.-scalesinfewrows. (Moss-like, densely

tufted) oe vote” saa sigh Ss, ad Ay eaOMOR OMI.” Sa

Tny.-scales in many rows, bristle-pointed.

(Suffrutices or shrubs, laxly leafy) ... (98) Athrixia. 29/

Pappus of several, very short scales ...._-.. (105) Osmites. 303

Pappus none; ray neuter... ... ... ... --. (106) Osmitopsis. 305”

(2). Ray-flowers yellow (often coppery beneath).

ro A Pappus of many rigid bristles (gg) Antithrixia, 292

Recept. nude. Pappus in the ray of short

bristles ; in the disc of feathered bristles ... (100) Leyssera. 2G3

Recept. honey-combed or fimbrilliferous :

Pappus of severalshort, free or connate scls, (102) Nestlera, LOS

Recept. bearing palesze between the flowers :

Pappus uniform, of minute separate or con-

nate scales, or coroniform, subentire or -

crenate = ie5,. Owe le i Sad S03) Relhania. 29S

Pappus of the disc-fl. double; the outer of

short, broad scales ; the inner of 2 long

bristles... Se eee 294

Sub-tribe 5. Sznzctonem. Leaves alternate. Heads radiate or discoid. Recept.

nude. Anthers without tails, blunt at base. Pappus of many or few slender, hairlike

bristles; the inal fl. sometimes calvous. Jnv. mostly uniseriate, either nude at

base or nearly so. (Gen. 107-119).

Heads discoid :

Homogamous: all the flowers perfect, 5-toothed :

Inv. scales 5, winged or crested at back _—... (111) Lopholena. WA

Inv. scales neither winged nor crested: Lb

Style-branches of dise-fl. truncate ... ... (117) Senecio. 3

St. branches of disc-fl. minutely cone-tipped :

Achenes flattened or winged ... ... (110) Cimeraria. JOY

Achenes not flattened :

Pappus in several rows ... ... (113) Kleinia. IIS”

oft Pappus uniseriate ... ... ... (112) Cacalia. B/S-

Heterogamous or hetero-moncecious: the marginal-f,

go anaes

bby or perennial; fl. with copious 18: :

Dise-fi. fertile. Sales Rai i (113) Kleinia, BIS

coe

sclipta. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 131

ee =a — Lys. expanded, glabrous (114) Doria,

Ann . With scan us... ... ... (to7) Stilpnogyne.

Heads radiate: a ees

Achenes flattened or winged ... ... ... ... ... (110) Cineraria.

Achenes terete or angular:

Pappus copious, in many rows:

Disc-fl. fertile :

Inv. scales separate, often calycled... (117) Senecio.- -

TIny, se. connate, not calycled, valvate (118) Euryops. -

Disc-fi. sterile:

Pappus of curved, barbed, deciduous

bristles. ose. ees sa ake ecg; 2 oe

Pappus of straight, rigid bristles ... (115) Othonna.

Pappus of few bristles, uniseriate: (sometimes

wanting in disc-fl.):

Disc-fi. fertile:

Pappus in the disc-fi. of several, in

the ray of few bristles... ... (109) Mesogramma..

Pappus of 4-5-curved, barbed

Drs =.) 2 a Ab) DUpotbrix.

Disc-fl. sterile without pappus... ... (116) Gymmnodiseus.

Sub-tribe 6. CaLENDULER. Leaves mostly alternate, rarely opposite. Heads

radiate, hetero-moncecious, the ray-fl. female ; the disc-fl. male, with abortive simple

styles ; or rarely (in Dimorphotheca) some or all of the disc-fi. fertile. Anthers acute

or cuspidate at base or very minutely tailed. Pappus none. (Gen. 120-124).

Achenes quite beakless:

Inv, uniseriate:

Marginal achenes 3-cornered, eithersmooth,

tubercled, orsharply toothed attheangles (120) Dimorphotheca.

Marg. achenes covered with sharp thorny

PE eas oe (aA) Konia.

Pome. Ae Hse: 7s

Iny. in few rows, 2-3 seriate:

Marg. achenes nutlike, thick-shelled, either

smooth, wrinkled, 3-cornered or 3-winged (123) Osteospermum.

Achenes produced into a beak :

Achenes 3-cornered, winglessorminutely winged (122) Oligocarpus.

Achenes broadly 3-winged .... coos (121) Tripteris.

Sub-tribe 1. HELIANTHES. (Gen. 39-44).

Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-ft. in few rows, female, short and

narrow-ligulate ; disc-fl. tubular, 4-toothed, hermaphrodite. Recept.

plano-convex, with linear-filiform pale, ciliate at the apex and equalling

the achenes. Jnvol. in two rows, of 10-12 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate

scales. Stgle-branches in the disc-fi. linear, flattened, obtuse. Achenes

of the ray 3-cornered, of the disc flattened, without pappus, either

pointless or crowned with 1-3 minute teeth, the younger downy. DC.

Prodr. 5, p. 489. .

’ Tropical and subtropical herbs, erect or prostrate, scabrous or hairy. Leaves

opposite, entire or serrate, penninerved. Pedunc. axillary, solitary or in pairs, one-

headed. Flowers white. Name, from exAcura, to be deficient ; it wants pappus !

1, E. erecta (Linn.); stem and leaves appressedly strigose ; leaves

oblongo-lanceolate, or lanceolate, tapering to each end, pedicels solitary or

in pairs, 2-4 times as long as the lvs. DC. 1. ¢. p. 490. Dull. Hlth. fig. 137.

132 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Wedelia.

Has. Port Natal, Drege, Gerr. § M‘K. 299. (Herb. D., &c.) :

A common tropical weed, variable in size and habit, erect or prostrate. Most if

not all of the so-called species of Helipta seem to be merely varieties of this univer-

sally diffused plant.

XL. SIEGESBECKIA, L.

Heads few-fl., heterogamous; ray-fl. uniseriate, female, ligulate or

irregular; disc-fl. 3-5-toothed, tubular, hermaphrodite. Jvzol. biseriate,

the scales covered with gland-headed bristles, the 5 exterior linear-

spathulate, spreading; the inner ones half-clasping round the ray

flowers. Rcept. flat, bearing oval-oblong pale wrapping round the

achenes. Style-branches in the dise-fl. short, somewhat flattened, very

obtuse. Achen. obovate-oblong, somewhat 4-angled, arching inwards,

without pappus. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 495.

Annuals with weak, forked stems, glandular and viscidulous above. ‘Leaves

opposite, mostly tapering at base into a petiole, ovato-triangular, coarsely toothed,

pubescent. Peduncles from the forks of the branches, 1-headed, small, yellow.

Name in honour of Dr. J. G. Sitgesbeck, author of a “ Flora of St. Petersburgh,”

1736.

1, S. orientalis (Linn. Sp. 1269); leaves ovate, cuneate at base,

acuminate at apex, coarsely toothed, the uppermost oblong-lanceolate ;

outer invol,-scales twice as long as the inner. DOC. l.c. Lin. Hort.

Clif. t. 23.

Has. Near Durban, Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 833. (Herb. D., 8d.)

A common tropical weed. 1-2f. high, the lower branches opposite, spreading,

the upper forked. Leaves 5-6 inches long, 2-3 in. wide, thin, sparsely pubescent,

with 3 principal nerves and laxly netted. Pedune. hairy, 1-14 in, long. Outer

invol.-scales very narrow, 5-7 lines long.

XLI. WEDELIA, Jacq.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous; ray-fl. ligulate, female, in one row ;

dise-fl. hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Jnv. in 2-3 rows, the outer

scales leaf-like, the inner membranous. Recept. somewhat convex, covered

with pale. Style branches in the disc-fl. tipped with a short cone.

Achenes obovate or compressed, beakless with a crown-like or eup-like,

often substipitate pappus, consisting of concrete, toothed and ciliate

scales, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 538.

Suffrutices or herbs, chiefly American; rare in Asia, Africa and Australia.

Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, serrate or trifid. Pedicels solitary, terminal,

often in the forks of the branches. Corolla y . Name in honour of Professor

Wedel, of Jena, author of many botanical dissertations,

1, W. Natalensis (Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 63); herbaceous, very

scabrous with short, rigid bristles ; leaves subsessile, ovate or lanceolate,

acuminate or acute, distinctly serrate, 3-nerved, with subrevolute mar-

gins ; pedunc. about as long as the leaves ; outer scales of the invol.

ovate, or oblong, leafy, subacute, strigose ; inner smaller, scarious, ciliate;

achenes compressed, 4-angled, pilose, crowned with a hardened, toothed

cup. Sond. l. c.

Has. Port Natal, Williamson! Gueinzius! Dr. Sutherland. (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

2 to 3 feet high, coarse and weedlike. Leaves 2-5 inches long, 1-1 wide,

variable in form ; sometimes quite lanceolate, when it seems to come very near W.

Africana, Pers. It is also very near W. calendulacea,

Lipotriche.] COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 133

XLII. BIDENS, L.

Heads many-fl., either homogamous and discoid, or more frequently

radiate, the ray-ft. ligulate, neuter, the disc-l. perfect, 5-toothed. Inv.

scales in a double row, similar or dissimilar. Recept. flattish, bearing

pales. Style branches tipped with a short cone. Achenes more or less

compressed, aculeate, tapering into a beak, tipped with 2-5 rigid, re-

trorsely hispid, scabrous bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 594.

A large and widely-dispersed genus, most numerous in America. Stems herba-

ceous, square or round, mostly with opposite branches. Leaves opposite, either un-

divided, cut or pinnate-partite ; lobes cut or serrate. Flowers mostly yellow, rarely

with white rays.—Name, bidens, 2-toothed, in allusion to the bristles of the pappus.

1. B. pilosa (Linn. Sp. 1166); stem erect, 4-angled, striate, glabrous

or pilose; leaves pinnati-partite, the uppermost trifid or tripartite, their

lobes ovate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, glabrous or pubescent,

equal at base or the lateral oblique ; heads subcorymbose, long-pedun-

cled, either discoid or with white rays ; achenes linear-angular, glabrous

or pubescent, with 2-4 bristles, unequal. DC. 1. c. p. 597.

Var. 8, leucantha; heads radiate, the ray white, B. leucantha, Willd. DC. l. c.

598. B. Wallichii, DC. B. Sundaica, Bl. DC. Ul. c.

Has. Eastern Districts and Port Natal: also in waste ground. (Herb, D.,Sd., Hk.)

A common tropical and sub-tropical weed. Pubescence variable.

XLII. LIPOTRICHE, R. Br.

Heads many-fl., radiate; ray-fl. in « row, female, broadly ligulate, 3-

toothed, externally pubescent; disc-/l. hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed.

Inv, 2-3-seriate, loosely imbricate; the scales lanceolate, leafy. Recept.

convex, covered with flattish, acuminate leafy pales. Style branches of

the disc-fl. tipped with a hispid cone. <Anthers nigrescent. Achenes tur-

binate-prismatic, 3—4-angled, those of the disc subcompressed. Pappus

of 8-10, short, rigid, unequal, deciduous, rough bristles. DC. Prodr. 5,

Pp. 544. Also Psathurocheta, DC. 1. c. p. 609.

A coarse-growing, scabrous herb, with the aspect of Wedelia. Leaves opposite,

long-petioled, the lower 3-lobed, the upper hastate-1 late, 3-nerved, serrate.

Pedunce. long, 1-headed, solitary or subcorymbose. FI. bright yellow. Name from

Aeurw, to cast away, and Opit, a bristle ; because the pappus is deciduous.

1. L. Brownii (DC. 1. c. 544); Sch. B.in Walp. Rep. 6, p. 157. Psa-

thurocheta Drege, DC. l.c.609. Trigonotheca Natalensis, Sch, B. MSS.

Zey. 1 1042.

Has. On the Congo, Chr. Smith; Natal, Drege! Krauss, 31; Gerr. § WK. 298.

Crocodyle R., Burke/ Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker ! 385. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 2-3 feet high, 4-angled, appressedly strigose. Leaves on long petioles, the

lower 5-6 inches long, 3 inches wide at base, 3-lobed, the terminal lobe very long,

trowel-shaped, the lateral short, all sharply serrate ; upper leaves simple, all very

scabrous. Pedune. 4-6 inches long. Ray-fl. rich, crocus-yellow.

XLIV. SPILANTHES, Jacq.

Heads many-fl., either heterogamous, with ray-fl. female, ligulate,

often short, ina single row; or homogamous, all the fl. perfect and

tubular, 4-5-toothed. Jnv. scales in 2 rows, appressed, shorter than

-134 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [| dera.

the disc, the outer scales green, the inner submembranous, folded. Re-

cept. convex, covered with membranous pales, enwrapping the flowers.

Style branches of disc-fl. truncate and pencilled. Anthers nigrescent.

Achenes of disc compressed, beakless, often ciliate at the sides or naked,

of the ray 3-cornered or subcompressed, Pap.none. DC. Prodr. 5, p.629.

Annual or perennial herbs, mostly tropical. Leaves opposite, petioled, subentire.

Peduncles 1-headed, terminal or from the forks of the branches. Cor. mostly yel-

low ; heads ovate or conical. Name, omaAos, a spot, and av@os, a flower.

1. §. Africana (DC. 1 c. 623); stem rooting at base, ascending,

sparingly pubescent ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovato-lanceo-

late, coarsely toothed, minutely scabro-ciliolate at the margin, glabrous

or sparsely setulose ; pedunc. 2-3 times as long as the leaves; heads

conical-ovate ; rays not much longer than the involucre ; invol. scales

oblong, obtuse; achenes glabrous, without cilia or awn.

Has. Natal, Drege! Gerr. § MK. 342, 816, Krauss, 303, &c. (Hb. Hk., D., Sd.)

ingly perennial. Stems 1-2 feet long, numerous, not much branched. Lvs.

1-14 inches long, 7-1 inch wide, unequally toothed. Pedunc. 2-4 inches long.

Heads conical.—Is this different from S. cawlirhiza? The species seem to require

revision and much condensation.

Sub-Tribe 2, Hetentex, (Gen. 45-49.)

XLV. CADISCUS, E. Mey.

Heads many-fl., radiate; ray-fl. broadly ligulate, female, in one row ;

disc-fl. campanulate, 5-toothed, fertile or the inner sterile. Inv, scales

8—ro, in a single row, concrete into an 8—10-toothed, cup-like involucre.

Recept. honeycombed, convex. Anthers not tailed, with a large, apical

scale, Style-branches truncate, penicillate at the apex. Fertile achenes

terete, ribbed and furrowed, slightly rostrate, villous at base, pubes-

cent; sterile linear, smooth. Pappus of the fertile fl. of 10-12 rigid,

subulate-acuminate, persistent scales; of the sterile, of more slender ©

bristles. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 254.

A glabrous, aquatic herb. Stems long, weak, vaguely and distantly branched,

floating, or rooting in the mud, at the nodes. Leaves alternate, stem-clasping,

distant, linear tongue-shaped, entire, subacute, not obviously nerved. Peduncles

opposite the leaves, short, 1-headed. FI, white or yellowish. Name unexplained.

1. C. aquaticus (E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege); DC. Prodr. v.7, p. 255+

Has. Near Dassenberg, and between Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, Drege! Zey!

1044. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.

Stems 1-2 feet long, 2 lines diameter, succulent. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 2-4

lines wide. Pedune. { inch long, cernuous, in fruit pendulous. Achenes nearly 4

lines long ; pappus 1 line, .

XLVI. E@DERA, Linn.

Heads crowded within a bracteated cluster, cylindrical, few-fl., radi-

ate; ray-fl. few, female, elongate toward the circumference of the clus-

ter, short toward the centre; disc-f. tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite.

Inv. scales appressed, scarious, in few rows. Recept. paleaceous. Anther's

tipped with a truncate appendage, without tails. Branches of the sty/e

truncate. Achenes Pf angular-cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus of

Gdera.| cOMPOSITZ (Harv.) 135

several minute or longish, equal or unequal, semi-lanceolate scales, or

crown-like, toothed. Gderia, DC. Prodr. 6, p, 1.

_ Small, densely leafy, slightly branched, rigid, S. African shrubs. Leaves oppo-

site or ternate, or spirally imbricate, rough-edged. Glomerules or head-clusters

terminal, sessile. Flowers yellow. Named in honour of Professor Geo. (der, of

Copenhagen, author of Flora Danica. :

1, Ev-GiperA: Glomerule of heads sessile :

Leaves on both sides clothed with rigid, gland-tipped, short

Leaves glabrous, ciliate-serrate or entire :

Lys. ovate or ovato-lanceolate ; fl. leaves broad... ... (2) latifolia.

Lvs. linear-lanceolate or subulate ; fl. leaves narrow... (3) prolifera.

2. Ertopopa (DC.): Glomerule on a woolly peduncle; ray-fl.

PUR MUM ees sie = 5, ec iee van ape ee A) OE

1. &. hirta (Thunb.! Cap. 725); leaves broadly ovate or ovato-

lanceolate, flat, on both sides densely clothed with rigid, gland-tipped

short, spreading hairs. Less. / Syn. 248, DC. 1. ¢. p. 2.

Has..8. Africa, Thunb! E. Z.! (Herb. Th., Sd.)

All parts clothed with short, very rigid, glandular hairs. Stems a foot long,

slightly branched, imbricated with spreading leaves. Leaves ? inch long, 4-5 lines

wide, thick, obscurely midribbed. Pappus of several unequal scales.

2, &. latifolia (Less. Syn. 247); leaves either roundish-cordate, ovate, »

or ovato-lanceolate, or lanceolate, spreading or reflexed, flat, glabrous, the

margin (and midrib) calloso-serrate ; outer floral leaves broadly-ovate,

many-nerved, inner ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate, on both sides villous

below; inv. scales linear, entire or lacerate. DC./ 1. c. 2. G. prolifera,

y. Hb. Th.! G. imbricata, Lam. Dict. 2, 345. Gi. obtusifolia, Cass, Gi.

intermedia, DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Muysenberg, Eckl.! W.H.H.! C. Wright, 378; Groenekloof

and Frenchhoek, and Zwarteberg, Drege / Stellenbosch and. Caledon, #. Z./ near

Grahamstown, 7. Williamson, Genl. Bolton! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem robust, 1-2 feet high. Leaves very variable in shape, sometimes as broad

as long, 5-6 lines each way ; again 5-6 lines long, 2~3 lines wide, in one var. 14 in.

long, 2-3 lines wide! mostly recurved. I find the invol. scales as often fimbriate-

een ee marked by Lessing in

erb, Thunb. !

8. C. prolifera (Linn. f. Suppl. 391) ; leaves linear-lanceolate or sub- '....

ulate, spreading, subconcave or channelled, glabrous, the margin ciliato-\\_....

serrate (or entire and softly ciliate !); floral leaves oblong-lanceolate or |, (

lanceolate, calloso-serrate or ciliate, more or less villous below; invol.

scales lacerate. Thunb.! Cap. 724. Less.! Syn.247. DC. 1. ¢, 2.

Van. A, integrifolia; leaves subulate, channelled, quite entire, softly ciliolate.

Has. Cape, Burm., Thunb.! Groenekloof, Drege! Caledon and Stellenbosch, E. Z./

about Capetown, W.H.H. 8, Steendal, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! (Hb. Th., D., Hk.,Sd.)

About a foot high, ascending or decumbent, branched from below. Lvs. spread-

ing or recurved or arcuate, 7-10 lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Floral leaves more gla-

brous than in C. latifolia. Var. 8. has the leaves narrower, more channelled than

usual, and quite entire, though fringed with soft, minute, white hairs; but there are

intermediate stages connecting it with the normal form.

4. &, levis (DC. lc. 2); “leaves spirally disposed, lanceolate-linear,

136 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Callilepis.

acuminate, concave, on both sides smooth, the margin serrulato-subcili-

ate; glomerule on a woolly peduncle; floral leaves rather wider than the

cauline, at base villoso-ciliate.” DC. l.c. Burch. Cat. Geogr. 6870.

Has. S. Africa, Burchell! ;

‘‘ Leaves nerveless, finely striate lengthwise, shining, 6 lines long, 2 lines wide.

Branches woolly, especially near the apex. Heads within bracts on a woolly pe-

duncle. Outer iny. scales very short. Ligules of each head 1-2, nearly bi-ligulate,

very short, whence the head is pseudo-discoid. Pappus of the ray-fl. very short or

none ; of the disc-fl. membranous, toothed at the summit, longer than the tube of

corolla.” DC. t. ¢. Unknown to us. :

-XLVIL CALLILEPIS, DC.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-fl. numerous, in one row, ligulate,

female ; dise-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, perfect. Znvol. campanulate, scales

imbricated in many rows, lanceolate, subequal, Recept. flat, covered

with hard and dry, infolded, acuminate pales, clasping the flowers.

Style-branches tipped with a short cone, Achenes glabrous, those of the

ray 3-angled-compressed ; of the disc flattened. Pappus of 2-3 scarious

acuminate, unequal, persistent, keeled scales ; sometimes in the disc-fl.

1-2 minute additional ones.—DC. Prodr. 5. p. 671.

Glabrous or pubescent, rigid undershrubs, with subsimple stems or branched from

near the base, Leaves rigid, undivided, the lowest opposite, the rest alternate, linear

or lanceolate. Heads terminal, solitary, of large size. Pappus of the ray of 3, of

the disc usually of 2 scales. Rays numerous, white(?). Name kados, beautiful, and

Aemis, & scale ; in allusion to the palez of the receptacle, or the pappus.

Leaves broadly lanceolate, 3-nerved, entire or subdenticulate (1) Laureola.

Leaves linear-subulate, one-nerved ... .., ++. «1. sss +++ (2) leptophylla.

1. C. Laureola (DC. 1. c. 671); leaves opposite or alternate, broadly

lanceolate, 3-nerved, margined, quite entire or minutely denticulate.

Var, a. glabra (Sond.) ; glabrous in all parts. C. glabra, DC. 1. c.

Var. 8, intermedia (Sond.); thinly pilose on the stem. C. lauwreola, DC. I. ec.

rg y. hispida (Sond.) ; densely villous on the stem and young parts. 0. hispida,

; be

Has. About Natal, all the varieties, Drege! Krauss! Sanderson! Plant! Gerr.

§ M‘K. 325, fc. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Many-stemmed. Stems simple or branched near the base, with many erect, vir-

gate branches, 1-2 f. high, either glabrous or villous, sometimes densely so. Lower

leaves opposite, 1-14 inch long, 3 lines to 4 inch wide, rigid, acute or acuminate,

mostly denticulate. Heads terminal, the peduncle laxly leafy nearly to the summit.

Rays very numerous, nearly uncial. Achenes quite smooth, with a marginal,

entire wing. Var, 8. scarcely differs tangibly from a. ; I find its leaves (in Drege’s

specimens) as strongly toothed, and the pubescence very scanty: var. ¥., by its

copiously hairy stem, is more clearly marked.

2. C. leptophylla (Harv.); leaves scattered, linear-subulate, elongate,

one-nerved, quite entire. Zey./ 1043.

_ Has. Magalisberg, Burke § Zey.! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 f. high, closely leafy and branched below, laxly leafy above, glabrous,

or the younger parts softly villous. Leaves 1-14 inches long, not a line in diameter,

acute, flexuous, somewhat margined, quite entire. Flowering branches a foot long,

sparsely leafy to near the summit, rib-striate. Heads very similar to those of C.

Laureola, but the rays are rather smaller and less numerous. Achenes glabrous,

with a marginal, ciliate wing. sh .

Sphenogyne. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) - 137

XLVIII SPHENOGYNE, R. Br.

Heads many-fi., radiate, ray-fl. in one row, neuter ; dise-fl. tubular,

5-toothed, perfect. Recept. paleaceous, the palez scarious, clasping the

flowers, truncate or very rarely appendiculate at top. Znv.-scales imbri-

cate in many rows, the inner ones larger, amply membranous at the

apex. Style-branches truncate. Anthers tipped with a cordate appen-

dage. Achenes at the base girt with a circle of long, soft hairs, cylindrical,

scarcely narrowed below. Pappus of about 5, obovate or cuneate,

obtuse, broad scales, spirally rolled round each other before the flowers

open, much enlarged on the mature fruit, milk white. DC. Prodr. 5.

p. 681.

A large African genus of suffrutices or herbs, strongly scented, with gland-dotted,

mostly pinnati-partite, rarely serrate or quite entire, alternate leaves. Branches

mostly ending in naked, one-headed peduncles, in S. pinnata panicled. Corollas

mostly yellow ; in many species the rays are coppery or dark brown on the lower

surface, then said to be ‘‘ discoloured ;”’ when both sides are of the same colour,

they are “‘concolourous.” The name is compounded of o@nr, a wedge, and yuvn,

here meaning a flower.

Div. 1. THELYTHAMNOS. Outer involucral scales either without any membranous

edge, or with a very narrow one. (Sp. 1-38).

* Herbaceous annuals, with pinnati-partite leaves :

Rays dark-coloured on the lower side... ... ... (1) anthemoides.

Rays concolourous (yellow on both sides) :

Outer inv. scales oblong, obtuse, membr. tipped (2) calendulacea.

Outer inv. scales acute :

Inv. scales ovate. Pedune. solitary ... (3) feeniculacea,

Iny.sc.lanceolate. Pedunc.sub-corymbose (4) pusilla,

** Herbaceous (annual?), Leaves tongue-shaped, inciso-

serrate. Pedunc. very slender, thread-like ves” ots... (8). HEipon.

** Suffrutices, or small shrubs. Leaves various.

(a) Leaves hairy, silky or tomentose, pinnate or inciso-serrate :

Lvs. oblong, sharply inciso-serrate, very woolly (6) coronopifolia.

Lys. pinnati-partite : lobes linear.

Pedune. very short, or scarcely any:

Rays concolourous. Lys. crowded ...

Rays discoloured. Lys. scattered ...

Pedune. long, scape-

inate... (0) Dregeana.

Closely silky-canescent. Inv. scales 2

lin.-lanceolate... ... ... ©... ... (10) macropoda,

Pedune. long. Stems shrubby, branched :

Closely and softly silky-tomentose in

Oi parte coro eis ae Ge ee: (a) eee,

Hairy with short, curled, woolly hairs:

Inv. sc. densely tomentose, acute (12) abrotanifolia

‘Inv. scales glabrescent, obtuse, j

membr. tipped ... ... ... (13) subhirsuta.

(8) Leaves glabrous, pinnate, each lobe tipped with a bristly hair :

Stems glabrate. Rays discoloured... ... .... -.. (14) dentata.

Stems hirsute. Rays concolourous... ... ... ... (15) concolor.

Stems short, tufted. Pedunc. elongate, scape-like :

Rays concolourous :

Leaves naked at base, pinnate beyond the

middle (16) nudicaulis,

138 cOMPOSIT (Harv.) [Sphenogyne.

Lvs. pinnate throughout their wholelength (17) scapiformis.

Rays discoloured : : :

Lvs. pinnate throughout their whole length (18) chamomilleefolia,

Lvs. pinnate beyond their middle ..._... (19) Natalensis.

Stems erect, branching, suffruticose or shrubby :

Rays concolourous :

Leaves 1-2 inches long; lobes filiform :

Lvs, pinnate throughout, lobes 6-8

POI 35 sid sis eer eds Pop ese 4) eaten.

Lys. pinnate above, infew pair or trifid (22) erithmifolia.

Leaves 3 inch long or less; lobes very short :

Leaf-lobes several, the upper 2—3-fid (23) punctata.

Leaf-lobes few, entire, subobtuse ... (24) pauciloba.

Rays discoloured :

Pedune. one-headed, elongate, erect :

Outer inv. scales broad-based, oblong or acuminate :

Inv. scales acuminate: leaf-lobes

Wi gpk: cans: mgs ast csee 14O) Spetaitolis,

Iny. scls. aristate; leaf-lobes lin. (27) chamemeloides.

Iny. scales oval-oblong, obtuse :

Glabrous. Leaf-lobes6-8 pair (25) rigidula.

Cobwebby. Lf.-lobes2—3 pair (26) discolor.

Outer inv. scales very narrow-linear,

acuminate ... .... ... “s+. (28) paleacea,

Pedune, panicled, spreading or divaricate (29) pinnata.

(d) Leaves nearly glabrous, 3-5-lobed or parted :

Virgate shrubs, with straight, densely leafy branches : heads subsessile.

Leaves 5-parted nearly to base vss vee eee (30) quinquepartita.

Leaves 3-parted nearly to base eee es (ga): teapattita.

Diffusely branched: heads pedunculate :

Lys. 3-5 lines long, shortly 3-lobed; lobes blunt (32) trifida, —

Lys. 4 inch long, unequally 3-lobed; lobesacute (33) heterodonta.

Lys. 1-14 inch long, ciliate below ; lobes long,

PWOUUS nas, sis eh ES (34) trifurca,

(e) Leaves quite entire, glabrous or nearly so:

Heads subsessile. fon 5 lines long, linear ... ... (37) leptoglossa.

Heads pedunculate. Lvs. 1~3 inches long, linear:

Lys. rigidly ciliate in their lower half ... ... (35) ciliaris.

Lys. quite smooth-edged, very long ... ... (36) tenuifolia,

Heads pedune. Lvs. lanceolate, t-3-nerved.,. ... (38) Eckloniana.

Div. 2. Xerotepis. All the involucral scales with broadly membranous edges

and membranous expanded apices. (Sp. 39-44).

Leaves serrate or pinnatifid. Rays concolourous :

Lys. oblong, coarsely serrate; serratures deltoid (39) serrata.

Lys, oblong, inciso-serrate; serratures acuminate (40) incisa,

Lvs. oblong, pinnatifid, lobes 2-3-toothed ... ... (41) tridentata.

Leaves inciso-pinnatifid. Rays discoloured ... ... (42) odorata,

Leaves pinnati-partite, slender. Rays discoloured :

Thinly pilose. Lf.-lobes 7-12 pairs, bristle-pointed (43) pilifera.

Glabrous. Leaf-lobes simple, mucronulate ... (44)

Div. 1. THELYTHAMNOS (Sp. 1-38).

1. S. anthemoides (R. Br.); annual, erect, glabrous or puberulous;

leaves either pinnati-partite or sub-bipinnati-partite, the lobes linear-

filiform, acute or mucronate, the lower shorter or very small, the upper

bi-trifid or pinnulate, ing; pedune. long, naked, cernuous; outer

inv. seales ovate or o subacute, glabrous or puberulous; palez

Sphenogyne. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 139

uniform, sheathing, truncate; rays discoloured; achenes scaberulous.

Less, Syn.p, 242, DC. 1, c, 681. Arctotis pinnata,and A.cernua,Th.! Cap.

711-712. Arct. anthemoides, L, Bot. Mag. t.544. Zey. ! 2787, 2788, 2791.

Var. 8. versicolor; glabrescent; leaves mostly simply pinnate; rays purple at

base, pale above, at length becoming purple. SS. versicolor, DC. 1. c. 681.

Var. y. adonidifolia; glabrous or nearly so; leaves multijugate, the lower lobes

eg the upper long and compound ; palew golden yellow. S. adonidifolia, DC, l. .

Var. 5. microcephala; leaves sub-simply pinnate ; fl. heads half the usual size; the

whole plant starved. 8S. microcephala, DC. l.c. 682. Drege, 9101.

Has. Western and N. Western districts, common. Zwartkops R., Uit. Zey./

2788. £., Camiesberg, Drege! ‘y, Paarl, Drege! Lion’s Mt., Capetown, Ecklon.!

Tulbagh, Pappe! 5, Berg River, Drege. (Herb. Th., D., Sd. Hk.)

Stems 3-12 inches high, branched from near the base, the branches mostly straight

and erect. Leaves variable in section, even in the same plant. Palez of the fruit

twice as long as the involucre, either dirty straw colour or golden. Var. 8 looks

like a starved plant. I find no permanent marks between any of the above varieties ;

the inv. scales are identical in form in all, but variable in colour.

2. S. calenduleflora (DC. 1. c. 682); herbaceous, annual, branching,

glabrous ; leaves bipinnati-partite, lobes linear, flattish, divaricate,

subacute; pedunce. long, naked ; outer inv. scales oblong, obtuse, mem-

brane-edged, and tipped with small scales; rays concolourous, at least

four times as long as the involucre; pales uniform, truncate.

Has. Silverfontein and Knakarberg, N. W. coast, Drege! (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A much branched annual, 4-10 inches high, the branches ending in peduncles

4-5 inches long. Rays bright orange yellow, about an inch long: by which character

and that of the inv. scales this species is well marked.

3. S. foeniculacea (Less. Syn. 242); herbaceous, nearly glabrous,

erect ; leaves bipinnati-partite, the lobes linear, acute; pedunc. elongate,

naked ; outer inv. scales ovate,acute, glabrous ; paleze uniform, sheathing,

truncate; raysconcolourous. DC.l.c.p. 682. <Arctotis feniculacea, Jacq.

Schoenb. t. 156.

Van. £. pallida; slender ; leaves either pinnati-partite or sub-bipin. ; inv. scalespale.

Sph. pallida, DC. :

Has. Cape, Burch. Cat. 6166 (fide DC.). Eckl./ 8. near Clan- William, Ecki./

Camiesberg, Drege. (Herb., Sd., D., Hk.)

Except for its concolourous rays, I fear a character of little value, this scarcely

differs from S. anthemoides. I can by no means distinguish S. pallida specifically.

4. S. pusilla (DC. 1. c. 682); “herbaceous, branched, glabrous ; leaves

thickish, pinnate-parted, the lobes linear, sub-obtuse, either entire or

2-3 parted; pedicels numerous, one-headed, sub-corymbose, nearly as

long as the stem; outer inv. scales lanceolate, subacute; rays con-

colourous; pales truncate; achenes scaberulous.” DC.

Has. Olifant River, Drege! (Hb. Sond.).

Only known to me by a very imperfect specimen.

5. S. filipes (E. Mey.!); herbaceous, (annual?) tall, branching,

glabrous; leaves sessile, oblong, tongue-shaped, one nerved, acutely

and deeply inciso-serrate or pinnatifid, the marginal lobes subulate, the

three terminal bifid or trifid ; pedunc. axillary and terminal, very long

140 composit& (Harv.) [ Sphenogyne.

and slender; heads small ; outer inv. scales lanceolate, acute, minutely

membrane-edged ; rays concolourous. DC. 1. ¢. p. 687.

- Has. Draakensteenberg, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) :

A straggling herb, possibly annual, 1-2 ft. high or more, branching above, pale.

Leaves 1-14 inch long, the undivided portion 2-3 lines wide, the lateral teeth or

lobes 2 lines long, spreading or recurved, acute. Pedunc. 4-8 inches long, curved,

threadlike. Heads 3-4 lines wide.

6. S. coronopifolia (Less. Syn. 244); suffruticose, erect, every part

densely clothed with curled, woolly hairs ; leaves crowded, oblong-

ligulate, subtruncate, sharply inciso-serrate along the sides and at the

broad point, the serratures broadly subulate, mucronate ; uppermost

leaves linear, acute, entire; peduncles elongate, terminal, one-headed ;

outer invol.-seales densely woolly, acuminate ; rays concolourous; pales

erose ; pappus sc. subdenticulate. DC. 1. ¢. p. 683.

Has. Districts of Tulbagh and Worcester, Zeklon/ (Herb. Sond.)

Stem a foot or more high, subsimple, with 2~3 short, erect, subterminal flowering

branches. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 4 lines wide; the serratures spreading, with

wide, rounded interspaces ; the summit of the lower leaves shortly 3-lobed, the

middle lobe 3-toothed, the lateral 2-toothed. Pedunc. 5-6 inches long, densely

woolly, Outer inyol,-sc. hidden in their copiously woolly covering.

7. §. hispida (DC. 1. c. 683) ; suffruticulose, erect, softly hairy;

leaves pinnatisect, the segments linear, mucronate-acute, entire ; heads

nearly sessile above the uppermost leaves ; outer invol.-scales acute ;

palez 3-toothed at apex ; rays concolourous, short. DC.l.c.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 6998 and 7035 (fide DC.) Cape, Bowie (in Hb. Hook).

I have not seen Burchell’s specimens on which this species was founded. One

from Bowie, in Hb. Hook, is a branch about 5-6 inches long, closely leafy to the

summit. Leaves imbricated, ? inch long, with about 3 pair of shortly mucronate

pinnz, densely villous. Heads small, terminal, sessile, the invol. densely villous ;

inner scales with an oblong membranous apex of moderate size.

8, 8. brachypoda (Harv.) ; suffruticose, erect, slender, much-branched,

softly hairy ; leaves laxly set (short), pinnatisect, the segments 2-3

pair, linear, mucronate, entire, the lowest short ; heads few-flowered,

on peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves; invol. woolly, the outer

scales blunt; paleze bluntly 3-toothed; rays coppery at back, short,

bidentate.

Has. Voormansbosch, Swellendam, Zey./ 2798. (Herb. Sond., Hook.)

Twelve to 18 inches high, the young stems thinly villous, the older glabrate.

Leaves 4 inch long, the upper lobes 3 lines, the lowest 4-1 line long. Heads 3-4

lines.in diameter; the rays not twice as long as the involucre. The habit is that

of S, dentata, save the very short, scarcely uncial peduncles,

9. 8. Dregeana (DC. |. c. 683); stems numerous from a woody crown,

short, tufted, subsimple, tomentose ; leaves densely crowded, clothed

with long, soft hairs, pinnate-partite, the lobes linear, mucronate, entire

(or the uppermost 2-3-fid), on each side several, the lowest shortest ;

peduncles very long (8-12 inches), glabrescent, one-headed ; outer inv.-

Rene — acuminate, thinly pilose; rays concolourous; pales bluntly

Tun Soe eae

Haz. On the Gift-berg, Drege! 1g00-2500f. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Sphenogyne. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 141

Stems 2-4 inches high, in pulvinate tufts. Leaves 14-2 inches long, the lobes

not 4 line wide, sometimes all short and simple, sometimes 3 inch long and bifid or

trifid. Pedune. reddish, at length glossy and glabrous.

10. 8. macropoda (DC. 1. c.683); stems numerous, suffruticose, short,

tufted, subsimple, appressedly silky-canescent ; leaves crowded, the

younger appressedly silky, the older glabrescent, petiolate, pinnate-

parted above the middle, the lobes few (2-3 pair), linear, elongate,

thickish, mucronulate, simple; pedune. very long, glabrous; outer iny.-

scales linear-lanceolate, thinly silky or glabrate, acuminate ; rays con-

colourous ; pales subdenticulate.

Has. On the Giftberg, 1500-2500 f.; on the Kandeberg, 3-4000 f. and Ezelbank,

Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Stems 2-6 inches high, closely leafy, ending in a one-headed peduncle, 10-15 inches

long. Leaves 2-3 inches long, more than half the rachis petiolar ; pinne 2-3 pair,

3-1 inch long, erecto-patent. Membranous tops of the inner inv.-scales fewer and

less expanded than usual. Rays pale yellow. With the habit of S. Dregeana this

differs in pubescence, foliage, and the much narrower and longer invol.-scales.

11. §. sericea (Less. Syn. 243); suffruticose, erect, branched, densely

clothed with short, soft, close-lying, silky and silvery tomentum ;

branches densely leafy ; leaves on longish petioles, pinnatisect or bi-

pinnatisect above the middle, the lobes long or short, narrow, blunt or

acute, simple or divided ; peduncles elongate, tomentose, one-headed ;

invol. thinly tomentose, the outer scales ovate-oblong, obtuse or sub-

acute ; rays concolourous ; pales denticulate. DC. U. c. 683. Arctotis

sericea, Thunb.! Cap. p. 713.

Has, Cape, Thunberg! Cederberg, Drege! Tulbagh, Eckl./ 24 Rivers, Zey./

= 5- os gle Kloof, Dr. Wailich! Winterhoeksberg, Pappe! (Herb. D., Sd.,

Stems diffuse at base, or erect, simple or much-branched, 6-12 incheslong. Leaves

either simply or doubly pinnati-parted, always with the lower half bare of lobes or

petiolar. Pubescence very soft and close, pale or white. Pedune. 6-15 inches long.

‘The inv.-scales vary in being acute or obtuse.

12. S. abrotanifolia (R. Br.); shrubby, erect, branched, clothed with

soft, short, curled, pale, woolly hairs; branches elongate, densely leafy ;

leaves bi-tri-pinnatisect, the segments narrow-linear, divergent, acute,

the lowest short and subsimple ; peduncles elongate, tomentose, one-—

headed; outer inv.-scales densely tomentose, acute; rays concolourous ;

pale toothed at the apex. Less. Syn. p. 243. DC. l. c. 683.

Has. Paarl-berg, Drege/ Dr. Alexander Prior! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A shrub, 1-2 f. high ; the erect, curved, leafy branches 10-12 inches long, exclu-

sive of peduncle. Leaves 14-2 inches long, about an inch wide, the multifid lobes

3 line wide, flat and thinnish. Pubescence greyish, villous on the leaves, shorter on

stem and pedunc. Pedunc. 6-10 inches long.

13. S. subhirsuta (DC. 1. c. 683); shrubby, flexuous, branched,

thinly clothed with soft, curled, woolly hairs; leaves sub-bi-pinnatisect,

the lowest 4—5 pair of segments short, simple, the upper 3-4 pair longer,

and pinnati-partite, lobes and lobules linear, acute ; pedunc. villous,

2~3 times as long as the leaves, one-headed ; invol. glabrescent, outer

invol.-scales oblong, obtuse, membrane-tipped, brown ; rays concolour-

ous ; paleze truncate.

142 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [Sphenogyne.

Has. Near Swellendam, Mundt! Ecklon! Grootvadersbosch, Zey./ 2800. Riv.

Zondereinde, Zey./ 2801, Baviaan’s R., Gnadendahl, Dr. Pappe/ (Hb. Hk., Sd., DZ

A shrub, 1-2 f. high. Leaves 2 inches long, 1 inch wide; the lower lobes (pinne),

2-3 lines long, the upper 6-8 lines, 4 line to 1 line diam. Pedune. 3-4 inches long.

Near S. abrotanifolia, but much less hairy, with differently cut leaves, and a very

different involucre; the outer scales have a narrow membranous border as well as

expanded apex, but the membrane varies much in different specimens, as does also

the breadth of the leaf-lobes. Zey./ 2800 has broader leaf-lobes and more mem-

branous scales than the other specimens seen. Zey.! 2802 partly belongs to this,

partly to S. grandiflora, DC.

14, §. dentata (R. Br.) ; shrubby, much-branched, nearly glabrous ;

leaves (short) pinnati-partite, the lobes short, entire or trifid, the teeth

tipped with a bristle; peduncles elongate, one-headed ; heads rather

small, outer inv.-scales ovate, subacute or obtuse ; rays coppery under-

neath, DC. l.¢. 684. Arctotis dentata, Linn. (non Thunb.) Arct.

pectinata, Thunb.! Cap. 710. Arct. piligera, Berg.

Var. B. setigera; stem slightly villous; pedunc. with a few, distant, simple,

depauperated leaves ; inv.-scales dark-edged, ovato-lanceolate, some of them mem-

brane-tipped. Sph. setigera, DC. 1. c. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Has. On Table Mt., Capetown and near Simon’s Bay, common. Var. f. at

Cape L’Agulhas, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

A slender shrub, 1-2 f. high, with curved, closely leafy branches, ending in naked

peduncles, 6-9 inches long. Leaves 4-7 inch long, the lobes 2-3 lines long, rachis

broadly linear, all conspicuously gland-dotted and mostly quite glabrous. Outer

iny.-scales generally with a few dorsal hairs below the tip, sometimes quite obtuse

with a dark border. Invol. } inch diameter; rays twice as long: £. scarcely differs

from the state of S. dentata with dark-edged inv.-scales, which often has scattered

leaves on the peduncle, puberulous stems and equally long bristles to the leaves.

15. §. concolor (Harv.); suffruticose, much-branched ; branches

roughly setose; leaves (short) pinnati-partite, the lobes dilated, broadly

linear, short, the lower 2—3-toothed or lobed, the upper 5—7-lobed, all

the teeth and lobes tipped with a bristle, otherwise quite glabrous ;

pedune. elongate, one-headed ; heads rather small, outer inv.-scales

ovate, acute, pale ; rays concolourous.

Has. Sneewekop, Dr. Wallich? (Herb. D.)

Allied to S. dentata which it much resembles in aspect, but from which it differs

in the concolourous (pale yellow) rays, more compound leaves, with thinner and

broader lobes and hirsute stem. Leaves pale green, }-1 inch long, gland-dotted.

Pedune. 4-6 inches long. Heads 3-4 lines diameter.

16. S. nudicaulis (Less.! Syn. 243); glabrous; stems very short,

tufted, simple, densely leafy ; leaves sub-radical or cauline, petiolate,

pinnate-partite beyond the middle, the segments 5-7 pair, alternate,

erecto-patent, simple or the uppermost rarely 2-3-fid, apices obtuse or

subacute; peduncles very long, one-headed, nude or with 1-2 minute

bracts ; outer inv.-scales lanceolate, acute, puberulous, medial ovate ;

rays concolourous. DC.l.¢. Arctotis nudicaulis, Thunb.! Cap. 711.

Van. 8. gracilior ; leaves twice as long, their lobes acute. (Hb. Thunb., Sd., D.

Var. y. alpina; dwarf; stems procumbent, throwing up many short, crowded,

leafy branches, prolonged into sparsely leafy peduncles; leaves small (-inch long) ;

iny.-scales ovate ; rays concolourous ?

Has. Summit of Table Mt., common, Th., Burch, E.Z.! W.H.H., &c. Ware

Sphenogyne. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 143

8, Lambert’s Kloof, Dr. Wallich ; Cape, Thunb.! Var. y, Summit of Sneewekop,

Dr. Wallich! (Herb. D., Sd., Th.)

Stems decumbent at base, ascending, densely tufted, the leafy portion 1-2 inches

long: an underground or trailing leafless trunk, sometimes 6-8 inches. Leaves 14-2

inches, in 8. 3-4 inches long, the lobes }-4 inch. Peduncles 8-10 inches long, with

a few slender, filiform, scattered bracts. Iny.-scales rigid, dark coloured. Rays

a isbn as long as the inv. Var. y. may be aspecies, Its achenes are powdery

and shortish.

17. S. scapiformis (DC. 1. c. 684, ex pte.) ; glabrous or nearly so;

stems short, tufted, simple, densely leafy; leaves subradical and cauline,

pinnati-partite throughout their whole length, segments 10-12 pair,

the lowest short, subulate, acuminate, the upper longer, mostly 2—-3-lobed,

mucronate ; pedune, very long, slender, one-headed, nude ; outer inv.-

scales ovate or oblong, obtuse or subacute; rays concolourous, not much

longer than the inv.

Hap. Langekloof, Drege! DescentfromSneewekop, Dr. Wallich! (Hb. Sd., Hk., D.)

A smaller and slenderer plant than S. nudicaulis (to which it is closely allied);

with more numerous and taper-pointed leaflobes, and much smaller flower-heads~

It differs from the following by the concolourous rays, &c.

18. S. chamomillefolia (DC. 1. c. 684); glabrous or thinly downy

on the young parts ; stems decumbent or ascending, shortish, simple

(or branched) ; leaves scattered, pinnati-partite throughout the segments,

in 8-10 pairs, the lowest short and subulate, acuminate, the upper

longer, 2—3-lobed, mucronaté ; pedune. mostly very long, slender, one-

headed; outer inv.-scales ovato-lanceolate, acute, dark-edged; rays dark

coppery beneath, twice as long as the involucre. Also S. scapiformis,

DC. quoad Sp. Eckl.!

Var. f. elongata; stems 1 foot long, branched, suberect ; pedunc. 4-6 uncial.

S. chamomillefolia, Herb. Eckl.!

Has. Tulbagh and Worcester, Eck./ Waterfall, Talbagh, Dr. Pappe! B. Wor-

cester, Ack. / (Hb. Sd., Hk., D.)

Stems 4-6 inches long ; in 8. much longer and more erect, spare leafy. Leaves

13-2 inches long, the upper lobes 3-4, the lower 1~2 lines long. Pedunce. (save in

8.) 6-12 inches long. This chiefly differs from 5S. seapiformis by its discoloured rays

and longer and less glabrous stems.

19. 8S. Natalensis (Sch.! B. in Walp. Rep. 6, p. 182); suffruticose,

glabrous or nearly so; stems decumbent or ascending, short, subsimple ; _

leaves pinnati-partite beyond the middle, the segments in 3-4 pairs,

elongate, linear, apiculate, the upper sometimes 2-lobed; pedune. elon-

gate, nude, outer inv.-scales ovate, subacute, dark-edged ; rays dis-

coloured, twice as long as the involucre.

Has. Port Natal, Krauss! 446. Gueinzius, 335, Dr. Sutherland! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very near S. chamomillefolia from which it chiefly differs in its less compound

foliage. Stems 3-4 inches long, closely below, ending in a 3-5 inch long pe-

duncle. Lvs. 14—2 inches long, the lobes 4~6 lines long, mostly simple, rarely bifid.

20. S. anethifolia (Less. Syn. 243); erect or ascending, shrubby,

glabrous or nearly so; leaves pinnati-partite, the lobes linear-filiform,

acute, the lower ones short (or obsolete), entire, the upper often 2-3 fid;

pedune. long, one-headed; outer inv. scales from a broad base, linear-

acuminate, herbaceous ; ligules discoloured, 1-2ce as long as involuere.

DC. 1. c. p. 684.

144 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Sphenogyne.-

Var. a; leaves from the base pinnati-lobed ; upper lobes mostly entire.

Var. 8; leaves pinnati-lobed beyond the middle only ; lobes long and often 2-3 fid.

Has. Var. a, Zwarteberge, Zey.! 2804. Caledon, Dr. Pappe! Simon's Bay,

C. Wright! 399. Var. B. Cape, Verreaux! Thom! Sweet Valley, Wallich! (Herb.

5 oy a.)

A more robust, more woody, taller and more erect plant than S. chamomillefolia,

to which it is closely allied; it may also be compared with S. anethoides and 8.

crithmifolia, from which its discoloured rays separate it. Leaves 14-2 inches long,

the lobes 3-1 inch; in var. 8. many of the leaves are only 3-forked, the lower lobes

disappearing; Mr. Wright's specimen connects a and p.

21, S. anethoides (DC. 1. c. 685); shrubby, erect, branched, glabrous

or thinly cob-webby; leaves pinnati-partite throughout, the lobes 6-8

pair linear-filiform, mucronate, the lowest short, entire, the upper

frequently 2-3 fid; pedune. long or shortish, one-headed; outer inv.

scales lanceolate, acute, medial oblong, obtuse, membrane-tipped; rays

concolourous, about twice as long as the invol.; palez truncate.

Var. 8, brachyglossa (DC.); rays not much longer than involucre.

Var. y. ramosissima (DC.); slender, all parts smaller; leaves short; stem much

branched.

_ Var. 5. brevipes; pedunc. short (1-3-uncial) ; leaves closely set, mostly simply

pinnate. :

Has. Breede River and Drachenstein, Drege! Worcester, Ecklon’ Tulbagh and

Caledon, and Gnadendahl, Dr. Pappe/ Witsenberg, Zeyher! 826. f. Piquetberg,

Drege! -y, Giftberg, Drege! Tzitsikamma, Dr, Pappe/ 5, Albany, 7. Williamson!

T. Cooper! 1558. Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! New Year's River; Mrs. Barber

257. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

An erect shrub, 1-2 f. high or more, rather robust, the young branches mostly cob-

webby. Leaves rather,;crowded 1-1} inches long, the upper lobes 4—6 lines long, (except

in B. and y.), semiterete, channelled above, the lower much shorter. Pedunc. com-

monly 6-8 inches long, sometimes 4-2 inches, erect, sometimes minutely bracteate.

Inner invol. scales with a very ample, silvery-membr. apex. Ray bright golden yellow.

Variable in size, the heads in y. very small; in a, nearly an inch in diameter. Var, 8

has uniformly much shorter peduncles and closer leaves ; the latter 3 inch long.

22. S. crithmifolia (R. Br.); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so, erect,

branched ; leaves pinnati-partite (or trifid), the lobes linear-filiform,

semi-terete, acute, the lower lobes short or obsolete, the rest elongate ;

pedunc. unusually elongate, bearing a few, simple, erect, scattered

leaves below ; outer invol. linear, acute, or subacute, or obtuse, the

medial lanceolate, the inner amply membrane-tipped ; rays concolourous ;

_ truncate. Less, Syn.244. DC. l,c.686. Arctotis crithmifolia, Berg.

ap. 326.

Var. f, grandiflora; more luxuriant; larger in all parts, especially the fl. heads,

leaf-lobes more numerous, scarcely otherwise different. S. Dronditare: DOC.! 1.¢.685-

Zey.! 2802 (ex pte.), 2803. S. nudicaulis, Hb. Eckl.! 1706.

Var. y., trifureata (DC.); leaves (mostly) trifureate, petiolate. Arctotis trifur-

cata, Burm.

Has. Mountains near Capetown and Simon’s Bay, FE. ¢ Z. Drege! W.H.H. S¢-

Gnadendahl, Pappe! 8. Hott. Hott.-berg, Herb. Deless. Draakensteenberg,

Drege! Stellenb., W.H.H. -y., Capetown, W.H.H., MGillivray, (Hb. D., Hk., Sd-)

A stout shrub, 1-2 ft. high, densely leafy. Leaves 1}-2 inches long, the upper

lobes q-1 inch long, 4 line diameter, the lower lobes in y obsolete or wanting, in B

5-7 pair, in @ 2-4 pair, always much shorter than the upper. Pedune. 3-8-10

inches long. Heads 1-14 diam., with long, bright-yellow, gland-dotted rays—A

variable plant, but I cannot draw a line between var. a and A.

Sphenogyne. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 145

23. S. punctata (Less.! Syn. 243); shrubby, slender, erect, virgate,

nearly glabrous ; leaves (small) pinnati-partite, the lower and medial

throughout their whole length, the lower lobes simple, upper bifid or

trifid, all mucronate and very short; upper leaves lobed beyond the

middle only, pinnate or trifid; pedune. elongate, slender; heads small ;

outermost inv.-scales very few, small, acute, the medial oblong, obtuse,

broad ; rays concolourous, short ; pales truncate. D0. U. ¢. p. 685.

Also S. gracilis, DC. 1. c. 684. Arctotis punctata, Thunb. ! Cap. 711.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

A slender shrub, 1-1} ft. high; branches rodlike, 6-8 inches long, ending in

pedune. 4-6 inches long. Leaves about 4 inch long, the lobes 1-2 lines long; all

the upper leaves are petioled, or nude in their lower half and mostly trifid at the

apex. Heads few-fi., 3-4 lines across. Leaves gland-dotted as in other species, I

—— find any difference between Thunberg’s original specimens and Drege’s * S.

gracilis.

24, S, pauciloba (DC.1.c.686); “shrubby, branched, erect, glabrous;

leaves (short) coriaceous-fleshy, pinnatisect, the lobes mostly 5, subobtuse,

entire, the 3-terminal near together, the uppermost linear, undivided ;

the moderately-elongate pedunc. and the young branches somewhat

cobwebby ; outer iny.-scales subobtuse, dark-edged; rays concolourous,

not much longer than the invol.; pales truncate.” DC.

Has. Swellendam, on the Mountain, 4-500 f., Drege. (Hb. Sond., sine fl.)

Judging by ascrap, without flowers, in Hb. Sond., this seems near S. punctata.

The leaves are 4—-} inch long, the lobes 2-3 lines long, mucronate.

25. S. rigidula (DC. 1. c. 685); suffruticose, erect or ascending, gla-

brous or nearly so; leaves pinnati-partite, rigid, the lobes short, 6-8

pair, rigidly mucronate, the lowest shortest, entire, the upper either

entire or 2—3-fid ; pedunc. elongate, naked ; outer inv.-scales oval-ob-

long, obtuse, with a narrow scarious edge and small membr.-tip, obtuse ;

rays discoloured.

Has. Piquetberg, Drege. Hassaquaskloof and Buffeljads R., Zey./2799. (Hb. Sd.)

Of Drege’s plant I have only seen a scrap without flowers. Zeyher’s i

which seems the same, is diffusely branched, with subdistant leaves, the leafy portion

of the branches 6-8 inches long, the pedunec. about 6 inches. Leaves 1-14 inch

long, the upper lobes 3—4 lines long, the lower 1-2 lines, each pair 2~3 lines apart.

Inv.-seales glabrous, brown, with a narrow, white border. Pappus not seen, the

dise-fl. having been insect-eaten; the genus therefore uncertain.

26. S. discolor (Less.! Syn. 243); suffruticose, diffusely branched,

thinly cobwebby, becoming glabrescent ; leaves (small) pinnati-partite,

glaucous, the lobes in 2-3 pairs mucronate, lowest lobes very short (or

none), upper longer; some leaves simply trifid; pedunce. elongate, often

with a few linear, entire, appressed leaves at base ; heads small; outer

iny.-scales oval-oblong, somewhat membrane-edged and tipped, obtuse ;

rays coppery beneath ; pales truncate. DC. /.¢. 685. Also S. brevifolia,

DC.! 1. c. Arctotis dentata, Thunb. !non L. Sph. pilifera, y. sub-canescens,

DC. / in Hb. Drege, Prodr. 5, p. 688. :

Has. Cape, Thunb./ Uitenhage and Caledon, Ecklon! Swellendam, Dr. Pappe!

Drege! Zey.! 2795. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A diffuse or divaricate, much-branched half-shrub, 1-13 ft. long, all the younger

parts covered with prostrate, deciduous, cobwebby hairs. Leaves 4~{ inch long,

VoL. I, 190

146 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Sphenogyne.

the upper ones often only 3-fid, the lobes often hook-pointed. Heads 4-5 lines

diam., the inv.-scales reddish-brown, with scabrous spots under the membranous

tip, and a very narrow membr.-edge. Rays twice as long as the invol.

27. S. chamemeloides (DC. 1. c. 685); “ suffruticose, glabrous ;

leaves pinnatisect, the lobes linear, acute, the (lower) entire, the (upper)

mostly trifid; outer inv.-scales triangular, acuminate-aristate ; rays dis-

coloured.” DC. J. ¢.

Has. Algoa Bay, Forbes (fide DC.) S

“‘ Fl. branches sparingly leafy, 1-2 inches long. Most of the inv.-scales scarious-

membranous. Ligules 5-7-nerved,” DC. In translating the specific char. from

DC. I have ventured to transpose the words “ upper” and “lower,” which seem to

be accidentally misplaced in the Prodr. text. Possibly an Ursinea ; and if so, it

may be a mere variety of U. chrysanthemoides ?

28. S. paleacea (Less. Syn. 244) ; shrubby, nearly glabrous; branches

slender, virgate; leaves somewhat fleshy, filiform, the lowest pinnate-

partite, 2-jugate, the medial trifid at the apex, the uppermost linear,

quite entire; apices bluntish; pedunce. long, t-headed, with a few scat-

tered, linear leaves at base, outer and medial invol. scales very narrow,

linear-acuminate or subulate, rigid, innermost with a very small, mem-

branons tip; rays discoloured, scarcely as long as the involucre; pales

truncate, subdenticulate. DC. 1. c. 685. S. subflosculosa, E. Mey.! DC.

Lc. 686. Aretotis paleacea, Th.! Cap. 712.

Has, Cape, Thunb./ Cederberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Sd. Hk.)

A slender shrub, 1-2 feet high. Leaves laxly set, 4-3? inch long, the lobes 2-3

lines long, mostly blunt. Pedunc. 3-4 inches long, erect. Heads 4-6 lines in dia-

meter, the rays scarcely as long as the small-topped inner scales. Thunberg’s speci-

mens precisely accord with Drege’s.

29. S. pinnata (Less.! Syn. 243); shrubby, glabrous, much branched ;

branches virgate, spreading ; leaves (small) sessile, half-clasping, pinnati-

partite, the lobes linear-filiform, mucronate, in 2-4 pair ; upper leaves

tri-partite or simple ; inflorescence panicled, the fi, branches rigid, spread-

ing, sprinkled with a few linear, simple leaves; heads small; outer

invol. scales linear-oblong, obtuse ; rays very short, discoloured; palez

obtuse. DC. 1. c.686. Relhania pinnata, Thunb.! Cap. 641. Aretotis

pinnata, Thundb.! ex pte. Thelythamnos filiformis, Spr. f. Suppl. 25.

Has. Cape, Thunb./ Drachensteinberg and Giftberg, Drege / Caledon, £. & Z./

Baviaan’s Riv., Pappe! Cape, Wallich! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 feet high, the stout main trunk breaking into many spreading, rodlike, simple

or again divi rigid branches, which are closely covered with leaves in their lower

half, ing nearly naked or with a few distant, depauperated leaves upwards

for 8-10 inches below the summit, then panicled; the rigid, divaricating arms of

the panicle t-headed. Leaves 4~—} inch long, the lobes 4-6 lines long, slender.—

This is readily known by its panicled inflorescence.

30. S. quinquepartita (DC. 1. c. 686); shrubby, becoming nearly

glabrous, the straight, rodlike branches closely covered with leaves to

the very apex; leaves half-clasping, pinnately 5-partite nearly to the

base, the lobes linear-filiform, erect, acute, the undivided part broadish,

flattened, persistent on the older branches; heads terminal, solitary,

subsessile ; outer inv. scales ovato-lanceolate, subacute ; rays discoloured.

Chronobasis quinquepartita, Hb. Eckl.

Sphenogyne.] COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 147

Has. Stellenbosch, F.¢ Z./ (Herb, Sond.)

2-3 feet high, rigid, with very straight stem and erect branches, imbricated with

leaves. Leaves }-1 inch long, the lobes 8-9 lines long, the 3 terminal slightly re-

moved from the basal pair. Heads 5-6 lines diameter, the rays about twice as long

as the invol., dark-coloured beneath. Young branches and leaves pubescent.

31. S. tripartita (DC. 1. c. 686); shrubby, at first pubescent, be-

coming nearly glabrous, the straight, rod-like branches leafy to the

apex ; leaves half-clasping, 3-parted nearly to the base, the lobes linear-

filiform, erect, acute, the undivided part broadish, flattened, persistent

as a scale on the old branches; heads terminal, solitary, subsessile ;

outer inv. scales oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse, puberulous ; rays disco-

loured. Chronobasis tripartita, Hb. Eckl.

Has. Cape, Hb. Lambert (fide DC.) ; Swell., Z. Z.! Hott-holl., Drege! (Hb. Sd.)

_ Precisely like S. quinquepartita, save that the leaves are tripartite. The pubescence

is either a little more copious or more persistent.

32. S. trifida (Less.! Syn. 244); shrubby, slender, much-branched ;

leaves linear-cuneate, either all shortly three-lobed at apex or some quite

entire, the lobes flat, bisuleate beneath, obtuse, much shorter than the

undivided portion ; peduncles short, slender; heads small ; outer inv.

scales linear-oblong or lanceolate, acute or obtuse ; rays concolourous.

DC. 1. c. 687. Also S. triloba, DC. l.c. Arctotis trifida, Th.! Cap. 711.

Var. 8. gracilis ; more slender, many of the leaves simple ; inv.-scales narrower

and more acute.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Bowie! Swellendam, Burchell, E. Z.! Voormansbosch, Zey.!

2797. B., Cape, Bowie! in Hb. D. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

1-2 feet high, distinctly woody, though slender, the old branches bare of leaves.

Leaves 3-5 lines long, either all shortly trifid, or trifid and simple intermixed, con-

Spicuously dotted. Pedunc. 1-14 inch long. Heads 3-4 lines diam. The rays in

Thunberg’s specimen, though some are faded, do not appear to have been originally

discoloured—on one or two flowers they still retain their yellow. There seems there-

fore no reason for keeping S. triloba, DC. apart, on account of a supposed difference

in colour of ray.

33. S. heterodonta (DC. |. c. 687); suffruticose, glabrous (or cob-

webby), laxly leafy; leaves mostly trifid at top, petiolate, the two lateral

lobes usually longest, linear-filiform, acute, the medial lobes short, tooth-

like and somewhat hooked ; rarely all three nearly equal, often the

upper leaves simple, entire, or with toothlike lateral lobes ; pedunc.

elongate, one-headed ; outer inv.-scales acuminate, medial membrane-

tipped ; rays discoloured.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell, Verreaux! Uitenhage, E.Z.! Zey.! 2795 B-

(Herb, D., Sd., Hk.)

About a foot in height, slender, laxly leafy. Leaves }-} inch long, the lower and

medial ones mostly trifid, the uncleft portion twice as long as the lobes, the medial

lobe mostly very short. Heads many-fl., 4-} inch across.

34. S. trifurca .); suffruticose, glabrous; stems decumbent,

subsimple; leaves half-clasping at base, thickish, mostly 3-forked, the

uppermost simple, rigidly ciliate in the lower half, the lobes subequal,

linear terete, acute; pedunc. terminal, elongate, with a few scattered,

small leaves ; outer inv.-scales linear-oblong, brownish, medial slightly

membr. tipped ; rays discoloured,

10*

148 coMPosIT& (Harv.) [ Sphenogyne.

Has. Near the mouth of the Potrivier, Zey.! 2805. (Hb. Hook., Sd.)

Stems 3-8 inches long, prostrate, except at the upturned extremity, densely leafy.

Leaves 3 inches long, curved upwards. Rays yolk-yellow, brownish beneath.

With the habit of S. nudicaulis, this chiefly differs from S. ciliaris by the 3-forked

leaves ; it may perhaps be a variety ? Ps

35. 8. ciliaris (DC. 1. c. 687); suffruticose, glabrous ; stems erect

or ascending, subsimple (tufted ?) ; leaves half-clasping at base, linear-

subulate, elongate, thickish, glaucous, acute, rigidly ciliate in the lower

half, entire above ; pedune. terminal, elongate, nude or with 2-3 scat-

tered, small leaves, one-headed ; outer inv.-scales linear-oblong, brown-

edged, medial membr. tipped ; rays elongate, discoloured.

Has. At Cape L’Agulhas, near the sea, Drege! (Herb. Hook., Sd.)

Stems 6-8 inches long, closely leafy. Leaves very erect, rigid when dry, 1} inch

long. Pedune. 8-10 inches long, scapelike. Heads { inch diam., the rays at least

twice as long, golden-yellow above, dark coppery beneath.

36. S. tenuifolia (DC. 1. c. 687); suffruticose, many-stemmed, tufted ;

stems short, ascending, subsimple; leaves clasping at base, very long

(2-3 inches), narrow-linear, flattish, acute, glabrous ; pedune. elongate,

one-headed ; outer inv.-scales narrow, medial ovate-oblong, membrane-

tipped, inner amply membranous; rays concolourous. Arctotis tenuifolia,

Linn. Mant. 288. Ursinia tenuifolia, Poir.

Var. 8. heterochroma; rays discoloured !

Has. Cape, Eckl.! Cape Flats, W. H. H. Witkamp, Zey./ 3112. 8. near Simons-

town, C. Wright, 372. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stems numerous, 4-8 inches long, decumbent at base, closely leafy. Leaves 2-3

inches long, }-§ line wide, almost always quite simple, very rarely a pinnati-parted

leaf occurs intermixed. Pedunc. 6—10 inches long, naked. Rays in a, pale golden

yellow on both sides; in 8, which in other respects is identical, orange-yellow above,

coppery beneath. The habit is that of S. nudicaulis.

37. 8. leptoglossa (DC.1.c.687); “suffruticose, slender, erect, branch-

ed; branches sub-dichotomous, glabrescent; leaves linear, acute, punc-

tate, glabrous, quite entire (5 lines long, 4 line wide); heads terminal,

subsessile, small ; outer inv. scales oblongo-linear ; rays very narrow,

subentire, sparingly glandular.” D0. /. c.

Has. District of Swellendam, Burchell, No. 6897 (fide DC.)

38. 8. Eckloniana (Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 64); shrubby, robust, erect,

densely leafy; leaves sub-imbricating, linear-lanceolate, acute, flat, quite

entire, 3—nerved, sessile, or both sides impressed-dotted, minutely downy

beneath; pedune. 2—4 times longer than the leaves, one-headed, pilose ;

outer inv. scales lanceolate, acute, hispidulous; rays concolourous.

Has. Kleinriviersberge, 4th height, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond. D

Stems 2-4 ft. high, branches as thick asa goose quill, the young parts pubescent.

Leaves 14-2 inches long, 3~5 lines wide, broad and half clasping at base. Pedunc.

2-4 inches long; outer inv. scales herbaceous, brownish-edged, achene cylindrical,

glabrous, furrowed, girt with soft, white hairs at base, Pappus of 5-6 obovate,

obtuse, white scales.—A remarkable species, with the habit of S. serrata, but very

different involucre and foliage.

Se Div. 2, KEROLEPIS (Sp. 39-44).

39. 8. serrata (DC.!1.c.688) ; suffruticose, robust, puberulous, becom-

Sphenogyne. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 149

ing glabrate ; leaves crowded, half-clasping, oblong or lanceol.-oblong,

nerved, coarsely and sharply serrate; pedunc. terminal and axillary, nu-

merous, long, sub-corymbose, with a few small, subulate Iéaf-scales ;

theanvol. scales amply membrane tipped; rays concolourous; achenes

quite glabrous. Arctotis serrata, Thunb.! Cap.705. Ursinia serrata, Poir.

Sph. Sonneratii, Cass.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Burchell, 5965. Bowie! Swellendam, Mundt.! Grootvaders-

bosch, Zey.! 2806. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 2-3 ft. high, 3—4 lines in diameter, but full of pith, imbricated with leaves

throughout. Leaves 1-14 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, obtuse, equally serrate

throughout, the serratures obliquely deltoid. Invol. 4-3 inch diam., all the scales

amply membranous and convex. Rays golden yellow. Thunberg’s specimens are

more slender than the others cited above, with narrower and longer and more

pubescent leaves, but otherwise the same.

40. S. incisa (DC. 1.c. 688); “suffruticose, puberulous ; leaves elongate-

oblong, dilated upwards, inciso-serrate, the serratures acuminate, thelower

ones small and distant, the upper close and longer ; pedune. four times

longer than the leaves; rays concolourous.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Swellendam, Burchell, No. 7008 (fide DC.)

‘* Leaves 1} inch long, 2-3 lines wide at base, 4—5 lines at apex.” DC,

41, §. tridentata (Harv.); suffruticose, villoso-pubescent ; leaves

sessile, oblong-tongue-shaped, one-nerved, inciso-pinnatifid, the marginal

and terminal lobes sharply 2-3 toothed at the truncate apex, those of the

upper leaves simple or bidentate ; pedunc. elongate, numerous, with a

few small, subulate leaf-scales ; all the inv. scales amply membrane-

tipped ; rays concolourous; achenes with a few basal hairs.—Sph. serrata,

Herb. Eckl.!

Has. Cape Ecklon! (Hb. Sond.)

Much more villous than S. serrata, less robust, with differently cut leaves. Leaves

« inch long, the undivided portion 1-2 lines wide, the lobes 1-2 lines long. Heads

smaller than in S. serrata. '

42. S. odorata (R. Br.) ; “shrubby, glabrous ; leaves flat, inciso-pin-

natifid at the apex ; pappus obsolete; rays discoloured.” Less. Syn. 244.

DC. 1. ¢. 688. Anthemis odorata, Ait. Kew. 3. p. 238.

Has. Formerly cultivated in England from Cape seeds: now lost in gardens.

43. S. pilifera (Less.! Syn.244,non DC.?); suffruticose, thinly pilose ;

leaves pinnati-partite, the lobes 7-12 pairs, narrow-linear, the lower sim-

ple, the upper 2-3 fid, all tipped with a long, white bristle, dotted, nearly

glabrous; pedunc. elongate, pubescent near the top; all the invol. scales

amply membrane edged and tipped; ligules discoloured ; palez Jacerate-

toothed. <Arctotis pilifera, Thunb. ! Cap. 712.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Riv. Zonder Einde, Zey.! (Herb. Th., Sd.)

Slightly woody at base, simple or branched from the base, the leafy portion 6-8

inches long, ending in a striate peduncle 6-9 inches long. Leaves 1-14 inch long,

the lower lobes 3-4 lines long, the upper rather longer, and except on the upper

leaves, 2-3 fid, all dotted, tapering to the point. Heads an inch in diameter, the

rays white above, coppery beneath.

44, §. scariosa (R. Br.) ; “shrubby, glabrous ; leaves pinnatisect, the

150 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Ursinia.

segments linear-filiform, very entire, mucronulate ; pedunc. 2-3 times

longer than leaves, outer inv. scales altogether scarious, subrotund ; rays

sub-discoloured ; pales truncate ; achenes softly and thinly villous.

DC.1.¢.p.688. Less.Syn.244. Aretotis scariosa, Willd, excl. syn. Th. Urst-

nia scariosa, Poir. :

Var. a, brevipes (DC.); peduncles very short.

Has. Cape, Burchell, No. 5451. B, Cape, Drege (fide DC.)

Doubtful Species.

8. pilifera (DC. 1. c. p. 688, non Less.) ; “ shrubby, diffuse ; leaves

pinnati-sect, fleshy, spreading and shortly hispid, lobes linear-tipped

with a bristle; pedicels long, sub-hispid; outer inv. scales obtuse, with

a narrow membranous margin; rays discoloured ; pales truncate; pappus

scales obovate, rather shorter than the achene,” DC.—-Bot. Reg. t. 604,

and Jacq. Scheenbr. t. 155, fide DC.

XLIX. URSINIA, Gertn.

Character the same as that of Sphenogyne, except: 1, Achenes obovate

or pear-shaped, oblique, distinctly tapering to the base, quite glabrous,

with 5 obscure ribs; 2, Pappus biseriate, the outer (as in Sphenogyne)

of 5 broad, obovate, white, spirally rolled scales, the inner of 5 slender,

white bristles. DC. 1. c. 688.

Herbs or suffrutices with completely the habit of Sphenogyne, and undistinguishable

except by the above characters. Leaves pinnate-partite. Name unexplained.

Root perennial, Stem suffruticose or herbaceous. Rays mostly discoloured.

- Stems short, densely tufted. Pedunc. scape-like.

Leaf-lobes thickish, bluntly mucronulate ... (1) montana.

Leaf-lobes tipped with a white, subulate point (2) apiculata.

Stems elongate, diffuse, branched.

All the inyol. scales membr. tipped, obtuse ... (3) paradoxa,

Outer inv. scales ovate, subacute: palez toothed :

Quite glabrous; stemshorter than pedunc. (4) tenuiloba.

Glabrescent; stem 6-12 incheslong ... (5) affinis,

Outer inv. scales ovate-acuminate, very acute (6) chrysanthemoides.

Root annual. Rays concolourous.

All the inv. scales membrane-tipped, obtuse... ... (7) speciosa.

Outer inv. scales ovato-lanceolate, very acute ... (8) cakilefolia.

Outer inv. scales ovate, obtuse or subacute ....... (g) annua,

Outer inv. scales ovate, setaceo-acuminate. Palez

tipped with a reniform scale ... ... ... ... (10) pygmea.

1. U. montana (DC. 1. c.688); shrubby, ascending, depressed, scarcely

branched, the short stem and branches pubescent ; lvs. densely crowded,

pinnati-partite, pubescent, becoming glabrate, the lobes thickish, terete,

“the lowest very minute, and acute” (DC.), the upper linear or bifid,

bluntly mucronulate ; pedunc. naked, elongate; outer invol. scales

glabrous, ovate-oblong, obtuse, dark-edged and membrane-tipped; rays

small, discoloured ; palez truncate,

Has. On the Wit -8000 ft., Drege! (Herb. Hook. ,

I have only seen opt! aaron pcs The jew scarcely uncial,

pinnated above the middle, the lowest lobes (above described) not visible ; several of

the upper lobes bifid.

Ursinia.] COMPOSIT (Hary.) 151

2. U. apiculata (DC. 1. c. 689); shrubby, tufted, depressed, glabrous;

leaves pinnati-partite, all the lobes tipped with a white, conico-subulate,

cap-like mucro, the lower lobes very short, subulate, the upper longer,

linear or 2—3-fid; pedune. naked, elongate, outer inv. scales ovate, obtuse,

dark-edged and slightly membrane-tipped ; rays discoloured; palex

obtuse. -

Has. On the Sneeuwebergen, 5-6000 feet, Drege! also collected by Ecklon!

Elandsberg, 7’. Cooper! 218. Kreilis country, H. Bowker! 281. Natal, J. Sanderson!

(Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Root thick and woody. Stems numerous, 3-4 inches long, subsimple, forming a

dense tuft. Leaves about uncial, the lobes below the middle reduced to teeth, the

upper 3-4 lines long. In habit it is like the foregoing, but differs from that and the

following by the remarkable, ivory-white tips to the leaf-lobes. These are, however,

variable, and much less evident in the specimens from Kreilis country and Natal,

which in other respects are very similar.

3. U. paradoxa (Gertn. Less.! Syn. 245); suffruticose at base ; stems

diffuse, ascending, nearly glabrous; leaves pinnati-partite, the lower

lobes short, subulate (or tooth-like), entire, the upper linear, simple or

2-3-fid, all sharply mucronate; peduncles longish ; all the invol. scales

membrane-tipped, obtuse ; rays strongly discoloured ; pale subtrun-

cate (not appendiculate). DC. 1. c. 689. <Arctotis paradoxa, Linn. Th.

Cap. 712.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Thunb.)

Stems 6-12 inches long, simple or branched, laxly leafy. Leaves thickish, 14 in.

long, the upper lobes 3-5 lines long, all tapering to a very acute point, but scarcely

setaceous. Heads at least an inch across, with long rays ; outer inv. scales brown,

rigid, with an expanded, membrane tip. Rays coppery beneath.—I have only seen

this in Hb. Thunb.; Drege’s specimens, quoted by DC., so far as I have seen, belong

to U. chrysanthemoides as does also one of the specimens, marked “ paradora,” in

Herb. Thunb.—These species are easily distinguished by their inv. scales and palex.

4. U. tenuiloba (DC. 1. c. 689) ; “quite glabrous; stem suffruticu-

lose, subdecumbent, short, sparingly branched ; leaves pinnate-parted,

the lobes linear, aristate-acuminate, the lower shorter, entire, the upper

2-3-lobed ; pedunc. longer than the stem; pale obtusely toothed ;

inner pappus a little shorter than the outer.” DC. l. ¢.

Has. Katriversberg, Drege (fide DC.).

Ecklon’s “ Sph. feeniculacea,” from Uitenhage, referred to by DC., seems to me to

belong to U. annua.

5. U. affinis (Harv.); perennial (?), herbaceous, many-stemmed, dif-

fuse or procumbent, glabrescent or hispidulous; leaves pinnati-partite

or sub-bipinnati-partite, the lower lobes short or tooth-like, subulate-

acuminate, the upper 2—5-fid ; ped. elongate ; rays short, discoloured ;

outer inv. scales ovate, subacute, dark-edged ; pale obtusely 3-toothed ;

inner pappus rather longer than the outer.

Has. Cape, E. Z./ 1494; between Hassaquaskloof and Riv. Zondereinde, Zey.!

2793. (Herb. Sond.)

Possibly the same as DC.’s U. tenuiloba.” Stems 6-12 inches long, laxly leafy.

Leaves 1-1} inch long, the lower lobes sometimes wanting, often reduced to teeth.

Heads 3-4 lines diameter, smaller than in UV’. annua, all the scales black-edged, pale-

green on the disc ; the innermost with a dark-coloured scale. The stems are more

rigid than in U. annua, the rays discoloured ; the root very fibrous, and possibly

perennial.

152 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Ursinia.

6. U. chrysanthemoides (Harv.); half-herbaceous or suffruticose,

glabrescent ; stems diffuse or ascending, often rooting from the lower

nodes ; leaves sub-bipinnati-partite, the lobes linear, acute or mucro-

nate, spreading, either all compound or the lower ones simple, the upper

2-3-fid or pinnate; pedunc. elongate; outer inv. scales ovate-acuminate

or sublanceolate, very acute, glabrous; pales tipped with a roundish-

reniform scale, the outer ones sheathing, the inner narrow, linear-spa-

thulate ; rays usually more or less discoloured ; inner disc-fl. often (if

not always) abortive. Sphenogyne chrysanthemoides, Less.! in Hb. Thb.!

DC. 1. c. 682. Aretotis anthemoides (ex pte.) and Arct. paradoxa (ex pte. ).

Thunb.! in Herb. Ursinia albicaulis, U. pedunculosa, U. radicans, and

U. filicaulis, DC. 1. c. 689. Zey. ! 2796, 2794.

Has. Wet places, throughout the Colony. Cape Flats, 2. Z.! Drege / Simons-

town, C. Wright! 398; Steendal, Tulb., Dr. Pappe! Swellendam, and on the

Gariep, Namaqualand, Drege! Algoa Bay and Uitenhage, Drege! Zey.! &c. (Hb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

6-12 inches high, diffusely branched. Stems sometimes cobwebby ( UV. albicaulis).

Leaves 1-2 inches long, mostly bipinnate, sometimes very slender (U. filicaulis).

Pedune. 3-6 inches long or longer ( U. pedunc.). Rays } inch long, sometimes con-

colourous, but more commonly faintly, or fully discoloured. It is known from U.

paradoxa by the inv. scales and pale. I can find no limits between the four species

of DC. here united. Lessing’s plant (in Hb. Thunb.) is evidently the same, though

not being in fruit, he has mistaken its genus.

7. U. speciosa (DC. 1. c. 690); herbaceous, annual, erect, branching,

glabrous ; leaves pinnati-partite or sub-bi-pinnati-partite, the lobes

linear, flat, midribbed, the lower short and simple, the upper pinnatifid

and toothed, all bristle-pointed ; pedunc. elongate ; all the inv.-scales

tipped with a broad, obtuse membranous-scale ; rays concolourous ;

palez truncate.

_ Has. Between Kaus, Natvoet and Doornpoort, and Silverfontein, Namaqualand,

Drege! (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

About a foot high, with pale, straw-like stems. Leaves 14-2 inches long, the

lobes nearly 1 line wide, mostly compound. Pedune. 4-6 inches long. Invol. }-«

inch across, the rays fully an inch long.

8. U. cakilefolia (DC. 1 c. 690); herbaceous, annual, erect, branch-

ing, glabrous ; leaves somewhat fleshy, pinnati-partite, the lobes linear,

acute, the lowest very short or reduced to subulate teeth, the upper

long, simple or 2-3-fid; pedunc. elongate; rays concolourous ; outer

iny.-scales ovato-lanceolate, much acuminate, very acute, subscarious at

tip ; outer palez tridentate.

Has. Giftberg, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Six to twelve inches high. Leaves more simple than in J/. speciosa, from which

this specially differs in its involucre. The scales are rather rigid, purple-tipped, and

remarkably acuminate. Rays about an inch long, deep yellow or orange.

9. U. annua (Less. Syn. 245) ; annual, diffuse, much-branched, gla-

brous or nearly so; leaves somewhat fleshy, pinnati-partite, the lobes

linear, obtuse or mucronulate, the lowest short (or obsolete), entire, the

upper bi-trifid; pedune, shortish ; rays concolourous ; outer inv.-scales

ovate, subacute or obtuse ; palez tridentate.

Van, a, indecora; invol.-scales all concolourous, pale. U. indecora, DC. I. c. 699.

Eumorphia.] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 153

Vak. 8. nana; outer iny.-scales dark-edged (variably so). U. nana, DC. l. .

Has. Var. a., Nieuweveld, betw. Brakrivier and Uitvlugt, 3-4000 f. Drege’

Bitterfontein, Namaqualand, Zey./ 822. Var. 8. Silverfontein, Drege! Zwartkops

River, Uitenhage, Zey.! 2792. Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Two to twelve inches high, branched from the base. Leaves 1-14 inch long,

the lobes }-} line diameter. Pedune. 1-2 inches long. Heads 5~6 lines across.

I adopt Lessing’s name for the two sp. of DC. above indicated, and which I cannot

satisfactorily separate. To these might perhaps be added U. abyssinica, Sch. Bip. !

(Schimp! 1238). Nor can I distinguish ‘ Sphenogyne feniculacea,” Eck.! No. 312

(non Less.) which is by DC. referred to his “ U. tenuiloba” from the present: it

has every appearance of having an annual root.

10. U. pygmea (DC. 1. c. p. 690); annual, dwarf, corymbosely

branched, glabrous; leaves pinnati-partite beyond the middle, the lobes

in few pair, linear-filiform, acute ; pedunc. shorter than the leaves;

outer inv.-scales ovate, setaceo-acuminate, glabrous; pales dissimilar,

the outer sheathing, the inner very narrow, all tipped with a roundish-

reniform, membranous scale ; rays (concolourous ?),

Has. Valleyfontein, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

The specimens are 1-2 inches high, including the short peduncle, branched from

the base ; leafy nearly to the summit. The leaves are about ? inch long, some 2-3-

jugate, others three-parted. Heads 2-3 lines across. The rays are withered.

L. EUMORPHIA, DC.

Heads many-fl., radiate, solitary ; ray-fl. uniseriate, female ; disc-/l.

hermaphrodite. Jnvol. imbricate. Recept. convex, covered with palez,

inrolling the flowers. Cor. of disc tubular, 5-toothed, cylindrical, not

glandular, dilated at base above the ovary. Anthers without tails.

Branches of the disc-styles divergent, exserted, obtuse; of the ray

longer, subacute. <Achenes glabrous, prismatic, 3-4-angled, without

pappus. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 2.

A small, glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, imbricated, linear, very short. Heads

terminal, sub-pedicellate, with white rays and a yellow disc. Name from ev, well,

and yuoppn, a form; alluding to the neatness of foliage.

1. E. Dregeana (DC. 1. c. p. 3); Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 70. Zey.! 960.

Has. Sneeuweberg, 4—5000 ft., Drege! Dr. Wallich! Africa’s Hoogde, Burke and

Zeyher! (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

A rigid, woody, erect shrub, 1-2 feet high, much-branched and ramulous. Leaves

2 lines long, linear-terete, very blunt, decussate, closely imbricated, or, on the flower-

branches more distant, when dry with a dorsal furrow. Pedune. half an inch long,

mostly with 1 or 2 pair of leaves. Heads small. Invol. scales linear, blunt, shorter

than the disc.

LI. LASIOSPERMUM, Lag.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-fl. female, either ligulate or minute

and tubular; dise-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite. Recept. broad,

paleaceous. Jnvol. broadly campanulate, the scales imbricated, shorter

than the disc. Branches of dise-style truncate. Achenes wingless, with-

out pappus, the younger hairy, the old envolved in very thick wool. DC.

Prodr. 6, p. 37.

Glabrous, S. African herbs or half-shrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect, with

linear lobes. Peduncles long, terminal, one-headed. Ray-fl. when present white ;

dise yellow. Name from Aacios, hairy, and orepua, a seed.

154 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Lidbeckia.

Heads discoid; the marginal female fi. minute, tubular ..._ (1) pedunculare.

Heads radiate; the marginal-fl. ligulate :

Perennial. Rays linear, thrice as long asinvolucre... (2) radiatum.

Annual, Rays oblong, very short ie oe (3) brachyglossum,

1. L. pedunculare(Lag. Nov. Gen. p. 31); herbaceous, perennial ; leaves

“membranaceous,” pinnati-partite, the lobes linear, here and there lobu-

late ; invol. expanded, the scales oblong, obtuse ; heads discoid, the margi-

nal female flowers minute, tubular. DC. 1. c. p.38. Santolina erecta, Lam.

il. t.671.t.4 (eel. syn.). Sant. eriosperma, Pers. Schr. Hort. Monach. t. 67.

Has. Sneeweberg, 5-6000 ft.; and Winterveld, near Groot-Tafelberg, 3-4000 f.,

Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd )

Known from the following chiefly by its discoid capitula.

2. L. radiatum (Trev. Nov. Act. 13. 1.p.205); herbaceous, perennial ;

leaves somewhat fleshy, pinnati-partite, the laciniz linear, sub-falcate,

simple or with 2—3 linear lobes, all the apices sharply albo-mucronate ;

inv. expanded, the scales broadly oblong, obtuse; heads radiate, the rays

linear, thrice aslongastheinvolucre. DC.l.c.p. 38. Lidbeckia bipinnata,

Thunb.! Cap. 694. Lancisia bipinnata, Pers. Matricaria bipinnata, Spr.

Also Mataxa Capensis, Spr.

Has. Langekloof, Thunberg! Zachriver, Burchell, No. 1404. Roggeveld, Eckl. !

Smaldeel and Uitvlugt, Zey.! 821; Albany, Mrs. Ff. W. Barber / (Herb. Th., Hk.,Sd., D.)

2 or more feet high, diffusely branching, pale. Leaves 1-2 inches long, the upper

laciniz 4-1 inch long, } line wide, the lower shorter and simpler, all erecto-patent.

Upper leaves often quite entire, pedunc. 6-10 inches long, straw-colour. Rays white,

} inch long or more.

8. L. brachyglossum (DC. 1. c. 38); annual; somewhat fleshy bipin-

nati-partite, the lobes or lobules spreading, linear, acute or mucronate ;

iny. shorter than the disc, the scales oblong, obtuse; heads radiate, the

rays oval-oblong, scarcely longer than the involucre.

Has. Silverfontein, on the flats, 2000 f. Sep.-Oct. Drege! (Herb. D., Hk, Sd.)

About a foot high, branched chiefly from the base. Leaves 14-2 inches long, the

lobes divaricating. Pedunc. 2~3 inches long. Heads smaller than in the preceding,

and the rays very much shorter.

LIL LIDBECKIA, Berg.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. uniseriate, ligulate, neuter; disc-fl. —

tubular, hermaphrodite, 4-toothed. Recept. flattish, bearing a few fili-

form shreds. Inv. 2—3-seriate, the scales as long as the disc. Branches

of the disc-style truncate. Ovaries of the ray-fl. abortive. Achenes of

of disc fertile, wingless, glabrous, without pappus, longitudinally ribbed,

crowned by a cylindrical nectary. DC. Prodr.6, p. 39.

Suffruticose or half herbaceous. Leaves alternate, lobed or pinnatifid, the lobes

oblong or linear, entire, mucronate. Branches ending in one-headed peduncles.

Rays white ; disc yellow. Name in honour of Eric Gustavius Lidbeck, formerly

Professor of Botany at Lund, Sweden.

- Glabrescent, glaucous ; leaves subsessile, oblong, pinnatifid ... (1) pectinata.

Copiously a leaves petioled, palmately 3 plebad fo nay lobata.

1. L. pectinata (Berg. Cap. 307, t. 5, £. 9); glabrate ; leaves subsessile,

oblong, pinnatifid, glaucous beneath, punctate, sparsely pilose, the lobes

Thaminophyllum.] composira (Harv.) 155

on each side 3~5 broadly linear. Thunb./ Cap. p. 694. DC. 1. c. 39. L.

Capensis. Gmel. Lancisia, Lam. Ill. t.701,f.2. Lancisia pectinata, Pers.

Has. Rodesand R., below Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Thunb./ Pappe! Cape, Drege !

E. Z.! 24-Rivers, Zey.! 827. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) nef eras

2-3 f. high, sparingly pubescent or glabrous; branches long, straight, rodlike,

leafy. Leaves 1-14 inch long, the lobes 4-3 inch long, 2 lines wide, the lower

smaller, all mucronate. Pedune. 1-3 inches long, sometimes bearing 1-2 small

leaves. Heads like those of Chirysanth. leucanthemum. ( Ox-eye-daisy ).

2. L. lobata (Thunb.! Cap. 694); silky-villous; leaves petiolate,

sub-palmately 3-5-lobed, punctate, villous, the lobes broadly oblong,

short, mucronate, DC. 1. c. 39. Lidbeckia quinqueloba, Cass. Cotula

quinqueloba, Linn. f. Suppl. 377. Lancisia, Lam. Til. t. 701, f. 3. L.

lobata, Pers.

Has. Olifant’s Riv., Thund.! Clan William, F. Z.! Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb.

Th., Sd., D., Hk.)

1-2 f. high, copiously clothed with long, silky hairs, the young parts quite shaggy.

Petioles 3-1 inch long, about equalling the usually 5-lobed lamina. Heads smaller

than in the preceding ; invol. very hairy.

LIT. THAMINOPHYLLUM, Harv.

Heads few or many-fl., heterogamous; ray-fl. few or several, ligulate,

neuter ; disc-fl, hermaphrodite, acutely 4-toothed. Recept. naked, nar-

row or conical. Jnvol.-scales linear, sub-biseriate, loosely imbricating,

herbaceous. Anthers without tails. Style-branches truncate. <Achenes

oblong, subcompressed, glabrous, crowned with a hardened, conical

style-base or nectary. Pappus none.

Much-branched, ramulous, closely leafy, silky-pubescent small shrubs, with the

general aspect of Phylica. Leaves alternate, crowded, spreading or squarrose, linear,

acute, quite entire, one-nerved, with reflexed margins. Heads subsessile or shortly

pedicellate, terminal or in leafy racemes. Rays white ; disc-fl. tinged with purple.

Name from @auwvos, close or thick-set and pvddor, a leaf. Very unlike Lidbeckia in

habit, but closely approaching it in generic character.

Heads racemose, few-flowered, with two rays ... ... ....... (1) Mundtii.

Hds. solitary, short pedicelled, many-flowered, with several rays (2) multifiorum.

1. Th. Mundtii (Harv.); flower-heads in leafy, terminal racemes, pedi-

cellate ; ray-fl. two ; disc-fl. 7-8.

Has. Cape, Mundt! (Herb. Hook.)

A robust, much-branched, woody shrub, with the aspect of a Phylica. Leaves

5-6 lines long, } line wide, horizontally spreading or deflexed, linear, acute, silky.

Ray-fl. narrow obovate or spathulate, entire, without style, their ovary filiform.

Lobes of disc-fl, remarkably acuminate.

2. Th. multiflorum (Harv.); fi.-heads terminal, solitary, subsessile or

shortly pedicelled, many-flowered ; rays 10 or 12; receptacle conical.

Has. Cape, Hb. Hook.! Distr. of George, Dr. Alecander Prior! (Hb. Hk. Cap.)

Foliage and habit exactly as in Th. Mundtii, but the fi.-heads are solitary, many-

flowered, resembling those of an Osmites. I have seen perfect specimens in Hb.

Cap., collected.by Dr. Alexander Prior. The species was first named however from

a small it, marked “834” in Hb. Hook., without locality or ray flowers.

LIV. GAMOLEPIS, Less.

Heads many-fi., radiate; ray-fl. ligulate, female; disc-fl. tubular,

156 COMPOSITA ( Harv.) [Gamolepis.

5-toothed, hermaphrodite. Recept. convex, naked or slightly honey-

combed. Jnv.-scales numerous, uniseriate, connate into a cup for one-

third or half their length, or more. Branches of the disc-style tipped

with a cone. Achenes glabrous, wingless, without pappus, with a ter-

minal areole. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 41. Psilothamnus, DC. l. ¢. 41.

Small shrubs or herbs, mostly glabrous. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect, rarely

entire. Pedunc. one-headed. Flowers yellow. Naturally allied to Euryops, from _

which it is known by the want of pappus, and the appendaged styles. Name from

yopew, to marry of unite, and Aems, @ scale ; alluding to the connate invol-scales.

Annual. Lys. pinnati-partite. Inv. ovate-urceolate (1) Tagetes.

Shrubs or suffrutices. Invol. expanded :

Pedune. long and slender (at least 4 times as long as leaves, usually many-

times) :

Leaves pinnatifid or pinnati-partite :

Lys. crowded, 1-2 inches long ; lobes

broad, flat, oblong, nerved .......

Lys. imbricate, 4 inch long ; lobes shortly

subulate, pungent... <

Lys. sparse, 1 inch long ; lobes narrow-

linear, semiterete ... ... ... ... (5) debilis.

Leaves 3-lobed or 3-forked :

Pedune. many times longer than the leaves :

Achenes quite glabrous. Leaves glabrous or powdery.

Stem much-branched, flexuous,

closely leafy ; lvs. 4-9 lines

(2) chrysanthemoides.

(ro) munita.

Ong. Oe ee ee

- Stem sub-simple, straight, laxly

leafy; lvs. 14 incheslong ... (6) laxa.

Achenes velvetty. Stem short,

simple. Leaves pilose ... ... (9) hebecarpa.

Pedune. about 4 times as long as the

leaves. St. and lvs. quite glabrous... (8) euryopoides.

Leaves simple, short, subulate, imbricate or

app: (11) ericoides.

Pedune. short (twice as jong as leaves at most, usually much shorter) :

Leaves pinnati-partite :

Achenes tuberculated ... ... ... (3) pectinata.

Achenes smooth ... ...... ... (4) brachypoda,

Leaves 3-forked (or mostly so) :

Axils woolly. Pedune. scarcely

longer than leaves... ... ... (4) brachypoda +.

Axils glabrous. Pedunc. twice as

long asleaves ... ... ... ... (7) euryopoides.

Leaves entire, linear, mucronate... ....... (4) brachypoda p.

1. G. Tagetes (DC. 1. c. 40); annual, slender, corymbosely branched ;

leaves pinnati-partite, the lobes linear, on each side 5-7, either quite

entire or with 1-2 lobules, obtuse ; invol. ovate-urceolate, the scales

to-15, concrete much beyond their middle. Othonna Tagetes, Linn.

Sp.1309. Thunb.! Cap.723. Gamolepis annua, Less.! Syn. 251. Psilo-

thonna Tagetes, E. Mey.!

Has. On the Cape Flats, Thunb./ 2. Z.! W.H.H.! Groenekloof, ! (Herb.

eo cael te 3

» wiry, glabrous, mostly branching annual, 3-10 inches high, the

branches flexuous, ending in een nearly the same level, Leaves 1-1} inch

long, the lobes }-} inch. Rays broad, revolute, deep and bright yellow or full-orange-

2, G. chrysanthemoides (DC. |. c. 40); glabrous, dichotomous ;

Gamolepis.| COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 157

leaves crowded towards the ends of the branches, spreading, subpeti-

olate, pinnati-partite, or pinnatifid, the lobes on each side 3-5, broadly

linear or oblong-linear, flat, acute, nerved, the lower shorter or tooth-

like ; pedune. slender, elongate ; invol. campanulate, its scales ovate

or ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, several-nerved ; achenes obovate, bluntly

rib-striate.

_ Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell. 3641. Buffalo River, Drege, Pappe! Bosjes-

man’s R., Uit., #.gZ.! Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Apparently a shrub 2-3 ft. or more in height, the old branches denuded, the upper

closely leafy. Leaves 13-2 inches long, the lobes 1—2 lines wide, the upper often

confluent, erecto-patent. Pedunc. 4-5 inches long. Achenes dark-purplish.—The

leaves are much more membranous and expanded than in other species ; not unlike

those of Chrysanth. pinnatifidum.

3. G. pectinata (Less. Syn. 251); glabrous, erect, closely leafy ; leaves

coriaceous, nerveless, pinnati-partite, the segments on each side 2-3-4,

linear, semiterete, mucronate ; pedunc. about twice as long as the leaves ;

invol. campanulate, its scales lanceolate-acuminate, faintly 3-4-nerved,

concrete to the middle ; achenes densely tuberculated, subglobose-obo-

vate. DC.l.c. 40. :

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th., marked “ Othonna abrotanifolia, 1”).

This has the aspect of @. brachypoda, but the leaves are uniformly pinnatisect,

with longer lobes, and much more closely set ; not to speak of the tuberculated

achenes. I have only seen the solitary specimen in Hb. Th,

4. G. brachypoda (DC. Lc. 40); erect, subdichotomous, flexuous,

closely leafy, with woolly tufts in the axils of the young leaves, other-

wise glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, thick, nerveless, mucronate, polymor-

phous, either linear-entire, or with 1-2 lateral teeth; or 3-forked, with

subulate, lateral lobes ; or pinnati-partite, with 2-3 pair of pinnules ;

pedune. scarcely longer than the leaves ; invol. campanulate, its scales

lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4-nerved, concrete to the middle ; achenes

striate. Osteospermum heterophyllum, DC. l. c. 467.

Var. 8, integrifolia; most of the leaves quite entire, a few unidentate.

Van. 7, tridens; most of the leaves 3-forked or 3-fid. Zey./ 861.

Has. Districts of Albany, Drege, Burchell; Mts. near Grahamstown, in several

places, Zey./ 2801. Var. B, from Dr. Pappe ! without Hab. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 feet high, irregularly much branched, the old branches bare of leaves, the

upper densely covered with them. Leaves extremely variable, even on the same

branch, from 4-7 inch long, about 4 line wide, erecto-patent or squarrose. Pedunce.

rarely an inch long. Rays broad, twice as long as invol. or more. Achenes with

many slender, longitudinal, raised striz. 8. is more robust and more densely leafy,

with almost all the leaves linear. yy. may be mistaken for (. euryopoides, but is known

by the axillary wool-tufts, and thicker, narrower, sharply-mucronate leaf-lobes.

5. G. debilis (Harv.) ; stems many from a thick woody root, short,

subsimple, slender; leaves rather sparse, pinnati-partite, spreading, the

rachis and lobes narrow-linear, thickish, nerved beneath, subacute, the

lobes 2—3-pair; pedunc. elongate; inv. scales lanceolate, acute, connate

at base only ; ovary glabrous, smooth. G-. pectinata, var. Natalensis,

Sch. B. (not of Less.)

Has. Port Natal, Krauss/ 461. (Herb. D., Hk.)

Stems, in the only specimens seen (which appear to be a growth after burning)

158 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Gamolepis.

4-6 inches high, sparsely leafy below, closely leafy above. Leaves uncial, the lobes

4-5 lines long, 4 line wide. Pedune. 3-4 inches long. Heads small. Fi. yellow.

6. G. laxa (Harv.); glabrous; stems slender, subsimple, erect, laxly

leafy ; leaves thickish, linear, flat, trifid near the apex, the lateral lobes

alternate, linear, nerved, acute, callous-tipped, straight-pointed ; pedune.

very long, naked; inv. campanulate, its scales broad, oblong, acuminate,

pluri-nerved ; achenes obovate, smooth.

Has. Zululand, W. 7. Gerrard, 1015. (Herb. D.)

Stems from a woody crown, several, 1-2 feet high, slender, simple or with few,

very erect branches. Leaves 1} inch long, } line wide, the undivided portion an

inch or more in length, the lobes 5-6 lines long. Pedunc. 8-12 inches long, term1-

nal or pseudo-lateral. Inv. scales semi-connate, broader than in @. trifurcata, from

which this is known by its erect habit, long, straight, laxly leafy branches, and much

longer leaves.

7. G. trifurcata (Less. Syn. 251); at first cobwebby, afterwards gla-

brous; branches dichotomous, ramulous; leaves thickish, linear-terete,

mostly trifid beyond the middle, sometimes 5-lobed, sub-pinnatisect,

the lobes linear, mucronate, recurved at point ; ped. very long, naked ;

invol. campanulate, its scales lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved; achenes

obovate, bluntly 10-ribbed, smooth. DC. 1. ¢. 40.

Has. Between Graaf Reynet and Kamdekaka, Burch. 2961 ; Zondags Riv. and

Zuureberg, Drege! Uit. and Clanw., Z. Z.! Bushman’s R., Albany, Zey./ Koega

Kamma Kloof, Zey./ 2808. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

A scrubby, much-branched bush, about a foot high, the lower branches nude.

Leaves 4-9 lines long, the lobes 1-3 lines, generally much shorter than the undi-

vided portion of the leaf. Pedune. 8-12 inches long, pale, 1-headed. Rays yellow,

2-3 times as long as invol. Achenes pear-shaped, ribbed and furrowed.

8. G. rs aa (DC. 1. c. 41); glabrous, erect; leaves crowded,

mostly trifid to the middle, some entire, the rachis and lobes linear,

concave, thickish, subacute; pedune. 2-4 times longer than the leaves ;

iny. scales lanceolate-oblong, subacute; achenes obovate, 10-ribbed and

furrowed, the ribs finely cross-striate.

Has. Cape, Bowie/ Vanstaadenberg, Uit., H#. Z./ Zey./ 2810; Grahamstown,

Sir. C.F. Bunbury! Genl. Bolton! Sandfontein, Burke! Port Elizabeth, Dr. Pappe /

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

An erect, leafy bush, 2 feet high, with the aspect of Ewryops abrotanifolia, in all

parts, even the young shoots, quite glabrous. Leaves 1-1} inch long, the lobes

about 3 inch, 4-1 line wide. Pedunc. 2-4 inches long. Ripe achenes strongly

ribbed and furrowed,

9. G. hebecarpa (DC. 1.c. 41); stemshort, sub-simple, robust, ligneous ;

leaves crowded, 3-forked or simple, the rachis and lobes linear, fleshy,

sub-terete, rigid, mucronate, the younger ones pilose with long, white

hairs, the older spreading or reflexed, glabrate; pedunc, elongate ; invol.

flattish, the scales 20-24, lanceolate, ciliolate ; achenes turbinate, vel-

vetty-canescent.

Has. At Cape L’Agulhas, Drege! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 3-6 inches long, densely leafy, at length denuded below. Leaves 1-14 inches

long, a line in diameter, the young softly pilose; perfectly simple and entire leaves

occur here and there among the 3-forked. Pedunc. 12-14 inches long. Invol. 1 inch

diameter; rays 1 inch long, bright yellow. The largest flowered species, and well

marked by its velvetty fruit, &e.

Steirvodiscus. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 159

10. G. munita (Less.! Syn. 251); quite glabrous, erect, sub-dichoto-

mous, branches closely imbricated with short leaves; leaves erect-incur-

ved, sessile, rigid, strongly midribbed, pinnatifid, the lobes on each side

three, shortly subulate, acuminate, nerved; pedunc. elongate, wiry, from

the forks, or the ends of the branches; invol. campanulate, its scales

about 12, concrete to about their middle; achenes smooth. DC.l.c.p. 40.

Othonna munita, Linn. f.suppl. 388. Th. ! Cap.722. Osteospermum fallax,

Spr. !—DC. ! 1c. p. 467.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Worcester, Eckl, Gauritz R., Burchell. Kromriver, Lange-

kloof, Drege! Vanstaadenberg, Zey./ 2809. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ;

A very rigid small shrub, t-2 f. high; the forked branches clothed throughout

with close lying pale-green neat foliage. Leaves about } inch long, the lobes 1-2

lines long, broad or narrow, very acute, keeled. Pedunc. 6-8 inches long, quite

naked. Invol. scales acuminate. Rays yellow, obtuse, 2-3 times as long as involucre.

11. G. ericoides (Less. ! Syn. 251); stems shrubby, di-tri-chotomons,

much branched, closely imbricated with short leaves, sparingly cobwebby

in the axils, otherwise quite glabrous ; leaves trigono-subulate orsubulate,

rigid, very acute, erect or erecto-patent, more or less incurved or closely

appressed ; pedunc. elongate ; invol. scales connate for about a third their

length, lanceolate, acute; achenes (not quite ripe) ridged and furrowed,

the ribs warted. DC.l.c.41. Also Psilothamnus ericifolius, DC. l.¢. 41.

Othonna ericoides, Th. !. Cap. 717.

Var. 8, adpressifolius; rather more slender; leaves very closely appressed, the

branches rope-like. Psilothamnus adpressifolius, DC.! 1. c.

Var. y. incurvifolius; more robust; leaves hooked inwards, trigono-subulate,

keeled, on each side bisuleate. Othonna ericoides, Thunb. ! in Herb.

Has. Cannaland, Thunberg! Swellendam and Albany, Drege! Uitenhage, F. ¢ Z.

Amsterdamvlacte, mouth of Zwartkops Rr. Zey./ B and 7, in the same localities.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A small, much branched, erect, rigid shrub; branches many times irregularly

forked and closely imbricated with leaves throughout. Leaves 14-24 lines long,

from broadish, clasping bases, sometimes trigono-subulate, with a very thick midrib,

margined on each side by an evident lamina (as in Thunberg’s and some of E. § Z.’s

Rs ES A ogg lp alin eg wera pecan aaa eg ee

e ints varies » as aiso € con .

Padune: wiry, 6-8 ince long. ers small. Mawel scales inly connate, ook

to a rather less extent than in other species.— Nearly allied to G. munita, chiefly

differing in foliage.

LV. STEIRODISCUS, Less.

Heads several-fl., heterogamous ; ray-/l. female, ligulate, disc. herma-

phrodite but sterile, terete, 5-toothed. Recept. naked. Jnvol. campanu-

late, of many scales in a single row. Ovaries of disc linear, glabrous,

without pappus, always sterile. Branches of disc-style tipped with a

cone, Achenes of ray-fi. obovoid, silky. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 74.

Small annuals with the is Tagetes in miniature. Leaves ti-

partite; the lobes linear- filiform, oo eee or with 1—2 lobules, ohien

Heads terminal, solitary, with 5-1o rays. Name from creipos, sterile and dickos, the

disc ; because the disc-Howers are sterile,

1, S. capillaceus (Less. Syn. 251); inv. scales green (not-dotted), with

narrow margins, subacute; rays 5-6, pale yellow as the disc. DC. l.¢,

74 Cineraria capillacea, Th. ! Cap. 672.

160 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Iocaste.

Has. In sands. Zwartland, Thunberg. Paarl, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 inches high, very slender, glabrous. Leaves uncial, their lobes 2-4 lines long,

4-line wide. Heads few-fl., 2-lines diameter. Rays revolute.

2. S. linearilobus (DC. 1. c. 74); inv. scales black-dotted, with wide

margins, acuminate; rays 8-10, deep orange, rather darker than the disc.

Has. Olifant’s River, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.)

4-6 inches high, very similar to the preceding, but the heads are larger (3 lines

diam.), the rays more numerous and of deeper colour, and the inv. scales dotted.

LVI. IOCASTE, E. Mey.

Heads several-fl., heterogamous; ray-fl. 1-2, ligulate, female ; dzsc-/.

12-15, tubular, 5-toothed. Inv, 2-3-seriate, imbricate, the inner scales

scarious-tipped. Recept. naked. Branches of style truncate, Anth. not

tailed, tipped with a scale. Achenes terete, with 8-10 obtuse, raised

strie, glandularly scabrid, without pappus, truncate. HZ. Mey./ MSS.

in Hb. Drege. Oligoglossa, DC.! Prodr. 6, p.76. Jacosta, Endl. Gen. 2680.

A glabrous, many-stemmed suffrutex, the branches closely leafy at base, laxly

leafy, or half naked upwards, and corymbosely panicled at top. Leaves linear-subu-

late, erect, quite entire, keeled, pungent. Heads pedicellate, fl. yellow. 2. Meyer's

gen. name, here preserved, is mythological.

1. I. acicularis (E. Mey.!); Oligoglossa acicularis, DC. / 1. c.

Has. Oudeberg, 3-4000f.; and Nieuweveld, betw. Rhinosterkop and Ganzefon-

tein, 3500-4500 f., Drege! Uitenhage £. Z.! Cradock, Burke! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Woody at base and dividing into several stem-like branches, 1-14 foot high, the

lower part, for 2-4 inches long, closely leafy. Leaves $-1 in. long, not 1 line diam.,

the upper small and distant, pale . Heads laxly corymbose, on slender pedi-

cels, 2-3 lines diam. Iny.-scales ciliate : at top. Tube of corolla glandularly scabrous.

LVII.? PHYMASPERMUM, Less.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous ; ray-/l. of two forms, some ligulate,

some filiform ; disc. hermaphrodite, terete, 5-toothed. Recept. naked,

flat. Inv, campanulate, closely imbricated. Ovary wingless, without

pappus, papillose-canescent, elliptical. Style of disc-fl. with truncate

branches. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 44.

A much-branched shrub. Leaves scattered, sessile, leathery, linear, keeled, with

very entire, revolute margin, at length shining. Heads solitary, small, terminal ;

rays white. Inv.-scales tomentose, obtuse, mucronate. Achenes obovate. Name

from uua, a swelling, and orepua, a seed ; the achenes are papillated.

1, Ph. junceum (Less.! Syn. 253); DC.l.c. 44. Osteospermum jun-

ceum, Thunb.! Cap. 714.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Stem diffusely branched, angularly ribbed, minutely puberulous, reddish. Leaves

5-7 lines long, quite glabrous, rigid, erect or erecto-patent, the revolute margin con-

cealing the lower surface. Of this a very poor specimen, from which all the flowers

have dropped, alone remains in Herb, Thunb. It is glued on a sheet with a speci-

men of Osteosp. spinosum. I have been unable to verify the generic character. The

aspect is quite that of a genuine Osteospermum.

e LVIII. ADENACHENA, DC.

__ Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-fl. ligulate, 1-seriate, female;

disc-fl. hermaphrodite, 4—5-fid, with a terete tube. Jnv-scales shorter

Chrysanthemum.| CcoMposiT& (Harv.) 161

than the disc, in 2-3 rows, subequal, linear-lanceolate, the inner obtuse.

Recept. plano-convex, at length subglobose, minutely papillose. Aechenes

all subterete, without pappus, truncate and denticulate at the expanded

summit, rib striate, the strize covered with papille or glandular granules.

DC. Prodr. 6, p.49.

Erect, much-branched, glabrous or pubescent, S. African small shrubs. Pedunc.

terminal, one-headed, short. Leaves alternate, linear, trifid, or on each side one-

toothed. Rays white, reflexed. Name from adyv, a gland, and achenium; from the

glandular fruit.

Glabrous ; leaves sharply 3-lobed and simple; rays numerous (1) leptophylla,

Thinly silky or glabrous ; lvs. blunt, simple or 3-lobed; raysfew (2) parvifolia.

1. A. leptophylla (DC. 1. c. 49); quite glabrous ; leaves linear, with

strongly revolute margins (5-12 lines long) acute, sometimes trifid;

heads very many-flowered ; rays about 15; recept. convex.

Has. Swellendam, Drege, Dr. Pappe! Karroo, Ecklon! (Herb. D., Sd.)

A rigid, erect or spreading, small bush, with pale stems and foliage. Leaves from

4-1 inch long, not a line wide, erect or spreading. Heads like those of Chrysanth,

eam but smaller. Recept, at length hemispherical. Achenes densely

2) .

2. A. parvifolia (DC. 1. c. 50); appressedly pubescent or glabrous ;

leaves linear, with subrevolute margins, obtuse or mucronulate, often

tufted, either quite simple, or obtusely 3-lobed ; rays 6-9; recept. flat ;

achenes striate, papulose ; corolla viscidulous.

Var. a. pubescens; twigs and leaves closely pubescent. A. pubescens, DC. l. ¢. 49.

Var. £. glabra; quite glabrous. <A. parvifolia, DC. l. c.

Has. Nieuwe Hantam, Drege! Wolfkop and Cradock, Burke! Albany, Mrs. FP.

W. Barber! 410, B. Uitenhage, Ecklon. Albert, T. Cooper! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A rigid, robust, much-branched and ramulous scrubby bush, 12 inches or more

high. Leaves mostly tufted, very variable in length, from 2-3 lines to an inch

long, less than a line wide, mostly thinly silky. Heads on short, silky peduncles,

about 15-flowered ; the disc-fl. reddish or yellow. ‘‘ This is known in the Colony

as ‘the good Karroo’ ; it is one of the most valuable plants, as pasture, for Merino

sheep, and where it grows plentifully the farms are most favourable for woolled

sheep.” —WMrs. F. W. Barber.

LIX. CHRYSANTHEMUM, L.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous ; ray-/l. ligulate, uniseriate, female or

rarely neuter, disc-fl. hermaphrodite, 4—5-toothed, with a compressed,

fleshy, 2-winged tube. Jnv. imbricate, campanulate, the scales mem-

brane-edged. Recept. naked, flat or convex. Style-branches truncate.

Achenes dissimilar: those of the ray 3-angled or 3-winged, 2 angles or

wings lateral, the third on the inner face ; of the disc compressed or

subterete, with a short wing on the inner face. Pappus none, or coroni-

form. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 63.

Herbs or small shrubs, European and African: habit various. Leaves alternate.

Rays yellow or white, or white with a yellow base. :

Annual. Rays yellow. Leaves oblong, sharply toothed oreut (1) segetum,

Shrubs, with linear-filiform, simple or trifid, or pinnately 5-lobed leaves :

Peduncles very long, filiform :

Leaf-lobes long, slender, erect, acute (or none) ... (2) nodosum,

Leaf-lobes short, fleshy, spreading (rarely none) ... (3) Thunbergii.

VoL. II. 11

162 composit& (Harv.) [Chrysanthemum.

Peduncles very short :

Leaves mostly shortly trifid at the apex, semiuncial (4) carnosulum.

Leaves quite simple, uncial (very rarely 3-lobed) ... (4) carnosulum B.

Perennial, sub-simple. Rays white. Lvs. lanceolate, sharply

MN as ke ee ig SER nae a Eg) Oa

1, C. segetum (Linn. Sp. 1254); annual, glabrous, branching; leaves

amplexicaul, oblong, some sharply and coarsely toothed, others lacini-

ate ; pedunc. terminal, one-headed ; inv.-scales with very wide, mem-

branous edges ; achenes without pappus. DO. 1. c.64. H. Bot. t. 540.

Has. A corn-weed, introduced from Europe. It has already penetrated ‘the

bush,’ 50 miles beyond the Kei, H. Bowker! 335. (Herb. D.)

Flower-heads large, handsome, bright golden yellow. One of the plants called

* Gowan” in Scotland.

2. C. nodosum (DC. 1. c. 65); shrubby, quite glabrous ; leaves from

callous,swollen bases, linear-filiform, slender, either quite entire or beyond

the middle trifid or pinnately 5-lobed, the lobes elongate, acute ; pedunc.

terminal or axillary, very long, naked, one-headed ; outer inv.-scales

broadly ovate, acute, striate, inner widely membrane-edged ; rays con-

colourous ; disc-fl. 5-toothed ; achenes amply winged ; pappus coronl-

form, membranous. Aretotis nodosa, Th.! Cap. 711. Pinardia nodosa,

Less.! in Linn. 1831, p. 169. Ismelia nodosa, Less.! Syn. 255. Also

Chrys. leptophyllum, DC.! lc. 65. Argyranthemum leptophyllum, Fenzl.

ate Bead hee: Thunberg! Olifant’s R, and Kl. Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb.

» Hk., D.)

A subdichotomous shrub, 1-2 f. high, the old branches bare and rough with the

wartlike swollen bases of the fallen leaves. Leaves 1-1} inch long, not 4 line diam.,

simple and ite on the same branch. Pedunc. 8—12 inches long. Heads finch diam.

or more. habit is that of a Sphenogyne. I have compared Drege’s ‘‘ Ch. leptophyt-

dum” with Thunberg’s original specimen, and find them identical in all respects.

3. C. Thunbergii (Harv.); shrubby, quite glabrous ; leaves linear-

terete, fleshy, either entire or near the summit shortly trifid or pinnately

5-fid, the lobes short or teoth-like, spreading, subacute; pedune. termi-

nal, very long, naked, 1-headed; outer invol. scales short, ovate, inner

widely membrane-edged and tipped; rays linear, concolourous (?); dis¢

fl. 5-toothed ; achenes amply winged; pappus coroniform, membranous.

C. frutescens, Thunb.! Cap. 693 (non Linn.). Pyrethrum frutescens, Hb.

Th.! n. 2. Ismelia frutescens, Less. ! Syn.255. Pinardia frutescens, Less.

in Linn, l. c.

Has. C Thunberg ! erb, Thunb.

With the foliage of C. peril this ii the peduncle and inyolucre of C. nodo-

sum. Two i marked ‘‘ Pyrethrum frutescens” exist in Hb. Thunb.; one of

them, marked “No. 2,” belongs to this species; the other, “No.1,” to C. carnosulum.

4. C. carnosulum (DC. 1.c. 65); shrubby, quite glabrous ; leaves li-

near-terete, fleshy, dotted, some quite entire, most of them near the sum-

mit shortly trifid, the lobes patent or recurved, mucronate; pedune.

very short (2-3 times longer than the leaves), 1-headed; outer invol.

es oblong, obtuse, the inner membrane-tipped, with a narrow, mem-

bic ath short, concolourous; dise-flower 5-toothed ; peppus

Tonttorm, membranous, ample. Pyrethrum frutescens, No. 1 .

Herb. Pentzia frutescens, Fentl. am

Brachymeris. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 163

Var. 8, filifolium ; leaves uncial, almost «l/ of them quite entire, 1 or 2 occasion-

ally 3-lobed.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! East of Capetown, Burchell / 6578 ; Karmelksriver, on

hills, Swell., Drege/ Zey.! 2831; at Gauritz R., Swell, Dr. Pappe/ 8, Swellendam,

Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

2 feet high, much-branched and twiggy, the branches woody, rigid, slender, angle-

striate. Leaves about } inch long, the lobes 1 line long. Pedunc. 1-1} inch long

or less. Heads } inch diameter. Var. 8. has terete leaves, an inch long, mostly

quite simple ; but in one sp. (in Herb, D.) a few leaves are trifid, as in the ordi-

nary state.

5. C.? osmitoides (Harv. Thes. t. 152); stems erect, suffruticose at base,

subsimple, rib-furrowed, puberulous, becoming glabrate, leafy; leaves

alternate, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, glabrous, the

uppermost reduced, subentire; heads shortly pedicellate, terminal, or

3-subeorymbose, many-fl.; invol. pauciseriate, the scales with membra-

nous, torn edges; rays numerous, creamy white; disc-fl. 5-toothed,

subterete ; pappus none ; achenes (immature) of disc and ray obovate,

compressed, 10-ribbed.

Has. Omgati, Natal, W. T. Gerrard, 1026. (Herb. D.)

Stems 2-3 feet high, several from the crown? simple, 1- or few-headed, leafy

nearly to the summit. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 3-4 lines wide, coarsely and sharply

serrate. Heads like those of Chrysanth. leucanthemum. Invol. scales 2-3-seriate,

nearly equal, almost entirely scarious. Recept. flat and broad, quite naked. Corol-

las of ray and disc continuous with the ovaries, strongly adnate. Ripe achenes not

seen, Until the ripe fruit shall have been seen the genus must be doubtful.

LX. BRACHYMERIS, DC.

Heads 8-16-f1., homogamous. Jnvol. campanulate-ovate, imbricate,

the scales appressed, oval-oblong. ecept. naked. Corolla pubescent

externally, with short tube and 5-fid limb. Anth. not tailed. Style-

branches bearded at summit, scarcely exserted. Achenes terete, sub-

compressed, striate, beakless, scabrid, without pappus. DC. /.¢. 76.

A very rigid, much-branched, scrubby bush, the younger parts thinly silky ; twigs

ribbed and furrowed. Leaves very small, thick, oblong or linear, obtuse, entire,

appressedly silky. Heads subsessile, from the upper axils, somewhat racemose,

crowded. Name from Spaxus, short, and pepis, a part ; parts of the flower and the

leaves very short.

1. B. scoparia (E. Mey.); DC. 1. c.76. Brachystylis scoparia, E. Mey.!

in Herb. Drege.

Has. Winterfeld, near Limoenfontein and Groot-Tafelberg ; Zeekoe-river and

Sneeuwberg, Drege / Klein Tafelberg, Burke § Zeyher! (Herb. Hk.,D., Sd.) _

1-2 feet high, densely much branched and twiggy. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1 line

wide, Heads about 2 lines diam.

LXI. MATRICARIA, Linn.

Heads many-fl., homogamous or heterogamous ; ray-f. ligulate, uni-

seriate, female ; disc-fl. tubular, hermaphrodite, 4-5-toothed, with a

terete tube. Jnvol. imbricate in few rows, the scales membrane-edged,

subequal. Recept. ample, naked, globose or ovate-conical! Branches

of the disc-style truncate. Achenes wingless, angular, glabrous, similar

in disc and ray, with a large epigynous areole, either without pappus,

17*

164 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Matricaria.

or with a short, toothed, or entire crown-like or earshaped pappus. DC.

Prodr. 6, 50.

Herbaceous, mostly annual, glabrous, branching, chiefly from the Northern Hemi-

sphere. Leaves multipartite with narrow linear lobes. Heads solitary or corymbose.

Rays when present white ; disc yellow.

I. Ev-Marricarta. Hds. radiate; rays ligulate, white, long orshort. (Sp. 1-5.)

Ach. without pappus. Lys. glaucous. Rays short, oblong (1) nigelleefolia.

Achenes with an entire-edged, truncate, frill-shaped pap-

pug... Rays long, slender ors 2 sgn 2 sae

Ach. of dise with a sharply-toothed, unequal sided pappus.

Diffuse. Lower leaves bi-pinnatifid, upper pinnatifid. :

Sparsely pilose or glabrous. Recept. globose... (2) Capensis.

Leaves copiously hispid-pilose. Recept. conical (5) hirta.

Erect. Leaves glabrous, 20 Seems .. «+ (4) glabrata.

Il. Anwactipea. Heads discoid. (Sp. 6-11).

* Pappus rim-like, subentire or denticulate, equal-sided : Cor. 4-toothed.

Pedunc. terminal, one-headed, scattered or subcorymbose :

Inv.-scales obtuse, glabrous. Heads globose ... (6) globifera.

Tny.-scales obtuse, tomentose. Heads depressed (7) grandiflora.

Inv.-scales acuminate, glabrous. Cor. lobes taper-

(3) tenella.

poiited i.e .. e Ge ae Si. Tse 19). SOURIONR,

ae densely corymbose ; corymbs branching, many-

eaded ee

ore ee er ee

* Pappus unilateral, ear-shaped, nearly as long as the achene. Cor. 5-toothed.

Leaves bi-pinnatisect ; lobes and lobules narrow ... (10) albida.

Leaves simply pinnatisect, lobes flat, lmear ... ... (11) dichotoma.

Sect. 1. Eumarricaria. (Sp. 1-5).

1. M. nigellefolia (DC. 1. c. 50); glabrous or hispidulous, glaucous,

diffuse or procumbent ; leaves sessile, bi-pinnipartite above, with multi-

fid, linear-lanceolate, acute, nerved lobes, the lowest lobes simple, short ;

pedune. not much longer than the leaves; inv.-scales obtuse; rays

oblong, entire; recept. globose; pappus none ; disc-fl. 4-toothed, their

achenes 4-angled.

ant. 8. tenuior (DC.) ; inv.-scales subacute ; rays bilabiate, each lip entire.

o by Co

2. M. Capensis (Linn. Mant. 115); erect or diffuse, much-branched,

thinly pilose or glabrous; lower leaves bipinnatisect, the upper simply

pinnatisect, the lobes linear, flattish, fleshy, acute; pedune. elongate ;

invol, scales obtuse, with a wide, scarious-membranous margin and tip ;

dise-fl. 4-toothed ; pappustoothed, unilateral or uneqnal-sided, 7h./ Cap.

693. DC.l.c.50. M. Africana, Berg. Cap.296. Cotula Capensis, L. Sp. 287.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Verreauc! (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

_1-2 feet high, much-branched, annual. Leaves 1-2 inches long; the lobes 4-1 line

wide, Pedune. 3-6 inches long. Dise-fl. reddish or yellow.

Matricaria.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 165

3. M, tenella (DC.!1.c. 51); glabrescent or thinly puberulous, simple

or branched; leaves petiolate, bipinni-partite, the pinne horizontally

patent, lobules short, subacute or mucronulate; pedunc. elongate; inv.

scales obtuse, with a wide,membranous margin and tip; dise-fl. 4-toothed;

pappus entire, truncate or wavy, unilateral or split at one side.

Has. Langevaley, Drege! Cape, Zey.! 829. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

6-8 inches high, slender, either many-stemmed or simple, laxly leafy. Leaves

1-2 inches long, the laciniz uncial, the lobules 1-3 lines long, $line wide. Pedunce.

3-5 inches long. Heads smaller than in M. Capensis, and whole plant more slender.

4, M. glabrata (DC.1.c. 51); stem erect, glabrous, simple or branched,

branches angular, one-headed ; leaves glabrous or nearly so, pinnati-

partite, the lobes linear, subacute, entire or rarely one-toothed ; invol.

scales obtuse, with wide membranous margin and tip; rays broadly

oblong or obovate, reflexed ; achenes of the disc angular, with a sharply

toothed, unilateral pappus, of the ray sub-abortive, with a shorter, more

equally-toothed pappus. Chrysanthemum glabratum, Thunb.! Cap. 693.

Pyrethrum glabratum, Less.! Syn. 254.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ E. § Z.! Piquetberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk.)

A foot or more high, rigid, sparsely leafy. Upper leaves often quite simple;

lower 1-14 inch long, their lobes 3-5 lines long, 4 line wide. Peduncle 2-3 inches

beyond the uppermost leaf. Heads smaller than in M. Capensis, with much broader

and shorter rays. Recept. very convex, globose.

5. M. hirta (DC.1.c. 51); stem diffusely much branched or prostrate,

nearly glabrous, angular; pedunc. terminal and opposite the leaves,

striate, and thickened under the fi.-heads; leaves roughly hispid, the

lower bi-pinnati-partite, the upper pinnatifid, lobes linear, subacute,

thickish ; inv.-sc. glabrous, with membranous margins ; recept. ovate-

conical ; rays linear-oblong, reflexed ; achenes of disc bluntly angular,

with a sharply 5-toothed, unequal or unilateral, ear-like pappus; of the

ray flattish, without pappus. Chrysanthemum hirtum, Th.! Cap. 693-

Pyrethrum hirtum, Less.! Syn. 254.

Has. Wet places near Capetown, Z7h.! Marshes near the Salt R., Cape Flats,

Ws sf lac a une ak st, ms oo Sacsiaky

2 0) or more, robu man m cro

forked. Yoiitiy stems sparsely hispid. Teaver Sopeeualy hispid with brittle hairs.

Sect. 2. AnacTrpEA. (Sp. 6-11.)

6. M.globifera (Fenzl!) ; annual, much-branched, glabrescent or

sparsely pubescent; leaves petioled, bi-tri-pinnatisect, the lobules linear,

short, subobtuse; fl. branches pedunculoid, naked, 1-headed; heads

globose, discoid; inv. scales oblong, obtuse, glabrous, membrane-edged ;

corollas 4-lobed; pappus denticulate, short. Cotula globifera, Th. / Cap.

696. Tanacetum globiferum, DC. in Deless. Ic. 4, t.48. Prodr. 6, p.132-

7. obtusum, Th. Cap.! 641. Cenocline globifera, Koch. Bot. Zeit. 1, p. 41.

5 i — Thunberg! &c. A common weed throughout the colony. (Herb. Th.,

‘This i the \ BUnk- net” of Ue collision 1-14 ft. high, often excessively

branched, but not ligneous, robust or slender, purplish or pale, quite glabrous or

hairy. Leaves 1-14 inch long, including the petiole, finely divided. Pedunc. 1-3

Anches long. Recept. very convex, at length quite globose, inflated. Cor. lobes

short, ovate. The fi. heads vary much in size.

166 compositT (Harv.) [| Matricaria.

%. M. grandiflora (Fenzl) ; annual, erect, pubescent, corymbose at

the summit ; leaves petioled, half-clasping and often toothed at base of

petiole, bi-tri-pinnatisect, the pinne several, lobules linear, callous mucro-

nate; fi. branches pedunculoid, corymbose, more or less fistular upwards ;

heads flattish-convex, discoid; inv. scalesoblong, obtuse, ribkeeled tomen-

tose ; the innermost membrane-tipped ; corolla 4-lobed ; pappus obsolete,

sub-entire. Tanacetum grandiflorum, Th.! Cap.642. DC.1.c. 132. Also,

Cotula tripinnata, Th. ! Cap. 696. Cenocline grandiflora, Koch.

Var. B. lobes of corolla taper-pointed, very acute. (Hb. Hk.)

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Olifant’s R., Drege! Brackfontein and Kapallsloot, Z. g Z-

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem robust, 1-1} ft. high, branched chiefly towards the summit, the branches

level-topped. Leaves 1}~2 inches long, with basal stipulaform lobules, more divided

than in M, globifera. Pedunc. 2-3 inches long, swelling upwards. Heads 6-8

lines across, much flatter than in M. globifera. 8. has flowers nearly as in M. acu-

tiloba, but the invol. of M@. grandiflora.

8. M. multiflora (Fenzl !); annual, corymbosely much branched, erect

or diffuse, thinly pubescent ; leaves subpetiolate, bipinnatisect, the

lobules linear, short or toothlike, subacute; corymbs branching, many-

headed, leafy at base ; heads (small) subglobose, discoid ; inv. scales

broadly oblong, very obtuse, membrane-edged, nearly glabrous ; pappus

obsolete, rim-like, subentire. Tanacetum multiflorum, Th.! Cap. 642.

DC. 1. c. 132. T. fruticosum, Linn. Sp. 1183. Cotula tanacetifolia, Willd.

Var. 8. leptoloba; more lax and slender, with longer leaves. Tan. leptolobum,

DOL 1.6433.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! E.§ Z.! Drege! &c. From Capetown to Namaqualand, and

the Western Districts, common. Very common near Capetown. (Herb.

Th., . Hk., Sd.)

Stems strong, the larger ones almost ligneous at base; those from the sea-side

(near Greenpoint) especially stout, depressed or widely spreading, rigid and closely

much-branched, Leaves commonly uncial, in 8. 14-2 in, long. Heads 2-3 lines

across, bright yellow.

9. M. acutiloba (Harv.); annual, rigid at base, thinly pubescent, erect,

much-branched; leaves sessile, bipinnatisect, the lobes linear, obtuse,

2-4 of the basal ones stipular; branches ending in nude, one-headed

peduncles; heads flattish-convex ; inv. scales pluri-seriate, subulate-

acuminate ; corolla urceolate, 4-lobed, the lobes taper pointed ; pappus

rim-like, subentire. Tanacetum acutilobum. DC.! 1. c. 132. Cenoeline

acutiloba, Koch, l.c. Chameaemelum acutilobum, Fenzl.

Has. Verleptpram, on the Gariep, Drege! (Herb, D., Hk., Sd.)

More rigid than M. globifera, almost ligneous at base, with smaller leaves, flatter

fi. heads, and specially acuminate inv. scales. The corolla has a cylindr. tube, and

a much inflated, narrow mouthed, sharply 4-toothed limb. Achenes white, obconic,

sub-compressed and sharp-edged, with a prominent ventral angle. Pappus obvious

a8 a marginal rim, but very short. Pedunc, 1-2 incheslong. Heads 6-7 lines wide.

10. M. albida (Fenzl); annual, dichotomously much-branched, diffuse;

stems and branches glabrescent; leaves petiolate, bi-pinnati-partite,

pubescent or villous, the lobes and lobules linear, obtuse or acute ;

peduncles long, glabrate, one-headed, filiform ; invol. scales oval-oblong,

obtuse, pubescent, membrane-edged, the outer subacute; pappus ear-

Tanacetum.} COMPOSITE (Harv.) 167

shaped, unilateral, nearly as long as the achenes. Tanacetum albidum,

DC. 1.¢.132. Also Pentzia annua, DC. l.¢. 138. ©

Sa Hi) ear the Gariep, Drege! Zey.! 837. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D.,

Leaves nearly 1-inch long, including the } inch of petiole, copiously pubescent,

the lobes 3-4 lines long. Pedune. 5-8 inches long, terminal, becoming lateral as

the stem lengthens out. Corolla 5-toothed. Pappus as in Pentzia, to which genus

this and the following species are rather artificially referred by De Candolle.

11. M. dichotoma (Fenzl); annual, dichotomously-branched, diffuse ;

stems and branches glabrescent ; leaves cuneate at base or sub-petiolate,

pubescent, some trifid, others pinnati-partite, the lobes simple, linear,

flat, in few pair, mucronate; pedune. long, glabrate, one-headed, filiform ;

inv. scales oblong, obtuse, pubescent, widely membrane-edged, sub-

biseriate, equal ; cor.-lobes acuminate ; pappus earshaped, unilateral,

nearly equalling the achene. Pentzia dichotoma, DC.l.c. 138, Cotula

Teesdalicee, Drege! Hb. ex pte, nec DC.

_ Has. Olifants R., Drege! (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Near UM. albida, but the leaves are less compound.

LX. TANACETUM, Linn. (ex pte).

Heads discoid, either homogamous or heterogamous, having a few

marginal, female, 2-3—4-toothed flowers. Recept. convex, naked. Inv.

imbricate. Corolla of disc terete, 4-toothed (in the S. African species).

Achene sessile, angular, glabrous, with a large epigynous disc. Pappus

either none, or minute and coroniform, entire or somewhat toothed,

often oblique. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 128.

A large (and rather ill-constructed) genus, chiefly from the Old World, consisting

of shrubs, half-shrubs, herbaceous perennials and annuals. Leaves alternate, various-

ly divided. Heads solitary or corymbose. The garden herb Tansy is the type of

the genus, but belongs to a section with 5-toothed corollas. Name said to bea

corruption of A thanasia.

Inflorescence corymbose ; corymb few or many-headed : ae

Lf.-lobesin several pair, sharply 2-3-toothed orsome entire hippiefolium.

Leaf-lobes in 2-4 pair, entire, or the uppermost 1-lobed (2

Peduncles simple, one-headed ; leaf-lobes in 2 pair, linear, with r

revolute Tomtgin® 5.0 eek 68 gee es ee cs 4) OR,

1. T. hippiefolium (DC. 1. c. 133); stem herbaceous, erect, angular,

glabrous, resin-dotted; leaves subpetiolate, pinnatisect, gland-dotted,

glabrous, the lobes in several pair, sharply 2—3-toothed or some entire,

acutely mucronate; corymb compound, many-headed ; pedicels short ;

heads subglobose ; inv.-scales glabrous, in several rows, loosely imbri-

cating ; fl. glandular ; achenes without pappus.

Has. Cape (Eastern Districts ?) Krebs, E.Z./ (Herb.Sond.)

‘Stems 1-2 ft. high, subsimple or much branched, branches erect, virgate. Leaves

1-21 inches long, tapering at base into a narrow-cuneate, imperfect petiole, the lobes

in 5-8 pairs, close-set, cuneate or linear, mostly toothed. Heads 2 lines diameter.

Drege’s specimens (Hb. Hk., Sd.) under this name (from Natal) rather belong to

T. heptalobum.

2. T. heptalobum (DC! 1. c. 133); stem herbaceous, erect, nearly

terete, silky; leaves sessile or subsessile, pinnatisect, gland-dotted, more

168 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Schistostephiwm.

or less silky, the lobes in 2-4 pair, oblong, acutely mucronate, entire or

the uppermost with a lateral, spreading lobe, the terminal sometimes

trifid ; corymb simple or compound, few or several-headed ; pedicels

short ; heads subglobose ; inv.-scales glabrate, in several rows, loosely

imbricating ; fl. glabrous ; achenes without pappus.

Has. Betw. Omcomas and Omblas, Drege! Natal, Krauss, 149 ; Gueinzius, 333,

590. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) :

Very similar to 7. hippiefolium, but with more terete stems, a copious or scanty

silky pubescence, and fewer leaf-lobes, which are commonly quite entire, with thicken-

ed edges, sometimes lobed (but not sharply toothed), Hds. nearly as in 7. hippiefol.

3. T. griseum (Harv.); suffruticose, erect, all parts densely silky-

canescent; branches virgate, closely leafy below, pedunculoid upwards,

one-headed ; leaves sessile, pinnati-partite, the lobes in 2 pair, linear,

acute, one-nerved, with revolute margins ; peduncles elongate, nearly

nude; inv.-scales linear-lanceolate, acute, silky ; flowers 4-toothed, all

perfect ; pappus none; achenes glabrous.

Has. Umboti District, Natal, W. 7. Gerrard, 1050. (Herb. D.)

1-2 ft. high, branched in the lower half; the branches straight, erect, 10-18 inches

long, closely leafy in the lower half, pedunculoid upwards. Pedunc, 3-6 inches

long, one-headed. Heads nearly } inch across, homogamous. Corolla-tube terete,

not winged ; lobes short, bluntish. The foliage is something like that of Schistost.

crategifolium, but the inflorescence is quite different, and the heads are homogamous.

LXIII. SCHISTOSTEPHIUM, Less.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous, discoid; marginal-fl. female, with very

short, bilabiate corollas ; disc-fl. bisexual (but commonly abortive),

4-toothed. Jnvol.imbricate. Recept. convex, naked. Achenes sessile ;

of the dise glabrous, ovuliferous, with bifid styles; of the margin silky-

villous, obovate. Pappusnone. Less. Syn. p. 251. DC. Prodr. 6, p.

74, also Tanacetum, Sec. V. Hippioides, DC. l. c. 134.

Shrubby, suffruticose or half-herbaceous perennials, silky or tomentose in all parts.

Leaves alternate, flabelliform and many-nerved, or pinnatisect, Heads corymbose.

Flowers yellow: the marginal female-fl. not longer than the disc, bilabiate, the inner

lip toothlike, the outer deeply 3-toothed. Name from cxi(w, to cut and orTepos, &

crown ; alluding to the deeply-toothed marginal or ray-flowers.

Leaves petiolate, roundish or flabelliform :

Shrubby, silvery ; lvs. lobulate ; inv.-scales obtuse ... (1) flabelliforme.

Herbaceous, green ; lvs. toothed ; iny.-scales lanceolate (2) rotundifolium.

Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, the upper segments toothed or cut (3) crategifolium.

1. §. flabelliforme (Less. Syn. 251) ; shrubby, erect, branches and

leaves silvery-canescent, with short, close, silky pubescence ; leaves

petiolate, roundish-flabelliform, 3—5-nerved, cuneate at base, crenate

or shortly and bluntly 3—5-9-lobed ; corymb terminal, branched, densely

many-headed ; inv. silky, scales ovate-oblong, shorter than the flowers ;

marginal-flowers female, with very short corollas, and flatted, pilose

een Schistostephium argyreum, Fenzl. Tanacetum argyreum, DC.!

¢. 134,

Has. Cape, Krebs. Near Grahamstown, and betw. Morley and Omtata, Drege!

> Hie 8a) Genl. Bolton! Howison's Poort, H. Hutton! Zey.! 2833. (Her

1-2 feet high, virgate, with the habit of Pentzia flabelliformis. Leaves ¥ inch

Artemisia. | COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 169

long, rather wider than their length, more or less deeply toothed or lobulate. Heads

1-14 line diam., several-flowered, 20-30 in a dense corymb. Disc-fl. glandular,

12-15; ray-fl. 5-6, with very short, imperfect corollas. 1 have not seen any speci-

men of Lessing's Schistostephium flabelliforme, but, by description, it can hardly be

different from Tanacetum argyreum, DC.

_ 2.8. rotundifolium (Fenzl. Ms.) ; herbaceous, erect, tall, branched ;

stem and branches terete, villoso-tomentose ; leaves on slender petioles,

those of the sterile twigs sub-opposite, the rest alternate, roundish,

3-7-nerved, coarsely toothed, closely silky on both sides ; upper branches

ending in many-headed, branching corymbs; heads globose; inv.-scales

lanceolate, acute, silky, shorter than the flowers ; achenes without pap-

pus ; marginal female flowers with short, bilabiate corollas, and flattened,

pilose achenes. Zanacetum rotundifolium, DC. / 1. c. 133.

Has. Betw. Gekau and Basche, and betw. Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, Drege!

Natal, Gueinzius, 332,592. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 ft. high, robust, densely leafy. Petioles } inch long, very slender. Leaves

7-1 inch long, and equally wide, truncate or broadly cuneate at base, toothed above,

the teeth shallow, very broad, mucronate. Fl. branches in a terminal panicle, each

corymb 10-20-headed. ecept. conical. Some of the central flowers abortive.

3. 8. crategifolium (Fenzl, Ms.); stem half-shrubby, branched, erect

or ascending ; branches appressedly silky-villous ; leaves sessile with a

stipular lobe at base, pinnatifid, the lower lobes short and simple, lan-

ceolate, acute, the upper oblong, often toothed or trifid, all copiously

silky, especially beneath ; fl. branches shortly naked at top, bearing a

few-headed corymb ; pedicels long or short; heads globose, many-

flowered ; inv.-scales pluriseriate, silky, linear, acute ; marginal-flowers

female, with short corollas, and flattened, pilose achenes. Zanacetum

crategifolium, DC. l. c. 134. Also 7’. consanguineum, DC. l. ¢. fide sp. ex

Drege!

Has, Cape, Burchell, Krebs. (fide DC.) Mundt! Verreaux! Witbergen, Drege /

Adow, Zey,! 2835. Albany, 7. Williamson! Grahamstown, Sir C. J. F. Bunbury /

Doorn Kopf, Burke § Zey.! 1041. Near Ladysmith, Natal, Gerr. G M‘K./ 264.

Albert Distr., 7. Cooper! 619. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A robust, branching, half shrub, 1-2 ft. high, with copious, straight, silky, whit-

ish pubescence. Leaves 1-14 inches long, deeply pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, when

young on both sides silky, the older ones becoming naked above, lobes 1-14 line

wide, 2-3 lines long. “Inv. somewhat silvery. Heads 4-12 in a corymb, 2-4 lines

across. I find marginal female flowers in Drege’s specimen of “ 7. consanguineum,”

and therefore venture to combine that with the present; the size of the fl.-heads and

length of pedicels are characters too inconstant to be trusted. The marginal fl. are less

clearly bilabiate, and their teeth much smaller than in the other species.

LXIV. ARTEMISIA, Linn.

Heads discoid, homo- or heterogamous, the marginal flowers in one

row often female, 3-toothed, with a long, exserted, bifid style; disc ft.

5-toothed, hermaphrodite, or abortive, or male. Jnvol. imbricate, the

scales with membranous borders. ecept. without palex, flattish or

convex, naked or hairy-fimbrilliferous. Achenes obovate, with a small

epigynous disc. Pappus none. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 93.

A. very large genus of bitter or aromatic herbs or suffrutices, almost exclusively

natives of the northern hemisphere. Leaves alternate, variously pinnatisect. Heads

_ in spikes or racemes, or paniculate, of small size, several-flowered. Fl. yellow or

170 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Hippia.

purple. The common garden plants, Wormwood, Southernwood, and Tarragon are

familiar examples of this genus.—Named from Artemis, the Grecian Diana.

A. Afra (Jacq. Hort.Schoenbr. t.467) ; suffruticose, leaves becoming

glabrous above, canescent beneath, interruptedly bi-pinnati-partite, the

pinnules linear-acute, entire or toothed, with recurved margins, rachis

pectinate with similar lobules, the petiole leaf-stipuled at base ; stipules

simple or divided; heads racemoso-paniculate, secund, hemispherical,

cernuous ; iny. scales oblong, obtuse, scarious, canescent at back, with

a green medial line; corollas naked ; recept. conical, pilose! DC. Prodr.

6, p. 106. A. pontica, Thunb.! Cap. 643.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Bowie! Thom! E. Z.! Drege! Gnadendal, Dr. Roser !

Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! Bushman’s R., Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 345 ; Keiskam-

ma Hoek, and Baillie’s Grave, W.S. M. D’Urban! (Herb. Th., D., Hk.)

Stems robust, 2-3 feet high, much branched and leafy, tomentose, rib-striate.

Leaves 2-3 inches long, petioled, bipinnate, the pinnz 4-1 inch long, pinnules 3-5

lines long, 4 line wide. Racemes in a much-branched, terminal panicle. Heads

14-2 lines diameter. A. vestita, Wall! from India, is very near indeed to this, if it

be permanently distinct.

LXV. HIPPIA, Linn.

Heads many-fi., discoid, heterogamous; ray-fl. in 1 row, female, with

a filiform corolla continuous with the ovary ; disc-fl. male, 5-toothed.

Recept. small, convex, naked. Jnvol.-scales sub-biseriate, elliptical or

ovate, with a scarious margin, Achenes of ray, roundish, flattened, with

marginal ribs or wings; of disc abortive. Pap.none. DC. Prodr,6, p.144-

Herbs or suffrutices, all natives of S. Africa, with the odour of chamomile, Lvs,

alternate, mostly pinnately lobed, rarely entire. Heads small, yellow, corymbose.

Name in honour of some botanist ?

Leaves pinnati-partite or deeply pinnatifid : ~

Shrubby, robust, with rodlike branches; Ivs. 2 inches long (1) frutescens.

Slender, filiform, diffuse, flexuous ; lvs. }—{ inch long:

Branches pubescent, villous near the top ... ... ... (2) gracilis,

Branches very hairy, with long, spreading hairs ... (3) hirsuta.

Leaves oblong, entire; stem slender, decumbent, hairy ... ... (4) integrifolia.

1. H. frutescens (Linn. Mant.26r); suffruticose or shrubby; branches

rodlike, densely pubescent ; leaves pectinato-pinnatipartite, the lobes in

5-10 pairs, opposite, linear-oblong, or linear, mucronulate, veiny, pU-

bescent, the lowest small, at the base of the petiole like a pair of sti-

pules ; heads corymbose. DC.l. c. 144. Th.! Cap. 723. Tanacetum

Jrutescens, Linn. Sp. 1183.

Var. 8, Thunbergii; leaf-lobes narrow-linear, with revolute margins, 6-7-pair,

acute or acuminate. Tanacetum suffruticosum, Th.! Cap. 541, ex pte.

Has. Cape, Thunberg, &e.; Paarl, Drege! Cape Flats, W.H.H.; Gnadendal, Dr.

Roser! Plettenberg’s Bay, Mundt.! (Herb, D., Hk., Sd.)

Tall, straggling, not much branched ; the branches 12-18 inches long, leafy. Lvs.

2-24 inches long, their lobes 5-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Heads sometimes 1n &

lax panicle of small corymbs, sometimes in a dense, branched corymb. Var. 8, which

I have only seen in Hb. Thunberg, has leaf-lobes 6 lines long, not 4 line wide, much

more rigid and pointed than in the normal state.

2. H gracilis (Less.! Syn. 268); suffruticose, slender, diffuse; branches

filiform, curved, pubescent, with scattered, longer hairs towards the

Penizia.] COMPOSIT& (Hary.) 171

apex ; leaves pinnati-partite, the lobes in 2 5 pairs, linear, nerved,

acute, closely pubescent, no stipular lobes; heads corymbose. DOC. J. c.

144. Tanacetum pilosum, Berg. Cap. 244. 1’. cotuloides, Linn. Mant.282.

Cotula fimbriata, Spr.

Var. repens; root creeping ; less subsessile ; heads few. JH. repens, DC. 1. c. 144.

Has. Cape, Burman, &c. Stellenbosch and Draakenstensberg, Drege! W. H. H.

Zwarteberg, Pappe! Bamskloof, Worcester, H. Hutton! Table Mt. summit, Ecklon!

W. H. H. Simon’s bay, C. Wright! 346, 347. Zey.! 2837. 8. at Gnadendal,

Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Much more slender, branching, and diffuse than H. frutescens, with much smaller

and less divided leaves. Leaves }-3 inch long, the lobes 1-2 lines long, 4-1 line

wide. Var. £. is scarcely different from the common form.

3. H. hirsuta (DC. 1. c. 144); “suffruticulose ; branches very hairy;

leaves puberulous, cuneate, pinnatifid ; lobes acuminate, in 3-4 pairs,

the lower shorter ; heads corymbose.”

Has. Bot River, Ecklon. Swellendam, Bureh., 6981. (Unknown to me).

“‘The branches, especially the younger ones, hispid with long, soft, spreading

hairs. Leaf-lobes less deep and much more acuminate than in H, gracilis.” DC.

4. H. integrifolia (Less. Syn. 268); suffruticose, slender, diffuse or

procumbent ; branches filiform, patently hairy; leaves sessile, oblong

or obovate-oblong, mucronate, quite entire or unidentate, hairy, one-

nerved, spreading or deflexed, gland-dotted; heads small, terminal,

solitary or 2-3 together, sub-corymbose. DC. 1. c. 144.

Has. Cape. Herb. Vahl., £.Z.! (Herb. Sd., Cap., D.)

Stems 1 foot or more long, flexuous, as are the long filiform branches. Whole

plant hairy with fulvous, soft, spreading hairs. Leaves squarrose, }—} inch long,

2-3 lines wide, slightly narrowed to the base.

LXVI. PENTZIA, Thunb.

’ Heads many-fl., homogamous., Recept. narrow, flat, then convex, sparing-

ly fimbrilliferous. Jnvol. obovate, equalling the disc ; its scales imbri-

cated, searious. Corolla 5, rarely 4-toothed. Achenes angular, wingless,

sessile. Pappus membranaceous, shortly tubular, irregularly torn,

oblique or ear-shaped. DC. Prodr. 6, 136.

Small, rigid, much branched, mostly cano-pubescent shrubs or half shrubs. Lys.

alternate, variously toothed, cut or pinnatisect. Heads terminal, yellow, corymbose

or solitary. Name in honour of some botanist ?

Heads corymbose ; corymbs simple or compound :

Leaves pinnatisect, or twice trifid :

Outer inv.-sc. herbaceous, keeled, pubescent; inner :

scarious.. oS ese {1) Burchellii.

All the iny.-scales shining, scarious-membranous (2) elegans.

Leaves cuneate or fan-shaped, toothed at the extremity :

Lys. canescent, petioled, fan-shaped, 3—5-nerved e 2

vs. glabrous, dotted, narrow-cuneate, tapering at ‘

= a ee On.

Heads solitary, at the ends of nude, pedunculoid branches : :

Old twigs and pedunc. changing to rigid spines... (9) spilescens.

Unarmed :

Leaves cuneate, truncate, 3-5-toothed or lobed at the apex.

Erect, with virgate branches, Pappus mem-

branous, ear-like, toothed vs +e aes (5) Quinquefida,

172 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Pentzva.

Dwarf,fiexuous, much-branched. Pappusnone (10) tortuosa.

Leaves pinnati-partite or trifid,

Erect, with virgate branches: hds.verymany-fl. (6) spherocephala,

Divaricately much-branched ; heads rather small.

Lys. petioled ; inv.-scales obtuse, the

outer keeled vis free = wea pea

Lys. sessile; inv.-scales taper-pointed (8) globosa.

1. P. Burchellii (Fenzl) ; shrubby, much-branched, spreading, thinly

tomentulose ; leaves petiolate, glabrous or puberulous, punctate, in the

upper half pinnatisect or bipinnatisect, the pinne in 2-3 pairs, either

3-5-lobed or entire, linear, thickish, mucronulate; corymbs subsimple,

few or several-headed, the pedicels twice as long as the leaves, tomen-

tulose ; heads flattish, many-fl. ; inv.-scales oblong, obtuse, the outer

herbaceous, keeled, puberulous, inner membranous ; pappus earshaped,

irregularly torn or cut. Zanacetum Burchellii, DC. l. c. 132% Pentza

punctata, Harv. (in Hb. Hk., D.)

Has. Betw. Capetown and Zacksriver, Burchell; Graafreynet, Z.Z./ Zuureberg,

Burke§ Zey.! Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber. Sneeberg, Dr. Wallich. (Hb.Sd., D., Hk.)

I adopt this sp. on the authority of Z. ¢ Z.’s specimens in Hb. Sond., which were

seen and marked by De Candolle. Yet I can hardly persuade myself that DC.’s

character, taken probably from Burchell’s plant, can refer to the same species. DC.

expressly says that his “ Burchellii” has the aspect of a Matricaria, and is wholly

without pappus (acheniis omnino calvis); Ecklon’s plant here described is a small

shrub, with every character, including the conspicuous pappus and flat receptacle

of Pentzia. In aspect and foliage it resembles P. elegans, but differs in the involucre

and pappus. Leaves }-3 inch long; the uppermost sometimes subsimple ; some

occasionally with basal, stipuloid lobes, Corymbs 8-12 or more headed ; heads

3-4 lines wide. ae

2. P. elegans (DC. 1. c. 136); shrubby, much branched, unarmed,

minutely canescent; leaves at the apex shortly pinnatisect, or biternate,

the lower pair of lobes either bifid or trifid or entire, the terminal always

trifid, lobules linear, thick, obtuse; corymbs many-headed, heads on

short pedicels, oblong; inv.-scales all shining, scarious, obtuse; pappus

white, tubular, unequal-sided, toothed.

Has. Kendo, in stony places, 3000-4000 f., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A foot or more high, the older branches leafless, nodulose, twigs closely leafy.

Leaves 3-5 lines long, the lobes 2 lines long, 4 line wide. All young parts, save

the involucres, minutely and closely pubescent, with whitish or foxy hairs. Heads

2 lines long, 1 line wide, 10-20 in a corymb, scarious.

3. P. flabelliformis (Willd. Sp. 3, 1808); shrubby, much branched,

greyish-canescent ; leaves petiolate, cuneate, tapering at base, truncate

and toothed at the extremity, 3-nerved beneath ; corymbs many-headed,

heads on short pedicels, obovate-oblong; inv.-scales oblong, obtuse,

the outer dorsally pubescent, inner scarious, glabrous ; pappus white,

tubular, unequal-sided, toothed. Gnaphalium dentatum, Linn. Tanace-

tum flabelliforme, L’ Her. Sert. Angl. 21, t.27. Pentzia crenata, Th.! Cap.

637. Balsamita flabelliforme, Pers.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Thom! Nieuweveld, betw. Brakriver and Uitvlugt, and

betw. Zwarteberg and Kendo, Drege/ Fish River, Burke/ Zey./ 856, 855. (Herb.

Th., D. HK, Sd.)

1-2 f. high, erect. Leaves 3-6 lines long, 2-4 lines wide. Corymbs 10-20

headed, 2} lines long, 14 wide, pale straw or buff colour.

Pentzia.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 173

4. P. Cooperi (Harv.); shrubby, erect, unarmed, the young parts

cobwebby-floceulent, the adult becoming glabrous; leaves narrow-cu-

neate, tapering much at base, truncate and sharply 3-toothed or trifid

at the sumniit, punctate, glabrous ; corymbs compound, many-headed ;

heads on long or short pedicels, globose ; inv. oblong or ovate-oblong,

obtuse, the outer herbaceous, inner scarious, glabrous; pappus white,

rather short, unequal-sided, toothed.

Has. District of Albert, near the Witberg, and in Basutuland, 7. Cooper/ No,

628, 711. (Herb. D.)

1-2 feet high, erect, with erect rodlike branches. Young twigs and leaves hoary

with cobwebby hairs ; older twigs minutely puberulous. Adult leaves glabrous,

5-8 lines long, 2 lines wide at the 3-toothed summit. Corymbs 6-20-headed, flat-

topped. Uppermost leaves often entire, round-topped.

5. P. quinquefida (Less.! Syn. 266); shrubby, erect, virgate, silky-

canescent or cinereo-pubescent, unarmed ; leaves cuneate, tapering at

base into a petiole, truncate at the apex, and 3—5-toothed or lobulate,

the teeth or Jobes obtuse, closely silky-canescent, the uppermost leaves

linear, entire; pedunc. one-headed, long or shortish; inv.-scales obtuse,

the outer strongly keeled, silky. Cotula quinguefida, «h.! Cap. 695.

Pentzia microphylla, DC. l.c. 137. Also P. cinerascens, DC.!/ 1. c. 138.

Var. §. nana; dwarf; leaves coarsely 5-toothed, with close, silky pubescence ;

peduncles long. Penétzia nana, Burch. Cat. 1731. Trav. t. p. 400.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Plettenberg’s Bay, Burchell. Kendo and Adow, Drege!

Koegakamma Kloof, Zey.! 852. 8. Ky-Gariep, Burchell. (Herb. Thunb.)

A foot high, all the young parts silky-canescent. Leaves 5-6 lines long, 2-3 lines

wide at top, sometimes merely crenate, sometimes deeply toothed or lobed, varying

in the same plant. Pedunc. 2-6 inches long. I have not seen Burchell’s P. nana,

but by the characters assigned to it, it can scarcely differ from the plant collected

by Thunberg and here described. -Drege’s specimen of P. cinerascens (Hb. Sd.) is

also identical. Except in the cuneate and shortly-lobed leaves this scarcely differs

from P. spherocephala.

6. P. spherocephala (DC.! 1. c. 138); shrubby, rigid, branching ;

branches erect, virgate, thinly cinereo-canescent; leaves petiolate, in

the upper half pinnati-partite, the lobes linear, obtuse, in 2-3 pairs,

the upper leaves trifid or entire, closely and thinly canescent ; branches

ending in a long one-headed peduncle; heads flattish, very many flow-

ered; inv. scales thinly pubescent or nearly glabrous; oblong, obtuse,

scarious at margin, the outer keeled ; pappus unequal-sidedy toothed.

Has. Near the Zwartkey and Fish R., Drege! Uitenhage, Ecklon. Koegakamma

gael ro Rhinoster River, Burke! District of Albert, 7. Cooper! 578. (Herb.

A more robust, less divaricate bush than P. virgata, with much longer flowering

stems and larger heads. Fl. branches, often a foot or more long, naked for 3-6 inches

below the head. Leaves 1 inch or more long, the lobes 4-5 lines long; or, in starved

specimens, of half that size. Heads half an inch or more across: the largest in the

genus,

7. P. virgata (Less.! Syn. 266); unarmed, shrubby, rigid, divaricately

much branched; twigs thinly canescent; leaves petiolate, at the apex

trifid, or pinnately 5—lobed, the lobes linear, obtuse, with revolute mar-

gins, more or less canescent ; heads terminal, solitary ; inv. scales nearly

glabrous, oblong, obtuse, scarious at the margin, the outer keeled ; pappus

174 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Pentzia.

white, very unequal-sided, toothed. DC.l.c.137. Chrysanthemum inca-

num, Thunb. ! Cap. 693. P. cotuloides, DC. 1. c. 138, fide Sp. ea Drege!

Var. 8. gracilior; slender, leaves an inch long or more, $ of this length simple,

3-5 lobed; outer inv. scales keeled, pubescent.

Var. y. microcephala (Fzl.) ; diffuse or procumbent ; heads on short lateral twigs,

small, few-flowered. (Hb. Sd., D., Hk.)

Has. Cape Thunberg! Kochman’s Kloof, Mundt./ Knysna, Dr. Pappe/ Uiten-

hage, Zeyher, 1849. Betw. Uitkomst and Geelbekskraal ; on the Zwarteberge ; betw.

Hex Riversberg and Bokkeveld, and on the Zondag and Koega R., Drege/ B., Natal,

Miss Owen! +. Rhosterkop, Zey.! 854. (Herb, Th., D., Hk.)

A much branched, rigid little bush, more or less clothed with grey pubescence,

1-2 f. high, Leaves commonly 4-5 lines long, in B. twice that length at least, the

lobes 1-2 lines long, blunt. Heads variable in size, 2-4 lines diam. I can find

nothing whereby to distinguish P. cotuloides from Thunberg’s plant, which agrees

well with recently collected specimens from all the above localities. DC. states that

Drege’s “P. virgata,” came from Kl, Namaqualand, bnt no habitat is given in the

* Documente.”

8. P. globosa (Less. Syn. 266); unarmed, shrubby, rigid, divaricately

much branched ; twigs thinly canescent, glabrateupwards ; leavessessile,

pinnati-partite from the base or near it, the lobes in 3-4 pairs, short,

linear, obtuse (or mucronate), sub-glabrous ; heads terminal, solitary ;

inv. scales glabrous, lanceolate, taper-pointed, the inner minutely mem-

brane tipped; pappus unequal-sided, toothed. DO./.¢. 137.

Has. Cape, Lichtenstein. Winterveld, near Groot Tafelberg, and betw. Zilver-

fontein and Kaus. Drege. Gamke River, Zuureberg and Vat Rivier, Burke! Zey.!

850,851,853. Roggevelt, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Similar to P. virgata, but readily known by the leaves being pinnatisect from the base,

or very generally so, and especially by the narrow, long-pointed invol. scales. The

leaf-l are sometimes very short, under 1 line long. Heads 2-4 lines wide, convex.

_ 9. P. spinescens (Less. Syn. 266); shrubby, rigid, divaricately much

branched, the old twigs and peduncles hardening into spines; leaves

petiolate, at the apex 3-lobed or pinnately 5-lobed, the segments shortly

linear, obtuse, furrowed beneath, glabrescent ; pedunc. widely spreading,

short incurved, somewhat racemose. DC.1.c.137. Osteospermum spines-

cens, Thunb. in Herb. ex pte.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)

The specimen in Herb. Thunb. has suffered much from insects, and I have not

examined a flower. It is a more robust plant than P. virgata. The twigs are closely

a The iny, scales obtuse, with a brown, membranous border. Leaves 2-4 lines

ng.

10. P. tortuosa (Fenzl); shrubby, dwarf, much branched, flexuous,

glabrous (microscopically scaberulous); leaves narrow-cuneate, thickish,

punctate, shortly and bluntly 3-5 lobed; pedune. naked, slender, one-

headed, the head at first cernuous, then erect; iny. scales broad, obtuse,

the outer green at back, the inner membranous, pappus none. Tana-

cetum tortuosum, DC.! l. c. 133.

inches high, woody, many times forked. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 14 line wide

at top, pale. Pedunc. threadlike, 2 inches long. Heads 2 lines across. Corolla

5-toothed, Pappus none.—I follow Fenzl in referring this to Pentzia, of which genus

it has the habit, §-toothed corolla, and flat receptacle, but no pappus! at least, none

developed on the fi. when it first opens. I haye not seen mature flowers.

Adenosolen.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 175

LXVII. MARASMODES, DC.

Heads several or many-fl., homogamous. Inv. ovate, imbricate, the

outer scales scarious at apex. ecept. narrow, naked. Cor.-tube short,

glandular, limb 5-toothed, not much dilated in the throat. Anthers not

tailed. Style-branches capitellate. Achenes terete, beakless. Pappus

of several separate, membranous, obtuse scales. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 136.

Oligodorella, Turcz.?

Rigid, branching, divaricate, glabrous half-shrubs. Leaves alternate, sessile,

thickish, dry, small, quite entire, heathlike, mucronulate. Heads at the ends of

the branches in clusters, sessile or pedicelled, solitary. Cor. yellow. Distinguished

from Adenosolen and Penizia by the pappus. Name from papacyos, a wasting away ;

because these plants look lean or ill-fed.

Heads few-fl., several together at the ends of the branches ... (1) polycephala.

Heads many-fl., solitary, peduncled ; lvs. hook-pointed... ... (2) Adenosolen.

1, M. polycephalus (DC.! 1. ¢.); scrubby, much branched, leaves

linear-terete, short, obtuse or mucronulate ; heads 5-7, crowded at the

ends of the branches, few-flowered ; corolla with a glandular tube ;

pappus of about 5, short, roundish, blunt, membranous scales. Oligo-

dorella teretifolia, Turcz. ‘Mull. Mosc. XXIV. p. 187 ?

wae B. ees heads 1-3 at the ends of the branches. M. oligocephalus,

c. 13

Has. Stellenbosch, Ecklon! 8., Groenekloof, Fklon. (Hb. Sd.)

Root thick and woody. Stems much branched from the base, flexuous, 6-12 in.

high, bushy. Leaves 2 lines long. Heads 5-8-fl. I have not seen var. B., but, by

description, it can scarcely be different specifically.

2. M. Adenosolen (Harv.); shrubby, much branched; leaves linear-

terete, dotted, hook-pointed, calloso-mucronulate, glabrous ; heads ter-

minating the upper ramuli, pedicellate, many-flowered ; recept. convex ;

corolla cylindrical, very short, with a glandular tube ; pappus of about

5 short, roundish, blunt, membranous scales.

Has. Cape, Ecklon § Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

long, solitary or few approximate, ending the up een vi soutien) tgs corymbulose.

ng bake tenui-

LXVIII.? ADENOSOLEN, DC.

Heads many-fl., homogamous. Jv. imbricate, in about 3 rows.

Recept. convex, naked. Cor. tube glanduliferous, dilated at base and

closely adhering to the achene, the throat dilated, campanulate, limb

5-fid. Anth. tailless, exserted in the sterile, sub-included in the fertile

flowers. Style branches exserted, capitellate. Achene terete, without

pappus. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 136.

A glabrous, branching half-shrub. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear-subulate, acu-

minate, quite entire. Heads subcorymbose at the ends of the branches, few, pedi-

cellate. Name from adnv, a gland, and owaev, a tube.

1, A. tenuifolius (DC. 1. c.)

176 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Otochlamys.

Has. Near Uitenhage, Ecklon.

‘* Leaves 7-8 lines long, nearly 1 line wide.” DC. Unknown to me; unless

our Marasmodes Adenosolen be the same.

LXIX. PEYROUSEA, DC.

Heads many-fi., discoid, homogamous. Recept. flat, naked. Inv. cam-

panulate, the scales in 2-3 rows, of sub-equal length, longer than the

disc. Tube of the corolla flattened, 2-winged, the limb short, 4-lobed.

Style-branches truncate. Achene flattened, with a thick marginal rim,

glabrous, without pappus, similar. DC. Prodr. 6,76. Lapeyrousia, Th. !

Cap. 700. Less. Syn. 260 (non Pourr.)

Virgate, sparingly branched shrubs, all parts clothed with appressed, silky, and

silvery hairs. Leaves sessile, alternate, imbricate, oblongo-lanceolate, quite entire,

callous-mucronate, midribbed, silky-tomentose. Heads in a terminal, leafy corymb,

on short pedicels. Fl. golden yellow. Name in honour of La Peyrouse, the cele-

brated and unfortunate circumnavigator.

1, P. calycina (DC. 1. c. 77); inv. scales obtuse, with an evident

scarious margin, even to the summit. Osmites calycina, Linn. Lapey-

rousia calycina, Thunb.! Cap. p. 700. Relhania calycina, Poir. Lapey-

rousia Thunbergu, Cass.

Has. Houteniquas, 7h./ Bowie! Drege! Swellendam, FE. § Z., Georgetown, Dr.

A. Prior! Tzitsikamma, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A tall shrub, 2-3 f. high, closely leafy to the summit; branches straight, a foot

or more long. Leaves 1-14 inches long, silky, 4-5 lines wide. Heads 4 inch or

more across, the inv. over-topping the disc.

2. P. oxylepis (DC. 1. c.); “inv. scales acuminato-subulate, scarcely

membrane-edged.” Cotula umbellata, Linn. f. suppl. 378.

Has. Eastern districts, Burch. Oat. 5185 (fide DC.)

‘* Heads few or sub-solitary.” Possibly a starved condition of P. calycina,

LXX. OTOCHLAMYS, DC.

Heads many-fl., discoid, heterogamous, all the flowers on toothlike,

compressed pedicels; marginal fl. uniseriate, few, female, without corolla ;

most of the flowers hermaphrodite. Corolla of the hermaphr. flowers

tubular, 4-toothed, its tube widely winged, and produced at base into

a broad, concave, ear-like spur, which completely enwraps the ovary

and finally the achene! Inv. double, the outer of few, broad, herba-

ceous, loose scales; the inner of few or many scarious, appressed scales.

Recept. flat, without pales, but covered with the persistent, toothlike

pedicels of the flowers. Achenes of the female, marginal flowers flattened,

and bordered with a wide, membranous wing; of the disc-fl. oblong,

wingless, but completely enwrapped in the earlike appendage of the

corolla, Pappus none.—DC. Prodr. 6, p. 77.

A small annual with opposite, entire, or pinnati-partite, slender lvs., and peduncled,

terminal fl. heads. Fl. yellow. The habit that of Cotula, from which, however, the

very remarkable form of the disc-flowers sufficiently separates it. Name from ovs,

wros, an ear, and xAauvs a cloak; from the earlike appendix to the corolla, which

wraps round the achene like a cloak.

1. 0, Eckloniana (DC.! 1. c. 77).

Cotula. | COMPOSIT (Hary.) 177

Var. a, filifolia; leaves filiform-subulate, quite entire, slender.

Var. 8. majuscula; leaves pinnati-partite, few lobed, or trifid. . majuscul

Hove, tn Hh. BE wad Dee oe deen

Haz. Sandy fields near the sea, in wet spots. Riet Valley and Greenpoint, Ecklon/

8. Greenpoint and Camp’s Bay, Pappe! Cape Flats, W.H.H. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Annual, very variable in size, 1-6 inches high, slender or robust, simple or branched

from the base, the young parts appressedly hispid, older glabrous. Leaves opposite,

in a quite simple; in 8 more or less pinnate-parted. Sheaths of the leaves ciliate.

Iny. glabrous, the outer scales few, inner either few or many, according to the size

of the head, which varies from 14 to 4-5 lines diameter. Disc-fl. mostly fertile;

ray-fl. often abortive.

LXXI. COTULA, Gaertn.

Heads many-fl., discoid, heterogamous or rarely homogamous ; mar-

ginal fl. in one or several rows, female, either without corolla or with a

2-toothed or filiform one; disc-fl. with a flattened or winged tube, some-

times shortly 2-eared at base, and a 4-lobed limb. ecepé. flat, often

papillate, without palee. Jn. 2—3-seriate, of few or several, subequal,

blunt scales. Achenes plano-compressed, often wing-margined, glabrous

or hispid, without pappus ; those of the ray mostly stipitate, of the dise

narrower, less winged, and often subsessile. DC. Prodr.6,p.77. Stron-

gylosperma, Less. Pleiogyne, Koch. in Bot. Zeit. t, p. 40.

Small branching annuals, or rarely perennials, chiefly African, but found also in

the warmer parts of the temperate zone. Leaves rarely opposite, or spuriously

whorled, often sheathing at the base, toothed, incised or pinnatisect, with narrow

lobes. Branches ending in naked, 1-headed peduncles. Heads small, hemispheri-

cal, yellow. Name from corvAn, a cup; the involucres are somewhat cuplike. Of

several species I have seen either no specimen or very imperfect ones; some are

ill-defined, and probably to be rejected on further examination.

( I. Evcoruta. Marginal female flowers few, either in 1, or very rarely in 2 rows.

Sp. 1-16).

Leaves opposite, sheathing, multipartite; lobes filiform ... (1) myriophylloides.

Leaves alternate, sheathing at base (glabrous) :

Lys. fiat, toothed or cut ; inv. scales linear _..._ .... (2) coronopifolia,

Lvs. ecg ete narrow; inv. se. ovate-oblong ... (3) pusilla,

Lvs. linear, quite entire; inv. sc. ovate-oblong :

Pedine. Sitter; note sas ees ss. (4) Alifollia.

Pedune. leafy nearly to the summit ... ... .... (5) bracteolata.

Leaves alternate, clasping or scarcely clasping, pinnatisect :

Glabrescent or sparsely hispid :

Lf£.-base wide, toothed, clasping ; lobes rigid, pungent (6) bipinnata.

Lé.-base scarcely half-clasping ; lobes flaccid, not pungent:

Leaves simply or sub-simply pinnatisect :

Peduncles nude, long, slender :

Diffusely branched ; leaf-lobes few,

ERNIE WE roses ate ae 7) laxa,

Dwarf, with radical leaves; lobes

narrow, thickish ... .. ... (13) Teesdaliz.

Ped. bearing a few linear, undivided leaves:

Erect, glabrous ; lobes in 7-8 pairs (14) pterocarpa.

Many-stemmed, branching, sparsel

i (11) tenella.

Leaves bipinnatisect ; upper lobes pinnulate (10) multifida.

Pilose or villous (copiously or more thinly) :

Leaves bipinnatisect, or partially so:

Thinly pilose ; inv. scales broad.

Diffusely branched, 3-4 inches long .,. (8) sororia.

VOL, IIt. 12

178 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Cotula.

Minute, erect, 1-2 inches high ... ... (9) leptalea,

Villous or pilose, with long, soft hairs :

_ Lys. scarcely clasping ; their lobes short-

Wat PEDAL ok Se (15) heterocarpa.

Lys. clasping ; their lobes very narrow, s

BERRI GHG... cee pen ive tems see oss tO)

Leaves simply pinnatisect ; lobes linear ... ... (12) Zeyherl,

II. Prerocyne. Marg. fem. fl. in many rows; disc-fl. few, and often sterile. (Sp.17).

Diffuse, pilose ; lvs. bipinnatisect... ... ... ... (17) anthemoides.

III. Disco-coruna. All the fl. perfect, with 4-toothed corollas. (Sp. 18-22).

Root annual. Peduncles scapelike.

Leaves glabrescent. Achenes winged at sides

MMR PONG i i ae os S. se, (78). nudicnalis.

Leaves silky-villous. Achenes not winged :

Inv. scales silky, narrow, brown-edged... (20) Thunbergii.

Inv. se. glabrous, widely membrane-edged (19) barbata.

Perennial, lignescent at base ; invol. scales glabrous, membr.-edged.

Pedune. scape-like, leafless (21) sericea.

Pedune. ending leafy stems or branches... (22) hispida.

I. Evcoruna (Sp. 1-16),

1. C. myriophylloides (Harv. in Hk. Ic. t. 335); glabrous ; stem

creeping (under water); leaves opposite, connate and sheathing at base,

digitately partite into many slender, filiform, elongate, entire lobes 5.

pedune. slender, axillary and terminal; invol. uniseriate, of 4—5 broad,

elliptic-oblong, obtuse seales; ray-fl. stipitate, with winged achenes ;

disc-fl. subsessile, with compressed corollas and wingless fruits.

Has. In shallow pools at Greenpoint, near Capetown, W. H. H. (Herb. D., Hk.)

A very remarkable species with the aspect of a Myriophyllum. At first sight the

leaves appear to be whorled, many thread-like leaves in each whorl ; but the whorl

is really composed as above described, of two opposite, connate leaves, cleft to the

base into many shreds. Leaf-lobes 1-1} inch long, not } line diam. Heads 3-4

lines diam.

2. C. coronopifolia (Linn. Sp. 1257); ascending or decumbent, gla-

brous; leaves loosely sheathing at base, broadly linear or sublanceolate,

irregularly toothed or pinnatifid, rarely subentire, obtuse ; sheath not

bearded, with a reflexed, often toothed margin; pedunc. naked or with

1-2 small leaves ; inv.-scales numerous, linear, obtuse, 3-nerved, membr.

tipped ; ray-fl. uniseriate, stipitate. Th/ Cap. 695. DOC. 1. c. 78. Lam.

Ill. t. 700, fig. 1. Dill. Elth. fig. 26.

Has. Wet spots throughout the Colony. (Herb. Th., D., Hk.)

Stems numerous, 10-12 or more inches in length, the longer ones trailing and

rooting ; root sometimes perennial. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 2-4 lines wide, very:

variable in shape, sometimes with a few long lobes. Heads bright yellow, 3-4 lines

diameter.

3. C. pusilla (Th. ! Cap. 695); glabrous, erect, slender ; leaves alter-

nate, loosely sheathing at base, pinnati-partite, the lobes linear, acute ;

pedune. naked or with 1-2 small, simple leaves; inv.-scales few, broadly

elliptical or oblong, obtuse, membrane-edged ; ray-fl. uniseriate, stipitate ;

es hispid on the inner face. D0. l. c. 78.

Var. 8. subindivisa (DC.); an inch high : ite entire, others spar-

ingly ee re ( Jobe: high ; some leaves quite entire,

Cotula.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 179

Pr 7 sy places, Zwartland, Thunberg/ a. and 8., Greenpoint, Ecklon! (Hb.

Thunberg’s specimens in his Herbarium are about 2 inches high; DC. has seen

one 6 inches, The fl.-heads are 2-3 lines diam. ‘The iny.-scales resemble those of

C. filifolia ; the leaves those of C. coronopifolia ; from both which the hispid achenes

separate this species.

4, C, filifolia (Thunb.! Cap. 696); glabrous, erect or decumbent ;

leaves linear or filiform, quite entire, shortly sheathing at base, the

sheath ciliate or bearded ; pedune. slender, naked ; inv.-seales broadly

ovate, very obtuse ; ray-fl. uniseriate, stipitate. DC.1¢.77. Zey. 838.

Var. 8. decumbens; decumbent, stems rooting from the lower nodes; leaves

broader and flatter, their sheaths more bearded. (C. barbellata, Fenzl!

Has. Wet spots, in sandy places, about Capetown, &c., Th.! Drege, BE. § Z.t

W. H. H., gc. (Hb. Th., Sd., D., Hk.)

A small, slender annual, 2-6 inches high, including the peduncle. Leaves 1-14

inch long, not half a line wide. Also a native of Pt. Phillip, Australia, Dr. F.

Mueller! Var. B., from very wet spots (Dr. Wallich! FE. § Z.!) is of much stronger

pa resembling some states of C. coronopifolia, but easily known by its broad

inyol,-scales.

5. C. bracteolata (E. Mey.); ‘* glabrous, sub-decumbent ; leaves

sheathing at base, linear, thickish, quite entire, obtuse ; fl.-branches

bearing smaller leaves nearly to the fl.-heads ; inv.-scales ovate, obtuse,

hyaline at point.” DC.l.c. p. 78. C. integrifolia, Burch. Trav. 1. p. 617

Has. Paarden Eyland, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

6. C. bipinnata (Th.! Cap. 696); sparingly pilose, at length glabrous,

branching, erect ; leaves with a wide, half-clasping, inciso-dentate base,

pinnati-partite, the lobes linear-subulate, rigid, pungent-mucronate,

either pungently few-toothed, or entire; pedunc. short, one-headed ;

ray-fl. uniseriate, shortly stipitate ; invol.-scales numerous, oblong, mem-

brane-tipped, obtuse. Jess./ Syn. p. 261. C. oxyodonta, DC./ lL. ¢. 78.

C. tenella, B. M.! ex pte. DC. 1. c. 80.

Has. Swartland, Piquet Berg and Verloren Valley, Thunberg/ At the Paarl,

= tbs mer tase a aoe igid than most, the larger specimens very much

2 in "i

branched. Leaves about uncial, maa neryed, with reflexed edges, all ther lobes

remarkably acute, and often hook-pointed. Pedunc. scarcely 1 inch long, bearing

a small leaf or two. Heads 2-3 lines diameter. Thunberg’s specimens are much

larger and more branching than Drege’s, but in all other respects identical. Drege’s

specimens of “ (. tenella” marked “ b” belong to this (Hb. D., Hk.) ; those marked

‘© 9” are retained as a species ; see next page.

7. C. laxa (DC.! L ec. 78); sparsely pilose or sub-glabrous, diffuse,

slender ; leaves scarcely half-clasping at base, the lowest petiolate, the

upper sub-sessile, all pinnati-partite, the lobes broadly linear or oblong,

veiny, mucronate, the lateral in few and distant pairs or alternate, ter-

minal 3-5 together; pedunce. filiform, elongate ; inv.-scales about ro,

ovate-oblong, shorter than disc, membrane-edged; ray-fl. uniseriate,

stipitate.

Has. Zilverfontein, 2-3000 f. Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very slender and weak-growing. Leaves pale green, 1-14 inch long, their lobes

2-3 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads not 2 lines diameter. Disc-fl. plano-compressed,

widely winged ; ray-fl. without corolla. 5

180 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Cotula.

8. C. sororia (DC. 1. c. 79); thinly pilose, slender, diffuse or erect ;

leaves scarcely half-clasping at base, petiolate, the lower bi-pinnati-

_ partite, the upper pinnatifid, lobes linear, mid-nerved, acute ; pedune.

filiform, short or longish, appressedly bristly under the fl.-head ; inv.

scales about 10, ovate-oblong, shorter than the disc, membr. edged ;

ray-fl. uniseriate, stipitate, without corolla.

Has. Graafreynet, 3-4000 ft., Drege! Uitenhage, EZ. Z./ (Herb. D., Sd.)

A slender, weak-growing annual. Leaves conspicuously petiolate, pinnatisect

above the middle, 14 inch long, the lobes scarcely 1 line wide. Heads 2~3 lines

diam. or pedunc. 1-2 inches. The aspect is nearly that of C. australis (Hook. f.

Fl. Tasm. t. 50, A.), but the female flowers are fewer. More hairy than C. axa,

with narrower, more divided, and longer leaf-lobes: Fenzl suggests that it may be a

mere variety of that species.

9. C. leptalea (DC. 1. c. 80); minute, thinly pilose, slender, suberect ;

leaves scarcely half-clasping at base, petiolate, bi-pinnati-partite, the

lobes linear, mucronate, the lower undivided, the upper pinnate or

ternately parted; pedunc. slender, filiform, appressedly bristly under

the head; inv. scales about 10, oval-oblong, membr. edged ; “ ray-fruits

flattened, winged, disc-fruits oblong, wingless.” DC.

Has. Between Zilverfontein, Kooperberg and Kaus, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.).

To me this appears like a starved form of C. sororia. By DC. it is said to be

very near “‘C’. tenella.” :

10. C. multifida (DC. 1. c. 80); “glabrescent, ascending, branched ;

leaves semi-amplexicaul at base, pinnati-partite, lobes on each side 2-3,

linear [the medial* naked, undivided, the uppermost pinnate-parted |,

the lobes trifid, the lobules linear, acute ; branches at the apex naked,

one-headed ; inv. scales oblong, obtuse, membrane-edged.” DC.

Has. Algoa Bay, Forbes. (Unknown to me).

11. C. tenella (E. Mey.); annual, slender, erect, branching, sparsely

pilose or glabrescent; leaves pinnate-parted from the half-clasping base,

the lobes linear, acute, one-nerved, entire or occasionally 1-2-lobed ;

peduncles terminal, filiform, with a few distant, simple leaves ; inv.

scales oblong, glabrous, brown-edged ; ray-achenes flattened, winged, of

the dise oblong, wingless. DC. 1. ¢. p. 80.

Has. Roodesand, between Nieuwekloof and Schlangenheuvel, Drege! Brackfon-

tein, £.g§ Z.! (Herb. Sond.)

_Drege’s specimens marked “b,” from Ebenezer, Olifant R., belong to the very

different C. bipinnata, Th. Root very slender. Stems pale straw-colour, weak,

filiform. Leaves mostly quite simply pinnatisect, 4-3 inch long, the lobes thin,

4 line diameter, Heads 3 lines across, globose. I have not seen ripe achenes.

_ 12. C. Zeyheri (Fenzl! in Hb. Sond.); annual, slender, erect, branch-

ing, variably pilose; leaves half-clasping at base, petiolate, pinnate-

partite, the lobes narrow-linear, entire, callous-mucronate ; pedune.

terminal, filiform, with a few distant, simple leaves; inv. scales oblong,

glabrous, broadly membrane-edged ; ray-achenes with a very wide,

_,* DO.s words are “ lobulis utrinqué 2-3 linearibus, medio subnudis indivisis apice

pnnate-partitis:” I have ventured, in rendering them, to substitute mediis for

medio,” and summis for “ apice ” whether advisedly or not, I cannot say.

Cotulu. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 181

membranous wing; disc-fl. hispidulous, with oblong achenes. C. villosa,

Ley.! (ex pte.) No. 2820. C. tenella, Zey.! (ex pte.) in Herb.

Has. Hassaquaskloof and near the Zwartkops River, Zeyher’ (Herb. Sond.)

Very near C. tenella, if it be more than a variety, with narrower leaf-lobes and

more copious pubescence. It differs from ‘‘ C. villosa” (if I rightly understand that

plant) in the few female marginal flowers, &c,

18. C. Teesdalie (DC. ! l.c.80); dwarf, erect, sparsely pilose or glabres-

cent; leaves subradical, petiolate, somewhat fleshy, pinnati-partite, the

lobes linear, callous-mucronate, the upper ones longer; pedune. scapelike,

2-3 times as long as the leaves, appressedly puberulous or glabrous ;

inv. scales broadly oval, obtuse, rufous, membrane-edged, glabrous; ray

achenes (fide DC.) “compressed, somewhat winged ; of the dise com-

pressed, the younger ones with a narrow wing.”

Has. Near Holriver, on Karroo-like hills, 1000 f., Drege! (Herb. Sd.)

Drege’s specimens are very dwarf, the stem 3 inch long; pedunc. 13-2 inches long.

Leaves about uncial, pinnate above the middle. Heads 3-4 lines in diameter. Margi-

nal female flowers few (I have failed to find them on the specimen examined).

14. C. pterocarpa (DC. 1. c. 80); “dwarf, glabrous, erect ; leaves

sessile, pinnati-partite, with linear rachis, lobes on each side 7-8, the

lower toothlike, medial linear, entire, uppermost toothed, all acute ;

branches bearing linear, entire leaves, one-headed ; inv. scales oval-oblong,

obtuse, with hyaline margins; ray-fruits pedicellate, elliptical, much

flattened, winged.” DC.

Has. Between Paardeneiland, Blauwberg and Tygerberg, on the flats, Drege.

(Unknown to me.)

15. C. heterocarpa (DC. 1. c. 80); annual, diffuse or ascending, many

stemmed, villous with long, soft hairs; branches or stems long, laxly

leafy ; leaves scarcely half-clasping at base, pinnati-partite from the

base, the lowest pair of lobes simple, the rest pinnulated ; segments

linear, acute or mucronate ; pedunc. terminal, elongate, filiform, naked

or bearing 1—3 distant, abortive leaves ; inv. scales numerous, 2—3 seriate,

glabrous or pubescent, oblong or ovate-oblong, the inner with membra-

nous tips ; achenes of the ray-fl. broadly winged, scaberulous on both

faces ; of the disc oblong, sub-compressed. C. cenieefolia, Drege! ex pte.

(in herbariis pluribus ).

Has. Cape, Drege! £.§ Z.! Albany, T. Williamson! T. Cooper, 8! Elandsberg,

T. Cooper, 246! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems 6-12 inches long, sometimes densely, sometimes more sparingly villous and

silky, the whole plant with the habit of Cenia turbinata, and by Drege distributed

under the name “‘(. ceniefolia,” which, however, (fide E. & Z.! specimens) is different.

16. C. ceniefolia (DC. ! 1. c. 79); annual, diffuse or erect, (or stemless

and stoloniferous), villous with long, soft hairs ; leaves with a broad,

membranous, clasping base, sub-bipinnati-partite from the base, the

lowest 2—3 pair lobes simple, the rest pinnulated, segments narrow- linear,

rigid, callous-mucronate ; pedune. terminal, elongate, filiform, nude; inv.

scales ovate-oblong, brown-edged, obtuse, glabrate ; marginal-fl. uniseri-

ate, female, with compressed, 2-toothed corollas; their achenes broadly

membrane-winged, glabrous ; of the dise oblong, with a very narrow,

membranous border. C. poecilophylla, C. Koch? Bet, Zeit. 1. 39.

182 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Cotula.

Var. B, scaposa (DC!); almost stemless, but throwing out stolons; leaves sub-

radical; pedune. scape-like.—C. stolonifera, Harv. MSS. olim, in Hb. Hook.

Has, Stellenbosch and Swellendam, Ecklon! Zondag R., Burchell, fide DC. B.,

Caledon, Zey./ 2821. (Herb. D, Hk.)

Stems long or short. Leaves more rigid, with narrower leaf-lobes than in C. hetero-

carpa, their bases much spread. Unripe achenes with a very wide, delicately mem-

branous wing. I think C. poecilophylla, C. Koch, must be intended for a var. of

this plant.

II. PLerocynz. (Sp. 17).

17, C. anthemoides (Linn. Sp. 1256); variably pilose or hirsute,

diffusely much branched ; leaves half-clasping and often toothed at

base, sub-bipinnatifid, the lower lobes short, simple or toothed, the

upper longer, inciso-dentate or pinnulate, the lobes and lobules broadly

linear, nerved, acute; pedune. lateral or terminal, shorter or longer,

filiform ; iny.-scales numerous, narrow-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, with

hyaline or white edges; ray-fl. in many rows, their achenes winged,

with minutely granulated or smooth faces. DC. 1. c. 79. Lam. Ill. t.

791, f. 3. Dill. Hlth. t. 23, f. 25. C. abyssinica, Sch. B. Pl. Schimp. 137

(non 1381).

Var. a. pilosa ; copiously pilose or hirsute. C. anthemoides, and C. villosa, DC.?

Var. 8. glabriuseula; sparingly pilose or glabrescent. (. microcephala, DC./ 1.

¢.p. 79. C. sororia, Drege (ex pte.) non DC.

Has. Betw. Beaufort and Rhinosterkop, Drege! Natal, Miss Owen! J. Sanderson,

hg Re pose near Verleptpram, Drege / Litaku, Burchell, 2323 (fide DC.) (Hb.

«3 od., &e.

Stems evidently spreading, inches long or more, repeatedly subdivided.

Leaves 1-15 Smale, pa pedir seapie at base, their lobes 4-3 inch

long, 4-1 line wide. Pubescence very variable in amount. Pedunc. 1-3 inches

long. A native of Egypt and Nubia, &c. C. villosa, E. Z.! in Hb. Sond. appears

to me to be identical with this. I have not seen Burchell’s plant.

III. Discocoruna. (Sp. 18-22).

18. C. nudicaulis (Thunb.! Cap. 695) ; annual, stem multifid at the

crown; branches short, tufted, closely leafy, sparsely pilose or glabrate ;

leaves opposite, clasping at base, pinnati-partite above the middle,

sparsely pilose or glabrous, lobes linear, thickish, entire, callous-tipped ;

peduncles elongate, scapelike, glabrous ; inv.-scales about 10, roundish-

oblong, very obtuse, biseriate ; heads homogamous, but the outer fl.

generally abortive, all stipitate with similar corollas ; corolla tube very

short, widely 2-winged, limb 4-toothed ; achenes flattened, with a mar-

ginal, membranous wing, and two connivent, inrolled wings on its inner

face. Cenia discoidea, Less.! Syn.261. DC. 1. ¢. 83.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/! (Herb. Thunb.)

A very curious and distinctly marked species, which might almost be made the

type of a genus, in some measure connecting Cotula with Otochlamys. The structure

of the achene is very curious, reminding one in some degree of that of an Arctotts.

Viewed on its dorsal side, it shows merely the flat, wing-edged, oblong, disc-like

form of an ordinary achene in Cotula, but viewed in front, it presents, within the

marginal wing, the aspect as of a grain of wheat, with a slit more or less open down

the middle: this is formed by two intra-marginal, longitudinal, inrolled wings.

The marginal flowers, though formed like the rest, are generally abortive, on longer

Leber: may ape The old receptacles ate simost ockinata with

persistent fl.-pedicels, — achenes are . In general as it resembles C.

barbata, bub a Gee Mun aoe te

Cotula.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 183

_19. C, barbata (DC. Lc. 79); annual, cespitose, villous, with long

silky hairs, the crown dividing into several very short, rudimentary

stems ; leaves subradical and tufted, softly villous, petiolate, pinnati-

partite above the middle, the lobes few, narrow-linear, simple or forked,

callous-tipped ; pedunc, very long, scapelike, glabrous, heads many-

flowered, homogamous; inv.-seales 10-12, the outer broadly ovate with

membranous edges, the inner scarious, very obtuse; corolla tube longer

than the bell-shaped limb, widely 2-winged, limb 4-toothed, the teeth

granulated ; ovaries granulated (achenes not seen).

Has. Betw. Zilverfontein and Kaus, 2~3000 f,, and near Lelifontein, Drege /

(Hb. D., Hk., Sd.) ‘

United by Fenzl (Hb. Sd.) with C. nudicaulis, of which it has the habit ; but

besides the copious pubescence, this differs in the form of the corolla and the surface

of the ovary. Ihave not seen the achenes, but, judging by the ovary, they must

differ greatly from those of C. nudicaulis. Tufts subglobose, 2 inches in diameter.

Pedune. seapelike, 5~6 inches long. Heads 4-5 lines in diameter. I cannot find

any female marginal flowers.

20. C, Thunbergii (Harv.) ; annual, stem multifid at the crown;

branches short, tufted, closely leafy, pubescent; leaves alternate, clasp-

ing at base, long petioled, at the apex trifid or shortly pinnatisect,

densely silky with soft, spreading hairs, the lobes linear, simple or

forked, callous-tipped; pedunce, elongate, scapelike, glabrous; inv.-scales

numerous, narrow-oblong, silky, one-nerved, brown-edged, with a nar-

row membranous border; heads homogamous (the outer fl. commonly

abortive), all fl. subsessile, with similar 4-toothed corollas; cor. tube

narrowly winged, expanding at base into a short, spreading frill, which

overhangs the ovary ; achenes compressed, wingless. C. sericea, Thunb.!

in Herb. No. 2 (excl. Sp. No. 1).

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th., No. 2).

With the aspect and foliage of C. barbata, this has a very different involucre and

structure of flowers; the frill at base of the corolla is evidently an appendage similar

to that which envelopes the ovary in Otochlamys. Stems 1-2 inches long, densely

tufted. Leaves about uncial, for } their length simple and petiolar, lobes 3—4 lines

long. Pedune, 4-6 inches long. Heads 4 lines diameter.

21. C. sericea (Thunb.! Cap. 696); perennial? lignescent at base,

many-stemmed, tufted ; leaves on long clasping petioles, bi-pinnatipar-

tite, densely silky with appressed hairs, lobes and lobules linear-terete,

entire, obtuse ; peduncles long, scape-like, nude, 1-headed ; heads flat-

tish-convex; inv. scales longer than the disc, glabrous, oblong, obtuse,

- nerved, with a wide, hyaline, membranous border; heads homogamous,

all fl. subsessile, with similar, 4-toothed corollas; cor.-tube compressed,

slightly winged, shortly ear-frilled at base ; achenes compressed, wing-

less. (C. sericea, Thunb.! in Herb. No. (excl. sp. No. 2). Tanacetum

linearilobum, DC. 1. c. 133.

Has. Cape, Thunberg ! Witbergen, 7-8000 ft., Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk.)

Stems payee high, ascending, ‘tafted. pSatto 8 ere long, including

the petiole. Pedune. 3-12 inches long. In Thunberg’s herbarium are two sheets

marked “‘ Cotula sericea:” that marked No. 1 belongs to this species ; that marked

No. 2 to our C. Thunbergii.

22. C.? hispida (Harv.); perennial, lignescent at base, many-stemmed,

184 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Cenia.

tufted; stems ascending-erect, simple, pilose, ending in a nude, one-

headed peduncle; radical and lower leaves petiolate, bipinnati-partite,

the lobules linear, callous-tipped ; cauline sessile, simply pinnate ; all

villous, with long, soft hairs; pedunc. elongate, glabrous, somewhat

fistular under the head; invol. scales numerous, bi-triseriate, oblong,

r-nerved, glabrous, obtuse, with a hyaline, membranous border; heads

homogamous, all fi. subsessile, with similar 4-toothed corollas; cor.-tube

narrowly winged, shortly ear-frilled at base; achenes compressed, wing-

less. Tanacetum hispidum, DC. /1.¢.133. Matricaria hispida, Fenzl! MSS,

Has. Witberg, Drege! T. Cooper, 660; Draakensberg, Cooper,1022. (Hb. D., Hk., 8d.)

Stems 6+12 inches long or more, closely leafy in the lower half, pedunculoid up-

wards ; the upper leaves shorter, simpler, and laxer, gradually passing into scales.

Lower and radical leaves, including the petiole, 2-24 inches long; upper 4-3 inch.

Heads depressed or flat, 5-8 lines diameter. This has the aspect of a Cenia. Its

evidently winged corolla excludes it from Tanacetum and Matricaria, and brings it

near C. sericea and C. Thunbergii, from both which it differs in having its flowering

stems leafy to or beyond the middle.

Doubtful Species,

C. villosa (DC. 1. c.79); “ whole plant villous-hispid, erect, branched ;

leaves sessile, pinnati-partite, the lobes of the lower leaves trifid, of

the upper entire, oblong-linear, mucronate; branches leafless at top, 1-

headed, pubescent ; inv. scales membr.-edged, elliptic-oblong, obtuse ;

achenes very thick, muriculate on the dise.” DC.1. c.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 6462.

I have not seen Burchell’s plant, but specimens in Hb. Ecklon (Hb. Sond.), named

* villosa,” seem to me not to differ materially from C. anthemoides.

C. stenophylla (C. Koch. Bot. Zeit. 1, 40); “villous; stem branched -

at base; branches simple, elongate, below set with pinnate leaves, above

leafless ; inv. scales oblong ; ray-fl. stipitate, in 2-3 rows.” Walp. Rep.

2, p- Og.

Has. Cape, Ecklon,

Is this the same as C’. Zeyheri, Fenzl?

LXXII. CENIA, Commers.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous; ray-fl. female, 1-2 rows, some shortly

ligulate or bilabiate, (the outer lip ligulate, the inner much shorter

3-toothed), some (in C. turbinata) without corolla; rarely all the flowers

tubular. Disc-fl. compressed, 4-toothed. Recept. convex, naked, crown-

ing the top-shaped hollow apex of the peduncle. Inv.scales biseriate. <Achenes

compressed, wingless, but margined, oblong or obovate, without pappus.

DC. Prodr, 6, 82.

Small, hairy,annual or perennial plants, with pinnatisect, or bipinnatisect, alternate

leaves, and terminal, 1-headed, naked peduncles. Distinguished from Cotula by the

marginal rays (not always present), and specially by the hollow, top shaped apex of

the peduncle, which is very conspicuous in the fruiting heads: hence th name, from

xevos, empty or hollow .

Inv. scales marked with 3-5 nerves:

Rootannual, Stemsslender, diffusely branchedorsimple (1) turbinata.

Root perennial. Stems suffruticose, ascending or procumbent ;

weaves with slenderlobes. Pubescence close-lying,

Cenia. | COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) 185

Lys. with short, broader lobes. Pubescence loose,

bat Fe oe pas Bea) SS, a ae

Inv. scales one-nerved. Annual, softly villous with spread-

(3) pectinata,

(4) microglossa,

1, C. turbinata (Per. Ench. 2. 465); diffusely much branched, copi-

ously pubescent or pilose ; leaves from a broad-toothed base, pinnatisect

or bipinnatisect, the lobes linear, spreading, callous-mucronate, very acute;

pedune. elongate, naked, thinly and appressedly pilose ; inv. sc. 8-12,

ovate or oblong, 3—5-nerved, glabrous ; rays slightly longer than the

involucre; achenes obovate, margined, minutely granulated or nearly

smooth, some of the marginal (which are generally abortive and have

no corolla) muriculated. Less. Syn.261. Cotula turbinata, Linn, Sp. 1258.

Lidbeckia turbinata, Th. Cap. 694. Lam. Ill. t. 701, f. 1.

Var. a, concolor; rays pale yellow on both sides, (C. turbinata, DC. 1. c. 82.

C. anthemoidea, DC. lL. c.

Var. 8. discolor; rays yellow above, purplish beneath. C. pruinosa, DC. l.c.

Zey.! 2819.

Var. y. debilis; diffuse, weak; leaf-lobes shorter and broader than in a and 8.

C. debilis, DC. 1. ¢c. O. sub-heterocarpa, Less? E,& Z.! in Hb. Sd.

Has. A common weed throughout the colony. (Herb. D., Hk., &c.)

Very variable in size, (2-15 inches long, erect or procumbent) ramification and

pubescence, also in the leaves, which are 1-3 inches long, simply or doubly pinnati-

sect, with narrow or broadish lobes on the same plant. Nor do | think the discoloura-

tion of the rays a more certain character. No one seems to haye noticed that some

of the marginal flowers are constantly destitute of corolla, exactly asin Cotula, while

others have a bilabiate-ligulate corolla; those destitute of corolla, though with well

formed styles, are often abortive ; when fertile their achenes are muriculated, and

such plants become (. anthemoidea, DC. I can only distinguish C. debilis, DC. by

its somewhat broader leaf-lobes, a char. which he admits to be variable. The number

of inv. scales, by DC. said to be 8, are surely often 12 or more; and possibly C.

sub-heterocarpa, Less. should be added to the above varieties: FE. & Z.’s specimens

at least are by me undistinguishable.

: wee eee

2. C, sericea (DC. 1. c. 82, excl. syn.); suffruticose at base, ascending ;

multipartite; branches tufted, short, robust, closely leafy ; leaves from

a broad, toothed or pectinated base, pinnatisect or bipinnatisect, appres-

sedly silky-tomentose, the lobes linear, callous-mucronate, acute ; pedunc.

elongate, naked, appressedly silky or glabrate; inv. scales 8-12, ovate,

3-nerved, glabrate ; rays equalling or scarcely equalling the involucre ;

achenes obovate, margined, smooth, uniform,

Van. a. concolor; rays yellowish ; pubescence copious ; leaf-lobes broader. C. sericea,

DC. 1. ¢.

Var. B. discolor; rays coppery beneath ; pubescence more scanty ; leaf-lobes

slender. @. discolor, DU. l. ec.

Has. Var. a, Zuureberg and Zondag R., Drege. Zwartkops River, H. § Z./ near

Pt. Elizabeth, Zeyher! 8. Albany, Verreaucx! near Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton!

(Herb. D. , Sd.) :

Seemingly perennial, rigid and ligneous at base, many stemmed ; stems 2-8 inches

long, sub-simple, ascending, the older ones closely imbricated with the broad, pecti-

nated bases of broken leaves, the young parts closely leafy. Leaves 1-1} inch long,

copiously or more sparingly silky, the lobes simple or pinnulate. Pedunc. 3-6 inches

long. Marginal fi. all ligulate-bilabiate.—Thunberg’s ‘‘ C. sericea,” composed partly

of our ‘‘ Cotula sericea” and partly of “ Tanacetum linearilobum, DC.,” is quite different

from the plant here described. :

186 COMPOSIT (Haryv.) [Stilpnophytum.

3. C. pectinata (DC.! 1. c. 83); suffruticose at base, robust, diffuse,

decumbent or ascending, densely fulvous-silky and shaggy ; branches

robust, closely leafy ; leaves from a broad pectinated base, bipinnatisect, ,

roughly fulvo-sericeous, the lobes short, incurved, very hairy, obtuse ;

pedune. elongate, naked, appressedly silky or glabrate ; inv.-scales

ovate, bluntly acuminate, biseriate, numerous, faintly plurinerved, gla-

brous; rays . . . ; achenes obovate, smooth, uniform. Lidbechia

pectinata, Lckl.! in Hb,

Has. Cape Recief, near Algoa Bay, Ecklon! Zey.! 2816. (Herb. Sd.)

Very similar in character to C. sericea, but much more robust, with more copious,

looser, longer, and tawny pubescence. Stems a foot in length, 2 lines diameter at

base, very closely leafy, the leaves spreading.

4, C. microglossa (DC.! 1. c. 83); diffusely much-branched from the

crown ; branches elongate, leafy at intervals, softly and patently villous ;

leaves scattered or tufted, from broad, pectinate bases, bipinnatisect,

softly villous with long, spreading, very slender hairs, the lobes linear,

thickish, callous-mucronate ; pedunc. very long = medial one scape-

like, rising from the crown), villous with spreading hairs; inv.-scales

20-30, biseriate, one-nerved, the outer ovate, the inner oblong, all gla-

brous and membrane-edged ; rays shorter than the invol. (or none) ;

achenes oblong-obovate, smooth, uniform.

Var. flosenlosa; ray-fl. tubular, female or sterile. C. flosculosa, DC./ I. c.

Has. Betw. Pedroskloof and Liliefontein, and on the Roodeberg, Drege! Speck-

taakel, Namaqualand, Rev. H. Whitehead! 8. Betw. Zuurebergen and K1. Bruint-

jeshoogte, Drege/ (Herb. Hk., D., Sd. ;

Stems a foot long, purplish, interruptedly leafy. Leaves 14-2 inches long, pale,

very villous, all the hairs widely spreading. Pedunc. 8-12 inches long, in fruit

widely turbinate under the head. Iny.-scales with a single, dark-coloured midnerve.

Except in the absence of the imperfectly ligulate rays, 1 find nothing to distinguish

C. flosculosa, DC.

LXXIII. STILPNOPHYTUM, Less.

_ Heads many-fl., discoid, homogamous. Recept. flat, naked. Inv.-scales

imbricated, pluriseriate, dry. Achenes oblong, cylindrical, angularly

ribbed or striate and furrowed or cuneate, subcompressed. Pappus

none. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 92.

Glabrous shrubs with the habit of Athanasia, from which genus this is distinguished

solely by the want of paleze between the flowers. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite,

linear, entire. Heads corymbose, rarely solitary. Flowers yellow. Name from

artArvos, shining, and puroy, a plant ; the involucres are polished and glossy.

Sub-genus 1. Eu-Srm.pnopurtum. Achenes cylindrical, rib-striate. Leaves alter-

nate. Heads corymbose.

Heads many-fiowered. Inv.-scales acute, serrulato-ciliate (1) linifolium.

Heads 15~-20-flowered. Inv.-scales oblong, membr. edged (2) oocephalum.

Sub-genus 2, As&Mia (Harv.) Achenes cuneate, sub-compressed. Leaves opposite.

Heads solitary, terminal, on minute, axillary ramuli ... (3) axillare.

1 8. linifo lium (Less.! Syn. 264); leaves linear-filiform or subulate,

acute; corymb simple or slightly compound, 5-1o-20-headed ; inv.

many ee scales. cre, oe serrulate ; heads

Athanasia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 187

_ Var. a. longifolium; leaves few or many times longer than the internodes. &,

longifoliwm, Less.’ DC.! 1. c. 92. Tanacetum longifolium, Th.! Cap. 642.

Var. 8. brevifolium; leaves scarcely longer than the internodes. S. linifoliwm,

Less! Syn. DC.! l. c. 92. Tanacetum linifolium, Th.! Cap. 642.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Burchell, 5721, Mundt! Outenequaland, Drege! George,

Dr. Prior! B, Langekloof, Th.! Clanwilliam, Ecklon. (Herb. Th,, Hk., D., Sd.)

A tall, virgate, strong-growing, slightly branched suffrutex ; branches 1-2 ft. long,

closely or sparsely leafy. Leaves in a, 2-3 inches, in 8, 8-12 lines long, scarcely

1 line wide. Inv.-scales thick and glossy, finely serrato-ciliate, broadly ovate. Heads

50-100-fl, Var. 8 merely differs in its shorter leaves, a most variable character,

when many specimens are seen. Drege’s “8. linifolium” in some Herb. is “ Atha-

nasia flexuosa,”

2. S. oocephalum (DC. 1. c. 93); slender; leaves scattered, linear,

flattish, obtuse, entire, obliquely erect, above slightly concave; corymb

compound, loosely many-headed ; heads oblong, 15—20-flowered ; inv.

scales oblong, obtuse, scarious, membrane-edged ; outer achenes sharply

5-angled, inner abortive.

Has. Near Swellendam, Burchell, 7462. Hassaquaskloof, Zey.! 2822. (Herb.

Hook., Sd., D.)

A slender suffrutex with the habit of Athanasia linifolia. Branches virgate.

Leaves half an inch apart, 6-8 lines long, 1 line wide. Corymb 30-40-headed.

Heads 2-3 lines long, pale straw-colour, the inv. scales thinnish and very blunt

Zeyher’s plant (here described) seems to agree with the description of Burchell’s

original, which I have not seen.

3. S. (Asemia) axillare (Less. ! Syn. 264); diffusely much-branched,

flexuous; leaves opposite, connate and slightly sheathing at base, linear-

filiform, acute ; heads solitary, terminating minute, axillary, leafy ramuli ;

invol. ovoid, its scales appressed, broad, obtuse, with a narrow, mem-

branous border; achenes cuneate, sub-compressed, smooth. DC. l. c.

p-93. Tanacetum axillare, Th.! Cap. 642. Asemia axillaris, Harv. MSS.

in Hb. Thunb. !

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Thunb.)

Root thick and woody. Whole plant glabrous, pale. Stems 1 foot or more in

length, according to Thunberg “‘erect;” but, judging by the aspect of his dried

specimens, seemingly very diffuse or prostrate. Leaves 1-1} inch long, not a line

wide. Invol. 3-4 lines long, shorter than the flowers. Flowers yellow. Anthers

tailless. Style-branches truncate. Very unlike other Stilpnophyta in habit, and

perhaps better considered as the type of a separate genus, distinguished by the

connate leaves, solitary heads, and sub-compressed (young) achenes. The name

Asemia, proposed above, is derived from aonuos, obscure or ignoble; in contrast to

the shining Stilpnophyta.

LXXIV. ATHANASIA, Linn.

Heads few- or many- flowered, discoid, homogamous. eceptacle

bearing paleze between the flowers. nvol. imbricate, scarious (except

in A. capitata, where the outer scales are large and leafy) in several

rows, the outer short. Cor. 5-toothed. <Anth. without tails. Achenium

oblong, sharply 5-angled or winged. Pappus either of several short,

flat, unequal scales ; or of swollen, jointed, short, deciduous hairs; or

none. Hymenolepis, Holophyllum, Athanasia, and Morysia, DC. Prodr.

pp. 85, 86, go.

Small shrubs or half-shrubby plants, strongly scented and glandular. Leaves

188 composit& (Harv.) [Athanasia.

scattered, either entire, toothed, lobed or pinnati-partite, varying in shape on the

same branch or root. Pubescence very variable. Heads corymbose, rarely solitary.

Flowers yellow, There is no difference in habit among the species of the above

combined genera, except in Holophyllum, which consists of a single species having

a leafy involucre. The species are very variable, and some of them difficult to fix

natural limits to; perhaps I have retained too many. The name is compounded of

a, negative, and Bayaros, death; because the flower-heads are dry and persistent.

I. Hymenowerts (Cass.), nv. scales imbricated, scarious, the outer ones small.

Pappus of several short, flat, acute scales. (Sp. 1-8.)

Flower-heads small, each containing 3-5-7 flowers :

Leaves pinnatisect, lobes long, linear; inv. glabrous _—_(1) parviflora.

Leaves some entire, some 1—2- toothed or pinnatisect, lobes short :

Inv. pubescent ; pappus very short, ciliate ... (2) incisa.

Iny. glabrous ; pappus of palmatifid,f flat scales (3) schizolepis.

Leaves all undivided, linear... (4) indivisa.

Flower-heads many-flowered (20~50-fl.) :

Recept. flattish.—Lvs. sie = —

WOME 2 (5) punctata.

Recept. conical :

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, softly hairy, entire or

toothed ... (6) Dregeana,

Leaves ovate, sharply ‘serrate, glabrous ; : “twigs

cobwebby (7) leucoclada.

Lys. jira paride lobes linear; twigs ‘pubescent (8) coronopifolia.

Ij. Hotopnytium (Less.). Outer inv. scales leaf-like, as long as the inner scales

and the dise-flowers. Pappus of many short, swollen, brittle, jointed hairs.

More or less villous; leaves seine obovate or roundish ; ;

heads few, many-flowered reduces des wes: > (9) Cpitata,

Ill. Ev-atnanasta. Inv. seh ‘imbeioated, scarious, the outer ones small. Pap-

pus of many short, swollen, brittle, jointed hairs. (Sp. 10-30.)

FlL-heads oblong or oval, 10-25- (rarely 35-) flowered :

Corymb much branched, densely many-headed :

Tomentose ; leaves flat, 3-5-forked or pinnatifid,

the upper entire... ... (10) hirsuta,

Tomentose or glabrous ; lvs. linear, ‘semi-terete,

mostly entire ... .. (11) filiformis,

Corymb slightly compound o or simple, loosely few-headed :

Lys. linear, glabrous ; corymb slightly compound (12) flexuosa.

Lys. linear, velvetty; corymb simple; inv. tomen. (13) sertulifera.

Lys. oblong or lin.-oblong, glabrous and rugulose

beneath ; twigs and invol. hairy ... (14) rugulosa.

Lys. short, ‘ovate or oblong, or 3-lobed, ‘glabrous ; .

invol., glabrous .. . ... (15) microphylla.

Lys. orbicular, glabrous ; inv. scales downy ... (16) rotundifolia.

Lvs. obovate or cuneate, entire or 3-toothed,

glabrous; inv, glabrous ree . (17) dimorpha,

Fl.-heads globose or obovate, many-flowered (40-50-100-f1. }

Leaves narrow-linear, entire (or 3-toothed or lobed) :

Corymb few-headed ; inner inv. scales scarious

and tornatedge ... ... (18) oligocephala.

Corymb 10-20-headed ; inv. ‘scales oblong, obtuse,

quite entire... ... (19) glabrescens.

Slender ; corymb few- headed ; outer inv. scales

ovate, acute, inner scarious ... -.. (20) eriopoda.

Lys. oblong or ovate-obl., entire (or 3-5-toothed o or lobed).

Branches, leaves, pedicels, and inv. fons 6 ——

= many-headed (21) pubescens.

Athanasia.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 189

Branches hairy; leaves ween: corymb i

cled, branched .. . (22) crenata,

Branches, leaves, ped., “and invol. glabrous ; co-

rymb simple, many- “headed ct (25) trifureata, ¢.

Branches pilose; leaves fleshy, wrinkled when

' dry; heads solitary, sessile. (23) scabra.

pe leaves, ated and invol. hairy; z “heads -

subsolitary, pedicillate ... 24) pachycephala,

Leaves obovate-cuneate, entire, glabrous, closely i im- —

bricating . --. (27) imbricata,

Leaves oblongo-cuneate, tapering at ‘base, "3+5- lobed

or toothed ; invol. globose... ... (25) trifurcata.

Leaves very short, recurved, 3- lobed or r toothed ; inv.

tapering at base... ... (26) Mundtii.

Leaves short, recurved, obovate- orbicular, entire or

3-5-toothed ; invol. globose pies ... (28) quinquedentata,

Lys. 3—5-lobed to the middle; the lobes long ‘and 1 narrow:

Heads globose; inv. scales broad, obtuse, inner

lacerate ... ... (25) trifurcata, B., 7.

Heads ovoid; inv. se. narrow, acute, rigid, ‘entire (29) crithmifolia.

Lys. palmatifid, the medial lobe entire, lateral deeply

bifid; all parts of plant silky... ... ... . (30) palmatifida.

IV. Morysta (Cass.). Jnvol. scales imbricated, scarious, the outer ones small.

Pappus none. (Sp. 31-40.)

Leaves linear, quite entire :

All parts tomentose... ... (31) tomentosa,

Glabr. Corymb densely much branched, ,many- -headed:

Heads 7~9-fl. Leaves crowded, mucronulate ... (32) fasciculata.

Heads 15-20-f1. Lys. scattered or close, acute,

narrow... (33) linifolia,

Heads 20-25-41. ‘Leaves distant, “broadly linear (34) juncea. |

Glabr. Corymb simple, few-headed. Heads 2 5-40-fl. (35) longifolia.

Leaves ovate or obovate, or oblong, toothed, or lobulate:

Lys. half-clasping, broad-based, squarrose or reflexed (36) dentata.

Lys. tapering at base; tube of corolla hairy! ... ... (37) spathulata,

Leaves pinnati-partite (or some simple); lobes linear :

Glabrous; leaf-lobes chasm’; invol. oe (38) pectinata,

and unc, hairy; vs. glabrous, wi

pee Seairetsosein: inv. scales very narrow, glandular (39) acerosa.

All parts velvetty-tomentose, canescent ... ....... (40) pinnata.

Sect. 1. Hymenoweris. (Sp. 1-8).

1. A. parviflora (Linn. Sp. 1182); leaves from the middle pinnati-

partite, lobes few, distant, linear, elongate, sub-acute ; corymb much-

branched, spreading, very many-headed ; heads 3-4- fl. 5 inv.-scales

glabrous, oblong, concave, sub-acute; pappus of several, unequal, nar-

row, minute, flat scales. Thunb.! Cap. 636. Jacg. Schoenbr. t. 140.

Burm. Afr. t. 68, f. 4. Hymenolepis parviflora, DC. l. ¢. 85. H. lepto-

cephala, Cass.

Has. Western Districts. Mts. round Capetown, common. Paarl, Drege! Tul-

bagh, Dr. Pappe! Blandsberg, Dr. Wallick. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A robust, densely leafy , 2-4 ft. high, corymbosely branched, the young

branches and leaves flocculent, the old glabrous. Leaves 2-23 inches long, the

lobes 1-14 inch long, 1 line wide. Inv. sulphur-yellow, glossy ; heads 1 line diam.,

2 lines long. Corymbs densely much-branched.

190 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [Athanasia.

2. A. incisa (Harv.); “glabrous, sub-glaucous ; some leaves linear,

quite entire, some trifid, others pinnately 5-lobed, all the lobes with

sub-revolute margins, mucronate; heads oblong, 4—5-flowered, crowded

in a very dense corymb ; inv.-scales pubescent, appressed; pappus very

short, scarcely membranous, ciliate”’ DC. Ath, pinnata, HZ. Mey. wm

Coll. Drege, fide DC. Hymenolepis incisa, DC, 1. ¢. 85.

oe Betw. Hexriver and Bokkeveld, on table land and stony hills, 3-4000 f.

ege.

Said to resemble A. pinnata, but to differ in the glabrous leaves, and minute pappus.

3. A. schizolepis (Harv.); erect, glabrous; branches striate; leaves

erect, linear, callous-mucronate, some quite entire, some on each side

unidentate, some sparingly pinnatisect, the lobes short, mostly alternate;

heads oblong, 4—5-fl., densely corymbose ; inv.-scales glabrous, mem-

brane-edged ; pale lacerate; pappus of several, palmately-multifid, flat

scales, Morysia, Sp. 84, Hb. Eckl, !

Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

A single specimen, without locality. Leaves scarcely inch long, } line diam.,

thickish, the lower mostly quite entire, the upper more or less inciso-dentate or

pinnatisect, the lobes 1-2 lines long, erect, acute. Invol. 3-4 lines long, sub-com-

pressed, turning blackish in drying. By its foliage this seems near A. incisa, but if

DC.’s account of the pappus be correct, it cannot be the same. The pappus in our

plant is more developed than in most of this section, and each scale is deeply cut

into many narrow lobes, :

4. A. indivisa (Harv.); glabrous, leaves linear-filiform, nearly terete,

undivided, quite entire, sub-acute ; corymb compound, many-headed ;

heads 3-4-fl.; inv.-seales glabrous, oblong, concave, obtuse ; pappus of

several, unequal, narrow, minute, flat scales. Hymenolepis indivisa, Drege!

Has. On the Zuureberg, betw. Enon and Driefontein, Drege! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

This has the habit, and nearly the foliage and inflorescence of A. fasiculata, for

which it may readily be mistaken ; but has a pappus precisely like that of A. parvi-

flora. It is either omitted by De Candolle or combined with his Hymenolepis incisa,

which (by the char. given) seems to be different, and comes at least from a very

different locality. Leaves 1-14 inch long, not 1 line diam., crowded. Heads as in

A. parviflora.

5. A. punctata (Harv.); virgate, erect, simple or branched ; branches

terete, pubescent, robust; leaves densely crowded or tufted, sessile, ob-

long or cuneate-oblong, sharply serrate or entire, midribbed, on both

sides conspicuously gland-dotted, glabrous ; corymb compound, fasti-

giate, the pedicels pubescent ; heads 20-25-flowered ; inv.-scales ob-

long or ovato-lanceolate, loosely imbricated, glandular ; recept. flattish,

with many narrow-linear pales ; pappus of several, unequal, broadish,

flat, entire or toothed scales, Hymenolepis punetata, DO. l. ¢. 85.

Has. Gauritz R., Burchell, 5055. Kromriver, Drege! Vanstaadens Mts., Uit.,

E. § Z.! Zey.! 289. Near Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! Natal, 7. Cooper/ 1155-

Maritzberg to Ladysmith, Gerr. ¢ McKen! 280. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) :

243 f. , strong-growing, the young plants sub-simple, branched at the summit

only. Leaves 3-3 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, mostly toothed, the upper ones often

entire ; dots oblong, resinous. Corymbs 2-3 inches across. Heads 2-3 lines diam.

Pappus of broadish scales. A. punctata, Th.! is a var. of A. capitata. The anthers

are minutely produced at base,

Athanasia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 191

6. A. Dregeana (Harv.); stem erect ; branches terete, densely and

softly hairy; leaves crowded, sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, on both

sides softly hairy, midnerved, entire or denticulate; corymb compound,

fastigiate, the pedicels hairy ; heads 20-25-fl. ; iny.-scales lanceolate,

serrulate, loosely imbricated, glandular; recept. conical; pappus of

about 8 tooth-like scales. LHymenolepis Dregeana, DC. l. ¢. 85.

Has. Betw. the Omsamcaba and Omsamwubo, Drege/ (Herb. Sond.)

I have only seen a small branch. Leaves }—} inch long, 3-4 lines wide, mostly

entire. Whole plant save the involucres densely and softly hairy.

7. A. leucoclada (Harv.); “branches terete, virgate, with a whitish,

depressed, cobwebby covering ; axils without ramuli; leaves sessile,

erect, coriaceous, subpunctate, glabrous, ovate, acute, sharply serrate ;

corymb simple, dense, few-headed, the pedicels bracteolate, shorter than

the subglobose, many-flowered fi.-head ; inv.-scales oblong, truncate

(recept. conical) ; achenes rib-striate, crowned with a minute, scaly,

many-toothed pappus.” DO—Hymenolepis leucoclada, DC. l. ¢. 86.

Has. Betw. the Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, 1-2000 f., Drege.

Unknown to me.

8. A. coronopifolia (Harv.) ; erect ; branches virgate, terete, striate

upwards, pubescent with whitish, short hairs ; leaves tufted, crowded,

sessile, pinnati-partite, the younger hoary, the older glabrate, lobes in

few pairs, short, linear, subacute ; corymb subsimple or not much

branched, few-headed ; pedicels longer than the subglobose, many-fl.

fl.-heads; inv.-scales lanceolate, serrulate, loosely imbricated; recept.

conical ; achenes rib-striate, pappus of 8-10 toothlike scales.

Has. Betw. Maritzburg and Ladysmith, Natal, Gerr. § M’K.! 279. (Hb. D.)

Over 2 feet high, our specimen quite simple, leafy throughout and ending ina

corymb of 20-25 heads. It seems to be a year’s shoot, from a thick woody crown,

whose stems had been burned the previous year. Leaves about 3 inch long, the

lobes 2-4 lines long, and not a line in diameter. The scales of the pappus are

broadish.

Sect. 2. HoLopnHytium. (Sp. 9).

9. A. capitata (Linn. Sp. 1181); diffuse or ascending, more or less

villous; leaves loosely imbricating, oval, oblong, obovate or subrotund,

acute or obtuse, entire or sharply few-toothed, villous or glabrous,

nerveless, thickish ; heads 2-7 at the ends of the leafy branches, sub-

sessile or shortly pedicelled, many-fiowered ; invol. mostly very villous,

campanulate, the outer scales deaflike, as long as the inner and as the

disc, oblong or lance-oblong ; achenes sharply 5-angled and furrowed ;

pappus of a few, fragile, jointed, short hairs. Thunb./ Cap. 635. Holo-

phyllum capitatum, Less./ Syn. 262. DC.1.c. Also Hol. lanuginosum

and H. scabrum, DC. 1. c.

Var. §. glabrata; leaves subrotund, very obtuse, glabrous or nearly so. A.

punctata, Berg. Cap. 238. Thunb.! 1. c.

Has. Sea-shores near Capetown and Greenpoint, common. Eastern Districts,

H. Hutton! (Herb. Th., D,, Sd., Hk.)

A small, many-stemmed bush, 1-2 ft. high, not much branched. Leaves very

yariable in shape and in pubescence, sometimes very densely clothed on both sides

with long, soft hairs; occasionally sharply and deeply few-toothed, the apex often

192 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Athanasia.

recurved. Heads sometimes solitary, mostly several together, § lines long, 4 lines

diam. FI. bright yellow ; invol. leaflike, green.

Sect. 3. Ev-Araanasta, (Sp. 10-30),

10. A. hirsuta (Th.! Cap. 655); branches virgate, densely tomentose,

leaves crowded, erect, sessile, flat, dimorphous, the lower 3—5-forked or

inciso-pinnatifid beyond the middle, the upper entire, linear-acute, the

adult at length becoming glabrate on the under, but remaining densely

tomentose on the upper surface, callous-mucronate; corymbs very much

branched, dense, fastigiate; heads oblong, 12-15 fl.; invol. tomentose,

the scales obtuse ; pappus of squarrose, swollen hairs. DOC. l. ¢. go.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Dr. Thom! (Herb. Thunb., Hook).

Branches 1-13 ft. long, robust. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1~14 line wide, the young

ones densely woolly on both sides, the lowest simple for 2 or 3 of their length, thence

shortly 3-5-lobed or pinnatifid, upper quite simple, tapering to a sharp point. Infl.

very much branched, on woolly, multifid peduncles, round-topped. Heads 2 lines

long, 1 line wide, 100 or 200 in each corymb.

11. A. filiformis (Linn. f. Suppl. 361); much-branched, glabrous or

tomentose ; leaves linear-semiterete, thickish, acute, crowded, glabrous

or tomentose, some occasionally 3-forked; corymb compound, fastigiate,

densely many-headed ; heads oblong, 1o—1 5-fl. ; inv. scales obleng,

obtuse, appressed, shorter than the disc ; achenes sharply angled ;

pappus of many squarrose, swollen hairs. Thunb. / Cap. 634.

Var. a. glabra; whole plant glabrous or nearly so. A. filiformis, DC./ 1. c. 87.

Burch. Cat. 4962. a

Var. B. cinerea; more or less tomentose, old parts becoming glabrate. A. tomen-

tosa, DC.! l. ¢. excl. syn. Thunb.! A. cinerea, Linn. f.? Suppl. 361. Burch. Cat. 6829.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Var. a. and 8. Kochman’s Kloof, Mundi! E.G Z.! Betwn.

eee and Gauritz R., Drege! Pappe! Cypher Font., P. MacOwan. (Herb. Th.,

D., Sd., Hk.)

1-2 feet high ormore. Leaves 1-1} inch long, not aline wide, spreading. Corymbs

14-2 inches across, of 20-50 or more heads. Heads 2~3 lines long, 1 line diam.

Both varieties occur together, and differ merely by the varying amount of tomentum,

which is often very scanty on var. 8B. Thunberg’s ‘A. tomentosa’ is Morysia velutina,

DC.! Palew, occasionally very few and slender,

12, A. flexuosa (Thunb.! Cap. 634, non DC.) ; much-branched, gla-

brous, flexuous ; leaves linear-flattish, mucronulate or obtuse, scattered

or somewhat crowded; corymb slightly compound, fastigiate, loosely

many-headed ; heads ovoid, 25-35-fl.; inv. scales appressed, oblong,

obtuse, shorter than disc; achenes angled and furrowed; pappus of

many jointed, swollen hairs. A. afinis, Sond. in Hb.

Tlas. Cape, Thunberg! Olifant’s R. and Nieuweveld, Driefontein, Zeyher/ 843.

(Herb. Sd., Hk.)

With much of the habit of A. filiformis this has shorter, broader, and flatter leaves,

and larger flower-heads. ‘Leaves scarcely uncial, 1 line wide.

13. A. sertulifera (DC.! 1, c. 87); all parts tomentose ; leaves linear,

flat or concave beneath, entire, mucronulate, velvetty-tomentose ; corymb

simple, few-headed ; heads half as long as the pedicels, oval-oblong,

25-fl.; iny. densely tomentose, the scales linear, obtuse, the outermost

Athanasia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 193

Has. Kochman’s Kloof, Mundt/ Between Bergevalei and Langevalei, near

Zwartbastkraal, Drege’ (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Foliage nearly as in A. filiformis, 8; the older leaves partly glabrate ; fl. heads

larger and fewer.

14. A, rugulosa (E. Mey.!); much-branched ; branches and twigs

densely hairy; leaves scattered, sessile, oblong or oblong-linear, acute,

erect, thick, glabrous on the under, hairy on the upper surface, when

dry rugulose, quite entire; corymb simple, few-headed ; heads oval-

oblong on short, hairy pedicels, 20-2 5-fl.; inv. scales oblong, hairy, the

outer subacute; achenes angled and furrowed, pappus of many-jointed,

swollen hairs. DC./1.c.87. A. pubescens, Th. ! Cap. 635, non Linn.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Groenekloof, Drege/ Between Klipfontein and Predikstoel,

Zey.! 844. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Much-branched and ramulous, 1-2 feet high. Leaves 3-6 lines long, 1-3 lines

wide, varying from linear to oblong, slightly concave, the upper surface almost

always hairy. Corymbs 4-12-headed, in the latter case slightly compound.

15. A. microphylla (DC.1.c.87); twigs minutely tomentulose, other-

wise glabrous; leaves crowded, sub-imbricate, short, sessile, ovate or

oblong, entire or three-lobed, thick, subacute, glabrous; corymbs simple

or slightly compound, few-headed, fastigiate ; heads oblong, 12-15 fL,

inv. scales oblong, obtuse, glabrous ; achenes angled, pappus of many

swollen hairs. A. eriopoda, Herb. Drege (in pluribus herbarus).

Has. Honigvalei and Kaudeberg, and Ezelbank, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A rigid, erect, virgate shrub, 1-2 f. high. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1-14 wide, on

the same branch trifid and entire, sometimes all entire. Heads 6-15 in a corymb,

2-3 lines long. All the specimens we have seen from Drege are by him marked

‘* A. eriopoda,” but they agree (except as to the trifid leaves) with DC.’s description

of A. microphylla,

16. A. rotundifolia (DC. 1 c. 87. excl. sp. Eckl.); “leaves orbicular,

entire, glabrous as the branches; corymb 7-8 headed, on downy pedicels ;

heads about 15-fl.; inv. obovate; scales obtuse, sub-scarious, downy at

back, the innermost a little shorter than the disc.” DC. 7. ¢.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell, No. 6509.

Unknown to us. Jcklon’s specimens referred to by DC. do not agree with the

character given, and seem to belong to A. dimorpha.

17. A. dimorpha (DC.! 1. c. 87); twigs and pedicels tomentulose ;

leaves obovate or oblong, linear-oblong or cuneate, entire or shortly —

3-toothed. at the apex; glabrous, the younger (fide DC.) often tomen-

tulose ; corymbs simple or slightly branched, 10-20 or many headed ;

heads obovate, 20-30-fl.; inv. scales glabrous, obtuse, the outer ones

small, acute ; achenes wing-angled, pappus of swollen hairs.

Var. f. obovata; leaves obovate, mostly entire. A. rotundifolia, Hb. Eckl./

Van. y. minor; leaves shortly obovate or cuneate, 3-toothed or entire. A. rotundif.

var. minor, Pappe! ‘ :

Has. Vanstaadens Riy., Uit., Drege! 8. Krakakamma Forest, Uit., £. ¢ Z./

Knysna, Dr. Pappe! y. Swellendam, Dr. Pappe. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A small shrub, glabrous, except on the young parts. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 2-4

lines wide, variable in form and margin, crowded, spreading, more or less concave

above. Heads 3-4 lines long, the outer scales slightly scattered on the pedicel.

Tnyol. pale yellow.

You. Ul. 13

194 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Athanasia.

18, A. oligocephala (DC. in Hb. Eckl.); variably tomentulose, or

hairy, or glabrous ; leaves linear, thickish, subacute or obtuse, quite

entire or some 3-toothed or trifid; corymb simple, few-headed (or heads

solitary); heads on longish pedicels, with or without bracts, ovoid-glo-

bose, many-flowered; inv. scales appressed, oblong, obtuse glabrous or

villous, the inner ones scarious and lacerate at the apex ; pappus of

many swollen hairs. A. fleruosa, DC. 1.c. 87, excl. syn. Thunb. A, ebrac-

teata, EH. Mey! DC. p. 86.

Var. a, glabra; glabrous, or the young parts pilose. A. flexuosa, DC.

Var. 8. adenatha; twigs and invol. sub-persistently villous; cor. lobes with 1-2

reddish glands. (Hb. Eckl.)

Var. y. brachypoda (DC.); lvs. and twigs thinly tomentulose; pedicels short,

ebracteate.

Var. 5, araneosa (DC.); ‘‘Ivs. glabrous; twigs cobwebby, at length glabrous ;

pedicels twice as long as the heads, densely and shortly hairy.” DC.l.c¢.

Van. ec. hirsuta (2. M.); twigs densely clothed with long hairs; young leaves

somewhat hairy, adult glabrous; pedicels hairy, twice as long as the heads.

Has. Cape, Hb. Lambert (DC.) K1. Draakenstein, and the Giftberg, Xc., Drege!

— aay — Pappe! Zwartland, Wallich/ Predikstoel, Zey./ 845. (Herb.

A virgate shrub, 1-3 f. high, very variable in pubescence. Leaves }-1 inch long,

scarcely 1 line wide, rather closely set. Heads sometimes solitary, or 2—3-8-10 in

- alaxcorymb. This does not occur in Hb. Thunb., whose ‘ A. flexuosa’ is very dif-

ferent. I cannot keep A. ebracteata apart by any persistent character.

19. A. glabrescens (DC.! 1. c. 88) ; twigs and young leaves stellulato-

‘tomentulose, older glabrate ; leaves linear, mucronulate, quite entire;

corymb simple, fastigiate, 1o~20-headed, pedicels with 1-3 bracts,

elongate ; heads obovate, many-flowered ; inv.-scales oblong, obtuse,

powdery-stellulate, quite entire, outer subacute; stamens gland-tipped ;

pappus of swollen hairs.

Has. Olifant’s River, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.)

Similar in foliage to A. filiformis, but with a different inflorescence, and much

nearer A. oligocephala. Heads 40-50-fl. Leaves 14 inch long, scarcely a line wide,

curved or squarrose.

20. A. eriopoda (DC. 1. c. 89) ; slender, virgate, young twigs and

pedicels stellato-pubescent, leaves short, linear, subacute, entire or om

each side 1-2-lobed, convex beneath and (when dry) rugulose, the

younger ones stellate-pubescent above ; corymb simple, few-headed 5

pedicels naked or few-bracteolate ; heads many-fl., globose ; inv. pubes-

cent, the scales broadly ovate, acute, the inner scarious; pappus of many

swollen hairs. A. microphylla, Hb. Drege ! (in pluribus herbariis ).

Has. Ezelsbank, Zeederbergen, 3-4000 f., Drege! (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

1-14 ft. high, erect, with a few erect branches and twigs. Pubescence mostly

deciduous. Leaves 2-4 lines long, not a line wide, simple and 2-3-lobed on the

same twig. Heads solitary or 3-5 in a corymb, the outer scales broader and more

aente than in most. A much more slender plant than A. oligocephala, with different

in -scales,

21. A. pubescens (Linn. Sp, 1182); branches densely and softly

hairy ; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, sessile, mucronulate, entire (oF

tridentate), on both sides softly hairy, at length becoming sub-glabrous ;

Athanasia.| COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 195

corymbs simple, many-headed ; heads on hairy, bracteate pedicels, sub-

globose, many-fl.; inv. hairy, the outer scales lanceolate, acute, the

inner oblong-lanceolate, bearded at the membranous apex. DC./ l. c.

88. A. canescens, Thunb.! Cap. 634.

Has. Picketberg, Thunberg! Drege! Betw. Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay,

Drege! Bergvalley, #. Z./ Klipfontein, Zey.’ 846. (Herb, Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Densely and softly hairy, with longish hairs. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 2-3 lines

wide, the margins slightly revolute. Heads 3 lines diameter, hairy.

22. A. crenata (Linn. Sp. 1180); “branches virgate, hairy, sub-

striate ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrescent, entire ; corymb panicled,

branched ; heads globose, many-fl.; inv. glabrous, the outer scales

lanceolate, acute, middle oblong, obtuse, innermost produced into a

scarious, roundish, serrato-fimbriate appendage.” DC. l. c. 88.

Has. Cape.

Not in Herb. Thunb, Unknown to us. Possibly A. trifwreata, var. glabra?

23, A. scabra (Thunb.! Cap. 634); rigid, branched and ramulous ;

twigs short, pilose, closely leafy ; leaves loosely imbricating, short,

ovate-oblong, acute, thick and fleshy (shrinking and wrinkled when

dry), glabrous, nerveless ; heads solitary, terminal, sessile, many-flower-

ed ; invol. glabrous, ovate-oblong, the scales appressed, the outer short,

inner successively longer, oblong, obtuse, horny, the innermost with

membranous, lacerate tips ; paleze laverate ; achenes . . .?; pappus of

a few, fragile, jointed, short hairs.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Thunb.)

A much branched, small bush, with leaves not unlike those of A. rugulosa, E.

Mey., and sessile involucres. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1-14 line wide, rugulose when

dry (“‘ rugoso-scabrida,” Th.), but probably quite smooth when living. Heads 4 lines

long, 24—3 lines wide, invol. glossy.

24. A. pachycephala (DC. 1. c. 88); “branches glabrous ; twigs,

leaves, peduncles and involucres hairy or somewhat woolly; leaves

crowded, erect, oblong-linear, entire, or oblong, or cuneate-incised, the

lobes 3-5, obtuse ; uppermost leaves linear, acute, distant ; heads soli-

tary on the ends of the short, sub-corymbose twigs, globose, nearly 100-

flowered.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege.

Unknown to us. Strongly marked by its large fl. heads.

25. A. trifurcata (Linn. Sp. 1181); stellulato-tomentulose or gla-

brescent or quite glabrous ; leaves oblongo- or obovato-cuneate, much

narrowed at base, rarely entire, commonly 3—5-toothed or lobed (very

variable in degree of incision), the teeth or lobes mucronulate, mostly

stellulate on both sides; corymb simple or sub-simple, racemulose,

fastigiate ; heads on long, naked or 1-2 bracteolate pedicels, many-fl. ;

invol. globose, glabrous or nearly so, the outer scales acute, medial

obtuse, innermost mostly scarious and lacerate at margin; pappus of

many swollen hairs.

Var. a. Linnei; densely stellulate ; lvs. broadish, sharply 3-5-toothed or incised.

A. trifureata, DC./ 1. ¢. 89. Thunb.! Cap. 635 (ex pte.) A. scariosa, DC./ 1. c. 88,

Zey.! 2828.

: E.

196 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Athanasia.

Van. A. tricuspis (DC.) ; stellulate; leaf-lobes long, narrow, linear-acute. DC. l. ¢.

Var. y. virgata; thinly stellulate or glabrescent; leaves 3—5-fid, lobes obl.-linear,

acute. A. virgata, Jacq. Sch. t. 148. DC. 1. c.89. Th.! Cap. (ex pte. )

Var. 5. Thunbergii; glabrescent or minutely stellulate ; lvs. 3-4 lines long, ob-

ovate or broadly cuneate, entire or bluntly 3-crenate. A. trifurcata, Th.! Hb.(ex pte.)

Var. ¢. cuneiformis ; glabrescent ; leaves elongate-cuneate, eptire or sharply

3-5-toothed. A. cuneiformis, DC./ lL. ¢.

Var. ¢ glabra; quite glabrous; lvs. elongate-cuneate, acute, quite entire. A.

glabra, Th.! Cap. 634.

Has. On dry hills throughout the colony, common. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 f. high, robust. Exceedingly variable in pubescence and foliage, but more

constant in the scarious and lacerate involucres. Leaves commonly }-1 inch long,

in 8. 1-1} inch, in 8. very small.

26, A. Mundtii (Harv.); young twigs and leaves minutely stellulate,

older glabrous; leaves (very short), broadly cuneate, recurved or reflexed,

3-lobed or 3-toothed, the lobes oblong or deltoid ; corymb simple, few-

headed ; heads on bracteolate pedicels, many-fl. ; invol. obovate-turli-

nate, tapering at base, scales obtuse, the innermost scarious and lacerate

at margin ; pappus of many swollen hairs.

Has. Grassy hills near Swellendam, Mundt! (Herb. Hook.)

A diffusely branched, small shrub, with flexuous branches. Leaves 2 lines long,

14 line wide, strongly recurved or squarrose, crowded. Heads 4-6 in a corymb,

4-5 lines long, 2-3 lines wide. Distinguished from all forms of A. trifwrcata by the

=e of the involucres and the strongly recurved leaves, scarcely at all narrowed at

ase.

27. A. imbricata (Harv.); glabrous or nearly so ; branches virgate ;

leaves closely imbricating, erect, obovato-cuneate, entire, mucronulate,

the apices sub-recurved ; corymb simple, racemulose, many-headed ;

~ heads on long, bracteolate, stellulate pedicels, very many-flowered ;

invol. globose, glabrous, the outer scales sub-acute, medial oblong, ob-

tuse, serrulate, inner somewhat scarious-lacerate at the margin; pappus

of many, long swollen hairs. Herb. Eckl. 89, 9.

Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 6-8 lines long, 3-4 lines wide. Pedicels 1-2 inches long, with several

narrow linear bracts. Heads 15-20 or more, 4-5 lines diameter, among the largest

of the genus, except (perhaps) A. pachycephala.

28. A. quinquedentata (Thunb. ! Cap. 635); twigs and peduncles

stellulate ; leaves crowded, shortly obovate-orbicular, squarrose or re-

flexed, glabrous, entire or 3~5-toothed, the teeth short and broad ; co-

rymb simple or sub-simple, many-headed ; heads on long, bracteolate

or naked pedicels, many-fl.; invol. globose, glabrous, scales oblong,

obtuse, the innermost scarious and lacerate at the margin ; pappus of

many swollen hairs. DC. é. c. go.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Dr. Thom! Mundt/ E. § Z.! Rietkuil and Grootvaders-

bosch, Zey./ 2827. (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.

Nearly related to some forms of A. tridentata, especially to our var. 8., but with

much shorter and broader and more patent leaves. Zeyher’s specimens (2827) pre-

agree with Thunberg’s; the others are of stronger growth, with larger heads

and less scarious inv.-scales. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, nerveless, when

entire mucronulate, Pedicels 1-1} inch long; heads 3 lines diam.

Athanasia.] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 197

29. A. crithmifolia (Linn. Sp. 1181); adult leaves glabrous, 3-5-fid to

the middle (rarely shortly trifid or entire !), the lobes linear, elongate,

calloso-mucronate ; corymb compound (sometimes panicled), many-

headed, fastigiate ; the pedicels bracteolate; heads ovoid, many-fl.; inv.

scales glabrous, in many rows, narrow, acute or acuminate, rigid, entire ;

pappus of many swollen hairs. Thunb./ Cap. 636. Burm. Afr. t. 69, f. 1.

DC. lc. 89. Steb. Cap. 418.

Has. Common round Capetown and in the Western Districts. Berg R., Drege /

Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Pappe/ (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

A densely leafy shrub, 2-3 feet high, mostly glabrous, the young parts sometimes

clothed with woolly hairs, sometimes stellulate. Leaves 1-24 inches long, the lobes

4-1 inch or more long, not a line wide; rarely (in the Winterhoek specimens) vary-

ing from linear-lanceolate, entire, to narrow-cuneate, tridentate or shortly 3-lobed,

1-14 line wide. Corymb usually compound, of very many heads. Invol. scales

variable, sometimes very narrow and sharp, sometimes broader and blunter.

30. A. palmatifida (DC. 1. c. 89); all parts densely clothed with soft,

short, silky hairs; leaves densely imbricating, broadly linear to the

middle, then palmately cleft, the medial lobe linear, entire, the lateral

lobes deeply bifid, all callous-mucronate ; corymb (undeveloped) many-

headed ; heads many-fl., globose, hirsute, (fl. not seen).

Has. Gnadenthal, in clefts of mountain rocks, 2-3000 feet, Drege ! (Herb. Sd.)

A remarkable species, densely tomentose in all parts. ‘Leaves about uncial, the

undivided portion 4 inch long, 1-14 line wide ; the lobes about as long, and } line

wide; margins slightly recurved. ‘The inflorescence in the only specimen I have

seen is only about half-opened, the corymb being half hidden among the uppermost

leaves.

§ 4. Morysta. (Sp. 31-40.)

$1. A. tomentosa (Thunb.! Cap. 634.); virgate, all parts tomentose;

leaves crowded, linear, flat, midribbed, mucronulate ; corymb compound,

densely many-headed, fastigiate ; heads oblong, 10-12 fl.; invol. scales

obtuse, with deciduous toment.; pappus none; achenes (ripe) crowned

with a few minute teeth. Morysia velutina, DC.? Ll. c. 91.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Mundt! (Herb. Th., Hk.) |

Branches long, straight, simple, densely tomentulose and velvetty. Leaves 1-1}

inch long, 1 line wide, with an evident midrib, sub-obtuse. Heads 50-10 in a much-

. branched corymb. There is no pappus, bu. each rib of the achene is produced

upwards into a minute tooth.—I suppose this to be DC.’s “ Morysia velutina,” found

at Swellendam by Ecklon, but having seen no specimens so marked, I forbear to

quote Ecklon’s habitat. Possibly Ecklon received his specimen from Mundt, who

collected largely at Swellendam.

$2. A. fasciculata (Harv.); glabrous, flexuous; leaves crowded, linear,

semi-terete (when dry channelled above), obtuse or mucronulate; co-

rymb much branched, dense, very many-headed; heads 7-9-fl.; invol.

scales obtuse, oblong, in few rows; pappus none. Morysia fasciculata,

Less.! Syn. 262. DC.1.c.91. Pteronia fasciculata, Willd. fide Less. Tana-

cetum vestitum, Thunb.! Cap. 642.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Langekloof and Uitenhage, Ecklon! Swellendam! Mundt!

Thom! (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk.)

Very similar in aspect to A. indivisa, and also, though less so, to A. jiliformis,

but differing from both in wanting pappus. Leaves about 1 inch long, } line wide,

198 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [Athanasia.

fleshy. Heads very small, like those of A. parviflora. Inv. scales very obtuse, not

* acute,” asin DC.

33, A. linifolia (Harv. non Linn.); glabrous, virgate ; leaves scattered

or approximate, linear, thickish (when dry often channelled above), acute,

callous-mucronate ; corymb. much branched, dense many headed ; heads

15-20-flowered; inv. scales obtuse, oblong, in few rows; pappus none.

Morysia pauciflora and M. microcephala, DC. l. ¢. 91.

Har, Ezelbank ; and Pedroskloof to Leliefontein and Koussie, K1, Nam. ; also on

Camdeboberg and Zwartberg, 46000 ft., Drege! Kamiesberg and near Worcester,

E. § Z.! Camp-ground, near Rondebosch, W.H.H. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

1-2 f. high, with few rod-like branches, Leaves }-1 inch long, 4 line wide, erect

or spreading or squarrose, callous-pointed; less terete, more acute-pointed and less

crowded than in A, fasciculata, but otherwise very similar. Fl. heads according to

DC. “ 5-7-flowered” but I find them in both Drege’s and Eckl. specimens at least

15-fl. and often 20-fl, The heads are larger, and the fl. more numerous than in A.

fasciculata ; hence I am compelled to reject both of DC.’s specific names. The only

sp. I have seen of M. pawciflora has undeveloped fl,-heads,

34. A. juncea (DC.); “ glabrous; branches terete, virgate; leaves dis-

tant, sessile, broadly-linear, subacute, quite entire, not tapering at base ;

corymb compound, fastigiate, dense; pedicels bracteolate ; inv. scales

ae appressed, obtuse; heads oval-oblong, 20-2 5-f1.” Morysiajuncea,

-Loogh

Has. Betw. Breederiver and Gauritz R., Swell., Drege.—(Unknown to me).

35. A. longifolia (Lam. dict. t. 326); “ glabrous; leaves linear-lanceo-

late, erect, acuminate, broad-based, with a decurrent midrib; corymb

simple, few-headed ; heads globose, glabrous, 25—40-fl. ; pappus none.”

DC. Morysia longifolia, Less. Syn. 262. DC, l.c.g2. Ath. linifolia, Linn.

F. Suppl. 361, fide Less.

Has. Cape. (Unknown to us.)

36. A. dentata (Linn. Sp. 1181); glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong,

acute, half-clasping, squarrose or reflexed, more or less serrate, rarely

subentire, teeth sharp ; corymb compound, densely many headed ; heads

oblong, 15-20 fi.; inv. scales oblong, obtuse ; pappus none. Zhunb.!

Fl:636. Morysia dentata, DC.1.c.91. M. diversifolia, Cass. Less. Syn.

262. A. aspera, Th. ! Cap. 636.

Var. 8. subintegrifolia ; leaves sub-entire, acute or acuminate, or lanceolate.

VaR. y. lla; | i i i 1 Z

phyla, Sop. Wale Pep Be Worgearinaaser entire obtuse. Morysia pachy

Has, Dry rocky places throughout the colony, common. (Herb. Th., D., Hk. Sd.)

2 feet or more high, laxly branched, the branches long, simple, closely set with

short and broad reflexed leaves, Leaves 3~7 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, varying in

shape and degree of serration; sometimes quite entire. Heads several flowered.

unberg’s specimen marked “A. aspera” is not distinguishable even as a variety-

Schultz’s (Bip.) M. pachyphylla seems to be a var. with entire leaves. _

37. A. spathulata (Harv.) ; quite glabrous; leaves cuneato-spathulate,

tapering to the base, more or less sharply serrate or lobulate beyond

the middle; corymb compound, many headed; bracts small, subulate ;

Athanasia. | COMPOSIT. 199

heads 5-6 flowered ; tube of corolla very hairy ; inv. scales obtuse ;

pappus none. Morysia spathulata, DC. i.c. 91.

Has. Near Groenriver and Waterval, 2500-3000 f., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

About 1-14 f. high, with slender, virgate, leafy branches. ‘Leaves erecto-patent,

nearly 7 inch long, 4-5 lines wide at top, closely placed below, sub-distant toward

the ends of the branches. Invol. pale straw-colour. A well marked species.

38, A. pectinata (Linn. f. Suppl. 361); glabrous or nearly so; leayes

pinnati-partite, or deeply 3-5 lobed, lobes narrow-linear, channelled,

acute ; corymb compound, very dense, many headed ; bracts subulate ;

heads g-12-fl.; cor. glabrous; inv. scales obtuse; pappus none. Zhunbd.!

Cap. 636. Morysia lineariloba, DC.! l. c. 92.

Has. Cape, Thunberg!, Burch. 6507. Gauritz R., Drege! Swellendam, £. § Z.!

Pappe! (Herb. Th. D., Hk., Sd.)

Leaves on the same twig some pinnatisect, with 3-4 pinne on each side, some

trifurcate or 5-lobed, all from ¢ to 1 inch long, the lobes 4 line wide, corymb very

close, round-topped. Thunberg’s specimens quite agree with Drege’s.

39, A. acerosa (Harv.); twigs and peduncles pubescent or villous ;

leaves glabrate, crowded or tufted, some pinnati-partite, some 3-5 lobed,

some entire and acerose, lobes narrow-linear, with recurved margins,

acute ; corymbs compound, densely many headed ; bracts subulate ;

heads 7-9-fl.; cor. glabrous; inv. scales very narrow, gland-bearing ;

pales few; pappus none. Morysia acerosa, DC. 1. ¢. 92.

Has. Betw. Omcomas and Omsamculo, Drege/ Natal, Plant, No. 100. Between

Maritzburg and Ladysmith, Gerr. d M‘K. 266. T. Cooper, 1139. (Herb. D. Hk., Sd.)

Branches virgate, densely leafy to the summit, the leaves mostly with axillary

tufts. Leaves 3-1 inch long, like those of A. pectinata. Recept. with marginal

palez only. Inv. scales narrower than in any other species.

40. A. pinnata (Linn. f. Suppl. 361) ; all parts velvetty-tomentose,

canescent ; leaves crowded, pinnati-partite, the lobes linear, with sub-

revolute margins, callous-mucronate ; corymb much-branched, densely

many headed ; pedune. hairy ; heads 15-20-fl. ; cor. glabrous ; inv.

scales oblong, pubescent, sub-obtuse, outer acute. Zhunb./ Cap. 637.

Morysia pinnata, DC. 1.c. 92.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Langekloof, Drege! Zwarthoogte, Uit. Zey.! 839 and near

Grahamstown, EF. §Z.! Genl. Bolton! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 feet high, robust, densely clothed with grey-downy leaves. Leaves 1-14 inch

long, the lobes 4-4 line wide. Corymbs 2-3 inches across, very dense and compound.

Doubtful Species.

A. aspera (Linn.); “villous-scabrid ; leaves ovate, 5-toothed ; corymb

panicled, sub-globose.” DO. Morysia aspera, Less. Syn. 263. DC. 1. c.

Ath, levigata, L.

Has. Cape.

Probably a scabrid var. of A. dentata: it is said to vary with glabrous leaves.

- LXXV. ERIOCEPHALUS, Linn.

Heads 10-15-fl., heterogamous; the ray-jt. female, with a bifid style

and mostly ligulate, the ligule broadly-obovate, toothed, sometimes very

short and small; disc-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, male, with perfect stamens

200 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Eviocephalus.

and a simple, club-shaped, truncate style. Zecept. bearing pales. Inv.

double, the outer campanulate, of 4-5 ovate, free scales ; the inner of

cohering seales, very woolly externally. Achenes of the ray flattened,

wingless, without pappus. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 145.

Much-branched, rigid, mostly silky or silvery shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite,

or fascicled, small, mostly linear, simple or trifid, rarely glabrous. Heads pedicellate

or sessile, racemose, umbellate or solitary, subglobose, after flowering becoming very

woolly. Name from epioy, wool, and kepados, a head: woolly-head ; the colonial

name is Capok-bosch. The species have a great resemblance to each other, and

perhaps I have retained too many.

Sect. 1. PoanogynE (DC.). Corolla of the ray conspicuously ligulate, longer

than the style and involucre, obovate or cuneate, bluntly 3-toothed. (Sp. 1-12.)

* Heads pedicellate, sub-corymbose :

Leaves (or many of them) 3—5-lobed :

Silky or silvery-pubescent ;

Inner invol. septiferous within :

Leaves 6-12 lines long, silky ie Se 1) roan.

Leaves 3-5 lines long, silvery ... ... (2) septulifer.

Inner invol. not septiferous :

Silky-villous ; heads loosely corymbose (3) sericeus,

Silvery ; hds. sub-sessile, in close corymbs (4) capitellatus.

Glabr. Lvs. 3-fid, the lateral lobes bifid, mucronate (5) petrophiloides.

Leaves all quite entire ; (rarely minutely unidentate) :

Leaves glabrous, impress-dotted or smooth :

Outer iny.-scales with amembr. border ... (6) punctulatus.

Outer iny.-scales not bordered ... ...... (7) pteronioides.

Leaves glabrous, rough with raised tubercles .., (8) tuberculosus.

Leaves pubescent or sedi :

Hds. mostlyracemose; ray-fi.cuneate, elongate (9) scariosus.

Hds. umbellate; ray-fl. broadly obovate ... (10) umbellulatus.

** Heads solitary, sessile at the ends of the twigs :

Heads bearing pencils of long, straight, silky hairs ... (11) eximius,

Heads bearing curled, woolly hairs (as in most species) (12) spinescens.

Sect. 2. CryprocyNne (DC.). Corolla of the ray inconspicuous, nearly hidden

within the involucre, shorter than the style, tubular, subentire or obliquely truncate,

or imperfectly ligulate. (Sp. 13-17.)

Leaves silky-villous or conspicuously pubescent :

Not spinescent. Heads in leafy, unilateral racemes... (13) racemosus.

Subspinescent. Leaves short, 2-5 lines long.

Heads solitary, shortly pedicellate, terminal ... (14) aspalathoides.

Heads on slender pedicels, axillary or subumbell. (15) pubescens.

Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulous :

- Lys. 1-2 lineslong. Heads several-flowered, racemose

GP BYNCRNE sc as ote se, Was ses ee es © (16) plaher,

Lys, 2-3 lines long. Has. few-fl., racemose, very small (17) microcephalus.

§ 1. PuHmyocrne, DC. (Sp. 1-12.)

1. E. Africanus (Linn.! Sp. 1310) ; leaves opposite or tufted, silky-

pubescent, thickish, obtuse, linear or trifid, channelled ; heads umbel-

late at the ends of the branches, the inner involucre having three

projecting ridges (septa) within. Less./ Syn. 269. 4. septifer, Cass.

DC. t, ¢. 145. Dill. Hlth. t. 110, rms

Has. Cape, Thunbery! (Herb. Thunb. ;

_ OF this 2 wie only i enue Seihoce flowers, in Hb. Th. Leaves 6-12.

lines long, thinly silky, 4 line thick. és

Eriocephalus.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 201

2. E. septulifer (DC.! 1. c. 145); leaves alternate, tufted, silky-sil-

very, thickish, obtuse, shortly linear, or very rarely trifid, channelled ;

heads umbellate at the ends of short, lateral twigs, the pedicels longer

than the leaves ; “the inner invol. having very short projecting ridges

(septa) within.” DC.

Has. Cape Flats, Drege! W.H. H. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Leaves 3-5 lines long, } line thick, silvery. Wool of the invol. coarse and fulvous,

3. E. sericeus (Gaudich.) ; leaves often opposite, linear, entire or

trifid, silky-villous ; heads sub-corymhose at the ends of the branches,

inner invol. not septiferous within. DC.l,c. 145. EH. Africanus, Burm.

Has. Cape: not uncommon round Capetown, according to De Candolle.

Of this I know nothing, unless a specimen in Hb. Hook. without flowers and

probably from a garden, be referable to it,

4, E. capitellatus (DC.! 1. c. 146); leaves alternate, tufted, linear,

entire and trifid, silky-silvery, obtuse, sub-terete; heads at the ends of

short, lateral twigs, sub-sessile, small ; rays 1-3, short.

Has. Zwarteberg and Zwart Ruggens, Drege! Hexrivier, Burke/ Zey./ 860.

(Herb, Hk., D., Sd.)

A slender, much-branched bush ; twigs filiform, closely covered with leaf-tufts.

Leaves 2~4 lines long, 3 line thick, several in almost every tuft trifid. Heads 1 line

long, on pedicels 1-2 lines long or less. Wool pale fulvous.

5. E.? petrophiloides (DC.! 1. c. 146); stem and leaves quite gla-

brous; leaves alternate, trifid above the middle, the medial lobe linear,

entire, the lateral lobes mostly bifid, all callous-mucronate ; pedicels

axillary, solitary, filiform, longer than the leaves; outer inv. of 6-8

oblong, glabrous, basally connate scales, Hriocephalus, 446, Hb. Eckl.

Has. In S. Africa (no station given), Drege/ Eckl.! (Herb. Sond.)

A most remarkable species, unlike any other and possibly not of this genus ; but

the fl.-heads, in the only specimens I have seen, have their contents eaten by

insects, leaving merely the outer invol. and a dense tuft of discoloured wool. What

may be the origin of this wool, whether from an inner invol. or from the achenes,

remains undetermined. DC.’s specimens seem to have been equally imperfect,

Leaves 1 inch or more long, the lobes 4~5 lines long, 4 line wide, all tipped with a

white, hard point. Pedicels 1} inch long.

6. E. punctulatus (DC. 1. c. 146); leaves opposite and alternate,

scattered or crowded, linear-semiterete, acute or obtuse (occasionally

unidentate at each side), thickish, glabrous, more or less impress-dotted;

pedicels in terminal umbels and axillary, short or long ; outer invol.

seales glabrous, widely membrane-edged, inner not septiferous; rays

obovate, 3-toothed. :

Van. a, pedicellaris; pedicels uncial ; leaves scattered. LE. pedicellaris, DC. 1. c.

Var. 8, punctulatus ; pedicels semi-uncial; leaves crowded or scattered. £. punc-

tulatus, DO. lc. zs

Var. 7, tenuifolius; pedicels mostly shorter than the leaves ; leaves crowded.

E. tenuifolius, DC. 1. ¢.

Var. 5, filifolius (DC.); leaves linear-filiform, elongate, remote; pedicels 2-3

times longer than the heads. £. tenuifolius; 8, filifolius, DC. l.c.

Has. a, Little Namaqualand, Drege! 8, Slopes of the Kamiesberg, near Kaspars-

202 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Eriocephalus.

kloof and Geelbekskraal, Drege! Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! Basutu-land,

T. Cooper! 692; y, Witbergen and Sneeuwbergen, Drege / Stormberg, Wyley! 6,

Onder Bokkeveld, Drege. (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Our var. 8 seems exactly intermediate between a and y. The species is best

marked by its glabrous, dotted leaves and membrane-edged invol. ‘Leaves 3-4-6

lines long, + line wide. I have not seen var, 5. On Mr. Cooper’s specimens the

leaves are occasionally unidentate about the middle.

_ 4. E. pteronioides (DC. 1. c. 146); “leaves opposite and alternate,

linear-oblong, obtuse, thick, glabrous ; pedicels thrice as long asthe heads,

sub-umbellate at the ends of the branches; outer inv. scales dorsally

Cre os, not membrane-edged ; inner not septiferous ; ligules small.”

DC. 1. ¢. :

Has, Olifant’s R., Drege. (Unknown to me.)

8. E. tuberculosus (DC. 1. c. 146); twigs glandular; leaves opposite

and alternate, short, linear, subtrigonous, thickly sprinkled with pro-

minent, glandular tubercles, otherwise glabrous ; heads at the ends of

the branches spicate ; outer inv. scales 5, albo-membranous, with red-

dish margin ; rays 2—3-lobed.

Has. Modderfonteinsberg, Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

At once known by its curiously gland-tubercled leaves. I have not seen the fl.-

heads, and copy De Candolle’s description of them. Leaves 2-3 lines long, very

slender, closely placed. : :

9. E. scariosus (DC. 1. c. 147); leaves alternate, linear, incurved, sub-

acute, entire, thinly and closely pubescent ; pedicels 2-3 times as long

as the fi.-heads, the lower axillary, sub-racemose, the uppermost sub-

umbellate ; outer iny. scales glabrous or silky with a green middle and

broadly membranous, white margin ; inner not septiferous; rays cuneate,

elongate, 3-toothed.

esi eg Natvoet and the Gariep, Drege/ Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb.

‘Leaves about an inch long, scattered. Rays longer and proportionably narrower

than in other species. The pubescence is sometimes copious, sometimes scanty.

10. E. umbellulatus (DC. 1. c. 147); leaves opposite and alternate,

mostly tufted, linear, entire, silky-villous or silvery ; heads umbellate at

the ends of the branches and twigs, pedicels 14-3 times as long as the

fl.-heads ; outer iny. scales densely silky, membrane-edged ; inner not

septiferous; rays broadly obovate, 3-toothed. £. Africanus, Sieb. ! Cap.

No. 35. Krebs. No. 758. EH. racemosus, Gaertn. 2, t. 168. Lam. Dict. 717,

f.2, Th.! Cap. p. 724 (ex pte.) E. paniculatus seu wmbellulatus, Cass.

Var. 8. glabriusculus (DC.) ; leaves pubescent, the young ones silky ; pedicels

twice as long as head ; inv.-scales glabrescent. .

Var. y. argenteus (DC.) ; leaves silvery ; pedicels longish ; inv.-scales villous.

Has, Rocky, dry places and roadsides, throughout the colony, common; +. in

Namaqualand, Drege/ Wyley! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Often confounded in Herbaria with £. racemosus, which is much less common.

Many of Drege’s distributed specimens marked “ racemosus” belong to this; also one

of the specimens in Hb. Thunb.! It is readily known by its inflorescence and ray-

flowers from all states of racemosus. . ;

Eriocephalus.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 203

11, E. eximius eg ak l. c. 147); twigs spinescent ; leaves opposite

and alternate, closely imbricated on the twigs, entire, short, silky-silvery;

heads terminal, sessile, solitary ; outer iny.-scales broadly ovate, flat,

silky, with very long, straight, silky hairs from their axils, the inner

invol. glabrescent, 3-lobed, septiferous within, the septa linear, alter-

nating with the scales, free above ; rays broadly oblong, 3-toothed.

Has. Sneeuwbergen, 4-5000 f., Drege! Stormberg, A. Wyley!

Basutuland, 7. uae, Say vai: (Herb. D., Hk., Sd) odes eae

A rigid, robust, scrubby bush, with very silvery leaves, and long, silky and silvery

involucral wool. Leaves 2—3 lines long, mostly opposite, as I find them.

12. E. spinescens (Burch. Trav. 1.272); divaricately much-branched,

spinescent; leaves opposite and alternate, tufted and densely imbricated

on the twigs, entire, linear-trigonous, short, closely silky or silvery ;

heads at the ends of minute, lateral twigs solitary, sessile ; outer inv.

scales oblong, silky (inner not septiferous ?) ; rays small, 3-toothed.

Has. Near Karroo River, Burchell, No. 1419. Sneeuwberg, Drege! Sand River,

Burke! 279. Zey.! 858. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A rigid, robust, dwarf scrubby bush. Leaves less silvery than in £. eximius,

2-3 lines long. Heads smaller, wanting the long, silky wool, with shorter and

smaller rays, often disposed in a spurious spike towards the ends of the spinescent

branches. Flowering twigs 2-3 lines long.

§ 2. Cryprogyne, DC. (Sp. 13-17.) i

13, E. racemosus (Linn. Sp. 1311) ; leaves opposite and alternate,

often tufted, linear, entire, silky-villous; pedicels axillary; heads form-

ing leafy racemes toward the ends of the branches, often unilateral and

cernuous ; ray-fl. few, short, tubular. Zh./ Cap. p. 724 (ex pte.) DC.

l.c. 147. E. spicatus, Burm.

Van. 8. affinis; pedicels twice as long as the head; heads alittle larger. £. afinis,

DO...

Has. Cape, Thunberg, &c., Drege! (ex pte.) Langevalley, Zey./ 857. 8. on the

Cape Flats, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Less common than £. umbellulatus, which is often found mixed with it in Herbaria,

and was by Thunberg and older authors confounded with it. Twigs somewhat vir-

gate, often arching. Leaves 4-} inch long. Pedicels long or short, very variable.

I cannot separate £. afinis, DC. by any valid character.

14, E. aspalathoides (DC.! 1. c. 148); divaricately much-branched,

sub-spinescent ; leaves opposite and alternate, crowded or tufted, linear-

terete, short, entire, closely silky ; heads solitary at the ends of short,

lateral twigs, shortly pedicellate ; outer inv.-scales silky, with a narrow

membranous border; ray-fl. minute, obliquely truncate, shorter than

the style.

Has. Betw. Zwarteberg and Aasvogelberge, and near Mierenskasteel, Namaqua-

land, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.) :

Very similar in aspect to E. spinescens, but the flower-heads are pedicellate and

the rays minute, almost hidden. Leaves 2 lines long. Pedicels 2-3 lines. Drege’s

specimens so marked in some Herbaria (as in Hb. Sond. !) belong to E. pubescens,

which is a slenderer plant, with different inflorescence ; again, in Herb. D., one of

Drege’s specimens marked “ pubescens” belongs to aspalathoides.

15. E. pubescens (DC. 1. c. 148); divaricately much-branched, sub-

204 * COMPOSITE (Harv.) _ [Rhynea.

spinescent ; leaves alternate and opposite, crowded, linear-filiform, ob-

tuse, entire, closely pubescent or silky ; heads on slender pedicels, 2-3

times as long as the leaves, either axillary or sub-umbellate or solitary

at the ends of the twigs; outer inv.-scales silky with a narrow mem-

branous margin ; ray-fl. very minute. . aspalathoides, Drege! ex pte.

5 uL > oat Kl. Namaqualand, Drege / Gamke R., Zey.! 859. (Herb.

Very like ce last, but with longer leaves and different inflorescence. Leaves 3-5

lines long, slender. Pedicels nearly 3-1 inch long. In Hb. Sond. a specimen of

this species from Drege is marked aspalathoides. Zeyher’s plant (859) is more robust,

with solitary pedicels, nearly 1 inch long, densely silky.

16. E. glaber (Th.! Cap. 724); leaves opposite and alternate, very

short, linear, sub-trigonous, patent, obtuse, glabrous or puberulous, punc-

tate; heads at the ends of minute twigs solitary or few together, but form-

ing leafy racemes or spikes toward the ends of the branches, sub-sessile or

pedicellate ; outer inv.-scales (mostly purple) glabrescent, with a narrow

membranous border; ray-fl. very minute. Less. Syn. 269. Tarcho-

nanthus ericoides, Linn. f.

Var. a. glaber; adult leaves quite glabrous, or nearly so; pedicels short. Z.

glaber, DO.! 1, ¢. 148.

Var. 8. pubescens; leaves puberulous ; pedicels 1-2 together, scarcely }-uncial.

E. microphyllus, DC./ 1. ¢. :

Var. y. laricinus; leaves gland-dotted, glabrescent; pedicels scarcely longer than

leaf. £. laricinus, DC.!

Var. 6. sessilifiorus (Sond.); heads sub-sessile, in terminal spikes. JZ. sessiliflorus,

Sond. MS. Si

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Little Namaqualand, and near the Gariep, Burchell,

Drege! Wyley! Var. y. near the Fish River, Drege! Albany, Bowker! Var. 6.,

Cc. E. dé Z.! Zn. N. n. E. 23. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

ves very minute, commonly 1-2 lines long, with occasional subtending leaves

3-4 lines long, the young ones and twigs minutely puberulous ; the older either gla-

brate or retaining their downy surface, all more or less dotted. Pedicels 1-6 lines

long. I cannot keep the above varieties specifically apart. The aspect of all is the

same, and the pubescence most inconstant ; the length of pedicel partly depends on

the advanced or nascent state of flowering.

17, E. microcephalus (DC.! 1. c. 148); leaves opposite, tufted on

the sterile twigs, linear-filiform, slender, glabrous or puberulous; pedi-

cels solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, longer than the leaf, form-

ing a leafy raceme ; heads very small, 5—8-fi, ; outer inv.-scales oblong,

glabrescent (purple) with a narrow border ; ray-fl. minute.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege? (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

: More slender than &. glaber, with much smaller fl,-heads, but otherwise very

similar, and perhaps a mere starved variety. Leaves 2-3 lines long, on the fertile

twigs in sub-distant pairs. Heads 1 line long.

Sub-Tribe 4, GNaPHaLIE®. (Gen. 76-106.)

LXXVI. RHYNEA, DC.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous, discoid ; the disc-fl. (about 15) perfect,

5-toothed ; the marginal (about 5) filiform, female. Recept. bearing

linear, deciduous pales: between the flowers. Jnv. imbricate, the outer

scales downy, obtuse, the inner produced into an oblong, spreading,

Leontonyx.| COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 205

obtuse, white appendix. Anthers shortly tailed. Style-branches trun-

cate. Achene obovate-oblong, beakless, minutely downy. Pappus in

one row, bristle-shaped. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 154.

A tall, branching undershrub, with rod-like, canous branches. Leaves alternate,

decurrent, lanceolate, mucronate, green above, white beneath, one-nerved, with sub-

recurved margins. Heads in branching, subsessile corymbs, the branches bracteate.

Inv. oblong, 24 lines long, the inner scales opaque, snow-white, as are also the palez.

The aspect is that of a Helichrysum, from which genus this is readily known by the

pales of the receptacle. The name is in honour of W, v. Rhyne, a traveller in S.

Africa of the 17th century.

1. R. phylicefolia (DC. in Del. Ic. 4, t. 52); DC. Prodr. 1. ¢.

Has. Various localities near Natal, Drege! Plant, Gueinzius, Gerr. § M‘Ken, &e.

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high, much branched. Lwvs. 3-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide, coriaceous.

LXXVII. LEONTONYX, Cass.

Heads 20-30 fl., homo- or heterogamous, a few of the marginal fl.

female, the rest perfect. Recept, flat and naked. Jnv. imbricated, the

outer scales very woolly, the inner elongate, rigidly membranous, hooked

or straight. Achenes sessile, oblong, granulated. Pappus in a double

row, copious, of very slender, caducous bristles, equalling the flowers.

DC. Prodr. 6, p. 167.

Herbaceous or suffruticose, densely woolly, 8. African plants. Leaves alternate,

sessile, obovate or spathulate. Heads mostly crowded at the ends of the branches,

rarely solitary, closely subtended by a false involucre of leaves. This genus scarcely

differs from Helichrysum ; the character of the double pappus is not very definite or

easily seen ; but the habit is peculiar. The generic name is compounded of Aewy, a

lion, and ovvx, a claw; alluding to the hooked inyol.-scales. Lessing’s L. pusillus

will be found under Helichrysum (H. pachyrhizum ).

Inner inv.-scales acute or acuminate, hooked or straight :

Inv.-scales remarkably hook-pointed :

Stem robust, ascending ; lower lvs. larger and closer (1) squarrosus.

Stem slender, diffuse or prostrate, equally leafy throughout :

Inv.-scales rufous, rosy, or pale straw-colour... (2) glomeratus,

Inv.-scales yellow, with a bright red medial spot,

POlOn PARE: Boe ie i wi ee eee QB) OOO.

Inv.-scales straight or slightly recurved, not hooked.

Leaves obovate, flat’... °° 05 9 us es > ee (2) Blomeratus p.

Leaves linear-spathulate, snowy white ... ...... (4) angustifolius.

Inner inv.-scales obtuse or bidentate, lvs. obovate .. «+ (5) Spathulatus.

” 1. L. squarrosus (DC. 1.c. 167); densely white-woolly, many stem-

med, with rosulate radical leaves ; stems ascending, simple or branched,

densely leafy below, more laxly upwards ; leaves obovate-oblong, acute, or

obtuse, immersedly 3-nerved; heads crowded, many together in densely-

woolly tufts, subtended by several floral-leaves, heterogamous; inner

inv. scales taper-pointed, strongly reflexed, white, rosy, or deep purple.

Gnaph. squarrosum, Linn. Sp. 1197. Th.! Cap.656. Jacq. Fragm. t. 3.

Sf. 4. Leontonyx tomentosus, Cass.—Less. ! Syn. p. 325. Also L. tinctus,

DC.! 1. c. L. coloratus 8. contractus, Less. ! Syn. 327. Gnaph, tinctum,

Thunb.! Cap. 656.

Var. £. diseretus; heads separate, shortly pedicelled, in dense cymules (not tufts).

206 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Leontonye.

Has, Cape-Flats and hills in dry ground; and similar situations, throughout the

colony. Natal, Gueinzius/ Gerr, and M‘K./ 271. B, Natal, Gerr. and M‘K.! 272.

(Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Perennial. Radical leaves numerous, 1-2} inches long, 3-3 inch wide. Cauline

leaves smaller and narrower, sometimes densely, sometimes laxly set, membranous

(when stripped of wool), in the weaker varieties spathulate. Stems 6-12 inches high,

simple or corymbose. Heads glomerated in wool, a few fi. female. Inv. scales much

acuminate and recurved, very variable in colour. Thunberg’s G. tinctum is very

dwarf; DC.’s, at least Zckion’s quoted specimens, immature, but, as I think, other-

wise undistinguishable. Our var. 8. looks much more like a species, all the heads

being quite separate. But it grows with the ordinary form, and I have a nearly

intermediate specimen from Mr, Hutton.

2. L. glomeratus (DC.! 1. ¢. 168); closely or loosely woolly ; stems

prostrate or diffuse, slender, much branched from the base, the branches

decompound, laxly leafy throughout, white-woolly; leaves obovate or

spathulate, narrowed to the base, obtuse ; heads 3—6 together, sessile

on short lateral twigs, subtended by floral leaves, heterogamous ; inner

inv. scales lanceolate, taper-pointed, reflexed, rufous or rosy, Gn. glome-

ratum, Linn.— Th. ! Cap,656. Leont. coloratus, Cass.—L. col., var. gracilis,

Less. ! Syn. 326. Leont. angustifol. var. diffusus, ex pte. DC.

VaR. a, Verus; iny. scales narrow, much acuminate and strongly hooked, whitish

or rosy. ‘

Var. §. intermedius; inv. scales broad, acute or sub-acute, spreading, scarcely

recurved,

Var. y? stramineus; leaves very woolly; inv. scales acuminate, hooked, straw-

coloured. JZ. stramineus, DC.! l.c. 168.

- Has. Mts. round Capetown, and on the flats. Uitenhage, Zeyher/ Olifants R.,

and near the Gariep, Drege! Swellendam, &c., E.§ Z./ Zey./ 2882. var. y. Piquet-

berg, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems 6—12 inches long, the larger specimens prostrate, variably woolly. Leaves

3-4 inch long, 2-4 lines wide, sometimes closely, sometimes loosely woolly or shaggy,

white or whitish. Infl. mostly on short, lateral branchlets. Tips of the invol. varying

much in degree of acumination, in breadth and in colour; sometimes barely acute,

not acuminate. DC.’s L. stramineus, of which I have seen but imperfect speci-

mens, seems chiefly to differ by its yellowish inv. scales.

3. L. bicolor (DC.! 1. c. 168); white-woolly, dwarf; stems diffuse,

branching, tufted, leafy throughout; leaves obovato-spathulate, concave,

obtuse ; heads sub-solitary, sessile, subtended by floral leaves ; inner

inv. scales very long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, hooked, yellow, with

a bright rosy spot in the middle.

Has. Camiesberg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.) .

Known by its long, distinctly 2-coloured inv. scales, and mostly solitary fl.-heads.

4. L. angustifolius (DC.! l.c. 168); wholly covered with a snow-white,

close toment. ; stems diffuse, slender, much branched, leafy throughout ;

leaves linear-spathulate, obtuse, infolded, spreading, straight or recurved ;

heads sub-solitary or 2-3 together, sessile on short lateral twigs, sub-

tended by floral leaves ; inner inv. scales lanceolate, taper-pointed,

straight, rufous.

Bi a ; Capetown and at George, E.G Z./ Lange Valley, Drege! (Herb.

Except by its whiter and closer indument, narrower leayes and straight inv. scales

Helichryswn.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 207

this scarcely differs from L. glomeratus, DQ.’s var. 8. diffusus, by the distributed

specimens, belongs rather to L. glomeratus.

5. L. spathulatus (Less.! Syn. p. 327); closely or loosely white-

woolly (sometimessnow-white); stems prostrate, slender, much-branched

and decompound, leafy throughout ; leaves obovate or spathulate, nar-

rowed to the base, obtuse; heads 3-6 together, sessile on short, lateral

twigs, subtended by floral leaves ; inner iny.-scales linear or oblong,

straight, obtuse or minutely bidentate, rosy-tipped. Gnaph. spathulatum,

Th. ! Cap. 656.

Var. a. hirsutus; toment loosely woolly. JZ. spathulatus, DC.! 1. c. 168. L.

pusillus, Hb. Drege!

Var. f. candidissimus; toment very white and close-lying. L. candidissimus,

DC.! 0. e. 169.

Has. Table Mountain, &c. and on the Flats, common; also in Worcester, Stellen-

bosch and Uitenhage, Z. d Z.! Near the Gariep, Drege/ Zey.! 2880, ex pte.,

2879, &e. (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Only to be known from Z. glomeratus, with which it grows intermixed, and from

whose var. 8. it scarcely differs, by the obtuse (not acuminate) and very generally

bidentate inv.-scales. Var. 8. is snow-white in all parts, with closely interwoven

wool, but both these characters vary greatly. Some of Z. ¢ Z.’s distributed speci-

mens marked ‘‘ L. angustifolius” belong to this.

Doubtful species.

Eriosphera dubia (DC. 1. c. 167); “stems scarcely suffruticose at

base, numerous, erect, cobwebby-woolly ; leaves obovato-spathulate, on

both sides woolly-tomentose, nearly nerveless, obtuse, exapiculate ; heads

crowded, tufted-corymbose, subtended by a few floral leaves, about

20-fl. ; inv.-scales acuminate, submembranaceous.” DC.

Has. Wittberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., D.)

Of this I have only seen bad specimens, which I am unable to separate from

Leontonyx squarrosus. Possibly Drege may have in this instance (as in several

others he certainly has) distributed a wrong plant.

LXXVIII. HELICHRYSUM, Vaill.

Heads many or few-fl., discoid, either homogamous, all the fl. tubular,

perfect, 5-toothed ; or heterogamous, the marginal-flowers filiform, female,

very few or in a single row. nv. imbricating, dry and membranous.

Recept. without palex, either quite naked, honey-combed, toothed or

fimbrilliferous. Achenes beakless, sessile, very generally minutely gra-

nulated, (in H. ericoides, silky). Pappus in one row, of many or few,

slender, scabrous or serrulated bristles. DG. U. c. p. 169.

A vast genus of herbs or suffrutices, very various in aspect, abundant in 8. Africa

and Australia, rare in S. Europe, N. Africa and Central Asia; not found in America.

Stems and leaves mostly woolly. Iny. white, rosy, horn-coloured or yellow. Cor.

yellow, rarely purple. This genus only differs from Gnaphalium by the fewer filiform,

inal-flowers ; from Helipterum by the bristle-shaped pappus. The name is de-

rived from 7Auos, the sun, and xpueos, gold ; applicable to. such species as H. fulgidum.

Sub-genus I. EU-HELICHRYSUM. Receptacle naked (neither

fimbrilliferous nor toothed) or scarcely honey-combed. (Sp. 1-80.)

208 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

A. ARGYREIA. Inv. scales white or reddish, rarely tawny, horn-colour or

brownish (not yellow).* (§ 1-9.)

§ 1. Leprornia. Slender annuals. Heads small, either tufted at the ends of

the branches or rarely corymbose. Inv. scales either white, brown, horn-colour, or

pale straw-colour. (Sp. 1-8.)

Heads several together, sessile or subsessile in terminal tufts :

Inv. scales brown or horn-colour. Lvs. mucronate (1) leptorhizum.

Iny. scales straw-colour or purplish. Lys. obtuse :

Iny. scales acuminate, hook-pointed ...... (2) Leontonyx.

Iny. scales obtuse or enti be straight:

Leaves oblong or obovate :

Heads 25-30-flowered ... ... ... (3) alsinoides.

Heads about 10-flowered . ... (4) micropoides.

Leaves linear, woolly. Heads 5-8- 7 ee (5) filagineum.

Inv. scales snow-white, obtuse ... (7) herniarioides.

Heads pedicellate, racemose or axillary ; : Ivs. petioled;

inv. scales whitish (6) capillaceum.

Heads —— panicled lvs. spathulata 5 : inv. snow

white (8) expansum.

§ 2. Ericerorta. Small shrubs or suffrutices. Leaves linear or minute, and

seale-like. Heads small, terminal, sessile, solitary or in tufts or spikes. Inv. scales

egnncigce or — rarely rufous. p. 9-16.)

Heads numerous, in a terminal ike Lys. woolly (9) spiciforme.

Branches and leaves rn wea Ded ave se 2 (0). corastoides.

Branches and leaves glabrous... ... .. (11) paronychioides.

Br. and lvs. gland-scabrid, the young cobwebby (12) oxybelium.

Heads 3-6, in terminal tufts :

Loosely branched, erect or spreading (very

variable) ... .-» «+. (13) ericzfolium.

densely ramulous, level- topped --. (14) cespititium.

Leaves linear, quite flat; heads solitary, terminal ... (15) simulans,

Leaves minute, scale-like, ovate, appressed ; ach. silky (16) ericoides.

. Decttnata. Herbaceous or suffrutices, sometimes nearly stemless. Leaves

(not heath. like ) either spathulate, oval or obovate, or linear-oblong. Heads small,

corymbose, rarely solitary. Inv. scales white. (Sp. 17-21.)

Stems loosely branched, diffuse or ascending :

Herbaceous. Leaves linear- spathulate, acute ... (17) declinatum.

Suffruticose. Leaves oval or obovate; inv. scales

linear-oblong .. .. .» (18) serpyllifolium.

Dwarf, tufted ; branches short, closely leafy:

Heads corymbose, on laxly leafy flower-branches :

Leaves obovate or oval, short... ... ... ... (19) Sutherlandi.

Leaves lance-linear, elongate oat (20) Ernestianum.

Heads solitary, at the end of leafy short branches .. (21) sessile,

§ 4. Impricata. Much branched (mostly small), half-herbaceous or suffruticose

perennials. Leaves obovate or spathulate. Heads 10-60-f1., either solitary or 2-3-

together, ending short branches, pedicellate. Inv. imbricated in several rows, gla-

brous, its scales rarely acute, concave or squarrose, reddish-brown, tawny, or horn-

colour, the innermost sometimes white or creamy. (Sp. 22-28.)

_ * In two or three species of § 7 the invol. varies from pure white to pale lemon-

colour: in a few other cases to straw-colour.

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 209

All the inv. scales of one colour (rufous or horn-colour) :

Heads pedicellate, corymbose or panicled :

Depressed, fastigiate. Heads 10-12-fl.... ... (22) fastigiatum.

Diffuse. Heads 40-50-fl.... ... ... ... ... (23) cochleariforme.

Heads 2~3-together, subtended by ovate, leafy bracts (24) pulchellum.

Inner inv. scales white or creamy ; outer tawny, rufous, or rosy:

Iny. scales squarrose or spreading ; heads oblong :

Inv. scales acute; medial purple; inner bright

PTGS ke onc ene wae “eee On en ee

Inv. scales obtuse; medial tawny ; inner spoon-

like, creamy... © os. | 4.0) desc eee > ave soe A

Iny. scales erect or inflexed; heads globose :

Inv. scales concave, very obtuse; inner spoon-

Likes enow- wie. < ...4 sss cai ee ee (27) imbricatum,

Inv. scales ovate, acute, flattish ; inner white-

limbed SG et ee ee ee

§ 5. OBvaLLaTA. Root woody, long unbranched. Stems many from the crown,

half-herbaceous or suffruticose, depressed or decumbent. Leaves oblong or obovate,

narrowed to the base. Heads few or many-flowered, globose or oval, one or several

tn a tuft at the ends of the branches, sessile (except in No. 29), subtended by leaves.

Iny. snow-white or rosy. (Sp. 29-35.) *

Heads globose, 1-4-together, pedicellate, corymbulose ... (29) chionospherum.

Heads globose, solitary, sessile ; inv. guite glabrous, silver-

white” ss0 es Sue ee ee (0) er

Heads oblong, in terminal tufts, sessile ; inv. scales acute or acuminate.

Leaves linear, spathulate, or oblong, sessile :

Heads many-flowered, 1-3-together ; lvs. very

Woolly 6505s Scr Gj Sa ee Oe

Heads 20—25-flowered, several in a tuft :

Root thick and woody; stems much and

closely branched ... ... ... «.. «.. (32) pachyrhizum.

Root slender; stems slender, trailing or ;

prostrate... .. (33) leptolepis.

Lys. oval or oblong, petiolate, nerved, thinly ‘woolly (34) Gariepinum,

Heads in terminal tufts, sessile; inv. scales very obtuse (35) catipes.

§ 6. SpHamRocePHALA. Erect or diffuse suffrutices. Leaves sessile, ovate, oblong,

or (in No, 41), lance-linear. Heads few or many-fl., in dense, mostly pedunculate,

closely-branched cymes or tufts. Inyol. scales broadly ovate or obovate, obtuse

(rarely acute), erect, not radiating, opaque-white or rosy. (Sp. 36-41.)

Stems diffuse or procumbent, mostly branched :

Inv. scales acute; leaves oval or oblong, mucronate (36) diffusum.

Inv. scales obovate, very obtuse; lvs. obovate or spathulate.

Stem alternately branched ; lvs. spathulate-obl. (37) crassifolium.

Branched at the crown ; lvs. roundish-obovate (38) rotundifolium.

Stems erect or suberect (1-4 feet high) :

Leaves broadly ovate or obovate, 3-5-nerved : :

Inv. scales cream or pale straw-colour ... ... (39) grandiflorum.

Inv. scales snow-white bbe tee ics eee = (40) fruticans.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate ... (41) felinum.

§ 7. Panicunata. Erect or ascending suffrutices. Leaves sessile, acute or acu-

minate, rigid. Heads many-flowered, in simple or few-headed corymbs, mostly

pedicellate. Inv. scales spreading, often radiating, mostly acute (in No. 44 obtuse),

white or rosy, or pale lemon-colowr. (Sp. 42-47-)

Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, or subulate :

Branches and leaves greén, glabrous or villous (not

silvery) Sa ses seer eee see ee Ass ces” (G2) etriatum.

Branches and leaves silvery-white, silky :

Leaves linear-lanceolate; inv. scales acute ... (43) paniculatum,

VOL. Ill, 14

210 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

Leaves subulate ; iny. sc. obtuse (heads small) (44) mucronatum.

Leaves imbricated, ovate or ovato-lanceolate, broad-based (45) chlorochrysum.

Leaves recurved, obovate or spathulate, narrow-based :

Villous, dirty-whitish ; inv. scales lanceolate, dull... (46) sordescens.

Silvery-white ; invol, scales lustrous white or rosy,

lanceolate, the innermost short and obtuse ... (47) argenteum. -

§ 8. XERANTHEMOIDEA. Diffuse or procumbent shrubs or suffrutices. Leaves

sessile, mostly recurved, rigid, acute or acuminate, crowded. Heads many-flowered,

solitary at the ends of the branches, Invol. scales radiating, acute or acuminate,

white or purplish or rosy. (Sp. 48-52.)

Flowering branches ending in a nearly nude pedunele :

Leaves silvery; inv. scales very long, narrow, acu-

MURGO = ie a ees sts a.) (48) Naneifolium.

Leaves glabrous above, silky beneath ; invol. scales

ovato-lanceolate ... ...0 1s. «0. ose se ese (49) recurvatum.

Flowering branches closely leafy to the very summit :

Stem dwarf, umbellately much branched ... ... (50) ramulosum.

Stem diffuse or prostrate, or trailing :

Leaves linear, acute, 1-14 line wide, squarrose (51) stoloniferum.

Lvs. oblong or ovate, 2-4 lines wide, recurved (52) retortum,

§ 9. Etecantissm™a. Erect herbs, with crowded radical leaves, and simple or

corymbose, leafy stems. Leaves sessile, oblong, of thin substance. Heads very

many-fl., radiating, corymbose or solitary. Inv. scales acute or acuminate, lustrous

white or rosy. (Sp. 53-55.)

Heads solitary; lvs. nude, with woolly margins ... ... (53) marginatum,

Heads corymbose :

Lys. copiously woolly (especially the radical) ... (54) adenocarpum.

Lvs. thinly cobwebby, becoming nude above... ... (55) elegantissimum.

B. DASYLEPIDEA. Inv. seales dorsally densely pubescent or shaggy, not radi-

ating, and neither conspicuously white or yellow. (Shrubs and suffrutices. Heads

of small size, corymbose or glomerate.) (§ 10.—Sp. 56-61.)

Shrub. Leaves on long petioles, cordate-ovate or sub-

We a ae ine cee was ss

Suffrutices. Leaves sessile, oblong, obovate or roundish :

Heads sessile, several crowded together in tufts :

(56) populifolinm,

Diffuse or prostrate, slender... ... ... ... (57) marifolium.

Erect or suberect. Pedune. long. Heads 4-5-

Sogethet 5s wet Fite, ie i (OR) SO

Erect or suberect. Heads 20-30, in subsessile

tufts 4a .. (59) coriaceum,

Heads pedicellate, in closely-branched cymes. ‘Stem

VRC ce ooh sess iti eitey West sss an, - ase, (00) Wnbeliatum,

Suffrutex. Leaves sessile, linear, Heads corymbose ... (61) Lambertianum.

C. CHRYSOLEPIDEA. Iny. scales yellow (usually golden-yellow, but in § 11

varying to straw-colour; and in a few other cases horn-colour or colourless). (§ 11-12.)

§ 11. XERocHLaNA. Herbs or suffrutices. Heads corymbose or solitary, usually

many-flowered. Invol. glabrous and glossy, radiating, scales lanceolate, acute or

acuminate, straight, golden-yellow or straw-colour. (Sp. 62-69.)

Stem herbaceous. Cauline lvs. decurrent, scabrous. Hds.

MOS MNF. ii is PRS i ca es Oe eee

Stem herbacous, erect ; cauline leaves broad, clasping ; heads ies many-flowered :

Leaves glandular and setose on both sides, setoso-

ne i ee as es pc (63) setosum.

Lvs. scabrous above; more or less woolly and

whitish beneath... ... 0... 21. ces vee» (64) fostidum.

Helichrysum.] COMPOSITH (Harv.) 211

Lvs.scabrousand woolly above ; white-woolly beneath (65) decorum.

Lys. scab., erect, with woolly margins ; heads solitary (66) fulgidum.

Stem auffruticose, etect ; lvs, sessile, broad, very woolly ;

heads corymbose, few-flowered vs (67) lanatum.

Stem suffruticose, diffuse; lvs. obovate-spathulate, silvery;

heads corymbose ... ..- (68) argyrophyllum.

Stem suffruticose ; Ivs. linear, sete “with revolute. mar-

gins ; heads solitary sett Seg Ste Gent ee pee en Oe TT,

§ 12, Sra@cHapmna. Herbs, vafiectane or small, rigid shrubs. Leaves various.

Heads of small size, mostly few-flowered, cymoso-corymbose or densely aggregated.

Inv. not radiating, its scales imbricating, either all glabrous or the short, outer ones

oe srlewebbeds golden-yellow (in No. 75, 78, 79, horn-colour or pellucid). (Sp.

70-80.

Sub-radical leaves ie oblong- pecan ees

stem simple ... (70) acutatum.

Leaves neither petioled nor ‘penninerved :

Leaves linear, with revolute margins ... ....... (71) splendidum.

Leaves flat (margins not revolute) :

Annual, diffuse. Inv. bright yellow ... .... (72) rutilans.

Perennial, herbaceous or suffrut., with virgate branches :

Heads 20—50-fl., cymose or corymbose :

Lys. one-nerved :

Lys. spathulate, obtuse ; inv. se.

lemon-yellow .... ... ... .... (73) adscendens.

Lys. lance-lin., acuminate ;

sc, membr., elbow tipped. ... (74) psilolepis.

Lys. 3—5-nerved, lanceol. ; inv. scales

horn-colour... ... (75) hebelepis.

Heads 5—10-fl., congested with wool into flat- -topped disc-like cymes :

Lys. sessile ; cymes subglobose ... (76) subglomeratum.

Lys. tapering much at base ; cymes

dise-like, rayed beneath ee (77) umbraculigerum.

Small, rigid, much-branched shrubs, with obovate leaves :

Inv. scales erect, obtuse, horn-colour :

Heads pedicellate; inv. 13} linelong (78) pentzioides,

Heads sessile; inv. 3 lineslong ... (79) Iucilioides,

Inv. scales squarrose, acute, golden-yellow (80) excisum.

Sub-genus II. LEPICLINE. Recept. fimbrilliferous, or at least cov-

ered with tooth-like prominences between the flowers. (Sp. 81-137.)

§ 13. PuantacInEa. Stems herbaceous or scarcely suffruticose, mostly simple,

erect. Leaves 3-5- or many- nerved, either all radical, or the lowest much

than the rest. Heads small or of middle size, densely corymbose or glomerate.

Inv. scales not radiating, mostly yellow or yellowish, rarely brown, horn-colour, or

red and white. (Sp. 81-96.)

Stem leafy at base or to the middle; pedunculoid at top:

Inv. scales membranous, brown, purple or horn-colour :

Leaves pilose-scabrid above :

Rad. lvs. sessile; infil. globose; inv. scales

obtuse (81) latifoliam.

Rad. lvys. petioled; infl, diffuse ; inv. 6c.

acuminate Se ove” See, OR) Oa.

2 Leaves quite smooth ‘above... eee (83) pedunculare.

v. scales opaque, white, urple, or eream ; leaves

woolly beneath ..... : fl - - (84) undatum.

Inv. scales yellow or yellowish, or straw-colour :

Leaves quite smooth (not scabrous) on the upper surface :

Leaves on both sides el dat inv. scales

acute, Wavy ... .. : .. oe (85) coriaceum.

14*

212 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [| Helichrysum.

Lys. quite glabrous above, woolly or nude below; inv. sc. obtuse :

Cymes very dense; inv. scales flat,

pale yellow or reddish ... ... ... (86) allioides.

Cymes loose ; inv. sc. golden-yellow (87) leiopodium,

Leaves scabrous on the upper surface; nearly nude:

Cauline leaves lanceolate or lance-linear

(rarely obovate) ... ... (88) nudifolium.

Cauline leaves broadly ovate, _Sanerved,

strongly decurrent a ... (89) quinquenerve.

Stem bearing leaves to the summit, or very n near it :

Cauline leaves with revolute margins, rather rigid :

Cauline leaves quite smooth above ; inv. scales :

acute, golden... ... vss vee vee (90) miconiefolium.

Cauline leaves scabrous above :

Cauline leaves lance.-linear, acute; rad.

petioled ; inv. scales straw-colour ... (g1) Krebsianum,

Cauline leaves subulate, hook-pointed ; inv.

sc. tawny-horn-colour ... ... ... (92) subulifolium.

Cauline leaves lance.-linear, 3-nerved; “outer

inv.-sc. purple, inner white-tipped ... (93) oxyphyllum.

Cauline leaves flat or undulate (not revolute-edged) :

Heads golden : upper cauline leaves not membrane-tipped :

Root lvs. woolly on both sides ; oF

globular. ... (94) cephaloideum.

Root lvs. glabrousabove, verylong cymes

becoming loose... ... (95) longifolium.

Heads pale-yellow or purplish ; upper caul. lys.

tipped with a membranous pa Ree (96) appendiculatum.

§ 14. DEcuRRENTIA. Stems herbaceous or fruticose, simple or branched, leafy

throughout, or pedunculoid upwards. Leaves strongly decurrent, at least the upper

ones. Heads in No. 97, rather large and corymbose ; in the “other species small

and cymose. Inv. scales yellow, rufous, or whitish. Receptacle honey-combed or

fimbrilliferous. (Sp. 97-104.)

Heads very many-fl., corymbose; inv. sc. golden, rigid (97) Xerochrysum,

Heads few fl. AS gel ayy 20-2 5-fl.), cymose, subsessile

*. Invol. scales creamy white :

Leaves glabrous above; inflorescence panicled (98) Mundtii.

Leaves white-woollyon, both sides ; infl. cymose (99) Natalitium.

Inv. scales rufous ; lvs. scabrid,” decurrent in a

broad wing ... ... (100) platypterum,

Outer inv. scales fulvous, i inner r yellow ; : ‘stem Ss:

Leaves nude above, with revolute mar,

Lys. glabrous, quite smooth above _... (101) Gerrardi.

Lys. tomentose beneath, scabrous above (102) stenopterum.

Lys. flat, on both sides woolly :

Heads 5~6-fl.; peduncles long ... ... (103) gymnocomum.

Heads To-12-fl.; pedune. short orlong (104) odoratissimum.

§ 15. Aprera. Suffrutices or small shrubs. Leaves mostly sessile, or half-

clasping, rarely petiolate, bat not decurrent, or very minutely so, Heads small or

mediocre, cymose. Inv, scales imbricated, not radiating, either yellow, rufous, or

pure white. (Sp. 105-127.)

* Inv. scales yellow, at least the inner ones :

Leaves fiat or flattish (not strongly revolute-edged) :

Shrub, much branched and —— leayes

3-5-lined above... .» .« (105) trilineatum.

Suffrutices, with virgate branches :

Leaves obviously 3-nerved, half-clasping :

Inv. scales erect ; lvs. becoming nude above:

Robust ; leaves rigid, oblong or

linear, mucronate... ... ... (107) cymosum.

Helichrysum.] COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 213

Slender ; Ivs. "snk lanceolate-

acuminate vee vee oes = (106) tenuiculum,

Inv. scales equarrose 5 ys. woolly on

both sides... ves see eee (108) simillimum,

Inv. scales glabrous and glossy :

Lys. on both sides nearly ero woolly :

Heads 10-12-fl. in glo

few-headed tufts ... ... (109) melanacme.

Heads 5-flowered, in much

branched cymes :

All the flowers perfect;

pubescence thin ... (110) parviflorum.,

2 or 3 fl. perfect ; 2 fe-

male ; pub. woolly... (111) callicomum.

Heads 40-45-f1., in globose,

few-headed tufts . (112) aureonitens,

Lys. thinly cobwebbed, becoming

nude above :

Lys. linear, smooth above .. (113) subdecurrens.

Lys. broadly oblong, undu-

late, scabrous above .., (114) intricatum.

Inv. scales dorsally silky... (115) maritimum.

Stem simple ; lvs. cordate-clasping, very woolly,

(116) pannosum.

large

Lvs. linear or oblong, with strongly revolute margins:

Iny. scales dorsally silky... .. (117) plebeium,

Inv. scales glabrous ; heads many-flowered .. (118) anomalum.

Iny. scales glabrous; heads 5-flowered : :

Leaves hooked ; flowers all perfect ... (119) hamulosum. ~

Leaves straight; 4 fl. perfect, tfemale ... (120) Kraussii.

** Tnyv. scales rufous or horn-colour, or brown :

Inv.sc. loosely imbricated, squarrose, inner spreading :

Shrub ; leaves linear-filiform, glabr&te above... (121) teretifolium.

Half- shrubs ; lys. 3-nerved, cobwebby or woolly a.

Heads many-f.; fimbrils short ... ... (122) rugulosum.

Heads 12-15-fl.; fimbrilslong ... ... (123) capitellatum.

Inv. scales erect (not reflexed or spreading) :

Leaves smooth (not scabrous) above, glabrate or woolly :

_ Leaves sessile :

Inv. scales glossy, rufous, sub-opaque,

rigid. (Shrub). . (124) erosum.

Invol. scales membranous- pellucid.

(Slender half-shrub.) ... .. (125) Dregeanum.

Leaves minutely petiolate, lanee-oblong,

3-nerved =e (126) tricostatum.

Leaves scabrous or gland-h ‘hispid above |

Lys. copiously woolly ; iny. scales rufous,

glossy .. (127) revolutum.

Lys. undulate, ‘glandular, nearly “nude ; ; :

iny. scales pellucid, pale . .- (128) scabrum.

*** Inv. scales opaque-white or creamy (rarely primrose-col.) :

Heads subglobose, 12- or many-fl.; inv. loosely imbricate :

Lys. petiolate, ovate, woolly ass eee eee (129) petiolatum.

Lys. on eared-petioles, gece er i above,

white beneath... wus eae eee =©(130) hypoleucum.

Lvs. eared at base, panduriform :

Heads in deceely much-branched = ;

inv. scales obtuse... ... ..- (131) erispum.

Heads in loose = many: Al; inv. scales

acute .. ore _ (132) auriculatum,

214 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Helichrysum

Heads cylindrical, 5-fl.; inv. closely imbricate ... (133) Zeyheri.

§ 17. CHIonosTeMMA. Very woolly suffrutices. Leaves sessile, oblong or linear.

Heads large, many-fl., solitary or aggregated. Inv. scales lustrous, white or whitish,

lanceolate, acuminate, radiating. Recept. covered with lanceolate-acyminate, scale-

like fimbrils, longer than the ovary. (Sp. 134-135.)

Tall; lvs. oblong or linear; inv. lustrous-white; corollas

purple above ... -s... seg A tee, te. (194) Veetifom.

Dwarf; lower lvs. tapering at base ; inv. whitish; corollas

yellow... ...° .. cepar ete eer. C198) Eeklonis.

§ 18. Epmonprs. Slender, glabrate suffrutices. Leaves subulate or filiform,

glossy. Heads solitary, terminal. Inv. scales lustrous, either white, rosy, purple-

brown or yellow, lanceolate, acuminate, radiating. Recept. covered with long or

short fimbrils. (Sp. 136-137.)

_ Lys. keeled. Inv. campanulate. Fimbrils longer than

the ovaries

apo tie ve ee ts eee (196) sesamoides.

Lvs. round-backed. Iny. turbinate. Fimbrils very short

137) humile.

Sub-genus 1. EU-HELICHRYSUM. (Sp. 1-80.)

A. ARGYREIA, (§ 1-9.)

§ 1. Leprorsiza. (Sp. 1-8.)

1. H. leptorhizum (DC. 1. c. 169) ; root annual, slender, simple ;

stems many from the crown, diffuse, simple, slender, woolly like the

leaves ; leaves obovate-oblong, mucronate, tapering at base; heads 3-5,

in the upper axils and terminal, sub-sessile, about 16-f1., ovate ; outer

inv.-scales loosely woolly, the rest glabrous, searious, brown and horn-

colour, oblong, obtuse, straight.

Has. Kaus Mt., Little Namaqualand, 3-4000 f., Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

A minute annual. Stems 1-2 inches long, laxly leafy. Leaves 4-5 lines long,

2 lines wide. Heads 2 lines long. Female-fi. about 8.

2. H. Leontonyx (DC. 1. c. 169); root annual, slender, simple; stems

many from the crown, diffuse, simple, slender, woolly like the leaves ;

leaves obovate, very obtuse, tapering at base, nerveless, the cauline remote,

the radical and those under the fl.-heads crowded ; heads 3-6, at the

ends of the branches, subtended by shorter floral leaves, 14-16-41.,

heterogamous ; outer iny.-scales short and woolly, the rest elongate,

glabrous, scarious, rigidly acuminate, purplish and straw-colour, hook-

pointed. Hel. 641, Drege! in Hb.

Has. Kaus Mt., Little N: ualand, 000 £., e/ Also between Dweka

and Zwartbulletje, Drege! (Herb, Hk,, 3a)* ite

A minute annual, resembling H. leptorhizum, but differing in the very obtuse

leaves and acuminated, hook-pointed iny.-scales. The invol. is quite that of a

Leontonyx, but the pappus is uniseriate, with slightly clavate bristles. Fem.-fl. 5-6.

3. H. alsinoides (DC. 1. c. 169); root annual, slender, simple; stems

many from the crown, diffuse, forked, cobwebby on the younger parts ;

leaves sub-distant, oblong or spathulate, obtuse, tapering at base, faintly

nerved, slightly decurrent; heads crowded-subracemose at the ends of

the branches, sessile, about 25-30-fl. ; inv.-scales biseriate, the outer

7-8, short, broadly oblong, somewhat cobwebby at back, the inner

10-15, linear, glabrous, straw-colour, hyaline and obtuse at the tip.

Has. S. Africa, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Helichrysum.] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 215

Stems (fide DC.) 3-4 inches long: I have seen but a branch. Leaves 4-6 lines

long, 1-2 wide. Old involucres stellately patent ; the inner scales twice as long,

and half as broad as the outer.

4. H. micropoides (DC. 1. c. 170); root annual, slender, simple ; stems

many from the crown, sparingly branched, glabrate below, cobwebby

above ; leaves scattered, obovate-oblong or spathulate, obtuse, tapering

at base, thinly woolly, the uppermost close under the crowded, sessile,

to-fl. heads; inv. scales pale straw-colour, biseriate, linear, the outer

woolly, the inner glabrate, subacute.

Has. Nieuweveld, betw. Zakrivier’spoort and Sionfnt., 3-4000f., Drege! (Hb. Sd.)

Only known to me by an imperfect specimen in Hb. Sd.

5. H. filagineum (DC.! l.c. 170); root annual, simple; stem branched

from the base; branches erecto-patent, angularly bent, cobwebby; leaves

linear, obtuse, scarcely narrowed at base, on both sides woolly, whitish ;

heads 2-4, in sessile tufts, opposite the leaves or ending the branches,

subtended by floral leaves, about 5-8 flowered; inv. scales biseriate,

pale straw-colour, the outer short, acuminate, inner linear, obtuse, thinly

cobwebbed at back. ao

Has. Cape, Drege! Springbokkeel, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond., D.)

A slender, divaricately branched, rigid annual, 2-4 inches high. Leaves nearly

4 inch long, about 1 line wide. Lateral tufts of heads quite sessile. Inner inv.

scales twice as long as the outer.—A distinctly marked little species.

6. H. capillaceum (Less.! Syn.275); root annual, slender ; stem slen-

der, diffusely much branched or sub-erect, thinly cobwebby or glabrous ;

leaves scattered, obovate or ovate, petioled, mucronate, thinly membra-

nous, cobwebby or woolly, at length more or less glabrous above; heads

pedicellate, racemose or corymbulose, or axillary, about 20-25 fl., hetero-

gamous, inv. biseriate, cylindrical, the outer scales short, inner linear,

whitish, obtuse, glabrous, at length widely spreading. DC./ lc. 170.

Gnaph. capiliaceum, Th.! Cap. 660.

- Has. Mountains, & < Z Natal,

5 ot set 2 ey Se common. Mohlamba range, Natal

Very variable in size; stems 2-12 inches long, the larger forms alternately much

branched, weak and often interwoven, Leaves distinctly petiolate, at first white on

both sides, then green and naked above, 3-10 lines long, 2-8 lines wide. Heads

small, almost always pedicellate; the inv. scales a dull, whitish-horn colour.

7. H. herniarioides (DC. 1. c. 170); root annual, slender, simple ;

stem very short, branched from the base ; branches many, diffuse, simple,

cobwebby; leaves oblong or obovate, obtuse, tapering much at base,

cobwebby, afterwards somewhat naked ; heads crowded in terminal

glomerules, subtended by a few leaves, 25-40 fl. ; inv.-scales loosely

imbricate, the outermost woolly, with narrow, short points, the rest

ovate-oblong, broad, radiating, snow-white, obtuse.

Has. Betw. Roggeveld and the Gariep, Burchell, Cat. 1582. Zilverfontein,

Drege ! Springbokkeel, Zeyher! (Herb. Hk , D., Sd.)

Central stem erect, about an inch high, ending in a cluster of fl-heads ; branches

from near its base, 2-4 inches long, nearly prostrate, each ending in a similar cluster.

Inyv.-scales conspicuously white, except the outer ones which are thinner and some-

what straw-coloured or occasionally tawny.

216 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

8. H. expansum (Less.! Syn. 276); root annual, simple ; stem her-

baceous, diffusely branched, woolly; leaves oblong, spathulate or nearly

linear, sessile, narrowed at base, nigro-mucronate, on both sides woolly ;

heads homogamous, 12—20-fl., corymboso-paniculate or crowded at the

ends of short branches, pedicellate or subsessile ; inv. imbricate, the

outer scales short, blunt, thinly cobwebby, pale horn-colour, the inner

snow-white, opaque, broadly-oblong, very obtuse, glabrous, DC. J. ¢.

170. Gnaph. paniculatum, Berg. Cap. p. 256, non Th. Gnaph. notatum,

Th.! Cap. 653. Gn. expansum, Th.! Cap. 651. Gn. achilleoides, Sieb.

Fl. Cap. 201. Heb. Zey.! 2893.

Has. Mountain sides, throughout the Colony. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

The largest and strongest of the annual species. Stems 8-18 inches long, some-

times erect and subsimple, sometimes breaking at base into very many diffuse branches.

Leaves very variable in comparative length and breadth, the lowest largest. Lower

leaves often 13-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide ; upper }—1 inch long, broad or narrow.

Inner iny.-scales remarkably white.

§ 2. Eritcmronia. (Sp. 9-16.)

9. H, spiciforme (DC. 1. c. 171); “stem suffruticose, erect, branched

at top; branches bearing lateral, subsessile fl.-heads arranged as in a

spike ; leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, densely

woolly ; outer inv.-scales leaf-like, inner lengthened into a scarious,

lanceolate, acuminate limb.” DC. 7. ¢.

Has, Beyond the Gariep, Burchell, Cat. 2247.

“ A suffrutex, 1-14 f. high, Leaves 4 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads about 30

in the spike.”

10. H. cerastioides (DC. 1. c. 171); “stem suffruticose, branches

tomentose, bearing at the summit a solitary, sessile capitulum sur-

rounded by leaves ; leaves sessile, lanceolate-linear, with sub-revolute

margins, densely woolly; outer inv.-scales leaf-like, inner lengthened

into a scarious, lanceolate, acuminate limb.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, near Litaku, Burchell, Cat. No. 2225.

“ Leaves nearly as in Cerast. tomentosum, but shorter and alternate. Scales of

the invol. sometimes sub-rufescent.” DC.

11. H. paronychioides (DC. 1. c. 171); “stem shrubby, procumbent,

much-branched, twigs leafy to the very summit; leaves sessile, linear,

with sub-revolute margins, sub-acute, glabrous (as are the branches) ;

heads solitary, terminal on the branches and twigs, 12-fl.; inv.-scales

nearly all scarious, lengthened into a lanceolate, subacuminate limb.”

DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Regions beyond the Gariep, Burchell, Cat. No. 2234.

“* Remarkable for its glabrous foliage, but with fl.-heads very similar to the pre-

ceding. Leaves 2 lines long.” DC.

12. H. oxybelium (DC. 1. c. 171); shrubby, rigid, divaricately much-

branched ; branches glandularly scabrid, becoming glabrous, twigs sub-

spinescent; leaves linear or lance-linear, sessile, acute, one-nerved, with

sub-reyolute margins,” glandularly-scaberulous, the very young ones

thinly cobwebby, the uppermost subtending the fl.-heads; fi-heads

terminal, solitary, 15-20fl. ; outer inv.-scales short, leaf-like, inner ob-

long, acuminate, whitish or purplish.

Helichrysum.]} COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 217

Has. Kamiesberg, £. § Z.! Konstapel, in the Carroo, Drege! (Hb. Sd., Hk., D.)

An intricately-branched, slender shrublet, a foot high, the twigs horizontally

spre . . Branches and twigs dark-brown, covered with short-stalked glands,

which rub off, leaving them bare. Lys. 4-6 lines long, not 1 line wide, mostly naked.

18. H. ericefolium (Less. Syn. 314); stem suffruticose or shrubby,

loosely or divaricately much branched, naked or woolly; leaves linear,

sessile, spreading, crowded or scattered, obtuse, with revolute margins,

woolly or glabrous; heads sessile, aggregated, 3~6 together at the ends

of the twigs (rarely solitary), surrounded by leaves, 8-12 fl. ; inv. scales

in few rows, oblong, subacute, obtuse or denticulate, pale-horn colour,

pure white or reddish. DC..c.172. Gnaph. ericoides, Linn.—Th.! Cap.

647, and Stoebe aspera, Th. Cap. 728.

Var. a. vulgare; shrubby, much branched; adult leaves glabrous; inv. scales

horn-colour, subacute or toothed. WH. ericefol., DC. l.c.—Zey./ 2903, a. and 8.

Var. 8. albidulum (DC.); leaves and branches white-woolly; inv. scales often

purple. DC.1.c. Zey.! 2903 B. and 2904.

VaR. ¥. metalasioides ; shrubby, adult leaves glabrous, crowded ; inv. scales snow-

white, subacute. HH. metalasioides, DC.l.c.171. Zey.! 2905. H.callunoides? Sch. B.

Van. 5. laxum; half-shrubby, straggling, loosely and divaricately branched; leaves

sub-distant, woolly or glabrate ; heads 2-3 together or solitary ; inv. scales horn-colour,

subacute. H.laxum, E. Mey. DOC.l.c.p. 171.

Var. ¢. lineare; habit and foliage of var. a, but the inv. scales more obtuse. H.

Uneare, DC. 1. c. p. 172, excl. var. B. H. comosum, Sch. B. in Hb. Krauss! No. 421.

Has. Mountain places throughout the colony and in Caffraria, common. Port

Natal, Krauss! 421. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Certainly a very variable plant in ramification and indument, yet I find it difficult

to draw clear lines between the above forms. Of H. metalasioides, DC. I have only

seen Ecklon’s specimens, which seem to differ chiefly in the brighter white of their

inv. leaves. 2. laxum, E.M.! seems to be merely a weak growing plant, and H/.

lineare (excl. var. B.), only differs from H. ericefoliwm (verum) by its blunter invol.

scales, surely a very inconstant character. H. callunoides, Sch. B. (Comp. Kraus.

p. 15) by description, seems referable to one or other of our vars. ; perhaps to var. +.

14, H. cespititium (Sond.) ; dwarf, shrubby, prostrate, excessively

branched and ramulous; twigs very short, erect, densely leafy ; leaves

linear, spreading, obtuse, with revolute margins, glabrous (the younger

cobwebby); heads 3-6 together (or solitary) at the ends of the twigs,

sessile, surrounded by leaves, homogamous, 12-15-fl.; inv. scales loosely

imbricated, squarrose, snow-white or rosy, broadly oblong, obtuse or

subacute. HH. lineare 8. coespititium, DC. 1. ¢. 172.

Has. Tambukiland, Drege! Ecklon! Aapjes R., Burke! Queenstown District, on

iron-stone hillocks, in the flats, Mrs. F. W. Barber, No. 314. Natal, W. T. Gerrard!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Except by its very peculiar, prostrate habit and crowded, minute leafy twigs, this

scarcely differs from H. ericefolium, of which it may possibly be merely an extreme

variety. Specimens from different habitats have all the same characters.

15. H. simulans (Hary. and Sond.) ; shrubby or suffruticose, divari-

cately much branched ; twigs canous; leaves sessile, linear, flat, obtuse,

on both sides silvery with close-lying, short indument; heads sessile,

solitary at the end of short twigs, subtended by leaves, 12-15-fl.; inv.

scales imbricated in few rows, the outer ones short, obtuse, inner acute

or acuminate, all rufous-horn colour, scarious, semi-pellucid.

218 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.) !

Very similar in aspect to H. ericefolium vars. lazum and allidulum, but differing

in its flat (not revolute-edged), slightly adnate leaves and solitary fl.-heads. The

single specimen which I have seen was separated from H. ericefol. by Dr. Sonder.

16. H. ericoides (Pers. ench. 2, p. 415); shrubby, depressed, much-

branched and ramulous; leaves very minute, imbricating, appressed,

coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, glabrous without, concave and tomentose

within; heads solitary at the ends of the branches, 10-12-fl.; inv.-

scales at the base fulvous, otherwise white, glabrous, lanceolate, acumi-

nate, spreading; achenes densely silky. DC. 7. c. 172. Less. Syn. 324.

Argyrocoma ericoides, Lam. Ill. t. 693, f. 2. Stoebe nivea, Th. Cap. -29.

Has. Near Verkeerde Valley, Thunberg/ Among rocks on the summit of the

Sneeuwekop, Dr. Wallich/ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root thick and woody. Stems many from the crown, ligneous, spreading or

prostrate, very much and closely branched, and twiggy, every twig closely imbri-

cated to the summit. Leaves precisely as in Elytropappus Rhinocerotis, 4 line long.

Heads 3 lines long. A very distinctly marked, neat little plant: its silky achenes

very unusual in Helichrysum.

§ 3. Decrinata, (Sp. 17-21.)

17. H. declinatum (Less.! Syn. 278); perennial, herbaceous; stems

many, diffuse or ascending, branched toward the extremities, woolly ;

leaves sessile, linear or linear-spathulate, acute, crowded, sub-erect,

nerved, on both sides albo-tomentose ; heads corymbulose at the ends

of the branches, shortly pedicelled or sub-sessile ; invol. glabrous,

radiating, the outer scales and bases of the inner testaceous, tips of the

inner scales oblong, sub-acute or denticulate, snow-white. DC. 1. ¢. p.

172. Gnaph. declinatum, Linn. f. Gn. pygmeum, Th! Cap. p. 652.

Has. East and West Districts. Drakeensteenberg and Albany, Drege! Caledon,

Swellendam, and Uitenhage, Z. ¢ Z.! Pappe! Mundt! (Herb, Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Resembling H. expansum,; but the root is perennial, the crown somewhat woody,

and the inyol.-scales narrower, longer, and inclining to acute. Stems 3-10 inches

long, mostly prostrate. Leaves } inch long or more, 1-2 lines wide. In Drege’s

specimens the heads are less obviously corymbose than usual, and the outer inv.-

scales paler and less glabrous.

18. H. serpyllifolium (Less.! Syn. 277); suffruticose, loosely much-

branched, the branches flexuous, spreading, tomentose; leaves oval or

obovate, sessile, narrowed at base, nerved, flat or wavy, albo-tomentose

beneath, green and either glabrous or cobwebby above ; heads densely

corymbose or fascicled at the ends of the branches, cylindrical, homo-

gamous, about 12-fl. ; outer inv.-scales woolly, inner narrow oblong,

glabrous, spreading, milk-white, obtuse, DC. 1. c. 172. Gnaph. orbi-

culare, Th. Cap. 659, and G. polifolium, Th.! Cap. 656.

Has. Cape Flats, and throughout the Colony, to Natal. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems 2-3 f. long, branching chiefly near the extremity: branches simple or again

divided. Leaves 2-5 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, varying from nearly circular to

obovate-oblong, snow-white beneath, more or less green above. Corymbs 1 inch

across, many-headed.

19. H. Sutherlandi (Harv.); dwarf, tufted, the barren twigs short,

densely leafy, rosulate at the extremity, fl.-branches sparingly leafy,

Helichrysum. ] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 219

erect, simple, short ; branches and leaves white-woolly ; leaves obovate

or oval, narrowed to the base, flat, obtuse, (not obviously) 3-nerved ;

heads in a loosely branched, terminal, corymbose-cyme, subpedicellate,

20-25-fl.; inv. campanulate, radiating, outer scales woolly, inner elon-

gate, linear, spreading, milk-white, obtuse or subacute ; recept. nude,

areolate.

Has. Rovelo Hills, Natal, 7o0o f., Dr. Sutherland/ Basutu Land, 7. ‘ooper

709. (Herb. Hook. D.) s icorcesateed

Stems woody, robust, but very short, multifid, throwing up many 1-2 inches lon.

erect branchlets, which form a leafy tuft or cushion, Flowertny Tennchiad 2-3 tithes

long, rising from the tuft. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines wide. The habit is

quite peculiar, or most like that of H. Ernestianum (which greatly differs in

foliage) ; the fl. heads are not unlike those of H. serpyllifolium, but rather larger,

Mr. Cooper's specimens, probably from a lower elevation, are much more luxuriant

than Dr. Sutherland's, with fl. branches 8-10 inches long, and leaves }~3 inch long,

3-4 lines wide, with the 3 nerves sometimes a little obvious through the dense wool.

Except in luxuriance they do not differ.

20. H. Ernestianum (DC. I. c. 173); dwarf, tufted; stems sparingly

leafy, simple, scarcely twice as long as the radical leaves; leaves lan-

ceolate-linear, thick, subobtuse, clothed with very close-lying tomentum,

nerveless, erect, the radical longer and broader, cauline few, acute ;

heads in a terminal, crowded corymb, pedicellate; “outer iny.-scales

woolly, inner linear-oblong, white, subobtuse,”

Has. Camdebo-berg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Rad. leaves 1-1} in. long, 2—3 lines wide, narrowed to the base, obtuse or subacute.

Stem 2-3 inches high, scape-like, with a few small, closely pressed leaves, and a

terminal corymb. Flowers not seen by me. Is not this related to H. chionospherum?

21. H. sessile(DC.1.¢.173); shrubby, dwarf,robust, branching, densely

tufted; branches crowded, clothed with old, persistent, withered leaves,

the apices stellately leafy ; leaves broadly linear, thick, subacute, clothed

with close-lying tomentum ; heads sessile at the ends of the leafy

branches, solitary ; inv.-scales scarious, white, ovato-lanceolate.

Has. Sneeuweberg, Drege! Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

A very dwarf, but stout, intricately-branched bush ; old branches denuded; the

younger flexuous, imbricated with refiexed, withered leaves, Leaves at and near

the apices crowded, or rosulate, 37-1 inch long, 1-14 line wide. Fl. not seen by me.

§$ 4. Iwpricata, (Sp. 22-28.)

22. H. fastigiatum (Harv.); stem sufiruticose at base, depressed,

paniculately much branched, fastigiate, and with the leaves white-woolly;

leaves half-clasping, shortly obovate-oblong or narrow-oblong, subacute,

nigro-mucronate ; heads 2-4 at the ends of the branchlets, corymbulose,

pedicellate, 10-12-fl.; invol. cylindrical, not radiating, imbricate, inv.-

scales oblong, very obtuse, horn-colour or rufescent, squarrose, scarious,

subpellucid, with bullated tips, the innermost similar.

Has. Near Riy. Zonder Ende and Buffeljagd River, Zey./ No. 2859. Zwarteberg,

Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Excessively branched, subdichotomous, forming depressed, roundish tufts, 3-4

inches high and 6-8 in diameter, with circumscribed, floriferous apices. Leaves 3-5

lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Heads 1} line long, the scales either brownish horn-

colour or some of them rosy. Allied to H. cochleariforme, but with very much

smaller fi. heads and a different habit.

220 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

23. H. cochleariforme (DC.! 1. c. 185); herbaceous, branched from

the base, diffuse, the branches paniculate near the summit, and with

the leaves albo-tomentose ; leaves half-clasping, linear-oblong or sub-

_spathulate, nigro-mucronate; heads loosely panicled, pedicellate, 40—50-

fl.; inv. campanulate, quite glabrous, loosely imbricate, its scales oblong,

obtuse , concave-bullated (spoon-like) at the apex, concolourous, all

rufous horn-colour, subpellucid.

Has. Cape, Burchell, Cat. 6491. Kamiesberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Root branching, somewhat woody, perennial? (suffruticose, DC.) Stems 6-8

inches high. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1-2 1. wide. Heads terminating the spreading

ramuli of the panicled branches, 24 lines long. Recept. areolate.

24, H. pulchellum (FE. Mey.!) ; “stem at the base only fruticose and

much branched, branches subsimple, cobwebbed, and white; leaves

half-clasping, oblong, obtuse, loosely woolly, whitish ; heads 2-3 together

at the ends of the branchlets, subtended by a few ovate, leafy bracts ;

inv.-scales scarious, glabrous, reddish brown, ovate, very obtuse, erect,

concave but not squarrose.” DC. l. c. p. 190.

Has. Betw. Hexrivier and Bokkeveld, on table-land and stony hills, 3-4000 f.,

Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Only known to me by a small specimen, with immature fl. heads, in Hb. Sond.

25. H. rubellum (Less. Syn. 280); stem sufiruticose at base, pani-

culately much-branched, and as well as the leaves white-woolly ; leaves

half-clasping, obovate-oblong or spathulate, sub-acute ; heads 2-3-co-

rymbulose at the ends of the branchlets, shortly pedicellate or sub-

sessile, 25-30-f1., heterogamous ; invol. shortly radiating, campanulate,

loosely imbricate, the scales squarrose, acute, the outer shorter, rufous

or horn-colour, glabrous or cobwebbed at margin, the medial flesh-

coloured or purplish, acute or acuminate, the innermost paler, with an

ovate or lanceolate, spreading limb.

Var. a. Thunbergii; inner inv.-scales with an ovate-acute spreading limb. H,

rubellum, Less! DC. tl. ¢. p. 191. :

Var. 8. incarnatum ; inner iny.-scales ovato-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute or

acuminate. H. incarnatwm, DC.! 1. ¢c. 191.

Has. Hexrivier Mountains, Thunberg. 8. Breederiver, Drege! Blauwberg, Zey.!

892. Cape District, Miller! W. H. H.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

With the aspect of H. cylindricum, but differing in involucre, &c, The inner inv.

scales vary much, in different specimens, in their comparative length and breadth,

and except in extreme forms the two varieties above named are scarcely different.

26. H. cylindricum (Less. Syn. 281); stem suffruticose at base, panicu-

lately much-branched, woolly ; leaves half-clasping, oblong, sub-spathu-

late or linear, obtuse or sub-acute, white-woolly ; heads 2-3 together

at the ends of the branchlets, shortly pedicellate or sub-sessile, 15-29-

flowered ; invol. cylindrical-turbinate, imbricate, the outer scales short,

obtuse, rufous or horn-colour, cobwebbed at margin, squarrose, the inner

longer with an ovate, sub-acute, opaque mostly cream-colour limb ;

recept. punctate. DC.l.c.190. Also H. imbricatum, DC. 1. ¢. 191, exel.

Syn. Less. Gn. cylindricum, Linn. Sp. 1194. Gn. paniculatum, Th.! Fl.

Cap. 647, non Berg. Burm, Afr. t. 80, f. 3?

bom

Helichrysum. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 221

Has. Western Districts. Worcester, Cl. William, and Swellendam, Eck.! Zey.!

891. Waterfall, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe/ (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk., D.)

Very variable in foliage and in the amount of pubescence. Smaller specimens

are herbaceous, 6-8 inches high, larger distinctly ligneous 1-14 foot high. Leayes

1-14 inch long, 2-5 lines wide. Inner inv. scales at first erect, then spreading,

always paler in colour than the outer, mostly creamy-white, more rarely pale horn-

colour. All the specimens I have seen of H. imbricatum DC. (vars. B, y, and 9)

belong to this species ; his sp. char. partly applies to this, and partly to the true H.

imbricatum, Less.

27. H. imbricatum (Less. Syn. 279, non DC.); stem suffruticose at

base, paniculately much-branched, as well as the leaves white-woolly ;

leaves half-clasping, oblongo-obovate or spathulate, sub-acute ; heads

solitary or 2-3 together at the ends of the branchlets, pedicellate,

50—60-f1., heterogamous ; invol. shortly radiating, globose, imbricate,

the outer scales rufous or horn-colour, cobwebbed at margin, glossy,

concave-bullated, rounded and very obtuse, the innermost with a spoon-

shaped, spreading, snow-white, obtuse limb. Guz. imbricatum, Linn.

Sp. 1195, fide Less. Also G. discolorum? Linn. Burm. Afr. t. 80, f. 2.

Has. Rietvalley, Mundt § Maire. Cape Flats, Dr. Pappe/ Kuilsriver, Zey.! 870.

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root and base of stems distinctly ligneous. Stems about a foot high, paniculately

branched from the base, the branches spreading. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2-3 lines

wide above, tapering towards the broad and clasping base. Heads on longish, laxly

leafy pedicels, 3 lines long and nearly as wide. Female-fl. 15-20; herm. fl. 35-40.

28. H. stellatum (Less.! Syn. 279); suffruticose, erect, branched from , *

the base, woolly ; leaves half-clasping, narrowed above the base, oblong- ‘

linear, acute, on both sides loosely woolly; heads roundish-ovate homoga-

mous, many-fl., corymbose; invol. scales imbricated in many rows, gla- =) (9

brous, glossy, appressed, ovate, acute, rosy or fulvous at base, white-

tipped, the innermost clawed, with an oval limb. DGC. 1. c. 174, Gnaph.

stellatum, Linn. Sp. 1198. Gn. discolorum and G. helianthemifolium, Th. !

Cap, 650. Gn. pyramidale, Berg., Gn. fragrans, Sieb. No. 250. Zey. / 2858

and 869.

Var. 8. globiferum; involucres globose, the scales loosely imbricated, concave,

obtuse or the innermost only subacute; leaves densely woolly, obovato-spathulat

Has. Western. Districts, frequent. 8. Brederivier, Port Beaufort, Mundt.! (Herb.

add. 5 SEK, Od:

oe at sts corymbosely branched plant, woody at base, about 1 foot high.

Leaves 1 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, equally distributed, callous-pointed. Heads 3 lines

diameter, the inner scales white, the outer either rosy or fulvous, pedicellate.

§ 5. Opvatiata. (Sp. 29-35.)

29. H. chionospherum (DC.! 1.c. 174) ; suffruticose, depressed, tufted,

much branched ; branches short, ascending, woolly-canescent ; leaves

sessile, linear-oblong or spathulate, obtuse or subacute, on both sides

woolly-canescent, 3—5-nerved, the nerves parallel, raised on the under-

side; heads terminal, 1-4, pedicellate, corymbulose, globose, very many

flowered ; inv. scales loosely imbricated, glabrous and glossy, snow-white,

broadly oblong, obtuse or subacute.

Has. Stormberg, and Witberg, Drege! Caffraria, Ecklon! Wolf Kop, Burke!

Zwartkey and Klipplaat Riv., Zey./873. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

222 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

Root woody. Primary stems robust, woody, prostrate, throwing up herbaceous,

short, laxly leafy fl. branches. Leaves 3-1 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, the nerves at

first hidden by the thick wool. Heads occasionally solitary, mostly 3—4 in a corymb,

4-5 lines diam., the inv. satiny-white.

30. H. argyrospherum (DC. 1.c. 174); suffruticose, slender, branched

from the base, diffuse or decumbent, branches cobwebby ; leaves sessile,

linear-oblong or spathulate, narrowed at base, submucronate, one-nerved,

cobwebby-villous; heads globose, many-fl., solitary at the ends of the

branches and branchlets, sessile, surrounded by leaves ; inv. quiteglabrous,

imbricated in many rows, the scales silvery-white, ovate-oblong, subacute

or obtuse, erect or spreading, scarcely longer than the flowers.

Has. Beyond the Gariep and near Litaku, Burchell, 1645 and 2285. Near the

Gariep, Drege! Natal country, Miss Owen! Aapjes River, Burke and Zey./—Zey.!

872. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root woody, many stemmed ; stems or primary branches 6—10 inches long, simple

or branched. Leaves 7-1 in. long, 2-3 lines wide. Heads 4 lines diameter, very

many flowered, much larger than in H. gariepinum. A specimen from Drege, in Hb.

T.C.D., marked “ H. gariepinum, a.” belongs to this species; but specimens similarly

marked, in Hb. Hook and Sd., are true H. gariepinuwm.

31. H. obvallatum (DC. 1. c. 174); suffruticose, depressed, much

branched and ramulous, tufted ; branches and leaves densely and softly

woolly-canescent ; leaves linear-oblong or oblong, tapering at base, ob-

tuse or subacute, crowded, scarcely nerved, the uppermost surrounding

(like an involucre) the 1-3 sessile, terminal, many-flowered heads; inv.-

scales glabrous and glossy, white or rosy-tipped, oblongo-lanceolate,

acute, erect. i

Has. Sneeuweberg and Klipplaat river, Drege / Cradock, Burke ¢ Zey.! 871.

Albany District, Mrs. F. W. Barber / (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root woody. Stems rather strong, 3-5 inches long, spreading or prostrate, with

erect, very short, leafy fl. branches. Leaves 5—7 lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Toment.

_copious and white. Heads 3~4 lines diameter.

32. H. pachyrhizum (Harv.) ; root-stock thick and woody, deeply

descending ; stems many from the crown, spreading or prostrate,

shrubby, branching and ramulous, tomentose ; twigs erect, leafy to the

summit; leaves sessile, spathulate or lance.-linear, narrowed to the base,

acute or obtuse, white-woolly ; heads one, or several-capitate at the ends

of the branches, surrounded by several woolly leaves, 20-25-f1.; inv.-

scales pluri-seriate, oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, white or whitish,

glabrous, glossy, scarious, straight or recurved,

Var. 8. Thunbergii; heads mostly solitary ; branches erect ; lvs. acute or acumi-

nate. Gn. pusillum, Th.! Cap. 651. Leontonyx pusillus, Less. Syn. 327, DO. l. c. 168.

Has. Aapjes R., Zey.! 895 and Burke. B. Cape, Thunberg/ Springbokkeel, Zey.!

897. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stock $ inch diam., several incheslong. Stems subhorizontally spreading, throwing

up many tufted branches 1-2 inches long. Leaves }-$ inch long, very woolly.

Heads solitary or several in a tuft. I venture to remove this plant from Leontonyz,

and also to reject the very inapplicable name “ pusillus.” It is nearly related to H.

leptolepis, but differs in habit.

33. H. leptolepis (DC.? 1. c. 170); stem suffruticose (at first herba-

ceous), branched from the base, the branches decumbent, simple or much

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 223

divided, loosely woolly, becoming glabrate ; leaves sessile, oblong or

lance.-oblong, obtuse or acute, loosely woolly ; heads several, densely

aggregated (or capitate) at the ends of the branches, sessile, surrounded

by several woolly leaves, 20-2 5-fl., homogamous ; inv. scales pluriseriate,

lanceolate-acuminate, squarrose and spreading, glabrous and glossy,

scarious, silvery-white.

ne Ste Bay, Forbes! Capt. Speke! Near Port Natal, Mr. Hewitson! (Hb.

ook., D.

When it first begins to flower (the state described by De Candolle?) this has a

slender, simple root, herbaceous, simple branches, 3-4 inches long, each ending in

a globose cluster of fl. heads ; afterwards the branches become distinctly woody,

12-15 inches long, simple to beyond their middle, then alternately much branched,

divergent, each branchlet ending in a cluster of heads. Leaves 7-1 inch long (the

lower ones 13 inch), 2-4 lines wide, variably woolly. Heads 12 or more in a tuft,

distinctly radiating. If this be not the same as De Candolle’s plant (a native of

Madagascar) it is at least very closely related to it. Capt. Speke found it to be

“common” at Delagoa Bay. The habit is that of H. Gariepinum, but the heads are

fewer-flowered, and the leaves quite sessile. Mr. Hewitson’s specimens are very

woolly, with broad, subacuminate leaves.

34. H. gariepinum (DC. 1. c. 174); half-herbaceous, branched from

the base, diffuse or decumbent, flexuous, slender, cobwebby ; leaves

oval or oblong, tapering much at base, subpetiolate, obtuse or acute,

thinnish, nerved, loosely woolly, the older becoming nude ; heads ovato-

globose, many-fl., two or more at the ends of the branches, subsessile,

surrounded by leaves ; outer inv. scales few, woolly, narrow, inner im-

bricated in many rows, glabrous and glossy, oblong or lanceolate, acute,

white or rosy.

Has. Little Namaqualand, near the Gariep, Drege!, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Hk. Sd.

Root ligneous, perennial. Stems many from the crown, 6-12 inches long, cobwebby

at length glabrous, alternately branched, Leaves nearly uncial, 3-4 lines wide, the

narrower ones spathulate. Heads 2 lines diameter; 40-50 fl., inv. scales some-

times rosy-purple.

35. H. Catipes (Harv.); stem suffruticose, many-branched from the

base, decumbent, tufted; branches ascending, simple, slender, woolly,

the flowering ones naked toward the summit and laxly leafy; lower

leaves obovate-oblong, upper oblong, nigro-mucronate, all loosely woolly

on both sides, more copiously beneath ; heads 6-9, sessile, in a subglobose

tuft, subtended by 4-5, nigro-cuspidate floral-leaves, 12-15 fl., outer

inv. scales woolly, inner with an obovate, glabrous, very obtuse, radiating

apex; pappus barbellate. Hriosphera Catipes, DC.! 1. c. 167.

Has. On the Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Barren stems about 2, fertile, 4-5 inches long. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 2 lines wide.

The habit, as De Candolle observes, is not unlike that of Antennaria dioica. Heads

2-24 lines long; the inner inv. scales distinctly radiating and broad tipped.

- § 6. SpHz#rocerHans. (Sp. 36-40.)

36. H. diffusum (DC. 1. c. 175) ; stems scarcely suffruticose at base,

slender, elongate, sparingly branched, diffuse or ascending, white-woolly;

leaves sessile, broadly oval or oblong, broad-based, mucronate, one-

nerved, on both sides woolly and white; heads several, in a dense,

sub-pedunculate, terminal corymb or fascicle, shortly pedicellate, many

224 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

fl.; inv. scales glabrous, oblong-ovate, acute, imbricate, cream-white;

recept. naked. Gnaph. diffusum, EM. in Hb. Drege.

Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems several from the crown. 10-18 inches long, simple or alternately branched,

weak and straggling, leafy throughout, the uppermost leaves smallerand more distant.

Leaves 1-14 inch long, $-{ inch wide. Corymb globose, almost capitate, of 6-12

heads. This resembles H. auriculatwm, but the leaves are not auricled, and the

recept. is quite nude.

37. H. crassifolium (Less. Syn. 282); stem sufiruticose, diffuse or

procumbent, alternately branched, branches spreading, white-woolly ;

leaves sessile, obovate-oblong or spathulate, obtuse, not obviously nerved,

thickly clothed with close, white wool ; heads many, in dense, branching,

corymbose-cymes, subsessile, 20-2 5-fl.; inv.-scales obovate, very obtuse,

imbricated, undulate, cream-white, not radiating. DO. l.¢c.175. Gn.

crassifolium, Linn. Mant. 112, Th. Cap. 658. Gn. multiflorum, Th.! Hb.

(non Fl.) Hel. leucophyllum, DC.! 1. c. 175.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Cape Flats and near Worcester, Ecklon! Sands near Muysen-

rei ieee Bay, W.H.H., Dr. Wallich! C. Wright! 327, 333. (Hb. Th., D.,

Stems 1-2 feet long, spreading on the ground, the ends of the branches ascending ;

branches issuing at right angles, flexuous. Whole plant very white and softly woolly.

Leaves 3-1 inch long, 3-4 lines wide, thick. Inflorescence sometimes very com-

pound, each short branch bearing a dense cyme. I cannot find any specimen in Hb.

Th. marked “ crassifolium,” but one marked “multiflorum” quite agrees with our

plant, and is identical with H. leucophyllum, DC.

38. H. rotundifolium (Less.! Syn. 277); suffruticose, branched from

the crown; branches decumbent-ascending, simple, leafy, densely woolly;

leaveshalf-clasping, roundish-obovate, very obtuse, indistinctly 3-nerved,

densely clothed with whitish wool ; heads corymboso-capitate at the

ends of the branches, surrounded by leaves, subsessile, 20-25-f1., homo-

gamous; iny.-scales glabrous, white, obovate, obtuse, loosely imbricated.

DC. 1. c. 176. Gnaph. rotundifolium, Th.! Cap. p. 660.

Has. Cape Flats, Bergius. Draakenstenberg, Drege! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 2-4 inches long, leafy throughout. Leaves }-1 inch long, 4 inch wide or

more, the nerves only visible on the older and partially denuded. Glomerules an

inch across, Nearly related to the preceding, but differing in habit, with much

broader leaves.

39. H. grandiflorum (Less.! Syn. 289); stems suffruticose and de-

cumbent at base, ascending, elongate, subsimple, ending in a pedunculoid

fl. branch, woolly; leaves crowded near the base of the stem, sessile,

the lower obovate, the upper oval, ovate or oblong, 3—5-nerved, obtuse,

on both sides woolly, those on the peduncle lanceolate or linear, acute,

the uppermost bract-like; heads hemispherical, many-fl., homogamous,

eymoso-corymbose ; iny. scales glabrous and glossy, ovate, acute or sub-

acute, imbricated, not radiating, cream-colour. DC./ 1c. 175. @naph.

grandiflorum, Linn. Sp. 1191, Th.! Cap. p. 659. Burm. Afr. t. 76, f. 1+

Gn. fruticans, Willd. Sieb. No. 202, non Linn,

Has. Table and Devil’s Mt., Ecklon! Drege! Sieber! W.H.H., &c. (Herb. Th.!

D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems many from the base, decumbent and nude at base, then ascending and

Helichrysum. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 225

densely leafy, and ending ina more or less pedunculoid fi. branch, bearing depauper-

ated leaves or bracts. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, 2-2} inches wide. Cymes

branching, about 2 inches across. The specific name “ grandijflorum” is peculiarly

ill-chosen : it is the leaves, not the fl. heads, which are large. FI. heads about 3

lines diam.

40. H. fruticans (Less.! Syn. 288); stem shrubby, robust, erect,

sub-simple or branching, woolly, closely leafy below, ending in a laxly

leafy, pedunculoid fl.-branch ; leaves half-clasping, elliptical or oblong,

nigro-mucronate, 3-5-nerved, above cobwebby becoming nude, beneath

densely woolly and white; heads in a much-branched, corymbose cyme,

homogamous, many-fl., pedicellate ; inv. scales glabrous and glossy,

loosely imbricating, snow-white, broadly ovate or oblong, sub-acute or

obtuse. DC. l.¢. 175. Gnaph. fruticans, Iinn. Mant. 282. Bot. Mag.

t. 1802. <Astelma fruticans, Bot. Reg. t. 726. Sieb. No. 13. Gn. grandi-

Jlorum, Willd. Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 489. Gn. fruticans and Gn. petiolatum

Th.! Cap. 659. and 660. :

ioe oe of Table Mountain, Thunb.! EB. § Z.! W. H. H., Gc. (Herb. Th.!

Stem robust, 3-4 feet high, denuded of leaves below, densely leafy above to within

6-12 inches of the summit, where the laxly leafy or naked flowering portion starts.

Leaves 2-24 inches long, 1-14 inch wide, green above, spreading. Cyme 4—5 inches

across ; each head 5-6 lines diam. Scales radiating.—A much handsomer plant

than H. grandiflorum, with which it has been confounded. i

41. H. felinum (Less.! Syn. 287); stem erect, shrubby ; branches

elongate, leafy, loosely tomentose ; leaves broad-based, sessile, spreading

or deflexed, varying from ovato-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, acuminate,

rigid, rugose and either naked or woolly above, albo-tomentose beneath ;

heads globose, homogamous, many-fl., loosely or densely corymbose or

glomerate ; inv. globose, its scales glabrous, white or pink, loosely im-

bricate, obtuse, broad. DC. l.c. 176. Gn. felinum and G. serratum, Th.!

Cap. 648 and 659. Gn. congestum and G, discolorum, Willd.

oe Systane aay a the Eastern Districts, ee Ce D., ee se

varia) ut easily recognised species, 2— igh, not muc!

cian 1-2 f. long. Leaves 4-1-13-2 Ait ‘sas, atk wide, the

upper surface when young woolly, at length naked, and then either glabrous or

densely papillate-scabrous, mostly wrinkled. Branches either leafy to the summit,

or more commonly ending in laxly leafy peduncles. Heads commonly crowded in

a globose tuft, but sometimes cymose or loosely panicled. DC. enumerates 6

varieties.

§ 7. Panicunata. (Sp. 42-47.)

42. H. striatum (Th.! Cap. p. 179); stem shrubby, erect, branched,

glabrous or villous, leafy to the summit; leaves sessile, lanceolate-subu-

late, channelled, very acute, rigid, the younger villous (but not canescent),

the older mostly glabrous ; heads corymbose, on villous pedicels ; inv.

ovate, radiating, the scales ovato-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the

innermost narrow, short, obtuse. Less. Syn. 296. DC. l. c. 179.

Xeranth. rigidum, Andr. Rep. t. 387.

Van. §. Villosum (DC.); branches and leaves persistently villous.

» Has. Districts of Uitenhage, Albany, and Somerset, Ecklon! Drege! Zey.! &c.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

VOL, I. 15

226 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Helichrysum.

1-2 feet high. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1-2 lines wide, green, either glabrous or

thinly clothed with long, silky, loose, yellowish hairs. Inv. scales glossy, either

pure white or primrose colour. Pedicels short, densely hairy. Readily known from

all forms of H. paniculatum by the want of silvery hairs.

43. H. paniculatum (Th. Cap. 661); stem shrubby, erect, corymbosely

branched, the virgate branches and leaves silky-canescent; leaves ses-

sile, linear-lanceolate, or subulate, rigid, much acuminate, mucronate,

3-nerved, erecto-patent, flattish or concave ; heads corymbose or co-

rymbo-cymose, on long pedicels ; inv. hemispherical, shortly radiating,

the scales glabrous, loosely imbricated, ovato-lanceolate, acute or acu-

minate, either snow-white, pale-citron, or purple, innermost linear.

Less. Syn. p.294. DC. 1. c. 179. Xeranth. paniculatum, Linn. Burm. t.

67, f 1.

Var. 8, intermedium ; leaves shorter and broader; heads globose, scarcely radi-

ating ; outer scales acute, inner obtuse. H. intermedium, Less, Syn. 295, DC. l. ¢. 179.

Var. y, angustifolium ; leaves subulate ; inv. scales very acute.

Has. Districts of Swellendam and George, common. ~, Kardow and Pikeneers-

kloof, Zey./ 868. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 feet high, robust or slender. Leaves very variable in breadth, sometimes a8

narrow as in H. mucronatum; sometimes 1-2 lines wide. Infl. either simply corym-

bose, or the pedicels branching, each bearing 2-3 heads. Inv. scales varying much

in shape, sometimes taper-pointed, mostly acute ; the innermost linear, either acute

or obtuse. Though generally known from H. mucronatum by its broader leaves,

acute inv. scales, and larger fl. heads, specimens occur which seem to connect the

extreme forms, as our vars. 8. and +.

44. H. mucronatum (Less.! Syn. 295); stem shrubby, erect, corym-

bosely branched ; branches and leaves silky-canescent; leaves sessile,

linear-subulate, rigid, mucronate, erecto-patent ; pedicels several, from

the upper axils, corymbose, 1-headed ; heads hemispherical, not radia-

ting ; scales glabrous, loosely imbricated, broadly ovate, short, obtuse,

or subacute, DC. /.¢. 178. Gn. mucronatum, Berg. Cap. 269. Burm.

Aft. t. 66, f. 3.

Var. a. citreum ; invol. pale-lemon or sulph. coloured.

Var. £8. niveum (DC.) ; inv. snow-white.

Has. Tradow, Mundt § Maire. Caledon, Eckl./ 8. Groote Howhoek, Zey.! 2856.

Zwarteberg, Pappe! (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

About a foot high, closely leafy, much branched. Leaves $-1 inch long, % line

diam., tipped with a long, slender mucro. Pedicels 1-2 inches long, slender, naked.

Heads 4 lines across ; fl. yellow. Very like H. paniculatum in miniature, but the

leaves are narrower, heads smaller, and inv. scales shorter and blunter, &c. Perhaps

@ mere variety.

45. H. chlorochrysum (DC. 1. c.179); stem shrubby, erect, branched ;

branches densely leafy to the summit; leaves sessile, broadly ovate or

ovato-lanceolate, imbricated, subsquarrose, acuminate, several nerved,

closely silky-canescent; heads corymbose, ovate or subglobose; invol.

scarcely radiating, the scales ovate-acute, the innermost shorter, obtuse,

pale-lemon coloured (greenish when dry).

Has. Bontebock’sjagt, at Karsrivier, Z. H. Beil, in Hb. Eckl. (Herb. Sond.)

1-2-f. high, robust. Leaves 4-3 inch long, 3-5 lines wide, closely many nerved —

or striate, when the copious indument has been removed. Heads on short woolly”

pedicels, 4-5 lines diameter. The leaves resemble those of a Priesileya in shape.

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 227

46. H. sordescens (DC.! ].c.178); stem suffruticose, flexuous, branch-

ing, the branches and both surfaces of the leaves silky-villous; leaves

linear-spathulate, acute, mucronate, 3-5 nerved at base, squarrose or

recurved, flattish or convolute; pedicels several from the upper axils,

corymbose, one-headed ; heads hemispherical, many-fl., shortly radiating;

scales glabrous, lanceolate, acute, appressed, whitish or pale horn-colour ;

pappus scabrous, *

Has. Cape, Bowie! Sandhills near Port Elizabeth, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk. Sd.)

Stem 1 foot or more long, diffuse or ascending, corymbosely branched. Pubescence

long, soft, and loose, dull or dirty whitish (not silvery). Leaves 1-14 inch long,

their lower half appressed, adhering to the stem by the long, marginal hairs, the

upper half strongly recurved. Pedicels 1-2 inches long, silky, slender, corymbose.

Heads 4-5 lines diam, inv. greenish-white or dull whitish.

47. H. argenteum (Th.! Cap. 662); stem shrubby, erect, branched,

the fi.-branches subpeduncular, tomentoso-canescent; leaves obovate-

oblong, narrowed at base, plurinerved, rigid, spreading or squarrose,

recurvo-mucronate, on both sides closely-silky-silvery ; heads corymbose,

on longish, naked or bracteate pedicels ; invol. ovate, radiating, the

outer scales ovate, acute, the medial lanceolate, the innermost much

shorter, narrower, obtuse. DC. l.c.179. H.afine, Less. ! 292 (fide Sond.)

DC. 1. ¢. 178.

a Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, Th., Drege! E.g Z.! je. (Herb. Th.,

.» Hk., Sd.

1-2 feet ‘eh, erect or ascending, irregularly branched. Leaves $-1} inch long,

3-5 lines wide; those on the fl.-branches much depauperated and distant. Heads

rarely solitary; commonly on pedicels 1-2 inches long. Inv. glossy-white or rose-

coloured. Dr. Sonder informs me that he has ascertained, by comparison with the

original specimens in Herb, Berol., that H. affine, Less. ! is identical with this species ;

and that H. argenteum, Less,! is a syn. of Helipterum argyropsis, DC.

§ 8. XERANTHEMOTDEA. (Sp. 48-52).

48. H. lancifolium (Th.! Cap. 662); stem suffruticose, diffuse or

decumbent, branching, branches and leaves closely silky-silvery ; sterile

branches closely leafy to the summit, fi.-branches leafy at base, prolonged

into a sparsely bracteated, elongated, one-headed peduncle ; leaves linear

lanceolate, acuminate, squarrose or recurved, channelled or complicate,

cobwebby and appressed at base; heads oblong-turbinate, acute at base,

radiating ; scales glabrous, acuminate, the outermost ovate, brownish,

the medial ovato-lanceolate, more acuminate, purple, the innermost very

long, narrow-lanceolate, white. Hel. xeranthemoides. DC.! 1. c. 178.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Ecklon! Langekloofberg in several places, Drege! (Herb.

ge ae ing. Leaves §-6 lines long, 2-3-1. wide, closely set

1-2-f, long, straggling. ves » 2~3- : :

Pedune. 4-8 rib iy eo several, pe te linear, Pit closely appressed

bracts or d ted leaves. Heads like those of an Edmondia, the outer inv.

scales itis atoag the pedunc. Pappus of many set, subconcrete at base and

barbellate near the summit. Inner inv. scales } inch long, 1-2 lines wide, satiny

within.

49. H. recurvatum (Th.! Cap. 662); shrubby, diffuse, much branched,

the branches and under surfaces of leaves whitish-tomentose with long,

appressed hairs; sterile branches closely leafy to the summit, fi. branches

=”

228 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

leafy below, prolonged into a one-headed peduncle; leaves half-clasping,

linear-lanceolate, acuminate, recurved, complicate, glabrous above, dense-

ly hairy beneath, ciliate and appressed at base; heads hemispherical,

obtuse at base, radiating ; scales glabrous, silvery-white or purplish,

the outer and medial ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, the innermost short,

obtuse. Less. Syn. 294, DC. Ll. c. 178. Xeranth. recurvatum, Linn. f.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Zondag R., Burchell, No. 4216. Uitenhage and George,

Ecklon! Drege! Zey.! No. 2854. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

About 1 foot high, robust, corymbosely branched. Pubescence of long and soft,

but rather coarse hairs. Leaves 3-3} inch long, 2-3 lines wide, infolded, the upper

surface green and glabrous. Pedunc. 2-3 inches long, hairy, with 1-2 erect bracts,

the uppermost scarious and silvery. Heads broader than long, about 4 inch across.

Inv. scales often purple-tinted. Pappus barbellate throughout.

50. H. ramulosum (DC.1.c.176); “stem shrubby, branches crowded,

subumbellate, leafy nearly to the summit, one-headed ; leaves half-

clasping, lanceolate-linear, acute, spreading, on both sides albo-tomen-

tose; inv. campanulate, glabrous, the scales acute, the outer shorter,

red-brown, loosely imbricated, inner sublinear, pale, radiating.” D0C.l.c.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell, No. 7530.

‘** A much-branched, dwarf, erect shrublet. Leaves 3 lines long, 1 line wide.

Heads small.” DC.

51. H. stoloniferum (Thunb.! Cap. 662); stem shrubby, depressed,

tufted, and trailing, branches fiexuous, closely leafy throughout, canes-

cent ; leaves crowded, sessile, linear or linear-oblong, acute, recurved-

pointed, silky-silvery, at length becoming nude above ; heads terminal,

sessile, solitary, many-fl.; inv. campanulate, radiating, scales glabrous

and glossy, imbricate, ovato-lanceolate, acute, the outer shorter and

reddish-brown, the inner white, often rosy-tipped. Less. Syn. 291.

DC. 1. ¢. 175. Xeranth. stoloniferum, Linn. f.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Witbergen, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root deeply descending, woolly. Stems very many from the crown, some short

and tufted, others long, trailing, flexuous, throwing up erect branchlets. ‘Leaves

4-5 lines long, 1-1} line wide, linear, squarrose. Heads 5-6 lines diameter. Habit

of H. retortum, but with narrower leaves and much smaller heads. Recept. narrow,

naked. Thunberg’s original specimens are more silvery than Drege’s.

52. H. retortum (Thunb. Cap.! 662); stems numerous, suffruticose,

prostrate, rooting at intervals, branching, the apices erect, closely leafy

throughout ; leaves oblong or ovate, broad-based, sessile, squarrose or

recurved, subacute, closely silky-silvery on both sides; heads terminal,

solitary, sessile, oblong, obtuse, very many-fl.; inv. glabrous, radiating,

longer than the disc, scales closely imbricating, acuminate, the outer

ovate, fulvous, the inner lanceolate, white or purple-tinted; bristles of

the pappus numerous, subconcrete at base, barbellate at apex. Willd. Sp.

3, 1907. DC. 1.¢.177. H. radicans, Thunb.! Cap. 663. Less. Syn. 292+

_ Var. 8, minus (DC.) ; smaller in all parts.

Has. Sandy sea-shores, Table and Camp’s Bay, and Simon’s Bay. Klynriver

mouth, Zey./ 2853. 8, Roodeberg and Egelskop, 4—5000 ft.; and mountains near

Welgelegen, Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1 or several feet long, flexuous, forked or irregularly branched; the short

fil. branches erect, leafy to the very summit. Whole plant silvery. Leaves 4-7

lines long, 2-4 lines wide. Heads # inch long, 5—6 lines wide.

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 229

§ 9. Evrcantissima. (Sp. 53-55.)

53. H. marginatum (DC. 1. c. 180); rhizome ligneous ; stems several,

ascending-erect, simple, 1-headed, leafy, woolly ; radical leaves oblong-

tongue-shaped, obtuse, 3—5-nerved, the cauline linear-oblong, obtuse,

the uppermost acuminate, all (save the youngest, which are cobwebby)

on both sides glabrous, with a woolly margin ; heads sessile or sub-

pedunculate, many-fl.; inv. scales searious, snow-white, glossy, lanceo-

late, acuminate, twice as long as the disc. ee

Has. Witbergen, 7-8000 ft., Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Root thick and woody. Stems 3-6 inches high, closely leafy, the leaves smaller

and narrower upwards. Root leaves t-14 inch long, 3-5 lines wide. Pappus rough,

Recept. naked, flat.

Reset

54. H. adenocarpum (DC. 1.c. 180) ; stem herbaceous, erect, simple

or corymbosely branched; branches virgate, loosely woolly and glandu-

lar; radical leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, sessile, loosely woolly, caul-

ine sessile, oval-oblong or linear-oblong, densely glandular and often

very woolly, the uppermost narrower, acuminate; corymb loosely pani-

cled ; heads campanulate, radiate, very many-fl.; invol. scales shining,

silvery-white or rosy, lanceolate, acuminate, much longer than the disc;

achenes glandular. ;

Has. Common near Natal, from the sea level ( Drege !) to 2~3000 feet, Plant,

Gueinzius, Grant, Sutherland, Gerr. § M‘K. No. 267, &c. Orange Free State, 7.

_ Cooper, 1121. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, more woolly and branching than H. elegantissimum, with

shorter and broader radical leaves and more lanceolate invol. scales. Invol. mostly

rosy-purple externally.

55. H. elegantissimum (DC. |. c. 179); stem herbaceous, erect, simple,

terete, softly hairy below, glandular-pubescent upward ; radical leaves

oval-oblong, thin, narrowed to the base, cobwebby-villous, becoming

nude on the upper surface ; cauline sessile, eared at base and stem-

clasping, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, glandularly pubescent ;

corymb compound, loosely branched; heads camp te, radiate, very

many-fl. ; inv. scales shining, silvery-white on the outer ray, oblongo-

lanceolate, acute, longer than the dis

Hap. Witbergen, 5-6000 ft., Drege! Basutuland, 7. Cooper/ 721. (Herb. Hk.,

D., Sd. -

hat 1-2 feet high. Radical leaves numerous, 24-3 inches long, 1 inch wide ;

cauline 14-2 inches long, } inch wide, green. Recept. naked, 4-5 linesdiam. FI.

2-300 ina head. Inv. 3 inch across.

B. DASYLEPIDEA. (§ 10.)

. § 10. Errocernana. (Sp. 56-61.)

56. H. populifolium (DC.! 1. c. 180); a shrub; branches tomentose-

canescent ; leaves on long petioles, cordate at base, ovate or ovato-

subrotund, acute or obtuse, 5~7- or many-nerved at base, cobwebby-

canescent above, becoming bare, densely tomentose and white beneath ;

panicles terminal and axillary, decompound, divaricately much-branched;

heads at the ends of its divisions in clusters of 3-5, subsessile, ovate,

12-16-fl.; inv. scales in few rows, the outer dorsally tomentose, the

inner whitish, glabrous, obtuse, squarrose ; recept. honey-combed.

230 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

Has. Between Omsamceulo and Omsamwubo, Drege! Natal, Gueinzius! (Herb.

Hk., D., Sd.)

Seemingly a large shrub. Petioles 1-2 inches long; lamina 2-3} inches long,

14-3 inches wide, varying in amount and persistence of indument, and in shape.

Panicles 5-6 inches long, very much-branched. Heads 2 lines long, 1 line diam,

Fl. yellow. Not like any other 8. African species, Lvs. like those of some Abutilon.

57. H. marifolium (DC.! 1. c. 186); stems diffuse or prostrate, slen-

der, flexuous, irregularly branched, woolly ; branches sparsely leafy,

naked towards the summit ; leaves alternate, obovate-oblong, cuneate

at base, nigro-mucronulate, thinly woolly (becoming nude) on the upper,

densely woolly on the lower surface ; heads 5-8, sessile, in peduncled

tufts, about 20-flowered, homogamous ; recept. naked ; inv. scales im-

bricated, the outer densely shaggy externally, the inner hairy at the apex,

linear, subacute ; pappus plumoso-barbellate. Also Hriosphera Oculus

Cati, DC.! Prod. 6, p. 166 (non Lessing) ; and Eriosph. apiculata, DC. ?

Has. Table Mt., Drege! Swellendam, £. 4 Z.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 12-14 inches long, leafy nearly to the summit. Leaves about 4 inch apart,

nearly } inch long, 2-3 lines wide, green (but woolly) above, foxy or dirty white,

and thickly woolly beneath, much attenuated at base. Heads 2} lines long; in

E.G Z.’s specimens 20-flowered! Pappus armed with long, acute, slender, lateral

cellules. DC.’s “ Eriosphera apiculata,” judging by his description, scarcely, if at

all, differs. Of it he says :—‘‘ Stem diffuse? tomentose at the summit ; leaves obo-

vate, nigro-mucronate, the younger on both sides tomentose, the adult cobwebby

above ; the flowering branches subelongate, sparingly leafy, the floral leaves (?)

oblong, woolly beneath and at the margin, glabrous above ; heads 3—4-sessile, densely _

woul “ete 20-f1."—DC. Eriosphera apiculata, DC. l. c. 166. (Eastern Districts,

58. H. rotundatum (Harv.); “stem erect? tomentose ; leaves obovate-

subrotund, very obtuse, obsoletely tipped with a black point, tomentose

beneath, velvetty-cobwebbed and at length glabrate above ; peduncles

elongate ; floral leaves oblong, acute, on the outside and at the margin

densely woolly, within glabrescent ; heads 4~5, ovate, sparingly woolly.”

DC. Eriosphera rotundifolia, DC. 1. c. 166.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell.

Unknown to me. Said to be allied to “ Eriosphera apiculata.” Leaves 8-9 lines

long, 6-7 wide, the older ones glabrate above, and then 3-nerved at base. Flowers

not known.

59. H. coriaceum (Harv.); stem robust, suffruticose, erect or sub-

erect, densely woolly, the woolly branches leafy nearly to the summit;

leaves crowded, spreading, obovate-oblong, nigro-mucronulate, coria-

ceous, closely tomentose above, densely woolly beneath ; heads numerous

(20-30) densely crowded in sessile or shortly peduncled, branching,

subcapitate cymes, 20—2 5-fl., homogamous ; inv. scales imbricated, linear,

all densely shaggy externally; pappus barbellate. Hriosphera coriacea,

DC.! lc. 167. Gnaph. coriaceum, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Mountains near Swellendam, Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

_ Much more robust than H. marifolium, with more compound inflorescence. Leaves

4-1 imch long, 4-5 lines wide. Heads campanulate, 3-4 lines long, clothed with

fulvous wool ; tips of the inv. scales scarcely protruding.

60. H. umbellatum (Harv.); stem erect, suffruticose ; branches virgate,

Helichrysum] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 231

closely leafy nearly to the summit ; leaves spreading or reflexed, shortly

oblong, nigro-mucronulate, thickly woolly on both sides ; heads numer-

ous, (12-20-30), pedicellate, in hemispherical, closely branched, woolly

cymes, about 15-18-fl., homogamous ; inv. scales imbricated, linear,

shaggy externally, the innermost subglabrous at tip; pappus barbellate.

Eriosphera umbellata, Turcz.! in Bull. Mose, 1851. Hol. 24, p.

Has. Riv. Zonder Einde, Zeyher! 2891. (Herb. Sond.) dit

Stem 1-2 feet high, distantly branched ; the branches subumbellate, simple, erect.

Leaves squarrose, 4 lines long, 2 lines wide, Flowering branches laxly leafy toward

the summit, for 1-14 inch below the cyme. Cymes about 1 inch across.

61. H. Lambertianum (DC.!1.c. 190); stems suffruticose, erect,

branched from the base, branches virgate, and, as well as the leaves and

involucres white-woolly ; leaves sessile, linear, subacute, one-nerved,

with slightly-reflexed margins, nigro-mucronate ; heads in a terminal,

simple or branched, sparsely-leafy, crowded corymb, turbinate, homoga-

mous, 20-25-fl.; inv. imbricate, its scales linear, pale, obtuse, externally

densely woolly. bsnouet

Has. Cape, Herb. Lambert., Drege. Clanwilliam and Tulbagh, Ecklon! Above

the Tulbagh Waterfall, Dr. Pappe/ (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

Root and bases of the stems woody, Stems tufted, 10-12 inches high. Whole

plant closely covered with white wool. Leaves 3-1 inch long, 1 line wide. Corymbs

I~2 inches across. Heads 23~3 lines long ; the narrow-linear, creamy scales, with

a green, central line on the inside, all of them densely woolly externally.

a C. CHRYSOLEPIDEA. (§ 11-12.)

§ 11. XeRocuimna, (Sp. 62-69.)

62. H. Cooperi aes) ; stem herbaceous, erect, robust, panicled,

the branches leafy, densely glandularly setose and hairy, one or more

headed; cauline leaves clasping and strongly decurrent, oblong or lan-

ceolate, acute, rameal sessile or but slightly decurrent, clasping, oblong,

acuminate, all glandularly scabrous on both sides, woolly-edged, pluri-

nerved, green; heads very many-fl., shortly pedicellate; inv. hemi-

spherical, stellate, radiating, its scales imbricating, glossy, scarious,

oblong, acute, golden yellow. 8 —s

Has. Near Draakensberg, Orange Free-state, 7. Cooper) 1117. (Herb. D.)

Stem 4-5 feet high, closely leafy. Leaves 3~4 inches long or more, 1-14 wide,

the medial and lower ones decurrent as a wing to the stem for 1-2 inches below

their base. Heads asin H. faetidum, from which this is readily known by its strongly

decurrent leaves, green on both sides. A very fine species, worthy of cultivation.

63. H. setosum (Harv.); stem herbaceous, erect, paniculately much

branched, the branches long, leafy, glandularly setulose, one-headed ;

leaves cordate-clasping, oblongo-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the

uppermost narrow, sessile, concolourous, glandular and setulose on both

sides, setoso-ciliate; heads terminating long, leafy branches, sessile,

subtended by 2-4 lanceolate, setose leaves, very many-fl.; inv, stellate,

radiating, its scales imbricating, glossy, scarious, lance-oblong, acute,

golden yellow.

Has. On the Vaal River, Burke and Zey.! Zey.! 875. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Probably annual or biennial. Stem 1-2 f. high, pale, much branched. Leaves

green, thin, glandular and viscidulous, strongly scented, not in the least woolly.

232 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

Heads nearly as in H. fetidum, to which this is allied, but from which it differs in

habit, the solitary fl.-heads, and pubescence.

64. H. foetidum (Cass.) ; stem tall, herbaceous, erect, tomentose; leaves

cordate-clasping, oblong or ovate, acute or acuminate, spreading, scabrous

above, more or less woolly beneath; heads panicled or glomerate, on

leafy branchlets, very many-fl., pedicellate; inv. hemispherical-stellate,

radiating, its scales imbricated, glossy, scarious, lanceolate, or ovato-

lanceolate, acute, golden-yellow or cream-colour. Less, Syn. 284. DC.

l.c. 187. Gn. foetidum, Th.! Cap. 653. Bot. Mag. t. 1987. Anaxeton

Ffetidum, Lam. Ill. t. 692, f. 1.

Has. Throughout the Colony, and at Natal. (Herb, Th., D., Hk., Sd., &c.)

A strong growing biennial, 2-4 f. high, simple or corymboso-paniculate. Leaves

variable in shape, the upper cordate-ovate, acuminate, the lower longer, and oblong

or oblongo-lanceolate, 2-3 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, strongly and disagreeably

scented. Heads very showy, }—3 inch across, sometimes in a loose, sometimes a

much contracted panicle. Scales varying from cream-white to brilliant yellow.

65. H. decorum (DC.!1. c. 188); stem herbaceous, erect, simple,

white-woolly, branched at the summit, subcorymbose, the branches

leafy, one-headed ; leaves sessile, the radical ovate-oblong, narrowed at

base, 3—5-nerved, the cauline half-clasping, oblongo-lanceolate, acute,

the uppermost acuminate, all scabrous and thinly woolly on the upper

side, white-woolly beneath; inv. hemispherical-radiate, the scales im-

bricating, glossy, scarious, lanceolate-acute, bright-yellow.

Has. Port Natal, Drege! T. Williamson! Dr. Grant! Dr. Sutherland! Gerr. §

M‘K., 853. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Intermediate between H. fetidum and H. fulgidum, with more the habit of the

former, but more woolly. The root is said to be perennial. Stems 2-3 feet high.

Leaves 14-2 inches long, 3-1 inch wide. Heads in a leafy corymb.

66. H. fulgidum (Willd.); stem herbaceous, erect, subsimple, loosely

woolly; leaves half-clasping, oblong, erect, acute, concolourous, on each

side scabrous and glandular, with woolly margins; heads very many-fl.,

mostly solitary at the end of the stem, or of the leafy branches, some-

times aggregated, sessile; inv. stellate, radiating, its scales imbricating,

glossy, scarious, lanceolate, acuminate, bright yellow. Zh.! Cap. p. 664.

Less, Syn. 285. DC. 1. c. 187. Xeranth. fulgidum, Linn. f. Jacq. Le.

Rar. t. 173. Bot. Mag. t. 414.

Var, 8. angustifolium (DC.); root-leaves long and narrow, on each side loosely

woolly ; upper-leaves wool-margined. Zey.! 2840. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Var. y. heterotrichum (DC.); root-leaves elliptic-oblong, 3-nerved, narrowed at

base ; medial wool-margined ; uppermost glandular-pubescent. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Var. 6. subnudatum (DC.); lower lvs. scarcely wool-margined, sparingly gland-pu-

bescent above, hispid beneath along the nerves ; root-lvs. ovato-lanceolate. (Hb. Hk.)

Var. e. monocephalum (DC.) ; stems sparsely woolly, simple, one-headed ; root-

leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at base, the younger on each side tomentose, adult

scabrid ; lower cauline wool-edged, upper glandular-scabrid. H. decorum, Pl. Krauss!

No. 315. Gueinz. 595, 317. Gerr. § M‘K.! No. 270. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Var. ¢ nanum (DC.); stem very short, woolly tomentose, one-headed ; lower

leaves oblong, obtuse, woolly on both sides; cauline linear-acuminate, wool-margined;

adult glandularly scabrid. (Herb. Sd.)

Has. Eastern Districts and Port Natal. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very variable in size and minor characters; stem 4 inches to 2-3 feet high. Root

Helichrysum. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 233

woody, perennial? Root-leaves 4-8 inches long ; cauline 14-3 inches, mostly wool-

margined. Heads very showy, generally larger than in H. fetidum, often 1-1} inch

across, but in vars, e, and ¢. much smaller, {-Z in. Scales very brilliant, deep yellow.

67. H. lanatum (Harv.); root woody; stems erect, subsimple, leafy

throughout, and, as well as the leaves, thickly coated with long, white,

interwoven woolly hairs; leaves sessile, obovate, callous-mucronate,

beneath the wool penninerved, the upper ones narrower and oblong or

elliptical; corymb subpedunculate, much branched, many-headed, with

woolly branches; heads subsessile, 12-15-fl.; invol. campanulate, 3—-4-

seriate, the scales loosely imbricated, outer and inner of nearly equal

size, all glabrous and glossy, lanceolate-acuminate, bright yellow; re-

cept. naked, narrow.

Has. Sand River, Burke § Zeyher! Zey.! 878. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Root thick and woody. Stems 1 or more, 12—1§ inches high, densely leafy below,

more laxly upwards, ending in a subpedunculate, spreading, corymbose cyme. All

parts save the involucres very thickly white-woolly. Lower leaves 14-2 inches long,

1 inch wide, upper 1~1} inch long, }-4 inch wide. Inflorescence 2-4 inches across.

Inv. scales 3~4 lines long, 3 line wide. Recept. quite naked. Pappus rough. Achenes

granulated. A very handsome and distinct species.

68. H. argyrophyllum (DC. 1. c. 186); stem suffruticose at base, dif-

fuse, branches ascending, and as well as the leaves coated with a silvery-

white, densely interwoven, somewhat glossy, felted indument ; leaves

obovate or obovate-spathulate, hook-pointed, much attenuated to the

base (3-nerved, DC), the uppermost distant and narrow; corymb pe-

dunculate, loosely few-headed ; heads on long, 1-2 bracteated pedicels,

many-fl., stellato-campanulate; invol. imbricate, radiating, the outer

scales short, very thinly cobwebby, fulvous, the rest oblong or oblongo-

lanceolate, glabrous, glossy, opaque, yellow, the innermost longer than

the disc, acute. ’

Stasis Sadr Soba, tne beceoniacen deamely nlp ino

vies :

the fertile 6-12 inches cae amide apkad eo pentane Reef they Suid

into 4-5 branchlets, each of which bears a head. ‘Leaves 1-11 inch long, 3-4 lines

wide, the narrowed portion twice as long as the broad extremity. Heads 6-7 lines

diameter, lemon-yellow. :

69. H. squamosum (Th.! Cap. 661) ; suffruticose at base, erect or

ascending, branches virgate, closely leafy to the summit, woolly ; lower

leaves oblong, medial and upper linear-subulate, with strongly revolute

margins, sordidly woolly, acute, mucronate, at length often nude and

then scabrous above, the uppermost often tipped with a membranous

scale; heads sessile, very many-flowered; inv. ovate-oblong, radiating,

its scales lustrous, scarious, imbricating, oblong-lanceolate, acute, ful-

vous-yellow. Less. Syn.p, 286. DC.l.c. 185. H.splendens, Bot. Mag.

t.1773. H. herbaceum, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 487. Helipterum ferrugineum,

DC. l. c. 412 (excl. syn.).

Has. Cape, Thund.! Uitenhage and Albany, frequent, E. Z.! Drege! Sir C. Bun-

bury ! &c.; Slaagekraal, Burke! Natal, Gueinzius! Plant! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

12-18 inches high, tufted ; stems simple, or corymbosely branched, the branches

virgate, 1-headed. Leaves about uncial, the lower ones sometimes 4~5 lines wide,

the rest 1-2 lines wide, erect or squarrose, several of those near the heads tipped

234 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

with a polished scale. Wool dirty whitish or fulvous. Pappus bristle-shaped, rough

or serrulate. This has quite the habit of a Helipterum, but wants the plumose pap-

pus. All Ecklon’s and Drege’s specimens of “ Hel. ferrugineum” that I have seen,

belong to this species, ;

§ 12. SrozcHapina, (Sp. 70-80.)

70, H. acutatum (DC.! 1. c. 186); “stem erect, simple, cobwebby,

the younger leaves cobwebby, at length on both sides rough with

scattered, thick, glandular bristles,’ the lower leaves oval-oblong,

penninerved, acute, tapering at base into a longish petiole, “the upper

linear-elongate, much-acuminate; corymb compound, fastigiate ; heads

8—12-f1.; inv. oblong, its scales lanceolate, acuminate, the outer dorsally

woolly, the rest bright-yellow, shining.” DC. /. c.

Has. Between Omtendo and Omsamculo, on Grass-hills, under 500 feet, Drege!

(Herb. Sond.)

One of the lower leaves and a few unopened fl. heads only seen by me. The leaf

has a petiole about 3 inches long, and an ovato-lanceolate lamina 44 inches long,

24 inches wide, thinly cobwebby and rough with raised, glandular points. Fi. heads

about 2 lines long, 1 line wide. The Aabit seems to be that of § 13, Plantaginea;

but DC. says the recept. is “ scarcely honey-combed.”

71, H. splendidum (Less.! Syn. 286); stem shrubby or suffruticose,

branches virgate, woolly; leaves sessile, linear or linear-oblong, with

revolute margins, nigro-mucronate, on both sides white-woolly ; heads

subglobose, many-flowered, heterogamous, in densely-crowded, sub-

globose cymes, short pedicelled ; inv. woolly at base, all the scales bright

yellow, shining, opaque, oblong, obtuse, subconcave, scarcely radiant.

DC.11.¢. 185. Gn. splendidum, Th.! Cap. 648. Gn. strictum, Link,

Var. 8. xanthinum; more slender, with laxer, less woolly leaves. H. xanthinwm,

DC! 1. ¢. 185.

Var. y. montanum ; dwarf, depressed and tufted; branches erect, virgate; leaves

crowded, broadish, the lower oblong-subspathulate, all very woolly. H. montanwm,

DC.! 1, ¢. 186,

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Eastern Districts, Burchell, 5047. Winterberg, Mrs. F. W.

Barber, 239. Assagaysbosch, on mountains near Goerreshoogte, Mundt/ Var. B.

Zwarte, Storm, and Witberg, and on Sneeuweberg, Drege! Var. y. Witberg and

ee oe 6—-7000 ft., Drege! Spitzkop, Somerset, Dr. Atherstone! (Herb. Th.,

Stems 2-5 feet high; in y. 6-8 inches, closely or laxly leafy. Leaves f-14 inch

long, 2-3 lines wide, the lowest flattish, all the rest with strongly reflexed edges.

Cymes 1-14 inch diam. Invol. very bright. I find filiform female fl. in all the vars.

72, H. rutilans (Less.! Syn. 275); stem herbaceous (annual), erect,

simple or divided near the base into many simple branches, albo-

tomentose; leaves half-clasping, spathulate, nigro-mucronate, spreading,

on both sides densely albo-tomentose ; heads in dense, branching,

corymbose cymes, homogamous, subsessile; invol. cylindrical, loosely

woolly at base, its scales opaque, imbricate, the outer shorter, oblong,

the inner clawed, broadly obovate, very obtuse, undulate, bright-yellow-

DC. 1. ¢. 185. Gnaph. rutilans, Linn, Sp. 1291. Th. Cap. p. 630. Gm.

odoratum, Th.! Cap. 654, excl. syn.

Has. Sandy chiefly in the Western Districts. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

A white-woolly annual, 10-15 inches high, with slender, subsimple roots. Leaves

Helichrysum.] COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 235

subdistant, 1-14 inch long, 2-4 lines wide near the summit, narrowed toward the

base. Inf. generally much-branched. Involucral-scales rigid, bright-golden yellow.

73. H. adscendens (Less.! Syn. 274); stem herbaceous (perennial),

ascending, simple, leafy at base, laxly leafy upwards; lower leaves spa-

thulate, obtuse, very much attenuated towards the half-clasping base,

upper linear, acute, all thinly and loosely woolly on both sides, one-

nerved ; heads subglobose, many-fl., in terminal, branching, corymbose

cymes, on woolly pedicels; inv. campanulate, loosely imbrieated, gla-

brous, all the scales pale-yellow, opaque, the medial and inner oblong,

obtuse, spreading. Gn. adscendens, Th. / Cap. 654.

_ Has. Cape, Thunberg! Krebs, No. 152, fide Less. l.c. (Herb. Thunb.)

Very similar to H. rutilans, but less woolly, and said to be perennial. Lower

leaves 2-24 inches long, 2~3 lines wide toward the apex, about 1 line wide toward

the base ; upper 1-14 inch long, not a line wide. Corymb 1} inch across, rather

loose. Scales lemon-yellow. I have only seen Thunberg’s specimen; H. adscendens,

DC.! is very different (our H. psilolepis).

74. H. psilolepis (Harv.); stem herbaceous, sub-erect, simple or

branched from near the base, together with the leaves thickly white-

woolly ; leaves half-clasping, broad-based, lanceolate or lance-linear,

acute or acuminate, nigro-apiculate; heads subglobose, many-flowered,

in densely congested, spheroidal cymes, shortly pedicellate or subses-

sile ; invol. campanulate, woolly at base, the outer scales membranous,

horn-colour, thin and pellucid, oblong or ovate, the inner linear, with an

oblong, obtuse, bright-yellow, spreading limb, subpellucid. H. adscen-

dens, DC. t.¢. 185.

Has. Cape, Ecklon! between Zwartkey and Stormberg, also at Kl. Bruintjes-

hoogte, Zuureberg, Drege! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.) *

Perennial, many stemmed, very woolly. Leaves j-14 inch long, gradually atte-

nuated upwards, 1-2 lines wide, ending in a black, sharp point (often hidden under

the wool). Infl. not much branched. Invol. scales very thin in substance, the

apices only yellow.

75. H. hebelepis (DC. 1. c. 187); stem suffruticose at base, aseend-

ing-erect, simple, or branched from the base, the branches virgate,

woolly; leaves sessile, lanceolate, apiculate, loosely cobwebbed above,

white-woolly beneath, 3-5-nerved, the lower acute, the upper acumi-

nate; cymes subpedunculate, compound, flat-topped, densely many-

headed, its branches woolly, leafless; heads subsessile, campanulate,

about 20-2 5-flowered, homogamous; inv. scales dorsally thinly woolly,

glabrous near the apex, linear, scarious, thin, the outer acute, pale horn-

colour, the inner obtuse, fulvous-flavescent.

Var, 8, angustius (DC.); leaves narrower and more acuminate, the lateral

nerves scarcely obvious, the corymb more crowded, and the heads shorter.

Has. Kaus Mt. and Modderfontein, Namaqualand, and Hexrivierskloof, Drege !

Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! 8, Brackfontein, Ecklon! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems or branches 1-1} ft. high. Leaves in a, 14-2 inches long, 4~7 lines wide;

in B, 3-6 lines wide, thinly woolly and pale-greenish above. Cymes corymbose,

much branched. Heads 2~24 lines long. Recept. quite naked! Pappus scabrous.

The broad-leaved form is very similar in aspect to H. tricostatwm, but differs in the

acute inv. scales, and absence of fimbrils on the receptacle.

76. H. subglomeratum (Less. Syn. 283); stem shrubby at base,

236 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

simple or divided into several, virgate branches; branches and leaves

coated with a silvery-white, interwoven, felted indument; leaves sessile,

either elliptical, oblong, or lingulate, subacute; heads very densely

cymoso-corymbose, sessile, the tufts congested with wool underneath ;

inv. 8—10-fl., cylindrical, the outer scales testaceous, inner bright yellow,

scarious, obtuse, subpellucid; pappus barbellate. DC. 1. c. 186.

Var. a. lingulatum ; leaves linear-oblong or tongue-shaped, 1-2 inches long.

Var. f. imbricatum (DC.) ; leaves elliptical or oblong, imbricated, 4-3 inch long.

Has. Uitenhage and Albany, Krebs, Burchell, E. § Z.! Drege! H. Hutton! Genl.

Bolton! &c. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 f. high, silvery ; the indument usually membranous and smooth, but occasion-

ally (in Drege’s sp.) loose and woolly. Typical specimens of the two varieties look

very distinct, but intermediate states are readily found. The woolly agglutination

of the heads, though considerable, is less than in the following species.

77. H. umbraculigerum (Less. Syn. 284) ; stem suffruticose at base,

erect or ascending, simple, tomentose-canescent ; leaves membranous,

oblongo-obovate or ovato-lanceolate, narrowed much at base (almost

petiolate), calloso-mucronate, thinly woolly above, albo-tomentose be-

neath (or uniformly canous), 3-nerved ; heads 5-fl., very numerous,

densely congested in a flat-topped cyme, the branches of the cyme so

united by interwoven white wool as to form a disc-like, peltate pseudo-

membrane, marked with raised, radiating, nerves beneath, and com-

pletely clothed with fl. heads above; iny. scales bright yellow, obtuse.

DC. b, & 186...

Has. Cape, Krebs, No. 147. Betw. Graaf Reynet and Komma-Dabka, Burchell,

No. 3078. Betw. Omsamcuba and Omsamwubo, Drege. Near Maritzburg and

Ladysmith, Gerr. ¢ M‘K., 282. Lower Umcomas and Zululand, Gerr. ¢ M‘K.!

1033, 1034. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 12-15 inches high. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 4-6 lines wide. Inflorescence

very peculiar ; the flower-heads seemingly closely sessile on a broad, woolly, nerved

disc. Burchell’s MS. name Gn. dorsteniejlorum is very appropriate. The woolliness

varies much in density and whiteness.

78, H. pentzioides (Less.! Syn. 282); stem rigid, shrubby, divari-

cately-branched, twigs canescent or nude ; leaves obovate, tapering

much at base, recurvo-mucronulate or very obtuse, thickish, on each

side dotted, thinly canescent or glabrate; heads corymbulose, subpedi-

eellate, 10-12-fi. ; invol. cylindrical, not radiating, imbricate, its scales

pale-horn-colour, dotted, obtuse, scarious, thin, appressed, subpellucid,

the tips slightly bullated. DC. 1. ¢. 192.

Has. Kanna River, Mundt § Maire. Nieuweveld, betw. Brakriver and Uitflugt;

and betw. Zondag riv. and Ado, Drege! Fishriver, Ecklon! Zuureberge, Burke §

Zeyher! (Zey.! 887). (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

A stout, woody and scrubby bush, a foot or more high, much branched, sometimes

nearly glabrous, sometimes canous in all parts, Leaves 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines

wide, rigid. Heads 14 lines long.

79. H. lucilioides (Less. Syn. p. 290); stem rigid, shrubby, divari-

cately branched, twigs tomentose ; leaves obovate or oblong, tapering

much at base, recurvo-mucronate, thickish, impunctate, 1-nerved, thinly

canescent; heads two or more together, sessile at the ends of the branches,

subtended by leaves, ro-fl., homogamous ; inv. cylindrical, not radiating,

Helichrysum.] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 237

imbricate, its scales pale-horn-colour, impunctate, obtuse, scarious, glossy,

thin, appressed, semipellucid. DOC... 191. Gn. stehelinoides, Th.?

Cap. 652.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Ecklon! Burke § Zeyher! Nieuwefeld, Beaufort Drege}

(Herb. Th., Hook., D., Sd.) é : |

Very similar to 17. pentzioides in habit and foliage, but with different inflorescence,

longer and more shining involucres, and corollas and pappus fully twice as long.

Invol. 3 lines long. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 14-2 lines wide, whitish or yellowish.

80. H. excisum (Less. Syn. 282); stem shrubby, rigid, much branched,

the twigs canescent ; leaves spathulate-cuneate, tapering much at base,

recurvo-mucronate (and almost obcordate), thickish, on each side cano-

tomentose; heads corymbulose, subsessile, g—1o-fl.; inv. cylindrical,

not radiating, imbricate, its scales golden-yellow, lanceolate, acute,

squarrose, scarious, the outer ones short and membranous. WDC. l. c.

192. Gnaph. excisum, Th.! Cap. 655.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Burchell, 6508. Dr. Thom! Langekloof, betw. Grootfontein

and Gangekraal, Drege/ On the Karro, Mundt/ Hassagay’skloof and Breederivers-

poort, Zey! 2865. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

A densely-branched, rigid, small shrub, less divaricate than H. pentzioides, with

nearly similar foliage, but very different involucres. Leaves 3-6 lines long, 2-3

lines wide, owing to the strongly recurved point nearly obcordate. Heads 13 line

long, the tips of all the scales very acute and strongly recurved.

Sub-genus II. LEPICLINE. (Sp. 81-137.)

§ 13. Puantaginea. (Sp. 81-96.)

81. H. latifolium (Less.! Syn. 297); stem erect, simple, leafy at the

base only, pedunculoid upwards and densely woolly; subradical leaves

sessile, either ovate-oblong or ovato-lanceolate, generally acute-pointed

and narrowed to the base, rarely obtuse at both ends, the cauline

(1~2) stem-clasping, lanceolate-oblong, narrow, all 5—7~9-nerved, woolly

beneath, piloso-scabrid and thinly cobwebbed or glabrate above ; heads

many in a densely-branched, flat-topped or globose cyme, many-fl.,

pedicellate ; inv. campanulate, imbricate, woolly at base, apices of the

scales glabrous, membranous, broadly-oblong, obtuse, pale horn-colour or

purplish. DC. 2. c. p. 198. Gnaph. latifolium, Th. / Cap. 660,

Var. B. reticulatum; cauline leaves ovate, clasping ; all the leaves thinly tomen-

tose beneath, with dark-coloured, netted veins between the nerves. ‘

Has. Galgebosch, Thunberg. Gauritz R., Burchell, 4734. Zuureberg, Drege!

Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! Kaffirland, Ecklon! Natal, Krauss, 384, Gueinzius,

Sutherland! B. Between Maritzberg and Ladysmith, Gerr. § M‘Ken.! 281. (Herb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 12-15 inches high. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1-2} inches wide, becoming

glabrate above, but persistently rough with swollen, jointed bristles ; the under surface

variably tomentose. Condensed cyme 1-1} inch diameter, at length flat-topped.

82. H. griseum (Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 65); stem erect, simple, leafy

at the base only, pedunculoid upwards, densely woolly ; subradical

leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong, acute at each end, the cauline

one or two, stem-clasping, ovate or oblong, acute or acuminate, All

faintly 5-7-nerved, densely woolly beneath, piloso-scabrid and (at first)

thinly cobwebbed, becoming glabrate above ; heads very many in a

238 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

diffusely much-branched, woolly corymbose-cyme, many-fl., pedicellate ;

invol. campanulate, imbricate, all the scales dorsally woolly below, their

apices glabrous, membranous, /anceolate-acuminate, squarrose, pale horn-

colour or purplish.

Sie a Gueinzius! 322, 590. Near D‘Urban, Gerr. § M‘Ken.! 307. (Herb.

md., D.

Allied 3 H. latifolium, from which it differs in the evidently petiolate root-leaves,

the much more diffuse inflorescence, and especially in the invol. scales. Stem 1-1}

feet high. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 14-2 inches wide. There is usually a single,

narrow-lanceolate, acuminate floral-leaf about the middle of the peduncle, and one

at the base of the cyme.

83, H. pedunculare (DC.! 1. c. 198); stem erect, simple, leafy at base

or to beyond the middle, usually prolonged into a nearly naked, woolly

peduncle; subradical leaves coriaceous, lance-oblong or obovate-oblong,

subacute, more or less basally attenuated or petiolate, above glabrous

and smooth, 5—7~g-nerved, beneath white-tomentose, with inconspicu-

ous or faintly marked nerves ; heads very many (20-60) in a dense,

subglobose, branching cyme, many-fi., subsessile ; invol. campanulate,

imbricate, woolly at base, not radiating, the scales flat, membranous,

linear, obtuse, brownish horn-colour. Gnaph. pedunculare, Linn. Mant.

284, fide DC.

Var. 8. pilosellum ; stem dwarf (23 inches high); heads about 5 in a cluster.

HT, pilosellum, Less. Syn. 297. DC. l. ¢. 198.

Has. Swellendam, Burchell! 720. Uitenhage, Ecklon! Kango, Dr. Thom! Beth-

elsdorf, Zey.! 879. Caledon R., Burke! Beaufort, 7. Cooper! 415. Var. B. Kango,

Mundt and Maire. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

Stem 6 inches to 3 feet high, leafy chiefly near the base; the cauline leaves

clasping, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate ; the peduncular extremity woolly, with a

few scattered, subulate, depauperated leaves. Lower leaves 3-7 inches long, 1-23

inches wide, the tomentum on the under surface closely interwoven, either copious

(concealing the nerves) or scanty. Inv. scales testaceous. The young inflores-

cence is nearly spheroidal, and very dense; the older flattens into a trichotomous

cyme. H. pilosellum, Less., by description, can scarcely be anything but a dwarf

specimen of this plant, According to Mr. Cooper, this plant, called Hry’kue by the

Fingoes, is used to cure wounds, particularly the wounds of circumcision.

84, H. undatum (Less.! Syn. 298); stem erect, simple, leafy at base

or below the middle, pedunculoid upwards and densely woolly ; sub-

radical leaves tapering at base into a short or longish petiole, ovate-

oblong, acute or acuminate, 3—5-nerved, cauline (when any) sessile,

clasping, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, all densely woolly beneath,

piloso-seabrid and thinly cobwebbed above, undulate; heads many in a

densely much-branched, woolly, flat-topped cyme, many-fl., pedicellate ;

invol. campanulate, woolly at base; apices of the scales glabrous, glossy,

oval-oblong, concave and connivent, very obtuse, sub-opaque, the outer

purplish, inner white. DC. Ul. c. 198. Gn. undatum, Th.! Cap. p. 655

Vang. 8, pallidum; inv. sc. cream-colour or pale buff. H. pallidum, DC. 1.c. 199-

Has. Paardekop, Mundt & Maire. Cape, Bowie! Fish R. and Zoguslveiys Drege!

Albany, £. Z., T. W., Genl. Bolton. Var. B, Albany, 7. Williamso#! Caledon R.,

Burke! Katriversberg, Zwartkey and Buffel River, and between Omsamculo and

Omtendo, Dreye/ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, sometimes leafy in its lower half, sometimes at base only.

Rad. leaves more or less distinctly pedunculate, 4-6 or 8-10 inches long, 1-2-3

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 239 —

wide, mostly acuminate ; in the more luxuriant the forking of the nerves is much

above the base of the leaf. De Candolle’s 1. pallidum merely differs in the colour

of the inv. sc. I have both forms from the same locality, collected by 7’. Williamson.

85. H. coriaceum (Sond.! Linn. 23, p. 65); stem erect, simple, leafy

at base or below the middle, prolonged into a nearly naked, woolly

peduncle; subradical leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, tapering

at base, on both sides coated with a membranous, separable, silvery and

rather glossy coat, 3—5-nerved, the upper surface at length denuded, lower

persistently silvery ; heads many in a dense, subglobose or branching

and flat-topped cyme, many-fl.; invol. campanulate, imbricate, woolly

at base, not radiating, the scales wavy, membranous, ovato-lanceolate,

acuminate or acute, pale straw-colour, subpellucid.

Has. Magalisberg and Aapjes Riv., Burke § Zey.! Zey.! 880. (Hb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, densely leafy at base. Root leaves numerous, 5-6 inches

long, 3—? inch wide, tapering to both ends. Cauline leaves sessile, 2-3 inches long,

2-4 lines wide. The coating of the leaves may be peeled off as a thin, membranous,

white skin ; it finally splits longitudinally and peels off the upper surface. Mature

inflorescence 2—3 inches across, umbellate, of 40-60 heads. Inv. scales whitish.

86. H. allioides (Less. Syn. 299); stem erect, simple, leafy at the

base or below the middle, pedunculoid upwards, tomentose; subradical

leaves crowded, petiolate, varying from ovate to ovato-lanceolate, or

linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, 3-nerved, cauline

leaves sessile, 1-nerved, all white-woolly beneath, glabrous and smooth

above, the younger cobwebby on the nerves; heads very numerous

(50-100), crowded in a densely much-branched, flattened cyme, many-

fl., pedicellate ; invol. campanulate, imbricate, woolly at base, the scales

flat, ovate, the outer subacute, inner obtuse, variable in colour (pale-yel-

low, reddish-btown or straw). DC. 1. ¢. 198.

Has. Cape, Krebs, 145; Stormberg and Zwartekey, Drege! Uitenhage, Ecklon!

Natal, Krauss, No. 369, Gueinzius! Sutherland! &e. (Herb., Sd., Hk., D.)

Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves extremely variable in shape and comparative oo

and breadth: in some ovate, 2-2! inches long, 14 inch wide ; in some 4-6 inc

long, 1-14 inch wide; and in others 4-5 inches long, 3-4 lines wide. Petioles vary

from 1-5-6 inches in length, The nerves are generally obyious on both surfaces.

fnv. scales varying much in colour, not very glossy.

87. H. leiopodium (DC.! 1. c. 200) ; stem erect, simple, leafy to or

beyond the middle, tomentose ; radical leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceo-

late, acute at both ends, tapering at base into a glabrate petiole,

3-5-nerved, smooth above, cobwebby-tomentose and whitish beneath ;

cauline, sessile, lance-linear, acuminate ; corymb loosely much-branched;

heads subsessile; inv. campanulate, imbricate, nearly glabrous, its scales

shining, imbricate, roundish oval, very obtuse, erect, golden-yellow.

Var. 8. denudatum}; radical leaves glabrate beneath.

Has. Near Onzer, and betw. Gekau and Basche, Drege/ Caledon, Uitenhage,

Albany and Tambukiland, Ecklon! Var. 8. Bosjesveld, Mundt! Thaba Unka,

Burke § Zeyher 381. Vanstaadensberg and near Grahamstown, Zey.’ 2862. (Hb.

D., HkE., Sy"

Very like H. nudifolium (especially var. 8.) but more tomentose, with the upper

surfaces of the leaves quite smooth, not scaberulous, their bases not decurrent, &c.

I fear however that the characters are not constant. :

240 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

$8, H. nudifolium (Less. Syn. 299) ; stem erect, simple or branched,

leafy to or beyond the middle, scabrous or thinly woolly below, pedun-

cular and thinly woolly above ; root-leaves numerous, ovato-lanceolate

or linear-lanceolate, elongate, tapering to both ends, prolonged at base

into a petiole, 3—5-nerved, concolourous, above and on the prominent

nerves and veins beneath scaberulous, not woolly or cobwebbed; cauline

lanceolate or lance-linear, more or less decurrent, acuminate; corymb

much branched, spreading, thinly tomentose ; heads many-fl., subses-

sile ; invol. campanulate, nearly glabrous, its scales broadly oblong,

very obtuse, connivent, membranous, subpellucid, the outer rufo-fulvous,

inner yellow, or all yellow. DC. 1. c. 200, Gnaph. nudifolium, Linn.

Sp. 1196. Th.! Cap. 658.

Var. 8. obovatum; lower and medial cauline leaves 3-4 inches long, 14 inch

wide, obovate, suddenly acute, tapering at base, decurrent, 3-nerved above the base,

piloso-scabrid on both sides and on the margin ; upper leaves passing from obovato-

lanceolate to lanceolate, linear-acuminate and subulate along the peduncle, which is

thinly tomentose upwards ; immature involucres fulvous. (Herb. Sd.)

Has. Throughout the Colony and at Natal, common. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Commonly known as ‘‘ Hottentot Tea,” a name given to the allied species also.

Stem 1-2 feet high or more, brown, very thinly tomentose or nude. Root and lower

leaves 5-6 inches long, 4-14 inch wide, very harsh to the touch, quite green, with

prominent ribs and veins. Cauline leaves mostly very narrow, but varying from

lanceolate-acuminate to linear. Var. f. is founded on a single specimen collected

by £cklon, and now in Dr. Sonder’s possession, by whom it is regarded as a form

of H. quinquenerve. To me it seems rather referable to H. nudifolium, if it do not

show the necessity of uniting those species in one.

89. H. quinquenerve (Less. Syn. 300) ; stem erect, simple, tomen-

tose, leafy to or beyond the middle, pedunculoid upwards ; root-leaves

subpetiolate, oblong, attenuate at base, acute or acuminate, cauline

broadly ovate, strongly decurrent, above and along the margin scabrid; -

beneath thinly cobwebbed, becoming glabrate-scaberulous, 5-nerved, the

nerves prominent, scabrid, connected by prominent, netted veins;

corymb very much branched, spreading, woolly ; heads many-fl., sub-

sessile ; inv. campanulate, nearly glabrous, its scales broadly oblong,

very obtuse, connivent, membranous, subopaque, primrose or lemon-

coloured. H. nudifolium. y. plantagineum, DC. l.c., also H. multinerve,

DC.! 1. c. 199. Gnaph. quinquenerve, Thunb. Cap. 658.

Has. Near George, Mundt & Maire! Dr. Thom! Dr. Pappe! Vanstaadensberg,

Zeyher! Drege! Stormberg and Witberg, and in the Langekloof, Drege. Betw.

Maritzberg and Ladysmith, Gerr. & MWK 265. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ‘

Nearly allied to H, nudifoliwm, but with much broader, more ovate and clasping

stem leaves, 5 or several nerved, more strongly decurrent ; a more woolly stem, and

more rigid and opaque, less yellow inv. scales. De Candolle seems to have described

it under two names. Both his plants grow in the same localities.

90. H. miconiefolium (DC.! 1. c. 200); stem erect, simple, leafy

and tomentose throughout; radical leaves oval or ovato-lanceolate,

3-nerved, acute at both ends and tapering at base into a short or long,

hispid petiole, the younger ones cobwebby above, then glabrate-sca-

berulous, beneath tomentose (or glabrate) ; cauline sessile, lance-linear,

acuminate, erect, with revolute margins, quite smooth above, cob-

webbed or tomentose beneath ; corymb loosely much-branched ; heads

Helichrysum. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 241

subsessile ; inv. woolly at base, its scales glabrous, shining, loosely

imbricated, undulate, ovate, acute, subacuminate, golden or lemon-

yellow.

Has. Witberg, Drege! Albany Distr., Ecklon! Mrs, F. W. Barber, 506, (Herb.

Sond., D., Hk.)

Stem white-woolly throughout, 12-15 inches high, sometimes laxly leafy upwards

or imperfectly pedunculoid ; sometimes densely leafy to the corymb. Root leaves

sometimes on petioles 4-5 inches long; the lamina 3 inches long, 1-1} inch wide :

Sometimes on petioles scarcely an inch long. Usually the lower leaves are persis-

tently tomentose on the under side ; but in some specimens they become glabrous.

—Nearly allied to H. Krebsianum, but differing in the involucre, &c. This is also

called ‘‘ Kaffir Tea” (fide Mrs. #. W. B.)

91. H. Krebsianum (Less.! Syn. 308); stem erect, simple, leafy

throughout, setoso-scabrid and angular below, tomentose above ; sub-

radical leaves oblongo-lanceolate, tapering at base into a ribbed petiole,

on both sides piloso-setose, prominently 3-nerved, the cauline sessile,

broad-based, lance-linear, acuminate, with revolute margins, piloso-

seabrid above, beneath cobwebby ; corymb loosely much-branched ;

heads pedicellate, globose ; inv.-scales nearly glabrous, loosely imbri-

cated, oval, concave, obtuse, straw-colour, connivent. DC. l. ¢. 204,

and Hel. crassinerve, DU. 1. c. 199.

Has. Cape, Krebs, No. 154. Caftraria, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Stem 1-1} f. high. Root-leaves few, 2~3 inches long, $~} inch wide: cauline

numerous, 1~14 inch long, 1~3 lines wide. Heads 3-4 lines diam.—Compared by

Dr. Sonder with the original specimens in Hb. Berol., described by Lessing, who

had not seen the radical or lower cauline leaves.

92. H. subulifolium (Harv.); stem erect, simple, tomentose, leafy

nearly to the summit; radical leaves . . . . 3 cauline crowded,

from a broadish base linear-attenuate, hook-pointed, with strongly re-

volute margins, the lower ones 3-nerved, all piloso-scabrid above and

on the nerves beneath, at first thinly cobwebby-tomentose, becoming

glabrate; heads very many, in a much-branched, spreading corymb,

many-fl., subsessile ; inv. glabrous (or thinly cobwebbed at base), im-

bricate, its scales glossy, membranous, oblong, obtuse, concave, tawny

or horn-colour.

Has. Mooye River, Burke § Zeyher! Zey.! 882. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stem 1~2 feet high; the base and root-leaves not seen. Cauline leaves 4-5 inches

long, 1-2 lines wide, strongly revolute at margin, tapering to a sharp, recurved

point, the young ones hoary, the old glabrate, but very scabrid. Upper leaves

gradually smaller. Corymb 3-5 inches in diameter, its branches tomentose. Invol.

almost glabrous. Pappus pale. Fimbrils fulyous, subulate, longer than the achenes.

93. H. oxyphyllum (DC. 1. c. 199); ‘leaves along the lower part

of the stem sessile, half-clasping, from a broad base lanceolate-linear,

the lowest obtuse, the rest much acuminate, with subrevolute margins,

3-nerved, somewhat scabrid above, beneath (as well as the simple stem)

villoso-tomentose, whitish ; heads 50~G6o in a compound corymb; inv.

woolly at base, the outer scales purplish, the innermost scales oblong,

white-tipped, subacute.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Near the Gauritz River, Burchell, No. 4733.

*‘ Leaves 4 inches long, 6-7 lines wide, Stem 14f. high. Inv. woolly at base,

vou, Il. 16

242 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) | Helichrysum.

the outer scales purplish, the inner white and subacute at apex. Cor. yellow. Pap-

pus white. Fimbrils golden.” DC. 1. c.

94. H. cephaloideum (DC.!1.c. 197); stem erect, simple or branched,

white-woolly, leafy throughout; leaves on both sides white-woolly, the

radical oblong or lance-oblong, elongate, acute or obtuse, not much

narrowed at base, 3-nerved, the cauline sessile, lance-linear, acuminate,

erect, the uppermost subulate ; heads in a dense, subglobose fascicle or

densely corymbose cyme, campanulate, many-fl.; inv. scales glabrous

and glossy, flat, imbricated, scarious, lanceolate, acute, yellow.

Van. B. polycephalum (DC.) ; stem branched, branches erect, straight ; heads

and clusters smaller ; inv. scales rather blunter and less bright.

Has. Kaffirland, Ecklon! Betw. Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, and at Natal,

Drege! Natal, Dr. Grant! Gueinzius! 355, 593. Dr. Sutherland! Betw. Maritzburg

and Ladysmith, Gerr. § M‘K. 290. Var. B. Albany, Ecklon! Karrega river, Zey./

2877. Betw. Maritzburg and Ladysmith, Gerr.@ M‘K., 258, 263. (Hb., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 feet high, quite simple or branched below the middle. Rad. leaves

3-6 inches long. Lower cauline 3-4 inches long, 3-5 lines wide ; upper gradually

smaller, all very woolly and sharp pointed. Heads in var. a. very brilliant golden

or orange-yellow, with very sharp-pointed scales; in 8. smaller, much less bright,

in smaller clusters and with blunter scales. This last variety is most common in

the Colony, and the former seems prevalent in Kaffraria and Natal, but I have both

forms collected together by Gerr. § M‘Ken.

95. H. longifolium (DC.! 1.c. 198); stem erect, simple, white-woolly,

leafy throughout ; radical leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,

elongate, glabrous and 5-nerved on the upper, white-woolly on the

under surface ; cauline erect, linear-acuminate or subulate, woolly on

one or both sides ; heads campanulate, very many-fl., in a close or open

corymbose-cyme, pedicellate; inv. scales glabrous and glossy, flat, im-

bricated, scarious, oblongo- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, bright yellow.

Has. Between Omsamculo and Omtendo, Drege! Natal, 7. Williamson! Gerr.

§ M‘K.! 855, Dr. Sutherland! Kaboosie Mts., Br. Kaftraria, W.S.M.D Urban! 52.

Very nearly related to H. cephaloidewm, but differing in the discoloured root-leaves

and larger fl. heads. In an early stage the inflorescence is nearly as much condensed

as in H. cephaloideum, but afterwards becomes the h roe

Heads not unlike those of H. fetidwm. open, the heads on long pedi

96. H. appendiculatum (Less.! Syn. 308) ; stem erect or ascending-

erect, simple, loosely woolly or cobwebbed, leafy throughout ; leaves

loosely woolly and pilose on both sides, the radical elongate, 3—5-nerved,

the cauline lanceolate-oblong, half-clasping, acute or mucronate, the

uppermost erect, lance-acuminate, tipped with a scarious, glabrous and

withered point ; heads densely corymboso-cymose, crowded, pedicellate,

campanulate, many-fl.; inv. scales glabrous, pale-yellow or purplish,

flat, loosely imbricated, ovate, acute or acuminate, scarious, but not

glossy. DC.1.c 208. Also H. folliculatum, DC.! l.c.197. Gin. appen-

diculatum, Th.! Cap. 649 and Gn. humile, Th.! p. 655.

Var, B. discolor .) 3 leaves i = 3

soy much aominais, ucrroes Lediede, DELO

Has. Cape, Thunberg, &c. Common in Uitenhage and Albany, E. § Z./ Drege!

de. Var. B. Near Port Natal, Drege! Ki een ; -

857, &e. (Herb. Th.,D.,Sd,Hk) 398/ Plant) Gerr. § M'K.! 291, 54

Stems 1-2 f. high, simple or branched below the middle, loosely woolly. Leaves

Helichrysum.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 243

on both sides sprinkled with jointed, swollen, persistent bristles, and clothed. with

partially deciduous, loose, silky-woolly hairs in variable quantity, faintly 3-5-nerved.

Var. 8. chiefly differs in its much more taper-pointed, curved or recurved inv. scales ;

but this character is far from being constant, even on the same specimen. The leaves,

though glabrous and smooth above on some of Drege’s specimens, are in others variably

hispid and cobwebby, exactly as in var. a.

§ 14. DecurRENTIA. (Sp. 97-104.)

97. H. xerochrysum (DC.!1.c. 201); stem erect, simple, leafy in

the lower half, pedunculoid upwards, and as well as the Jeaves clothed

with rufous or fulvous wool; lower leaves broadly oblongo-lanceolate,

acute, narrowed to the base, upper lanceolate or lance-linear, acumi-

nate, strongly decurrent; corymb few-headed, subsimple; heads (rather

large), long pedicelled, woolly at base, campanulate, very many-fl. ;

inv. scales loosely imbricate in many rows, glabrous and glossy, rigidly

scarious, golden-yellow, lance-oblong, acute or acuminate.

Has. Between Zandplaat and Komga, Drege! (Herb. Hook., Sd.)

Stem 12-15 inches high ; the upper half peduncular, with 1-2 narrow, very erect,

depauperated leaves. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, {-1 inch wide, gradually

shorter, narrower, and more decurrent upwards. Heads 8-10 lines diameter ; outer

scales fulvous. Fimbrils whitish.

98. H. Mundtii (Harv.); stem erect, simple, leafy, tomentose, pani-

cled at the summit; lower leaves oblongo-lanceolate, subacute, very

much attenuate to the base, 3-nerved above the middle, upper linear-

lanceolate or linear, acute or acuminate, all glabrous on the upper,

white-woolly on the lower surface, and decurrent at base into a long,

narrow stem-wing ; inflorescence corymboso-paniculate, much and loose-

ly branched ; heads aggregate, subsessile, 20-25-fl.; inv. glabrous, im-

bricated, its scales erect, oblong, obtuse, cream-coloured, subopaque ;

recept. honeycombed and toothed.

Has. Wagenmaker’s Bosch, Swell., Mundt! (Herb. D., Hk.)

Stem 2-3 feet high, herbaceous, simple except for the panicled inflorescence.

Lower leaves 6-8 inches long or more, about } of the length forming the ing

base, below the forking of the nerves: the expanded — 3-1} inch wide. Upper

leaves shorter and narrower, less tapering at base. Panicle 6-12 in. long and wide.

99. H. Natalitium (DC. 1. c. 201); stem erect, simple, elongate, leafy,

shortly pedunculoid at the summit, and, as well as the leaves, loosely

(or thinly) whitish-woolly ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3-

nerved, tapering to each end, long-decurrent in a narrow wing ; inflo-

rescence corymbo-cymose, branching ; heads very densely crowded, ses-

sile, 10-12-f1.; inv. woolly at base, its scales loosely imbricate, oblong,

subacute, wavy, cream-coloured; recept. shortly honey-combed ; pappus

of very few, slender bristles.

Has. Port Natal, Drege / T. Williamson! Gueinzius! No. 350, Dr. Sutherland !

(Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high. Root leaves 5-6 inches long, } inch wide, much acuminate

and tapering at base ; cauline leaves 2-468 incheslong. Peduncle often branched,

each branch bearing 2-3 very dense cymes. Heads 2 lines long. Pappus very

scanty, sometimes none.

100. H. platypterum (DC. ! 1. c. 201); “stem erect, simple, below

16*

244 COMPOSIT (Harv.): [ Helichrysum.

rough with thick, glandular bristles, above loosely tomentose ; leaves

on the upper surface sparingly, on the lower along the nerves, and

specially at the margins, rough with thick, glandular bristles, oval-

lanceolate, on each side decurrent in a long, broad wing; corymb com-

pound ; heads 12—15-fl.; inv. ovate, the scales membranous, oval, very

obtuse, glabrous, rufescent; recept. scarcely honey-combed. DC. l. ¢.

Has. Between Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, 1-2000 f., Drege?

Of this I have only seen a frustule in Hb. Sond,

101. H. Gerrardi (Harv.); stem erect, branching, laxly leafy, gla-

brous and striate, smooth ; branches long; leaves linear-lanceolate,

acuminate, narrowed to the base, with revolute margins, quite smooth

and even on the upper, glabrous on both surfaces, all 3-nerved, decur-

rent at base into a long, narrow stem wing; infl. corymboso-cymose ;

heads (not mature) crowded, sessile, few-fl.; inv. glabrous, glossy, its

seales erect, oblong, obtuse, lemon-yellow.

Has. Nototi, Natal, W. 7. Gerrard/ 1001. (Herb. D.)

Very like H. stenopterum, but quite glabrous, with perfectly smooth (not scabrous)

upper surfaces of leaf. Flowers not seen,

102. H. stenopterum (DC.! 1. c. 201); stem erect, branching, laxly

leafy, cobwebby ; branches long ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate,

narrowed to the base, with revolute margins, scabrous on the upper,

white-woolly on the lower surface, the lowest 3- the upper 1-nerved,

all decurrent at base into a long, narrow stem-wing ; inflorescence

corymbo-cymose, branching; heads very densely crowded, sessile, 5—6-f1. ;

invol. glabrous and glossy, its scales membranous, erect, oblong, acute,

the outer tawny, inner lemon-yellow, all semi-pellucid.

Has. Betw. Omsamculo and Omcomas, and at Natal, Drege! Natal, Dr. Grant!

Gueinzius! Betw. Maritzburg and Ladysmith, Gerr. § M‘K./ 286. (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems straggling or subscandent, several (?) feet long, slender; branches 12-18

inches long. Kameal leaves an inch or more apart, 2~4 inches long, 2-4 lines wide,

the young ones thinly cobwebby, older glabrate, but scaberulous, deep green.

Heads innumerable, very small, rufous, tipped with gold. Recept. honey-com

the cells toothed. Pappus rough, : 2d . =

103. H. gymnocomum (DC.! 1. c. 202) ; stem rigid, erect or diffuse,

branching, branches ending in a long, leafless peduncle, tomentose ;

leaves long-decurrent, the lowest obovate, 3-nerved, subobtuse, mucro-

nate, upper oblong, the younger on both sides loosely woolly, the old

becoming nude above, setoso-scabrid ; cymes long-peduncled, very

densely much-branched, leafless; heads oblong, 5-6-fl.; inv. scales

erect, glabrous and glossy, oblong, concave, acute or subacute, fulvous-

yellow.

Var. 8, acuminatum (DC.) ; leaves longer, acuminate, more scabrid above ; inv-

scales less acute.

as Bebe. Eanes oe Saari B.. Leapiram: 4334, 4385. Cape —

, Ecklon ar. 8. Vans ens ; é 20.

Cost. sa Hk, D) B berg. gel Albert, 7. Cooper!

_ Very nearly allied to H. odoratissimum, from which it chiefly differs in its rather

longer involucre and flowers, and the fewer number of flowers in each head, and

subacute inv. scales. 8. is slender, and less woolly.

Helichrysum. } COMPOSIT (Harv.) 245

104. H. odoratissimum (Less.! Syn. 301) ; stem suffruticose at base,

erect, or diffuse, branching, branches tomentose, ending in a leafless

peduncle; leaves long-decurrent, spathulate, oblong or lanceolate, 1-3-

nerved, membranous, white-woolly, the older becoming nude above,

setoso-scabrid ; cymes more or less peduncled, densely much-branched,

the branches unibracteate ; heads subsessile, oblong, 10~12-fl.; inv.

scales erect, glabrous, oblong, obtuse, the outer shorter and fulvous,

inner yellow. DO. 1. c. 202. Gnaph. odoratissimum, Linn. Sp. 1196.

Gn. strigosum, Th.! Cap. 654. Gn. aureofulvuum, Berg. p. 257.

Var. a. acuminatum (DC.) ; leaves linear or lanceolate, acuminate.

Var. f. undulefolium (DC.); leaves much more woolly, oblong or obovate-oblong,

subacute, undulate shortly decurrent ; cymes dense, depressed-globose,

Var. y. lanatum (Sond.) ; stems trailing ; leaves very woolly, white, oblong and

undulate.

Has. Common throughout the Colony. 8. Caledon and Swellendam. yy. Uiten-

hage. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) -

Stem 4-14 f. high, erect or spreading, much branched. Leaves }-13 inch long,

2-4 lines wide. Cymes 1-3 inches across, variably compound, always very dense.

§ 16. Aprera. (Sp. 105-133.)

105. H. trilineatum (DC.! 1. c. 192); stem shrubby, much-branched,

branches tomentose ; leaves sessile, crowded, linear or oblong, very

obtuse, recurvo-submucronulate, on the upper surface longitudinally

3-5 lined, woolly beneath ; heads in dense tufts or corymbs at the ends

of the branches, subsessile or shortly pedicellate, ovate, 30~40-fl.; inv.

scales oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, bright-yellow,

the outer cobwebby or woolly at base ; recept. fimbrillate.

Var. a. glabriusculum; leaves glabrous above, thinly tomentose beneath ; heads

corymbose ; inv. scales obtuse. H. trilineatum, DC.! l, c.

Var. 8. tomentosum; younger leaves white-woolly on both sides, older glabrous

above; heads densely tufted, subsessile ; inv. scales sub-acute. H. alveolatum, DC. 1. c.

Var. y. brevifolium; leaves shortly oblong (4 lines long, 14-2 1. wide), thinly

tomentose above, more densely beneath, the hairs yellowish ; heads densely tufted,

subsessile; outer inv. scales rufous, acute, inner bright-yellow, very obtuse. (Hb. Hk.!)

Has. Witberg, 7-8000 f., Drege/ Lostafelberg, 6-7000 f.; and Compasberg,

Drege! Somerset, Dr. Atherstone! B. Witbergen, 6-8000 f., Drege! Basutuland, 7’.

Cooper, 714. Var. y. Mts. of Natal, 100 miles inland, at 6500 f., Dr. Sutherland!

(Herb. Hk., Sd.)

A stout, much-branched, small shrub, 6-12 inches high, variable in pubescence.

Var. 8. is dwarfer and much more copiously woolly, but too similar in general

characters and habitat to be regarded other than a more alpine variety. Leaves 6-8

lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Heads 2-2} lines long.’ The recept. is completely that

of a Lepicline.

106. H. cymosum (Less.! Syn. 302); stem suffruticose at base, branch-

ing, branches virgate, thinly canescent ; leaves half-clasping, slightly

decurrent at base, linear-oblong or linear, mucronate, 3-nerved, spread-

ing, woolly beneath, cobwebby or naked above, not scabrid; cymes

densely much-branched; heads subpedicellate, separate, 1o~12-f1.; inv.

cylindrical, glabrous and glossy, the scales closely imbricating, golden-

yellow, obtuse, the outer shorter. DC. 1. c. 202. Gnaph. cymosum, Linn.

~ Sp.1195. Th. Cap. 649. Berg. Cap. 258. Gn. tricostatum, Sieb. No. 206,

Dill, Eilth. fig. 128. Burm. Afr. t. 76, f. 3.

246 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Helichrysum.

Var. 8, minus (Sond.); leaves more closely set, much narrower and shorter,

linear ; cymes more contracted ; heads shorter and narrower. Zey. / 883.

Var. 7, pauciflorum ; leaves close-set, shortly oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, 3-

nerved, spreading or recurved, glabrous above ; heads 5-flowered. H. parviflorum,

var. aureum, DC.! (quoad exempl, Lckl.!)

Has. Throughout the Colony, and in Caffirland ; vars. a. and B., Natal, Gerr. §

M‘K. 293. Var. y. Cape, Burchell, 63,315, and 4216, Ecklon! (Herb. Th. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 feet hight, woody below, much-branched ; branches long and leafy

nearly to the cymes. Leaves in a. subdistant, 14 inch long, 2-3 lines wide ; in B.

3-3 inch long, 1 line wide, but obviously 3-nerved. Invols. very bright, the heads

not massed together and often shortly pedicelled. Var. y., referred to by DC. to

H. parviflorum, has all the essential characters of H. cymosum, except the smaller

fl. heads.

107. H. tenuiculum (DC. 1. c. 203); stems suffruticose at base, very

slender, flexuous, diffuse or ascending, branches long, suberect, tomen-

tose-canescent ; leaves half-clasping, subdecurrent, lanceolate-acumi-

nate, 3-nerved, fiat, thinly membranous, soon becoming glabrous above,

whitish-woolly beneath; heads 12-20 in dense, slightly-branched cymes,

short pedicelled, oblong, 10-12-fl.; invol. scales obtuse, glossy, close-

pressed, the outer fulvous, inner golden-yellow.

Has. Dutoitskloof, 3-4000 f., Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems weak and straggling, 1-2 feet long, in tufts ; branches 8-10 inches long,

erect, laxly leafy upwards. Leaves horizontally spreading or deflexed, green above,

of thin substance, {—1 inch long, 1-2 lines wide. Nearly allied to H. eymosum, but

very much more slender, with thinner leaves.

108. H. simillimum (DC.! 1. c. 203); stem suffruticose, slender,

branched, the branches virgate, erect, white-woolly; leaves half-clasp-

ing, imbricate, erect, on both sides whitish-woolly, ovato-lanceolate,

nigro-mucronate, 3-nerved, with subrevolute margins; heads many, in

crowded, branching, subglobose cymes, short-pedicelled, 12-15-fi., he-

terogamous, oblong ; inv. scales glabrous, oblong, yellow-fulvous, with

squarrose-reflexed, obtuse tips.

Has. Cape, Krebs, 211, fide Sond./ Kaffirland, Ecklon! between the Key and

Gekau, Drege / near Butterworth, Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker! (Herb. Sond. D.)

Stems branched from the base ; branches 8-10 inches long, closely leafy through-

out. Leaves } inch long, 2} lines wide at base, of thin substance, evidently 3-nerved

(when viewed by transmitted light) and also mucronate in Ecklon’s specimens. Heads

1} lines long ; inv. squarrose. According to Sonder, this agrees exactly with Krebs’

211, alluded to by Lessing in an obs. under H. capitellatum (Syn. p. 305). I have

not seen Drege’s specimens, which may come nearer to H, melanacme than those

here described. : J

109. H. melanaeme (DC.! 1. c. 203); stem suffruticose at base, very

slender, diffusely-branched, branches long, suberect, tomentose ; leaves

half-clasping, subdecurrent, lanceolate, one-nerved, nigro-mucronate,

with subrevolute margins, both sides albo-tomentose, the younger erect,

the old spreading or reflexed, at length denuded above ; heads 12-20,

in dense subglobose, nearly sessile cymes, short-pedicelled, oblong, about

12-fl.; inv. scales obtuse, glossy, close-pressed, the outer fulvous, inner

golden-yellow.

Bee ie 6-7000 ft., and Camdebooberg, 4-5000 ft., Drege! (Herb. D.,

A slender, apparently trailing, closely-leafy, thinly-woolly plant; young parts

Helichrysum. | COMPOSITA ( Harv.) 247

whitish. Leaves 4 inch long, 1 line wide. Heads 14 line long, like those of Z.

cymosum, DC. says the heads are “ 25-1. ;” not in the Camdeboo specimens at least,

110. H. parviflorum (DC.! lc. 203); stem shrubby, robust, much-

branched, branches virgate, thinly canous ; leaves sessile, broad-based,

linear or oblong, or lanceolate, one-nerved, on both sides canous-

tomentose, often recurvo-mucronate, and concave; heads very nume-

rous, in densely much-branched, flat-topped cymes, subsessile, 5-f1.,

homogamous, cylindrical ; inv. scales glossy, semi-pellucid, imbricate

in many rows, appressed, oblong, obtuse, pale-lemon coloured. ZH.

niveum, Less. ! Syn. 302. Gn. niveum, Linn. Sp. 1192. Gn. cernuum, Th.!

Cap. 654. Gn. parviflorum, Lam.

Van. 8. longifolium (DC.); leaves very long and narrow, acute, linear.

Var. y. latifolium (DC. ex pte.); leaves oval-oblong or elliptical, obtuse or

mucronulate.

Has. Western Districts, common. Vanstaaden’s River, Drege. Hassagayskloof,

Zey.! 2873, 2870. Var. y. Uitenhage, Eckl./ Between the Koega and Zwartkop’s

Riv., Zey./ 2871. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

_ A-small shrub, 1-2 feet high; branches 10-12 inches long. Leaves very variable

in length and breadth ; commonly }—1 inch long, 1-2 lines wide ; in 8. 1-1} inch

long, 4 line wide ; in . sometimes 1 inch long, 4-6 lines wide! Heads constantly

5-fl. and pale-lemon colour. Drege’s plant from Sneeuweberg, referred by DC. to var.

7-, is (in some Herbaria at least) H. subglomeratum, Less.

111. H. callicomum (Harv.); stem shrubby at base, branches virgate,

closely set with leaves throughout, and, as well as the leaves, densely

woolly; leaves sessile one-nerved, the lower obovato-spathulate, obtuse,

mucronulate, the upper passing from linear-oblong to lance-linear, acute

or acuminate, with subrecurved margins ; cymes loosely panicled, flat-

topped, much branched ; heads 2—4 at the ends of the pedicels, subsessile,

cylindrical, 4—5-fl., (2-3 herm., 2 fem.); invol. glabrous and glossy, its

scales appressed, imbricate in many rows, acute, pellucid, straw-colour,

the outer short, inner oblongo-lanceolate ; recept. narrow, short-toothed.

Zey.! 886.

Has. Mooye River, Burke and Zeyher. Basutuland, 7. Cooper/ 730. Zululand

Gerr § M‘K. 1035. (Hb. Hk. D., Sd.)

Stems 2~-3-ft. high. Branches 1-14-f. long. All parts thickly woolly, greyish.

Lower leaves 3-1 inch long, 2~3 lines wide at lip; upper 4—} inch long, the younger

erect, old spreading or reflexed. Panicle corymbose, 2-4 inches across. Inv. with

a glassy lustre.

112, H. aureo-nitens (Sch. Bip.); stems slender, subsimple, erect,

canous, leafy throughout ; leaves half-clasping, on both sides tomentose,

with subrecurved margins, one-nerved, the lowest obovate-spathulate,

the upper oblong, mucronulate ; heads 12-20, in dense, subglobose

cymes, 40—45-f1., subsessile ; inv. campanulate, imbricate, the scales

glabrous, semi-pellucid, very broad and blunt, yellow or tawny ; recept.

honey-combed and toothed. Sch. Bip. Comp. Krauss, p. 16.

Has. Port Natal, Dr. Krauss/ 280. Ranges 3-4000f. Dr, Sutherland. (Hb. D.

Hk., Sd.)

Probably growing in tufts, many stems from a woody crown. Stems 6-12 inches

high, the taller disposed to branch below the short-peduncled cyme. Leaves 1 inch

long, 2-3 lines wide, white, closely woolly. Inv. 14 line long.

248 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

113. H. subdecurrens (DC. |. c. 202); “stem suffruticose at base ;

leaves half-clasping, subdecurrent, linear, one-nerved, villous-tomentose

beneath, the lowest subacute, uppermost mucronate-acuminate; branches

leafless near the extremity, tomentose ; heads ovate, 8-g-fl., crowded

in a subglobose, compound cyme ; invol. glabrous, not radiating, the

scales closely imbricating, obtuse, fulvous-yellow.” DC. 7. ¢.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 5970.

Said to differ from H. cymoswm in the narrower, more acuminate, one-nerved

leaves ; ovate fi.-heads ; and very short fimbrils.

114, H. intricatum (DC.! 1. c. 204); stem suffruticose at base, slender,

nude; branches long, laxly leafy, tomentose and pedunculoid upwards ;

leaves half-clasping, sub-decurrent, broadly oblong, obtuse, membranous,

undulate, subrepand, setoso-scabrid, becomingnude above, loosely woolly

beneath; cymes pedunculate, leafless, crowded, branched, hemispherical ;

heads oblong, 7—9-fl., subsessile, woolly at base ; inv. scales shining,

oblong, obtuse, the outer fulvous, inner golden-yellow.

Has. Swellendam and George, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Stems weak and straggling, 1-2 f. long ; branches 10-12 inches long. Leaves an

inch apart, spreading, thin in substance, at first cobwebbed above, then green, but

scabrous, 7-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide. Cymes 1 inch across. Head 13 line long.

115. H. pannosum (DC.! 1. c. 204); the subsimple stem, leaves, and

peduncles densely clothed with interwoven, white wool; leaves distant,

the lowest cordate-clasping at base, oval-oblong, acute, the upper half-

clasping, linear-oblong, or lance-linear, acuminate; corymb loosely com-

pound or panicled ; heads clustered at the end of the pedicels, sessile,

woolly-based, about to-fl., cylindrical; inv. scales glabrous, ovate-acute,

closely imbricate, fulvous, with yellow tips or lemon-yellow.

Has. Between Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, and Omcomas and Omblas, Drege.

Umginto, Natal, Gerr. §. M‘K. 1036. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 2 feet high, flexuous, ending in a many-forked corymbose-cyme. “Leaves

1}-2 inches apart ; the lower 2} inches long, 1 inch wide; upper as long, only half

as wide, complicate. All parts clothed with white, closely interwoven wool. The

lower leaves are several-nerved ; but the nerves completely hidden under the wool.

116. H. maritimum (Less.! Syn. 304); stem shrubby, branched ;

branches long, woolly; leaves half-clasping, oblong or lance-oblong,

acute, nigro-mucronate, with subrecurved margins, softly hairy above,

woolly and whitish beneath ; heads many, in dense, flat-topped branch-

ing, bracteated cymes, 20-2 5-f1., campanulate ; outer invol. scales her-

baceous, dorsally silky, inner oblong, obtuse, scarious, opaque, with

spreading, straw-coloured tips. DC.1. c. 204. Gn. maritimum, Linn.

Th. Cap. 649, and G. molle, Th.! 653. Gn. dasyanthum, Willd. Gn. ser-

ratum, Linn. Sp. 1194. Burm. Afr. 76, f. 3.

Var. 8. microphyllum (DC.!); leaves much smaller, blunt, undulate, concolour-

ous, thickish, densely and equally tomentose on both sides.

Has. Sandy ground, near the coast in the Western Distr, Stellenbosch, Ecklon /

e- pe a en eee Drege! Var. B. Kamiesberg, Drege, Ecklon! (Hb-

3 i “) 7

_ Stem woody, erect or straggling, distantly branched. Leaves spreading, 3-'

inch long, 3-4 lines wide, pale-green above, grey-white beneath. Inner inv. scales

shortly radiating, pale straw-colour, not “ golden.”

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | 249

117. H. plebeium (DC.! 1. c. 206); stem shrubby, branches virgate,

closely leafy below, laxly leafy and tomentose upwards ; leaves sessile,

linear or oblong-linear, narrowed above the base, mucronulate, with

revolute margins, the younger on both sides woolly, the older cobwebby

above or glabrate ; heads many, in densely-branched, hemispherical

cymes, 12—15-fl,; inv. campanulate, the outer scales dorsally silky, the

inner longer, spreading, obtuse, tawny; fimbrils long, white.

Has. Cape, Burchell ! 6568 ; Swellendam, Mundt / Ecklon’ (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

A small shrub with something the aspect of H. anomalum, but having longer

leaves and hairy involucres, something like those of H. maritimum. Leaves 3-1

inch long, 1-2 lines wide. Cymes an inch diameter, subcapitate. Inv, 2 lines long.

118. H. anomalum (Less.! Syn. 303); stem shrubby, much-branched,

branches canescent ; leaves sessile, linear (rarely oblong), with revolute

margins, erect or erecto-patent, obtuse, on both sides albo-tomentose ;

heads many-fl., pedicellate, in simple or branching corymbs; inv. ovate

or obovate-turbinate, outer scales closely imbricate, rufous-brown, mem-

branous, glabrous, very obtuse, inner with spreading, golden-yellow,

opaque, obtuse tips; pappus of one or two short bristles. DC. 1. ¢. 204.

Gn. niveum, Th.! Cap. 654, non Linn, Manopappus anomalus, Sch. B.

Var. a. turbinatum; inv. obovate-turbinate, tapering at base, descending along

the pedicel ; leaves linear, erect.

Van. 8. ovatum; inv. ovate, obtuse at base ; leaves linear, erect or erecto-patent.

Van. y. brevifolium (DC.) ; inv. ovate, obtuse at base; leaves elliptic-oblong,

3~4 lines wide, with subrevolute margins, scabrous and densely woolly, with inter-

woven white hairs on both sides. (Herb. Sond.)

Has. Eastern Districts, common. Var. y. near Grahamstown, Ecklon! (Herb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A rigid, much-branched bush, 1-14 f. high. Leaves 6-8 lines long, not 1 line

wide. Heads 2 lines long in B. ; in a. tapering into the pedicel indefinitely.

119. H. hamulosum (EF. Mey.!); stem shrubby, branching, branches

tomentose; leaves crowded, sessile, linear, with a recurved point and

revolute margins, glabrous above, white-woolly beneath ; heads in dense,

branching or simple, terminal corymbose-cymes, subsessile, about 5-11,

homogamous; invol. oblong, not radiating, imbricate, its scales pale-

yellow, glabrous and glossy, erect, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, all

similar. DC. 1. c. 192.

Has. Nieuweveld, on hills, &c., near Bokpoort, 3500-4500 f., Drege/ Cape,

Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

A small shrub, about a foot high, the lower part of stem nude ; the branches and

leafy and woolly. Leaves }—1 inch long, 4 line wide, one-nerved. Recept.

fimbril-toothed, not “naked,” as stated by DC. Very near H. Kraussii, but the

involucres are longer (3 lines long), and scales more acuminate; the flowers all

hermaphrodite, and the leaves very constantly hook-pointed.

120. H. Kraussii (Sch. Bip.! Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 679); stem shrubby,

robust, branches virgate, thinly canous; leaves sessile, linear, with

strongly revolute margins, mucronate, at first cobwebby, afterwards

glabrate above, tomentose beneath ; heads very many, in densely much-

branched, flat-topped cymes, subsessile, 5-fl. (4 herm., 1 fem.), cylindri-

cal; inv. scales glossy, semi-pellucid, appressed, imbricated, oblong, sub-

acute, pale lemon-yellow or straw-colour. Sch. Bip. Comp. Krauss, p. 15.

250 COMPOSITE (Harv.) | Helichrysum.

Has. Natal, Krauss/ 459, Mr. Hewitson! Delagoa Bay, very common, Capt.

Speke! (Herb. D., Hk.)

1-2 feet high, with many long, virgate, closely leafy branches. Leaves spreading

or reflexed, 7-9 lines long, 3-} line wide, the whole under surface often completely

hidden by the strongly revolute margins. Heads 1}~2 lines long, not unlike those

of H. parviflorum, but heterogamous, with rather more acute scales. Still more

nearly allied to H. hamulosum.

121. H. teretifolium (Less.! Syn. 312); stem shrubby, much branch-

ed, branches closely leafy ; leaves sessile, linear, rigid, with revolute

margins, recurvo-mucronate, glabrate above, tomentose beneath ; heads

many-fi., subsessile or pedicellate, in simple or branching corymbs ;

invol. subglobose, glabrous, loosely imbricate, the outer scales tawny

or rufous, short, membranous, inner paler (creamy), undulate, spreading,

very obtuse ; fimbrils twice as long as the ovary. DC./ 1. c. 205. @n.

teretifolium, Linn. Th.! Cap.644. Gin.ericoides, Lam. Burm.Afr.t.77,f: 3+

Var. B. Natalense; inv. scales ovate, acute or subacute, all rufous, or the inner

paler. Krauss/ 291.

Has. Throughout the Colony and in Caffraria. f. Natal, Krauss/ Sutherland!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A much-branched, ramulous bush, a foot or more high. Leaves 4-8 lines long,

2 line wide, spreading, mostly hook-pointed. Heads sometimes on long pedicels,

commonly subsessile. Inv. sometimes very pale, creamy; sometimes cinnamon-

brown ; commonly 2-coloured, the outer scales deeper in colour. Var. 8. only differs

in its acute inv. scales. Gn. heterophyllum, Th.! referred here by Lessing, belongs,

according to Herb. Thunb. to H. erosum.

122. H. rugulosum(Less.!Syn. 307); stemsuffruticoseat base, branches

long, simple, densely-leafy, whitish ; leaves sessile, wrinkled and cob-

webby above, white-woolly beneath, three-nerved, the lower oblong,

acute, the upper lanceolate, acuminate, with subrevolute margins ; heads

many-fl., in simple or branched corymbose-cymes, subsessile or pedi-

celled ; inv. slightly cobwebbed at base, campanulate, loosely imbricate,

the scales broadly oblong, membranous, undulate, obtuse, rufous, squar-

rose, the innermost paler, spreading; fimbrils short. DC. 1. ¢. 205.

Has. Plettenbergs Bay, Mundt § Maire. Assagaysbosch, Albany, Zeyher. Uit-

cubase, Si) Bushman’s River, Ado, and the Zuureberg, &c., Drege! (Herb.

., Hk., Sd.

Stems branched near the base; branches 10-15 inches long, leafy throughout.

Leaves 1-1} inch long, 2 lines wide ; sometimes the upper ones very long and nar-

row, } line wide. Inv. either pale, tawny, reddish, or brownish-purple. Less woody

and branching than H. teretifoliwm, with broader leaves. Sometimes confounded

with H. eroswm, but always to be known by its involucre. Heads 35-40-fl.

123. H. capitellatum (Less.! Syn. 305); stem suffruticose at base,

branches long, erect, tomentose, laxly leafy ; leaves broad-based, half-

clasping, oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, loosely woolly on

both sides (the old becoming naked above); heads in densely much

branched, subglobose cymes, 12-15-fl., heterogamous ; inv. glabrous,

campanulate, scales loosely imbricated, squarrose, undulate, submem-

branous, obtuse, rufous or cream-coloured; fimbrils long. DC.1.¢. 206.

Graph. capitellatum, Th.! Cap. 653.

Has. Table Mt. sides, Bergius, Eckl.! Cape Flats, Wallich/ French Hoek, Thunb.

Common in the Western Districts, Swellendam, Mundt, &c. (Hb. Th. D., Hk., Sd.)

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) | 251

Allied to H. rugulosum in foliage and involucres ; but with much smaller fl. heads,

longer fimbrils, &c. Leaves spreading or deflexed, 3-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide at

base. Heads 1} line long. Dreye’s specimen of “ H. capitell. B. mollius, DC.” in

Hb. Hook. is a more woolly state of this species ; but specimens also from Drege,

and similarly marked in Hb. Sond., belong to H. eroswm, -y. concolorum.

124. H. erosum (Harv.); stem shrubby, much branched, branches

whitish, leafy ; leaves sessile, linear or oblong, the broader 3-nerved,

the narrow 1-nerved, all subacute or obtuse, whitish-tomentose on the

under, glabrous or cobwebby on the upper surface (in var. y. woolly on

both sides) ; heads numerous, in simple or branching corymbs, subsessile,

20-fl., heterogamous; inv. oblong, glabrous or glossy, not radiating, the

scales closely imbricated, concave, erect, obtuse, cream-colour or rufous ;

fimbrils short. Hel. rosum, Less. Syn. 306. DC.l.c.p. 205. Gn. rosum,

Berg. Cap. 260. Gn. stoechas, Th.! Cap. 647, non L., also Gn. hetero-

phyllum, Th. !Cap. 644.

Var. a, angustifolium; lowest leaves narrow oblong, upper linear.

Var. 8. latifolium; lower and medial leaves oblong, distinctly 3-nerved; upper

lanceolate.

Var. y. concolorum (Sond. !); leaves on both sides densely white-woolly. H. con-

colorum, DC.! l.c. p. 206,

Has, Cape, Thunbery, Krebs. 130,209. Paarlberg and Bosjesveld, Drege/ Stellen-

bosch, Swellendam, and Uit., Ecklon/ Uitenhage and Albany, common. Var. y.

George, Swell., and Uit., Eckl.’ Vanstaadensberg, Zey./ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very variable in foliage and pubescence: constant in its involucre. Except in

being copiously woolly, H. concolorum does not differ, and this character varies very

much in different specimens. Dr. Sonder informs me that a specimen in Hb. Berol.

marked by Lessing as “‘ H. rosum” entirely agrees with DC.’s concolorum. I venture

to substitute “erosum” for the unmeaning ‘‘ rosum” of authors. Bergius, with whom

this latter word originated, says of the leaves “ margine reflexo-wndulato dentatis ;”

a character nearly synonymous with erosis. The ‘‘e” apparently dropped out by a

printer’s error.

125, H. Dregeanum (Sond. and Harv.); stem half-shrubby, slender,

diffuse, branching, branches closely leafy ; leaves sessile, lance-linear or

linear, one-nerved, with revolute margins, on both sides loosely woolly

or nude above ; heads 3—4 or several, corymbulose, subsessile at the

ends of the branches 20-25-fl., heterogamous; inv, glabrous, campanu-

late, its scales imbricate, membranous, pellucid, very obtuse, rufous;

recept. with short, toothlike prominences. WH. scabrum, DC.! non Less.

(quoad specim. Drege!) p. 205.

Has. Cape, Hb. Ecklon! Stormberg, 5~6000-f., Drege! Witteberg, Albert, 7.

Cooper, 617. (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

A small, slender shrublet, with diffuse or trailing stems, anderect branches. Leaves

imbricating, 4—6 lines long, 4-13 line wide. Heads 2lineslong. De Candolle’s descript-

ion does not agree with * specimens, in which the leaves are neither “densely

punctato-scabrid ” nor “‘ hispidulous ” nor ‘‘acuminated.” Mr. Cooper's specimens

are rather less woolly, more luxuriant, and with as many as 12-20 heads in a corymb.

126. H. tricostatum (Less. Syn. 310); stem shrubby, branches spread-

ing, virgate, tomentose; leafy nearly to the summit; leaves tapering to

the base, minutely petiolate, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acute, with

subrecurved margins, 3-nerved, thinly tomentose, the uppermost narrow

and one-nerved; heads in dense, branching, flat-topped cymes, 20-f1.,

252 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Helichrysum.

cylindrical ; inv. scales imbricate, erect, bullated, obtuse, pale horn-colour

orcreamy,semipellucid. DC. /l.c.209. Gn. tricostatum, Th. ! Cap.p.657-

Has. Picketberg, Thunberg! Olifantriver, Drege’ (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Branches 1-2 feet long, straight, laxly leafy, the upper leaves narrower, continued

to the base of the inflorescence. Stems white. Leaves }-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide;

the petiole 1 line long. Heads 24 lines long, narrow, woolly at base. Recept.

fimbrilliferous.

127. H. revolutum (Less.! Syn. 305); stem shrubby at base, branches

woolly, leafy and ramulous, leaves half-clasping, oblong or linear-oblong,

above cobwebby and scaberulous, beneath densely woolly, with revolute

margins, mucronate, heads numerous in much-branched, loose, corym-

bose-cymes, about 25-fl, heterogamous; inv. campanulate, glabrous,

scales closely imbricated, glossy-subpellucid, erect, broadly oblong, very

obtuse, rufous or horn-colour ; fimbrils short. DO. 1. c. 206. Gn. revo-

lutum, Th.! Cap. 652. Also H. leiolepis, DC.! 1. c. 187.

Has. About Table Mt., Bergius. Rietvalley, Mdt. ¢ Mre. Groenekloof and

Paarl, Drege! Zwartland, Ecklon/ Brackfontein, Ecklon’ Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! (Hb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-14 f. high. Leaves spreading or reflexed, 1-14 inch long, 2-4 lines wide,

at length generally denuded above but persistently rough, with small, raised points ;

sometimes densely woolly on both sides. Inv. 24 lines long. I have compared

Ecklon’s original specimens of “ H. leiolepis” DC. and find them absolutely identical

with ordinary H. revolutum, which varies in the paler or deeper colours of the inv. scls.

128. H. scabrum (Less.! Syn. 312 non DC.); stem suffruticose, much-

branched, the branchesspreading, thinly tomentoseand glandular; leaves

half-clasping, slightly decurrent, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, the lower-

most tapering at base, obtusely repand, undulate, with revolute margins,

above glandularly-hispid or very seabrid, beneath glandular, cobwebbed

or naked ; heads in simple or branching, loose corymbs, pedicellate,

campanulate, 20-25-fl.; inv. scales glabrous, oblong, very obtuse, pel-

lucid, pale horn-colour, fulvous at the extremity. Gn. scabrum, Th.!

Cap. 655. Hel. repandum, DC.! 1. c. 203.

Van. 8. scaberrimum ; stems and leaves echinate-scabrous, very rough, glandular.

Var. y. microphyllum (DC.) ; more woolly and less glandular ; leaves shorter,

narrower, more strongly repand, with fewer gland-bristles.

Has. Caledon and Worcester, Ecklon’ Namaqualand, V. Schlicht/ p. Caledon,

Ecklon! y. at Kamiesberg, Drege! (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

A bush, about 1 foot high, ramulous, and resinous gland-dotted. Leaves 4-1 inch

long, 1-3 lines wide, spreading, the upper ones with strongly revolute margins.

Heads 24 lines long. ; “ei oi

129. H. petiolatum (DC. |. c. 208); stem shrubby or suffruticose,

branches woolly, naked and pedunculoid at the extremity ; leaves pe-

tiolate, ovate, obtuse or subacute, woolly-tomentose ; heads in densely-

branched, woolly corymbose-cymes, subglobose, glabrous; inv. scales

oblong, obtuse, cream-white. Gn. petiolatum, Linn., non Th.

Has, Essenbosch, Burchell, 4825. Swellendam and George, Ecklon! Sneeweberg;

Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) ;

Stems 2 or more feet long, flexuous, loosely branched. Petioles }-} inch long,

slender, clasping at base ; lamina }-1 inch long, 4-8 lines wide, greenish above, the

nerves not obvious through the wool. Corymbs 1-2 inches across, Allied to H.

crispum but with distinctly petioled, flat leaves.

Helichrysum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 253

130. H. hypoleucum (Harv.); stem shrubby or suffruticose, branches

widely spreading, quite woolly, more or less pedunculate attheextremity;

leaves on narrowly winged petioles which expand at base into clasping

auricles, cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, 3—5-nerved, the young ones

cobwebby, the adult nude and glandularly scabrous above, all very white-

woolly beneath, membranous; heads in dense, subglobose, glomerate,

woolly cymes, sessile, about 12-fl., heterogamous ; inv. woolly at base,

the inner scales oblong, obtuse, cream-white.

Has. Drakensberg, Orange Free State, 7. Cooper, 1025. Umgate and Ingoma,

Natal, Gerr. &. M‘K. 1005. (Herb. D.)

Stem slender, straggling, 2~5 feet high. Branches terete, flexuous, snow-white.

Leaves on winged, clasping petioles, }~-1 inch long; the lamina 1-14 inch long, 3-1

inch wide, full green above, snow-white beneath. Heads few-fl. in globose tufts,

nearly 4 inch diam. Female fl. 3-4. Teeth of recept. subulate, yellow.

131. H. crispum (Less. Syn. 310); stem shrubby or suffruticose,

branches widely spreading, woolly, more or less pedunculate at the ex-

tremity; leaves half-clasping and eared at base, fiddle-shaped, obtuse,

undulate, thinly woolly above, white-woolly beneath; heads in densely-

branched, woolly, corymbose cymes, subglobose, glabrous; inv. scales

oblong, obtuse, cream-white or primrose colour. DC. 1. ¢. 208. Gn.

crispum, Linn. Gn. divaricatum, Berg. Cap. 250, Th.! Cap. 657. G.

polyanthos, Th. l. c. (but not p. 643). Gn. auriculatum, Lam. non Th. —

Var. £. citrinum; inv. scales pale citron or primrose-colour. Zey. / 2875.

Has. Round Capetown and on the Flats. Paarl, Drege! Zey./ 2861. Var. 8. on

the Cape Flats, Wallich! Zeyher! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ;

Stems 2-4 feet long, flexuous, with widely spreading branches, all parts woolly.

Leaves 3-14 inch long, very wide at the extremity, contracted in the middle, ex-

panded and stem-clasping at base. Heads as in H. petiolatum.

132. H. auriculatum (Less.! Syn. 311); stem shrubby or suffruti-

cose, branches widely spreading, woolly, pedunculoid at the extremity;

leaves half-clasping and eared at base, fiddle-shaped, obtuse, subundu-

late, thinly woolly above, white-woolly beneath ; heads in rather loosely

branched, woolly (commonly few-headed) corymbose-cymes, many-fi.,

subglobose, glabrous ; invol. scales ovate, acute or subacute, somewhat

radiating, milk-white or rufous, DC.l.¢. 209. Gn. auriculatum, Th.!

_ Cap.657. Gn. patulum, Berg.

Var. 8. panduratum ; leaves very large, much less constricted below the middle,

the wide extremity 3-nerved, mucronate, thinly tomentose ; cymes very much branch-

ed, many-headed ; heads smaller, inv. scales less acute, G. g¢ M‘K.! 2 56, 273, 856.

Has. Table Mt. and neighbouring hills, Thunb., Burchell, Ecklon! W. H. H.!

Simon’s Bay, C. Wright / 320, 361; Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Pappe/ R. Zonderende,

Zey.! 2860; Omsamwubo and Omsameaba, Drege! Var. 8. near D’Urban, and also

betw. Maritzburg and Ladysmith, Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K./ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very like H. crispwm, but with somewhat larger fi. heads, laxer inflorescence, and

more spreading and acute inv. scales. Var. 8. has the dense, many-headed inflor-

escence of H. crispum, but larger heads, and very large and broad leaves, rather

slightly contracted below the middle. Stems 2-4 feet long. Leaves }-14 inch

long ; in 8. 14-2} inches long, 1-14 inch wide above, 4-3 inch wide in narrow part.

133, H. Zeyheri (Less.! Syn. 309); stem suffruticose, branching ;

branches virgate, white-woolly ; lowest leaves obovate, narrowed at base

sub-petiolate ; cauline and rameal leaves sessile, oblong, oyate-oblong or

254 COMPOSITE (Harv.) | Helichrysum.

obovate, acute or acuminate, callous-mucronate, one-nerved, on both

sides closely and densely white-woolly ; heads cylindrical, 5-fl., in branch-

ing, terminal corymbose cymes, subsessile; invol. glabrous, its scales _

erect, 3—5-stichous, close-pressed, not radiating, oblong, obtuse or trun-

cate, snow-white; recept. narrow, fimbrilliferous.

Var. a. Zeyheri (DC.); root leaves obovate; cauline subundulate, broad-based,

oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse or acute; wool copious. H. Zeyheri, DC.! 1. ¢. 196.

Var. 8. intermedium (DC.); lower cauline leaves obovate, tapering much at base,

upper subundulate, obovate-oblong or oblong, obtuse, or acute; wool rather copious.

H. Burchellii, B. intermedium, DC. 1. c. 196.

Var. y. Burchellii (DC) ; lower leaves cuneate, upper oblong or lance-linear, mostly

acute, partly infolded, scarcely undulate ; wool less copious and closer. H. Burchellit,

a. complicatum, DC.! l. c. 196.

Has. Var. a. Winterfeld, Beaufort, Ecklon! Heerelogement, Zey./ 888. Dutoits

Kloof and Paarl, Drege! Paarl, Rev. W. Elliott! Winter Hoek’s Berg, Dr Pappe!

Lamberts Kloof, Wallich! 8. Karroo and Zwarteberg, Drege! George, Ecklon!

Algoa Bay, Zeyher! Var. y. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell, 2506. Uitenhage,

E.&Z.! Brackriver, Zey./ 884 and Rhinosterkop, Zey./ 885. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems woody at base, 8-12-18 inches high, branched in the lower part ; the branches

erect, elongate, mostly virgate, leafy throughout. Leaves rather close, thickish, $-1

inch long, 2-6 lines wide, very variable in shape in different specimens. Lower

leaves almost always obovate; medial varying much ; uppermost narrow, oblong or

linear. All parts are canescent, but the wool is sometimes close, sometimes more

loose. Heads 2-3 in a cluster, collected in branching cymes, 1-14 inch across ;

each head 2 lines long, not a line diam.—I find it impossible to keep H, Burchellii,

DC. separate by any tangible character.

§ 17. CHionosTeMMA. (Sp. 134-135.)

— 184. HL vestitum (Less.! Syn. 314); shrubby below, suffruticose above,

stem and leaves very thickly clothed with whitish, interwoven wool ;

ers leaves oblong or linear-oblong, or tongue-shaped, nigro-mucronate, the

os uppermost on the fl. branches tipped with a scabrous-membranous scale ;

we” ~ heads (large) terminal, solitary or aggregated, very many-fl.; invol.

ve globose, radiating, glabrous and glossy, scales snow-white, loosely im-

bricating in very many rows, all lanceolate, acuminate; recept. clothed

with acuminate, scale-like fimbrils, longer than the ovaries; pappus

bristles concrete at base, minutely rough. DC./ J. ¢. 209. Hel. speciosum,

Thunb. ! Cap. 664, excl. syn. pl. Xeranth. vestitum, Linn. Sp. 1201, non

Th. Hel. lanatum, Schrank. Xeranth. variegatum, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 384;

non Berg. Burm. Afr. t. 66, f. 1. Leucostemma lingulatum, Don. (leaves

wider and less densely woolly).

Has. Rietvalley, ius. Drakensteinberg, Drege! Near Capetown, also in

Worcester and Caledon, eek ! Hott-holland, Hundt? Simon's Bay’ . Wright, 374

376, W. H. H., Dr. Hooker, &c. Zwarteberg, Zey.! 865. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, robust, densely leafy; branches short or long, erect, virgate,

laxly leafy, the upper leaves smaller, and degenerating to bracts, tipped with a white

scale. Leaves 2-24 inches long, }-1 inch wide. Heads an inch diameter.

o ag

135. H. Ecklonis (Sond.!); stems short, herbaceous, ascending-erect,

with the leaves thickly clothed with Joosely interwoven wool; subradi-

cal leaves lance-oblong, tapering much at base, nigro-mucronate, cauline

linear or lance-linear, acute, the uppermost sometimes tipped with a

scale ; heads (large) terminal, solitary, very many-fl.; inv. globose, radi-

ating, glabrous and glossy ; scales whitish (“pale straw,” Sond.), loosely

TTelichrysum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 255

imbricating in many rows, all lanceolate, acuminate ; pappus bristles

scarcely concrete at base, serrulate along the whole bristle, and barbel-

late near the extremity ; corolla yellow.

Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Stems 4-5 inches long, simple, incurved. Radical and subradical leaves 23-3 in.

long, 4~5 lines wide ; cauline shorter, narrower, and more acuminate, Dr. Sonder

has the following note on this plant :—‘* De Candolle considers this as falling under

H. vestitum, B. ligulatwm, but from other specimens of that variety, as well as from

the primary form, this differs by its humbler habit, much looser wool, and invol.

scales pale-straw (not shining-white), But the specific differences become much

more evident, when the flowers are accurately examined. For in H. vestitum the

fi. are yellow in their lower, purple in their upper half ; in /. Ecklonis altogether

yellow. In 4. vestitum the pappus bristles are united at base into a broad, glabrous

ring, the serratures remote and very short, and toward the apex the bristle is evi-

dently clavate ; in H. Ecklonis the bristles are scarcely united at base, along their

whole length armed with close-set serratures, more than thrice as long as the diame-

ter of the bristle, and towards the apex scarcely thickened. Achenes in both plants

similar. This therefore, certainly, is a distinct species.” [I admit the differences,

as pointed out by my colleague, but do not regard them of specific value. —W.H.H.]

§ 18. Epmonpra. (Sp. 136-137.)

- 186. H. humile (Andr. Bot. Rep.t.652); ascending, branches curved

upwards, leafy throughout ; leaves from a clasping base, subulate, rigid,

pungent or obtuse, glossy, round-backed, the uppermost (on the flower

branches) scale-bearing or reduced to membranous scales; inv. turbi-

nate, the scales rosy, lanceolate-acuminate, radiating, the medial stipi-

tate; fimbrils linear, very short; achenes smooth; pappus clavulate,

finely serrated. Less./ Syn. p. 322. Helipterum humile; DC. l.c. 322.

Aphelexis humilis, Don. Helichrysum sesamoides, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 425.

LH. spectabilis, Lodd. Cat. t. 59.

. Has. Crevices of rocks on mts., Table Mt., and Stellenbosch Mts.; Simon’s Bay,

Milne! Baviansberg, Genadendal, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems diffuse, 6 inches to 2 feet high. Leaves very variable in length, sometimes

uniformly 2-3 lines, sometimes 3-1 inch long, shining, glabrous, with wool in the

axil. Invol. scales varying from pale flesh-colour to deep rose-red. The pappus is

scarcely serrulate, but gradually thicker upwards.

137. H. sesamoides (Thunb. ! Cap. 661) ; erect, suffruticose, laxly

branched ; branches virgate, incurved, leafy throughout ; leaves half-

clasping, subulate, rigid, glossy, acute or obtuse, keeled, the lowest long

and filiform, spreading, the rest short, close-pressed, those under the

heads scaly membranous; invol. campanulate or subturbinate, all the

scales lance-acuminate, except the outermost shortly stipitate or sub-

sessile, lustrous; fimbrils longer than the ovaries; achenes mostly gra-

nulate; pappus barbellate. Xeranth. sesamoides, Linn,

Var. a. Wildenowii ; inv. scales white or rosy; fimbrils bristle-shaped, very slen-

ae ‘<* a Less. ! Syn. 322. Helipterum sesamoides, DC. l.c. 214. Burm.

Var. 8. heterophyllum ; invol. scales white, or the outermost brown-tipped ; fim-

brils broadish, fiat or conduplicate and keeled (variable in breadth). Hel:pt. hetero-

phyllum, DC. 1. c. 214. Xeranth. fasciculatum, var. Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 279.

Van. y. fasciculatum; inv. scales pale lemon-yellow or primrose, the outer ful-

vous; fimbrils as in 8. Helipterum fasciculutum, DC.! 1. c. 214. Xer. fasciculatum,

Andr. Rep. t. 242.

256 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Helipterum.

Van. 3. filiforme ; inv. scales pale lemon-yellow, the outer fulvous, ‘“‘ inner scales

more or less obtuse’ (Less.) ; fimbrils as in 8. Helipt. filiforme, DC. l. c. 215.

Helichr. filiforme, Less. !

Has, Rocky, mountain situations, in the Western Districts, common. (Herb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 feet high, slender. Lower leaves loosely set, 1-2 inches long, flexuous ;

upper 2~3 lines long, closely applied to the stem. Invol. lustrous, satiny, variable

in colour, white, rosy, pale-lemon, or mottled. Heads 1-1} inch across, very hand-

some. The above four vars. are precisely similar in all respects, except in the trivial

differences assigned to each: and these I find variable. The fimbrils are not to be

depended on ; all breadths may be found, if a sufficient number of heads be exa-

mined. I have no hesitation therefore in restoring the old Linnzan species in place

of the four into which it has been split.

LXXIX. HELIPTERUM, DC.

Character the same as in Helichrysum, except: Pappus plumose !

Heads in the Cape species homogamous. ecept. honeycombed. DC.

Prodr, 6, p. 211.

Suffrutices or herbaceous plants, natives of Africa and Australia. Stems and

leaves woolly. Leaves alternate, simple, entire. Heads showy, 10 or many-fl., with

white, yellow, red or purple, glossy scales. The name is a contracted expression

for a Helichrysum with a plumose pappus. As a generic group it must be regarded

as purely artificial ; there is no difference in habit from Helichrysum, and, among our

Cape species, Helichrysum argenteum is closely similar to Helipterum argyropsis ;

and Helichrysum vestitum to Helipt. speciosissimum. DO.’s section ‘* Edmondia”

having serrate, not plumose pappus, is removed to Helichryswm ; many species of

Helichrysum have similar pappus.

Sect. 1. — nay a ogee and glossy, ovate, oblong or lanceolate,

ing or close-lying. . 110.

papa et at tus oats of ~ ae branches :

Inv. scales not yellow :

Heads nodding. Inv. scales obtuse... ... ... (2) variegatum.

Heads erect. — =e — :

Heads on leafless peduncles... ww... 1) speciosissimum.

Heads on closely leafy branches : =

Lys. small (2-10 lines long) ... ... 4) canescens,

Lys. 14-2 inches long, 3-4 lines wide £4 Zeyheri,

Inv. scales lemon-yellow :

Fl. branches leafy throughout. Inv. sc. acute... ferrugineum.

FL branches pedunculoid at top: (5)

Heads 12-15-fl. Inv. scales acute ... ... (6) virgatum.

Heads many-fl. Inv. scales obtuse ... ... (7) ¢itrinum,

Heads corymbose, on branching peduncles : :

Inv. scales spreading, white, acute. Lvs. spathulate (8) argyropsis.

Inv. scales close-lying, obtuse. Lvs. ovate or lanceolate,

Heads oblong, 10-12-fl., innumerable ... ... (9) phlomoides.

Heads globose, 50-60-fl., ruby-red... ... ... (10) eximium,

Sect. 2. SyncarpHa. Inv. scales woolly at base, close-lying and erect, ending in

a reflexed or spreading, membranous point. (Sp. 11-12).

Lvs. obovate or oblong. Tip of the inv. scales broad, obtuse,

BODY TOU no be ahs aaa wks Son sa ee eee ee (11) Dregeanum.

Lys. linear. Tip of the inv. scales very narrow, acuminate,

strongly reflexed§ 2.1. s:+ see eve - see eee - sen (42) BRR

_1. H. speciosissimum (DC.! 1. c. 211); stem robust, suffruticose,

simple or sparingly branched ; branches closely leafy for about half

their length, pedunculoid upwards, densely and softly white-woolly as

well as the leaves; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong, half-clasping, acute,

Helipterum. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 257

‘one-nerved, thick; heads solitary, peduncled, very many-fl. ; inv. cam-

. panulate, loosely radiating, the outer scales sessile, ovate or ovato-lan-

ceolate, inner stipitate, elongate, lanceolate-acuminate. Helichr. specio-, .

sissimum, Willd. Less.! Syn. 315. Hel. Steehelina, Thunb.! Cap. 664. \\”

AXeranth. speciosissimum, Linn, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 51. (Ex

Var. 8, angustifolium (DC.) ; more slender, with longer peduncles; leaves linear,

2-3 lines wide. DC. 1. ¢. 212. H. seminudum, Sch. Bip. Bot. Zeit. 27, 692.

Var. y, glabratum; toment yellowish ; leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so,

laxly woolly above; inner inv. scales less acuminate. H. glabratum, Sond/ in Linn.

23, p. 66.

Var. 5, polycephalum; stem divided at the summit into many short, scaly, sub-

pedunculoid, one-headed branches ; leaves lance-linear, woolly on both sides ; inv.

scales narrow-lanceolate, acuminate (whiter than in a), the inner shorter and bluntish.

Has: Table Mt., and the Cape Flats, common. Simon's Bay, C. Wright, 373.

- Kirstenbosch, Zey./ 8. Klynrivierkloof, Zey.! Genadendal, Pappe! &c. y. Klynrivier-

kloof, Zey./ 2839. 5, near Swellendam, Heklon! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems 6-12 inches to 2 ft. high, branched chiefly near the base ; branches erect, ‘

simple, in 3. multifid at the summit. Leaves 14-2 inches long, }—} inch wide,

: mostly acute. Heads 13 inch across. Iny. scales a dull, ochraceous white, brighter

in 6. Recept. deeply honey-combed and toothed.

2. H. variegatum (DC.! 1. c. 212); stem robust, suffruticose, simple ~/.

or sparingly branched; branches imbricated with leaves throughout,

the upper leaves gradually smaller, and membrane-tipped, the lower

narrow-oblong, sessile, subacute, on both sides densely and softly woolly ;

heads solitary, nodding, very many-fl.; inv. campanulate, loosely radi-

ating, the scales obtuse, oblongo-lanceolate, the very-innermost much

shorter than the medial. Helichr. variegatum, Thunb.! Cap. 663. Less.

Syn. 316. H. speciosum, Th.! ex pte. Hel. spirale, Andr. Rep, t. 262.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Tulbagh, Drege! Worcester and Stellenbosch, Ecklon!

Howhoek, Mundt/ Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 375. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 f, high; branches, when any, virgate. Whole plant closely shaggy, with

whitish or fulvous wool. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 3-4 lines wide, very closely set,

gradually smaller upwards, all the upper ones tipped with a lanceolate, membranous,

glabrous scale. Heads 14-2 inches across. Inv. either white, or the scales tipped

with brown, or rusty, glossy.

PA [es L

8. H. Zeyheri (Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 66); stem robust, shrubby ; {qw

branches closely leafy throughout ; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, narrowed te 4

to the base, the uppermost lance-linear, imbricated, erect, obtuse or *” b ee

subacute, very densely and softly woolly, one-nerved ; heads terminal, \“*}

1~3 together, subsessile or short peduncled ; inv. scales radiating, rosy- \

' purple, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the outer and inner short. Dvetr. | :

£1. Univ. Comp. t. 5. ©.

Has. Grassy places, on hills at mouth of Klynrivier, Zey./ 2845. (Hb. Sd.,D.) yy!

Stems short, 6-8 inches high, divided into several erect branches. Leaves2 inches |) ~'

long, 3-4 lines wide, the upper shorter and narrower. Heads in the specimens seen, r

which are immature, subsessile, ending leafy branches; but probably, in mature »

specimens, shortly peduncled, the pedune. sparsely scaly. To the foliage of H. varie-

gatum this joins the invol. nearly of H. canescens ; and in its 1- or 3-headed branches

it unites the corymbose with the one-headed species.

: 4, H. canescens (DC.! 1. c. 212); stem suffruticose, sparingly branch- ~..””

ed; branches virgate, closely leafy throughout ; leaves (small), oblong cake

7 Se

VOL. Il. 17

258 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Helipterum.

or obovate, acute or obtuse, callous-tipped, woolly canescent on both

sides, imbricating and very erect, or squarrose, the uppermost often

bearing membranous scales or reduced altogether to scales ; heads soli-

tary, erect ; inv. turbinate or campanulate, radiating, scales rosy or

red-brown and white, the outer ovate, sessile; medial stipitate, lanceo-

late-acuminate, very innermost short, obtuse, truncate or bidentate.

Helichrysum canescens, Willd. Thunb.! Cap. 663. Less.! Syn. 318.

Xeranth, canescens, Linn. Bot, Mag. t. 420.

Var, 8. imbricatum; dwarf, ramulose; leaves very small; outer and medial inv.

scales red-brown ; inner white. HH. imbricatum, Th./ Cap. 663. H. canescens, var.

microphyllum, Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 66.

- Has. Western and N. W. districts, frequent. 8. Cape, Thunberg/ Klynriver’s

Berg, Zey./ 2852. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 3 inches to 1-2 ft. high, straggling, variably branched. Leaves rarely 1

inch, commonly 3-4 lines long, very variable in size and shape, sometimes spreading,

but most commonly erect and close-pressed, the uppermost depauperated. Heads

when fully open an inch across. Inv. scales either pure white, rosy, deep red or

mottled with red, brown and white. De Candolle enumerates 6 varieties, differing

slightly in foliage and colour of involucre. The most distinct is Thunberg’s H. im-

bricatum, with brown and white involucres and very small leaves.

5. H. ferrugineum (Sond. and Harv., nec Less.! nec DC.!); stem

robust, suffruticose, sparingly branched ; branches virgate, closely leafy

throughout ; leaves (rather small), oblong, subacute, callous-tipped,

woolly canescent on both sides, imbricating, erecto-patent, the upper-

most reduced to membranous scales; heads solitary, erect, many-fl. ;

inv. campanulate, radiating, the scales lemon-yellow or tawny, lancco-

late-acuminate, the innermost short, acute or acuminate. Xeranthemum

Serrugineum, Lam. Enc. IIT. p. 237, fide Willd.! Herb. No. 15530. Heli-

chrysum ferrugineum, Pers. Syn. 2, 414? (not of Less. Syn.) “ H. canes-

cens, an var. imbricat.? b.” Herb. Drege. Helipterum spinulosum, Turcz.!

Bull. Mose. 1851, p. 197.

Has. Cape, Mundt! E. § Z./ Drege! (Herb. Sond., Hook.)

Nearly allied to H. canescens, from which it differs by its rather larger fl. heads,

yellow involucre, and all the scales, even the innermost acuminate. I adopt this as

the true ferrugineum on the authority of sheet No. 15,530 of Herb. Willd., compared

by Dr. Sonder with E. d& Z.’s specimens. H. ferrugineum, Less.! Syn. 317, described

evidently from a specimen in Herb. ‘Thunb., and at first named “ Helichrysum citri-

num” by Lessing, is our H. citrinum. H. ferrugineum, DC. (according to the dis-

tributed specimens of Z. § Z. and Drege) is Helichrysum squamosum, Thunb.

6. H. virgatum (DC.! 1. c. 213); stem suffruticose, much branched ;

branches virgate, closely leafy beyond the middle, pedunculoid upwards,

densely woolly as well as the leaves; leaves narrow-oblong, half-clasping,

subacute, callous-tipped, concave or infolded, one-nerved, thick, the

uppermost minutely scale-tipped; heads solitary, peduncled, 12-15-fl.,

erect; inv. campanulate, loosely imbricate, radiating, the scales shining-

lemon-coloured, the outer broadly ovate, short, obtuse, the inner oblongo-

lanceolate, acute or subacute. Helichrysum virgatum, Willd. Less.! Syn.

318. Th.! Cap. 663, ex pte. Pteronia pauciflora, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1697-

Has. Thunberg! Bosjesvelde, Mundt! Swellendam, Ezelbank and

fifeiieg bs, Drege! (Herb. Th, D., Hk.) age

1-1} feet high, sometimes very bushy. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1-2 lines wide,

Helipterum.] COMPOSITA (Harv.) 259

commonly infolded, whitish or rusty at tip. Heads scarcely half inch in diameter,

few-flowered. Scales sometimes rusty.

7. H, citrinum (Harv. andSond.); stem suffruticose, sparingly branch-

ed; branches virgate, closely leafy to or beyond the middle, pedunculoid

upwards ; densely woolly as well as the leaves ; leaves oblong, half-clasp-

ing, obtuse, scarcely narrowed to the base, one-nerved, thick, the upper-

most tipped with a minute scale; heads solitary, peduncled, many (25-40)

fl., erect ; invol. campanulate, imbricated, all the scales very obtuse, the

outer oval, sessile, inner stipitate, elongate, oblong. Helichrysum ferrugi-

neum, Less.! Syn. p. 317. Helichrysum citrinum, Less.! MSS.in Herb. Thb. f

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Langekloof, Mundt. and Maire., Bowie! Pikenierskloof,

£.§Z.! Betw. Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege! (Hel. virgatum, c.), Kardow, Zey!

863, ex pte. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sond.)

Very similar to H, virgatum, but more robust, with flatter and broader leaves,

larger fl. heads, and much blunter inv. scales. It was confounded with H. virgatum

by Thunberg and De Candolle.—Zeyher’s specimen (863) exactly agrees with the

specimen in Hb. Thunb. quoted by Lessing, and marked by him ‘‘citrinum, n. sp.?

a virgato diversum.” Some of Zey.! 863 specimens belong to H. virgatum.

8. H. argyropsis (DC.! 1. c. 211); stem suffruticose, corymbosely

branched ; branches leafy throughout, clothed, as well as the leaves with

close-lying, white, interwoven wool ; leaves oblongo-spathulate, obtuse or

subacute, greatly narrowed to the base, erecto-patent, one-nerved, thick;

heads corymbose, pedicellate, many-fl. ; invol. campanulate, loosely im-

bricate, scales shining-white, the outer ovato-lanceolate, sessile, the in-

ner on a gradually longer, coloured (dark-red) stipe, bearing an ovato-

lanceolate, acute, snow-white limb.

Has. Swellendam, Dr. Thom! Caledon and Swellendam, Ecklon! Dr. Pappe!

Cape L’ Aguillas, Drege? (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Robust 2-3 ft. high, much branched. Toment. thick, interwoven, snowy. Corymbs

subsimple, 3-5~8 headed. Heads about } inch across. Inv. externally quite white ;

the coloured claws of the inner scales hidden by the outer ones. Pappus plumose.

Recept. fimbrilliferous.— Very similar in aspect to Helichrysum argenteum, but differ-

ing in generic character.

9. H. phlomoides (DC. ! 1. c. 213); stem robust, shrubby ; branches

closely leafy throughout; leaves ovate or oblongo-lanceolate, acute or

acuminate, densely and softly woolly, half-clasping, one-nerved; heads

extremely numerous, oblong, ro—-r12-fl., ina much branched, corymbose

panicle, bearing many membranous bracts (depauperated leaves) ; inv.

not radiating, its scales oblong, erect, flat, obtuse, white or pale-rosy ;

recept. covered with rigid, subeoncrete fimbrils, longer than the achenes.

Helichrysum phlomoides, Spreng. Less.! Syn. 320. Gnaph. milleflorum,

Linn. Thunb.! Cap. 658. Gn. phlomoides, Lam.

Has. Uitenhage and Albany, Thunberg!, E § Z./ Genl. Bolton, &c. Zuureberg,

Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) :

Stem and leavesasin H.eximium. Inflorescence 6-8 inches in diameter, excessively

branched. Heads 4 inch long, } inch diameter, quite white or pale-rosy at tip.

Pappus united in a ring at base, feathery.

10, H. eximium (DC.! 1. c. 213); stem robust, shrubby; branches

closely leafy throughout; leaves (large) broadly ovate or elliptical, acute

or acuminate, very densely and softly woolly, half-clasping, 1-nerved ;

iz”

260 coMPosIT& (Harv.) [Gnaphaliwm.

heads globose, corymbose; invol. not radiating, its scales concave, ap-

pressed, bright crimson, very obtuse. Helichrysum eximium, Less.! Syn.

319. Gnaph. eximium, Linn. Bot. Mag. t. 300. Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 654.

Bot. Reg. t. 532.

Has. Districts of Caledon, Swellendam and George, Thunberg! Drege! Pappe! &e.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) : : :

A very woolly small shrub. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 14-2 inches wide, very

thick and soft. Corymb sessile or subsessile, many-headed, dense, not much branched.

Heads 4-3 inch diameter, ruby-red. Flowers yellow, about 60, Much used at the

Cape as an “ everlasting” for winter nosegays, Xc.

11. H. Dregeanum (DC.! 1. ¢. 214); suffruticose, irregularly branch-

ed, tomentose ; branches leafy to the summit; leaves half-clasping, obo-

vate or oblong, obtuse, callous-tipped, recurved at the point, often

infolded ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong ; invol. scales woolly

at base, imbricated, erect, produced into a broad, lance-oblong, obtuse

or subacute, ruby-red, torn-edged, spreading or reflexed appendage.

Has. Cape, Dr. Thom / Zwellendam, Onder-Roggeveldt and Zeederberg, Drege /

(Herb. Hk., D.)

1-2 feet high, rather robust, not much branched. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 3-5

lines wide, more or less obovate, obscurely 1-nerved. Heads 3 inch long, nearly 4

inch across. Tips of the inv. scales as bright as in H. eximium.

12. H. gnaphaloides (DC.! 1. c. 213); suffruticose, much branched,

snowy-white tomentose ; branches ascending, leafy, the flowery ones

naked at top; leaves narrow-linear, long-channelled, obtuse ; heads

solitary, peduncled, oblong, many-fl.; inv. scales woolly at base, imbri-

cated, erect, produced into a very taper-pointed, narrow, red-brown,

reflexed appendage. Stehelina gnaphaloides, Linn. Leyssera squarrosa,

Th.! Cap. 691. Helichrysum stechelinoides, Less.! Syn. 321. Gnaphali-

um modestum, Hook. Bog. Mag. t. 2710.

Has. Sandy sea-shore and hill-sides near Capetown and Simonstown. Also in

Worcester and Stellenbosch, common. (Herb., Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-1} foot high, woody at base ; the branches long, simple, curving upwards,

somewhat corymbose. Leaves 2-24 inches long, scarcely 1 line wide, thickish.

Heads about 4 inch long, 4 inch across. Readily known by its strongly reflexed,

taper-pointed iny. scales.

LXXX. GNAPHALIUM, Linn.

Character the same asin Helichrysum, except, marginal female flowers

filiform, in several rows, or much more numerous than the central,

perfect flowers. Recept. nude. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 222.

Herbaceous mostly annual plants, with the aspect of the small-flowered species

of Helichrysum. Foliage woolly. Inv. scales, in the Cape species, either white, or

pale-horn or straw-colour. Name from yvapaaor, soft down or wool.

Leaves decurrent, lance-linear, green above; stem tall .., (1) undulatum.

sessile or amplexicaul, not decurrent:

Inv. scales with snow-white, spreading tips:

Lys. oblong-lanceolate or obovate; inv. scales short (2) candidissimum.

Lys. linear or narrow-spathulate; inv. scales longer (3) micranthum.

Inv. scales pale straw-colour or horn-colour:

Stems prostrate or trailing, rigid :

Gnaphalium. | composiT# (Harv.) ~ 261

Cobwebby, or nude; Ivs. obovate-oblong ... (5) prostratum.

Stems erect, or ascending: (annual).

Tall; cauline leaves half-clasping ... ..._... (6) luteo-album.

Minute annuals; cauline lys. not clasping :

Leaves narrow-linear, or subspathulate:

Lvs. thickish ; inv. scales subacute (7) pauciflorum.

Lvs. thin; inv. scales emarginate... (8) glomerulatum,

Leaves obovate or obovate-spathulate:

Inv. scales oblong, very obtuse ... (9) parvulum,

Inv. scales lanceolate, acute ... ... (10) confine,

1, G. undulatum (Linn. Sp. 1197); stem herbaceous, tall, erect,

branched above, cobwebbed ; leaves decwrrent, lance-linear, green and

scabrous above, white-woolly beneath; heads tufted, sessile, the tufts

numerous, in a much branched, corymbose panicle; heads 30-40-f1. ;

inv. scales glabrous, pale yellowish, oblong, obtuse or subacute. Less.

Syn. 331. DC.l.¢. 226. Dill. Elth. t. 108.7. 130.

Has. Caledon, Swell., Uitenhage and Albany, #.g§ Z./ Paarl, Drege! Natal,

Drege! Gerr. and M‘K, No, 260. Zwartkops R., Zey./ 2883. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.,Th.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high, almost woody at base. Leaves 14 inch long, 2-3 lines wide,

acute, their base decurrent as a wing to the stem. Panicle much branched. Heads

2 lines long. Achenes minutely granulated. Female fl. numerous.

2. G. candidissimum (Lamk.); very white, softly and closely silky-

tomentose ; stems erect or diffuse, branched from the base, leafy through-

out; leaves sessile, oblongo-lanceolate or spathulate, tapering much at

base, obtuse, concolourous ; heads densely glomerate at the ends of the

branches, sunk in wool, about 20-fl.; inv. scales linear, with spreading,

short, obtuse, snow-white tips. Less. Syn. p. 328. DC./ 1. c. 229. G.

dealbatum and G. maculatum, Thunb.! Cap. 652, 651.

Has. Western and midland districts, Thunberg, Mundt, E. Z.! Drege! &c. Sandy

Flats near Capetown and Simonstown ; Zwartkops R., Zey./ 2886. (Herb. Th.,

Hk., D., Sd.)

Root fibrous, perennial (?). Stems 3-12 inches long or more, mostly decurrent at

base, then eréct, simple or branched. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 2—3 lines wide. Heads

small, like those of Helichr. declinatum. Female fl. numerous. Pappus serrulated.

8. G. micranthum (Th.! Cap. 651); albo-tomentose ; stems sub-erect

or diffuse, slender, branching, leafy throughout; leaves sessile, linear-

lingulate or spathulate, mucronate, acute or subacute, concolourous ;

heads glomerate at the ends of the branches, sessile, woolly at base ;

inv. scales linear, with radiating, oblong, obtuse, snow-white tips. Zess./

Syn. p. 329 DC./ 1. ¢. 229.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Plettenberg’s Bay, Mundt § Maire ; Worcester, Stellen-

bosch, and Uitenhage, #. Z.! (Herb., Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

- Very near G. candidissimum, but more slender, with narrower leaves, and longer

iny. scales, the radiating apex 2-3 times as long as broad.

4. G. repens (Linn. Mant. 283); white-woolly ; stems many from the

crown, slender, suffruticose, decumbent or prostrate, branching, leafy.

throughout ; leaves sessile, crowded, short, linear-spathulate, mucro-

nate; heads 2—5-together, in tufts at the ends of the twigs, sessile;

invol. scales spreading, linear, elongate, horn-colour, opaque, obtuse or

subacute. Zhunb./ Cap. p. 647. Less.! Syn, 330. DC. 1. c. 230. G.

acilepis, DC. l. c. 230.

262 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) ([Gnaphaliwm.

Has. Sea-shore near Capetown, Thunberg! about Port Elizabeth, Zeyher ! 2890,

ex pte. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 6-12 inches long or more, trailing. Leaves close, 2-3 lines long, 1 line

wide, slightly narrowed at base. Heads 2} lineslong. @. acilepis, DC., quite agrees

with Thunberg’s (. repens.

5. G. prostratum (Thunb.! Cap. 652); stems prostrate, slender, very

much and closely branched, cobwebby, becoming nude, leafy throughout;

leaves sessile, obovate-oblong, obtuse, thinly tomentose, becoming nude;

heads 3-6, glomerate at the ends of the short branchlets, woolly at base,

few-fl.; inv. scales linear, spreading, elongate, horn-colour, obtuse.

Less.! Syn. 330, DC. l.c. 230. G. prostratum and G. debile, Th.!

™ 8) the Carroo, Onder Bokkeveldt, Thunberg/ Cango, Mundt § Maire. (Hb.

Root annual? Stems many from the crown, 3-6 inches long. Leaves 2-3 lines

long, 1-1} line wide. Much less woolly than G. repens, much more branching, with

broader and more obovate leaves. The root, too, is said to be annual.

6. G. luteo-album (Linn. Sp. 1196); annual, herbaceous, variably

woolly or cottony ; stem ¢a/, erect, subsimple or diffusely branched ;

lower leaves obovate or oblongo-spathulate, tapering at base, obtuse,

cauline half-clasping, linear or lance-linear, acute, with subrecurved

margin ; heads tufted, the tufts either clustered at the ends of the

branches or disposed in cymes or panicles; inv. scales scarious-hyaline,

straw-colour, obtuse or subacute. DC.l.c. 230. #. Bot. t. 1002. 1.

Dan. t. 1763. .

Has. Eastern Districts and Natal, frequent. Zey/ 2885. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very variable in size and woolliness. Stems 6 inches to 2 ft. high, the taller ones

weak and . Leaves 1-1} inch long, 2-4 lines wide. Heads several in a

tuft, each head 24 lines long. Inv. scales glossy and very thin. A widely dispersed

plant, found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, St. Helena and Brazil.

_ 7. G. pauciflorum (DC.! 1.c. 229); annual, stem very dwarf, branch-

ing, woolly ; leaves narrow-linear, elongate, coriaceous, acute, white-

woolly ; heads sessile in the upper axils and terminal, somewhat tufted ;

Inv. scales horn-colour, hyaline, subacute.

Has, Round Capetown, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

1-2 inches high, white-woolly, simple or branched, erect. Root small, fibrous.

‘Leaves 4-3 inch long, 4 line wide, of thickish substance, opaque. Heads with very

few perfect and many female flowers. Pappus white.

8. G. glomerulatum (Sond.! MSS.); annual, many-stemmed ; stems

erect, filiform, loosely woolly ; leaves linear or spathulate, membranous,

4-nerved, subacute or obtuse, loosely woolly ; heads sessile in terminal

clusters surrounded by many linear floral leaves (like those of the stem);

inv. scales horn-colour, hyaline, lance-linear, emarginate, subuniseriate ;

perfect fl. 6-8 ; females very numerous.

Has. Cape, Ecklon & Zeyher! (Herb., Sd.)

_ Asmall annual, with the habit of Lasiopogon micropicides. Stems 2-3 inches long.

‘Leaves 4—6 lines long, } line wide, of thin subpellucid substance. Inv. scales flat,

ribbed below, varying from linear to lance-linear, always minutely and bluntly bi-

de at the apex. What seems a starved condition of this, scarcely an inch

high and very slender in all parts, occurs also in Hb. Sond.

9. G. parvulum (Harv.); annual, slender, erect or diffuse, branching,

Amphidowa. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 263

white-woolly; branches threadlike, flexuous ; leaves scattered, obovate,

tapering much at base, acute or mucronate; heads tufted at the ends of

the branches, or subsessile or pedicelled, in the upper axils; iny. cylin-

drical, few-fl., woolly at base, the inner scales oblong, obtuse, hyaline,

glabrous; female fl. 15-16, perfect 2-3.

Has. Cape, Drege! Steen Tulbagh . P Zey.

2887. (Heb D., Hk.) ee

Root fibrous, Stems 3-6 inches high, irregularly branched. Leaves nearly $ inch

long, 2-3 lines wide. Heads about 20 fl., very few hermaphrodite flowers. A specimen

in Hb. Hook. from Drege, marked “Gn. micranthum, Th.? a.” belongs to this species.

10. G. confine (Harv.); annual, slender, erect, many stemmed, branch-

ing, loosely white-woolly; branches corymbose upwards; leaves scattered,

spathulate-obovate, tapering much at base, acute, mucronulate; heads

tufted at the ends of the branches, or axillary, 40-50-fl.; inv. spreading,

the scales pluriseriate, loosely imbricate, horn-coloured, hyaline, lanceo-

late, acute; fem. fl. numerous.

Has. Linde, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

Very like G. parvulum, but with different inv. scales and more flowers in the head.

Stems 2-3 inches high, divided near the base, ramulous near the summit. Heads

copious. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1-2 lines wide.

Doubtful Species,

G. lasiocaulon (Link, Enum. h, her. 2, 317); “tomentose; leaves

linear, acute, curved; headsfasiculate-corymbose, peduncled; inv. scales

white, acute, shrubby. DC.7.¢.p.237, No. 102.

G.? cicatrisatum (Vahl.); “leaves linear-lanceolate, keeled; corymb

compound, dense.” DC. 1.¢c.p. 237, No. ror. Genus and habitat alike

uncertain.)

G.? acuminatum (Link); “shrubby ; branches pubescent ; leaves

linear lanceolate, with very long sharp points, glabrous above, thinly

tomentose beneath ; heads corymbose, cylindrical ; inv. scales very ob-

tuse.” DC.i.c.236,No.g0. (Doubtful whether a Cape or an Australian

species ; its genus also uncertain !)

LXXXI. AMPHIDOXA, DC. ;

Heads many-fi., heterogamous, discoid, the marginal fl. very slender,

female, numerous (in several rows) ; disc fl. perfect. Recept. flat, naked.

Inv. imbricate, campanulate, the outer scales close-pressed, inner longer,

radiating. Achenes oblong, granulated, those of the marginal fi. without

pappus; of the dise with few (5-6) caducous bristles, barbellate at the

apex only. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 246.

A singl ies, with the aspect of a small Helichrysum (such as H. declinatum)

or of = Sisshalion, os rag both genera by the want of pappus to the

inal flowers. Thename is compounded of aug:, rownd about, and Sofa, opinion ;

because the affinities are various with several genera.

1, A. gnaphaloides (DC. 1. c.).

Has. Near Uitenhage, Ecklon / Port Elizabeth, Zey./ 2890, ex pte. (Herb. D.,

Hk., Sd. os é

Dice divnicheat or trailing, turning up at the extremities, 8-12 inches long,

264 comPosIT& (Harv.) [ Lasiopogon.

subsimple, suffruticose, flexuous, thinly woolly, closely leafy throughout. Leaves

sessile, oblongo-spathulate, mucronate, undulate, thinly silky-canescent or cobwebby,

r-nerved. Heads shortly pedicelled, in terminal, close corymbs. Invol. campanu-

late, glabrous, 2 lines long, the outer scales brownish, the inner milk-white, obtuse,

LXXXIl. ERIOSPHARA, Less.

Heads collected in globose, densely woolly glomerules, about ro-fl,

homogamous, the fl. 5-toothed, terete, glabrous. Aecept. flat, naked. Inv.

scales in few rows, linear, enveloped in wool. Achenes narrow-obovate,

angular, minutely granulated. Pappus caducous, of few very slender,

hair-like bristles, smooth below, toward the apex beaded with swollen.

roundish cells. Less./ Syn. p.270 (non DC. Prod. 6, p. 166).

Only one species. A small, many-stemmed herb. Name from epioy, wool, and

cpaipa, a globe; woolly head.

1. E. Oculus Cati (Less.! Syn. p. 270). Harv. Thes. Cap. t.149. Gn.

Oculus Cati, Linn. Suppl. 364. Gn. Oculus, Thunb.! Cap. 657.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Thunb.)

Root annual? Stems slender, filiform,,prostrate, dichotomous, cobwebby, at

length glabrate. Leaves scattered, obovate, narrowed at base, membranous, obtuse,

loosely woolly, the older becoming nearly nude. Glomerules sessile, surrounded by

several floral leaves, similar in shape and size to the cauline, but more woolly. Heads

from 12-20 in each cluster, their discs separated by broad rims of white wool. Inv.

scales in I~2 rows, narrow-linear, acute or obtuse, sometimes toothed at the trun-

cate apex. .Pappus of a very few, flexuous, slender hairs, quite naked for at least

{ their length, near the summit on each side crenulated (or beaded) with opposite,

swollen, pearly cells.—Of this curious little plant there are good specimens in Herb.

Thunberg, from which ZLessing’s description is obviously taken. De Candolle’s ** E.

Oculus-Cati” is quite different in habit, inflorescence, and pappus, and is, as well

as the other species of Hriosphera, DC., not only a true Helichrysum, but identical

with H. marifolium, DC.!

LXXXII. LASIOPOGON, Cass.

Heads glomerated, many-fl., heterogamous, the marginal-fl. filiform,

females in one or more rows, disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect. Recept. naked,

flat. Jnv. in few rows, linear, scarious, immersed in wool. Achenes

obovate, subcompressed, glabrous. Pappus in a single row, feathery,

with very long pinnules. DC. Prodr.6. 246.

Minute, woolly annuals, Heads in globose clusters at the ends of the branches.

Leaves spathulate or obovate, alternate, variably woolly. Pappus with very long

plumes to its bristles. Name from Aacws, woolly and mwywv, a beard. These little

plants can only be known from Eriosphera Oculus Cati by the us and heteroga-

mous heads; in all external characters they are almost Wate .

1. L. micropoides (DC. 1. c. 246); heads with about 20-25 perfect,

and 15-18 female flowers, Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 150.

Var. a; copiously woolly ; leaves obovate or spathulate. L. micropoides, DC.! lc.

Var. 8; cobwebby, the stems glabrate; leaves narrower. L.molluginoides, DO.1.c.

_ Has. Betw. Zilverfontein, Kooper-bergen and Kaus, Drege! 8. near Verleptpram,

on the Gariep, Drege. Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Branched from the base, 1-3 inches high, suberect, the branches ending in globose,

woolly glomerules of 8-12 heads. Leaves 3-5 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, thinly

val Closely resembling Z. muscoides with larger fi,-heads, and fewer female

flowers in proportion to the perfect ones, but more erect.

Metalasia.| COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 265

2. L. muscoides (DC.! lc. 246); heads with few (5-6) perfect, and

many (30-50) female, marginal flowers in several rows. Gnaph.muscoides,

Desf, Atlant. 2, p. 267. 231. Lasiopogon lanatum, Cass. Bull. Philom.

1818, p. 75.

Has. Tarka, FE. & Z.! S. Africa, Drege. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Stems 1-3 inches long, many from the crown, diffuse or prostrate, closely much

branched, very woolly. Leaves spathulate, 3-5 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, very

woolly. Tufts of heads ending all the branches. Iny. scales obtuse, testaceous.

This little plant, besides being found in North Africa, occurs in several parts of

Central Asia and in 8. Europe. Itis much more closely branched, more procumbent

and woolly than Z. micropoides, with which, in Drege’s distribution, it is confounded.

It is easily known by the few perfect and many female fl. in each head.

LXXXIV. METALASIA, R. Br.

Heads few or many-fl., homogamous; all the fl. tubular, 5-toothed,

perfect. ecept. naked. Jnv. scales closely imbricated, the outer often

acute or acuminate, inner mostly dilated and coloured at the apex.

Young .achene attenuated towards each end, somewhat stipitate and

beaked ; ripe fr. sessile. Pappus uniseriate, of several rather broad,

serrulate or clavate bristles. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 249. Also Erythropogon,

DC. 1. ¢: p. 254.

Erect or spreading, small shrubs. Branches mostly tomentose, closely leafy

throughout. Leaves alternate, sessile, coriaceous, linear or oblong, with involute

margins, concave and tomentose above, convex beneath and either shining-glabrous

or clothed with deciduous wool, very generally spirally twisted. Axils very fre-

quently leaf-bearing. Heads cylindrical or turbinate, rarely solitary, mostly corym-

bose or fascicled. Inner inv. scales petaloid, white or purple, rarely yellow. Corollas

purple or whitish. Name from peta, on the other side, and Aacws, hairy ; alluding

to the foliage. The species are difficult to characterize.

Subgenus 1. EryrHropocon. Hds. 100-200-flowered. Pappus rufous. (Sp. 1-2.

Leaves lanceolate, straight, erect, not gemmuliferous.

Inner inv. scales acute, radiating, white .. ...... (1) imbricata.

Lys. linear, spirally twisted, gemmuliferous. Inner inv.

BORIGE OOLUBE, TORT 5 Fe iss xed, own ost; See ose (2). umbellata,

Sub-genus 2. Eu-meranasta. Heads 3-10-flowered. Pappus white. (Sp. 3-20.)

Glomerate ; Heads sessile in tufts, matted together by woolly hairs :

Petaloid inv. scales imbricated in 3~4 rows, obtuse :

Lys. lance-linear and linear, spiral, squarrose (3) Cephalotes.

Lys. obovate-cymbiform, very convex at back,

erecto-patent, tapering at base... ... ... (4) cymbeefolia.

Petaloid inv. scales uniseriate, acute :

Dwarf, prostrate, divaricately much branched;

lvs. ovato-cymbiform, convex backed _..._ (5) depressa.

Diffuse, slender ; lvs. linear or lance-linear,

twisted ... (6) divergens.

Capitate ; Heads sessile in tufts, but not matted together : :

Lys. tufted, spirally twisted ... ... ... ... «. (7) capitata.

Lys. solitary, hook-pointed, not twisted ... ... (8) aduneca.

Condensate ; Heads subsessile or shortly pedicellate, in dense, roundish or

imperfectly capitate tufts :

8-10-fl., corymbulose ; petaloid inv. scales

Heads 3~5-flowered :

Petaloid inv. scales imbricated in 3-4 rows :

Stems robust, erect, much branched; iny.

scales obtuse ee ie eee

(9) Lichtensteinii.

(10) nitidula,

266 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) | Metalasia.

Stems slender, diffuse, straggling ; iny.

scales oblong, subacute ... ... 0...

Stems slender. erect ; lvs. bristle-shaped ;

inv. scales lanceolate, acute ...... (12) seriphiifolia.

Petaloid inv. scales sub-uniseriate :

Has. 3-fl.; petaloid inv. sc. concave, erect (13) tenuifolia.

Has. 5-fl.; pet. inv. scales acute, recurved (14) quinqueflora,

Fastigiate ; Heads individually subsessile or pedicelled, arranged in a branch-

ing, hemispherical, rather loose corymb :—

Petaloid inv. scales uniseriate or sub-biseriate :

Pet. inv. scales yellow, scarcely exserted ... (15) aurea.

Pet. inv. scales white or tawny, much exserted :

Lys. lanceolate, erect, straight, convex-

Keoled, solitary... 211.3... 16) pulcherrima.

Lys. mostly tufted, squarrose or spiral, various in shape :

Inv. scales appressed, the outer blunt

ormucronate,orawned,inner white (17) muricata.

Inv. scales sguarrose, the outer taper-

pointed, recurved, inner fulvous _—_ (18) stricta.

Petaloid iny. scales imbricated in 3-4 rows ;

Leaves 6-8 lines long, subulate, spreading ... (19) concinna.

Lys, 1-3 lines long, linear, much tufted ... (20) fasciculata.

{11) erubescens.

Sub-genus 1. ErytHropocon. (Sp. 1-2.)

1, M. imbricata (Harv.); leaves lanceolate, pungent-mucronate,

straight, erect, close-set, convex-keeled and shining beneath, concave

and woolly above, not gemmuliferous ; heads very many-fl., solitary or

3-5 inacorymb, on longish, leafy, tomentose pedicels ; inv. campanulate,

the outer scales cobwebbed, with glabrous, acuminate-pungent points ;

the inner lanceolate, acute, radiating, mostly white. M. uniflora, Don.

Less.! Syn. 334- Erythropogon imbricatum, DC. l.c.255. Staehelina im-

bricata, Berg. Cap. 233. Th.! Cap. 628. Xeranth. imbricatum, Burm.

Has. Cape, Bergius, Thunb.! Groenekloof, Drege! Stellenbosch and Swellendam,

Ecklon, Zey.! goo. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

1-2 f. high, slightly branched ; branches long and simple, erect, curved, woolly.

Leaves 2-3 lines long, precisely similar to those of M. pulcherrima. Weads 5 lines

long, 4-5 in diam., 200-fl. Pappus purple-red.

2. M. umbellata (Don. 1. c. 556) ; leaves linear, mucronate, spirally

twisted, spreading, with leaf-tufts ; heads very many-fl., umbellate, on

longish, leafy pedicels; invol. campanulate, the outer scales cobwebbed,

with glabrous, ovate, free points, the inner ovate-oblong, radiating, ob-

tuse, rosy. Less.! Syn. p. 335. Erythropogon umbellatum, DC.! 1. c. 255:

Gnaph. umbellatum, L. Th.! Cap. 643. Xeranth. squarrosum, Lam. Ill.

t. 693, f. 3.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Caledon, Mundt! Ecklon. Baviansberg, Genadendahl,

Pappe! Zey.! 2913. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Erect, 12-18 inches high, simple or slightly branched, the branches long, curved

and closely leafy throughout. Leaves 3-4 lines long, convolute, with crowded tufts

in the axils. Umbel terminal, simple, the rays 4-1 inch long, with a few, leafy,

Scattered bracts. Heads 4 lines long, 5 lines diam., with 100-200 fl. Pappus rufous.

The foliage is very similar to that of M. fasciculata.

Sub-genus 2. Ev-merazasia, (Sp. 3-20).

3. M. Cephalotes (Less,! Syn. 338); suberect or diffuse, robust ;

Metalasia.| COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 267

leaves lance-linear and linear, involute, spirally twisted, spreading or

squarrose, the axils gemmuliferous or nude ; heads 5-fl., glomerated,

many in the glomerule ; outer inv. scales very woolly, with lanceolate,

white or red glabrous points ; inner (petaloid) imbricated in 3~4 rows,

the outer acute or subacute, the inner very obtuse or truncate ; pappus

club-shaped, obtuse. M. glomerata, M. rosea and M. muraltiefolia,

DC.! l.c. 252-253. Gnaph. capitatum and Gn. Cephalotes, Thunb.! Cap.

646, 643.

Has. About Capetown and in the Western Districts, frequent. (Herb. Th., D.,

Cap., Hk., Sd.)

More robust than M. divergens, with much larger and more compound head-clusters

and a different involucre. Leaves 4-7 lines long, squarrose, crowded ; or erecto-

patent, without gemmules. Thunb.’s ‘“ G. capitatum” is precisely DC.’s “ M. rosea.”

““ M. muraltiefolia” seems to be merely a luxuriant form. ‘ Jf. Cephalotes,’ DC.

is quite a different species, our J. concinna.

4. M. cymbeefolia (Harv.); stem robust, erect, branched and ramu-

lous, the twigs, woolly ; leaves erecto-patent, straight or scarcely twisted,

obovate-cymbiform, tapering to the base, very convex and glossy at back,

concave and woolly above, pungent-mucronate; heads 3—4-fl. glomerated ;

outer inv. scales very woolly, inner (petaloid) imbricated in 3-4 rows,

concave or spoonshaped, obtuse, dorsally apiculate, rosy ; pappus lanceo-

late, flat, acute, serrulate. Jf divergens, var. y.nudiuscula, DC. / l.c. p.252.

Has. In the district of Caledon, Ecklon! (Herb. Cap., Sd., D.)

A strong growing, twiggy bush, 1-2-ft. high, the younger branches and twigs

closely leafy. ‘Leaves of the branches sparingly gemmiferous; of the twigs with

nude axils, 3—4 lines long, 1-1} line wide, boatshaped, remarkably convex at back

and almost petiolate at base. Glomerules globose. Mature fi. heads not seen. The

pappus, even in the half-formed flowers is remarkably broad and flat, tapering at base,

lanceolate above. If this bea mere form of M. divergens, it is indeed a memorable one,

5. M. depressa (Harv.) ; dwarf, procumbent or prostrate, divaricately

much branched, the twigs woolly ; leaves squarrose, ovate-cymbiform,

sessile, convex and cobwebby or glabrate at back, concave and woolly

above, mucronate, mostly gemmuliferous ; heads 5-fl., glomerated, few

together; outer inv. scales very woolly, with lanceolate, brown, glabrous,

acuminate points ; inner (petaloid) uniseriate, spreading, flat, subacute,

white ; pappus clubshaped, obtuse. MV. divergens, Eckl. Herb., ex pte.

= Summit of Table Mountain, Ecklon!, Pappe!, W. H. H. (Herb. Cap., D.,

.» Hk. ‘

A sential shrublet, many-stemmed, spreading over the rocky soil, closely twiggy,

the twigs short, leafy. Leaves 2-3 lines long, almost always with small ones in the

axils. Heads 3-6 in each cluster. Allied to M. cymbefolia in foliage, but much

smaller, and with very dissimilar involucres and pappus ; it differs from J. divergens

chiefly in its foliage and prostrate, ramulous habit.

6. M. divergens (Don, |. c.); divaricately branched, diffuse; leaves

linear, or lanceolate, mucronate, spirally twisted, squarrose or reflexed,

the axils almost always gemmuliferous; heads 5-flowered, glomerated ;

outer inv. scales very woolly, with subulate, brown, glabrous, acuminate,

recurved points; inner (petaloid) uniseriate, spreading, flat, lanceolate,

acute ; pappus clubshaped, obtuse. Less. / Syn. 329. DOC.l.c.252, ex pte.

Gnaph. divergens, Th. ! Cap. 645.

268 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Metalasia.

VAR. a linearifolia ; lys. linear-involute ; heads several in the glomerule.

_ Var. 8. gracilis; lvs. linear; heads about 3inatuft; stems very slender. C. Wright,

Ant -354 368.

Van. y ? purpurascens (DC.); ‘‘ lvs. lanceolate or oblongo-lanceolate, open, twisted;

* stems robust; inv. scales purple.” M. divergens, var. purpurascens, DC. ex pte.?

_ Has. About Capetown, and generally in the Western districts, frequent. (Herb.

Th., Cap., D., Hk., Sd.) ;

A very straggling bush, 12-18 inches long, distantly branched. Leaves 3-5 lines

long, }-1 line wide, widely spreading. Young plant often all over woolly. Many,

at least, of Ecklon’s distributed specimens of var. purpurascens, belong to M. Cepha-

lotes; e. g. those in Hb. Cap. and D.; that in Hb. Sond. which is in a very bad

state, is doubtful.

7. M. capitata (Less.! Syn. 337); divaricately branched, branches

tomentose; leaves linear, involute, spirally twisted, mucronate, gemmu-

liferous, glabrous externally ; heads numerous (20-30), cylindrical, 3-

flowered, sessile in a terminal, simple, exinvolucrate tuft ; invol. gla-

brescent, the outer scales appressed, ovate, acute, the inner uniseriate,

linear-oblong, often brown-tipped, obtuse. DC./ 1. ¢.253. M. ericoides,

Steb./ 15. Gnaph. capitatum, Lam. fide Less.! non Thunb.

Has. On the Cape Flats, Sieber! Ecklon! (Herb. Hk., Sd., Cap.)

Intermediate in habit between M. cephalotes and M. divergens, but with much

less glomerated inflorescence ; the heads, though sessile and closely tufted, stand

apart from each other, and are not woolly, and the leaves immediately under the

tuft are either obsolete or very small.

8. M. adunca (Less.! Syn. 341); leaves linear, involute, hook-pointed,

erecto-patent, not spirally twisted, without axillary leaf-tufts ; heads

cylindr., 5-flowered, sessile or subsessile in bracteated tufts or capitate

corymbs; inv, glabrescent or slightly cobwebbed below, the outer scales

close-pressed, oblong, mucronate, Inner narrow-oblong, obtuse, wniseri-

ate, white, spreading. DC./ 1. c. 253. Gnaph. muricatum, Th.! Cap.

644, ex pte.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ near Constantia, Mundt/ Cape Flats, Ecklon, Drege /

(Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Readily known by its hook-pointed, untwisted, scattered leaves. Leaves 4-5 lines

long, 3 line diam. Inv. white, the petaloid scales much longer than the calycine.

9. M. Lichtensteinii (Less. Syn. 335); robust, thinly woolly or gla-

brate ; leaves linear, rigid, pungent-mucronate, spirally twisted, crowded,

spreading, gemmuliferous ; heads oblong, 8—10-fl., in a simple or com-

pound corymb, the pedicels mostly shorter than the heads, woolly;

outer inv. scales cobwebbed, acuminate, rufous-tipped, inner pluri-seri-

ate, rosulate, subequal, oblong, spreading, milk-white, acute or subacute,

or keeled and mucronulate ; pappus obtuse, club-shaped. DCJ. c. 253-

Has. In the interior, Lichtenstein; Burchell, No. 8182, Bowie } Hott.-Holl.-berge,

Eckl.! Zey.} 2910. (Herb. Hk., Sd., Cap., D.)

A robust, erect, branching bush. Leaves shining, very pungent and closely set,

4-5 lines long, strongly spiral. Heads 10-20 or more in acorymb ; in the luxuriant

‘Specimens the pedune. are 2-3-headed.

10. M. nitidula (Harv.); stems erect, rigid, much branched ; branches

gla _or nearly so; leaves linear-involute, narrowed at base, mucro-

nate, twisted, glabrous and glossy, rather closely set, mostly without

Metalasia. | COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 269

axillary tufts; heads few or many, subsessile in a compound, umbellate

tuft, subtended by a few leaves ; inv. glabrate, the outer scales subcanes-

cent, mucronate, the inner oblong, obtuse, rosy or white, imbricated in

3-4 rows, I. erubescens, var. 8, rigidula, DC. l. ¢. 254.

Has. Cape, Mundt.! Caledon, Ecklon! Babylonschetoornberg, Zey.! 2901. (Herb.

Cap., Hk., Sd., D.)

1-1} ft. high, robust, much branched, bushy, erect. Leaves 5—6 lines long, erecto-

patent, curving outwards, occasionally gemmuliferous. The habit is very different

from that of M. erubescens, which however it very closely approaches in character.

11. M. erubescens (DC.! 1. c. 252); stems diffuse or procumbent,

tomentulose or glabrate ; leaves linear-involute, mucronate, twisted,

glabrous, squarrose or recurved, mostly (except in var. 8.) without axil-

lary tufts ; heads several together, crowded in a condensed, subcompound

corymb, cylindrical, 3-fl.; inv. glabrate, the outer scales acute or mucro-

nate ; inner (petaloid) bi-triseriate, imbricate, oblong, acute, erect, con-

cave, rosy or white.

Var. 8.?, gemmulifera; leaves shorter, more closely set, moreorless gemmuliferous.

M. intermedia, DC. 1. c. 253.

Has. Stellenbosch, Ecklon! Swellendam, Mundt.! Zwarteberg, Dr. Pappe/ B.

in Caledon, Ecklon! Pappe! (Herb. Cap., D., Sd., Hk.)

The normal form has the aspect of M. tenuifolia, from which it chiefly differs in

the involucres. Its leaves are 4-6 lines long. 8. has leaves from 2-4 lines long,

almost always with leaf-tufts in the axils. Its involucre offers no character. I

have some hesitation in uniting it to this species.

12, M. seriphiifolia (DC.! 1. c. 255); slender, flexuous-erect, the

branches tomentose ; leaves linear-setaceous, involute, spirally twisted,

mucronate, squarrose, very gemmuliferous in the axils; heads 3-f1., ina

densely fascicled, globose, branching corymb, the pedicels very short ;

inv. cobwebbed or woolly at base, the outer scales subulate-acuminate,

the inner pluriseriate, imbricate, lanceolate, acute, rosy-purple.

Has. District of Caledon, Ecklon! (Herb. Cap., Sond.)

A slender, distantly branched bush, the branches flexuous, erect. Leaves very

slender, as thick as bristle, 3-5 lines long, with dense leaf-tufts in the axils. Capitate-

corymb #$ inch diameter. Apparently a distinct species.

18. M. tenuifolia (DC.! 1. c. 253) ; stems diffuse, flexuous, glabrate ;

leaves linear-involute, mucronate, twisted, glabrous, without axillary

tufts; heads few together, subsessile in a subsimple, condensed corymb,

cylindrical, 3-flowered, subtended by 2-3 leaves; inv. glabrate, the outer

scales subulate, acuminate; inner(petaloid) subuniseriate, narrow-oblong,

concave, subacute, erect.

Has. Distr. of Caledon, Ecklon! Drege/ (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 ft. long, diffuse or procumbent. Leaves 5-7 lines long. Heads 3-4

in a tuft, 4 or more such tufts in a nearly capitate fascicle. Nearly allied to M.

, from which it differs chiefly in the few, subuniseriate petaloid scales of

the involucre.

14, M. quinqueflora (DC.! 1. c. 254); stems diffuse or tufted, flexuous,

at first tomentose, then glabrate ; leaves linear-involute, mucronate,

twisted, glabrous, with or without axillary tufts, heads few or many,

subsessile in a slightly compound, subumbellate tuft, cylindrical, 5-f1.,

270 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [| Metalasia.

subtended by a few leaves; inv. glabrate, the outer scales subcanescent,

acute or mucronate, close-pressed, the inner sub-biseriate, oblong, acute,

curving back at the extremity, whitish ; pappus club-shaped, obtuse.

Has. Hott.-Holl.-berge, Mundt! Stellenbosch, Ecklon. (Herb. Hk., D.)

Very like M. tenuifolia in habit, but the heads are constantly 5-flowered, and the

inner inv. scales longer, spreading or recurved at the point. The leaves are either

approximate and slightly gemmuliferous ; or widely apart, quite nude. The inner

iny. scales are like those of M. Lichtensteinit.

15. M. aurea (Don. Wern. Trans. 5, p. 558) ; leaves linear-involute,

rigid, squarrose, pungent-mucronate, spirally twisted, with axillary leaf-

tufts; heads cylindrical, 4—5-fl., crowded in a branching, hemispherical

corymb; inv. glabrescent, the outer scales appressed, sharply mucronate,

inner uniseriate scarcely exserted, round-topped, mucronulate, dull-yel-

low; pappus bristles slender, serrulate, slightly thickened at the point.

DC. l. ¢. 250.

Has. Uitenhage and Albany, Mundt! FE. &Z.! Drege! Elands river, Zey.! 2896.

(Herb. Cap., D., Hk., Sd.)

Erect, 1-2 feet high, corymbosely branched ; branches virgate. Leaves commonly

4 inch long, rarely 2-3 lines, horizontally spreading or deflexed, shining, very sharp.

Heads rather few or very numerous, shortly pedicelled, 3 lines long, not a line diam.;

the outer scales silvery, with a brownish or yellowish rib, ending in a mucro. Pap-

pus finely serrulate, with a lance-linear tip. A small specimen from Drege, in Herb.

Sond., marked “‘ 17. octoflora” DC., has but 5 fl. in the head, and in no respect differs

from M. aurea. Is this really M. octoflora, DC. ?

16. M. pulcherrima (Less.! Syn. 340); leaves lanceolate, pungent-

mucronate, straight, erect, close-set, convex-keeled and shining beneath,

concave and woolly above, not gemmuliferous ; heads cylindr., 3-4~—5-f1,

crowded in hemispherical branching corymbs ; outer inv. scales cob-

webby, tawny, erect or spreading, aristate-acuminate, inner white or

yellowish, acute. DC. 1. c. 253, also M. lanceolata, DC. p. 251. Stoebe

gnaphalodes, Thunb.! Cap. 726.

Var. a. pallescens ; invol. scales creamy white or whitish. M. lanceolata, DC.!

Var. B. lutescens; inv. scales straw colour or pale yellowish. M. pulcherrima, DO.!

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Langekloof, Drege! Vanstaadensberg, E. 4 Z./ . Eastern

ee posesert Drakensteenberg, Drege/ Swellendam, Ecklon, (Herb. Th., D.,

This species is readily known by its erect, boat-shaped leaves, without axillary

tufts. Leaves 2-4 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads 3 lineslong. Thunberg’s specimen

has the heads 5-fl. ; Ecklon’s mostly 3-fl., and in Drege’s I have observed 3, 4, and §

fl. ina head, There is no external char. of foliage, and only the colour of the invol.

to separate “ M. lanceolata” from this. Ecklon’s specimens, marked “M. pulcherrima,”

in Hb. Sond. and Pappe, belong to Stoebe gomphrenoides.

17. M. muricata (Less.! Syn. 356); leaves linear or lance-linear (in

8. and «, elliptic-oblong), mucronate, with leaf-tufts, more or less spirally

_ twisted, spreading ; heads cylindrical, 3-4~5-fl., crowded in a hemi-

spherical, branching corymb ; inv. scales glabrescent, appressed, the

outer either obtuse, acute, or cuspidate-mucronate ; inner milk-white

or rosy, sub-biseriate, exserted, obtuse or acute. MW. muricata, fastigiata,

polyanthos, and pungens, Don. Gnaph. muricatum, Linn. Gn, polyanthos

and G. fastigiatum, Th.! Cap. 643. Sieb. no. 17.

Metalasia. | _ COMPOSIT (Harv.) 271

Var. a. obtusiuscula; lvs. linear-involute spiral; outer inv. scales subacute or

Naa inner obtuse or subacute. M. muricata, DO.! l.c. 249. Zey.! 2898,

2899.

Var. 8. phylicoides; lvs. elliptic-oblong, flattish, twisted at base only, white be-

neath, the margin only involute; heads as in a. M. phylicoides, Don, l. c. 559.

DC. 1. c. 250.

Var. y. aFistata; lvs. as in a. ; outer inv. scales cuspidate-acuminate ; inner

acute or subacute. MM. aristata, DC./ Ll. c. 250.

Var. 5. pungens; lvs. as in a, but more pungent; outer inv. scales taper-pointed,

aristate, pungent ; inner acute or acuminate. M. pungens, Don. DC. l. ¢. 251.

Var. e. tomentosa; lvs. as in 8, but very woolly ; inv. scales nearly asin y. M.

lanceolata, var. tomentosa, DC.! 1. ¢.

Has. Common throughout the Colony, extending eastward to Natal. (Herb,

Th., D., Hk., Cap.)

Very variable in size, branching, and woolliness, and in the shape of the involucral

scales, especially the outer ones. It is commonly erect, with level-topped branches,

sometimes diffuse or straggling. Leaves 3-6-8 lines long, 4 line wide, or in 8. and e.

1-2 lines wide, mostly glabrous externally, but varying to cobwebby or very woolly.

Heads 3 lines long, $ line diameter. I can find no absolute and permanent characters

between the above varieties ; all grades of bluntness or sharpness may be found in

the inv. scales, and in the expanded or involute, blunt or pungent leaves. The

more numerous the specimens examined, the less possible is it to distinguish the

varieties from one another.

18. M. stricta (Less. Syn. 336); branches tomentose; leaves linear,

pungent-mucronate, involute, spirally twisted, with leaf-tufts ; heads

very many in a branching, woolly, hemispherical corymb, 3—5-fl.; inv.

thinly cobwebbed, the outer scales rufous, taper-pointed, aristate, sguar-

rose-refleced; inner sub-biseriate, tawny-yellowish or dirty-white, acute

or acuminate. DC. l. ¢. 251.

Var. 8. Dregeana; more branching, more glabrous, sometimes with whiter inv.

scales. M. Dregeana, DC. l. c.

Has. Hangklipp, Mundt § Maire; Paarlberg, Drege! 8. also at Paarlberg, Drege /

Doornkopf, Burke! Cape, Dr. Wallich! (Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

Robust, either virgate or ramulous, with thinly or thickly woolly branches. Lys.

as in M. muricata. Outer inv. scales with strongly recurved points, by which cha-

racter, and the tawny inner, this is alone distinguishable from var. y. of Mf. muricata.

I retain it, with some doubt, as a species,

19. M. concinna (Harv.); diffusely branched ; leaves subulate-terete,

mucronate, spreading, subspiral, gemmuliferous ; heads cylindrical, 5-f1.,

sessile in few-headed, pedunculate tufts, disposed in a branching, close

corymb ; inv. cylindrical, cobwebbed at base, all the scales obtuse, the

outer short, the inner with oblong, exserted, pluriseriate, convex, milk-

white or rosy tips ; pappus clavate. I. cephalotes, DC.! l.c. p. 252, not

of Lessing.

Has. Districts of Caledon and —— acer. Swellendam, Dr. Thom/ On-

derbokkeveldt, / erb. Hk., Sd., D., Cap.

This rth the hens ay inflorescence of M. muricata; the habit of M. cephalotes,

but not the inflorescence ; and the involucre, but not the foliage of M. fasciculata.

Leaves 6-8 lines long, } line wide, the axillary leaves much smaller. Stems slightly

branched, the branches curved.

20. M. fasciculata (Don. 1. c. 657); corymbosely branched; leaves

short, linear-terete, mucronate, spirally twisted, squarrose, gemmulifer-

272 composit® (Harv.) [Lachnospermum.

ous; heads cylindrical, 3-fl., sessile, in few-headed, pedunculate tufts

disposed in a branching, close corymb ; invol. cylindrical, thinly cob-

webbed externally, all the scales obtuse, spathulate, the outer with

short, the inner with oblong, pluriseriate, milk-white tips; pappus

acute. Less./ Syn. 330. DC. l.c. 253. Gnaph. fasciculatum, Thunb. !

Cap. 645. Also M. Eckloniana, DC. ! 1. ¢.

Has. About Capetown and in the Western Districts. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Much branched and twiggy. Leaves 1-3 lines long, crowded, fascicled. Heads

3 lines long, distinct, but close-lying in 3~5-headed tufts, each tuft on a short, com-

mon peduncle. Inv. scales milk-white. I cannot see by what character I. Ecklo-

niana, DC.! which I have seen in Herb. Sond., differs from a common form of M.

fasciculata.

Doubtful Species. ;

M. octoflora (DC. 1. c. 250); “ branches appressedly pubescent; lvs.

linear, mucronate, glabrous at back, often gemmuliferous ; heads ovate-

cylindrical, pedicellate, 8-flowered, in a simple corymb ; outer invol.

scales appressed, acute, reddish ; inner few, obtuse, scarcely exserted.”

DC. 1.2

Has. Berg River, Drege. (But a specimen in Hb. Sond., sent by Drege as “ M.

octoflora,” differs in no respect from J. awrea.)

M. distans (DC. 1. c. 254); “leaves linear, acute, twisted, glabrous

outside, distant, not gemmuliferous; heads few at the ends of the

branches, subumbellate ; iny. terete, imbricate, outer scales sub-tomen-

tose, mucronate, inner white, acuminate.” DC.l.c. Gn. distans, Schrank.

Act. Acad. Morac. 8, p. 160. Pee

LXXXV. LACHNOSPERMUM, Willd.

Heads many-fl., homogamous, discoid. Jnv. turbinate ; the scales

closely imbricate in many rows, with subpungent tips. Recept. with a

few marginal pale. Cor. tubular, 5-toothed. Style-branches pencilled

at the summit. Achenes oblong, angular, the younger ones villous at

the angles, the full grown densely hairy. Pappus biseriate, of slender,

serrulated bristles, rather longer than the corolla. DC. Prodr. 6, 255:

A slender, straggling shrub, with spreading, canous, subsimple branches, leafy to

the summit. Leaves minute, linear-terete, obtuse or mucronate, slightly twisted,

with axillary leaf-tufts ; involute, as in Metalasie. Heads solitary, or 3-5 in a corymb

on laxly leafy peduncles. Invol. 4~5 lines long, 3 lines wide, woolly, bristling with

the slender, bristle-tips of the outer scales: inner scales linear; acute. Name from

Aaxvyes, woolly, and omepya, a seed.

1. L. ericoides, (Willd.); Zess./ Syn. 342. DC.! 1. c.255. Stahelina

fasciculata, Th.! Cap. 628. Serratula fasciculata, Poir. Carpholoma

rigidum, Don.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Mundt.! Burchell. Namaqualand, Ecklon. K1, Draken-

stein, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

diffuse, 1-2 ft. long or more. _Leaves 1-1} line long. Whole plant thinly

canous.

LXXXVI. PACHYRHYNCHUS, DC.

Heads about 10-fi., homogamous, all the fl. 5-toothed, perfect. Recept.

Elytropappus.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 273

nude, flat. Jnv. at first terete-oblong, acuminate, with short, leafy,

villous, accessory scales or bracts, the rest (or true scales) elongate, sca-

rious, shining, glabrous, linear at length spreading. Achenes ovate, very

villous, sessile, crowned with a glabrous, thick beak. Pappus pilose,

the bristles scarcely rough, in several rows, longer than the corolla,

DC. Prodr. 6,255.

“A branching, erect suffrutex, all parts, except the heads, villous-tomentose and

canescent. Leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblong, callous-tipped, entire, crowded,

sub-imbricate. Invol. straw colour.” DC.l.c. Name from zaxus, thick, and

puyxos, a beak.

1. P. xeranthemoides (DC. 1. c.)

Has. Cape, Bruguiere, in Herb. L’Her. (Unknown to us.)

LXXXVIL ELYTROPAPPUS, Cass.

Heads few (2-8) flowered, homogamous. ecept. naked. Jnv. scales

oblong, in few rows, imbricate, horny. Style-branches pencilled at the

summit. Achenes beakless, sessile. Pappus of several, broad-based

bristles, united in a ring at base, plumose at the summit, with a very

minute, or rarely, a cupshaped, external rim. DC. Prodr. 6, 256.

Much branched shrubs, growing in dry ground. Leaves minute or heathlike,

mostly spirally twisted, more or less gladular and strongly scented. Heads subses-

sile, in the axils of the upper leaves, solitary or few together, as if spicate-racemose.

Name from eAvutpoy, an involucre, and warmos, pappus; alluding to the minute rim

surrounding the pappus, which is probably a mere expansion of the epigynous disc.

I. CyatHoparrus (Sch. B.) Heads in terminal, globose tufts. Outer-pappus cup-

shaped, half as long as the ovary. Achenes wrinkled across :—

Leaves 4-5 lines long, glabrous and glossy, gland-bristled ... (f) spinellosus.

Lys, 1-2 lines long, woolly-villous, sparsely gland-bristled ... (2) cyathiformis.

II. Enyrroparpus. Heads scattered along the branches, or aggregated in spikes.

Outer-pappus ring-like, very short. Achenes longitudinally striate :

Leaves linear or subulate. Inv. scales acute or acuminate :

Leaves gland-bristled, glabrous or cobwebbed... ... ... (3) glandulosus,

Lys. glandless, densely white-woolly wee gee cele tee 4) CRRORORNE.

Leaves minute, appressed.

Inv. seales very obtuse... 40. ss, 2s sys ose ee =“ (5) Bhinocerotis,

Inv. scales acuminate... ... 66 Gilg A Sc en (© Oe preeas.

1. E. spinellosus (Cass.) ; leaves linear, involute, mucronate, twisted,

erecto-patent, rigid, on the outside glossy and sparsely setose; heads

6-8-f1., several together in terminal tufts, surrounded by several floral

leaves ; inv. scales acuminate ; ovaries scaberulous; outer pappus cup-

shaped, entire. DC.l.c.256. E. spinulosus, Less.! Syn. 343. Gnapha-

lium hispidum, Linn. Th.! Cap. 645. Metalasia hispida, Don.

Has. Bockland, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)

About a foot high, erect, not much branched, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves

closely set, erecto-patent, 4-5 lines long, pungent, most of them, but especially the

upper ones, spri with ing, gland-tipped bristles. Tufts of heads sessile,

equalling the surrounding leaves. The cup-like rim of the pappus is about half as

long as the ovary ; the pappus is beautifully feathered. This has quite a distinct

habit; no recent collector seems to have met with it.

2. E. cyathiformis (DC.!1.c. 257); leaves, especially the younger

VOL. UI. 18

274 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) | Elytropappus.

ones villoso-canescent, woolly, linear, twisted, mucronate, with a few

scattered, pedicellate glands ; heads 3~4-fl., several together in terminal

tufts, surrounded by a few floral leaves; inv. scales puberulous, brown-

tipped, oblong, acute or subacute; achenes wrinkled across ; outer

pappus cup-shaped, entire. Cyathopappus metalasioides, Sch. B. Cass.

Onifl. p. 27.

Has, Cederberge, Drege! (Herb. Sond.) ;

Allied to £. spinellosus of which it has the remarkable cup-like outer pappus, but

differing in foliage. Leaves 1}-2 lines long, the young ones white-woolly, the older

gray and cobwebbed at least ; the upper ones chiefly gland-bearing. Heads several

in a tuft. I have only seen a small frustule, but sufficient for identification.

8. E. glandulosus (Less.! Syn. 343); leaves linear, terete-involute,

mucronate, straight or twisted, erect or spreading, on the outside bearing

few or many stalked glands; heads 2~4-fl. in small, sessile or peduncu-

late tufts; inv. scales acute ; achenes smooth or striate lengthwise. DC./

lL. c. 256, also H. ambiguus, DC.! Stocbe scabra, Linn. Th.! Cap. 728.

Var. a, longifolinus (DC) ; lvs. 6-8 lines long, crowded, spreading, very glandular ;

tufts of heads sessile or peduncled (on the same root !).

Var. 8. ambiguus ; lvs. 2-4 lines long, straight or twisted, more or less glandular ;

tufts of heads as long as, or longer than the floral leaf. E. ambiguus, DC./ Le. Stoebe

cinerea, Sieb. no. 20 (not Th.) Achyrocome ambigua, Schrank. Stoebe mucida, E.M.

Var. y. microphyllus (DC.); lvs. 2-3 lines long, suberect or spreading ; tufts of

heads shorter than the floral leaf.

mk Western Districts, Thunberg! £.¢Z.! Drege. Elandsberg, Wallich! (Herb.

.. D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched bush, variable in branching, length of leaves, glands, and

inflorescence. Ramuli sometimes densely scabrous-glandular, sometimes smooth

and cobwebby. Glands sometimes closely fringing the leaves, sometimes on the

back also; sometimes very few and scattered. I find it impossible to separate Z.

ambiguus, DC., from the var. ‘‘ microphyllus” by any of the characters attributed to

it, all of which vary in different specimens.

4, E. canescens (DC.! 1. c. 256); leaves linear, terete-involute, mucro-

nate, straight or twisted, spreading, not glandular, densely white-woolly;

heads 2-3 fl., in a long, terminal spike ; outer inv. scales woolly, thinly

villous, acute.

Has. Clanwilliam, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

_ Perhaps a mere glandless and woolly var. of #. glandulosus, which varies greatly

in woolliness and in copiousness of glands, I have only seenaspecimen with young

5. E. Rhinocerotis (Less. ! Syn. 341) ; leaves minute, appressed, ob-

tuse, smooth externally ; heads 3-fl., much longer than the floral-leaf ;

inv. scales obtuse ; achenes smooth, furrowed, DC./ 1. c.256. Stoebe

Rhinocerotis, Linn. f. Th.! Cap. 728. Stoebe cernua, Th.! 1. ¢.

Has. Dry ground, throughout the colony, common. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Well known as the Rhinoster-bosch. Stems 1-2 ft. high, excessively branched and

ramulous, the twigs closely covered with minute, scale-like leaves, Heads solitary;

sessile, or on very minute ramuli. Inv. scales horn colour.

6. E.? adpressus (Harv.) ; slender, much branched, virgate ; branches

(with the leaves) filiform ; leaves most closely appressed, imbricated,

linear, minute, subacute, nude, woolly edged; heads solitary in the

Pterothriz.| COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 275

upper axils, as if spicate, 3-flowered; iny. scales acuminate; pappus of

many plumes united in a ring at base; no external annulus? An

Seriphium adpressum, DC. l. c.p. 263 (22).

Has. Cape. (Herb. Sond.)

A slender shrublet, with stems and foliage closely resembling those of Stoebe micro-

phylla, but with different inflorescence, and at least 3-flowers in the capitulum. It

may possibly be Seriphiwm? adpressum, DC., of which the flowers are unknown,

Stems 6-8 inches high, branches 3-6 inches long, quite simple, or ramulous at the

tips only. The aspect is that of a very slender Passerina.

LXXXVIII. PTEROTHRIX, DC. (reform.)

Heads 3-10-f1., homogamous. Other characters as in Amphiglossa, DC.

Prodr. 6. p. 280 (ewel. Sect. 2. Lucilioides). Also Amphiglossa, Sect. 1.

Aglossa, DC. l. c. p. 258.

Small shrublets, spinous or unarmed. Leaves and infl. as in Amphiglossa, from

which genus this differs solely by the homogamous heads. From Elytropappus it

differs somewhat in habit, and also in the well-feathered pappus, and the want of

an external annulus or outer pappus. Name from arepor, a wing, and Opit, a hair ;

referring to the plumose pappus. ‘

Spiniferous ; lvs. linear, mucronulate; inv scales subacute ... (1) spinescens.,

Unarmed ; lvs. linear, obtuse ; inv. scales taper-pointed, acute (2) ichoi

Unarmed ; lvs. lance-oblong, concave, 3-nerved beneath ... (3) cymbefolia.

1, P. spinescens (DC. 1.c.280); many-stemmed ; stems much-branch-

ed and twiggy, suberect or divaricate, the upper twigs often spinous ;

leaves linear, convolute, mucronulate, scattered ; heads 3—5-fl.; inner inv.

scales acute or obtuse, rufous. Also Amphidowa triflora, DC.! l. c. 258.

Has. Near the Gariep and at Litaku, Burchell, Cat. 1845. Zwartekey, on the

flats, Drege! Brack River, Burke § Zey.! Zey.! 907. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A dwarf shrublet, 6-8 inches high, tufted ; branches and especially the spinous

upper twigs widely spreading. Leaves 3-5 lines long. Heads, even in Drege’s

specimens of ‘‘ Aimph. triflora,” as often 4-fl. as not, and sometimes 5-fi. Inv. scales

variable, sometimes very obtuse.

2. P. perotrichoides (Harv.) ; cxspitose, diffuse or decumbent, much-

branched and twiggy, not spiny ; leaves linear, convolute, very obtuse,

somewhat spiral and now and then tufted ; heads 4—5-fl. ; inner inv.

scales much acuminated, rufous. Amph. perotrichoides. DC./ 1. ¢. 258.

Has. Cape, Burchell, Mundt! Swellendam, Ecklon! (Hb. Hk., Sd.)

Nearly related to P. spinescens, but not spinous, with very blunt leaves and much

more taper-pointed inv. scales.

3. P. cymbefolia (Harv.) ; stems shrubby, distantly and vaguely

branched, unarmed ; leaves alternate, sparse, lance-oblong or oblong,

cuneate at base, concave and tomentose above, convex, quite glabrous

and 3-nerved beneath ; heads about 8—10-flowered ; inv. scales pluri-

seriate, lanceolate, acuminate.

Has. Betw. Bitterfontein and Mierekskasteel, Zey.! (Herb. Sond.)

Stems woody, 1 foot or 2 in length, distantly branched. Leaves nearly an inch

apart, 3-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide, almost boat-shaped, obtuse or acute, tomentose-

canescent above, distinctly 3-nerved and glabrous beneath. Heads 3 lines long,

inv. scales imbricate in several rows. Achenes glabrous. Pappus of many amply-

feathered, slender, deciduous bristles, Tails of the anthers short, barbellate or

18*

276 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [A mphiglossa.

granulated with cellules. Style with a large, bulbous base ; its branches truncate,

recurved.

-LXXXIX. AMPHIGLOSSA, DC. (reform.)

Heads 6-20-f1., heterogamous, radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, sometimes very

minute and shorter than the involucre; dise-fl. perfect, 5-toothed. Re-

cept. naked. Invol. cylindrical, imbricate, scarious. Achene glabrous.

Pappus of many very slender, deciduous, separate bristles, closely and

amply feathered through their whole length, with or without a minute,

external annulus. DC. prodr. 6, p. 258 (excl. sect. 1, Aglossa). Also

Pterothriz, sect. 2, Lucilioides, DC. 1. ¢. p. 280.

Small, much branched, erect or decumbent shrublets. Leaves small, linear or

subulate, glabrous and convex externally, woolly within, with inflexed or involute

Heads solitary, terminal, sessile. Name from ayqui, both, and yAwsoa, &

tongue; alluding to the ray-fl. being different in the two sections of this genus. It

differs from Pterothrix merely in having heterogamous fl. heads.

Sect. 1. Leprocrossa. (DC.) Heads 6-15-fl., heterogamous, Ray-fl. very slen-

der, included or scarcely exserted. (Sp. 3-4.)

Ray-fl. included, obsolete ; all the leaves spreading, acute ... (1) corrudeefolia.

Ray-fl. subexserted, linear, 3-toothed. Twig-leaves imbricate,

ehembshyatiyy = 3a a cha ee ae ee 1a), Be

Sect. 2, Puzyocrossa. (DC.) Heads 9-10-fl., heterogamous. Ray-fl. exserted,

strap-shaped, revolute. (Sp. 5.)

Leaves linear-trigonous, mucronate, spreading ... ... ... (3) tomentosa.

1. A. corrudefolia (DC.! 1. c. 258) ; diffuse or trailing, branched and

ramulous; rameal leaves broadly subulate, mucronate, keeled, with in-

flexed margins, spreading, the axils with leaf-tufts; twig-leaves short,

spreading, mucronate ; heads 6-8-fl., heterogamous, on very short, axil-

lary branchlets ; ray-fl. 2-3, very slender, with very minute, included

ligules ; inner inv. scales linear, obtuse.

Has. Boschjemanskarroo, 3000-4000 feet, Drege/ (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems several inches long, woody, glabrate, apparently trailing ; but DC. says

** erect.” Rameal leaves 4~6 lines long, 1 line wide ; those on the twigs much shorter.

Heads 3-4 lines long.

2. A. callunoides (DC.! 1 c. 259); diffuse or trailing, the long, sim-

ple branches closely ramulous; rameal leaves broadly-subulate, mucro-

nate, keeled, with inflexed margins, the axils ramuliferous; twig-leaves

very small, close-pressed, oval-oblong or linear, obtuse or mucronulate ;

heads 10-12-fl., heterogamous, on short, axillary twigs; ray-fl. 5-6,

with narrow, linear, 3-toothed, purple, sub-exserted ligules ; inner inv-

scales linear, obtuse.

Has. Am stones, in the channel of the Zwartkops River, itenhage

EB. Z.1 Vaviua! Dr. Alexander Prior ! &c. (Gab He Dt Sd} wise ae

- Very near the former in character, but with a different aspect, and much more ~

evidently ligulate ray-flowers. Twig leaves shorter and more imbricating.

3. A. tomentosa (Harv.); divaricately much branched, spreading,

slender; leaves linear-trigonous, mucronate, spreading, often with leaf-

tufts ; heads terminal, 9-10-fl., heterogamous ; ray-fl. about 3, with

strapshaped, revolute, exserted ligules, longer than the disc ; outer inv-

scales ovate, inner linear-oblong, acute, rufous, glossy. A. nitidula, DC.!

Bryomorphe.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 277

l.c. 259. Relhania tomentosa, Th. Cap. 640. Athrixia tomentosa, Less.

Pterothrix tomentosa, DC. / tl. c. 280. ;

Has. Cape, Thunberg ! Uienvalei ; also between Koussie and Pedroskloof, and

near Kaus, in Little Namaqualand, Drege/ Kamiesberg, Namaqualand, Von Schlicht /

Zey.! 2907. (Herb. Th. Hk., D., Sd.)

Root thick and woody. Stems many from the crown, erect, tufted, slender, much

branched and ramulous, the younger tomentose, older glabrous. Leaves crowded,

linear-involute, obtuse or mucronulate, 2-3 lines long, tomentose on the hollow,

upper surface, cobwebby, becoming glabrous without. Heads sessile at the ends of

the twigs, solitary, or 2-3-5 in a tuft. Inv. cylindrical, its scales close-pressed, the

outer ovate, acute, inner oblong, obtuse, all glabrous, purple-tipped, slightly visci-

dulous. Rays very short, purple, revolute. Pappus-bristles very slender, copiously

plumose throughout. Thunberg’s and Drege’s specimens agree in every particular.

XC. BRYOMORPHE,* Harv.

Heads several-fi., heterogamous, the ray-fl. few, ligulate, female; dise-

fl. fertile, 5-toothed. Jnv.imbricate in few rows, the scales linear, sepa-

rate, caducous. ecept.naked. Anthers tailed. Style branches truncate.

Achene glabrous, beakless, sessile. Pappus of several, slender, scabrous

bristles in a single row.

A very densely tufted, many stemmed perennial, forming close, moss-like, level-

topped cushions; branches very erect, closely imbricated with subulate leaves to the

verysummit., Leaves linear-subulate, mucronate, on both sides closelysilvery. Heads

solitary, terminal, sessile, half sunk among the upper leaves. Disc and ray flowers

purple. Name from fpvor, a moss, and popn, a form; because this plant grows in

moss-like cushions. It is allied to Amphiglossa, from which it differs in habit, and

by the bristle-shaped, not plumose pappus. From Helichryswm and all its immediate

allies it is broadly separated by the ligulate, not filiform, marginal flowers.

1. B. Zeyheri (Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 151); Helichr. arctioides, Turcz.!

Bull, d. 1. soc. imp. Mose. XXIV. II. p. 79. Klenzea lycopodioides, Sch. B.

Has. Summits of Table, and Hott. Holl. Mountains, common, but rarely flower-

ing, Ze 2908. Summit of Genadendahl Mt., so00f., Dr. Roser! 42. (Herb, Hk.,

Stems 2~3 inches long, branching, erect, with lateral roots, densely cushioned.

Leaves 4-5 lines long, } line wide, erect. Heads few-flowered. Inv. scales obtuse,

whitish or purple tipped.

XCI. DISPARAGO, Gaertn.

Heads 2-flowered, one fi. ligulate, either female or neuter ; the other

5-toothed, perfect. Recept. narrow. nv. oblong, scales horny, in few

rows linear. Achene oblong (glabrous or woolly). Pappus of 5 or many

bristles, naked below, plumose above, often wanting in the ray-fl. DC.

Prodr, 6, 257.

Dwarf, much branched, heath-like shrubs. Leaves spirally inserted and twisted,

crowded, sessile, linear or subulate, involute, within tomentose, without glabrate or

cobwebbed. Heads in terminal, round or oblong, very dense glomerules. Corollas

pane or white. Name from dispar, wnegual ; alluding to the two dissimilar fl. in

the head. :

Achenes glabrous : 5

Ray-fl. female, with 5 pappus plumes. Leaves crowded (1) ericoides.

* Bryomorpha, Kar. and Kir. is the same as Thylacospermum, Fenzl.

278 composIt& (Harv.) [ Disparago.

Ray-fl. neuter, without pappus :

Leaves scattered ...... Seer ee (3) laxifolia,

Leaves crowded ... ... cle ea a

Achenes woolly or tomentose ; ray-fl. neuter : 3 fee

Ray-fi. with 4 or 5 plumes; tubular-fl, with many plumes (4) seriphioides.

Both ray and tubular-flowers with many plumes oe SERBS

1. D. ericoides (Gaertn.) ; leaves crowded, spreading, aristate ; ray-

flower female ; achene glabrous; pappus of both flowers 5-plumed ; palex

between the flowers. Less./ Syn. p. 363. DC./l.¢. 257.

Has. ern Districts, common. Zey./ 2919, 2921, 2922. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A small, much branched, densely leafy shrub. Leaves 2-3 lines long, spirally

twisted, closely set, involute, tipped with a longish bristle. Heads crowded, very

many together in globose or oblong tufts or spikes. Inv. scales horny, taper-pointed.

Ray-fl. shortly and broadly ligulate, purple.

2. D. Kraussii (C. H. Sch. B. Flora, xxvii., 693); leaves crowded,

spreading, obtuse-mucronulate ; ray-fl. neuter, without pappus, 3-lobed

(white) ; tubular-fl. fertile with 5 plumes and a glabrous ovary. D. lasto-

carpa, b. Herb. Drege!

Has. Cape, Krauss, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Confounded by Drege with D. lasiocarpa, of which it has the habit, but much

more nearly related to D. lazifolia, though different in aspect. Leaves 4 a line

apart, 2-3 lines long, broadly linear, spirally twisted, thinly canescent. Inv. scales

yellowish horn-colour, much acuminate.

3. D. laxifolia (DC. 1. c. 257); leaves distant, spreading, obtuse-mu-

cronulate ; ray-fl. neuter, without pappus; tubular-fl. fertile, with five

plumes, and a glabrous, angular achene.

- Has. Zwarteberg, and Klyn-rivier’sberg, Caledon, Ecklon, Near Simon’s Bay,

C. Wright, No. 353. (Herb. D.)

A slender, straggling fruticulus, 6-8 inches long, with filiform glabrate branches.

Leaves 2-3 lines apart, 2-3 lines long, either spirally involute or flattish, the younger

= gp mucronate. Glomerules 3-4 lines diam. Rays pale, much smaller than in

4. D. seriphioides (DC. 1 c. 257); “leaves scattered, mucronate ; ray-

fl. neuter; achene tomentose ; pappus of the tubular, fertile-fl. of 15-20

plumes, of the ray-fl. with 4-5 plumes.” D0. 1. ¢.

Has. Cape, Burchell, No. 705.

“ Very similar in aspect to D. ericoides, but the leaves are scarcely mucronate, not

aristate ; the achene villous, not glabrous, and the ray-fl. neuter, not female.” DC.

5. D. lasiocarpa (Cass.); leaves crowded, spreading, obtuse or mucro-

nulate; ray-fl. neuter; achene densely woolly; pappus of the fertile fl.

of many plumes, of the ray-fl.none. DC./1.c.258. Wigandia disparagt-

noides, Less.! Syn. 362.

Has, Cape Flats ; also in Worcester and Stellenbosch, Ecklon, Drege.! Hout Bay,

W. H. H. Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe,! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Much-branched, very ramulous, level-topped, about 1 foot high. Leaves 2 lines

long, spirally twisted, slender. Heads in globose, terminal tufts. Inv. scales ta-

per-pointed. Ray-fl. narrow-oblong, purple.

Stoebe. ] COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 279

XCII. STOEBE, Linn.

Heads one-flowered. Jnv. scales oblong, imbricate, dry-membranous,

the outer ones short and often woolly. Cor. tubular, 5-toothed. Style-

branches pencilled at the abrupt point. Pappus of 5 or many bristles

naked below, plumose above, slightly connected at base into a ring and

falling off together; a small rim or annulus, in many species, exterior

to the true pappus, and persistent on the oblong achene. Achene either

glabrous or woolly, sessile, beakless. Stoebe and Seriphium, DC. Prodr.

Pp. 259, 261.

Small, rigid shrubs or half shrubs, almost all S. African. Leaves crowded, narrow,

often pungent, very entire, linear, oblong or subulate, often spirally twisted, woolly

and concave within, glossy, becoming glabrate externally. Heads crowded together

in dense tufts (glomerules) or dispersed in long spikes, Name from oroiBn a crowd-

ing or surrounding : alluding to the crowded leaves of many. I unite the genera

Stoebe and Seriphium of most authors, because the species grouped under them agree

in habit, foliage and floral characters; and merely differ by an obscure and variable

character of the fruit; the achene in Stoebe possessing an annulus exterior to the

pappus ; that of Seriphiwm being perfectly round-topped. I find an annulus in some

species said not to possess one; and the breadth of margin varies very much, from

species to species. .

(1.) Heads collected in terminal, globose, perfectly defined glomerules:

Inv. scales white or cream-coloured : ;

Leaves erect, imbricating or appressed :—

Leaves oval-oblong, concave, woolly-edged (1) i

Leaves very minute, scale-like, close-pressed (4) microphylla.

Leaves recurved or squarrose:

Stem and branches erect; lvs. broadly linear (2) leueocephala.

Stem diffuse; lvs. narrow-linear, elongate (3) squarrosa.

Inv. scales rufous or brown-tipped:

Erect or spreading much branched shrublets:

Pappus of many plumes:

Lys.subulate, spirally twistedandfaleate (5) ethiopica.

Lys. lance-oblong, erecto-patent ... (6) phylicoides.

Pappus of 5-plumes ; lvs. spirally twisted... (7) tortilis.

Prostrate, slender, distantly branched; Ivs. flat (8) prostrata.

(2.) Heads either in small, terminal tufts (not globose) or in oval or oblong, more

or less decurrent glomerules or imperfect spikes :

Leaves on the back pitted on each side of the keel:

Lvs. subulate, ribbed ; inv. scales muchacuminate (9) nervigera,

Lvs. linear, keeled; inv. scales obtuse ... ... (10) rugulosa.

Leaves not pitted or furrowed on the back :

Lvs. straight or straightish, erect or imbricate, expanded :

Lys. lance-linear, cobwebbed or glabrous ;

inv. sc. acuminate ... ... ... «.. «-. (11) phleoides.

Lys. lance-oblong, on both sides woolly ; inv. ;

sc. mucronate ... ... +. (12) copholepis.

Lvs. spirally twisted, squarrose or spreading:

Inv. scales oblong, obtuse or scarcely acute (13) fusca.

Iny. scales acuminate, very acute:

Outer inv. scales shorter and woolly ;

inner glabrous, longer than the flowers:

Inv. scales brown, squarrose, very

much acuminate ... ... ... (14) ineana.

Inv. scales yellow-horn colour,

rigid, straight ... ... ... (1§) spiralis.

All the inv. scales glabrous, rufous,

equalling the flowers ... ... ... (16) capitata.

280 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Stoebe.

- (3.) Heads in cylindrical or elongated and interrupted, compound-spikes. Leaves

fascicled

Leaves slender; heads in a long, dense, cylindr, spike. 2

Achenes with many toothed ribs, and an annulus (17) alopecuroides.

Leavesvarious; headsin aninterrupted, elongate spike.

Achenes angled and furrowed, wrinkled, across

without annulus leo eis Sweet Sauer apk cc. (10) EOE

1. S. gomphrenoides(Berg.! Cap. 336); erect, subsimple ; leaves ellip-

tic-oblong, erect, imbricating, concave, villoso-ciliate ; heads in a globose

cluster; inv. compressed, cream-white, scales taper-pointed; achenium

4-angled, silvery-tomentose; pappus of 5-plumes. Thunb. ! Cap. 726.

Less. Syn. 346. DG. 1.c. 259. S. gnaphalioides, Houtt. t. 34. f.1. non Th.

Metalasia pulcherrima, Hb. Eckl.! (non Less.!)

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Mundt.! Ecklon! (Herb. Th., Hk. Sd.)

A foot or more high, many-stemmed, not much branched, branches erect. Leaves

3-5 lines long, 14-2 lines wide, glabrous and round-backed externally, woolly within,

either very obtuse or mucronulate. Glomerules j inch diameter, the inv. scales straw

colour.

2. S. leucocephala (DC.! 1. c. 259); branches erect, subcanescent ;

leaves broadly linear, recurvo-patent, spirally twisted, with inflexed

edges, tomentose within, villoso-ciliate ; heads in a globose cluster ; inv.

scales white, taper-pointed ; achene woolly tomentose ; pappus of 20-24

plumes,

Has. Uienvalei, and between Pickenierskloof and Markuskraal, 1-2,000 f. Drege.’

(Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Suffruticose, not much branched, erect and virgate. Leaves 3-4 lines long, # line

wide, obtuse or mucronulate. Glomerules as in S. gomphrenoides, from which this

differs in foliage and pappus.

3. S. squarrosa (Harv.); diffuse, with flexuous, spreading branches;

leaves linear-terete, slender, involute, recurved-squarrose, acute, some-

what twisted, glabrate ; heads in a globose cluster ; inv.-scales whitish,

taper-pointed ; achenes woolly-tomentose ; pappus of 18-20 plumes.

Has, Lambert’s or Alexander’s Kloof, Dr. Wallich! (Herb. Hk., D.)

Very near 8. leucocephala, but with a different habit and much narrower, longer,

and acute leaves. Stems diffusely much-branched, 12-15 inches long, Leaves 5-6

lines long, ¢ line wide, completely involute.

4. 8. microphylla (DC.!1.c. 259); erect, much branched, slender ;

leaves minute, scale-like, most closely appressed, oblong, acute, keeled,

glabrous; heads in a globose cluster ; inv. scales white, taper-pointed;

(flowers not seen).

Has. kloof, in rocky mountainous pl ® i

kraal, Dahl Verreauz ! at Hk., D. ga.) pias prema

Stems 6-12 inches high, shrubby, but very slender. Leaves 1 line long, } line

ao a imbricating the twigs. Glomerules not fully grown, brobably 4

5. 8. ethiopica (Linn. Sp. 1315); shrubby, robust, diffusely much-

branched, flexuous ; twigs villous; leaves lance-subulate or subulate,

pungent-mucronate, concave, sub-involute, woolly within, squarrose-

recurved, somewhat spiral or falcate ; heads in a globose cluster ; inv.

Stoebe. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 281

scales rufescent, acute ; achenes terete, narrowed at base, when mature

minutely and appressedly canescent (ovaries almost glabrous) ; pappus

of many plumes. Thwnb.! Cap. 725. Less.! Syn. 317. DO. 1. ¢. 260.

Lam. Lil. t. 722.

Has. About Capetown and in the Western Districts, common. Zey./ 2923.

(Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems 1-2 feet high, diffusely branched or ascending, ramulous. Leaves half-

spirally twisted, very rigid and pungent, 3-6 lines long, 1-14 line wide, the inflexed

edges not covering the upper surface. Glomerules §-1 inch diam. Scales not very

prominent, Flowers bright purple. The ovaries appear, even under a strong lens,

glabrous ; the very minute and appressed pubescence is only obvious in advanced

growth, after flowering.

6. S. phylicoides (Thunb.! Cap. 726); shrubby, erect, with virgate

branches ; twigs tomentulose, becoming glabrate ; leaves oblong or

lance-oblong, pungent-mucronate, concave, woolly within, with inflexed

edges, erecto-patent, straight; heads in a globose cluster ; inv. scales

rufous, acuminate ; achenes terete, narrowed at base, when mature

minutely and appressedly canescent (ovaries nearly glabrous). ess. /

Syn. 346. DC./ 1. c. 260.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Betw. Grasbergriver and Waterval, and on the Giftberg,

Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Nearly related to S. @ethiopica, but much more erect and virgate, with broader, '

and straighter leaves, and tomentulose, not villous twigs. Leaves 4~5 lines long,

1-2 lines wide. Heads 4-3? inch diameter. I find the achenes precisely similar to

those of S. withiopica. Those authors who describe them as ‘“ glabrous” must have

examined only half-grown fruits.

7. 8. tortilis (DC. 1. c. 260); diffuse, straggling, irregularly branched,

slender ; leaves linear-involute, mucronate, spirally twisted, close-set,

glabrous externally ; heads in globose, terminal tufts, subtended by

many leaves; inv. scales glabrous, mucronate ; achenes angular, gla-

brous; pappus of 5-plumes ; annulus entire.

Has. Uitenhage, Ecklon. Fissures of rocks on the Vanstaaden Mts., Zeyher!

2920. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems a foot long. Leaves 24-3 lines long. Glomerules small. This is readily

known from its allies by the 5-pappus plumes. In aspect it resembles some states

of Disparago ericoides.

- 8. S. prostrata (Linn. Mant. 291); stems slender, flexuous, prostrate,

cobwebbed; leaves linear-oblong, mucronate, flat, with subinflexed mar-

gins, white woolly within, glabrous, glossy and one nerved beneath,

spreading ; axils nude; heads in a hemispherical, simple glomerule,

subtended by several leaves ; inv. scales scarious, taper-pointed ; fl. pur-

ple; achene without annulus. Zhunb.! Cap. 726. Seriphium prostra-

tum, Lam. Less. ! Syn. p. 351. DC. l.c. 263.

Cape, Thunberg, Drege! Summit of Table Mt. W. H.H. (Herb. D., Hk. Sd.)

Stems many from the crown, thread-like, distantly branched, trailing. Leaves

3-4 lines long, nearly 1 line wide, white above, glossy-green beneath. Glomerules

3-4 lines in diameter, their subtending leaves longer than the flowers.

9. S. nervigera (Sch. Bip.); dwarf, much-branched and ramulous ;

leaves imbricated, erect or recurved at the points, rigid, linear-subulate,

pungent mucronate, glabrous externally, with a prominent midrib, and

282 coMpPosiT# (Harv.) | Stoebe.

thickened margin, the space between midrib and margin pitted; axils

nude ; heads in terminal, simple or subsimple glomerules ; inv. scales

chesnut colour, glossy, much acuminate ; achene glabrous, somewhat fur-

rowed ; pappus of many long plumes. Seriphiwm nervigerum, DC.1.c.263.

Has. Cape, Burchell, No. 7570. Zeekuvalley, Mundt.! Clanwilliam, Ecklon.

Zwarteberg and Olifant R., Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

- A small, twiggy flexuous bush, 3-8 inches high ; the young twigs villous. Leaves

very rigid, not at all spiral, woolly within and at the axils, pale green and glossy

without. Inv. scales nearly 4 lines long, very taper-pointed. Flowers purple. There

is a trace of an annulus to the achene, and consequently, as DC. observes, this

species is doubtfully referable either to Stoebe (Less.) or to Seriphium, an excellent

reason for combining these genera!

10. S. rugulosa (Harv.); dwarf, much-branched and ramulous ; leaves

imbricated, erect, rigid, linear, mucronulate, glabrate, keeled, and pitted-

inv. rugulose beneath ; axils nude; heads interminal, oblong, shortspikes;

scales horn-coloured, obtuse; achenes villous; pappus of many plumes.

Has. Brede River, Mundt.! (Herb. Hk., D.)

This agrees with S. nervigera in habit and the pitted backs to the leaves ; but the

leaves though keeled are not prominently midribbed, the inv. scales are blunt, of

paler colour and shorter, about 2 lines long. The achenes too are somewhat villous,

and the heads more spicate. Flowers purple. The inflor. is nearly that of S. fusca.

11. S. phleoides (Sch. Bip.); suffruticose, erect, with virgate bran-

ches, villous; leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminate, sub-aristate, straight

and erecto-patent, or the lower squarrose and twisted, those on the

twigs more linear and involute; axils not leaf-tufted; glomerules in an

oblong, cylindrical spike, the fioral-leaves often longer than the flow-

ers; inv. scales scarious, acuminate, horn-colour; ovaries glabrous,

furrowed; pappus of many plumes. Seriphiwm phleoides, DC. 1. c. 262.

Seriph. candicans, Mundt.! MSS.

Var. B., phyllostachya; spike more lax and interrupted, floral leaves longer

than the glomerules. Seriph. phyllostachyum, DC, l. c.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 5052, 5131. Mountains near Swellendan, Mundt.! Ecklon!

Knysna Pappe./ Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A foot or more high, not much branched. Leaves 3-7 lines long, the larger

lanceolate expanded, and midribbed, the sm:ller more or less involute, and somewhat

twisted, the younger cobwebbed or thinly tomentose, becoming glabrate. Spikes 1-2

inches long, } inch diameter. Flowers white. In uniting the two forms indicated

by DC. I adopt his name “ph/eoides” as most expressive, although I do not find

the inv. scales to be “‘velvetty” as described ; but then DC.’s specimen was either

immature, or, as he suspects, a monstrosity. In our plant the spike is very dense,

and the floral leaves sometimes longer, sometimes shorter than the glomerules.

_12. S, copholepis (Sch. Bip. Cass. Unifl. p. 23) ; shrubby, branching-

virgate ; leaves lance-oblong, imbricating, erect, convex-backed, setaceo-

mucronate, on both sides woolly, not involute ; axils nude ; heads in

dense, oblong or ovate, terminal spikes ; floral leaves short ; inv. scales

oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, horn-colour ; achene angular, silky ; paP-

pus of many plumes,

Has. Palmiet River, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

8-12 inches high, erect, bushy. Branches imbricated with leaves throughout.

Leaves 3-4 lines long, 1~1} line wide, hoary, with black bristle-points. Inflorescence

about an inch long, Inv. scales nearly as in S. fusea, but mucronulate.

Stoebe. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 283

13, S. fusea (Thunb.! Cap. 728); shrubby, much branched and

ramulous ; leaves linear, involute, mucronate or obtuse, spirally twisted,

cobwebby-canescent ; axils nude; heads in small terminal tufts, or

short, oblong spikes; floral leaves shorter than the involucres; inv.

scales oblong, sub-obtuse, pointless ; achene angular, villous, pappus of

many plumes. Seriphium fuscum, Linn. Sp. 1317. Less. Syn. 351. DC./

U..¢. 262.

Haz. About Capetown, and in the Western Districts. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched, flexuous, small bush, 3-12 inches high or more, closely leafy,

with greyish, cobwebby indument. Leaves variable in length, 1-5 lines long, the

shorter ones commonly pointless. Iny. scales varying from horn-colour to rufous-

brown, subobtuse, 24 lines long. I find the achenes, both in Thunberg’s and subse-

quently collected specimens, villous. Flowers white.

14, §. incana (Thunb.! Cap. 725); much branched, albo-tomentose,

the branches slender; leaves rather laxly set, linear-involute, slender,

mucronate, spirally twisted and squarrose, white-woolly, the very old

partly nude; heads in oblong or subglobose, decurrent tufts (sub-spicate);

inv. scales chesnut-colour, lanceolate-cuspidate, much attenuate, squar-

rose; achenes silvery-canescent ; pappus of many plumes. Less./ Syn.

348. DC. lc. 260, 8S. ethiopica, Sieb.! 204, non Linn.

Has. Summit of Table Mt., abundant, July and Aug., Thunberg! Ecklon, Drege!

W.HLH., de. (Herb. Th. D. Hk. Sd) _ 7 wr

12-18 inches high, much branched, erect, very woolly. Leaves 3 lines long, the

longer ones evidently spiral, all strongly recurved. The very much attenuated,

glossy-chesnut inv. scales strongly contrast with the whiteness of the leaves and

branches, and distinguish this species from S. spiralis.

15. S. spiralis (Less.! Syn. 347); branched, tomentose, the branches

slender; leaves linear-involute, slender, mucronate, spirally twisted and

squarrose-recurved, loosely woolly, in age denuded; axils mostly nude;

heads in globose or oblong, subdecurrent glomerules or spikes ; outer

inv. scales very short, woolly ; inner pale horn-colour or yellowish,

rigid, straight, lance-acuminate, longer than the flower ; corolla-lobes

short, erect ; pappus of many plumes, without annulus. DC. /. ¢. 260.

Var. flavescens; glomerules commonly oblong ; inv. scales tawny or buff-coloured.

Seriphium flavescens, DC./ l. ce. 263.

Has. Stellenbosch, Mundt & Maire, Ecklon! B. Cape, Burchell, 7617, 8166. Du-

toit’s kloof and Draakenstein, Drege! Palmiet R., and elsewhere, Z. d& Z./ (Herb.

D., Sd., Hk.

12-18 se high, much or little branched, variably, but generally, copiously

woolly-canescent. Leaves 3-4 lines long, very squarrose. Inflorescence varying

from a nearly globose glomerule to an oblong, or cylindrical, or interrupted spike.

Next S. incana, but with much less taper-pointed and paler inv. scales, and (so far

as I can see) no annulus to the pappus.

16. 8. capitata (Berg. Cap. 338); ascending or erect, flexuous, twiggy,

with virgate flowering branches ; leaves linear-involute, aristato-mucro-

nate, spirally twisted, erecto-patent, glabrate or woolly; axils nude ;

heads in globose or oblong, simple or sub-decurrent glomerules or spikes ;

inv. scales glabrous, rufous, the inner acuminate or cuspidate; achenes

silvery ; pappus of many plumes, withan annulus. Seriphium capitatum,

Less. ! Syn. 352. DC! 1. c.263. Also, 8. perotrichoides, Less. t.c. DEC.

t.¢, 263.

234 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Stoebe.

Has. Cape, Bergius. Tradouw, Mundt.! Paarlberg, Drege! Seekuvalley, Ecklon.

Cape Flats, W.H.H., Burchell, 707. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

1-1} ft. high, straggling, either robust and woody or slender, ramulous below,

with long, erect fl.-branches. Leaves 2-6 lines long, commonly glabrous, but some-

times loosely woolly on the outside. Infl, varying from globose to oblong. I find an

obvious annulus to the pappus, and the habit is more that ofa true ‘Stoebe’ than of

a ‘ Seriphium.’

17. S. alopecuroides (Less.! Syn. 349); shrubby, robust, erect, with

virgate branches ; leaves densely crowded or fasciculate, linear-involute,

slender, mucronate, appressedly canescent, spirally twisted andsquarrose;

tufts of heads in a long, cylindrical spike, mixed with leaves ; achenes

glabrous, rib-furrowed, the ribs toothed or tubercled ; pappus of many

plumes. DC./ 1. c. 260. Seriphium alopecuroides, Lam, dict, 1. 271.

Stoebe cinerea, fol. 3, Thunb.! in Herb.

Has. Cape, Thunberg!, Thom! Bowie! Zwartekops R., Dr. Pappe/ (Herb. Th.

Hk., D., Cap.)

A robust, small shrub, 1-2 ft. high, branched in the lower part; the branches

6-18 inches long, erect, simple, very densely leafy. Leaves 4~5 lines long, very

generally with axillary leaf-tufts, Spikes of glomerules 2~3 inches long, } inch

diameter. Iny. scales horn-colour, acuminate. Young achenes somewhat cobwebbed,

old glabrous, deeply furrowed, with toothed ribs ; a small annulus outside the pappus-

Corolla white.

18. §. cinerea (Thunb.! Cap. 727); shrubby, much branched and

ramulous; leaves polymorphous (varying from minutely-oval or grain-

shaped and obtuse to linear, elongate, mucronate, in the latter case

squarrose and spirally twisted, glabrate or woolly); heads in roundish

tufts, collected in along, lax or dense, sub-interrupted spike; inner

iny. scales chesnut colour, much acuminate; achenes 4—5 angled and

furrowed, transversely lamellated above; pappusof many plumes. Less./

Syn. 350.

_ Var. a, plumosa (Less.!); leaves woolly canescent, mostly granular or shortly

linear, very obtuse, but varying on the same branchto linear and mucronate. Stoebe

plumosa, Thunb.! Seriphium plumosum, Linn.! DC.! l.c. 262. Ser. vermiculatum,

DC. (fide sp. Ectk. !, Drege!)

Var. B. virgata (Less.!); leaves glabrate, frequently linear and mucronate, but

varying on the same branch to obtuse or granular; spike lax. Stoebe virgata, Th.!

Seriph. plumosum, 8B. DC.! lc.

Var. y. cinerea (Less!); leaves linear, mucronate, squarrose, spirally twisted,

the axils often nude ; spike denser, more cylindrical. Stoebe cinerea, Th.! Seriphium

cinereum, Linn.) DC.! l.c. 262.

Has. In und and by road-sides, Se Orange

State ; and st Weal (Herb. Th., D., ae, 81) <2 a ania ai

Most variable in foliage, but I fully agree with Lessing on the propriety of uniting

the above varieties under one specific name. Leaves varying from 4 line to 3-4

lines long ; and any thing but uniform on the same specimen. Spikes 3-5 inches

long. If Drege’s specimens are to be depended on, “8. vermiculata,” DC. does not

differ from our var. a.

Doubtful species.

8.? vermiculata (DC. 1. c. 263) ; “stems erect, branching, glabrous,

twigs woolly; leaves sessile, short, spreading, concave and tomentose

above, glabrate beneath, often with leaf-tufts ; heads glomerate, the

glomerules spicate.” Seriphium vermiculatum, DC. 1. ¢.

a ee

Perotriche.} COMPOSIT& (Hary.) 285

Cede Dre and’ Wynberg ; and Vanstaadens R., Uitenhage, Drege! Ecklon!

erb. D.

How does this differ from a common form of S. cinerea ?

S.? adpressa (DC. 1. c.); “stem erect, much-branched; leaves ses-—

sile, very minute, strictly adpressed, and with the twigs cobwebbed ;

heads in the upper axils, solitary, and thus spicate, erect.” Seriphium ?

adpressum, DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 7573. (Perfect inflorescence unknown ; therefore doubtful.)

S. filaginea (Sch. Bip.); “leaves linear-involute, mucronulate, sub-

erect, the younger cobwebby beneath, at length glabrous; axils nude;

heads crowded in a subglobose glomerule ; outer inv. scales very short,

woolly ; inner scarious, elongate, very much acuminate, brownish-

purple. Flowers not seen.” Seriphium filagineum, DC. l. c. 263.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 7764. (Unknown to us.)

Specimens distributed by Drege under this name appear to me to be monstrosities

of some species, with diseased inflorescence.

XCIII. PEROTRICHE, Cass.

Heads one-fl., the fl. tubular, 5-toothed, perfect. Recept. naked. Jnv.

scales oblong, imbricated, chaffy, appressed. Achenes without pappus,

beakless, glabrous, sessile, cylindrical. Style-branches pencilled at the

apex only. DC. Prodr, 6. 264.

A small shrub with the aspect of Stoebe perotrichoides ; differing generically from

Stoebe, by the want of pappus. Name, mnpos, wanting, and Opig, a hair ; without

pappus.

1. P. tortilis (Cass.); Less. Syn. 353. DC.! 1. c. 264. Gymnachena

bruniades, Reich. in Sieb. Fl. Cap. 23.

Has. Cape Flats, in heathy places; Bergius, Ecklon, Pappe, W.H. H. (Herb.

Hk., D., Sd.)

About 8-12 inches high, much-branched, densely leafy ; the fl. branches virgate,

ending in a globose glomerule of many heads. Leaves linear involute, aristate-

mucronate, spirally twisted, cobwebbed, becoming glabrous. Flowers purple. This

plant is so very similar in aspect to Stoebe ichoides, that it may easily be mis-

taken for it, unless the achenes be examined !

XCIV. TRICHOGYNE, Less.

Heads several-fl., moneecious, all the fi. tubular; the female marginal,

1-6, among the innermost inv. scales or paleze ; male numerous, central,

5-toothed, tapering at base. Recept. bearing marginal palez, naked in

the centre. Jnv. scales loosely imbricate in several rows. Style in

the male-fl. simple, dilated and downy at the apex; in the female bifid,

Pappus none in the female fi.; in the males of slender bristles plumose

at top, uniseriate. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 264.

Depressed, branching, densely leafy suffrutices. Leaves minute, linear, often in-

volute, woolly on their upper, glabrate on the lower surface, often fascicled. Name

from Opt, a hair, and yun, a female ; the female fi. are slender, like hairs.

Stems shrubby, much branched :—

Inv. scales all dry and membranous :

Heads in terminal tufts. Lvs. erect. Inner inv.

DOMIGE WHI... oes ec A Se ee os (1) decumbens,

286 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Trichogyne.

Heads in short or long spikes. Lvs. spreading.

ee WOME SOKY koe a. ees vee (2) Pe.

Outer inv. scales herbaceous ; inner membranous :

‘is Unarmed. Outerinv.scalesclose-lying. Hds. 7-8-fl. (3) seriphioides.

‘Branches spine-tipped. Outer inv. scales spreading.

Heads §-fls- 2... ee ey eS

Stems simple, herbaceous ; root annual :

Heads 3-5, axillary ; much shorter than the fl. leaf ... (5) verticillata.

Heads in terminal tufts, subtended by many long leaves: eM

Leaves very slender, terete-involute ... ... +. (6) paronychioides.

Leaves linear, flat, or with sub-inflexed edges ... (7) glomerata.

1, T. decumbens (Less.! Syn. 359); stem shrubby, depressed or pros-

trate; leaves linear-terete, obtuse, imbricate, erect, thinly silvery; axils

nude ; heads in terminal, globose tufts; inv. cylindrical, the scales

membranous, the innermost white, obtuse, spreading ; pappus feathered

for more than half its length, the plumes spreading or recurved. DC.!

lc. 265. Gnaph. decumbens, Th.! Cap. 646.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Sneeuweberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root woody. Stems 3-6 lines long, prone, densely ramulous ; the twigs short,

erect, closely imbricate with leaves. Leaves 2-24 lines long, slightly whitish and

glossy. Heads 3-8 in a tuft. Outer inv. scales brown.

2. T. reflexa (Less.! Syn. 265); stem shrubby, procumbent or creep-

ing ; leaves linear-terete, mucronulate or obtuse, slender, spreading, the

adult externally glabrous; axils often gemmiferous ; heads either in

oblong or cylindrical, dense or lax terminal spikes, or in small subses-

sile tufts along the branches ; inv. cylindrical, all the scales membran-

ous, rufous, obtuse, incurved ; pappus serrate below, barbato-plumose

toward the apex, the plumes zery short, erecto-patent. DC./ 1. c. 265,

also 7. radicans, DC.!1. c.. Stoebe reflexa, Linn. Th.! Cap. 727. Sert-

phium reflecum, Pers. :

Has. Cape Flats and Simon’s Bay, and in the W. districts, common. (Herb.

Th., D., Hk. Sd.)

Stems extensively creeping, 1 or more feet long. Leaves 2-4 lines long. Inv.

scales foxy or pale-chesnut. “ Trichogyne seriphioides, litt. e,” Drege! belongs to

this ; as does also the same collector’s specimens of 7’. radicans DC., which cer-

tainly is not “‘erect.” The inflorescence varies greatly, not only in different speci-

mens, but on different parts of the same specimen.

3. T. seriphioides (Less.! Syn. 360); stem shrubby, erect or diffuse,

the fl. branches long, curved; leaves minute or linear, squarrose or

reflexed, woolly within, thinly cobwebbed without ; axils gemmuliferous;

heads (not glomerate) in long, distichous spikes, 7—8-fl.; inv. cylin-

drical, the outer scales leaf-like, short, obtuse, appressed ; inner mem-

branous, horn-colour, obtuse, incurved ; pappus shortly plumose toward

the apex. DC.! 1. c. 265. Gnaph. seriphioides, Berg. Cap. 267. Th. Cap.

646. Metalasia seriphioides, Don. Seriphiwm distichum Lam. Stoebe dis-

ticha, Linn. Th. Cap., 727. Also Stoebe fasciculata, Th. Cap. l. ¢.

A ad a Capetown and Simonstown, and in the W. Districts. (Herb. Th.,

A straggling shrub, 2-3 ft. high. The leaves vary in size and shape, much as do

poe ee ee: from eh ‘ins hing Oe larger more open. —

heads inches long or more, head separate, laxly or densely set. Invo

pale horn-colour. Male-fl. 6-7, female 1. dca :

Phoenocoma. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 287

4, T. laricifolia (Less.! Syn. 361) ; stem shrubby, erect or diffuse,

the fl. branches long, curved, often spine-tipped, glabrate ; leaves linear-

involute, keeled, slender, spreading, glabrate externally ; axils gemmi-

ferous ; heads in long, subdistichous spikes, 5—fl. ; inv. cylindr., the

outer scales leaf-like, linear, spreading, inner membranous, horn-colour,

obtuse ; pappus flexuous, shortly plumose toward the apex. DC. 1. c.

265. Seriph. laricifolium, Lam. Artemisia ambigua, Sieb.! Fl. No. 21.

Stoebe disticha, fol. 2., Herb Thunb. ! ;

Has. Dry ground round Capetown, Thunberg! Mundt.! Ecklon, Drege! Sieber !

(Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Very like 7. seriphioides, but more scrubby, often spinous ; with narrower and

longer leaves and smaller fl. heads ; the outer inv. scales less close-pressed and longer.

5. T. verticillata (Less.! Syn. 361) ; annual ; stems many from the

crown, or solitary, erect, simple, densely leafy; leaves linear, elongate,

with inflexed edges, much longer than the fl. heads; heads 3—5-toge-

ther, sessile in the axils, 6—8-f1.; inv. scales membranous, glossy, acu-

minate. DC.! 1.c. 265. Gnaph. verticillatum, Thunbd.! Cap. 648. [floga

polycnemordes, Fenzl.! (fide Drege! ).

Has. Throughout the colony, in moist, sandy places. (Herb, Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root, slender, simple. Stems 1-6 inches high, 1 or many, erect, quite simple,

closely leafy throughout. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 4 line wide. FI. heads in the

axils of most of the leaves.

6. T. paronychioides (DC.! 1. c. 266); annual; stems many from the

crown, very short, diffuse, leafy at the summit only ; leaves linear, in-

volute, elongate, glabrate without; heads in tufts at the ends of the

stems, surrounded by many leaves ; invol. scales membranous, glossy,

acuminate.

Has Silverfontein, Kl. Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A minute annual; stems 4-1 inch long. Leaves 3 inch long, very slender,

Invol. pale. :

7. T. glomerata (Harv.); annual; stems several from the crown,

very short, diffuse, sparsely leafy; leaves linear, flattish, or with sub-

inflexed margins, woolly within, glabrate without, acute; heads in

large, globose tufts at the ends of the stems, surrounded by many leaves;

iny. scales membranous, rufous, glossy, acuminate.

Has. Cape, Echl. § Zey.! (Herb. Sond.)

Very like 7’. paronychioides (perhaps a mere variety), but with broader and much

flatter leaves, and rufous involucres. Leaves 3-5 lines long, nearly a line to a line

wide. Glomerules }—1 inch diameter.

XCV. PHENOCOMA, Don.

Heads very many-fl., moneecious, all the fi. tubular, 5-toothed ; mar-

ginal female, in a single row ; central male, with abortive stigma. Je-

cept. nude. Pappus in 1 row, of many rough bristles, equalling the

corolla ; in the female fl. variously cohering, in the male club-shaped.

DC. Prodr. 6, p. 266.

A much-branched, robust, small shrub. Branches tomentose. Twigs very short,

almost papilleform, closely imbricated with minute, scale-like, bluntly-ovate, glabrous

leaves. Cauline leaves (subtending the twigs), acuminate, rigid, deciduous. Heads

’

288 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Petalacte.

terminal, solitary. Inv. imbricate in many rows, the scales woolly at base ; outer

_ short, appressed, acuminate ; inner very long, radiating, lanceolate, acuminate, rosy-

purple, very showy. Name from gaewos, shining, and koun, a head of hair.

“1. P. prolifera (Don.), Less./ Syn. 358. DC./1.c. Xeranth. prolife-

‘rum, Linn. Helichrysum proliferum, Willd. Bot. Mag. t.2365. Bot, Reg.

t.21. Andr. Rep. t. 374.

Has. Mountains in Stellenbosch, Worcester, and Caledon. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, Branches mamillated with minute twigs. Heads 1-14 inch

across, very splendid.

XCVI. PETALACTE, Don.

Heads 10-20-f1., moneecious, all the fl. tubular, 5-toothed ; the mar-

ginal few (1-3) female, hidden among the innermost inv. scales ; the

rest male. Jnv. imbricated, the outer scales scarious, very hairy; inner

stipitate, tipped with petaloid, (white), radiating, obtuse laminz. Lecept.

with marginal palez, naked in the middle. <Achenes beakless, glabrous,

the central ones abortive. Pappus slender, in one row, capillary, that

of the male-fl. subplumose or clavate at the apex. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 267.

Small shrubs or half shrubs with white-woolly, entire, alternate, spathulate or

obovate leaves. Heads in corymbose, shortly-peduncled glomerules. Outer inv.

scales very shaggy, rufous or light brown; inner with woolly claws, at the apex

expanded into a broad, petal-like spreading lamina. Name from zwerador, a petal,

and activ, aray. In habit they resemble Helichrysa of the section Dasylepidea.

Outer iny. scales very woolly, stipitate ; inner with subrotund

potelold tipi: <a. 5sacicesneee Gases Poe ee

Outer inv. scales laxly villous, broad-based ; inner with oblong,

petaloid tips rss eee cree Sees > ave GRY SS obec ase ee eo E OONOODNe

1. P. coronata (Don.); leaves spathulate-oblong, coriaceous, on both

sides albo-tomentose, tipped with a black mucro; outer inv. scales

stipitate, very woolly, with small tips; inner with broadly obovate,

subrotund, white tips; pappus shortly plumose. DC. l. c. 267. Peta-

lolepis coronata, Less.! Syn. p. 357. Gnaph. coronatum, Linn. Th.! Cap.

650. Gn. Achille, Sieb. Fl. No. 14.

Has. Western Districts, common. Zey.! 893. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A woolly suffrutex, about a foot or 18 inches high, erect, not much-branched ;

(1) coronata.

_ the branches virgate. Leaves 3-1} inch long, 2-3 lines wide, tapering to the base-

Heads several together in a tuft ; the tufts in a branching corymb. Inv. scales

with opaque white, rarely rosy or purple laminas. P. discolor, Don seems to be &

trifling variety, with discoloured rays.

2. P. canescens (DC. 1. c. 267) ; leaves obovate-oblong, thinnish, on

both sides albo-tomentose, tipped with a brown mucro ; outer inv. scales

broad-based, loosely woolly, with brown, ovate, glabrous tips ; inner

with linear-oblong, white tips; pappus-bristles thickened towards the

summit, serrulate.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 7310. Mts. round Swellendam, FZ. ¢ Z.! e! Zey.! 290%.

(Herb. D., Hk, Sd., Cap.) est bist 7,

A straggling, or decumbent, slender euffrutex, much less robust and woolly than

P. coronata. Leaves } inch long, 2-3 lines wide, flexible. Heads in a simple, few-

headed corymb, subsessile. Outer iny. scales deep brown, inner with snow-white tips-

ee.

A naseton. | _ COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 289

XCVIL ANAXETON, Cass.

Heads few-flowered, moneecious, all the fl. tubular, 5-toothed; one

or two female, the rest male. Recep. flat, without pales, woolly or

glabrous, Jnv. scales in many rows, dry, loosely imbricate, the inner-

most clawed, spathulate, with a roundish (white) lamina. Style in the

male-fl. quite simple. Achenes sessile, cylindrical, beakless, the fertile

granulated or pubescent. Pappus of a few scabrous or shortly plumose

bristles, shorter than the flower. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 267.

Small shrublets, erect or ascending, sparingly branched ; the fl. branches closely

leafy below, somewhat pedunculoid upwards. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, quite

entire, sessile, mucronate, one-nerved, nerve channelled above, with revolute margins.

Heads small in branching corymbs ; iny. scales white or rosy-purple. The habit is

something like that of Metalasia, but the leaves are contrariwise; glabrate or glossy

on their upper, tomentose on their Jower surface. Name unexplained.

Upper surface of the leaves quite smooth and even :

Outer inv. scales quite glabrous, rosy or purple; heads

RRS se ee oe ee ee ee ee wk, (1) OP DOTOROONE,

Outermost scales woolly, medial glabrous, brown ; heads

Bag N sO Se ee sd ee eee (a) Vipaton

Outer and medial scales, silky-villous; heads 5-6 fl.: ;

Leaves narrow-linear, erecto-patent ... ... ... (4) asperum, 8,

Leaves oblong, patent reflexed; outer inv. scales

brown © ..5 oe OV a ae ae ee)

Upper surface of the leaves rough with raised points:

Younger leaves cobwebby or tomentose; older nude:

Erect; lvs. erecto-patent ; cymes peduncled ... (4) asperum, a.

Diffuse ; lvs. falcate-recurved ; glomerules on leafy

branches Bae mee ne Sele te es ee ae a Oe

Younger leaves pilose, with long silky hairs; outer inv. ‘

scales much acuminate; inner with ovate tips... ... (6) hirsutum.

1. A. arborescens (Cass.); flowering branches woolly, leafless at the

summit; leaves linear, mucronate, patent, tomentose beneath, glabrous

and glossy above; heads about 5-fl.; outer inv. scales acute, glabrous,

glossy, reddish, or purple, much shorter than the oblong, obtuse, or emar-

ginate white inner scales. Less. / Syn. 354. DC. /1.c.268. Gnaph. arbo-

rescens, Linn. Gn. arboreum, Linn. Th.! Cap.645. Lam. Ill. t. 692, f. 2.

Pan ae on the hills round Capetown and in the W. districts. (Herb. Th.,

A foot ae 8 inches high; branches erect, or curved, virgate. Leaves }-1 inch

long, 1-2 lines wide, horizontally spreading or recurved, pungent, rigid. Pedunc.

1-3 inches long. Corymb much branched; outer inv. scales often purple. Achenes

enveloped in long wool.

3. A. nycthemerum (Less.! Syn. 355); flowering branches woolly,

distantly leafy ; leaves oblong, mucronate, patent-reflexed, tomentose

beneath with revolute edges, glabrous and smooth above ;, heads in a

very dense, glomerulated, hemispherical, branched cyme, 5-flowered ;

outer inv. scales brown, villous, shorter than the oblong, obtuse, white

inner scales ; recept. quite nude. DC. /. c. 268.

Has. Southern slope of Devil’s Mt., Bergius. Collected by Mundt! but the locality

uncertain, #. dé Z.! (Herb. Sond., D., Cap.)

Ascending-erect, about a foot high, branched chiefly near the base, the branches

curved upwards, closely leafy for more than half their length. Leaves strongly re-

VOL, III. 19

290 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Anameton.

flexed, 4-3 inch long, 2 lines wide, all mucronate (even in the original specimen in

Hb. Berol.) Inflorescence at first hemispherical, almost capitate, afterwards ex-

panding into a much and closely-branched corymb. Outer inv. scales deep brown,

strongly contrasting with the white inner scales,

2. A. virgatum (DC. 1.c. 268); stem subsimple, erect, slender, leaf-

less at the summit ; leaves linear, with revolute margins, erect or erecto-

patent, quite smooth above, the younger ones woolly beneath; heads

minute, 2—3-fl., densely crowded; base of the invol. woolly, medial

scales ovate, acute, brown, glabrous, inner white, short, undulate ; recept.

nude.

Has. Cape L’Aguillas, Drege. Cape, E. & Z.! (Herb. Sond.)

1 have seen no specimen of Drege’s plant, but describe from a sp. of #. & Z. in

Hb. Sond., which answers pretty nearly to DC.’s description. It looks like a very

slender depauperated form of A. arborescens, with much smaller involucres and fewer

flowers in each.

4, A. asperum (DC.! 1. c. 268); flowering branches woolly, leafless

at the summit ; leaves linear, mucronate, erecto-patent, tomentose be-

neath, glabrous or cobwebbed, and either scabrous or smooth above;

outer inv. scales acute, reddish, villous or softly and densely hairy,

shorter than the obtuse inner scales; recept. nude.

Vak. a. asperum ; upper surface of the leaves rough with raised points ; inv. scales

very hairy. <A. asperum, DC.l.c. Gn. asperum, Th.! Cap, 641.

Var. 8. leve ; upper surface of leaves quite smooth ; invol. scales villous.

Has. Hills about Capetown and Simon’s bay, Thunb.! Stellenbosch and Caledon,

Ecklon! Drakenstein and Hott. Holland, Drege! Zey.! 2912. 8. Table Mt., and

Simonstown, W.H.H., C. Wright, No. 328, 359, 360. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very similar in to A. arborescens, but readily known by its silky-villous

involucre. Var. §. is intermediate between true “ arborescens,” of which it has the

leaves, and true ‘‘asperwm,” of which it has the involucres. The leaves in both vars.

are more erect than in A. arborescens ; the inv. scales less rufous. Zeyher’s 2912 has

the leaves copiously cobwebbed with loose, deciduous wool. The receptacle is nude

and the achenes pubescent, but not wrapped in wool as they are in A. arborescens.

5. A. recurvum (DC.! |. c. 268); robust, diffuse, much-branched,

flexuous ; branches very woolly, closely leafy to the summit or nearly

80; leaves linear, with strongly-revolute margins, mucronate, scabrous,

but nude above, woolly beneath, spreading or falcate, recurved ; heads

(immature) densely-crowded in a hemispherical glomerule (afterwards

probably expanding 7?) ; outer inv. scales ovate, acute, brown, villous ;

ne D peas (not fully grown). Gnaph. recurvum, Lamk. Dict. 2, p. 74,

e DC.

Pas pore District, Ecklon ! Hott. Holl. Berg., Zey/ 2911. (Herb. Sd.,

-» Cap.

Stems robust, diffuse or procumbent, shaggy and closely leafy. Leaves like those

of A. asperum, from which this seems chiefly to differ in habit. DC. describes the

inv. scales as “ quite glabrous,” but I find them copiously silky on Ecklon’s original

specimen. Until the fully-developed inflorescence shall be found this sp. must

remain doubtful.

6. A. hirsutum (Less.! Syn. 356); fl. branches hirsute, sparsely leafy

at the summit ; leaves linear-oblong, mucronate, erect, with strongly

revolute margins, hairy beneath, roughly-pilose (becoming nude in age)

Athrivia. | COMPOSIT (Hary.) 291

and scabrous above; heads subcapitate ; outer inv. scales much acu-

minate, brownish, very densely hairy except at the points, shorter than

the ovate inner scales. DC. 1. c. 268. Gnaph. hirsutum, Thunb.! Cap.

646 (but not G. asperum, pte. as stated by Lessing ).

Has. Cape (no locality stated), Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

About a foot high, not tomentose or woolly, but clothed with long, soft, silky

brown hairs. Leaves closely set, imbricating, 3-5 lines long, rigid. Heads 6-12

together in terminal tufts. Outer inv. scales dark-coloured. The left hand speci-

men of ‘‘ Gn. asperwm” Thunb., in Herb Th., referred to by Lessing, exactly agrees

with A. asperum var. a, DC., and differs from the present in its woolly toment not

silky pubescence.

XCVIII. ATHRIXTA, Ker.

Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-/l. in a single row, ligulate or bi-

ligulate, female ; dise.-f. perfect, 5-toothed, tubular. Aecept. naked.

Inv. turbinate, the scales closely imbricate in many rows, aristate-re-

curved at the points. Achenes oblong, beakless, sometimes with a tuft

of hairs at the base, sometimes naked, glabrous or pilose. Pappus con-

sisting either wholly of filiform, rough bristles in a single row; or more

frequently of bristles and short serrulate scales alternating. DC. Prodr.

6, p. 276.

African suffrutices with the aspect of some Asters. Leaves alternate, decurrent

or sessile, linear or narrow, mucronate, rigid, with revolute margins, tomentose

beneath, smooth or scabrous above. Heads terminal, solitary ; rays spreading,

white or purple ; disc yellow. Natives of Abyssinia and Madagascar, as well as of

the Cape. Name, possibly from a@np, an awn ; from the awned iny. scales ?

Leaves sessile, ovato-lanceolate, smooth above, woolly beneath (1) phylicoides.

Leaves sessile, linear, smooth above.

Stem much branched, tall; branches spreading ; achenes

ees ee ss, es os (8) ete.

Stem subsimple; branches erect; achenes quite glabrous (3) angustissima.

Leaves sessile, linear, gland-hispid above... ... ... ... (4) Gerrardi.

Leaves more or less decurrent, scabrous above ; the upper-

most at least linear-subulate, the lower either similar or

P: ned seg of heiethon with short, interposed (5)

‘appus consisting of bri Wi in scales (5) heterophylla.

Pappus consisting of bristles only (no short scales) _—.... (6) Capensis.

1, A. phylicoides (DC.! 1. c. 277); stem erect, slender, fruticose, dif-

fusely much branched, the twigs glabrate ; leaves sessile, ovato-lanceo-

late or lanceolate, acuminate, with slightly reflexed margins, white-

tomentose beneath, above dark-green and glossy, 3-nerved at base, and

veiny ; inv. cobwebbed, the scales lanceolate-acuminate ; pappus with

interposed scales; achenes pilose.

Has. Tambukiland, Ecklon! betw. Omsamcubo and Omtata, Drege! Trans Kei

Hi. Bowker! No, 70!. Natal, Dr.Sutherland! Bushman’s River, Natal, Gerr. § M’X.!

547. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) :

A slender, much-branched, twiggy shrub, “‘ used in making brooms and its leaves

infused as tea”—( Dr. Sutherland), Leaves 3-1 inch long, not unlike those of Phy-

lica paniculata, but larger, the midrib alone visible beneath through the toment.,

lateral veins obvious on the glossy, upper surface. Heads terminating small twigs ;

the invol. scales variable in shape, more or less taper-pointed. I find scales among

the pappus bristles, and the achenes constantly clothed with erect, white hairs.

292 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Athriau.

2. A. elata (Sond. in Linn. vol. 23, p. 67); stem tall, tapering up-

-wards, very much branched, the branches lateral, spreading, filiform,

simple or ramulous ; leaves linear, sessile, acute, glabrous and smooth

above, tomentose with revolute margins beneath ; heads terminal and

lateral-secund in the axils of the upper leaves ; invol. scales bristle-

pointed, syuarrose; achenes pilose ; pappus with interposed scales.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke § Zeyher! Zey.! 911. Basutu Land, 735, and Albert,

No. 1754, T. Cooper! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) :

Stems 2-3 feet high, rigid, ligneous, terete, straight and tapering to a fine point;

-branches lateral, spreading or recurved, filiform, in large specimens emitting lateral,

spreading twigs; young parts cobwebbed or woolly, old glabrate and glossy. Leaves

‘ about 1 inch long, 4 line wide. Heads sometimes ending the branches, but more

commonly subsessile, or on short, axillary twigs in the axils of the upper leaves,

and then secund. Achenes exactly like those of A. phylicwfolia.

8. A. angustissima (DC.! 1. c. 277); stem slendet, erect, slightly

branched, the branches erect ; leaves narrow-linear, acute, sessile, quite

glabrous and smooth above, tomentose below with revolute margins ;

inv. scales setaceous, erect ; ovaries slender, elongate, glabrous at base;

pappus with interposed scales, the bristles very caducous.

Has. On the Witberg, 6-7000 f., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.)

4-6 inches high, probably tufted. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 4 line diameter, rigid,

erecto-patent. Heads ending the branches, sub-peduncled, with a few scales on the

—— smaller than in other species, the inv. scales very narrow and bristle-

pointed.

4, A. Gerrardi (Harv.); stem ascending-erect, sparingly branched,

robust; branches erect, closely leafy to the summit, pubescent; leaves

sessile, not decurrent, linear, with recurved points and revolute margins,

rough with glandular bristles on the outer surface, tomentose beneath ;

pappus with interposed scales.

Has. Dry plains in Zululand, W. 7. Gerrard! 1029. (Herb. D.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high, much stronger and more densely leafy than in A. Capensis, very

rough with glandular hairs. The leaves are uniformly linear, 1-1} inch long, 4

line wide, not in the least decurrent at base. Heads 3 inch long, and wide ; inv.

scales bristle-pointed. Flowers blue. Achenes hispidulous at base. Quite unlike

A, sessilifolia, DC.

5. A. heterophylla (Less.! Syn. 366); stem ascending-erect, sparingly

branched, branches cobwebbed, simple or ramulous ; lower leaves ob-

long, upper linear-subulate, pungent, with revolute margins, strongly

decurrent at base, rough with glandular bristles outside ; pappus with

interposed scales. DC.1.¢c.277. Aster heterophyllus, Th.! Cap. 688.

Also A. sessilifolia, DC.! 1. e.

Has. Langekloof, Krumriver and trahs Kamtousriver, Thunberg! Uitenhage and

‘Swellendam, Ecklon! Dutoitskloof and Drakenstein, Drege! Albany, 7’. W., Mrs.

F. W. Barber! &c. Brit. Kaffraria, T. Cooper! 287. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Undistinguishable from A. Capensis by any character except that of the pappus!

_ the lower leaves are sometimes as narrow as the upper. Drege’s specimens (in Herb.

D., Hk.) of A. sessilifolia, DC. have the leaves certainly decurrent, and a tuft

of hairs at base of achene, and do not at all differ from weakly specimens of A.

heterophylla, f

“Os. Capensis (Ker. Bot. Reg. t.681); stem erect, sparingly branched;

A ntithrixia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 293

branches erect, virgate, leaves (except in var. 8.) linear-subulate, pun-

gent, with revolute margins, strongly decurrent at base, rough with

glandular bristles on the outer surface ; pappus wholly of rough bristles.

Less.! Syn. p. 365. DC! l.c.276. Aster crinitus, Thunb.! Cap. p. 688.

Var. 8B. latifolia (DC.) ; lower and medial leaves broadly oblong or lanceolate,

expanded, nearly smooth above or scabrous along the edge merely, white-woolly

beneath, with inflexed margin.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Ecklon. Paarlberg and Swellendam, Drege! ~. In Wor-

cester and Clanwilliam, Z. § Z.! Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

About a foot high, branched chiefly near the base, very rigid, canescent. Leaves

an inch long, mostly linear, the lower ones occasionally broader, decurrent for a

long way down the stem. Inv. scales with very long, narrow, bristle-shaped, re-

curved points. Rays purple. Achenes with a tuft of bristles at base. Var. 8, has:

the foliage nearly of A. heterophylla, but not the pappus!

XCIX. ANTITHRIXIA, DC.

Heads many-fi., radiate, the ray-fi. ligulate, flat, female; disc-fl. tubu-

lar, 5-toothed. Jnv. imbricate, the scales linear-oblong, with dry, obtuse

points. Recept. nude. Anthers tailed. Style-branches truncate. Achenes

terete, glabrous, with a small, basal, pubescent style, sub-rostrate. Pap-

pus in one row, of very many, rigid, roughish bristles, slightly united

at base. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 277.

A small, dwarf shrub, much branched and twiggy ; the young twigs cobwebbed,

becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite, slightly connate at base, linear, short, obtuse,

woolly above, midribbed and glabrate beneath, the midrib scabrous. Avxils often

leaf-bearing. Heads terminal, solitary, yellow. The invol. is that of a Leyssera ;

the pappus of Athrizia; and the foliage that of some Pteronia. Name from ay7i,

contrary to, and Athrixia ; different from Athrizia.

1. A. flavicoma (DC. 1. c. 278).

Has. Camiesberg, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched scrub, about a foot high. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Heads about

4 inch long. Inv. glossy, the scales rigid below, membranous at the point, fulvous.

C. LEYSSERA, Linn.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, female, with shorter ovaries ;

disc-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, perfect. ecept. withoufpalex, subfimbril-

liferous. nv. imbricate, of dry scales. Achenes terete, shortly beaked,

with a terminal areole. Pappus in one row; in the ray-fl. of short

scales ; in the disc-fl. of long, plumose bristles, alternating with small

scales. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 278.

Suffrutices or herbaceous plants, all African. Branches slender, leafy, ending in

one-headed peduncles. Leaves scattered, sessile, linear, often with axillary leaf-tufts.

Flowers yellow. Name, in honour of Leysser, author of the Flora Halensis.

Pappus-bristles in the disc-fl. feathered completely from top to base : oe

Inv. scales very obtuse, in few ormanyrows .. ... (1) gnaphalioides.

Inv. scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate ... ...... (2) imcana.

Pappus-bristles in the disc-fi. feathered at the top only, naked

at bake <.05 0 oe a ea ee os ce (3) tenella.

1. L. gnaphalioides (Linn. Sp. 1249, non Th.) ; suffruticose, inv.

scales all very obtuse. Less./ Syn. p. 368. DC.! 1. ¢. 278. Jacq. le

294 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Rosenia.

Rar. t. 588. L. callicornia, Th.! Cap. 690. Callicornia gnaphaliordes,

Burm. Asteropteris Callicornia, Gaertn. 2, p. 460, t. 173.

Van. f. gracilis ; inv. scales in few rows, rigid, less membranous. Herb. Th.!

Has. Common near Capetown and in the Western Districts. Var. 8. Steendahl,

near Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! (mixed with a). (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem woody at base, about a foot high, corymbosely branched, woolly or glabrous,

more or less scabrous. Leaves crowded, 10-12 lines long, not § line broad, linear,

acute, with reflexed margins, tomentose or nude, more or less sprinkled or margined

with stalked glands. Pedunce. terminal, nude, glabrous, spreading, 2-3 inches long.

Heads many-fl.; the rays yellow above, brownish-red on the underside. Inv. scales

in a. in very many rows, with widely membranous borders ; in 8. (otherwise quite

similar) in much fewer rows, more rigid, with narrow, scarcely membranous edges.

All the specimens in Herb. Thunb. belong to this variety, which is by no means so

common as a. Drege’s specimens of “ LZ. tenella, var. subcanescens” (in Hb. 8d.!)

belong to it also.

2. L. incana (Thunb.! Cap. 691); suffruticose; inv. scales (or at least

the outer ones) lanceolate, acuminate. Less./ Syn. 369. DC, l. c. 278.

Has, Cape, Thunberg! Round Capetown, Ecklon! W.H.H. (Hb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Only known from L. gnaphalioides by its taper-pointed iny. scales, a character

sometimes strongly marked, but very variable, when a large number of specimens

are examined, and I fear not to be trusted to as a specific difference.

3. L. tenella (DC.! 1. c. 279); very slender, wiry ; leaves very slen-

der ; inner inv. scales folding at base round the ovary and closely clasping

the marginal achenes, linear, subacute; pappus of the ray of 5 oblong,

toothed scales, of the dise of 5 obtuse scales and 5 bristles feathery at

top only ; tubular fl. with a very scabrous tube.

Has. Zach River, Burchell. Silverfontein, Drege! Namaqualand, Zey! (Herb. Sd.)

Similar in aspect to L. gnaphalioides var. B., but still smaller and more slender,

and always to be known by the pappus bristles (in the disc fl.) being feathered at

their apex only. Some (at least) of Drege’s distributed specimens of “‘Z. tenella var.

” have the fully plumed us of L. . B pracilis, to-whaale

they must be Gumterred 2 dae gnaph. B. gracilis, tow therefore

CI. ROSENIA, Thunb.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, female ; disc-fl. tubular, per-

fect, 5-toothed, the teeth erect. Recept. covered with conduplicate,

scarious pale. nv. imbricate, the scales dry, membrane-edged. An-

thers tailed. Achenes beakless, glabrous, of the ray 3-cornered, 3-ribbed ;

of the disc terete, furrowed. Pappus of the disc-flowers in two rows,

the outer of many short, broad scales, the inner of 2 long bristles ; of

the ray of many short scales in a single row. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 280.

A rigid shrub, with the of a Pteronia. Leaves mi i te.

Heads terminal, solitary. ~ ane in honour of the brothere 2 ssn hs So pessarsrsd

and botanists. DC's “ R. spinescens” will be found under Nestlera, (N. Dregeana, H.)

1. R. glandulosa (Thunb.! Cap. p. 692); Less.! Syn. p. 370. DC./ 1. ¢.

280,

Has. Cape (probably some part of the Karoo), Thunberg,! (Herb. Thunb.)

A rigid, much-branched shrub, 1-2 f. high, sebdionotnasee the old twigs indu-

aioe: Twigs glandular. Leaves opposite, the pairs 2-3 lines apart, oblong or ob-

ong-obovate, 2-3 lines long, 1 line wide, coriaceous, very obtuse, gland-viscid

externally, tomentose above, with subinflexed edges; the younger tomentose be-

Nestlera. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 295

neath, Inv. loosely imbricate, oblong, the scales broadly oblong, obtuse, mucronulate,

with a dark brown keel and very wide membranous edges, Pale of recept. keeled,

equalling the disc., 1-nerved, acuminate. Pappus and fl. not seen by me. The spe-

cimen in Hb. Thunb. from which I describe is in a very imperfect state. A full

account of it will be found in Lessing’s work, above quoted.

CI. NESTLERA, Spreng.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. female, ligulate ; dise-fl. 5-toothed,

tubular, perfect. Recept. without palex, either honey-combed or fim-

briate, Znv. scales imbricate in several rows, the inner scales longer, |

membranous, arid. Achene beakless, sessile, glabrous or pubescent.

Pappus short, either a toothed crown, or of several short, separate

or connate scales. DC. Prod. 6. p. 283. Also, Polychetia, Less. ! Syn.

371. DC.l.c., pro parte.

Small, arid, rigid shrublets, rarely herbaceous biennials or annuals. Leaves

alternate or opposite, sessile, linear or oblong, entire. Flowers yellow. Heads

solitary, terminal, or in the forks of the branches. Name in honour of some botanist.

Several of DC’s. sp. of Polychetia have asteroid stigmas, and all other characters of

Geigeria, under which genus they will be found.

Invol. scales acute or acuminate :

Herbaceous ; leaves decurrent, obtuse; inv. scales spreading (1) biennis,

Shrubby, glabrous; leaves sessile, subulate, pungent ... (2) acerosa.

Inv. scales obtuse:

Pappus of several distinct scales:

Erect, much branched shrubs:

Leaves ovate-oblong, tomentose, fringed with

glands, heads solitary Sige Soghe Tenee ees 1

Lvs. linear-trigonous, canous or nude; heads

OUR YOO. se Gee eee Oss i 1)

Prostrate; lvs. linear convolute; heads solitary ... (5) prostrata.

Pappus coroniform, entire, subentire, or toothed :

Heads 3-together at the ends of the twigs... ... ... (6) tricephala.

Heads solitary in the forks or at the ends of the twigs:

Leaves linear or spathulate, channelled above:

Lys. loosely woolly; inv. rufous... ...... (7) humilis.

— pigeons | inv. BS et i +: (8) conferta.

vs. cobwe or us, § spint-

ferous; branches spiny ... ... & ... (9) muriculata,

Leaves linear, flat, appressedly canescent... ... (10) itifoli

Heads subumbellate ; leaves linear-terete, closely

involute soer yesh ake 7 ae ge Gt eet ae Ue

Sect. 1. Potycuzrta (Less.): Pappus of several distinct scales (Sp, 1-5).

1. N. biennis (Spreng.); stem herbaceous, viscidulous and cobwebbed;

becoming glabrate ; leaves decurrent, linear, obtuse, glandular and

cobwebbed; inv. scales much acuminate, greatly longer than the disc-fl.

spreading at the summit, the outer ones bristle-pointed, squarrose ;

achenes elongate, 4-sided, longitudinally ribbed and furrowed. Less. /

Syn. p. 373. DC.! 1, c. 283, also N. reflexa, DC./1.c. Columellea hennis,

Jacq. Schoenb. t. 301. Stephanopappus reflexus, Less.! in Linn. 234.

Reihania refleca, Thunb. Cap. 640.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Olifant’s River, Drege’ Bellfontein, Langekloof, Dr.

Wallich! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root fibrous, annual or bennial. Stem erect, corymbosely branched, 6-12 inches

high. Leaves decurrent, 3-1 inch long, 4 line wide, the younger cobwebbed. All

296 COMPOSIT (Harv.) - | Nestlera.

parts glandular and viscidulous. Heads at first terminal, becoming lateral by the

lengthening of the branch, just beneath the head. Invol. pale horn coloured, Pappus

very white, of many short, unequal scales. Drege’s specimen, referred by DC. to

N. biennis precisely accords with Thunberg’s “ R. reflexa,”

2. N. acerosa (Harv.); shrubby, erect, glabrous, viscidulous ; leaves

linear-subulate, pungent, round-backed, furrowed above, gland-dotted,

crowded, imbricating; heads terminal, solitary, sessile; inv. scales lan-

ceolate, acute, viscidulous ; recept. honey-combed and toothed (scarcely

fimbrilliferous); achenes long, slender, angular, glabrous; pappus of

many short, slender, subulate scales, Polychetia acerosa, DC./ l.c. 285.

Has. Witteberg, Drege, Stormberg, A. Wyley! Mts. near Mequeathing, Basutu-

land, 7. Cooper! 733- -

A strong growing small bush, 12-18 inches high ; branches curved, with rounded

axils, the older ones quite bare; upper branches and twigs closely covered with

erecto-patent leaves. Leaves j-1 inch long, not a line wide, rigid, emitting a balsam.

Heads longer than the leaves, the inner iny. scales radiating. Ray-fl. not much

longer than the scales, reddish brown beneath. Style-branches truncate, pencilled

at the extremity. Anthers with long tails.—A very distinct species, especially by

the characters of the receptacle.

3. N. Dregeana (Harv.) ; stems forked, flexuous, twigs spiniferous ;

leaves opposite, oblong-obovate, flattish, tomentose, the upper ones (at

least) densely setoso-glandular along the margin ; heads terminal, soli-

tary, sessile; inv. scales oblong, broadly membrane-edged, very obtuse,

the innermost elongate, at length reflexed ; recept. fimbrilliferous ;

achenes linear-prismatic, glabrous; pappus of many short scales. Rosenia

spinescens, DC.! 1. ¢. 280. *

Has, Nieuweveld, betw. Rhinosterkop and Gangefontein, 3500-4500 f., Drege!

(Herb. Sond.)

A scrubby, tomentose, glandular bush. Leaves } inch long, 2 lines wide, hoary

above, deciduously woolly and gland-bearing beneath. This plant, erroneously referred

to Rosenia by De Candolle, has all the gen, char. of a “ Polychetia.” The fimbrils

of the recept. are much shorter than the achenes, slender and subulate.

4, N. Garnotii (Harv.) ; twigs tomentose, leaves linear, coriaceous,

sub-trigonous, spreading or deflexed, crowded, obtuse, appressedly canes-

cent or nude; heads several together in tufts at the ends of the branches;

inv. oblong, few-fl., scales appressed, obtuse, shining ; recept. fimbril-

liferous ; outer ovaries villoso-canescent; pappus of many minute, subu-

late scales. Polychatia Garnotit, Less.! Syn. 372. DO. 1. ¢. 285,

Van. 8, denudata ; leaves glabrous or nearly so ; young twigs canescent.

Has. Cape, Garnot! Zwartland, Drege! B. Cape, Bowie! (Herb. Sond., Hk.)

_A small slender shrub, of which I have seen but small specimens. Leaves 2

lines long, } line wide, squarrose. Heads 3 lines long, Pappus very minute. Fim-

brils of the recept. obtuse, connate into honeycomb-cells, obtuse. 8. in Hb. Hook.

agrees in all characters except pubescence,

5. N. prostrata (Harv.); stem shrubby, depressed or prostrate ;

branches elongate, glabrescent, viscidulous ; leaves opposite, linear-con-

volute, obtuse, tomentose above, puberulous beneath ; heads sessile at

the ends of minute, lateral, densely leafy twigs, solitary ; inv. scales

oblong, obtuse ; pappus of many subulate scales. Polycheetia oppositi-

Folia, DC.1 1. ¢. 285,

Nestlera.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 297

Has. Sneeuweberg, 3-4000 f., Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Branches trailing, 3-6 inches long, leafy throughout; emitting short, erect, densely

leafy ramuli. Leaves 2-3 lines long, not 3 a line diam. Heads 4 lines long. Inv.

glabrous, pale horn-colour. Fimbrils subulate, rather longer than the achenes.

Achenes of the ray pilose ; of the dise glabrous; pappus in both of many, narrow,

toothed, acute, white, short scales. Style-branches truncate, bearded at the apex.

Sect. 2. NusrLera (Less.) Pappus coroniform, toothed. (Sp. 6-11.)

6. N. tricephala (Harv.); stem slender, shrubby, dichotomous, nude,

the twigs canescent; leaves alternate, linear, obtuse, spreading, above

concave and tomentose-canescent, beneath green, viscidulous, subpu-

bescent ; heads 3 together at the ends of the branches, sessile, oblong ;

inv. scales appressed, obtuse, brown-margined ; pappus (fide DC.) crown-

like, toothed. Relhania triflora, E. Mey. Polychetia tricephala, DC.

l. c. 285. :

Has. Roodezand, betw. Nieuwekloof and Slargenteuvel, Drege! (Hb. Sond.)

A small, slender shrub. Leaves 4-5 lines long, nearly 1 line wide. Heads 3 lines

long. I have seen but a small specimen, and have not had an opportunity of

examining the generic character. The foliage is not unlike that of NV. prostrata.

7. N. humilis (Less. Syn. 372); shrubby, much-branched, subdicho-

tomous; branches and twigs cobwebbed, becoming nude; leaves opposite

or scattered, sessile, linear or spathulate, channelled, obtuse or subacute,

more or less villoso-tomentose or woolly, at length nearly nude; heads

ovate, terminal, and in the forks sessile, subtended by several closely-

applied leaves; inv. scales close-lying, very obtuse, the inner spreading ;

achenes short, furrowed; pappus crown-like, toothed. WV. humilis, NV.

minuta, and N. rigida, DC. 1. c. 283, 284. Relhania dichotoma, Willd.

Pteronia minuta, Linn.? Sieb.! Fl. Cap. 117. Polycheetia relhanioides,

Less. ! Syn. 371.

Has. Uitenhage and Graafreynet, Z. §: Z./ Lichtenstein, Mdt. § Maire, Zey./ 2929.

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A rigid, much-branched, scrubby bush, a foot or more high ; twigs flexuous,

Leaves 4-3 inch long, 3-1 line wide. Heads 4 lines long; inv. sc. very rigid.

Pappus minutely denticulate, A specimen (in Hb. Sond.) of ‘ Polycheetia relhani-

oides,” Less. marked by Lessing himself, has the coroniform pappus and all other

characters of VN. humilis! Lessing has therefore either confounded two plants

together, or, more probably, erroneously given two names and characters to the same

plant.

8. N. conferta (DC.! 1. c. 284); stem shrubby, depressed, or pro-

strate, dichotomous, the branches very short, crowded; leaves linear,

glabrous, subobtuse, channelled, crowded ; heads sessile in the forks

and terminal, subtended by leaves ; heads oval, the scales close-lying,

very obtuse, pale, the inner membranous at the point and spreading ;

achenes short, furrowed ; pappus crown-like, toothed.

Has. In very dry, stony places. Betw. the Sack and Gariep R., Burchell, No.

1588. On the Karroo, and the Sneeuweberg, Dreye/ (Herb. D., Hk.)

Root deeply descending, woody. Stems very dwarf, 2-3 inches high, densely

branched and leafy, Leaves 4-6 lines long, } line wide. Invol. pale straw-colour ;

by See character and its dwarf habit and quite glabrous leaves it is known from

N. humilis.

9. N. muriculata (DC. 1. c. 284); stem shrubby, much-branched,

298 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Relhania.

subdicotomous, the lower parts of the branches and twigs armed with

rigid, pungent spines (formed from the persistent bases of old leaves) ;

leaves opposite, sessile, linear, channelled, subobtuse, soon glabrous,

along the margin and midrib sparingly spinuliferous ; heads oblong,

sessile in the forks and terminal, oblong, subtended by leaves ; inv.

scales close-lying, very obtuse, the inner spreading; achenes short,

furrowed ; pappus crown-like, toothed.

Has. Zwart Ruggens, Drege. Fish River, Burke and Zey.! Caledon R., Zey.!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Similar in habit to N. humilis, but known by the persistently spinous bases of

the old decayed leaves and the spinous points on the young leaves. Inv. and its

contents similar.

10. N. oppositifolia (DC. 1. c.283); “stem shrubby, dwarf, dicho-

tomous, the younger pubescent ; leaves linear, flat, appressedly canescent,

the cauline tufted, the rameal opposite ; heads ovate-oblong, solitary in

the forks and at the apices of the twigs, sessile, subtended by leaves ;

inv. scales appressed, shining, very obtuse, even the innermost erect. DC.

Has. Zwarteberg, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

11. N. tenuifolia (DC. 1. c. 284); stem vaguely branched; leaves

linear-terete, closely involute, furrowed above, tomentose in the furrow,

glabrous without; heads subumbellate ; invol. oblong, the scales appres-

sed, the innermost obtuse.” DC.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 6760. (Unknown to us.)

CIIl. RELHANIA, L’Her.

Heads many-fi., radiate; ray-ft. uniseriate, female, ligulate ; dise-fl.

tubular, 5-toothed, perfect orsterile. ecept. flat, bearing pale between

the flowers. nv. ovate or cylindrical, the scales hard and dry, closely

imbricating. Achenes linear-prismatic, glabrous or pubescent, slender,

sometimes shortly beaked. Pappus either crown-like and shortly toothed

or subentire ; or consisting of many small, sharp scales. Relhania, Eclopes

and Khynchopsidium, DC.! Prodr. 6, pp. 286, 287, 290.

Small, rigid, branching shrublets, or rigid annuals, often gummy, either glabrous

or pubescent, Leaves alternate or opposite, quite entire, small. Heads terminal,

either solitary or corymbose, Flowers yellow. Named in honour of Rev. R. Relhan,

author of Flora Cantab. Eclopes differs merely by a minute character of pappus,

not always definite ; its species are undistinguishable to the eye from true Relhania.

Rhynchopsidium differs from Eclopes by its slightly rostrate achenes, and annual roots.

I do not think it answers any good purpose to retain such artificial genera.

Sect. 1. Rernanta. Small shrubs. Achenes beakless. Pappus either coroniform

or tubular, sub-dentate. (Sp. 1-3.)

Heads solitary, terminal, subsessile : _

Leaves linear-involute, recurved-mucronate... ... ... (1) ericoides.

Leaves oblong or obovate, very obtuse...

Heads corymbose ; leaves rigid, squarrose, oblong, acute ... (3) squarrosa.

Sect. 2. Ecrores. Small shrubs. Achenes beakless. Pappus of many short scales,

either separate or subconnate at base. (Sp. 4-13.)

Heads corymbose (or 2-3-together), pedicellate :

Inv. seales very obtuse ; heads oval-oblong : 3

Leaves recurvo-mucronate, nerved . ... ... ... (4) genistefolia.

Relhania.] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 299

Leaves very obtuse, nerveless or nearly so... ... (5) affinis.

Inner iny. scales long, narrow, acute ... ... .. )

Heads solitary, sessile, terminal :

Leaves thickish, 1-nerved or nerveless :

Leaves opposite, linear-trigonous, hook-pointed ..._ (7) euneata.

Leaves alternate, linear, thick, obtuse, dotted ... (8) sedifolia.

Lvs. alternate, fleshy, acute; invol. scales lacerate (9) centauroides,

Leaves 3—-5- or many-nerved, rigid, pungent :

Ray-fl. not much longer than the involuere :

Leaves green on both sides, dotted above ... (10) quinquenervis,

Leaves tomentose-canescent on the upper surface:

Lys. with 3~5 subdistant ribs beneath ... (11) trinervis.

Lys. closely multi-striate beneath ... .... (12) pungens,

Ray-fl. fully twice as long as the involucre; leaves 2

Rear ere (13) speciosa,

glabrous, veiny beneath ... ..

Sect. 3. RHyNcnorstp1um. Small annuals. Achenes shortly beaked. Pappus of

many short scales. (Sp. 14-16.)

Heads ovate, few-flowered ; rays shorter than the involucre :

see

Heads sessile or subsessile ... (14) sessiliflora. -

Heads on long peduncles gw ww. eee ee (15) pedunculata,

_ Heads campanulate, many-fl.; rays much longer than the

involucte®: >. 22° hae a se ae oe 1) pia.

Sect. 1. Renwanta (Less.) (Sp. 1-3.)

1, R. ericoides (Cass. Dict. XLV. 30) ; leaves linear-involute, some-

what keeled, recurvo-mucronate ; heads solitary, subsessile ; inner inv.

seales acuminate ; pappus tubular, membranous, toothed. Leyssera

ericoides, Berg. Cap. p. 294, excl. syn.

Var. a, santolinoides ; leaves about 1 inch long, the younger canescent. 2. san-

tolinoides, L’ Her. Sert. Angl. 24. Thunb.! Cap. 640. Less.! Syn. 374. DC.! l. c. 286.

Var. 8. paleacea ; leaves 3-4 lines long, mostly green. A. paleacea, L’ Her. l. c.

Thunb.! Cap. 640. Less.! Syn. 375. DC. 1. c. Leyssera paleacea, Linn. Syst. 641.

Has. Hills round Capetown, and in Worcester and Stellenbosch, Thunberg! Drege!

E. § Z.! Pappe! W.H.H., &e. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

About a foot high, corymbosely much branched, closely leafy. Leaves heath-like,

3-6-7 lines long, } line wide, green or canescent, spreading. Heads ending the

branches. Iny. glossy, pale horn-colour. Pappus crenulate. Pale narrow-linear,

conduplicate, one- entire.

2. R. rotundifolia (Less. Syn. 375); twigs tomentose, leaves oblong

or obovate, very obtuse, callous-tipped, flattish, with slightly inflexed

margins, on both sides albo-tomentose, but more thickly on the upper ;

heads terminal, solitary, sessile, campanulate, the inv. scales broadly

oblong, very obtuse, membrane edged ; pappus tubular, membranous,

erenate. DC. 1. c. 286. Gorteria ovata, Vahl., fide Less.

Has. Cape, Hb. Vahl, Groenekloof, Eckl. Klipfontein, Zey.! 917. (Hb. Hk., Sd-)

Shrubby, distantly branched ; the old branches naked, the younger closely leafy.

Leaves inch long, 2~3 lines wide, canous on both sides. Inv. scales somewhat

bullated. Rays short. Pappus tubular, half as long as the ovary, toothed. A very

distinct species.

3. R. squarrosa (L’Her. Sert. Angl. 24); leaves oblong or oval,

squarrose-recurved, acute-mucronate, subpungent, one-nerved, glabrous,

punctate ; heads corymbose, cylindrical, shortly pedicelled ; inv. scales

closely-imbricate, flat, oblong, the innermost spreading, obtuse; palee

300 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Relhania.

conduplicate, nerved, mucronate; pappus very short, crown-like, sub-

dentate. Thunb.! Cap. 639. Less.! Syn. 376. DC.l.c. 286. Athanasia

squarrosa, Linn.?

Van. B. brevifolia ; leaves shorter ; heads on shorter pedicels, 2. recurva, DC.

1. c. (excl. syn. Less.?)

Has. Karroo, Thunberg! Swellendam, Mundt, Thom, E. & Z.! Zederberg, Drege!

Zey. 2826. Elandsberg, Dr. Wallich! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A foot or more high, robust, woody, corymbosely branched. Branches closely

leafy, all the leaves recurved or squarrose, very rigid, glabrous. Heads several in

corymbs, on pedicels as long as themselves or shorter. Whatever R. recurva, Less.

may be, the plant distributed by Drege under that name is certainly not different

from this species.

Sect. 2. Ecropss (Gaernt.) (Sp. 4-13.)

4. R. genistefolia (L’ Her. Sect. 22); leaves linear or oblong-linear,

punctate, viscidulous, recurvo-mucronate, more or less distinctly nerved ;

heads corymbose, oblong, on longer and shorter pedicels; inv. scales

obtuse ; ray achenes 3-cornered, villous, of the dise slender, glabrous.

Thunb.! Cap. 639. Eclopes genistefolia, DC.1.¢, 288. Athanasia genis-

tefolia, Linn. Eclopes punctata, Cass. Less.! Syn. 378.

Var. a; angustifolia ; leaves squarrose or spreading, narrow-linear or oblong 2-4

lines long. . genistefolia, DC.

Var. 8; glutinosa ; leaves erecto-patent, oblong-linear, 4—6 lines long, more gluti-

nous, and rather more distinctly dotted. LE. glutinosa, DC. l. ¢.

Var. y. discoidea; heads discoid; leayes obovato-linear, viscidulous. Z. viscida,

Less, Syn. p. 379-

Has. About Capetown and in the Western and S. Eastern District, Common.

Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! Zey.! 2823, 2624. B. Piquetberg, Drege! Zey.! 842.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched, strongly scented, viscidulous and glabrous bush. Leaves vari-

able in size and somewhat in form, always acute or mucronate, in f. erecto-patent

and straighter. Heads several in acorymb. Var. y. (from the eastern base of the

Devil’s Mt.) seems to be a mere accidental state, without ray-flowers.

5. RB. affinis (Sond.! in Herb.) ; leaves linear-oblong or spathulate,

punctate, viscidulous, very obtuse, nearly nerveless, spreading; heads

corymbose, oblong, on very short pedicels; inv. scales and achenes as

in £. genisteefolia.

Has. Near the Berg River, Zey.! 842. (Hb. Sond., Cap., D.

)

Very like R. genistefolia, but more scrubby, with broader and very blunt, almost

nerveless leaves. Perhaps a mere variety?

6. R. multipunctata (DC.! 1. c. 286); stem shrubby; branches thinly

cobwebby-canescent ; leaves lance-oblong, narrowed at base, flat, sub-

acute, one-nerved, spreading, on both sides copiously gland-dotted ; heads

2-3 together at the ends of the branches, pedicelled, cylindrical; ™mV-

scales appressed, the outer short, obtuse, inner long, narrow, acute OT

acuminate ; palee setaceo-subulate ; pappus white, of many scarcely

connate, subulate scales.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

_Aslender, branching, small shrub. Leaves 4-3 inch long, rather sparse, 14-2 lines

: wide. Inv. 6-9 lines long, pale, Palez of the recept. very slender, much acuminate.

7. B. cuneata (Th. Cap. 639); quite glabrous, viscid; leaves opposite,

Relhania.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 301

the pairs decussating, linear-trigonous, hook-pointed, erect ; heads ovate,

terminal, solitary, sessile ; rays spreading ; inv. scales oblong, convex,

all obtuse ; ray achenes compressed, ciliate; of the disc slender, terete,

glabrous. L’Her. Sert.25. Rel-decussata, L’ Her. p. 24? Eclopes cuneata,

Less! Syn. 378. DC. l. c. 288, also #. decussata, DC. l.c.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Eastern Districts, Burchell, 6763. Swellendam, Dr. Thom!

Ecklon. UHassaquaskloof, Zey./ 2825. (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

A foot or 18 inches high, corymbosely much branched; branches erect. Leaves

3-4 lines long imbricating in alternate pairs, erect with recurved, callous points.

Heads not many flowered, the invol. pale. Paleze subulate, shorter than the flowers.

Lessing omits to mention that the leaves are opposite. Thunberg’s specimens entirely

agree with those from Dr. Thom.

8. R. sedifolia (Harv.); glabrous ; leaves alternate, crowded, linear,

thick, obtuse, impress-dotted, erect, the youngest subpubescent; heads

solitary (or few) at the ends of the branches, oblong, sessile; inv. scales

narrow-linear, the outer obtuse, the inner acuminate ; palez slender,

rigid, as long as the flowers. clopes sedifolia, DC. l. c. 288.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

A small, rigid, nearly glabrous shrublet. Leaves 3-4 lines long, straight and

erect, not curved-tipped. Achenes slender, glabrous. Pappus 2-5 parted. Heads

few flowered.

9. R. centauroides (DC. 1. c. 288); “branches irregularly forked,

the younger hairy, the adult glabrous; leaves alternate, scattered, close-

together, subimbricate, carnoso-subtrigonous, acute ; heads solitary, ses-

sile, discoid? ; inner inv. scales scarious and lacerate at the apices.”

DC.1.¢. Eclopes centauroides, DC.l.c. Stehelina centauroides, Burm.

Has. Cape, Burmann. :

18 inches high, erect. Leaves 3 lines long. Head ovate, 6 lines long. Recept.

paleaceous. Pappus of many short scales. Achenes glabrous.

10. R. quinquenervis (Th.! Cap. 641) ; twigs hairy ; leaves lanceo-

late, the younger on both sides green and softly hairy, older glabrate

above, all concave above, grain-dotted, villous, and strongly or faintly

5-3 nerved beneath, pungent, spreading or squarrose ; heads solitary

terminal, sessile; inv. scales oblong, obtuse. Zclopes trinervis, Less./

Syn. (excl. syn. Th.!) DC. 1. c. 289. R. lateriflora, Link.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Uitenhage and Albany, Z. ¢ Z./ Slaay Kraal, Burke!

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A larger and stronger bush than R. trinervis, from which it is known by its villous

and hirsute green pubescence ; never albo-tomentose. The young plants are densely

villous all over, the older more or less glabrate. In Herbaria it is often marked

“* subpungens.” It varies with broader or narrower leaves, the narrow-leaved variety

being most frequently mistaken for R. pungens.

11. R. trinervis (Th.! Cap.641) ; twigs albo-tomentose ; leaves lance-

subulate or lanceolate, concave and tomentose within, convex, cobwebby

(becoming glabrate) and 3—5-nerved beneath, pungent, straight, spread-

ing ; heads solitary. terminal, sessile ; inv. scales oblong, obtuse or sub-

obtuse. LEclopes parallelinervis, Less. Syn. 380. DC. l. c. p. 289.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Uitenhage and Albany, Krebs, Ecklon and Zeyher. Zey.!

2931. Mrs. F. W. Barber, gc. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

302 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Relhania

Similar in pubescence to R. pungens, but known at once by the distantly 3 (or

rarely 5) nerved (not closely multistriate), leaves. The younger leaves are quite

smooth (leves) externally; the older often very scabrous. Not an uncommon

plant: most of £. and Z.’s and Drege’s distributed specimens of “ E. subpungens”

belong to this. Thunberg’s Herb. specimen of R. trinervis is unquestionably this

species, and not, as stated by Lessing, “‘ guinquenervis.”

12. R. pungens (L’ Her. Sert. p. 24) ; twigs albo-tomentose ; leaves

lance-subulate, concave and tomentose above, convex, glabrous and

closely multistriate beneath, pungent, straight, erect; heads solitary,

terminal, sessile; inv.scales oblong, obtuse. Helopes subpungens. Thunb.!

Cap. 640. Bot. Reg. t. 2817. Less.! Syn. p. 380. DOC. 1. ¢. (ex pte.)

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Kochmans Kloof and Swellendam, Mundt! Near Grahams-

town, Genl. Bolton! Buffelsjagdt, Zey.! 2932. (Herb. Th., Hk., D.)

A rigid, erect bush, 12-15 inches high: older branches bare of leaves ; younger

closely leafy. Leaves {-1 inch long, 1-2 lines wide, the under surface with many

parallel, close-set rib-striz, with furrows between. This seems a much less ‘common

species than R. trinervis.

13. R. speciosa (Harv.) ; twigs tomentose ; leaves broadly lanceolate

or ovate-orbicular, acuminate, pungent, rigid, spreading, on both sides

glabrous, scabrous-edged, flattish, 5-nerved and subreticulate beneath ;

heads solitary, terminal, sessile, very many-fl., rays uncial ; inv. scales

rather loosely imbricated, oblong, obtuse, with a broad, membranous

margin. Lclopes speciosa, DC. 1. ¢. 289.

Var. 8. schizolepis ; leaves shorter and broader. Lclopes schizolepis, DC. 1. c. 289-

Has. Near Genadendahl, 2-3000 f., and at Kendo, 3-4000 f., Drege! B. at Gna-

dendahl, Burchell, 7825. (Herb. Hk., Sd.

A very handsome, large-flowered species, with heads resembling those of a Spheno-

gyne. Stem a foot or more high, erect, not much branched, closely leafy. Leaves

} inch long, 2-3 lines wide ; like those of an Oedera. Ligules dark-red beneath,

y an inch longer than the involucre. The leaves vary much in shape, and £.,

which grows with the common form, if a specimen in Hb. Sond. be DC.’s plant, is

scarcely distinguishable. The laceration of the membr. edges of the inv. scales

depends on the age of the specimen,

Sect. 3. Raynconopsipium. (Sp. 14-16.)

14. R. sessiliflora (Th. Cap. 639) ; heads sessile or subsessile in the

forks and at the ends of the branches, ovate, few-flowered ; rays shorter

than the involucre. Rhynchocarpus lateriflorus, Less ! Syn. 383. Rel-

hania lateriflora, L’ Her. Rhynchopsidium sessiliflorum, DC. l. ¢. 299:

Athanasia sessiliflora, Linn. f.

Has. In moist, sandy ground, round Capetown and through the Western and S.

Eastern Districts, common. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd )

: A small annual, 2-6-8 inches high, simple or much branched. Stems and leaves

pilose with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 4-7 lines long, 1 line broad, linear or spathu-

late, acute, midribbed, spreading. Heads quite sessile or shortly pedunculate, the

= rarely equalling the involucre. Outer inv. scales ovate, obtuse ; inner

ceolate, subacute. Achenes shortly rostrate, clothed with capitate hairs.

15. R. pedunculata (Harv.); heads on peduncles thrice their length,

ovate, few-flowered ; rays shorter than the involucre. Rhynchopsid.

pedunculatum, DC. 1. c. 290.

Has. Cape, Burmann. Olifant’s R. and Kl. Namaq aland, Drege! Worcester

and George, Eckl, Tulbagh, Dr. Pape? (Herb. D., Hk. Sd.)

%. ;

Oligodora. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 303

A small annual, more slender and divaricate than R. sessiliflorwm, from which it

is chiefly distinguished by its peduncled heads. Pedunc. 9-1 inch long. Leaves

sometimes tomentose, as well as gland-hispid.

16. R. pumila (Th.! Cap. 639); heads on peduncles thrice their

length, campanulate, many-flowered ; rays longer than the involucre.

Rhynchops.pumilum, DC.! l.c.290. Athanasia pumila, Linn. f. Eclopes

pumila, Less.! Syn. 382.

Has. Brandvalley, Thunberg! Clanwilliam, Ecklon! Kl. Namaqualand, Drege!

A. Wyley! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) : Mas

Annual, branched from the base, the lateral branches divaricate or decumbent,

simple or branched near the apex. Leaves 3-3} inch long, flat or involute, linear,

gland-hispid. Mature invol. broader than its length; the outer scales rounded,

inner oblong, all very blunt and membrane-edged. Rays broad, bright yellow,

twice as long as the involucre.

( Doubtful species of the section Eclopes.)

R. apiculata (DC.); “leaves elliptic-lanceolate, on both sides gla-

brescent, coriaceous, many-herved, tipped with a rigid, subsphacelate

mucro; achenes of the disc with the inner margin subciliate.” DC.

Eclopes apiculata, DC. l. c. 289.

Has. Stony hills between Driekoppen, Bokkeveld and Hexrivier ; and the Zwarte-

berg, near Klaarstroom, Drege! (Herb. Sond., sine flore. )

This looks like a more glabrous state of R. guinquenervis, so far as I can judge

from a branch, without flowers, in Hb. Sd.

R styphelioides (DC.); “quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-

nate, rigid, many-nerved beneath, the upper leaves equalling the head.”

DC. Eclopes styphelioides, DC. l. e. 289+

Has. Near Gauritz R., Burchell, 4697. (Unknown to us.)

CIV.? OLIGODORA, DC.

Heads 5-fi., homogamous, fl. 5-toothed, tubular, perfect. Znv. imbri-

cate, subtrigonous, the scales appressed, the innermost with the margin

clasping round the outer achenes. ecept. narrow, paleaceo-fimbrilli-

ferous, the scales folding round the achenes. Sty/e-branches included,

obtuse and pilose at the apex. Anthers tailed? Achenes cylindrical,

smooth. Pappus of 5, ovate, short, toothed scales. DC. Prodr. 6. p. 282.

An erect, branching, glabrous suffrutex. Leaves alternate, thickish, sessile,

toothed, the teeth on each side 2-3 and a terminal one, mucronate. Heads corymb-

ulose at the ends of the branches, on very short pedicels. Scales or bractez on the

pedicels short, acute, spreading. Corolla (probably?) white. DC. The name is from

odvyos, few, and Swpor, a gift; alluding to the few flowers of the head.

1, 0, dentata (DC. 1. c.)

Has. Zeederberg, Drege. (v. frust. in Hb. Sond.)

Of this I have seen only a minute fragment, and can add nothing to the above

description, copied from De Candolle. Possibly it may be an Athanasia ; it seems

to differ merely in the anthers, if these be correctly described.

CV. OSMITES, Linn.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, female ; dise-fl. tubular, 5-

toothed, perfect. Recept. flat, covered with scarious palee, equalling

304 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [| Osmites.

the dise-fl. nv. campanulate, the scales pluriseriate, herbaceous, sub-

equal. Anthers tailed. Achenes sessile, beakless, glabrous or downy,

somewhat 4-sided, compressed. Pappus of many short scales, DC.

Prodr. 6, p. 290.

Cape suffrutices. Leaves alternate, crowded, sessile, oblong, obovate or linear ;

entire or toothed or pinnatifid, gland-dotted and strongly-scented. Heads solitary,

terminal ; disc yellow ; rays white. Name from ooyuy, smell; alluding to the bal-

salmic odour of these plants.

Leaves sharply toothed, or the uppermost entire; pappus short:

Stem erect (1-2 ft.) ; lvs. linear-lanceolate, acuminate,

NOt, VeINY:. Ai. ee SS cee ee ee ee 1) ellidiastrum,

Stems ascending, subsimple, pedunculoid upwards :

Leaves obovate or oblong, glabrous, veiny, sharply

Te eS a rene eee ane os

Leaves lance-linear, hirsute-subcanescent, toothed

above... -. (3) hirsuta,

Stems dwarf, branching, leafy to summit; leaves oblong,

Wiavrods, actiexeds = 2. Se ea (4) parvifolia.

Leaves deeply pinnatifid, and lobed ; lobes subulate; pappus bristle-pointed :

Leaf-lobes 3-5 on each side ... ... ... ... «.. +» (5) pinmatifida. .

Leaf-lobes 1-2 on each side, nearthe summit ... ... (6) angustifolia.

1. O. Bellidiastrum (Th. Cap. 7or1); stem shrubby, erect, branched ;

branches virgate, leafy below, pedunculoid at summit, striate, cobwebby-

pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at base, sharply

few-toothed near the summit, pale beneath, nearly glabrous, punctate,

midribbed, not prominently veiny ; invol. scales oblong, obtuse, the

inner membranous and torn at edge; rays female. O. anthemoides, DC.

lc.29t. Bellidiastrum Osmitoides, Less. Syn. 384. Osmites lancea, Th. !

tn Hb.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Kanna River, Mundt. Eastern Districts, Burchell, 6965.

Swellendam, Drege, Dr. Alexander Prior! Pappe! Zey.! 2935. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 feet high, woody below ; branches 10-12 inches long, erect, virgate. Leaves

1-1} inch long, 2-3 lines wide, with slightly revolute edges, quite entire except

near the summit, where there are 2-5 sharp, taper-pointed teeth on each side. Heads

about as large as in O. hirsuta.

2. 0. dentata (Thunb ! Cap. 701); stems subsimple, ascending-erect,

below leafy, pedunculoid at summit, striate, cobwebby-puberulous ; lower

leaves obovate, medial oblong or lanceolate, upper depauperated, all but

the uppermost sharply and deeply serrate throughout, glabrous, mid-

ribbed and veiny ; invol. pubescent, the scales acute or acuminate ; rays

female. Less./ Syn. 283 DC.1.c.291. Osmites camphorina, Gaertn. fr.

t.74,f- 3, non Linn. Anthemis afra, Burm.

Has. Table Mt., Thunberg! £. § Z.! W.H.H.! &e, Swellendam, Simon’s Bay,

C. Wright 392. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Suffruticose at base, many stemmed, more or less decumbent, the fl. branches

ascending erect,, 12-15 inches high. Lower leaves 1-1} inch long, }-1 inch wide,

inciso-serrate ; medial similar, but narrower; upper scattered on the peduncle, bract-

like. Heads larger than in 0. hirsuta.

_8. 0. hirsuta (Less. Syn. 385); hirsute, subcanescent ; stems subsim-

ple, ascending-erect, closely leafy below, shortly naked at the summit ;

leaves lance-linear, sharply toothed above the middle; inner iny. scales

Osmitopsis. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 3805

obtuse; rays female. DC. l.c. 291. also O. Bellidiastrum, DC. l.c. excel.

SYN. OMN.«

Has. Fransche Hoek, Ecklon! W.H.H, Drakensteinbergand Dutoitskloof, Drege!

Bavian’sberg, Genadendahl, Dr. Pappe! Table Mt., Mundt./ Zey./ 2936. (Herb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems several from the crown, at first decumbent, then erect, 6-12 inches high,

simple or branched near the summit. Leaves closely placed below, 6-8 lines long,

2 lines wide, becoming gradually smaller and more lax upwards, diminishing to scales

below the sub-peduncled head. Heads like those of the Ox-eye Daisy (Chrysanth.

leucanthemum). Invol. woolly. Scales broad, with jagged margins. Rays thick,

opaque-white. Drege’s specimens distributed under the name ‘ 0, Bellidiastrum”

in no respect differ from the common hirsuta. I find the rays of this, in Fransche

Hoek specimens (!), to be female, not ‘‘ neuter” as stated by Lessing.

4. O. parvifolia (DC.l.c.291); shrubby, dwarf, branching; branches

densely and equally leafy to the summit; leaves oblong or obovate ob-

long, spreading or deflexed, glabrous, punctate, sharply toothed near

the summit or throughout, teeth subulate-acuminate ; inv. scales oblong,

glabrous, serrato-ciliate ; rays female.

Has. Cape, Mundt/ Dr. Stanger! Hott. Holl. Mts., Drege’ (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Stems woody, closely branched, 3-6 inches high, densely leafy. Leaves squarrose,

3-4 lines long, 2 lines wide. Inner inv, scales scarious at tip. Rays broad, white.

5. 0. pinnatifida (DC. ! 1. c. 291); stems subsimple, ascending, leafy

below, shortly nude at summit, glabrous; leaves deeply pinnatifid,

glabrous, the lobes on each side 3—5, subulate, quite entire, the lower

shorter; inv. scales oblong, the inner membranous and torn at edge ;

pappus of the ray of very minute scales, sub-coroniform ; of the dise

with 2 long bristle-pointed scales, the rest very small or obsolete.

Has. Drakensteinberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

With the habit of O. dentata, but very different foliage and pappus.

6. 0. angustifolia (DC. 1. c. 291); “leaves linear, quite entire or 3%

sparingly inciso-lobate near the apex; pappus of the ray and disc all

with scales elongating into nearly equal bristles.” DC.

Has. Simonsberg, Stellenb., near the waterfall, Drege.

Of this I have only seen a few leaves (in Hb. Sd.) : the leaf-lobes are subulate,

1-2 at each side near the summit.

CVI. OSMITOPSIS, Cass.

Characters as in Osmites; except ; Ray-fl. neuter. Pappusnone. DC.

Prodr, 6. p. 292. ft

A closely leafy, strongly balsam-scented, erect shrub. Leaves lanceolate, scattered, 1, ¢\- =

dotted, one-nerved, sessile, entire or nearly so, Heads terminal, rays white. Name \“’ “ _..

from Osmites and ois, resemblance; like an Osmites. lyr

e 4 he

1. 0. asteriscoides (Cass. Dict. 37, p. 5). Less. Syn. 386. DC.1. ~ .

C. 292. Or

Var. a, pubescens (DC.); leaves on both sides pubescent, quite entire. O. asterisc-

cides, Less.! Osmites asteriscoides, Linn. Sp. 1285. Burm. Afr. t. 58, f. 1.

Var. 8, subdentata (DC.) ; leaves pubescent, callous-denticulate near the summit.

Osmites camphorina, Linn., non Th.

Var. y, glabra (DC.) ; leaves glabrous, quite entire. O. camphorina, Less.! 387.

Osmites camphorina, Thunb.! Cap. 700.

VOL, I, 20

306 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Stilpnogyne.

Haz. Table Mt. summit, and similar situations in the Western Districts. (Herb,

Th., D.; pas: &e. ) : i

A much-branched, camphor-scented shrub, 4-5 feet high. Leaves 1} inch long,

2-4 lines wide, varying as above stated.

Sub-tribe §. Senectonez. (Gen. 107-119.)

CVIL STILPNOGYNE, DC.

Heads 7-8-fl., heterogamous, discoid, all the fl. tubular, 3 marginal

3-toothed female, 4-5 central perfect, 5-toothed. nv. scales 5-7 in a

single row, equalling the disc, valvate, connate at base. Recept. naked,

narrow. Style branches in the central flowers short, bearded at the

summit only; of the fem. fl. longer, terete, downy. Achenes oblong,

tapering to both ends, granulated ; those of the fem. fl. without pappus.

Pappus in the disc-fl, uniseriate, of many scabrid bristles. DC. Prodr.

6, p. 293.

A small, slender, glabrous annual. Leaves on long petioles, roundish, cuneate

at base, bluntly 5—7-lobed or repand, sometimes with 1-2 runcinate lobes below @

terminal, 5—7-toothed lobe. Stem branched, filiform, naked, divided into a few

slender, 1-2 inches long, one-headed pedicels. Fl. yellow. Name from o7riAmvos,

shining, and yuvn, a female. It differs from Kleinia in habit, and the want of pappus

to the fem. fl.

1. S. bellidioides (DC.! in Deless. Ic. Sel. 4, t. 54); DC. l.¢. 294.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) :

2-3 inches long. Heads oblong, 3 lines long. Leaves 4-5 lines diameter; their

petioles 1-14 inch long. ;

CVI. OLIGOTHRIX, DC.

Heads many-fl., radiate; ray-fl. about 5, female ; disc. 5-toothed,

perfect. nv. uniseriate, campanulate, naked at base, the scales 12-15,

connate below, striate. Recept. naked, flat. Anthers exserted, enclosing

the style. Achenes obtusely 5-angled, beakless, granulated, especially

on the angles. Pappus of about 5 very caducous, wavy, barbellate

bristles. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 304.

A wiry, branching, glabrous annual. Stems erect, terete, 6-12 inches high,

branched from the base, subcorymbose. Leaves small, eared and stem-clasping at

base, oblongo-lanceolate, more or less toothed. Flowers yellow. Name, odryos,

few, and Opit, a hair; the obsolete us. The habit is that of Gymnodiscus; the

heads like those of Steirodiscus. ae

1. 0. gracilis (DC. in Deless. Ic. 4, t. 57); DOC. 1. ¢. 304.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

CIX. MESOGRAMMA, DC.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray-fl. uniseriate, ligulate, female. nv.

scales uniseriate, subcaliculate at base, the scales about 20, acuminate,

each marked by two linear, intra-marginal glands (or vitte). Recept.

flat, naked. Dise-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, 5-lineate, the medial nerves

strongly marked, intervals pellucid, or faintly nerved. Anthers without

ls. Style-branches truncate, bearded at the apex. Young achenes

compressed; adult 5-angled, tapering to each end, ciliate at the angles,

Cineraria. | COMPOSIT£ (Harv.) 307

with a very short beak covered with thick bristles, resembling an outer

pappus. Pappus uniseriate, bristle-shaped, very slender, deciduous, in

the central-fl. of many, in the marginal of few bristles. DC. Prodr. 6,

P. 304.

A rigid, herbaceous, glabrous perennial. Stems several from the crown, rib-striate,

branched above. Leaves on winged petioles, pinnatisect, the lobes lanceolate,

toothed. Branches ending in naked, elongate, one-headed pedicels, subcorymbose.

Corollas pale yellow, with red medial lines. Name from yeoos, the middle, and

ypauun, a line; alluding to the medial nerve of the corolla, being much more strongly

marked than the marginal: a character also found in Cineraria.

1. M., apiifolium (DC.! in Deless. Ic. vol. 4, t. 58); DC. l.¢. 304.

Has. Near the Gariep, by Verleptpram, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

CX. CINERARIA, Linn. (ex pte.)

Heads many-fi., rarely homogamous and discoid, mostly radiate ;

ray. ligulate, female. Disc-f. tubular, 5-toothed, the medial nerve

strongly marked. Jnv. uniseriate, more or less caliculate at base, the

scales membrane-edged. ecept. naked, flat. Style-branches in the

disc-fl. tipped with a short cone, clothed with ascending pubescence.

Achenes beakless, mostly flattened, often (at least the outer ones) winged

at margin. JPappus in one or more rows, capillary, caducous. DC.

Prodr. 6, p. 395.

Herbs or suffrutices, natives of Africa. Leaves alternate, various. Heads yellow.

Name from cinereus, grey or ash-coloured ; the prevalent colour of the foliage in the

original species. The habit is that of Senecio, from which Cineraria differs by the

cone-tipped style and the usually flattened or many-angled achenes. Many species

formerly comprised in it, including the parent of the garden ‘‘ Cineraria,” have been

removed to Senecio; others to other genera.

I. Senecromes. Achenes quite glabrous, broadly 3-4-winged. Leaves sessile,

clasping, woolly, entire or serrulate (not lobed). ... .., ... (1) tomentosa,

II. Ev-crnerarta. Achenes compressed or flattened, hispid or glabrous, with

inal border or wing (but no disc-wings). Leaves petioled, the petiole often

eared at base, the lamina lobed, toothed or lyrate-pinnatisect, the terminal lobe

often reniform. (Sp. 2-21.)

Stem and leaves more or less pubescent or woolly :

Pedunce. elongate, simple, one-headed :

Erect, branched ; branches ending inlong peduncles (2) peduneulosa.

Densely tufted, nearly stemless; with sub-radical,

lyrate or reniform leaves, and scapelike peduncles (3) mollis.

Pedunc. corymbose or panicled, many-headed :

Leaves sub-bipinnatisect, multifid, the terminal lobe

deeply incised and toothed :

Inv. campanulate, glabrous, 25-30-fl. ... ... (4) aspera.

Inv. cylindr., cobwebbed, 12-15-fl. (5) erosa.

Leaves either reniform or more or less lyrate, with

a reniform, terminal lobe :

Pubescence woolly or canescent :

Stem rigid or suffruticose ; corymb compact, many-headed ;

Tomentose and canescent ; leaf-lobes

ly toothed and wavy, rigid (6) canescens,

Cobwebbed ; leaves reniform, lobato-

dentate... ... ss, «s- +» (8) polycephala.

20*

"308 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Cineraria.

* Stem herbaceous ; corymb lax or panicled:

Leaves amply auricled at base ... (7) erodioides.

Leaves minutely auricled at base... (9) alchemilloides.

Pubescence hairy, not woolly or canous’_... (10) geifolia.

Stem and leaves quite glabrous :

Achenes hispid on surface ; ciliate at margin :

Heads radiate :

Suffrutices ; leaves reniform or fanshaped.

Lvs. cordate-based ; pedunc. corymbose (11) lobata.

Lys. cuneate-based ; pedunc. subsimple (12) Saxifraga.

Herbaceous; lvs. broadly hastate, sharply cut (16) decipiens.

Herb. (annual); lvs. lyrato-pinnatisect ... (17) platycarpa.

Herb.; lvs. oblong-lanceolate, toothed; rays

EDU Wee ee AIO) proglogsa.

Heads discoid, homogamous :

Heads corymbose ; inv. scales appendiculate (20) Dregeana.

Heads on simple pedune. ; lower leaves ovate,

tapering at base; upper oblong-linear ... (21) exilis.

Achenes quite glabrous, not ciliate, wing-margined :

Leaves reniform or lyrato-pinnatisect :

Perennial; Ivs. reniform, on long petioles,

the upper sometimes sub-lyrate... ... ... (13) geraniifolia.

Annual ; leaves lyrato-pinnati-partite, short-

petioled, much cut and narrow... ... ... (18) lyrata.

Leaves hastate or deltoid, long-petioled :

Lys. deltoid, repand, amply auricled.at base (14) deltoidea,

Lvs. hastate, sharply cut, with narrow auricles (15) atriplicifolia.

III. Ornonnomes. Achenes obovate, subcompressed, densely clothed with short,

rufous hairs ; the disc-achenes often abortive, but with perfect, bifid, cone-tipped

styles. Leaves pinnati-partite. FI. branches pedunculoid, one-headed. (Sp. 22.)

Annual ; cobwebby, subglabrous ; leaf-lobes linear... ... (22) othonnoides.

§ 1. Senectompes. (Sp. 1.)

1, C. tomentosa (Less. Syn. 391); stem robust, herbaceous, erect,

simple, below densely white-woolly, glabrate above ; leaves sessile,

half-clasping, cobwebby, becoming glabrous above, densely white-woolly

beneath, the lower obovate, acute, calloso-serrate, with reflexed margins,

the upper narrower and smaller, more oblong or linear; corymb loosely

branched, few-headed ; inv. glabrous, scales numerous, linear-acuminate ;

rays several; achenes glabrous, broadly 3- (rarely 4)- winged. DC.

lc. 308. Senecio lanatus, Thunb. Cap. 681.

Has. French Hoek, Thunberg. Worcester, Ecklon. Drackensteinberg, Drege!

Tulbagh, Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd., C.)

1-2 feet high, with the habit of Senecio verbascifolius ; quite unlike any other

Cineraria. Lower leaves 14-24 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, very white beneath ;

upper leaves gradually smaller, diminishing to mere bracts.

§ 2. Ev-Crveraria. (Sp. 2-21.)

2. C. pedunculosa (DC.! 1. c. 305); stem suffruticose at base, erect,

short, closely branched, the branches ending in long, scaly, loosely

woolly, one-headed peduncles ; leaves petioled, lyrato-pinnatifid, the

woolly petiole not auricled at base, the lateral lobes in 1-3 pair, short,

cuneate, bluntly toothed, the terminal 3—5-lobed, roundish or oblong

(not cordate at base), more or less deeply 3~5-lobed, the lobes toothed,

glabrate above, woolly beneath; inv. glabrescent, of 12-14 scales ;

rays 12-14; achenes (young) compressed, hispid and ciliate.

Cineraria. | COMPOSIT& (Hary.) 309

Haz. Caledon, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.) .

Root fibrous, perennial. Stem curved at base, then erect, 6-8 inches high, the

branches 2-3 inches long, closely leafy. Leaves 2 inches long ; the terminal lobe

not reniform. Pedunc. inches long. I have only examined a single, young

achene, but, judging from its characters, I doubt whether the mature fruit differs

much from that of C. mollis, to which this seems to be allied. Ecklon’s specimens.

above quoted, are in poor condition. -

3. C. mollis (E. Mey.!); stems very short, frutescent, branched at

the crown; leaves petiolate, lyrato-pinnatisect, the petiole woolly, half-

clasping but not auricled at base, lateral lobes 2-4 pair, roundish,

denticulate, the lower smaller, terminal reniform, callous toothed, all

cobwebbed above, densely albo-tomentose beneath; peduncles elongate,

loosely woolly, becoming nude, one-headed ; inv. cobwebby, of 14-16

seales, equalling the disc ; ligules 10-12; achenes oblong, minutely

ciliate, sparingly hispid, the outer ones nearly glabrous on their inner

face. DC. 1. c. p. 306.

Var. 8. polyglossa; leaves either simply reniform, or lyrate-reniform, with one

or two pair of small lateral lobes ; inv. scales 20-22, rays 15-20. . polyglossa,

DOC.! lc. C. arctotidea, Hb. Drege!

Has. Stormberg, Drege! Graaf Reynet, Eckl.’ Elandslaagte, Zey. i

tics) A Snecuwebetg, Drape! Claw ieee Sa.) ee Meare

Densely tufted ; stems 1-3 inches long, closely leafy. Leaves 2-3 inches long,

the terminal lobe 4-3 inch wide, 4-6 lines long; lateral lobes very variable in

number and size. Pedune. 4-6 inches long. Intermediate forms connect a. and .

4. C. aspera (Thunb.! Cap. 672) ; herbaceous, tall, much-branched,

scaberulous, the young parts cobwebby or woolly; leaves eared at base,

petiolate, irregularly pinnate- or bipinnati-lobed, scabrous above, woolly

beneath, the lobes horizontally spreading, few, distant, unequal, sharply

toothed, the larger lobulate; corymbs compound, terminal ; pedicels

scaly ; inv. campanulate, 8-1o-leaved, glabrous ; ray-fl. 3-5 ; disc-fi.

20-25; achenes flattened, pubescent, ciliolate. DC. l. c. 306.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Sak River, Burchell, 1477. Nieuweveld, Drege. Graaf

Reynet, Ecklon ! Queenstown and Cradock districts, flowering all the year round,

Mrs. F. W. Barber! No. 320. Brit. Caffraria, 7, Cooper! 195. (Herb. D., Sd.) —

2-3 feet high, much branched, canous, becoming glabrate, but always scabro-

hispid. Leaves 1-2 inches long, the lobes and lobules 1 line wide. Corymbs many-

headed, rather dense.—Differs from C. oxyodonta by its larger fi.-heads, &c.; it seems

also to be exclusively an Eastern plant.

5. C. erosa (Harv.); herbaceous, tall, much-branched, scaberulous,

the young parts cobwebby; leaves eared at base, irregularly lyrato-pin-

nati-lobed, the lateral lobes unequal, oblong or obovate, coarsely and

sharply-toothed, the upper ones confluent into a 3—5-parted, sharply-

toothed limb; corymb compound, terminal, lax ; pedicels bearing scales;

inv. cylindrical, 5—7-leaved, shorter than the disc, cobwebby ; rays 3-5;

dise-fl. 9-12 ; achenes hispidulous and ciliate. C. oxyodonta, DC. l. c.

306. Doria erosa, Th. ! Cap. 674.

Has. Riebeckskasteel and Paardeberg, Thunberg! Paarlberg, Drege! Worcester,

Ecklon! Cape, Dr. Stuart/ Schoen Stromm, Burke and Zeyher! Stellenbosch Mt.,

W. H. H.! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

2 feet high, loosely branched. Leaves shortly petioled, multi-lobulate. Very

like C. aspera, but the leaves are larger, with broader lobes the inv. is narrow, and

oe COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Cinerarea.

the heads much fewer-flowered : the leaves also show a disposition to form a termi-

nal, reniform lobe, approaching that of C. canescens. The specimen in Hb. Thunb.

exactly agrees in foliage and involucres with Drege’s (in Hb. D.) but the fi.-heads

are immature, and therefore appear rayless. Without doubt these plants are identical.

6. C. canescens (Wendl.); stem suffruticose, canescent, branched ;

leaves lyrate, tomentose and canescent beneath, cobwebbed, becoming

glabrate above, the lateral lobes in a single pair, oblong, toothed, the

terminal reniform, 5—7-lobed, the lobes sharply toothed and wavy ; peti-

ole auricled at base ; corymb many-headed, compact, pedicels sparsely

leafy ; invol. calyculate, the scales 8-12, oblong, glabrate, 5-nerved ;

ligules 5-8; achenes hispidulous, ciliate. DC. 7. c. 307. C. parviflora,

Ait. Kew, Ed, 2, v. 5, p.72. C. Aitoniana, Spr.

Van. 8, flabellifolia; lateral leaf-lobes wanting, terminal broadly reniform, lobed,

the lobes sharply and irregularly cut; corymb closely many-headed. :

Has. Cape, Aiton. Kamiesberg and Little Namaqualand, Drege! B at Modder-

fontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A foot or more high, whitish or greyish, with rather close toment. Leaves 1-1}

inch long, mostly lyrate, the lateral lobes sometimes abortive, terminal, }—$ inch

long, #-1 inch wide, rather rigid ; the teeth sharp. Pedicels cobwebbed or tomen-

tose. 8 differs from the usual form in having no lateral leaf-lobes, a broader lamina,

and a denser and more glabrous inflorescence,

7. C. erodioides (DC. 1. c. 307); stem herbaceous, erect, branching,

woolly below, pilose above ; leaves on long petioles, cordate-reniform,

shortly 5-7-lobed, the lobes sharply many-toothed, hispidulous above,

cobwebby-woolly and canescent beneath ; petioles amply auricled at

base ; corymb compound, many-headed, the pedicels about as long as

the involucre; inv. scales 7-9, glabrous; ligules 5; achenes almost

glabrous, with a broad, subciliate marginal wing. Cineraria tussilaginea,

Thunb.! Cap. p. 671 (excl. syn, L’ Her. ).

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Uitenhage, #. § Z.! (Herb. Th., Cap., Sd.)

This has the foliage nearly of C. geifolia, but a cobweb-woolly pubescence of

long, curled, white hairs, and achenes nearly like those of C. geraniifolia. The heads

are smaller and the pedicels much shorter than in C. geifolia. A specimen in Hb.

Thunb. marked “ Cineraria tussilaginis,” exactly agrees with Z£. § Z.’s specimens,

and with Thunberg’s description above quoted. I do not restore the name, lest it

may perpetuate a confusion with the C. tussilaginis, L’ Her.

8. C. polycephala (DC.1.c. 307); “stem half-shrubby, erect ; branches

somewhat hairy or cobwebby; leaves petioled, glabrate above, cob-

webbed beneath ; the petioles of the lower leaves nude, of the upper

auricled at base ; limb orbicular, subcordate, lobato-dentate ; corymb

compound, many-headed, crowded ; pedicels tomentose, scaly ; inv.

cobwebbed or glabrous, subcalyculate, 12~-13-leaved ; rays 8-10; achenes

on both sides hispid, ciliate. DOC. J. c.

Has. Mouth of Gauritz R., near Mossel Bay, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

I have seen but a single poor specimen, from which it is difficult to form an opinion.

It is allied to C. erodioides, but has larger fl. heads, a closer panicle and a stronget

stem ; which may all be due to its littoral habitat.

_ 9. C. alchemilloides (DC.! 1. c. 307); stem herbaceous, erect, branch-

ing, loosely cobwebbed, becoming glabrous ; leaves on long petioles,

thinly cobwebbed or glabrous above, more persistently woolly and canous

Cineraria.] COMPOSIT (Hary.) 311

beneath and on the petiole, which is minutely auricled at base, the limb

cordate-reniform, sharply 5—7-9-lobed, the lobes toothed ; corymb lax,

much divided or panicled, many-headed ; inv. scales 7-8 ; ligules few;

achenes flat, puberulous and ciliate.

Has. Tulbagh, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd.)

A loose growing, tall, straggling plant, resembling C. lobata, but tomentose. It

is much more slender than C. erodioides, and wants the ample, leafy ear-lobes to the

petioles, so conspicuous in that species. Ecklon’s specimens are in poor condition.

10. C. geifolia (Linn. Sp. 1242); stem half-herbaceous, weak, flexuous,

branched, pubescent; leaves on long petioles, cordate-reniform, bluntly ~

or deeply lobed orcoarsely toothed, the lobes 3—5-toothed, nearly glabrous © : 2

above, beneath pubescent or villous ; petioles of the cauline leaves auri-

cled at base ; fl.-branches naked, laxly corymbose, few-headed ; pedicels

elongate, sparingly scaly ; iny. scales 9-12, oblong, acute, glabrous or

puberulous, 3-5-nerved ; ligules 5-8; achenes on each side hispidulous, —_-

ciliate. Zh./ Cap. 671, DC.1.¢. 307. C. distans, Kze. in Linn. 17, p. 571? |

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Common in woody places, on the Mts. near Capetown and

Simonstown. Kuilsriver, Zey.! 920. (Herb. Th., D., Hb., Sd.) \

Stems 1-2 feet high, flexuous, vaguely and distantly branched. Petioles 1-2 inches -

long. Lamina }-1 inch long, 1-13 inch wide, more or less deeply 7-9 lobed. Heads

sometimes solitary, commonly 3-12 in a loose, irregular corymb. Iny. varying from

glabrous to downy or hispid. Pubescence of branches copious or scanty. leaves

vary greatly in the depth or shallowness of the lobes. Judging by the author’s de-

scription, C. distans, Kze. can hardly be any thing but this common plant; it was

raised in Leipsic Bot, Garden, from seeds sent by Gueinzius.

11. C. lobata (L’Her. Sert. Angl. 26); stems suffruticulose, flexuous,

much branched, glabrous; leaves on long petioles, roundish-reniform

(rarely lyrate), shortly many lobed, the lobes 3—5-toothed, the teeth cal-

lous ; petioles of the upper leaves eared at base; corymb loosely branched,

many-headed; pedicels scaly; inv. scales 6-18 glabrous ; achenes hispi-

dulous and ciliate. Zh./ Fl. Cap. 671. DC.l.c.307. Sieb.! Fl. Cap.368.

BE Pappei; heads very numerous, small, panicled; auricles of the petioles

Has. Uitenhage and Albany, Bowie! E. 6 Z./ Drege! Sieber! B, Winterhoek

mountain, Tulbage, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 2-3 ft. high. Petioles slender, 1-2 inches long. Leaves 1 inch long, 14-inch

wide, occasionally witha pair of lateral lobes. Corymb. variable, very loose, few or

many headed, Very like C. geifolia, except that it is in all parts quite glabrous, with

a more branching inflorescence. The fl. heads vary much in size and number of inv.

scales; our var. 8. is an extreme state, in all respects, save pubescence, agreeing

with C. alchemilloides!

12. C, Saxifraga (DC.1.c. 306); suffruticose, erect or diffuse, glabrous ;

leaves on long petioles, roundish-reniform, truncate or cuneate at base,

coarsely 5-g-toothed at the apex, many-nerved and netted-veined ;

petiole not auricled at base, rarely with 1-2 lobules below the lamina ;

fi.-branches nude, simple or branched, pedicels elongate, sparingly

scaly; inv. 8-12-scaled, sub-calyculate, scales glabrous, oblong 4-5-

nerved; ligules 3-5; achenes on each side hispidulous, ciliate.

Has. Uitenhage and Albany, F. § Z.! Verreaux! Genl, Bolton! &c. Slaaye Kraal,

Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

312 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Cimeraria.

Stems much branched, slender, rigid, either erect or spreading, or trailing. Petioles

1-1} inch long, slender ; Jamina 6-9 lines wide, 3-5 lines long. Peduncles 2-3 inches

long, filiform. Inv. scales linear-oblong, with a triangular top.—Allied to C. lobata,

but with much smaller and less reniform leaves, less cut.

13. C, geraniifolia (DC.? 1. c. 308) ; quite glabrous ; stem herba-

ceous, erect, slender, laxly branched ; leaves on long petioles minutely

auricled at base or nude, the lower leaves mostly reniform, 5—7-lobed

and toothed, the upper lyrato-pinnatisect, with 1-2 pair of obovate,

toothed, petiolulate, lateral lobes and a deeply 3—5-lobed terminal one ;

flowering branches elongate, nude, laxly few-headed, the heads on very

long nude pedicels ; inv. subcalyculate, glabrous, of about 12 scales ;

rays 10-12; achenes quite glabrous, margined, or winged, not ciliate.

Has. King William’s Town, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Cap., D.)

Stem straggling, 2 ft. high, weak. Leaves distant on 2-3 inch long petioles ;

most of the upper ones with lateral leaf-lobes ; varying considerably in depth of

lobing and degree of dentition. Pedicels 2-5 inches long. Rays numerous, bright

yellow. Not having seen authentic specimens of DC.’s plant I refrain from quoting

his habitats. Specimens from Ecklon and Drege (in Hb. Sond.), purporting to

belong to “ C. geraniifolia B. oligocephala” DC. have hispidulous and ciliate achenes,

and belong to C. Saxifraga; a specimen in Hb. Cap. from Ecklon has no fi. heads,

and may be anything! Dr. Pappe’s plant, here described, is at least an entity.

14, C. deltoidea (Sond. ! in Linn. 23. p. 68) ; herbaceous, erect, quite

glabrous ; leaves petiolate, the petiole with reniform, toothed, ample

auricles at base, the limb deltoid, truncate at base, many nerved, acute,

repand-toothed ; heads loosely panicled or corymbose ; pedicels with

few scales ; inv. subcalyculate, glabrous ; rays 4-6; achenes quite gla-

brous, compressed, narrow-margined,

Has. Natal, Gueinzius! 343. (Herb. Sond.)

Very near C, atriplicifolia, from which it chiefly differs in the less deeply cut and

jagged leaves, and the ampler and reniform auricles to the petioles.

15, C. atriplicifolia (DC.! 1. c. 308); herbaceous, erect, quite gla-

brous ; leaves petiolate, the petiole bearing at base 1-2 narrow, small

lobes, the limb truncate at base, hastate, sharply and coarsely incised

or lobed, acuminate ; heads loosely panicled or corymbose, pedicels

scaly ; inv, calyculate, glabrous ; rays 4~-6 ; achenes flattened, smooth,

wingless, quite glabrous, not ciliate.

age = Natal, Drege! Dr. W. B. Grant. Umzinto, M. J. McKen/ (Herb. D.,

_ Stems weak, 1-2 ft. high, green. Petioles occasionally bearing one or two lobes

in the middle ; terminal lobe 1-14 inch long, }-1} inch wide at base, sharply and

unequally cut,

16. C. decipiens (Harv.) ; herbaceous, erect, quite glabrous; leaves

petiolate, the petiole eared at base, limb truncate and toothed at base,

broadly hastate, sharply and coarsely incised and lobed, acuminate ;

heads loosely panicled or corymbose, few-fl., pedicels filiform, nearly

nude ; inv. of 8 scales, subcalyculate, glabrous ; rays about 4; achenes

flattened, hispidulous, with a narrow, ciliate border.

Has. Umvoti District, Natal, W. 7. Gerrard, 1040. (Herb. D.)

This is so like C. atriplicifolia in foliage, that it can scarcely be known without

an examination of the fruit: then there can be no mistake. It is a rather more

Cineraria. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 313

slender and branching plant, with smaller fl. heads, and larger and more leafy ears

to the petiole. f

17. C. platyearpa (DC. 1. c. 305); annual, many-stemmed, diffuse,

glabrous, pale ; lower and medial leaves eared at base, petioled, lyrate,

the lateral lobes 1-2 pair, oblong, dentate, the terminal large, roundish

or 3-lobed, toothed ; upper leaves sessile, eared at base, pinnatisect ;

fl. branches laxly panicled, the pedicels long, scarcely scaly; inv.

10-13-scaled, with few bracts at base ; rays 6-10, twice as long as the

disc ; achenes broadly obovate, hispidulous on the dise, with a very

wide, fringed margin,

Has, Cape, Drege. Albany and Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. D., Hk.)

6-12 inches high or more, the stems straw-colour when dry. Leaves of very thin

pare veiny. Heads 3 lines long, and about as wide; rays oblong, spreading,

yellow.

18. C. lyrata (DC.? 1. c. 308); annual; stem branching, erect, gla-

brous, angular; leaves eared at base, lyrato-pinnati-partite, the lateral

lobes in 2-3 pairs, obovate-oblong, toothed, the terminal larger, cuneate-

obovate, 3—5-lobed, the lobes toothed ; corymb compound, loose ; inv.

ealycled, its scales 8-10, glabrous, oblong, acute ; rays few; achenes

flattened, quite glabrous, with a broad, perfectly entire, not ciliate —

marginal wing.

Has. Caledon River, Burke § Zeyher! Nieuweveldt, Drege? (fide DC.) (Herb.

D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, simple or branched. Leaves 14-3 inches long, the lateral

lobes 3-8 lines long, the terminal larger. Heads small. I describe from Burke and

=7y Poemmene, not having seen Drege’s plant, which, if different, must be a nearly

allied form.

19. C. microglossa (DC. 1. c. 305); “herbaceous, glabrous, erect;

branched from the suffruticose base; leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate,

tapering to both ends, coarsely toothed or sub-pinnatisect, the upper

linear, sessile, subentire ; branches bifid; pedicels elongate, nude; inv.

14-15-leaved; rays 10-12, scarcely longer than the involucre; achenes

hairy, ciliate.” DC. 7. c.

Has. Near the Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

“ Six inches high. Leaves 1-14 inch long. Ray-achenes compressed.” DC.

20. C. Dregeana (DC. 1. c. 305); “glabrous; stem erect, herbaceous,

terete, branched ; lower leaves... .. ; upper with broad, roundish,

clasping, sinuate toothed auricles at base of petiole ; heads pedicellate,

corymbose, discoid ; inv. scales dilated into a minute, subscarious ap-

pendix; achenes subangular, on both sides whitish with short, close

hairs.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. At the Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to me.) aie

Said to resemble C. geifolia, but differing in fruit and the discoid heads.

91. C. exilis (DC. 1. c. 305); “herbaceous, glabrous, erect; lower

leaves ovate, toothed, tapering at base into a petiole, the rest oblong-

linear, narrowed at base, somewhat toothed at apex; pedunc. few, elon-

gate, scarcely scaly, one-headed ; inv. nearly nude at base, equalling

314 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [Lopholena.

the disc ; heads discoid, homogamous ; achenes compressed, somewhat

4-angled, the angles densely ciliate.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Near Litaku, Burchell, 2274. (Unknown to me.)

“« About 6 inches high, with few leaves. Inv. scales linear, about 18-20,” DC.

§ 3. OrnonnorpEs. (Sp. 22.)

22. C.? othonnoides (Harv. ); root fibrous, annual ; stem erect, branch-

ing, woolly in the axils, glabrous or sparsely pilose; leaves sessile, half-

clasping, pinnati-partite, scaberulous, segments linear, subacute, entire

or 1-2-toothed, with recurved edges, decurrent ; branches prolonged

into nude, one-headed peduncles ; inv. sc. 10-12, not calycled at base,

oblong, 3-5-lined ; rays revolute; achenes rufo-pubescent. Othonna

pinnatifida, Th.! Cap. 721. DOC. 1. c. 482.

Has. Cape, Thunberg. (Herb. Th., Sd.)

Root fibrous. Stem divided near the base into several erect, simple branches,

which are leafy in their lower part, nude and pedunculoid upwards. ‘Leaves slightly

ear-clasping at base, 1-14 in. long ; their lobes 1 line wide. Pedunce. 4-6 in. long,

swollen under the head. Inv. without calycle, but the expanded apex of the peduncle

is minutely dentate, the teeth alternating with the inv. scales. Achenes narrow

. obovate, copiously pubescent, their pubescence mucilaginous when moistened, emitting

spiral hairs as in Ruckeria, &c. The style of the disc fl. is branched ; its branches

tipped with a short, hispid cone.

Doubtful species.

C. arctotidea (DC. lL c. 306); ‘herbaceous, erect, the whole plant

cano-tomentose when young, the adult cobwebby or glabrescent; lower

leaves equalling the stem, long-petioled, lyrate, the terminal lobe reni-

form, obtusely lobed, the lobes calloso-mucronate ; the cauline shorter,

with petioles dilated at base; branches few, nearly leafless, one-headed ;

inv. subcalyeulate, a little shorter than the disc, subcanescent; rays

about 10 ; achenes compressed, downy, ciliate.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Roggeveldt, Burchell, 1368.

Drege’s specimens, from the Sneeuweberg, quoted by DC. are undistinguishable

from C. mollis B.; I have not seen Burchell’s. P

C. humifusa (L’Her. Sert. Angl. 25); “stem suffruticose at base,

ascending ; radical leaves petioled, the petiole tomentose, not eared at

base, naked or with a lobe under the limb, limb ovate or subeordate,

or cuneate at base, lobulate-dentate, glabrous above, tomentose beneath ;

pedune. scapelike, sparingly scaly, one-headed ; invol. calyculate, cob-

webbed, of 10-12 scales; rays 8-10; achenes minutely downy, ciliate.”

DC. l. ¢. 306.

Has. Graaf Reynet, Drege. (v. frustulum in Hb. Sd.)

Is not this some form of C. mollis?

CXI. LOPHOLZANA, DC.

Heads many-fi., all the flowers tubular, 5-fid, with a terete tube ; the

marginal fl. mostly cleft on the inner side and with subabortive anthers,

thus polygamo-female ; of the dise regularly tubular, the style sometimes

abortive. Jnv. 5-leaved, the scales free, leat-like, broadly keel-crested on

the back, winged at the sides. Recept. honey-combed. Anthers tail-less.

Cacalia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 315

Style-branches in the perfect fl. elongate, downy at back, produced at the

apex into a long, every where hispid, scarcely acute appendix. Achenes

angular, beakless, glabrescent, ciliate at the angles, the central ones often

abortive. Pappus multiseriate, bristle-shaped, scarcely rough. DC.

Prodr. 6, p. 336.

A single species. The name is compounded of Aogos, aecrest, and xAawa, a cloak;

alluding to the involucre.

1. L, Dregeana (DC. in Deless. Ic. 4. t. 59); DO. le.

Has. Omsamculo and Omtenda, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A robust, glabrous, erect undershrub. Leaves 1~3 inches long, $-3 inch wide,

alternate, sessile, half-clasping, oblong, obtuse, rigid, quite entire, 3-nerved, the

upper narrower and more lanceolate. Branches leafy to the summit. Heads sub-

corymbose. Fl. seemingly yellow. A very remarkable plant.

CXII. CACALIA, Linn.

Heads several-fl., homogamous; all the fl. tubular, 5-fid, perfect. Znv.

uniseriate, of 5—30-scales, with a very few bracteoles at base. Recept.

without palez. Style-branches tipped with a short cone, hispid at base.

Achenes oblong, beakless, glabrous. Pappus uniseriate, of many rigid,

scabrous bristles. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 327.

Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, mostly petiolate, toothed or lobed. Heads

panicled or corymbose. Cor. white, rosy or yellow-white. The species are chiefly

American and Asiatic; very few African, and only one from the Cape. Name

used by Dioscorides for some similar plant.

1. C.? cissampelina (DC. 1. c. 331); suffruticose, scandent, cobwebby,

becoming glabrous; branches striate; leaves petiolate, bluntly 3~5-angled,

5-7 nerved and netted-veined, the angles mucronate; pedunc. axillary,

shorter than the leaf, corymbose or subumbellate, several-headed ; heads

shortly pedicellate, g—10-fl.; inv. scarcely calycled, of 6-8 scales much

shorter than the flowers ; corollas campanulate, with long, revolute lobes ;

anthers much exserted.

Han. Ceded Territory, Ecklon! Katherg, H. Hutton! (Herb. Sd., D., Cap.)

With the habit of a scandent Senecio, but cobwebby. Petiole 14-2in. long. Leaf

2-24 in. long and broad, pentagonal, rhomboid, or deltoid. Flowers pale. Corymb

few or many headed, simple or branched. Scarcely generically separable from Senecio.

CXII. KLEINIA, Linn.

Heads many-fi., discoid, almost always homogamons, (in 1-2 sp. hetero-

gamous), allthefl. tubular, 5-toothed. Recept. flat, naked. Znv. uniseriate,

many-leaved, with a few small bracteoles at base, rarely nude. Style-

branches tipped with a short cone, ciliate at base. Achenes beakless.

Pappus bristle-shaped, roughish, in many rows. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 336.

Fleshy, A fricanshrubs or herbs, sometimesnearly stemless, often glaucous. Branches

terete or angular. Leaves alternate, mostly quite entire. Flowers white or pale-yellow.

Name, in honour of J. Th. Klein, a German zoologist. Better known by a peculiar

habit than by differential characters. It differs from Cacalia by the more copious

pappus ; from Senecio by the conical tips of the style-branches, the constantly discoid

heads, and white or very pale flowers. Several species unknown to me are given on

the authority of De Candolle. They are difficult to discriminate in a dried state,

and I fear have been needlessly multiplied.

316 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Klewmia.

Sect. 1. CACALIANTHEMUM. Heads homogamous, all the flowers perfect, 5-toothed,

hermaphrodite. (Sp. 1-16.)

Leaves glabrous, fleshy, linear, subulate or fusiform :

Lvs. minute, distant; stem much-branched, angular (1) longifiora.

Lvs. elongate, crowded, linear or fusiform :

Lvs. fusiform, tapering to base and apex :

Stem erect, fruticose :

Lys. laterally compressed :

Powdery-glaucous; stembranched (2) ficoides.

Scarcely glaucous ; stem-veryshort (3) aizoides.

Lvs. vertically depressed, glaucous ... (4) repens.

Stem trailing, slender, rooting at intervals (5) radicans.

* Lys. linear-semiterete, not tapering at base :

Pedunc. much longer than the leaves :

Pedune. remotely forked, few-headed :

Stem glabrous; lvs. 2-2} in. long (6) crassulzfolia.

Stem villous; lvs. 14 inch long... (7) pinguifolia.

Pedune. closely-corymbose, very many

HEGGGS © mess cove ses (10) talinoides.

Pedune. shorter than the leaves :

Pedune, short, 3-4-headed... ... ... (8) breviscapa.

Pedune. simple, one-headed ... .... (9) Ecklonis.

Leaves tomentose, terete, tapering to each end :

Densely tomentose; leaves elongate she See aye LI) SOT.

Closely tomentose; lvs. shorter and broader ... ... (12) cana.

Leaves glabrous, expanded, flat, quite entire :

Lys. wedge-shaped, obtuse or truncate ... ... ... (13) euneifolia.

Lys. ovate-oblong; stem smoothish... ... ... ... (14) Anteuphorbium.

Lys. lanceolate; stem rough with knobs... ... .... (15) papillaris.

Leaves glabrous, petioled, lobed or laciniate ... ... ... (16) articnlata.

Sec. 2. ErEcHTHITOIDES. Heads heterogamous, the marginal flowers female,

either tubular-truncate or minutely and very imperfectly radiate. (Sp. 17-18.)

Stemless; lvs. radical, elongate; scape one-headed ... (17) acaulis,

Branching, leafy; pedunc. short, corymbose ... ... (18) subradiata.

1. K. longiflora (DC. ! 1. c. 337); glabrous; stem shrubby, fleshy,

much-branched ; branches mult-angular (furrowed when dry); leaves

distant, minute, linear-subulate, fleshy ; peduncles 3-5 at the ends of

the branches, much shorter than the involucres, bearing 2-4 scattered,

subulate bracts ; inv. cylindrical, of 5, linear, acute, margined, rigid

scales, half as long as the corollas; flowers 5 in the head, perfect ;

achenes elongate, cylindrical, multistriate, rigidly hispidulous between

the ribs ; pappus longer than the corolla.

Has. Beyond the Gariep, betw. Klaarwater and Nu-Gariep, Burchell, 1718.

Nieuweveld, Drege! Cradock, Burke & Zey.! Zey.! 930. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Two feet or more high, much-branched ; the branches 3-4 lines diameter, pris-

matically angled. Leaves 3-4 lines long (perhaps longer on young shoots), scale-

like. Peduncles 3 and }inch long. Inv. scales 8-9 lines long. Pappus twice a8

long, pale-creamy, silky, copious.

2. K. ficoides (Haw. Succ. Pl. 313); “quite glabrous; stem fleshy-

fruticose, erect, branched ; leaves fleshy, nerveless, compressed, acumi-

nate, powdery-glaucous ; pedunc. elongate, corymbose at the summit,

many-headed ; inv. cylindr., the scales 7-8; fl. 9-15, perfect; achenes

downy. DOC. 1. c. p. 337. Cacalia ficoides, Linn. Th. Cap. 623. DC.

Pl. Grass. t. 90. Comm. Rar. t. 40.

Has. Cape, Thunberg. (y. v. cult.)

Kleinia. } COMPOSIT& (Harv.) eee

3. K. aizoides (DC. 1. c. 337); “quite glabrous ; stem very short,

shrubby ; leaves crowded on the crown, compressed, quite entire, cal-

lous-mucronate, acute ; pedune. twice as long as the leaves, nude,

striate, bifid, 2-4-headed; pedicels elongate, scarcely scaly under the

head ; inv. sc, about 12, scarious edged, equalling the flowers; fl.

25-30; achenes terete, densely hairy.” DC. Z. c.

Has. Zwarteberge, near Kendo, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Said to be allied to X. ficoides, but ‘ scarcely glaucous, much smaller, with fewer

fl. heads. Leaves 3-3} inches long, 3 lines wide. Heads 6 lines long, and nearly

as wide.” DC. I give this on DC.’s authority; a specimen in Hb. Sond., with the

fl. in bad condition, looks to me more like a Doria. Specimens collected by Dr.

Pappe, at the Waterfall, Tulbagh (in Herb. Cap.) agree better with DC.’s character.

Their leaves vary from 14-44 inches long, 2-3 lines wide. The scape, sometimes

one-headed, is 6-12 inches long, in the larger plant forked and 2-3-headed ; pedicels

2 inches long. Achenes densely and softly villous.

4. K. repens (Haw. Succ. Pl. 313); “quite glabrous; root creeping;

stem fleshy-fruticose, erect; leaves fleshy, glaucous, oblong-acuminate,

depressed, subconcave above ; pedunc. naked, somewhat branched,

corymbulose, few-headed ; inv. campanulate, subcalyculate, of 5-6 (or

8-10) scales ; flowers 15-16 (or 20-30); achenes glabrescent.” DC.

l.c. p. 337. Cacalia repens, L. Th. Cap. 623. DC. Pl. Grass. t. 42.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Th., and v. v. cult )

“Smaller and more glaucous than KX. jicoides, which it closely resembles ; it differs

chiefly in the depressed, not compressed leaves.

5. K. radicans (DC. 1. c. 337); stem herbaceous, decumbent, rooting

at intervals, sharply wing-angled; branches short, erect; leaves fleshy,

lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, acute, scattered ;

pedune. slender, naked, simple or bifid, pedicels elongate, unibracteate,

one-headed ; heads homogamous, 20-2 5-fl.; inv. 10-12-leaved, equalling

the disc, acute at base, subcalyculate; scales linear-acuminate; achenes

hispid, ribstriate. X. gonoclada, DC. 1. ¢. 336. Cacalia radicans, Th.!

Cap. 625. ——*

Has. At Saldanha Bay; on the Karroo, and elsewhere, Thunberg/ Under bushes,

in thickets by the Zwartkops R., Z. g Z./ Fish R., Burke! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 feet long, prostrate, subsimple, rooting every few inches, secundly-leafy ;

branches 1-2 inches long, leafy, erect. Both stem and branches are wing-angled by

ridges proceeding from the base of the leaves. Leaves 7-1 inch long, 2~3 lines-wide.

Pedune. 4-5 inches long. The leaves, which have a taste of turpentine, are eaten

by the Hottentots. Zhunberg’s specimens quite agree with those of Z£. ¢ Z. of “ K.

gonoclada.”

6. K. crassulefolia (DC. 1. c. 336); glabrous; stem fleshy-fruticose,

short, simple, erect ; leaves crowded on the upper half of the stem,

linear-semiterete, acute or subulate, quite entire ; peduncle elongate,

naked, bifid or sparingly branched near the summit, the pedicels elongate,

distantly scaly, one-headed ; heads campanulate, homogamous, about

30-fl.; inv. bracteolate at base, scales about 12, membrane-edged, acu-

minate, with inflexed points not shorter than the disc ; achenes pu-

“bescent ; pappus white, equalling the flowers.

Has. Uitenhage, Eckl. Stony places near the Zwartkops R., Zey.!’ (Hb. D., Hk.)

Stem 3-4 inches high, stipe-like, 4-5 lines diameter, rough with the bases of old

318 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Kleinia.

leaves. Leaves 2-23 inches long, 2-3 lines thick, quite glabrous. Pedunc. 6-8

inches long, slender, annual, terminal. Invol. 4-5 lines long. This comes near £.

repens, but the leaves (in a dry state) seem different.

7. K. pinguifolia (DC. 1. c. 336); “stem very short, fleshy-fruticose,

villous; leaves subterete, acute, glabrescent, quite entire; pedunec. 3-4

times longer than the leaves, glabrous, remotely forked, leafless ; pedi-

cels nude, much longer than the heads; invol. scarcely calyculate, of

about 12 acute scales; fl. about 20; achenes terete, downy.” DC. l.c¢.

Has. Cape, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

‘‘ Leaves 14 inch long, 2 lines wide. Inv. 4 lines long, equalling the pappus,”

DC. It seems to come very near K. crassulefolia,

8. K. breviscapa (DC. 1. c. 337); “stem very short, fleshy-fruticose,

irregularly terete, somewhat villous; leaves subterete, with a subspinous

mucro, entire, glabrous ; pedunc. subdichotomous, 4-headed, scarcely

equalling the leaves, scaly ; inv. calyculate, of about 12 leaves, as long

as the disc; fl. 25-30; achenes glabrous, subvillous on the angles.”

DG. t, 6

Has. Ebenezar, Oliphant River, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

“ Leaves 14-2 inches long, often incurved. Heads 5 lines long and broad.” DC.

9. K. Ecklonis (Harv.); rhizome creeping subhorizontally under

ground ; stem short, ascending, fleshy, rough with broken leaf-bases ;

leaves crowded on the upper half of the stem, linear-terete, elongate,

channelled above, attenuated, acute, glabrous ; scapes shorter than the

leaves, slender, distantly scaly, one-headed ; inv. scales ro—12, acumi-

nate, with broad margins equalling the disc; fl. all perfect (no female

marginal fi.), 40-50; achenes (young), subglabrous, with a wide, epigy-

nous disc. K. acaulis, 8. Ecklonis, DC. l. c.

Has. On dry hills at Adow, Uit., £. Z., Zey.! 2981. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Rhizome several inches long ; stem rising 2~3 inches above the soil, 4-5 lines

diameter. Lvs. 21-31 inches long, 11-2 lines diameter. Scapes about 3 inches long.

10. K. talinoides (DC. 1. c. 337); quite glabrous, fleshy-fruticose,

erect; stem terete; leaves fleshy, elongate, ‘ terete-compressed’ (?), quite

entire, acute or acuminate; pedunc. much longer than the leaves, terete,

nude, ending in a much-branched, many-headed, close, corymbose

panicle; pedicels shorter than the invol. or about equalling it; invol.

1-3 bracteolate at base, of 5-7 scales, 5—7-flowered, shorter than the

flowers; achenes glabrous,

Has. Haazenkraal’s River, near Uitkomst, Drege! (Herb. Sd., D.)

T have not seen the stem. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, much com-

pressed in drying. Pedunc. 6-9 inches long; corymb 2 inches across, 40-50-headed

or more. Inv. 3-4 lines long, 2 lines wide.

11. K. Haworthii (DC. 1 c. 338); “in all parts clothed with dense,

white woolliness; stem fleshy-fruticose ; leaves terete, tapering to each

end.” Cacalia tomentosa, Haw. Mise. p. 189, non Linn. C, Haworthii, Sw.

Has. Cape.

i in Europe (at least formerly); fi. undescribed.

Kleinia.} COMPOSITZ (Hary.) 319

12. K. cana (DC.1. ec. 338); “in all parts clothed with close, whitish

toment.; stem fleshy-fruticose, 5-angled; leaves thick, oval or obovate,

tapering to each end; peduncle nude, one-headed ; inv. about 7-leaved,

tomentose, obtuse, subequalling the flowers.” DC.J. c.

Has. Camdebosberg, Drege.

Said to differ from A. Haworthii by its thicker leaves, 8-g lines long, 3-4 lines thick.

13. K. cuneifolia (DC. 1.c. 337); “glabrous ; stem fleshy-fruticose,

erect; leaves fleshy, cuneiform, veinless.” DC. 1. c. Cacalia cuneifolia,

Linn.—Th. ! Cap. 624.

Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

A fragment without flowers alone exists in Hb. Thunb.

14. K. Anteuphorbium (DC. 1. c. 338); “quite glabrous; stem fleshy-

fruticose, erect; leaves ovate-oblong, flat; petioles decurrent in a triple

line at base ; heads shortly peduncled, solitary; inv. scales acuminate,

equalling the flowers. Cacalia Anteuphorbium, Linn. Dill. Elth. t. 55,

f. 2-3.

Has. Cape. (Cultivated in Europe.)

15. K. papillaris (Haw.Succ.Pl. p. 313); “quite glabrous; stem fleshy

fruticose, beset with cylindrical, truncate, petiolar prominences; leaves

lanceolate, flat, subglaucous, mid-nerved.” DC.1.c.338. Cacalia papil-

laris, Linn. Dill, Elth. t. 55, f. 63.

Has. Cape. (Cultivated in Europe.)

16. K. articulata (Haw. Succ. Pl p.315); quite glabrous; stem fleshy-

fruticose, suberect; branches jointed, swollen; leaves petioled, flat, fleshy,

glaucous, runcinate-laciniate, the lobes acuminate, the terminal larger ;

pedune. elongate, nude, corymbose at summit, few-headed ; pedicels

longer than the heads; iny. scales 10-12, acuminate, scarcely calyculate,

longer than the disc; fl. 15-20; achenesdowny. DC. l. c. 339. Cacalia

articulata, Linn. Th.! Fl. Cap. 624. L’ Her. Stirp. t. 83. C. laciniata,

Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 68. DC. Pl. grass. t. 18. C. runcinata, Lam.

Has. On the hill of Zwartkops Zoutpan, Uit., Thunberg!, E.G K./ Zey./ 2985.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Long cultivated in Europe. Stems 1-2f. high, branching, the branches constricted

atintervals. Petioles 1 inch ormore; lamina 1-2 inches long, deeply lobed. Pedunc.

6-8 inches long.

17. K. acaulis (DC.! 1. c. 339); nearly stemless (with a thick

rhizome); leaves from the crown numerous, aggregated, linear-semi-

terete, elongate, channelled above, acute, mucronate ; scape erect, one-

headed, distantly scaly, rather longer than the leaves, striated ; inv.

scales 12-16, acuminate, with broad white margins, nearly equalling

the disc; fl. 40-60, the outermost narrow-tubular, female, with elon-

gated stigmas ; achenes villous; pappus copious, Cacalia acaulis,

Linn. f. Th.! Fl. Cap. 625.

Has. Under Roggeveldt, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Rhizome 4-5 lines diameter, scarcely protruding above the soil. Leaves 4-5-6

inches long, 14~2 lines diameter, clasping at base, linear, acute, glabrous. Scapes

320 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Doria.

6-8 inches high, with a few slender, subulate, scattered leaves. Inv. } inch long,

among the largest in the genus, when mature nearly an inch across. Female

marginal flowers, several, uniseriate, denticulate at summit, quite cylindrical.

Achenes shortly hairy. 7hunberg’s original specimens are in excellent order ; I

have seen no modern ones agreeing with them. DC. quotes a specimen No. 6804

of Burchell’s list from Swellendam. Zcklon’s Uitenhage plant seems different ; it

is probably our K. Ecklonis.

18, K.? subradiata (DC. 1. c. 339); “shrubby, erect, branching,

glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves sessile, fleshy, linear, thick, acute,

quite entire; heads at the ends of the branches subcorymbose ; pedunc.

shorter than the leaves; pedicels scaly, shorter than the head; inv.

scales 7-8; rays few, shorter than their own style; achenes softly

pubescent.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Graaf Reynet, Ecklon. (Unknown to me.)

Allied, according to DC., to Senecio acutifolius, but the leaves are 14 inch long,

and the expanded portion of the ligule so minute as to be scarcely obvious to the

eye. Is the plant more properly a Senecio?

CXIV. DORIA, Less.

Character as in Othonna, except: Heads discoid. Corolla of the

marginal, female flowers tubular, truncate, shorter than the involucre,

never ligulate. Less. in Linn. 1831, p.94. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 469.

Herbs or shrubs, with completely the aspect of Othonna. Name unexplained.

A. Rigid, ramulous shrubs or half-shrubs, with ligneous stems :

Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate :

Lys. lanc., entire or toothed; inv. sc.8-g ... (1) acutiloba.

Lys. linear-lanceolate, thick, entire ; inv. sc. 5-6:

Pedunc. shorter than lvs.; inv. sc. acumin.

(3) eneorifolia.

Pedune. 2-3-ce as long as lvs.; inv. scales

BUNGIE fis we oe ae. = (4) loner

Leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, petiolate; pedicels axill.,

eo reese: Sine see, vee topes 40) lamdooarpa.

Leaves obovate, oblong or cuneate-oblong, entire or

toothed : pedicels terminal.

Heads solitary, on short or long pedicels :

Branches divaricate, ending in hard spines (6) rigida.

Branches not spinous :

Pedicels very short or shortish :

Lvs. obovate, obtuse, entire, drying

Beiere: vee Seve ieee ce (8) Oly ie

Lys. cuneate-oblong, 3-5-toothed,

ciliolate, drying dark .., ... (7) ciliata.

Pedicels 2-8 times longer than the i

decurrent leaves... ... ~... ... (8) Kraussii.

Heads in subsessile, branching corymbs ; lvs.

CQOCURDGIG 5503-553 Sis a peony ees (9) alata.

B. Fleshy or succulent, small shrubs ; branches mostly forked : :

Leaves pinnato-multifid, with linear-filiform lobes ... (14) abrotanifolia.

Lys, obovate or lanceolate, entire or toothed :

Pedicels thrice shorter than the obovate, serrulate

leaves eee

Shes AeyS os Sate eS . w (10) nana,

Pedicels as long as leaves or longer :

Leaves oblong-spathulate, obtuse, petioled ; 2

ROOTES is oe ayes ee tS eee,

Doria.) COMPOSITE (Harv.) 321

Lys. lanceolate, the upper obovate; achenes

GiAbrows ~.. ~<a, ss s,s. ose (12) Arbuscnle.

Lys. oblong-lanceolate, 1-toothed or lobed

on each side; achenes glabrous... ... (13) retrofracta.

C, Herbaceous plants, mostly (or always?) with tuberous roots.

Stem erect, fleshy; lvs. fleshy, pinnatifid :

Achenes glabrescent; pappus scarcely longer

than invol. Pie ee

Achenes hirsute; pappus twice as long as invol, (16) eriocarpa,

Stemless: rad. lvs. many, petioled, obovate, bluntly

pinnatifid or lobulate ... ... ... ... ... --- (17) taraxacoides,

Stem slender, simple or branched, weak or wiry :

* Achenes of the dise with pappus :

Cauline lvs. conspicuously stem-clasping, cordate or cuneate :

Lower leaves subpetioled, cuneate or

oblong, 3~5-lobed or toothed... .... (18) digitata.

Leaves cordate at base, obtuse or acuminate, entire :

Ach. silky; pappus whitish or pale (19) perfoliata.

Ach. hispidulous ; pappus rufous (20) Lingua.

Ach. glabrous; pappus rufous ... (21) chromocheta.

Cauline Ivs. linear or linear-lanceolate, sessile or somewhat clasping.

Marginal achenes glabrous :

Lys. linear, elongate ... ... ... (22) linearifolia.

Lys. lanceolate, 1} inch long, 4-5

' lines wide... ... (23) Laureola,

Marginal achenes pubescent : (stems branching) :

Pappus whitish ; lvs. lanceolate,

wndilate 3s Re a) eee

Pap. rufous; lvs, linear-lanceolate ;

stem twisted (25) tortuosa.

** Achenes of the disc quite nude, without pappus : :

Lys, sessile, linear-lanceolate ... ... ... (26) semicalva.

Lys. cordate-oblong, clasping, subacute ... (27) Gymmodiscus.

1. D. acutiloba (DC. 1. c. 469); shrubby, glabrous, erect ; branches

terete; leaves lanceolate, acute, tapering much at base, coriaceous, with

immersed veins, sessile, some quite entire, some sharply few toothed,

others (occasionally) “ toothed or cut along their whole margin ;”

pedune, terminal, nude, long, 1-2-headed, rigid; inv. of 8-9 lanceolate,

membrane-edged, basally concrete scales; “ marg. achenes terete, thick,

densely villous.” (DC.)

Has. District of Worcester, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves closely set, 14-2 inches long, 2-6 lines wide, cuneate-attenuate at base.

Pedune. 3-5 inches long, if branched, the pedicels as long. FI. and fruit wanting

in the only specimens I have seen; and which, to my eye, are undistinguishable

from Othonna coronopifolia.

2. D. lasiocarpa (DC. 1.c. 469); “stem shrubby, terete, glabrous ;

leaves oblong-linear, quite entire, obtuse, glabrous, tapering at base

into a petiole; pedicels axillary, equalling the leaves; inv. scales 5,

oblong, subconcrete at the base only ; marg. achenes thick, obovate,

very hairy.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Near Verleptpram, Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to me.) d

“Stem purplish. Leaves 2 in. long, 31. wide. Pappus dirty-reddish.” DC.

3. D. eneorifolia (DC. ! 1. c. 470); shrubby, erect, glabrous ; branches

VOL. I. 21

322 composiT® (Harv.) [ Doria.

terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, thick, quite entire, tapering

at base, callous-tipped, subacute, faintly mid-nerved ; pedicels axillary

toward the ends of the branches, subracemose, a little shorter than the

leaves ; inv. sc. 5-6, concrete at base, acuminate, with broad, mem-

branous edges ; marg. achenes hairy-villous.

Has. Kamiesberg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 2 inches long, 2-3 lines wide. _

4, D. longipes (Harv.) ; shrubby, glabrous, erect ; branches terete,

ramulous; leaves linear-lanceolate, fleshy, quite entire, tapering at base,

acute, almost nerveless ; pedicels terminal and subterminal, slender,

2-3 times as long as the leaves; inv. scales 5-6, linear-oblong, sub-

acute, with narrow, membr. edges; marg. achenes (immature) thinly

silky ?

Has. Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. D.)

Apparently a much-branched shrub. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 2-3 lines wide,

shrinking when dry. Pedicels 3-4 inches long, pale. Inv. sc. 7 lines long, 14 line

wide. The young achenes are compressed, and scarcely silky. Nearly allied to

D. cneorifolia, but with different inflorescence, &c.

5. D. cluytiefolia (DC.! 1. c. 470); shrubby, glabrous, erect, much

branched ; branches terete, fiexuous, pale ;. leaves sessile, half-clasping

and subdecurrent, obovate or oblong, obtuse, quite entire, rigid, nerve-

less, glaucous; pedicels terminal, as long or twice as long as the leaves ;

inv. sc. 5-7, broadly oblong or ovate, acute, concrete at base; marg.-

achenes thick, very hairy.

Has. Sneeuweberg and Nieuweveld, near Uitvlugt, Drege) (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

A very rigid, pale, glaucous bush. Leaves } inches long, 4-6 l. wide, immersedly

3-nerved. Pedicels 4-1 inch long. Inv. scales (fide DC.) sometimes 9 ; they are

commonly. but 5, rarely 6 or 7.-

6. D. rigida (Harv.); shrubby, glabrous, divaricately much branched,

the branches terete, often spine-pointed ; leaves coriaceous, oblong-ob-

ovate, obtuse or mucronulate, glaucous, nerveless, some entire, others

with two or few small, acute, lateral teeth ; pedicels terminal, a little

longer than the leaves; inv. scales 5, acute, concrete at base, with

membranous edges; marg. achenes very hairy. Cacalia rigida, Thunb.!

Cap.p. 624. Doria spinescens, DC. 1.¢. 470. Kleinia rigida, DC. 1. ¢. 338.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Sneeuweberg, Drege. (Herb. Thunb.

A very rigid, scrubby bush, the old’ bolige slag in Soars fi 3 in. long,

3-4 lines wide, frequently bidentate near the apex. I have not seen Drege’s plant.

but DC.’s description agrees well with Thunberg's specimen. ees

*%. D. ciliata (Harv.); rigidly suffruticose, spreading, much branched ;

branches pale, angular; leaves sessile, half-clasping, cuneate-oblong,

obsoletely 3—5-toothed at the extremity, cartilagineo-ciliolate, coriaceous,

rigid, faintly three-nerved, glaucous (turning black when dry); pedicels

short, one-headed, terminal or opposite the leaves ; imv. scales 4-5,

broadly oblong, connate at base, with membr. edges, acute; marg. achenes

glabrous or nearly so (ripe not seen).

Has. Vet Rivier, Burke § Zeyher! Zey.! 993. (Herb., Hk., Sd.

Closely much branched, leafy; the pile. Sein wep rigid, but Sraperfectly ligneous.

Doria.] — coMPosIT (Harv.) 323

Leaves 1-1} inch long, 4-5 lines wide, with a deltoid extremity ; in the specimens

seen turning quite black in drying. Pedicel shorter than the leayes. Inv. sc. 4~5

lines long, 2 1. wide.

8. D. Kraussii (Sch. Bip. in Bot. Zeit. xxvii. p. 769); half-shrubby,

erect or diffuse, much-branched, glabrous; branches terete, flexuous;

leaves obovate, obtuse, decurrent at base into a narrow, vanishing stem-

wing, coriaceous, faintly 3-nerved, some quite entire, some few-toothed,

callous-margined ; pedicels sub-terminal, solitary or 2~3-together, one-

headed, 2-8 times as long as the leaves ; inv. scales 6-8, oblong, con-

crete at base, membrane-edged, subacute; achenes silky-villous. D-alata,

DC. 1. c. ex pte. Drege! litt. a. &b. Othonna frutescens, Eckl. (non L.)

Has. Aasvogelberg and Kopie, near mouth of Zwartkops R., Drege! Zey.! 3032.

Uitenhage and Kaffirland, Ecklon / (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) ;

Very similar in habit and foliage to D. alata, with which it was associated by

De Candolle; but from which it differs in inflorescence, larger fl. heads, longer pedi-

cels, more numerous and less connate inv. scales, and narrower stem-wings. Inyol.

scales 4 lines long. D0C.’s description refers to both plants.

9. D. alata (Thunb. Cap. 673); half-shrubby, erect or diffuse, much

branched, glabrous; branches terete, flexuous; leaves obovate, obtuse,

strongly decurrent at base into a vanishing stem-wing, coriaceous, vein-

less, entire, callous-margined ; heads in subsessile, branching corymbs,

the pedicels swollen upwards ; inv. scales about 5, oblong, concrete to

their middle, subacute; achenes densely hairy. Less. Syn. p. 69. DC.

l.c. (ex pte.), p. 470.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Hills about Eland’s R., Uitenhage, Zey.! 3033. (Herb.

Th., D.,Sd., Hk.)

Scrubby, divaricately branched, ligneous below, half-ligneous above ; the bark

dark-coloured. Leaves } inch long, 3-6 lines wide, undulate, decurrent for 4-5 lines

below the base as a broadish wing. Heads on short clavate pedicels, in a branching

10-20-headed corymb. Inv. sc. 3 lineslong. Zeyher’s specimens quite agree with

Thunberg’s.

10. D. nana (DC.1.c. 470); “glabrous; stem shrubby-carnose, dwarf,

branched ; branches terete, thick, leafy at the summit only; leaves

somewhat tufted, sessile, obovate, tapering at base, obtuse, thickish,

nerveless, serrulate or sublobulate at the margin; pedicels terminal,

solitary, 4 as long as leaves ; inv. sc. 5, ovate, concrete at base.” DC. l. c.

(Achenes not seen.)

Has. Karroo, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

11, D. Ceradia (Harv.); shrubby-carnose, glabrous ; branches repeat-

edly forked, leafy at the tips; leaves tufted, oblongo-spathulate, obtuse

or retuse, coriaceous, rigid, tapering at base into a 3-nerved petiole,

obsoletely veiny ; ped. 1 or several, terminal, 1-headed, equalling the

leaves; invol. scales 5-6, oblong, acute, concrete at base only; achenes

silky. Ceradia furcata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1845, Pl. misc. p.12. Walp.

Rep. 6, p. 727.

Has. On the island of Ichaboe. (Herb. Hk., sp. cult. %

A fleshy shrub, with the general aspect and foliage of Othonna arborescens. In

gen. char. it precisely agrees with other species of Doria.

tng

324 coMPOSIT® (Harv.) [Doria.

12. D. Arbuseula (DC. 1. c. 470); “shrubby-carnose, erect, di-tri-

chotomous ; branches terete ; leaves lanceolate, flat, the uppermost

obovate ; pedicels 1-2-headed, terminal; inv. cylindrical, of 5 obtuse

scales, concrete at base; achenes glabrous.” DC.l.c. Cacalia Arbus-

cula, Th.? Cap. 624.

Has. Roggeveld, Thunberg? Clanwilliam, Ecklon. (Herb. Th. ?)

I have not seen Acklon’s plant. In Thunberg’s Herbarium are two specimens

marked “ Cacalia arbuscula ;” that marked No. 2, which has no leaves, may belong

to this ; but No. 1, is a Senecio, and probably S. aloides, DC.

18. D. retrofracta (Less. Syn. 89); ‘“shrubby-carnose, erect, gla-

brous; branches divaricate or bent back; leaves oblong-lanceolate,

subobtuse, cuneate at base, in the middle on each side with a single

large tooth or lobe ; pedicels t-headed, axillary, scarcely twice longer

than leaves ; inv. 5-parted ; marg. achenes glabrous.” Othonna retro-

fracta, Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 376.

Probably a garden variety of D. Arbuseula.

14. D. abrotanifolia (Harv.) ; glabrous, shrubby-carnose ; twigs

4-angled, leafy at the extremity only; leaves tufted, petioled, pinnato-

multifid, the pinne in few pairs, filiform, once or twice forked or

multifid, the lobules slender, acute, the uppermost sometimes cuneate ,

pedicels terminal, 1 or more, equalling or scarcely exceeding the leaves ;

inv. scales 5, oblong, acute, membr.-edged, scarcely connate at base ;

achenes longitudinally striate, hispidulous. Zey.? 949.

Has. Springbokfontein, Namaqualand, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. D.)

A small, fleshy, glaucous bush, bearing tufts of leaves at the ends of the twigs.

Leaves 1-1} inch long, as much in expansion, divided, in a way between pinnate

and dichotomous, into many filiform or very narrow, fastigiate lobes and lobules.

Petiole springing from a hard white disc, channelled. Pedicels 1-1} inch long.

Zey.! 949 (Hb. Hk.) is either the same, or an allied species with nearly similar

leaves ; it is in too imperfect a condition for determination,

15. D. carnosa (DC. 1. c. 471); herbaceous, glabrous, with tuberous

root; stem Jleshy, simple or branched, with woolly axils; leaves fleshy,

sessile, stem-clasping, narrowed toward the base, pinnatifid, the lobes

on each side 2-3, oblong, entire, acute ; pedunc. terminal, t—-3—5-headed,

the heads pedicellate ; inv. se. 4-6, broadly oval, obtuse, scarcely con-

nate at base; marg. achenes glabrescent, their pappus not longer than

the invol., fulvous.

Has, Grassy hills in Uitenhage, FE. ¢ Z.! : 3

a Ree id ay in Uitenhage, EF. ¢ Z.! Adow, Zey.! 3034. Hex R., Drege

Tuber long, oval, or pear-shaped. Stem 3-6 inches high, simple or 2-3 times

forked, thick, shrinking in i Leaves closely set, 2-3 inches jenigs 3-4 lines

_wide, the lobes 2-6 lines long. Pedune. slender, lo: than the | s, mostly

bearing 2-5 heads, rarely 1-leaded, stag ee

16. D. eriocarpa (DC. 1. c. 471); herbaceous, glabrous, with tuberous

Toot; stem fleshy, simple or branched, with woolly axils; leaves fleshy,

sessile, stem-clasping, tapering at base into a petiole, pinnatifid, the lobes

on each side 2-3, oblong, acute ; pedune. terminal, corymbose, 3-5 headed,

~ heads long-pedicelled; inv. se. 5, oval oblong, connate at base, subacute ;

achenes hirsute, the pappus twice as long as the inv., fulvous.

Doria.| COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | 325

Has. Kendo ; also at Ado, Drege. Zwartkops Zoutpan, E. § Z./, Zey.! 3035.

(Herb. D., Sd, HE) oes

Very similar in habit and foliage to D. carnosa, but differing in the very hairy

achenes and the long, silky pappus.

17. D. taraxacoides (DC. 1.c. 471); stemless, very woolly at the crown

and in the axils; radical leaves glabrous, tapering into a broad petiole,

obovate or spathulate, on each side bluntly 3-5 lobed or crenate; pedunc.

scapelike, twice as long as the leaves, one-headed; inv. scales 13-14, con-

crete below, lanceolate, acute, membr.-edged ; achenes densely hairy ;

pappus short, straw-colour.

Has. Betw. Zilverfontein and Kaus, Namaqualand, Drege/ (Herb. Hk.)

Crown of root thick. Leaves many, rosulate, 2 inches long, including the petiole.

Pedune. 3-4 inches long. Inv. campanulate, many-fl.; its scales connate nearly to

their middle. :

18. D. digitata (Less. Syn. 89); herbaceous, glabrous, or below pu-

bescent, with tuberous root; stem short, simple or branched, with

wool-tufts in axils of branches and leaves; branches sparsely leafy,

ending in long, nude, one-headed peduncles ; leaves polymorphous, all

the cauline from broad, stem-clasping bases, the lowest tapering at base

into a petiole, cuneate or oblong, or lanceolate, coarsely 3—5-lobed, or

toothed, or entire ; upper sessile, coarsely toothed or pinnatifid; heads

many-fl.; inv. sc. 8-10, oblong, acute; pappus rufous; achenes closely

silky. DC. 1. c. 471. O. digitata, Iinn., Th.! Cap. 720.

Var. 8. lanceolata; root leaves lanceolate, quite entire or here and there toothed

or lobed. D. campanulata, DC.! l. c. 473. (Hb. Sd.)

- Has. Cape Flats, Blauweberg, Piquetberg, Hott. Holl., kc. E#.& Z.! Drege!

W.H.H, Var. 8. Piquetberg, Zeyher! Table Mt., Ecklon! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Bulb ovate, woolly at the crown. Root leaves 4-6 inches long, most variable,

generally more or less toothed or lobed. The lower parts of stem and petioles are

sometimes closely pubescent. Upper leaves oblong or spathulate, with very broad,

clasping bases, incised or entire. Pedunc. 6-8 inches long. D. campanulata, DU.,

ing to Ecklon’s specimens in Herb. Sd., does not differ from our var. 8., which

IT had brought hither before I knew it was DC.’s plant; it exists in Hb. Thunb. also.

19. D. perfoliata (Th. Cap. 663); herbaceous, glabrous; root tuber-

ous ; stem elongate, branched, often climbing ; radical leaves petioled,

cordate or ovate ; cauline cordate-amplexicaul, with ample basal lobes,

oblong or lanceolate, or taperpointed, acute or acuminated, entire ;

pedunc. terminal or axillary, one-headed ; inv. sc. 10-12, lanceolate,

“acute, connate at base ; achenes closely silky ; pappus pale, not much

longer than the involucre. DC.1.¢. 472. Less. Syn. 89. Cineraria

perfoliata, Lam.

Var. B. angustifolia ifolia; cauline leaves narrow and much acuminate; whole

plant smaller’. D, dideeaioliag BICE-Waee: Gxt. ETE.)

Has. Sandy places on the C; Flats, Langekloof and Olifant’s River, Drege!

Saldanha rnd Worcester and Stellenbosch, E. § Z.! Kamp’s Bay, W. H. H. "B.

, Blauweberg and near Konstapel, Drege’ (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high, supported among shrubs. Cauline leaves 2-24 in. long, }-1 in.

wide; in 8. narrow and smaller. Pedune. 2-8 inches long. This has the habit of

Vthonna amplexifolia, but wants the rays.

20. D. Lingua (Less. Syn. 89); herbaceous, glabrous, often branched,

326 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Doria.

erect or climbing ; root tuberous; radical leaves petioled, ovate or lan-

ceolate, entire; cauline cordate-amplexicaul, oblong or lanceolate, acute

or acuminate ; pedunc. terminal and axillary, one-headed ; achenes

hispidulous; pappus rufous or purplish. DC./. c. 471. Othonna Lingua,

Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr. t. 238.

Var. a. Jacquini; cauline leaves lanceolate-taperpointed. (Hb. Sd.)

Mg . latifolia; cauline leaves oblong or ovate, or ovato-lanceolate. (Herb. D.,

. Sd.

Has. Cape Flats and Western Districts, a. Zeyher! 8. £. 5 Z.! W.H.H., §e.

Like 0. perfoliata, but with reddish pappus and less pubescent achenes. The

cauline leaves are, I fear, too variable to build a character upon ; but our vars. a.

and £. look different in the specimens examined.

21. D. chromocheta (DC. 1. c. 472); “herbaceous, glabrous, erect,

much-branched; stem striate; cauline lvs. cordate-amplexicaul, broadly

ovate, acutely mucronate, 3-nerved, entire; fl. branches forked, pedicels

nude, one-headed; inv. sc. 10-12, concrete at base; ray-achenes glan-

dular, minutely papulose, glabrous. DC. J. c.

Has. Kl, Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. Sd.)

“ Pappus copious, dull yellowish-violet colour.” I have only seen a fragment of

this ; it differs from D. perfoliata chiefly in its coloured pappus and glabrous achenes.

22. D. linearifolia (DC. 1. c. 471); “herbaceous, glabrous, woolly on

the crown and in the axils; root tuberous; stem erect, simple, naked

and one-headed at the apex; leaves linear, quite entire, somewhat

shorter than the stem; marg. corollas tubular, truncate, very short ;

achenes glabrous.” DC. l. c.

Has. Cape, in Hb. L’Her., fide DC. (Said to resemble Othonna linifolia.)

23. D. Laureola (DC. 1.c. 472); herbaceous, glabrous, erect ; stem

striate ; cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, somewhat shining, quite

entire; pedicels from the axils of the upper leaves, longer than the leaf,

one-headed, ina simple corymb ; inv. sc. 10-12, connate at base, oblong ;

marg. achenes striate, glabrous.

ee a ro Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

I d 2 fi, : i = eli ide.

ra 4 oo. y a leaf, and 2 : heads ; leaves tate long, 4-5 lines wide

24. D, ramosa (DC. 1. c. 472); “herbaceous, erect, branched, gla-

brous, glaucescent ; crown woolly ; branches striate; leaves sessile, -

obtusely eared and half-clasping at base, lanceolate, acute, subundulate,

entire ; pedicels 1-3, at the ends of the branches, longer than the leaf ;

iny. about 12-cleft ; marg. achenes pubescent.” DC. 7. c.

Has. Hexriviersberg, Drege. (Unknown to me.) *

* A foot high. Lys. 2 in. long, 61. wide. Pappus whitish.” A specimen from

Zeyher (Hb. Sd.) from the Langevalley, seems very near this, but is ae sree and

has fewer inv. scales. I forbear to describe it as different, and am not sure whether

it be the same, i

25. D. tortuosa (DC. l. c. 472); “ herb., erect, b a

collum and roots tuberous; stem compressed, subangular;

linear-lanceolate, the uppermost obtusely somewhat eared ; pedicels

Othonna. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 327

2~3, at the ends of the branches; inv. ovate at base, 12-fid, the lobes

acute; marg, achenes pubescent, their pappus shorter than the involucre;

pappus of the disc-fl. of few bristles.” DC. J. ¢.

Has. Mierenkasteel, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

**6 inches high. Leaves 12-15 lines long, 2-31. wide. Fl. heads 4-5 1. long and

wide. Pappus rufous.” DC. l. ¢.

26. D. semicalva (DC. 1.c. 473); “herbaceous, erect, weak, glabrous;

branches striate ; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, at each end tapering,

quite entire ; heads axillary, 2-3 on long pedicels; inv. ro—12-fid;

[ray] achenes terete, closely silky-villous ; those of the dise without

pappus.” DC. 1. .

Has. Langevalley and Olifant’s R., Drege. (Unknown to me.)

27. D. Gymnodiscus (DC. 1. c. 473); herb., erect, glabrous; woolly

at the crown; branches terete ; cauline leaves sessile, round-eared and

clasping at base, oblong or obovate, subacute, quite entire ; branches

1-2-headed, heads $ as long as the pedicels; inv. 10-12-fid; marg.

achenes thick, terete, striate, closely silky, their pappus copious, reddish,

twice as long as the involucre ; disc-achenes without pappus, or with

1-2 bristles only,

Has. Near Port Elizabeth, £. & 7.4 (Herb. Sond.)

Very similar to small specimens of D. Lingua, but easily known by the calvous

disc-achenes ; I sometimes find one or two bristles on the outer ones.

(Imperfectly known.)

D. miser (Harv.); glabrous, stem shrubby-carnose, dichotomously

much-branched, twiggy; leaves tufted at the ends of the twigs (mature-

leaves not seen), obovate? tapering at base, lobulate? fleshy; pedicels

terminal, very short, solitary; inv. sc. about 5, narrow-oblong, acute,

connate to the middle; achenes closely-silky.

; Han. Rhinosterkop, Beaufort, Burike $ Zeyt Ley! 988. aw. Hk., Sd.)

_ small, intricately- ched, ’ 3 twigs i | prong ending i

a tuft of leaves. Foie of leaves eaetita. Pedicels 4 in Inv. 4-5 lines long,

cylindrical, few-flowered. Seems to be near D, Arbuscula, but the achenes are silky.

D. undulosa (DC. 1. c. 472); “herbaceous, glabrous; root?; stem

terete; flexuous ; leaves cordate, amplexicaul, acuminate, sinuate, undu-

late, the uppermost suborbicular, dentato-sinuate ; pedicels nude,

one-headed ; marg. cor. truncate, very short; achenes multistriate,

subpuberulous.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Hexriviersberg, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

Heads radiate ; ray-flowers ligulate, female ; disc-/l. male, tubular,

5-toothed. Recept. convex or subconical, honey-combed, sometimes

pilose. nv. sc. uniseriate, never calycled, more or less concrete before

opening, and strictly valvate. Style of male-flowers simple, tipped with

a hispid cone. Anthers rounded at base. Achenes of the ray-tl. oval,

hairy or glabrous, with very copious, bristle-shaped pappus in many

328 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Othonna.

rows; of the disc-fl. abortive, slender, glabrescent, with uniseriate

pappus. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 473.

Small shrubs or herbaceous plants, chiefly S. African, mostly glabrous, often -

glaucous. Roots in the herbaceous species often tuberous. Leaves entire or variously

cut, lobed or toothed; membranous, coriaceous, or fleshy. Heads either solitary or

corymbose. Name used by Pliny for some similar plant.

§ 1. Fruricosx. Rigid, ligneous or subligneous, branched and twiggy shrubs

or suffrutices : fl. branches mostly terminal and one-headed ; heads rarely subco-

rymbose. Rays yellow. (Sp. 1-11.)

Leaves pinnate-lobed ; the lobes narrow linear-acute :

Heads loosely corymbose, on long pedicels; iny.sc.5 (1) Pavonia.

Heads on simple, long peduncles; inv. sc.8 ... ... (2) leptodactyla.

Leaves lanceolate, or linear-oblong or linear, acute or obtuse,

entire or irregularly toothed, sessile :

Achenes of ray-fl. silky or pubescent:

Leaves lanceolate, often toothed, tapering at base,

thick, nearly nerveless ; inv. sc. 7-8 ... ,-. (3) coronopifolia.

Lys. oblong or lance-oblong, rigid, one-nerved ;

WB oes ied va sn oe ee ey ee

Leaves linear, coriaceous, sub-obtuse, nerveless ;

iny. sc, § : (9) pallens.

Achenes of ray-fl. glabrous :

Spiniferous; lvs. lmear, narrowed at base, nerve-

less, plancods= 22 35 Sa a ee

Unarmed ; lvs. lanceolate, 3-nerved, entire or ‘

unidentate: ee ee ee 10). Cera.

Lvs. minutely petiolate, elliptic-oblong, obtuse ; twigs spiny (8) pteronioides.

Lys. obovate, or obovate-oblong, sessile or subpetioled :

Lys. obovate-oblong, cusp.-mucronate, 1-nerved, often

tO0tHOG Be Dimes ae ee sae tee

Lys. obovate, tapering into a petiole, glaucous, entire

(7) spinescens.

(5) mucronata,

or 3-toothed fercve wve “sets. wy (TO) Osteospermoides.

Lys. obovate, sessile, entire, 3-5-nerved, rigidly cori-

aceous ee a ee eee aaa (11) coriifolia.

§ 2. Surrruricos®. Trailing or decumbent or diffuse suffrutices, lignescent at

base, the subsimple branches ascending, ending in long, one or few-headed pedun-

cles, (Sp. 12-14.)

Leaves obovate, bluntly pinnatifid or subentire, copiously

re oie ile cng! vow cov cave , cee es (12) ciliata,

Lys. obovate, quite entire, or sparsely ciliolate (13) frutescens.

Lys. linear or lance-linear, thick, entire or toothed ... (14) multicaulis.

§ 3. PantcunaTz. Erect suffrutices or herbs. Stems virgate, simple and leafy

below, above more or less nude, ending in a panicled or much-branched, corymbose

inflorescence. (Sp. 15-21.)

Achenes of ray-fi. silky or villous :

Lvs. coriaceous, thick, veinless, either cuneate-obovate, —

lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or linear-elongate, en-

tire or sharply few-toothed ... ... 1... .. . (15) parviflora.

Lys. obviously midribbed and penni-nerved, oblong or obovate, broad :

Infi. loosely panicled or subumbellate ; bracts small and narrow:

Leaves cuneate-oblong, half-clasping, obso- ee

letely 5-toothed near the apex... ... (16) quinquedentata.

Lys. oblongo-lanceolate, clasping, several-

o* - oe.

toothed beyond the middle... ...... (17) pluridentata.

Lys. obovate, obtuse, sharply many-toothed, or

subpetiolate ... ... ... 2. ss. ve (20) umbelliformis.

Othonna.] COMPOSITE (Hary.) 329

Infl. densely corymbose ; bracts broad; leaves

broadly obovate, cordate and ear-clasping at

base, entire or denticulate ... tes vee ees (19) amplexicaulis.

Achenes of ray-fl. glabrous :

Lys. elliptical or obovate, subpetiolate; bracts broad (18) membranifolia,

Lys. linear-terete, acute, quite entire —... :+. (21) Viminea,

§ 4. Carnos#. More or less fleshy or succulent mie half-shrubs, or subher-

baceous plants. Stems irregularly branched, the older parts commonly nude and

cicatricised. Leaves often crowded at the ends of the branches. Pedune. subtermi-

nal, one or several-headed. (Sp. 22-35.)

Leaves linear or oblong, fleshy, semiterete or terete, nerveless and veinless:

Stems shrubby and fleshy ; lvs. crowded at end of branches; ped. corymbose :

Lys. linear-elongate, 2-3 inches long, 1 line wide (22) cy

Lvs. cylindrical, 1-2 inches long, 114-2 I. diam. (23) carnosa,

Stems slender; lvs. whorled at intervals, 1 in. te

3lines diameter... (24) crassifolia.

Stems slender; leaves opposite o or > alternate, ovoid or

shortly cylindr.; pedune. mostly t-headed ... ... (25) sedifolia.

Leaves laterally lobed or pinnatifid :

Leaves fleshy, obtuse, on each side 1-2-lobed .... ... (26) obtusiloba.

Lys. subpetioled, pinnatifd, lobes on each side a4

mucronate os a (27) quercifolia.

ase obovate or oblong, entire ¢ or toothed :

Pedunc. corymbose, several-headed : rays yellow :

Leaves tapering into a slender petiole, entire, 3-

nerved from the middle ... . (28) triplinervia.

Lys. sessile, toothed or subentire, faintly nerved,

thickish = ... =<. (29) dentata,

Leaves oblong, narrowed at base, fleshy, 1 I “inch

long, 2-3 lines wide ; pappusrufous ... (30) Macrosperma.

Pedunec. mostly forked, 2 ‘headed ; rays purplish

leaves glaucous... . (31) purpurascens.

Pedune. simple, 1 t-headed, ¢ or x rarely forked ; rays yellow:

Shrubby-carnose, much branched, 2-3 feet high;

pedune. long ... ... -. (32) arborescens.

Shrubby-carnose, branching ; leaves coriaceous, ;

_ with recurved margins .. (34) cacalioides.

Dwarf ; leaves somewhat 3-nerved, denticulate ; :

pedune. very short... .. .. (33) primulina.

Very dwarf, unbranched ? woolly at crown; lvs.

petioled, cuneate at base, obovate, sharply

toothed along the rounded apex ... ... ... (35) minima,

§ 5. Scaricerz, Rootstock or caudex short, simple or multifid, woolly at the

crown. Leaves from the crown, numerous, rosulate. Peduncles seapelike, simple

and one-headed, or sub-corymbose, several-headed. (Sp. 36-41.)

Pedunce. several-headed ; lvs. niger Mean prone

at base, coriaceous, entire : ‘

Pedune. one-headed ; leaves linear-lanceolate, coriaceous,

quite entire (39) seapigera.

Pedune. seyeral-headed ; Ive. spathulate, n netted-veined, ciliate:

Inv. se. and rays about pale vee s be . (37) retrorsa,

Inv. se. and rays about . (38) Zeyheri.

or the lower petioled, cuneate-obovate ; fl. red or pare (40) auriculefolia.

the lobes in everal pairs,lobulate and toothed; fl. yellow? 2 (41) sonchifolia.

§ 6. CAULESCENTES. Root mostly (or always?) tuberous. Crown of the root

mostly woolly. Radical leaves (when present) few, petioled. Stem simple or

(36) Natalensis.

330 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Othonna.

branched, alternately leafy ; cauline leaves sessile or petioled. Pedunc. axillary and

terminal, simple or branched. (Sp. 42-58.)

* Ray and disc. fi. red or purple: :

Leaves pinnati-partite, the lobes few, linear, obtuse, ; :

ME Ge eae ae SL. ae ae 4s) onkiiotalia.

Lys. oblongo-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, teeth deltoid (43) incisa.

Lys. very glaucous, elliptic-oblong, entire ... ... (44) rosea.

** Ray and disc. fl. yellow : Pe

Rad. lvs. linear-attenuate or linear-lanceolate, entire (48) linifolia.

Rad. lvs. (if any) roundish, ovate or ovato-lanceolate,

entire or crenato-lobulate :

Stem elongate, laxly leafy, branching, erect or climbing :

Stem rigid ; invol. sc. 12-13; achenes rufo-

pubescent; pappusrufous ... ... ...

Stem weak ; inv. sc. 9-10; achenes minutely

hispid ; pappus whitish :

Cauline leaves broadly cordate-ovate,

(45) rufibarbis.

acute or obtuse wes see eee eee (46) amplexifolia.

Cauline lvs. cordate at base, lanceolate,

acuminate ... (47) filicaulis.

Stem short, flexuous, closely leafy, subsimple :

Rad. lvs. ovate or ovato-lanceolate, acute,

entire, glabrous ; cauline lvs. spathulate

or obovate ; pedune.t-headed ..._...

Rad. lvs. broadly ovate or obovate, obtuse,

repand or crenate, veiny beneath, often :

pilose; cauline obovate, crenate ; pedunc.

one-headed =... ss. sess wee ss - (50) heterophylla.

Rad. lvs.? cauline very large, stem-clasping, 8

ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, subden-

tate; pedunc. branched, 8-10-headed ... (51) macrophylla.

‘Rad. lvs. oblong, sinuate or crenate or erose, Se aaa

ob _ callous-toothed ; cauline tapering at base,

bpetioled, obovate ; pedune. branched,

few-headed; inv.s¢.8 ... 0... 2...

Rad. and lower cauline lvs. broadly cuneate, coarsely

toothed at the apex; pedunc. branched, few-headed;

(49) tuberosa.

(52) petiolaris, —

otitanil Pt oe ee (53) cuneata.

Rad. lvs. pinnatifid, pinnati-partite or lyrate :

Rad. and lower lvs. sinuato-pinnatifid, netted-

veined BELO Oe aes Weer SP eae. ed

Rad. lvs. pinnatifid, lateral lobes 4-5, term. lobe .

roundish, sinuate ... (55) rotundifolia,

Rad. and lower lvs. Jyrate, stem clasping; lat.

lobes 2-3, roundish, terminal very large,

roundish-cordate, toothed or lobed ..._ .... (56) lyrata.

Rad. lvs. pinnate-parted ; segments in several pair, rigid, roundish, oblong

or lance-oblong, entire : 7

Branches pedunculoid, one-headed; inv. se. me

i174 Rep Oe edie ta cess et o8. Oe ae

Branches 2-4-headed; inv. sc. about 8 ... GP tephrosioides.

§ 1. Fruticosm. (Sp. 1-11.)

1. 0. Pavonia (E. Mey.!); shrubby, erect, branching, glabrous; stem

terete; leaves sessile, pinnatipartite, the lobes linear, thick, acute, entire

or forked ; corymbs peduncled, terminal and lateral, loosely few-headed,

pedicels long; inv. scales 5, oblong, concrete at base; rays 5; achenes

dense yhairy. DC.1.c. 473. Zey.! Fl. Cap. No. 501, 145.

Othonna. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 331

Has. Klipplaat River, Drege! Graaf Reynet, Zey.! Brack R., Cradock, Burke

and Zey.! 990. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 feet high, with purplish stems and pale pedunc. and foliage. Leaves 1-14 inch

long, their lobes 6-8 lines long, 1—} line diameter. Pedunc. straw-colour, 2-3 times

forked ; pedicels 14-24 inches long,

2. 0. leptodactyla (Harv.); shrubby, erect, glabrous; branches

angular, striate, virgate ; lateral twigs laxly leafy, ending in short or

longish one-headed peduncles ; leaves dimorphous, some linear-elongate,

acuminate, quite entire, others at base on each side closely pinnated

with 3-4 linear-subulate lobes, with a very long, linear-subulate, medial

lobe ; inv. lobes and rays about 8 ; achenes not seen. Oth. frutescens ?

Drege! in Herb,

Has. Betw. Kromrivier, by Piquetberg and Bergvalei, Drege! (Herb. Hk.)

This has something the habit of O. ramulosa, but longer and more distantly leafy

lateral twigs, and very dissimilar foliage. Most of the leaves are pinnate-lobed at

base ; a few here and there quite entire, 1-13 inch long, } line wide. The pinnate

portion is 3-4 lines long; each lobe 3-9 lines, and very patent; the terminal lobe

1-1} inch long. Heads as in O. ramulosa.

3. 0. coronopifolia (Linn. Sp. 1310); stem shrubby, erect, glabrous,

flexuous or forked; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or

irregularly few-toothed, tapering at base, acuminate, coriaceous, thick,

nearly nerveless; pedunc. ending the branches, nude, one-headed, or

branched and few-headed, the heads on very long pedicels; inv. se.

7~8, connate at base, oblong; achenes silky-villous. Zh./ Cap. 719.

DC. 11. ¢. 475. O. Bergert, Spr.

Has. Cape, Thunbd.! Boivin, 615. Near Capetown, £.GZ.! Salt River, W.H.H.

Piquetberg, Olifants R., and Kl, Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

“4-2 ft. high, bushy. Leaves 14-23 in. long, 3-5 1. wide, some entire, some with

small, some with on teeth. Pedunc. 3-6 inches long, mostly simple.

Rays many-striate. are 4 folia in Herb, Thunb.; of these, No. 1 belongs to

O. arborescens; No. 2, 3, 4, to O. coronopifolia. ,

4. 0. ramulosa (DC.! 1. c. 477); shrubby, erect, glabrous, the axils

woolly; branches subangular, virgate ; lateral twigs leafy at base, end-

ing in short or longish, nude, one-headed peduncles ; leaves sessile,

oblong or lance-oblong, one-nerved, subpungent mucronate, thick, rigid,

quite entire or 1-2-toothed; inv. lobes and rays about 8; achenes

puberulous.

Has. Kendo and Konstapel, Drege! Driefontein, Z. & Z./ Pinaars Kloof,

Burke § Zeyher! Zey.! 991. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 feet high, with very rigid stems and foliage ; branches 1-2 ft. long, alternately

leafy, with axillary, short, flowering twigs. Leaves }-j-1 in. long, 2-3 lines wide,

either broad at base, ‘or the lower ones tapering, and almost lanceolate. Pedunc.

4-14 in. long. I have not seen ripe achenes.

5. 0. mucronata (Harv.); shrubby, erect, glabrous, the axils woolly ;

branches subangular, virgate; lateral twigs leafy at base, ending in

nude, simple or forked, 1-2-headed peduncles ; leaves sessile, obovate-

oblong, cuspidato-mucronate, narrowed and often sharply unidentate

at each side at base, one-nerved, rigid, entire; inv. lobes and rays about

8 ; achenes pubescent.

332 coMPOSITz (Harv.) [ Othonna.

Has. Langvalley, Zey./ 998. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Very near 0. ramulosa, but with much broader, and differently shaped leaves.

Leaves 1 in. long, 5-61. wide, probably glaucous, Pedune. 3-5 inches long.

6. 0.2 trinervia (DC. 1. c. 477); “shrubby, glabrous; branches

striate with lines decurrent from the leaves; leaves lanceolate, cuneate

at base, 3-nerved, mucronate, entire or sharply unidentate at each side ;

pedicels subracemose at the apices of the branches, thrice as long as

the leaves; inv. 7-8-lobed; [ray-fl. wnknown]; achenes glabrous.”

DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Carroo, Drege. (Unknown to me).

DC. is uncertain whether this may not prove to be a Doria.

7. 0. spinescens (DC. 1. c. 476); shrubby, glabrous; branches terete,

whitish, divergent, mostly spine-tipped ; leaves sessile, linear, or linear-

cuneate, tapering at base, mucronate, glaucous, nerveless, thick, entire,

{or here and there subdentate] ; fl. twigs attenuated upwards, subnude,

one-headed ; inv. lobes and rays about 8; ray achenes glabrous. DC.

l..c., excl., var. 8.

Has. Betw. Droogeheuvel and Jackal’sfont., Drege. (Herb. Hk.)

Specimens from Drege (Herb. Sond.) marked “ O. spinescens a. and B.” from

Sneeuwberg, Compasberg and Rhinosterberg, belong to Doria rigida ; except one,

which I venture to describe as O. pteronioides. In Herb. Hk. is a specimen of the

true O. spinescens, but the fl. heads have been eaten by insects; and also one of

“var 8.,” which is merely Doria rigida. ,

8. 0. pteronioides (Harv.); shrubby, glabrous, divaricately branched,

the twigs ending in rigid spines ; branches terete; leaves minutely

petiolate, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, entire or obscurely unidentate,

thick, nerveless ; fl. twigs one-headed ; inv. lobes 6-8? ray achenes ?

Has. Cape, Drege/ (Herb. Sond.) .

: _ Mixed with specimens of Doria rigida. One ligulate fl. remains to show that this

is an Othonna. In foliage it differs so remarkably from O. spinescens, DC., that

I venture to keep it distinct. The achenes in the only specimen seen have been

destroyed by insects.

9. 0. pallens (DC.! 1. c. 476); shrubby, erect, glabrous, much-

branched and twiggy; branches terete, pale; leaves sessile, with a

decurrent line from each side of the base, linear, coriaceous, glaucous,

smooth, subobtuse, nerveless, quite entire; axils woolly ; heads ending

the twigs, solitary, very shortly pedicelled; inv. oblong, 5-lobed, lobes

acute, membrane-edged ; rays 5, very short, scarcely exserted ; achenes

silky-villous, :

Has. Sneeuwherg, ! Dr. Wallich! - / Queenstown

Flats, Mrs. F. W. Detar edie (Herb. D., We Say nana,

1-2 feet high, rigid, all parts very pale. Leaves $-1 in. long, 2 1. wide, slightly

concave. Pedicels ¢-4 in. long; inv. 4-5 1. long. Rays inconspicuous. Inter-

mediate in character between Doria and 5 Retr . -

10. 0. osteospermoides (DC.! 1. c. 474); shrubby, erect, glabrous ;

branches terete, flexuous, cicatrised, the twigs leafy ; leaves obovate

or oblong-obovate, tapering at base into a petiole, either entire or coarsely

3toothed at the apex, glaucous, coriaceous, glossy ; the teeth callous-

Othonna.] CoMPosIT& (Harv.) 333

mucronate ; pedicels from the uppermost axils, scarcely longer than the

leaves, simple and one-headed, or forked at base, together imperfectly

corymbose ; inv. Se. 8, concrete below, acuminate, 3-nerved, scarious-

edged ; rays thrice as long as the inv., 5-8-nerved ; achenes thinly

pubescent,

Has. Zwaanepoelspoortberg, 3-4000 ft., Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

A strong, flexuous, branching shrub, with brown bark. Leaves 2-24 in. long,

1 in. wide, often quite entire. i

11. 0.? coriifolia (Sond.);~shrubby, erect, glabrous; branches flexu-

ous, angular, closely leafy; leaves sessile, subdecurrent, obovate, entire,

rigidly-coriaceous, 3—5-nerved, pale; pedicels from the uppermost axils,

bibracteate (undeveloped); inv. se. 5-6, oblong, valvate, barbellate at

tips ; flowers not seen.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke § Zeyher. Zey.944. (Herb. Hk, Sd.)

Very rigid in all parts, with pale stems and foliage. Leaves 1-1} in. long, 4-}

Pe — wavy. Infl. undeveloped, and genus therefore uncertain: it may be a

Oru §

§ 2. Surrruticos#. (Sp. 12-14.)

12, 0. ciliata (Linn. f. Suppl. 388); suffruticose, glabrous, decumbent,

spreading widely, the fl. branches ascending, ending in long, nude, one-

headed peduncles ; leaves tapering much at base, oblong, obovate or

spathulate, either undivided or (more frequently) inciso-pinnatifid, with

short, broad lobes, all ciliate-toothed, the cilia slender, elongate ; inv.

sc. about 8, oblong, acute, barbellate at top, concrete at base ; rays 8,

long, broad, 4—5-nerved ; ray achenes closely silky. Th.! Cap. 721.

DC tt Rhy

-Has. Hills and Mt. sides near Capetown, frequent. Stellenbosch, £. d Z.! (Hb.

Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems many from the crown, trailing. several feet long. Leaves 14-2 in. long,

pe! Ene wide, mostly pinnatifid; the marginal cilia copious, 1-2 lines long. Pedune.

in. long.

13. 0. frutescens(Linn. Mant. 288); suffruticose, decumbent; branches

subsimple, leafy; lower leaves obovate, mucronate, tapering much at

base into a cuneate petiole, margined, quite entire or here and there

ciliolate, midribbed; upper leaves sessile, oblong or linear, entire or

toothed, small, passing upwards into scales; pedunc. terminal, 2-3-

headed, pedicels very long ; inv. sc. about 8, concrete at base, broadly

oval, acute, barbellate; achenes glabrous. Thunb.! Herb. DC.? Ll. c. 478.

Has. Cape, Thunbderg! (Herb. Thunb.)

Neither Eeklon’s nor Drege’s specimens (Hb. Sond.) quoted for this species by DC.

bear any resemblance to Thunberg’s plant, here described, which seems to me to have

more of the habit of O. ciliata than of the fleshy species. Z. § Z.’s O. frutescens is

Doria Kraussii ; Drege’s (in Hb. Hk.) is our O. leptodactyla.

14, 0. multicaulis (Harv.); rootstock woody ; stems many from the

crown, suffruticose, diffuse-ascending, laxly leafy, prolonged into simple

or subsimple peduncles ; leaves sessile, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute,

entire or sharply few-toothed, coriaceous, thick, veinless and nerveless ;

‘pedune. terminal, one-headed (sometimes emitting a lateral long pedicel

334 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Othonna.

from the axil of the uppermost leaf); inv. sc. about 8, oblong, acute ;

achenes silky.

Has. Zwarteberg, Zeyher! 3048. (Herb. Sond.)

Notwithstanding its apparently distinct characters, I propose this species with

much hesitation ; the foliage closely resembling that of the narrow-leaved forms of O.

parviflora, from which the habit and inflorescence separate it. Stems, including the

peduncle, about 6 inches long. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 1-3 lines wide. Heads as in

O. parviflora.

§ 3. Panicunata#. (Sp. 15-21.)

15. 0. parviflora (Linn. Mant. 89); suffruticose, erect or ascending,

glabrous (or the axils woolly), subsimple ; stem leafy below, peduncu-

loid and loosely panicled above ; leaves very variable in shape, tapering

much to the base, subdecurrent, sessile or subpetioled, coriaceous, thick,

veinless or nearly so, cuneate-obovate, cuneate-lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate, either entire or coarsely few-toothed toward the apex ;

pedicels long ; inv. sc. 7-8, oblong, acute ; achenes silky-villous. Zh. /

Cap. 720. DC. 1. ¢. 476. Senecio rigens, Linn.

Var. a. dentata; leaves cuneate-obovate, coarsely 3-5-toothed. O. quinquedentata,

DC.! l. c. 474, excl. syn. O. Eckloniana, DC. l. c. 476, ex pte. Zey.! 3049.

Var. 8. bupleuroides; lvs. oblong-cuneate or ellipt. lanceolate, entire. O. bupleu-

roides, DC. l.c. 475.

Var. y. longifolia; Ivs, linear-lanceolate or linear-elongate, entire or 2-3-toothed.

O. longifolia, DC. 1. c. 476; and O. leptophylla, DC. l. c. 477. ;

Var. 5. depauperata; dwarf, 6-8 in. high, leafy at base; leaves linear-lanceolate,

tapering at base, acute, entire or unidentate. 0. Eckloniana, ex pte. in Hb. Ecklon.

O. nudata?? DC. 1. ¢. 473. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Has. Common about Capetown and on the Cape Flats. Stellenbosch, Draken-

stein, &c. EB. § Z.! Drege! Uitenhage, Zey.! 3047. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

_ 2-24 f. high. Leaves 13-24 in. long, 4—3 in. wide ; in var. y. 3-4 in. long, 4-5

lines wide, always opaque, thick, and drying dark. All the above forms grow

together, and pass gradually one into the other.

_16. 0. quinquedentata (Th.! Cap. 720); suffruticose, erect, glabrous,

virgate, subsimple ; stem closely leafy below, pedunculoid and loosely

panicled at the summit; leaves cuneate-oblong, sessile, half-clasping,

and subdecurrent, coarsely or obsoletely 5-toothed near the apex, sub-

coriaceous, obviously midribbed and penninerved, callous-margined ;

pedicels elongate, subumbellate ; inv. sc. 7-8, oblong, acute ; achenes

suilky-villous. O. subumbellata, DC.! l.c. 474.

Has. C: Thunberg! Sieber! R., Drege! erb. Th., Hk., Sd.

Stem panes high, robust, but org er ns a 5-6 in. long, ee in. wide,

of thinnish but tough substance, bluntish, mucronulate ; the shallow teeth callous-

tipped. The lesser divisions of the panicles are imperfectly umbellate. A leaf and

partial infl. of O. subwnbellata, DC. (in Hb. Sd.) are undistinguishable from Thun-

berg’s plant: “ O. quinquedentata,” DC. is our O. parviflora, var. dentata.

_1%. 0. pluridentata (DC.! 1. c. 474) ; suffruticose, erect, glabrous,

virgate, subsimple ; stem closely leafy below, pedunculoid and loosely

panicled above; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, acute, the upper ones clasping

and adnate, the lower more and more strongly decurrent, coarsely few

or several toothed beyond the middle, membranous, midribbed and

penninerved, veiny, callous-edged ; pedicels long ; inv. se. 7-8, oblong,

acute ; achenes silky-villous. Also 0, grandidentata, DC. l. c.

Othonna. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 335

Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very near O. quinguedentata, but with thinner, less cuneate, more taper-pointed

leaves, strongly decurrent at base, with usually more teeth. Drege's specimens of

0. grandidentata and pluridentata are from the same locality, and by me undistin-

guishable ; the number of teeth is a most uncertain character.

18. 0. membranifolia (DC. ! 1. c. 476); suffruticose, erect, glabrous;

stem simple, terete, leafy, ending in a corymbose, leafy panicle; leaves

subpetiolate, broadly elliptical or obovate, subacute or obtuse, mem-

branous, midribbed and penninerved, entire or remotely toothed above

the middle ; floral leaves (on the panicle) ovate or roundish, cucullate,

concave ; corymb laxly branched, its subdivisions few-headed, pedicels

long ; inv. sc. 8, oval, acute, connate below ; ray achenes glabrous.

Has. Zwartkops R., Uit., #. ¢ Z.! Zey. 3043. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

In habit and foliage very like O. amplexicaulis ; but the leaves are not amplexi-

caul, their toothing (when present) is different, their substance thinner ; the corymb

is much less compound, more leafy, with fewer and larger heads, and the achenes

are glabrous.

19, 0. amplexicaulis (Th.! Cap. 718); suffruticose, erect, glabrous,

subsimple ; stem leafy, terete, ending in a much-branched, corymbose

panicle ; leaves eared and clasping at base, sessile or adnate-subdecur-

rent, broadly obovate or obovate-oblong, or oblong, mucronate, coria-

ceous, penninerved, entire or denticulate; corymb level-topped, very

many-headed, pedicels long, slender; inv. sc. 8, oblong; achenes silky-

villous.

Var. a. integrifolia; leaves entire or subentire. O. amplexicaulis, and O. sene-

cionea, DC. I. c. 475.

Var. 8. denticulata; leaves denticulate. O. denticuluta, Ait. Kew. 3, p. 276.

Bot. Mag. t. 1979. DC.! l.c. 475. Also O. rigida, DC.! I. c. 476.

Var. y.? Dregeana; leaves subdecurrent, entire. O. Dregeana, DC. l. c. 475.

Has. Fields near the Berg R., at the Paarl; also in Worcester, Clanwilliam,

&c., H. G Z.! Drege! W. H. H. B. on the Paarl Mt., W. H. H. Onder Bokkeveld,

Drege! Simonstown, C. Wright, ood a. near Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! 8. Zwartkops

R., Zey.! 3044. (Herb. Th., D., +9 Bd.)

Stem robust, 3-4 ft. high or more, leafy to the corymb. Lower leaves 6-8 inches

long, 2-4 in. wide; upper gradually smaller. Except in the entire or denticulate

leaves this species varies little. I have not seen DC.’s O, Dregeana, which I refer

here, by description, and because it is stated to grow along with 0. amplexicaulis,

DC., by the river side, at the Paarl.

20. 0. umbelliformis (DC. ! 1. c. 474); herbaceous (1), erect, gla-

brous ; stem simple or divided at base, leafy below, pedunculoid and

umbellato-corymbose above; leaves obovate, obtuse, cuneate and taper-

ing much at base, either sharply many-toothed or subentire, thinly

coriaceous, midribbed and penninerved, the lowermost imperfectly

petioled, the uppermost ear-clasping ; pedicels long, subequal ; inv. sc.

7-8; achenes villous.

Has. Berg River, Drege! Cape, FE. § Z./ (Herb. Sd.)

Leafy portion of stem 3-4 inches long; pedunc. 6-8 inches, 5-6-headed. Leaves

13-2 in. long, 4-1 in. wide. Drege’s specimens are immature ; but Ecklon’s have

ripe achenes. The root seems to be either thick or tuberous, judging from the

stem-base of Eeklon’s specimens.

336 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Othonna.

21. 0. viminea (E. Mey.); shrubby, erect, glabrous; branches virgate ;

leaves sessile, remote, linear-terete, acute, quite entire, erect; “ panicle

laxly branched, few-headed; inv. sc. 5-6, concrete at base; rays few,

shorter than the involucre, and scarcely longer than their own styles;

achenes glabrous.” DC. /. ¢.

Has. Uitvlugt, Drege? (Herb. Sond.)

An imperfect specimen, without flowers, only seen by me. Leaves 1-14 in. long,

not 4 line diam. Fl. heads very small.

§ 4. Carnosm. (Sp. 22-35.)

22. 0. cylindrica (DC.! 1. c. 477, excl. syn. Th.); shrubby-carnose,

glabrous; branches terete; leaves scattered, linear-elongate, semiterete,

fleshy, glaucous, acute, tapering at base, spreading; pedune. terminal,

bearing a few- or several-headed, branching corymb, pedicels slender,

long; iny. scales 8-9, narrow-oblong, membr. edged, separate nearly to

the base ; rays as long as invol., theirachenes glabrous. Cacalia cylin-

drica, Lam, DC. Pl. grass. t. 48. O. tenuissima, Haw, Succ. p. 315+

aoe Ohba R., Drege! Clanwilliam, Eck. Heerelogement, Zey.! 948. (Herb.

‘A loosely teak, forking shrub, with the habit of Senecio longifolius; older

branches bare and cicatricised. Leaves 14-3 in. long or more, 1 line wide. Pedunc.

4-6 in. long. A specimen in Hb. Sd. from Drege, marked ‘‘O. cylindrica, b.” belongs

to Senecio longifolius. Zeyher’s 948 is almost intermediate with O. carnosa. Zeyher’s

947 (Hb. Sd.), in bad condition, seems to belong to this species.

23. 0. carnosa (Less. Syn. 88); shrubby-carnose, glabrous; branches

terete; leaves linear-terete, fleshy, acute or subacute, tapering at base ;

pedune. terminal, elongate, ending inafew-headed, subcorymbose panicle,

pedicels very long; inv. sc. 6-8, oblong, membr-edged; rays revolute;

achenes glabrous. DC.0. ¢. 478. Cineraria cacalioides, Linn. f. Th!

Cap. 670.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Eastern Distr., Burchell. Uitenhage and Albany, £.¢Z.!

Zey. 3036, 3039. (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Similar to O. cylindrica, but with thicker, more fusiform, and usually shorter leaves,

longer pedunc., and fewer fl. heads. The ray-fl. said by DC. to be very short and

narrow, must on his specimens have been immature: I find them nearly as in O

cylindrica, but commonly revolute. Leaves 14-2 in. long, 14-2 1. diam.

24. 0. crassifolia (Harv., non L., nec. E.M.); glabrous; stem slender,

weak, suffruticose at base, irregularly branched ; leaves fleshy, subterete ?

linear-oblong, mostly acute or mucronate, sometimes obtuse, either seat-

tered or crowded at intervals in imperfect whorls, with bare spaces between ;

pedune. terminal, subcorymbose, few-headed, pedicels very long and

slender ; inv. sc, about 8, oblong, margined; achenes glabrous. 0.

Jilicaulis, Eckl. Fl. Cap. 295, non Jacq.

Has. Uitenhage, Z. § Z.! Bethelsdorp, Zey.! 3040. (Herb. Sond.)

Remarkable for its leaves being collected at intervals into whorls ; they are PTO

bably terete, 1-1} in. long, 3 lines diam., with immersed nerves and veins. All the

eee seem to be acute or mucronate. Pedunc. 3-6 in, long, very slender, 4-5

d, pedicels 2-3 in. long.

25. 0. sedifolia (DC.!1.c. 479); suffruticose, erect, forking, glabrous;

“—

Othonna.| COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 337

leaves either opposite or alternate, ovoid, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical,

fleshy, quite entire, obtuse or subacute, nerveless, minutely petioled ;

pedicels terminal, one-headed (or forked and 2-headed), much longer

than the leaves ; inv. sc. 8~9, oblong, membr. edged, connate at base :

rays 10-12, longer than the inv.; achenes glabrous.

Has, Namaqual., Drege! A. Wyley! Gamka R., Burke § Zey.! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A minute shrublet. 3-6 inches high, repeatedly forked. Leaves 3-7 lines long,

2-3 in. diam. Pedunce. 3-4 in. long. In Burke and Zeyher’s specimens the leaves

are rather longer and more acute than usual. :

26. 0. obtusiloba (Harv.); half-shrubby, carnose; the branches nude

below, with woolly cicatrices, twigs leafy ; leaves linear, fleshy, obtuse,

on each side t-2-lobed, the lobes oblong or linear, very blunt, margins

strongly reflexed, veins not visible; pedunc. terminal, forked or sub-

corymbose, 3—5-headed ; iny. scales 5, oblong, concrete at base ; rays

5, multistriate ; achenes?

Has. Knakerberg, Zeyher! 997. (Herb. Sond., D.)

The specimens are incomplete, but seem to indicate a small, succulent half-shrub

or perhaps shrub. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 14-3 lines wide, mostly with a pair of

opposite lobes in the middle, occasionally with a smaller pair of lobes or teeth. The

lobes 3-9 in. long.

27. 0. quercifolia (DC.! 1. c. 478); glabrous, erect ; stem suffruticose-

carnose, leaves tapering at base into a cuneate petiole, obtuse, pinnatifid,

the lobes on each side 3-4, oblong, mucronate ; pedune. terminal, bearing

a compound, many-headed corymb ; pedicels long, slender ; iny. lobes

5-6, oblong; achenes glabrous.

Has. Olifant R. and Brackfontein, Z.¢ Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 2-4 inches long, }-1 in. wide; the lobes 4-8 lines long. Pedunce. 3-6 in,

long; pedicels about uncial. Rays many-lined, yellow.

28. 0. triplinervia ett l.c. 478); glabrous; stem shrubby-carnose,

short, subsimple or forked, the lower part nude, cicatricised ; cicatrices

glabrous ; leaves crowded toward the apices, obovate, obtuse, tapering

at base into a slender petiole, drying thin, from the middle 3-nerved,

netted-veined, quite entire or repand ; pedunc. terminal, loosely corym-

bose, few or several headed, pedicels very long; inv. scales and rays

about 5; achenes villous. ‘

Has. Konab and Kat R., £. ¢ Z.! Howison’s Poort, Zeyher! 3037, 3038, H.

Hutton! (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem thick and fleshy. Leaves, with their petiole, 24-3 inches long, 1 inch wide,

slightly fleshy when recent, almost membranous, and pellucid if carefully dried.

Pedunc. somewhat longer than the leaves ; pedicels 3-4 in. long. Rays bright-

yellow, conspicuous,

29. O. dentata (Linn. sp. pl. vol. 1, p. 926); glabrous; stem shrubby-

carnose ; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, subrosulate,

obovate, cuneate at base, sessile (not in the least clasping), either sharply

and coarsely toothed, or denticulate or subentire, midribbed, faintly

nerved.; pedune, terminal, elongate, nude, loosely corymbose or pani-

cled at the apex, several headed ; pedicels long, rising from minute,

subulate bracts ; inv. scales about 8, acute, membr. edged, connate ;

achenes villous. DC. l.c. 478. Burm. Afr. t. 59.

VOL. III. 22

338 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Othonna.

Has. West side of Table Mt., Drege! Near Simonstown, Mr. C. Wright, 295,

296, 297. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem or branches fleshy, 3-4 lines diam., leafy at the extremities only; cicatrices

nude. Leaves 13-2 in. long, 3-1} in. wide; very variable in dentition. Pedune.

4-10 in. long, 3—-12-headed ; pedicels 13-3 in. long. Pappus white. I omit Eeklon’s

habitat, quoted by DC., because a specimen from E. ¢ Z. in Herb. Sond., named

** Q. dentata,” is merely a dwarf, ill-grown plant of O. amplexicaulis, var. denticulata ;

having the amply ear-clasping leaves, infl. and fi. heads of that species.

30. 0. macrosperma (DC. 1. c. 478); “shrubby-carnose, branching,

glabrous, ascending ; cicatrices bearded; leaves fleshy, flat, oblong,

obtuse, tapering at base, some entire, some about the middle bluntly

one-lobed ; fl. branches striate, subracemose, few-headed, nude; pedicels

elongate ; inv. cylindr., 5-parted; rays 5, ten-nerved; ray achenes

silky with rufous, close-lying hairs ; pappus rufous.” DC. l. ¢.

Has. Olifant’s R., Drege. (Unknown to me.)

* Leaves 1 in. long, 2-31. wide. Ach. 31. long.” DC.

31. 0. purpurascens (Harv.); stem shrubby-carnose, the branches

nude below with woolly cicatrices ; leaves somewhat fleshy, flat, gla-

brous, glaucous, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, narrowed to the

base, entire or bluntly 1-2-toothed ; pedune. terminal, mostly forked,

2-headed, pedicels long; inv. sc. 5; rays purplish; achenes silky-villous.

Has. Mastenberg, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

The specimens are in very poor condition, but seem to belong to a well marked

species. The foliage is very glaucous, and the rays seem to have been dull, purple-

red. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 4-5 lines wide.

$2. 0. arborescens (Linn. Sp. 1310); stem shrubby-carnose, the

branches fiexuous, nude and cicatricised below; cicatrices woolly ;

leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at base, obtuse or subacute, entire or

sinuate-toothed, thickish, but netted-veined when dry; pedune. ter-

minal, elongate, simple or bifid, mostly one-headed; inv. sc. 5, broadly

oval, concrete at base; rays multistriate; achenes villous. DC. /. c.

478. Dill. Eith, t. 103. Burm. Afr. t. 60. f. 1. O. coronopifolia, fol. 1.

Hb. Th.!

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Cape Flats, Drege’ Table Mt., W. H. H.! Onrustrivier,

Zey.! 3051. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

A fleshy shrub, 2-3 feet high. Avx<ils of leaves and younger cicatrices with a tuft

of short, white hairs. Leaves 1}-2 in. long, }-3 in. wide. Pedunc. 3-4 in. long. ©

Zeyher’s 3051 is very robust, but does not materially differ from my Table Mt.

specimens,

33. 0. primulina (DC. 1. c. 479); “shrubby, dwarf, quite glabrous; —

leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, obovate, obtuse, sessile,

tapering at base [7-9 1. long, 3-4 1. vt somewhat 3-nerved, denti-

culate; pedunc. scarcely longer than the leaves, one-headed ; inv. lobes

and rays 5-6; rays 5-nerved.” DOC.l.¢.

_ Has. Cape, Xrebs. (Unknown to me.)

34. 0. cacalioides (Linn. f. Suppl. 388) ; shrubby-carnose, glabrous,

branching; branches very thick and fleshy, with white-woolly cicatrices;

‘ave » obovate, tapering at base, very obtuse, thickish coriaceous,

Othonna.] COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 339

faintly 3-nerved, entire or minutely denticulate, the margin thickened

and subreflexed ; peduncle twice as long as the leaves, one-headed ; iny.

lobes 5, very broad ; rays?; achenes? Zh./ Cap. 719. DC. l. ¢. 479.

Has. Bockland’sberg, Thunberg/ (Herb. Th.)

Stem and branches 7 in. diameter, with a pale-brown or fulyous, glossy bark.

Leaves jin. long, 4-5 lines wide. Pedune.1}in.long. Heads small, few-flowered.

35. 0. minima (DC.! 1. c. 479); caudex very short, fleshy, woolly at

the crown; leaves from the crown, several, rosulate, obovate-flabelliform,

at base cuneate, entire, and tapering into a petiole, at the apex rounded

and sharply toothed; pedune. scape-like, filiform, one-headed (or forked

and 2—3-headed), 2—4 times longer than the leaves; inv. sc. 5; achenes

hairy-villous. .

Has. Giftberg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Allied to 0. cacalioides, but differing in its very short, tuberous stem, and sharply

toothed leaves, Perhaps in more advanced specimens the stem might be longer.

Leaves on nearly uncial petioles, ¢ in. long, 4 in. wide. Pedune. 2-4 in. long.

Raised in Hamburg Bot. garden from Drege’s seeds.

§ 5. Scaprcerz. (Sp. 36-41.)

36. 0. Natalensis (Sch. Bip., in Bot. Zeit. XX VII. p. 771); herba-

ceous, glabrous; root tuberous, prolonged upwards into a thick root-

stock, woolly at the crown; leaves from the crown, many, rosulate,

oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, much attenuated to the

base, with woolly axils, quite entire, coriaceous, midribbed, nerveless,

margined ; stem scapelike, nude or with 1-2 bracts, once or twice forked

or corymbose at summit; pedicels long; inv. sc. about 8, lanceolate,

concrete at base; rays 8, yellow; achenes shortly pubescent; pappus

tufo-fulvous. Walp. Rep. 6, p. 275.

Has. Natal, Krauss! 442. British Caffraria, 7. Cooper, 299. (Herb. D., Hk.)

This has something the look of Senecio coronatus. Leaves 4-5 inches long, 14-2

in. — thickish, opaque. Pedunc. 6-12 inches high. Rays twice as long as the

inyolucre.

37. 0. retrorsa _ 1. ce. 479); caudex suberect, simple or multifid

woolly and clothed with the reflexed bases of old leaves; axils very

woolly; leaves crowded round the apices, rosulate, oblongo-spathulate

or linear-spathulate, narrowed to the base, subacute, rigid, thin, promi-

nently netted-veined on both sides, margined with spreading or recurved

cilia; scapes erect, striate, forked or loosely sub-corymbose, pedicels

long, nude; inv. scales and rays about 8; achenes silky villous; pappus

: short.

Var. 8. linearifolia; leaves smaller and narrower, almost linear.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Caudices 2-4 inches high, nearly 1 in. thick, Leaves 2-3 inches long, 5-61. wide;

in 8. about 2 lines wide. Scape 6-10 inches long, corymbose, few-headed.

38. 0. Zeyheri (Sond.); caudex and leaves as in O. retrorsa; scapes

erect, scarcely striate, corymbulose, few-headed, pedicels short; inv. sc.

and rays 5; achenes ?

Has. §. Africa, Zeyher, 996. (Herb. Sond.)

Of this I have seen only very poor specimens, So far as I can judge, it merely

: 22”

340 Composit (Harv.) [ Othonna.

differs from 0. retrorsa in the smaller fl. heads and fewer scales of the involucre, if

these characters be constant,

39. 0. scapigera (Harv. Thes. t. 15); caudex short, simple or divided,

woolly; axis woolly; leaves many from the crown, rosulate, linear or

linear-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, thick, one-nerved, veinless, quite

entire and smooth-edged; scapes erect, simple, one-headed, with 1-2

leaf-scales; inv. scales and rays 8-9; achenes (young) glabrous,

Has. Natal, Dr. P. Sutherland! (Herb. D., Hk.)

With the habit of 0. retrorsa, this has very different leaves and 1-headed peduncles.

Leaves 14-2} inches long, 2 lines wide. Scapes 6-8 inches high.

40. 0. auriculefolia (Lichtenst.! in Less. Linn!1831, p. 93); stemless

(in 8, sub-caulescent) woolly at the crown; radical leaves petioled or

subpetioled, oblong, glabrous, glaucous, sinuato-pinnatifid or eroso-den-

tate, the lobes entire or denticulate ; scapes one-headed, as long or twice

as long as the leaves; inv. campanulate, the scales 12-14, concrete to

the middle, 3-nerved, membr. edged; rays 12-14, blue; achenes silky,

they and the pappus fulvous. 0. eyanoglossa, O. lactucefolia and O.

pieridioides, DC. 1. c. 481-482.

Var. £. arctotoides (Harv.); rad. leaves long petioled, cuneate-obovate, entire or

repand ; cauline variably incised or pinnatifid; heads asin a. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Has. Cape, Lichtenstein. Sneeuwberg ; Kendo; Pietermeintjesfont; near Graaf

Reynet ; and Hex Rivierberg, Drege! 8. Wolve River, Burke and Zeyher. Zey. 992-

(Herb. Sond., D.)

Rootstock very thick, tuberous at base. Leaves many, rosulate from the crown,

2-4 inches long, 3-1 in. wide, variably incised or sinuate, of thickish, opaque sub-

stance. Pedunc. 2-5 inches long. Inv. $-? in. diam. Rays deep blue when dry.

Dr. Sonder has compared Drege’s plant with the original sp. in Herb. Berol. described

by Lessing. Var. 8. has petioles 2—3 inches long, and much shorter and more entire

lower and radical leaves ; a 1-1} in. long stem, and polymorphous cauline leaves ; in

its fl. heads it agrees with the common form. The rays dry blue; the disc.-fl. look

as if they may have been red: quere, are both red when fresh?

41. 0. sonchifolia (DDC.! 1. c. 482); stemless ; root tuberous, crown

very thick, woolly ; radical leaves shortly petioled, glabrous, lyrato-

pinnatifid, the lobes in several pair, with rounded interspaces, shortly

oblong, lobulate and mucronato-denticulate, the uppermost confluent ;

scapes rigid, striate, much longer than the leaves, one-headed ; inv.

lobes and rays about 8; achenes silky; pappus pale tawny.

Has. Stellenbosch, EZ. & Z.! (Herb. Sond.)

_ Tuber globose or oblong ; crown { in. diam. Leaves 4-6 inches long, 1 in. wide ;

lobes $-} in. long, 4-5 lines wide. Scapes 6-10 in. long. The rays, in Ecklon’s

specimens here described, seem to my eye to have been yellow; but DC. calls them

blueish ( ccerulescentes ).

§ 6. Cautescmntes. (Sp. 42-58.)

42. 0. cakilefolia (DC. 1. c. 482); herbaceous, erect, glabrous ; root

tuberous, somewhat woolly on the crown, stem nude at base, leafy and

flexuous in the middle, branched above ; leaves sessile, half-clasping,

fleshy, pinnatipartite, the lobes in few pair, with rounded interspaces,

broadly linear, obtuse, entire ; upper leaves on each side one-lobed ; _

branches pedunculoid, one-headed, subcorymbose ; iny. campanulate,

Othonia. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 341

of ro-12 concrete, acute scales; ray achenes rufo-villous. DC. J. c.,

exel. var. 8.

Has. Near Holrivier, in Karroid places, 1000 f., Drege! (Herb. Hook.)

Root an oblong-cylindrical tuber, 1 in. long, 2-3 1 diam. Bare portion of stem

2-3 inches long ; leafy portion 4-5 inches. Pedunculoid branches 3-4 inches long.

Rays and dise fl. crimson or purplish-red,

48, 0. incisa (Harv.) ; herbaceous, erect, glabrous; root?; crown

woolly; stem leafy in the lower half, pedunculoid, nude, and sub-

corymbose above ; leaves sessile, half-clasping, somewhat fleshy, ob-

longo-lanceolate or lanceolate, coarsely several-toothed, the teeth deltoid,

subacute, distant; upper leaves smaller, subentire or entire, acute;

pedicels elongate, subcorymbose; inv. campanulate, of 8-10, connate,

lanceolate scales; ray achenes tawny-villous; pappus whitish. 0.

cakilefolia, var. 8 latifolia, DC.! 1. c. 482.

Has. Betw. Uitkomst and Geelbekskraal, 2-3000 f., Drege’ (Herb. D., Sd.)

This differs decidedly in foliage from O. cakilefolia; so much so that IT must

separate it from that species. The root-leaves, if any, and tuber are unknown ;

the cauline leaves are 6-8 inches long, 1-14 wide. Pedunculoid stem 6-10 inches

high. Both ray and disc fl. seem to have been purplish, much less bright than in

O~ cakilefolia..

44. 0. rosea (Harv.) ; herbaceous, erect, branching, glaucous, quite

glabrous; leaves sessile, stem-clasping, elliptic-oblong, mucronate, mar-

gined, quite entire or subrepand, midnerved, with immersed veins ;

branches subpedunculoid above, forked or subcorymbose, few-headed ;

pedicels very long ; invol. campanulate, of 10-12 oblong, semiconcrete

scales; rays 4-lined ; achenes (young) glabrous.

Has. Modderfontein, Namaqualand, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. D., Sd.)

Root and base of stem unknown. Leaves 3 inches long, 1-1} inch wide, with

the stem and iny. very glaucous. Pedicels subcorymbose, 2-3 inches long. Ray

and disc. fl. bright, rosy-red. Pappus pale fulvous.

45, 0. rufibarbis (Harv.) ; herbaceous, glabrous; root tuberous? woolly

atthe crown; stem erect, rigid, branching, leafy; radical leaves on long

petioles, ovate, acute, 3-5-nerved at base, rigid, veiny ; cauline sessile,

ear-clasping, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute, margined, entire,

undulate; pedunc. terminal and axillary, long, one-headed ; inv. scales

and rays 12-13; achenes rufo-pubescent ; pappus rufous.

Has. Adow, Uit., Zey.! 3041. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root not seen. Stem 1 foot long. Radical leaves on 4-5 inch long petioles, 14-

2 inches long, 1-14 wide ; cauline 14 inch long, §-$ inch wide. Pedunce. 4-8 inches — ae :

long. Pappus copious, dull purple.

46. 0. amplexifolia (DC. 1. c. 480); herbaceous, branching, half-

climbing, glaucous, glabrous; root tuberous, woolly at the crown and

in the lower axils; radical leaves? ; cauline leaves broadly cordate, stem-

clasping, acute or obtuse, undulate or repand, mucronate, soft, drying

thin and veiny ; pedicels terminal and axillary, slender, long, 1-headed ;

inv. se. 9-10; achenes dark-brown, tapering, minutely hispid. 0. per-

foliata, Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 240 (excl. syn. ).

Has. Paarl, Drege’ Tulbagh, Pappe! Piquetberg, Zey./ 1003. (Hb. Hk., D. Sd.)

This has quite the habit and foliage of Doria perfoliata, but differs in generic

342 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Othonna.

character, and in the fewer inv. scales. Leaves 24 inches long, almost equally wide,

slightly fleshy, but pellucid and membranous when dry. Pedicels 3-§ inches long.

Pappus whitish, short.

47. 0. filicaulis (Jacq. Schoenb. t. 241); “herbaceous, glabrous,

weak, branching; root tuberous; radical leaves petioled, ovate ; cauline

cordate-clasping at base, oblongo-lanceolate, acute; pedunc. nude, one-

* headed; rays narrow, long, bidentate ; achenes glabrous.” DC. 1, c.

p- 481.

Has. Cape: formerly cult. in Europe.

Like O. amplecifolia, but with much narrower, taper-pointed leaves. The achenes,

described as “ glabrous,” are perhaps, more probably, hispidulous.

48. 0. linifolia (Linn. f. Suppl. 388); herbaceous, glabrous ; root

tuberous; crown and axils woolly ; stems scape-like, bifid or 2-3

forked, nearly nude; radical leaves very long, linear-attenuate or linear-

lanceolate, tapering to each end, rigid, ribbed and veiny or striate, quite

entire; pedicels very long; inv. sc, and rays g-10; ray achenes silky-

villous. Zh./ Cap.718, DC. l.c.479. O. bulbosa, var. y. Linn. Sp. 13°9-

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Cape Flats, Z.§ Z.! Dr. Pappe! W. H. H. Berg. B.,

Zey.! 3042, (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

Radical leaves 6-10 inches long, 4-3 lines wide. Stem 8-14 in. high, commonly

forked in the middle, with 1-2 sessile, linear leaves.

i. 49. 0. tuberosa (Thunb. ! Cap. 720); herbaceous, glabrous or sparsely

pilose; root tuberous, woolly at the crown and axils; stems short,

-» flexuous, simple or divided, leafy; radical leaves on long petioles, ovate

©. or oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, entire, acute, membranous, veiny (when

_ . dry); cauline leaves sessile, half-clasping, oblong, spathulate or obovate,

entire or repand; pedune. very long, nude or nearly so, one-headed,

curved, striate; inv. sc. 12-14, lanceolate, acute, concrete at base;

achenes silky. O. elliptica; O. adscendens ; and O. oblongifolia, DC.!

l.c. 480. Also 0. Lingua, Herb, Th.!

Has. Common round Capetown and on the Cape : We “ -

Th D, He'sd) pe pe Flats. Zey.! 3045, pte. (Herb.

Leafy portion of stem 2-3 inches long; pedunc. 6-8 in. long. Leaves mostly

quite entire and glabrous ; rad. leaves 3-5 in. long, 1-2 in. wide; petiole 2-3 in-

long, Some specimens of Zey. 3045 belong to O. heterophylla.

50. 0. heterophylla (Linn. f. Suppl. 387); herbaceous, more or less

copiously pilose, rarely subglabrous; root tuberous, woolly at the erown

and in the axils; stems short, flexuous, simple or forked, laxly leafy;

radical leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or obovate, or subrotund, obtuse,

often cordate at base, repand or crenate, prominently nerved and veiny

beneath, more or less pilose; cauline sessile, half-clasping, obovate or

oblong, with recurved edges, crenate or sub-entire; pedune. terminal,

nude, one-headed ; inv. sc, 13-14; achenes villous. 7. Cap. 721-

O. tuberosa, DC. 1. c. 479 (excl. syn.) Also O.brachypoda, DC.1! 1. c. 480.

Has. Cape Flats, &c., Thunberg! Drege, Eckl., W.H.H. Voormansbosch, Zey.’

og ods CS cong ct ace hick tly nerved

: ut more , with thicker, more prominently n

leaves, with recurved edges, usually crenate or ; Zeyher's is partly made

up of one, partly of the other fave bx species. sioagesteiarar Arges poe

Othonna.] COMPOSITE (Hary.) 343

51. 0. macrophylla (DC.! 1. c. 480); herbaceous, glabrous ; root

tuberous, woolly on the crown; stem short, flexuous, simple or forked,

leafy; radical leaves? ; cauline leaves (very large ) sessile, stem-clasping,

soft (drying thin and veiny), ovate-oblong or oblong, the uppermost

acuminate, subsinuate, entire or remotely callous-denticulate ; pedune.

long, nude or nearly so, 3-4 times forked or loosely panicled, pedicels

very long; iny. sc. 12-13, lanceolate, acute, connate; achenes velyetty.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root leaves unknown; cauline 4-9 or to inches long, 2-5 in. wide, conspicuously

midribbed and netted with slender veins when dry; probably somewhat fleshy.

Stem and pedune. together 2 ft. high, fistular, striate, pale; pedicels 3-6 inches

long. Heads 8—12 in the inflorescence,

52. 0. petiolaris (DC.! 1. c. 480); herbaceous, glabrous; root tuber-

ous, woolly at the crown; stem short, subsimple, few-leaved; radical

leaves petioled, broadly oblong or ovate-oblong, sinuate or crenato-lobu-

late, or erose, or sublacerate, callous-denticulate, drying thin and veiny ;

cauline 2—3, tapering much at base or subpetiolate, obovate, crenate or

lobulate; pedune. long, nude, loosely panicled at summit, few-headed,

the pedicels long; iny. sc. about 8, ovate-oblong, subacute; rays 8;

achenes ?

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege! Betw. Olifant’s R. and Knakisberg, Zey./

root. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Radical leaves 4—6 inches long, on uncial or 2-uncial petioles, 2-3 in. wide; cauline

2-3 in. long, 14-2 in. wide. Allied to O. macrophylla, but differing in the fewer inv.

scales and the non-clasping cauline leaves.

53. 0. cuneata (DC. 1. c. 481); herbaceous, glabrous; root tuberous,

woolly at the crown; stem erect, short, simple or branched, leafy; radi-

cal and lower cauline leaves petioled, broadly cuneate or subrotund,

entire at base, dilated and coarsely several-toothed or lobulate at apex,

thickish, faintly nerved and veined; upper leaves sessile or subsessile,

toothed or entire; pedune. long, nearly nude, once or twice forked, few-

headed ; pedicels very long; inv. sc. 7-8; achenes velvetty, with mi-

nute, reddish hairs.

Has. Langvalei and Knakerberg ; and near Holrivier, Drege / Betw. Olifant R.

and Knakerberg, Zey./ 1000. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

Petioles 2-4 inches long; lamina of lower leaves 13-2 in. long, 2-2} wide. Ped.

6-ro in. long, bearing 2-3 small leaves,

54. 0. reticulata (DC. 1. c. 481); herbaceous, quite glabrous, woolly —

at the crown; root tuberous? radical and lowest cauline leaves petioled, —

more or less deeply sinuato-pinnatifid, prominently netted-veined, the

lobes ovate or oblong, entire, mucronulate; upper leaves sessile, stem-

clasping, oblong or lanceolate, some pinnatifid, others toothed or entire;

stem very laxly leafy, branched, its branches ending in very long, nude,

one-headed pedicels; inv. lobes and rays about 8; achenes (fide DC.)

“« glabrescent.”

Has. Near Olifant R., and Brackfontein, Z. §. Z.! (Herb. Sd., D.)

1-2 feet high, the stem less pedunculoid than in others of this group ; its pedun-

culoid branches 8-12 inches long. Leaves rather rigid, drying thin, 4-6 inches

long, 1-2 inches wide.

344 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Othonna.

55. 0. rotundifolia (DC. 1. c. 481); “ herbaceous, quite glabrous, with

bearded axils; radical leaves petioled, pinnatifid, the lobes on each side

4-5, with the terminal lobe roundish, obtusely sinuate, here and there

submucronate ; scape rather longer than the leaves, twice forked at

the apex, pedicels longer than the heads ; invol. 7-8-lobed ; rays 7-8,

mostly 5-nerved ; ray achenes glabrous.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

‘‘ Leaves 10 inches long, 2-24 inches wide. Pappus reddish.” DC.

_ 56, 0. lyrata (DC. ! 1. c. 481); herbaceous, glabrous; root tuberous?

the crown and lower axils woolly; stem short, flexuous, leafy; radical

and cauline leaves lyrate, near or at the base of petiole dilated and stem-

clasping, the lateral lobes in 2-3 pair, roundish subentire, broad-based

or cuneate-attenuate ; terminal lobe very large, roundish, often cordate

_ at base, subentire, toothed, or lobulate; the blunt teeth or lobes very

broad and shallow, mucronulate; pedune. long, nude, repeatedly forked,

pedicels long; inv. sc. and rays 7-8; achenes (fide DC.) “ glabrous.”

Has. Clanwilliam and Worcester, 7. § Z.! (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 5-6 inches long, shortly petioled, the dilatation of the radical leaves shortly

above the base of the petiole; that of the cauline, which are similar, at the base:

their veins and nerves not prominent. Term. leaf-lobe 2-24 in. long, 14-2 in. wide.

Pedune. 10-12 in. high.

57. 0. pinnata (Linn. f.suppl. 387); herbaceous, glabrous ; root tuber-

ous, the crown and lower axils woolly; stem short, flexuous, laxly leafy ;

radical and lower cauline leaves petioled, pinnatisect, the segments in

several, close pairs, rigid, oblong, ovalorsubrotund, quite entire, margined,

decurrent ; branches pedunculoid, long, curved, nude, one-headed ; inv.

scales 12-13, lanceolate, concrete; achenes villous. Bot. Mag. t. 168.

Th. ! Cap. 722. DC.1. c. 481.

Has. Common on the Cape flats, and hills round Capetown, Kamp’s Bay, &c.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

- Leaves 4-6 inches long, including the petiole; lobes 3-1 in. long, 3-4 lines wide.

The rays are often red or purple beneath, but yellow above.

58. 0. tephrosioides (Sond.); herbaceous, glabrous; root tuberous,

the crown and lowest axil woolly ; stem suberect, branching, laxly leafy;

radical leaves petioled, pinnatisect, the segments in several, subdistant

pairs, rigid, oblongo-lanceolate, subacute, quite entire, margined, decur-

rent; branches 2-4 headed, pedicels 1-2-uncial; inv. sc. about 8, ovate,

subacute; achenes? e

Has. Matjisfontein, Zeyher.! 999. (Herb. Hk., Sd.) ~-

: Root ovate-oblong, acute. Rad. lvs., with their petiole, 5-6 in. long; lobes 1-1}

in. long, 3-4 1. wide. Cauline lvs. sessile, the lowest pinnatisect, upper entire.

Stems 1-14 ft. high, forking.—Nearly allied to O. pinnata, but with taller, more

erect and branching stem, more compound inflorescence and fewer inv. scales.

( Doubtful Species. )

0. nudata (DC.1.c. 475); “suffr., erect, glabrous ; stem terete, leafy

at base, otherwise nude, elongate, paniculato-corymbose ; leaves lanceo-

late, tapering at base, acute, with 1-2 large teeth on each side; pedicels

rather shorter than the fl. head; inv. lobes and rays 7-8; achenes

villous.” DC. 7. ¢. 2

Gymnodiscus. | COMPOSITA (Haryv.) 345

Has. Near Capetown, Ecklon. (Perhaps some form of 0. parviflora.)

- ©. quinqueradiata (DC. |. c. 478); “suffruticose, glabrous, erect;

stem short, terete, fleshy, sparingly branched; leaves crowded at the

end of the branches, woolly at the axils, oblong, tapering at base,

obtuse, submucronate, flat, quite entire; pedunc. terminal, twice as

long as the leaves, one-headed, nude; iny. scales and rays 5, rays

7—o-nerved.” DC. 1. c. 479. o

Has. Cape, Forbes. (How does this differ from 0. arborescens ?)

Hertia crassifolia (Less. Syn. 88); DC, Prodi.6, p. 483. Othonna crassifolia, Linn.

Mant. 118 (excl. syn. Comm.) Mill. Ic. t. 245, f. 2, is omitted in this work, because,

as I am advised by Dr. Sonder, the specimen, in Herb. Berol., on which Lessing

founded his genus, is merely a cultivated state of the European O. cheirifolia. There

is nothing like it in any collection of Cape plants known to me.

CXVI. GYMNODISCUS, Less.

Heads several-flowered, radiate; ray-/l. shortly ligulate, female ;

dise-fl. 5-fid, male. Inv. scales uniseriate, concrete at base, not calycled.

Recept. nude. Achenes glabrous, smooth, ovate or obovate. Pappus

uniseriate in the ray-fl.; none in the dise-fl. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 469.

Small annuals, natives of S. Africa. a. Leaves chiefly radical, rosu-

late, lyrate or linear. Heads small, corymboso-paniculate. Name from -yupvos,

nude, and Sicxos, a disc; because the disc-fl. have no pappus.

Radical-leaves lyrate or sinuato-pinnatifid ... ... ... 3 capillaris.

Radical-leaves narrow-linear, quite entire... ,... ... (2) linearifolia.

1. G. capillaris (Less. Syn. 89); radical leaves obovate, lyrate or

lyrato-pinnatifid; inv. 5-6-lobed; rays 5-6. DC.l.¢. 469. Othonna

capillaris, Linn. f. Suppl. 388. Thunb.! Cap. 721.

Var. 8. latifolia (Sond.); rad. lvs. sinuato-pinnatifid; cauline very broad, oblong

or obovate, obtuse, repand or subsinuate. (Hb. Sd.)

Has. Cape Flats and throughout the Western Districts, in

Saldanha Bay, E.G Z./ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) =

Habit of Capsella Bursa Pastoris. Radical-leaves » rosulai

petioled, the lat. lobes 2-3, rounded, terminal larger, bluntly ovate, entire or repand.

Stem 6-12 in. high, forked or alternately divided, with small, sessile, toothed or

incised leaves at the forks, diffusely panicled upwards ; dwarf specimens simple and

few-headed. Anthers rounded at base. Disc-style cone-tipped. 8. is a very luxuriant

state, with much larger and less cut or subentire stem-leaves.

2. G. linearifolia (DC. lL c. 469); leaves linear-elongate, fleshy, ob-

tusely callous-tipped, veinless, quite entire; inv. 7-9-lobed; rays 6-7.

Has. Boschjemans-karroo and Groenrivier, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Habit of @. capillaris, but with very different foliage.

(Doubtful Species.)

G. orbicularifolius (Sch. B., Bot. Zeit. 27, 768); “leaves orbicular,

entire, 5-9 lines diameter, petioled ; stem nude, corymboso-paniculate ;

the heads larger and rays paler than in @. capillaris.” Sch. B. 1. c.

Walp. Rep. 6, p. 274.

Has. Cape.

346 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Senecio.

CXVII. SENECIO, L.

Heads either discoid-homogamous or radiate-heterogamous ; ray-fl.

ligulate, female. Invol, uniseriate, rarely quite nude at base, usually

more or less calycled ; invol. sc. frequently with withered or dark tips,

membrane-edged, often 2-nerved. Lecept. nude or honey-combed. Style

of the disc fl. with truncate branches, hispid at the tip. <Achenes terete,

truncate or slightly tapering at the summit. Pappus pluriseriate, pilose,

caducous, the bristles straight, very slender, roughish. DC. Prodr. 6,

341. Also Brachyrhynchos, Less. D@.1.¢. 437.

A vast, cosmopolitan genus, extremely. varied in habit, consisting of annuals, a 5

perennials, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers yellow or purple. '* 4 ~,

Inflorescence various. Name from sever, an old man; alluding to the usually white,

hair-like pappus. I have attempted a redistribution of the Cape species, in 12 sec-

tions, which are meant to be natural groups: they are not always easily definable.

The same indefiniteness attaches to the specific characters of many, and with fuller

materials I should probably have reduced to varieties several that are here retained.

§ 1. Annur. Root annual. Stem herbaceous, mostly branched, erect or diffuse.

Inflorescence diffusely panicled or subcorymbose. Heads rarely discoid ; mostly

radiate, the rays yellow or purple. (Sp. 1-27.) ;

(a.) Heads discoid.—(Leaves bluntly pinnatifid, glabrate) (1) vulgaris.

(6.) Heads radiate. Ray-flowers yellow :

* Glabrati: glabrous or sparsely hispidulous :

Leaves sessile, expanded, entire or pinnatifid (with broad lobes) :

Inv. conspicuously calycled at base :

Leaves fleshy, oblong-obovate, obtuse,

denticulate: — -..- <0. ses see: vas. (2). Maritimus,

Lys. not fleshy, oblong, toothed or pinnatifid :

Inv. 3-4 1. long; achenes striate,

Inv. 2 Llong; ach.canous,notstriate (4) laxus.

Lys. lanceolate, tapering at base ... (5) ruderalis,

Iny. nude at base, or nearly so:

Leaves incised or pinnatifid, the lobes

subentire ...

Lys. deeply pinnatisect, lobes sharply

(6) abruptus.

toothed ... ... ... 2. 1. ... (7) Comsanguineus

Leaves (lower) distinctly petioled, simple or lyrate, with broad lobes :

Inv, nude at base, or nearly so :

Lower and medial lvs. petioled, orbi-

cular, lobed or lyrate: upper sessile,

pinnatifid, orentire ... ... ... (8) repandus.

Lower leaves petioled, cordate; upper

cordate, clasping ... ... ... ... (10) lobelioides.

Invol. calycled; leaves obovate or oblong,

crenate, long-stalked ... ...

ie ae eee, Lessingii.

Inv. calycled ; upper leaves pinnatifid :

Leaf-lobes 5-9 pair, toothed; rays long (11) erysimoides.

Leaf-lobes 3-4 pair, entire ; san Atte! ( 2) cardaminifolius.

Leaves either all narrow-linear, or pinnatisect or

multifid, with narrow-linear segments and lobes:

Iny. nude at base, or nearly so:

Leaves bipinnati-partite ... ... ... (13) sophioides.

Leaves linear, quite entire ... ... (14) tenellus.

Inv. calycled :

Erect : lvs. either linear, or pinnatisect (15) levigatus. -_

Diffuse : lvs. bipinnatifid or multifid (16) matricaricfolins.

Sa? See 2

Ver Lef frlit. Pupe ei?

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 347

** Semiglabri: glabrous, except the densely gland-

pubescent peduncle, bractex, pedicels, and invo-

lucres ; lvs. pinnatifid .. «.. (17) trachylenus.

badiahad Pubescentes. Branches and leaves, ¢ or whole plant scabrid-pubescent :

Lvs. bipinnatisect or pinnatisect, with linear lobes:

Diffuse or decumbent ; heads few, calycled (18) diffusus.

Erect : upper lvs. pinnatisect ; heads pani-

cled, nearly nude at base... ... ... (19) Paarlensig,

Lys. lance-linear, entire or toothed... ... ... (20) puberulus,

Lvs. petioled, some ovate-oblong, some lyrate (21) sisymbrifolius.

Lys. oblong, obtusely pinnatifid or sinuate-toothed :

Inv. quite glabrous, of 10-12 oblong scales (22) glutinarius,

Inv. gland-scabrid, of ee linear-subulate

scales... ; .» « (23) glutinosus,

(c.) Heads radiate. Ray flowers ‘purple :

Iny. conspicuously calycled at base :

Calycle of broad, short, ciliate bracteoles... ... (24) elegans.

Calycle of lanceolate bracteoles as long asinv. se. (25) multibracteatus.

Inv. nude at base or nearly so:

Viscoso-pubescent: leaves polymorphous _... (26) arenarius.

Glabrous, or sparsely hispidulous :

Leaves pinnatipartite, with blunt lobes ... (27) eakilefolius.

Leaves kteigmeecranisoras with narrow-linear

lobes.. a (13) sophioides,

§ 2. Smyvost Rootstock perennial. Radical leaves several, larger than the cauline,

mostly sinuous-pinnatifid, pinnatifid, or incised, rarely entire, very generally pubescent

or viscidulous. Stem herbaceous, subsimple, nude or leafy, one or loosely several

headed. Heads many-fi., radiate or discoid; flowers purple or yellow. (Sp. 28-49.)

(a.) Heads radiate; disc and ray flowers purple:

Radical and lower leaves sessile; stem leafy, racemose

above. ... (28) macrocephalus,

Rad. and lower eaves petioled’; ‘stem ‘nude and

forked above, subcorymbose ... ... -- .. (29) concolor.

(b.) Heads discoid; the disc-fl. purple;

Stems branchin g; fi. branches nude, forked or corymbose ; leaves rarely ane,

commonly lyrate or pinnatifid: Be

Glandularly pubescent, viscidulous : :

Corymbs Jaxly few-headed; achenes pubes. (30) er

Corymbs — many- -headed, compound ;

Tous; ss

and upper leaves sessile... ... (31) purpureus.

Medial and upper lvs. decurrent as a

stem-wing ones 45a) odontopterus.

Glabrous: leaves pinnatisect, ‘with cutlobes ... (33) glabrifolius.

Stems simple, closely leafy nearly to the summit:

Pubescence of long, jointed, white hairs:

Heads corymbose ; upper lvs. piiaperte 4-5

lines wide, flattish . as ach os (34) barbatus.

Heads panicled ; upper -Ivs. x, 1 line wi e, :

revolute-edged... (35) thyrsoideus.

Pubescence of short, scabrid, close, knappy hairs (36) Sandersoni.

(c.) Heads discoid; the dise-fl. yellow:

Glabrous. Stem much branched, cauline lvs. coarsely

—_ OF CGb conc. (37) incomptus.,

Sea! t. Stem sub-simple, "few-headed, laxly leafy:

“Lower-ivs. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with

(38) asperulus,

edges...

Lower-lvs. petioled, oblong or obovate, flat, toothed :

Heads loosely corymbose, 40-50 fl.... ... (39) serratus.

348 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Senecio.

100 fi. ate

(d.) Heads radiate ; disc and ray fi. yellow :

Crown of rootstock clothed with long, silky-woolly hairs :

Stem, bluntly-pinnatifid lvs., and invol. glabrous (41) eriobasis.

Stem, bluntly-pinnatifid lvs., and invol. scabro-

Crown of rootstock nude, not silky or woolly :

Seabro-pubescent, viscidulous ; or sparsely pubescent :

Rad. leaves inciso-pinnatifid, or sinuate-pinnatifid :

Inv. scales scabro-pubescent :

Rad. lvs. inciso-pinnatifid, lobes

Heads solitary, or 2 (on long pedicels), about

aces .:+ se (40) hypocheeridens.

(42) erosus.

blunt Bi Gwe Sa ee i OAc,

Rad. lvs. elongate-lanceolate, sin-

uate-pinnatifid s+ ees «+. (44) robertieefolius..

Inv. scales glabrous ; lvs. pinnatifid,

with many narrow lobes : (45) spireifolius.

Rad. lvs. oblong, toothed ; heads corymbose (46) hieracioides.

White-woolly, on leaves and involucre ; rad. lvs.

pinnati-partite eee SORe Wvs Aaa: sem: (47) elbifolins.

Glabrous except pedunc. and invol. ; rad. lys.

narrow, toothed, nerveless ... (48) reptans.

Glabrous, subovoid ; rad. lvs. obovate, crenulate ;

scape nude, one-headed ... ... . (49) Bellis.

§ 3. PLanTacIneI. Rootstock perennial. Radical leaves several, petioled, coria-

ceous, linear, lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate, glabrous or cottony (not viscoso-pubes-

cent), entire (rarely repand), mostly callous-denticulate. Stem herbaceous, subsimple,

nude or leafy, its leaves clasping or sessile. Heads many-fi., conspicuously calycled,

radiate or discoid ) ; fl. yellow, rarely purple. (Sp. 50-65.)

(a.) Heads radiate ; dise and ray-fl. purple vse eves... (50) Dregeanus,

oe Heads radiate ; disc and ray-fl. yellow :

Crown of rootstock very woolly ; lvs. ovate-oblong (51) coronatus.

Crown of rootstock nude, not silky or woolly :

Cauline lvs. sessile (not decurrent at base) :

« Achenes quite glabrous :

Calycle of many bracteoles, much shorter than the invol. ;

eo Disc-fl. very many ; rays 10-15 (52) Albanensis.

a aie Dise-fi: 155 -raye §. os Re (53) inornatus.

Calycle of few, very long bracteoles ;

rays very long, many =

Achenes striate, scaberulous or pubes

Cobweb-cottony; lvs. lanceolate, 1

inches long ; achenes 4 1. long

Glabrous ; Ivs. oblong, 3 inches long,

(54) caudatus.

Hic

(55) macrospermus.

8-9 1. wide ; ach. pubescent... ... (56) monticolus.

Glabr. or cobwebby ; lvs. linear, 1 line

wide ; ach. villous... ... ... ... (57) gramineus.

Achenes flattish, ciliate on the edges .... (58) erispus.

Cauline lvs. decwrrent at base, as a stem wing :

Decurrent portion of leaf coarsely toothed (59) decurrens,

Decur. port. of leaf crenato-dentate ... ... (60) digitalifolius.

(c.) Heads discoid ; flowers yellow :

Inv. calycled, of about 20 narrow-linear, acuminate scales :

Pedicels and involucre scabro-pubescent ; cauline

‘ : ie (61) polyodon.

ehdy ga idan SE

Pedicels and invol. quite glabrous :

Cauline lvs. clasping, toothed or denticulate (62) erenulatus.

Cauline leaves sessile, elongate-linear, with :

Rivolithe edges = go ss (63) striatifolius.

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Hary.) 349

Inv. nude at base, of 10-12 broad, flat, glabrous scales :

Stem leafy below, nude and panicled upwards ;

heads subcorymbose ..._ .... ... ...... (64) othonneeflorus,

Stemless; rad. lvs. rosulate, stem scapelike,

scaly; One-headed. co in in (65) petiolaris,

§ 4. Pavcrrott. Rootstock perennial; roots often, (perhaps always) thickened

or tuberous. Radical leaves none, or petioled. Stem rigid, glabrous or cobwebby,

leafy at base, ending in a simple or corymbose peduncle. Leaves rarely all sessile,

the lowermost commonly on long petioles, either quite glabrous or cottony (not

scabro-pubescent), various in shape. Heads nearly nude at base, radiate or discoid ;

rays yellow or purple. (Sp. 66-80.)

({a.) Heads radiate; disc and ray-fl. purple ...

(b.) Heads radiate; disc and ray-fl. yellow:

(67) cymbalaricfolius.

Lower leaves petioled, either cordate, lyrate, reniform or multifid:

Lys. lyrate, reniform or multifid ; achenes striate,

epee CN a eis nS

Lys. cordate or ovate, repand-toothed ; achenes

REESE OTR ase ioe sires ss SO

Lower leaves sessile, oblong or lanceolate :

Corymb few-headed; heads many-fl.; rays 8-10

Corymb many-headed ;. heads few-fl. ; rays 3-5:

(67) cymbalarizefolius,

(66) cordifolius,

(74) paucifolius.

Rootstock not woolly (2); whole plant glabrous:

Cauline lvs. lance-oblong, shortly decur-

TONG Ave Se ae

Cauline lvs. sessile, ovate, acute, stem-

clasping Bre

Rootstock woolly at the crown:

Dise-fl. 20-30; lvs. acuminate, often

falcate Or ie ee 2a:

Disc-fl. 10-12; lvs. broad and narrow

(c.) Heads discoid; disc-fl. yellow:

Heads subsolitary, many-fl.; inv. scales 12-20:

Glabrous:

Lower leaves cordate-reniform or lyrate-

pinnatifid... ..

angled

or oval, callous-toothed or

ciliate...

Leaves not peltate:

Stem short; lvs. fleshy, rhomb-ovate; inv.

Stems tall, leafy ; lvs. coriaceous or mem-

branous; inv. sc. 5.

Stem nude; lvs. membr., with slender

veins... Sl GRE ES aE ay

Stem leafy throughout; lvs. rigid, with

strong, prominent, netted-veins

(78) adnatus.

(77) glaberrimus.

(76) bupleuroides.

(75) latifolius.

(68) tuberosus. —

(70) anthemifolius.

(69) iver E: 5

(72) oxyrizefolius.

(71) orbicularis.

(73) rhomboideus.

(79) isatideus.

(80) venosus.

§ 5. Riemr. Shrubs or suffrutices, rarely herbaceous perennials, commonly much

branched, leafy. eaves expanded, toothed or incised, or lyra

to-pinnatifid or lyrate,

variably pubescent or glabrous, rarely entire, midribbed and mostly closely netted-

veined, Heads calycled, corymbose (rarely solitary), radiate or discoid. Rays yel-

low or purple. (Sp. 81-116.)

(a.) Heads discoid; fl. yellow or sometimes “ blue?” or white:

Heads 80-100-fl., subsolitary; leaves scabrous, obl.-

lanceolate, toothed... eee

(81) picridifolius.

350 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Senecio.

Heads 60-80-fi., Synhers lvs. woolly, — or

pinnatifid... : ... (87) cimerascens.

Heads 8-20-41, corymbose c or r panicled : ‘

Lys. sessile, oblong-lanceolate, = above

cottony beneath ... ... (82) Thunbergii.

Lvs. sessile, lyrato-pinnatifid, ‘seabr. ‘above,

canescent beneath... . -.. (83) amabilis.

Lys. on ear-clasping petioles, with an ovate limb:

Lys. scabrous on both sides, coarsely repand-

toothed ... .. (84) Gerrardi.

Lys. cobwebby or r glabrate above, cottony

beneath ... . 3S (85) pandurifolius.

(8), Heads radiate; ray-fl. yellow.

* Leaves distinctly petioled :

Stem, petioles and one or both sides of leaves white-woolly:

Lys. cordate, denticulate, or the spicnnesae

panduriform ... ... (86) verbascifolius.

Lys. pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, “lobes

lance.-linear ... ... (87) cinerascens.

Twigs and leaves pubescent, or ‘hispid- villous:

Flexuous; lvs. cuneate-obovate, toothed ;

disc-fl. 30-40 .. .-- (88) tortuosus,

Erect; lvs. ovate, deeply cut and toothed ;

dise-fl. 1 i ere 1». «+ (89) blattarioides.

Stem and leaves quite, or ‘nearly glabrous :

Leaves lyrate, the petiole having 2-4 pair of small lobes:

Heads 40-50-fl.; rays ee :

lys. finely serrate ... ... (90) serratuloides.

Heads 12~15-fl.; rays minute ; “eaves

coarsely serrate... -- (91) microglossus.

Leaves ovate, obovate or lanceolate :—

Shrubby :

Leaves minutely and bluntly ser-

rulated; corymb many-headed (92) crenatus,

Leaves sharply toothed or lobed ;

corymb lax, few-headed .-» (93) oxyodontus.

Herbaceous :

Lys. cuneate-ovate or —

3-nerved at base ... ... ... (94) Zeyheri.

Lys. lanceolate-acuminate, 1 mem-

branous, I-nerved... .., ... (95) pellucidus.

** Leaves sessile, or decurrent : :

Lvs. stem-clasping, variably lyrate or pinnatifid ;—

Heads 2-3-together, subsessile along the

rod-like fi. branches ; —_— woolly, sc.

glabrous... .. ... (96) pubigerus.

Heads corymbose or ‘panicled ; , calycle and se. glabrous :

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, sharpl

cut or pinnatifid ; fl. branches cod

like, corymbose at top ... ... ... (97) ineisus.

Lys. lyrate, the upper oblong: toothed;

panicle very diffuse, heads on long

pedicels ... .. (98) expansus.

aa lyrate, bluntly lobed and sharply

toothed; corymbs densely many-

headed, pedicels short ... ... ... (99) lyratus.

Lvs. sessile or clasping, or obscurely decurrent, not pinnatifid, netted-

mae ¢ cobwebby cottony or white-woolly beneath, mostly scabrous

Corymbs much branched, many-headed :

Leaves broad-based, stem clasping :

Senecio. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 351

Shrub, roughly hispid ; lvs.oblong

or fiddle-shaped, obtuse, his-

pid, thinly cobwebbed beneath (100) rigidus.

Suffrutices; lvs. white-woolly beneath :

Lys. oblong or lance-oblong,

sharply toothed ... ... (103) ilicifolius.

Lys. linear or lance-linear,

entire or sparingly toothed

(or lobed) ... ... ... (404) jumiperinus.

Leaves tapering at base, subpetiolate,

sub-decurrent, lanceolate, sharply

serrate, white beneath ... ... ... (102) pterophorus.

Corymbs few-headed, or heads solitary :

Leaves clasping, ovate-oblong, rigid,

sharply toothed, at first white-wool-

led beneath ... ... .. 1. ... (105) oederieefolius.

Lys. obovate-oblong, subentire, cob-

webbed beneath ... ... ... ... (106) arniceeflorus.

Lys. obovate-lanceolate, acuminate,

quite entire ste eee eee eee (107) microspermus.

Lvs. (cauline) decurrent in a long stem wing ;

netted-veined, denticulate, hispid beneath,

cobwebbed above ; upper Ivs, ovate, sessile (101) caulopterus.

Lvs. sessile, closely and rigidly pubescent, obo- x

vate, tapering at base, 5—7-toothed ... ... (108) hirtifolius.

Lvs. sessile or subsessile, quite glabrous, or the young parts thinly cob-

webbed with deciduous web:

Leaves broad-based more or less stem-clasping :

Lys. oblong or obovate, obtuse, sharply

and finely serrate ... ... ... ... (109) vestitus.

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, rigid,

coarsely toothed ... ... ... ... (110) aquifoliaceus.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous,

serrulate or entire... ... ...... (11) lanceus,

Leaves narrowed to the base, not clasping :

Lvs. subcuneate at base, ovato-lanceo-

late, acute, serrulate ... ... ... (112) seoparius,

Lvs. tapering at base, oblongo-lanceo-

late, acute, serrulate ... ... ... (113) Serra.

Lys. cuneate-obovate, tapering at ;

base, glaucous, coarsely few-toothed

or subentire ... ... ... ... ... (114) halimifolius.

(c.) Heads radiate ; ray-fl. purple -

Leaves oblong-ovate, with revolute margins, toothed,

WOOlly bones 7.7 °° 3.9.2 ee ee phy]

Leaves lance-oblong, flat, toothed, glabrous ... ... (116) glastifolius.

§ 6. Microtost. Erect suffrutices, more or less tomentose with short, soft hairs.

Branches closely leafy. Leaves sessile, ovate or lanceolate, few-toothed or entire,

with or without 1-3 pair of minute lobules at base, on one or both sides clothed

with soft, greyish-white toment (not cobwebby or loosely woolly). Heads sparingly

calycled, corymbose, radiate or discoid. Rays yellow. (Sp. 117-121.)

Heads discoid, 7-12-fl. ; Ivs. ovate or oblong ... (117) oliganthus.

Heads radiate ; rays 5-6:

Inv. scales tomentose ; lvs. toothed or entire: : :

Lys. ovate or oblong, 3-5 nerved, entire (118) quinquenervius,

Lys. lanceolate, 3 nerved wiieier (Je f119) Hinoatus.

Inv. scales glabrous :

Lys. 2-3 lobed at base, term. lobe few-

Wooten ee (000) Seiphinerviw.

Lys. 3-4-lobed at base. term. lobe serrate : :

throughout be eee: wey) cus C121) PORpRDOTVIUE.

352 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Senecio.

§ 7. Leprotosi. Suffrutices, or herbaceous perennials, commonly branched.

Leaves pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite, glabrous or tomentose, the lobes narrow-

linear (in some species the leaves vary from linear quite entire to pinnatipartite with

- linear lobes). Heads corymbose, mostly calycled, radiate or discoid. Rays yellow,

purple, or white. (Sp. 122-138.)

(a.) Heads radiate ; rays purple or white:

Suffr., glabrous ; lvs. entive or pinnate, with st

revolute edges... ... (122) umbellatus.

Herb., pubescent; lvs. pinnatipartite, lobes acumi- ,

nate, entire or toothed, with subrecurved edges ;

rays "purple ee : (123) grandiflorus.

Herb., scabrous ; vs. ‘pinnatipartite, very scabrous,

lobes acute, with reflexed edges ; rays white ... (124) leucoglossus.

‘b.) Heads radiate ; rays yellow :

Leaf-lobes very short and tooth-like ; all parts gla-

brous... .. ... (126) parvifolins.

Leaf-lobes linear or subulate, distant, in few pairs :

Stem and leaves very scabrous with short, swollen

hairs . (125) muricatus.

St. and Iva. glabrous ¢ or r pilose, not scabrid :

, herbaceous ; lvs. unequally pinnate (127) Carroensis.

Erect, suffrut. ; leaf-lobes linear- -elongate (128) pinnulatus.

Leaf-lobes closely set, simple or lobulate :

Ascending-erect ; lvs. woolly, the lobes short,

obtuse, often 2-3-fid ... ... . 4. (129) tanacetoides.

Erect, virgate, glabrous or nearly 80 :

Upper leaf-lobes 2—3-fid or tooth-lobed :

Pedicels and invol. glabrous ; heads

subcorymbose .. +. (130) achillezefolius.

Pedunc. and inyol. scabrous ; :

subsolitary -.. (131) serrurioides.

All the leaf-lobes 8 linear-elongate, ‘quite

( ) Heads discoid : (132) euryopoides.

Cc. Ol

Leaves bipinnati-partite :

Heads 30-40-fl , in few-headed corymbs ... (133) piunatifidus.

Heads 12-15-f. :

Suffr. quite erweres inv. se. rs, broad,

subacute ae ... (134) feeniculoides.

Herb., viscidulous ; inv. se 10-12, taper-

pointed, nairow ... .. (136) rhyncholenus.

Heads 4-6-4. in much branched, “fastigiate

bs ... (135) bipinnatus.

corym

Leaves pinnati-partite some simple, Tinear- elongate ae

Suffr. branching; branches virgate, leafy; leaf-

lobes few, long, slender... ... (137) panieculatus.

Many-stemmed ; stems simple, ascending, leafy

at base, leaf- lobes short; _—* leaves sae ‘pea

entire... . ... (138) multicaulis.

“g 8. LeprornyLul. Shrubs, suffrutices or herbaceous perennials, mostly branching-

Leaves linear, linear-filiform, or oblong- linear, mostly with revolute edges, entire or

sparsely toothed, glabrous or variably pubescent or woolly. Heads mostly corym-

bose, rarely solitary, radiate or discoid. Rays yellow or white. (Sp. 139-155-)

(a.) Heads discoid :

Leaves sessile, narrow-linear, not eared at base :

Glabrous in all parts“... . _. (139) angustifolius.

Woolly on branches, leaves, and involuere ... (140) niveus,

eared or strongly clasping at base :

——— pane. or tomentose beneath :

‘

Senecio. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 353

Hecuaw lvs. obtuse ; corymbs dense;

inv. woolly at base... (141) persicifolius.

Suffr. ; lvs, pungent mucronate ; 5 eorymbs

loose ; iny. glabrous... (142) mucronatus,

Leaves glabrous or cobwebbed :

Suffr.; lvs. entire, the small ear toothed

or entire 143) leptophyllus.

Herb. ; lvs. denticulate, the ear deeply ie a

ye toothed or lobed... (144) Diodon,

(o.) Heads radiate ; rays yellow, rarely white :

Herb.; lvs. serrate or unequally lobulate :

Lys. lanceolate, 10-12-toothed on each side... (145) Skirrhodon.

Lvs. elongate-linear, serrulate; heads racemose (146) serrulatus.

Lvs. linear, with revolute edges, unequally

toothed, shortly lobed or entire ... . (147) ineequidens,

Suffr.; lvs. linear-filiform (some with filiform lateral lobes) ; heads on very

long pedicels, or solitary: .

Rays white ; heads sc eorteag inv. of 12-1 3

scales... 28. (148) filifolius.

Rays yellow; hds. solitary; i inv. of 18-20 scales (149) debilis.

Shrub.; glabrous ; lvs. linear-elongate, quite entire,

tapering to each end; corymbs compound; rays § (150) longifolius.

Shrub. or suffr.; Is. linear or lance-linear, “ear-clasping at base, 1-3 lines

wide, with revolute edges :

Corymb densely a nites heads

small : :

Corymb loosely few-headed :

Stem branching, often rough ; lvs. close-set ;

achenes puberulous .. : (152) Burchellii,

Stem virgate ; lvs. glabrous, distant ; ach.

BURY 25> .-. (153) vimineus.

Stem branching ; ‘Ive. sparse : ach. glabrous (154) dracunculoides.

Heads solitary, on long peduncles; lvs. hairy... (155) hirtellus.

§ 9. Prytrotm. Small, rigid, perfectly glabrous shrubs. Leaves needle-shaped,

crowded, rigid, pungent. Heads solitary or ee: radiate or discoid; rays

yellow. (Sp. 156-157.)

.. (151) rosmarinifolius.

Heads radiate ... ... «.. ws. sss see (156) pinifolius,

SACS GiOOIE ooo, os iy we coe eae -. (187) triqueter.

§ 10. ScanDENTES. Climbing, EE or trailing suffrutices or herbaccous

perennials, mostly branching, and quite glabrous. Leaves petiolate, hastate, deltoid

or angle-lobed. "Haas corymbose or solitary, radiate or discoid ; fi. yellow. (Sp.

158-166.)

(a.) Heads discoid:

Heads in branching corymbs, 5—15-flowered :

Lvs. 5~7-angled or lobed ; inv. of 8-9 scales ... (158) mikanioides.

Lvs. deltoid-hastate; many-toothed ; inv. of § sc. (159) deltoideus.

Lys. ovate, toothed ; petiole channelled and

winged ; inv. sc. 12-1 5: w+ aes «+. (160) canalipes

6) Heads 1-5 amply calycled, 4o-s0-fl,. oes, acco (abI) saliauasitink

b.) Heads radia’

Heads oe ae amply calycled, 50-60-f1.:

Leaves deltoid or hastate, with 3-5 acuminate

ay co .. .. (162) macroglossus.

Lvs. luntly 3-5- lobed, “multidentate .. ... (163) bryonizfolius.

Heads corymbose, sparingly calycled, 10~30-f1. :

Scandent: leaves hastate, — toothed or

many-lobed, lobules acute — ... .-» +e. (164) tamoides,

VOL, 1, 23

354 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) | Senecio.

Half-erect, or scrambling ; lvs. ovate, tapering

at base, angle-lobed or subentire :

Petioles 1-24 inches long; inv. sc. 10-12;

dise-fl. 20, rays 4-6; achenes hispidulous (165) angulatus.

Petioles short; inv. sc. 8; disc-fl. 6-8; rays

3-4; achenes glabrous ... ... ... ... (166) brachypodus.

§ 11. KiErnoret. Shrubby or suffruticose, with thick or succulent stems. Leaves

succulent, cylindrical, semi-cylindrical or flattish, mostly quite entire, rarely some-

what toothed or lobed. Heads radiate, yellow. (Sp. 167-176.)

Leaves flat, subsinuate or imperfectly pinnate-lobed :

Lvs. lance-oblong or linear, entire or bluntly toothed;

$0908 fx sees asis aas ve one, «.. (167) subsinuatus.

Lys. various, sparingly and sharply toothed or lobed,

rays 8-10 s ... ++. (168) crassiusculus,

Leaves quite entire, broadly linear, or semi-terete :

Heads many, in a long-peduncled, thyrsoid raceme (169) pyramidatus.

Heads one or few, on simple or branched peduncles :

Stemless or short-stemmed ; ped. many times

longer than the leaves ... ... ... ... ... (170) seaposus.

Branching shrubs : pedunc. 2~3 times longer than the leaves :

Inv. calycled ; ach. hispidulous on the striae (171) aloides.

Invol. scarcely calycled ; achenes densely

pubescent: es ye Se ee ... (172) bulbinefolius.

Heads in simple or branched corymbs :

Leaves linear-elongate, tapering at base, acute (173) corymbiferus,

Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse ... ... ... +.» (175) sueculentus.

Heads on pedicels shorter than the mucronate leaves (175) cotyledonis.

Heads sessile, ending leafy branches; rays very short (176) acutifolius.

§ 12. Apnytut. Stem branching, glabrous, succulent, leajless, herbaceous. Heads

corymbose, radiate; rays yellow :

Branches long and virgate, bearing terminal corymbs (177) junceus.

§ 1, Annur. (Sp. 1-27.)

1. §. vulgaris (Linn. Sp. 1216); annual, somewhat cobwebby or

glabrous; stem erect, mostly branching; leaves stem-clasping, bluntly

pinnatifid and toothed; heads corymbose, crowded or scattered, cernuous,

discoid; inv. ovoid, calycled, of many slender, tapering scales; achenes

striate, hispidulous on the strie. ng. Bot. t.747. Fl. Dan. t. 513

DC. le. 341.

Has. A weed in cultivated ground, F. & Z.! (Herb. Sond.)

The common “ Grounsel” of Europe, now dispersed over the globe.

y¥ _ 2. 8. maritimus (Linn.); annual, procumbent or prostrate, much

branched, glabrous; leaves clasping at base, oblong-obovate, obtuse,

fleshy, veinless, calloso-denticulate; corymbs few-headed, at the ends

of the branches ; heads radiate; inv. calyculate, the scales glabrous,

oblong, acuminate, brown-tipped, membrane-edged; achenes setulose.

Th.! Cap. p. 680. DC. p. 434. 8. telephiifolius, Jacq.? fragm. t. 1, f- 3-

DC. 1. c. 380, S. ustulatus, Eckl. (ex pte.)

Var. 8. minor; half the size of var. a, less succulent; stem ascending, paniculate;

ne repand ; heads smaller than in a, with shorter rays. -

Sea shores round © wn, G i imon’s , Th » Papper

E.&Z., W.H.H., Wallich. B. Kalk Deo be Poppe! (Heh. Th., D. Hk, Sd.)

Stems 1-14 foot long ; in 8. 5-6 inches, usually prostrate, alternately much branch-

Senecio. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 355

ed, the branches long, subsimple, ending in a 3~5-headed corymb. Leaves rarely

over an inch or 14 inch long, very blunt, obscurely denticulate. 8. is much smaller

in all parts and less fleshy ; its iny. scales scarcely ustulate.

3. 8. littoreus (Thunb.! Cap. 681); annual, nearly glabrous; stem

erect, fistular, with spreading branches; leaves eared and stem-clasping

at base, oblong or oblong-hastate, or the lower ones pinnatifid, acute,

unequally toothed or incised, the serratures deltoid, callous-tipped ;

heads in a loose, corymbose panicle, radiate; inv. calyculate, the scales

glabrous, oblong-acuminate, brown-tipped, membrane-edged; achenes

striate, setulose. DC. 1. c. 379. S. arenarius, Th.! (ex pte.) p. 680. S.

ustulatus; DC. l. c. 380. S. heterophyllus, Drege! (in Hb. Sd.)

Var. §. hispidulus; stem and lower surface of leaves more or less rough with

swollen, white hairs; leaves often pinnatifid, sparingly eared and sometimes tapering

to the base. S. arenarius, Th.! (ex pte.) p. 680. (Herb. Sd., D., Cap.)

Has. Round Capetown, in sandy ground and near cultivation; Little Namaqua-

land and Saldanha Bay, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd., Cap.)

1-2 ft. high, loosely much branched, erect or spreading. Leaves 14-2 inches long,

very variable, in 8. the upper leaves are often obovate, in a, usually broad based, but

all forms occur indiscriminately together. Iny. scales brown or black-tipped, those

of the calycle either ciliate, pilose, or quite glabrous. Drege’s “‘ 8. ustulatus” DC. is

undistinguishable from this ; Eeklon’s (in Hb. Cap.) is S. maritimus, Linn.

4, §. laxus (DC.? 1. c. 381); annual, quite or nearly glabrous; stem

erect, fistular, angular, paniculately branched ; cauline leaves amply

eared and amplexicaul at base, narrow, acute, toothed, incised or pin-

natifid, the margin reflexed, lobes callous-denticulate ; panicle diffusely

much branched, many-headed; pedicels slender, nude; heads (small) ;

inv. 12-15-leaved, glabrous, calyculate; disc-fl. 20-30; rays 5-6;

achenes oblong, minutely downy-canescent, not striate.

Has. Olifant’s River, Drege! (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

2 ft. or more high, distantly branched, weak. Lower leaves unknown; medial 1-2

inches long, distant, the lobes 1-2 lines wide. Heads 2 lines long, the disc 14 wide.

With the foliage of S. littoreus, this has a much more diffusely branched panicle,

smaller fl.-heads; very narrow scales to the calyculus, and different achenes,

5. 8. ruderalis (Harv.); annual, glabrous; stem erect, branched, rigid,

angle-striate; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate orlanceolate, acute, tapering

to the base, distantly denticulate or subentire with subrevolute margins,

sometimesslightly eared at base; heads loosely corymbose, on long, sparsely

scaly pedicels, radiate; inv. calycled at base, glabrous, of 18-20 acute

scales; rays 12-15, revolute; dise fl. 50-60; achenes closely puberulous.

Has. Waste ground near Natal, 7. Williamson, J. Sanderson, 326, Gerr. & M‘K.,

324. Dr. W. B. Grant. Near Delagoa Bay, Capt. Speke. (Herb. D., Hk.)

1-1} ft. high, diffusely branched, the stems green. Leaves 2 inches long, 2-4

lines wide, rather rigid when dry, on both sides green. Inv. campanulate, 2-3 lines

long. Rays yellow, 4 lined.

6. S. abruptus (Thunb.! Cap. 685); annual, subglabrous or sparsely

hispidulous ; section weak, ae paniculately branched; leaves

half-clasping at base, oblong, deeply or sharply incised or pinnatifid,

the lobes or teeth oblong, spreading, subacute; the larger ones dentate ;

margins reflexed; infl. laxly panicled, the pedicels elongate, scarcely

a3"

356 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Senecio.

scaly; inv. naked at base or nearly so, glabrous, scales linear, acuminate,

2-3 ribbed; rays several, revolute; achenes striate, puberulous, S.hetero-

clinius, DC. 1, c. 380.

Var. £8. heterophyllus ; lower leaves toothed; upper narrower, linear, subentire.

S. heterophyllus, Th.! Cap. 679. DC.! l. c. 379.

Has. Sandy, moist ground in the Western Districts. Thunberg! Cape Flats, and

Stellenbosch, E.g 7./ Paarl, Drege! Berg R., Zeyher/ (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Habit of S. littoreus, but the leaves are commonly much more deeply pinnatifid,

(though varying much in this respect) and always known from that species by the

absence of calyculus, or the mere 1-2 minute bracteoles in its place. Leaves 13-2

inches long, the lobes 2-5 lines long, 2-4 lines wide. Panicle diffuse.

7. S. consanguineus (DC. 1. c. 381); ‘herbaceous, erect, branched ;

stem terete, minutely puberulous ; leaves glabrous, membranaceous,

sessile, ear-clasping, pinnatipartite, the lobes on each side 5—6, oblong,

obtuse, sinuate-toothed, some of the lower ones petioled, exauriculate ;

corymb loosely few-headed ; pedicels long, nude; iny. nude at base,

1o-leaved, scarcely puberulous, not torulose, equalling the disc; disc-fl.

about 20, rays 5, minute, revolute; achenes terete, pubescent.” DC. l. c.

Var. 8. major ; “larger and more hispid ; disc-fl. 30 ; rays 6-8.” DC...

Has. Near Verleptpram, on the Gariep, both vars. (Var. 8.in Herb., Hk., Sd.)

Stems in var. B. 1-1} feet, fistular, striate, minutely scaberulous. Leaves 1} inch

long, subpetiolate, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes in several pairs, horizontal, oblong,

sharply and unequally toothed or biserrate. Corymb rather close. Inv. scales

sparsely hispid, flat. Achenes pubescent. I have not seen var. a.

8. S. repandus (Thunb. Cap. 683); annual, weak, erect; stem erect,

scaberulous, with spreading branches; lower and medial leaves on long

petioles, auricled at base, thinly membranous, veiny, ovate or orbicular,

coarsely toothed, or lyrato-pinnatifid with a large terminal lobe and few

lateral lobes, the upper sessile, pinnatifid or entire ; inflorescence lax,

the heads on long, slender pedicels; inv. nearly nude at base, the scales

12-13, linear-lanceolate, shorter than the disc, acuminate, scabrous,

brown-tipped ; rays 7-10, spreading ; achenes minutely downy. DOC.

: c. oe Also S. membranifolius, DC./ l.c. and S. inconstans, DC.!

en 02.

Van. 8. erodiifolius ; dwarf, diffuse ; leaves commonly lyrate ; pedicels few. -

eroditfolius, DC./ l. c. 381. Cineraria pumila, Thunb, Cap. p. 672.

Has, At the Paarl, Thunberg, Drege/ Clanwilliam, Ecklon! Simonstown, C.

Wright, 300 (inv. se. glabrate!) (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

3-12 inches high, very pale and tender. Leaves, with their petioles, 2-24 inches

long in the larger specimens, 4 that size in the dwarf, varying from simple to lyrate-

pinnatifid. Pedicels 2-3 inches long. Heads 4 lines long, 24 broad: inv. usually

quite nude, sometimes with one or two small bracteoles at base. No specimen of

**S. repandus” exists in Thunberg’s Herbarium, but his description agrees with our

plant. I describe chiefly from Z. & Z.’s specimens of “S. membranifolius,” as being

the best in condition of those enumerated, which however all appear to belong to the

same species. I have only seen a scrap of “‘S. repandus,” DC.

_ 9, 8. Lessingii (Harv.); annual, erect, branching; stem and branches

terete, striate, puberulous, especially the young parts ; leaves on long

petioles, oblong or obovate, repand or obsoletely crenate, membranous,

veiny, glabrous or nearly so; petioles not eared at base, scarcely clasping;

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv. ) 357

heads loosely corymbose, on pubescent pedicels ; inv. of 12-14 broad,

black-tipped, striate scales, calycled with several flat, ciliate, black-

tipped bracteoles ; rays several ; achenes puberulous. S. repandus, ex

pte. Herb. Th.! S. petiolaris, Less.! in Hb. Th. MSS., non DC. ‘

Has. Cape, Thunberg. (Herb. Th.)

Described from a specimen in Hb. Th. marked “ 8. repandus, 2,” but well distin-

guished from that species by the amply calycled involucres, &c. Petioles 1-14 inch

long ; lamina 1-1} in. long, }-1 in. wide, more or less te-att te at base.

Heads rather large, like those of 8. littoreus.

10, S. lobelioides (DC. 1. c. 382); “herbaceous, erect, branched, quite

glabrous ; stem terete ; lower leaves petioled, cordate, toothed; upper

sessile, cordate-amplexicaul, toothed; corymb few-headed, the pedicels

nude; inv. cylindrical, smooth, nearly nude at base, equalling the disc ;

scales 9-10, barbellate at tip ; disc-fl. 25, rays 3, very small; achenes

pubescent.” DC. le.

Has. Zilverfontein, Drege! (Unknown to me.)

** 6-9 inches high. Heads 3-4 lines long; Fl. pale-yellow.” DC.

11. S. erysimoides (DC. 1. c. 382); annual, glabrous or nearly so ;

stem erect, branched, angle-furrowed above; lower leaves petioled, ovate,

sinuate, the rest sessile, ear-clasping at base, deeply pinnatifid or pin-

nati-partite, thin, the lobes in 5-9 pairs, spreading, some entire, some

sharply toothed, acute, mucronate ; corymb lax, pedicels slender ; inv.

glabrous, calycled with a few black-tipped, shortly subulate bracteoles,

13—15-scaled ; rays 8-10, spreading, 4-ribbed, longer than the involu-

cre; achenes striate, minutely downy.

Has. Zwarteberg, Drege! (Herb. Sd.)

Of this I have only seen two upper leaves and a few fi. heads. The latter differ

from those of S. cardaminifolius by the longer rays, and black-tipped, broader, and

shorter bracteoles. De Candolle also compares it with his S. inconstans and S. con-

sone Zeyher’s 2971, var. 8B. (Herb. Sd.), from Hassagay’s Kloof, comes very

near

12. §. cardaminifolius (DC.! 1. c. 382); annual, glabrous or nearly

so, erect, branched ; stem weak, rib-striate ; leaves eared at base, of thin

substance, the lower ones petioled, ovate or oblong, coarsely dentate,

the upper subsessile, tapering to the base, deeply pinnatifid or pinnati-

sect, the lobes in 3-4 pair, horizontally patent, subulate, acute, mucro-

nate, quite entire; corymb rather close, pedicels short ; inv. glabrous,

of 12-15 scales, calycled with a few very slender, setaceo-subulate

bracteoles ; rays 6-8, shorter than the invol; achenes pubescent.

Has. Zilverfontein, Drege! (Herb. D , Sd., Hk., Cap.)

A weak annual, 6-12 inches high or more, with thinly membranous, pale leaves.

Leaves 1-14 inch long, the lower ones j-1 inch wide. Inv. 2 lines long ; rays 14,

at length revolute.

13. 8. sophioides (DC.! 1. c. 382); annual, sparsely hispid or gla-

brescent ; stem erect, branching, angular ; leaves half-clasping at base,

bipinnatipartite, shortly petioled, the lobes narrow-linear, with revolute

margins, elongate, some simple, some laxly pinnulated, all callous-tipped;

infl. subsimple, the pedicels terminal, elongated, slender, pubescent;

358 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Senecio.

inv. of 12-13 acute, scabro-pubescent scales, nude or scarcely calycled ;

fl. 40-50; rays several, purple / (or “pale” DC. ;) achenes striate, downy.

Has. Districts of Caledon and Swellendam, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd., Cap.) ;

. 6-12 inches high, much branched. Leaves 14-2 inches long, the lowermost bi-

pinnate, the upper varying to pinnate ; lobes 4 line wide, tipped with a remarkable

callus. Rays in an original specimen, in Hb. Sd., marked by De Candolle, distinctly

purple; in another in Hb. Cap., as clearly pale, and probably faded ; or does it vary

with purple and yellow rays? In other respects the specimens are identical.

14, §. tenellus (DC. 1. c. 379); ‘annual, erect, branched, glabrescent,

slender; leaves linear, acute, quite entire, subscabrid ; fl, branches long,

nude, one-headed ; inv. uniseriate, of 12-13, linear, acute, membrane-

edged scales.” DC. . ¢.

Has. Cape, Boissier. (Unknown to me.)

“ A minute annual (3-6 inches high’). Leaves 4-6 lines long, 3 line wide. Heads

scarcely 3 lines diam., pale-yellow.” Is not this a dwarf state of S. levigatus?

15, S. levigatus (Thunb.! Cap. 686); annual, nearly glabrous; stem

erect, rigid, angle-striate, paniculately branched ; leaves clasping at base,

narrow-linear, with more or less revolute margins, the upper ones often

entire, the medial and lower pinnati-partite, with few linear lobes, or

inciso-lobulate ; lobes quite entire ; branches elongate, nearly nude,

one-headed ; inv. calyculate, the scales linear, acuminate, glabrous; rays

several ; achenes pubescent. DC. 1. c. 382. Also S. plebeius, DC.! 1. ¢.

379 (fide Sp. Eckl.!)

Var. 8, integrifolius; leaves undivided, linear, with revolute margins, glabrous.

(Herb. D.)

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Langekloof, Burchell, Krebs, E. § Z.! Simonsbay, C.

Wright! 299. Var. B. Albany, T. Cooper, 9, 12. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)

About a foot high, rigid, and almost ligneous at base, paniculately much branched,

slender. Leaves 1-13 inch long, the lobes not a line diameter, rigid, glabrous or

scaberulous. Fl. branches 24-4 inches long, filiform. Heads 3 lines diam. I have

not seen Burchell’s plant, but Lcklon’s is the same as Thunberg’s.

16. S. matricariefolius (DC. ? 1. c. 383); annual, diffuse, glabrous

or nearly so; branches angle-furrowed ; leaves bipinnatisect, the lower

petioled, the rest ear-clasping at base, lobes narrow, sharply pinnatisect

or inciso-dentate, spreading (sparsely pilose beneath) ; pedicels few,

long, slender, scaly ; inv. glabrous, calycled with brown-tipped, ciliolate

bracteoles, 10-12-scaled ; rays several, spreading, longer than the invol.,

4-nerved ; achenes striate, cano-puberulous. 8. jilipes, Turez. Bull.

Mose. XXIV. II. p. 87. Walp. Ann. V. p. 336.

Has. Zwarteberg, near Klaarstroom, Drege. Hassaquaskloof, Zeyher! (Hb Sd.)

I have not seen Drege’s plant, described by DC. ; but that of Zeyher (S. filipes,

Tez.!) so nearly agrees with De Candolle’s description, differing seemingly in not

a eg glabrous, that I venture to consider it the same. Stems many from the

inches long, widely spreading. Leaves 1-1} inches long, their lobes not

a line in breadth, sharply multifid. Pedicels 3 inches long.

17. S. trachylenus (Harv.); annual, nearly glabrous except on the

inflorescence ; stem erect, leafy ; leaves sessile, half-clasping at base,

glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes in 3-5 pair, broadly linear or

oblong, subacute, entire or toothed with revolute margins ; apew of the

Senecio. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 359

stem, flowering branches, bractec, pedicels and involucres all equally and

densely clothed with gland-tipped, rigid hairs; inv. of 16-18 narrow,

acute scales, nearly or quite nude at base, pale ; rays 8-10, revolute,

yellow ; achenes striate, puberulous.

Has. Bitterfontyn, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

Probably branching, panicl corymbose; perhaps 1-1} ft. high. I have only

seen a small and evidently dwarfed specimen, unbranched, about § inches high,

bearing 2 fl. heads. The glandular pubescence on the inflorescence, combined with

the glabrous stem and foliage, seems to me, however, to mark this plant so definitely

that I venture to found a species on very imperfect data.

18. §. diffusus (Thunb. ! Cap. 686); annual, diffuse, much-branched, |

aspero-pubescent, glandular; lower leaves bipinnatisect, the lobes

multifid, divaricate, narrow linear; upper ear-clasping at base, inciso-

pinnatifid, with entire or toothed lobes; heads few, on long, more or

less sealy pedicels; inv. of 12-15, scabrous, linear-acuminate scales,

calycled with few or several subulate, often ciliate bracteoles ; rays

several, spreading, scarcely equalling the inv., 4-nerved; achenes striate,

the striz minutely puberulous. S. chamemelifolius, DC.! 1. ¢. 383.

Has. Zwartland, Thunberg. Konstapel, Drege! (Herb. Th., Sd.)

Stems many from the base, decumbent or ascending, 6-8 inches long, branched.

Leaves 1-1} inch long; the lobes 4 line wide. Rays pale yellow. Thunberg’s

original specimen so nearly accords with Drege’s that I venture to refer S. chame-

melifolius, DC. to the older species; the imperfect specimen of it (in Hb. Sd.) which

alone I have seen, chiefly differs in its less compound leaves and more copious

calycle-bracts.

19, S. Paarlensis (DC ! 1. c. 383); annual, erect, much branched,

aspero-pubescent ; stem weak, angle-furrowed; leaves clasping at base,

the lower petioled, sub-bipinnatisect, the upper sessile, pinnatisect, the

lobes 4—5-pair, spreading, narrow-linear, acute, entire or toothed ; infl.

loosely panicled, the pedicels elongate, nude or 1-2-squamellate ; inv.

of 12-13 scabrous, linear, acute scales, nearly nude at base or 1-2-

bracteolate ; rays 8-10, spreading, 4-nerved, as long as the involucre ;

achenes striate, elongate, tapering upwards, cano-puberulous on the

striz.

Has. At the Paarl, Drege / R. Zondereinde, Zey.! 2971 (ex pte.) (Hb Hk., Sd.)

6 inches to 14-2 feet high, panicled. Leaves 1-1} inch long, the lobes 4-1 line

wide. Iny. 3-4 lines long ; rays deep or pale yellow, sometimes fulvous when dry,

A specimen (Hb. Sd.) from Drege seems different, having a glabrous and calycled

involucre ; but it isin an immature state, and therefore doubtful: Drege’s sp. in Hb.

Hk. agrees with our plant.

20. S. puberulus (DC.! 1. c. 380); “herbaceous, erect, sparingly

branched, nearly all parts roughly pubescent ; branches striate, the

upper long, 1-headed, nude ; leaves lance-linear, toothed or entire, acute,

the lower tapering at base, the others sessile ; heads on long pedicels ;

invol. sparingly calyeulate, 16—20-leaved, glabrescent, scarcely shorter

than the disc ; dise fl. 30-40, rays about 10; achenes terete, striate,

minutely pubescent.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Albany, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

21. S. sisymbrifolius (DC. 1. c. 382); annual, viscoso-pubescent; stem

360 . COMPOSITz (Harv.) [ Senecio.

erect, branching ; leaves half-clasping at base, long-petioled, some ovate-

oblong, sinuate toothed or incised, some pinnatipartite with a large ter-

minal lobe; infl. laxly panicled, subcorymbose, the pedicels long and

slender; inv. scarcely calyculate, 10o-12-scaled, glandularly-pubescent ;

disc-fl. 20-30, rays 5, long, 4-nerved, spreading; achenes pubescent on

the strie. -

Has. Between Kaus and the Gariep, Drege! (Herb. Hk.)

6-10 inches high, slender. Petioles 1-14 inch long, 1 line wide ; lamina uncial.

Inv. 3 lines long ; the exserted portion of the yellow ray 4 lines.

22. S. glutinarius (DC.! 1. c. 381); annual, viscoso-pubescent, pilose

with swollen hairs; stem erect, fistular, panicled upwards ; leaves eared

and clasping at base, oblong, sinuate-toothed or bluntly pinnatifid,

thickish, on both sides hairy ; infl. subcorymbose, rather dense, the

heads on short pedicels; invol. of 10-12 scales, subcalyculate, glabrous,

the scales oblong, acute ; disc fl. 20-30, rays few, short and revolute ;

achenes striate, puberulous. S. glutinosus, EZ. Mey / (non Th.)

Has, Saldanha Bay, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A foot or more high, much branched, viscidulous. Leaves (not in good state in

our specimens) 1-14 inch long, 4-1 inch wide. Heads small; inv. 24 lines long.

Rays very short. Known among allied species by its perfectly glabrous involucre

and viscid pubescence of the parts.

23. S. glutinosus (Th.! Cap. 684); annual, in all parts viscoso-pubes-

cent ; stem erect, robust, fistular above, panicled upwards ; leaves ob-

tusely pinnatifid, elongate, the lowermost petioled, the upper amplexicaul

and eared at base, sinuses rounded, lobes blunt, and bluntly toothed or

repand, short; panicle lax, subcorymbose, the pedicels long, glandular;

invol, either nude at base or 1~-2-bracteolate, the scales numerous,

linear-acuminate, glandularly pubescent; rays yellow, spreading or

revolute ; achenes striate, minutely pilose. DC. /. c. p. 381.

Var. 8, inamenus; lvs. (in outline) oblong-obovate, their lobes deeper and longer

than in a.; infl. corymbose. SS. inamenus, DC. ! 1. c. 382. Zey.! 2964 (starved ).

Var. y. brachyglossus ; stem more rigid, subsimple ; lys. narrower, with short

lobes ; inv. scales sparsely setulose ; rays short, revolute. S. brachyglossus, Turez.!

Bull. Mose. XXIV. I. p. 87. Walp. Ann. 5, p. 336. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Has. Table Mountain and round Capetown, Thunberg! Ecklon (ex pte.), W.H.H.

Ra ggtad ere R., Uitenhage, £.é Z.! y. Caledon River, Ecklon! (Herb. Th.,

-» Hk., Sd.)

1-2 or 3 ft, high, or 2-3 inches when starved, covered in all parts with short,

glandular pubescence. Lower leaves (in large specimens) 6-8 inches long, uppeT

2-3 inches ; very variable in size, tolerably constant to an oblong form, deeply but

bluntly cut, with very round spaces between the lobes. In foliage and other cha-

racters this greatly resembles 8, hastulatus, with which it is often confounded in

Herbaria ; but that has a perennial, thick rhizome, and numerous radical leaves.

24. S. elegans (Linn! Sp. 1218); annual, viscoso-pubescent, erect

or diffuse, paniculately branched; leaves ear-clasping at base, petioled,

polymorphous (either oblong subentire or toothed, lyrate, pinnatifid,

pinnati-partite or bipinnati-partite, with cuneate, toothed or incise lobes

or lobules); corymb laxly several headed, the pedicels long and scaly;

heads radiate, many-fl., the disc yellow, rays purple; inv. calycled with

many broad ciliate black-tipped bracteoles, of 12-15 broadly linear,

Senecio. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 361

flat, glabrous, or pilose, black-tipped scales ; achenes striate, puberulous.

Willd. Sp. 3.1990. Bot. Mag.t.238. S.pseudo-elegans, Less.! DC. luc. 407.

VaR. a, erectus ; stem erect, slender, leaves more frequently pinnate or bipinnati-

partite; inv. scales glabrous! S. carnosus, ex pte., Th.! Herb. 8. pseudo-elegans, Less. !

Syn. 391. DC./ 1. ¢. 407. S. elegans, Willd, Bot. Mag. t. 238. Seba, Thes. 1. t. 22.

f. 1. 8S. elegans B. Linn.

Var. 8, diffusus; stem diffuse, thick and rigid, roughly pubescent ; leaves more yp

frequently lyrate, with a large terminal lobe ; iny. scales piloso-scabrous! S. carnosus, —

ex pte. Th.! Herb. DC. 1. ¢. p. 409.

Has. Sandy ground round Capetown and in the Western Districts, Drege! Eckl./

Zey.! W. H. H., C. Wright 312, 317. Cultivated in Europe. Var. 8. near the sea

shore, Thunb.! Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 ft. high, the larger specimens much branched. Leaves 14-3 inches

long, extremely varied in shape and degree of incision. Inv. truncate at base; the

numerous bracteoles of the calycle 1-2 lines long; the scales 56 lines long. Rays

showy. A var. with double flowers is the well-known ‘‘ American Grounsel,” of

Engl. gardens; why called ‘‘ American” I know not. The wild plant seems con-

stantly annual; the cultivated variety may be kept for 2 or more years.

Mr. Kippist has kindly furnished me with the following note, as the result of his

examination of the Linnzan specimens of ‘ Senecio elegans :” it seems to establish the

incorrectness of Lessing’s change of name to “ pseudo-elegans.” ‘I find [in the

Linnzan Cabinets] two plants pmned together, both marked S, elegans in Linnzus’s

own hand. There is no habitat to either, nor any information as to the history of

the specimens. ‘The first sheet, however, having the No. ‘ 13’ (corresponding with

the 1st Ed. of the Sp. Pl.) prefixed to the name elegans must be taken as the type

specimen, and this is assuredly the pseudo-elegans of Less., the calyx being most dis-

tinctly bicalyculate, glabrous, with the outer scales serrulato-ciliate, and each of the

pedicels bearing 4-5 squame. Why Lessing should have changed the name, I

know not, especially as, in all three of the figures quoted by Linnzeus, and even in

Commelin’s wretched plate, the invol. is clearly bicalyculate. * * * Linnzus sub-

sequently introduced into his herbarium, with the name ‘8. elegans,’ a totally different

plant, with the aphyllous pedicels and a uniseriate, hairy involucre; apparently

agreeing with S. elegans, . viscosissimus, DC.”—The error perhaps originated with

Thunberg who gave the name carnosus to the plant with bicalyculate involucres ; and

the names S. elegans, S. arenariusand S,myrrhifolius to that with uniseriate involucres.

25. S. multibracteatus (Harv.); annual, sparsely pubescent, viscidu-

lous above, erect; stem terete; cauline leaves sessile, not auricled,

lanceolate, coarsely few-toothed, tapering at base, glabrous or nearly

so, with scarcely reflexed margins ; rameal leaves stem-clasping, coarsely

toothed at base, acuminate, more or less scabrid ; heads subcorymbose,

on very long, copiously scaly pedicels ; inv. of many dark-tipped, gla-

brous scales, amply calycled with many imbricating, lanceolate bracte-

oles nearly equalling the inv. scales; disc yellow, rays purple.

Has. Bethelsdorp, Zeyher! 2962. (Herb. Sond.)

Marked perennial by Zeyher; but the root looks like that of an annual. Stem

1-1} f. high, branched above. Leaves 2-24 inches long, 4-5 lines wide, the teeth

deltoid, distant. The pedicels toward the fi. head are very scaly and the calycle

nearly as long as the involucre, by which characters and the form of leaves this is

known from 8. elegans.

26. S. arenarius (Th! Cap. 680, ex pte ) ; annual, viscoso-pubescent,

erect, paniculately branched ; leaves petioled, more or less clasping at

base, polymorphous (either oblong or obovate, subentire or toothed,

lyrate, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with cuneate, toothed or incised lobes :)

‘

362 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Senecio.

corymb laxly several-headed, the pedicels long and scaly ; heads radiate,

30-50-fl., the dise yellow, rays purple; inv. nearly nude at base, of

12-13 narrow, keeled, scabrous scales; achenes tapering, striate, puberu-

lous. S. elegans, Th.! Cap. 785, Less. Syn. 391. (ewel. syn. Linn. )

C.! 1.¢. 408. S. myrrhifolius, Th. ! Cap. 685. S. Volkamert, Sch. Bip.

Has. Sandy ground near Capetown and in the Western Districts, common.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ?

A smaller and more slender plant than S. elegans, from which it is at once dis-

tinguished by its very dissimilar involucres. Stems 3-18 inches high, weak.

Thunberg, both in his Herb. and Flora, confounds with it S. elegans and a hispidu-

lous form of 8S. littoreus: and gives the name myrrhifolius to specimens with more

divided leaves. Of the synonyms at my disposal, I adopt arenarius, as being most

appropriate.

27. S. cakilefolins (DC. 1. c. 408); “annual, herbaceous, glabrous,

erect; leaves sessile, ear-clasping, pinnatipartite, the lobes obtuse, the

margin here and there revolute, fleshy ; corymb subfastigiate, branched,

pedicels nearly nude; iny. 1-seriate, not calycled, of 20-24 linear

scales.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Silverfontein, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

Allied to S. arenarius, from which it differs by its glabrous surface and larger

fl. heads. P

§ 2. Smnvost. (Sp. 28-49.)

28. S. macrocephalus (DC.! 1. c. 407); perennial, glandular and

more or less pilose with long, soft, jointed hairs; radical and lower

leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, narrowed to the base, but not petioled,

irregularly toothed or repand ; stem herbaceous, ascending, leafy, sub-

simple, racemose at the summit ; cauline leaves clasping, oblong, sub-

dentate, obtuse or acute; heads in a simple or slightly branched raceme

or thyrsus, pedicels not twice as long as the head ; inv. sparingly caly-

cled with a very few long, narrow bracteoles, of 18-20 narrow pilose

or hirsute scales; heads radiate, 60-80-fl., disc and ray purple; achenes

striate, pubescent.

8. hirsutissimus ; upper part of stem, pedicels and involucres, shaggy with very

copious, long, soft, jointed hairs. (Herb. D.)

Has. Katberg and betw. Key and Buffel River, Drege! Natal, J. Sanderson, 56.

Dr. Sutherland! B. Betw. Basche and Key, Drege! Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very near S, concolor, from which it is chiefly known by its simpler and more leafy

stems ; racemose inflorescence, sessile (or very obscurely petioled) lower leaves, and

somewhat larger fi. heads. Var. 8. is remarkable for its excessive indument, re-

sembling that of some of the Andean Culcitia. It only differs from S. thyrsoideus

by its rayed fl. heads,

29. S. concolor (DC.! 1. c. 407); perennial, glandular, and more or

less copiously clothed with soft, jointed hairs; radical and lower leaves

petioled, oblong, obtuse, either toothed, incised or lyrato-pinnatifid, with

short, blunt lobes; stem herbaceous, ascending, weak, leafy below, nude

and subdichotomous above; cauline leaves ear-clasping, oblong or linear,

toothed or subentire; corymbs laxly few-headed, the pedicels long; Inv.

nearly nude at base, of 15-20 narrow, pilose scales ; heads radiate,

50-f1., dise and ray purple ; achenes striate, puberulous.

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 363

Var. 8. hispidus; copiously clothed with long, soft, jointed hairs ; lower leaves

oblong, toothed.

Var. 7. lyratus; pubescence shorter and more scanty ; lower lvs. lyrato-pinnatifid.

Has. Near Tulbagh and in the Zuureberg, Drege. 8. Abundant throughout Uit-

enhage and Albany ; in Br. Caffraria, Eckl.! D’ Urban! Hutton! Genl. Bolton! &c.

Natal, Gueinzius/ Sanderson, &c. ‘y. Simonstown, C. Wright! 309. Modderlagd,

Zey.! 941. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Similar in habit to S. erubescens, from which it is known by its radiate heads, and

usually by its more glandular and pilose pubescence. Var. 8. is very abundant and

ought perhaps to be regarded as the type of the species. Of DO.’s typical form T

have only seen a single specimen (Hb. Hook.) of Drege’s “ C.” (from Katberg) ; it

is incomplete, but looks as if it belonged to a different species.

30. S. erubescens (Ait. Kew 1, v. 3, p. 190) ; perennial, glandularly

pubescent, viscidulous ; radical and subradical leaves petioled, poly-

morphous (oblong, obovate or lyrato-pinnatisect, with short, toothed,

lateral lobes and wide interspaces); stem herbaceous, ascending, weak,

laxly leafy below, nude, pedunculoid and dichotomous above ; cauline

leaves ear-clasping, oblong or linear, toothed or subentire, or inciso-

pinnatifid; corymbs laxly few-headed, the pedicels elongate; inv. very

sparingly calycled, of 12-15 narrow, scabrid scales; heads discoid,

30-50-fi. ; achenes striate, more or less pubescent or pilose. DC. Z. ¢.

406. S. vernonioides, Sch. B. Bot. Zeit. 27, p. 701.

Var. a. lyratus ; lower leaves lyrato-pinnatifid ; upper incised. (Hb. D., Hk.)

Var. 8. dichotomus (DC.); lower leaves shortly petioled, oblong or obovate,

toothed, repand or subentire. Jacobea scabra, Thunb.! Cap.677. Sen. adfinis, Less. !

in Hb. Th. MSS. (Hb., D., Th., Sd.)

Var. +. crepidifolius (DC.) ; leaves on longish petioles, oblong or obovate, more

orless toothed. Senecio variabilis, Sch.! Bip. Bot. Zeit. 27, p. 700. (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Var. 5? incisus (DC.); stem ascending, leafy below, nude and subdichotomous

above ; leaves scabrous and pilose with jointed hairs, sharply toothed and incised.

(Herb. D., Sd.)

Has. Throughout the Colony, and in Caffraria and Natal. Var. a, near Capetown,

W.H. H. B, Hott. Holland, #cki.! Karrega R., Albany, Zey./ 942. Buffeljadgts

R., Zey.! 2972, ex pte. y. common at Natal, Krauss! Gueinzius! Gerr. & M‘K. 311,

842 ee ae * Ft. Bowker, H. Bowker! 566. Humansdorp, Dr. Pappe. (Herb.

aa, D. ., od.

Radical and lower leaves 2-3, rarely 4 inches long. Stem 1-14 f. high, weak,

nude for half its length or more; except in 3, which also differs from other varieties

byits pilose indument, like that of S. thyrsoides in some respects. Corymbs 3—9-headed,

very lax.—Like S. purpureus in miniature, especially our var. a; but much smaller,

weaker, with more simple infl., rather longer involucres, and pubescent (not glabrous)

achenes. The lower leaves vary much in form.

$1. S. purpureus (Linn. Sp. 1215); perennial, glandularly pubescent,

viscidulous; stem herbaceous, erect, tall, leafy, corymboso-paniculate at

the summit; radical and lowest cauline leaves petiolate, elongate, lyrato-

pinnatifid, tapering at base, the terminal lobe large and inciso-lobulate,

the lateral short and broad, irregularly toothed or repand, with very wide

rounded interspaces; medial and upper cauline leaves sessile, ear-clasping

oblong, or lyrate or pinnatifid, toothed or repand; callous-denticulate ;

infl. compound, the partial corymbs densely many-headed; inv. nearly

nude at base, of ro—13 scabrous scales, shorter than the fl. ; heads discoid,

40-50 fl.; achenes striate, glabrous. DC./ I. c. 406 (excl. syn. Thunb.

364 COMPOSITZ (Hary.) [ Senecio.

et Berg?) Jacq. Ie. Rar. 3. t. 580. S. mucronulatus, Sch. Bip. Bot. Zeit.

27. p. 7Ol.

Has. Moist places. Various localities on and round Table Mt., Mundt./ Bowie/

Eckl.! Drege! Cape Flats. Dutoits Kloof, and Kl, Draakenstein, Drege, Pletten-

berg Bay, Dr. Pappe! Vanstaaden Mts., Uit., Zey. ! 2972,ex pte. (Herb. D.,Sd., Hk.)

Stem 3-4 ft. high, strictly herbaceous, fistular upwards. Lowest leaves, with

their petiole, 12-18 inches long. the terminal lobe 3-4 inches wide. Upper cauline

leaves 2-4. inches long, 3-14 inch wide. Heads very numerous, 3-4 lines long.

Thunberg’s ‘‘ Jacobea purpurea” (by description) must be different; but I cannot

find it in his Herb.

32. S. odontopterus (DC. ! 1. c. 406); in all respects like S. purpureus,

except that the cauline leaves are more or less prolonged at base, into

a decurrent, toothed or incised, vanishing stem-wing.

Has. On the Paarl Mt., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

I have not seen the radical leaves, which seem, by description, to be identical

with those of 8S. purpureus: the decurrent character of the cauline leaves varies con-

siderably, and I find no difference in the floral characters or in the achenes; this

probably, therefore, ought to rank as a mere var. of S. purpureus,

33. S. glabrifolius (DC. 1. c. 406); “ herbaceous, erect, branched,

glabrous ; fl. branches terete, nude, 1-headed, sparsely scaly under the

head; leaves crowded at the base of the stem, petiolate, pinnatipartite,

the lobes incised, often trifid, heads about 25-fl., discoid ; inv. nude at

base, of 12-15 scales shorter than the disc ; achenes black, oblong, sub-

compressed, with sparse, whitish pubescence ; corollas tipped with red.”

DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Kamiesberg, Drege.

Unknown to me, except by a frustule, without fl. heads, in Hb, Sd.

84. 8. barbatus (DC. 1. c. 406); perennial, the stem, leaves, pedicels,

and iny. scales pilose, with long, jointed, soft hairs; stem ascending, sim-

ple, closely leafy throughout; lower leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at

base, medial linear-oblong, sessile, both toothed; upper linear or lance-

linear, subentire, with slightly revolute margins; pedicels several, sub-

corymbose, terminal, rising among the upper leaves, and scarcely longer;

heads discoid, many-fl.; inv. calycled with a few, very slender, filiform

bracteoles, of 12-18 linear, scabrous, and pilose scales; achenes cano-

pubescent.

Haz. Katberg, 4~5000 ft., Drege: same range, at 2000 ft., 7. Hutton! (Hb. D.)

Stems several from the crown, at first decumbent, then suberect, 6-12 inches long.

Leaves closely imbricating, 2-3 inches long, 4-5 lines wide, gradually smaller and

narrower upwards; all but the uppermost ones toothed. The hairs which are copl-

ously scattered over all the young parts are very distinctly jointed, and nearly 1}

line long, Invol. § lines long. Flowers bluish-purple; according to Mr. Hutton,

blue.” A remarkable and seemingly rare species ; I have only seen the specimen

collected by Mr. Hutton, who found but one root. It is nearly allied to S. thyrsov-

deus, but looks different.

35. S. thyrsoideus (DC.! 1. c. 406); perennial, the stem, leaves, pedi-

_ eels, and inv. scales pilose with long, jointed, soft hairs ; radical leaves

rosulate, numerous, lanceolate or oblongo-lanceolate, narrowed toward

the base, repand-toothed or subentire; stem ascending-erect, ending 0

Senecio. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 365

a thyrsoid, many-headed panicle; cauline leaves scattered, linear, erect,

with recurved margins; heads discoid, many-fl.; invol. calycled with a

few very slender, filiform bracteoles, of 12-15 linear, scabrous, and pilose

scales ; achenes minutely puberulous.

Var. 8, monticolus (DC.); leaves more sparingly pilose ; raceme simple ; achenes

more thickly downy. :

Has. Kaffirland, Ecklon! Winterberg, Mrs. F. W. Barber, 416. B, on the Wit-

berg. 7-8000 ft., Drege. (Herb. Sond. D.)

Rootstock not woolly. Rad. leaves many, 2-3 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, mostly

acute. Stem 10-12 inches high. Cauline leaves laxly set, 1-14 inch long, 1 line

wide. Invol. 5 lines long. Pubescence of the achenes close and short. I have not

seen var 8, which DC. suggests may prove a distinct species. S. thyrsoideus differs

more by habit, and the very narrow and lax cauline leaves, than by any more defi-

me character from S. barbatus. It is also like S. macrocephalus, but has discoid fl.-

eads,

36. S, Sandersoni (Hary.); perennial, glandularly pubescent, visci-

dulous; radical leaves none; stem herbaceous, thick and strong but

fistular, closely leafy nearly to the summit, simple ; leaves sessile,

shortly adnate-decurrent at base, oblongo-lanceolate, subacute, spread-

ing, coarsely and unequally toothed, very scabrid ; heads several, in a

subsimple, scarcely peduncled raceme, discoid, many-fl.; inv. sparingly

calycled at base, of about 20 linear, scabrous scales equalling the disc ;

achenes copiously cano-villous.

Has. Natal, J. Sanderson! 462. (Herb. D., Hk.)

Stem 2 ft. high or more, 4-5 lines in diam. below, 2-3 lines thick above, equally

and closely leafy throughout. Leaves 2-2} inches long, 4-5 lines wide, with broad,

deflexed ears at base, which are adnate to the stem. Inv. 3 inch long, 4 lines diam.

Heads with upwards of 100 fl. This has something of the habit of S. barbatus, with

the inflorescence of S. thyrsoideus ; but differs from both in foliage and pubescence.

Its stems are very thick and strong for a herbaceous plant.

37. S. incomptus (DC. 1. c. 386); glabrous ; rhizome ligneous, nude;

stem herbaceous, rigid, terete, much branched from the base, sub-

dichotomous ; “ lowest leaves petioled” (DC.); upper sessile, oblong,

inciso-pinnatifid or coarsely serrate, the lobes or teeth on each side

3-5-9, short, acute, toothed or entire; infl. subdichotomous ; heads on

short, rigid pedicels, discoid, 12-20-fl. ; inv. narrow, cylindrical, spar-

ingly calycled, of 8-10, smooth, flattish, narrow scales; achenes striate,

cano-puberulous.

Var. f. serratus; upper leaves serrate, the teeth 7-9 on each side. S. serratus,

E. Mey., fide DC.

Has. Betw. the Zack and Gariep, Burchell, 1544. Near Cradock, on the Gt.

Fish River, and near Uitvlugt, Burke § Zey.! Zey.! 1034. 8. betw. Rhinosterkopf

and Ganzefontein, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) :

Stems 5-8 inches high, much-branched and rigid. Leaves small, 1-1} inch long.

Inv. 4 inch, 2-2} lines across. Not like any of this section in habit.

88. S. asperulus (DC.! 1. c. 386); whole plant very scabrous, pu-

bescent ; rootstock not woolly ; radical and lowest cauline leaves

linear-lanceolate, elongate, acute or acuminate, tapering much at base

and more or less petioled, rigid, calloso-denticulate, or serrate, with

reflexed margins, one-nerved ; stem erect, herbaceous, laxly leafy, few-

366 COMPOSITE (Harv.) | Senecio.

headed; cauline leaves half-clasping, erect, linear-acuminate or subulate,

with strongly revolute margins ; heads discoid, roo-fl. or more; inv.

scabrous, calycled, of 12-20 linear, acuminate, keeled scales; achenes

terete, striate, puberulous.

Var. 8. glabrior; stem and leaves varying from scabrid-puberulous to nearly

glabrous! (Drege! in Hb. Hk.)

Has. Cape, Bowie! Albany, Ecklon! Cypher Font., Grahamstown, P. MeOwan,

23. Zwartkey, Drege!- Modder-rivier’s Spruit, Zey./ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk., Cap.)

Rootstock thick and woody; stem rigid, 8-18 inches high, the smaller simple,

the larger sparingly branched. Root leaves 3-10 inches long, 2—4 lines wide, vary-

ing from minutely calloso-denticulate to somewhat coarsely callous-serrate ; the

narrow ones almost entire. Heads much larger and leaves narrower and more rigid

than in S. serratus, to which this is allied. Drege’s specimens (var. B.) are very

much less rough than £. ¢ Z.’s.

39. 8. serratus (Sond.!); scabrous-pubescent, viscidulous; rootstock

not woolly; radical leaves long-petioled, oblongo or obovato-lanceolate,

or lance-linear, tapering to the base, subobtuse or acute, one-nerved,

unequally and rather coarsely callous-toothed; stem erect, herbaceous,

laxly leafy, corymbose or panicled upwards; cauline leaves sessile,

ear-clasping, oblong, toothed, the uppermost small and taper-pointed ;

infl. lax, few or many-headed, pedicels long or short ; inv. campanulate,

‘scabrous, with a few small basal bracteoles, of many linear, acuminate,

keeled scales; heads discoid, 30—-50-fl.; achenes terete, striate, puberu-

lous. Doria serrata, Th.! Cap. 674. Cineraria serrata, Willd.! Senecio

leontodontis, DC.! 1. c. 386. S. rudis, Turez. ! Bull. Mose. 1851.

Has. Cape, Thu LE, GZ. i ! 2 ‘Ken.!

eee ae are era § Camiesberg, Drege! Zululand, Gerr. § M‘Ken

Root leaves many, 3-6 inches long, including the petiole; stem-leaves 2-3 inches

long, 3-4 lines wide. Stem 6-18 inches high, the smaller specimens subsimple,

2—3-headed ; the larger branching, to-20-headed. All parts very rough. I do not

find this in Hb. Thunb., but a specimen of Thunberg’s collecting (Hb. Sond.) quite

with those of Ecklon and Drege. Gerrard’s specimen has rather narrowet

leaves, but does not otherwise differ.

40. S. hypochoerideus (DC. 1. c. 386) ; “herbaceous, erect, scabrid-

pubescent; radical leaves oblong, obtuse, tapering into a petiole, coarsely

callous-crenate ; stems laxly leafy, simple, or divided into 1-2, one-

headed, nude branches ; heads nearly roo-fl., discoid; inv. sparingly

calycled, of 20 scales ; achenes terete, puberulous.” DC. l. ¢.

Has. Betw. Windvogelberg and Zwartkey, 2000-4000 ft., Drege.

Except for the larger fl. heads this seems to come very near S. serratus. De

Candolle says it has the habit and roughness of S, puberulus; and the crenate leaves

of S. crenulatus.

41, S. eriobasis (DC.! 1. c. 388); woolly on the rootstock, nearly or

quite glabrous; radical leaves petioled, oblong or elongate, obtuse,

more or less deeply and bluntly inciso-pinnatifid, with short, toothed

lobes and rounded interstices; stem erect, herbaccous, fistular, sparingly

leafy, corymbose at the summit; corymb lax, the pedicels elongate ;

c leaves small, sessile, deeply incised; rays numerous, yellow ;

iny. calycled, of many linear, acute, glabrous scales ; achenes terete,

Senecio. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 367

Has. Worcester, Eckl.! Brackfontein, Zey.! (Herb. Sond., Cap.)

Root-leaves 6-10 inches long, of thin substance, 1-2 inches wide. Stem 13-2 ft.

high, branched beyond the middle. Heads several. A larger plant than S. erosus,

from which it is known by its glabrous leaves, stems and involucres.

42. 8. erosus (Linn. f. Suppl. 370) ; woolly on the crown of the root,

viscoso-pubescent; radical leaves numerous, petioled, oblong or obovate-

oblong, obtuse, bluntly inciso-pinnatifid, with short, toothed lobes and

rounded interstices, or repando-dentate; stem scape-like, nude above,

with a few distant, small, sessile, toothed or pinnatifid leaf-scales, sim-

ple and one-headed or branched, 2~3-headed ; rays numerous, yellow ;

inv. sparingly calycled, of many linear, acuminate, scabrous-pubescent

scales; achenes terete, minutely pubescent. Thunb. Cap. 684. DC. le.

388. Cineraria pandurata, Th. ! Cap. 672, and Doria incisa, Th.! Cap.

675. Senecio panduratus, Less. Syn. 392 (non DC.)

Var. 8, repandus; leaves repand-toothed, not incised. Cineraria crenata, Spreng.

Sieb. Fl. 284.

Has. Cape, Thunberg ! Kamp’s Bay hills, Eckl.! W.H.H. Caledon, Eck.! Stellen-

bosch, Dr. Prior! Steendal, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe ! Babyl. Toorn, Kl. Rivier’s Berg,

Zey.! 2793. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

With the foliage of S. hastulatus, this has usually a simple, one-headed, scape-like

stem, and may always be known from the dwarf states of that species by the woolly

crown of the root.

43. S. hastulatus (Linn. Sp. 1218); rootstock thick and woody, sub-

horizontal, not woolly at the crown; radical leaves numerous, petiolate,

inciso-pinnatifid, viscoso-pubescent, the lobes in several pairs, short,

blunt, eroso-dentate or coarsely toothed or lobulate, the sinuses rounded;

stems herbaceous, leafy, corymboso-paniculate upwards, striate, pubes-

cent; cauline leaves ear-clasping, inciso-pinnatifid, with short, toothed

lobes ; corymb laxly few or several-headed, the pedicels long ; heads

multi-radiate ; inv. nearly nude at base, of many scabrid, linear-attenu-

ate, round-backed scales; achenes finely striate, minutely downy. DC.

lc. 383. Dill.! Elth. t. 152, f. 184. Also 8. panduratus, DC.? 1. ¢. (exle.

syn. Less.! and Th.!). E. & Z.! Drege! Herb. WS. glutinosus, Eckl. ! (ex

parte). S.? brachyrhynchoides, DC.! 1. c. ex Hb. Drege!

Var. B, nudiusculus ; radical leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at base into a peti-

ole, crenate or more or less deeply and bluntly inciso-pinnatifid ; stems nearly leaf-

less, simple and one-headed, or 2-3-headed. S. nudiusculus, DC. 1. c. 384.

Has. Round Capetown and Simonstown, Bowie! W.H.H., C. Wright, 306. Tul-

bagh, Dr. Pappe! Zwarteberg and Groenekloof, Drege! Caledon, Eckl.! Distr. of

Queenstown, 7’. Cooper ! 232. Buffelsjagt, Gill / Basutu Land, 7. Cooper, 715 (de-

pauperated). 8, near Beaufort, Drege. Zwartkops R., Pappe! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.,Cap.)

Rhizome } inch thick. Root leaves (from the crown) 4-7 inches long, 1-2 inches

wide ; their lobes }-} inch wide. Stems 1-2 feet high, fistular, pale, corymboso-

paniculate ; pedicels 3-4 inches long. Heads 5 lines long, as many wide. Rays

yellow, spreading. Known from S. glutinosus, which it resembles in foliage, by the

rootstock; from S. erosus by the non-woolly crown, &c. S.? brachyrhynchoides, DC. >

according to a specimen from Drege (Hb. Hk.), is surely only a dwarf state of this

species. Our var 8. in its typical state, with obovate, crenate leaves, and nude,

subsimple stems, looks different, but Dr. Pappe’s imens, all collected in the same

spot, vary with deeply cut leaves, closely approaching those of the common variety.

Dillenius’ figure, above quoted, is an excellent representation of the normal form,

368 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Senecio.

44. §. robertiefolius (DC. 1. c. 384); ‘stem herbaceous, sparsely

pubescent, simple, leafy at base, nude above; radical leaves petioled,

elongate-lanceolate, sinuato-pinnatifid, suabdentate, on both sides shortly

hairy; cauline sessile, acuminate, toothed; heads subsolitary, long-

pedicelled ; inv. sparingly calycled ; inv. of 20 torulose, hispid scales ;

rays 10-12, narrow, long, flat, open; achenes quite glabrous.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Camiesberg, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

Perhaps a mere variety of S. hastulatus.

45. S. spireifolius (Thunb.! Cap. 684) ; rootstock oblique, not woolly

at the crown; radical leaves numerous, petioled, inciso-pinnatifid, sca-

brid-pubescent, the lobes in 10-15 or more pair, short, horizontal,

coarsely 3—5-toothed, with reflexed edges, the sinuses truncate ; stems

herbaceous, nearly nude, or with 1-2 distant, pinnatisect leaves, or a

few small, clasping, taper-pointed leaf-scales, pubescent at base, glabrous

above ; corymb 2—7-headed, pedicels long; heads multi-radiate ; inv.

calycled at base, of many glabrous, linear-acute, flattish scales; achenes

striate, cano-pubescent. S. pedicularifolius, DC.! in Hb. Eckl.! Drege!

(non H.B.K.) 8S. pseudo-Sceptrum, Steud. S. Ecklonianus, DC. 1. c. 384.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Worcester, Ecklon! Near Beaufort and betw. Paarl and

Frenchhoek, Drege! Steendahl, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Rhizome } inch thick. Rad. leaves 5-7 inches long. Cauline leaves often none.

Stem 10-18 inches high, sometimes 1-headed. A handsome species, with more

sharply cut and rigid leaves than S. hastulatus ; nearly naked stems and glabrous

involucres. Thunberg’s specimens, in excellent preservation, exactly agree with our

plant ; his description only errs in calling the root annual and the inv. hairy.

46. S. hieracioides (DC. 1. c. 384) ; “stem herbaceous, erect, branch-

ing, terete, striate, puberulous, viscidulous above ; root-leaves petioled,

oblong, toothed, minutely puberulous; cauline sessile, ear-clasping,

oblong, incised, downy, the uppermost linear, viscidulous ; corymb

panicled, the pedicels sparsely scaly ; inv. of about 12 puberulous scales ;

rays 8-10 ; achenes linear-compressed, striate, pubescent between the

strie.” DC. 1. ¢.

Har. Los Tafelberg, Kaffirland, in stony places 56000 f., Drege!

“ Lower leaves 3 inches long, 4 lines wide. Stem 1-1} foot high.” Of this I

have seen no specimen, unless Zey. / 938, from Vet River (Hb. Sd.), belong to it :

in it the radical and lower leaves are obovate-oblong, tapering into an imperfect

petiole, coarsely toothed, midribbed, with a thickened, subciliate margin, glabrous,

except for a few scattered bristles on the lower side; stem leaves few, clasping,

toothed, puberulous ; infl. laxly few-headed ; inv. nearly nude at base, of 12-15

narrow, scabrous scales ; rays few, pale-yellow, shorter than the inv.; achenes

tapering upwards, striate, pubescent.

47. 8. albifolius (DC.! 1. c. 389); herbaceous, perennial, not woolly

on the crown of rootstock; radical leaves numerous, rosulate, petioled,

pinnati-partite, on both sides albo-tomentose, becoming glabrate above,

lobes on each side 4-6, linear, obtuse, with revolute margins; stem

scape-like, much longer than the leaves, nearly leafless, 2-3 headed,

the pedicels long; inv. white-woolly, scarcely calycled, of many-scales}

heads many-fl., rays 10-12, achenes striate, puberulous on the strie.

Hap. Winterhoeksberg, Tulbagh, Eckl.! (Herb, Sond.)

Senecio. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 369

A dwarf plant. Rootstock thick. Leaves 14-2 inches long, the lobes 1 line wide,

4-4 inch long, scape 4-6 inches long, sometimes with 1-2 leaves near the base ;

pedicels 1-2 inches long. Iny. 4 lines long, § lines across. Rays 4-nerved, flat.

48. S. reptans (Turez! Bull. Mose. 1851, p. 207); nearly glabrous;

rhizome woody, nude, stoloniferous; stolons prostrate, rooting, with a

tuft of leaves at the extremity; radical leaves numerous, petioled, linear-

oblong, obtuse, inciso-dentate, or subpinnatifid, thickish, nerveless; stems

ascending, simple, leafy below, ending in an erect, nude, gland-scabrid,

one-headed peduncle; cauline leaves sessile, linear, entire or repando-

crenate ; inv. scabrous, of 18-20 scales, many-fl.; rays several, short;

achenes terete, with many slender, cano-puberulous stria. Walp. Ann.

5: Pp. 335:

Has. Cape, Ecklon! Caledon, R., Burke and Zey.! Zey.! 935. (Herb. Hk.,8d., D.)

Root woody; stolons numerous 2-3 inches long. Radical leaves, or those in the

tuft at end of stolon, 1-14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide. Cauline leaves 4 inch long,

i line wide. Stems 3-4 inches long, the pedunc. about 2 inches. Compared by

Turczanninow to S. brachyrhynchoides, DC. (which we considera var. of 8. hastulatus ),

but the resemblance is trifling; and the present seems a well characterised plant.

49. S. Bellis (Harv.); glabrous or nearly so; rootstock not woolly ;

radical leaves numerous, rosulate, obovate-oblong, obtuse, tapering at

base into a short petiole, one-nerved, thickish, subviscidulous, minutely

callous-denticulate; stems simple, one-headed, angular below, striate

above, nude or with a very few, distant, minute, subulate leaf-scales ;

heads many fl., radiate; inv. glabrous, sparingly calycled at base, of

about 20 linear, acuminate scales; rays numerous, revolute; aclienes

(young) short, compressed, glabrous.

Has. On hill sides, Queenstown district, Mrs. F. W. Barber, 317. (Herb. D.)

Leaves 2-3 inches long, 3-3 inch wide, shaped almost exactly like those of the

Daisy (Bellis perennis). Stems 10-12 inches high. Inv. $ inch long, 4-5 lines

across. Apparently a very distinct and quite an elegant species.

§ 3. Puantacinel (Sp. 50-65.)

50. S. Dregeanus (DC.! 1. c. 407); perennial, herbaceous ; stem erect,

ribstriate, rigid, glabrous and laxly leafy below, cobweb-woolly and

pedunculoid above, corymbose at the summit; subradical and lower

cauline leaves long-petioled, lanceolate, tapering at both ends, acute,

glabrous, rigid, obliquely nerved, calloso-crenulate ; upper leaf-scales

subulate ; corymb few-headed, the pedicels long, cobwebby, sparsely

scaly ; heads radiate, many-fl.; inv. campanulate, imbricated in several

rows, the outer scales scarcely shorter, blending with the inner, all with

long, glabrous, dark points, bearded at the summit; achenes glabrous.

Var. 8. discoideus ; rays none; stems frequently simple, 1-headed. (Hb. Sd., D.)

Haz. Betw. Omsamculo and Omcomua, Drege! Near Umgena Waterfall, Natal,

Gerr. & M‘Ken.! 354. Var. 8. Betw. Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, Drege’ Kreili’s

Country, H. Bowker! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) .

Stem 2 feet high or more. Leaves 12-15 inches long, including the petiole, }—}

inch wide. Inv. very much cobwebbed, more like that of an A thrixia than of a

Senecio. Disc and ray-flowers deep purple. 8. is a smaller and weaker plant, with

narrower leaves and often one-headed, simple stems.

51. S. coronatus (Harv.); rootstock very woolly; stem herbaceous,

VOL. I. 24

370 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Senecio.

erect, ribstriate, terete, loosely woolly below, cobwebbed, becoming

glabrous above, ending in a few-headed corymb; lower leaves broadly

ovate or oblong-obovate, tapering at base into a petiole, subacute,

penninerved, minutely calloso-crenulate, the younger loosely cobwebbed,

older glabrous, rigid ; upper sessile, stem-clasping, ovate, oblong or

lanceolate, smaller upwards ; corymb 3-20-headed, simple or branched,

the pedicels long, naked; heads many-fi. radiate; inv. calycled with

long, subulate bracteoles, glabrous or cobwebbed, of 20 or more, keeled,

subulate scales; achenes short, subcompressed, variably hairy. Czne-

raria coronata, Thunb.! Cap.670. Senecio lasiorhizus, DC.! 1. c. 387. 5.

lasiorhizoides, Sch. B.

Var. §. minor ; radical leaves 3 inches long, 3-1 inch wide ; cauline small and

narrow ; heads few and of smaller size. (Herb, D.)

“Has. Camtous R., Thunberg! Uitenhage, Albany and Kaffraria, Drege, Ecklon,

Zeyher, 929, Cooper, 285. Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker! Natal, Miss Owen! Krauss,

438, Gueinzius/ 319,594. B. Cafferland, Cooper, 150. Camperdowm and Bulu, Natal,

Gerr. § M‘K. 1053. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Rootstock thick, very woolly. Stem 6 inches to 2 feet high, sparsely leafy, nude

above. oot-leaves several, on longer or shorter petioles, 3-6 inches long, 13-3

inches broad, varying considerably in comparative length and breadth. _Cauline

leaves few and distant, broad or narrow. Young parts loosely cobwebbed. Heads

like those of SS. Al/banensis. Rays numerous and long, yellow. Achenes sometimes

densely, sometimes sparsely hairy. Var. 8. is more slender, with smaller leaves

and heads ; but otherwise the same.

52. §. Albanensis (DC.! 1. c. 385); glabrous or cobwebby ; root-

stock not woolly; radical leaves several, long-petioled, elongato-lanceo-

late or lance-linear, tapering to each end, rigid, midribbed (the broader

penninerved beneath), callous-denticulate, with subrecurved margin ;

stem erect, ribbed and furrowed, laxly leafy, corymbose at the summit ;

cauline leaves sessile, narrow, taper-pointed, with revolute margins;

corymb lax, few or several-headed, the pedicels elongate, nude or scaly ;

inv. of 15-20, glabrous or cobweb-woolly, narrow, acuminate scales,

calycled with several longish subulate bracts ; rays numerous, spreading ;

achenes glabrous, finely striate, narrowed to the base, slightly tapering

upwards. Zey./ 2948.

; Var. 8. doronicifiorus ; root-leaves 12-14 inches long, 3-1 inch gvide; heads few;

inv. quite glabrous ; rays deep orange yellow. S. doroniciflorus, DQ.! l. ¢.

Var. y. angustifolius ; leaves very long and narrow, 6-15 inches long, 14-5 lines

wide ; heads several ; inv. cobwebby ; rays chrome yellow. Zey.! 2950.

: Var. 6. brevifolius ; radical leaves 3-4 inches long or shorter, often very narrow ;

infl. cobwebby ; heads rather smaller than in a, and Bp. Zey./ 2949. 4S. afinis,

DC. 1. c. (ex descript.) 8S. leiocarpus, DC.! Ll. c. 390.

Van. e.? leiophyllus ; perfectly glabrous in all parts ; radical leaves lanceolate,

subobtuse ; stem rigid, closely leafy, few-headed ; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate,

narrowed at base, subobtuse, with revolute margins ; heads rather smaller and rays

shorter than usual ; achenes similar. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Has, Common in Albany, Uitenhage, Queenstown, the Winterberg, and im

Kreili’s Country, £. & Z.! Drege, Mrs. F. W. Barber, gc. Betw. Knysna and

Plettenberg Bay, Dr. Pappe! f. Buffelriver ; betw. Gekau and Basche R. ; and

a ergrg and Omsamculo, Drege! Winterhoekberg, Krakakamma -_ —-

» Zey.! %. Elandsriver, Zey.! Var. e. Magallisberg, Burke § Zey.! Zey./ 92°-

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd., Cap.) :

Stem 8 inches to 2 ft. high. Leaves 3-15 inches long, narrow-lanceolate or

Senecio. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 371

linear. Heads sometimes 2-3 on long, simple pedicels ; sometimes 10-12, in a

branching, very lax corymb. Pedicels 3-4 inches long. Heads 3-3 inch across,

Very variable in size, but generally recognizable by its leaves, involucre and achenes.

I suspect that S. afinis and S. inornatus, both unknown to me, are varieties of this

common plant. Our var. e. looks different, but has scarcely characters sufficient to

separate it specifically. S. leiocarpus, DC.! of which I have seen Ecklon’s speci-

mens in the Cape Govt. Herb. seems to me to be founded on a half-starved, narrow-

leaved form of this species; the specimens, however, are in miserable condition,

half decayed. .

53. S. inornatus (DC. 1. c. 385); “herbaceous, quite glabrous; stem

terete, striate, erect, laxly panicled, sparingly leafy ; leaves lance.-linear,

subcoriaceous, the lower petiolate, dentato-serrate, upper sessile, quite

entire; pedicels nude; inv. about 10-12 scaled, shorter than the dise,,

calycled with small bracteoles; disc 15-fl.; rays 5; achenes glabrous.”

Has. Betw. Grahamstown and Bothasberg, and betw. Zandplaat and Komga,

in pastures, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

Except for the small size of the fi. heads this, by description, does not differ from

rm Sees var. 6. “ Leaves 3-4 inches long, 3-4 lines wide. Stem 18 inches

igh. :

54, §. caudatus (DC. 1. c. 384); glabrous or nearly so; rootstock

nude; stem herbaceous, erect, angular and furrowed, leafy to the mid-

dle, either one-headed, or dividing into 3-4 one-headed, nearly nude

branches ; radical and lowest cauline leaves oblongo-lanceolate or lan-

ceolate, penninerved, membranous, acute, entire or calloso-denticulate ;

medial broad-based, clasping, many-striate at base externally, acumi-

nate ; upper leaves small, tapering into a long, narrow, acute, ciliolate,

tail-like point; rameal leaves reduced to subulate, attenuate scales; inv.

of about 20, glabrous, linear-subulate scales, calycled with a few subu-

late bracteoles of equal length ; rays 12-13, twice as long as the invo-

lucre ; achenes tapering upwards, glabrous.

Has. Katriver'sberg, Drege! H. Hutton! (Herb. D., Hk.)

Stem (in Mr. Hutton’s plant) 2-3 feet high, sharply angular. Lower leaves 6-7

inches long, 2-2} inches wide; medial 3~4 inches long, 21—3 inches wide; in Drege’s

specimens, which are very imperfect (Herb. D. Hk.) much narrower, scarcely } inch

wide. Pedicels 6-16 inches long. Rays 11} inch long. I describe from Mr. Hut-

ton’s complete and well-preserved specimens, gathered on the Katberg ; and I omit

all notice of Ecklon’s (Herb. Sd.), because they are quite decayed ; so much so that

I cannot tell whether they belong to this species or not!

55. S. macrospermus (DC. 1. c. 385); “ herbaceous, erect, cobweb-

cotonny, subcanescent ; leaves callous-toothed, elongato-lanceolate, the

lowest petioled, much attenuate at base” [and externally many-nerved];

“ cauline sessile; corymb 6—-7-headed, pedicels long, thick, nude” [rib-

furrowed]; “inv. sparingly and shortly calycled, at length quite reflexed ;

recept. smooth ; achenes terete-compressed”’ [rib-striate, scaberu/ous in

the furrows] “tapering a little at each end.” DC. /.c.

es per apa an empty Ps with its withered invol., and

some ripe achenes. The leaves are 10-18 inches long (fide DC.) ; the heads an inch

in diameter. Achenes 4 lines long, pale.

56. 8. monticolus (DC. 1.c¢. 384); “ herbaceous, erect, glabrous; stem

24*

372 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Senecio.

simple, terete, nude above ; leaves oblong, toothed, the lowermost taper-

ing into a petiole, upper sessile, narrower ; pedicels few, one-headed,

subracemose, 1—2-scaled at the summit, twice as long as the head; inv.

ealycled, of 12 scales, equalling the dise; disc-fl. about 30, rays 8, long,

4-nerved; achenes tapering upwards, striate, pubescent.” DC. 1. c.

Has. On the Klipplaat River and the Witberg, 3500-6000 feet, Drege. Albany

and Uitenhage. Zckion. (Unknown to me.)

“A foot high. Lower leaves 3 inches long, 8-9 lines wide. Inv. § lines long.” DC.

57. 8. gramineus (Harv.); rootstock not woolly ; radical leaves

many, narrow-linear, elongate, blunt, with strongly revolute margins,

glabrous or cobwebby below, cauline leaves similar, few and distant ;

stem scapelike, filiform, rigid, cobwebby or glabrate, simple, r-headed ;

inv. calycled at base, of many narrow, keeled, taperpointed, cobwebby

scales ; rays 6-8; disc-fl. 30-40; achenes (young) villous.

Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zey.! (Herb. Sond.)

Rootstock slender. Radical leaves 3-4 inches long, 3 line wide, quite linear

throughout. Stem 6-8 inches high. Inv. 4 lineslong. Of this I have seen but a

single specimen, and propose it as a species with some hesitation. But for its villous

ovaries it might be regarded as an extremely emaciated form of S. Albanensis.

58. S. crispus (Thunb.! Cap. 680) ; nearly or quite glabrous; root-

stock oblique, not woolly at the crown; radical leaves numerous, taper-

ing at base into a longish petiole, oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous,

bluntly toothed or repand, with subreflexed edges; stems herbaceous,

rigid, ribbed and furrowed, erect, simple, corymbose at the summit,

leafy ; cauline leaves sessile, erect, oblong, toothed, blunt, with revolute

edges ; corymb closely several-headed; heads multiradiate, hemispheri-

eal; inv. glabrous, calycled, of many oblong-acuminate scales; achenes

(young) short, compressed, glabrous, ciliolate. S. sulcatus, DC. 1. ¢. 384-

Has. Summit of Table Mt., Thunberg/ Drege, Ecklon! W.H.H. (Herb. Th., D.)

Rhizome 4-5 lines diameter. Rad. leaves 3-7 inches long, the petiole t-4 inches ;

lamina 4-1 inch broad. Cauline leaves numerous, very erect. Stem 12-18 inches

high. Corymb closely branched, flat topped, 10-20-headed. Inv. 3 lines long, 4-5

lines wide. The ovaries look as if the achenes might be compressed or flattened, in

which case this species should be removed to Cineraria.

59. S. decurrens (DC. 1. c. 388); stem herbaceous, erect, ribbed and

furrowed, cobwebby, virgate, corymboso-paniculate at the apex; leaves

oblongo-lanceolate, calloso-crenulate, above glabrate, beneath cobwebby-

canescent, “ the radical on long petioles” (DC. ), the cauline decurrent

In a coarsely toothed wing; corymb compound, fastigiate, the pedicels

long, nude; inv. cobwebby, of many scales, amply calycled with long,

2-3 seriate bracteoles; heads many-fl. ; rays 10-12, yellow ; achenes

quite glabrous, elongate.

Has. Omeamcaba, Dreye! Fort Bowker, J. H. Bowker, 603. (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

I haye not seen the radical leaves, which are said to be nearly 2 ft. long. Stem

3-4 ft. high, leafy up to the base of the corymb. Lower leaves 6-12 inches, uppeT

3-5 inches long, 1-1} inch wide. Heads 5-6 lines across, like those of S. Albanensis,

but with an ampler calycle.

60. S. digitalifolius (DC. 1. c. 397); “herbaceous, erect, cobwebby

canescent ; leaves crenato-dentate, acuminate, the” [radical and] “lower

Senecio. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 373

tapering into a petiole, oblongo-lanceolate ; cauline decurrent, somewhat

eared, crenateevenon thedecurrent portion ; corymbcompound, crowded ;

pedicels scaly ; inv. glabrous, calycled with several rows of long, imbri-

cated bracteoles; rays narrow” [yellow]; “achenes glabrous.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Betw. Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege.

Of this I have seen a single radical leaf, in Hb. Sd., about 12 inches long and

1-1} inch wide. The cauline leaves are said to be about 3 inches long. By descrip-

tion, it must approach very closely to S. decurrens; though placed in a different §

by DC.

61. S. polyodon (DC. 1 c. 386); “stem herbaceous, erect, striate ;

below simple, rough with scattered pubescence, above panicled, pubes-

cent ; leaves oblong-linear, subseabrid, with 8-10 teeth on each side,

the lower ones tapering at base, the upper sessile, shortly eared ; heads

hemispherical, about 80-fl., discoid; inv. of about 20 scales, sparingly

calycled, equalling the disc; achenes glabrous.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Near the Little and Great Fish River, 2~3000f., Drege (v. frust. in Hb. Sd.).

Said to be allied to S. diodon, DC. I can form no judgment of its characters

from the frustule which alone I have seen. Cauline leaves obtuse, 1-14 inch long,

4 lines wide. Inv. scales 3 lines long, scabrous; heads 3~4 lines diam.

62. 8. crenulatus (DC.! 1 c. 385); glabrous; rootstock not woolly ;

radical leaves long-petioled, varying from oblongo-lanceolate to linear-

lanceolate, tapering to both ends, midribbed and penninerved, callous-

denticulate, rigid; stem erect, rib-striate, leafy, corymbose at summit ;

cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaul, oblong, ovate-oblong, or linear,

acuminate-denticulate ; corymb rather close, few or many-headed ; inv.

hemispherical, glabrous, of about 20 narrow scales, calycled with a few

subulate bracteoles; heads discoid; achenes silky-villous, canescent.

Zey.! 2951.

_ . Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, frequent, Ecklon! Drege! Zeyher! &c.

Zululand, Gerr. § MeK. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D., Cap.)

In foliage this resembles S. A/banensis, but the stem leaves are strongly clasping,

the fi. heads much smaller, and always (so far as I have seen, in the 28 specimens

from various quarters that I have examined) discoid; and the achenes are very silky.

De Candolie, however, describes the heads as having ‘*6-8 rays,” except in his var. B.

“‘discoideus.” It is curious that in the four large Herbaria above quoted, no speci-

men with rays, from either Eckl., Drege, or Zeyher, should be forthcoming!

63. 8. striatifolins (DC. 1. c. 387); “herbaceous, erect, glabrous,

stem terete, sub-striate; leaves sessile, elongate-linear, with revolute

margins, nearly quite entire, 3-5 striate dorsally at base, one-nerved at

apex ; corymb few-headed ; pedicels elongate ; heads 50-60 fl, discoid ;

inv. of about 20 linear-acuminate, not wither-tipped scales, calycled ;

achenes pubescent.” DC. 1. ¢.

. Wi . Drege! (Herb. Sd.

ae Pile ert BO fs ir of cea se fl. heads. Stem said to be 1-2

ft. high. Leaves 5—6 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, tapering to a fine point. Heads

like those of some vars. of S. Albanensis, but discoid. According to DC. it is allied

to S. reclinatus and S. diodon.

64. §. othonneflorus (DC.! 1. c. 386); perennial, herbaceous, erect,

quite glabrous; stem closely leafy at base, nude and panicled above,

374 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Senecio.

rigid, terete, striate ; lowest leaves oblong or lance-oblong, narrowed at

pase into a short petiole, the rest sessile, amplexicaul, lanceolate, acu-

minate, entire or remotely and minutely callous-denticulate, one-nerved ;

anicle lax, subcorymbose, the pedicels long, swelling under the head ;

heads discoid, 50-60 fl.; inv. quite glabrous, and nearly or quite nude

at base, of 10-13 broad, flat, oblong, acute, glaucous scales; achenes

quite glabrous. Doria denticulata, Th.! Cap. p. 674. Brachyrhynchos

eupatorioides. Less, Syn. 393.

Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, Thunberg, Drege! E. & Z.! Zey.! 2960.

(Herb. Th. D., Hk., Sd.)

Rootstock somewhat woody. Stem 1-14 f. high, divided beyond the middle into

many corymbose, nude branches. Upper leaves small and much acuminate or sub-

ulate. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, }—? inch wide. Heads very like those of an

Othonna, Some of £. § Z.’s specimens distributed as of this species belong to 4.

Albanensis.

65. 8. petiolaris (DC.! 1. c. 434); glabrous, or cobwebby ; rootstock

not woolly ; radical or subradical leaves numerous, rosulate, on long,

ribstriate and channelled petioles, oblong, obtuse, thick, nerved, undu-

late or repando-dentate, with subreflexed, thickened margins; stem

scape-like, elongate, simple, one-headed, ribstriate, scaly; inv. of about

12~13 glabrous, oblong acuminate, flat scales, not calycled ; heads many

fi, discoid; achenes tapering upwards, hispidulous. Doria undulata,

Th. ! Cap. 673.

Has. Bockland, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Root seemingly perennial. Peticles 2-3 inches long; lamina 14 inch long, 4-5

lines, wide, somewhat fleshy! Stem 10-15 inches high, sparsely set with scale-like,

subulate, depauperated leaves. Heads 5-6 lines long, and about as broad. This has

the habit of 8. Bellis, but different foliage and involucres, &c.; the heads resemble

those of S. othonnejlorus. :

§ 4. Pavcrroti. (Sp. 66-80.)

66. S. cordifolius (Linn. f. Suppl. 372); quite glabrous ; root tube-

rous? stem herbaceous, slender, simple or sparingly forked, leafy below ;

leaves all petiolate or the uppermost subsessile, broadly cordate or ovate,

obtuse, rigid, coarsely and bluntly toothed, or repand-denticulate, paler

beneath, the margins more or less reflexed; pedune. long, one or few-

headed, the pedicels long, sparsely and minutely scaly ; heads many fl.,

radiate; inv’ nearly nude at base, of about 12 flat, aeute scales; rays

8-10, longer than the inv., 4-nerved; achenes quite glabrous. Th. /

Cap. 683. DC.l.c. 394.

Has, Top and sid ; ! i f b.

aos ae es of Table Mt., Thunberg! Drakensteinberg, Drege! (Her

This has quite the habit of S. cymbalarifolius, but different foliage and achenes.

_ Thunberg says the root is annual, but probably by mistake ; I conjecture from the

aspect of the plant that it may be tuberous, and probably deep in the ground.

Stems 3-6 inches high; the lower leaves with uncial petioles, and 1-11 in. long, 3-1

inch wide lamine of very rigid substance, not prominently veiny. Pedune. 6-8

inches long, sometimes 2-3 times forked, with 3-5 inch long pedicels. Rays said

to be yellow, but possibly sometimes purple.

| 67. 8. cymbalarifolius (Less.! Syn. 391); root tuberous; stem erect,

herbaceous, simple or branched, glabrous as well as the leaves and in-

+’

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) z 375

volucres; upper leaves amplexicaul, oblong or lance-oblong, passing

upwards into subulate leaf-seales; lower leaves petiolate, polymorphous

(either lyrate, cordate, reniform, subrotund or multifid), more or less

toothed or lobed, sometimes sparsely setulose, more or less amplexicaul

at base; pedunc. scaly, simple and one-headed, or laxly corymbose,

several headed; inv. scales about 12, naked-based, glabrous; rays 8-10

(yellow or purple), flat; achenes long and slender, ribstriate, setulose,

slightly beaked. Brachyrhynchos cymbalarif., DC.1. ¢. 438. Cineraria

cymbalarifolia, Th. Cap. 671.

Var. a. flavus (DC.); leaves lyrate, with many lateral lobes ; disc and ray yel-

low.

Var. 8. purpureus (DC.); leaves as in a« ; disc and ray purple.

Var. y. rotundifolius (DC.); leaves roundish-reniform, toothed or lobed, without

lateral lobes ; disc and ray purple.

Var. 6. hastifolius ; leaves somewhat reniform, deeply 3-5 lobed or pedatifid,

without lateral lobes ; dise and ray yellow. 8S. hastifolius, Less./ Cineraria hastifolia,

Th.! Cap. 672.

Has. Dry hills in the Western and S. Western districts, the several varieties

often intermixed. a. and 8., Drakenstein, Drege/ Round Capetown and Simons-

town, Eckl.! 8. Wright, 311, 316. Swellendam, Zey.! 2966. y. Capetown to Swellen-

dam, E. § Z.!, Drege! Zey.!924. 5., Hanglip, Zey./ 925, Simonstown, Wright!

310. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) :

Root a tuber about 4-1 inch diam., buried 2-3 inches. Stems 2-6 inches high,

closely leafy at base, the upper half gradually passing into a scaly peduncle. Low-

est leaves long-petioled, scarcely broad-based ; the medial with broad, amplexicaul,

leaf-like, toothed or cut bases; the upper sessile and amplexicaul. Lamina of the

lower leaves very varied in its cutting, mostly quite glabrous, now and then setulose.

Pedunc. 3-12 inches long, simple or branched; the branches corymbose, elongate,

scaly, one-headed. Colour of flowers varying from bright purple to bright yellow,

@ very uncommon circumstance. Achenes with a cup-like disc.

68. S. tuberosus (Harv.); tuberous rooted, glabrous ; stem erect, her-

baceous, simple or branched, leafy at base, pedunculoid and one or

several headed upwards; upper leaves sessile, amplexicaul, oblong or

lanceolate, toothed ; medial amplexicaul, petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid ;

lower on long petioles, either cordate-reniform, toothed, or lyrate with

1 or several lateral, toothed lobes, and a terminal reniform one; pedunc.

laxly scaly; inv. scales 10-12, naked-based, glabrous; heads discoid,

homogamous; achenes long, ribstriate, setulose, beaked. Doria pinna-

tifida, Th.! Cap. 675. Brachyr. tuberosus, DC.1.c. 438. Cineraria tube-

rosa, E. Mey. Brachyrh. trachycarpus, DC. ! 1. ¢. (excl. syn. Th.) Senecio

incertus, DC. 1. c. 433+

Has. Paarl, Drege! Caledon, Eckl.! Tulbagh Waterfall, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th.

D., Hk., Sd.

Quite ike 0, cymbalarifolius, var. a., except that the heads are discoid. Possibly

a mere variety. I venture to unite DC.’s “Br, trachycarpus,” which, by description,

can scarcely be different from the present.

69. S. diversifolius (Harv.); root . . . .; stem erect, herbaceous, sim-

ple or branched, leafy below, pedunculoid upwards, more or less cobweb-

bed or woolly as well as the leaves; upper-leaves sessile, lanceolate or

subulate, passing upwards into scales; lower petioled, polymorphous

Sage pinnatisect, pinnatifid, or undivided) oblong-hastate, or oblong-

anceolate, acute, subglabrous or densely woolly beneath, the young ones

376 . composIT# (Harv.) [Senecio.

often cobwebbed above; pedunc. elongate, scaly, simple or branched,

the branches one-headed; inv. scales 14-20, glabrous or cobwebbed;

heads many-fl., discoid; achenes long, angular, scabrous-muricated,

somewhat beaked. Brachyr. elongatus, Less.! DC. 1. ¢.

Var. a., pinnatifidus ; leaves in outline lance-oblong, acute or acuminate, deeply

pinnatifid, the lobes in many pairs, toothed or incised, the uppermost 2-3 pairs,

confluent into a pinnatifid terminal lobe. Doria elongata, var. B., Hb. Th.! Brachyr.

albicaulis, DC.! l. c. 438, also B, diversifolius, vars. a, and B, DC. 1. ¢. 439.

Var. 8., integrifolius ; leaves oblong-hastate, acute, cuneate or truncate at base,

toothed. Doria elongata, vars. a, and y., Herb. Th.! Brach, diversifolius, var. -y,

cuneatus, DC. l. ¢.

Has. Western and S. Eastern Districts. Thunberg! a, Olifants R., and Saldanha

Bay and Camiesberg. Drege! Stellenbosch and Swellendam. Worcester and Clan-

i Rae E. § Z.! Groenekloof and Tulbach, Dr. Pappe! 8B. Hb. Thunb./ Swellen-

dam, Mundt./ Riebeckskasteel, Drege. Herb. Th., D., Hk. Sd.)

This varies quite as much in the cutting of its leaves as S. cymbalarifolius and

S. pinnatifidus, but is to be known from the latter not only by its tendency to wool-

liness, but by the want of a terminal cordate-reniform leaf-lobe in the pinnatifid

varieties, and the hastate-acute form of the simple lamina in var. 8. I do not find

it possible to distinguish as species the forms separated by De Candolle from Thun-

bery’s ‘Doria elongata” ; but I gladly adopt DC’s trivial name ‘‘diversifolius,” as

more expressive than that of Thunberg.

70. S. anthemifolius (Harv.); quite glabrous, crown not woolly;

radical leaves long-petioled, bipinnati-partite, the lobes and lobules

shortly linear, divaricate, flat, blunt; cauline leaves few, sessile, half-

clasping, pinnati- or bipinnati-partite ; stem simple, shortly peduncular

at summit, one-headed ; heads discoid ; inv. scales 18-20, glabrous,

slightly calycled; heads many-fl.; achenes long, tapering upwards,

with many canescent striz.

Has. Voormansbosch, Swell., Zeyher! 746. (Herb. Sond.)

Root probably tuberous. Radical leaves numerous, 3 inches long, the pinne in

several pairs, not a line wide, all remarkably patent, more or less compound. Stem

10-12 inches high, bearing 2-5 leaves, similar to the radical, but sessile. Iny. scales

6-7 lines long. Achenes tapering into a slender neck,

71. §. orbicularis (Sond.! in Herb.); root tuberous ? all parts quite

glabrous ; stem shortly leafy, simple, ending in a long, nude, laxly co-

tymbose peduncle; leaves on long petioles, fleshy, glaucous, peltate,

orbicular, or oval, unequally callous-denticulate, or ciliato-dentate ; inv.

nearly nude, of 8-g acute scales equalling the disc; heads discoid, 12—-

20-f1.; achenes hispidulous.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke ¢ Zey! 931. (Herb. Hk., Sd. D.)

Very near S. ovyriefolius, but the leaves are almost exactly orbicular ; the

petiole nearly equidistant from the margin. The serratures vary much in degree.

Leaves 14-2 inches diameter ; petioles 2-2} inches long. Infl. as in S. oxyriefolius.

72. 8. oxyriefolius (DC.! 1. c. 405); root tuberous, all parts quite

glabrous ; stem erect, shortly leafy, simple, ending in a long, nude, ¢o-

rymboso-paniculate peduncle; leaves on long petioles, fleshy, glaucescent,

more or less peltate, cordate or hastate, either repand, denticulate oF

angle-lobulate, the salient points acute; corymb or panicle laxly few-

headed, pedicels elongate; inv. scarcely calycled, of 8-9 ta r-pointed

scales equalling the disc; heads discoid, 12-20-fl.; achenes hispidulous

Senecio. | COMPOSITZ ( Harv.) 377

on the stria. 4S. oxyriefolius ; S. peltatus; S. subnudus; S. peltiformis,

DC.1 1. ¢. 465. ;

Has. Uitenhage, Albany and Caffraria, 2. & Z./ Drege! Zwartkop Zoutpan,

mes ! awe Albany, H. Hutton! Umeomas, Natal, Gerr. § McK. 1030. (Herb. D.,

The leaves vary a little in shape, in the incision of margin, and in amount of pel-

tate character, the petiole being sometimes 4 an inch, sometimes 1 line within the

in; but in all the specimens I have seen, including one of the typical “owxyriefo-

lius” DC., the peltate character exists. In Mr. Hutton’s specimen this peltate char.

is at its maximum, and the margin nearly entire, or barely repand and minutely

denticulate. Petiole 2-3 inches long. Lamina 1-14 inch long and broad. Peduncle

12-15 inches high, FI. yellow.

73. §. rhomboideus (Harv.); root tuberous? all parts glabrous; stem

leafy at base, ending in a long, nude, corymbose or panicled peduncle ;

leaves petiolate, fleshy, rhomboid or ovate, repand and denticulate, cu-

neate and tapering much at base, drying thin, closely netted-veined ;

iny. scarcely calycled, of 8-9 taper-pointed scales, fl. . . ?

Has. Eastern frontier? Zcklon! (Herb. Sd.)

Founded on a single imperfect specimen, mixed with ‘*S. subnudus,” from which

the foliage so remarkably differs that I think it must be kept distinct. The fl, heads

would seem to be similar to those of S. oxyriefolius.

74, §. paucifolius (DC.! 1. c. 403); glaucous, quite glabrous; nude

at the crown; stem erect, short, simple, leafy below; leaves sessile, oval

or oblong, penninerved, quite entire, obtuse or acute, or mucronate,

either cuneate at base or rounded and half-clasping; pedunc. elongate,

nude, sparingly corymbose at summit, or forked, or simple; pedicels

2-8, long, sparsely scaly, one-headed ; invol. not calycled, of ro—12

scales, equalling the disc; disc fi. 50-60, rays 8-10; achenes glabrous,

striate.

Has. Swellendam, Mundt.‘ Uitenhage and Caffraria, Z. § Z.! Zey.! 2967.

Zuureberg, Drege. Betw. R. Zondereinde and Zwartberg, Zey./ Vetrivier, Burke &

Zey.! 930. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

75. S. latifolius (DC. 1. c. 387); woolly on the crown of the root,

otherwise quite glabrous ; stem erect, striate, tall, leafy, ending in a

much-branched, corymbose panicle ; lower leaves oblong or obovate,

acute or acuminate, tapering to the base, entire or remotely denticulate;

upper numerous, cordate-eared and clasping at base, oblong or lanceo-

late, or linear-acuminate ; partial corymbs many-headed, fastigiate,

pedicels short, nearly nude ; inv. of 5-8 glabrous, nerved scales, nearly

nude at base; disc-fl. 10-12, rays 3-5 ; achenes quite glabrous.

Var. a., verus; upper leaves broadly oblong or ovato-lanceolate, amply eared at

base, denticulate, or subentire. S. latifolius, DOL tl. ¢: = =

. retrorsus; upper leaves varying from oblon ceolate to linear-lanceo-

ee pipacehar: or Sy mostly ZonGontate. 8. ri DG.! oe.

Van. 7. barbellatus; upper leaves still narrower and more acuminate, mostly

quite entire at edge. S. barbellatus, DC. 1. c. 388.

Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany; Caffraria and Natal. Var. a. Om-

samcaba, Drege! 8. Zuureberg, Drege! Albany, Ecklon! Caledon R. and Magalisberg,

Burke, y. Stormberg and Witberg, Drege. Albany, and in Caffraria, Ecklon / (Hb.

D., Hk., Sd.)

378 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Senecio.

Stem 2-ft. high or more, leafy nearly to the base of the panicle, the upper leaves

diminishing in size. Leaves very variable in size, and in the dentition of the margin,

the wider ones penni-nerved, but even in the narrowest forms the upper leaves are

amply cordate at base. Leayes in a, 4-6 inches long, 1-2 inches wide; in B, 3-4

inches long, 3-1 inch wide; in y, much narrower. Panicle 6~10 inches across. Inv.

2~3 lines long, much shorter than the disc.

76. S. bupleuroides (DC.1.c. 387); woolly on the crown of root, other-

wise glabrous; stem erect, flexuous, striate, sparsely leafy, nude above,

and ending inalax, branching corymbose panicle ; cauline leaves varying

from broadly ovato-lanceolate to elongato-lanceolate-acuminate, straight

or faleate, rigid, quite entire or subdenticulate, midribbed and obliquely

penni-nerved ; pedicels long, sparingly scaly ; inv. of about 8 broad, gla-

brous, striate scales, nearly nude at base; disc-fl. 20-30; rays about 5;

achenes glabrous, striate.

Var. a, latifolius ; leaves broadly ovato or oblongo-lanceolate, acute. S. buplewr-

formis, Sch. Bip.! Walp. Rep. 6. p. 263.

Var. 8. angustifolius; leaves lanceolate-attenuate, 5-10 inches long, not § inch

wide, often faleate. S. buplewroides, DC.1.c. 8. bupl. var. falcatus, Sch, Bip.! 1. ¢.

Has. Omsamcaba, Drege! Natal, Plant! Gueinzius/ &c. B, Natal, Krauss/ Suther-

land! Nonote, W.T. Gerrard! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Very nearly related to S. /atifolius, but with fewer leaves (usually 3-4), a flexuous

stem, a laxer inflorescence, longer pedicels and more fl. in the heads. The leaves

vary in shape quite as much as in S. latifolius: in a, 2-4 inches long, 1-1} broad;

in 8. 5-10 inches long, 3-5 lines wide.

777 §. glaberrimus (DC.1.c. 403); “herbaceous? quite glabrous,

rigid ; stem simple, slender, angular, corymbose at summit; cauline

leaves sessile, distant, ovate, acute, slightly cordate and clasping at

base, quite entire, penni-nerved; corymb slightly compound, fastigiate,

pedicels nearly nude, elongate; inv. half as long as disc, of 10 acute

scales; disc-fl. 20-25, rays 4-5; achenes glabrous, striate,

Has. Omsamcaba, Omtendo and Omsamculo, Drege.

“18 in. high. Radical lvs. unknown; cauline 3 in. long, 15 1. wide.’ Unknown

to us. The above diagnosis answers equally well for 8. buplewroides, DC.; does it

really differ ? ;

78. S. adnatus (DC. 1. c. 388) ; quite glabrous, rigid, erect, herba-

ceous ; stem ribbed and furrowed, leafy, virgate, corymboso-paniculate

at the apex ; leaves elongato-lanceolate, quite entire, margined, mid-

ribbed and obliquely veined, acuminate, the lower (not seen), the medial

stem-clasping, shortly decurrent or adnate at base, the uppermost sessile,

gradually shorter and narrower ; infl. level-topped, much divided, the

partial corymbs 10—12-headed, with short, nude pedicels; inv. nearly

nude at base, cylindrical, of 5-6 broad, flat scales ; dise-fl. 8-12, rays

3, long, spreading ; achenes quite glabrous, narrowed upwards.

Has. Katberg, and betw. Windvogelberg and Zwartkey, Drege! Katberg, H.

Hutton! (Herb, Hk., D., Sd.)

Stem probably 3-4 ft. high, the lower part not seen. Medial leaves 5-8 inches

long, 1-14 inch wide. Inv, 4-5 lines long. Fl. yellow. Heads in the general infl-

over 100,

78. 8, isatideus (DC.! 1. c. 387); quite glabrous, except for the woolly

Senecio. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) : 379

crown of the rhizome; stem erect, striate, tall, leafy below, nude

above, ending in a much-branched, corymbose panicle ; lower leaves

oblong-obovate, tapering at base into a short, winged petiole, obtuse or

mucronate, callous-denticulate, midribbed and penninerved; upper stem-

clasping, oblong or lanceolate, much smaller; partial corymbs densely

many-headed, pedicels short; heads 5-fl., discoid ; inv. nearly nude at

base, funnel-shaped, of 5 oblong, obtuse or subacute, glabrous scales ;

achenes glabrous. Zey./ 933. S. marginatus, fol. 5 (excl. fol. 1, 2, 3,

- 4), Herb. Th.! 8S. nitidus, Less.! MSS. in Hb. Th. -

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Bowie! Near the Kraai R., 4500 f., Drege! Caledon R.,

Burke & Zey.! (Herb. Th., D., Ak., Sd.)

Stem woolly at the very base only, 2—3 ft. high, leafy for 6-12 inches below, ending

in a much-branched inflorescence. Leaves 4-6 inches long, 2-3 inches wide. Upper

leaves very erect, narrower, much smaller and ear-clasping. Inv, 3 lines long, 1-14

wide. Habit of a few-flowered Othonna.

80. S. venosus (Harv.); glabrous; stem erect, ribstriate, leafy to the

base of the diffusely branched corymb (lower portion unknown); lower

leaves . . . .; cauline leaves cordate at base and stem-clasping, lanceo-

late, acuminate, rigidly coriaceous, thick, ciliato-denticulate, glaucescent,

conspicuously veiny on both surfaces, on the lower with very prominent,

oblique, anastomosing veins and veinlets, many-veined at base; partial

corymbs few-headed, pedicels short ; heads 10-fl., discoid; inv. nude

at base, funnel-shaped, of 5-6 oblong, obtuse, glabrous scales; achenes

glabrous. =

Has. Magalisberg, Oct., Zey./ 936. (Herb. Sond.)

Apparently a tall plant, with the habit of S. ¢satideus, but leafy throughout, with

close-placed, strongly and coarsely veiny, very rigid leaves. I have only seen a

single specimen, about 14 inches long, being merely the flowering top of the stem,

or of a branch: its leaves are 2-3 inches long, 4~? inch wide at base, very acute.

Until the lower part of the stem shall be seen the characters cannot be fully given.

=e § 5. Riemr. (Sp. 81-116.)

81. S. picridifolins (DC.! 1. c. 386); perennial ; stem herbaceous,

weak, erect, sparingly branched, leafy, scabro-pubescent ; cauline leaves

membranous, ear-clasping and tapering much at base, oblongo-lanceo-

late, acuminate, coarsely and unequally toothed, scabrous above, paler

and more or less glabrous beneath; fl. branches nude and peduneuloid

at the apex, mostly one-headed, very scabrid ; heads discoid, 80-100

fl.; inv. calycled, of many linear-acuminate, scabrous scales, achenes

compressed, rib-striate, minutely scabrid.

Has. Natal and Omsamculo, Drege/ 7. Williamson! Cooper! 1136. Magalisberg,

Burke § Zeyher! Zey.! 940. (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.) :

Stem 2-3 ft. or more high, fistular upwards, supporting itself among bushes (/)

but scarcely climbing. Leaves scattered, tapering at base into an imperfect petiole,

the lower ones 2-3 inches long, 1 inch wide. Upper leaves sessile, broad-based,

often deeply incised, with larger ears at base. Peduncles mostly 1-headed, rarely

branched. Burke § Zeyher’s specimens from Magalisberg and Mooje R. seem to

have grown in drier and more exposed places than those of Natal, being dwarfer,

more erect, with more rigid foliage, &c. The natural affinities of this sp. are to me.

very doubtful.

82. S, Thunbergii (Harv.); stem robust, rigid-herbaceous, erect,

380 COMPOSITE (Harv.) | Senecio.

angle-striate, cobwebby, simple, imbricated with leaves throughout ;

leaves half-clasping and adnate at base, oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate,

glabrous above, cobweb-tomentose beneath, distantly callous-denticulate

or entire, with recurved margins; heads in a much branched, dense,

thyrsoid-panicle, discoid, about 12-flowered ; pedicels short, scaly, gla-

brate ; inv. glabrous, calycled, of about 8 broadish, flat scales ; achenes?

Cacalia tomentosa, Th.! Cap. 625 (non Jacq.)

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high, thick and strong, but full of pith. Leaves 14-2 inch. long, 4-7

lines wide, erect, one-nerved, the young ones thinly cobwebbed above, adult quite

glabrous. Infl. not fully opened, very compound, forming: (in the specimen seen) an

oblong, close panicle; at a later stage probably more corymbose ; both pedicels,

bracts and invols. glabrous or nearly so. This is very different from S. oliganthus,

to which it is referred by DC. ; I describe from Thunberg’s specimens.

83. S. amabilis (DC.! 1. c. 406); stem herbaceous, diffuse? branches

terete, scabro-puberulous, long, panicled or corymbose at summit ; leaves

subdistamt, ear-clasping at base, lyrato-pinnatifid, scabrous above, tomen-

tose-canescent, and netted beneath, the lobes short, obtuse, in few-pait,

sharply denticulate, the terminal larger ; corymbs densely several headed,

ending the longish branches of the panicle ; pedicels very short ; heads

discoid, 8-10 fl.; inv. glabrous, calycled, of about 8 acuminate scales,

achenes short, hispidulous ; fl. white or whitish ?

Has. Langekloof, Drege/ (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) .

Branches 2-3 ft. long or more, pale. Leaves 2-24 inches long, the upper lobe

3-1 inch wide; lateral lobes } inch long, 4 lines wide. Inv. 2-24 lines long, the

scales pinkish at tip, as are the anthers and style. The habit is that of S. incisus,

from which the discoid fi. heads, &c. separate it. *

84. 8. Gerrardi (Harv.); herbaceous, tall, viscoso-puberulous; stem

. + . 4%; cauline leaves eared at base, petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong,

midribbed and penninerved, unequally and coarsely repando-dentate, the

imperfect lobules callous-toothed, on both sides closely scabro-puberu-

lent; rameal leaves sessile, obovate or oblong, toothed; infl. loosely

corymbose, many-headed ; heads discoid, homogamous, 15~-20-fl. ; inv.

scabrous, calycled, of 10-12 linear acuminate scales; lobes of the cor.

barbellate; achenes terete, striate, glabrous or nearly so.

Has. Umvote District, Natal, W. 7. Gerrard! 1010. (Herb. D.)

‘Stems 4-5 ft. high.” Petiole (of the only cauline leaf seen) about 1 inch long,

1 line wide, with a roundish, dentate lobe at base; lamina 24-5 inches long (pro-

bably much more), 14 inch wide. Of this plant I have received but a single leaf

and a branch of the inflorescence; these are quite unlike any species known to me.

Curiously enough, though the foliage is so very unlike that of S. rhyncholenus, the

flowers and fruit in both are almost identical.

85. 8. pandurifolius (Harv.); stem? twigs and peduncles thinly cob-

webbed; cauline leaves . . 3; rameal leaves panduriform, or with a

broadly winged petiole amply eared at base, and an ovate, broadbased,

acute or acuminate limb, calloso-denticulate, penninerved and netted-

veined, cobwebby becoming glabrate above, cottony-canescent beneath,

the upper ones smaller, with shorter petioles ; corymbs few-headed, pant

cled ; inv. calycled, subglabrate, of 8-9 scales; heads discoid, about

12-fl.; achenes glabrous.

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 381

Has. Highlands of Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K., 1043. (Herb. D.)

‘* Herbaceous, 4-5 ft. high; fl. yellow or blue,” W. 7. G. Only known to me by

a lateral twig, 14 inches long, with its subtending rameal-leaf. This latter is about

44 inches long, of which the lamina is 24 inches, the narrow or petiolar portion 14-

and the auricle about 4 inch: lamina 2} inches wide, winged petiole }inch. Heads,

small ; the dried flowers are dark-tipped, and may have been blue. With the foliage

of 8. verbascifolius, this has widely different inflorescence. Fl. and achenes immature.

86. S. verbascifolius (Burm. Pr. Cap. 26); stem robust, ligneous at

base, herbaceous, ascending, clothed, as well as the petioles and under

surface of the leaves with a thick, snow-white, felted, woolly coating;

leaves on long, linear, ear-clasping petioles, cordate, remotely callous-

denticulate, cobwebby (becoming glabrate) above ; petioles of the upper

leaves broad and amply dilated at base; corymbs laxly few or several

headed, the pedicels glabrate ; inv. glabrous, calycled, of many scales;

heads many-fi., radiate, the rays yellow, about 12; achenes glabrous.

DC.11. c. 389. Cineraria tussilaginea, Thunb. Cap.671. Cin. hypoleuca,

Sieb.! Cap. 33.

Has. On Table Mountain, Thunberg! Sieb.! Eckl.! Drege! Pappe! W. H. H., &e.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems several, thick at base ; 1-2 ft. high, leafy throughout, the lower leaves

large and on long petioles; the upper gradually smaller, and the uppermost fiddle-

shaped. Petioles 2-3 inches long; lamina 14-24 inches long, 14-2 in. wide. Toment

very thick and white. Inv. 4—5 lines long, as much in diam.

87. S. cinerascens (Ait.); stem suffruticose, erect, virgate, thinly

white-woolly, leafy, corymbiferous; leaves more or less petioled, pinnati-

partite or pinnatifid, the lobes on each side 2~4, linear or lance-oblong,

obtuse, with revolute margins, albo-tomentose beneath, either tomentose

or glabrate above; upper leaves sessile ; corymb subsimple, few-headed,

the pedicels long; inv. cobwebbed or glabrate, calycled, of many scales ;

heads many-fl., rays “ 3-5, flat, not revolute,” or none. Jacg. Schoenb.

t.150, DC./ 1. c. 389. Jacobea tomentosa, Th.! Cap. 678. Sen. tomen-

tosus, Salish. Prod. 196.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Kamiesberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high, pale. Leaves 3-5 inches long, the rachis 1-4 lines wide ; lobes

4-1 inch long, 1-2 lines wide. Corymb 3-8-headed. Heads 5-6 lines long, and

nearly equally broad. I have not seen rays on the few specimens examined.

88. S. tortuosus (DC. 1. c. 392); suffruticose or shrubby, erect, densely

much-branched, in all parts (save the denuded stems) shortly pubescent ;

twigs flexuous, sparsely leafy ; leaves cuneate-obovate, coarsely few-

toothed, or somewhat lyrate, tapering at base into a petiole as long as

the lamina or longer, not prominently veiny ; pedune. ending leafy

twigs, short, few-scaled, one-headed ; inv. nearly nude at base, gland-

scabrid, to-12-scaled ; rays about 5, yellow, short, revolute, disc-fl.

30-40; achenes striate, minutely pubescent.

Be Olifant’s R., Drege! Worcester, E. § Z./ Knakisberg, Zey.! 926. (Herb.

Prter high, woody in age, but slender, branches very flexuous or zigzag.

All the younger parts minutely rough with subglandular, spreading hairs. Petioles

3_1 inch long ; lamina $—# inch long, 4~6 lines wide, variable in shape. Pecunc.

1-1} inch long, slender. Inv. 4 lines long, 3 1. broad.

382 COMPOSIT2 (Harv.) | Senecio.

89. S. blattarioides (DC. 1.c. 393); ‘stem herbaceous? erect, simple,

glabrescent ; leaves all petiolate, the lower ovate, obtuse at base, acute

at apex, deeply cut and toothed, both surfaces and the petiole hispid-

subvillous, the uppermost oblong, tapering to both ends, toothed ;

corymb compound, loose, pedicels scaly, elongate; inv. scarcely calycled,

glabrous, of about 12 scales; disc-fl. about 15; rays 5; achenes angular,

glabrous.” DC. 1. ¢. .

Has. Betw. Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

“ Stem 13 ft. high, ‘Lower leaves, with a 2-inch long petiole, 2 in. long limb, 15

lines wide.” DC,

90. 8. serratuloides (DC.! 1. c. 395); stem erect, herbaceous, puber-

ulous or glabrous; branches rigid, striate, leafy, panicled upwards ;

leaves lyrate, the slender petiole with 2-4 pair of small, narrow, lance-

linear, acuminate lobes, the terminal lobe very large, ovato-lanceolate

or lanceolate, rigid, midribbed and penninerved, finely and sharply

serrate, tapering to each end, glabrous, or the young ones flocculent;

upper leaves small, sessile, inciso-pinnatifid below the middle; corymb

branching, loosely many-headed, pedicels long, scaly ; inv. calycled, of

10-12 oblong, acute, scales; disc-fl. 30-40; rays 8-10, spreading ;

achenes glabrous.

Var. 8, gracilis; branches laxly leafy, slender ; terminal leaf-lobes lanceolate,

serrulate.

Has. Natal, Drege! Gueinzius! B, Natal, Dr. W. B. Grant. (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Perennial, perhaps suffruticose at base. Branches 1-2 feet long, Leaves tech-

nically lyrate, but the terminal lobe is 2-3 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, and the late-

ral lobes, which are confined to the petiole, vary from 2-3 and from 5-12 lines long,

and rarely exceed a line in width. Inv. scales dark-tipped. Rays pale.

91. S. microglossus (DC.! 1. c. 395); “quite glabrous; stem herba-

ceous, erect, angle-striate, corymbose at top; leaves petiolate, lyrate,

the lateral lobes on each side 2-3, small, entire or few-toothed, the -

terminal lanceolate or oblongo-lanceolate, tapering to each end, coarsely

serrate, obliquely penninerved, rigid ; corymb compound, much-branch-

ed ; pedicels slender, scaly ; heads about 12-f1., the rays few and very

minute; inv. calycled, of 8 scales ; achenes glabrous.

Has. Grass-fields, betw. Gekau and Basche, Drege / (Herb. Sd.)

Allied to 8. serratuloides, but with much more coarsely serrate leaves, smaller fl.

heads, and very minute, inconspicuous rays, shorter than their style. I have only —

seen a small fragment in Hb. Sd.

92. S. crenatus (Th.! Cap. 681); stem shrubby, erect, virgate, pani-

cled at summit or simple, cobwebby, rib-striate, closely leafy ; leaves

shortly petioled, ovate or obovate, obtuse, rigid, conspicuously netted-

veined, finely callous-serrulate, the younger cobwebbed, the older gla-

brous ; corymb compound, many-headed, the pedicels scaly ; heads

radiate, 12-15-fl.; inv. calycled, of 7-9 broadish seales; rays 4-5, J el-

low, oblong; achenes striate, pubescent. DC. l.¢.392. Sieb. Fl. Cap-

243. S. Kraussit, Sch. Bip. ?

_ Has. Eastern Districts, Thunberg! Bowie! Uitenhage, E. Z.! Zey.! 2940, Drege!

(Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) ¥ ne agtees ‘

- Stems 2-3 feet high, strong, rod-like, subsimple, except at the flowering summit.

7 a

‘he

Senecio. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 383

Leaves 1}-2 inches long, 1-14 in. wide, tapering at base into a } inch petiole. Ser-

ratures minute and blunt. Invol. 3 lines long, much shorter than the flowers. Rays

pale yellow.

93. 8. oxyodontus (DC. 1. ¢. 392); “shrubby, quite glabr.; branches

terete ; leaves petiolate, ovate, sharply toothed or lobed ; corymb com-

pound, few-headed ; pedicels long, nearly nude; inv. of 12-13 scales,

sparingly calycled, subturbinate, a little shorter than the dise ; rays 5,

4-lined; disc-fl. 10-12; achenes angle-striate, hispidulous on the striz.

Has. Betw. Omsamcubo and Omtata, Drege.

“ Petiole uncial. Leaf 6-12 lines long, 4-8 lines wide.” Unknown to me.

94. S. Zeyheri (Turcz.! Bull. Mosew. xxiv. II. p. 89); glabrous, her-

baceous ; branches long, subsimple, striate, pale; leaves scattered,

petiolate, glaucous, cuneate, and 3-nerved at base, ovate or rhomboid,

unequally toothed, margined, netted-veined, the uppermost smaller,

crenate ; ecorymb very loose, branched, the divisions few-headed, pedi-

cels long, minutely scaly ; inv. slightly calycled, of 10-12 scales; disc-fi.

about 20; rays 8, spreading; achenes striate, minutely hispidulous on

the striz. Walp. Ann. Bot. 5, p. 337.

Has. Salem, Zey./ 2959. Near Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! Olifant’s Hoek, Dr.

Pappe! (Herb. 8d., D., Hk.)

Stem probably suffruticose at base. Branches 1-2 feet long, laxly leafy, ending

in a sub-peduncled, very loose corymb. Petioles slender, 3-1 inch long; lamina

1~14 inch long, 3—$ inch wide, acute or obtuse, sometimes obovate, coarsely toothed,

of thinnish substance. Inv. shorter than the disc, 3 lines long; rays broad, 4-lined.

95. S. pellucidus (DC.! 1. c. 380); stem herbaceous, diffusely much-

branched, terete, striate, glabrous; leaves scattered, membranaceous,

netted-veined, glabrous, lanceolate, tapering at base into a slightly

decurrent petiole, acuminate, the lower more or less deeply toothed,

the medial and upper denticulate or subentire ; panicle loosely forked,

widely spreading, the pedicels long, nearly nude; inv. calycled, its

scales 12-20, glabrous, acuminate; disc-fl. 15-20; rays 5-6, yellow ;

achenes striate, minutely puberulous. SS. lancifolius, Turcz. Walp. Ann.

Bot. 5, P. 337+ : ee

Has, Zuureberg, Drege! Adow, Uit., Zey.! 2958. Howison’s Poort, H. Hutton.

(Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Root perennial? stem at length suffruticose at base? Apparently a much and

diffusely-branched plant, 3 feet or more in height, with rigid, slender branches,

glabrous or nearly so in all parts. Leaves 24-3 inches long, rarely 4 inch wide,

pale green, tapering much to the base, imperfectly petiolate, the petiole shortly

decurrent in a ciliate lamina. Panicle 1 foot wide; pedicels 1-1} inch long. Inv.

4 lines long. The leaves on young plants are more often cu¢ than on older, in which

they are mostly minutely and distantly denticulate.

96. S. pubigerus (Linn. Amoen. 6, Afr. 66) ; stem ligneous at base,

herbaceous upwards, diffusely much-branched ; branches terete, striate,

scabro-pubescent or subglabrous, widely spreading, alternately decom-

pound ; leaves stem-clasping, rigid, scabrous above, cobwebby beneath,

the lower incised or pinnatifid, with few sharply-toothed lobes, the

upper small, oblong or obovate, sharply few-toothed ; fi.-branches rod-

like, scaly, bearing clustered heads in the axils of the scales, in an im-

384 COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) [ Senecio.

perfect raceme; inv. with a many-leaved, woolly calycle, its scales 8-10,

glabrous, flat, lanceolate, acuminate, equalling the disc-fl.; rays 5-6,

yellow; achenes short, terete, closely hairy. DC. 1. ¢. 393. S. squamosus,

Th.! Cap. 683. Prenanthes glomerata, Rehb. Sieb. Cap. 26. Breyn. Cent.

t. 65.

Has. Roadsides and waste ground about Capetown and at the Paarl, very com-

mon. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Root perennial. Stem 3-4 ft. high, bushy, quite woody at base ; the branches

widely spreading, slender, rod-like. Lower leaves 1-24 inches long, 4~3 inch wide,

either entire or few-toothed, or deeply pinnatifid ; upper leaves } inch—rarely 1 in.

long ; those on the fi. branches reduced to scales. Heads small; inv. scales 3-4

lines long.

97. S. incisus (Th.! Cap. 683); stem ligneous at base, diffusely

much-branched, herbaceous upwards ; branches rib-furrowed, scabro-

pubescent and cobwebby, glabrous upwards; cauline leaves stem-clasp-

ing, rigid, scabrous above, cobwebby or cottony beneath, elongate-

lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and unequally cut or pinnatifid, the lobes

toothed, the upper leaves smaller, narrower and less deeply cut; fi.

branches rod-like and racemose below, panicled and corymbulose at the

apex, the heads partly clustered, partly pedicellate ; pedicels short,

scaly ; inv. calycled, both calycle and scales glabrous, scales 8—12 flat,

lanceolate-acuminate, equalling the disc-fl. ; rays 5-6, yellow ; disc-fl.

15-20; achenes pubescent. S. phalachrolenus. DC.! 1. ¢. 393.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ East of Capetown, Burchell, 8026. Wagenmakers Bosch,

Swell., Mundt.! Berg R., Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very near S. pubigerus and somewhat intermediate between that and S. expansus

From S. pubigerus it differs in the glabrous calycle and the tendency to a corymbose

or panicled inflorescence ; from S. expansus in general aspect, involucre, and a ten-

dency to racemose infl. in the lower part.

98. S. expansus (Harv.); stem herbaceous, diffuse, terete, scabro-

pubescent, the branches widely spreading, loosely panicled at summit ;

leaves alternate, sub-distant, stem-clasping, cordate at base, scabrous

on both sides, paler and netted-veined beneath, the lower more or less

deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, the medial oblong, distantly toothed and repand,

the uppermost ovate-acuminate, small; panicle very loose, alternately

compound, the pedicels filiform, scaly ; inv. calycled, glabrous, of 10-12

narrow, acute scales equalling the disc; rays about 5, spreading; achenes

minutely and closely puberulous. S. lyratus, DC./ l. c. 382, excl. syn

Has. Dutoitskloof ; Simonsberg; and Kl. Draakenstein, near Berg R., Drege!

(Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Root perennial? Branches 3-4 ft. long, very diffuse, the terminal, lax panicle 1

foot or more in length. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-1 inch wide, the uppermost

diminished to scales, Pubescence very short, but rigid. Teeth of the leaves sharp,

with wide, rounded interspaces ; margin slightly reflexed. Inv. turbinate, 3 lines

long. Allied to S. pubigerus and S. incisus, but differing in infl., &¢{from both.

DC. places it among the annual species, to none of which is it nat f .

99. S. lyratus (Linn. f. suppl.; non. DC.); herbaceous, erect or strag-

gling, more or less scabrous, with minute, rigid pubescence ; stem terete,

striate, pithy; cauline leaves stem-clasping, variable in shape, lyrate OF

lacero-pinnatifid, acute, or the upper ones narrow-oblong, all sharply

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 385.

* and unequally toothed, lobes short, unequal, the terminal larger; corymbs _

much-branched, many-headed, pedicels scaly ; heads radiate, about 30-f1. ;

inv. calycled, glabrous, of many narrow scales; rays 6-8, yellow; achenes"

small, minutely hispidulous. S. lyratus, Th.! Cap. 684. S. variifolius,

DC. 1. ¢. 393.

(tom “i subcanescens (DC.); leaves cobweb-canescent beneath, surface rough.

Var. y. pentaglottis (DC.) ; “branches glabrous, striate and furrowed ; lvs. cob-

web-pubescent beneath ; disc fl. 15-20; rays 5.” ( Drege.)

Var. 6. lacerus (DC.) ; sparingly hispid; leaves deeply pinnatifid, the lobes inciso-

serrate ; disc-fl, 15-20; rays about 5. (£cklon! Bowie!)

Has. Table Mountain summit, Thunberg! Swellendam and Uitenhage, F, ¢ Z.

Cape Flats, W.H.H. (Herb. Th. Sd., Hk., D.)

More herbaceous than 8. rigidus, with (usually) more deeply-cut or pinnatifid

leaves, but very variable. Var. 8. (Hb. Sd.) looks like a weak state of S. rigidus ;

y. is unknown to me ; 5. (Herb. Sd., Hk.) ought perhaps to be made the type of the

species. Leaves 2-6 inches long, 1-14 wide. Heads not 2 lines long, campanulate.

is is unquestionably the S. /yratus, Th., and therefore probably of Linn. f., but

not of De Candolle. The specimens examined by me are not sufficiently copious to

enable me to judge of its specific limits, or whether all the varieties might not be

referred to 8. rigidus.

100. S. rigidus (Linn. Sp. 1224); a large shrub ; branches striate,

terete, roughly hispid, the upper ones herbaceous, panicled at summit ;

leaves stem-clasping and often adnate-subdecurrent at base, oblong, or

fiddle-shaped, obtuse or acute, the smaller often obovate, sharply and

unequally toothed, scabrous above, more or less cobwebbed, and netted-

veined beneath, harsh to the touch; corymb much branched, its divi-

sions closely many-headed, pedicels scaly ; heads radiate, 20-30-fl. ; rays

5-6, yellow; inv. calycled, glabrous, of many narrow scales; achenes

striate, hispidulous. Zh./ Cap. 682. DC. 1. c. 392.

Var. 8. scaber; rameal leaves conspicuously adnate-decurrent at base, obovate-

oblong, obtuse, green on both sides, not cobwebbed. S. scaber, Willd., DC. Ll. c. 334.

Jacobea scabra, Th.! Cap. 677. (Herb. Thunb.)

Var. yy. serratus; pubescence scanty, upper side of leaves minutely rough. S.

varitfolius, var. serratus, DC.l.c. (Herb. Sd.)

Has. Cape Flats, common. Uitenhage, Zey! 2942. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.)

8-12 ft. high, much branched, scabrous and rough to the touch in most parts.

Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-2 in. wide, variable in shape and pubescence, sometimes

almost woolly beneath. Infl. very compound, the heads small; inv. 14-2 lines long.

101. §, caulopterus (DC.! 1. c. 388); stem herbaceous, erect, rib-stri-

ate, minutely pubescent ; branches corymbiferous; cauline leaves obo-

vate or oblong, sharply calloso-denticulate, glabrous ot cobwebbed above,

minutely hispidulous, penninerved and closely reticulate beneath, decur-

rent at base into a long, toothed or subentire stem-wing ; upper lvs.

ovate, sub-sessile; corymb compound, laxly many-headed, the pedicels

long, somewhat scaly; inv. calycled, of 9-12 glabrate scales; disc-fi.

10-12, rays 4-5; achenes (young) ‘hispidulous.

Has. Betw. Omsamwubo and Omsameulo, Drege! Inyatikab River, Natal, W.

T. Gerrard? (Herb. Sd., D.)

Of Drege’s! plant I have seen but the apex of a branch and one of the uppermost,

non-decurrent leaves ; my description therefore is chiefly adapted from DC. 1. c.

VoL. mI. 25

386 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Senecio.

The stem is said to be 2-3 ft. high. The leaves have the texture and close reticulation

of those of S. rigidus, and are anything but glabrous beneath. Mr, Gerrard’s speci-

men to which I refer here consists of a lateral, flowering branch, about a foot long,

bearing many leaves similar to that on Drege’s, but not quite sessile nor stem clasping.

102. S. pterophorus (DC.! 1. c. 389); stem herbaceous, erect, rib-

striate, cobwebbed or glabrate, virgate, corymboso-paniculate at the apex;

leaves lanceolate, sharply and coarsely inciso-serrate, acuminate, tapering

at base almost into a petiole, glabrate and green above, cano-tomentose

beneath, the petiole produced at base (in var. «.) into narrow or obsolete,

somewhat denticled stem-wings ; corymb very compound, pedicels scaly;

inv. of many scales, amply calycled, glabrous; disc-fl, 40-50, rays 8-10;

achenes glabrous,

Var. a. verus; wings of the stem more or less obvious. 8S. pterophorus, DC. 1. ¢.

( Drege ex pte. )

Vaz. 8. apterus; wings of the stem obsolete or none. S. pterophorus, ex pte, Drege!

S. polyanthemoides, Sch.! Bip, Bot. Zeit. 27, p. 697. 8. polyanthemus, var. y. subser-

ratus, DC. l. ¢.

Has. Natal District. «. Betw. Omtendo and Omsamculo, Drege! B. Betw. Gekau

and Basche, and betw. Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, Drege/ Natal, Krauss! 424.

Gueinzius! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 4-} inch wide. The stem wing is

very narrow at best, and often obsolete, if Drege’s specimens all belong to the same

species. This species is very closely related to S. juniperinus, but the leaves are not

ear-clasping, and the fi, heads are smaller.

103. S. ilicifolius (Th.! Cap, 682); stem robust, suffruticose at base,

erect, rigid-herbaceous, leafy, branched at the summit, the branches

cobwebbed, corymbiferous ; leaves clasping and adnate-subdecurrent at

base, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, acute, sharply and coarsely toothed,

with reflexed or revolute margins, glabrous and scabrous-dotted above,

albo-tomentose beneath ; corymb much branched, spreading, many-

headed, the pedicels scaly ; heads 50-6o-fi., radiate ; inv. calycled, of

12-15 glabrous scales; rays about 12, yellow; achenes minutely granu-

lated. DC! 1. ¢. 391. S. quercifolius, Th.! Cap. 682.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Krebs, Mundt! Uitenhage and Albany, E. & Z.! Zey.! 2945-

Camtour'’s R., Gill! Knysna, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.

Stem 2-3 f. high, branched at the summit, closely leafy. Leaves 1-2% inches

long, 4 lines to 1} in. wide, rigid, sharply indented like those of a holly, with round

spaces between the teeth ; upper surface glossy green, lower white. Infl. 5- to up-

wards of 100-headed. A larger and coarser plant than S. juniperinus, with broader

and more deeply toothed and rigid leaves. S. quercifolius, fide Herb. Th.! is merely

the base of the stem, where the leaves are larger and more incised !

104. S, juniperinus (Linn. f. Suppl. 371); stem suffruticose, cobwebby-

tomentose, branching, branches cobwebbed or nude, corymbiferous ;

leaves half-clasping and often unidentate at base, linear-subulate or

linear-lanceolate, subpungent-mucronate, with revolute or recurved mat-

gins, either entire or sparingly toothed, or some furnished with a pair

of opposite, horizontal lobes, scabro-punctulate and glabrate (cobwebbed)

above, albo-tomentose beneath; corymb branching, loosely many-headed,

the pedicels longish, scaly; heads 40-6o fi. radiate; inv. calycled, of

12-15 glabrous, barbellate scales ; rays about 12, yellow ; achenes neatly

Senecio. | COMPOSITX ( Harv.) 387

glabrous, or minutely puberulous. Zhunb./ Cap. 679. DO./ l.c. 391;

also S. polyanthemus, DC. 1. ¢.

Var. a. genuinus; leaves linear-subulate, with strongly-revolute margins, entire.

Van. 8. salicinus (DC.); leaves flattish, lanceolate, with recurved margins, entire

or subentire; minutely glabrous-dotted above.

Var. y. epitrachys (DC.); leaves less expanded, with more strongly-revolute

margins and more scabrid; entire, or here and there toothed.

Var. 5. cruciatus; leaves (some at least) above the middle furnished with a pair

of —_— spreading lobes, like the arms of a cross. 8S. cruciatus, Linn. f. Thunbd.!

Cap. 671.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! &c. Uitenhage, LZ. § Z./ Zey./ 2945. Zuureberg, Storm-

berg and Witberg, Drege! Hassaquaskloof, Zey.! 2952. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems rigid and strong, but scarcely ligneous, except at base; the branches nume-

rous, more herbaceous, but wiry. Branches and leaves more or less cobwebby,

becoming nude. The leaves vary in length and breadth and degree of expansion,

and in being sparingly toothed or entire; I find them constantly scabrous-dotted

above, even in var. salicinus (Drege’s specimens). Drege’s var. “ subserratus” appears

to me to belong rather to S. pterophorus. Inflorescence generally widely spreading

varying very much, however, in the number of heads. Var. 5. cruciatus, is rather a

monstrosity than a genuine form.

105. S. ederiefolius (DC.! 1. c. 391); stem erect, rigid-herbaceous

striate, scaberulous, the young parts cobwebbed, branches erect virgate ;

leaves sessile, half-clasping, and slightly adnate at base, ovate-oblong or

ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, sharply and distantly toothed, with

teflexed margins, scaberulous, glabrous and glossy above, white-woolly,

(at length nude) beneath; heads either solitary, terminal or 2~5 in a

corymb, radiate, over 100-fl.; rays 12-15; inv. amply calycled, flat-

bottomed, of many glabrous or cobwebbed scales; achenes minutely

granulated.

Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., £. § Z./ Zey.! 2944. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A branching, bushy, but not ligneous, plant, 1-2-ft. high ; with straight, erect, leafy

one or few-headed branches. Leaves 3-14 inch long, 5-6 lines wide, erect, very

rigid. Heads 5-lines across. Similar in foliage to S. ilicifolius, from which it is

known by its fewer and larger fi. heads.

106. 8. arniceflorus (DC.! 1. c. 390); stem suffruticose, ascending,

cobwebby, closely leafy below, subsimple, (either 1-3-headed or) corym-

biferous and subpedunculoid at top; leaves oblong, sessile and sub- | » i

decurrent, rather narrowed to the base, entire or sparsely few-toothed,

with revolute margins, mucronate, cobweb-woolly beneath, scaberulous .

and thinly cobwebbed, becoming glabrate above; upper leaves lax,

small, linear, erect, acuminate; corymb simple or branched, few or ~ ‘e

several headed, the pedicels long, bearing 2-3 subulate leaf-scales ;

heads many-fl.; rays 10-12, spreading; inv. calycled, cobwebbed, of

many narrow scales; achenes (young) pubescent. *

Has. Auteniqualand, Burchell. Cape, Bowie? Groenekloof, and near Cape

VAquillas, Drege! Near Simonstown, C. Wright, 302, 303. (Herb. Hk., D.)

Stems 8-12 inches high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 3-6 lines wide, with strongly

revolute margins. Whole plant cottony-cobwebbed. Heads 4-5 lines across, yellow.

T have not seen Burchell’s plant, which may differ, for DC. speaks of a “valid

mucro” to the leaves and “‘ 1-2 sessile fl. heads,” characters which do not exist in

Dregés specimen in Hb. Hook. The pedicels are corymbose, 1-14 inch long; the

mucro is small and not always obvious.

388 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Senecio.

107. S. microspermus (DC. 1. c. 391); “stem suffruticose, branching,

diffuse or depressed, cobwebby ; leaves crowded, sessile, half-clasping,

ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, scabrid above, cobweb-woolly

beneath ; branches scarcely nude at the summit, 1-2-headed ; inv. of

about 20 subulate, glabrous scales, shorter than the disc, amply calycled

with cobwebby bracteoles; disc-fl. about 50, rays few? achenes menute,

“microscopically puberulous. DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Algoa Bay, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

** Leaves 8-9 lines long, 3 lines wide.”

108, S. hirtifolius (DC.! 1. ¢. 394); subherbaceous or suffruticose,

all parts densely pubescent with short, spreading, rigid hairs; branches

erect, angular ; leaves crowded, sessile, oblong-obovate, cuneate and

tapering at base, coarsely 5~7-toothed above, on both sides equally hairy,

flat, rigid, thickish ; pedunc, terminal, nude, simple or branched;

corymbs few-headed, rather loose ; inv. oblong, calycled, of about 12

scabrous scales, shorter than the disc ; disc-fl. 15-20; rays about 5,

reflexed ; achenes striate, hispidulous.

Has. Near the Zwartkops R., Uitenhage, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd., Cap.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high, the branches very erect, closely leafy. Leaves imbricate, 14

inch long, 4-3 inch wide, erect, of thickish substance, coarsely velvetty with short

hairs. Pedune. 4-6 inches long. Inv. scales 4~5 lines long. A well marked species.

109. S. vestitus (Berg. Cap. 282); quite glabrous and smooth ; stem

- suffruticose, terete, finely striate, leafy; leaves stem-clasping, broad-based,

oblong or obovate, obtuse, membranous, sharply and unequally serrate,

netted-veined; corymb patently much-branched, many-headed, pedicels

scaly, divaricate ; heads radiate, 20—30-fl.; inv. calycled, glabrous, of

many narrow scales ; rays 6-8, yellow; achenes striate, hispidulous.

Jacobea vestita, Th.! Cap. 677. 8. rigidus, var. glabrescens, E. Mey.! in

Hb. Drege. DC. l. c. 393.

Has. Cape, Bergius, Thunberg! Camiesberg and Modderfontein ; also in Dutoit’s

aes on Knysna, Dr. Pappe! Mitchell’s Pass, A, Wyley! (Herb. Th., D.,

Very similar to S. rigidus in the form of the leaves and habit ; but perfectly gla-

brous and smooth in all parts, with thinner and softer leaves, and a more spreading

panicle. If not a “species,” it seems to be a well-marked and widely spread “form.”

Our specimens exactly agree with one in Hb. Thunb.!

110. S. aquifoliaceus (DC.!1. c. 394); stem herbaceous? terete, here

and there setose; leaves very closely crowded, shortly adnate, lanceolate,

sharply and coarsely toothed, penninerved, on each side glabrous, or

the young ones setulose on the nerves, rigid ; corymb compound, termi-

nal, just overtopping the leaves; pedicels sparingly scaly; inv. calycled,

glabrous, of 10-12 lanceolate scales, about equalling the disc ; dise-fl.

39-40, rays 6-8; achenes nearly glabrous.

Has. Betw. Sparrbosch and Tradow, Swell., Drege? (Herb. Sd.)

_ Of this I have only seen leaves and a division of thecorymb. The leaves are 2-24

inches long, 4~5 lines wide, like those of 8. glastifolius. Fl. yellow.

_111. 8, lanceus (Ait. Kew. 3, p. 194) ; stem suffruticose, erect, sub-

simple or panicled at top, glabrous or loosely cobwebbed, striate; leaves

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 389

stem-clasping and shortly adnate-decurrent at base, oblongo-lanceolate

or lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, glabrous, with subrecurved margins,

either sharply serrate, serrulate or subentire, the upper smaller and more

acute ; corymb compound, crowded, many-headed, the pedicels short,

scaly ; inv. calycled, glabrous, of 20 or more narrow-subulate scales ;

rays 10-12, shorter than the inv.; dise-fl. 40-50; achenes striate, gla-

brous. Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 304. DC.!l.c. 394. S. marginatus, Th.! Cap.

p. 680, ex pte. majori.

Var. a, serratus ; leaves more or less sharply serrate. Vars. B, y, ¢, DC. l. c.

Var, 8. subinteger (DC.) ; leaves nearly entire. S. undulatus, Th.! Cap. p. 680.

Has. Cape Flats, and eastward through Swellendam to Uitenhage and Albany.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem strong, 3-4 ft. high, chiefly branched at the summit. Young parts often

cobwebbed with deciduous wool. Leaves 3-5 inches long, 7-1} in. broad, the upper

gradually smaller. Dentition of the margin very inconstant; the var. with nearly

entire leaves is frequent.

112. S. scoparius (Harv.); stem straight, erect, glabrous, striate,

simple or corymbose at summit; leaves scattered, subsessile, subcune-

ate at base, ovate or ovato-lanceolate, acute, calloso-serrulate, netted-

veined, quite glabrous or the young ones cobwebbed, the upper smaller

and narrower; corymb very compound, flat-topped (broom-like), many-

headed, the pedicels long, filiform, sparsely scaly ; inv. minutely caly-

cled, glabrous, of 10-13 bluntish, keeled scales, shorter than the disc;

rays 5-6, yellow, spreading ; disc-fl. about 20;. achenes hispidulous.

Has. Kreili’s Country, about old Kraals, H. Bowker, 388, Mrs. F. W. Barber,

25. (Herb. D.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high, very straight, ending in a much-branched, broom-like corymb,

which is 4-6 inches diameter, compact and fiat-topped. Leaves 1}—2 inches long,

4-1 inch wide, the lowest quite sessile and bluntly wedge-shaped or rounded at

base, the uppermost often on 1 line long petioles, cuneate ; under surface rather

paler and closely netted. Pedicels 1-2 inches long. Heads 3 lines long, and equally

wide. Rays 3 lines long,

113. S. Serra (Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 68); stem herbaceous, erect,

ribbed and furrowed, glabrous, virgate, corymboso-paniculate at the

apex; cauline leaves oblongo-lanceolate, acute, cartilagineo-serrulate,

tapering and entire at base, decurrent in a very narrow (or obsolete)

entire stem-wing, the uppermost often auricled ; corymb compound,

flat-topped, the pedicels scaly ; inv. of 10-12 scales, glabrous, calycled,

the scales dark-tipped; disc-fl. about 20, rays 6-7; achenes glabrous.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius/ 358. (Herb. Sd., Hk.) 3

2-3 feet (or perhaps more) in height. Lower leaves not seen. Cauline leaves

3-5 inches long, }-% inch wide, coriaceous, rigid, closely and finely serrulate. The

wings of the stem are very narrow and sometimes obsolete. Inv. 2 lines long.

114. §. halimifolius (Linn. Sp.1223); shrubby, erect, glaucous, more

or less cobwebbed with woolly hairs; branches angular, ribbed, virgate,

closely leafy; leaves sessile, slightly ear-clasping at base, cuneate-obovate

or oblong, subobtuse, coarsely toothed, not conspicuously veiny, thick-

ish, the adult glabrous, the younger cobwebbed ; corymb compound,

densely many-headed ; pedicels short, scaly ; heads radiate, 30-40-f1.;

390 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Senecio.

inv. calycled; rays 10-12, yellow, spreading; achenes striate, minutely

pubescent. DO./1.c.392. Dill. Hort. Hlth. t. 104, f. 124. S. solidagi-

noides, Berg. Cap.284. Th. Cap. 681. 8S. sessilis, Th. Cap. 682. 8. sola-

dagineus, Spr. DC. l. e. 435. S. populifolius, Linn. Sp. 1224.

Var. 8. repandus ; leaves subentire, slightly repand or angular. (Cape Flats,

Herb. Hook.)

Has. Cape Flats, Thunberg ! Eckl. Wallich! W.H.H. &c. (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk.)

A corymbose, pale green bush, 1-2 feet high, much branched, the branches end-

ing in compound, often much divided, densely many-headed corymbs of yellow

flowers. Young parts cobwebbed or woolly, older glabrate. Leaves 14-2} inches

long, 4-14 wide, cuneate at base, with slightly recurved edges, coarsely callous-

toothed, the teeth broad and shallow. Iny. 2-3 lines long, shorter than the flowers.

Var. 8. (Hb. Hk.) has the leaves nearly entire, or obsoletely angled and callous-

denticulate.

115. S. coleophylins (Turez.! Bull. Mose. xxiv. ii. (1851) p. go); stem

erect, robust, rigid-herbaceous, glabrous or cobwebbed, branches erect,

ending in slender few-headed peduncles ; leaves clasping and adnate-

subdecurrent at base, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, rigid, sharply and

distantly toothed, with reflexed margins, spreading or deflexed, glabrous

and glossy above, white-woolly beneath; heads either solitary or 2-5

subcorymbose, long-pedicelled, 80~100-fl. or more; rays 10-12 purple;

inv. amply calycled, of many glabrous or cobwebbed, narrow scales;

achenes minutely granulated. Walp, Ann. V. p. 337.

Has. Mts. near Riv. Zondereinde, Zey.! 2953. (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

In foliage and general habit this nearly resembles S. oederiefolius, but the pedun-

culoid branches are slender and more nude, and the rays bright purple. Teeth of

the disc-fi. papillose at the apex.

116. 8. glastifolins (Linn. f. Suppl. 372); glabrous ; stem suffruticose

below, erect, branching; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, acute, coarsely

and unequally toothed, half-clasping, the lower more or less decurrent,

narrowed towards the base; panicle laxly corymbose, pedicels elongate ;

heads many-fl., radiate, the rays purple; inv. amply calycled with sub-

ulate bracteoles, glabrous ; achenes striate, puberulous. .DOC.//. ¢. 408.

Has. Table Mountain, Thunberg, East of Capetown, Burchell. Betw. Kabeljous

Riv. and Gamtoos R., and Groenvalei, near Bosch Riy., Drege/ (Herb. Th., D., Sd. Hk-)

Tall, strong-growing. Leaves 1-3 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, rigid, quite gla-

brous, when dry punctulate. Panicle many headed, the partial corymbs 3-5 headed.

‘Inv. campanulate, 4-5 lines diam. and about as long. Rays spreading, numerous,

purple, fading to dirty whitish in the herbarium,

§ 6. Micronosi. (Sp. 117-121.)

117. §. oliganthus (DC. ! 1. c. 390. excl. syn. Th. !); suffruticose, villoso-

tomentose, subsimple or branched, the branches virgate, closely leafy,

sub-pedunculoid and corymbiferous at the summit; leaves sessile, ovate

or shortly oblong, entire or 3-5 toothed, rigid, with subrevolute margins,

tomentose on one or both sides, faintly 3-nerved; corymbs dense, the

pedicels tomentose ; inv. sparingly calycled, of s~7 tomentose, membrane-

edged scales; heads discoid, 7-12-fl,; achenes glabrous.

Var. a. discolor; upper surface of leaves glabrous, green ; lower tomentose.

Var. B. concolor (DC.) ; both surfaces of leaves tomentose.

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 391

Has. Cape, Thunberg. Gauritz R., Burchell. Vanstaadensberg and Langekloof,

Drege! E.G Z.! Zey.! 2939. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 ft. high or more, the branches 10-18 inches long, straight, imbricated with

leaves for } of their length or more, thence passing into a sparsely leafy peduncle.

Leaves }-} inch long, 4-5 lines wide, commonly 3-toothed, but often toothed and

entire on the same branch. Toment. rusty, persistent. Inv. 2} lines long, shorter

than the flowers. Cacalia tomentosa, Th., referred to this by De Candolle, is a very

different species, our S. Thunbergii.

118. 8. quinquenervius (Sond.); stem erect, simple, suffruticose,

villoso-tomentose, closely imbricated with leaves; leaves sessile, half-

clasping at base, ovate or oblong-ovate, with reflexed edges, 3—5-ribbed

and densely tomentose beneath, cinereo-tomentulose and impress-nerved

above, either quite entire or 3—5-denticulate near the apex, now and

then with a minute, stipuloid lobule at base; corymb compact, branching,

several-headed, the pedicels short, tomentose ; heads 25—30-fl. ; inv.

subealycled, of 8-10, oblong, tomentose scales, shorter than the disc;

rays 5; achenes glabrous.

Has. Krakakamma, Uit., £.4@2.! (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Very similar in general habit to S. lineatus but more woolly, with broader, com-

monly 5-nerved leaves, not tapering to the base, and (in our specimens) very rarely

furnished with a single, minute, tooth-like basal-lobe, the margins more reflexed and

the apical teeth smaller. A small specimen, without habitat, is in Herb. Hk.,

glued on the same sheet with S. lineatus; of which this is perhaps a mere variety.

119. 8. lineatus (DC.! 1. c. 395) ; stem erect, simple, suffruticose,

cinereo-tomentose ; leaves crowded, sessile, at the very base furnished

on each side with 1-3 narrow lobules (sometimes wanting), lanceolate,

with recurved margins, either entire or coarsely few-toothed near the

apex, tomentose and 3-nerved beneath, tomentulose, becoming glabrous

above ; corymb somewhat peduncled, compact, branching, several-

headed, the pedicels tomentose, scaly ; heads 20—-25-fl.; inv. calycled,

the scales 8—9, oblong, acute, tomentulose, shorter than the disc ; rays

5-6, eq. the inv. scales; achenes glabrous. Cineraria lineata, Linn. f.

Th.! Cap. 670. S. persicifolius, Burm., fide DC.

. Cape, Burman, Thunberg! Round Capetown, Drege! Ecklon! P. !

Wit, Koegs R., Zey.! 2938. (Herb. Th., Dik, Sd.) a

Stem 1-2 f. high, virgate, imbricated with leaves, the uppermost smaller, narrower,

and passing into leaf-seales. All the young parts tomentose, the older leaves be-

coming nude above. Corymbs 12~30-headed. Inv. 4 lineslong. Rays yellow.

120, S. triplinervius (DC. 1.c. 395); stem suffruticose, erect, cinereo-

canescent, glabrescent at apex ; leaves sessile, lyrate, having at base on

each side 2-3 minute, approximate, lanceolate lobules, the terminal

lobe (or principal lamina) oblong or lanceolate, with recurved margins,

coarsely few-toothed near the apex, cinereo-tomentose and three-nerved

beneath, glabrous, with impressed veins above ; corymb lax, slightly

compound ; heads about 25-fl.; inv. minutely calycled, of about 8,

oblong, acute, glabrous scales, shorter than the disc ; rays 5—6, nearly

as long as inv. scales; achenes glabrous.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell, 5373. Kromrivier, Drege! (Herb. Sd.)

Only known to me by a small specimen, from Drege, in Hb. Sd. Except by the

392 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Senecio.

glabrous inv. scales, if this be constant, I cannot distinguish it from S. lineatus,

which often has basal leaf-lobes.

121. S. penninervius (DC. 1. c. 395); “stem suffruticose, erect, cinereo-

puberulous, somewhat naked upwards ; leaves sessile, lyrate, having at

base on each side 3-4 lanceolate lobules, the terminal lobe (or principal

lamina) lanceolate, serrate, penninerved and cinereo-pubescent beneath,

glabrous, with impressed veins above; corymb compound, many-headed ;

heads 25—30-f1.; inv. calycled, glabrous, half as long as the disc-fl. ;

rays twice as long as the involucre.” D0. l. ¢.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell, 5363. :

Unknown to me. It is said greatly to resemble 8S. triplinervius, but to differ in

the more distant leaf-lobes, here and there toothed, in the terminal lobe which is

serrate nearly throughout, and in the more numerous heads, Both are probably

mere vars. of S. lineatus.

§ 7. Leprotoni. (Sp. 122-138.)

122. §. umbellatus (Linn.); glabrous or nearly so; stem suffruticose

at base, erect, branching, striate; leaves linear, elongate, with strongly

revolute margins, acute, quite entire, or here and there sparsely and

irregularly toothed or pinnati-lobed, the teeth or lobes subulate, widely

spreading ; corymb laxly few-headed, the pedicels long and nearly nude;

heads many-fl., radiate, the ray purple; inv. amply calycled, with many

subulate bracteoles, of about 20 glabrous, narrow scales; achenes stri-

ate, puberulous. DC. l.c. 408. S. linifolius, Drege! ex pte. S. tenuilobus,

DC. t. c. 398.

Var. 8. latiusculus; leaves shorter, broader (1-14 inch long, 14-2 lines wide),

with less reflexed margins, denticulate.

Has. Cape Flats, Wallich! W. H.H.! Kamiesberg, Drege! 8. Betw. Vanstaa-

‘densberg and Bethelsdorp, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, forming a much-branched suffrutex, the lower parts ligneous,

the upper herbaceous. Leaves 2-3 inches long, $-1 line wide, more usually quite

entire and simple; but varying on the same branch to toothed or lobed. Infl. like

that of S. grandiflorus ; pedicels 2-3 inches long or more. Rays purple, but in Her-

baria often faded to an uncertain, dingy whitish or buff-colour: such specimens have

been distributed as “S. linifolius” (linoides? DC.) by Drege (Hb. Sd.). Eeklon’s

specimens (Hb. Sd.) are in a wretched condition, quite scabrous, and do not seem to

belong to our plant. 4S. tenuilobus, DC., unless it have yellow rays, which I cannot

determine from the imperfect specimens seen (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.), differs in no re-

spect from ordinary S. umbellatus.

123. S. grandiflorus (Berg. Cap. 280); herbaceous, perennial; stem

tall, strong, virgate, striate, nearly glabrous, leafy for the greater part,

nude and panicled at the summit; cauline leaves sessile, half-clasping,

pinnati-partite, the lobes on each side several, linear, acuminate, entire

or toothed, with subrecurved margins, the lowest short or toothlike, all

sparsely pilose or sub-glabrous; panicle laxly corymbose, the partial

corymbs 3~5-headed, the pedicels long and nude; heads many-fl., radiate,

the rays purple, disc yellow; inv. amply calycled with many subulate,

spreading bracteoles, of 18-20 narrow, glabrous scales; achenes black,

striate, minutely puberulous in the furrows. Less. Syn. 301. DC./ 1. ¢.

408. S. venustus, Ait. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 901. S. pauciflorus, Th,/ Herb.

Senecio. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 393

‘ hire 8. albidus; disc and ray-fl, whitish or very pale. 5S, albidus, E.M./ DC.

. ¢. 398.

Has. Summit and East side of Table Mt., Thunberg! Bowie/ Eckl.! W. H. H.,

Wallich! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 4-5 feet high, simple and closely leafy for } of their length; then gradually

nude, and ending in a spreading panicle. Leaves 3-6 inches long; the lobes 1-2

inches long, 1-2 lines wide. Inv. campanulate, 4-5 lines diameter. The name

* grandijflorus” is inappropriate, as many species have larger fi. heads.

124. S. leucoglossus (Sond.); stem herbaceous, erect, straight, rib-

striate, scabrous below, glabrous above, simple, ending in a loose, corym-

bose panicle ; leaves sessile, half-clasping, pinnati-partite, above very

scabrous with raised points, the rachis and lobes linear, with reflexed

edges, here and there sharply toothed, lobes few, distant, unequal, acute ;

corymbs few-headed, pedicels spreading, smooth, nude ; heads many-fl.,

radiate, the rays 10-12, white; inv. amply calycled with many subulate,

imbricating bracteoles, of 18-20 narrow, subulate, keeled, glabrous

scales; achenes hispidulous.

Has. Witsenberg, Zeyher! 943. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Root ligneous. Stems 1-2 ft. high, pale, branched only at the summit. Leaves

scattered, 1-1} inch long, the lobes 1-1} line wide, acute, very rough with sharp

points. The rays seem to be white ; by which character and that of the involucre

this differs from the nearly allied 8. muricatus, Th.

125. S. muricatus (Th.! Cap. 686) ; stem herbaceous, erect, ribstriate,

scabrous-pilose throughout, simple, ending in a loose, corymbose panicle ;

leaves sessile, half-clasping, pinnati-partite, above very rough with

swollen, jointed hairs, the rachis and lobes linear, entire, with revolute

margins, acute; lobes few anf distant; pedicels spreading, pilose, nude,

elongate; heads many-fl., radiate, rays 8-10, yellow; inv. calycled with

several lanceolate, flat, nerved bracteoles, of 12-13 broad, flat, nerved,

membrane-edged scales ; achenes puberulous. DC. l. ¢. 435.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Very similar to S. leucoglossus, but with involucre and calycle of much fewer, flatter

and broader scales ; yellow rays, fide Th.; and a more pilose pubescence.

126. S. parvifolius (DC.! 1. c. 396); suffruticose? erect, diffusely

much branched, quite glabrous; branches striate, pale; leaves scattered,

fleshy, small, irregularly inciso-serrate or pinnatifid with very short

lobes; fl. branches laxly subcorymbose, the pedicels very long, minutely

scaly ; inv. calycled, of 12-13 black-tipped, acute scales; disc-fl. 40-50,

rays 8—10, revolute ; achenes terete, pubescent.

Has. Modderfonteinsberg, Namaqualand, Drege’ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A very slender plant, 1-2 ft. high, much branched, with pale, straw-coloured stems

and branches, which seem ligneous at base. Leaves 4~{ inch long, the lobes 3-1

line long, toothlike. Pedicels 3-4 inches long, incurved.

127. S. Carroensis (DC.! 1. c. 396); herbaceous, diffusely branching,

glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves scattered, sessile, thickish, laxly

pinnati-partite, not eared at base, the lobes unequal, some short and

tooth-like, some subulate, acute, entire or denticulate; uppermost leaves

sometimes linear, entire; fl. branches forked or few-branched, pedicels

long, slender, with 1-2 minute scales; inv. calycled, of 10-12 glabrous,

394 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Seneczo.

nerved scales rather shorter than the disc; disc-fl. 25-30 ; rays 7-9,

small, not much exserted ; achenes minutely puberulous.

Has. Kendo, in stony and rocky places, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Root possibly annual? Stem slender, subpaniculate. Leayes 1-1} inch long,

the longer lobes 2-4 lines long, the shorter scarcely a line, } line wide. Pedicels

2-3 inches long. Our specimens are very imperfect.

128. S. pinnulatus (Thunb. Cap. 679); stem suffruticose at base,

erect, striate, simple or branched, pilose or glabrous; leaves sessile, often

ear-lobed at base, approximate, distantly pinnati-partite, the lobes on

each side 3-5, linear-elongate, acute, with reflexed or revolute margin,

quite entire or here and there minutely toothed, mostly glabrous; fl.

branches subnude upwards and loosely paniculate-corymbose, pedicels

slender, sparingly scaly; inv. calycled, of 12-15 glabrous, black-tipped

seales; dise-fl. 40-50, rays 8-10; achenes angular, pubescent. DC. l.¢.

396. Also S. scabriusculus, DC. l. ¢.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Stellenbosch and Caledon, FZ. Z./ Paarlberg, Draken-

steinberg, Dutoitskloof, and about Table Mt., Drege! Steendaal, Tulbagh, Dr.

Pappe! (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)

2-3 ft. high, with a subsimple, closely leafy lower stem, panicled and laxly leafy

or nude above. Leaves 1-2-3 inches long, the rachis and 1-14 inch long lobes from

4-1 line wide. Pubescence scanty, white, sometimes absent. Pedicels 1-3 inches

long, spreading. Inv. 4 lines long. Rays bright yellow, reflexed. I cannot dis-

tinguish S. scabriusculus, DC., which I have seen in Hb. Sd,

129. S. tanacetoides (Sond. !); stem suffruticose, diffuse or ascending 5

branches curved, woolly-canescent below, scabrous above, leafy; leaves

sessile or petioled, on both sides woolly-tomentose, canous, closely

pinnatisect, the lobes on each side 8-12, shortly linear, obtuse, simple

or 2—3-fid ; infl. loosely panicled, subcorymbose, the long, nearly nude

pedicels very scabrous; inv. scarcely calycled, of 12-13 very scabrous,

dark-tipped scales; disc-fl. 40-50, rays 12-13, 4-lined; achenes 5-

angled, glabrous.

Has. ruit and Dornkop, Zey. ! Wi ‘i

5 eb e aa. Hk) p, Zey./ 934, and Burke! Witteberg, T. Cooper,

Stems numerous, woody at base, at first decumbent, then ascending-erect, 1-2 ft-

long ; the lower part nude and glabrate ; the medial leafy and white-woolled ; the

upper green, scabrous, not woolly and sparsely leafy or nude. Leaves about uncial,

sessile and petioled on the same specimen, the lobes 2~3 lines long, very close.

Pedicels 2-3 inches long. Inv. scales 4 lineslong. Rays pale yellow.

180. 8. achillezfolius (DC.! L. c. 396); quite glabrous or cobwebby;

stem suffruticose, erect, virgate, branching; branches terete, leafy; leaves

sessile, somewhat fleshy, closely pinnatisect, the lobes on each side 8-

10, shortly linear, with recurved edges, subacute, the lower quite entire,

the upper often bifid or 3—s-toothed ; pedicels subcorymbose, elongate,

scaly, or branches subpedunculoid and one-headed ; inv. nude or nearly

so, of 12-13 broad, flat, glabrous, membrane-edged scales; disc-fl. 50 OF

more, rays 10-12; achenes 5-angled, glabrous.

Var. 8. glaucescens; more slender, with less corymbose infl., the branches thinly

cobwebbed. 8. glaucescens, DO.! 1. ¢. (Herb. Sond.)

‘Has. Sneeuweberg, and Ondeberg, and in the Winterveld, 3-4000 f. Drege’ Damp

Senecio. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 395

es Graaf-Reinet, Mrs. F. W. Barber. 8. Zwartbulletje, Drege! (Herb. D.,

mia

Stems rigid and ligneous, but Mrs. Barber calls it “a branching annual:” pos-

sibly by inadvertence. Branches closely or sparsely leafy, 6-12 inches long. Leaves

1-14 inch long, their lobes 2-3 or 4-5 lines long, simple or lobulate. Heads some-

times solitary, more generally in few-headed, long pedicelled corymbs. Inv. with

1-2 scales at base or nude; its scales 3-4 lines long, 1 line wide, green, white-

edged, flat. Var. 8. seems merely a weak-growing specimen.

131. S. serrurioides (Turcz.! 1 c. p. 89); stem suffruticose, erect,

branching, densely leafy, glabrous or scaberulous; branches angle-striate,

leafy-below, subpedunculoid upwards ; leaves sessile, glabrous or sca-

berulous, rigid, closely pinnatisect, the lobes on each side 8—12, linear-

terete, acute, the lower entire, the upper bifid or lobulate ; heads soli-

tary or in pairs on long, sparsely leafy or nude, scabrous, pedunculoid

branches ; inv. nearly nude at base, of 12-15 flat, acwminate, scabrous,

membrane-edged scales ; disc-fl. 80-100; rays 10-12, longer than the

inv., 4-lined ; achenes 5-angled, glabrous. Walp. Ann. Bot. 5, p. 337.

Has. Moist places on the Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zey.! 2974. (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very near S. achilleefolius, but much stronger, more densely leafy, with fewer,

larger, and less corymbose fl. heads, and scabrous peduncles and inyolucre. Leaves

imbricating, 1-11 inch long, their lobes } line wide, 5-8 lines long ; inv. scales 5-6

lines long, taper-pointed.

182. S. euryopoides (DC.! 1. c. 396); glabrous or nearly so; stem

sufiruticose, erect, virgate, densely leafy, terete, corymbose at the sum-

mit; leaves imbricating, sessile, ear-lobed at base, pinnati-partite, the

lobes on each side 6-8, linear-elongate, with recurved edges, acute, quite

entire ; corymb compound, the pedune. long, nude, the pedicels scaly;

iny. calycled, of 12-15 acuminate, glabrous scales; disc-fl. 35-40, rays

8-10, oblong, multistriate ; achenes glabrous.

Has. Between Welgelegen and Onzer, Langekloof, Drege / (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem 2~3 feet high, closely invested with leaves throughout. Leaves 14-2 inches

long, the lobes 1-14 inch long, not $ line wide, flat. Peduncles 4-6 inches long ;

pedicels 4-1 inch. Iny. 3 lines long. Rays about as long, broad for their length.

133. S. pinnatifidus (Less.! Syn. 391, non DC.); quite glabrous; stem

suffruticose, erect, striate, closely leafy, subsimple; leaves bipinnati-

partite, the lobes narrow-linear, with recurved edges, acute, spreading,

quite entire; fl. branches partly nude upwards, ending in a subsimple,

few-headed lax corymb, or ina panicle of many such corymbs; pedicels

elongate, scaly; inv. calycled, turbinate, of 12-13 scales, 30—-40-fl.,

discoid, shorter than the fi. ; achenes glabrous. 8. abrotanoides, E.

Mey.! DC.! 1.¢.397. Doria bipinnata, Herb. Thunb.! Th. Cap. p. 675.

Cacalia pinnatifida, Berg. Cap. 230, fide Less. l. c.

Has. Hantam, Thunberg! Piquetberg, Drege! Winterhoek and at the Waterfall,

Tulbagh, Pappe? (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very similar in habit and foliage to S. bipinnatus, but readily known by its many-

flowered heads, either loosely panicled or in a simple corymb. Thunberg’s specimens

quite agree with those of recent collectors.

134. S. foeniculoides (Harv.) ; quite glabrous ; stem suffruticose, erect,

striate, closely leafy; leaves bipinnati-partite, the lobes narrow-linear

396 ‘COMPOSITE (Haryv.) [ Senecio.

with recurved edges, acute, entire; fl. branches partly nude upwards,

ending in a closely much-branched, many-headed, fastigiate corymb;

pedicels short, erect, scaly ; inv. calycled, of 7-8 scales, 12-15-fl., shorter

than the fl.; achenes glabrous. S. pinnatifidus, DC. / 1. c. 397, excl. syn,

also S. bipinnatus, DC./ 1. ¢., excl. syn.

Has. Cape Flats, Ecklon! Zey.! 1045, W. H. H. At the 24 Rivers, Drege! (Herb.

D., Sd., Hk.)

Very similar to S. bipinnatus in habit and foliage, but with larger fl. heads, and

more scaly pedicels, &c. Ecklon’s specimens, quoted by DC. under his “ 8. bipinnatus,”

seem to me identical with Drege’s, quoted under ‘ 8. pinnatifidus” by DC.

135. S. bipinnatus (Less. ! Syn. 391, non DC.); quite glabrous ; stem

suffruticose, erect, striate, densely leafy; leaves bipinnati-partite, the

lobes narrow-linear, with recurved edges, acute, spreading, quite entire;

fl. branches partially nude upwards, ending in a very compound, dense

corymb, pedicels fastigiate, erect, scaly; inv. sparingly calycled, cylin-

drical, of 5-6 oblong, scales, discoid, 4—6-f1., shorter than the flowers;

achenes glabrous. S. guinqueflorus, DC./ 1. c. 396. Cacalia bipinnata,

Th.! Cap. 626, excl. syn. Berg. -

Var. £. triflorus; inv. scales 3! lanceolate-acuminate; fi. three. (Hb. Hk., D.)

Has. Summit of Table Mt., Thunberg/ W. H. H./ Drakenstein, Pappe! B. Swel-

lendam, Mundt.! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems 1-2 ft. high, with long, virgate, densely leafy branches. Leaves 1-2 inches

long, decompound-pinnatisect, the lobes and lobules not } line wide. Whole plant

strongly scented. Corymb much divided, level-topped. Inv. scales and flowers

commonly 5-6; in 8. but three. This is the true ‘“ Cacalia bipinnata” of Thunb.

136. §. rhyncholenus (DC.! 1. c. 397); glabrous or nearly so, some-

what viscidulous; stem herbaceous, tall, erect, angle-striate, leafy ; lower

leaves on long petioles, bipinnati-partite, the upper subsessile, ear-lobed

at base, pinnatisect, lobes of all linear, 1-nerved, with reflexed edges,

spreading, subacute, entire or toothed ; fl. branches loosely corymbose,

few-headed; pedicels sparingly scaly; heads oblong, discoid, 12—15-fl.5

inv, subcalycled, of 10-12 narrow, scaberulous, taper-pointed scales, as

long as the disc or longer; achenes striate, sparsely hispidulous oF

glabrous. :

onry * caeiaieay to Omsameaba, Drege! Zululand, Gerr.& M‘K., 1057. (Hb.

Root, according to Mr. Gerrard, annual. Stems 2 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 inches

long, multi-partite, 2-3-pinnatisect, viscidulous: lobes scarcely 1 line wide. Inv.

4-5 lines long. Lobes of the corolla barbellate. Ridges of the achenes minutely

rough, otherwise glabrous. Mr. Gerrard says that the Zulu Caffirs dry this plant

as a perfume.

137. S. multicaulis (DC.! 1. c. 398) ; stems many from the crown,

ascending-erect, leafy at base, laxly leafy, becoming nude upwards,

loosely panicled at the summit, glabrous, striate ; leaves sessile, the

lower sparsely pilose, incise-toothed or shortly few-lobed, or pinnatifi

toward the apex, the upper linear, erect, glabrous, quite entire, all with

revolute margins, acute ; pedicels long, nearly nude ; heads discoid,

40—-50-fl.; inv. calycled with many subulate bracteoles, of 12-15 dark.

tipped, glabrous scales ; achenes puberulous. 4S. mudticaulis, sp. “%

Hb. Drege, excl. “b,”

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 397

Has. Ezelsbank, 3-4000 f., Drege/_ (Herb. Sond.)

Root ligneous. Stems bent at base, 1-14 ft. high, slender, pale, striate. Lower

leaves close, 1-1} in. long, their lobes in 2-3 pair, 1-3 lines long; upper leaves few,

very erect, 1-1} inch long, 4 line wide. Panicle subeorymbose. Drege’s specimens

marked “b” (in Hb. Hk.) have radiate heads, and seem to belong to S. wmbellatus.

138. S. paniculatus (Berg. Cap. 277); suffruticose, glabrous or nearly

so; branches virgate, leafy below, pedunculoid above and loosely corym-

bose or panicled ; leaves polymorphous, slender, elongate, with strongly

revolute margins, either all quite entire or some entire and some sparingly

pinnati-partite, or all pinnati-partite, with few and distant, entire or

toothed lobes; corymb diffuse, few-headed, simple or branched, the

pedicels long and scaly ; heads discoid, many-fl.; inv. amply calycled

with many subulate bracteoles, of 16-24 narrow, tapering, dark-tipped

scales ; achenes hispidulous.

Var, a. peucedanifolius; leaves all pinnati-partite, often toothed at base, the lobes

in few pair, entire or few-toothed. S. peucedanifolius, Linn. f. DC.1.c. 397. Jacobea

pewedanifolia, Th.! Cap. 677. Cacalia peuced., Jacq. Ie. var. 581. Zey.! 944.

Var. 8. intermedius ; leaves some quite entire, linear-elongate ; some with a few

short lateral lobes ; some pinnati-partite, with long lobes. Zey.! 2969.

Vas. y. reclinatus ; usually more robust, with larger fl. heads, but variable; leaves

all linear-elongate, entire or the revolute margins toothed. 8S, reclinatus, Linn. f.

DC. 1. c. 398. L’ Her. Stirp. Nov. t. 5. 8. graminifolius, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 180. 8S.

Chrysocoma, Meerb. Ic. t. 156. Jacob. reclinata, Th.! Cap. 675. J. bidentata, Th.!

Cap. 676.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Var. a. Clanw., Worcester and Swellendam, £. ¢ Z./

Drakenstein and Paarl, Drege/- Banghoek, W.H.H. Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Pappe!

8. Riv. Zondereinde, Zey.! ‘y. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, Drege/ E. ¢ Z.?

P. McOwan! &e. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Very variable in foliage and in the size of the fl. heads, but var. 8. seems com-

pletely intermediate in character between a. and y. Stem 2-3 ft. high, erect or

diffuse, very pale, terete, with raised strie, closely leafy below. Leaves 2-3 inches

long or more, 1 line wide, the lobes, when present, equally narrow, all with strongly

revolute margins and glabrous. Infl. widely spreading. Heads from 3 to 7 lines

long, 3-6 lines diameter. Pedicels 1-3 inches long. Calycle 2~3-seriate, of subulate

or lanceolate bracteoles. Except for the discoid heads it is very similar to S. umbellatus.

§ 8. Lepropnynu. (Sp. 139-155.)

139. S, angustifolius (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 1973); suffruticose, glabrous ;

branches erect, slender, angle-striate,. sparsely leafy ; leaves narrow-

linear, with recurved edges, quite entire, mucronate ; infl. loosely

panicled or subcorymbose, pedicels long, slightly scaly ; heads discoid,

30-40-fl. ; inv. sparingly calycled, of 12-14 narrow, glabrous scales ;

achenes puberulous. DC.l.c. 399. Jacobea angustifolia, Th.! Cap. 675.

Has. Cape, Thunbery! Worcester, EZ. ¢ Z.! Riv. Zondereinde, Zey.! 2970.

Zeederberg, Drege (fide DC.) Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

A much-branched half-shrub, 1-2 ft. high, woody at base, with many slender,

pale, rigid, erect branches. Leaves 1-1} in. long, not } line diam. Corymbs 3-5

headed, the pedicels 1-1} in. long. Inv. pale, shorter than the fl., strongly reflexed

in age. Calycle of very small, dark-tipped bracteoles, few or several.

140. S. niveus (Less.! Syn. 392) ; suffruticose, slender, cano-tomen-

tose, branching, branches white-woolly, corymbiferous ; leaves sessile,

linear, blunt, with revolute margins, fleshy, at first albo-tomentose,

398 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Senecio.

becoming glabrate ; corymbs few-headed, the pedicels mostly without

scales; inv. sparingly calycled, of 14-16 canous scales ; heads discoid,

30-40-fl.; achenes striate, canescent. DC./ 1. c. 390. Jacobea nivea,

Th.! Cap. 676, and Doria nivea, Th.! Cap.673 Cineraria nivea, Willd.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Silverfontein, Drege! Namaqualand, Eckl. Betw. Zack

and Gariep R., Burchell. Springbokkeel, Zeyher / 945. (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 ft. high, straggling, with many long, lax, sparsely leafy branches, ending in

a few corymbose heads. Tomentum sometimes very copious, sometimes scanty.

141. S, persicifolius (Linn. Amoen. 6, Afr. 82); stem herbaceous,

rigid, angular and striate, glabrous or cobwebbed, branching ; branches

corymbiferous ; leaves scattered, ear-clasping, linear, entire, with strongly

revolute margins, obtuse, glabrate above, woolly beneath ; corymbs

closely few-headed, the pedicels short ; inv. of 10-12 glabrous scales,

calycled and woolly at base ; heads 20~—30-f1., discoid ; achenes hispi-

dulous. DC. 1. c. 389. Jacobeea persicifolia, Th.! Cap. 676.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb, Thunb.)

Stem 12-18 inches high, slender, laxly branched ; the branches long, simple or

divided, floriferous. Leaves scattered, subdistant, 1-11 inch long, not a line wide,

but with well-developed basal ears. Pubescence cobwebby and fugacious. Heads

5-10, in subglobose, dense corymbs. Inv. 3 lines long, shorter than the disc ;

scales of the calycle brown-tipped.

142. S. mucronatus (Willd. Sp. 1974); suffruticose, cobwebby-to-

mentose, much branched, the branches eanescent, corymbiferous ; leaves

half-clasping and often unidentate at base, linear-subulate, subpungent

mucronate, with revolute margins, punctulate and glabrate (the younger

cobwebby) above, tomentose beneath; corymb lax, compound, the pedi-

cels copiously scaly below the head ; iny. calycled, of 14-16 glabrous,

barbellate scales; heads discoid, 20-30-fl.; achenes cano-pubescent.

DC. l. ¢. 3990. JSacobeca mucronata, Th.! Cap. 676.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Worcester, Eckl. Paarl and Kl. Drakenstein, Drege! Rie-

beck’s Kasteel, Zey.! 946. Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much-branched bush, 1-2 feet high, all the young parts copiously flocculent.

Leaves 1-2 inches long, 1 line wide, from a broadish base, which is very frequently

produced at each side into a tooth-like ear. Corymbs spreading, 10-20-headed.

Heads 3 lines long. It much resembles 8. rosmarinifolius, but has discoid heads, and

broad-based, often auricled leaves, &c. It is still nearer to S. juniperinus, from the

narrow-leaved forms of which it only differs by the discoid heads.

143. §. leptophyllus fea lc. 400); suffruticose, erect, branching;

stem terete, sparingly cobwebbed ; leaves linear, with revolute margins,

entire, ear-clasping, the auricle small, toothed or subentire ; corymbs

"laxly few-headed, pedicels nude; heads discoid, 50-Go-fl.; inv. calycled,

of about 15-margined scales ; achenes puberulous.

Has. Uitvlugt, and near Kendo, Drege! Common on the Eastern Frontier,

Mrs. F. W. Barber ! 398. (Herb. Sd., D.) 2

A rigid suffrutex, 1-2 feet high, with the leaves and inflorescence of S. Burchellit,

but discoid fl. heads. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 1 line wide, the auricle small and

sometimes obsolete. Mrs. Barber’s specimens agree well with a poor one from Dreg%

in Herb. Sond.

144. S, Diodon (DC.! 1. c. 399) ; stem herbaceous, erect, branched,

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 399

sparingly hispid below, glabrous and fistular above ; leaves lance-linear,

elongate, glabrous, with subrecurved edges, denticulate, ear-clasping,

the auricle deeply 2-5-toothed or lobed; corymbs few-headed, pani-

cled; pedicels long, nearly nude; heads discoid, 80-100-fl.; inv. caly-

cled with several lanceolate, black-tipped bracteoles, of 16-20 flat, gla-

brous, taper-pointed scales; achenes puberulous.

Has, Clanwilliam, Ecklon! Brackfontein, Zey./ (Herb. Sd., Cap.)

Stem tall, 2-3 feet high (or more ?), but weak and herbaceous. ‘Lvs. 2-3 inches

long, 2-3 lines wide, conspicuously eared at base, the ear deeply several-toothed ;

those of the upper leaves occasionally much more developed and pectinate-partite.

Inv. shorter than the fl., the bracts of calycle broader than common.

145. S. Skirrhodon (DC. 1. c. 401); “herbaceous? erect, quite gla-

brous ; stem striate, naked at the apex and bifid, 2-headed ; leaves

sessile, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, on each side with 10-12

callous teeth ; pedicels sparingly scaly ; inv. calycled, of 15-18 scales,

ay equalling the disc ; disc-fl. 100, rays 11-13 ; achenes glabrescent.”

i =

Has. Omsamwubo and Omsameulo, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

146. S. serrulatus (DC. 1 c. 401); hcsheaiins sparingly branched,

virgate, glabrous; branches long, striate, nude above ; leaves sessile,

elongate-linear, serrulate, acute; panicle narrow, racemose ; bracteoles

of the calycle linear, acuminate, subciliate ; inv. of 12 scales as long as

the disc; rays 10-12, oblong; disc-fl. 30; achenes glabrous.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Witbergen, 6-7000 f., Drege. (Unknown to us.)

“2 ft. high, suffr. at base. Lvs. 21 in. long, 1 line wide. Thyrsus oblong.” DC.

147. S, ineequidens (DC. 1. c. 401) ; rigidly herbaceous, erect, pani-

culately branched, nearly glabrous ; stem and branches angle-striate ;

cauline leaves clasping and often eared at base, linear, acute, with

revolute margins, some pinnatifid with 2-4 pair of short, spreading

lobes, some unequally and coarsely toothed, and others denticulate, the

teeth inflexed ; inf. very lax, subcorymbose, the pedicels very long and

nearly nude, spreading ; inv. calycled, glabrous, of about 20 scales ;

disc-fl. 60o~70, rays 10; achenes closely puberulous.

Has. Cape, Drege. Near the Zwartkops R., Uit., Zeyher! 2963. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Root fibrous, much-branched ; possibly annual. Stems 1-2 ft. high, much-

branched, the branches spreading. Leaves 14 in. long, 2-3 1. wide, very variable

in their toothing or lobes, but always with revolute edges. Of Drege’s plant I have

only seen a scrap (in Hb. Sd.) which seems the same as Zeyher’s, here described.

148. S. filifolius (Harv., non Berg.) ; suffruticose, much-branched,

quite glabrous, the branches slender, terete incurved ; leaves half-

clasping, the uppermost often eared and toothed at base, filiform, with

strongly revolute margins, acute, either quite entire or Furnished with a

few unequal, alternate, spreading, filiform, lateral lobes ; inf. loosely

panicled, pedicels very long, subcorymbose, angular, sparsely scaly,

curved ; inv. ecalycled, of 12-13 narrow scales ; disc-fl. 40-50, rays

6-8, revolute ; achenes hispidulous on the stria. 8S. Linifolius, Th. !

Cap. 678, excl. syn.

400 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Senecio.

Has. Cape, Thunterg! (fol. 2). Zwarteberg, Caledon, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th.,

D., Hk., Cap.)

Stems very rigid and wiry, ligneous at base, slender; the bark often purple or

dark. Leaves 1}-2 inches long, not 3 line wide, appearing terete from the strongly

revolute margins, perfectly simple and distantly and unequally pinnati-lobed inter-

mixed on the same branch. Panicle widely spreading ; pedicels 3-4 inches long.

Rays creamy white. The leaves in Thunberg’s specimen are quite entire ; in other

respects it agrees with Dr. Pappe’s.

149, S. debilis (Harv.); suffruticose at base, nearly or quite glabrous;

stem slender, angle-striate, diffusely branched, ascending-erect ; leaves

distant, narrow-linear, acute, with revolute margins, entire; pedunc. —

terminal, long, filiform, sparsely scaly, one-headed ; inv. shortly calycled,

of about 20 acute scales; disc-fl. 40-50; rays 10-12, revolute; achenes

puberulous. S. linaricefolius, Drege, ex pte. and S. paniculatus, Drege,

litt. c. (excl. litt. a. and b.)

Has. Hexrivierskloof and Zuureberg, betw. Enon and Driefontein, Drege/ Uiten-

hage, Zey.! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Perhaps 2 ft. high, laxly branched, very slender, with sparse foliage. Leaves 1$

inch long, {-1 line wide, either completely revolute at edges, and thus filiform, or

flattish, with the margin reflected, and sometimes minutely callous denticled. Pedune.

5-8 inches long, pale. Inv. 3—4 lines long, shorter than the disc ; raysyellow, strongly

revolute, Calycle not a line long. Drege seems to have confounded more than one

species under his ‘ S. linariafolius;” the plant so named in Hb. Sond. is different

from that here described, and may belong to S. Burchellii. Whether our plant be

identical or not with S. linoides, DC., I cannot say.

150. 8. longifolius (Linn.? Sp. 1222); quite glabrous ; stem shrubby,

much branched, flexuous, the older branches nude and cicatricised, the

younger and twigs closely leafy; leaves linear-elongate, very narrow,

quite entire, tapering to both ends, acute, thickish or fleshy (commonly

terete-involute), witha slender midrib; corymbs peduncled, compound,

spreading, the divisions few-headed, pedicels nearly nude ; heads radiate,

25-30-fl.; inv. slightly calycled, of 10-12 narrow scales; rays oblong,

about 5; achenes puberulous. Cineraria filifolius, Th.! Cap. 669. 8:

longifolius. DC. 1. c. 400, ex pte.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Hill sides in Albany, Uitenhage, and Caffraria, Mundt.!

Eckl.! Zey.! 2978; T. Williamson, W. 8. M. D’ Urban, 54; MacOwan, 145. Tzata-

kamma, Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Hk.) :

A large shrub, with curved ash-coloured branches, nude and rough below. Leaves

3-6 inches long, 1-1} line wide, apparently terete from the strongly involute edges,

occasionally flat, becoming dark in drying and probably shrinking. Pedune. term

nal, nude, pale, 3-9 inches long, bearing a loosely much branched corymb. Drege’

specimens in Hb. D., Hk., under this name belong to S. Burchellii; possibly also

that in Hb. Sd.

151. 8. rosmarinifolius (Linn. f. suppl. 369); stem shrubby, erech

branches virgate, leafy, cobwebbed or glabrate; leaves lance-linear oF

linear, entire or denticulate, with revolute edges, midribbed beneath,

glabrous or cobwebbed, or scaberulous; corymb peduncled, branched,

its divisions compactly many-headed ; pedicels short, scaly; heads radi-

ate, 50—G6o-fl.; rays 8-10, broad; invol. calycled, of 12-15 glabrous OF

cobwebbed, narrow scales; achenes hispidulous on the stria. Zhunb./

Cap. 678. DO@.!1.¢.400. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 587. S. asper, Ait. Kew. 35

Senecio. ] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 401

Pp. 196. Jacob. mucronata, Th. ! Cap. 676 (more cobwebbed, with looser

inflorescence). S. rigescens, Jacq. Coll. 5, t. 6, f. 1. S. longifolius, Berg.?

Cap. 279.

Var. 8, cristatus ; leaves half-clasping and 2-3 toothed or ear-crested at the very

base. 4. cristatus, Th. Cap. 679.

Has. Common round Capetown, and Eastwards to Uitenhage and Albany, Zey.!

2961. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A bush, 1-3 ft. high, either whitish from cobwebby, loose hairs, or nearly glabrous.

Leaves 1-3 inches long, 1-3 lines wide, either simple at base, or in 8. somewhat

eared and toothed. Heads like those of S. rigidus, about 2 lines long.

152. S. Burchellii (DC. 1. c. 401); stem suffruticose, erect, scabro-

pubescent or glabrous, striate; leaves half-clasping and minutely eared

and toothed at base, linear, entire or denticulate, with revolute margins;

fl. branches nude or sparsely leafy, loosely corymbose or panicled ;

pedicels elongate, scaly; inv. of about 12 scales, glabrous, calycled ;

Pete about 40, rays 5-7, flat; achenes minutely puberulous. Sieb./

ap. 34.

Has. Cape Flats, Burchell, Mundt! Sieber! Wallich! C. Wright, 294. (Herb.

Hk., Sd., D.)

A scrubby, half woody bush, with the habit of S. rosmarinifolius, but much looser

inflorescence, the heads of twice larger size, on long pedicels, very few in the corymbs,

or subsolitary. Stem more or less rough with minute, rigid hairs. Leaves 1-2 in.

long, 1 line wide. Pedicels 1-3 in. long. S. linariefolius, Drege ! (Hb. Sd.) partl

belongs to this; partly to S. debilis (Hb. Hk,). : a!

153. S. vimineus (DC.? 1. c. 400); suffruticose, quite or nearly gla-

brous; main branches virgate, terete, striate, sparsely leafy ; leaves

(often with axillary leaf-tufts), narrow-linear, quite entire, with slightly

revolute margins, stem-clasping at base, callous-tipped ; fl. branches

spreading, few-headed; heads subcorymbose, on long, scaly pedicels;

inv. of 20-22, narrow, dark-tipped, acuminate scales, calycled with

several flat, dark-tipped bracteoles; disc-fl. 80-100; rays 10-12, re-

flexed; achenes silky.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell. Basutuland, 7. Cooper! 716. (Herb. D.)

Probably 2 ft. high, loosely branched ; branches 1-14 ft. long, very pale, simple

or with a few subterminal, widely spreading branchlets, ending in a corymb of 3-8

heads. Leaves 1-2 inches long, } line wide, pale-green, quite glabrous. Pedicels

2-4 inches long, bearing several scales. Inv. 4 lines long, 5 lines diameter, pale, of

many narrow, white-edged, glabrous scales. Calycle ample, its bracteoles conspicu-

ously dark-tipped. .Whether this be DOC.’s “S. vimineus” or not, I cannot tell :

if not, it must be very near it. I describe from Mr. Cooper's specimens.

154. §. dracunculoides (DC.! l.c. 400); scarcely suffruticose, erect,

much-branched, glabrous; branches angularly compressed, flexuous ;

leaves sparse, half-clasping and often eared at base, linear, subacute,

quite entire, with reflexed margins; corymbs loosely few-headed, pedi-

cels sparsely scaly; inv. calycled, of about 18 narrow, keeled, dark-

tipped scales ; dise-fl. 50-60, rays 10-12 ; achenes striate, quite glabrous.

Has. Near the Zwartkop’s R., Uit., Ecklon! (Herb. Cap.)

I describe from one of Ecklon’s sp. in the Cape Govt. Herb., which agrees well

with DQ@.’s character; other specimens distributed by Ecklon are diverse. One in

Hb. Sd. seems to belong to S. inequidens, a nearly allied sp., differing in foliage and

in its pubescent achenes. The leaves are thickish, 14 in. long, 2-3 lines wide.

VOL, 1. 26

402 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Senecio.

155. S. hirtellus (DC.! 1. c. 401); suffruticose, suberect or diffusely

branched; stem copiously and rigidly pubescent, young parts also cob-

webbed ; leaves linear, entire, scabro-pubescent or rigidly hairy, with

strongly revolute margins, stem-clasping at base; fl. branches peduncu-

loid upwards, the pedune. long, nude, glabrate or hispid, one or two-

headed ; inv. calycled, glabrate, of 18-20 scales ; disc-fl. 60-80; rays

10-12, revolute ; achenes hispidulous.

Var. 8. subcorymbosus (DC.) ; leaves more hairy ; branches 3-5-headed.

Has. Uitenhage, Ecklon 8. in Albany, Eckl.; Howison’s Poort, H. Hutton!

(Herb. D., Cap.) :

A small, weak, much branched, half-ligneous plant, 6-18 inches high. Lower

half of branches closely leafy ; pedunc. 4-6 inches long. Leaves 1-14 inch long, ¢

line wide, like those of S. rosmarinifolius, either copiously or scantily clothed with

short, curled, whitish hairs.

§9. Puouroti. (Sp. 156-157.)

156. 8. pinifolius (Lam., dict. 3, p. 263); shrubby, glabrous; branches

erect, imbricate with leaves to the summit, or scaly above, one-headed ;

leaves crowded, rigid, acerose-triquetrous, mucronate, erect or spreading 5

heads radiate, many-fl., rays 3-8, spreading; inv. calycled with several

subulate bracteoles, of 12-18 flat, lanceolate, glabrous scales ; achenes

glabrous. DC. 1. c. 399. Inula pinifolia, Linn, Th.! Cap. p. 667. Cine-

raria laricifolia, Lam. dict. 2, p. 8. Hubertia pinifolia, Sieb. Cap. 31.

Has. About Capetown, common ; extending eastwards to Uitenhage and Albany.

(Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem 6-18 in. high, variable in habit ; branches curved or straight. Leaves }-1

inch long, imbricating. Heads either solitary, corymbose or somewhat racemose,

large or sm: Distinguished from S, triqueter by its radiate fl. heads. It is a much

commoner plant.

157. S. triqueter (Less.! Linn. p. 251); shrubby, glabrous; branches

erect, virgate, imbricated with leaves, subpedunculoid, scaly and one-

headed at apex ; leaves crowded, rigid, acerose-triquetrous, mucronate}

heads discord, many-fl.; inv. slightly calycled, of 14-18 broad, flat,

lance-oblong, glabrousscales; achenesglabrous, compressed. DO. 1.¢. 399:

Has. Cape Flats, Thunberg! Burchell, E. § Z.! W.H.H., &c. Hott. Holl. Bg.

Mundt! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-14 ft. high, rigid, nude and cicatricised below, closely leafy above. Leaves

j-1 in, long, erecto-patent. Pedune. short or long, more or less covered with reduced,

sceale-like leaves. Heads 5-6 lines long, equally broad. Very Similar, except in its

discoid heads, to S. pinifolius, with which it was associated by Thunberg. Both vary

in the size of the head.

§ 10. Scanpentes. (Sp. 158-166.)

158. 8. mikanioides (Otto MSS.) ; scandent, quite glabrous ; leaves

petiolate, sharply 5~7-angled or lobed, hastate or cordate at base, the

lobes deltoid or obsolete, with broad, shallow interspaces; fl. branches

terminal and axillary, with a few depauperated leaves, bearing 2 cont —

pound, many-headed corymb ; inv. very sparingly calycled, of 8-9

narrow seales, shorter than the flowers; heads discoid, 8—10-fi.; achenes

hispidulous on the strix, scandens, DC./ 1. c. 404, excl. syn. Th-

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 403

Cacalia scandens, Zey.! Coll. 157. Mikania senecioides, Hort. Delairea

odorata, Lemaire. Breonia palmata, Hort.

Has. Forests of Uitenhage, Albany and Caffraria, Burchell, E. § Z.! &c. Zey.!

2977. Katberg, H. Hutton! Natal, 7. Cooper, 1130. Cult. in Cape and European

gardens. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A much branched, climbing suffrutex, many feet high. Petioles 1-1} inch long,

slender, sometimes auricled at base. Leaves somewhat fleshy, drying thin, iry-shaped,

variably lobed or angled. Corymb generally much branched, on weak shoots sub-

simple. Inv. scarcely 2 lines long, much shorter than the flowers. As this is not

Thunberg’s “ Cacalia scandens ;” and as the name “ scandens” is already occupied for

an Indian species, I am compelled to reject it.

159. S. deltoideus (Less.! Syn. 392) ; scandent, much branched, gla-

brous or nearly so; leaves petiolate, often ear-stipuled at base of petiole,

deltoid-hastate, acuminate, unequally multi-dentate; corymbs from the

upper axils or in a terminal panicle, divaricate, forked, several-headed ;

iny, scarcely calycled, of about 5 oblong, blunt scales; fl. 5-6; achenes

hispid on the striae. DC./l.c. 404; also 8. Mikanie, DC.! and S.

Mikaniceformis, DC.! l. c. 405. Cacalia scandens, Th.! Cap. 625. Mi-

kania auriculata, Willd.

Has. Uit., Albany, Caffraria and Natal; frequent. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched, angularly bent, slender climber, several feet long. Leaves on

uncial petioles, 1-2 inches long, 3-14 in. wide, trowel-shaped, more or less cordate at

base, tapering to an acute point. Corymbs on very short peduncles, from the axils

of the upper leaves or of leaf-scales, 6-12-headed ; sometimes in a divaricate panicle.

Inv. 2 lineslong. Cooper's 1124, 1313 and 1513 belong to this,

160. S. canalipes (DC. 1. c. 405); “suffrut., quite glabrous; branches

terete ; leaves ovate, acute, here and there toothed, acuminate, produced

at base into a very narrowly winged, channelled petiole, which is angular

at back; corymb dichotomous, panicled; heads discoid, 12-15-fl.; inv.

of 1 2-15 scales, calycled ; achenes terete, glabrous.” DC. /.c.

Has. Galgebosch, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

‘161. 8. quinquelobus (DC. 1. c. 404) ; scandent, quite glabrous ; lvs.

petiolate, sharply 5—7-angled or lobed, cordate at base, the lobes deltoid

or obsolete, with broad, shallow interspaces ; fl. branches with a few

depauperated leaves, 3-5-headed; inv. amply calycled with broad,

spreading bracteoles, of 12-15 scales; heads discoid, fi. 40-50; achenes

glabrous.. Cacalia quinqueloba, Th. ! Cap. 626.

Vas. 8. helminthoideus (Sch. B.); interspaces of the leaf-lobes denticulate ;

achenes hispidulous.

Has. Forests of Uitenhage and Albany, Thunberg! E. ¢ Z.! Drege! Cooper,

1514, MacOwan, 274. Katberg, H. Hutton. 8. Natal, Krauss, 285, Gerr. & McK.,

1007. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ‘ en :

A climbing or trailing suffrutex, many feet long. Petioles slender, 1-14 in. long.

Lys. 1-2 inches long, equally wide, shaped like the lower leaves of Ivy. Heads —

6-7 lines long, many-fl., the inv. much shorter than the flowers. Leaves sometimes

hispido-scabrous on the under surface !

162. S. macroglossus (DC. 1. c. 404); scandent, quite glabrous ; lvs.

petiolate, hastate, with salient acuminate basal-lobes; or cordate, acute

or acuminate, entire, or with 1-2 broad teeth or lobules on each side;

26*

404 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Senecio.

fl. branches bearing a few oblong or lanceolate leaf-scales, 1-3-headed ;

disc-fl. 40-50, rays 12, multistriate. Zey.! coll. 70.

Has. Bushman’s R., Uitenhage, Zey./ 2986. Keiskamma Hoek, W. S. M.

D Urban, 43. Natal, Drege! Gerr. § McK., 330. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Climbing up trees in woods. Leaves on uncial petioles, commonly deltoid-hastate,

varying to cordate with imperfect lobes, 14 in. long and equally wide. Fl. branches

3-6 inches long, mostly 1-headed, each bearing 4~5 reduced leaves or scales. Bracts

of the calyculus nearly as long as iny. scales. Except for the rays it comes near S.

quinquelobus.

163. S. bryoniefolius (Harv.); scandent, quite glabrous, leaves peti-

olate, 3-5-nerved and netted-veined, obsoletely 3-—5-lobed, the lobes

rounded or acute, denticulate; fl. branches lateral and terminal, corym-

bose or subumbellately 5-7-headed, pedicels elongate, filiform, laxly

scaly; inv. calycled, of about 12 acuminate scales, equalling the dise;

disc-fl. 30-40, rays g-10, 8—r1o-striate; achenes glabrous.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius. (Herb. D., Hk.)

Leaves 13 in. long, about equally wide, drying thin, not unlike those of a Bryony ;

the lobes short and broad ; base truncate. Petioles semiuncial. Branches with

rounded axils, pale, suffruticose. Pedicels 2-3 inches long, very slender. Heads

smaller than in S. macroglossus with fewer and narrower bracteoles.

164, S. tamoides (DC.! 1. c. 403); scandent, quite glabrous; leaves

petiolate, somewhat hastate, unequally and coarsely toothed or multi-

lobulate, the lobules broadly deltoid, acute, with rounded interspaces ;

corymb loose, fastigiate, many-headed, the pedicels long, slender, nearly

nude ; inv. of 5~7 scales, half as long as the disc, cylindrical, truncate

and scarcely calycled at base; disc-fl. ro-12, rays 3-6, spreading ;

achenes glabrous.

Has. Omsamwubo, Drege! Natal, Plant, 105; Gerr. § M‘Ken. 331. Katberg,

H. Hutton! Fort Bowker, H. Bowker, 553. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A half herbaceous climber. Petioles slender, 1-2 inches long. Leaves 14-2 inches

long, 1-14 inch wide, angle-lobulate, the angles salient, with rounded interspaces.

Corymb many-headed, but loose, sessile or short-peduncled. Inv. 4 lines long;

disc-fl, fully 8 lines. Rays equalling the inv., spreading, 4-lined. :

165. S. angulatus (Linn. f. suppl. 369); suberect or scandent, quite

glabrous, branching; leaves petiolate, cuneate at base, ovate, acute,

angle-lobed, the lobes few, short and broad or tooth-like ; corymb

repeatedly forked, many-headed, pedicels nearly nude, spreading ; inv.

sparingly calycled, of 10-12 scales, shorter than disc; disc-fl. about 29,

rays 4-9, oblong, 4-striate; achenes hispidulous. Th. / Cap. 382. DC.

Lc. 404. Zey./ 196. Cineraria levis, Spr. in Zey.! coll, 251. S. macro-

podus, DC. 1. c. 403. S. Natalensis, Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 6, p. 264. Also

S. tredecimsquamosus, Sch. B.

__ Has. Woods in Uite and Albany, Thunberg! E.§ Z.! Dr. Atherstone! Near

Natal, Drege! Krauss, 279! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A scrambling, half-climbing suffrutex, with stems many feet long, su rted

among shrubs in woods, Leaves on 1-1} in. petioles, 14-2} in. long, 1-1 in. road,

remarkably cuneate at base, somewhat fleshy, drying thin, more or less angle-lobed

ereees, the lobes saesage er boop — 3-5 in. wide. _ outs me mee

specimen from Drege (Hb. Sd. . macropodus, seems to me differe

from this; and those from Krauss (Hb. D., Hk.) of S. Natalensis are very similar.

Senecio. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 405

166. 8. brachypodus (DC. 1. c. 403); herbaceous? quite glabrous ;

stem (or branches) elongate, terete, leafy ; leaves tapering at base into

a short petiole, broadly ovate, acute, subentire or repando-denticulate,

penninerved, membranous and netted-veined when dry; corymb com-

pound, much-branched, shortly pedunculate or subsessile, pedicels scaly,

scarcely longer than the head; inv. of 8 scales, shorter than the dise,

truncate and sparingly calycled at base; dise-fl. 6-8, rays 3-4; achen

glabrous. S. macropodus, Eckl. ! in Hb. (non DC.)

Has. Philipstown, Katriver, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd., Cap.)

2~3 feet or more high ; stems (or branches ’) simple, weak, flexuous and perhaps

scandent, laxly leafy throughout. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 2-24 inches wide, a little

fleshy perhaps when fresh, but drying thin, distantly and minutely denticulate.

Corymb fastigiate. Inv. 2-3 lines long. Rays yellow.

§ 11. Kueroiwrt. (Sp. 167-176.)

167. 8. subsinuatus (DC.! 1. c. 401); suffruticose, erect, somewhat

fleshy, quite glabrous; branches virgate, leafy below, nude and loosely

corymbose at the apex ; leaves thickish, flat, oblongo-lanceolate or linear,

tapering to the base, obtuse, entirely or obsoletely or very bluntly tooth-

lobed; pedicels sparsely scaly; inv. scarcely calycled, of 10-12 acute

scales; disc-fl. 15-20, rays 5; achenes minutely hispidulous.

Has. Stellenbosch, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd., Cap.) :

1~14 ft. high. Leaves 2 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, with 1-2 shallow lobes or

entire. Iny. 2 lines long. Heads small and few fl.

168. §. crassiusculus (DC.! 1. c. 401); suffruticose, erect, glabrous;

stems terete, striate, loosely corymbose or panicled above; leaves thick-

ish, flat, half-clasping, varzable in shape, either linear, oblong, lanceolate

or spathulate, sparingly pinnate-lobed and toothed, or unequally toothed,

the lobes and teeth acute; corymb few-headed, pedicels nearly nude;

iny. sparingly calycled, of 1o—12 acuminate scales ; disc-fi. 30-35, rays

8-10; achenes minutely hispidulous. S. pinnulatus, Sieb. Cap. 264, non

Has. Adow; Zuureberg, and betw. Coega and Zondag R., Drege! Adow and

Zwartekops R., Zey./ 2979. Also said to be found on the Oudeberg, and betw. Gras-

berg R. and Water Val, Tulbagh, Drege, and near Stellenbosch and Capetown (?)

by £cklon. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

1~2-ft. high, the stem and leaves somewhat fleshy. Leaves polymorphous, with

a cartilaginous edge and sharp rigid teeth or lobes. Inv. 4-§ lines long. Heads

much larger than in S. subsinuatus.

169. S. pyramidatus (DC.! 1. c. 402); stem shrubby, fleshy, erect,

simple, closely leafy below, lengthened upwards into a long, leafless,

tomentose, pedunculoid flowering stem; leaves sessile, sub-terete, fleshy,

acute, glabrous or cobwebbed; heads many, in a long, thyrsoid raceme,

the pedicels tomentose, scaly ; inv. sub-calyculate, campanulate, woolly,

of 10-12 very broad scales ; disc-fl. 50-60, rays 10-12, broad, spreading ;

achenes glabrous. Bot. Mag. t. 5396.

Has. Uitenhage, £. & Z.! Zey.! 937. Sneeuweberg, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem short, thick and strong. Leaves 3 inches long, 2-3 lines diam. Flowering

stem 2 ft. high, thyrsus 6-12 inches long, white-woolly. Heads } inch diameter,

exclusive of the rays. Pappus copious, discoloured. A very fine species.

406 — coMPosITz& (Harv.) [ Senecio.

170. S. scaposus (DC.! 1. c. 403); stem shrubby, fleshy, either very

short or elongate and branched ; leaves crowded at the apex of the stem

or branches, fleshy, broadly linear, very obtuse, terete, often flattened

near the tip and subspathulate, the younger cobwebbed, the older gla-

brous; pedunc. scapelike, nude or sparsely scaly, many times longer

than the leaves, cobwebbed, one or several headed, the pedicels elongate ;

inv. cobwebbed, scarcely calycled, of 10-12 scales; disc-fl. very many,

rays about 12; achenes nearly glabrous.

Var. a, acaulis; stem very short or scarcely any. 4S. scaposys, DC.

Var. 8, caulescens; stem a foot high, branched. S. calamifolius, Hook! Bot.

Mag. t. 4011.

Has. Eastern Districts, Bowie, Burchell. Zwartkops R., Drege! E. § Z.! Zey.!

2983. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) as

Wild specimens generally stemless, or with very short stems. Leaves 2-3 inches

long, 2-3 lines diam. Pedunc. 1-14 f. long, occasionally 1 headed, more frequently

with 3-5, long pedicelled heads. Young parts more or less cobwebbed or thinly

woolly.

171. §. aloides (DC. ! 1.c.402); “a fleshy shrub, glabrous; branches

terete ; leaves thick, broadly linear, subobtuse, quite entire; fl.-branches

naked, twice as long as the leaves, 1-2 headed; inv. calycled, of 10-11

scales, cylindrical, scarcely shorter than disc; rays 6-7; disc-fl. 205

achenes hispidulous on the striee; pappus equalling the disc-fl.” DC.L.c.

Has. Hol. R., Kl. Namaqualand, Drege.

‘* A dwarf, ascending shrub. Lvs. 2 in. long, 2 |. wide. Heads 8-101. long.” DC.

[One of the sheets of ‘‘ Cacalia Arbuscula” in Hb. Th., marked ‘‘ No. 1,” is @

Senecio, seemingly very near S. aloides, if not the same. Its leaves are 2} in. long,

acute, about 13 line wide. The pedunc. 3-4 in., bearing 3-4 subsessile heads.]

172. S. buibinefolius (DC.? 1. c. 402); a fleshy, glabrous shrub};

branches terete; leaves thick and fleshy, (subterete?), broadly linear,

obtuse, mucronate, narrowed at base, quite entire; pedune. terminal,

nude, 2-4 times as long as the leaves, 1-headed; inv. scarcely calycled,

oblong, of 8-10 scales, shorter than the disc; rays few, narrow, revolute ;

disc-fl. 30-40; achenes densely pubescent.

Has. Betw. Zilverfont. and Kaus, Drege. Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead.

(Herb. D.)

Not having seen Drege’s, I describe from Mr. Whitchead’s specimen, which agrees

pretty nearly with DC.’s description. Leaves 14-2 in. long, 21, diam. Pedune.

5-6 in. long, sometimes (fide DC.) 2-headed.

173. 8. corymbiferus (DC.! 1. c. 402); shrubby, succulent, erect,

quite glabrous ; branches at the summit nude and corymbose; leaves

fleshy, subterete, linear-elongate, acute, tapering to the base, quite entire;

pedicels short, 2-3-scaled ; corymb fastigiate, many-headed ; inv. spat-

ingly calycled, cylindrical, of about 8 scales; disc-fl, 15-20, rays 6-8;

achenes striate, minutely hispidulous.

ie ae Silverfontein, Namaqualand, Drege! Bosjesmansland, Zey.! 953- (Herb.

Stems 4-} inch diameter. Leaves 2-3-4 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, probably

flattened and shrinking in drying. Iny. 6 lines long, in age nodose ®

base. ~The habit is that of an Othonna, “Pappus copious, dirty white.

Senecio.] composIt.® (Harv.) 407

174, 8. succulentus (DC. 1. c. 402); “shrubby, erect, glabrous; stem

terete, somewhat fleshy ; leaves crowded, linear-oblong, thick, obtuse,

quite entire ; pedune. twice as long as the leaves, corymbose, few-headed ;

pedicels scaly, longer than the head; iny. cylindrical, scarcely calycled,

of 7-8 scales; rays 4-5, small; dise-fl. 15-16; achenes hispidulous on

the strie.” DC. l.c.

Has. Kendo, on the Karroo, Drege.

Of this I have seen but a leaf, and fi.-head, in Hb. Sd. Leaves 1} in. long, 2-3

1. wide. Heads 6 lines long, pale yellow.

175. S. cotyledonis (DC.!1.c. 402); “a fleshy shrub, quite glabrous ;

branches thick, terete, marked with leaf-scars; leaves crowded round

the apices, fleshy, linear, tapering at base, callous-mucronate, somewhat

keeled ; pedicels shorter than the leaves, scaly, one-headed ; inv. cylin-

drical, scarcely calycled, of 10-12 narrow, acuminate scales; disc-fl.

abt. 25, rays 5-7; achenes puberulous.

Has. Kendo and Zwaane rtberg, Karroo, ef . Hk., Sd.

A thick-stemmed, fleshy Neat 3 ree uncial, Fach arias and

head together not equalling the leaf. Fl. bright yellow.

176. S. acutifolius (DC. 1. c. 402); “shrubby, erect, branched, quite

glabrous; branches terete ; leaves sessile, fleshy, linear-terete, mucro-

nate ; heads at the ends of the branches solitary, sessile ; inv. calycled,

cylindrical, of 7-9 scales; rays 5-6, scarcely longer than their style ;

dise-fl. 12-16; achenes terete, downy.” DC. 1. .

Has. Graaf Reynet, Ecklon.

This seems to be marked by its sessile fl.-heads and very short rays.

§ 12, APHYLLI. (Sp. 177.)

177. S, junceus(Harv.); quite glabrous ; stems herbaceous, succulent,

striate, erect, leafless, with a few distant, scattered, minute, deciduous,

subulate scales ; branches long and virgate ; corymb terminal, slightly

compound, few or several-headed ; pedicels slender, sparingly scaly ;

inv. cylindrical, scarcely calyculate, 9-10 leaved, shorter than the disc ;

heads about 12-15 fl, rays about 5, oblong, flat ; achenes glabrous,

long and slender, rib-striate, slightly beaked. Brachyrhynchos junceus,

Less.! Syn. p. 393. DC.! lc. 437. Cineraria coronata, Zey.! C. scir-

pina, LE. Mey.!

Has. Langekloof, Burchell, 5008. Cape, Mundt. & Maire! Zwartkops R., £. § Z.

Zey.! 2984, Cooper, 1575, Lislap, Zey./ 951. Nieuwveldt, Drege/ Modderfontein,

Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

2-3 ft. high, with many erect, rod-like, naked, green, soft branches, 2-3 lines

diameter. lLieaf-scales scarcely 1 line long. Pedicels 4-13 inch long. Inv. 4-5

lines long. Ray and disc yellow. Achenes with an evident, cup-like epigynous disc.

Doubtful Species.

§. linoides (DC. 1. c. 397); “shrubby, glabrous ; branches erect, leafy,

nude at the summit and panicled or rarely bifid ; peduncles nearly nude,

t-headed ; leaves linear, filiform, with revolute margins, quite entire,

sessile, acute ; inv. calycled, all the scales linear, subcarinate, wither-

tipped ; achenes terete, puberulous.” DC. J. ¢.

408 CoMPOSIT# (Harv.) [Zuryops.

Has. About Table Mt., Eck. Betw.Gekau and Bashe, and on the Witberg, Drege.

Unknown to me. Specimens from Ecklon (Hb. Sd.) under this name, in very bad

order, to me seem referable to the narrow-leaved forms of S. Albanensis ; and a frag-

ment from Drege (also Herb. Sd.) to S. umbellatus. The widely sundered habitats

assigned to the species suggest a doubt of the specific indentity of the specimens on

which it was founded.

S. virgatus (Linn. Amoen. 6, Afr. 83) ; “shrubby ; leaves lyrate, to-

mentose beneath; pedunc. 1-headed; inv. sc. subulate. DC. 1. ¢. 434.

S. barbareeefolius (Turcz. Bull. Mose. xxiv. 2, p. 90); “ herbaceous,

glabrous; stem angular, furrowed, leafy at base, simple, from the mid-

dle branched, nude; branches long, corymbose, 1-3-headed ; lower leaves

petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, the end lobe very large, cordate or deltoid,

the lateral adnate-decurrent, trapeziform, denticulate ; upper leaves half-

clasping, coarsely toothed ; uppermost minute ; pedicels 2 or more times

longer than the head, scaly; heads many-fl. [purple]; inv. calycled, of

8 glabrous scales. Turcz. Walp. Ann. vol. 5, p. 338.

Has. Cape, Zeyher, 2966.

Brachyrhynchos trachycarpus (DC. 1. c. 438, excl. syn. Th.); “stem _

herbaceous, erect, sparingly branched, glabrous or cobwebby ; lower

leaves petioled, lyrato-pinnatifid, on both sides glabrous, the lobes

toothed, the lower ovate, small, the terminal ample, incised, toothed ;

uppermost leaves few, scale-like, acuminate, depressed, like the invol.

scales ; heads solitary, discoid; achenes muricate, scabrid, tapering.”

DC. Cineraria incisa, Houtt. fide DC.

Has. Cape (in Herb. Deless., fide DC).

I have not seen this, but by the above description it can hardly be different from

S, tuberosus. Thunberg’s Doria incisa, here quoted by DC., is Senecio erosus.

Brachyrhynchos eupatorioides (DC.); “herbaceous, erect, quite gla-

brous; lowest leaves on long petioles, oblong, tapering to each end;

upper semi-amplexicaul, lanceolate, dilated at base, acuminate, all

coarsely and irregularly toothed; corymb compound, many-headed ;

heads discoid ; inv. subcalyculate, with few acuminate scales, the inner

scales not sphacelate at tip, nearly equalling the flowers.” DC. l.c. 439.

(excl. syn. Thunb.! & Less.)

Has. Cape, Zey. 272, fide DC.

“ Br. eupatorioides,” Less,! is a synonym of Senecio othonneflorus, DC.

CXVIII. EURYOPS, Cass.

Heads many-fl., radiate; the ray-fl. ligulate, female ; disc-fl. tubular,

5-toothed, perfect. Recept. convex or conical, mostly honeycombed.

Inv, scales uniseriate, their margins more or less concrete, valvate in

estivation. Style-branches truncate, pencilled at the summit only.

Achenes roundish or subcompressed, wingless, beakless. Pappus pluri-

seriate, caducous, of rough, brittle, flexuous bristles, the outer hairs

often deflexed or decurrent. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 443.

_ Small shrubs or shrubby plants, almost all S. African; one from Arabia. Leaves

alternate, crowded, coriaceous or fleshy, entire or 3-5-fid, or pinnati-partite- Pe

Euryops. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 409

duncles nude, one-headed, terminal or axillary. Flowers yellow. Name from

eupuwl, having large eyes ; alluding to the conspicuous fi. heads of many. Formerly

the species were included in Othonna, from which they differ in pappus and especially

in the fertile disc-fl. From Gamolepis they are only known by having pappus.

A. Leaves pinnate-parted, pectinate or inciso-serrate ;

All parts tomentose ; leaves pectinate + «. (1) pectinatus.

Glabrous ; leaves pinnati-partite :

Lvs. 1-2 in. long ; inv. scales connate at baseonly (2) abrotanifolius.

. Lys. 4-6 inches long; inv. scales concrete in a

broad-based cup ; rays very long and numerous (3) Athanasie.

Glabrous ; leaves long, sharply i inciso-serrate ...... (4) Serra.

B. Leaves 36 fd, or 3-5-toothed or lobed at the axtuniy :

Leaves flat, cuneate, 3—5-toothed or lobed :

Lvs. powdery-tomentose ; pedunc. 8-10 inches

long, terminal... (5) Dregeanus,

Lys. glabrous : pedunc. 1-3 inches long, axillary :

Lys. sharply cut, the teeth subulate ; achen.

glabrous”... (6) virgineus.

Lys. bluntly cut, teeth oblong; achen. villous (7) Algoensis.

Leaves linear, trifid or 5-fid ; the lobes linear :

Heads conspicuously peduncled ; achenes villous :

Pedune. terminal, 3-4 times longer than lvs. __(8) trilobus.,

Pedune. lateral, filiform :

Pedunc. aboutequalling the2-3in.longlvs. (9) trifurcatus.

Pedune. 2—3 times longer than the short leaves :

Lys. fleshy, 3-fid below the middle,

obtuse ... (10) trifidus,

Lys.filiform, 3- 5 2 fidabovethe middle (11) multifidus,

Heads very shortly — terminal ; achenes

glabrous”... . «+e (12) calvescens.

C. Leaves linear-terete, some sighs some - fid, some alternately 4~5-fid on the

same plant. (Intermediate between sec. B. and D.

Peduncles elongate :

Iny. scales 12~13, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; achenes ;

glabrous, ribbed ; lvs. impunctate, 1-14 inch (13) diversifolius,

Iny. se. 7-10, ovato-lanceolate, smooth ; achenes gla-

brescent ; lvs, impunctate .. (14) longipes.

Iny. sc. 10-12, acuminate ; achenes Pubeseent ; lvs.

impress-dotted, 4-3 inch, slender - (15) punctatus.

Peduncles 1—2ce as long as leaves ; inv. se. 56 --. +. (16) subcarnosus.

D. Leaves quite entire, either Sliform or flat:

Heads radiate ; rays few or many :

Leaves narrow-linear, spreading :

Ovaries and achenes glabrous :

Leaves flat ; inv, scales concrete beyond

middle... ... (17) linearis,

Lys. filiform; inv. se. ‘connateat base only (18) linifolius,

Ovaries pubescent ; achenes villous :

Leaves 14-3 inches long : :

Iny. scales 12-20, lanceolate... ... (19) tenuissimus.

Inv. scales 4-5, very broad, concrete (20) spa’ 4

Leaves 3-3 inch long, 3-angled, keeled (21) oligoglossus.

Leaves minute (2 lines long), oblong or oval: achenes glabrous :

Lvs. nerve-keeled, appressed; rays 6-8 ... (22) Candollei.

Lys. neryeless, spreading; rays 1-2 .,. ... (23) empetrifolius.

Leaves 4-1 inch long, oblong or obovate : achenes villous.

Leaves quite entire, smooth-edged ... ss. (25) lateriflorus.

Leaves cartilagineo-ciliate, recurved ... ... (26) sulcatus.

Heads discoid, minute ; leaves 2-3 lines long, linear ;

pedune. very short ... ... .. ... «see «+ (24) a8paragoides.

410 _ comPosITz# (Harv.) [Huryops.

1. E. pectinatus (Cass.); in all parts tomentose-canescent ; leaves

petiolate, pectinato-pinnatifid, lobes in many pairs, linear, obtuse, quite

entire (or few-toothed near the apex on the outside); pedunc. terminal,

twice or thrice as long as the leaves; inv. scales 12-14, lanceolate,

. eonerete ; rays equalling the involucre. D0. l. c. 443. Othonna pectt-

—nata, Linn. sp.1309. Th.! Cap.723. Bot.Mag.t.306. Mull, ic.t. 149, f.2-

Var. B. discoideus (DC.) ; rays none.

Has. Rocks about Table Mountain, frequent. Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 342. B.

at Drakensteinberg, Drege. (Herb. Th., D., Hk.)

A strong, ashen-grey bush, 2~3 ft. high. ‘Leaves 2—3 inches long, including the

petiole ; lobes in 8-10 pairs, 1-} inch long, 1-1} line wide. Peduncle 3-6 inches

_.,long. Readily known by its copious, soft, whitish pubescence.

2. E. abrotanifolius a 1. c. 443); glabrous or with tufts of wool

in the axils of the floral leaves; leaves densely crowded, pinnati-partite,

the lobes mostly alternate, distant, entire, linear-filiform, subacute ;

pedune. terminal, as long as or 3-4 times longer than the leaves; inv.

scales 12-20, lanceolate, connate at base only. . comosus, Cass, Less.

_ Syn. 394.

Var. a, abrotanifolius; pedunc. 3-4 times as long astheleaves. DC.1.¢. Othonna

abrotanifolia, Linn. Th.! Cap. 723. Lodd. Cab. t. 1698. Bot. Reg. t. 108.

Vak. 8. brachypus; pedunc. about twice as long as the shorter leaves; inv. scales

20. Euryops Athanasie, DC.! 1. c. 444, not of Less.

Var. y. brachypus; pedunc. very short. £. intermedius, DC. 1. ¢.

Has. About Capetown and the W. districts. 8. and y. Stellenbosch, FZ. & Z./

Olifant’s Hoek, Dr. Pappe! Zey.! 2994. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A strong bush, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves and peduncles variable in length, Leaves

1-2 inches long, the lobes 2-9 lines long, spreading or recurved. Pedune. 1-6 inches

long. Inv. scales and size of heads varying in all the varieties.

3. E. Athanasiz (Less.! Syn. 394) ; glabrous ; leaves petiolate, pin-

nati-partite, lobes opposite or alternate, 4-7 pair, very long, entire,

linear-filiform, acute ; pedunc. 3—4 times as long as the leaves, terminal ;

inv. scales 20-25, incurved, concrete for more than 3 their length;

ligules 20-30, twice or thrice as long as the heads. Othonna Athanasie,

Linn. f. Thunb.! Cap. 722. Jacq. Sch. t.242. E. speciosissimus, DC.! Le.

Has. Piquetberg, Thunberg/ Cape, Herb. Hook. Olifant’s R., near Tulbagh,

E, § Z.! Piquetberg and Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A strong growing, resiniferous bush (‘‘ Resin Bush” of Colonists), 2~4 ft. high.

Leaves 4-6 inches long, the lobes 2-3 inches. Pedunc. 10-12 inches long. Inv.

very broad-based, broader than its height, with incurved scales, before and after

ih a Rays inch and half long. This is the true Othonna Athanasie of Herb.

Thunb.!

4, E. Serra (DC. 1.c. 444); glabrous; leaves sessile, crowded, rigid,

erect, elongate, sharply inciso-serrate, the lobules (or teeth) on each side

8-12, shortly subulate, acute; pedunc. 2~3 times longer than the leaves,

inal; inv. sc. 20-25, concrete for their greater length; rays 20-25-

Has. Cape, Niven/ near Tulbagh, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) :

This has the flat-bottomed, broad involucres of £. Athanasie, but very different

foliage. Leaves 2-3 inches long ; their lobes or teeth 2-3 lines long.

5. E. Dregeanus (Sch. Bip. in Flora, xxviii. 51); leaves crowded at

Euryops.} COMPOSIT (Harv.) 411

the ends of the branches, powdery-tomentulose, subcanescent, cuneate,

much attenuated at base, deeply 3-5-dentato-crenate at the truncate

apex, the uppermost sometimes entire ; pedunc. terminal and lateral,

many times longer than the leaves; invol. scales 12~16, ovate, acumi-

nate, glabrous, connate at base only ; ovaries pilose. Walp. Repert. 6,

p. 272.

Has. Mierenkasteel, Drege! 2727. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A dwarf, woody scrub, under a foot high (?), ramulous, the bases of the branch-

lets denuded of leaves. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 3-4 lines wide at the extremity,

grey with very minute pubescence. Pedunc. 8-10 inches long. Heads many-fl.

Rays several.—A very distinct species.

6, E. virgineus (Less.! Syn. 394); glabrous; leaves short, sessile,

crowded, wedge-shaped, sharply and deeply 3-5-toothed; peduncles

axillary, filiform, 2-3 times as long as the leaves; inv. scales 5-7, ob-

long, subacute, connate below; recept. conical; rays 6-7; achenes

quite glabrous, smooth. DC.l.c. 445. Othonna virginea, Linn. f. Th. !

Cap. 720. Oth, flabellifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 728, Euryops flabellifor-

mis, Cass. '

Has. Frequent in Uitenhage and Albany, Thunberg, FE. & Z.! Drege, &c. Betw.

a Sen ae Plettenbergbay, Pappe.’ Karregariver, Zey./ 2993. (Herb. Th.,

A virgate shrub, 1-2 feet high ; branches long, slender, imbricate with leaves to

their apices. Leaves 3 inch long, flat, cuneate, 3-4 lines wide at top, deeply cleft.

Heads as large as peas; pedunc. 1-1} inch long. :

7. E. Algoensis (DC.! 1. c. 445); glabrous; leaves short, sessile,

crowded, wedge-shaped, coriaceous, deeply 3—5-toothed, the teeth broad,

oblong, blunt or mucronulate ; pedunce. axillary, filiform, 2-4 times as

long as the leaves ; invol. scales 10-12, connate beyond the middle,

acute; recept. flattish; rays 10-12; achenes densely villous. Zey./

2991, 2992.

Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, frequent. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd. Cap.)

1-2 ft. high, robust, closely imbricated with leaves throughout. Leaves 4-3 inch

long, 2-4 lines wide, the lowest sometimes longer and narrower, deeply but bluntly

incised. Ped. 1-24 inches long. Heads 4 lines diam.—Allied to £. virgineus, but

with thicker, more bluntly cut leaves, larger fi. heads, more connate inv. scales, and

hairy achenes.

8. E. trilobus (Harv.); glabrous ; leaves linear to beyond their middle,

at the apex 3 lobed, the lobes linear, simple, obtuse, fleshy; pedunc.

terminal 3-4 times longer than the leaves; inv. scales 12-15, concrete

to the middle, acute; achenes villous.

Has. Spitzkop, Somerset, Dr. Atherstone! (Herb. Hook.) :

Stems dwarf, tufted, 3-5 inches high, flexuous, ramulous. Leaves crowded, $ inch

long, nearly 1 line wide; the lobes 2 lines long. Pedune. solitary, terminal; 2-24

inches long. Heads more than } inch across.—Only a single specimen seen by me.

9. E. trifureatus (Cass.); glabrous; leaves linear-filiform to beyond

their middle, at the apex trifid, lobes linear, simple, acute; pedunc,

axillary, or tufted, filiform, not much longer than the leaves; inv. scales

12-15, ovate, acute, connate at base only; achenes villous. Less/ Syn.

p. 394. DC. 1. ¢. 444. Othonna trifurcata, Linn. f. Th. Cap. 722.

412 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Euryops.

Has. Piquetberg, Thunberg! Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Pappe! Swellendam, Drege.

(Herb. Th., D. )

A strong growing bush, 2-3 feet high, with long branches, leafy to the summit.

Leaves 2-24 inches long, the undivided portion 14 inch, the lobes 4—$ inch long,

4 line wide. Pedunc. 2-23 inches long, rigid, very slender, pale. Achenes densely

villous! (not ‘glabrous,’ as stated by DC. 1. c.) F

10. E. trifidus (Less. ! Syn. 394); glabrous, much branched, flexuous ;

leaves short, fleshy, thick, linear, trifid to below the middle or entire,

imbricated, obtuse or mucronulate ; pedunc. axillary, 2-3 times as long

as the leaves; inv. scales 8—g oblong, membr. edged; rays oblong ;

achenes very villous. DC. l. c. 444. Othonna trifida, Th.! Cap. 721.

(Herb, Th., litt. a.)

Has. Piquetberg, Thunberg! Karroo and near the Gariep, Drege! (Herb. Th.,Sd.)

Allied to #. multifidus, but with much thicker, shorter and more deeply cut,

close-lying leaves and somewhat larger fl. heads. Leaves 4 inch long, the undivided

portion 2 lines long; lobes nearly 1 line diameter. Achenes exactly like those of

E. multifidus.

11. E. multifidus (DC. ! 1. c.444); glabrous, much branched, flexuous ;

leaves linear-filiform to beyond their middle, at the apex 3—5 or many-

fid, the lobes linear, simple or bifid; pedunc. axillary, numerous, about

twice as long as the leaves ; inv. scales 6-7, broadly ovate, membrane-

edged; rays 5-7; achenes very villous. Othonna multifida, Linn. f.

Th.! Cap. 722.

Has. Carroo, Drege! Mundt./ Herrelogement, Zey.! 959. Namaqualand, A. Wyley!

pega in Basuta Land, and in Albert, 7. Cooper! 736, 567. (Herb. Th.,

., Hk., Sd.)

A strong, shrubby, ramulous bush, a foot or more in height. Leaves 4-13 inches

long, their lobes 2-6 lines long, sometimes pedatifid. Pedunc. slender, 1-14 inches

long. Heads small. Inv. scales broad, and less concrete than in most. Achenes

clothed with copious, very long hairs.

12. E. calvescens (DC. 1.c. 445); glabrous; the upper axils bearded;

leaves crowded, imbricate, trifid, lobes linear, acute, longer than the

undivided part; heads terminal, on very short pedicels; inv. scales about

9, concrete beyond the middle; rays 7-9, twice as long as the involu-

cre; achenes quite glabrous; pappus (fide DC.) “ of few bristles, the

outer reflexed.” .

Has. Stormberg, Drege/ (Herb. Sond.) ’

So closely resembling some varieties of Gamolepis brachypoda, that, without examl-

ning the pappus, which I have been unable to do, it may readily be mistaken for that

plant. The leaf-lobes, however, are longer in proportion ; the inv. sc. more concrete

and much less taper-pointed ; and the achenes (judging by the ovaries) probably

different. I rely on DC. for the characters of pappus, as above given.

13. E. diversifolius (Harv.); glabrous; stem slender, forked ; leaves

filiform, some simple, some 3-fid to the middle, some pinnately 4—- 5-fid

with alternate lobes (not impress-dotted) ; pedune, terminal and lateral,

6-8 times longer than the leaves; inv. scales 12-13, linear lanceolate,

3-ribbed, connate at the base only; rays 12-15, twice as long as the

head ; achenes glabrous, rib striate.

‘Var, 8. integrifolius; leaves mostly entire. £. longipes B. lasiocladus, DC.! 1. ¢.

Euryops.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 413

Has. Sandyground, betw. Langevalley and Valley, Zey.! Dr. Pappe!

(Herb. Cap., D., Sd.) pend og Volley, Sore! Gite ype

Stem 1-2 ft. high, slender, sparingly branched, leafy. Leaves 1-14 inch long,

filiform. Pedunc. 4-5 inches long. Like £. longipes but with larger fl.-heads, more

numerous and longer rays, and dissimilar inv. scales. DC’s var. 8. of longifolius,

belongs to this, by the chars. of iny., ray and achenes. It is more robust than

£. punctatus, with longer and thicker, and less divided leaves and smaller fl.-heads.

Oss. In Herb. D. and Hk. are specimens from Dr. Sutherland, gathered near

Natal, of a Zuryops closely allied to this species, but with a dwarfer habit and

broader leaves. It may be distinct, but the specimens are insufficient, not having

mature flowers.

14. E. longipes (DC.! 1. c. 445); glabrous, stems short, flexuous,

branching, the axils of the upper leaves woolly-bearded ; leaves filiform,

about uncial, some quite entire, some trifid to the middle, the lobes

entire, subacute; pedunc. axillary and terminal, very long, 5-12 times

longer than the leaves; inv. scales 7-10, ovato-lanceolate, not ribbed

or margined ; recept. conical ; ligules 7-10; achenes (fide DC.) glabres-

cent; ovaries puberulous.

Var, 8. integrifolius; all the leaves entire.

Has. Gnadendahl, Burchell. GauritzR., H.g.Z.! Gamke R., Zey./ 830. Caledon,

Dr. Pappe. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A rather slender, branching shrub, 6-10 inches high. Leaves 1-14 inch long,

more uently entire than trifid (at least var. 8. seems the commonest form).

Pedunc. 6-12 inches long or more.

15. E. punctatus (DC.! 1. c. 445); glabrous; stems flexuous, branch-

ing, closely leafy ; leaves slender, short, impress-dotted, some simple,

some trifid to the middle, some pinnati-partite, 5-7-lobed, the lobes

filiform, acute; pedunc. slender, terminal, 8-10 times as long as the

leaves ; inv. scales 12-13, lanceolate, acuminate, ribbed; rays as many,

longer than the disc ; achenes pubescent (DC.). Also (fide sp. in Hb.

Sond.) Osteospermum tenuilobum, DC. ! 1. c. 467.

Has. Gauritz R., Ecklon! (Herb. Sd.)

A very slender shrublet, not much branched, 6-12 inches high. Leaves 3-} inch

long, very slender, rarely undivided, almost all either trifid, or alternately 4—5~7-fid,

all taper-pointed. The impressed dots are not conspicuous on the specimens I have

seen. Pedunc. 4-5 inches long. Heads small, the iny. 4 lines across.—A much

smaller and more slender plant than £. diversifolius, to which it comes nearest ;

from ZL. longipus it is known by its more slender, shorter, and more divided leaves,

and narrower and more numerous inv, scales.

16. E. subcarnosus (DC.! 1. c. 445); glabrous; leaves crowded at the

ends of the branches, linear-semiterete, fleshy, acute, some trifid, others

(or all) undivided; peduncles filiform, as long or twice as long as the

leaves ; inv. scales 5-6, broadly ovate, subacute, connate at base only ;

achenes ?

ecu On the Carroo; also Zwarteberg and Zwart Ruggens, Drege! (Herb. D.,

ie scrub, with flexuous branches and twigs, all naked and cicatrised

at base, with tufted leaves at the extremity. Leaves 4-1 inch long. Pedune. 1-1}

inch, thread-like. Heads like those of Z. multifidus.

17. E. linearis (Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 153); glabrous; leaves linear,

elongate, flat, acute, faintly 1-nerved, quite entire; pedune. axillary,

414 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Huryops.

about twice as long as the leaves, filiform ; inv. scales 10-12, concrete

nearly to the apex, acute ; achenes glabrous, compressed.

Has. Cape, Mundt! Swellendam, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Hk., D.) :

A rather slender bush, 1 foot or more high. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1 line wide,

quite flat (not filiform). Invol. scales concrete into a cup for more than } their

length ; by which character and the broader, flat leaves it is known from Z. linifolius.

18. E, linifolius (DC.! L c. 446); glabrous, or the young branches

somewhat woolly; leaves linear-filiform, elongate, acute, quite entire ;

pedune, axillary, filiform, longer than the leaves; inv. scales 7—9, con-

nate at base, oblong, acute ; rays 6-8 ; recept. honey-combed; achenes

glabrous. Ctineraria linifolia, Linn. f. Jacq. Schoen. t. 308. Othonna

tenuissima, litt. a, Herb. Thunb. (not litt. 8. & y.)

Has. Cape. Thunberg/ Stellenbosch, 2. Z.! Under the Tigerberg, Mundt! W.

H. H.! Zey.! No. 958. (Herb. Th. D., Sd., Hk.)

Very like Z. tenuissimus, but with shorter and more slender leaves, smaller fi.

heads, and glabrous achenes.

19, E. tenuissimus (Less.! Syn. 394); glabrous, or the young branches

somewhat woolly; leaves linear-filiform, elongate, acute, quite entire,

glabrous or the younger cobwebbed ; pedune. axillary, rather longer

than the leaves, filiform ; inv. scales 12-20, lanceolate, concrete at

base ; recept. convex, honeycombed ; achenes hairy! DC./ 1. ¢. 446.

Othonna tenuissima, Linn. f. Th. Cap. 718. Jacq. Schoenb.t, 61. Eury-

ops carnosus, Cass. E. strictus, DC. 1. ¢. 447.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Kochmanskloof, Mundt! Banks of the Zwartkops R.

and in Adow, Uit., £ § Z.! Zey./ 2997. Swellendam, Drege! Burchell! R. Zon-

derende, Zey./ 2990. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) :

A tall, coarse shrub, 2-3 feet high, closely resembling E. spathaceus in foliage,

but with very different involucres. DC. says the achenes are glabrous; but I find

them hairy both in Thunberg’s and £. § Z.’s specimens: nor can I distinguish Z.

strictus, DC. (in Hb. Drege!) by any valid character.

20. E. spathaceus (DC.! 1. c. 446); glabrous; leaves crowded, linear-

spathulate or linear-filiform, elongate, acute, quite entire ; pedicels

axillary, filiform, longer than the leaves ; inv. campanulate, the young

spathe-like, formed of 4—5, very broad, short scales, concrete for ? their

length ; rays 6-8, longer than the ovary ; achenes villous.

Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell. Uitenhage, EF. § Z.! Zey.! 2988, 2989. Gra-

hamstown, Sir C. Bunbury! Genl. Bolton! (Herb. Hk.,D.,Sd-)

A tall, strong shrub, 2-3 feet high ; the old branches nude, cicatricised ; younger

densely leafy. Leaves 13-2 inches long, sometimes linear throughout, sometimes

narrowed at base and flattened and broader upwards, 4-14 line wide. Pedunc.

numerous, 2-3 inches long. Invol. irregularly opening, the broad, many-nerved

scales continuing long concrete.

21. E. oligoglossus (DC.! 1.c. 446); glabrous; lvs. linear-trigonous,

keeled, acute, closely set, spreading ; pedicels lateral, numerous, scarcely

longer than the leaf; inv. scales 5-6, broadly ovate, acute, nerve-keeled,

connate at base; rays 2-5, short; achenes villous. £. triqueter, Less. !

Mss. in Herb. Th. Othonna trifida, litt. 8., Herb. Thunb.! E. racemosus,

DC.2 1. ¢.

Euryops.| COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 415

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Burchell, 2826. Nieuwwe-Hantam, Drege/ Africa’s Hoogte,

Burke § Zey.! Beaufort, £. G Z./ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much-branched, closely leafy, small shrub, about 1 foot high. Leaves 4~3 inch

long, 1 line wide, rigid, subpungent. Pedicels as long. Heads 2 lines diameter.

I cannot separate H. racemosus, DC. by any valid character ; the heads are perhaps

a shade larger in Ecklon’s specimen. Lessing’s syn. seems never to have been pub-

lished, or I should have adopted it.

22. E. Candollei (Harv.) ; glabrous, much-branched ; leaves minute,

sessile, closely imbricated, linear-oblong, nerve-keeled, with an inflexed

mucro; pedicels lateral, short; inv. scales 6-8, broad, connate beyond

the middle, subacute ; rays 6-7, twice as long as the involucre; achenes

(fide DC.) glabrous. . wmbricatus, DC.! 1. ¢. 446, not of Lessing!

Has, Witberg, 7-8000 f., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., )

Stems 6-8 inches high, much-branched. Leaves (like those of a Brunia) 2 lines

long, scarcely 1 line wide, broad at base, narrower upwards, with a thick, rounded

keel, closely pressed on the stem and on each other. Pedicels 4-3} inch long. Heads

small. A remarkable species, quite different from £, imbricatus, Less.! which I

consider a mere var. of £, lateriflorus.

23, E. empetrifolius (DC. 1.c. 446); “glabrous; leaves (minute) ses-

sile, thick, subcoriaceous, oval-oblong, obtuse, subtrigonous, nerveless,

the younger subimbricate, the adult spreading; heads very few, sub-

terminal, subsessile; inv. broadly 5-lobed, the rays 1-2 ; achenes gla-

brous.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Roggeveld, near Riet R., Burchell. (Leaves scarcely 2 lines long.)

24. E. asparagoides (Less.! Syn. 394); branches robust, terete, spread-

ing, cinereous, alternate, closely beset with subsessile tufts of leaves

and flowers (i. e. minute, undeveloped, leafy ramuli); axils woolly;

leaves very short, linear, fleshy, obtuse, channelled beneath ; pedune.

shorter than the leaves, fascicled ; heads homogamous, 8—12-flowered ;

invol. turbinate, of 5 scales, slightly connate at base; recept. honey-

combed ; ovaries pilose, Mikania asparagoides, Licht.! MSS.

Has. Cape, Lichtenstein! (Herb. Berol., Sd.)

Of this I have seen frustules of the authentic specimen (in Hb. Berol.) which is

said to have branches as thick as a goosequill. Its fi.-heads are the smallest in the

genus. Leaves 2~3 lines long. Pedune. 2 lines long. Inv, 14-2 lines.

25. E. lateriflorus (Less.! Syn. 394); glabrous ; leaves sessile, im-

bricated, ovate, oblong, or obovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, rigid-coria-

ceous, quite entire, callous-edged, nearly neryeless ; pedune. axillary,

filiform, 3-4 times longer than the leaves; inv. scales 7-8, broadly

ovate, connate; recept. convex, honey-combed ; ligules 6-8, oblong ;

achenes villous. DC./l.c. 445. Othonna lateriflora, Linn, f. Thunb.!

Cap. 718.

Var. 8. imbricatus; leaves obovate, obtuse, rugulose when dry (somewhat fleshy ’).

Euryope inDoiente. Lek te, sak a laa inbrizota, Th! Cap. 719,

(Hb. Thunb.) .

Has. Karroo, near Gouds R., Thunberg! Plettenbergs Bay, Burchell. Gauritz

R., and Sneeuweberg, Drege! Jackalsfontein; Brack R., and Rhinosterkopf, Burke

§ Zey.! Kraamberg, Albert, 7. Cooper, 595. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

1-3 ft. high, robust, not much branched, imbricated with leaves throughout, or

416 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [Ruckeria.

the old parts denuded and cicatricised. ‘Leaves 4 lines to 1 inch long, 2 lines to 4

inch wide, very rigid and thick, but not fleshy. Pedunc. 1-24 inches long, from

the upper axils, or along the stem. Var. 8. differs solely by its rather smaller, very

obtuse leaves ; but the point in the normal form varies greatly, and Drege’s specimen

from Mierenjesfontein completely unites the two forms.

26. E, sulcatus (Harv.) ; glabrous; leaves sessile, closely imbricate,

erect or spreading, oblong, obtuse or subacute, rigid, thick, flattish,

faintly 3-nerved above, with a medial impressed line or furrow beneath,

cartilagineo-ciliolate; pedicels lateral, short; inv. sc. about 5, broadly

oblong, obtuse, 3—4-nerved, subconnate at base ; rays 2-3, short; recept.

convex, honey-combed ; ovaries hairy, achenes woolly. Othonna sulcata,

Thunb.! Cap. p. 719.

Var. 8. densifolius (Sd.); more slender ; leaves secwved at the point, ovate-oblong,

acute, with a fainter medial line beneath. Z. densifolius, Sond. MSS. £. ciliatus

Harv. in Herb. Hook.

Has. Cape, Thinberg! B. Rhinosterkop, Burke § Zey.! Sand R., Zey./ (Herb.

Th., Hk., Sd.)

A rigid, more or less robust shrub, with the aspect of Z. lateriflorus, from which

it is at once known by its elegantly ciliolate leaves. Leaves 6-7 1. long, 3 1. wide ;

in 8. 4-61, long 2 1. wide. Pedicels uncial. Heads few-flowered.

Doubtful Species.

E, subsessilis (Sch. Bip. Bot. Zeit. xxviii. 51); “shrubby, branching,

glabrous; leaves undivided, obovate-oblong, obtuse, about 4 lines long,

2 1. wide, imbricate, flat, sessile, fleshy, nearly nerveless; heads at the

ends of the branches, subsessile; inv. sc. about 5, obtuse; rays 33

achenes villous.” Walp. Rep. 6. p. 272.

If not £. lateriflorus 8. imbricatus, this must come very near it.

CXIX. RUCKERIA, DC.

Heads many-fl., hetero-moneecious; ray fl. ligulate, female; disc-fl.

5-toothed, mostly abortive (not strictly “male”). Inv. uniseriate, the

scales more or less concrete at base. ecept. subconvex, areolate. Style

of the disc-fl. branched (!), its arms truncate, hispid at the apex. Ray-

achenes oblong, terete; those of the dise slender, abortive, velvetty.

Pappus of all the flowers in many rows, similar, caducous, the bristles

exceedingly slender, slightly nodulose, jointed, smooth, at length aggre-

gated in copious woolly tufts. DC. Prodr. 6. 483.

8. African suffrutices or herbs, with the aspect of Zuryops. Stems leafy at base,

ending in long, nude, one-headed peduncles. Leaves pinnate-partite, with linear

lobes. Flowers yellow. Name in honour of J. F. Rucker, a collector of Cape plants.

I have only had the opportunity of examining the gen. char. in R. tagetoides, and in

it, owing to the state of the specimens, very imperfectly: in it I find the disc-styles

ag — “undivided”; and the pappus bristles smooth, not “‘barbate,” as described

y DC.

Achenes densely velvetty:

Leaves compressed, lobes 2-3 on each side... ... ... (1) Euryopsides.

Leaves terete, lobes several on each side, lowest tooth-

Mbg95%...2 sk cvmedae!S, \orsdead? 0 hod: ole) eee

Achenes glabrescent ; leaf-lobes 2-3 on each side, terete ... (3) othonnoides. .

1. R. Euryopsidis (DC. 1. c. 484); leaves compressed, pinnati-partite,

Dimorphotheca.]} COMPOSIT (Harv.) 417

the lobes on each side 2~3, often alternate, subulate, subfalcate ; ray-

achenes velvetty; rays twice as long as the involucre. 2. euryopoides,

Drege! in Herb.

Has. Ezelbank and Dwars R., Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk.)

Leaves 2-2} in. long, 14 1. wide; the lobes 4 in. long, very acute. Rays 3 in.

long, 2 1, wide, 7-striate. DC. says, “leaves 9-11 1. long, flat, pinnatifid, the lobes

linear-lanceolate,” none of which characters accord with the specimen seen by me.

2. R. tagetoides (DC. ! in Deless. Ic. Sel. vol. 4, t. 66); leaves terete,

pinnati-partite, the lobes on each side 5—7, the lowest short and tooth-

like, upper long, filiform, acute, quite entire or “toothed” (DC.); achenes ©

velvetty; rays 4 times longer than the invol. or longer. DC. Prodr. 6,

p. 484.

Has. Sand hills, betw. Packuis & Bredow, Zeederberg, Drege! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 5—6 inches long; the peduncle a foot or more. Leaves 3 in. long, the upper

lobes 5-3 in. long. Rays, fide DC., 14 in. long, 1o-striate. Our specimens are very

imperfect.

3. R, othonnoides (DC. Prodr. 6., 484); “leaves terete, pinnati-par-

tite, the lobes on each side 2, terete, undivided ; ray achenes glabrescent ;

rays twice as long as the involuere.” D0. J. e.

Has. 8. Africa, Drege. (Unknown to me).

“ Leaves uncial, lobes semi-uncial. Rays 3 1. wide, 61. long. Pedunce. 7 in. long,”

DC. A few leaves, from Drege (in Hb. 8d.) purporting to be of this plant, have lobes

in 2, 3 or 4 pair: and are otherwise like those of R. tayetoides.

Sub-Tribe 6. CALENDULEH. (Gen. 120-124.)

CXX. DIMORPHOTHECA, Vaill.

Heads radiate, ray-fl. ligulate, female, disc-fl. 5-toothed, either all

abortive, or all perfect, or (more usually) the outer ones perfect, the

inner abortive. Jnvol. uniseriate, of linear, acuminate scales. Recept.

flat, becoming convex, naked or with a few deciduous palex. Style of

the perfect flowers shortly bifid, the branches diverging, round-topped,

glandular at the margin, and piliferous externally ; of the fem. fl. with

long, glabrous branches. <Achenes without pappus, straight, those of the

ray wingless, obconic, 3-cornered, tubereulated, or sharply toothed, rarely

smooth; of the disc flattened, 2-winged, the wings thickened, wider

than the seed. DC. Prodr.6,p.70. Acanthotheca, DC.! 1. c. 73.

Herbaceous or half-shrubby plants, natives of S. Africa, very frequently viscoso-

glandular. Leaves alternate, toothed, lobed, or pinnati-partite, rarely entire, com-

monly scabrous and glandular. Heads terminal, solitary; dise-fl. yellow or brown,

or rarely purple ; rays either white with purple under surfaces, or purple or yellow.

The armature of the ray achenes varies so much in different species that I cannot

adopt Acanthotheca, DC., without dividing the genus into almost as many genera

as there are species. Name from dis, two; uopdn, shape; and @qxa, here meaning

the achenes; the achenes are of two forms.

A. Rays white, or purple, or white above, purple beneath (Sp. 1-9.)

Perennial. Stems short, simple, tufted, ending in peduncles:

Disc-achenes obcordate ; of ray mostly abortive (2) nudicaulis.

Dise-achenes abortive; of ray minutely pubes-

Otitis: MOON irc ag as ae sew ag. ses) Capnloncems.

Branching shrubs or suffrutices :

Dise-fl. with glabrous or sparsely pilose teeth :

VOL. III, 27

418 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [| Dimorphotheca.

Lys. obovate-spathulate, denticulate, thin (3) fruticosa,

Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire ... ... (4) Ecklonis.

Leaves lanceolate or linear, toothed :

Ray-achenes bluntly 3-angled, wrin-

kled and pitted now! Gy CRagne

Ray-ach. sub-trigonous, muricate-tu-

bercular ... . (8) Dregei.

Ray-ach. slender, sparingly tubercled (9) leptocarpa.

Dise-fl. biform; outer bearded, inner flat-top-

ped):tlosed: Sex tsce At cays

B. Rays yellow or orange. (Sp. 10-21.)

Perennial, with short, tufted stems, ending in peduncles.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire or toothed ... (10) Zeyheri.

Branching shrubs or suffrutices.

Leaves oblong-cuneate, coarsely few-toothed (12) cuneata,

Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, entire ... ... (11) aurantiaca.

Leaves oblong, sharply incised ; ray achenes

BRM... ek oi ee eee (13) chrysanthemifolia,

Leaves bi-pinnati-partite, lobes linear ... ... (14) multifida.

Annuals:

Leaves pinnati- or bipinnati-parted :

Lys. bi-pinnate. Ray-ach. margined with

cuneate lobes Ree: Se Noe eo (1B) eee

Lys. pinnate. Ray-ach. margined with

sharp teeth ... ... ... ... (16) pinnata.

Leaves oblong, sinuate-dentate or entire :

Branched from the base, diffuse :

Glabrous or nearly so. Lys. sinuate (17) sinuata.

Glabrous. Leaves entire, obtuse ... (20) integrifolia.

Glandular-scabrous. Inv. se. pilose (18) calendulacea.

Erect, single-stemmed, branched orsimple (19) dentata.

A. Rays white, purple, or discoloured beneath. (Sp. 1-9.)

- 1, D. annua (Less.! Syn. 257); annual, erect or diffuse, simple or

4 branched, scabrid with jointed and gland-tipped hairs; leaves narrow-

oblong or obovate-oblong, tapering much to the base, sinuate-toothed,

pilose, the upper small and narrow ; pedunc. terminal, in fruit cernuous;

outer disc-fl. fertile, inner sterile ; disc-achenes with smooth margin ;

ray-ach. much tuberculated. D. pluvialis, Moench. Meth. 585, DC. l. ¢.

70, and D. hybrida, DC. 1. ce. Calendula decurrens, Th.! Cap. 703. Cal.

hybrida, L. Th.! Cap. 704. Sw. Br. Fl. Gard. t. 39. Cal. pluvialis,

Linn. Th.! Cap. 704. Schk. Handb. t. 264. Meteorina gracilipes, and

M. crassipes, Cass. Mill. Ic. t. 79. f. 2, and t. 75. f. I.

Has. Western districts, in sandy soil, common. Simon's Bay, C. Wright! 389.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very variable in size and ramification. Leaves 1-3 inches long, mostly spathulato-

obovate, variably hairy or rough, bluntly toothed or incised. Pedunc. 2-3 inches

long, at first cylindrical, afterwards swelling upwards under the head and finally

nodding. Disc-fl. with taper-pointed, glabrous lobes. Anthers dark-coloured, blue

or purple. Rays uncial, white above, purple beneath, minutely 3-toothed.

2. D. nudicaulis (DC.) ; stems many from the crown, short, simple,

densely leafy, prolonged upwards into a long, naked or sparsely leafy,

scape-like peduncle ; leaves polymorphous, narrow-linear, linear-lance-

olate, oblongo-lanceolate, spathulate-oblong or obovate, the narrow ones

entire or subentire, the broader sinuate-dentate, hispido-scabrous 0

more or less glabrous, acute or obtuse; pedune. roughly pubescent oF

Dimorphotheca.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 419

hirsute, erect ; ray-fl. and outer disc-fl., also innermost disc-fl. mostly

abortive ; achenes of medial disc-fl. fertile, roundish-obcordate, with

smooth edges. D. perennis, Less. !

Var. a. latifolia ; leaves spathulate-oblong or obovate, sinuate, tapering at base

subacute. D. nudicaulis, DC.!l.c. 71. Calendula nudicaulis, Linn. Th.! Cap. 704,

Var. 8. intermedia ; leaves lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate, dentate, scabrous.

Calendula 941, Hb. Eckl. ,

Var. y. graminifolia ; leaves narrow-linear, entire or remotely toothed, glabrous,

or scaberulous, or scabrous. D. graminifolia, DC. l.¢. Calend. graminifolia, Linn.

Th.! Cap. 703. Mill, Dict. t. 76. f. 1. Bot. Reg. t. 289.

Has, Sidesand summit of Table Mt., and flats near Wynberg, frequent. Gna-

dendahl, Dr. Roser. HassagaisKlo of, and Berg River, Zey./ 834. 8. Cape, Ecklon!

Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 390. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Rootstock thick and woody ; stems forming tufts often a foot across ; the leafy

part 3-4 inches long, ending in a leafless pedunc. often a foot or more high. Shape

of leaves and pubescence extremely variable ; no limits between the above varieties,

Heads large ; the rays uncial, white above, purple beneath. Disc-fl. sparsely pilose

externally, with shortly lanceolate, acute (not taper-pointed) lobes. In all my

specimens the ray-achenes are abortive.

3. D.fruticosa(Less.! Syn. 257); suffruticoseat base, diffusely branched

or decumbent, leafy; leaves alternate, obovato-spathulate, subacute,

tapering much at base, sparingly denticulate, thin, glanduloso-scaber-

ulous; pedune. short, terminal ; disc-fl. all abortive ; achenes of ray

trigonous, slightly curved, hispidulous, the sides wrinkled, base acute,

apex 3-tubercled. DC./l.c.71. Calendula fruticosa, Iinn, Mill. Dict.

t. 283. Th.! Cap. p. 704. Blaxium decumbens, Cass.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Sandy sea shores: Kamps Bay, Capetown, W. H. H.

oe E. § Z.!' Near Port Natal, Drege! T. Williamson! (Herb. Th., D.,

Stems se ft. long, weak, trailing on the ground, almost herbaceous, save near

the base, branching, laxly leafy. Leaves 2-3 inches long, tapering into almost a

petiole at base, }-1 inch wide near the apex, of much thinner substance than in most

species. Pedunc. 2~3 inches long. Rays white, reddish or purplish beneath.

Dise-fi, glabrous. :

4. D. Ecklonis (DC. 1. c. 71); suffruticose, robust, erect, branching,

scaberulous; leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire or

subrepand-denticulate, acute, narrowed at base, thickish, mid-ribbed,

calloso-mucronulate ; pedune. terminal, longish, one-headed, pulveru-

lent-scabrous; inv. scales sub-biseriate, much acuminate, those of the

inner row scarious; achenes of the ray pyriform-oblong, sharply tri-

gonous, the sides finely wrinkled, the outer side convex-backed, the

others flat ; outer disc-fl. with glabrous teeth.

Has. Koega R., near Elandstroom, Ecklon! Zwartkops R., Uit., Zey.! 2813.

Port Elizabeth, Mrs. Holland, 46. Aapjes R. and Magalisberg, Burke g Zey.! Zey.!

831. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) : :

A strong-growing, half-herbaceous plant, 2 f. or more high, simple below, many-

branched at the top, the stem and branches closely leafy, all parts minutely powdery-

scabrous, drying pale. Leaves 2-3 inches long, ¢ to nearly 3 inch wide, rarely sub-

calloso-denticulate. Pedune. 5-8 inches long, erect. Heads resembling those of

D. nudicaulis ; the rays 14 inch long, white above, purplish beneath, glandularly

scabrous on the tube, Achenes not seen on the Magalisberg specimens, which are

otherwise similar.

ris

420 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Dimorphotheca.

oP ~ 5, D, eaulescens (Harv.); stems short, tufted, simple, sparsely leafy,

4 prolonged into naked peduncles; all parts glandularly-scaberulous ;

- zadical leaves spathulato-lanceolate, much attenuate at base, entire or

repand, callous pointed, cauline linear-lanceolate, sessile, thickish, mid-

ribbed ; iny. scales about 12, lanceolate, pubescent ; achenes of ray

oblong, bluntly trigonous, in the upper part minutely echinato-puberu-

lent, below quite smooth, glossy, not wrinkled ; disc-fl. with glabrous,

acuminate teeth, £. & Z./ Comp. Z. n. N. n. H, 112-11 and 117-11.

Has. Cape, Eck. § Zey.! Elandsberg, Queenstown, 7. Cooper! 216. Weenen

Country, Natal, Dr. Sutherland! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)

Stems (including the peduncle) 12-15 inches high, leafy for about 2 their length.

Radical leaves several, 2-4 inches long, cauline about 2 inches, all varying from

2 to 4-5 lines broad, the radical broader. Heads erect, on peduncles 3-§ inches

long. Rays white above, purple beneath, with glandularly scabrous tubes. Allied

to D. Ecklonis in foliage ; differing in habit and in the achenes. Dr. Sutheriand’s

mse ae so far as they go, agree with those of E. ¢ Z. on which the species is

ounded.

6. D. Barberie (Harv.); suffruticose, straggling, minutely glandular-

pubescent; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, the lower ones much attenuated

at base, upper sessile, acute or subacute, distantly calloso-denticulate

or quite entire; pedune. elongate; inv. scales much acuminate, scaber-

ulous, with membranous edges; disc-fl. sterile, of two forms, the outer

open, with bearded, bluntish lobes ; the inner closed, the lobes conni-

vent, inflated, or cap-like, glabrous; ray achenes smooth. Bot. Mag. t.

5337:

Has, Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker, 274. Emyate, Natal, Gerr. § M’K. 1059. (Hb. D.)

Young plants herbaceous, older weakly suffruticose, with long, diffuse, laxly leafy

stems. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, upper 14-2 inches, 4-6 lines wide. Pedunc.

6-8 inches long. Fl. handsome; the rays uncial, of a deep bright purple on the

upper surface, dull purple beneath. Disc-fl. also purple, the central ones with

curious puffy-concave lobes bent inwards and forming together a flattened, waxy,

§-angled table. The species is named after Mrs. F. W. Barber, to whom I am in-

debted for seeds and dried specimens. It has been introduced to English gardens,

but the cultivated specimens do not show the brilliant purple of the wild ones.

7. D. Tragus (DC. 1. c. 71); suffruticose, rigid, scabrous, diffusely

branched, the branches leafy nearly to the summit; leaves lanceolate-

linear or lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, scabrous and glandular,

distantly spinoso-denticulate, the teeth short, subulate, spreading or

deflexed; heads shortly pedunculate, at length cernuous, few-flowered ;

achenes of the dise-fl. all abortive, of the ray bluntly 3-angled, the angles

swollen at base into knobs, the sides wrinkled and pitted. Calendula

Tragus, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. t. 153. Cal. Tragus 8., Bot. Mag. t. 1981.

Var. 8. scabra; leaves narrow-linear or subulate, often entire ; pedunc. rather

longer. D. scabra, DC. l. . 72.

Has. Cape, Jacquin. Drakensteenberg, Drege! Worcester, E. § Z./ Waterfall,

Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe! Witsenberg, Zey.! 832. . Worcester, Drege! R. Zonder

Einde, Zey./ 2814. Zwarteberg, Pappe! Caledon, E. & Z./ (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

12-18 inches high, robust, copiously glandular and scabrous, Leaves sessile or

shortly tapering at base, 1-2 inches long, from 14 line to half an inch broad, thickish,

nerved beneath. Pedunc. scarcely 2 inches long. Invol. campanulate, longer than

the disc, the scales much acuminate, roughly pubescent. Rays uncial, white above,

purplish beneath. §. is very diffuse or procumbent, often many-stemmed from 4

Dimorphotheca. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 421

leafy crown, with much narrower leaves and longer peduncles. The pubescence

varies in amount ; the marginal teeth when present are always sharp and patent.

I find intermediate states connecting the typical D. Tragus with “ D. scabra,” DC.

Calendula scabra, Hb. Th. partly belongs to this species ; partly to D, annua?

8. D. Dregei (DC. 1. ¢. 72); “stem shrubby, erect, branched, the

branches and leaves rough with glandular [scabrous] pubescence ; leaves

crowded, sessile, linear-elongate, with 2-3 obtuse teeth on each side,

sinuate-dentate, with subreflexed margin; pedune. naked, one-headed ;

invol. scales 10-13, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, on the back glandular ;

achenes of ray oblong, sub-trigonous, muricato-tubercular, of the dise

sterile, smooth.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege.

‘*A shrublet 4-5 inches high. Leaves 13~2 inches long, 1-14 line wide. Fl.

unknown.” DC. Only known to me by a frustule, without flowers, in Hb. Sond.

It may be a mere var. of D. Tragus.

9. D. leptocarpa (DC. 1. c. 72); “stem subherbaceous, branched,

glabrous [scaberulous] ; branches glandularly-pubescent, naked at the

summit, one-headed ; leaves oblong-cuneate, toothed, glandularly-pu-

berulent, the upper linear, entire; achenes of the ray slender, subtrigon-

ous, along the angles and at apex sparingly tuberculate.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Between Kaus and the Gariep, Drege. (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 1-2 inches long, tapering at base, the smaller often spathulate. Pedunc.

2-3 inches long. Rays uncial, white, with blueish tips (‘‘ sub-ccerulescent,” DC.)

Only known to me by a very imperfect specimen.

B. Rays yellow ov orange. (Sp. 10-20.)

10. D. Zeyheri (Sond.); stems short, tufted, simple, scaberulous,

ending in naked peduncles; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, either

entire or coarsely few-toothed, or sinuate, subglabrous, calloso-ciliolate,

thickish, one-nerved; inv. scales lanceolate-acuminate, dorsally scabrous,

with white margins; rays yellow; achenes of ray triquetrous, the angles

crenate-toothed, the faces rugulose and gland-dotted ; of dise flat, with

wide, thickened rim, occasionally 3-winged.

Has. Zuurepoost, Stormberg, Sep., Zey.! Near Burghersdorp, Albert, 7. Cooper!

971. (Herb. Sond., D.)

Stems in dense tufts, 1-2 inches long, leafy, prolonged 4-5 inches into a sparsely

leafy flowering stem, ending in a naked, scabrous, one-headed peduncle. Leaves

1}-2 inches long, 2-4 lines wide, the surface mostly glabrous. Heads of small size ;

rays scarcely uncial. Mr. Cooper's plant is smaller, less scabrous, with more entire

leaves.

11. D. aurantiaca (DC.! 1. c. 72); stem suffruticose or fruticose,

erect, glabrous, pale; branches rodlike, sparingly leafy, ending in short

pedunc., pubescent beneath the fl. head; leaves linear-oblong or spathu-

late, obtuse, entire, narrowed at base, thick, faintly ribbed, the young

ones minutely softly ciliolate; inv. scales linear-acuminate, longer than

the dise, with a dorsal line of short hairs, and wide, pale margins; rays

orange-yellow; achenes....% Calendula flaccida, Vent. Malm. t. 20.

jide DC. Castalis Ventenuti, Cass.

Has. Little Namaqualand, near Haasenkraal’s river ; betw. Koussie and Zilver-

fontein, and near Kooperberg, Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

422 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) | Dimorphotheca.

A ntly a tallish, laxly branched, rigid shrub, with slender, rodlike flowering

branches 12-15 inches long. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, tapering much

to the base, the upper gradually smaller. Heads large, erect. Rays numerous, an

inch or more long, bright orange-yellow. I have not seen fruit.

12. D. cuneata (Less.! Syn. 257); shrubby, much-branched, glandu-

lar, viscidulous ; leaves crowded, cuneate or oblongo-oboyate, or lanceo-

late, coarsely or sharply few-toothed, thick, obscurely midribbed, glabrous

or nearly so, gland-dotted, subdecurrent; pedune. short, glanduloso-

pubescent ; invol. scales linear-acuminate, minutely puberulous, pale-

edged, barbato-ciliate near the apex; rays yellow; disc-fl. with glabrous

teeth, the outer fertile ; achenes of the ray (?); of the dise flattened,

obcordate, with a wide, thick-rimmed marginal wing. DC. l. c. p. 72.

Calendula cuneata, Th.! Cap. 705. C. viscosa, Andr. Rep. t. 412. Arctotis

glutinosa, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1343.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Nieuwe Hantum and Graaf Reynet, Drege! Uitenhage

and Albany, frequent, 2. § Z.! Mrs. F.W. Barber! Zey.! 2812, 3066. Natal, Miss

Owen! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Young plants suffruticose, with long, slender fl. branches ; old ones rigidly shrubby,

twiggy, much and closely branched, the old branches naked, and rough with the

bases of old leaves, the younger short, leafy. Leaves variable in shape and size,

always much narrowed at base, and generally sharply toothed, from } inch to 14

inch long, the young ones minutely glanduloso-puberulous. Stems and leaves exude

viscid, strong-scented substance. Pedune, 2-3 inches long; in young plants 4-5

inches. Rays yellow, uncial, I have not seen any ripe achenes of the ray.

13. D. chrysanthemifolia (DC. 1. c. 73); shrubby, minutely scaberu-

lous, subglabrous; branches virgate ; leaves obovate-oblong, sharply

incised or unequally toothed, the lobes often again toothed; pedunc.

naked, one-headed; inv. scales lanceolate, acuminate, scaberulous or

pilose, margined with soft hairs; achenes of ray trigonous, smooth;

of disc flattened, thick-margined. Calendula chrysanthemifolia, Vent.

Malm. t. 56. Bot. Reg. t. 40. Bot. Mag. t. 2218. Arnoldia aurea, Cass.

Osteospermum floridum, E. Mey.!

Has. Cape, Ventenat ; Krebs, 193. it’ i , Drege! -

Hk, 8d, DB) ebs, 193. Dutoit’s kloof and Simonsberg, Drege! (Hb.

3 2 f. or more high, with long, simple, leafy branches. Leaves 2-3 inches long,

z-! inch wide, more or less petiolate, or tapering at base, sparingly and minutely

scaberulous. Heads large, rays 14-1} inch long, yellow.

14. D, multifida (DC. 1. c. 73); “ suffruticose, erect, branching, gla-

brous; branches long, terete, ending in long, naked peduncles; leaves

bipinnati-partite, the lobes linear, acute; inv. scales 1-2 seriate, linear,

with membranous margins, the inner few and very narrow; achenes of

the ray compressed-trigonous, transversely furrowed, wingless; of the

disc compressed, sterile, the outer larger with callous margin, the inner

narrow, pellucid.

Has. Fisch River, Drege. Karroo and in Albany, £. ¢ Z. (fide DC.)

_15. D. polyptera (DC. 1l.c. 73); annual, many stemmed, much branched,

viscidulous ; leaves ipinnati-partite, the lobes linear, obtuse, with revo-

lute margins; pedunc. short, cernuous, glandular; inv. scales lanceolate,

glandular-pubescent, subciliate, equalling the disc ; rays yellow; achenes

Dimorphotheca.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 423

of ray oblong, subtrigonous, the outer angles many-lobed, the lobes cuno-

ate ; of disc flat, the outer obovate, perfect, with thickened rim, the inner

oblong, sterile, pellucid.

Has. Zilverfontein, Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched, viscidly glandular annual, 4-12incheslong, diffuse (or prostrate ?)

Leaves 1-14 inch long, their lobes or lobules not a line wide. Fl. heads small;

the pedunc. 1-2 inches long. Rays seemingly a pale yellow.

16. D. pinnata (Harv.); annual, glandularly pubescent and viscous,

many stemmed, branched ; leaves pinnati-partite, the lobeslinear, obtuse,

entire or here and there lobulate ; pedunc. short; inv. scales linear, acute,

glandular; achenes of rays obconic, trigonous, the angles sharply 3-4-

toothed, teeth rigid, deltoid; of the disc abortive. Calendula pinnata,

Th.! Cap. p. 705. Acanthotheca pinnatisecta, DC. l. c. 73. Chrysanthe-

mum Lidbeckioides, Less. ! Syn. 253.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Dr. Thom! Olifants R., and Zilverfontein, Drege! Zey.! 836,

Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched annual, 6-12 inches high, glandularly pubescent and viscid in

all parts. Leaves 4-1 inch long, the lobes 1 line wide or less, often quite entire, as

often toothed or lobed. Pedune. 1-2 inches long. Achenes minutely glandular on

the sides. Rays uncial, orange yellow.

17. D. sinuata(DC.! 1. c. 72); annual, branched from the base, nearly

glabrous, the branches leafy, ending in short peduncles; leaves oblong,

obtuse, sinuate, narrowed at base, the younger ones subciliate ; inv. scales

lanceolate-acuminate, quite glabrous, longer than disc; achenes of ray

trigonous, everywhere tubercled ; of disc flat, with thickened rim ; rays

orange.

Has. Zilverfontein, Drege! (Herb. Hook.)

A diffuse annual. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 5-6 lines wide. Rays about an

inch long.

18. D. calendulacea (Harv.); annual, branched from the base, glan-

dularly scaberulous throughout, the young parts pubescent; branches

leafy, ending in short peduncles; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, sinu-

ate-toothed, narrowed at base, obtuse; inv. scales lanceolate-acuminate,

black-dotted and albo-pilose, with membr. margins, longer than the

disc ; achenes of ray (young) trigonous, tuberculated; of disc flat, with

thickened rim; rays orange.

Has. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D.)

Nearly allied to D. sinuata, and perhaps a mere variety. It differs in its copious

glandular pubescence and more evidently toothed leaves ; black-dotted invol. scales

and longer rays. ‘Leaves 2-3 inches long, 4~5 lines wide, upper smaller. Rays 14

inch long, orange yellow. The fl. heads resemble those of a “ marigold.”

19. D. dentata (DC.); annual, erect, branched, glandularly pubes-

cent; branches ending in naked peduncles; leaves oblong, narrowed

at base, sinuate-toothed, puberulous, the upper narrower, sessile ; inv.

scales lanceolate, acuminate, narrowly membrane-edged ; achenes un-

known. <Acanthotheca? dentata, DC. 1. c. p. 74:

Has. Brackfontein, Clanwilliam, 7. § Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

So similar to D. annua that except for the yellow rays (if they be yellow 2) I can-

424 coMPosiT& (Harv.) [ Tripteris.

not distinguish it. Until the fruit shall have been seen, it must be considered a

doubtful species.

20. D. integrifolia (DC.); “ annual, many-stemmed, branching, gla-

brous ; leaves oblong, linear, obtuse, entire; rays 7-8, yellow, brown

at base; achenes only near the summit aculeate; disc-fl. few.” Acan-

thotheca integrifolia, DC. 1.c. 74.

Has. Oliphant’s River, Drege! (Unknown to us.)

CXXI. TRIPTERIS, Less.

Heads many-fl., moncecious; ray-fl. ligulate, female ; disc. tubular,

bisexual, but sterile. Jnvol. 1-2-seriate, the scales free, often membr.-

edged. Recept. naked, flat, at length subconvex, Anthers minutely

setose. Styles of ray bifid ; of disc undivided, Achenes of ray 3-cornered,

the angles produced in mostly unequal wings, the sides smooth or echi-

nate, straight, substipitate, beaked, the beak hollow, on one side closed

with a hyaline membrane ; sometimes (monstrously ?) terete, elongate,

wingless, with solid beak. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 456.

Herbs, suffrutices, or small rigid shrubs, chiefly S. African, mostly glandularly

viscid and strongly scented. Leaves incised or toothed or entire, alternate or oppo-

site, Heads panicled or ending the branches or stems. Rays yellow, white or

purplish. Name from tps, three, and wrepos, a wing ; from the 3-winged achenes.

§ 1. Oprosrtrrotim. Small shrubs, with constantly opposite leaves. (Sp. 1-6.)

Quite glabrous in all parts ; leaves glaucous, quite entire.

Lys. spathulate or lanceolate; rays deep-orange, 12-14 (1) glabrata.

Lys. linear-subl late ; rays yellow, about ro ... (2) pallescens.

Thinly gland-pubescent, powdery or canous :

Lvs. linear-spathulate. entire, thinly glandular ... (3) Thomii,

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sinvate-toothed, minutely

We we ne tn i. «4

Lys. narrow-linear, acute, entire or denticulate, gland-

eee ae tangy SS ee Samer gee ee eee (5) linearis,

Lvs. linear, mucronulate, entire, canous ... .... ... (6) imeana,

§ 2. Ricmpz. Rigid, scabrous herbs; stems leafy, panicled at the summit ; leaves,

except the uppermost, opposite, sharply toothed. (Sp. 7-9.)

Leaves lanceolate, tapering at base :

Stem quite glabrous and smooth ; lvs. papillate-scabrid (7) rigida.

All parts seabrid and glandular... ... ... ... ... (8) dentata.

Lys. ovate or ovato-lanceolate, broad and clasping at base (g) amplexicaulis.

§ 3. Panicutat#. Annual or perennial herbs; stems leafy, panicled or corym-

bose at summit ; all the leaves alternate. (Sp. 10-14.)

Leaves toothed or sinuate, glandular or viscidulous :

Inv. scales lanceolate-acuminate, narrowly memb.-edged :

Lvs. ear-clasping, sharply-toothed ; achenes 5-6

lines long, amply winged ... ... ... ... (10) amplectens.

Leaves subpetiolate ; inciso-pinnatifid or entire,

, achenes not 2 lines long, narrow-winged ... (11) microearpa-

Iny. scales oblong-acute, with very wide memb. edges: é

Rays as long as inv., or scarcely longer ... ... (12) clandestina.

Rays 2-3 times as long as pbs ti las 13) hyoseroides.

(a3) hy

Leaves quite entire, lanceolate ; the adult quite glabrous (14)

§ 4. Caubescenrus. Rootstock perennial, ligneous, leafy at the crown ; stems

Tripteris. | COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 425

subherbaceous, leafy, simple or branched ; branches ending in 1-headed ;

all the leaves alternate. (Sp. 15-22.) : = ene

Lys. glabrous, — cuneate-spathulate, obtuse ; achenes

narrow-wing We rs aS ag cee Peg ee eed thulata,

Lys. hispid or glandular, more or less toothed or séiimdlcisiohsn: =

Achenes amply-winged, smooth or nearly smooth:

Lower lvs. cuneate, acute, coarsely 3-toothed at

summit, or endive 20.09. a ae et ee hillana,

Lower lys. linear-lanceolate, few-toothed, hispid; bg

inv. sc, linear-lanceolate, acute... (17) setifera.

Lower lys. linear-oblong, sinuate-toothed or run-

cinate; invol. sc. oblong, obtuse, with a wide

Worden © i ss ey. ewe Foe see ee ee

Achenes amply winged, rough-sided :

Stems much branched, flexuous ; leaves oblong-

lanceolate, subentire ... ... ... ... ... (19) Natalensis.

Stems ascending, sub-simple; leaves oblong-lan-

ceolate, subentire or sharply toothed ... ... (20) glandulosa,

Dwarf ; rad, leaves rosulate, obtuse, undulato-

sinuate, ae ee Pee ee a at)

Leaves woolly, subradical, long-petioled, obovate or obo-

vato-lanceolate, entire; stems scape-like ... ... ... (22) tomentosa,

§ 5. Fruticos#. Small suffrutices or shrubs, often spiny, with alternate leayes.

(Sp. 23-27.)

Unarmed ; stems suffruticose ; leaves scabrous :

Lvs. petioled, cuneate at base, coarsely 2-4-toothed (23) petiolata.

Lvs. sessile, oblong or lanceolate, entire or denticulate (24) arborescens.

Twigs spinous-tipped ; stems rigid, ligneous; lvs. mostly smooth:

Lvs. glaucous, fiat, glabr., entire or 3-toothed; wings

Orit. menipranous 5° A AS a) eseeng,

Lys. not glaucous, viscid, flat, entire or 3-toothed ;

wings offr. coriaceous ... ... ... ... «+... (26) pachypteris.

Leaves viscid, linear-semiterete, 3-5~7-lobed ; lobes

blunt; wings of fr. narrow ... ... ... .-- +. (27) leptoloba.

§ 1. OppositiFoLiz. (Sp. 1-6.)

1, T. glabrata (Harv.); shrubby, unarmed, erect, glabrous, glaucous ;

branches terete, pale; leaves opposite, sessile, linear-spathulate or lan-

ceolate, obtuse or subacute, quite entire, thickish and somewhat fleshy,

faintly 3-nerved ; pedunc. terminal and from the upper axils, long, nude,

scaberulous below the head ; heads at length nodding; inv. sc. biseriate,

lanceolate, membr.-edged, glabrous, serrulate; achenes smooth, amply

3-winged. Calendula glabrata, Thunb. ! Cap. 702. Osteosp. glabratum,

Less.! Syn. 89. DC. 1. c. 466. Tripteris macroptera, DC.! l. c. 456.

Has. Heerelogement, Clanw., Thunberg! Silverfontein, Drege! Little Namaqua-

land, 4. Wyley! (Herb. Th., D. Hk., Sd.) :

1-2 ft. high, with mostly opposite, widely spreading branches. Leaves 1-2 inches

long, 2~4 lines wide, tapering to the base, strictly opposite, the uppermost sometimes

alternate. Pedunc. 3-5 inches long, erect, nodding in fruit. Rays 12-14, long and

broad, rich orange-colour (like “‘marigolds”); dise-fl. purplish. 1 have seen a single

achene in Hb. Thunb. whose specimens quite agree with Drege’s.

2. T. pallescens (DC. 1. c. 456); “shrubby, glabrous; stem terete,

pale; branches ending in 3 nude, one-headed pedicels ; leaves opposite,

linear-sublanceolate, quite entire, glaucous, callous-tipped ; inv. sc. uni-

426 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Tripteris.

seriate, linear, submarginate, shorter than disc; rays about 10, four times

longer than the inv., yellow; mature achenes unknown.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has, Olifants R., Drege. (Unknown to me.)

Said to differ from 7. glabrata by its narrower, more-linear leaves, yellow, not

orange rays, and narrower inv. scales.

3. T. Thomii (Harv.); shrubby, oppositely branched, thinly gland-

pubescent ; leaves opposite, linear-spathulate, tapering to the base,

obtuse, mucronulate, thickish, quite entire; heads ending the branches;

inv. sc. uniseriate, linear, white-edged, slightly scabrid; achenes?

Has. Cape, Dr. Thom! (Herb. Hk.)

A ligneous, much-branched shrub. Leaves 1 in. long, 2-3 1. wide, perhaps a little

fleshy when recent. Rays 8-10, yellow.

4. T. sinuata(DC.1.c.456); shrubby, oppositely branched, minutely

powdery-pubescent, glaucous; leaves opposite, oblong or lanceolate,

tapering at base, subobtuse, sinuate-toothed ; heads on terminal pedun-

cles; inv. sc. sub-biseriate, powdery-scabrid at back, lanceolate, mem-

brane-edged, rather longer than the disc; achenes smooth, amply 3-

winged.

Has. Namaqualand, and betw. Zwarteberg and Aasvogelberg ; and Driekoppen,

Karroo, Drege! Graaf Reynet, Eckl.! Bitterfontein, Zey/ 1023, Kareeberge, E. § 2./

Dwyca R., Zey ! 1022. (Herb. Hk., Sd.) .

A small, rigid shrub. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 3-41. wide, variable in shape and

amount of toothing. Rays yellow. Heads at length nodding.

5. T. linearis (Harv.); shrubby, oppositely branched, minutely and

thinly viscoso-puberulous ; leaves opposite, narrow-linear, acute, entire or

here and there denticulate, thick and somewhat fleshy, nerveless ; pedunc.

terminal, one-headed, powdery-puberulous; inv. scales lanceolate, pow-

dery-scabrid at back, margined; achenes? Osteosp. No. 162, Hb. Eckl.

Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

This is nearest 7. sinuata, but differs in foliage. Leaves }-1 in. long, }-line diam.

Pedune. 2-3 in. long. FI. yellow.

6. T.incana (Harv.); shrubby, the young partscanous with very minute,

close-lying pubescence ; branches slender, rodlike, striate, mostly oppo-

site; leaves opposite, sessile, linear, thickish, nerveless, mucronulate,

slightly concave above ; pedicels terminal, nodding ; inv. sc. linear, acute,

canous, uniseriate; achenes? Osteosp. incanum, Th.! Cap. 714.

Has. Bokkeveld Karroo, Thunberg/ (Herb. Th.)

1-2 ft. high, ligneous, much branched; branches decussate, 10-12 in. long, with

distant leaf-pairs, simple. Leaves 3—1 in. long, 1-1. wide, erect. Mature fi.-heads

unknown. This has so many characters in common with the opposite-leaved sp. of

Tripteris, that, though the fruit be unknown, I venture to place it among them.

§ 2. Ricmpxz. (Sp. 7-9.)

7. T. rigida (Harv.); herbaceous, rigid; stem quite glabrous, terete,

smooth, erect, branching and panicled upwards; lower and medial leaves

opposite, very rigid, lanceolate, acute, tapering somewhat at base, sharply

_ 3-nerved above the base, papillato-scabrid on both sides with

‘Taised points, but not pubescent; upper leaves alternate, small,

Tripteris. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 427

linear or subulate; pedicels scaberulous, at length nodding; inv. se.

lance-oblong, acute, scabrous, narrow-edged; achenes?

Has. Roadside, betw. Wynberg and Constantia, Dr. Wallich! (Herb. D.)

2-3 ft. high, much branched, pale, very rigid. Leaves 13~2 in. long, 4-6 1. wide,

scorbiculate. Old, empty inv. only seen: but the genus can hardly be doubtful.

8. T. dentata (Harv.); herbaceous, scabrid and glandular in all parts ;

stems ascending or erect, terete, corymbose at summit; lower and medial

Jeaves opposite, oblongo-lanceolate, tapering at base, the lowest sub-

petiolate, on both sides scabrid, sinuate-toothed, the teeth sharply

callous-mucronate ; uppermost leaves alternate, subentire ; corymb

loosely forked, several-headed ; inv. sc. lanceolate, acuminate, scabrid,

narrow-edged ; achenes thinly hispid or smooth, amply 3-winged.

Has. Kampground, near Capetown, Z£.¢ Z./ Muysenberg, Dr. Wallich! (Herb.

Rootstock ligneous, probably perennial. Stems several from the crown, 1-14 ft.

high. Leaves 2-24 in. long, 4-6 lines wide, tapering much at base; the mucronate

teeth subrecurved, with rounded interspaces. Achenes 5-6 lines long; wings 1} 1.

wide, often purple. Rays about 12, bright-yellow.

9. T. amplexicaulis (Less.! Syn. go, non DC.); herbaceous, scabrid

and glandular in all parts; stem erect, terete, simple, ending in a

corymbose, leafless panicle; lower and medial leaves opposite, broad

and ear-clasping at base, often connate, ovate or ovato-lanceolate, acute,

-coarsely toothed, on both sides rough with hard, raised points; upper-

most leaves alternate, lanceolate or subulate ; corymb compound, many-

headed ; inv. sc. oblong, acuminate, membr. edged ; achenes muricated,

3-winged. Calendula amplexicaulis, Th. ! Cap. 705. Osteosp. connatum,

DC.! 1. ¢. 466.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Brakfontein, Clanw. and Olifant’s R., E. § Z.! Zeeder-

berg, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem 2-3 feet high, but soft, not ligneous. Leaves 2-4 in. long, 1-2 in. wide.

Pedicels at length nodding. Heads small. FI. pale-yellow.

§ 3. Panicunatz. (Sp, 10-14.)

10. T. amplectens (Harv.); annual; stem herbaceous, erect, branch-

ing, terete, gland-scabrid; leaves alternate, lanceolate, coarsely and

sharply toothed, narrowed towards the base, but at the base more or

less dilated and stem-clasping, scabrid and glandular on both sides;

upper lvs. small, subentire, clasping; branches panicled at the summit ;

pedicels long, glandular, cernuous; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate,

dorsally scabrous, membr. edged; rays 12-15, thrice as long as the

inv. ; achenes smooth or scaberulous, amply 3-winged. 7. amplexicaulis,

DC. 11. c. 457, excl. syn.

Has. Namaqualan ¢/ Cape Flats, FE. § Z.! W.H.H. Kruilsrivier, Zey./

3342. Simehte Wan; 4 Weak, ae (Hexb. D. Hk., Sd.) —

Stems 14-2 ft. high, loosely branched. Leaves 2-3 in. long, 4-61. wide, rather

rigid and harsh to the touch, more or less amply eared at base. Achenes 6-7 1.

long, the wings sometimes purple ; sometimes quite smooth, sometimes with a few

bristles, and in other cases very scabrous !

11. T. microcarpa (Harv.); herbaceous, more or less glandular-pu-

428 coMPosIT# (Harv.) [Tripteris.

bescent; branches virgate, corymboso-paniculate at top; lower leaves

petiolate, with or without small, basal auricles, lance-oblong, inciso-.

pinnatifid or very deeply cut, glandularly pubescent ; upper sessile,

half-clasping, toothed or entire; inv. sc. lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate,

with a narrow membr. border, dorsally scabrid; achenes (small) about

as long as the inv. scales, quite glabrous, with a narrow membranous

wing.

Var. 8. glabrescens; much less glandular ; lower leaves unknown; upper broad-

based, stem-clasping, entire or toothed ; fruit as in a.

Has. Léwentans, Zey/ 1026. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! 8. Namaqualand,

Pappe! Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)

The specimens seen are all imperfect, and perhaps the description of the foliage

may need correction, or I may possibly confound two species. The strongest cha-

racter lies in the achenes, which are scarcely 2 lines long, with wings } line.

0%) 5 ao ay ae

-* “12, T. clandestina (Less.! in Linn, 6. p. 97); annual, viscidulous;

t - °

_ stem herbaceous, erect, sparsely pilose, leafy, paniculately branched;

_ leaves oblong obtuse, sinuato-dentate or repand, subglabrous or sparsely

Vv“ pilose, the lowest much attenuated at base, subpetiolate, upper sessile

and more or less stem-clasping at base; pedicels ending the branches,

cernuous; inv. sc. oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, with narrow, opaque,

scabrous centre and very wide, white, membr. edges; rays scarcely lon-

ger than inv.; achenes amply 3-winged, either smooth, or more or less

echinate. Calendula hybrida, fol. 3, Thunb.! in Hb.

Var. a. leiocarpa; achenes quite smooth. 7’. herbacea, and T. scariosa, DC. 4. ¢.

458. Calendula hybrida, Th.! fol. 3.

Var. 8. echinocarpa; achenes more or less bristled on the sides. 7’. clandestina,

DC. 1. c., non Less. T. hyoseroides, B. echinocarpa, DC. l. ce.

Has. A common weed round Capetown, and in the W. districts. Hassaquays-

kloof, Zey./ 3067, ex. pte. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.

Stem 8-18 inches high, more or less branched. Lower leaves 4~5 in. long, #-1

in. wide; upper 1-13 in. long. Thunberg’s specimen, on which Lessing founded his

‘*T. clandestina,” is precisely T.herbacea, E. M. I find the rough and smooth achenes

a very variable character in specimens from the same localities.

13, T. hyoseroides (DC. 1. c. 458); “stem herbaceous, erect, minutely

gland-pubescent, panicled at the summit ; lower leaves elliptic-oblong,

obtuse, obtusely sinuate, tapering into a petiole ; cauline oblong-linear,

acute, sub-entire, bluntly eared at base, all very minutely downy ; pe-

dune. nude, elongate ; inv. sc. elliptic, acute, dorsally glandular, widely

membr. edged ; rays twice or thrice as long as the inv. ; achenes 3-winged,

smooth.” DC. l.c¢., excl. var. 8.

Has. Betw. Kaus, Natvoet, and Doornport, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

This seems to differ from 7’. clandestina chiefly in its longer ray-flowers.

14. T. polycephala(DC.! l.c. 458); perennial?; stem herbaceous, erect,

glabrous, corymbosely much branched, branches many-headed; twigs,

pedicels and young leaves minutely glandular, viscidulous; leaves lanceo-

late, elongate, tapering to each end, entire, glabrous, glaucous, 3-nerved ;

inv. sc. linear-subulate, acuminate, narrow-edged ; rays 12-15, twice as

long as the iny. ; achenes quite smooth, 3-winged, wings glossy, rather

narrow.

Tripteris. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 429

Has. Hills near Verleptpraam, by the Gariep, Drege! (Herb. Hk.)

A large plant, perhaps 2-3 ft. high, with robust stem and branches, drying pale.

Leaves 4-5 in. long, 5-8 1. wide. Achenes scarcely 21.long. Inv. se. not 41. wide,

very sharp-pointed. The rays seem to have been red or dark-coloured.

§ 4. Cautescentes. (Sp. 15-22.)

15. T. spathulata (DC.?1.c.458); rootstock ligneous; stems fruticose

and leafy at base, herbaceous upwards, ascending-erect, prolonged into

subsimple or branching peduncles; lower leaves cuneato- or obovato-

spathulate, obtuse, tapering much at base, glabrous, entire (“or here and

there subdentate”’ DC.), coriaceous ; upper oblong, half-clasping at base;

pedicels scabrous; inv. sc. linear, obtuse, dorsally scaberulous, margined;

achenes smooth, with 3 narrow wings.

Has. Fields near Zwartkops R., Uit., EZ. & Z./ Zey.! 3065. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stems probably many from the crown; the ligneous portion sometimes very short,

in which case the lower leaves are subrosulate and almost radical. Fl. stems 1-1}

ft. high, quite herbaceous. Leaves 24-3 in. long, 1-} in wide, wide with immersed

nerve, scarcely obvious when dry. The wings of the achenes are remarkably narrow.

T have not seen an authentic sp. of DC.’s plant.

16. T. Aghillana (DC.1.¢.457); stem half-shrubby, dwarf, branching,

closely leafy below; leaves cuneate, tapering much at base, acute, either

entire or (commonly) coarsely and sharply three-toothed atsummit, some-

times glabrous, sometimes thinly or copiously sprinkled with thick hairs,

especially along the margins; fl. branches long, one-headed, pilose gland-

scabrid upwards, bearing afew leaf-scales; inv. sc. biseriate, ovato-lanceo-

late, acute, dorsally scabrous, membr. edged; achenes “nearly smooth,

3 winged.” DC.

Var. f.integrifolia ; leaves mostly quite entire, cuneato-lanceolate, acute. (Hb.Sd.)

Has. Cape, L’Agulhas, Drege! Cape, E.G Z.! (Herb. Sond.)

Stems 2-4 inches high, mostly branched. Pubescence very variable in amount,

sometimes nearly absent. Leaves 2-2} in. long, 3-41. wide: in 8. quite entire. Rays

10-12, yellow, 2ce. as long as the inv.

17. T. setifera (DC. 1. c. 457); “rootstock ligneous, branched; stems

subherbaceous, simple, erect, tufted, leafy below, nude above, at length

incurved, one-headed ; lower leaves linear-lanceolate, here and there

few-toothed ; upper linear, quite entire, all acute, at margin and on both

sides rough with thick bristles ; inv. se, linear-lanceolate, acute, rather

longer than the disc, setulose, membr.-edged; rays 12-15, twice as long

as the inv. ; achenes smooth, amply and roundly 3-winged.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Zwarteberg, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

18, T. flexuosa (Harv.); rootstock ligneous; stems scarcely suffruti-

cose, erect, flexuous, striate, branched, sparsely hispid; lower and

medial leaves tapering much at base, oblong or linear, coarsely sinuate-

toothed or subruncinate, glaucous, one-nerved, sparsely hispid, upper

sessile, small, linear or lance-linear, entire or toothed ; pedicels ending

the branches, glandular ; heads cernuous; inv. sc. oblong or linear-ob-

long, obtuse, dorsally scabrous, with a wide, scarious border; achenes

‘smooth-sided, amply 3-winged. Osteospermum scariosum, DC.! 1. c. 464.

430 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Tripteris

Has. Zwart Ruggens, Drege. Graaf Reynet, Ecklon! Sneeuweberg, Dr. Wallich!

Jackal’s Fontein, Burke and Zeyher! Zey.! 1021. Vet. R., Zey./ 1008, Queenstown,

Mr. F. W. Barber, 616, T. Cooper, 1333. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Rootstock simple or branched, the older ligneous, deeply descending. Stems

10-12 in. high, rigid, but scarcely ligneous, sparingly branched ; the branches with

wide axils, spreading. Leaves 2-3 in. long, 2-41. wide, mostly 2-4-toothed on each

side, with rounded interspaces.

19. T. Natalensis (Harv.); rootstock ligneous ; stems suffruticose,

erect, flexuous, branching, angle-striate, sparsely hispid ; lower and

medial leaves tapering to the base, oblongo-lanceolate, margined, sub-

acute or obtuse, entire or subrepand, glabrous or nearly so above,

sprinkled with rough points and thick white bristles beneath ; upper

lvs. stem-clasping, semi-lanceolate, concave, acute, often unidentate at

base; pedicels ending the branches, glandular, cernuous; inv, se. ellip-

tical, acute, dorsally scabrous, widely membr.-edged ; achenes echinate,

with undulate, broad wings.

Has. Natal Country, Miss Owen’ (Herb. D.)

With the habit of 7. flexuosa; but not glaucous, with subentire leaves and rough-

sided achenes. Lower leaves 2-21 in. long, 3-4 1. wide; upper 4-1 in. long, broad-

based, tapering to an acute point. Stem and foliage pale green, harsh to the touch.

Rays about 12, long, 4-lined, yellow.

20. T. glandulosa (Turez.! Bull. Mose. xxiv.ii.p.g3); rootstock lig-

neous, leafy atthecrown ; stems herbaceous, ascending, simple or branched,

laxly leafy, ending in one-headed peduncles, hispid with swollen, white

hairs and glandular ; subradical leaves tapering much at base, subpetio-

late, oblongo-lanceolate or spathulate, aéute, copiously pilose, subentire

or sharply sinuate-toothed ; cauline sessile, linear or lance-linear, entire

or toothed ; inv. se. elliptic-oblong, acute, dorsally scabrous, with wide

membranous borders; achenes rough-sided, amply 3-winged.

Var. 8. dentata; radical and cauline leaves sharply toothed with rounded inter-

spaces.

Hap. Zwarteberg and Riv. Zonderende, Zey.! 3067, pte. B. Langehoogte, Caledon,

Ecklon! Babylon’stoornberg, Zey./ 3067. (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

This must come very near 7. setifera, DC., if it be distinct; it seems to differ by

the broad inv. scales and the muricated fruit. Rad. lvs. 3-4 in. long, 4-6 1. wide.

Stems 10-12 in. high. Part of Zey./ 3067 belongs to 7’. clandestina, Less.

21. T. humilis (Turcz! Bull. Mosew. (1851) p. 211; rootstock peren-

nial, ligneous, leafy at the crown, simple or divided; subradical leaves

many, rosulate, ligulate, narrowed to the base, sessile, obtuse, undulato-

sinuate and repand, with a thickened, pale margin, rigidly coriaceous,

one-nerved, glabrous or sparsely hispid, especially beneath ; stems short,

glandular and pilose, subsimple, laxly leafy, their leaves small, linear,

subentire; heads cernuous; inv. sc, lanceolate, acute, membr. edged,

dorsally scabrous ; achenes on two sides wrinkled, on the third roughly

cross-ridged, amply winged.

Has. Cape, Ecklon, Comp. 52, 114, 10. (Herb. Sd., D. ‘

Se cuisek 3-14 in.; its fretless eer Leaves 2 ee long, 2-3 L. wide.

Stems 3-4 in. high, their leaves 4-3 in.

22. T. tomentosa (Less.! Syn. go); rootstock ligneous, simple oT

Tripteris. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 431

branched, leafy at the crown; leaves subradical (or crowded on a very

short axis), subrosulate, numerous, obovate or obovato-lanceolate, acute

or obtuse, tapering below into along, broad-based, half-clasping petiole,

entire or repand, on each side densely woolly; fl. stems scapelike, one-

headed, glandularly puberulous and viscidulous, nude or sparsely scaly ;

inv. sc. oblongo-lanceolate, scabrous, membranous and piloso-ciliate at

margin ; achenes rough-sided, 3-winged, glandular. DC.l.c.457. Calen-

dula tomentosa, Th. Cap. 702. :

VaR, B. cuspidata ; leaves narrower, more acuminate, less copiously woolly,

Osteospermum cuspidatum, DC.! 1. c. 463.

Has. Cafferkuels River, 7h./ Paarlberg and Breede R., Drege (fide DO.) Klyn-

rivier’sberg and Zwarteberg, Zey./ 3068. 8. Caledon, Ecklon! (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk.)

Branches of the rootstock, 1-2 in. long, closely leafy. Leaves on 1-1} in. petioles,

4-{ in. long, equally wide, their toment closely interwoven, white. Scapes 6-12

inches —e Half-ripe achenes are in Hb, Thunb,—A very distinct species, unlike

any other.

§ 5. Fruticosz. (Sp. 23-27.)

23. T. petiolata (DC.! 1. c. 457); shrubby, erect, scabrous with hard,

raised points ; branches terete, glandular and sub-paniculate at the sum-

mit; leaves oblong, cuneate at base and tapering into a petiole, sharply

and coarsely 2-4 toothed on each side, faintly 3-nerved; the uppermost

sessile, entire, lanceolate ; inv. se. lanceolate, acute, membr.-edged, dor-

sally scabrid, eq. the disc; rays 12-15 thrice as long as the inv., their

tubes very hairy; achenes unknown.

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege’ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Branches 12 in. long or more. Petiole 4 in.; lamina j-1 in. long. Indument

minute and rigid, not at all hairy. Rays orange.

24, T. arborescens (Less. in Linn. 6, p. 96); shrubby, erect, branch-

ing; stems and branches flexuous, pale, terete, minutely gland-scabrid,

becoming glabrous ; “lowest lvs. obovate, tapering much at base, oppo-

site ;” rameal leaves alternate, oblong or lanceolate, sparsely denticulate

or entire, 3-nerved above the narrowed base, on both sides rough with

hard points ; pedicels long, spreading ; heads in fr. cernuous; inv. se.

lanceolate, acute, membr. edged; achenes smooth, amply 3-winged. DC.

l.c.456. Calendula muricata, Th.! Cap. 703. Calendula rigida, Ait.

Kew. 3. 271.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Olifants R., E.G Z./ (Herb. Th., Sd.)

A slender, straggling, half-ligneous shrublet, 2-3 ft. high. Lower leaves I have

not seen. Rameal lys. 1-1} in. long, 3-4 1. wide, as often entire as toothed.

Achenes 5-6 1. long, wing 2 1. wide.

25. T, spinescens (Harv.); shrubby, divaricately branched, the bran-

ches virgate; the upper twigs and old peduncles spinous, glabrous or

scabrous, glaucous ; leaves linear-spathulate, narrowed to the base, thick,

flat. nerveless, mucronate, entire or 3-toothed at the point; fl. branches

divaricate, one-headed; inv. se. lanceolate or oblongo-lanceolate, membr.-

edged; achenes rough-sided, 3-winged, the inner wing narrower. Osteosp.

spinescens, Th.! Cap. 713, non DC. O. tripteroideum, DC. 1. c. 463. O.

tridens, DC, 1. c. 497, ex. pte.

432 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Tripteris.

Var. f. muricata; stem and leaves sprinkled with rough points. Zey/ 1015.

_ Has. Roggeveld, Thunberg/ Silverfontein, Drege! Kamiesberg, #. § Z./ Spring-

bokkeel, Zey./ 1025. Cradock, Zey./ 1016. Fish R., Zey./ 1012, 1020, Albert,

T. Cooper, 663. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

A very pale, rigid, scrubby bush, glabrous in all parts, perhaps “viscid” also?

Leaves 3-3 in. long, 1-2 L. wide. Drege’s “O tridens” partly (Hb. D., Hk.) belongs

to our 7. leptoloba.

26. T. pachypteris (Harv.) ; shrubby, robust, divaricately much

branched, the old twigs and pedune. spinous, glabrous, viscid to the

touch ; leaves linear-spathulate, with slightly recurved edges, thick,

narrowed to the base, mucronulate, some entire, some 3-toothed or

lobed; pedicels ending the twigs, short, glandular ; inv. sc. uniseriate,

oblong, subacute, equalling the disc; rays 10-12, twice as long as the

iny.; achenes rough-sided, amply 3-winged, the wings rigid, thickish,

undulate, at length transversely lacerate. Osteosp. pachypteris, DC. l.

c. 460, ex descr. T. gariepina, Sond.! in Herb.

Has. Sternbergspruit on the Gariep, Drege. Nieuwejaarspruit, £ckl.! Queenstown

District, on limestone flats, Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A robust, much branched, scrubby bush, “ the whole plant very glutinous to the

touch and strongly scented, from 1-2 ft. high.” (M.E.B.) Leaves 4-3 in. long,

1-2 1. wide. Heads ending short, lateral twigs, many-fl. Very near 7’. spinescens

in foliage, but differing in habit and not glaucous. One of the folia of ‘‘O. spunescens

in Hb. Th., marked No. 3, may belong to this; though slightly differing from our

specimens.

27. T. leptoloba (Harv.); shrubby, divaricately branched, the old

twigs spinescent, glabrous, viscid ; leaves semiterete, midribbed below,

thickish, glandular, either 3-lobed or pinnately 5~7-lobed, the lobes

very blunt, exactly linear, as is the rachis; pedicels ending the twigs,

glandular; inv. sc. subuniseriate, oblong, subacute, margined; rays

6-8; achenes smooth-sided, with 3 rather narrow, membr. wings. Ost.

tridens, 8. demissum, Drege! ex pte. (in Hb. Hk., D.)

Has. Sneeuweberg, Drege! Khinosterkop, Beaufort; and Uitvlught, Gr. Reinet,

Zey.! 1014, 1017, 1019, 1313. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

This is much more glutinous and glandular than 7’. spinescens, with exactly linear

leaves and leaf-lobes, all very blunt, and smooth-sided fruit, which I have seen

(perhaps not quite mature) in Hb. Hk. Some of Drege’s distributed specimens of

** O. tridens, B. demissa” belong to this ; others to 7’. spinescens.

Doubtful species.

T. limonifolia (DC. 1. c. 458); “‘stem herbaceous, glabrous, branching;

ascending-erect; radical and lower leaves oval, cuneate at base, tapering

into a petiole, quite entire, 3-nerved; cauline sessile, often obtusely

eared at base, linear-lanceolate, acute; heads corymbose, at length

cernuous, gland-scabrid; inv. sc. linear-acuminate, narrow-edged; rays

about 20, twice as long as the inv.; achenes 3-winged, quite smooth.

DC. tl. ¢.

Has. Near Verleptpraam, Drege. (Unknown to me).

description 9 sie i pl rao with the addition of —

radical and lower leaves, which in that species are unknown. Both were

by Drege in the same neighbourhood.

Osteospermum. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 433

CXXIT. OLIGOCARPUS, Less.

Heads few-flowered, moneecious ; ray-fl. uniseriate, ligulate, female;

disc-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, male. nv. uniseriate. Recept. naked. Achenes

of ray sessile, polymorphous, terete or trigonous, scabrous or nearly

smooth, or transversely ridged and pitted, either wingless, minutely

winged, or obviously 3-winged; either beaked or nearly, or quite beak-

less, the beak sometimes solid, as long as the achene, hornlike; some-

times short, knoblike ; sometimes inflated, hollow and euplike! DC.

Prodr. 6, p. 455.

A small, many-stemmed, hairy and glandular, strong-scented annual. Leaves

alternate. Name from oAvyos, few, and kapmos, fruit. Asa genus it is scarcely

distinct from Tripteris. ‘

0. calendulaceus (Less. Syn. p. 90); DC. 1. c. 455. Also O, tripter-

~ oides, DC. 1. ce. Osteospermum calendulaceum, Linn. f. Suppl. 386. Calen-

dula parviflora, Thunb. Cap. 703.

Has, Cape, Thunberg! Stellenbosch, Uitenhage, Graaf Reynet and Caffirland,

E.§ Z.! Zey.! 3070. Zuureberg, Drege! Bosjesveld, Mundt. Hassaquaskloof, Zey./

3069. (Hb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Root annual, simple, somewhat fibrous. Stems many from the crown, at first

ascending, then diffuse, procumbent or trailing, much branched and widely spreading,

pubescent and glandular, as well as the leaves ; young parts cobwebby. Leaves

alternate, 1-2 inches long, 2-5 lines wide, tapering at base or subpetiolate, oblong

or lanceolate, irregularly few-toothed, repand or subentire; the upper small, sessile,

linear. Pedicels terminal and axillary, one-headed. Heads small, few-flowered.

Inv. sc. lanceolate, acute, variably membr.-edged. Achenes of many forms, on the

same plant or in the same head ; 1, very much pitted and ridged across, obconical,

crowned with an inflated, hollow, cuplike beak ; 2, slightly wrinkled with a similar

beak ; 3, very much cross-ridged and beakless or nearly so; 4, scabrous, but scarcely

wrinkled, with an obsolete beak ; 5, scabrous or smooth, terete or 3-cornered, with

a long, hornlike, solid beak; 6, three-cornered, the angles minutely winged ; 7, cross-

ridged and furrowed, with 3 membranous wings, exactly as in Tripteris/

CXXII. OSTEOSPERMUM, Linn.

Heads many-fl., radiate; ray-ft. ligulate, female; dise-f. tubular,

5-toothed, male, with abortive ovule and style. Jnvol. in few rows, the

scales free (not concrete), ecept. naked, or rarely setigerous. Achenes

of the ray drupaceous or nutlike, thick, very hard, glabrous, beakless,

without pappus. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 459. Also Xerothamnus, DC. l. c.

vol. 5, p. 311.

South African shrubs or half-shrubs, rarely sub-herbaceous. Leaves alternate

(very rarely opposite), either entire, toothed or pinnatifid. Heads yellow. Achenes

oblong or obovate, smooth or rugulose, bluntly or sharply 3-angled, or 3-winged ;

sometimes longitudinally many-nerved. Name from oorcor, bone and oreppa, a seed.

§ 1. Opposit1FoLIa. Stem herbaceous, erect; leaves opposite (the uppermost

sometimes alternate). (Sp. 1.)

Leaves sessile, cuneate at base, ovate, coarsely toothed,

jnembrancus (4 i572 ..27 cs (0) herbaceum.

§ 2. MonmiFera.* Shrubs or suffrutices, glabrous, cobwebby or hispid, but not

glandular or viscidulous ; leaves alternate, mostly coriaceous, with a hard, thickened

crenato-dentate or spinoso-dentate margin. Achenes smooth, more or less drupaceous.

(Sp. 2-6.)

VoL. I, 28

434 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Osteospermum.

Leaves petiolate:

Shrub, much branched and ramulous ; achenes sub-

subglobose, smooth ... (2) moniliferum.

Suffrutex, erect, virgate, panicled ‘at the summit ;

achenes oblong, 3-ridged and furrowed attheapex (3) coriaceum.

Leaves sessile:

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, cuneate at base,

ciliate ... (4) ciliatum,

Lys. linear-lanceolate or subulate, pungent, spinous

toothed .. (5) pungens,

Lys. obovate-oblong, ‘sub-membranaceous, ciliate ;

stem and large branches hispid... ... ... ... (6) laxum,

§ 3. Hmsvra. Shrubs, suffrutices or herbs, = Tae and softly hairy; leaves

alternate, membranous, not thick-edged, entire or sparsely few-toothed. (Sp. 7-9.)

Suffruticose, diffuse; lvs. cuneate, oblong, mucro-

nate, hispid, cottony-white beneath, entire or

toothed; rays 5-6 ... (7) hispidum,

Shrubby, erect; lvs. cuneate- -oblong, "acuminate,

entire, on both sides scabrous and hairy, but

not cottony; rays 12 . (8) hirsutum,

Sub-herbaceous ; lvs. erect, linqueeform, silky, 3-5-

nerved ; pedune. long, glandular; rays about 8 (9) helichrysoides.

§ 4. Viscosa. Shrubs or suffrutices, rarely sub-herbaceous, more or less copiously

viscoso-pubescent and glandular; leaves alternate, mostly toothed or cut, sometimes

entire. (Sp. 10-24.)

Spinescentia; divaricately branched, twigs spinous-tipped :

Achenes bluntly 3-cornered, minutely glandular... (10) spinosum.

Achenes sharply 3-angled, glabrous, smooth ... (11) trigonospermum.

Achenes broadly 3-winged, muricated = wing-

St ig eo ae ss (12) pterospermum.

; unarmed, ‘not spiny:

- ian or suffrutices, with ovate or oblong, broad, toothed or cut leaves:

A rigid shrub, scabrous and harsh to the touch;

lvs. clasping, acute, sinuous-toothed, with

recurved margins, rigid .. . (13) ilicifolium.

Suffrutices, viscidulous, but scarcely scabrous ; lvs. membranous:

Leaves sessile, more or less clasping at base:

Leaves sinuate-toothed, with wide,

rounded, interspaces; rays 8-9... (14) grandidentatum.

Lys. sharply cut or pinnatifid ; rays more than 12:

Inv. sc. biseriate, the outer sc.

longest and broadest... ... (15) sonchifolium.

Inv. se. 3-4 seriate, outer sc.

shortest and narrowest... ... (16) calendulaceum.

Leaves tapering at base into a petiole, toothed or incised:

Iny. sc. elliptical, white-edged,

not longer than dise ....., (17) picridioides.

Inv. sc. lance-acuminate, longer

dise ... (15) sonchifolium, A.

Suffrutices with lanceolate or linear, narrow, ‘email, toothed leaves:

Diffuse, scabrous ; lvs. sguarrose-recurved, broad

based and clasping, sharply 3-6-toothed on

each side; the teeth recurved ... (18) squarrosuml.

Erect, glaucous, hispid, gland-viscid ‘above;

lvs. linear-lanceolate, erecto-patent, sharply :

toothed or inciso-pinnatifid ... (19) muricatum.

Erect, scabrous; lower lvs. linear-spathulate,

beg bluntly few-toothed ae

... (20) asperum.

Osteospermum. } COMPOSITE (Harv.) 435

Erect, scabrous ; lvs. clasping at base, linear-

acuminate, few-toothed, erect; rays 2-ce as

long as inv. + (21) subauritum.

Erect, glabrescent; Ivs. lin.-lanceolate, acum-

inate to each end, 2-3-toothed ; rays 4 times

aslongasinv. .. -.- (22) grandifiorum.

Herbaceous, erect, branching ; lvs. ‘remote, lanceo- —

late, sessile, sub. dentate, Pee 3 achenes

minutely winged... -- (23) plebeium.

Herbaceous, leafy at crown; "stems erect, simple,

one- headed ; lower lvs. oblongo- -lanceolate, petio-

Tate, remotely denticulate, puberulous... ... (24) caulescens.

§ 5. Drverstrorta. Stems herbaceous, rigid, branching, angled and furrowed;

radical and lowest lvs. linear-lanceolate, tapering much at base, few-toothed, cob-

webby beneath; rameal leaves sparse, linear-subulate. (Sp. 25-26.)

Lower lvs. smooth above; achenes withsmooth

angles ... --- (25) bidens.

Lower lvs. scabrous above; - achenes with tuber-

cled angles ... ... ... (26) lavandulaceum.

§ 6. SupuLirotia. Small, branching shrubs or suffrutices, all the leaves linear-

subulate, entire, acute, scabrous, glabrous or ee (Sp. 27-30.)

Rough with "glandular-bristles oes --. (27) glandulosum.

Leaves close-set, keeled, rough with hard points

not glandular... .-+ .. (28) Seabrum.

Leaves close-set, sharply- keeled, smooth, i

not revolute .. -- + (29) triquetrum.

Leaves close-set, with subrevolute ) margins, the

adult reflexed ... . ... (30) subulatum.

§ 7. Porycarina. Small shrubs or suffrutices, with coriaceous, glabrous, quite

entire, margined leaves ; the margin smooth or scabro-ciliolate ; pedicels mostly gland-

hispid or viscid. (Sp. 31-38. )

Leaves broad-based, ovate, oblong, oblongo-lanceolate, strapshaped or linear :

Achenes smooth (neither rigid, furrowed nor sharp-angled) :

Leaves acuminate, lower linguzeform 4-5

in. long, wu lanceolate ; pedic

Wee Se age we +. (31) Burchellii.

Leaves mucronate, linear-oblong orlinear,

not an inch long; branches one-headed (32) polygaloides.

Achenes with 9 blunt ridges, furrowed and

pitted between ... .. «-. (33) imbricatum.

tence subangular, obtuse, ridge-netted across (34) retirugum,

Achenessharply 3-angled, cross-ridged and furrowed betweentheangles:

Lys. ovate, oblong, or obovate, not much

longer than broad... (35) corymbosum.

Lys. linear-lingulate or linear- oblong, the

the lower ones many times longer than

broad, all strongly nerved and margined (36) nervatum,

Leaves lanceolate, tapering at base, subacute; inv.

sc. acuminate... = . (37) lanceolatum.

Leaves (small) lance-linear, acuminate, m mucrons\ :

inv. sc. oblong, sub-obtuse big .. (38) microphyllum,

§ x. Opposrrironia. (Sp. 1.)

1. 0. herbaceum (Linn, f, Suppl. 385); stem herbaceous, erect, terete,

hispidulous; leaves mostly " opposite (the uppermost rameal sometimes

alternate), sessile or subsessile, cuneate attenuate, and either acute or

sub-cordate at base, ovate or rhomboid, from the middle coarsely few-

28*

€ ah,

436 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Osteospermum.

toothed, acute, membranaceous, hispidulous, penninerved and veiny;

pedunc. nude, terminal, one-headed, gland-scabrid ; inv. sc. lanceolate,

acuminate, glabrous; achenes obovate, acute at base, with a blunt dorsal

ridge, smooth. Thunb.! Cap. p. 716. DC. 1. c. 468. O. Zeyheri, Spr.!

in Zey. Pl. No. 214. DC. 1. ¢. 466.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Uitenhage, E. § Z.! Zey./ 3063., Drege! Buffalo R., Dr.

Pappe! Natal, Gueinzius/ 341. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., 8d.)

Tall, slender, with the habit of a Wedelia. Branches often opposite, erecto-patent.

Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1-2 in. wide, thin, the younger slightly cobwebbed beneath.

Heads small.

§ 2. Montuirera. (Sp. 2-6.)

2. 0. moniliferum (Linn. Sp. 1308); shrubby, mostly unarmed,

much-branched, erect or diffuse ; leaves petioled, obovate or obovato-

lanceolate, acute or obtuse, coarsely toothed or subentire, coriaceous,

nerved, the young cobwebbed or cottony, the adult glabrous and glossy;

pedune. corymbose or solitary, scaly, short; inv. glabrous or woolly,

its outer scales narrow, inner varying from ovate to lanceolate; achenes

obovate-globose, drupaceous, glabrous and smooth. 7h./ Cap.715. DC.

Lc. 460. Dill. Eth. t. 68, f. 79. Lam. Ill. t. 714.

Var. a. verum; lvs. obovate, mostly acute; inner inv. sc. lanceolate, oblongo-

lanceolate or oblong, acute. O, moniliferum, DC.!

Var. 8. rotundatum ; lvs. broadly obovate, very obtuse; inv, sc. lanceolate. 0.

rotundatum, DC. 1. c. 461.

Var. . pisiferum ; lvs. mostly glabrous, obovate or lanceolate; inner inv. 8¢-

broadly ovate or oblong. 0. pisiferum, Linn., DC.l.c. O. piliferum, Th.! Cap. 715-

Var. 3. lanosum (DC.) ; apices spinous ; young leaves woolly on both sides. 0.

- spineseens, DC. le. 439, non. Th. Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 377 (good!)

Var. e. angustifolium (DC.) ; diffuse or trailing, more or less cobwebbed ; leaves

lanceolate, cuneate at base, toothed or entire.

Has. Throughout the Colony, frequent near the sea. 8. Natal, Drege, Krauss

Da ey . 383. J. Sanderson, 587. «. Uitenhage, 7.d Z./&c. (Herb. Th.,

., Hk., Sd.

A large bush, 2-4 ft. high, much branched, very variable in the shape of its

leaves and in the cobwebby or woolly hairs that more or less persistently clothe

the young parts. Leaves 14-2} in. long, }-1} in. wide, rarely quite entire, the old

ones almost always glossy. Pedune. 1-2 inches long, axillary and terminal, often

several at the ends of the branches. Rays bright yellow. ‘The ashes contain much

alkali, and are sometimes used in the manufacture of soap; the colonial name 18

Bush-tick Berry, and the berries are eaten by birds and Hottentot children.” 7s.

Barber, 479.—1 find the iny. scales so variable, in specimens from the same locality,

that I cannot employ them to separate O. pisiferum from moniliferum of authors.

A fragment from Drege (Hb. Sd.) marked ‘‘ 0. spinescens” is referable to our var.

5. of which Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 377, quoted by DC., is an excellent figure. O. rotun-

datum, DC. is only a var. with larger, broader and blunter leaves than usual.

3. 0. coriaceum (DC.! 1. c. 461); suffruticose, erect, virgate, cobwebbed

when young, at length glabrous and glossy; leaves petioled, coriaceous,

obovate, obovato-lanceolate or lanceolate, tapering much to the base,

more or less sharply toothed beyond the middle or subentire, the uppet-

most small, narrow, acute, quite entire; pedunc. corymboso-paniculate,

pedicels scaly and at first white-woolly ; outer inv. sc. subulate, woolly,

becoming nude, inner broadly oblong or obovate, acute or cuspidate-

a Pe 2

ys ;

- = he

Pp Bi Ae

Pf fi bn

x Pe e ‘ f

( P o

Osteospermum. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 437

acuminate ; achenes oblong, somewhat indented at base, bluntly 3-

ridged at the apex, more or less furrowed between the ridges. 0. jun-

ceum, Herb. Th. ! fol. 2,3. O.paniculatum, Less. MSS. in Hb. Th.

Var. 8B, latifolium; lvs. broadly obovate or obovate-lanceolate ; achenes 4-5 lines

long. O. macrocarpum, DC. 1. c. 461.

Has. Cape, Thunberg. Swellendam, Eckl.! Sneeuweberg, Drege! Zwarteberg and

near the Waterfall, Tulb., Pappe! R. Zondereinde, Zey. / 3053. Albany, Mrs. F.W.

Se 392. 8, Uitenhage, #ckl.! Van Staaden’s Mts., Zey./ 3052. (Herb. Th.,

D., Hk., Sd.

Stems 3-4 feet high, subsimple, ending in a panicled inflorescence. Leaves 4-5

inches long, 1-2, or in 8, 2} inches wide, soon glabrous, very thick and rigid, with

immersed veins. Invol. at first snow-white, becoming gradually nude. There are

good specimens of this in Herb. Thunb.; he confounded it with his O. junceum. O.

macrocarpum, DC., is a var. with broader Ivs. and somewhat larger fruit than usual.

4, O. ciliatum (Berg. Cap. 332); shrubby, unarmed, diffusely much

branched, often trailing, the young parts cobwebbed, older glabrous;

branches angular, the angle scabrous or smooth ; leaves sessile, half-

clasping, commonly cuneate at base, lanceolate or oblongo-lanceolate,

coriaceous, with a cartilaginous, crenato-dentate margin, rigidly ciliate ;

heads small, ending the subpanicled twigs ; inv. sc. lanceolate, acumi-

nate; achenes cylindrical, nearly smooth. Th./ Cap.715. DC.1. c. 465.

O. triquetrum, DC.? 1. c. (non Lann. f.) *

Var. 8, oblongifolia; leaves oblong, broad and subcordate at base. Sieb. Fl. 251.

(Herb. D.)

Has. Common on road-sides and waste ground near Capetown, C. Wright, 339.

Genadendahl, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Sd. Hk.)

Stems 3-4 feet long, paniculately much branched. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 4 lines

to } inch wide, opaque. 8. is scarcely distinguishable from var. 8. of O. laxum,

but has glossy, and thicker leaves.

5. 0. pungens (Harv.); suffruticose, diffuse or decumbent, unarmed,

the young parts cobwebbed, older glabrous; branches angular; leaves

linear-lanceolate and linear-subulate, pungent-mucronate, coriaceous,

spinous-toothed (and sometimes ciliolate), nerve-keeled beneath, the

margins recurved or revolute ; pedicels short, scaly, 1-headed ; inv. sc.

ovato-lanceolate, much acuminate; achenes? O. triguetrum, DC.? 1. c.

465 (non Linn.)

Has. Caledon, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. D.)

Rootstock and lower part of stems distinctly ligneous. Leaves about 1 inch long,

4-1 line wide, more frequently subulate than lin.-lanceolate, close-set, at length

glossy and dark-green. Notwithstanding its distinct-looking foliage, this may be

merely an extreme form of 0. ciliatum. Dr. Pappe’s specimens, here described, are

evidently young, but just coming into flower. I venture to refer DC.’s O. triquetrum,

founded on Ecklon’s specimens from the Devil’s Mt., to this place ; judging by de-

scription.

6, 0. laxum (DC.! |: c. 465); suffruticose, unarmed, diffusely much-

branched, the young parts cobwebbed, older glabrous; branches angular,

sparsely hispid, the panicled twigs mostly glabrous; leaves sessile, half-

clasping, obovate-oblong, acute, sub-membranaceous witha cartilaginous,

crenato-dentate margin, ciliate; heads small, ending the twigs; inv. sc.

lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous; achenes cylindrical, obtuse, smooth,

furrowed at base.

438 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Osteospermum.

Var. f. auriculatum (DC.); leaves obovate, sub-cordate-clasping at base, rigid,

hispid, cartilangineo-serrulate. (Herb. D., Hk.)

Has. Drakenstein, Drege/ both varieties. (Herb. D., Hk., 8.)

With thinner, less cuneate, more hispid, less polished leaves than O. eciliatum,

with which however var. 8. nearly unites it. I retain it with much hesitation.

§ 3. Hrrsuta. (Sp. 7-9.)

7. 0. hispidum (Harv.) ; suffruticose, unarmed, diffusely branched,

all parts densely hispid with short spreading hairs, the under-sides of

the leaves and the involucres cobweb-cottony ; branches terete, twigs

obsoletely angular; leaves sessile, cuneate at base, obovate-oblong, mu-

cronate-acuminate, membranous, on both sides hispid, thin-edged, quite

entire or irregularly 2—-3-toothed; heads on short, hispid pedicels, few-

fl.; rays 5-6; inv. sc. lanceolate, acuminate; achenes?

Has. Caledon Baths, Eeklon! Zey.! 3011. Pappe! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Allied to 0. laxum, O. hirsutum, and OQ. ciliatum, but can scarcely be united to

any of them ; it is much the most hispid ; it wants the cartilaginous and dentate-

ciliate leaf edge of laxwm and ciliatum, and has much smaller heads than Q. Airsu-

tum, with a rougher pubescence. Leaves 1-14 in. long, $—} in. wide.

8. 0. hirsutum (Thunb.! Cap. 715); stem shrubby, terete, densely

and softly hairy on the young parts; leaves sessile, cuneate at base,

oblong, acuminate-mucronate, sub-opaque, entire, on both sides scabrous

and hairy, the older becoming sub-glabrate ; heads on terminal and la-

tural, short, hairy pedicels, many-fl.; inv. sc. lanceolate, subacute,

densely hairy, numerous, pluriseriate; rays about 12; achenes?

Has. Cape Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Old branches nude, cicatriced. Leaves 14-2 in. long, 3-1 in. wide. Pedicels 2 in.

long. Inner inv. sc. 12 or more. The pubescence is -villous, not in the least

woolly or cobwebby.

9. 0. helichrysoides (DC. 1. c. 466) ; “ subherbaceous, erect, simple,

corymbose at the summit, stem and leaves clothed with copious, long,

silky hairs ; leaves sessile, erect, imbricate, lingueform, quite entire,

delicately 3-5-nerved, mucronate, at length glabrate; pedune. long,

gland-hispid ; inv. sc. oval-lanceolate, acute ; rays about 8; achenes

subterete, transversely ridge-furrowed, 2-3-angled, the angles small,

with very narrow wings.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Omsameulo and Natal, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

“14-2 ft. high ; lower leaves 4 in. long, 8-10 1. wide.” DC.

§ 4. Viscosa. (Sp. 10-24.)

10, 0. spinosum (Linn. Sp. 1308; non Jacq.) ; shrubby, all parts

viscoso-pubescent ; branches and twigs divaricate, ending in hard spines;

leaves linear-lanceolate, either entire or coarsely toothed, or pinnatifid,

flat, nerveless or faintly one-nerved ; fl. branches short, divaricate, one

headed ; inv. sc. acuminate, membr. edged; rays about 8; disc-fl.

hairy; achenes bluntly 3-cornered, minutely glandular. Zh./ Cap. 713-

DC.! l. c. 459. O. spinescens, Willd.

Has. Round Capetown and in the Western Districts, common. Hassaquay’s K1.,

Zey.! 3064. (Herb. Th. D., Hk., Sd.)

Osteospermum. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 439

A strongly and disagreeably scented, thorny bush, much and intricately branched.

Leaves }-14 in. long, 1-2 1. wide, very variable ; the teeth or lobes, when present,

spreading, mucronate. Pedunc. $-1} in. long. Fully ripe achenes with convex,

unwrinkled sides.

11, 0. trigonospermum (DC.! 1. c. 460); suffruticose, erect, all parts

viscoso-pubescent ; the upper branches and twigs occasionally spinous;

leaves from broadish, half-clasping, toothed bases, subulate, sharply

inciso-pinnatifid, one-nerved, the lobes 2-3 on each side, acuminate;

inv. sc. dorsally glandular, oval, acuminate, membr. edged; rays 9-10;

achenes glabrous, smooth, 3-angled,

Has, Olifant’s R. and Zeederberg, Drege! Clanw., E.& Z.! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Less robust and rigid than 0. spinosum, with broad-based, more sharply incised

leaves, and a more rigid, less close pubescence; broader inv. scales and more angular

fruit.

12. 0. pterospermum (E. Mey!); shrubby, divaricately much-branch-

ed, spiniferous, more or less viscoso-pubescent and scabrous ; leayes

narrow, either subentire, sharply toothed, or inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes

on each side 2-6, long or short, or obsolete, acute ; inv. se. dorsally

gland-scabrid, lanceolate, acute ; achenes dimorphous, some smoothish

and broadly 3-winged, some (in the same head !) wingless, muricated.

DC. l. c. 460.

Var. 8. spinosissimum; much more spiny than usual; leaves mostly minute,

subulate entire. O. pterospermum, litt. c., Drege! (Hb. Hk., Sd., D.)

Has. Stellenbosch and the Paarl, Drege! Worcester and Tulbagh, Ecklon! B.

Simonsbay, Stell., Drege! Hex River, Burke! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very like 0. spinosum, but with different achenes. I find two kinds of achenes

(as above described) on Ecklon’s specimens (Hb. Sd.) Our var. 8. in its extreme state

looks different, being nearly leafless and very thorny, with very short and small iny.

scales; but Zeyher’s 1010, also from Hex Riv., is intermediate with the common form.

13. 0. ilicifolium (Linn, Sp. 1308); shrubby, robust, unarmed,

much-branched, in all parts scabrous, glandular and viscidulous; leaves

half-clasping, crowded, spreading, broadly ovate or oblong, acute, mid-

ribbed, faintly 3-nerved at base, sinuous-dentate, with recurved margins ;

pedicels lateral and terminal, short, very scabrid ; inv. se. lanceolate,

acuminate, longer than the dise ; achenes subreniform, concave, with

a large areole on the inner face, dorsally rounded, longitudinally many-

ridged, the lateral ridges cross-wrinkled. TZh./ Cap. 716. DC. 1. ¢.

465. Burm. Afr. t. 62.

Var. f. effusum; stems trailing, slender, widely spreading. (Herb. Sd.)

Has. Common about Table Mountain. §. Zwarteberg, Z. & Z./ Zey.! 3062.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

2-3 ft. high, bushy, very rough to the touch, clammy and strong-scented. Leaves

1-1} in. long, 4-3 in. wide.

14, 0. grandidentatum (DC.! 1. c. 465); herbaceous or suffruticose,

diffusely branched, leafy, thinly gland-pubescent, subviscidulous ; leaves

sessile, cuneate and half-clasping at base, oblong, obtuse, sinuate-toothed,

the teeth callous, with rounded interspaces, margins minutely reflexed ;

pedicels terminal and axillary, exceeding the leaves, slender, one-headed ;

440 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [Osteospermum.

iny. se. biseriate, lanceolate, acuminate, membr.-edged, longer than dise,

dorsally scabrous , rays 8—g ; young achenes 3-angled.

Var. 8. hispidum; all parts rather coarsely hispid. O. Natalense, Sch. B. in Pl.

Krauss! 391.

Has. Katberg, Drege! Ceded Territory, Ecklon! Howison’s Poort, H. Hutton!

Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton! P. McOwan. 277. 8. Natal, Krauss, 391. y. Nonoti

R., W. T. Gerrard? (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 2-3 ft. long or more, supporting themselves among bushes. Leaves 2-2}

in. long, 1-} in. wide, the teeth very shallow, distant, with rounded interspaces.

Pedunc. 2-3 in. long. Rays bright yellow above, coppery-red beneath. Ripe

achenes not seen ; when half grown they are sharply 3-angled and smoothish.

15. 0.% sonchifolium (DC.! L c. 465); herbaceous or suffruticose,

branching, leafy, all parts glandular-pubescent, viscidulous ; leaves ses-

sile, ear clasping at base, membranous, netted-veined, inciso-pinnatifid ;

the lobes short, sharply few-toothed, all the teeth taper-pointed ; inv.

se. biseriate, lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the dise, the outer scales

longest and broadest ; rays 15-20; achenes ?

Var. f. subpetiolatum; leaves cuneate or tapering at base into an imperfect,

amplexicaul petiole, either coarsely and sharply toothed, or inciso-pinnatifid as above.

Has. Betw. Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege! f. Kreili’s Country, H. Bowker,

337. Keiskamma Hoek, 7. Cooper! 227. (Herb. D., Hk.)

At length much-branched and somewhat lignescent, the branches well covered

with broad leaves. Leaves always stem-clasping, but variable in form and degree

of incision ; in a. oblong, deeply cut, in 8. more or less, sometimes very much,

attenuated at base. Flowers according to Mr. Cooper ‘“ purple-blueish.”

16. 0. calendulaceum (Harv. non L. f.); herbaceous or suffruticose,

branching, all parts glandular-pubescent, viscidulous ; leaves sessile,

cuneate at base, oblong, coarsely and sharply toothed or inciso-pinnati-

fid, the teeth taperpointed ; pedunc. terminal and axillary, one-headed;

inv. scales imbricated in 3-4 rows, lance-oblong, acute, equalling the

disc, the outer scales shortest and narrowest ; rays numerous; achenes

rather sharply 3-angled, minutely wrinkled across.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius/ (Herb. Sond.)

Very like O. sonchifolium in general aspect, but with a very different involucre.

17. 0. picridioides (DC. 1. c. 465); “suffruticose, erect, sparingly

branched, glabrescent ; leaves much attenuated into a cuneate petiole,

somewhat ovate in the limb, coarsely toothed, the teeth callous and

acutely mucronate; pedunc. 6-8 inches long, nude, 1-headed; invol. se-

elliptical, scarcely shorter than the disc, white-membraned at the edge;

rays twice as long as the inv.; achenes unknown.” DC. l. ¢.

Has. Karroo, Drege. (Said to resemble 0. grandidentatum.)

18. 0. squarrosum (Harv.); suffruticose, scabro-pubescent, glandular,

viscidulous ; stem diffusely much branched and ramulous, subdichoto-

‘mous; leaves stem-clasping, broad-based, squarrose or recurved, linear-

acuminate, on each side 3—6-toothed, the teeth deltoid, recwraed, taper-

pointed, very scabrid ; heads ending short twigs, few-fl.; invol. scales

ovate, acute, margined, dorsally scabrid ; rays about 6; achenes oblong,

bluntly 3-sided, deeply pitted and ridged longitudinally on the facets.

Osteospermum. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 441

Has. Ravine, under the Sneeuweberg, Dr. Wallich/ (Herb. D.)

Root ligneous. Stems 2 feet or more long, spreading widely, rigid, harsh to the

touch, much and intricately branched. Leaves 3—-} inch long, 1-2 lines wide, all

remarkably recurvo-patent ; their teeth runcinate. Achenes 2-3 in each head.

This seems a very distinct species.

19. 0. muricatum (E. M. !); stems suffruticose, erect, much branched,

glaucous, striate, glabrous or hispid below, glandular and viscidulous

above ; leaves sessile, linear or linear-lanceolate, sharply and deeply

toothed, glabrous or hispid-scabrous, acute; branches t-headed; invol.

scales acuminate ; achenes obovoid, trigonous, acute at base, the inner

angle keel-shaped, the two outer cross-furrowed and tubercled.

Var. a. asperum; stem and leaves copiously hispid-scabrous. Zey./ 1005.

Var. 8. glabratum; stem and leaves glabrous or nearly so. Zey./ 1004.

Has. Camdebo, Drege! Cape, 7.4 Z./ Vaal R. and Rhinoster Kop, Burke ¢

Zeyher! Zululand, Miss Owen/ Mova R., Gerr. & M’K.1061. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 6-12 inches high, very pale, as well as the foliage. Leaves 4-14 inch long,

2-3 lines wide, narrowed to the base, 4-8-toothed on each side. Achenes 10-12 in

each head, their tubercles and furrows more or less strongly marked. Pubescence

very rigid, variable in amount, sometimes very copious.

20, 0. asperum (Less.! Syn. 89); suffruticose at base, scabro-pubes-

cent, subglandular and viscidulous; stem erect, leafy, corymbose at

summit, terete; leaves sessile (but not ear-clasping at base), the lower-

most linear-spathulate, obtuse, coarsely and bluntly few-toothed beyond

the middle, the uppermost linear-subulate, acute, quite entire; branches

nude at the apex, 1-headed; inv. se. lanceolate, acuminate, margined,

dorsally scabrid; achenes? DC. 1. c. 468. Calendula aspera, Th.!

Cap. 703.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Th.)

Described from Thunberg’s specimen, from which the achenes have disappeared ;

possibly they may afford an additional character between this sp. and O. subawritum,

which it much resembles. Lower leaves 4-3 inch long, 1-14 line wide ; upper 4

line wide.

21. O subauritum (DC.! 1. c. 464); half-herbaceous, scabrous, glan-

dular-pubescent and subviscid ; stem erect, leafy, corymbose at the

summit, striate, subterete ; leaves sessile, linear-acuminate, sparingly

toothed, scaberulous, the uppermost especially clasping, and somewhat

eared at base; branches nude at the apex, 1-headed ; inv. scales ovate,

acute, margined, dorsally scabrid ; rays twice as long as the involucre;

achenes acute at base, bluntly 3-angled, thickly scaberulous above and

on the dorsal facets. ;

Pies Paarl and Drakenstein, Drege/ Brakfontein, Clanw., E.§ Z./ (Herb.

oy Dy SAK.

1-1} foot dich, scarcely lignescent. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, 2-3-

toothed at each side. Achenes seen on Ecklon’s specimens, Herb. Sond. This has

closely the habit of O. asperum, but differs in foliage.

22, 0. grandiflorum (DC. 1. c. 464); “shrubby, erect, glabrescent,

sparingly corymbose at the apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, at each end

acuminate, on each side with 2-3 recurved teeth, the uppermost linear-

subulate, entire; twigs 1-headed; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate,

442 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Osteospermum.

membr.-edged, equalling the disc ; rays 10-12, at least 4 times as long

as the involucre.” DC.1.¢. [Achenes unknown. |

Has. Zeederberg, Drege. (Said to be allied to O. subawritum.)

23. 0. plebeium (DC. 1. c. 464) ; “stem herbaceous, erect, branching,

slender; leaves remote, sessile, lanceolate, here and there somewhat

toothed, sparingly and remotely, as well as the stem, puberulous ;

pedicels terminal, solitary, nodding, with the invol. gland-pubescent ;

achenes obovate, obtuse, rather smooth, gibbous dorsally at base, and

minutely winged on the angles,” DC. J. ¢.

Has. Cape, Drege. Namaqualand, Ecklon.

24. 0. caulescens (Harv.); herbaceous, minutely glandular-pubescent,

leafy at the crown; stems several, erect, subsimple, angular, laxly

leafy, one-headed ; radical and lower leaves tapering at base into a

petiole, oblongo-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, remotely denticulate, cauline

sessile, half-clasping, linear, entire or denticulate ; inv. sc. acuminate,

viscoso-puberulous ; achenes obovoid, obscurely 6-angled, thickly sca-

berulous and subglandular, especially on the dorsal facets.

Has. Rhinoster River, Betchuana Land, Zeyher! 1009. (Herb. Hk. Sd.)

Rootstock perennial. Radical leaves 2}-3 in. long, including the petiole, mid-

ribbed, 3-4 1. wide ; cauline 1-1} in. long, 1-2 1. wide. All parts minutely glan-

dular. Stems 6-10 inches long, simple, or branched at base. Habit nearly that of

Dimorphotheca caulescens.

§ 5. Diverstrotia. (Sp. 25-26.)

25. 0. bidens (Thunb.! Cap. 714); stem herbaceous, angled and

furrowed, much branched ; leaves dimorphous, the lowest lanceolate,

tapering at base, 2-3-toothed at each side, coriaceous, with revolute

margins, smooth, loosely cobweb-cottony, at length glabrate ; upper

and rameal leaves very sparse, linear and subulate, erect, entire, gla-

brous or cottony; heads terminal, solitary, on scabrous twigs; inv. s¢.

oblong, ‘subacute, dorsally hispid or scabrous; achenes ovate-oblong,

tapering, smooth, 3-tipped. 0. ephedroides, DC.! 1. c. 463. Senecio stria-

tus, Th.! Cap. 678.

Has. Bockland, Thunberg! Bushman’s Land, E. § Z./ (Herb, Th., Sd.)

1-1} ft. high. Lower leaves crowded near the base of the stem, 2-24 in. long,

3-4 l. wide, tapering almost into a petiole; upper 1. 4-1 in. long, 41. wide. Apices

of the branches and twigs scabrous,

26. 0. lavandulaceum (DC.! 1. c. 466); stem herbaceous, angled and

furrowed, much-branched, cobweb-woolly and leafy at base, glabrous

and nearly nude above; lower leaves linear-lanceolate and linear, tapet-

ing at base, entire or distantly 2~3-toothed, with revolute margins, 77y

scabrous on the glabrate and upper side, cobweb-cottony beneath; uppeT

and rameal leaves very sparse, small or scalelike, subulate, entire; pedi-

cels gland-scabrid ; inv. sc. lanceolate, acute, membr. edged, dorsally

scabrous; achenes (fide DC.) “3-angled, tubercled along the angles,

3-tipped.”

Has. Giftberg, and betw. Ezelsbank and Dwars Riv., Drege! (Hb. D., 84., Hk-)

Osteospermum. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 443

Very similar in habit and foliage to O. bidens, but differing in the scabrid upper

surfaces of the leaves, and the tubercled achenes.

§ 6. Suputirotia. (Sp. 27-30.)

27. 0. glandulosum (DC. 1. c. 463) ; “suffruticose, erect, branching,

scabrous with spreading, short, glandular bristles ; branches filiform,

leafy, one-headed ; lower leaves? ; rameal lvs. sessile, linear-subulate,

quite entire ; inv. sc. oblong-lanceolate, acute, membr. edged, dorsally

subscabrid, equalling the dise ; rays 10.” DC. 1. e.

Has. Wapperthal, Zederberg, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

28. 0. scabrum (Thunb.! Cap. 714); shrubby, corymbosely branched,

rigid ; leaves close-set, erecto-patent, sessile, linear-subulate, mucronate,

keeled, more or less thickly sprinkled with bristles and hard points,

the younger ciliate; pedunc. terminal, one-headed, glandularly scaberu-

lous; inv. sc. lanceolate, acuminate, margined, dorsally scabrous ; rays

10-12 ; achenes bluntly 3-angled, oblique, slightly incurved, with a

convex, longitudinally ribbed dorsal region, and a smooth, keeled inner

face, the terminal areole bent inwards. Xerothamnus Ecklonianus, DC.

Prodr. 5, p. 311.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Amsterdam flat and by the Zwartkops Riv., Uit., Z. & Z.!

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A small, erect shrub, 1 foot or more high, the young twigs scabrous. Leaves 3-1

in. long, 4-3 1. wide, rigid, sometimes very thickly, sometimes thinly covered with

hard, sharp points. Pedunc. 2-3 in. long. Rays yellow. Anthers sagittate at

base, exactly as in other species. Disc cor. deeply 5-fid, scabrous on the tube, its

style simple, truncate, pencilled at the apex only.

29. 0. triquetrum (Linn. f. Suppl. 385); suffruticose, suberect or

diffuse, branching, glabrous; branches slender, leafy to the summit;

leaves close-set, sessile, linear-subulate, acute, smooth, sharply keeled,

the keel decurrent as a ridge on the twig, the margins flattish or in-

curved; pedune, about as long as leaves, one-headed, lateral and ter-

minal; inv. sc. lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the disc ; achenes

cylindrical, quite smooth,

Var. 8. aciphyllum; margin and keel of leaves serrulato-ciliolate. O. aciphyllum,

DC. l. c. 463. (Herb. Sd.)

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Zwarteberg near Caledon’s Baths, Zey./ 3061. 8B. at

Piquetberg, Drege. (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk.)

The young plant suberect ; the older diffuse or trailing. Leaves 3-1-2} inches

long, about a line wide, rigid, subdecurrent at the edges, and conspicuously so from

the keel. Pedunc. 1-2 in. long. Heads few-fi. Zeyher’s specimens have shorter

leaves than Thunberg’s, but in other respects quite agree. The description in DC.

1. c. of “* O. aciphyllum” well accords with this species ; but a frustule, in Hb. Sd.,

differs as above indicated. 0. triquetrum, DC., p. 465, is probably our 0. pungens,

30. 0. subulatum (DC. 1. c. 463); “shrubby, erect ; leaves very

crowded, sessile, quite entire, linear, subulate-mucronate, with subrevo-

lute margins, the younger erect, loosely cobwebbed, adult glabrous, re-

flexed ; pedicels villous, one-headed, rather longer than the leaves; iny.

sc. linear, acuminate, twice as long as the disc, dorsally hispid ; rays

12-13, longer than inv. ; achenes unknown.” DC. J. c.

Has. Betw. Cape L’Agulhas and Potberg, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

444 COMPOSITZ (Hary.) [ Osteospermum.

§ 7. Potyeatina. (Sp. 31-328.)

$1. 0. Burchellii (DC.! 1. c. 461); stem robust, suffruticose, erect,

virgate, leafy, branched at the summit, glabrous below or woolly in the

axils ; leaves sessile, coriaceous, glabrous, acuminate, entire, smooth-

edged or ciliolate, the lowest linguzform, cauline lanceolate, erect, im-

bricating, rameal smaller ; branches leafy, corymbose, each ending in

several racemoso-corymbose, simple or branched, glandular-scabrid,

elongate pedicels; iny. sc. 7~8, dorsally glandular, ovato-lanceolate,

acute; achenes ellipsoidal, smooth, obsoletely furrowed at base.

Has. Anteniqualand, Burchell. Near George, Drege! Swellendam, #. ¢ Z./

Voormansbosch, Zeyh./ 3056. (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high, with the aspect of 0. coriaceum, but in character nearer 0.

corymbosum, Lower leaves 4-5 inches long, 1 inch wide, upper gradually smaller,

1-14 in. long, 4 in. wide. Corymb finally widely spreading, very glandular.

$2. 0. polygaloides (Linn. Mant. 480); stem shrubby, erect, forked

or flexuous, branching, glabrous or woolly in the axils ; leaves sessile,

linear-oblong or linear, glabrous, mucronate, more or less distinctly

nerved, subimbricate, smooth or scabrous at margin ; fl. branches ter-

minal, 1-headed, gland-scabrid; inv. scales dorsally scabrous ; achenes

(fide DC.) “ obovate, very obtusely 6-angled, smooth.” Zh. ! Cap. 714-

DC. t. ¢. 462.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Western Districts, Z. § Z./ Drege! Caledon, Pappe!

near Capetown, W.H.H. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

T have not seen fruit on this; the character by which chiefly it is known from 0.

imbricatum, vax. y.

33. 0. imbricatum (Linn. Mant. 290); stem shrubby, dichotomous

or flexuous, erect, imbricated with leaves, glabrous, or the axils woolly;

leaves sessile, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, obscurely nerved, coriace-

ous, scabro-ciliolate or smooth-edged, mostly with a recurved point;

fi. branches terminal, 1-headed, gland-scabrid; invol. sc. dorsally glan-

dular, oblongo-lanceolate ; achenes oblong, with 9 thick, blunt ridges,

furrowed and pitted between. Zh./ Cap. 715. DC. 1. ¢. 462.

- if LA ot leaves 1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide, varying from Sag

Var. y. angustifolium ; leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, 3-1 inch long, 2 lines

wide. O. foveolatum, DC.! lL. c.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ About Table Mt., F. § Z./ Caledon, Eckl.; Hartebeest

R., Cal., Zey.! 1006. 8. Worcester and Caledon, Ecklon / near Wynberg, W.H.H.

y, Zwell. and Hott. Holl., Drege! (Herb., Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Known from 0. corymbosum and O. polygaloides by its achenes ; 0. foveolatum,

DC., differs merely by its narrower and longer leaves from the normal form, but the

leaves are too variable in all of this section to be depended upon.

34. 0, retirugum (DC. 1. c. 462); “shrubby, erect, divaricately

branched, glabrous, the axils here and there woolly ; leaves sessile,

erect, oblong, mucronate, subrecurved, nerveless, the margin in the

younger scabrous; pedicels solitary, 1-headed, long, glabrescent; invol.

sc. lanceolate, acuminate ; achenes obovate, subangular, obtuse, trans

versely ridge-netted.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Cape, Drege, (Unknown to me.)

Osteospermum. | COMPOSIT# ( Harv.) 445

35. 0. corymbosum (Linn. Mant. 290); stem suffruticose, erect, sim-

ple or branched, leafy, glabrous or woolly-tomentose; leaves sessile,

coriaceous, glabrous, nerved, ovate, oblong, or obovate, acute or mucro-

nate, entire, either smooth or scabro-ciliolate at edge; fl.-branches more

or less corymbose, long or short, one-headed, gland-scabrid ; inv. sc.

mostly dorsally glandular, rarely smooth; achenes oblong, sharply 3-an-

gled or with 3 very narrow wings, the interspaces transversely ridged

and furrowed. Zhunb.! Cap. 715. DOC./ 1. c. 461.

Var. 8. rotundifolium (DC.); leaves crowded, broadly ovate, 14 in. long, 1 in.

wide; stem smooth. O.corymbosum, Th./ Herb. O.dichotomum, E.Mey! DC.1.c. 462.

Var. y. parvifolium ; lvs. crowded, ovate or oblong, 3} in. long, 4-5 1. wide; stem

smooth. Zey.! 3059.

Var. 5. lasiocaulon (DC.); leaves sparse, obovate or oblong; stem clothed with

deciduous, white wool. Zey./ 3058, 7. Cooper! 1504.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ E.G Z.! Drege! B. Hott. Holl., Zey./ 3057. Bd y., Uiten-

hage, £.g Z.! (Herb. Th., D., Hk. Sd.)

Very variable in habit and in the size and form of the leaves. Var. y, which

has achenes similar to the others, is in foliage very near O. imbricatum.

36. 0. nervatum (DC.! 1. c. 462); rootstock ligneous, woolly at the

crown; stem suffruticose, erect or ascending, decrescently leafy upwards,

branched at the summit; lower and subradical leaves lineari-lingulate,

narrowed toward the base, upper sessile, oblong-linear, all conspicuously

mid-nerved and margined, glabrous, coriaceous, mucronate ; fl.-branches

laxly panicled or sub-corymbose, gland-scabrid; inv. se. oblong, nearly

smooth; achenes sharply 3-angled, between the angles ridged and fur-

rowed.

Has. Albany, Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege! Cape, Ecklon! Brit. Caffraria,

T. Cooper, 175. Umazinto, Natal, M. J. M‘Ken.! Gerr. & M‘K.! 322. (Herb. D.,

Hk., Sd.)

Lowest leaves 5-6 in. long, 3-4 1. wide; upper 14-2 in. long; uppermost }-1 in. ;

all somewhat glaucous, with a very pale or whitish nerve and smooth margin.

37. O. lanceolatum (DC. 1. c. 463); “ suffruticose, erect, corymbose

at the apex, the young parts clothed with lax, cobwebby hairs, the

older nude; leaves lanceolate, tapering at base, sessile, subacute, quite

entire, one-nerved; branches terete, one-headed, nearly nude at the

apex; inv. sc. linear lanceolate, acuminate, immarginate, equalling the

disc. DC.4c.

Has. Natal, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

38. 0.? microphyllum (DC.! 1. c. 463); very dwarf, robust, shrubby,

ramulous, glabrous, the old twigs subspinescent, axils somewhat woolly;

leaves rigid, lance-linear, acuminate, mucronate, flat, 1-nerved, quite

entire (or ciliolate), thick-edged; ped. scarcely longer than the leaves,

glabrous; inv. se. oblong, membr.-edged, subobtuse; achenes unknown.

Has. On the Karroo, Ecklon / Zwartbulletje, Drege. (Herb. Sond., D.)

Stem thick and woody, with rough bark, 3-4 inches high, irregularly divited

and twiggy. Leaves oes lines long, 3-3 1. wide, pale. Mature fl. heads not seen.

Doubtful and imperfectly known species.

0.? thymeleoides (DC.1.c. 462); “shrubby, erect, branched; branches

446 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [ Xenismia.

subterete, the younger angular ; leaves sessile, erect, oblong-linear, ta-

pering at base, mucronate, quite entire, 1-nerved, on each side (as well

as the branches) silky with short, close-pressed hairs ; branches nude

at the apex, r-headed; invol. sc. linear-lanceolate, acute ; /1. and fruit

unknown.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Nieuweveldsbergen, near Beaufort, Drege. (Herb. Sd.)

0. subcanescens (DC. 1. c. 464); “suffruticose, erect, branched ; twigs,

pedicels, and involucres, cobweb-woolly ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at

base, subpetiolate, acute, here and there subdentate or entire, 1-nerved,

glabrous; heads at the ends of the branches solitary, subcernuous; inv.

scales ovate, membr.-edged; achenes obovate-oblong, smooth, scarcely

angular at base.” DC. l. c

Has. Karroo, Drege,

Q. scabridum (DC. 1. c. 466); “suffruticose, unarmed, ascending ;

branches angular below, glabrous, leafy, produced into long, nude, 1-

headed, subscabrid peduncles; leaves sessile, linear, here and there

sharply toothed, glabrous ; invol. scales acuminate, dorsally scabrous,

membr.-edged, subdenticulate ; achenes?” DO. l.c. (excl. syn. Th.)

Has. Genadendahl, Ecklon. (Unknown to me.)

(Species removed to other Genera.)

0. connatum, DC. Tripteris amplexicaulis.

O. cuspidatum, DC. Tripteris tomentosa.

QO. fallax, Spr. Gamolepis munita.

0. eines! Less. i glabrata.

0 rophyllum, DC. Gamolepis brachypoda.

0. incanum, Th.

O. leiocarpum, DC,

0. pachypteris

O. pinnatipartitum

0. scariosum, DC.

0. tenuilobum, ex pie.

0. tripteroideum, DC.

QO. tridens, DC. ex pte.

0. tridens, DC. ex pte.

Tripteris incana.

Gamolepedis sp. ?

Tripteris pachypteris.

Gamolepedis, sp. ?

Tripteris flexuosa.

Gamolepis trifurcata.

Euryops punctatus.

Tripteris spinescens.

Tripteris leptoloba.

HUN eee

CXXIV.? XENISMIA, DC.

“ Heads moncecious ; ray-fl. 5-7, female, ligulate ; disc-fl. 10-12,

tubular, 5-toothed, male. Jnvol. scales oblong, in a single row. Lecept.

without palex. Rays obtuse, ciliate at base. Anth.... Style»--

Achenes of disc none; of ray thick, glabrous, without pappus, every

where bristled with thick, rigid thorns. Seed thickish, oblong, tapet-

ing at base.” DC. Prodr. 5, p. 509.

A somewhat downy, annual, many-s herbaceous t. Root slender.

Leaves alternate, he! semis Pe re Pca t the point, ee at base. Heads

small, solitary at the ends of the branches, pedicellate. Name, from gevpos, *

Xenismia. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 447

foreigner or outlier, because this plant is the only plant of the group Milleriee, in

which DC. arranges it, which is found in Africa, the rest being American,

1. X. acanthosperma (DC. 1. c.)

Has. Kaus mountains, near Goedemanskraal, Rustbank, and Kookfontein, 3000-

4000 f., Drege.

We are unacquainted with this plant. By the — it seems allied either

to Dimorphotheca or to Oligocarpus. a

Tribe 5. CYNAREAL. Flower-heads either homogamous, or heterogamous, the

ray-fl. in 1 or more rows, female or neuter; sometimes dicecious. Jnvolucre commonly

of dry and rigid, or of prickly-toothed scales. Recept. often honeycombed, and fim-

brilliferous. Style suddenly thickened toward the apex, and often hispid at the

thickening ; its branches convex, either partially cohering or separate, minutely

downy on the outer surface, or glabrous. Habit various. (Gen. 125-146.)

Sub-tribe 1. AroToTipEZ. Heads commonly radiate, rarely homogamous and

discoid ; ays uniseriate, female or neuter. <Anthers minutely tailed. Achenes beak-

less, turbinate, with a terminal, flattened disc, often villous, either with or without

pappus. Pappus, when present, of broad or narrow, membranous scales (except in

Heterolepis, where it consists of barbed bristles). (Gen, 125-140.)

1. Arctotee : Inv. sc, unarmed, er the outer herbaceous, inner scarious or

membrane-edged, obtuse. Heads radia —

Ray-flowers female, producing price

Achenes with two collateral cavities at back :

Pappus of 8 or more membranous scales ... (125) Arctotis. -

Pappus none, or of few minute squamules ... (126) Venidium. z

Achenes solid (no dorsal cavities) :

Pappus of several very delicate, narrow scales :

Filaments of stamens scabrous... ... (127) Haplocarpha. .-

Filaments of stamens smooth... ... ... (128) Landtia. :

Pappus of 15-20, rigid, barbed bristles... (132) Heterolepis.

Ray-flowers neuter, never having achenes :

Pappus none ; achenes 4-sided_... (129) Arctotheca.

ioe of several scales, hidden among the Jong,

y hairs that closely cover the achene... ... (130) Cryptostemma.

Props crown-like, ae crenate : achenes

tomentose: 3. a cS (131) Microstephium.

2. Gorteriee : Inv. sc., at least the outer and media pungent, and mostly spinous

at the sides, more or less concrete, Heads either radiate or discoid; rays ag

neuter. (Gen. 133-149.)

Inv. sc. concrete into an urceolate cup, toothed or lobed round the apex :

Achenes subglabrous ; pappus short, crown-like (133) Gorteria.

Achenes very villous ; —_— of — delicate,

toothed scales... (134) Gazania,

Inv. sc. in two or many rows, concrete at base only :

Pappus none ; achenes glabr., hidden in pits of the :

receptacle .......... ... (135) Cullumia.

Pappus crown-like, crenate ; “achenes glabrous ... (137) Stephanocoma.

Pappus crown- ike, splitting into ——* achenes ase

woolly ... is (136) Hirpicium.

Pappus of many flat, separate ‘scales :

Inv. se. in fwo rows; pappus uniseriate ; the

se. fimbriate-plumose ... ne we. es. (140) Didelta.

Iny. sc. imbricated in many TOWS :

Pappus seales very much acuminate ... (139) Berkheya.

Pappus se, obtuse or subacute, not fs at

pointed pai =: (138) Stobeea,

Sub-tribe 2. Muristacez, Heads ae eit rarely discoid ; rays in one

448 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Arctotis.

or more rows. Jnvol. imbricate. Recept. nude or fimbrilliferous. Corolla of disc

or ray, or both, very generally (but not constantly) bilabiate or irregularly cleft.

Anthers rigid, in all the Cape genera long-tailed at base. Pollen mostly smooth.

(Gen. 141-146.)

* Shrubs, half-shrubs, or dwarf woody plants (none herbaceous) : five

Leaves very thick and leathery, entire, penninerved, :

woolly beneath: stem dwarf or tall in (141) Oldenburgia. - F/2

_ Lys. membranous, various ; small, branching shrubs or shrublets :—

Pappus of many shortly plumose bristles : ee “3

Rays female ; shrubs ane eee (142) Printzia. <

Rays neuter or none; suffrutices ... ... (143) Dicoma, — BI-

Pappus none ; recept. fimbrillate ... ....... (146) Arrowsmithia. $24

** Stemless herbs; leaves radical, petioled; scapes 1-headed:

Heads radiate ... ... «.. +» sss (144) Gerbera. - 575

RR oon es 6 oaks i cve, one (146) Pordictom. i

Sub-tribe 1. ARcToTIDEZ. (Gen. 125-140.)

CXXV. ARCTOTIS, L.

Heads radiate; ray-fl. female, ligulate ; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect, the

innermost often abortive. ecept. honey-combed, fimbrilliferous, Inv.

campanulate, its scales in several rows, free, the outer small, somewhat

leafy, the inner longer, obtuse, scarious-membranous. Filaments smooth.

Achenes mostly pubescent, ovate, dorsally 3—5-winged or ridged, the

lateral wings or ridges inflexed, either entire or toothed, the medial

straight, narrower. Copious silky hairs arise (in most species) from

near the base of the achene. Pappus in 2 rows, paleaceous, the scales

of the inner row mostly 8, spirally twisted before the opening of the

flowers, sometimes very small. DC. Prodr.6, p. 484. —

Stemless or caulescent, unarmed herbs, natives of S. Africa. Leaves alternate,

petioled, variously incised or subentire. Heads peduncled, solitary. Name from

apxros, a bear, and dus, wos, an ear; pappus scales look like ears. The species

are very difficult to characterise, and perhaps too many are here retained.

I. Evarcroris. Achenes (silky or rarely glabrous) furnished at base with a tuft

of long, straight, silky hairs. (Sp. 1-27.)

A, Subaeaules; Stemless or nearly so: pedune, scape-like, 1-headed.

Outer inv. sc. with long, spreading, slender, woolly points :

Rhizome perennial, more or less woody :

Lvs. pinnate-parted, woolly beneath, with many

pair of narrow, linear, toothed lateral lobes ... (1) candida.

Lys. oblong, incised, sinuate, or lyrato-pinnatifid :

Lvs. green and scabrous above, white-woolly 2

WME. a a ee he ee

Lys. green and scabrous on both sides ... (3) eampanulata.

Lys. on both sides tomentose :

Achenes silky or pubescent on the surface:

Rhizome top-shaped, emitting small

branched fibres :

Lys. roughly tomentose ; ped.

short... ... -- -. (3) eampannlata.

Lvs. thickly felted with white

Rhizome abrupt, emitting many -

long, thick, simple, glabrous roots (5) diffusa.

(4) canescens.

Arctotis.] COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 449

Achenes quite glabrous on the surface ... (6) leiocarpa.

Root slender, fibrous, oA a or biennial : lys. lyrato- ©) is

pinnatifid, green above, woolly beneath :

—— nearer coppery beneath ; ach.

leptorhiza.

Rays purple or blue? achenes thinly pubescent 4 Maga

Inv. sc. all appressed, without linear points :

Lys, lyrate, on both sides white-woolly —... (9) ad:

Lys. ellipt.-oblong, sinuate bristly above, woolly beneath (10) seonviala.

Lys, long-petioled, broadly a subcordate at —

on both sides thickly woolly ... ... ... ... ... (11) verbascifolia.

B, Caulescentes : Stems elongate, leafy, simple or branched ; pedwne. terminal, long

or short, 1-headed.

* vs, either ovate, obovate, lanceolate, sinuate, lyrate or pinnatifid, but not linear.

Lys. scabrous or hispid on one or both surfaces.

Diffuse ; leaves lanceolate or ae subpetioled,

toothed, white beneath ... (12) angustifolia.

Erect, herbaceous, very scabrous ; lvs. ear-clasp- :

ing, subpanduriform orsinuate-pinnatifid, green (13) bellidifolia,

Erect, half-shrubby, very scabrous ; leaves very

setoseon bothsides, oblong or lanceolate Sharply

toothed, the upper clasping -- (14) glandulosa,

Erect, half-shrubby, hispid and scabrous ; ‘leaves

pinnatifid or deeply incised, with broad or nar-

row lobes, mostly tomentose beneath ... ... (15) aspera,

Erect, annual, hollow-stemmed, pilose ; leaves

petioled, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, toothed,

green beneath, the upper ear-clasping ... ... (16) fastnosa.

Lvs. glabrous or softly tomentose, neither scabrous nor hispid :

All parts silvery ; lvs. lanceolate, petiolate, sub-

entire - .. +. (22) lanceolata,

All parts nearly glabrous; Ive. pinnatifid ... (17) laevis.

All parts tomentose ; Ivs. pinnati-partite, with

many narrow, toothed lobes ... ... (18) revoluta,

Lys. tomentose on one or both sides, ‘oblong or

obovate, or lyrate-pinnatifid, very variable ... (19) stechadifolia.

Herbaceous, diffuse ; lvs. petioled, green above,

white beneath, oblong-obovate, Sarees :

inv. nearly glabrous .- (20) petiolata,

Suffr., ascending ; leaves petioled, roundish or

broadly obovate, toothed, woolly on both sides (21) snea.

**Zvs. narrow, linear or linear-oblong :—

Outer inv. sc. with linear, spreading points :

Lys. petioled, lin.-oblong, crenate, 3-5-nerved (23) elongata.

Lvs, lin.-lanceolate and linear, repand, 3-nerved (24) virgata.

Lys. linear, sessile, obtuse, — crenate, with

revolute margins... « .. (25) pinnatifida,

All the inv. scales close-pressed :

Shrubby ; ; lvs. linear orspathulate, subentire, flat (26) argentea.

Suffr. ; lvs. linear-iavolute, quite entire ... ... (27) linearis.

II. Pszuparcroris. Achenes minutely pubescent or glabrous on the surface, not

having a basal tuft of silky hairs. Pappus short. (Sp. et

Perennial, caulescent ; leaves oblong, entire or toothed ... (28) venidioides.

Annual, nearly stemless ; lys. petioled, elliptic, sinuate ... (29) pusilla,

Annual, with long, weak, branching stems; leaves ear-

clasping at base, oblong, obtuse, sub-entire ... ... ... (30) flaccida,

VoL. m1. 29

450 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ A rctotis

I. Evarororts. (Sp. 1-27).

1. A. candida (Th.! Cap. 710); herbaceous, short-stemmed, simple

or branched ; leaves crowded on the short stem or subradical, petioled,

pinnate-parted, white-woolly beneath, cobwebby above, at length nude,

the lobes in several pairs, linear-oblong, callous-mucronate, few-toothed,

with reflexed margins; pedunc. elongate, tomentose; inv. nearly gla-

brous, the outer sc, produced into a long, recurved, subulate, tomentose

point. Less./ Syn. 15. DC. 1. ¢. 485. A. glaucophylla, Jacq. Schoenbr.

t. 170?

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Flats, Drege, fide DC. (Herb. Thunb.)

Root ligneous, deeply descending. Stem 1-2 inches long, closely leafy ; branches

from the lowest axils, equalling the stem. Leaves 4-5 in. long ; their lobes 3-4 in.

long, 1-2 lines wide. Rays purplish beneath, either creamy or yellow above. I

have only seen the single specimen in Hb. Th.

2. A. acaulis (Linn. Sp. ed. 2. p. 1306); stemless or nearly so, with

a thick, ligneous rootstock ; radical leaves long-petioled, polymorphous

| oblong-subsinuate, incised, lobed, or lyrate, with few or many

teral lobes), white-woolly and many-nerved beneath, scabrous or gland-

hairy above, the margin reflexed ; pedune, scapelike, elongate, tomen-

tose, setose and glandular; inv. nearly glabrous, the outer produced

into a long, recurved, subulate, tomentose point. Less. Syn./ 16. Th./

Cap. p. 708. A. scapigera, Th.! Cap, 709. Bot. Reg. t. 122. Also, fide

Less., A. tricolor, Jacq. Sch. t. 159. A. undulata, Jacq. 1. c. t. 160, and

A. speciosa, Jacq. 1. c. 161. Bot. Mag. t. 2182.

Has. Cape, Thunb.! E.§ Z.! Simon’ Wri . -. Pappe!

an Oo a eae 2

and Hott. Hollandsberg, Zey./ 2998, 8 ; 2999; 3000. (Hb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

3. A. campanulata (DC.! 1. c. 415); nearly stemless, radical leaves

petioled, on both sides either tomentose-canescent or setoso-pubescent,

lyrate, the lower lobes smaller, the terminal large, ovate-oblong, toothed

or incised; pedunc. about equalling the leaves, tomentose and hairy ;

outer inv. scales produced into a linear, tomentose, spreading or recurved

point,

Vag. a, subtomentosa, DC. ; leaves canescent, lobes blunt.

Var. 8. puberula, DC, ; leaves setoso-pubescent, lobes acute.

Has, Both vars. in little Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Very near A. acaulis, but the leaves are uniformly coloured ; either both sides

hoary or both green and pubescent ; in A. acaulis, so far as 1 know, the underside

is always and alone hoary. The dry specimens show no floral difference. I retain

the species with much hesitation.

4. A. canescens (DC.! 1. c. 485); nearly stemless, with a thickish

rhizome; radical leaves crowded, petioled, on both sides white-woolly,

lyrato-pinnatipartite, the lateral lobes few or many, oblong, obtuse,

sinuate-toothed, the terminal larger, obtuse; pedune, 14-3ce as long as

leaves, tomentose ; outer inv. seales produced into a linear, tomentose,

spreading point.

Arctotis.] CoMPOSIT (Harv.) 451

Has. Kamiesberg and Kamdebosberg, Drege! Modderfontein, Rev. H. White-

head! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Thickly clothed with felted, whitish hairs. Lys. 3-6 inches long, sometimes with

a large lobulate terminal lobe and 2-3 pair of small laterals; sometimes with 5-6

pair of uncial lateral lobes, the terminal not conspicuously larger. The length of

the pedune. also varies considerably. Heads large and showy; rays yellow above,

coppery beneath.

5. A, diffusa (Th.! Cap. 707); stemless, rhizome creeping? emitting

at each node many thick, simple, glabrous rootlets; radical leaves from

a broad, many nerved base, petiolate, on both sides white-woolly, oblong-

obovate, either crenate, incised or imperfectly lyrate ; scape longer than

the leaves, woolly; outer inv. sc. with linear, woolly appendices. Less.

. Syn. 18. DC. l. c. 486.

Has. Cape, Zhunberg/ (Herb. Th.)

Possibly stoloniferous, forming at the end of each stolon a depressed, imperfect

tuber nearly an inch across, which emits from its lower surface 6-12 simple roots,

4-6 inches long, 1 line diameter. Leaves 2-3 inches long, }-{ in. wide, thickly

felted with white woolliness. The flowers have perished in Thunberg’s specimens ;

no other collector seems to have met with this species.

6, A. leiocarpa (Harv.); nearly stemless, subradical leaves petioled,

on both sides thinly pubescent, subtomentose, lyrato-pinnatifid, tapering

at base, with oblong blunt lobes; fl. branches bearing 1-2 leaves, not

much longer than the radical leaves; outer inv. sc. hairy, with short

linear points, inner oblong, membranous, glabrous; achenes quite gla-

brous on the surface, with a tuft of basal, silky hairs. #.¢Z. No. 437,

DC., 88. (in Hb. Sd.)

Has. Beaufort, E. ¢ Z. Gamka R., Burke § Zeyher! Springbokkeel, Zey/ Hope-

town Distr., 4. Wyley! (Herb. Sond., Hk., D.)

The ripe achenes are black, and glossy ; the silky basal tuft rather scanty ; and

the pappus scales often shorter than the body of the achene. Foliage as in A. lepto-

rhiza. Rays white above; coppery purple beneath.

7. A. leptorhiza (DC.! 1 c. 486); root slender, fibrous, annual ;

radical leaves petioled, green and hispid above, white-woolly beneath,

oblong-lanceolate, variably incised (either repand, coarsely and sharply

toothed or more or less deeply lyrato-pinnatifid, or pinnatipartite); scapes

long or short, tomentose and hispid; outer inv. scales linear, tomen-

tose, spreading and reflexed; inner glabrous, scarious ; achenes si/ky,

with a basal tuft of silky hairs, the lateral wings subentire.

Var. a. breviscapa, DC.; scape shorter than the pinnatifid leaves. A. breviscapa,

Th.! Cap. p. 709. Less. Syn. 18.

Var. f. longiscapa, DC. ; scape longer than the toothed or pinnatifid leaves,

Has. About Capetown and inthe Western Districts, Th.! Z. § Z.! W. H. H.

Driefontein, Zey.! Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 292. Paardeneiland, Z. § Z.’ (Herb.

Th. 'D.; Bk ea

Not unlike A. acaulis in miniature; but the root is annual and the heads much

smaller and fewer-flowered. The foliage varies as in that species, Rays orange-

yellow, coppery outside.

8. A. Dregei (Turez.! Bull. Mosew. XXIV. (1851), p. 93); root

slender, fibrous, annual? radical leaves petioled, green and hispid above,

white-woolly beneath, oblongo-lanceolate, variably incised, some entire,

29°

452 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Arctotis.

some lyrate, some pinnatipartite, the lobes oblong, entire ; scapes 2-3

times longer than the leaves, tomentose and hispid ; outer inv. sc. hir-

sute, with dark, spreading points ; inner tomentose, with a wide, gla-

brous margin; achenes thinly pubescent, with a basal tuft of short, silky

hairs, the lateral wings strongly toothed. Walp. Ann. vol. 5. p. 351.

Dietr. Fl. Univ., Comp. t. 6. Arctotheca grandiflora, Drege, fide Turcz.

Has. Riv. Zondereinde, Zeyher / 3005. (Herb, Sd., Hk.)

Very similar in general aspect and foliage to A. leptorhiza ; but with a different

involucre and achene, and apparently purple ray-flowers.

9, A. adpressa (DC. 1. c. 485); nearly stemless, stem very short,

decumbent, dividing at the crown ; leaves petioled, lyrate, toothed, on

both sides woolly, the lobes short and blunt; pedune. elongate, tomen-

tose and hairy; outer inv. scales short, ovate, pointless, appressed. A.

acaulis, Jacq. Sch. t. 158, fide DC.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege! Sneeuwekop, Dr. Wallich! (Herb. Sond., D.)

Leaves 2-3 in. long, wholly canescent and somewhat rusty, lyrate, with few

lateral lobes. Inv. scales pale, wholly pointless! I omit the ‘ Uitenhage’ hab. of

E. § Z., quoted by DC., because all the specimens from those collectors which I

have seen (in Hb. Sd., D.) belong to Haplocarpha lyrata.

10. A. oocephala (DC. 1. c. 486); “nearly stemless; radical leaves

petioled, setose or tubercularly very rough above, thickly white-woolly

beneath, 3-nerved, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, sinuate-toothed ; pedunc.

subtomentose, hairy, equalling or exceeding the leaves; inv. scales ap-

pressed.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Zeederberge, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

‘Collum and petioles woolly. Leaves 3 in. long, 6-9 1. wide. Achenes striate

at back, sparingly villous at base.” DC. l. c.

11, A. verbascifolia (Harv.); nearly stemless, with a thick rhizome;

subradical leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate, obtuse, subcordate at

base, repando-crenate, as well as the petiole thickly clothed on both

sides with felted, woolly hairs; pedunc. 1~2ce as long as leaves, woolly;

all the inv. scales ovate, obtuse, appressed, without appendix.

Has. Skurfdeberg, Zeyher / (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Rootstock $-$ in. thick. Petioles 2-3 in. long; lamina 2-2} in. long, nearly as

wide at base, immersedly many nerved. Toment very thick and shaggy, whitish.

Achenes densely silky ; rather shorter than the pappus. Well marked by its foliage

and inyolucre.

12. A. angustifolia (Linn. Sp. 1306, non Jacq.); stem herbaceous,

diffuse or erect, branching, roughly hispid and glandular; leaves short-

petioled or subsessile, lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acute, remotely

toothed or entire, scabrous or hispid above, white-woolly and 3-nerved

beneath, not eared at base; pedune. terminal, pilose, short or longish ;

inv. cobwebby, the outer sc. with long, subulate, squarrose points.

Less, Syn. 20. Th. Cap. 706. DC. l. c. 486. A. decumbens, Jacg.

Schoenbr. t. 381. C. Wright, No. 288, 289. A. decurrens, Jacq. |. ¢. &

165. A. Kraussii, Sch. B.? Bot. Zeit. 27. p. 771 (ex. deser. cl. auct-)

Van. 8, latifolia; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, short-petioled. .

Aretotis. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 453

Han, Cape flats and in the W. Districts, common. Zey! 3007. 8. Gt. Howhoek

and Kl. Riviersberge, Zey! 3007, (Herb, Th., D., Hk., Sd.

A large, coarse-growing, much-branched, glandular and hairy plant. Branches

curved, Leaves 2-2} in. long, 4-} in. wide, with reflexed edges.

13. A. bellidifolia (Berg. Cap. 318, non Th.) ; stem herbaceous, as-

cending or erect, branching, striate, hispid and scabrous ; branches long,

ending in nude peduncles; leaves hispid and scabrous above, thinly

tomentose beneath, especially the younger ones, oblong or subpanduri-

form, the upper ones eared and stem-clasping at base, toothed, incised

or sinuate-pinnatifid; pedunc. very scabrid; outer invol. sc. seabrous-

bristled, with linear-subulate, recurved points, Less. Syn. 21. DC. l.

c. 486, A. muricata, Th.! Cap.707. A. paniculata, Jacq. Schoenbr.t. 380.

Has. Sandy fields, Zwartland, Th.! Cape, £. & Z.! Tulbagh’s Kloof, Zey.! 969,

Paarlberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 ft. high, sometimes much branched ; all parts more or less rough with short,

glandular bristles. Leaves 2-3 inches long, the lowermost petioled, the rest

strongly clasping with toothed ear-lobes at base. Heads rather small. The name

* bellidifolia” is very inappropriate.

14, A. glandulosa (Thunb. Cap. 706); stem suffruticose, branched,

furrowed, extremely rough with bristles, hairs, and glands; leaves on

both sides very setose, scabrous and glandular, oblong or lanceolate, the

lowermost tapering much at base, subpetiolate, upper sessile, half-clasp-

ing, all sharply and unequally toothed, the young parts sometimes cob-

webbed; pedunce. short, very bristly ; outer inv. scales with subulate,

scabrous points. Less. Syn, 23. DC. l.c. 487.

Has. Piquetberg, Thunberg! Witsenberg and Windhoek, Zey.! 970. (Herb.

Th., Hk., Sd.)

As strong-growing as A. angustifolia, exceedingly rough and bristly in all parts. —

Lower leaves 3-4 in. long, 1 in. wide ; upper 2-3 in. long, 4-} in, wide. Young

plants thinly cobwebbed ; old quite nude, Heads large and showy, rays purplish?

perhaps white above.—Very near the simple-leaved forms of A. aspera.

15, A, aspera (Linn. Sp, 1307); stem half-shrubby, branching, his- Cyr ;

pid and scabrous, sometimes tomentose, leaves commonly tomentose

beneath (sometimes nude), hispid and setose above, pinnatifid or inciso-

pinnatifid, the lobes toothed, broad or narrow, the cauline dilated and

clasping at base; outer inv. scales linear-subulate, hispid. Less, Syn. p.

24. DC. 1c. 487.

Van. a.? angustifolia, Less. ; leaves subentire, much attenuate at base and obso-

letely eared. A. angustifolia, Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 168, fide Less.

Var. f, incisa; leaves inciso-pinnatifid. A. incisa, Th./ Cap. 7o7. A. melano-

eycla, Willd. A. auriculata, Jacq. t. c. t. 169.

Var. 7, cichoracea, Berg. ; leaves pinnatifid, segments short, blunt, spreading.

A. formosa, Th.! Cap. 708. A. lyrata, Willd. A. bicolor, Willd. A. caulescens, Th.!

Cap. 708.

Var. 8, scabra, Berg. ; lvs. pinnatifid, the lobes long, spreading, flat and broad-

ish. A. maculata, Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 379. A. arborescens, Willd.

Var. ¢, undulata, Berg. ; leaves pinnatifid, the lobes long, spreading, narrow,

toothed, and undulate. A. undulata, Th.! Cap. 710, nec. Jacg. A. cuprea, Jacq.

2.176. A. aureola, Edw. Bot. Reg. t. 32.

Has. Western districts in many places, frequent. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., 8d.)

Very variable in foliage, but generally known by its rough and glandular surface,

Qu»

454 COMPOSITA (Harv.) | A rctotis.

the more or less pmnatifid char. of leaves, and their usually whitish, woolly under-

side; this last char., however, is very variable, and in var. 8. especially there is

sometimes no toment. Sometimes the leaf-lobes are 3-3 in. wide, sometimes 1 line.

In var. e. they are most divided, and much crisped and curled.

16. A. fastuosa (Jacq.? Schoenbr. t. 166); stem herbaceous, fistular,

erect, branched, pilose with jointed hairs ; leaves scattered, petioled,

elliptic-oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, coarsely toothed or sinuous, pilose

on both sides, the medial half-clasping, the uppermost sessile, clasping ;

pedune. ending the branches, very pilose; outer inv. sc. with long,

subulate, pilose points, inner glabrous and glossy ; achenes silky, with

a very copious basal tuft. Less. Syn. 22. DC. l. c. 487.

Var. 8. spinulosa, Less. ; lvs. undulate, the upper more auricled and clasping ;

pedune, short. A. spinulosa, Jacq. l. c. t. 167.

Has. Cape, Jacquin. Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. D.)

Root said to be annual. Stem 2-3 ft. high, hollow, as thick as a swan’s quill.

Lower lys. I have not seen ; medial, including the petiole, 3-4 in. long, 1-1} in. wide.

Heads very large and showy ; rays numerous, bright orange. I describe from Mr.

Whitehead’s specimen, which, so far as it goes, agrees well with Jacquin’s figure,

above quoted. I give var. 8. wholly on Lessing’s authority.

17. A. levis (Thunb.! Cap. 708); stem suffruticose, branching, gla-

brous or cobwebbed ; leaves either glabrous and smooth on both sides,

or thinly tomentose beneath, becoming glabrous in age, more or less

incised or pinnatifid, the lateral lobes narrow, horizontal, mostly toothed,

upper lys. half-clasping at base; pedune, terminal, nude or sparsely

hispid ; outer inv. sc. with glabrous or scabrous, linear, squarrose points.

Less.! Syn. 22. DOC.1. ¢. 487. A. denudata, Th.! Cap. 710. A. gla-

brata, Jacq. Schoenbr.t.175. A. grandiflora, Jacq. l.c. 378. A. sqwarrosa,

Jacq. l. c. 177. fide Less, l. c.

_ Has. Olifant’s R., Thund.! Leliefontein, and the Giftberg, Drege! (Herb. Th.,

D., Hk., Sd.)

_ Pale green, slightly glandular, mostly smooth in all parts; the young parts some-

times with deciduous toment. Leaves mostly pinnatifid, the lateral lobes 1-3 in-

long, 1-5 1. wide. Pedunc. 4-6 in. long, heads at length nodding.

18. A. revoluta (Jacq. ? Schoenbr. t. 173, fide DC.); stem suffruti-

cose, rooting, branches furrow-striate, tomentose, leaves on both sides

white-tomentose, pinnatipartite, the lobes numerous, narrow, linear or

lanceolate, toothed, with revolute margins; pedicels tomentose (or “nigto-

pilose”) ; outer inv. sc. with long, subulate, tomentose, subsquarrose

points, A. revoluta f. fruticosa, DC.! 1. c. 488.

» Has. Breedriver, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

«Of this I have seen but a fragment. The leaves are more like those of A. candida

\» than of any of the fruticose species. Lf. lobes 4-3 in. long, 1-21. wide. Rays

\ yellow, fulvous externally. It is very doubtful whether this be Jacquin’s plant.

¥ _ 19. A. stechadifolia (Berg. Cap. 324); stem half-shrubby at base,

Pee or ascending, branches elongate, tomentose; leaves not scabrous,

either tomentose on both surfaces or nude on the upper, whitish, taper-

ing much at base, either oblong or obovate and toothed, or lyrate, of

pinnatifid with broad, blunt lobes, sessile or half-clasping, and some-

Arctotis. | _ COMPOSITE (Harv.) 455

what eared, outer inv. se. linear, squarrose, tomentose. Less. Syn. 26.

DC. 1. ¢. 488.

Vaz. a, grandis, Less. ; Ivs. 3-4 in. long, obovate-oblong, toothed, concolourous;

fi. branches very long. A. grandis, Th.! Cap. 706.

Var. B, decumbens, Less. ; Ivs. 2-3 in., repand or lyrate, with few lobes ; stem

decumbent; fl, branches shorter. A. decumbens, Thunb. ! Oap. 707. A. rosea, Jacq.

Schoenbr. t. 162.

Var. y, Bergii, DC. ; leaves lyrate, toothed, concolourous.

Var. 5, discolor ; lvs. sinuate or lyrate, green and glabrate above, white beneath.

Zey./ 2996. A. cuneata, DC. 1. c. 489. -

Var. e, rosea, Less. ; leaves sinuate-pinnatifid, lobes short, obtuse, equal. A.

auriculata, DC. l. e. 487, non. Jacq. ? 5

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ a, Zwartland, Th.! 8, Cape Flats, W.H.H. Caledon R.,

Zey.! 963. Albert, Cooper, 666. Saldanha Bay, #.¢Z./ Kreilsriver, Zey./ 967.

3, Uitenhage, #. §. Z.! Zwartkops R., Zey./ 2996. ¢, Hassaqua’s K1., Zey. ! 2997.

Kaus and Natvoet, Drege/ Zwart Kei, Mrs. &. W. Barber, 417. (Herb. Th. D.,

Hk., Sd.

Leaves very variable, but generally more or less lyrate. The toment. is usually

copious, soft and white, rarely deficient ; the surface is always smooth. Fl. heads

large and showy. A. cuneata, DC., in its narrow-leaved forms looks different, but

gradually passes into one or other var.; its leaves are sometimes thinly cobwebbed

above. Zeyher’s 968 (Hb. Sd. Hk.) seems to be an extremely narrow form of var. 6,

with almost linear leaves ; but the leaves vary to obovate-spathulate on the same

specimen (Hb, Sd.)

20. A. petiolata (Thunb. ! Cap. 708); stem herbaceous, diffuse or

decumbent, striate, tomentose, leafy; leaves petioled, white-woolly and

many-nerved beneath, green, smooth, and at length glabrous above,

oblong-obovate, sharply toothed or pinnatifid, the lower ones lyrate, on

longer petioles, simple at base, the cauline half-amplexicaul ; invol.

nearly glabrous, the outer sc. with narrow, linear, spreading points.

Less. Syn. 19. DC. 1. c. 486.

Has. Sandy places, Zwartland, Thunberg/ (Herb. Th.)

Stem rooting at intervals, afterwards ascending-erect. Petioles of the lower lvs.

14-2 inches long ; lamina 1-13 inch. _ The incision of the leaves varies much. Very

near A. stechadifolia, var. discolor, if distinct.

21. A. wnea (Jacq. f. eclog. 1. t. 52, fide DC.); stem suffruticose, as-

cending, branched, branches striate, tomentose, ending in nude pedun-

cles ; leaves petiolate, half-clasping at base, roundish, elliptical or

broadly obovate, sharply and unequally toothed, whitish-woolly on both

sides, with a few teeth or small lobules on the petiole ; outer inv. sc.

with linear, tomentose points. DC. 7. c. 489.

Has. Brakfontein, Clanw., Z. ¢ Z.! (Herb. Sd., D.)

Allied to A. stechadifolia, but with different foliage. Petioles 13~-2 in. long ;

lamina 14 in. long and nearly as broad ; the teeth almost spinulose. I describe from

E. § Zs specimens, seen by De Candolle ; of Jacquin’s plant I know nothing.

22. A. lanceolata (Harv.); sufiruticose at base only, stems ascending-

erect, subsimple, laxly leafy, angular, thinly tomentose, ending in long

nude peduncles ; subradical leaves petioled, lanceolate or rarely lyrate,

tapering much to each end, remotely denticulate, cauline not clasping,

‘lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subpetiolate, attenuate at base and apex,

456 coMposIT#& (Harv.) [ Arctotis.

all thinly silvery; outer inv. sc. with linear, subtomentose points ;

achenes silky, with ample basal tuft. H. & Z, 108-5, 1836.

Has, Cape, FZ. & Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

Stems probably several, 12-18 in. high, rather slender, Leaves, with the petiole,

4-5 in. long, 4-5 lines wide, some of the radical occasionally lyrate, All parts thinly

silvery, Allied to A. elongata but much more slender, with smaller heads and

petioled leaves tapering much to each end,

23. A. elongata (Th.! Cap. 706); stem herbaceous, branched, silvery,

the flowering branches ending in long, nude, one-headed peduncles ;

leaves simple and tapering at base, petioled, linear-oblong, repando-

crenate, with sometimes a pair of small lateral lobes, 3—5-nerved, cob-

webby or glabrous above, silvery tomentose beneath; inv. cobwebby,

the outer scales with linear, tomentose points. Less/ Syn. 19. DC. 1.¢-

486. A. tricolor, Willd.

Has, Cape, Thunberg! (Herb, Th., Sd.

)

Leaves 3 in. long; 4 in. wide, the petiole broad and channelled. Pedunc, 8-12

in. long, whole plant thinly canescent,

24, A. virgata (Jacq.? Schoenbr. t. 307, fide DC.); stem herbaceous,

branched, branches thinly silvery, striate, ending in long, nude pedun-

cles; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, distantly repand-toothed or lobu-

late, glabrous above, thinly silvery beneath, somewhat 3-nerved; outer

inv. scales cobwebby, with spreading, linear points. DC 1. ¢. 489.

Has. Cape, Burchell, E.G Z.! (Herb. Sd.)

I describe from Ecklon’s specimen, No. 1097, which was seen by D@., but I think

the reference to Jacquin rather doubtful. ‘Leaves 1-13 in. long, 1-2 1. wide.

25. A. pinnatifida (Th.! Cap. 705); suffruticose, branching, branches

albo-tomentose, virgate, ending in peduncles; leaves tomentose, linear,

thickish, obtuse, crenate, with reflexed margins, half-clasping at base;

outer iny. sc. with linear, tomentose points. Less,/ Syn. 27. DC. l.c. 489.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ (Herb. Th.)

An erect, rigid suffrutex, hoary in all parts. Leaves }-1 in, long, 1-2 1. wide,

bluntly toothed, not pinnatijfid. The sp. name, as DC. observes, is very inappropriate,

and tends to mislead. : oe :

26. A. argentea (Th! Cap. 705); stem shrubby, branching, erect,

tomentose; branches long, virgate, ending in long, nude, tomentose

peduncles; leaves tomentose, the rameal linear or spathulate, narrowed

to the base, subentire ; inv. sc. ovate or ovate-oblong, appressed, without

excurrent points. Less./ Syn.27. DC.1, ¢. 489. Centaurea incana,

Burm., fide DC.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

A slender, tall, rigid plant, albo-tomentose in all parts. Lower leaves not seen;

upper 1-13 in. long, 2 lines wide, not clasping at base. Pedunc, 8-12 in. long, rigid.

Iny. sc. cobwebbed, then glabrous.

27. A. linearis (Thunb.! Cap. 705); stem suffruticose, branched, the

young parts thinly tomentose, branches ending in nude peduncles ;

leaves thinly silvery, inear-involute, acute, very narrow, quite entire,

half-clasping at base ; outer inv. sc. taperpointed, appressed, glabrous.

Less. Syn.27. DC. 1. c. p. 489.

A retotis. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 457

Has, Cape, Thunberg? (Herb. Th.)

_ With the habit of A. argentea and A. pinnatifida, this is known by its very narrow,

imvolute leaves, Lvs, 1-1} in, long, 3-1 line wide. DC’s var. 8., denticulata, which

T have seen in Hb. Sd., has decidedly spathulate, expanded leaves, and seems to me

to be a narrow leaved form of A. cuneata, DC. (A. stechadifolia, 5.)

II, Pseuparctotis, (Sp. 28-30.)

28, A. venidioides (DC.!1.c. 489); herbaceous, exespitose-erect, thinly

pubescent and glandular, branched from the base; leaves oblong, mem-

branous, entire or toothed, acute, the lowest tapering to the base, the

upper half-clasping ; outer inv. sc, lanceolate, hairy, taper-pointed, erect,

inner glabrous, ovate, obtuse; achenes shortly pubescent; pappus very

short.

Has, Olifants R., Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) '

The specimens seen by me are very imperfect, and I have chiefly drawn my de-

scription from DC. 1, ¢.

29, A. pusilla (DC. 1. c. 489); “root slender, annual; stem short,

simple, one-headed, sparingly leafy, striate, puberous; radical leaves

petioled, elliptic, sinuate-toothed, somewhat 3-nerved at base, pubescent

on both sides; cauline sessile, lanceolate, erect; outer inv. sc. linear,

hairy; inner glabrous, obtuse, scarious; achenes glabrous, crowned with

6-8 pappus scales.” DC. l. ¢.

Has. Olifant’s R., Drege!’ (Unknown to me.)

80, A. flaccida (Jacq. Schoenbr. t, 163); stem herbaceous, ascend-

ing, weak, fistular, angle-furrowed, branched, leafy, hispidulous ; cauline

leaves ear-clasping at base, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, subentire or

repand, the lowermost tapering at base, all thinly puberulous or gla-

brescent, the youngest minutely cobwebbed beneath; uppermost lvs.

linear; pedune. terminal, very short, setose; outer inv. sc. in about 3

rows, setose, with linear, obtuse, erect, thinly canous points; achenes

minutely puberulous, with strongly toothed wings, pappus of very short,

semicircular scales, DC. @. ¢. 490. :

. Has. Cape, Jacquin. N: ualand, Von Schlicht. (Herb. Sond.

Root sanuek “Radical maven, nie’ Jacquin, petioled ; all the atin, save the

lowest, strongly clasping. Lvs. 2~3 in. long, }-{ in, wide, pale green, membranous.

Rays according to Jacquin white, yellow at base ; in our sp. they seem to have been

yellow, each with a dark spot. Our plant in other respects so nearly agrees with

Jacquin’s figure, that I can hardly think it different. It seems naturally allied to

Venid. semipapposum, but has a more evident and complete, though minute, pappus.

(Garden species, unknown to us.)

A, decurrens (Jacq. Sch. t. 165); “stem suffruticose branched ;

branches hairy, here and there subtomentose, leaves on both sides hairy,

undivided, obovate-oblong, somewhat toothed, the limb decurrent along

the half-clasping petiole ; outer inv. sc. with linear, spreading points.”

DC. t. ¢. 487.

Has. Cape, Jacquin.

Drege’s plant (Hb. Sd.) referred to this species by DC. seems to me to belong to

A, angustifolia.

458 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Venidiwn.

A. reptans (Jacq. 1. c. t. 382); “stem herbaceous, ascending, branched ;

branches hispid leafy ; leaves ear-clasping at base, hispid, canescent be-

neath, oblong-obovate, sinuate-incised ; outer inv. sc. acuminate, spread-

ing.” DC. lc. 487.

Has. Cape, Jacquin.

A. cineraria (Jacq. Sch. t. 174); “stem half shrubby below, branch-

ing; branches albo-tomentose; leaves long, petioled, not eared at base,

pinnatifid, cano-tomentose, the lobes elongate, patent, narrow, obtuse,

toothed; outer inv. sc. squarrose.” DC. 1. c. p. 488.

Has. Cape, Jacquin.

I have (Herb. D.) a garden specimen which agrees well with Jacquin’s figure,

except that the petioles are auricled at base.

A. elatior (Jacq. 1. c. t. 172); “stem shrubby, branched ; branches

tomentose-hairy, leafy, scarcely nude at the summit; leaves pinnatifid,

hispid above, tomentose beneath, the lobes linear-lanceolate, angle-

toothed; petioles scarcely dilated at base; outer iny. sc. squarrose.”

DC. tl. ¢. 488.

Has. Cape, Jacquin.

A. leucanthemoides (Jacq. 1. c. t. 164); “root fibrous; stem herba-

ceous, hispidulous, branches sparingly leafy; leaves pubescent-hairy,

the lower petioled, obovate, repand-toothed, upper lanceolate, sessile,

quite entire ; outer inv. sc. leafy, obtuse, hairy, squarrose.” DC./.c. 499.

Has. Cape, Jacquin.

A. amplexicaulis (Less. Syn. 25); “stem shrubby, branched ; flower-

ing-branches elongate, flocculent-tomentose; leaves deeply pinnatifid,

ear-clasping at base, glabrate above, smooth, cano-tomentose beneath ;

outer inv. sc. longish, squarrose.” DC. l. c. 488. A. elatior, Herb.

Willd. No. 16711, fide Less.

Has. Cape.

A specimen in Hb. Sond. under this name seems to me not to differ from a var-

of A. aspera, common on Table Mt. The leaves are neither smooth above nor

tomentose beneath.

CXXVI. VENIDIUM, Less.

Heads radiate ; ray-fl. female, ligulate ; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Recept. honeycombed, mostly nude. Jnv. sc. imbricate in several rows,

the outer narrower, herbaceous, inner scarious. il. smooth. Achenes

glabrous (rarely subpubescent), dorsally 3-5 winged or ridged, the

lateral ridges inflexed, often toothed, the medial straight, narrower.

No hairs from the base of the achene. Pappus either none, or of 4

very minute, unilateral scales. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 491.

Herbs with the aspect of Arctotis, from which genus this differs in the glabrous

achenes, destitute of pappus. The section Pseud-arctotis is however, nearly inter-

mediate with Venidium. Name?

Venidium. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 459

A. Perennial ; stems elongate, branching, leafy ; leaves subentire (not lyrate), sessile,

more or less ‘stem-clasping :

Outer inv. scales lanceolate inate Rey, long, with

spreading points ... .. ... (1) semipapposum,

Outer inv. sc. shorter than ‘the i inner, erect or ‘suberect : .

Lvs. linear or eee smooth above ; achenes

tlinelong . ... (2) angustifolium.

Lys. = bristly above ; ‘ach. 2 long, very smooth (3) macrospermum,

B. Perennial ; stems elongate, leafy; leaves lyrate, lobed or pinnatifid, petioled :

Petioles (or the wpper ones) conspicuously eared and clasping at base :

Stem pilose on the striz; lvs. green, and scabrous

above... (4) discolor.

Stem and Ivs. more or less albo-tomentose, not ‘pilose :

Lys. long-petioled, the petiole with a deewrrent

ear, lateral lobes small, or none, terminal

roundish, sinuate . (5) decurrens.

Leaves short-petioled, ‘not decurrent-eared ; lat.

lobes oblong, terminal ovate, toothed ... (9) arctotoides.

Petioles not conspicuously ear-clasping at base :

Outer inv. se. leafy, large, and spathulate ...... (7) spathuligerum.

Outer inv. sc. small, acute or taper-pointed :

Lys. long- petioled, ovate or lyrate, tomentose ;

inv. se. woolly.

Slender; leaves ovate or cordate, repand,

green ‘and hispidulous above _... (6) perfoliatum.

Stem angle-ridged ; leaves mostly lyrate,

with few lat. lobes, canescent on one or

both sides, smooth ‘above... (5) decurrens, 8.

Lys. lyrato-pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, hispi-

dulous on both sides ; inv. sc. scabrous... (8) hispidulum.

C. Perennial: stems short and tufted ; leaves chiefly radical and subradical, lyrate

or pinnati-partite :

Leaves lyrato-pinnatifid, green above, white beneath .... (11) microcephalum.

Leaves pinnati-partite, lobes small, very blunt, in many

eras the upper lobulate, all thinly cobwebby on both

... (10) erosum,

D. Kitial with fibrous roots; stem either long and leafy, or scarcely any; leaves

various :

Nearly stemless ; lvs. lyrate, subcanescent ... ... ... (16) subacaule.

More or less caulescent ; stem simple or branched :

Lys. ovato-lanceolate, subentire, pubescent... .... (17) fugax.

Lvs. ovate-sublyrate, tomentose beneath ... ... (18) Kraussii.

Lys. lyrato-pinnatifid or pinnatifid :

Cobwebby-tomentose ; leaves ac es ee

fi, heads very large and showy . ..- (15) Wylei.

More or less hirsute, with long, jointed, “soft hairs :

Achenes cross-ridged and tubercled :

Stem branched, thinly pilose ; heads

very large (13) macrocephalum.

Stem eel one-headed ; Teaves

‘ chiefly oot cr a ... (14) aureum,

Achenes smoo’ coronate; arts very

MPsUbe: So ese ie vs. «+ (12) hirsutum.

1. V. semipapposum (DC.! 1. c. 491); stem herbaceous, erect, branched,

furrow-striate, tomentose and more or less piloso-scabrid ; cauline leaves

oblong or subpanduriform, ear-clasping at base, subentire or sinuous-

460 COMPOSIT& (Hary.) ~ [Venidiuwm.

toothed, rarely runcinate, scabrous above, albo-tomentose beneath, the

uppermost narrower, often linear; outer inv. sc, lanceolate-acuminate,

elongate, spreading, green and scabrous above, beneath either pilose or

tomentose ; pappus of about 4 minute scales, at one side of the glabrous

achene ; sometimes obsolete,

Vaz, a. scabrum; outer inv. scales pilose beneath, scarcely tomentose. V. sca-

brum, Less,! Syn. p. 29. V. semipapposum, DC. 1. ¢, Arctotis scabra, Th. Cap. 7°7-

Vaz. 8. plantagineum; outer iny. sc. white-woolly beneath. V. plantagineum,

Less.! Syn. p. 30. DC. 1. ¢. 492. V. subcalvum, DC.! 1. c. 492. Arctotis plantaginea,

L. Th.! Cap. 706, Arct. tomentosa, Th.! in Herb,

Has, Var. a. Zwartland, Thunberg! Caledon and Gnadenthal, Eckl.! Draken-

stein, Drege/ 8. Paarl. Thunb. Draakenstein, Drege/ Riv. Zon, Einde, Zey./ Zwart-

river, Zey.! 3007. Tulbagh, Pappe! Hott. Holl., Zey.! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-2 ft. high, leafy throughout, Leaves variable in relative length and

breadth ; in Thunbery’s specimens of var. a. much narrower than usual, Lvs, com-

monly 2—3 in, long, 3-1 in. wide, green above. The toment. varies much, bothon the

leaves, stem, and iny. scales, and I have no hesitation in uniting the two species of

Lessing. DC.’s V. subcalvwm is absolutely identical with Arctotis plataginea, Th. !

T adopt DC.’s name ‘semipapposwm’ for the united species, as it expresses the cha-

racter by which this differs from other Venidia.

2, V. angustifolium (DC.! 1. c. 492, excl. syn. Jacq.) ; stem herba-

ceous, erect, branched, striate, thinly tomentose ; leaves linear or lan-

ceolate-linear, remotely toothed or entire, with reflexed edges, more or

less ear-clasping at base, the younger cobwebby above, at length gla-

brate, smooth, or rarely scabrous, all white-woolly beneath; outer Inv.

se, taper-pointed, suberect, woolly externally ; achenes smooth.

Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege! Brakfontein, Eckl.! (Herb, D., Sd,, Hk.)

1-2 ft. high, straggling. Lys. 2-2} in. long, 2-41. wide, mostly clasping at

base, green above, white beneath, Like the narrow-leaved forms of V. semipapposum,

but less scabrous. DC. quotes Arct, angustifolia, Jacq. Sch. t, 168, as a synonym,

but that figure ill accords with our specimens. I have not seen the achenes, Some

of Drege’s distributed specimens (Hb. Hk.) have scabrous leaves !

3. V. macrospermum (DC. 1. c. 492); “stem herbaceous, erect,

branched, furrowed, tomentose in the furrows, scabrous-bristled along

the ridges in the lower part, smooth above; leaves somewhat ear-clasp-

ing, oblong, toothed, setulous-bristly above, cano-tomentose beneath,

3-nerved, the lower wider, tapering at base, upper nearly linear, with

revolute margins; pedicels tomentose ; outer inv. se. linear, erect, closely

pubescent ; achenes very smooth, 2 lines long.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Draakensteinberg, Drege. (Unknown to me).

4. V. discolor. (Less. Syn. 31); stem herbaceous, erect, with wide-

spreading, diffuse branches, furrowed, tomentose in the furrow, pilose

on the ridges; leaves long-petioled, ovate or subrotund, sinuate-toothed

or bluntly angle-lobed, scabro-pubescent above, albo-tomentose except

on the nerves beneath; petiole amply eared at base, and sometimes I~?

lobed in the middle; inv. campanulate, the outer scales setose, with

reflexed, subulate points; “ achenes somewhat cross-ridged.” (- DC.)

DC. 1. ¢. 492. Osteosp. perfoliatum, ex. pte., Th.! Herb. n.2. '

Has. Cape, Thunbery. Swellendam, Mundt.! Ecklon! Voormansbosch, Zey! 3008.

(Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Venidium.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 461

Root fibrous. Stem 1-1} ft. high, chiefly branched from near the base, the

branches spreading subhorizontally, 1-2 ft. long. Petioles 13-2} inches long ; lami-

na 1} in. long, about as broad, subcordate at base, angle-lobed or repand, green

above, white beneath. Heads small, or slender; pedunc. rather longer than the

leaves ; fl, yellow.

5. V. decurrens (Less.! Syn. 32); stem herbaceous, diffusely branch-

ed, tomentose, angular, minutely wing-ridged; leaves long petioled,

mostly lyrate, the terminal lobe ovate or subrotund, sinuate-lobed or

repand, at first cobwebbed, afterwards nude and punctate above, albo-

tomentose beneath ; lateral lobes small, sometimes obsolete, or altogether

wanting; petiole (except in var. 8.) amply eared at base, the ear decur-

rent along the stem; outer inv. sc. very woolly, erect, taper-pointed ;

achenes cross-ridged. DC. 1. c. 492; also V. canescens, DC./ 1. ¢. 493.

Arctotis micrantha, Th. / Herb.

Var. 8. calendulaceum; petioles not eared at base, or with a very small ear! V.

calendulacewm, Less.! Syn.! 32. DO. 1. c. 493.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Albany, Eckl./ Drege! Vanstaadensberg, Zey.! 3009, 3010.

i ee wre — Kaffraria, T. Cooper! 128, Plettenbergsbay, Pappe/ (Herb.

A diffuse, canescent, soft plant, 1-2 ft. long. Petioles 2-2} inches long. Late-

ral leaf-lobes often small or wanting; terminal 1} in. long, and broad. V. calendu-

laceum, Less., differs merely by the want of ear-lobes to the petiole; but in Dr.

Pappe’s specimen I find some leaves with ears, some wanting them, on the same

branch! Lessing described from garden specimens.

6. V. perfoliatum (Less. Syn. 30); stem herbaceous, slender, diffusely

branched from the base, striate, thinly tomentose and setose on the

striae; leaves long-petioled, not eared at base, ovate or subcordate,

repand, green and hispidulous above, cano-tomentose beneath; pedicels

slender, axillary, setulose, rather longer than the leaves; heads small, few-

flowered; inv. se. sub-biseriate, outer woolly, linear-oblong, erect; achenes

cross-wrinkle-striate. V. cinerariwm, DC./ l. c. 493. Osteosp. perfo-

liatum. No.1. Herb. Th.! Cap. 716.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Ataquaskloof, Drege! (Herb. Th. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem and branches 6—12 inches long, laxly leafy. Petioles 1-1} in. long; lamina

: in. long, 7 in. wide, thin and membranous, Heads 3 lines across, with very few

Owers,

7. V. spathuligerum (DC. 1.c.493); “stem suberect; petioles, pedicels,

involucres and the lower surfaces of leaves white-woolly ; leaves glabres-

cent above, their petioles not eared at base, lyrato-pinnatifid, the lobes

obtuse, subsinuate; pedicels longer than the leaves; outer inv. sc. leafy,

large, spathulate; achenes cross-wrinkled.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Near the Basche R., Caffraria, Drege! (Unknown to me.)

8. V. hispidulum (Less. Syn. 34, non DC.) ; stem diffusely branched,

herbaceous, furrow-striate, glabrescent or thinly cobwebbed; leaves

petioled, lyrato-pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, the lobes oblong, obtuse,

toothed, the wpper confluent, on both surfaces thinly and shortly scabro-

pubescent, the younger thinly canescent beneath; pedunc. slender,

scabrous ; outer inv. sc. ovate, acuminate, erect, scabrous; achenes

462 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Venidewm.

minutely cross-wrinkled, small. V. puberulum, DC.! 1. c. 493. Osteosp.

arctotoides, Th. Herb. fol. 1, nec 2.

Has. Cape, Thunberg. Betw. Los-Tafelberg and Zwartkey, Drege. Zwartkops

R., £.¢Z.! (Herb. Th. D., Sd.)

1-2-ft. high, much branched, weak-stemmed. Leaves 3-5 inches long. Petioles

mostly simple at base, rarely small-eared and clasping. Heads rather small, dark-

lined beneath.

9. V. arctotoides (Less.! Syn. 33); stem diffusely branched, herba-

ceous, striate, thinly white woolly; leaves petioled, lyrato-pinnatifid,

the lateral lobes few, oblong, obtuse, terminal large, ovate, coarsely

toothed or repand, the upper leaves ear-clasping at base, all thinly cob-

webbed and punctate, becoming nude above, more or less albo-tomentose

beneath; pedune. tomentose; outer inv. sc. ovate-lanceolate, obtusely

acuminate, woolly ; recept. honey-combed ; achenes finely cross-wrinkled.

DC... 493. Osteospermum arctotoides, Linn. f. Th.! Cap. 717, Herb.

gods

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Uitenhage, Z.§ Z.! Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber! near

Beaufort, 7’. Cooper! §56. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Of this I have seen 6 specimens, two from each of the collectors quoted ; of these

Thunberg’s are the most woolly, Cooper’s the least so, and H. § Z.’s nearly interme-

diate. The ears at the bases of the petioles are not constant; they are largest and

most frequent on the older plants, when the branches have more fully developed.

Stems 6-12 inches long, branching. Leaves 3-5 in. long, the terminal lobe 1 in.

wide. Heads small. Rays yellow, or pale.

10. V. erosum (Harv.); rootstock woody; stems short, tufted, leafy,

the fl.-branches shortly nude at the summit ; subradical and lower leaves

crowded, petioled, pinnatiparted, with a narrow rachis, lobes in several

pairs, very short and blunt, the lowermost subrotund, upper inciso-

lobulate, terminal small, all cobwebby-canescent on both sides, with

recurved margins ; cauline simple, sessile, lance-linear or subulate, entire

or the lowermost crenate ; pedunc. shorter than the leaves; outer inv.

sc. linear, blunt, cobwebby; achenes not seen.

Has. Bitterfonteyn, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

Only one specimen seen. Leaves 3-4 in. long, the rachis 1 1. wide; lobes in 6-8

pair, the lowest 1-2 1. long, upper 4-61. long, mostly 3-4-lobuled. Whole plant

with a whitish aspect, but the hairs are scanty and probably deciduous. Rays

yellow on both sides.

11. V. microcephalum (DC.! 1. c. 493); rootstock ligneous ; stem

branched from the base, the branches short, tufted, closely leafy ; leaves

green or greyish above, pubescent or punctate, beneath albo-tomentose,

crowded, petioled, lyrato-sinuate or pinnatifid, many lobed, the lobes

mostly blunt, subentire, the terminal not much larger, confluent ; petiole

not eared at base; pedicels longer or shorter than the leaves, tomentose;

outer inv. sc. woolly ; achenes cross-ridged.

Has. Nieuweveld and Hex R., Kloof, Drege! Queenstown, Cooper, 425. Buffalo

R., Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1014. (Herb. Sd., D.)

Stem very short, branches 1-2 in. long, or less. Leaves 3-5 in. long, green and

eith ly smooth or roughish above, white beneath, variably incised or sinuate-

swers yellow, of small size. 3 Specimen seems quite the same as Drege $;—

Gerr. § M‘K.,’s is slightly different, and may be distinct.

Venidium. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 463

12. V. hirsutum (Harv.); herbaceous, annual, the stem, branches,

petioles, peduncles and leaves (both surfaces) hairy with long, jointed,

spreading, soft hairs; stems diffuse, weak, hollow, simple or branched,

laxly leafy, the branches pedunculoid, one-headed ; radical leaves peti-

oled, obovate-oblong, more or less lyrate or sinuate, the terminal lobe

large, toothed or irregularly sinuate, the lateral small, narrow-oblong or

toothlike ; cauline lvs. ear-clasping, the lowermost petioled, the upper

sessile, small, oblong or linear ; outer inv. sc. in several rows, oblong,

obtuse, pilose, with recurved, short points ; achenes smooth, crowned

with a minute appressed, 8-crenate pappus. V. arctotoides, Hort. Hamb.

1853, nec Less. Are. calendulacea, Hb. Th.! No. 6%

Has. Near Capetown, Mundt.! At Greenpoint, W. H. H., Dr. Pappe! (Herb.

D., Hk., Sd.)

Nearly stemless when it begins to blossom; the stem afterwards lengthening by

successive lateral branches, and becoming 10-12 inches long or more. Radical lvs.

numerous, rosulate, 4-5 inches long, 1-13 in. wide, variably incised. Pubescence

very copious, especially on the young parts. Rays pale-yellow, concolourous. A

specimen in Hb. Sond., from Hamburg Bot. Gard., called V. arctotoides, evidently

belongs to this plant; its leaves, &c. are enlarged by cultivation, but the principal

characters preserved.

13. V. macrocephalum (DC. 1. c. 495); “annual; thinly sprinkled

with jointed hairs; stem erect, branched, terete, striate; cauline leaves

bluntly eared at base, half-clasping, pinnatifid, the lobes oblong, often

sinuate ; inv. scales nearly concrete at base into a disc, in many rows,

hairy, the outer linear ; achenes cross-ridged and tubercled.” DC. l. c.

Has. Betw. Kaus and the Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

14. V. aureum (DC.! 1. c. 494); stem short, erect, subsimple, one-

headed, pilose with long, spreading, jointed hairs, especially in the

upper part ; radical leaves numerous, lyrato-pinnatifid or pinnati-par-

tite, the lobes ovate, toothed, the uppermost confluent, all thinly cob-

webbed, subcanescent beneath, their petioles pilose with long, jointed

hairs ; cauline leaves sessile, pinnatifid, the uppermost stem-clasping,

subentire, linear-acuminate ; outer inv. scales linear-subulate, elongate,

pilose; achenes cross-ridged and tubercled.

Has. Betw. Zwartdoorn R. and Groen R., Little Namaqualand, Drege / (Hb. Hk.)

. Root slender, annual. Stem 4-6 inches high, its leaves depauperated upwards.

Rad. leaves 24-3 inches long, #-1 inch wide, pilose on the nerves beneath. Hairs

long, soft, spreading, glandular. ‘‘ Rays 9-10 1. long, yellow, without spot.” DC.

15. V. Wyleyi (Harv.) ; root fibrous, annual; stem subsimple or

branched from the base, erect, thinly cobwebbed, laxly leafy ; radical

leaves numerous, petioled, lyrato-pinnatifid, on both sides cobwebby-

tomentose, the lobes short, blunt, the terminal confluent ; lower cauline

leaves ear-clasping, petioled, oblong, subentire or sinuate, upper sessile,

linear-oblong, obtuse ; outer inv. se. hirsute, with linear, blunt points ;

achenes cross-ridged and tubercled.

Has. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D.)

Whole plant hoary, with long, interwoven, white hairs, not gland-hispid. Rad.

leaves 3-4 in. long, } in. wide, sinuate-pinnatifid, the lobes and sinuses very blunt.

Stem in our sp. 6-7 in. high, simple. Heads of large size, very showy; disc 1 inch

464 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Haplocarpha.

across, brownish-purple; rays 30 or more, 1-1} inch long, golden-yellow, with rich

brown bases, A very handsome species.

16. V. subacanle (DC. 1. c. 493); “annual; stem scarcely any ;

branches scarcely leafy at base, nude above, scapelike, pubescent, one-

headed ; leaves subradical, petioled, lyrate, subcanescent, the terminal

lobe larger, rameal lvs. irregularly pinnate-lobed ; outer inv. sc. linear,

spreading, inner scarious, very obtuse.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Betw. Hexriver and Bokkeveld, and near Holriver, Drege. (Unknown to me.)

A specimen from Drege, in Hb. Hook., under this name, in no respect agrees

with the above diagnosis ; I have named it V. fugax.

17. V. fugax (Harv.); root fibrous, annual; stem erect, simple, or

branched at base, laxly leafy, hispid, one-headed ; subradical and lower

leaves petioled, ovato-lanceolate, subacute, 3-nerved, repando-denticulate

or subentire, hispidulous on both sides, the youngest slightly cobwebbed

beneath ; upper cauline leaves oblong, stem-clasping, sessile, entire or

nearly so; outer iny. sc. taper-pointed, pilose ; achenes smooth (not

wrinkled), thinly glandular. V. subacaule, Drege! in Hb. Hk., non DC.

Has. Cape, Drege! (Herb. Hk., D.)

Stem 4-6 inches high, bearing 4-8 alternate leaves. Petioles of lower leaves

1-14 in. long ; lamina 14 in. long, } in. wide. Upper leaves scarcely uncial. Rays

yellow, with dark spots at base.

18, V. (Antrospermum) Kraussii (Sch. Bip.) ; “root annual ; stem

slender, furrow-striate, branched, cobwebby-pubescent, leafy to the

summit ; lower leaves long petioled, ovate, 3-nerved, sub-lyrate, thinly

tomentose beneath, rough above; medial amplexicaul, sessile, upper-

most cordate-amplexicaul, linear-lanceolate, entire; inv. campanulate,

se. pluriseriate, the outer linear, acute, hispid and cobwebby ; rays con-

colourous, yellow; achenes pubescent, crowned on the inner side with

5, Minute, rounded, close-pressed pappus scales.” Sch. Bip., in Walp.

hep. 6, p. 277, abbrev. V. hispidulum, DC., non Less., fide Sch. B.l. ¢

Has. Betw. Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, Krauss. (Unknown to me).

( Garden species, unknown to us.)

V. Schraderi (DC. 1. c. 494); “stemless, glandularly pilose; leaves

petioled, not eared at base, not decurrent, lyrato-pinnatipartite, lobes

on each side 4-6, ovate, repando-dentate, obtuse, green, on the nerves

beneath and beyond the nerves above hispid-scabrous ; pedune. as long

as leaves; achenes very smooth.” DC. 1. c.

Has. Raised from Cape Seeds, in Bot. Gard. Gittingen. (Unknown to us.)

CXXVII. HAPLOCARPHA, Less.

Heads radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, female ; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Recept. nude, flat. Inv. se. imbricate, pluriseriate, the outer acuminate,

the inner scarious. Filaments granulated! Achenes wingless, turbinate,

silky or glabrous with a tuft of silky, basal hairs. Pappus uniseriate,

of many narrow, tapering, very delicate, diaphanous, nerved scales.

DC. Prodr. 6, 494.

Haplocarpha. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 465

Stemless perennials, with a woody rhizome. Radical leaves numerous, short-

petioled, entire or lyrato-pinnatifid, albo-tomentose beneath. Scapes one-headed,

longer than the leaves. Cor. yellow. Name from amados, soft ; xapdos, a scale;

alluding to the pappus.

Leaves smooth above, lyrato-pinnatifid ; pappus tawny ... (1) lyrata.

Leaves scabrous above, oblong or obovate, subentire :

Papp. sc. tapering to a very slender, bristle-like point :

Pedune, 2-3 times longer than the lvs., hairy ; pap-

pum tawny «.2- 00.00 0..5 ME 8 ee

Pedune. many times longer than lvs., woolly ; pap-

PUB WHIEC i. esse key eas Goes a ue

Papp. sc. obtuse or subacute, not taper-pointed ... ... (4) lanata,

1. H. lyrata (Harv.) ; leaves smooth, at first cobwebbed, then gla-

brous above, albo-tomentose beneath, petioled, lyrato-pinnatifid (rarely

some entire), the terminal lobe large, ovate, the lateral in 2—3 pair,

shortly oblong or deltoid, blunt; pedunc. 2-3 times as long as the leaves,

tomentose; inv. sc. in several rows, more or less woolly, the outer taper-

pointed, subsquarrose, inner obtuse; achenes si/ky and with a silky

basal tuft; pappus-sc. tawny, tapering into a very slender, bristle-

shaped, scabrous point. <Arectotis adpressa, Eckl.! Herb. An Alloizonium

arctotudeum, Kze.? Linn. 7, 572+

Has. At Adow and near the Zwartkops R., E. g Z./ Zey.! 2995. Hassaqua’s KL,

Zey.! 3003. Albany, 7. Williamson! (Herb. D., Sd., Hi.)

Very near H. Thunbergii, but the leaves in the many specimens seen are lyrate,

with scarcely an odd exception, and smooth on the upper surface. Lvs. 3-6 in. long,

the terminal lobe }~-14 in. wide. Pedunc. 4-12 in. long. Ray-fi. from the dry plant

seem to have been red or purple, perhaps white or yellowish above ?

2. H. Thunbergii (Less.! Syn. 36); leaves scabrous above, white

woolly beneath, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base,

subpetiolate, subentire or crenaté; pedunc. 2-3 times longer than the

leaves, hirsute; inv. sc. in few rows, glabrous or thinly pubescent, the

outer ovato-lanceolate, acute ; achenes (young only seen) thinly pilose,

with a copious tuft of basal, silky hairs; pappus scales tawny, taper-

ing into a very slender, bristle-shaped point. <Arctotis lanata, Thunb. !

Cap. 708.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Closely resembling H. lanata, from which its taper-pointed pappus at once dis-

tinguishes it. Leaves, with their petioles 2-3 in. long, $-14 in. wide. Pedunc.

3-6 in. long, hairy with jointed, purple hairs, and subtomentose. I have only seen

the 3 specimens preserved in Hb. Thunb. The rays are seemingly whitish above,

and coppery-purplish beneath. :

3. H. scaposa (Harv.); leaves scabrous above, white-woolly beneath,

oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, tapering into a long, cuneate, thick-

tibbed base, subentire or repand ; pedunc. many times longer than the

lvs., striate, thickly-woolly; iny. sc. in several rows, more or less woolly,

all linear or linear-oblong, obtuse, especially the outer ones; achenes quite

glabrous, with a copious tuft of basal, silky hairs; pappus-sc. white,

tapering into a very slender, hair-like point. H. Thunbergii, DC.! 1. c.

494, non Less.

Has. Throughout the Eastern districts, and in Kaffraria and Natal, common.

Gauritz R., Burchell. Ceded Terr. E. § Z./ Katriver, Drege’ H. Hutton! Wolvekop

VoL. II. 30

466 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [Landtia.

and Magalisberg, Burke § Zey.! Zey./ 962. Winterberg, Mrs. F. W. Barber! 531. _

Old Ant Hills, Featherston’s Kl. P. McOwan, 117. Bigarsberg, Gerr. § MeK, 1041.

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Much larger than H. Thunbergii, with greatly longer peduncles and a very different

involucre. Leaves 3-10 in. long, 13-4 in. wide. Pedunc. 12~18 in. long, even where

the leaves are but 3-4in. Heads 2 in. across, with many long, yellow, concolourous

rays,

4, H. lanata (Less.! Linn. 6, 90); leaves scabrous above, white-woolly

beneath, oblong or obovate, acute or obtuse, tapering to the base, sub-

petiolate, subentire or crenate ; pedunc. 2-3 times longer than leaves,

hirsute ; outer inv. sc. lanceolate, hairy; achenes silky over the whole

surface; pappus-scales lance-linear, obtuse or subacute, but not taper-

pointed. Less. Syn. p. 36. H. Lessingit, DC. 1. c. 494.

Has. Platteklip, on Table Mt. Cape, Bergius, E. § Z./ Zey./ 966. (Hb. Sd., Hk.)

Rootstock thick and woody. ‘Leaves radical, 2~3 inches long, 3-1} in. wide, very

white beneath, thickish. Pedunc. 2-6 inches high. Rays white above, dark purple

beneath. £. § Z.’s specimens were confounded by DC. with Arctotis acaulis, var. B;

besides the generic characters, they are easily known from that species by the invol.

CXXVIII. LANDTIA, Less.

Heads radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, female ; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Recept. nude, flat. nv. sc. imbricate in few rows, many-nerved, the

outer acuminate, inner scarious, obtuse. Filaments smooth! Achenes

wingless, 4-sided, sulcate, hairy at base. Pappus uniseriate, of many

delicate, diaphanous, nerveless, obtuse scales. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 494-

Stemless perennials, with the habit of Haplocarpha (from which genus this chiefly

differs by its smooth filaments), Scapes shorter than the leaves. Name in honour of

Rev. M. Landt, who wrote on the Nat, Hist. of the Faroe Islands.

Upper surface of leaves and nerves beneath hirsute ... ... (4) hirsuta.

Upper surface of leaves and nerves beneath quite glabrous... (2) nervosa.

1. L. hirsuta (Less. Syn. 37); leaves hirsute, with jointed hairs above

white-woolly beneath, and hirsute on the nerves; outer inv. sc. pilose

DO. 1. ¢. 495. Also Arctotis echinata, DC.! l.c. 486. Landtia media,.

Drege! in Hb. Hk.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Caffirland, Z.¢@Z.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Leaves radical, tapering at base into a petiole, elliptic-oblong, irregularly toothed,

repand or subruncinate, the teeth mucronate, green and very hairy above ; penni-

nerved, with woolly interspaces beneath, 4-6 inches long, 14-24 in. wide. Pedune.

hirsute, much shorter than leaves. Heads small, few-fl.; outer iny. se. lanceolate-

acuminate, hirsute ; inner glabrous, obtuse. Rays yellow.

2. L. nervosa (Less. Syn. 38); leaves quite glabrous and smooth

above, thinly tomentose-canous beneath and smooth on the nerves ;

outer iny. se. glabrous. DC. l. c. 495. Also L. media, DC./1.¢. Per-

dicium nervosum, Th. Cap. 689. Leria nervosa, Spr.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Cape, Mundt! Katberg, E. § Z., Drege? (Hb. Hk., 84.)

Similar to the last, except in pubescence ; very distinct-looking, but perhaps ®

mere local var.

‘ : CXXIX. ARCTOTHECA, Wendl.

Heads radiate; ray-ft. ligulate, neuter; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Cryptostemma. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 467

Recept. honey-combed, fimbrilliferous. nv. scales imbricate in many

rows, the outer linear, foliaceous, inner larger, scarious, very obtuse.

Filaments papillose !_ Achenes ovate, somewhat 4-sided, without wings

or pappus. DC. Prod. 6, p. 495.

_A caulescent, perennial, creeping or decumbent herb. Leaves petioled, lyrato-

pinnatifid, green and mostly smooth above, white-woolly beneath. Pedicels axil-

lary, t-headed. Fl. yellow. Name from apxros, a bear, and @nxa, a receptacle ?

1. A. repens (Wendl. Hort. Herrenh, p. 8, t. 6). R. Br. Hort. Kew.

ed. 2, vol. 5, p.14t. Less. Syn. p. 35. DC.1. c. 495. Arctotis repens,

Jacqy. Schoenbr. t. 306. A. interrupta, Th.! Cap. 708.

Var. 8, grandiflora; achenes puberulous ; leaves and fl. larger. A. grandiflor

Schrad.! ‘DO. 1. ¢. 495. 5 ) : ba

Has. About Capetown and in the W. districts, common. 8, raised from Cape

seeds in Bot. Gard., Goett., Schrader! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems prostrate, rooting at intervals. Lys. 4-8 inches long, pinnatisect, the lat.

lobes in -8 pair, acute, toothed, terminal larger. Pedunc. 3-12 in. long, according

to soil ; varies much in size. B, of which I have seen an authentic specimen in

Herb. Sond., is merely a garden variety. Without examining the fruit, this may

readily be confounded with Cryptostemma.

CXXX. CRYPTOSTEMMA, R. Br.

Heads radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, neuter, often cleft or irregularly cut,

or biligulate ; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect. Recept. honeycombed. Jnvol.

scales in many rows, imbricated, the outer narrow, herbaceous; inner

membranous, obtuse. Filaments scabrous. Ach. wingless, very thickly

clothed with long, silkly, soft hairs. Pappus uniseriate, paleaceous,

scarious, hidden among the hairs of the achene. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 495.

Stemless or caulescent herbs, more or less tomentose. Leaves very variable in

size and incision, lyrato-pinnatifid, runcinate, or rarely undivided. Rays yellow ;

disc dark-coloured. Name from xpumre, to hide, and oreupa, a crown; alluding to

the hidden pappus.

Leaves lyrate or runcinate, scabrous above ; lobes toothed (1) calendulaceum.

Lys. pinnati-partite, glabr. above, lobes linear-

entire, with revolute margins... ... ... ... -.. «-. (2) Forbesianum.

1, C. calendulaceum (R. Br. Hort. Kew. 2, Vol. 5, p. 141); stemless

or caulescent ; leaves scabrous above, hoary beneath, lyrate or runcinate,

the lateral lobes variously cut or toothed, margins flat. ess. Syn. 39.

DC. 1. c. 495. Arctotis calendulacea, Willd. Th.! Cap. 709. Jacq.

Schoenbr. t. 157.

Var. a, verum; rays entire, or 2-3-toothed. A. calend. R. Br! l.c. Bot. Mag.

t, 2252.

. B. hypochondriacum; rays deeply 3-5 cleft; lvs. lyrate-tomentose or cob-

eiiak pl agp smear one os ea R. Brel . 0. U. €. ae Ae hy pochondriaca,

A. tristis, A. corruscans, and A, superba, Linn.

Van. y. runcinatum; rays 3-5 parted ; lvs. runcinate, tomentose beneath. Crypt.

runcinatum, R. Br.l.e. DC. tl. ¢. 496.

Has. Roadsides and waste places throughout the Colony, very common. (Hb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ; 3

Extremely variable in habit; sometimes stemless, with rosulate radical leaves and

scape-like pedunc. ; sometimes prostrate or creeping, with exactly the aspect of Arcto-

theca repens; or erect, branched, 1-2 ft. high, like some Arctotis. Leaves as variable

30*

468 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [| Microstephiwm.

in cutting and pubescence ; all degrees of lyrate or pinnatifid, sometimes sinuate or

entire ; either green above and white woolled beneath, or equally tomentose on both

sides. The most constant character by which to recognize this Proteus is the achenes,

which when ripe are hidden in their very thick coat of silky wool ; but alas! I have

found (Herb. Hk.!), in the same head, perfectly glabrous fruits mixed with woolly

ones!! But for their pappus, such resemble the achenes of Arctotheca.

2. C. Forbesianum (Harv.); stemless ; leaves quite glabrous above,

snow-white beneath, pinnatipartite (some simple), the lobes linear-lan-

ceolate, quite entire, with revolute margins, some with an accessory

lobule at base. Gazania Forbesiana, DC. 1. c. 508.

ope Oe Forbes. Betw. Zwarteberg and R. Zondereinde, Zey.! 3016. (Herb.

» Sd.)

Crown of root } in. diam., emitting many strong, simple roots. Leaves all radical,

on long petioles, 3-5 inches long. Leaflobes }-} in. long, 1 L wide, sometimes all

quite simple, sometimes almost all with an accessory, basal lobule. Scapes about

as long as the leaves. Inv. sc. 3-4 seriate, glabrous, the outer ovate-oblong, with

a short linear appendage, the inner scarious, very obtuse. Filaments of stamens

scabrous! A very distinct species, with the foliage of a Gazania, but all the generic

characters of a Cryptostemma,

Doubtful Species.

Gazania subbipinnata (DC. 1. c. 508) ; “ erown of root woody; rad.

leaves ‘long-petioled, glabrous above, cano-tomentose beneath, pinnati-

sect, the segments remote, narrow, some linear, quite entire, some sinuate

or pinnatipartite, with quite entire margins; scape not longer than the

leaves, tomentose above; inv. campanulate, with scarcely any tube, the

scales free nearly to the base, the outer acute, inner obtuse.” DC. /.¢.

Has. Knakerberg, at foot of hills, under 1000 f., Drege. (Onknown to us.)

By description this seems scarcely different from C. Forbesianwm.

CXXXI. MICROSTEPHIUM, Less.

Heads radiate; ray-fl. ligulate, neuter; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Recept. slightly honey-combed. Jnv. sc. pluriseriate, imbricate, unarmed,

the inner membrane-edged. Filaments scabrous. Achenes wingless,

tomentose. Pappus uniseriate, crown-like, crenate, callous at base,

membranous at the apex, after flowering turned inwards. DC. Prodr.

6, p. 496.

A decumbent or creeping, branched herb, white-woolly in most parts. Leaves

long petioled, roundish ovate, repand. Pedunc, 1-headed. Flowers yellow, not

showy. Name from pixpos, small, and oredos, a crown; the crown-like pappus.

1. M. niveum (Less. Syn. 55); DC. 7. ¢. 496. Osteospermum mveum,

Linn. f. Th.! Cap. 716. Arctotis populifolia, Berg. Cap. 323 ?

Has. Sandy sea shores and places near the sea, from Capetown to Natal.

Thunberg! Mundt.! E. § Z.1 W. H. H., Natal, T. W., Gueinzius! Sanderson, 597-

Gerr.§ M‘K., 352. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem herbaceous, robust, decumbent or prostrate, branching, 1-2 ft. long. All

parts clothed with thick, close-lying, very white woolliness, the leaves in age becom-

ing nude above. Leaves on long petioles, ovate, cordate or subrotund, many-nerv ed,

obtuse, entire or repand. Pedunc. often bifid, each branch bearing a head, axillary-

Inv. very woolly. Flowers yellow, not very conspicuous.

Gorteria. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 469

CXXXIL HETEROLEPIS, Cass.

Heads radiate; ray-fl. female, ligulate; dise-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Recept. honeycombed, villous in the middle. Inv. se. free, in 2-3 rows,

the outer lanceolate-acuminate, dorsally woolly; inner longer, oval,

with a membranous, fringed apex. Ray-flower with a very minute,

cirrhiform inner lobe; the outer ample, 4-toothed. Filaments smooth.

Anthers shortly tailed. Style smooth, bifid; more deeply in the ray-fl.

Achenes very villous, oblong. Pappus of 15-20 thick, closely barbed,

unequal bristles, in two rows; the 10 inner ones longer. DC. Prodr.

6, 496.

Suffrutices ; the younger branches woolly. Leaves crowded, sessile, linear, rigid,

glabrous above, tomentose beneath, the margins revolute. Heads terminal, solitary.

Cor. yellow. Name from erepos, different, and Aems, a scale; the inv. is of two

sorts of scales.

Leaves with strongly revolute margins:

Lys. crowded nearly to the tops of the branches ;

PONUnG. ANONG os se se .. - (1). decipiens.

Lys. laxly set; pedunc. very long (6-10 inches)... (2) peduncularis.

Leaves quite flat, midnerved, glutinous na esis (3) miitis.

1. H. decipiens (Cass.); branches crowded with leaves nearly to the

summit, ending in a short peduncle ; leaves linear with revolute margins,

subentire or here and there denticulate. Less. Syn. 58. DC. 1. ¢. 497.

Oedera aliena, Linn. f. Jacq. Schoenbr.t. 154. Leyssera arctotoides, Th. !

Cap. 691.

Has. In the Karroo, Thunb.! Gordon’s Slakte, Mundt. Tulbagh’s K1., French

Hoek, and in Hott. Holl, £.Z./ Winterhoeksberg, Pappe! Stellenbosch Mt., W.H.H.

Gr. Howhoek, Zey.! 3017, (977). (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A much branched, densely leafy bush, 1-2-ft. high. Leaves 1-1} in. long, 1 line

wide, acute, the younger canous, older glabrate. Pedune. scabrous, 4-3 in. long.

Heads large and showy; rays many, long, bright golden yellow.

2. H. peduncularis (DC.! 1. c. 497); branches leafy below, ending in

very long peduncles; leaves laxly set, linear, with revolute margins,

quite entire.

Has. Cape, Burchell, 6828. Zwellendam, £.é Z.! Mundt.! Buffeljagds R., Zey.!

3300. Genadendahl, Dr. Prior! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A half shrub, variably tomentose, 1-1} feet high. Leaves much less closely set

than in H. decipiens, but otherwise similar. Pedunc. 6-10 in. long, scabrous.

8. H. mitis (DC.! 1c. 497); branches leafy nearly to the summit ;

leaves linear, flat, nerved, viscidulous. Gorteria mitis, Burm. Prodr.

p. 28, fide DC. Burm. Afr. t. 54, f. 2.

Has. Zondags R. & Zuureberg, Drege. (Herb. Sond.) — :

Leaves crowded, quite flat! Heads smaller than in H. decipiens, with shorter rays,

and less membr. inner inv. sc. Outer pappus very short.

CXXXIII. GORTERIA, Gaertn.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous; ray-fi. ligulate, neuter ; disc-jl. very

sharply 5-toothed, some of the marginal ones fertile, having a bifid

style and abortive stamens ; the central ones sterile, with simple style

and perfect stamens. nv. sc. pluriseriate, concrete into an urceolate, at

470 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Gorterva.

length closed, tube, the apices linear-subulate, free, at length squarrose.

Recept. slightly honeycombed or nude. f%l.smooth. Achenes obovate-

3-angled, narrowed at base, barbed at the apex, otherwise subglabrous,

surmounted by a short, crownlike pappus; outer skin of the achene

membranous, easily peeling off. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 500.

Hispid annuals; the seed germinating in the closed involucre, which remains like

a bulb, through which the fibrous root pierces. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed,

scabrous above and bristly, white beneath, one-nerved. Heads solitary or subcorym-

bose, ending the branches. Fl. yellow.—Name in honour of David Gorter, a Dutch

botanist and author of a Flora Belgica.

Rays linear, just equalling the involucre ze (2) personata,

Rays linear or linear-oblong, longer than the inv. (3) diffusa.

Stem erect, sparsely setose, corymbose; heads crowded,

corymbose, bracteated ; rays twice as long asinv. ... ... (4) corymbosa.

1. G. calendulacea (DC.! 1. ¢. 501); stems diffuse, hispid ; leaves

entire, spathulate, closely setose above ; rays broadly obovate, obtuse,

minutely denticulate, scarcely equalling the inyolucre. ;

Has. Betw. the Paarl and Paardeberg; also on the Lion Mt., Capetown, Drege!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.).

; Dalz. known from @. diffusa by its very broad, short, blunt rays. It has similar

inv. scales.

2. G. personata (Linn. Sp. 1283); stems diffuse, hispid ; lower leaves

tapering into a petiole, entire, toothed or pinnatifid, cauline sessile, ob-

long, entire or toothed; inv. sc. needle-shaped, round-backed, ciliate at

base only; rays linear, not longer than the inv. Th./ Cap. 698. Less.

Syn. 51. DC.l.¢. 501. Jacq. Coll. 4, t. 21, f.1. Pluk. phyt. t. 273, f. 6.

Has. Sandy ground round Capetown and in the Western districts. (Herb. Th.

D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 3-6in. long. Rad. leaves 2-4 in. long, 4-5 1. wide above, tapering greatly

to the base, hispid above, white beneath. Heads 3-41, diam., inv. sc. after Howering

very rigid and pungent, spreading widely.

3. G. diffusa (Thunb.! Cap. 697); stems diffuse, hispid ; lower leaves

tapering into a petiole, entire, toothed or pinnatifid, cauline sessile, en-

tire or toothed ; inv. sc. narrow-subulate, mostly mid-ribbed or needle-

shaped, copiously ciliate ; rays longer than the involucre. Less. Syn. 52-

DC. 1. ¢. 501.

Van. 8, intermedia; leaves entire; rays linear-oblong, narrowed at base, rather

longer than the involucre. @, afinis, DC.t.c. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Has. Western districts, Cape, Thunb.! Caledon, E. § Z.! Riv. Zondereinde, Zey./

3018. 8. Namaqualand, Drege/ A. Wyley!

_Very similar to G. personata, but with longer rays, and much more copiously

ciliate, usually broader inv. scales, . has shorter rays, but longer than in @. per

sonata; in Mr. Wyley’s specimens nearly or quite as long as in normal @. diffusa.

4. G. corymbosa (DC.! Lc. 501); stem erect, very sparsely setose,

pale, corymbosely branched ; cauline leaves roughly echinato-setose

above and on the nerve beneath, lin.-spathulate, entire ; heads crowded,

subcorymbose, bracteate; involuere copiously clothed with long, white,

Gazania.} COMPOSIT (Harv.) 471

straight hairs, the inner se. ciliate with the same; rays twice as long as

the involucre.

Has. Near the Gariep, Drege’ Namaqualand, A.Wyley/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high, fistular. Radical leaves not seen ; cauline 14-24 inches long,

3-4 lines wide, very bristly. Rays beneath green in the middle, with a yellow

border ; above yellow. White hairs of invol, very conspicuous, 2-3 lines long.

CXXXIV. GAZANTIA, Gaertn.

Heads radiate; ray-fl. ligulate, neuter ; dise-fl. 5-toothed, perfect.

Recept. honeycombed, the cells shallow. nv. sc. in 2 or several rows,

concrete below into an urceolate cup, toothed round the apex. F%.

smooth. Achenes wingless, very villous. Pappus biseriate, of very

delicate, scarious, toothed scales, often hidden in the wool of the achene.

DC. Prodr, 6, p. 508.

Herbaceous, mostly perennial, rarely annual plants, stemless or caulescent. Lys,

either crowded at the crown of the root, or scattered along the stem, variable in

shape on the same plant, Pedunc. nude, t-headed. Heads frequently of large size,

and very showy; the rays yellow or orange, dark brown or reflecting peacock-colours

at base ; dise-fl. dark. Name said to be from ya(a, riches, from the brightness of

the flowers. The species are extremely variable and difficult to define ; I have re-

jected several that seem to me to be insufficiently defined ; perhaps further evidence

may alter the limits of several here retained.

A. Perennial, caulescent and branching ; branches alternately leafy :—

Inv. woolly ; fl.-heads small ; rays yellow, not spotted (1) uniflora.

Inv. glabrous; fi.-heads large; rays orange, eye-spotted

GE RB 5c. ogee ene. eyes vip Seek jose rte ee cee Ae PE

B. Perennial, stemless or nearly so ; rootstock woody, simple or multifid; leaves

radical or tufted at the ends of the short branches :

Leaves quite glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous ... (3) Othonnites.

Leaves glabrous, smooth or rough with hard points on

the upper, hoary on the under surface :

Tny. sc. as long as the tube or longer, very much acuminate:

_ Inv. truncate and ringed above the conical base :

Lys. linear-subulate, ciliate at base; ped.

pilose... 1. see eevee vee see (4) Stebullata.

Lys. lin.-lanceolate or pinnatisect ; ped.

long, glabrous... ... ... ... + — (§) longiscapa.

Inv. subtruncate, not ringed ; pedunce. hairy ;

Ivs. pinnate ... -.. -. ese cee see coe (12) pinmata, y.

Inv. se. shorter than the tube, the inner acute or acuminate:

Leaf-lobes spinous-mucronate or bristle-pointed :

Dwarf; leaf-lobes linear, spinous-mucronate (6) jurinesfolia.

Leaf-lobes lanceolate, tipped with a long

Pew ns bje 10nd “paw ee Smeg s(i ody (9) SEROTORRER.

Leaf-lobes not conspicuously mucronate :

Lé-lobes scaberulous above, obovate or

oblong, serrulate ; pedunc. as long as :

leaves, or longer ... (8) varians.

Leaf-lobes linear, acute, spinoso-ciliate ;

outer inv. scales linear-filiform, medial

deltoid, inner semi-lanceolate ... ... (g) oxyloba.

Lf£.-lobes (few) linear, acute ; lvs. mostly

linear-lanceolate, ciliato-serrulate ; inv.

sc. semi-lanceol., acuminate, the outer

anhbe SS ets gos 0) ervalata.

472 coMposITz (Harv.) [Gazania.

Lf£.-lobes few, oblong, decurrent, not ser-

rulate; pedune. shorter than leaves (11) Krebsiana.

Inv. scales much shorter than the tube, the inner

obtuse or subobtuse :

Lvs. mostly pinnate, the lobes short, obovate,

cartilagineo-serrulate ; inv, few-flowered (14) arctotoides.

Lvs. either spathulate or pinnatifid, with linear

segments ; margin callous-ciliate ... ... (15) longifolia.

Leaves either narrow-linear or pinnatifid, the

lobes narrow, short ... ... ... ... «-. (16) leptophylla.

Leaves tomentose or cobwebbed on the upper, hoary on

the lower surface :

Lys. pinnatisect, lobes short, linear, blunt, chan-

ee tes te vee (20) DVOR.

Lys. pinnatisect, lobes obovate or oblong, scaberu-

eer ee ee ie a ee” (8) varians,

Lys. all narrow-linear, obtuse, channelled ... ... (21) canescens.

Leaves hispid or roughly hairy above, hoary beneath :

Tny. se. much acuminate, especially the inner :

Lys. commonly pinnate (some simple) lobes oblong

or linear in several pairs ; pedunc. longer than

JWG Fo cee ere cost gee ae ee ee ees

Lys. lanceolate or pinnatifid; pedunc. short (11) Krebsiana.

Lys. obovate, obtuse, sublyrate or pinnatisect,

the margin toward the base ciliate with long

bristles (17) heterocheta.

Lvs. mostly linear, with strongly revolute mar- i

gins, tipped with a rigid bristle ... --- (19) armerioides.

Inv. sc. short, the inner broad, acute or subacute (not acuminate):

Lys. mostly pinnate or sub-bipinnate, fi. heads

, rays orange, eye-spotted at base ... (13) Pavonia.

Leaves spathulate, dwarf ; heads small; rays ne

white, purplish beneath ... ... ... «.. (18) Dygmea. -

C, Annuals ; stems diffuse, leafy ; :

Invol. glabrous, truncate at base :

Lys. obovate-spathulate, subentire, cobwebby, ser-

rato-ciliate, mucronate Pe ee ee ee

Lys. mostly pinnatisect, lobes narrow-linear, entire,

scaberulous above... ... ... ... «+ ++» (23) tenuifolia.

Inv. hispid, obovate : leaves very scabrous, pinnatisect,

with linear setoso-mucronate lobes, and ciliate petioles (24) Burchellii.

(22) Lichtensteinii.

1, G, uniflora (Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 2270); stem suffruticose at base,

diffuse or ascending, leaves tapering at base into a petiole, oblongo-

obovate or spathulate, obtuse, smooth and glabrous (or cobwebbed)

above, white-woolly save the midrib beneath, some quite entire and

simple, some deeply 3-lobed, some pinnately 5-7 lobed/, the margins

revolute; pedunc. not much longer than the leaves, glabrous or woolly;

inv. obovate campanulate, obtuse or truncate at base, variably tomen-

tose, lobes biseriate, short, the outer linear, obtuse, inner acuminate.

Less.! Syn. 4. Lodg. Bot. Cab. 795. DOC. 1. c. 512. Gorteria uniflora,

Linn. f. Th.! Cap. 698.

Var. 8. leucolena ; more woolly than usual ; some leaves 3-lobed. @. leucolena,

DC. I. ¢. 509.

Vak. y. pinnata; many of the lower leaves pinnately 5-7 lobed !

Has. Sandy ground near the Coast. Zeeko R., Thunberg! Plettenberg Bay-

Mundt and Maire, sandhills on sea shore, Uit., E. ¢ Z.! Natal, Drege! T. W.! San-

dersom, 54%. Gerr. and M’K., 351. 8. Mossel Bay, Burchell, 6233. Algoa Bay,

‘Gazania.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 473

Drege! Mouth of Zwartkops R., with a, Zey! 3013. ‘y. Mth. of Zwartkops, Zey./

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems spreading to 4-12 inches or more from a centre ; leaves very inconstant in

form ; frequently ald the leaves are quite simple ; in other specimens some leaves

are deeply 3-lobed, the rest simple ; and in our var y., which grows intermixed

with the other varieties, the upper leaves are quite simple, the lower either 3-lobed

or pinnately 5-7 lobed, all on the, same branch! In Herb. Th. both a and B

occur. The woolliness varies greatly ; sometimes the whole plant is snowy white ;

sometimes the whiteness is confined to the under sides of the leaves. Heads rather

small ; fl. yellow, not spotted.

2. G. rigens (R. Br. 1. c.); stems short, densely leafy, or diffuse,

laxly leafy with ascending branches; leaves petioled, either entire and

spathulate, or sparingly pinnatifid, green and glabrous above, white

beneath, except the midrib ; pedune. glabrous, mostly longer than the

leaves ; inv. glabrous, campanulate, sc. 3-4-seriate, the outer linear,

acute, medial and inner semilanceolate, innermost with narrow membr.

margins, subacute. Less. Syn. 47. DC.l.c. 510. Gorteria rigens, Linn.

Sp. 1214, non. Th. Bot. Mag. t. go. Mill. Ie. 1. t. 49.

Has. Cult. in Europe ; wild plant unknown to us, (v. v. cult.)

Stems many from the crown, 6-12 in. long, spreading on the ground. Leaves

4-5 in. long, mostly entire, oblongo-spathulate, obtuse, tapering much at base, 5-6

1. wide in the broadest part, with reflexed edges. Pedunc. 4-8 in. long, incurved.

Heads large and showy ; rays 14 in. long, orange, with a black, eye-spotted spot at

base. A common border and “bedding” plant in English gardens, requiring pro-

tection in winter.

3. G. Othonnites (Less.! Syn. 45); rhizome multifid; subradical

leaves crowded, clasping at base, petioled, quite glabrous on both sides,

glaucous, some simple, linear or lanceolate, some deeply pinnatifid, with

linear-oblong, erecto-patent, acute lobes, all along the petiole and mar-

gin of leaf and lobes spinoso-ciliate, the apices of leaf and of lobes with

an entire (not ciliate) cartilaginous margin, mucronate ; pedune. glabrous,

longer than the leaves; invol. glabrous, turbinate, truncate and intruse

at base, lobes 2-3 seriate, the outer deltoid, acute, inner ovato-semi-

lanceolate-acuminate ; pappus-sc. long, tapering. DC.l. c. 510. Also

G. intrusa, E. Mey.! DC. l. ¢. 511. Gorteria Othonnites, Th.! Cap. 699.

Has. Verlooren Valley and Roggeveld, Thunberg! Little Namaqualand, Drege/

V. Schlicht! A. Wyley! (Herb. Th., D.,,Hk., Sd.)

Rootstocks thick and woody, sometimes projecting 2-3 inches above the soil.

Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-3 1. wide. Pedunc. 2-8 in. long. All parts glabrous

and glaucous. Drege’s specimens quite agree with Thunberg’s.

4, G. subulata (R. Br.) ; collum woody, multifid ; leaves subradical,

numerous, glabrous and furrowed above, albo-tomentose beneath (the

toment hidden under the margin), rigidly ciliate in the lower part,

either all linear-subulate with strongly revolute margins, or some pin-

natisect with narrow linear lobes; pedune. robust, sparsely pilose ; inv.

glabrous, truncate and ridged above the conical base ; lobes all linear-

subulate, much acuminate, the outer ciliate. Less./ Syn. 42. DC. 1. c.

12. Gorteria linearis, Th.! Cap. 697.

Has. Langekloof, Thunb./ Elandsriviersberge, Z. § 2! Betw. Vanstaadensberg

and Bethelsdorp, and near Onzer, on a stony mountain cliff, Drege’ (Herb. Th.,

Hk., Sd.)

474 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Gazania.

Stems 1-1} in. long, densely leafy. Leaves 4-6 in. long, about 1 line wide, pale,

mucronate, quite glabrous. Pedunc. 10-12 in. long, 141. diam., hollow. Lobes of

invol. uncial, much longer than the tube.

5. G. longiscapa (DC. 1. c. 513); collum divided ; subradical leaves

petioled, either quite glabrous or sparsely hispidulous above, white-

woolly except the nerve beneath, some lanceolate-acuminate [or “elliptic

oblong,” DC.| undivided, others pinnatisect, with linear-lanceolate acute

lobes, all with the margins reflexed, cartilagineo-ciliate ; pedunce. gla-

brous, longer than the leaves; inv. glabrous, truncate at base, obovoid,

the lobes linear-subulate, bi-triseriate, longer than the tube, much

acuminate, the outer ciliate.

Var. 8. ovalis; Ivs. long-petioled, elliptical or oblong, obtuse at both ends, 2-24

in. long, 1-14 in. wide. (Herb. Hk.)

Has. Betw. Vanstaadensberg and Bethelsdorp, Drege. Port Elizabeth, Dr.

Pappe! Albany, 7. W. near Grahamstown, P. MacOwan, 150. Natal, M. J. McKen

in litt, Var. B. Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Except in foliage, which is very variable, and in the glabrous peduncle, this scarcely

differs from G, subulata, I do not however find the petiole rigidly ciliate as in that

species. Mr. McKen’s specimen has very narrow leaves, almost like those of @.

subulata ; he tells me that the Kaffir name is ‘ Bensli,’ and that the small fringe

which constitutes the dress of the young girls is made from the under surface of the

leaves, scraped off.

6. G. jurineefolia (DC.! 1. c. 511); very dwarf; rootstock ligneous;

subradical leaves petioled, pinnatipartite, the lobes linear, spinoso-mu-

cronate, entire or 1-2-lobuled on the lower margin, glabrous and either

smooth or scabrid above, white except the nerve beneath, with revolute

margins; petiole rigidly ciliate; pedunc. glabrous, short; inv. glabrous,

oval, rounded or truncate at base, its lobes 3-seriate, short, ovato-semi-

lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, the outer ciliolate or fringed at margin.

Has. Zeekoe R., Drege! Queenstown flats, in dry, stony places, Mrs. PF. W.

Barber! 638. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Rootstock simple or divided, slender, Leaves “ lying flat upon the ground”

(M. £. B.), 1-2 in. long, fully half the length occupied by petiole ; lobes in 2-5

pairs, close or subdistant, in the stronger specimens again lobuled. Pedune. mostly

shorter than the leaves. ‘‘ Rays white; disc yellow” (M. £. B.)

7. G. mucronata (DC. 1. c. 513); “crown woody, multifid; radical

leaves petioled, glabrous above, cano-tomentose beneath, some entire,

the majority pinnatisect, the lobes few, lanceolate, tipped with a long

bristle ; petiole here and there ciliate ; pedunc. glabrous, twice as long

as the leaves; inv. ovate, subtruncate at base, glabrous, the lobes

3-ranked, acuminate, shorter than the tube.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Camiesberg, Drege. (Unknown to us).

Said to be allied to G. jurineefolia. DC. l. c. also refers to “ G. rigens” Eckl. ;

but a specimen (Hb. Sond.) so named by Ecklon, belongs to G. pinnata, Less-

** Rays 10 1. long, brown spotted at base.”

8. G. varians (DC.! 1. c. 513); crown woody, multifid; subradical

leaves petioled, flexuous, at first thinly cobwebbed, afterwards glabrous,

but scaberulous above, beneath save on the nerve white-woolly, some

undivided, oblongo- or lineari-lanceolate, the majority pinnatisect, the

Gazania.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 475

lobes in 1~3-5-pair, obovate or oblong, mucronate or pointless, the

margin serrulate, strongly revolute; pedunce. as long as leaves or longer ;

inv. campanulate or turbinate, subtruncate at base, lobes 2-3-seriate,

variable in length, the outer linear, acute, herbaceous, long or short,

inner varying from ovate-acute to lanceolate-acuminate. G. humilis,

E. M.! DC. t. ¢ 513.

Has. Little Namaqualand and Olifant’s R., and Nieuweveld, Beaufort, Drege/

Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

The young plant looks quite hoary ; even the old is pale and glaucescent. Leaves

3-4 in. long, in all that I have seen scaberulous with minute, sharp points, In

Drege’s specimen (Hb. Hk.) the outer and inner inv. sc. are equal, as described by

DC. and about 3 as long as the inv., the inner being semilanceolate ; in Mr. Wyley’s

(Hb. D.) which otherwise agrees, the outer are much shorter, and the inner ovate-

acute, not $ aslongasinv. In G. Aumilis, E. M., undoubtedly the same sp., the

outer sc, are very short ; the inner exactly as in Drege’s ‘ G. varians.’

9. G. oxyloba (DC.! 1. c. 5 2) ; crown woody, multifid ; subradical

leaves above glabrous or minutely scaberulous, beneath, save the nerve,

albo-tomentose, leathery, some linear-lanceolate, acute, tapering at base,

quite entire, some pinnatisect above the middle, the lobes linear, acute,

2-4 pair, the margins of all reflexed and spinoso-ciliate ; pedune. gla-

brous, about equalling the leaves ; inv. cylindr., subtruncate at base, -

glabrous, the scales pluriseriate, the outer herbaceous, linear-filiform,

the medial deltoid with subulate points, the inner semilanceolate, acute,

membr. edged.

Has. Zwellendam, Ecklon! Gamka R., Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Glaucous (when dry); leaves 4 in. long, 2-3 l. wide, the lobes 1 1. wide. Outer

inv. sc. in Ecklon’s specimen dispersed over the tube, in the dry state easily escape

notice, and are not described by DC. In Burke § Zeyher’s plant they are much

fewer, and sometimes wanting.

10. G, serrulata (DC.? 1. c. 512); crown woody; radical leaves gla-

brous above, beneath, save on the nerve, tomentose, some linear-sub-

lanceolate, acute, tapering at base into a petiole, others (few) pinnati-

sect, with linear, acute lobes, all with the reflexed margins minutely

ciliato-serrulate; pedune. shorter than the lvs., glabrous; imv. cylindr.,

truncate at base, glabrous, lobes sub-triseriate, semilanceolate-acuminate,

rather shorter than the tube, the outer herbaceous, ciliate (few or many),

the inner with widely membranous edges, taper-pointed.

Has. Witberg, Drege. Natal country, Dr. Sutherland! Satohi, in bogs, Dr. Kirk/

(Herb. D., Hk.) ‘

I have not seen Drege’s plant, and describe from Dr. Sutherland's, which may be

different. Leaves 4-5 in. long, 13-3 l. wide, in one specimen pinnatisect. Scapes

24-3 in. long. Rays about 15, yellow, with a brown band beneath.

11. G. Krebsiana (Less.! Syn. 44); nearly stemless ; subradical lvs.

white woolly beneath, glabrous above, with reflexed edges, petioled,

linear-lanceolate, entire or some sparingly pinnatifid, the lobes decur-

rent ; pedune, shorter than leaves, subglabrous ; iny. obconic, intruse

and truncate at base, glabrous, segments 2-seriate, the outer leafy, nar-

row-linear, acuminate, ciliate, inner semilanceolate, much acuminate,

nerved, glabrous, membr. edged. DC. 1. ¢. 509.

—kr

476 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [Gazania.

Var. f. hispidula; leaves hispidulous above, and glabrous on the same root!

(Herb. D.)

Has. Caffirland, Krebs! E. § Z.! 8. Fort Beaufort, Cooper, 417. (Herb. Sd.)

Leaves 24-33 in. long, 2-4 1. wide, occasionally pinnatifid, the lobes 2-3 pair.

Pedunec. 2 in. long. Invol. 6-71. long. 8. varies with hispidulous and glabrous

leaves ; in other respects it agrees pretty well with a. Zeyher’s 3014, from the

Zwartkop R., is also probably the same ; it varies with rough or smooth leaves.

12. G. pinnata (Less.! Syn. 43); rootstock perennial, emitting many

fibres ; leaves radical, petioled, white beneath, above and on the reflexed

»margins and often on the midrib beneath hispid (rarely glabrous),

~ pinnatipartite (some entire), lobes oval-oblong or linear, 2-6-8 pair,

subdecurrent; pedunc. not much longer than the leaves, hirsute or

smooth; inv. campanulate, truncate at base, hispid or glabrous, the

segments in 2-3 rows, all lanceolato-subulate, much acuminate, nerved,

the outer leafy, rigidly ciliate, inner glabrous or softly ciliate. Gorterva

pinnata, Th., Act. Soc. Hafn. 4. p. 6, t. 5. Fl.! Cap. 699. G. incisa,

Th. lc. Gaz. ciliaris, DC.! 1. ¢. 513.

Var. B. speciosa; lvs. glabrous or hispid above; pedune. long; inv. subcylindrical,

glabrous or obsoletely tomentose, the lobes semilanceolate-linear, acuminate, his-

pido-ciliate, in 2-3 rows. Less, G. speciosa, Less. Syn. 43. DOC.1.¢. 510. G, rigens

8, Th. and G. pectinata, Th. Cap. 699, fide Less. :

Var. y. grandis; lvs. sparsely setose above, pinnati-partite, lobes in 8-9 pair,

long and linear, obtuse, remote ; pedunc. long, glabrous; inv. obovate-campanulate,

gishen: lobes linear-subulate, longer than the tube, outer ciliate. @. grandis, D C.

. C. 509.

Var, 5. multijuga; vs. setose above, lobes 7-9 pair, oblong, acute; pedunc. gla-

brous, long; inv. glabrous, its lobes linear-subulate, twice as long as tube. (.

multijuga; DC. 1. ¢. 509. ee

Var. €? scabra; lvs. rigidly setoso-scabrous above, lobes in about 4 pair, oblong

lanceolate; scape short, glabrous; inv. subscabrid, the lobes acuminate, the outer

dorsally seabrid, inner longer. G. scabra, DC. 1. ¢. 509.

Var. ¢. serrata ; hispido-scabrous, the terminal leaf-lobe often (not always) ser-

rate; pedunc. and invol, hairy; lobes asin a. G. serrata, DC. l. ¢. 510.

Var. 7, leiophylla; leaves on rigidly ciliate petioles, entire or pinnati-partite,

quite glabrous above ; pedunc. very hairy ; inv. glabrous, the lobes pluriseriate, lanceo-

late-acuminate, the outer rigidly ciliate. (Hb. Hook.)

Has. About Capetown and Stellenbosch, Z.déZ.! Caledon’s Baths, Zeyher!

Zwarteberg, Beil. Simonstown, C. Wright, 371. Paarl, Drege! . Cape Flats,

Mundt, Stenberg, Bergius. ‘y, Saldanha Bay, Drege. 8, Zwartekops R., Drege.

a a ton. Natvoet, Gariep, Drege. s, Drakensteimberg, Drege/ (Herb.

2 i 7

Leaves 3-5-8 in. long, more or less pinnate, very generally hispid above, rarely

quite glabrous ; lobes 3-10 1. long, 1-3 1. wide. In an original specimen

by Lessing (Hb. Sd.) the inv. is quite glabrous and the pedunce. roughly setose ; Mr.

rights specimens vary with glabrous or hispid involucres. I regret that I have

not seen specimens of our first four varieties, which I venture to refer here, from

the descriptions given of their involucres by their authors: foliage is a most uncertain

character in this genus.

13. G. Pavonia (R. Br. Hort. Kew. 2, vol. 5, p.140) ; rhizome divid-

ing, ligneous; leaves subradical, petioled, hispid and green above, albo-

tomentose beneath, entire or pinnatisect, the segments oblong, acute,

subdecurrent, with revolute margins; pedunc. longer or shorter than

the leaves, pilose or glabrous; invol. campanulate, hispid or glabrous,

Gazania. | COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) 477

segments 2—3-seriate, short, the outer linear, leafy, strigose, inner from

an ovate base semi-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, memb.-edged, glabrous.

Less. ! Syn. 46. DC.1. 510. Bot. Reg. t. 35. Gorteria rigens, Th.! Cap.

698 (Herb. / ex pte ). Gort. Pavonia, Andr. Rep. t.523. Gazania, 6132,

Drege? G. pinnata, DC. Ll. ¢. 509 (sp. ex Drege ).

Var. £, hirtella; smaller, with less compound leaves ; petiole rigidly ciliate ;

inv. hairy. G. hirtella, DC./ l.c. 511. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Var. y.? Zeyheri; stem branching at base, branches short, diffuse; cauline and

subradical leaves long-petioled, scabrous above, sub-bipinnatisect, the lobes in several

pairs, very obtuse, the upper ones often with 1-2 obtuse, spreading lobules, the mar-

gins reflexed, ciliolate ; petiole ciliate ; inv. glabrous. (Herb. Sond.)

Has. Roadsides, &c. near Capetown, also in Zwartland and Groenekloof, Thund./

£.&Z.! Dr.Thom! &c. B, Paarl, Drege! y, R. Zondereinde, near Appel’s kraal,

Zey./ 3015. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems short, ascending or procumbent, leafy at base. Leaves 3-9 inches long,

variably pinnate, sometimes undivided and lanceolate. Flowers large and showy,

the rays bright orange, with a black or eyed spot at base. Best known from G.

pinata by its inv. scales. Var.%y, founded on a single specimen in Hb. Sond., has

remarkably compound foliage, and may perhaps be a distinct species.

14. G. arctotoides (Less. ! Syn. 48); rhizome slender, multifid; sub-

radical leaves petioled, glabrous (or cobwebbed) and smooth above,

white beneath, mostly pinnatipartite, the lobes short, obovate, obtuse or

acute, cartilagineo-serrulate along the margin ; pedune. cobwebbed ;

inv. cylindrical, few-flowered, subtomentose ; scales-2-seriate, the outer

deltoid, acute, inner ovate, subobtuse, all very short. DC. l. ¢. 510.

Has. Gamko, Mundt and Maire! (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 2-23 inches long, lobes 4-5-pair, 3 lines long, 1 lime wide. Inv. § inch

long, 3-4 1. wide at summit, 13 1. at base. I have only seen a very poor specimen.

15. G. longifolia (Less. Syn. 48); rhizome multifid; subradical lvs.

thickish, unequal, flexuous, acute or obtuse, callous-mucronate, elon-

gate, shortly petioled, tapering much at base, smooth and glabrous above,

except on the nerve white beneath, the margin reflexed and callouws-

ciliate, some leaves quite entire, spathulate, some sinuate and some

deeply pinnatifid, with linear divergent segments; inv. cylindr., smooth,

at length glabrate, its lobes 2-seriate, the inner ovate, obtuse, membr.-

edged, the outer much smaller. Less. l. c. abbrev. DC. l. ¢. 510.

Has. Schietfontein, Lichtenstein. Olifant’s R., and near Gamko, Mundt and

Maire. Cape, E.& Z.? (Herb. Sd. %)

Of this I have seen no authentic specimens; but 2 specimens in Hb. Sd., collected

by £. & Z., agree pretty well with the above character, The name “ longifolia” is

unhappy, as many have much longer leaves. Lys. 2-4 inches long. Heads rather

small; rays orange, with a black spot at base,

16. G. leptophylla (DC. ! 1. c. 512); crown woody, multifid ; subra-

dical leaves narrow-linear, flexuous, tapering into a ciliolate petiole,

either quite entire or pinnatifid toward the apex, the lobes narrow,

short, quite glabrous above, tomentose with revolute margins beneath ;

pedune. glabrous, longer than the leaves ; inv. cylindrical, truncate at

base, glabrous ; lobes 3-seriate, the outer few, narrow-linear, reflexed,

inner broadly ovate, obtuse, membr.-edged, biseriate, all very short.

Has. Zeekoe R., Drege’ (Herb. Hk.)

478 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Gazania.

A small species. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 1 line wide. Heads small and few-fl.;

rays narrow. Allied to G. longifolia, Less., with which its inv. nearly agrees.

17, G, heterocheta (DC. 1. c. 511); “stem half-woody, short ; sub-

radical leaves tapering into a petiole, obovate, obtuse, sublyrate or

variously pinnatisect, setose above, white-woolly beneath, the margin,

chiefly near the base, ciliate with long bristles; pedunc. scarcely longer

than the leaves, glabrous or sparsely bristled ; inv. campanulate, gla-

brescent, its lobes 3-seriate, acuminate, shorter than the tube.” DC. l.c.

Has. Betw. Zilverfontein, Kooperberg, and Kaus, Drege! (Unknown to me.)

18. G. pygmea (Sond.! Linn. 23, p. 69); crown woody, multifid ; sub-

radical leaves hispid above, except the nerve white beneath, linear-

spathulate, obtuse, tapering at base into a ciliate petiole, the margins

revolute ; pedunc. glabrous, shorter than the leaves ; invol. glabrous,

obconic, subtruncate. at base, the lobes 3-seriate, outer herbaceous,

linear-acute, ciliate, inner ovate, subacute, short, with broadly membra-

nous margins.

Has. Magallisberg, Burke § Zeyher! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Leaves (on the few specimens yet seen) all undivided, 2-3 inches long, 14-2 lines _

wide, rigid, erect, pale. Scape and inv. in Herb, Hook. quite glabrous; in Hb. Sd.

minutely puberulous. Heads small: rays about 12, white, with a purplish band

beneath. A specimen (Hb. Hk.) found by Burke on the Aapjes Riv. differs in the

shorter and less ciliate outer inv. se.

19. G. armerioides (DC.!1. c. 511) ; rootstock woody, many-cleft ;

leaves subradical, linear (or a few pinnately 1-2-lobed), subsessile, with

strongly revolute margins, setoso-mucronate, bristly above and on the

margins, white tomentose beneath; pedunc. longer than the leaves,

hairy; invol. broadly campanulate, very hairy, the sc. 3-4-seriate, the

outer oblong or lanceolate, mucronate, inner much acuminate.

Var. 8, Sutherlandi; outer inv. sc. lin.-lanceolate, acuminate ; inner hair-pointed.

Has. Witberg, 7-8000 feet, Drege! 8, at Klip-river, Natal, Dr. Sutherland!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Forming dense tufts. Leaves crowded, shortly petioled, 1-2 inches long, 1-14)

wide, in the stronger specimens sometimes pinnate-lobed, roughly hispid. Pedune.

2-4 inches long. Invol. }-inch across. Rays numerous, pale, with a violet band

beneath. In 8. (Herb. Hook.) all the inv. sc., but particularly the outer ones, are

more taper-pointed.

20. G. nivea (Less.! Syn. 49); very dwarf; rhizome woody, thick,

divided at the summit; leaves crowded (subradical), petioled, hoary-

tomentose on both sides, pinnatisect, the segments short, obtuse, linear,

channelled ; pedune. not exceeding the leaves; inv. tomentose, truncate

at base, lobes 2-seriate, the teeth very short, deltoid, the inner round-

ish, glabrate, membr.-edged. DC. 1. ¢. 509.

Has. Gamko-karroo, Mundt § Maire! (Herb. Sond.)

Stems } inch long, densely leafy. Leaves, with their petioles, 1-14 inch long;

lobes 1-2 lines long. A very dwarf plant, with the aspect of @. jurineafolia, ated

canous in all parts.

21. G. canescens (Harv.); rootstock thick and woody, multifid ; —

radical leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, above thinly canescent, smooth,

Gazania. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 479

channelled, beneath cano-tomentose, with entire, scarcely revolute

margins ; pedunc. about as long as leaves, at first canous, then gla-

brate ; invol. truncate at base, cylindro-turbinate, thinly canescent, the

lobes 2-3-seriate, the outer linear-filiform, mucronulate, longer than

the glabrous, ovate-acute, membranous inner ones.

Has. Basutu Land, 7. Cooper! 719. (Herb. D.) —

A dwarf plant, probably from high land, and dry, rocky ground. Leaves 13-2}

in. long, not a line wide, none pinnatisect on our specimen. All the young parts

pale, with very minute, white, downy pubescence, which rubs off in age. Heads of

small size; invol. 4 inch long, 3-4 lines wide at top ; rays about 12, yellow, with a

central band beneath.

22. G. Lichtensteinii (Less.! Syn. 50); root slender, perpendicular,

annual! stems many from the crown, short, diffuse, leafy, cobwebbed ;

leaves obovato-spathulate, tapering into a petiole, entire or bluntly 3-5-

lobed, cobwebby-tomentose, becoming nude above, as well as the petiole

serrato-ciliate, mucronate ; pedune. slender, glabrous, longer than the

leaves ; inv. glabrous, cylindro-turbinate, at base produced into a hollow,

truncate, reversed cup, the lobes biseriate, outer very short, deltoid,

inner longer, ovate-acuminate or ovato-semilanceolate, acute. DG. l. c.

p.514. Also, G. araneosa, DC.! 1. e 512.

Has. Cape, Lichtenstein. Zilverfontein, and by the Gariep, Drege / Springbok-

keel, Zey.! 972. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root tapering, 2-4 inches long, with lateral fibres. Stems 2-4 in. long, spread-

ing. Leaves 13-24 in. long, 2-41. wide, often crenate-lobed. Heads small ; inv.

3 inch long, 3-5 l. wide at top, rays 8-10, broad, golden-yellow, with a dark spot

at base, and on the under side a medial, greenish band.

23. G. tenuifolia (Less. Syn. 50); root slender, annual ; stems many

from the crown, short, decumbent, leafy; cauline leaves petioled, sub-

scaberulous aboye, albo-tomentose beneath, some narrow-linear, entire,

the majority pinnatisect above the middle, the lobes 3—4-pair, narrow-

linear, acute, entire, the rachis and petiole narrow-margined ; pedunc.

glabrous, little longer than the leaves ; inv. glabrous, at base truncate-

ridged and obconic, short-tubed, lobes in several rows, much acumi-

nate, the outer short, squarrose, inner lanceolate, rather longer than

the short rays; pappus scales elongate, much longer than the ovarian

wool. DC. l.c. 513.

Has. Cape, Lichtenstein. Zilverfont. and Olifant’s R., Drege! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stems 1-3 inches long. Leaves 2-24 inches long, the rachis and lobes not a line

wide, but evidently white beneath. Heads small, and rays very short. The habit

is that of this genus, but the ach. and pappus-sc. are very differently proportioned.

24, G. Burchellii (DC.! 1. c. 514) ; root perpendicular, slender, an-

nual; stem leafy at the crown, branched from the base, the branches

spreading, hispid, with alternate leaves which are crowded toward the

apices ; leaves petioled, very scabrous above, nearly nude beneath, with

strongly revolute margins, either linear or pinnatisect, the apices of the

lobes tipped, and the petiole ciliate with long, white, rigid bristles;

pedunce. terminal, longer than the leaves, pubescent; inv. obovate, his-

pid, the scales pluriseriate, outer subulate, inner semi-lanceolate, all

much acuminate, and tipped with rigid, subpungent bristles. Hirpi-

480 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Cullumia.

cium Echinus, Less.! Syn. 54. Gorteria hispida, Licht. MSS., fide Less.

Has. Sak-rivier, Lichtenstein. Near the Gariep, Burchell, 2500. Zilverfontein,

Drege! Springbokkeel, Zey./ 976. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Root seemingly annual. Stems 3-6 inches long, spreading from a leafy crown.

Leaves 1-14 inch long, not 1 line wide, almost always pinnatisect above the middle,

with linear lobes. 1 am indebted to Dr. Sonder, who examined Lichtenstein’s origi-

nal specimens (Herb. Berol.), for the synonym of Lessing. This plant appears to me

to be a true Gazania, having the habit, involucre, and double pappus of this genus ;

the outer scales about 10, long and denticulate at the extremity, the inner much

shorter, entire. I retain De Candolle’s specific name, as he was the first to refer it

to its proper genus. .

( Uncertain Species. )

G. coronopifolia (DC. 1. c. 511) ; “subherbaceous, branching at the

crown, leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, petioled, pinnati-

partite, the lobes linear, obtuse, quite entire, with revolute margins,

above glabrous, white-tomentose beneath; pedunc. glabrous, twice as

long as the leaves; invol. obovate at base, the lobes rather longer than

the tube, much acuminate, subrigid.” DC. 1. c. Arnica coronopifolia,

Linn. Sp. 1247? Burm. Cap. p.27.

Hap, Cape, Burman, in Herb. Delessert, fide De. (Unknown to us.)

By description, this must come near G@. longiscapa.

G. Kraussii (Sch. Bip. Flora. xxvii. 777); “radical leaves linear-

lanceolate, quite entire, petioled, or pinnatipartite, with 1-2 pair of

lobes, glabrous above, with revolute margins, white beneath ; scapes a

span long, cobwebbed ; invol. cylindrical, truncate at base, the scales

narrow-linear, the inner subulate, ro lines long.” Sch..B., abbrev. Walp.

Repert. 6, 279. <= eee aes

Has. 1a, Uit., Krauss. (Unknown to us.)

By description this is probably G. longiscapa, DC.

G. lineariloba (DC. 1. c. 512) ; “crown subherbaceous ; rad. leaves

long-petioled, glabrous above, beneath, save the nerve, cano-tomentose,

some undivided, oblong-linear, the majority pinnatipartite, the lobes in

1-2 pair, linear, acute, the margins of all subrevolute, entire ; invol. ~

truncate at base, shortly cylindrical, the lobes biseriate, acute, equal,

shorter than the tube.” DC. J, c.

Has. Drakensteinberg, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

CXXXV. CULLUMIA, R. Br.

Heads radiate ; ray-fl. ligulate, neuter ; disc-f. 5-toothed, perfect.

\) Recept. very deeply honey-combed, the walls of the cells raised and

~~ enclosing the achenes, apices setigerous. Jnvz. sc. pluriseriate, concrete

at base, the outer pectinate-spinous, similar to the leaves, the innel™

entire or fimbriate, pungent. Achenes angular, glabrous, without pap-

pus. DC. Prod. 6, p. 497-

Small shrubs or suffrutices, all S. African. Branches leafy to the very summit.

Leaves alternate, sessile or decurrent, margined with slender, spinous cilia : other-

wise quite entire. Heads terminal, solitary. Fl. yellow. Named in honour of Sir

T. @. Cullum, Bart., a Norfolk botanist.

Cullumia.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 481

Leaves linear-subulate, with strongly reflexed or revolute margins, bordered with

uniseriate spinous cilia:

Iny, sc. all erect and appressed (not leaf-like) :

Leaves very erect, closely imbricate; outer inv. scales

minutely serrulate = ... ...° ... ”... +. (1) suleata,

Lvs. spreading ; outer inv. sc. pectinate ... .. (2) bisulea.

Outer inv. scales squarrose, leaf-like and spine-bordered :

Branches glabrous ; lvs. faleate-recurved, cilia 2-3, lo (3) decurrens.

Branches cobwebbed or tomentose ; cilia 4-5, or more.

Lvs. spreading, sessile ; cilia longer than breadth of

oS ere re ee ee ee re

Lvs. strongly reflexed, subdecurrent; cilia equal-

ling the breadth of leaf .... 2... ... (5) squarrosa,

Leaves (small) closely imbricated, oblong or semi-lanceolate, glabrous ; the margin

thickened and bifariously pectinate, with rigid cilia :

divs. mucronate ; inv. sc. erect <..0 8.6... 0... ... ise (6) pectinata,

Lys, and inv. se. tipped with a long, rigid, deflexed spine (7) ciliaris.

Leaves lanceolate or oblong, erecto-patent, spreading or reflexed, flat or flattish, the

margin bristling with solitary or geminate rigid cilia : i

Leaves widely spreading, recurved or defiexed :

Lvs. more or less decurrent : sa ope . ae

Lvs. ovate- inate, subrecurved, cilia 2-3... (8) rigida,

Lvs. oblong, strongly recurved ; cilia 3-4-6 ... (9) setosa.

Lys. sessile, broad-based, lanceolate, deflexed or squar-

FOB Si eg tae hat oe See oe ed Oe BO

Leaves erecto-patent (not reflexed) :

_ Leaves more or less decurrent: inv. sc. spinous-ciliate :

Lys. glabrous, lin.-lanceolate ; cilia geminate, with

a minute woolliness in their Se owe (IDA,

Lys. viscidulous, oblong or ellipt.; cilia very short, :

without a flocculent tuff ... ... ...... ... (12) micracantha,

Leaves sessile, not decurrent ; inv. sc. entire-edged :

Lys. and inv. quite glabrous ... (13) hispida.

Lys. white-woolly beneath ; inv. cobwebby a (14) sublanata.

1. C. suleata (Less. ! Syn. 84, vix DC); branches glabrous, virgate;

leaves closely imbricated, straight and erect, shortly subulate or semi-

lanceolate, with strongly revolute margins, 1-furrowed beneath, cilia

much shorter than the breadth of the leaf ; invol. scales all dry, erect-

appressed, all minutely ciliato-serrulate. Cullumia adpressifolia, Sond.!

Linn. 23, p. 69. Rohria sulcata, Th.! Cap.614.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! R. Zondereinde, Zey.! 3024, var.a. (Hb. Th., Sd., Hk.)

Allied to C. bisulea, but not so branching, with much shorter, very erect, and

close-lying leaves ; smaller involucres, destitute of pectinate outer scales. Zeyher’s

plant above quoted is perfectly identical with Thunberg’s. Drege’s, relied on appa-

rently by De Candolle, is C. bisulea, Less. (Herb, Hk., Sd.)

2. C, bisulea (Less.! Syn. 82); branches glabrous; leaves crowded,

subulate, subdecurrent, recurved at the points or squarrose, glabrous

and nerved above, with revolute margins, generally nerved and bisul-

cate beneath, cilia numerous, as long as the breadth of the leaf, or

longer; iny. se. all dry, erect-appressed, the outer pectinato-ciliate, the

inner ciliato-serrulate or entire. DOC. 1. c. 498. Kohria bisulca, Th.!

Cap. 615. C. sulcata, Drege! in Herb.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Swellendam, and Brackfontein, Clanw. Z. § Z./ Hassa-

quaskloof, Zey/ 3024, var. 8. (Herb. Th., Sd.)

VOL. TI. 31

very rig commonly widely sp:

482 COMPOSIT® (Harv.) [ Cullumia.

A much-branched bush 1-2 ft. high. Branches spreading. Leaves 4-7 lines

long, 1 1. wide, sometimes simply falcate-recurve metimes curled backwards.

The nerve on the lower side is sometimes quite obvious, sometimes concealed under

the revolute margins, and such leaves are unisulcate, as in C. sulcata,

3. C. decurrens (Less.! Syn. 83); branches diffuse, glabrous; leaves

patent-recurved, decurrent, subulate, flat above; cilia on each side

2-3, longer than the breadth of the leaf; outer inv. sc. squarrose, spi-

nous-ciliate like the leaves. DC. 1. c. 498; also C. intermedia, DC./ 1.

c. Rohria setosa, Th.! in Hb., expte. Gorteria squarrosa, Linn. sp. 1284,

excl, syne

Has. W. and E. districts. Cape, Thunb./, Drege! Langekloof, Mundt § Maire.

see 3 and Olifants Hoek, Uit., Z. ¢ Z.! Knysna, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th.,

Smaller and more di and slender than any of this section, with uarrose

leaves. Lvs. 3-4 1. long, 4 1. wide. ra ithe a an “inv, with pret see to

his C. intermedia, but in Drege’s distributed specimens (Hb. D., Hk.. Sd.) they are

quite squarrose ; nor can I find any character to distinguish *‘(. intermedia.”

spreading or recurved, sessile, subulate, with revolute margins and a

prominent nerve beneath, glabrous above; cilia on each side 4-5, mostly

longer than the breadth of the leaf; outer inv. sc. squarrose, spinoso-

ciliate like the leaves, inner lanceolate, serrulato-ciliate. DC. l. ¢. 498.

Rohria patula, Th./ Cap. 615, and Gorteria ciliata, Th.! Cap. 700.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Burchell, 5041, Drege! Dr. Thom! (Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

A pe emg a Youn Tabres 1 in. or more in length, not 1 1. wide,

a Seba csett-paient.

the upper

». like the leaves, more or less to

age

») 0 B, G.squarrosa (R. Br.) ; twigs robust, cobwebbed ; leaves very densely

crowded, squarrose-reflexed, subdecurrent, subulate, striate (when dry)

above; cilia on each side 4—5, about equalling the breadth of the leaf;

outer inv. sc. similar to the leaves, spreading or squarrose. Less. Syn.

84. DC./ 1. ¢. 498. Rohria squarrosa, Th.! Cap. 615. Gorteria squar-

rosa, Berg. Cap. 301. (nec L.)

Has. Sea shores, False Bay, Thunb.! E.&Z.! &c. Muysenberg, foot of hill,

W. H. H. Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 338. (Herb. Th., Sd., D., Hk)

Very robust, with curved branches, the lesser ones umbellate or corymbose, all

most closely covered with reflexed leaves. Lys. {-1 in. long, 1 1. wide, somewhat

fleshy, when recent quite smooth above, but, in drying, the upper surface shrinks

unequally and thus becomes striate.

6. C. pectinata (Less.! Syn. 85); branches glabrous; leaves erect-

incurved, imbricated, semi-lanceolate, mucronate, (small), with a thick-

ened reflexed margin which is pectinated on its outer edge with long,

slender cilia, and on its inner (or under) with short ones; inv. se. all

erect, the outer pectinated like the leaves. DC.l. c. 499. Rohria

pectinata, Th.! Cap. 615.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Onderbokkeveld, Clanw., E. ¢ Z.! Betw. Grasberg River

and the Waterfall, Tulbagh, Drege’ 2896. (Herb. Th., Sd.) :

A much branched, closely leafy bush, related to C. ciliaris. Leaves 2-3 lines

long, 14 1. wide, with a short, straight, erect mucro. Heads rather small.

Cullumia.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 485

7. C. ciliaris (R. Br.) ; branches glabrous ; leaves erect-appressed,

ubricated, subdecurrent, " elliptic-oblong (small), tipped with a long,

rigid, deflexed spine, the thickened margin bifariously pectinate with

many long, slender, spinous cilia ; inv. sc. shorter than the rays, the

outer leaf-like, tipped with long, deflexed bristles. Less./ Syn. 86. DC.!

l. c. 499. Rohria ciliaris, Th.! Cap.617.

Has, Mountains round Capetown, 7h ! and succeedin

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) ig le ee

A straggling, small shrub, much or little branched. Leaves 3-4 lines long, their

spinous mucro nearly as long and always strongly deflexed; marginal cilia in 8-10

pairs, those of both series nearly equally long. Rays twice as long as the involucre.

8. C. rigida (DC.! l.¢. 500) ; branches and leaves glabrous ; leaves

small, flattish, slightly concave above, subdecurrent, ovate-acuminate,

tapering into a long, rigid bristle, horizontally spreading or subrecurved,

the thickened margin bearing 2-3 spinous cilia; outer inv. sc. ‘recurved,

leaf-like, inner erect, oblong, spine-tipped, fringed with soft, short hairs,

Has. Camies Drege! erb. D., , Sd.

A small, lonely Raat Scr Tater 2-3 4 long, 1 1. wide. | By De. it is

considered most akin to C. _ pectinata ; but I rather place it next C. oetOne, gegen in

many respects it resembles in miniature.

9. C. setosa (R. Br.) ; branches vlataoan curved, spreading; leaves

oblong or lance-oblong, decurrent, strongly curved backwards, ending

in a long, spinous point, the thickened margin bearing on each side 3—4

long, rigid, spinous cilia, which are occasionally geminate + bifarious ;

inv. sc. squarrose, resembling the leaves, but narrower. Less. / Syn. 86.

DO.! 1. c. 499. Rohria setosa, Th.! Cap. 616, and Herb. ex pte.

Var. B. aye aati robust, with larger lepres, more strongly decurrent. C.

adnata, DC.l.¢. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Ss t Capetown and Simon’s Ba, frequent. ‘Langekloof, Mundt.

Kloinsiviesborg iwades Zwarteberg, Zey.! 3021. Var. 8. Berg R., Drege! (Herb.

A very straggling, weak, much or little branched bush. Leaves 3-5 lines long,

1-2 lines wide, the cilia long and stiff. Heads small. Some of Drege’s distributed

specimens under this name belong to C. decurrens. C. adnata, |

growth than usual, with larger and consequently more strong

(often with 5-6 solitary or geminate spines); but the ordinary C. setosa varies con-

siderably in size and luxuriance. All the specimens I have seen of “C. adnata,”

from E. § Z.! belong to common C. setosa.

10, C. cirsioides (DC. ! 1. c. 499); branches robust, thinly cobwebby

or glabrous; leaves crowded, lanceolate from a broad base, sessile,

strongly deflexed, inversely imbricated, spinous mucronate, somewhat

g-nerved, the margin bearing long and slender, but rigid geminate or

solitary spinous cilia; inv. sc. like the leaves, with spreading or deflexed

points.

Var. 8. carlinoides; dwarfer, with rather smaller leaves, the marginal spines

solitary. C. carlinoides, DC.! l.¢c. (Herb. Sd., Hk.)

Var. y. squarrosa ; leaves more laxly set, smaller, hooked backwards ; twigs

crowded. (Herb. D., Hk.)

Has. Near the Gauritz R., Burchell, 4643. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., EB. G Z.!

‘ 31

484 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [(Cullumia.

Zey.! 3022. Var. 8. Hoogekraal, betw. Kafferkuils R., and Zoetmelks R., Drege!

Var. y, intermixed with a, at Vanstaadensberg, Zeyher! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A strong growing plant; 8. smaller in all parts. Leaves $-14 in. long, 2-41.

wide, the uppermost spreading, all the lower strongly deflexed. Var. y. has quite

the look of strong growing specimens of C. setosa, var. B., but the leaves are not in

the least decurrent. Zeyher, who saw it in a fresh state, referred it to the preseut

species ; the ordinary form of which he collected at the same time and place.

11. C. floccosa (E. Mey. !); branches glabrous; leaves erecto-patent,

decurrent, linear-lanceolate, with a thickened margin bearing on each

side 2-3 pair of geminate cilia, glabrous, except a minute flocculent tuft

in the axils of the marginal cilia; mv. sc. erect, the outer spinoso-ciliate

like the leaves, cobwebby, inner shorter than the ray. DC. l. c. 499.

Has. Betw. Bergvalei and Langevalei, Drege/ Kruisrivier, Zey./ 979. Elands-

berg, Dr. Wallich! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

_An erect, rigid, much-branched and twiggy bush. Leaves 4—5 1. long, 13-21

wide. Heads of small size.

12. C, micracantha (DC.! 1. c. 499); twigs and leaves minutely

viscidulous and glandular ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, erecto-

patent, mucronate, somewhat 3-nerved, decurrent, the margin bearing

very short and slender, geminate, or sometimes solitary, spinous cilia ;

inv. sc. erect, like the leaves but narrower, the inner nearly equalling

the rays.

Has. Piquetberg, Drege! Bergvalley, E. § Z.! Zey.! 980. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

_ This resembles C. hispida, but is smaller and more slender, and specially differs

in the decurrent, glandular leaves, and sm: ,« spines.

13. C. hispida ome Syn. 87); the branches and leaves glabrous ;

leaves oblongo- or lineari-spathulate, erecto-patent, spinous mucronate,

narrowed at base, sessile, (not decurrent), the margin bearing long and

rigid, solitary or geminate, spinous cilia; inv. se. erect, oblong-elliptical,

entire, tapering into a long spinous point. DC.l.c. 499. Rohria hispida,

Th. ! Cap. 616.

oo . angustifolia ; leaves narrower. C. pauciflora, DC. l.c. 500. (Herb. D.,

Has. In the Karroo, Thunberg/ (Hb. Thunb.) Var. 8. Eastern Distr. Burchell-

Swellendam, Mundt., BE. § Z./

Branches robust, straight, 12-15 in. long. Leaves 1} in. long; 4-61. wide ; the

marginal cilia frequently geminate, 3-41. long. Heads rather large in the genus.

B. merely differs in its somewhat narrower leaves, and rather more bushy habit-

The name “ hispida” is very unfortunate for a glabrous plant.

14. C? sublanata (DC. 1.c. 500); “ branches cobweb-woolly; leaves

sessile, half-spreading, linear lanceolate, glabrous above, white-woolly

_ beneath, the margin scarcely revolute, tipped with a spine, and furnished

with 6-8 spinous cilia ; inv. cobwebby at base, the sc. erect, the outer

subciliate.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Eastern Distr. Burchell, 6876. Ataquaskloof, Drege. (Unknown to us.)

This is said to have the habit and inflorescence of C. hispida. A leaf from Drege

(Hb. Sd.) said to belong to this is oblong-obovate (!) very obtuse: there must be

some strange blunder.

Hirpicium. | COMPOSITE (Harv. ) 485

CXXXVI. HIRPICIUM, Cass.

Heads radiate; ray-fl. neuter; disc-fl. 5-toothed, perfect. Recept.

shortly honeyeombed. Jnz. se. concrete at base, in many rows. Filam.

smooth. <Achenes wingless, completely covered with long soft hairs.

Pappus uniseriate, coroniform, splitting into bristles. DC. Prodr. 6,

p. 502.

Much branched, erect, dwarf-shrubs. Leaves sessile, linear, leathery with revo-

lute margins, white beneath. Heads terminal, solitary. Name ?

Leaves scabrous above, bristle-pointed ; inv. sc. subulate (1) echinulatum.

Leaves hispid above ; inv. sc. bristle-shaped, ciliate ... (2) integrifolinm.,

1. H. echinulatum (Cass.); leaves alternate, often fascicled, linear

or oblong, tipped with a bristle, and ciliate near the base, with strongly

revolute margins, scabrous above, albo-tomentose beneath; heads sub-

sessile; inv. sc. linear-subulate, rigid, erect, pungent, minutely ciliolate.

Less.! Syn. 54. DC.1.¢. 502. Gidera alienata, Th.! Cap. 725, excl. syn.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Namaqualand and the Karroo, E. § Z.! Modderfontein,

Rev. H. Whitehead! Kamiesberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A rigid, twiggy, small shrub, Leaves pale-green.

2. H. integrifolium (Less.! Syn. 53); leaves approximate, alternate,

or opposite, lance-linear, acute, with strongly revolute margins, hispid

above, albo-tomentose beneath ; heads subsessile ; inv. sc. very narrow

linear, with long, bristle-shaped, ciliate points. DC. l. c. 502. Gorteria

integrifolia, Th.! Cap. 699. 2

Has. Cape, Thunb.! Caledons Hoogte, Mundt § Maire. Hexrivierskloof, Drege!

9079. (Herb. Th., 8d.)

A much-branched, twiggy, small shrub ; young twigs hispid. Lvs. sub-petiolate,

the rudimentary petiole half-clasping at base and membrane-edged ; lamina 3-3 in.

long, scarcely 1 L. wide, narrowed to both ends. Bristle-points of the inv. sc. nearly

4 in. long. Lessing describes the leaves as ‘‘ decussate and connate ;’ in Thunberg’s

specimen, though occasionally so, they are much more frequently alternate.

CXXXVIIL STEPHANOCOMA, Less.

Heads discoid, all the fl. 5-toothed, perfect. Recept. honey-combed,

the cells bearing long, rigid bristles. nv. se. pluriseriate, concrete at

base, margined with spinous cilia. Filaments smooth. Achenes glabrous,

obeonic. Pappus sc. uniseriate, very short, at first concrete into a cre-

nate, cup-like crown, afterwards partially separating. DC. Prodr. 6, 497.

A thistle-like herb, with the habit of a Stobea (sec. Apuleia), from which genus

this is only distinguishable by its crown-like pappus. This character appears to me

insufficient, and I retain Stephanocoma merely in deference to Lessing’s and DC.’s

authority. I am obliged, however, to reject St. Berkheyoides, Less., because, on

examination of the original specimens in Hb. Th., I find that it has the ordinary

scaly pappus of a Stobea, and I believe it to be identical with St. scolymoides, DC.

The generic name is compounded of ¢repavos, a crown, and xoun, hair; alluding to

the crown-like pappus.

1, §. carduoides (Less.! Syn. 56); Stobea decurrens, Th.! Cap. 621.

Stobea crispa, DC.! 1. ¢. 517. Berkheya carduiformis, DC. 1! 1. c. 507.

Var. B. latifolia ; rad. lvs. 24-3 in. wide above the middle. (Herb. D., Sd.)

486 cOMPOSIT (Harv.) [Stobeea.

Has. Hautniquas and Krom. R., 7h./ Auteniqualand, Mundt. Uitenhage and

Albany, E. § Z. Zey./ 3026. Knysna and Plettenbergs Bay, Pappe/ Grahamstown,

P. MacOwan! Howisons Poort, H. Hutton; and generally on the eastern frontier.

8. Fort Beaufort and Kat R., #. § Z./ Winterberg, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb.

Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

Stem herbaceous, erect, striate, subglabrous. Leaves sparsely setulose or glabrous

on both sides, the midrib beneath pilose, rigid, pinnatipartite or deeply pinnatifid,

the lobes in many pairs, ovate-subrotund, spinous-toothed, with smaller spines be-

tween, curly undulate; the radical very long, tapering much at base, subsessile ;

cauline shorter and the upper very short, decurrent in long, spiny, curly-sinuate

stem-wings. Heads small, discoid, subcorymbose or panicled ; pedicels and base of

inv. more or less woolly. Invol. sc. shorter than the disc, in many rows, subulate,

margined with solitary slender spines. Achenes glabrous. Pappus sc. uniseriate,

very short, at first concrete into a crenate, cup-like crown, afterwards separating.

A specimen from Drege (Hb. Hk.) of Berkheya carduiformis, DC. is in all respects

similar to Steph. carduoides, Less. DC. seems to have carelessly taken the long

bristles of the receptacle for pappus !

CXXXVIIL STOBZA, Thunb.

Heads many fl., either discoid, all the fl. tubular and perfect, or radiate,

the ray-ft. neuter. Inv. sc. in many rows, concrete at base and tapering

into a spinous point, bordered with 1-2 spines. Recept. honey-combed,

the cells deep, nearly enclosing the achenes, cleft at the apex into

bristle-shaped fimbrils. Stam. smooth. Achenes turbinate or inversely

pyramidal, furrowed, either glabrous, downy, or villous. Pappus scales

in I-2 rows, equal or the alternate narrower, oval, obtuse, toothed at

the apex. DC. prodr. 6, p. 514.

S. African thistle-like herbs or suffrutices, with much of the habit and characters

of Berkheya, but differing in the bluntish not much acuminate pappus. Name in

honour of Dr. Stobzeus of Lund, one of Linnzus’s earliest patrons.

Sect. 1. Aputeta. Achenes in all stages of growth perfectly glabrous. (Sp. 1-21.)

(a.) Cauline-leaves conspicuously decurrent, in spinous stem-wings:

Heads radiate: lower or radical tapering at base, but not petioled ;

Leaves nearly glabrous on both sides, pinnatifid,

with round lobes ae io cane

Lys. tomentose or canescent beneath:

Lower leaves deeply pinnatifid, with spinous lobes:

Pedicels and iny. sc. cobwebby or tomentose:

Leaves bres! oun or sub- <a

canous beneath... ... ... ... (2) polyacantha.

Leaves densely white-woolly ilies he;

Papp. se. oblong, obtuse:

Inv. sc. with slender, soli-

(1) glabriuscula.,

tary marg. spines ... (3) scolymoides.

Tny. se. with binate marg.

spines ... ... ... (4) helianthiflora.

Papp. sc. very small ; inv. sc.

pubescent above... ... ..._ (§) cirsiifolia.

Pedicels and inv. sc. minutely gland-pubescent :

Stem wings long and narrow ; lvs. glabrous above:

Iny. scales gland-pubescent

above; lf. and wing spines

Sok, long

Inv. se. glabrous above ;

If. and wing-spines 1-2

1. long PO gE ad

(6) microcephala.

Stobea.| COMPOSIT (Hary.) 487

Stem wings short and broad ;

lys. glandular above... ... (9) onopordifolia,

Lower (medial) lys. obovate- -oblong, re- ;

pand, very rough above .,. ... (10) Radula,

Heads caillehas radical and lower leaves on spine-bordered petioles :

Radical lvs. rigid, pinnatifid or sinuous lobed, tapering at base:

lvs. sparingly-cobwebbed or

nude beneath au 1) petiolata.

Rad. lvs. white-woolly beneath . . (12) echinopoda,

Radical lvs, thin, oblong or elliptical,

repand ; spines minute ... ... ... (13) membranifolia.

Heads discoid :

Lvs. sinuato-pinnatifid, spinellose above, cob-

webbed beneath _.. . (8) spheerocephala.

Lys. lanceolate, sharply 1 \-toothed at each

side, tomentose canescent .. oy pep (21) ene

(b.) Cauline-leaves sessile, very shortly subdecurrent or - adnate ; stem not winged :

Radical lvs. conspicuously petioled :

Rad. lvs. cordate, oblong, or oval, entire or sinuous-lobed; heads

radiate :

— land-setose ; lvs, thin, scabrous above,

very small marginal spines... (14) speciosa.

Stem pau glabrous, lvs. rigid, glabr. above,

with strong marg. spines and interposed

spinules = (15) acanthopoda.

Rad. lvs. pinnati- partite | or deeply pinnatifid : heads discoid :

Lvs. spinellose above, deeply pinnatisect .. sa epitrachys.

Lys. smooth above, pinnati-partite ;

petiole and crown of root very woolly .. an eriobasis.

Radical lvs. not petioled :

Stem shrubby, much branched ; Ivs. pinnatipar-

tite, the lobes 4-5 pair, rigid, nearly entire,

spine-tipped (18) cardopatifolia,

Herbaceous, branching " gland- -puberulent on all

young parts; lvs. concolourous, the radical

sinuato-pinnatifid, with rounded lobes ... (19) onobromoides.

Herb., simple-stemmed ; rad. lvs. glabr. above,

white-woolled beneath, pinnatisect, lobes 18-20

pair, simple or 3-5-fid, spine-pointed ... ... (20) multijuga.

Sect. 2. Eu-Srop#za. Ovaries and young achenes pubescent or silky ; ripe achenes

sometimes becoming glabrous. (Sp. ea

(a.) Cauline leaves decurrent in long, spine-bordered stem wings :

Radical lvs. large, obovate or oblong, entire or pinnatifid ; cauline small :

Rad. lvs. cobwebbed-cottony or woolly beneath :

Rad. lvs, elongate, sinuous-pinnatifid, cob-

webbed ; fl. purple (or white)... (22) purpurea.

Rad. lvs. obovate-oblong, subentire, white

beneath ; fl. yellow... (23) rhapontica,

Rad. Ivs. concolorous on both sides, nearly glabrous :

Stem wings narrow, their — =

4-6 lines long a! et vee see (24) @ristosa,

Stem wings ad, eir marg. “spines 1-2

lines long —... «+ wee «ee (25) platyptera.

No large rad. lvs. ; stem leafy to the summit ; lys. " spinoso-setose above :

Lys. close-set, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, 4-6 lines

WHOS coc. ae ee ss» se. (26) echinacea,

Lvs. subdistant, linear, 1-1} in. “long, 2 L wide (27) Gerrardi.

(b.) Cauline leaves sessile, or very shortly decurrent ; stem not winged :

488 compos!t& (Hary.) [Stobeea.

Heads radiate :

Leaves alternate, linear or subulate, quite entire: bristles very long:

Lvs. linear, white beneath; stems glandular

Lys. subulate, with strongly revolute edges ;

eter glabrous 0.05 80% i ae Bere (29) Zeyheri.

Lys. alternate, pinnatifid or runcinate:

Lys. membranous, the lower on spine-bor-

dered petioles, runcinato- pinnatifid, lobes

3 pair, broad, with very small, weak marg.

BPiNes «+s oe mes ees see cee ows (30) SOnChifolia. -

Lys. rigid, gland-pubescent, concolourous :

Rad. lvs. 12-18 in. long, petioled,

glandular on both sides ... ... «... (31) grandifolia.

Rad. lvs. sessile? glabrous beneath ... (32) Viscosa.

Lys. rigid, white-woolly beneath, softly

pubescent above «.. «1. ss. ++ eee (33) Duphthalmoides

Lvs. opposite! connate, glabrous, roundish-oblong,

RI ogee SS ee wee. see ~ owe (36). Oppomitliodls,

Heads discoid :

Leaves concolourous, glabrous or nearly so :

Glaucous, quite glabrous ; lvs. cordate at

base, acuminate, many nerved, tipped and

margined with long spines ... «. «+. (35) cruciata.

Not glaucous: subglabrous or puberulous:

Upper surface of lys. glabrous; lvs.

cordate, clasping at base, netted-

veined, acuminate; stem compressed (36) glabrata.

Upper surface of lvs. spinellose; lvs. : :

pinnatifid ... ... ss. see so» «es (37) pinnatifida.

Leaves woolly or cottony beneath (or on both sides) :

Lvs. cordate-acuminate, spine-lobed at base (36) glabrata, 8.

Lys. more or less deeply pinnatifid: :

Cauline lvs.subpetiolate, broadly-oblong,

inciso-pinnatifid, white beneath, lobes

oblong-lanceolate ; iny. sc. shorter

SHAN Cine 5. <c.> ss 5. s.- * s.-- (38) seminivea.

Lvs. sessile, pinnatipartite, with narrow lobes and revolute

margins:

Lys. simply pinnatipartite, lobes

lance-subulate .. ... ... +» (39) rigida.

Lvs. pinnatipartite, lobes deeply

cut or pinnatifid ... ... ... (40) bipinnatifida.

Rad. lys. short petioled ; cauline clasp-

ing, sinuate-pinnatifid and undulate:

3 Stem and leaves copiously woolly-

canescent ... ... «+ ses +» (41) heterophylla.

Stem-subglabrous ; lvs. glabrous or é

thinly hoary beneath ... ... (42) atractyloides.

Rad. lvs. long petioled; cauline }-clasp-

ing, pinnatifid, the segments 2-lobed,

white beneath ... ... .s. seo vee (43) Diloba.-

Sect. 1. Apunera (Sp. 1-21). : :

1, S. glabriuscula (DC. 1. c. 519); stem herbaceous, erect, striate,

thinly pilose below, cobwebbed toward the summit; leaves on both

sides glabrous or nearly so, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes roundish, tooth-

lobed, set with long spines, the interspaces ciliato-spinellose, radical

elongate, tapering to the base, cauline decurrent in long very spinous

stem-wings, continued up to the head; inv. sc. longer than the disc,

Stobeea. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 489

linear-lanceolate, bearing solitary spines and ciliato-spinellose ; achenes

glabrous ; papp. se. biseriate, oblong, toothed.

Has. Betw. Hoffman’skloof and Driefontein, Albany, Drege. Uitenhage, Zck-

lon! (Herb. Sd.)

This seems to be little more than a glabrate form of S. polyacantha ; I have not

seen Drege’s plant.

2. 8. polyacantha (DC.! 1. c. 519); stem herbaceous, erect, furrow-

striate, glabrate below, cobwebby above; leaves glabrescent above,

the lower ones beneath cano-tomentose, the upper cobwebby-canescent,

cauline pinnatifid, with subovate, 3-5 spined lobes, multispinellose

between the spines, decurrent in spinous stem wings; heads solitary,

radiate ; inv. sc. longer than the disc, cobwebbed beneath, margined

with solitary spines ; achenes glabrous; papp. sc. biseriate, oblong,

toothed.

Has. Cape, Drege. Uitenhage, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

I have only seen Ecklon’s plant, which is scarcely at all cobwebbed, certainly nei-

ther ‘cano-tomentose’ nor ‘canescent ;’ seems nearly the same as S. glabriuscula.

3. 8. scolymoides (DC.! 1. c. 520); stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous,

cobwebbed above; cauline leaves glabrous above, white-woolly beneath,

oblong, narrowed to the base, decurrent in sinuous, spinous and ciliate

stem wings, sinuous-lobed, the lobes short, 3-5 spined, with rounded

ciliato-spinellose interspaces ; heads solitary, sub-pedunculate, ebracte-

ate ; inv. sc. tomentose externally, longer than the disc, ciliato-spinose,

whilst in flower patent-reflexed, in fruit suberect ; achenes glabrous,

turbinate, papp. sc. oblong, obtuse, denticled. Rohria decurrens, Th. !

Cap. 620. Stephanocoma Berkheyoides, Less.! Syn. 57.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Klipplaat River near Schiloh, and on to Windvogelberg.

Drege! a. Kraal, Burke! Boschman’s and Karraga R., Zey! 3027. (Herb.

Th., Hk., Sd.

A tall eecknninhag species. Lower leaves 8-10 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, the

younger sometimes cobwebbed above, afterwards nude. Spines strong and yellow-

ish. Heads“ of large size; rays many, yellow. In Hb. Hk. is a specimen from

Bowie that chiefly differs in having a much more woolly stem, and cobwebbed upper-

surfaces to most of the leaves. Thunberg’s specimens of “‘Rohria decurrens,” though

imperfect, agree very well with this ; their pappus is identical, of separate, toothed

scales! by no,means ‘ coroniform,’ as described by Lessing. :

4. §. helianthiflora (DC. 1. c. 520); “stem herbaceous, erect, fur-

rowed, cobwebbed above; leaves glabrescent above, white-tomentose

beneath, the lower tapering at base, sessile, pinnatifid, the lobes rounded,

7-spined, sparingly spinellose between the spines ; cauline less sinuate,

decurrent in spinoso-ciliate wings ; heads solitary, ebracteate ; inv.

spreading, the sc. longer than the disc, cobwebby canescent beneath,

with geminate marginal spines ; achenes glabrous, turbinate ; papp.

se. oval, obtuse, denticled.” DC. l. c.

Has. Zuureberg, 2~3000 f., Drege. (Unknown to me).

This seems to border very closely on 8. scolymoides.

5. S. cirsiifolia (DC.! 1. c. 519); stem herbaceous, erect, cobwebby

at the summit; lower leaves elongate, pinnatifid, tapering at base, sub-

490 coMposIT& (Harv.) [ Stobeea.

sessile, the lobes roundish, bearing 1-3-5 long spines and ciliato-spinel-

lose, glabrous and glossy above, white-woolly beneath, rigid; upper

leaves oblong, sinuate, spinous-toothed, decurrent in spinous stem-

wings, uppermost cobwebbed above; inv. sc. tomentose beneath,

pubescent above, longer than the disc, spine-pointed and set with long,

strong marginal, often geminate, spines ; achenes glabrous, turbinate ;

papp. sc. very small, separate, denticled.

Has. Witbergen, 6-7000 f., Drege/ (Herb, D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high, pale, leafy to the summit, ending in a corymb of fl. heads.

Cauline leaves 4-6 inches long, smaller upwards; the uppermost 1-2 in. long.

Young leaves cobwebbed above. Very like S, scolymoides in general aspect, but

with pubescent inv. sc. bordered with much stronger spines than in that species.

6. 8. microcephala (DC.! 1. c. 520); stem erect, rib-furrowed, mi-

nutely gland-pubescent, especially near the summit ; leaves glabrous

above, white woolly beneath, the lowest elongate, tapering at base,

toward the apex shortly and roundly sinuate-lobed, the lobes about

3-spined, with ciliato-spinellose interspaces ; cauline decurrent in sinu-

ous, ciliato-spinous stem wings, heads solitaryor sub-corymbose, ending

nude, elongate, densely gland-pubescent branches, not bracteate ; inv.

sc. somewhat longer than the disc, lanceolate, gland-pubescent outside,

margined with slender solitary spines and ciliato-spinulate between;

achenes glabrous, turbinate ; papp. sc. broadly ovate, 2-seriate, denticled.

Has. Witbergen, 4-5000 f., Drege! Cape, EZ. & Z./ Winterberg, common, Mrs.

FP, W. Barber! 632. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Like other “common” plants, this has been rarely and very imperfectly collected.

7. 8. discolor (DC.! 1. c. 520); stem herbaceous, erect, furrowed,

chiefly toward the apex glandular pubescent ; leaves glabrous or

minutely puberulous and green above, albotomentose beneath, the lower

oblong-subobovate, tapering at base, sessile, sinuate-lobed, the lobes

roundish, 3-5 spined, and spinellose between, cauline broad-based,

decurrent in spinous-toothed stem-wings; branches corymbose, leafy,

many-headed; heads (nude or) bracteate; inv. sc. glandular outside,

ciliate with rigid, simple or geminate spines; achenes glabrous ; papp-

sc, obtuse, denticled. °

Has. Betw. the Key and Gekau, Drege! Natal, Gerr.and M’K.! 305. Gueinzius!

346. Dr. Sutherland. Dr. W. B. Grant! (Herb., D., Sd., Hk.)

8. 8. spherocephala (DC.! 1. c. 518); “stem herbaceous, erect,

cobwebbed above; leaves on the upper surface spinelloso-scabrid, cob-

webby beneath, the younger sub-canous, at length glabrate, sinuato-

pinnatifid, the margin spinuloso-ciliate, the lobes roundish, the radical

lys. tapering at base, cauline decurrent along the stem, in sinuate, sp!-

nuloso-ciliate wings ; heads discoid, corymbose, pedicels tomentose;

inv. much shorter than the disc, tomentose at base, sc. multiseriate,

with several slender marginal spines.” DC. l. c.

Has. Gekau, and Omsamwubo, Drege! (Herb. Sd.)

I have seen but a leaf and a flowering twig. Achenes quite glabrous. Pappus

of many, subbiseriate, separate, sharp-pointed, toothed scales.

Stobeea. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 491

9. 8. onopordifolia (DC. ! 1. c. 521); stem herbaceous, erect, branch-

ed, glandular-pubescent and softly pilose; leaves on the upper surface

and on the nerves beneath glandular-pubescent, albo-tomentose beneath,

the cauline decurrent in short, broad, ciliato-spinous stem-wings, sinu-

ato-pinnatifid, undulate, the lobes ample, roundish-reniform, strongly

many-spined, and ciliato-spinellose; heads solitary, bracteate; inv. sc.

glandular-puberulent, broad, 3-nerved, longer than the rays, bearing

slender, simple or geminate marginal spines ; recept. covered with very

long, slender bristles; achenes glabrous, obconic; papp. sc. acute,

toothed.

Has. Betw. Buffelvalei and Kraai Riv., Albert, 4500-5000 f. Drege/ Beaufort

Distr., Cooper! 551. Near the Orange R., Burke! Zuureberg, Cradock, Zey!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Readily known among its allies by its short, broad stem wings, the very long,

slender bristles of the receptacle, and the glandular foliage.

10, 8. Radula (Harv.); stem herbaceous, erect, angle-furrowed, rough

with hard points, racemoso-corymbose at the summit; radical leaves

obovate-oblong, obtuse, tapering much at base, some subpetiolate, repand

orsinuate, rigid, unequally spinoso-ciliate, atfirstroughly setose, thensca-

brous with hard points above, white woolly beneath; cauline small, nar-

row-oblong or linear, very spiny, decurrent in long, narrow, very spinous

stem-wings, the stem winged to thesummit; heads shortly radiate, race-

mose; inv. sc. linear-lanceolate, rather shorter than the disc, glabrous or

cobwebbed, closely spinousand ciliato-spinellose; achenes glabrous, obpy-

ramidal ; papp. se. truncate, denticled.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke and Zeyher! Zey.! 981. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

This has much of the habit and foliage of 8. Rhapontica; but besides the want of

woolliness on the stem, and very scabrous foliage, the achenes are glabrous, &c.

‘11, S. petiolata (DC. 1. c. 520); stem herbaceous, erect, terete, gla-

brous below, cobwebbed above ; leaves sparingly setulose above, cob-

webby or nude beneath, the radical and lower on long spine-bordered

petioles, obovate-oblong, tapering to the base, pinnatifid, the lobes

rounded, with a sub-revolute, unequally many-spined margin, cauline

decurrent in long, narrow, ciliato-spinous stem wings ; heads peduncled,

ebracteate, inv. woolly at base, the sc. longer than the disc. bearing

frequently geminate, marginal spines; achenes glabrous, turbinate ;

papp. sc. oblong truncate, denticled.

Has. Zwartkops R. and Vanstaadens R., Drege, Zeyher! Adow, Zey.! 3028.

(Herb. D., Hook., Sd.) : : :

Rad. leaves, including the petiole, sometimes 15-16 in. long. The stem-wings

are sometimes very narrow, sometimes broadish, always very spiny. Pubescence

scanty and deciduous.

12. §. echinopoda (DC. 1. c. 521); “stem herbaceous, erect, cobweb-

bed; leaves setuloso-scabrid above, snowy-white beneath, the radical

on petioles bordered with slender spines, oblong, tapering to both ends,

sinuate lobed, the lobes rounded, 7~9 spined and ciliato-spinellose, the

cauline decurrent in spinellose stem-wings ; heads short-pedicelled,

pedicels tomentose, leafy; inv. sc. cobwebbed beneath, eq. the disc,

492 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Stobea.

margined with solitary spines; achenes glabrous; papp. sc. oblong

obtuse.” DC. l. c.

Has. Near the Zwartkops and Vanstaaden Rs., Uit. Drege. (Herb. Sd.)

Of this I have only seen 2 leaves and a fl. head in Hb. Sd. ; it seems to differ

from 8, petiolata chiefly in the copious snow-white wool of the under surfaces of the

leaves.

13. S. membranifolia (DC.! 1. c. 521); stem herbaceous, erect, fur-

rowed, cobwebby above; leaves thinly membranous, glabrous above,

albo-tomentose beneath, the radical on long petioles bordered with

slender spines, oblong or elliptical, repand or sinuate-lobed, ciliate with

slender, short, but unequal spinules ; cauline more copiously woolly

beneath, furnished with longer and stronger spines and ciliato-spinellose

between, more or less sinuous or pinnatifid, decurrent in ciliato-spinose,

sinuous stem-wings; heads solitary, ebracteate ; inv. sc. longer than

the dise, lanceolate, cobwebbed beneath, margined with many, slender,

often geminate spines ; ach. glabrous, obpyramidal ; papp. uniseriate,

toothed.

Has. Uitenhage Distr., 2. ¢ Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

Known from all allied species by the thinly membranous leaves, and slender

weak spines.

14. §. speciosa (DC.! 1. c. 518) ; stem herbaceous, erect, striate,

glanduloso-setose, simple or corymbose at the summit, chiefly leafy

below ; radical and lower leaves long petioled, the petiole aristoso-

ciliate and sometimes winged or lobulate, the lamina either cordate,

ovate or oblong, acute, scabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, ciliate

with small, unequal bristles ; lower cauline shortly decurrent, upper

sessile, (small), few, passing from lanceolate to linear, aristoso-ciliate ;

heads 1-5, long-pedicelled, ebracteate, radiate ; inv. sc, linear-lanceolate,

acuminate, glandular, ciliate with long spines; achenes glabrous, fur-

rowed, obconic; papp. sc. biseriate, truncate, toothed.

Has. Sandplaat and Komga; Morley ; Omsamwubo and Omtata, Drege/ Kat-

berg, Drege! Ecklon! Hutton! Caffraria, Cooper! 290, Fort Bowker, H. Bowker!

— ae T. Williamson! Natal, Gerr. and M’K. 302, 303, 304. (Herb. D.,

os )

15, 8. acanthopoda (DC. 1. c. 521); “stem herbaceous, erect, quite

glabrous, flowering branches subcorymbose, the younger tomentose, at

length glabrous ; leaves rigid, glabrous above (the younger cobwebbed),

white-woolly beneath, the radical and lower cauline petioled, oval,

sinuous-lobed, the lobes strongly 1-3 spined and ciliato-spinellose ;

petiole armed with rigid, spreading spines ; cauline lvs. sessile, wider

at base, adnate or very shortly decurrent ; heads pedicelled, ebracteate;

inv, sc. tomentose beneath, linear, bearing geminate, marginal spines ;

achenes turbinate, glabrous; papp. sc. oblong.

Has. Betw. the Key, Gekau and Basche ; and betw. Omtata and Omsamwubo,

Unknown to me ; seemingly a very distinct species.

16. 8. epitrachys (DC. ! 1. c. 515); stems erect, subsimple, herba-

ceous, cobweb-woolly, terete ; leaves spinoso-setose above and along the

Stobeea. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 493

margins, cobweb-woolly beneath, the radical long-petioled, deeply pin-

natisect, the lobes toothed or lobed, tipped with slender spines and

spine-ciliate, cauline sessile, not clasping, similarly pinnatisect ; heads

discoid, subracemose, short-stalked ; inv. sc. lanceolate, longer than the

disc, often spinoso-setose above, spinous-ciliate and with a pair of basal,

geminate spines; achenes “glabrous, shining.” DC.; pappus of many

short, oblong, obtuse, narrow scales.

Has. Kamiesberg, Drege’ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

This agrees with S. pinnatifida in the spinose upper surface of leaves, but differs

in the copious woolly covering, and the glabrous achenes. The specimens seen by

me are in very poor condition, insufficient clearly to verify all the characters.

17. 8. eriobasis (DC. 1. c. 516); “crown of root woody and woolly ;

stems ascending woolly below, cobwebby above, simple, sparingly leafy,

radical leaves petioled, pinnatipartite, the petiole cobwebbed, very

woolly at base, the segments in many pairs, narrow, slightly cobwebby,

deeply lobed, lobules linear-lanceolate, tipped with a rigid spine, their

revolute margins spinoso-ciliate ; cauline leaves few, sessile; heads

discoid, very short-pedicelled, subracemose ; inv. sc. cobweb-woolly,

equalling the disc, bearing subgeminate spines. DC. l.c.

Has. Zeederberg, Drege! (Herb. Sd.) -

For this I chiefly adopt DC.’s description, having seen but a radical leaf and a

detached involucre, in Hb. Sd.-—“ Achenes glabrous. Papp. sc. oval, in 1-2 rows.”

De.

18. 8. cardopatifolia (DC. 1. c. 514); “stem shrubby, erect, branched;

branches terete, the younger ones, with the undersides of the leaves,

woolly, the older glabrate; leaves above glabrous, sessile, pinnatipartite,

the lobes rigid, linear-lanceolate, produced into a spine, nearly entire,

in about 4~5 pair, sometimes solitary or geminate ; heads discoid,

ending the branches, subracemose; outer inv. sc. spreading, leafy,

with solitary spines, inner erect; achenes glabrous; pappus sc. oval,

obtuse, subdenticulate.” DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Near Graaf Reynet, Drege.

19. S. onobromoides (DC. 1. c. 516); minutely glandular-puberulous

on all young parts ; stem herbaceous, erect, terete, branched, thinly

pilose or glabrate ; leaves on both sides more or less gland-pubescent,

becoming glabrate, concolourous ; the radical sessile, very long, sinuato-

pinnatifid, with short, rounded, spinous-toothed lobes, and wide, spinous-

toothed interspaces; lower cauline similar, but shorter; upper cordate-

clasping at base, ovate or oblong, acuminate, bordered with rigid spines,

entire or sinuato-pinnatifid; heads discoid ; inv. se. ovato-lanceolate,

veiny, gland-dotted, spinous-edged, longer than the disc.

Has. Boschesman’s Doorn R., Drege! Cape, Wallich! Winterhoek, Tulbagh,

Dr. Pappe! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

The young plant is probably viscidulous when recent, being covered with glandular

hairs, the bases of which are obvious on older leaves and iny. scales as small, raised

points. The heads in Dr. Wallich’s specimens are smaller and more numerous ; in

them the achenes are glabrous, and the pappus of many, small, narrowscales. All

the sp. of Drege’s seen by me have the heads worm-eaten. Dr. Pappe’s plant has

sub-pinnatifid cauline leaves; heads as in Drege’s.

494 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Stobeea.

20. 8. multijuga (DC.!1.c. 521); rhizome ligneous, horizontal; stem

erect, simple, terete, cobweb-cottony ; leaves glabrous above (the younger

cobwebbed), softly and copiously white-woolly beneath, the lower elon-

gate, sessile, cauline adnate or shortly decurrent, all deeply pinnatisect,

the lobes in very many pair, close together, the lowermost short and

simple or toothlike, the upper 3-5-fid, spinous pointed, base of the leaf

(or winged petiole) broadly linear, with an entire margin ; heads solitary ;

inv. sc. about as long as the rays, cobweb-cottony beneath, linear-lanceo-

late, bordered with simple spines; ach. glabrous; papp. sc. obtuse,

uniseriate.

Has. Witberg, 6-7000-f., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A very remarkable species, with foliage unlike that of any other. Lower leaves

8-12 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, with a very wide midrib, quite entire and smooth-edged

for 1-2 in. above the base, thence upwards more and more deeply incised and

pinnatisect.

21. S. M‘Kenii (Harv.); suffruticose, much branched, all young parts

cobwebby-canescent; branches closely leafy to the summit; leaves

decurrent in slender, spinoso-ciliate stem-wings, lanceolate, acute, all

but the uppermost, sharply one-toothed or tooth-lobed at each side be-

low the middle, apex of leaf and lobes spine-bearing, the margin ciliato-

spinellose, upper surface cobwebbed, becoming glabrous and netted-

veined, lower tomentose ; inv. sc. lanceolate, tomentose, longer than the

disc, with a few, small, simple, marginal spines; heads discoid; achenes

glabrous, obconic, striate ; papp. sc. very short.

aes “3-4 ft. ea have only seen Senne twigs, = cannot say what

the lower leayes may be like. It seems a very distinct species. Leaves on the

branchlets 1-14 in. long; 3-5 lL. wide.

Sect. 2, Eu-Stopma, (Sp. 22-43.)

22. 8. purpurea (DC.!1. c. 518); stem herbaceous, erect, simple, cob-

webby, leafy to the summit; subradical and lower leaves sessile, elon-

gate, tapering at base, more or less deeply sinuato-pinnatifid, above

sprinkled with jointed, soft hairs, beneath cobweb-cottony; cauline

gradually smaller upwards, and more and more decurrent, the stem-

wings of the lower lvs. narrow, of the upper broad, and very spiny;

heads radiate, racemose; inv. sc. ovato-lanceolate, spine-pointed and

margined with slender, simple spines; achenes silky; papp. sc. oblong-

toothed, biseriate.

Var. 8B. albiflora; flowers white (Hb. Sd.)

Pe sat Witberg, Drege! Winterberg, Mrs. F. W. Barber, 530, (Herb. D., Hk.

Pais plant, Mrs. Barber tells me, ‘‘ grows in the vallies of the Winterberg im

patches, many thousands growing close together as if they had been planted in beds ;

flowers purple, showy.” Lower leaves 6-8 in. long; uppermost very small, but

decurrent as broad stem wings.

23. §. rhapontica (DC.! 1. c. 519); stem herbaceous, erect, terete,

cobwebby, racemose at the summit; radical leaves obovate or obovate-

oblong, obtuse, tapering much at base, shortly petioled, subentire °F

repand, unequally spinelloso-ciliate, glabrous or setulose above, white-

Stobeea. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 495

woolly beneath; cauline (small), narrow-oblong, subsinuate, decurrent

in long, lobed, ciliato-spinellose stem wings ; stem and branchlets winged

to the summit; heads radiate, racemose, on short or long peduncles;

iny. sc. linear-lanceolate, shorter than the disc, bordered with simple,

short spines, tomentose at back, innermost subentire; achenes silky;

pappus biseriate.

Has. Port Natal, Drege / T. W./ Gueinzius! Dr. Grant! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 2-3 ft. high, winged to the summit. Rad. lvs. 5-12 in. long, 2-3 in. wide ;

the petiole 1-4 in. long, very white beneath, green above. Raceme, with few or

many rather small heads; rays longer than the inv.

24. S. aristosa (DC. 1. c. 518); stem herbaceous, erect, simple, cob-

webby; radical leaves broadly obovate, cuneate at base, sessile, penni-

nerved, on both sides minutely scabro-setulose, the subentire or repand

margin unequally ciliate with long and short bristle-spines ; cauline lvs.

decurrent, erect, smaller upwards, passing from oblong to linear, they

and the narrow stem-wings also ciliato-aristate ; heads racemose, subses-

sile; outer inv. sc. margined with Zong and short bristles, like the leaves,

spreading, inner entire, lanceolate, nearly as long as the rays; achenes

silky; papp. sc. biseriate, toothed.

Has. Kaffirland, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Rad. leaves 5-6 in. long, 3-4 in. wide, very scabrid. Longer cilia of leaves, stem-

wings and inv. se. 3-5 lines long, slender and awn-like. Stem 1-14 ft. high.

25. 8. platyptera (Harv.); stem herbaceous, erect, simple, glabrous ;

radical leaves obovate-oblong, cuneate at base, sessile? sparsely setulose

above, glabrous except on the midrib beneath, the subsinuate margin

unequally ciliate with slender bristles; upper cauline leaves (lower

unknown) decurrent in very broad stem-wings, erect, oblong or linear,

they and the wings ciliate with short, unequal spines; heads racemose,

subsessile ; outer iny. se. squarrose-reflexed, narrow, ciliate with short,

simple spines ; inner erect, entire, subulate, shorter than the rays;

achenes silky, obconic; papp. subacute, toothed.

Has. Umvoti, Natal, Gerr. ¢ MK. 1049. (Herb. D.)

“Stem 3-4 feet high.” Rad. lvs. 5-6 in. long, 24-3 in. wide. Nearly allied to

S. aristosa, but with much shorter bristles, wider stem wings, and squarrose outer

iny. s8¢., &c,

26. S. echinacea (Harv.); glabrous; stems closely leafy throughout,

simple, herbaceous ; leaves much longer than the internodes, lanceo-

late, acute, densely spinoso-setose above, and closely ciliate with unequal,

slender spines, pilose on the midrib beneath, decurrent in long, sinu-

ous, very spinous stem-wings ; heads shortly radiate, subcorymbose ;

inv. se. shorter than the rays, subulate, bordered with mostly binate

spines; ach. silky; papp.sc. obovate, toothed, biseriate.

Has. Dry plains of Zululand, Gerr. 4 M’K. 1045. (Herb. D.)

Stem 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 24-3 in. long, 4-61. wide. Heads in our specimens

3. Nearly allied to S. Gerrardi ; but with much longer and broader leaves, and

larger flower-heads.

27. S. Gerrardi (Harv.); rootstock ligneous; all parts quite glabrous;

496 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Stobea.

stem herbaceous, erect, simple, leafy throughout, one-headed ; leaves

narrow-linear, erect, laxly set, densely spinoso-setose above, and ciliate

with similar, slender spines, nude and strong midribbed beneath, de-

current in long, narrow, very spinous, sinuous, stem-wings, which

nearly conceal the whole stem to the summit; heads shortly radiate;

invol. sc. longer than the rays, subulate, bordered with slender, simple

or binate spines; ach. silky; papp. scales obovate, toothed, 2-seriate.

Has. Emyati, Natal, Gerr. ¢ MX. 1046. (Herb. D.)

This has much of the habit of a Cullumia. The free portion of the leaf is scarcely

- as long as the decurrent wing, 1-14 inches long, 2 1. wide; spines all slender, very

unequal, small alternating with longer. In essential character it comes near 4.

echinacea.

28. S. insignis (Harv.); stems ascending-erect, closely leafy through-

out, simple, 1-headed, glandular-pubescent ; leaves sessile, cobwebbed,

becoming sparsely hispidulous or glabrous above, albo-tomentose be-

neath, linear, acute, spine-pointed, with sub-revolute margins, quite

entire, ciliate with long, slender bristles, and stipelled at base with

similar; invol. sc. linear-subulate, shorter than the ample rays, setoso-

ciliate and white beneath, like the leaves; achenes turbinate, silky ;

pappus twice as long as the achene, of many biseriate, cuneato-spathu-

late, obtuse, sharply toothed scales.

Has. Attercliffe, Natal, J. Sanderson! 234, 264; W. T. Gerrard, in litt. (Herb. D.)

A very remarkable plant, nearly allied to S. Zeyheri, Sond., but with broader leaves,

white beneath ; glandular, closely leafy stems, and much larger fl. heads.

29. S, Zeyheri (Sond. and Harv., non Less.) ; stems ascending-erect,

closely leafy below, laxly-leafy and subpedunculoid upwards, 1-headed,

glabrous, cobwebbed above ; leaves sessile, cobwebbed, becoming gla-

brous, linear-subulate, spine-pointed, with strongly revolute margins,

quite entire, laxly ciliate and stipelled at base with long, slender bris-

tles; inv. sc. reflexed during anthesis, subulate, rather longer than the

rays, setoso-ciliate, cobwebby beneath; achenes turbinate, silky; papp.

twice as long as the achene, of many biseriate, cuneate, sharply toothed

scales. Hirpicium ? Zeyheri, Sond. in Hb.

Has, Wonderfontyn, Zey.! 975. Schoonstrém, Burke’ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

St. Zeyheri, Less., is a trifling variety of S. atractyloides.

80. S. sonchifolia (Harv.); stem herbaceous, terete, glabrous or mi-

nutely pulverulent ; leaves thinly membranous, sparsely and minutely

hispidulous above, very thinly tomentose-canescent beneath, the upper

clasping (but not decurrent), oblong or lanceolate, more or less sinuate,

lower (and radical ?) on spine-bordered petioles, runcinato-pinnatifid, the

lobes very ample, in about 3 pair, oblong, repando-sinuate, the angles

or teeth tipped with small, slender spines, the interspaces minutely

spinellose, ciliolate, ribs and veins glabrous ; heads radiate, peduncu-

late; invol. scales lanceolate, glabrous, bordered with slender, simple

spines, and ciliate; ovaries pubescent; papp. sc. short, obtuse.

Has. Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. Hk.)

_ This has the delicately membranous texture of leaf of S. membranifolia, but the

lower leaves are very differently shaped, and the upper not decurrent, &c. I have

Stobeea. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 497

seen but one specimen, consisting of 2 detached lower leaves and a flowering branch.

It was collected some 20 years ago.

31. 8. grandifolia (DC. l.c. 517); stem herbaceous, tall, branching,

terete, glandularly pubescent, as are also the leaves on both sides ;

radical leaves very long (12-18 inches), petioled, deeply pinnatifid or

pinnatipartite, the lobes ovate, acute, unequally and coarsely spinous-

toothed, the lower smaller, nerves 4—5 in each lobe, subparallel, run-

ning from the midrib through the lobe ; cauline lvs. clasping at base,

slightly adnate ; heads on long pedicels, radiate; inv. sc. linear lanceo-

late, attenuate, about equal to the rays, margined with 6-7 solitary (or

sometimes geminate) spines, glandular; achenes pubescent ; papp. sc.

2-seriate, oblong, acute, dentate.

Has, Witberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk.)

32. §. viscosa (DC. 1. c. 517); “stem herbaceous, erect, branched,

terete, glandularly puberulous and viscidulous; leaves viscid, gland-

pubescent above, glabrous beneath, half-clasping, the lower sessile, pin-

natifid, the lobes palmately spine-toothed, the cauline shortly decurrent,

dilated at base, less incised; heads subpaniculate; inv. sc. spreading,

rigid, lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the rays, bearing toward the

base solitary or geminate spines ; achenes pubescent; pappus sc. very

short, separate, 1-serlate.” DC. l.c.

Has. Blaauwberg, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

I have only seen a frustule; and therefore chiefly copy DC.’s description.

33. 8.? buphthalmoides (DC. 1. c. 517); “stem herbaceous, erect,

somewhat angled, sparsely setose, branches glabrous or cobwebbed ;

leaves above closely coyered with jointed, soft, short hairs, white-woolly

beneath, oblong, pinnatifid, tapering at base, the lobes rounded, ciliato-

spinose, cauline sessile; inv. sc. spreading, bearing geminate marginal

spines, longer than the disc ; rays about equalling the disc, the inner-

most narrower and shorter ; achenes inversely prismatic, villous at the

apex ; papp. sc. 2-seriate, downy.” DC. 1. c. :

Van. 8, sublanata ; stems and upper sides of leaves cobweb-woolly; heads rather

larger; inv. sc. rather longer than the leaves. DO. J. c.

Has. Witberg, Drege. B, Blesboksvlagte ; Los Tafelberg ; and Stormberg, Drege.

Of this T have otily scen 3 leaves and # fL-lead: int Hib, Sd; 1 theredore measly

transcribe DC.’s sp. char.

34. S. oppositifolia (DC.! 1. c. 517); stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous

(or thinly cobwebbed); rad. leaves . . . . ; cauline leaves opposite,

connate or perfoliate, glabrous, roundish-ovate or oblong, sinuate-toothed,

the teeth bearing very long spines, the margins not ciliate; heads pedi-

cellate, radiate ; invol. sc. in few rows, broad, oblong, nearly equalling

the rays, spinous-pointed and bordered with long, solitary spines; ach.

silky ; papp. sce. oblong, toothed, 2-seriate. Rohria spinosa, Hb. Thb. !

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Silverfontein, Drege! Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead /

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Readily known by its opposite and mostly connate leaves. Lvs, 13-2 in. long,

1-2 in. wide. Spines very long, yellow, slender. Lower and radical lvs. unknown.

There are excellent specimens of this in Hb. Th.; why omitted by Lessing I know not.

Vou, It. 32

498 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [Stobeea.

85. S. cruciata (Harv.); herbaceous, erect, glaucous, quite glabrous ;

stem and branches terete ; cauline leaves cordate-clasping at base, many-

nerved and netted-veined, tapering into a subulate, spinous point, with

similar, subulate, long marginal spine-lobes, and rounded, perfectly

smooth interspaces ; heads terminal, discoid; invol. se. longer than the

dise, spinoso-subulate, bearing 1-3 pair of marginal, simple or geminate,

long, rigid spines ; achenes silky-silvery ; pappus sc. biseriate, oblong,

toothed. Stobea glauca, DC. l. ¢. 516. Rohria cruciata, Th. Cap. 619.

Berkheya eruciata, Willd. Less. Syn. 76. DC. 1. €. 506.

Has. Oliphant’s-rivier, Thunberg / Zwarteberg, Drege! (Herb. Th., Sond.)

Apparently a tall, divaricately branched plant, quite herbaceous. Cauline leaves

14-2 in. long, 4-1 inch wide at base, very rigid. It is very different from S. gla-

brata. Why Lessing should have left it in Berkheya is unaccountable, as his own

ae of the pappus, “ paleis obovatis, obfusis, denticulatis,” clearly indicates a

36. S. glabrata (Th.! Cap. 620); stem herbaceous, robust, angularly

compressed and ridged, thinly flocculent-tomentose or nearly glabrous ;

cauline leaves cordate-clasping at base, netted-veined, glabrous or cob-

webbed, acuminate and spine-tipped, with 3-4 lanceolate -subulate,

spine-tipped lobes at base, the rest of the margin unequally spinous,

with erose or denticled interspaces; heads terminal, discoid, glabrous

or cobweb-woolly ; inv. sc. longer than the disc, lanceolate, acuminate,

spine-margined at base ; achenes silky-silvery ; pappus scales 2-serlate,

oblong, toothed. Less./ Syn. 67. DC. lc. 516.

Van. B, lanata ; all parts cobweb-cottony. St. lanata, Th. Cap. 621.

‘ln pe pincoean, Bata Sa robably much branched. Branches filled

with pate ern gpm Denes Lad amaaler . Leaves 2-3-4 in. long (lower leaves

probably much larger), 14-2 in. wide, tapering from a broad base. Disc 1 inch or

more in diameter. The sp. in Herb. Th. are flowering tops ; the lower and medial

eauline leaves are unknown. No recent collector has sent this plant.

37. §. pinnatifida (Th. Cap. 622); stem erect, terete, glandular-

puberulous ; cauline leaves narrowed toward the earclasping base,

deeply pinnatifid, concolourous, glabrous or beneath puberulous, the

lobes semi-lanceolate, spine-pointed, the whole margin and the wpper

surface (in a greater or less degree) set with slender, pungent spinules ;

heads discoid, clustered or corymbose ; iny. sc. longer than the disc,

semi-lanceolate, netted-veined, punctate, with binate basal spines and

few or many marginal spinules; achenes thinly silky; pappus biseriate,

short, denticled. Less. / Syn. 66. DO. l. €. 515.

Van. 8, angustata ; inv. sc. lance-subulate, nar. ; lvs. y. spiny above, (Hb. Sd. Hk.)

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Lion’s Mt., Eckl./ Capetown, Dr. Alexander Prior!

Var. B. Voormansbosch, Swell.! Zey.! 3029. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Very variable in the size of leaves and fl. heads, and also in the spinules on the

upper surface of the leaves ; these last are most abundant on the dwarfest specimens ;

in luxuriant plants they are few and far between. The expanded invol., in Thwn-

berg’s sp. is about } in. from tip to tip diameter ; in Ecklon’s from 1-14 in. ; and in

Dr. Prior's, fally 2 inches and upwards! Yet all these specimens probably grew

within the circuit of a couple of miles, and there is quite a gradation in other re

Spects between them. Var. 8. has narrower inv. sc.; in foliage it precisely tallies

with Thunberg’s original specimen.

Stobea. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 499

38, S. seminivea (DC! 1. c. 518); stem herbaceous, erect, terete,

branching, cobwebbed above; leaves not decurrent, tapering at base

into a winged, more or less spine-bordered petiole, oblong, pinnatifid

or deeply incised, cobwebbed at length nude, or minutely pubescent

(green) above, snow-white and woolly beneath, the lobes oblong or

lanceolate, few -toothed, the teeth and lobes spinous-mucronate, margins

minutely revolute, spinello-denticulate; heads discoid, panicled, (small)

inv. sc, rather shorter than the disc, cobwebby, margined with 2-3

spines; achenes thinly pilose; papp. sc. biseriate, obtuse, subdenticled.

Has. Betw. Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege! Natal, 7. Williamson! Gueinzius,

604/ Sutherland! Grant/ Gerr. and M’K. 306. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

A tall plant. Cauline leaves often 6-10 in. long, including the petiole, 4~5 in.

wide ; the lower leaves more deeply incised. Heads } in. diam.

39. S. rigida (Th.! Cap. 521); stem herbaceous, branching, terete,

cobwebby-canescent ; leaves rigid, sessile, half-clasping, the younger

cobwebbed, the adult glabrate above, all white-woolly beneath, deeply

pinnatifid or pinnutipartite, the lobes narrow, lanceolute or subulate,

with revolute margins, spinous-tipped, the margin sometimes spinel-

lose ; heads with few very short rays, or discoid, aggregated, subracemose,

short stalked ; inv. se. lanceolate, pungent, concave and woolly beneath,

with 1-2 pair of sub-basal, geminate spines; achenes (Hb. h.!) glab-

rous or (Hb, Eckl.?) very thinly silky.

Has. Near the sea shore, about Capetown and Simon’s bay, Thunberg! Ecklon!

MeGillavray! Milne! Cape Flats, Wallich!) (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A hoary, much-branched plant, with narrow-lobed leaves, which are at first

white on both sides, and afterwards green above. Leaves 2-4 in. long, spreading ;

lobes 1-2 lines wide. Heads small. I find perfectly glabrous ovaries on one of

Thunberg’s specimens ; and on one from Mi/ne (Hb. Hk.); but in Ecklon’s, marked

by Lessing, they are sparingly silky. In other respects the plants seem to agree.

I have only seen rays on one sp. (Hb. Th.) ; are they generally present? They

scarcely exceed the dise flowers in length.

40. S. bipinnatifida (Harv.); stem erect, sufiruticose, terete, cob-

webby-canescent, branching at the summit ; cauline leaves sub-petiolate,

clasping and stipell-spined at base, pinnatipartite, the lobes 3-5 pair,

narrow, decurrent, deeply incised or pinnatifid, with revolute, entire

margins, the lobes and lobules spinous-tipped, upper surface cobwebbed,

becoming glabrous, lower white-woolly ; heads discoid, small, subco-

- rymbose at the ends of the branches ; inv. sc. equalling the dise, nar-

row-lanceolote, bordered with simple spines ; achenes silky ; pappus

short, denticled.

Has. Howison’s Poort, Albany, H. Hutton! (Herb. D.)

A tall, virgate plant, 2-3 ft. or more high, all parts more or less canescent.

Leaves more divided than in any other ; the lower truly bipinnatifid ; lobes 1-2

lines wide. Heads very small, 4-5 lines diameter.

41. §. heterophylla (Th.! Cap. 622); stem herbaceous, erect or

ascending, cobweb-woolly ; leaves coriaceous, the adult glabrous above,

albo-tomentose beneath, the radical and lower ones tapering at base

into a petiole, coarsely sinuate-toothed, the teeth tipped with spines,

cauline clasping, sinuato-pinnatifid, undulate, the lobes short, simple

32*

500 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Stobeea.

or 3-lobuled, the lobules tipped with stronger spines ; heads discoid,

ending the branches, subcorymbose ; inv. sc. spreading or deflexed,

concave and woolly beneath, cobwebby becoming glabrate above, gene-

rally bearing a pair of geminate spines near the base (sometimes also

having 1-2 pair of solitary spines as well); young achenes covered with

short, white, swollen hairs becoming in age glabrate ; pappus sc. round-

ish, obtuse, sub-denticled. DC./ 1. c. p. 516, also 8. adenocarpa, DC.!

lic. 515. Apuleia heterophylla, Less.! Syn. p. 65.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Kochman’skloof, Mundt. Langekloof, Uitenhage and

Albany, Drege! Waste places and cult. ground, Uitenhage, EZ. § Z./ Grasrugg, Zey.!

986. Zontag’s R., Zey/ 987. (Herb. Th, D., Hk., Sd.)

Varying from erect, 2-3 ft. high, to decumbent 10-15 in. long ; all the young

parts hoary. I cannot distinguish 9. adenocarpa, DC. ; its achenes are not covered

with real glands, but with precisely similar swollen hairs to those on S. heterophylla,

Th. ; these hairs are sometimes copious, sometimes scanty, but that is all: there is

no difference in foliage or fl. heads.

42. §. atractyloides (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 621); stem herbaceous, erect,

glabrous, or the young parts very thinly cobwebbed ; cauline leaves

soon becoming glabrous and glossy above, more or less tomentose or

sometimes glabrous beneath, ear-clasping and adnate at base, rigid,

inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes semilanceolate, with wide interspaces, taper-

ing into a strong spine, the margin of lobes and interspaces ciliate with

slender spinules; heads corymbose or panicled, discoid; inv. scales

widely spreading, ovato-lanceolate, or lanceolate, concave beneath,

bearing strong geminate spines at base, and mostly ciliate with

slender spinules; achenes copiously silky with white hairs ; pappus

sc. short, subbiseriate, irregularly subconcrete. DC. 1. ¢. 515? also

S. rubricaulis, DC.! l.c. Apuleia atractyloides, Less.! Syn. 64. Apuleia

Zeyheri, Less. Syn. l.c. S. Zeyheri, DC. 1. c.

Var. 8. carlinoides, Less.!; smaller and more glabrous in all parts, with more

slender stems. S. carlinoides, Th./ Cap. 620. (Herb. Th.)

Has. Roggeveld, Th.! About Capetown and in Zwellandam, Eckl./ Cape Flats,

Wallich! Caledon, Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem often red or reddish, becoming glabrous. Leaves either green or while

beneath, varying much in this respect ; in Th. original specimen, though ‘concolor-

ous’ in a dry state, a close inspection shows toment. beneath, which was probably

once white. “DC. says the achenes are glabrous ; they are certainly not so in Thun-

berg’s plant. Ihave not seen Drege’s Namaqualand plant, quoted by DC. S. Zeyher,

Less.! of which I have seen the original, but now half-rotten specimen (in Hb. Sd.)

marked by Lessing himself, does not seem to me to have any stable characters ;

those he enumerates as separating it from S. atractyloides are certainly variable.

Of Drege’s 8. Zeyheri, I can say little, having seen but a rad. If. and a fl. twig; it

is much more tomentose than S. atractyloides usually is.

43. 8. biloba (DC. 1. c. 516); “stem herbaceous, erect, terete, sim-

ple, cobwebbed ; leaves sparingly setulose above, cano-tomentose be-

neath, the radical obovate-oblong, tapering into a long petiole; cauline

oblong, half-clasping, all pinnatifid, the lobes mostly 2-lobed, lobules

tapering into a spine, the margins here and there spinellose; heads 1—

3, pedicelled, discoid; inv. se. linear-lanceolate, having solitary, rarely

geminate, marginal spines, the outer reflexed, inner erect, rather longer

than the disc; ach. subvillose; papp. very short, uniseriate.” DC. l.¢.

Has. Near Liefde, on hills, 1000 ft., Drege. (Unknown to me.)

Berkheya. | COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 501

(Imperfectly known Species, )

§. acarnoides (DC. 1. c. 519) ; “stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous,

furrowed ; leaves subglabrous above, white-woolly beneath, sinuato-

pinnatifid, with rounded lobes, each carrying 3—5 spines and ciliato-

spinellose in the interspaces, the radical tapering at base, subpetiolate,

the cauline decurrent in lobed, ciliate and spiny stem-wings ; pedicels

subnude, 1-headed ; invol. sc. equalling the disc, glabrescent, margined

with solitary spines; achenes glabrous, turbinate; pappus sc. oval, very

minute, denticled.” DC. 7. c.

Has. Witberg, 6000-7000 ft., Drege.

This grows with S. cirsijfolia, to which it seems closely allied. In Hb. Sd. are

two leaves from Drege: they tell but little of the plant.

8. erysithales (DC. 1. c. 519); stem herbaceous, erect, branched,

terete, glabrate, cobwebby above; leaves sparsely setoso-scabrid above,

cano-tomentose beneath, scabrous on the midrib, the lowest pinnatifid,

cobwebbed beneath, tapering to the base, the lobes ample, ovate, bear-

ing 5-7 slender spines, and spinelloso-ciliolate in the interspaces, the

cauline decurrent in spinous stem-wings, the uppermost half-clasping ;

heads radiate, on nude, pubescent pedicels ; inv. sc. equalling the disc,

scarcely cobwebbed beneath, the margin ciliato-spinellose ; achenes

glabrous; pappus uniseriate.

Has. Omsamcaba, near the river’s mouth, Drege.

Of Drege’s plant I have seen merely a leaf-lobe (Hb. Sd.). Judging by descrip-

tion, it must come very near S. discolor.

S. carlinefolia (DC. 1. c. 516); “stem herbaceous, erect, straight,

substriate, puberulous; radical leaves . . . . ; cauline shortly decur-

rent, erect, oblong, glabrescent on both sides, sinuato-pinnatifid, long-

spinous-toothed ; heads subracemose, small, discoid ; inv. sc. lanceolate,

spinous-toothed and ciliate, twice as long as the disc; achenes silky ;

papp. se. 1-seriate, linear-oblong, subacute.” DC. 7. c.

Has. Nieuweveld, betw. Zakrivierspoort and Leewenfont, Drege. ‘

: CXXXIX. BERKHEYA, Ehrh.

Heads radiate, rarely discoid; ray-/. ligulate, neuter ; disc-/t. 5-toothed,

perfect. Recept, honeycombed or deeply pitted. nv. sc. free or more

or less concrete, in few or many rows, spinous-pointed. i. smooth.

Achenes mostly silky or pubescent, rarely glabrous. Pappus sc. biseri-

ate, lanceolate or subulate, acute or much acuminate, serrato-fimbriate

or ciliato-serrulate. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 504.

Herbs, often thistle-like, or small shrubs. Leaves rigid, more or less ciliate or

spinous-toothed. Heads solitary, or corymbose, terminal. Fl. yellow. Named in

honour of Zefrang von Berkhey. Tt is only known from Stobea by its acute or

taper-pointed pappus scales.

Sect. 1. Evopis (Cass.). Herbs, with large, oblong or obovate, subpetiolate

radical and lower leaves, and a subsimple, 1- or few-headed stem, clothed with small

stem-clasping, spinoso-ciliate, cauline leaves. Achenes silky. Pappus-sc. lanceolate,

serrato-fimbriate. (Sp. 1-6.) :

502 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Berkheya.

Inv. se. quite glabrous :

All the inv. sc. concave, erect, entire-edged ... ... (1) ¢ynaroides.

Outer inv. sc. rigidly ciliate or pectinate :

Inner inv. sc. lanceolate, concave, entire ... ... (2) scolymoides.

Inner inv. sc. lance-linear, flat, much acuminate,

ciliate or subentire ... ... ... .-. %-. +. (3) carthamoides.

Inv. sc. pubescent:

Subradical leaves glabrous above, tomentose beneath :

Outer invol. scales squarrose, sinuous, cordate or

oblong eeic: sued sad. isrisciyis wereenee waciridh Oe

Outer inv. se. straight, ovato-lanceolate, acumi-

nee ic Oe A RE a RE ee

Subradical and cauline leaves on both sides green,

softly hairy sx. Bede Cine es cen 2 (6) pungens:

Sect. 2. Bastmrta (Less.). Branching shrubs or rigid herbs, uniformly leafy.

Leaves all pinnatipartite, alternate. Achenes sparingly pubescent or glabrous. Papp.

sc. lanceolate, serrato-fimbriate. (Sp. 7-10.)

Shrubs: leaf-lobes smooth above :

Leaf-lobes approximate, the upper long, lower suddenly shorter :

Lf.-lobes subglabrous beneath, with reflexed edges;

inner invol, sc. short, broadly oblong, concave,

mucronate fig? aE ise ees head neticcns, 1 eae.

Leaf-lobes woolly beneath, with revolute edges ;

inner inv. sc. lanceolate-acuminate .-. «+ (8) palmata.

Leaf-lobes distant, the lower gradually shorter ... (9) pinnata.

Herb: leaf-lobes rib-striate, spinous on the striae above ... (10) stobmoides.

Sect. 3. Eu-Brerxarya (Less.). Shrubs, suffrutices, or herbs, uniformly leafy.

Leaves undivided, spinoso- or setoso-ciliate. Achenes silky. Pappus-sc. short, lan-

ceolate, acute or subacuminate, serrate or lacerate. (Sp. 11-19.)

Leaves opposite :

Leaves linear or lance-linear, with revolute margins (11) lanceolata.

Lys. oblong-elliptical, narrowed at base, flat ... ... (12) grandiflora.

Leaves alternate :

Shrubs, with woolly or canous branches :

Lys. leathery with recurved edges, glabr. above,

woolly beneath, subpetiolate, obovate, distantly

se aie otigestgaeeg, SR a ae ee

Lys. thin, flat, cobwebbed above, canous beneath,

on spine-bordered petioles, oval or oblong, dis-

tantly spine-toothed ee et

Lys. on both sides woolly, cuneate-obovate, ta-

pering at base, 3-5-spine-toothed at apex ... (15) cuneata.

Leaves green and veiny above, woolly beneath,

rigid, sessile, obovate, undulato-sinuate, spi-

HOUG-WOGUDO: wy ae 5 ee eee ase

Rigid, subsimple herbs, with glabrous, striate stems :

Lys. ovate-oblong, green above, snow-white be-

neath Sth. ee SRE Say Septhrea: ib. hep) een

Lys. linear-subulate, with revolute margins, gla-

(18) subulata.

(13) coriacea.

(16) Dregei.

POUS cae bse 2 wee bo heed eee be pas wee

A flaccid herb, with setose stems ; lvs. obl.-lanceolate,

white beneath, setose above, rigidly ciliate, but not :

SU Ae ss a ie, te ee eee

Sect. 4. Tricuopgs (DC.). Shrubs, with alternate, undivided, or sinuoso-pin-

natifid leaves, the teeth 4 lobes spinigerous. alan silky. ge “re sc, bristle-

shaped, tapering to a hairlike point. (Sp. 20-22).

Glabrous: Ivs. obovate, sessile 9... -4. rvs ves vee ve (20) ObovAtD.

Berkheya. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 503

Branches (at least) tomentose or canous ; lvs. generally so:

Leaves petioled, elliptic or ovate, spine-stipelled .... ... ... (21) canescens.

Lvs. sinuoso-pinnatifid, the lobes bearing long spines .... .... (22) corymbosa.

Szor. 5. Tricnocoma (DC.). Herbs with large, petiolate, spinulous on the upper

surface, radical and subradical leaves. Stem simple, nude or winged with the

decurrent bases of depauperated stem-leaves. Achenes pubescent. Papp. sc. bristle-

shaped, tapering to a hairlike point. (Sp. 23-24).

Leaves obovate-obl., tapering into a long petiole ; stem nude,

Hpwahended 20. wc. seen 'nne) ‘nnn. 006. nen Siang Wines BAN pee (RRR

Lvs. lyrato-pinnatifid, on a lobulate petiole ; stem spinous-winged ;

heads umbellate, on woolly pedicels ... ... s+ see eee eae (24) Umbellata.

Sect. 6. Pszupo-Stopza. Rigid, branching herbs, uniformly leafy. Leaves

stem-clasping, sinuoso-pinnatifid, spinous toothed. Headsdiscoid. Achenes minutely

pubescent. Papp. sc. very short and narrow, lanceolate, acute, serrate. (Sp. 25).

Stem cobwebbed ; Ivs. glabr. above, canous beneath; inv. sc. broad (25) annectens.

Sect. 1. Evopis. (Sp. 1-6).

1. B. cynaroides (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 2275); stem herbaceous, simple

or racemose at the summit, angular, subglabrous ; lower leaves oblong

or lanceolate, subacute, tapering much at base, subpetioled, entire or

remotely denticled, glabrous above, woolly beneath ; upper (small) am-

plexicaul, oblong or lanceolate, spinoso-ciliate ; inv. sc. glabrous, erect,

imbricate, ovato-lanceolate, concave, shining, pungent, entire-edged.

Less. Syn. 69. DO. 1. c. 504. Rohria cynaroides, Vahl., Th. Cap. 619.

B. scolymoides, Drege! in Hb. Hk., nee DC.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Mundt! Babylonscher Toornberg, EZ. § Z./ Zey./ 3030.

(Herb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Stem 1-1} ft. high. Lower lvs. 5-6 in. long, $-3 in. wide, frequently quite entire.

Heads racemose, on 1-14 in. long pedicels, erect ; outer inv. sc. short, ovate, inner

more and more lanceolate, all rigid, dry, fulvous. Recept. deeply ; itted, the cells

with jagged, membranous edges. Achenes clothed with long, silky hairs. Papp.

sc.. lanceolate, acuminate, serrato-ciliate. A specimen from Drege, in Hb. Hk.,

marked “ B. scolymoides,” precisely agrees with B. cynaroides, Less. !

2. B. scolymoides (DC. 1. c. 504); stem herbaceous, simple or tacemo-

so-paniculate at the summit, striate, minutely puberulous; lower leaves

oblongo-lanceolate, pungent, tapering at base into a petiole, glabrous

above, woolly beneath, sinuous, the short lobes armed with 1-2 strong

spines ; medial lvs. similar, but sessile; upper clasping, glabrous on

both sides, many-nerved at base and veiny, closely pectinate with

spinous cilia; inv. sc. glabrous, erect, imbricate, concave, the outer

ovate, rigidly ciliate, the inner lanceolate, equalling the rays, quite

entire,

Has. Tulbagh, Dr. Thom! Paarlberg, Drege, fide DC., Hott. Holland, 2. & Z. /

(Herb. Sd., Hk.) |

T describe from Z. § Z.’s specimen, which quite agrees with DC.’s description ;

whereas a sp. from Drege (in Hb. Hk.) marked “ scolymoides, DC.” is unquestion-

ably B. eynaroides, The present is nearly intermediate between the last named

species and B. carthamoides. In Dr. Thom’s sp. (Hb. Hk.) the heads are shortly

racemose. : :

8. B. earthamoides (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 2274); stem herbaceous, simple

or corymbose at the summit, angular, glabrous or cobwebbed ; lower e ~

504 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Berkheya.

leaves oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, 3-nerved, tapering much at base,

subglabrous above, woolly beneath, repand or sinuous, undulate, more

or less bordered with strong spines; upper stem-clasping, oblong or

cordate, many-nerved and veiny, glabrous or canous beneath, closely

pectinate with spinous cilia; inv. sc. glabrous (or the outer cobwebbed),

erect, imbricate, the outer shorter and broader, pectinato-ciliate, Inner

lance-linear, flat, much acuminate, ciliate or subentire. ess. Syn. 70,

DC. lc. 505. Rohria carthamoides, Th.! Cap. 618. € Rohria armata,

Vahl.

Var. 8. uniflora; stem one-headed, outer inv. sc. ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate.

B. uniflora, Willd. l. c. Less.! Syn. 71. DO. 1. c. Rohria monanthos, Th.! Cap. 618.

(Hb. Th.)

saint oe Round Capetown and in the W. districts, common. (Herb. Th., D., Hk.,

Known from the preceding by the very long, narrow, flat and often ciliate inner

inv. scales. Var. 8. appears to me to be a very trifling variety.

4, B. carlinoides (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 2275); stem herbaceous, simple

or racemose at summit, angular, pubescent ; lower leaves obovate-ob-

long or oblong, tapering much at base, glabrous above, woolly beneath,

repando-sinuous, spinous toothed ; upper cordate-clasping, acuminate,

recurved, hispidulous on both sides, strongly spinous-toothed, undulate ;

inv. sc. pubescent, the outer squarrose, undulate (leaflike), sinuous,

_ spinous-toothed, cordate or oblong, inner lance-subulate, much acumi-

nate, bordered with long spines. Less. Syn. 72. DC. 1. c. 505. Rohria

carlinoides, Th.! Cap. 619.

Has. Devil’s Mt., Capetown, Thunb./ Lion’s Mt., Mundt, fide Less. (Herb. Th.)

I have only seen the single specimen in Hb. Thunb. ; one from Ecklon (Hb. Sd.)

marked ‘ carlinoides, is certainly only a var. of B. carthamoides. Lessing does not

notice the broad, leafy outer inv. sc., which are very conspicuous in Thunberg’s

specimen, and quite unlike the outer sc. of any other of this section.

5. B, Ecklonis (Harv.); stem herbaceous, racemose at summit, pu-

bescent ; lower leaves obovate-oblong, tapering much at base, glabrous

above, tomentose (becoming glabrate) beneath, sinuous and spinous-

toothed ; upper cordate-clasping, hispidulous on both sides, strongly

spinous-toothed ; inv. sc. pubescent, spreading, the outer straight,

ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, inner lance-subulate, much attenuate, all

bordered with long, slender spines.

Has. Swellendam? Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.)

This has the lower leaves of B. carlinoides ; and the involucre of B. pungens ; it

is almost exactly intermediate therefore between these ‘species.’ It may be the

plant quoted by Lessing, as from Ecklon, under B. carlinoides.

6. B. pungens (Willd. 1.c.); stem, leaves on both sides, and inv. se.

softly pubescent ; lower leaves oblong, narrowed to the base, pungent,

somewhat sinuous and spinous-toothed, upper cordate-ovate, clasping,

many-nerved, veiny, unequally spinous-toothed ; inv. sc. spreading, the

outer lanceolate, the inner lance-linear, acuminate, all ciliate with long

spines. Less./ Syn. 73. DC.l.c. Rohria pungens, Th.! Cap. 618.

Hav. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb TH) |

Berkheya.| COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 505

Known from all the section by its copious pubescence, which is probably viscidu-

lous when fresh. The lower leaves, in the solitary specimen seen by me, are not

much longer than the upper ; there is no woolliness on any part of the plant.

Sect. 2. Basreria. (Sp. 7-10.)

7. B. eryngiifolia (Less.! Syn. 73) ; shrubby, branches closely leafy

to the summit, pubescent (not woolly); leaves very rigid, squarrose,

puberulous on both sides, pinnatisect, upper segments 2-3 pair, lance-

subulate, pungent, with reflexed margins, lower short toothlike ; inv.

se. puberulous (not woolly), the outer spine-toothed at base, lanceolate,

acuminate, the inner much shorter, broadly oblong, concave, mucronate.

DC. 1. ¢. 505. Rohria palmata, litt. 8, Th.! in Herb.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Th.)

Very similar to B. palmata in foliage and general aspect, but without woolliness,

with rather broader leaves, and especially differing in the shape of the inner inv.

scales. Ecklon’s plant (quoted with doubt by DC.) belongs to B. palmata.

8. B. palmata (Willd. 1. c. 2271); shrubby, branches closely leafy

to the summit, woolly or flocculent ; leaves very rigid, squarrose, gla-

brous and glossy above, cobweb-cottony beneath, pinnatisect, the seg-

ments close-set, upper much longer, subulate, pungent, keeled above,

with revolute margins, lower short, spinelike ; outer inv. se. flocculent,

spine-toothed at base, inner entire, lanceolate-acuminate, longer than

the rays; achenes sparsely hispid; papp. sc. lanceolate, fimbriate.

Less. Syn. 74. DC. l.c. 505. Rohria palmata, Th.! Cap, 620. Hetero-

rachis spinosissima, Sch. B. in Bot. Zeit. xxvii. 775. Walp. Rep. 6, 278.

Sage Cape, Thunberg! Tigerberg, Mundt./ Bergriver, Ecklon! (Herb. Th., D.,

An SB accitiats rigid, coarse-growing shrub, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves 1-2 in. long,

their upper lobes 7-1 in. long, 1-1} 1. wide, strongly revolute.

9, B. pinnata (Less.! Syn. 75); shrubby, branches closely leafy to

the summit, woolly ; leaves very rigid, erecto-patent, woolly beneath,

becoming glabrous and glossy above, pinnnatisect, the segments remote,

in several pair, the upper subulate, with revolute margins, pungent,

lower gradually shorter and narrower, lowest spinelike ; inv. se. in. few

rows, spreading, lanceolate-acuminate, the outer spine-toothed at base ;

ovaries villous; papp. sc. fimbriate. DC. 7. c.505. Stobea pinnata, Th.!

Cap. 622.

Var. 8. minor; smaller in all parts, with shorter and narrower leaves. (Hb. Hk.)

Has. Bockland, Thunb Onderbokkeveld and Zeederbergen, Drege/ Var. 8,

Mountain-peaks in Graaf-Reynet, Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. Th., Sd.)

Habit of B. palmata, but with more erect and longer leaves, and more numerous

and distant leaflobes, &c. Leaves 2}-34 in. long, the upper lobes 1-14 in long.

Var. 8, has much smaller leaves, with narrower lobes, and smaller fi.-heads, but

— a by a tangible character: its Ivs. are 1-13 in. long, lobes 3-$ in. long,

4 ide.

10. B. stobseoides (Harv.); herbaceous, rigid, paniculately branched ;

stem striate, subglabrous, viscidulous ; leaves alternate, spreading, half-

clasping, and spine-stipelled at base, pinnatisect, the segments in about

3 pair, broadly subulate, with revolute margins, pungent and spinoso-

506 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [ Berkheya.

ciliate, closely rib-striate, with spinules on the striz above, glabrous

beneath, often 1r-lobed at base ; heads small, corymbose, discoid ; inv.

sc. subulate, longer than the disc, with revolute, spinoso-ciliate margins;

ovaries glabrous; papp. sc. lanceolate, acuminate, fimbriate.

Has, Rhinoster River, Burke and Zeyher! Zey.! 982. (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.)

A very distinct species, with the general habit of a Stobewa, but the pappus of a

Berkheya. Leaves 2-2} in. long, their lobes 7-1 in. long, 1-2 lines wide. Heads

few-flowered ; bristles of the receptacle § as long as the flowers.

Sect. 3. Eu-Berxunya. (Sp. 11-18.)

11. B. lanceolata (Willd. 1. c, 2270); branches tomentose; leaves

opposite, or the upper alternate, sessile, convex and. becoming quite

glabrous above, tomentose beneath, linear or lance-linear, pungent, with

revolute margins, distantly spinous-toothed ; heads terminal, subpedun-

culoid; inv. sc. linear, leaflike, spine-bordered, shorter than the rays ;

achenes silky; papp. sc. short, lanceolate-acuminate. Less./ Syn. 76.

DC. 1. ¢. 506. Rohria lanceolata, Th.! Cap. 616. R. revoluta, Vahl.

B. grandifiora, var. angustifolia, DC.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Albany, E. § Z.! Algoa Bay, Forbes! Near Port Uliza-

beth, Zey./ 3023. Zuureberg, Drege. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) s

1-2 ft. high. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 1-3 1. wide, subconnate, not narrowed at base.

12. B. grandiflora (Willd. 1. c. 2271); branches tomentose; leaves

opposite or the upper sometimes alternate, flat, glabrous above, woolly

beneath, oblong or elliptical, narrowed to the base, spinous-toothed ;

outer inv. se. tomentose beneath, oblong or ovate, inner narrow, sub-

glabrous, all bordered with very long spines ; achenes silky ; papp. sc.

short, lanceolate, acuminate. Less./ Syn. 77. DC. l.c. 506. Rohria

grandiflora, Th.! Cap. 619. R&R. iicifolia, Vahl.

Has. Rietvalley and Buffeljagts R., Thunb.‘ Hott. Holl. and Houw Hoek

Pass; and Pikenierskloof, £.<¢ Z.! Goerre’s Hoogte, Mundt.! Camp’s Bay Hills,

W. H. H. Simonsbay, C. Wright! 337. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Allied to B. lanceolata, but with much broader leaves and larger fl. heads. Leaves

1-13 in. long, 4-8 lines wide, conspicuously narrowed to the base, the margin very

minutely recurved.

13. B. coriacea (Harv.); shrubby, the branches tomentose ; leaves

alternate, crowded, leathery, soon glabrous above, woolly beneath, obo-

vate, tapering into a nude or few-spined petiole, with recurved margins,

distantly spine-toothed ; inv. sc. oblongo-lanceolate, the outer dorsally

woolly, bordered with strong spines, inner narrower and shorter, sub-

glabrous, ciliolate ; achenes silky; papp. se. short, lanceolate, subacute,

toothed.

Has. Port Beaufort, Mundt! (Herb. D., Hk.)

Allied in character to B. incana, but of much stronger growth, with tough and

thickish leaves and flower-heads as large as those of B. grandiflora. The leaves ave

closely set, but all alternate. :

14. B. incana (Willd. 1. c. 2269); branches canescent; leaves alter-

nate, oval or oblong, flat, on very short, half-clasping, spine-bordered

petioles, cobwebby at length glabrous above, thinly cano-tomentose

beneath ; distantly spiious-tolthed | iny. sc, oblong or broadly linear,

Berkheya.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 507

bordered with slender spines, tomentose beneath; achenes silky; papp.

sc, lanceolate, acute, toothed. B. fruticosa, Khr. Less.! Syn. 78. DC.

Ll. c. 506. Rohria incana, Th.! Cap. 617. Gorteria asteroides, Lin. f.

Jacq. Ic. rar. t. 591.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Mundt! Heerelogement, #. ¢ Z./ Olifants R., and

Litt. Namaqualand, Drege/ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Rather a straggling suffrutex, with an ashen grey colour, the branches divaricate,

especially the flowering ones, Heads small ; the dise 4 1. across ; the expanded inv.

about 1 in, diam., in fruit.

15. B. cuneata (Willd. 1. c. 2270); branches tomentose ; leaves

alternate, thickish, on both sides woolly, cuneate-obovate, tapering at

base, 3-5 spined, toothed at the apex; outer inv. sc. hoary, ovate-

oblong, acute, spine-bordered, inner longer and narrower; ovaries silky ;

papp. se. (fide Less.) “much acuminate, unequal, plumose.” Less, /

Syn. 79. DC. l. c. 506. Rohria cuneata, Th.! Cap. 617.

Has. Karroo, Thunb! Gamko-karroo, Mundt! Zwellendam, Dr. Thom! E. §. Z!

(Herb. Th., Sd., Hk.)

Leaves about 1 in. long, 3-4 1. wide at the apex, tapering much to the base.

Heads subsessile, small ; the rays shorter than the inv.

16. B. Dregei (Harv.); shrubby, the branches tomentose; leaves

alternate, rigid, thinly cobwebbed and veiny, becoming glabrate above,

woolly beneath, sessile, obovate, repando-sinuate, subundulate, and

unequally spinous toothed; inv. sc. lanceolate, dorsally woolly bordered,

with strong spines. Berkh. 2901, a, Hb. Drege!

Has. Cape, Drege! (Herb. Sd.)

Of this seemingly distinct species I have seen but a small fragment, the fi. head

of which is completely worm-eaten. Leaves 2 in. long, 1-1} in. wide.

17. B. seminivea (Harv. and Sond.); stem herbaceous, subsimple,

striate, minutely puberulous or glabrous, leafy; leaves alternate, sessile,

ovate-oblong or elliptical, green and minutely scaberulous above, snow-

white beneath, spine-stipelled at base and ciliate with rigid spines;

heads 1~3, ending the nude, pedunculoid apex of the stem or branches ;

inv. sc. linear-lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, closely spinoso-ciliate ;

ach, silky ; papp. se. lance-oblong, subacute, toothed.

Has. Magalisberz, Burke and Zeyher, Zey.! 794. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A very handsome species. Stems 1-2 ft. high, leafy for upwards of # their length,

thence pedunculoid, 1-3 headed, pale green, the young ones very minutely puberu-

lous. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 5-8 lines wide, delicately penninerved and veiny above.

Heads of large size, radiate. The pappus scales are almost intermediate in charac-

ter between those of Stobea and Berkheya, but the habit is more of the latter genus.

18. B, subulata (Harv.) ; stem herbaceous, subsimple, terete, striate,

glabrous or near the summit gland-puberulous, leafy ; leaves approxi-

mate, alternate, glabrous, linear-subulate, with revolute margins, re-

motely spinoso-ciliate and spine-stipelled ; heads ending the laxly leafy

or nude apex of the stem ; inv. sc. subulate, acuminate, minutely glan-

dular, spinoso-ciliate ; papp. sc. lanceolate, acuminate, incised, twice as

long as the silky achene.

Has. Dry plains, Zululand, Gerr. 6 McK./ 1048. (Herb. D.)

508 COMPOSIT# ( Harv.) [Berkheya.

A remarkable species, unlike any other Berkheya, but with somewhat the aspect

of Stobea Zeyheri, S. and H. Stem 1-2 ft. high ; the barren stems very densely,

the flowering more laxly leafy. Leaves 14-2 in. long, not 1 line wide.

19, B.? gazanioides (Harv.) ; stem herbaceous, rigidly setose ; leaves

alternate, subdistant, oblongo-lanceolate, subacute, tapering at base,

entire, rigidly setose above and on the midrib beneath, tomentose be-

neath, rigidly-ciliate especially toward the base, but not spinous ; outer

inv, sc. lineari-subulate, attenuate, sub-biseriate, pectinato-ciliate, inner

much shorter, lanceolate, membr.-edged and purple-ribbed, ciliolate ;

ovaries very silky ; papp. sc. nearly as long as disc-corolla, lanceolate,

incised.

Has. Damaraland, Mrs. Kolbe! (Herb. D.)

Of this most remarkable plant I have only seen a single flowering branch, about

6 inches long, bearing 3 distant leaves and a fi.-head closely subtended by 3 others.

Leaves 2-24 in. long, 3-4 1. wide. Outer inv, sc. 1-14 in. long, } 1. wide. The

* sete on all parts of the plant are rigid, but none are spinous. Rays many, longer

than the inv. sc., yellow. In gen. char. it oscillates between Gazania and Berkheya ;

but the inv. sc. are concrete at the very base only.

Sect. 4. TricHopgs. (Sp. 20-22).

20. B. obovata (Willd. 1. c. 2269); glabrous ; leaves alternate, ses-

sile, obovate or oblong-obovate, distantly spinous-toothed, pungent ;

inv, sc. oblong or lanceolate, few-spined, the inner shorter and narrower;

achenes silky ; papp. sc. very long, subulate, very much acuminate.

Less.! Syn. 80. DC. 1. ¢. 507. Rohria obovata, Th. ! Cap, 617.

Has. Karroo, Thunberg! Drege! Kamnario, Mundt. (Hb. Th., Hk., Sd.)

Readily known among its allies by the perfectly glabrous foliage.

21. B. canescens (DC.! 1. c. 507); branches cano-tomentose ; leaves

alternate, petiolate, elliptical or ovate, distantly spinous-toothed, on

both sides thinly canous ; petiole at the base 3—5-spine-stipelled ;

heads subcorymbose, pedicelled ; inv. sc. glabrescent, narrow, shorter

than the rays, spine-bordered ; achenes silky ; papp. sc. bristle-shaped,

tapering to a hair-like point.

Has. Gariep, near Verleptpram, Drege/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very like B. incana in general aspect ; but with larger leaves, smaller fl. heads,

more glabrous iny. sc., and a very different pappus. A specimen from Drege (Hb.

Sd.) marked “ B. fruticosa, c.” belongs to this species.

22. B. corymbosa (DC.! 1. c. 507); branches cano-tomentose; leaves

alternate, sessile or subpetiolate, on both sides cano-tomentose (or gla-

brate/) sinuoso-pinnatifid or tooth-lobed, the lobes produced into long

spines ; corymb compound, level-topped, many-headed ; inv. sc. about

equalling the rays, lanceolate, glabrate, few-spined ; ach. silky ; papp-

sc. bristle-shaped, tapering to a hair-like point.

Var. 8. glabrata; leaves becoming glabrous on both sides. (Herb. Hk., Sd.) °

Has. Zilverfontein, Drege! Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead/ B. Kamos,

Zey.! 983. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

ves 14-2 in. long, 4 in. wide ; in more luxuriant specimens the lower leaves

are subpetioled, the petiole with a pair of spine-toothed ears at base. Zeyher’s 983

has nearly glabrous foliage !

Berkheya. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) | 509

Sect. 5. Trichocoma. (Sp. 23-24).

23. B. setifera (DC. 1. c. 507); leaves confined to the base of the

stem, obovate or obovate-oblong, tapering much at base into a long,

half-clasping petiole, subentire or distantly spinous-toothed, the margin

and upper surface thickly covered with pungent bristles, otherwise gla-

brous, the under thinly pilose ; peduncular-stem nearly nude, elongate,

terete, cobwebbed or glabrous, bearing about 3 pedicelled fl. heads ;

inv. sc. linear-lanceolate, closely ciliate with slender spinules ; ach.

pubescent ; papp. se. very long, straw-colour, subulate-acuminate,

tapering to hair-like points.

Has. Omtata, Drege. Doornkop, Burke/ (Herb. Hk.)

Of Drege’s plant I have only seen a leaf, in Hb. Sd. ; I describe from Burke's

(Hb. Hk.) which agrees well with DC.’s character. Leaves (including their petiole)

12-15 in. long, 3-4 in. wide. Peduncular-stem 2-2} ft. high.

24. B. umbellata (DC. 1. c. 507); lower and subradical leaves lyrato-

pinnatifid, tapering at base into a lobulate and spine-toothed petiole,

the leaf-lobes broad, longer or shorter, the margin and upper surface

covered with short, pungent bristles, the under scaberulous ; cauline

leaves small, linear, spine bordered, decurrent in long, sinuous, spinous

stem-wings which clothe the stem to its summit; heads subumbellate,

10-12, on woolly pedicels ; heads discoid ; inv. sc. linear-lanceolate,

ciliolate and spinous at base ; ach. pubescent ; papp. sc. subulate-acu-

minate, tapering to hair-like points.

Has. Omtata, and betw. Omtendo and Omsamculo, Drege. Natal, Gueinzius/

318, 596. Bullies’ Grave, Brit. Kaffraria, W. S. M. D’ Urban, 58. (Herb. Sond., D.)

With much of the habit of B. setifera, but readily known by its winged-stem and

more or less deeply pinnatifid lower leaves, &c.

Sect. 6. Pssupo-stopza. (Sp. 25)

25. B.? annectens (Harv.) ; stem herbaceous, branching, terete, cob-

webbed; leaves half-clasping at base, glabrous above, canescent be-

neath, sinuoso-pinnatifid, spinoso-acuminate, the lobes semi-lanceo-

late, spine-tipped, the interspaces sparingly spinellate ; heads small,

few-fl., discoid; inv. sc. in few series, concrete, ovate-acuminate,

dorsally canous, few-spined at base, widely spreading, the innermost

longest; recept. deeply pitted, the margins of the cells fimbriate;

achenes ribbed, thinly pubescent; papp. sc. very short, lanceolate, acute,

serrate.

Has. Bitterfontein, Zey.! 984. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

In habit, and every other character save pappus, this is like a Stobea: but as

the papp. scales, though small, are assuredly acute, I place it in Berkheya, It

must be confessed however that it almost unites the two genera, being even more

a Stobwa than B. stobeoides.

(Imperfectly known species.)

_ B.? hirpicioides (Sond. !); root-stock creeping?; stems erect, sub-

simple, leafy, setose ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, tapering at

base into a setoso-ciliate petiole, closely echinate with sharp points

above, tomentose beneath, with reflexed, distantly spine-toothed mar-

gins, setose on the midrib beneath; heads terminal, subsessile ; inv.

510 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Didelta.

sc. lanceolate, gland puberulous, spinoso-ciliate at base only ; achenes

and pappus unknown.

Has. Aapjes R., Zeyher! (Herb. Sd.)

A small plant, very different in foliage from any other Berkheya. The only fl.

head I have seen is completely worm-eaten; the genus is therefore at present doubt-

ful. It may be a Stobea.

CXL. DIDELTA, L’ Her.

Heads mostly radiate; the ray-fl, when present, ligulate, neuter;

dise-fl. 5-toothed, perfect. Recept. honey-combed, the margins of thecells

rigidly fimbrilliferous, Inv. sc. concrete at base, in two rows; the se. of

the rows very unequal, sometimes the outer, sometimes the inner scales

largest. Filam. smooth. Achenes wingless. Pappus uniseriate, palea-

ceous, the palez fimbriato-plumuse. DC. Prodr. 6, p. 503.

Half-shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or sinuate-toothed,

unarmed or spinous, Heads terminal, peduncled, solitary. Fl. yellow. Name from

dis, double, and deAra, the Greek letter A (D); the iny. is double, and the inv. se.

in the original species triangular.

— 1. CHoristea (Th,). Outer invol. sc. few, broadly ovate or cordate, inner

sm. .

Shrubby ; leaves opposite, cordate or elliptical, veiny ... (1) spinosum.

Herbaceous ; lvys. alternate, oblongo-spathulate, veinless :

Stem and leaves glabrous or nearly so Ses “eee: ‘wes (2) CAFNOSUI.

Stem and leaves densely white-woolly + see «ee (3) tomentosum.

Sect. 2. Cusprpra (Less.). Outer inv. scales numerous, very small, spine-tipped,

inner larger, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, ciliate. Annuals.

Stems elongate; lvs. clasping, obovate-oblong, not greatly

tapering at base; ovaries nearly glabrous... ... ... (4) cernuum,

Stems short; lvs. greatly tapering at base ; ovaries villous (5) annuum.

Sect. 1. CHorisTea, (Sp. 1-3.)

1. D. spinosum (Ait. Kew. 3, p. 256); shrubby, glabrous; leaves op-

posite, decussate, sessile, broadly cordate or elliptical, mucronate, quite

entire or distantly spiniferous, midribbed and. netted-veined beneath ;

outer inv. sc. 4—5, very large, cordate-ovate. Less.! Syn. 60. DC. 1. c.

503. Choristea spinosa, Thunb. Cap. 702.

Has. Olifant’s R., Thunberg! Tulbagh, Dr. Thom! Bergvalley, Drege! Heere-

logement, Clanw., E. & Z./ Zey,.! 978. Namaqualand, A. Wyley / Modderfontein,

Rev. H. Whitehead! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Young parts sometimes tomentose, the toment. soon wearing off. Leaves some-

times clasping, sometimes simply sessile, 2-2} in. long, 1-2 in. wide, of thin sub-

stance, but rigid. Outer and medial invol. sc. leaf-like; innermost very smail and

narrow, acute.

2. D. carnosum (Ait. 1. c. 256); herbaceous, the young parts floccu-

lent, then glabrous; leaves mostly alternate, fleshy, with immersed veins,

oblongo-spathulate, tapering much at base; outer inv. se. 3-5, deltoid-

ovate, subserrulate, veiny, inner lanceolate, acuminate. Less. / Syn. 61-

DC.1.¢. 503% D. tetragonicefolium, I’ Her. St. Nov. t. 28. Chorestea

carnosa, Th.! Cap. 703.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Heerelogement, Clanw., E. § Z.! Mierenkasteel and Hol-

Didelta.| COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 511

river, Drege! Sea shore, St. Helena Bay, Dr. Wallich! Namaqualand, A. Wyley/

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) 7 en ee

Root seemingly annual. Stem much branched from the base, erect or diffuse.

Lower leaves sometimes opposite. Leaves 2-3 in. long, 3-5 |. wide, obtuse. Rays

golden-yellow.

3. D. tomentosum (Less.! Syn. 61); herbaceous, stem and leaves on

both surfaces persistently white-woolly ; leaves alternate (or sometimes

opposite), fleshy, veinless, subspathulate-oblong, not much narrowed

at base ; outer inv. sc. 3-5, deltoid-ovate, subserrulate, veiny, inner

lanceolate, acuminate. DC.1.c. 503. Arctotis lancea, Hb. Th.! D.

carnosum, litt. c. Hb. Drege!

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Rietvalley, Cape, £. § Z./_ Near the mouth of the Gariep,

Drege! Namaqualand, A. Wyley/ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root seemingly annual. Stem branching, erect or diffuse. Leaves 14-24 in. long,

3-41. wide. Rays deeporange. Very similar to D. carnosum, except that all parts

are thickly covered with white woolliness.

Sect. 2. Cusprpia. (Sp. 4-5.)

4. D. cernuum (Less.! Syn. 62.); herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so,

branching, diffuse ; leaves alternate, half-clasping, oblong or obovate,

acute, coarsely spinous-toothed, the margin spinelloso-ciliate; outer inv.

sc. numerous, short, spine-tipped, inner leafy, oblong-lanceolate, ciliate-

pungent, achenes glabrous, at the apex pubescent. DC. 1. ¢. 503. Gorteria

cernua, Linn. f. Th.! Cap. 697. Berkheya cernua, R. Br., Hort. Kew. 2,

%. 5, p- 139-

Has. Cape, Thunbery! Krebs, Burchell, &c., Uitenhage, F. GZ! Zey.! 3019.

Zuureberg, Drege! Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Root seemingly annual. Stems 6 inches to 1-2 ft. long, spreading or ascending,

pale ; leaves membranous, 1-13 in. long, 4-6 1. wide, variably tooth-lobed. Inv.

se. concrete, as in Gorteria, imbricated in several rows, but of twokinds. Rays pale

yellow. Pappus sc. narrow, lance-subulate, plumose.

5. D. annuum (Less. Syn. 61) ; herbaceous, cobwebby, simple or

branched at base ; leaves alternate, half-clasping, obovate-oblong, acute,

very much attenuated to the base, and petiolate, coarsely spinous-toothed,

the margin spinelloso-ciliate ; outer inv. sc. few, short, spine-tipped ;

medial ovate-oblong, inner lanceolate, both leafy, spine-toothed, ciliate

and pungent; ovaries villous.

Has. Cape, Mundt and Maire. Betw. Beaufort and Rhinosterkops, and betw.

Zwarteberg and Kendo, Drege! (Herb. Sond.)

Annual. Allied to D. cernuum, but smaller and less branched; with the leaves

greatly tapering to the base, and broader inner inv. scales. Leaves 2-2} in. long,

4-5 l. wide.

( Doubtful genera of Arctotidee.)

Damatris, Cass.

Heads radiate ; rays female, uniseriate ; disc-f. male, 5-toothed. nv. longer

than the disc, hemispherical, scales imbricate, outer ovate, inner linear, subulate at

apex. . convex, with a row of scarious, 3-lobed, externally concave pale

between the ray and disc. Ray-achenes subcylindrical, hairy, with long, soft, red

hairs. Pappus 2-seriate, scaly. Disc-achenes abortive. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 255.

D. pudica (Cass.) A short-stemmed annual, with pedunculoid branches. Leaves

alternate, half-clasping, linear-lanceolate, sinuate, albo-tomentose beneath. Heads

solitary, terminal. Fl. yellow.

512 COMPOSITE ( Harv.) [Oldenburgia.

GIBBARIA, Cass.

Heads radiate ; rays female, uniseriate ; disc-f. male, 5-toothed. Jnv. equalling

disc, hemispherical, scales in few rows, imbricated, spine-tipped. Recept. flat, nude.

Achenes of ray short, thick, dorsally gibbous ; of disc sterile, compressed, striate,

with a coroniform, dimidiate, very short, irregularly torn pappus. DC. Prodr. 7,

257.

G. bicolor (Cass.) A branching plant. Leaves alternate, long, semiterete, acute,

1-nerved, half-clasping, glabrous. Heads terminal, solitary; disc yellow ; rays

white above, yellow beneath.

Sub-tribe 2, Mutistacem. (Gen. 141-145).

CXLI OLDENBURGIA, Less.

Heads many-fi., radiate, homogamous (all the fl. perfect) ; corolla of

disc-fl. nearly regular, very deeply 5-fid ; of the ray bilabiate, the outer

lip long, strapshaped ; the inner minute, bifid. Jnz. sc. unarmed, linear,

acuminate, several nerved, the inner herbaceous. Recept. nude. Cor.

glabrous. Filaments smooth. <Anthers tailed. Style glabrous, its

branches very short, obtuse. Achenes turbinate, beakless. Pappus of

many shortly plumose, equal bristles. DO. Prodr. 7, p. 12.

South African shrubs or suffruticose, dwarf plants. Rootstock very woolly.

Leaves rosulate, sessile, coriaceous, one-nerved, obtuse, glabrous above, very hairy

beneath. Heads solitary, of large size. Cor. purplish. Name in honour of Olden-

burg, acompanion of Thunberg in his S, African herborizations : he died afterwards

in Madagascar of fever.

Inv. sc. standing loosely in many rows, very much acuminate :

Nearly stemless, densely tufted ; heads immersed among the

narrow fl: leaves =". ey ns sackaneas ... (1) paradoxa,

Shrubby, branching ; heads on terminal un sub-

cobyiabeate eee os (2) Arbuscula.

Inv. sc. closely imbricated, connivent,scarcely acuminate ; pedunc.

ee ee ee ee Se =. (3) Paplorim.

1. 0. paradoxa (Less. Linn. v. p. 252, f. 69-75); nearly stemless,

from a thick woody rootstock; leaves, on barren shoots, tufted at the

end of the rudimentary branch, obovate-oblong, cuneate at base, with

subrevolute margins, glabrous and impress-nerved above, tomentose

and strongly ribbed and penninerved beneath; fertile stems simple or

multifid, very short, closely leafy, their leaves tongue-shaped, narrow,

with revolute margins, tapering into a very densely shaggy petiole ;

heads sessile among the leaves; inv. sc. very shaggy at base, very much

acuminate and subglabrous at apex ; achenes silky-villous, short. DC.

be. 13.

Has. Cape, Mundt and Maire. Eastern parts, Burchell. Swellendam, E. § Z./

R. Zondereinde, Zey.! 3073. Top of Georgetown Mt., forming dense tufts, Dr.

Alexander Prior! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)

Stems 1-14 in. long. The leaves on barren stems are very similar in size and

character to those of O. Arbuscula ; those on flowering stems (which alone have been

described by Lessing and De Candolle) are 2-24 in. long, 3-5 lines wide, nearly

veinless, glabrous above, woolly beneath.

2.0, Arbuscula (DC.! 1. c.) ; stem elongate, shrubby or arborescent,

branched, very shaggy; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches,

obovate-oblong, cuneate at base, convex above, with subrevolute mar-

Printzia.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 513

gins, glabrous and impress-nerved above, tomentose and strongly ribbed

and penninerved beneath; flowering branches elongate, subpedunculoid,

laxly leafy, their leaves alternate, oblongo-lanceolate or tongue-shaped,

subacute, with scarcely recurved margins, and a short, woolly petiole ;

heads pedicellate, subcorymbose; inv. sc. in very many rows, tomentose

at base, very much acuminate, and becoming subglabrous ; achenes

glabrous, elongate. Arnica grandis, Thunb.! Cap. p. 668.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Zuureberg, Drege! Uitenhage and Albany, Z£. § Z./

Cooper, 1543, &c.~ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

A coarse shrub or small tree, 12-15 ft. high, the principal stem measuring 1} ft.

circumference. Leaves 6-9 in. long, 3-5 in. wide, very rigid and leathery. FI.

branch or peduncle 1~2 ft. long, j-1 in, thick. Heads very large, in fruit 4~5 in.

diameter.

3. 0. Papionum (DC.! 1. c.); stem very short, thick and woody,

tomentose, closely marked with leaf-scars ; leaves crowded at the apex

of the stem, obovate-oblong, cuneate-attenuate at base, with subrevolute

margins, glabrous and nerveless above, tomentose, strongly ribbed and

penninerved, with netted interspaces beneath ; fl. stem pedunculoid,

elongate, glabrous, very laxly leafy, its lower leaves similar to the

cauline, but smaller, upper much depauperated ; heads 1-2, long-pedi-

celled; inv. very tomentose, connivent, urceolate, its scales densely

tomentose, mucronate or subacuminate, closely imbricate; achenes ?

Scytala Papionum, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Mts. near Tulbagh and Nieuwekloof, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk, Sd.)

Leaves 5-7 in. long, 2-24 in. wide, much narrower than in 0. Arbuscula. Flower-

ing stem 2-3 ft. high, striate, minutely tomentulose, becoming glabrous. I have

only seen immature fl. heads and old, denuded receptacles. Flowers unknown.

The habit is completely similar to that of the other species ; the inv. very different.

CXLI. PRINTZIA, Cass.

Heads heterogamous, radiate ; ray-/l. ligulate (rarely bilabiate), female;

disc-fl. regular, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes revolute. Jnv. scales imbricate,

lanceolate. Recept. nude, honeycombed. LZ. glabrous. Anth. exserted,

tailed at base. Style-branches obtuse or acute; in the disc-fl. short,

equal, downy; in the ray longer. Achenes beakless, oblong, villous.

Pappus copious (except in P. Huttoni), in many rows, of shortly plu-

mose or barbed bristles. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 13.

Small, branching, S. Afr. shrubs, more or less tomentose. Leaves alternate,

sessile, crowded, cobwebbed or glabrate above, white-woolly beneath. Heads ter-

minal, solitary. Rays white, blue or purple ; disc yellow, like those of an Aster.

Leaves decurrent in long, narrow stem wings; pappus rufous ... (1) Bergii.

Leaves sessile, but not decurrent : ;

Leaves obovate, amply auricled at base... ... ... ... «. (2) auriculata.

Leaves narrow-linear, with revolute margins... ... ... ... (3) aromatica.

Leaves petiolate :

Lys. ovate or subrotund, toothed, woolly beneath ; rays

elongabe. 5. sco 5 sea ee ee es cies sony C4) yeti.

Lys. obl.-lanceolate, denticled, green beneath ; rays very short (5) Huttoni.

1. P. Bergii (Cass.); branches tomentose, winged with the narrow,

decurrent bases of the oblong or oblong-obovate, undulate, mucronate

VOL. II. 33

514 COMPOSITH (Harv.) [Printzia.

leaves, which are cobwebby, becoming glabrate above, tomentose be-

neath; inv. sc. 2—3 seriate, narrow, subequal ; rays elongate; pappus

rufous. Less. Syn. 108. DC. 1. ¢. 13. Inula cernua, Berg. Cap. 288.

Leyssera polifolia, Th.! Cap. 692.

Has. Hills round Capetown, Bergius, E. § Z.!. W. H. H. Algoa Bay, Forbes.

Auteniqualand, Burchell. Caledon, E. § Z. Rietkuil, Zey.! 3074. Zwarteberg,

Drege. Paarlberg, W.H.H. Genadenthahl, Dr. Roser! Steendaal, Tulb., Dr. Pappe!

- (Herb. Thunb., D., Hk., Sd.) :

A much-branched bush, 2-3 ft. high and in diameter. Leaves $-1} in. long,

3-6 1. wide, either quite entire or remotely callous-toothed. Rays blue. Flowers

like those of an Aster, in which genus Linneus placed it.

2. P. auriculata (Harv.); branches tomentose; leaves sessile, amply

auricled, obovate, cuneate at base, entire or 5—7-toothed beyond the

middle, cobwebbed, becoming glabrous above, tomentose beneath; inv.

se. imbricated in 4—5 rows, the outer shorter, all lanceolate, subsilky ;

rays elongate ; pappus white.

Has. Bashee R., Fort Bowker, H. Bowker! 370. (Herb. D.)

In the shape and pubescence of the leaves this is like P. Bergii ; but the leaves

are not decurrent, but auricled and stem-clasping ; the inv. sc. are pluriseriate, and

the pappus is white. The rays may have been either blue or white.

3. P. aromatica (Less. Syn. 108); branches tomentose; leaves sessile,

nairow-linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, entire, on both sides

densely tomentose ; inv. sc. imbricated in 3-4 rows, the outer shorter,

all oblong, obtuse, tomentose; rays elongate ; pappus white. DOC. l. c¢.

13. Inula aromatica, Linn. Amoen. 6, p. 103. Th.! Cap. 667.

Has. Cape, Thunberg, E. § Z.! Paarlberg, Drege! French Hoek, W. 17. H.

Winterhock, Tulbagh, and Cceaden hal Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

- A very much-branched and leafy undershrub, 6 inches to 2 ft. or more high, sub-

simple below, the branches corymbose. All parts tomentose. Leaves }— in. long,

11. wide. Heads subcorymbose ; rays purple (sometimes white ?).

4. P. pyrifolia (Less. Syn. 108) ; branches tomentulose, in age gla-

brate; leaves shortly petioled, ovate or subrotund, broad and subcor-

date at base, sharply many-toothed, glabrous and netted above, rigid.

tomentose beneath ; inv. sc. imbricate, in 5—6 rows, the outer shorter, all

fringed with woolly hairs; rays elongate; pappus whitish. DC./.c. 13.

__ Has. Kaffirland, Krebs, E. § Z.! Witberg, Drege! Albany, 7. Williamson /

Basutuland, 7’. Cooper, 691. Tongaat R., Natal, Mrs. Saunders! (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

A shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves varying much in size ; in Z. § Z. sp. 1} in. long,

I _- wee ; in Drege’s about § inch long and wide, or less, in all very rigid. Fl.

purp

5. P. Huttoni (Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 158); stem diffusely branched,

subscandent; branches flexuous, terete, scabro-puberulous; vs. shortly-

petioled, oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, penninerved, on both sides

scaberulous, distantly denticulate; petiole ear-clasping at base ; heads

ending the branches and axillary twigs, solitary, short-pedicelled ; inv-

scales very narrow, acuminate, pubescent, 2-3-seriate ; rays very short,

spoon-shaped ; pappus of few, unequal bristles; achenes hispidulous.

Has. Katberg, H. Hutton! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) ;

A tall, scrambling or half-climbing, slender shrub. Leaves 2-3 in. long, 7-1 ™-

wide ; petiole 4-3 in, long. -

Dicoma. | COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 515

CXLIII. DICOMA, Less.

Heads many-fl., homo- or hetero-gamous ; ray-fl., when present, neu-

ter, ligulate, bilabiate or terete-tubular ; disc-/l. regular, 5-parted, the

lobes longer than the tube: corollas very generally pubescent exter-

nally. Znv, campanulate, equalling the dise ; the scales in many rows,

coriaceous, obsoletely many-nerved, entire, acuminate, sometimes pun-

gent, broad or narrow. ecept. honey-combed. Anthers long-tailed, the

tails barbed; fil. glabrous. Style-branches short, erect, obtuse, exter-

nally hispid ‘at the apex. <Achene turbinate, villous, beakless, often 1o-

ridged. Pappus in 2 or many rows, of equal or unequal, shortly plu-

mose bristles. DC. Prodr.7, p. 36.

Small suffrutices or half-herbs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. Heads

solitary. Name from 8s, twice, and kouy, hair; the double pappus of the first

described species.

Sect. 1. Sretrocoma. Heads discoid, ess marg. fl. wniseriate, sterile,

very short, tubular or bilabiate. Pappus of the marg. fl. of scabrous bristles ; of

the disc. fl. biseriate, the outer bristle-shaped, inner broad-based, more or less plin-

mose. Procumbent, tomentose herbs. (Sp. 1-2.)

Lys. on both sides woolly ; inner inv. sc. acute ; disc-papp. plu-

mose beyond the middle oe ... (1) Capensis.

Lys. becoming glabrous above ; inner iny. se. ‘taper-pointed ;

disc-papp. ciliato-barbellate from base to apex ... «. .... (2) macrocephala.

Sect. 2. RutciotHamnus. Heads radiate; rays neuter. Disc-pappus multiseriate,

bristle-shaped, serrated. A much branched, erect, rigid half-shrub. (Sp. 3.)

Lys. obovate or spathulate, thinly canous ; branches rib-striate (3) radiata.

Sect. 3. Mactepium. Heads discoid, homogamous, Pappus of broadish, flat,

subulate, acuminate, serrulate scales. Small, much-branched shrubs. (Sp. 4-6.)

Leaves nerveless, broad-based, sessile, lanceolate, sabia

concave ... ‘5 ..- (4) relhanioides.

Leaves t-nerved, tapering at base, subpetiolate :

Lys. obovate, woolly beneath ; no subulate bracts on the

tee ee ... (5) diacanthoides.

Lys. narrow, with revolute ‘margins, glabr. or tomentose :

beneath ; many subulate bracts on the pedicels ... ... (6) Burmanni,

Sect. 4. Psmnocoma. Heads discoid, homogamous. Pappus multiseriate, of very

slender, “lliato-barbellate bristles. Jnv. sc. multiseriate, linear-subulate, midribbed,

erect or squarrose. A diffuse half-shrub,

Leaves linear or — tomentose ek serrulate, one-

Reeve oe ee a tae .. «- (7) anomala,

Sect. 5. Prerocoma. Heads discoid, homogamous. Pappus bristles conspicu-

ously plumose. Erect herbs; stem simple or corymbose, one or several-headed.

(Sp. 8-11.)

Fl,-heads pedicellate, corymbose or subpaniculate (or terminal, solitary).

Leaves tapering at base:

Lys, lanceolate, acuminate, soon quite thi on

both sides... ... ..- (8) speciosa.

Lys. oblongo-lanceolate, white-woolly beneath... (9) Zeyheri.

Leaves broad-based, lanceolate, thinly canous beneath,

with revolute margins... .-. (10) Kirkii.

Fl-heads sessile in the axils of the “uppermost leaves ; = ava.

thinly canous beneath, tapering at base... ... (11) sessilifiora,

33*

516 : COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [Dicoma.

Sect. 1. StetRocoma. (Sp. 1-2.)

1. D. Capensis (Less. in Linn. v. p. 277); root perpendicular, sim-

ple; stems many from the crown, diffuse or decumbent, tomentose ;

leaves tapering at base into a petiole, oblongo-lanceolate, on both sides

tomentose, undulate, minutely calloso-serrulate ; heads subsessile, dis-

coid, terminal or lateral; outer invol. sc. cobwebbed or glabrous, very

much acuminate, squarrose, nerved, inner lanceolate, acute, nerveless,

erect ; disc-achenes furrowed, marginal sterile ; pappus of the marg. fi.

bristle-shaped, serrate, of the disc double, the outer bristle-shaped,

inner plumose beyond the middle, expanded at base. DC. J. ¢. 36.

Has. Cape, Lichtenstein. Karroo, Drege! Nieweveld, Beaufort, Z. § Z./ Spring-

bokkeel, Zey./ 1036. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! Aapje’s and Vaal R., Burke!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Probably an annual or biennial. Stems 6-12 inches long or more, laxly leafy.

Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2-4 lines wide, like those of some Aizoon. Invol. in the

majority of specimens seen by me quite glabrous, as in DC.’s var. *‘ledolepis.” Inv.

scales white or straw-colour.

2. D, macrocephala (DC.! 1. c. 36); stems many from the crown,

diffuse, tomentose; leaves tapering at base into a more or less distinct

petiole, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, at first cobwebbed, then glabrate

above, thickly woolly beneath; heads equalling or sub-exceeding the

leaves, sessile, discoid; inv. se, glabrous or nearly so, outer and inner

very long, bristle-shaped ; of disc double, the outer of few, deciduous

scales, inner subdilated at base, much acuminate, ciliato-barbellate from

base to apex.

nn Klipplaat R., Drege! Magalisberg, Zey/ 1029, Vaal R., Burke. (Herb.

~ Allied Sp: Capensis, but with broader and less woolly leaves, much larger fi.

heads, more taper-pointed inner inv. sc. and dissimilar pappus. Heads 14 in. long.

Lvs, 14-2 in, long, 4-5 1. wide.

Sect. 2. Ruigiotaamnus. (Sp. 3.)

3. D, radiata (Less. in Linn. v., 278); stem suffruticose, erect, shrub-

by, much-branched, branches rib-striate, tomentulose in the furrows ;

lvs. obovate or spathulate, tapering into a petiole, mucronate, one-

nerved, entire, on both sides thinly canous ; heads terminal, radiate ;

inv. sc. glabrous, rigid, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, erect, nerved, the

inner gradually longer; ray achenes sterile, glabrescent, with fewer,

setiform papp. bristles ; disc-ach. very silky, with multiseriate, serrate

papp. bristles. DC. 1. ¢. 37. Leyssera picta, Th.! Cap. 692.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Mundt and Maire, Uitenhage, £. § Z.! Dr. Alex. Prior!

(Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

A broom-like bush, often nearly leafless, with very rigid twigs. Leaves 1-14 in.

long, 2-4 1. wide, scattered or tufted. Inv. sc. marked with two purple bands,

one at each side of the slender midrib. It varies (fide DC.) with unilabiate or bila-

biate ray-fl., and equally cut or bilabiate disc-fi.

Sect. 3. Maciepium. (Sp. 4-6.)

4. D. relhanioides (Less.! 1. c. 279) ; shrubby, twigs minutely sub-

canescent; leaves nerveless, broad-based, sessile, lanceolate-acuminate,

Dicoma.] COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 517

sub-pungent, with inflexed edges, quite glabrous; inv. sc. ovate, much

acuminate, imbricate. DC. l. c. 37.

Has. Cape, Mundt.! (Herb. Sond.)

I have seen an authentic fragment in Hb. Sd. ; in it the leaves are quite glabrous

on both sides, not “tomentose above.” Achenes shortly turbinate, silky, fulvous.

Papp. bristles subulate-attenuate, pluriseriate, serrulate, white.

5. D, diacanthoides (Less.1.c.279); much branched, shrubby, twigs

canescent; leaves one-nerved, obovate or obovato-spathulate, tapering

at base, subpetioled, the younger cobweb-tomentose above, then nearly

glabrous, all tomentose beneath ; outer inv. sc. widely spreading, elon-

gate, subulate-acuminate, pungent, inner ovate, acuminate, glossy, sub-

concave, connivent. DC.l.c. 37. Helichrysum spinosum, Th.! Cap. 664.

Stobea Bergeri, Spr./ Syst. 3, 394

Has. Cape, Th ! Karroo, £.¢2Z.! L kloof, Drege! Ui a

Stace "secwcas Mrs FW. Beater! (Herb. Th., D. Hk., ae ai

A coarse-growing, robust, dwarf, much-branched shrub, under 1 foot high. Lys.

and young parts hoary, Outer invol. sc. straw-colour ; inner purplish, tipped with

white. Leaves varying much in breadth. ate

6. D. Burmanni (Less. 1. c.); much branched, shrubby, twigs thinly

canescent or glabrous ; leaves one-nerved, lanceolate or obovate-spathu-

late, tapering at base, often 2-3-toothed, soon glabrous above, tomen-

_ tose or glabrous beneath; outer inv. sc. widely spreading, long, subu-

late-acuminate, pungent, gradually passing below into pungent bracts,

continued down the petiole ; inner inv. scales ovate, much acuminate,

glossy, connivent. DC. 1. c. 37. Burm. Afr. t. 67, f. 3.

Var. 8, glabrata; leaves (adult) glabrous on both sides. Cryptostephane Kraussii,

_ Sch.! B. Bot. Zeit. xxvii., 782. Walp. Rep. 6, p. 318.

Has. Cape, Burman, Swellendam, £.¢7Z.! Langekloof, Echl. Hassaquas-

kloof, Zey./ 3075. Var. 8, Swellendam, Dr. Thom! Krauss! Groote Howhoek,

Zey.! 3076. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very similar to D. diacanthoides, and perhaps a mere variety, with narrower lvys.

and more numerous empty bracts on the pedicels. Var. 8. merely differs by its

more glabrous foliage : I possess an authentic specimen from Dr. Krauss himself.

Sect. 4. Pstrocoma. (Sp. 7.)

7. D. anomala (Sond.! in Linn. 23, p. 71); rootstock woody; stems

suffruticose, diffuse or ascending-erect, simple or branched, flexuous,

angular, glabrate or canescent ; leaves narrowed at base, linear or lan-

ceolate, acute or subobtuse, serrulate, with subrevolute margins, one-

nerved, soon glabrous above, albo-tomentose beneath; invol. sc. multi-

seriate, linear-subulate, acuminate, subpungent, midribbed, the inner

gradually longer; papp. bristles multiseriate, very slender, ciliato-bar-

bellate.

eer a, Sonderi; leaves narrow-linear, 1-2 lines wide; invol. sc. erect, straight.

Sond. / l. ¢.

Var. B, cirsioides; leaves lanceolate, 4-5 1. wide ; inv. sc. squarrose. D. cirsi-

oides, Harv. MS.

Var.~y, microcephala ; leaves as in a.; heads much smaller, 4 in. long, 4-5 lines

wide. D. Gerrardi, Harv. MS.

Has. Dornkop, Laayspruit and Magalisberg, Burke § Zey.! Zey.! 1028. North

518 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Dicoma.

Aliwal, Cooper! 1369. Var. 8. Ingoma, Gerr. § M’K. 1003. Dargle Farm, G. F.

Fannin, 88. Var. y. Tugela River, W. T. Gerrard ! 1058. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Very variable in the breadth of the leaves and in the size of the fl. heads. At

first I had regarded the 3 vars. given above as distinct species, but a comparison of

numerous specimens shows so many intermediate conditions that I cannot keep

them separate. Leaves in a. and f. 2-3 in. long, 1-2 1. wide; in f. 2-2 in. long,

4-5 l. wide, with lateral veins. Heads in a. and y. 1 in. long, 1} in. diam.; in ¥.

in. long, 4-51. diam. Flowers purple. Pappus white.

Sect. 5. Prerocoma. (Sp. 8-11.)

8. D. speciosa (DC.! 1. c. 37); rootstock woody ; stem herbaceous,

erect, tall, angle-striate, cobwebbed, panicled or corymbose at the sum-

mit ; leaves linear-lanceolate and lanceolate, elongate, acute or acumi-

nate, entire, flat, at first thinly cobwebbed, then quite glabrous, netted-

veined ; heads pedicelled ; inv. scales multiseriate, shining, lanceolate-

acuminate, concave, pungent, the outer spreading, gradually passing

below into pungent bracts, continued down the petiole.

Has. Omsamculo and Omcomas, Drege! Natal, Gueinzius! 332. Umgena and

Umcomas, Gerr. § M’K., 1027, 1581. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Stem 1-24 ft. high, mostly several-headed. Leaves 4-6 in. long, }-1 inch wide,

tapering much to both ends, with very deciduous cobweb.

9. D. Zeyheri (Sond.! in Linn, xxiii. p. 71); stem herbaceous, erect,

cobwebby-canescent, simple or subcorymbose at the summit; leaves

oblongo-lanceolate or oblong, acute, narrowed at base, soon quite gla-

brous above and netted-veined, white-woolly beneath, with slightly

reflexed edges, entire or distantly subdenticled ; heads pedicelled, ovate;

invol. se. multiseriate, shining, broadly lanceolate-acuminate, concave,

pungent, the outer spreading or reflexed. Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 68.

Has. Magalisberg, Burke & Zeyher! Zey.! 1031. Zululand Plains, Gerr. § M’K.

1028. (Herb. toe, 2, Say po ™

Very like D. speciosa, but much more woolly, with broader leaves and iny. scales,

and no empty bracts on the pedicels.

10, D. Kirkii (Harv.) ; rootstock woody ; stem herbaceous, erect,

terete, cobwebbed, corymbose at the summit ; leaves sessile, broad-based,

lanceolate-acuminate, soon quite glabrous and netted-veined above,

thinly canescent beneath, with revolute margins, entire; heads pedi-

celled, ovate ; inv. sc, multiseriate, shining, lanceolate-acuminate, flat-

tish, pungent, the outer spreading or reflexed.

Has. Highlands of Bakota Country, Dr. Kirk! (Herb. Hk.)

Intermediate in appearance between D. speciosa and D. Zeyheri, but differing from

both in the broad-based, half-clasping leaves, with evidently revolute margins. Inv.

se. nearly as in D, speciosa, but ne bracts on the pedicel.

11, D. sessiliflora (Harv.); stem herbaceous, erect, terete, cobweb-

canescent, several-headed, simple ; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, nat-

rowed at base, acute, soon quite glabrous and netted above, thinly

canescent beneath, subserrulate, flat or with subrevolute margins ;

heads sesst/e in the axils of the upper leaves, ovate; iny. sc. multiseriate,

lanceolate-acuminate, pungent, spreading.

Has. Manganja Hills; C. J. Meller! (Herb. Hk.

- Known by Sia cnasiailo, spicate fi.-heads. paki m7 in. long, 1-1} in. wide. Na-

Gerbera. COMPOSIT (Harv.) 519

tive name Sachamburi. Avery simiiar plant, gathered by Barter on the Ni

expedition, is also in Hb. Hk. =—- . gia

CXLIV. GERBERA, Gron.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous, radiate ; vay-fl. in one or two rows,

those of the inner row, when present, very short, subtubular; of the

outer bilabiate, the outer lip ligulate, elongate, tridentate, the inner

minute, bifid; disc. also sub-bilabiate, the outer lip 3, the inner

2-fid. Znv. scales oblong or lanceolate, closely imbricate, subherbaceous.

Recept. nude. Anthers tailed; fil. glabrous. Style-branches short, ob-

tuse. Achenes beaked. Pappus in two or more rows, of rough bristles.

DC. Prodr. 7, p. 15. Also Lastorus, Cass. DC. 1. c. p, 18.

Stemless, "perennial herbs. Leaves radical, petioled, entire or pinnatilobed,

coriaceous or membranous. Scapes one-headed. Fl. yellow or orange, the rays

often red or coppery outside. Named after Gerber, a German naturalist who

travelled in Russia.

Sect. 1. EucrrBera. Jnv, sc. much shorter than the ray-fl. Rays uniseriate,

uniform, Achenes papulose, not (or scarcely) tapering upwards. Leaves coriaceous,

rigid. Scape mostly scale-bearing. (Sp. 1-7.) ‘

Pappus rufous :

Leaves linear, incised, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite ... ... (1) asplenifolia.

Leaves oblong, ovate or cordate, entire or sinuate :

Leaves rusty-tomentose beneath ;

Leaves oblong, sinuous; scapes scale-bearing ;

iny. subglabrous ihe Se Se ee ee.

Lys. cordate, subentire ; scapes without scales ;

inv. rufo-tomentose ... ... ... ... t.. « (4) tomentosa.

Leaves on both sides glabrous, quite entire ... ... (3) integralis.

Lvs. cordate, thinly albo-tomentose beneath ; inv.

subglabrous ee ge eC ne meg

Pappus milk-white :

Lys. cordate at base, inciso-sinuous, rufo-tomentose

‘Lvs. oblong or obovate, entire or sinuous, thinly

albo-tomentose or glabrous beneath ... ....... (7) Burmanni.

_ Sor 2. Leprica. Jnv. se. not much shorter than ray-fl. Rays uniseriate, uni-

form. Achenes minutely papulose, when mature tapering into a long, slender beak.

Leaves membranaceous. Scapes not scaly. (Sp. 8-9.)

Lvs. long-petioled, cordate at base, albo-tomentose beneath (8) cordata.

Lvs. short-petioled, elliptic-oblong, cuneate at base, softly : :

Dairy TCNORN 5 ee ee ses age ee 0) DONO,

Sect. 3. Lastopus. Rays biseriate, female; owter strap-shaped, elongate ; inner

short, subtubular, slender, with a very short, outer lip and a much exserted style.

Other characters as in Leptica. (Sp. 10-15.)

Pai rufous or foxy :

Lys. elliptic or oblong, obtuse, scarcely narrowed at

DARE coos 5 coe a ee eed eo (0) ambigua.

Lys. oblongo-lanceolate, tapering very much at base (11) discolor.

Leaves green on both sides :

Lys. obovate-oblong, tapering very much at base ... (12) plantaginea.

Lys. elliptical or oblong, scarcely tapering at base ... (13) viridifolia.

Pappus violet-purple :

Leaves oblongo-lanceolate, green on both sides ... ... (14) aurantiaca.

Leaves ovate-oblong, tomentose and strongly penninerved

beneath oS re ie ee es ee GIS) re

J rs 4 ee °

ft v eA Le i Cee 7é . ee {wp Ay

\ C df feces

_—

520 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Gerbera

Sect. 1. Eu-Gerpera. (Sp. 1-7.)

1. G. asplenifolia (Spr. Syst. 3, 576); leaves pinnatifid or pinnati-

sect, rufo-tomentose beneath, lobes roundish, concave, with revolute

margins, the terminal not larger than the rest; scape cobwebbed or

woolly, bracteolate; pappus rufous. DC. l. ¢.15. Arnica Gerbera,

Linn. Sp. 1246. Th.! Cap. 669.. Burm. Afr. t. 56. f. 1. Lam. I. t.

679, f 5:

Var. §. linearis; leaves linear, with revolute margins, quite entire or runcinate-

toothed (on the same root),

Has. Round Capetown and Simonstown, frequent. Drakenstein, Drege/ Caledon

Baths, £. § Z./ Pappe! 8. Voorman’s Bosch, Swell., Zey.! 3078, pte. (Herb.

Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Leaves narrow, 4-6 in. long, petioled ; lobes glossy above, 2-4 1. long and wide.

The leaves vary much in degree of incision, and the inv. sc. in comparative breadth,

and in indument. Rays purple. A very handsome plant, with fern-like leaves.

2. G. ferruginea (DC.! 1. c. 15); leaves long-petioled, oblong, re-

motely denticulate, subsinuate, with narrow, revolute margins, glabrous

above, rusty-tomentose beneath; scape minutely velvetty-pubescent

above the middle, squamellose ; iny. sc. about 3-seriate, lanceolate,

subglabrous; pappus rufous. Gerb. sinuata, Less.! in Iinn. 1830, 292.

Arnica serrata, Th.! Cap. 669.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Swellendam and Outeniqualand, Drege/ E. § Z./ Voor-

mansbosch, Zey./ 3079. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

The leaves in Thunberg’s specimen are narrower than in Drege’s ; in other respects

the plants seem identical. Petioles 1-3 in. long, glabrous: lamina 23-3 in. long,

4-1} in. wide, obtuse at base. Possibly merely a broad and short, subundivided

leaved form of G. asplenifolia ; its rufous pappus distinguishes it from G. sinuata.

8. G. integralis (Sond. !); leaves long-petioled, ovate-oblong, obtuse,

cuneate or tapering at base, entire, on both sides quite glabrous, with

minutely revolute edges; scapes scaly, glabrous; inv. sc. 3-seriate,

glabrous ; pappus rufous.

Has. Cape Flats, 2. § Z./ Near Capetown, W.H.H. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Though the leaves, at a glance, seem to be perfectly entire, a lens shows indica-

tions of distant, very minute, reversed denticles, which would become runcinate

teeth if developed ; these, taken with the rufous pappus, indicate an affinity with

G. ferruginea, rather than G. Burmanni. But if a variety of that species, it is at

least so strongly characterised as to deserve a name.

4, G. tomentosa (DC.! 1. c. 16); leaves petioled, cordate or oblong,

subcordate at base, entire or repando-denticled, glabrous above, per-

sistently rufo-tomentose beneath ; petioles, scapes and inv. se. rufo-

tomentose, the scapes mostly without bracts, inv. sc. in 3 or seve

rows, acuminate, more or less distinctly blackened at the tip; pappus

rufous, Gerbera hirsuta, Spr., non Th.

A 8. lanata; toment very thick and copious; the scapes and inv. densely

woo y-

Has. Hott. Holl. and Caledon, Z. ¢ Z.! Langekloof and Drakensteinberg,

Drege! Genadendahl, Dr. Roser! Zwarteberg, Pappe! 8. Hott. Holl. Bowie! Zey-

3077. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) i

Much more tomentose than G. ferruginea, with woolly involucres. It varies con-

siderably in the size of the fl. heads, and in the number of rows of inv. scales.

Leaves 24-4 in. long, 1}-2 in. wide ; petioles 2-3 in. long. :

Gerbera. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 521

5. G. Wrightii (Harv.) ; leaves petioled, cordate, repando-denticulate

with subrevolute margins, soon glabrous above, thinly albo-tomentose

beneath; petioles, scapes and iny. sc. thinly cobwebbed, becoming

nearly glabrous, the scapes scale-bearing ; inv. sc. in 4-5 rows, lanceo-

late, acute ; pappus rufous.

Has. Near Simonstown, C. Wright, 343. (Herb. D.)

Jeon

In the shape of the leaves this agrees with @. tomentosa, but the scanty tomentum we

is white, not rufous, and the involucre is nearly glabrous. Heads of large size, with )

35-40 rays.

6. G. leucothrix (Harv.); leaves oblong, cordate at base, deeply

inciso-sinuous, and subdentate, with revolute margins, glabrous above,

persistently rufo-tomentose beneath ; scapes squamellose, cobwebby or

nude below, tomentellose at the summit; inv. sc. 4-5 seriate, minutely

tomentose or glabrate; pappus white. °

Has. Cape, £. § Z! (Herb. Sond.)

This may possibly be a natural hybrid between @. ferruginea of which it has the

foliage and pubescence, and G. Burmanni which it resembles in involucre and pap-

pus. I have seen but a solitary specimen.

7. G. Burmanni (Cass. Dict. 18, p. 461); leaves petioled, elliptical, /

oblong, or obovate, more or less cuneate or tapering at base, either | '

minutely denticulate, toothed, or sinuous-toothed (very variable in this

respect), glabrous above, either glabrous or thinly canous beneath ;

scapes scale-bearing, glabrous or cobwebbed, or minutely velvetty; inv.

se. about 3-seriate, lanceolate, subglabrous ; pappus slender, snow-white,

eq. the dise. Less. in Linn. 1830, p. 294.

Var. a, Burmanni; lvs. minutely toothed, on both sides glabrous ; inv. se. cob-

webby. Ger. Burmanni, DC.! l.c.16. Arnicacrocea, Linn. Th.! Cap. 668. Burm.

Afr. t. 56, f. 2.

Vaz. 8. sinuata; lvs. more or less toothed or sinuate, generally thinly canous

beneath, sometimes quite glabrous ; inv. sc. glabrous. G. sinuata, Spr. Syst. 3,

7536. DOC./l.c. 15. Arnica sinuata, Th.! Cap. 668.

Has. Both varieties near Capetown and in the Western Districts generally.

(Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

I cannot find either in pubescence or the toothing of the leaves any permanent

character between the above varieties, which grow in the same districts and often

intermixed. The pappus is constantly and conspicuously white, by which character

those with sinuous leaves are known from subsimilar forms of @. ferruginea.

Sect. 2. Leprica. , (Sp. 8-9.)

8. G. cordata (Less. in Linn. v. p. 297); leaves long-petioled, mem-

branous, elliptical or oblong-ovate, cordate at base, entire or denticulate,

sparsely pilose becoming nude above, softly and persistently albo-

tomentose beneath, and when young also clothed with long, brown,

silky, deciduous hairs ; inv. se. at length reflexed ; ripe-achenes long-

beaked. DC./ 1. c. 16. Arnica cordata, Th.! Cap. 628.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Zuureberg, Drege! Uitenhage, EZ. ¢ Z./ Vanstaadensberg,

Zey! 3080. Tzitsikamma, Pappe/ Albany, H. Hutton! T. Cooper! 241, 1554.

Grahamstown, R. W. Reade, 10. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Petioles 3-5 in. long; lamina 24-5 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, obtuse or acute. Scape

12-15 in. long, tomentose. Inv. very woolly. Rays yellow, not much longer than

the inv. scales.

522 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Gerbera.

9. G. piloselloides (Cass. Dict. 18, p. 461); leaves elliptic-oblong,

obtuse or subacute, tapering into a short petiole, entire or repando-

denticulate, sparsely setose or nude above, beneath and on the margins

softly hairy ; scape shaggy and somewhat thickened at the apex; inv.

se. erect in fruit; ripe achenes long-beaked, papulose, striate. DC. l.

c. 16, Arnica piloselloides, Linn. Amoen. 6, 103. Gerbera Schimpert,

Sch. Bip., in Hb. Schimp! No. 185. G. ovalifolaa, DC.! l. c. 17.

: oe B. discolor ; (DC.) ; leaves albo-tomentose beneath. Arnica nudiflora, Th.!

wm Mero.

Has. Round Capetown and in the W. districts, Burchell, W.H.H. and Draken-

stein, W.H.H. Caledon, FE. § Z. Uitenhage, Eckl. Witberg, Katberg, and Omtata

and Basche R., Dreye! Br. Kaffraria, 7. Cooper, 172. Kreilis Country, H. Bowker!

243. Bigarsberg, Natal, Gerr. § McK. 1042. Var. 8. Zuureberg, Drege, Thun-

berg! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Leaves 3-5 in. long, 13-21 wide. Pedune. 4-12 in. long. Rays turning dark-

brown in drying. I cannot distinguish G. ovalifolia, DC.!, which is widely spread

through temperate India ; our Cape plant has certainly papulose achenes.

_ Sect. 3. Lastopus. (Sp. 10-15.)

10. G. ambigua (Sch. Bip.) ; leaves short-petioled, subcoriaceous,

elliptical or oblong, obtuse, scarcely tapering at base, entire or inversely-

subsinuate, pilose, becoming glabrous above, albo-tomentose beneath,

midribbed and penninerved ; achenes hispidulous; pappus fulvous ;

iny. sc. longer than the disc, villous. Zasiopus ambiguus, Cass. Dict.

25,p-299. DC.! 1. ¢. 18. Lasiopus coriaceus, DC.! l. ¢. 19.

Has. Zuureberg, Drege! Uitenhage, FZ. & Z./ Bushman’s R., Albany, Zeyher!

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Petiole 1-2 in. long; lamina 23-4 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, all but the very old

leayes tomentose beneath. There are three specimens in Hb. Sd. from Ecklon

marked ‘‘Las. coriaceus,” DC.: one of them is precisely identical with an authen-

tically marked sp. from Drege (Hb. D.) of “*L. ambiguus ;” the other two are undis-

tinguishable from ‘‘Las, viridifolius.” I am therefore compelled to reject ‘L.

coriaceous” altogether.

11. G, discolor (Sond.! in Hb.); leaves oblongo-lanceolate or lanceo-

late, subacute, tapering much at base into a longish petiole, entire or

subdenticulate, glabrous and green above, tomentose beneath ; inv. se.

villous ; ovaries hispidulous ; pappus fulvous. .

Has. Magalis ! A ; j i ‘i . CHb.

Hi, Sa, “si berg, Burke § Zeyher Zey.! 1033. Aapjes R., Zey./ 1032. (

Petioles 2-5 in. long ; lamina 4-6 in. long, 3-1 inch wide. Scapes tomentose,

8-16 in. long. Heads like those of G. ambigua,

_ 12. G. plantaginea (Harv.); leaves obovate-oblong, subacute, taper-

ing much at base into a variable petiole, entire, glabrous above, at first

cobwebbed, then thinly pubescent beneath, on both sides green ; inv.

scales villous; marg. ovaries hispid, of disc thinly pubescent ; pappus

fulvous,

Has. Magalisbetg, Burke § Zeyher! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)

Crown of root not copiously silky, Petioles 1-3 in. long ; lamina 2-5 in. long,

41-1} in, wide. Near G. viridifolia, but differing in aspect, with much longer lvs.

‘It differs from @. discolor in having both sides of leaf green.

Perdiciwm. | COMPOSITE (Harv.) 523

13. G, viridifolia (Sch. Bip.) ; leaves short-petioled, subcoriaceous,

elliptical or oblong, obtuse, slightly tapering at base, entire or denticu-

late, soon glabrous above, either quite glabrous or thinly pilose beneath,

on both sides green ; inv. sc. subglabrous; marginal achenes hispidu-

lous; pappus fulvous. Lasiopus viridifolius, DC./1.¢c.19. Gerbera

Natalensis, Sch.! Bip. Bot. Zeit. xevit. p. 778.

Has. Keiskamma; Buffel R.; Klipplaat R.; and Zwartekey, Drege! Tambuki-

land, F. § Z./ Cooper! 173. Albany, 7. Williamson / Grahamstown, P. Mac Owan!

56; Genl. Bolton! Cradock, Burke / Near Shiloh, Queenstown, Mrs. F.W. Barber /

318. Natal, Krauss/ 452; Gueinzius/ 338. Near Maritzberg, Dr. Sutherland !

(Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) “

Crown of root very copiously silky. Petioles 1-2 in, long ; lamina 13-2} inches

wide. Rays “ white above, red beneath” (M.E.B.). I have examined Krauss’s

original specimen in Hb. D. of ‘‘ G. Natalensis,” Sch. B,, and find it a “Zasiopus;”

in other respects it agrees with the pilose forms of G@. viridifolia. I have not seen

ripe achenes ; ovaries of the disc nearly glabrous; of the marg. fem. fl. hispidulous.

14. G, aurantiaca (Sch. B. 1. c.) ; leaves membranous, lanceolate or

oblongo-lanceolate, acute, tapering much at base into a short petiole,

entire or denticulate, setose, becoming nude above, cobwebby-canescent,

becoming nude and netted-veined beneath ; invol. sc. cobwebbed, sub-

biseriate, acuminate; achenes hispid; pappus violet-purple. Wa/p.

Rep. 6, 317.

Has. Near Maritzburg, Natal, Krauss / Dr. Sutherland ! J. Sanderson, 154. (Hb.

D., Hk.

pene 5-6 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, the pubescence of both sides deciduous. Scape

woolly, 8-15 inches high, without bracts. Rays (when dry) rich red-brown above,

pale beneath ; said to be orange when fresh. A very handsome species.

15, G. Kraussii (Sch. Bip.! Bot. Zeit. XX VII. 781) ; leaves peti-

oled, membranous, ovate-oblong, denticulate, acute, either rounded or

cuneate-attenuate at base, at first setose, afterwards glabrous above,

persistently tomentose, strongly midribbed and penni-nerved beneath ;

inv. se. silky, sub-biseriate ; achenes hispid ; pappus violet-purple.

Walp. Rep. 6, 317. |

Pig rg Kraussii ; leaves mostly cuneate-attenuate at base ; toment. fulvous.

of Bt. ¢. :

Var. B. Gueinzii; leaves mostly rounded at base ; toment. whitish, G. nervosa,

Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 7°.

Has. Both forms grow at Natal. Var. a. sent by Krauss/ 402. Sanderson! 81,

127. Var. 8. Gueinzws! 356. Sanderson! 58. Plant! 37. Gerr. § M‘K.!] (Herb.

ge Range of our two varieties look very distinct, but I possess an inter-

mediate form from Mr. Sanderson, which quite connects them. Thestrongly marked

rib and nerves on the lower side characterize both forms equally.

CXLY. PERDICIUM, Lag.

Heads many-fl., heterogamous, discoid; marginal-fl. female, uniseriate,

tubular, bilabiate, the outer lip shortly ligulate, 3-toothed, inner shorter,

bipartite, with linear lobes; dzsc-fl. also bilabiate, the outer lip unequally

3-toothed, inner bipartite. nz. sc. leafy, imbricate, lanceolate, ap-

pressed. Anthers tailed; fil. smooth. Style shortly 2-lobed, the branches

scarcely divergent, semiterete, obtuse, pubescent. Achenes ovate-oblong,

524 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [Arrowsmithia.

bristles, falling off with the epigynous dise or annulus. DC. Prodr. 7.

p. 38.

Small S. Afr. herbs, with the aspect of Taraxacum or some other Cichoracea.

Leaves radical, runcinate, glabrous or cobwebby-canescent. Scapes 1-headed, about

equalling the leaves.

Leaves glabrous on both sides... 20. 0. wee vee eee wee (1) Taraxaci,

Leaves cobweb-cottony beneath ... ... ... 1... ... «1. «+ (2) leiocarpum.

1. P. Taraxaci (Vahl.); leaves on both sides green, glabrous. sinu-

ato-runcinate ; achenes densely papulose, shortly beaked; pappus not

much longer than the inv. scales. DC./ 1. c. 38. Perd. semiflosculare,

Linn. Thunb. ! Cap. 690.

Has. Cape, Burman, Thunberg! Chamisso! Breede R., Drege! Hott. Holl.,

E. § Z.! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

Leaves 2—4 in. long, short-petioled, rigid. Scape about as long as leaves. Pappus

straw coloured.

2. P. leiocarpum (DC.! 1. c. 39); leaves cobwebby-canescent be-

neath, sinuato-runcinate, the lobes toothed ; achenes quite smooth,

long beaked ; pappus much longer than the involucre,

Has. Camiesberg, Drege! (Herb. })., Hk., Sd.)

Rather larger than the preceding, with discoloured leaves, larger fl.-heads and

very conspicuous, straw-coloured pappus.

(Genus of uncertain affinity.)

CXLVI. ARROWSMITHIA, DC.

Heads many-fl., radiate ; ray. ligulate, female, in one row ; disc-/l.

campanulate, 5-toothed, sterile ; all the corollas woolly on the tube.

Inv. scales scarious, imbricate in several rows, the inner membrane-

tipped. Recept. (fide DC.) “ flat, clothed with linear-setaceous fimbrils

or pale.” Anthers cuspidate at base, produced into a very slender,

partly adnate, bristle-shaped tail. Style thickened upwards, its branches

short, convex-backed, obtuse, equally pubescent outside. Achenes with-

out pappus, those of the ray compressed ; of the disc terete, glabrous,

sterile. DC. Prodr. 7. p. 254.

A rigid, small shrub or half-shrub, with the aspect of a Relhania. Branches

terete, thinly cobwebbed, closely leafy to the summit. Leaves rigid, alternate,

spreading or reflexed, sessile, half-clasping, lanceolate, pungent-mucronate, with

recurved edges, quite entire, glabrous and glossy above, tomentose beneath, veinless.

Heads terminal, solitary or in pairs, sessile ; fl. yellow. Named in honour of the

well known geographer of Atlas celebrity. Its proper place in the system uncertain.

1, A. styphelioides (DC.! 1. c. 254). Deless. Ic. Sel. 4, t. 100.

Has. Katberg, Drege! (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads 6-7 lines long, § lines wide, cam-

panulate.

TRIBE VI.—CICHORACEE.

Flower-heads semi-flosculose, that is, having al/ the flowers ligulate

and bisexual. Style-branches long, subobtuse, filiform, equally pubes-

cent on the outer surface-—Herbaceous plants, with alternate leaves,

and milky, very bitter juice. (Gen. CXLVII.-CLIV.)

Hypocheris. | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 525

Pappus plumose :

Invol. imbricate ; recept. = sceoael ; central achenes

beaked ....... (147) Hypochoeris.

Inv. uniseriate ; recept. nude ; all the achenes beaked (148) Urospermum.

Pappus bristle- or hair-like:

Achenes long-beaked :

Ach. flattened, smooth or striate ; stem branched (149) Lactuca.

Achenes oblong, with hard, sharp points at apex ;

lvs. all radical ; stem scape-like, nude, t-headed (150) Taraxacum,

Achenes oblong, compressed, the outer with a short,

inner with a long beak ; leaves radical; stem

branched, nearly nude = ara (154) Anisoramphus.

Achenes beakless, or very shortly peaked :

Achenes 4-5-angled, slightly beaked ; stems trail-

ing, bearing tufted leaves and axillary fl.-heads (151) Microrhynchus.

Ach. ‘compressed, beakless ; pappus very soft and

white ; branching herbs... (152) Sonchus.

Ach. 5-angled, beakless ; pappus rigid, discoloured ;

branching herbs ; leaves chiefly radical, rosulate (53) Hieracium.

CXLVII. HYPOCHERIS, Vaill.

Heads many-flowered. Jnvol. ovate-oblong or subeampanulate, the

scales imbricated. ecept. bearing palez between the flowers. <Achenes

glabrous, rough with sharp points, the marginal ones (in the Cape spe-

cies ) beakless, those of the centre with a long, slender beak. Pappus

biseriate, the outer of short bristles, the inner long, plumose. DC.

Prodr. 7, p. 9°.

Annual or biennial herbs, glabrous or pilose. Leaves mostly radical, rosulate.

Flowers yellow. Name, izo, for, and xuipos, a pig; pigs eat the roots greedily.

1. H. glabra (Linn. sp. 1141); leaves radical, numerous, oblong or /~

spathulate, sinuate-toothed or runcinate, glabrous or hispidulous; scapes

glabrous, leafless, mostly branched, in dwarf specimens simple; invol.

glabrous; outer achenes beakless, inner long-beaked ; pappus double.

DC. l.c. 90. Fl. Lond.! t. 149. Fl. Dan. t. 424. H#. Bot. t. 575. H.

Capensis, Less. Syn. 130. Hyoseris tenella, Th.! Cap. 613.

Has. Table Mt. summit, common. Simonstown, C. et 2 a E. § Z.1 Dr.

Wallich, &c. Riv. Zondereinde, Zey./ 3081. Zwartkops R., Zey.! R., Zey.!

(Herb. Th. D., Hk. , Sd.)

CXLVIIL UROSPERMUM, Scop.

Heads many-fl. Invol. campanulate, composed of about 8 uniseriate

scales, concrete at base into a tube. Recept. without palex, piloso-fim-

brilliferous. Corolla hairy at the apex of tube and base of limb. Achenes

sessile, rough with sharp points, beaked, beak very long, hollow, in-

flated at base. Pappus uniseriate, plumose. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 116.

Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves more or less pinnatifid or lyrate, the cauline

amplexicaul. Heads on long, nude peduncles. Flowers yellow. Name, ovpa, a

tail, and omepyn, seed.

1. U. picroides (Desf.) ; leaves runcinate, toothed, the cauline with

sagittate, toothed ears; involucres rough with rigid bristles. DC. J. c.

116. Tragopogon picroides, Linn. Sp. 1111. Lam. Ill. t. 646, f. 3. T.

Capensis, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 577. Urospermum Capense, Spr.

526 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | Lactuea.

Has. Waste ground near cultivation, throughout the Colony and in Kaffraria :

introduced from the south of Europe. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

1-2 ft. high, the stems smooth or bristly, hollow, pale. Leaves very variable in

their cutting.

CXLIX. LACTUCA, Tourn.

Heads several or few-flowered. nv. cylindrical, imbricate, calycled,

2—4-seriate, the outer scales short. ecept. nude. Achenes flattened,

wingless, abruptly produced into a slender beak. Pappus hair-like,

very soft, soon falling off. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 133.

Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, mostly glabrous. Heads generally panicled.

Flowers yellow (or blue or purple). Pappus white or yellow. Name from Jac, milk ;

from the milky juices of these plants.

Mid-rib of leaves smooth ; achenes faintly one-nerved ... .... ... (1) Capensis.

Mid-rib of leaves aculeate ; achenes strongly many-striate ... ... (2) Dregeana.

1, L. Capensis (Thunb.! Cap. 614); quite glabrous ; stem erect,

terete, smooth, simple at base, loosely panicled above ; leaves smooth

on the midrib, the lower runcinate-pinnatifid or quite entire, narrow,

acuminate, upper sagittate at base, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, entire ;

_achenes with a single, slender or faint central rib, rather longer than

the beak ; pappus pale-yellowish, rarely white. Less./ Syn. 135. DC.

Ll, c. 136. Also Scorzonera Capensis, Th.! Cap. 141, et Th.! Herb. fol. 1.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Uitenhage, F. § Z./ Zey.! 3083. Zuureberg, Kipplaat

R., and Zw. Key, Drege! NHowison’s Poort, H. Hutton! Albert and Br. Kaffr.,

Cooper ! 653, 654. Thaba Unka, Burke! Near D’Urban, Natal, Gerr. ¢ McK.!

es — Zey./ 1035. Wienen Country, Dr. Sutherland. (Herb. Th.,

‘Stem rigid, 1-2 feet high, leafy chiefly near the base, the upper leaves small and

sparse, much-branched above. Leaves 3-5 in. long, seldom more than 4-5 lines

wide, much acuminate; frequently quite entire and then linear-lanceolate. In

Herb. Th., sheets 1 of “ Scorzonera Capensis” and sh. 2, 4, of “ Lact. Capensis” belong

to this ; but sheet 1, 3 of Lact. Capensis belong to Sonchus Ecklonianus. Sheet 2 of

‘* Scorz. Capensis” is also a Sonchus, but without its leaves.

2. L. Dregeana (DC. 1. c. 137) ; stem erect, terete, simple at base,

and more or less rough with bristles, panicled and glabrous above ;

leaves with a prickly midrib, sagittate-half-clasping, the lower runcinate

or runcinate or sinuous-toothed and rigidly ciliate the upper quite

entire, linear-lanceolate, much acuminate ; achenes*multistriate, about

equalling their beak. Drege, 3784. L. virosa, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 614-

Has. Cannaland, Thunberg! Zuureberg, Drege! Caledon R., Burke & Zeyher!

Zey! 1037. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.)

_ Stem 2-3 ft. high, pale ; the taller specimens very much branched above. Cau-

line leaves 4-9 in. long, 4-8 1. wide. Very near L. saligna and L. virosa, if suffi-

ciently distinct from the latter. Cultivated specimens from Hort. Kew. and Hort.

Hamburg have broadly oblong or obovate, ‘obtuse, toothed cauline leaves! altogether

unlike those of the wild plant, as above described.

CL. TARAXACUM, Hall.

Heads many-fi. Inv. double, the outer sc. (or calycle) small, either

appressed, spreading or reflexed, inner uniseriate, erect, all frequently

callous-tipped. Recept. nude, Achenes oblong, striate, along the strix

Mierorhyncus. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 527

muricate, or spinellose near the apex, produced into a long, slender

beak. Pappus pilose, pluriseriate. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 145.

Stemless herbs. Leaves all radical, entire or runcinate, mostly glabrous. Seapes

1-headed, fistular, longer than the leaves. Heads yellow. The well known “ Dan-

delion” is the type of this genus. :

1, T. fulvipilis (Harv.); glabrous; leaves very narrow, runcinate,

sparingly toothed ; outer inv. sc. erect; achenes compressed, multistri-

ate, the striz spinulose near the apex, smooth below; papus tawny /

Hypocheris? 6176, Drege! in Hb.

Has. On the flats between Los Tafelberg and Wildschutsberg, Drege’ (Herb.

Sond.)

Leaves 2-3 in. long, the rachis 1-2 1. wide. Scapes 4-5 in. high. Fl. heads

small. This seems to be quite a Taraxacum; but its pale-fulvous pappus is unlike

that of any other known species.

CLI. MICRORHYNCUS, Less.

Heads several-fl. Inv. cylindrical, the scales membrane-edged, the

outer much shorter, imbricate, forming a calycle. Recept. nude. Achenes

4, rarely 5-angled, sub-rostrate, (the beak very short, not obvious in

immature fruit), ribbed and furrowed, the ribs either smooth or cross-

ridged, furrows narrow. Pappus multiseriate, pilose. DC. Prodr. 7.

p. 180.

Glabrous, perennial herbs. Leaves coarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers

yellow. Name, pixpos, small, puyxos, a beak.

1, M. Dregeanus (DC. 1.c. 181); stems trailing, flagelliform; leaves

fascicled at tha nodes, obovate, or obovato-spathulate, tapering at base,

sub-petiolate, closely calloso-denticulate ; pedicels among the tufts of

leaves, short, bracteate.

Has. Omsamculo and Omcomas, Drege! Natal, Rev. Mi. Hewetson! T. William-

son! J. Sanderson! Gerr. § McK. 1016. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Trailing stems ‘‘sometimes 8-10 ft. long” (Gerr. d McK). Lower leaves, 2-5

in. long, 1-1} in. broad ; upperseldom 1 in. long, }in. wide, Pedicels scarcely uncial.

Heads many-fl. Inv. imbricate. Achenes similar, wingless, com-

pressed, beakless, longitudinally ribbed, the ribs often cross-ridged or

muricate. Pappus soft, very white, multiseriate, the hairs very slender.

DC. Prodr, 7, p. 184.

Herbaceous (rarely half-shrubby) plants, of very various aspect. Leaves entire

or pinnatisect, runcinate or lyrate. Flowers yellow.—Name, covxos, the sow-thistle,

said to be from coudos, spongy or hollow.

Root perennial :

Stem and lvs. glaucous ; Ivs. elongate, narrow, simple or

St. and lvs. not glaucous :

Stem nearly nude; rad. lvs. narrow, elongate, mostly

TUNG, Tot Clasp sa, ee ee ces ee

Stem leafy ; lvs. stem-clasping, oblong, acute, denticu-

late (rarely subruncinate) ... ... ... .. «.. +. (3) integrifclius.

Stem scarcely any; heads subsessile, among rosulate,

runcinate, radicalleaves ... ... -.. +. «- ++. (4) anus.

Root annual ; leaves stem-clasping, polymorphous ; stem tall, leafy (5) oleraceus.

(1) Dregeanus.

(2) Ecklonianus.

528 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [| Sonchus

1, S. Dregeanus (DC.! 1. c. 184); perennial, glabrous, glaucous ;

stem erect, terete; leaves linear-elongate, acuminate, the radical and

lower either quite entire or variably runcinate, the lobes strongly re-

curved, taper-pointed, entire or toothed; upper cauline lvs. sagittate at

base, stem-clasping, toothed or entire ; heads subcorymbose, on a long,

nude peduncle ; inv. tomentose at base, the scales membrane-edged ;

achenes slightly tapering upwards, longitudinally many rib-striate,

strize smooth.

Has. On the flats near Los Tafelberg ; between Buffelvalei and Kraai rivier ; near

Gaatje; on the Sneeuweberg ; and by the banks of the Zwartkops R., Drege! Zwart-

kops R., and near Smalldeel, Ceded Terr., Zey./ Near Grahamstown, P. MacOwan,

531. (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.)

Mr. Mac Owan’s specimen is much more luxuriant than any I have seen from

Drege or Zeyher, and the leaves, besides being runcinate, are toothed on and between

the lobes ; in the common forms the margin is quite entire betw. the lobes. Leaves

3-10 in. long, 3-8 1. wide.

2. S. Ecklonianus (DC. 1. c. 184); perennial, glabrous, not glaucous ;

stem nearly nude, terete, subsimple or sparingly branched; leaves

chiefly radical, linear-elongate, either entire, runcinate, or runcinato-

pinnatifid ; cauline few, sessi/e (not sagittate at base) ; heads few, long-

pedicelled ; inv. subtomentose at base, the sc. membr.-edged ; achenes

slightly tapering upwards, longitudinally rib-striate, striz smooth.

Lactuca Capensis, Sheets 1, 3, in Hb. Thunb.!

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Ecklon! Sides of Table Mt., Capetown, rare, W. H. H.

Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 350. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

Very close indeed to S. Dregeanus, but not glaucous, of smaller size, and with

fewer and less clasping cauline leaves. Radical leaves rosulate, 4-6 in.long. Stem

6-12 in. high, few-headed, =

3. 8. integrifolius (Harv.); perennial, glabrous, not glaucous; stem

erect, terete, leafy, subsimple; leaves oblong or oblong-linear, acute,

entire or the lower subruncinate, all strongly stem-clasping, and slightly

adnate at base, the margin minutely callous-denticled ; heads on very

long pedicels ; inv. quite glabrous, sc. 3-seriate, the inner membr. edged ;

achenes nearly linear, longitudinally ribstriate, the striz smooth.

Ore tae T. Williamson! J. Sanderson! Near D’Urban, Gerr. g§ M‘K.! 315.

erb. DV,

This has much broader, less tapering and more entire leaves than any of this

section; the cauline leaves especially more thoroughly amplexicaul, and partly

adnate. Leaves 4-5 in. long, 1-1} in. wide.

4, §. nanus (Sond.! in Herb.); perennial, glabrous, nearly stemless ;

radical leaves runcinate or pinnate-lobed, tapering at base, rosulate;

heads subsessile among the radical leaves ; iny. se. broad, membr.-edged ;

achenes tapering upwards, much compressed, longitudinally rib-striate,

the strie smooth. Compos. Z.n. N.n. H., 114. 10, .&Z.!

Has. Cape, Ecklon and Zeyher/ (Herb. Sond.) :

A very dwarf plant, probably from some alpine height. Leaves 4—5 in. long;

‘mostly runcinate, like those of a Dandelion. Heads several, subsessile on a woody

crown of root.

5. S. oleraceus (Linn. Sp. 1116); annual; stem erect, terete, glabrous,

Hieracium.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 529

or sprinkled with gland-tipped bristles near the summit and on the

involucres; cauline leaves ear-clasping at base, sharply ciliate-toothed,

polymorphous, either undivided, runcinate, lyrate or deeply pinnatifid ;

inv. and pedicels glabrous or rarely glandular; inv. after flowering coni-

cal, finally refiexed; achenes compressed or flattened, finely striate,

longitudinally the tric rough or smooth. JZ. Bot. t. 843.

Var. a, ciliatus; achenes compressed, narrowed to the base, finely multistriate,

the striz cross-ridged. 8. ctliatus. Lam. DOC./ l. ¢. 185. 8S. oleraceus, a B., Linn.

lc. 8. asper, Blackw. Herb. t. 30. S. wmbellifer, Th.! Cap. 614. 8S. zacinthoides,

DC.! lic. 184, S. reversus, E, Mey.! DC. 1. c. 186.

Var. §, fallax; achenes flattened, narrowed at base, with 3-5 subdistant, smooth

striz on each face. S. fallax, Wallr. DC./ 1. ¢. 185. 8S. oleraceus, y. § 6., Linn.

S. spinosus, Lam. S. glaber, Thunb.! Cap. 614.

Has. A weed in cultivated ground throughout the Colony, introduced from

Europe. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)

The common ‘ Sowthistle.” There are evidently two “‘races” of this plant. known

by the characters of fruit above described; but they grow often intermixed, nor is

there any permanent character of ee to ‘distinguish teas I therefore perfer to

leave the species as Linnzeus had it.

CLL HIERACIUM, L.

Heads many-fl. nv. ovate, often cylindrical, composed of linear

obtuse, often acuminated, rarely 2-ranked, commonly multiseriate, im-

bricated scales. ecept. nude, areolate, the areoles pentagonal, often

with a minutely fimbriate margin. <Achenes 5-angled, substriate, mostly

clavate, beakless or nearly so; or oblong or fusiform. Pappus persistent,

uniseriate, simple, sessile, often dirty-whiteish, the bristles rigid, scabrid.

DO. Prodr. 7, p. 199.

A vast, cosmopolitan genus; very few from the Southern hemisphere. Perennial,

caulescent herbs, with alternate leaves, variously pubescent; the hairs often glandu-

lar or stellate. Name from lepat, a hawk ; **Hawk weed.” Engl.

= leaves obovate- obtuse ; ‘stem and pedicels glabrous ;

powdery .. ... (1) Capense.

Root ives nosis aut; — pedicels and inv, gland-

hispid ‘ee : wt oe eas Sep pelea:

1. H. Capense (Linn. imenine p. oe stem nearly a scape-

like, glabrous, striate, panicled or racemoso-corymbose at the summit ;

radical leaves rosulate, obovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed, denticulate, or

subentire, on both sides sparsely pubescent ; cauline leaves reduced to

scales ; pedicels elongate, straight, alternate ; ; inv. sc. subtomentose

at base, se. thinly powdery, in few rows, linear, very acute; ligules

pubescent externally ; achenes cylindrical ; ; pappus dirty-white. DC.

i. c. 218. Fries, Emer. Hier. 141. Crepis striata, Th.! Cap. 613. Pi-

cris striata, Spr. Syst. 3, 264. Schmidtia Capensis, Retchb.

Var. 8. microcephala; rad. Ivs. quite glabrous, lanceolate, entire; stem very

much branched ; heads 4 ‘smaller ; achenes delicately striate.

Has. Cape, Thunherg! About Table Mt., especially the East side, and at New-

lands, fi wobile £E.§ 2.1 WHA, &e. Drakensteinberg, Drege! Zwartkops R., rc. fe i

3082. Slaayekraal, Burke’ Grahamstown, H. Hutton! Br. Kaffraria, Cooper

149. Natal, Krauss! 345. Gerr. dé McK./ 310. Van. B. Magalisberg, Zey! Saag

(Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)

VoL. UI. 34

530 CAMPANULACE (Sond.)

Root leaves 3-4 in. long, 4-1 in. wide, much attenuate at base. Stem 1-2 ft.

high or more, simple for 7 its length. ‘‘ Used by the natives about Port Natal

in treating snake-bites. They scarify the bitten limb and rub in the powder into

the cuts, and give the patient a strong hot decoction of the roots to drink. It is

also given to cattle, with success in cases of internal inflammation.” Dr. Callaway,

in litt. to D. Hanbury. 8. may be a distinct species, but the specimens seen are in

imperfect condition.

_ 2 H. polyodon (Fries, Epicr. Hier. p. 67); stem nearly nude, scape-

like, striate, glabrous below, above flocculent and rough with rigid,

subulate, short bristles, few-headed ; radical leaves rosulate, linear-

lanceolate, acute, glabrous, toothed, the teeth reversed, subruncinate ;

pedicels and involucres glandularly setose, the scales in few rows,

linear, obtuse, dark-coloured, with pale, membr. margins ; achenes

columnar ; papp. dirty whitish. :

Has. Cape, Eklon! (Herb. Sond.)

Leaves 4-5 in. long, $-} in. wide. Stem 12-15 in. high, in the specimens seen 2

headed. Very distinct in aspect and pubescence from H, Capense.

CLIV. ANISORAMPHUS, DC. =”

Heads many-fl. Inv. calyculate-imbricate, the scales broadly linear,

the outer about 2-ranked, short, inner sub-biseriate, elongate. Recept.

nude. Achenes oblong, (immature only seen) compressed, striate, ros-

trate ; the beak of the outer ones short, of the inner longer. Pappus

pilose, multiseriate, yellowish. DC. Prodr. 7,.p. 251.

‘A small plant with the aspect of a Hieracium or Hypo

cylindrical. Radical leaves oblong, subattenuate at base, subret 'y toothed,

glabrous ; the cauline very few, linear, ang ey ‘Stem near! ee sulcate <a

at i ab about 3-headed, hairy with black, rigi

glabrous at base, sparingly — oa ith smiles bristles. FL yellow.” Do.Lc.

is. Root thick,

Has. Windvogelberg, in rocky and stony places, 4-so00f. Drege. (Unknown

to us.) *

Orpen LXXVII. CAMPANULACEZ, Juss.

(By W. Sonper:) .

Calyx mostly 5-lobed (varying from 3 to 10-lobed), rarely truncate,

“se adhering to the ovary, or partially or wholly free ; lobes equal or unequal.

Corolla monopetalous, rarely cleft nearly to the base or polypetalous,

regular or irregular, the lobes valvate or induplicate in sstivation.

_ Stam. as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them, epigy-

- nous, free from the corolla, very rarely inserted on its tube; jilaments

expanded at base; anth. 2-celled, splitting longitudinally. Ovary

inferior (or half-inferior, rarely superior), 2-3—5-6-8-10-celled ; ovules

many or few, rarely definite or solitary; style simple. Fruit a capsule

or berry; rarely a drupe or nut. Seeds albuminous; embryo straight.

_ Herbaceous, rarely shrubby or arborescent plants, often with milky acrid juice.

‘Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, mostly toothed, sometimes lobed or much cut,

CAMPANULACE# (Sond.) 531

without stipules. Flowers racemose, or panicled, or solitary, terminal or axillary.

A large order, chiefly from the temperate zones of both hemispheres.

Tribe 1. LOBELIEZ. Corolla monopetalous, irregular, 1-2-lipped, with a split or

rarely an entire tube, persistent. Anthers syngenesious, cohering i in a tube round

the stigma ; pollen ovoid, smooth. Style glabrous ; stigma girt with a circle of hairs,

mostly 2- lobed. Juice milky. (Gen. 1-9.)

Sub-tribe 1. Clintoniee : Capsule 1 — prismatic, elongate, 3-valved.

TI. Grammatotheca. ‘

Sub-tribe 2. Lobeliew : Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, the valves in the ce td septi-

ferous, rarely opening by pores.

* Tube of the corolla cleft down one side to the base.

IL. Metzleria.—Cor. subregular, 5-parted, segments lanceolate. 2 lower anthers

tipped with bristles.

III. Monopsis.—Cor. rotate, 5-lobed, lobes roundish- ovate. Anth. all bearded.

IV. Isolobus.—Cor. 5-fid, unilabiate ; lobes equal, spreading. 2 lower anth. bearded.

V. Parastranthus.— Cor. 5-fid, 2- lipped, upp. lip 3, lower 2-fid. Anth. all bearded.

VI. Lobelia.—Cor. 5-fid, —— upp. 2-, lower 3-fid. Anth. all, or the 2 lower

bearded.

VII. Dobrowskya.—Cor. 3- d, 2 upper petals separate, clawed ; 3 lower connate

into a 3-fid lip. Anth. nil bearded. : Zz :

** Tube of the corolla funnelshaped, not cleft at one side.

VIII. Enchysia.—Cor. sub-regular, the lobes sub-equal, erect.

1X. Laurentia.—Cor. bilabiate, 2 upp. lobes small, 3 lower larger, reflexed.

Tribe 2, CAMPANULEZ. Corolla monopetalous (rarely 4-5-petaled), regular.

Anthers separate; pollen spherical, echinulate. Style pubescent ; stigma nude (not

in a cup), mostly 2-3-5-lobed. Juice commonly milky. (Gen. 10-17.)

Sub-tribe 1. Wahlenbergiee. Capsule opening at the apex. Ovules many.

- * Capsule opening with valves regularly.

X. Li — Cor. 4—5-parted to the base or nearly so.

Tooele, 1 meal a 5-lobed | at apex. Caps. 5-celled, cells

shaped, 5-lobed at the apex, or 5-fid to

ed ; cells, when 5, opposite the cal.-lobes.

XIV. ‘aged Cae 2-celled, long and slender, naked, at length splitting

from the top nearly to the bottom into 5 ts.

XV. Roella.—Caps. 2-celled, crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes, opening by a _

terminal pore.

Sub-tribe 2. Mercieriee. * Stamens free. Ovary one-celled, with an incomplete

septum. Ovules 4 in the bottom of the ovary. 4

XVI. Merciera. Cor. with a very long, narrow tube.

Sub-tribe 3. Siphocodee. Stam. inserted in the tube of the corolla. Ovary

3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled. t

XVII. Siphocodon. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed at apex.

Doubtful Genus.

Bhigiophyllam. Cor. with a long tube, 5-lobed. St. inserted near the apex of

the tube of corolla. Ovary 3-celled ; cells many ovuled.

Tribe 3. CYPHIEZH. Petals 5, separate or partially cohering by their claws above

34*

532 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) [Grammatotheca.

the base, spreading more or less irregularly in the form of a labiate corolla. Anthers

separate, rigid, mostly hispid at back ; pollen globose. Style glabrous ; stigma obtuse,

simple, nude, or with an imperfect indusium. Caps, 2-celled; many seeded.

XVIII. Cyphia. Character of the tribe,

Tribe 4. GOODENOVIEZ. Cor. monopetalous, irregular, the tube split in front,

limb 5-parted, 1-2-lipped, with induplicate estivation. Anthers separate or coher-

ing ; pollen simple or compound. Style simple (very rarely 2) ; stigma fleshy, girt

with a cup-like indusium.

‘XIX. Scevola.—Cor. unilabiate. Anth. free. Drupe fieshy or dry ; seeds soli-

tary. (A sea-coast shrub.)

TRIBE I.—LOBELIEH. (Gen. I-IX.)

1. GRAMMATOTHECA, Pres}.

Calyx-tube elongate, linear-triquetrous ; lobes 5-parted, spreading

or reflexed. Corolla tubulose ; tube cleft the whole length ; limb 5-

parted, 2-labiate, the 2 upper lobes linear, erect, lower lip larger, reflexed,

~ 3-lobed. Anthers all bearded. Stigma bilobed. Capsule linear, tri-

-~ quetrous, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded ; valves coherent at the base

and apex, 2 of them placentiferous in the middle. Seeds ovoid. Prodr.

Lob. p. 43. DC. Prodr. 7, 348, Lobeliee sect. Clintonia, Chamiss. in

Linnea, 8, p. 217. Endl. Gen. n. 3051.

Herbaceous, glabrous plants; leaves sessile, linear or lanceolate; flowers axillary,

sessile, blue. Name from ypapupa, a line, and @xa, capsule, in reference to the

linear capsule.

1. G. erinoides (Sond.). Lobelia erinoides, Thunb. Prodr. p. 40. Fl.

Cap. p. 180. ee

Van. a. Thunbergiana ; leaves linear-lanceolate, remotely denticulate ; flowers

about twice shorter than the leaf. ZL. erinoides, Thunb,/ 1. c. Lob. ( Clintonia) Ber-

giana Cham. l.c. Gram. Bergiana et Mundtiana, Presi, l.c. p.44. DC.l.e. E. § Z.

nN. 2410, # 2

Var. B, Dregeana; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, remotely denticulate ;

flowers about as long or a little longer than the leaf. G. Dregeana, Presl, l. c. Deless!

Icon. v. 5, t. 6. G. Meyeriana, Presi! 1. c. (a small specimen). G. Eckloniana, Presl!

lie. E. & Zn. 2489. Rapuntium, Zeyh. n. 1051.

_ Has. Wet or boggy places, and by rivulets near Capetown, Hanglip, Paarl, Berg-

river, Dutoitskloof, Zwartkopsriver, and Port Natal (Zob. Anceps. Plant. n. 31).

Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb. Reg., Berol., Hook., D., Sd.) :

_ Root perennial, creeping. Stem ascending, erect or procumbent, sometimes root-

ing and stoloniferous, 4-2 feet long, flexuous, simple or branched, compressed or

triangular above. Leaves alternate, lower ones often broader, obovate or oblong-

cuneate, but generally linear-lanceolate or linear, with a callous point, remotely serru-

late or denticulate, 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines wide, spreading. Flowers in the upper

axils of the leaves sometimes racemose. Ovary sessile, with 2 linear bractex at

the base, 4 lines to 1 inch long, erect, crowned by the linear, acute, serrulate or

_ciliolate calyx-lobes, which are unequal, about 1 line long. Corolla 4-44 lines long, |

__ bright blue, the tube striated, the lobes of the lower lip ovate or ovate-oblong, acute.

Capsule incurved, dehiscing at the sides. G. Eckloniana is more diffuse than @-

_ Dregeana, but in no other respect different ; the flowers are not longer. G. Meyertane

_ is founded on a small and narrow-leaved specimen; the flowers are not pedicellate.

sen Il, METZLERIA, Presl.

- Calyx-tube hemispherical ; limb 5-parted. Corolla split the whole

Metzleria.] CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) 533

length on back, 5-parted, subregular, lobes lanceolate, the lower con-

nate at the base, spreading, the t upper lobes free. Anthers subincurved,

the two lower terminated by asingle bristle, rarely bearded. Capsule glo-

bose, bivalved. Prod. Mon. Lob. p.7. Endl. Gen. n. 3055. Also DC.!

in Prodr. 7, 350. Lobelice species, Thunb.

Small, annual, decumbent herbs, with alternate leaves, and minute, 7 sad

tary, pedicellate flowers. Named after Giseke-Metzler, professor of natural

in England, 1813.

TAVON WETTUIAO oe ce ne eee cee eee ee eee

Leaves entire : : =

Leaves petiolate, obovate . vce ees ee ek

Leaves sessile, ovate, narrowed to the base... s. eve sve (2 ;

Leaves sessile, ovate, acute, upper lanceolate... ... ... ... (3) filicaulis.

1. M. depressa (Sd ); glabrous; stems decumbent, filiform, branched;

leaves petiolate, obovate, obtuse, entire; peduncles axillary, solitary,

twice longer than the leaf. Lobelia depressa, Thunb. prod. p. 39. Fi...

Cap. p. 178. Linn. f. Suppl. p. 395. #. Z. n. 2443. “i

Has. Sandy places near Capetown, Greenpoint, Tablemountain, Thunb., Pappe,

W.H.H. Swellendam, E.¢ Z. Platteklipp, Zey. n. 1049, b. Nov.-Feb. (Herb.

Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Habit of £latine "Hydropiper. Stems or branches diffuse, 1-3 inches long, white.

Leaves obovate, or ovate-oblong, 1-2 lines long ; petioles as long or shorter than

the leaf. Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Flowers minute, white? or pale rose-coloured.

Corolla 1 line long, lobes ovato-lanceolate. Capsule } line long.

2. M. Dregeana (Sond.); glabrous; stems prostrate, branched, root-

ing; branches angular, very leafy; leaves ovate, tapering at the base,

acutish or obtuse, entire ; ; peduncles axillary, as long or shorter than

the leaf, biglandular at the base. UM. depressa, Presl / 1. c. DC. ! Prod.

p. 350, not Lob. depressa, Thunb.

Has. Witbergen, 6-7000 ft. Drege. Sapioriver, Burke & Zeyh. n. 1047, October.

(Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

Stems 2-5 inches long. Leaves on a very short petiole, or subattenuated at

the base, subfleshy, 2-3 lines long, 1§ line wide. Calyx-lobes twice shorter than

the tube. Corolla rose-coloured? 14 line long, lobes lanceolate or a

Capsule 1 line long. Distinguished from M. depressa by very numerous broader,

nearly sessile leaves, shorter peduncles, and larger flowers.

3. M. filicaulis (Presl! L c.); glabrous ; stems humifuse, angular,

filiform, branched ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, entire, upper ones

lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter or longer than the leaf.

DC. 1. 6. p. 351. #. Zl nm. 2444. .

Has. In waterpools on the fields near the Zwartkopsriver, Uitenhage, EF. & Z.

Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K., n, 1483. Near Capetown, W. H. H. October. (Herb.

Hook., D., Sd.)

Larger specimens resemble Anagallis phaenicea. Leaves not fleshy, commonly

distant, 3 lines long, 2 lines wide, the upper 3-4 lines long, 1 line wide. Pedicels

2-6 lines long. Flowers very minute as in Z. depressa, of which it is perhaps a

variny Presl. has only seen an imperfect specimen, communicated by Ecklon.

4. M. humifusa (A. DC.! 1. c. p. 351); quite glabrous; stem and

branches capillary, angular, diffuse ; leaves ovate, very shortly petiolate,

serrulate, serratures 3-4 on each side, callously mucronulate as well as

534 CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [ Monopsis.

the terminal, obtuse lobe; pedicels 2-3 times longer than the leaf,

naked; calyx-tube subturbinate, lobes ovate, acute; corolla 3 times

longer than the calyx-lobes. Rapuntium pygmaeum, Presl.! excl. syn.

E. Z.! n. 2486.

Has. Top of Table Mt., Z. § Z., Drege, Pappe, W.H.H. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. D.,Sd.)

Stems 1-4 inches long. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 14-2 lines wide, or smaller, on

very short, broad petioles. Peduncles erect. Calyx-lobes longer than the very

short tube. Corolla 1} line long, white; in one specimen they appear blue, lobes

ovate-lanceolate, the 2 upper a little narrower, nearly free. Anthers glabrous or

hairy on back, the lower setaceous or bearded at top. It varies with more fleshy

leaves, of which the upper are entire.

Ill. MONOPSIS, Salish.

' Calyx-tube obconical or hemispherical ; lobes equal, linear, acute.

Corolla funnel-, or salver-shaped, with a tube cleft the whole length;

limb rotate, 5-lobed, lobes equal, roundish, Anthers all bearded.

Stigmas 2. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2, p. 37. A. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 35%:

Lobelice spec. Linn. et Thunb.

Small annual herbs with diffuse branches, linear-lanceolate leaves, very long,

axillary, 1-flowered, naked peduncles, and showy deep blue flowers with yellow

anthers. Name from povos, one, and ois, a face, in reference to the regular, not

bilabiate flowers.

Cal. tube obconical ; capsule acute or tapering at base... ... (1) debilis.

Cal. tube hemispherical ; caps. roundish... ... ... ... ... (2) campanulata.

1. M. debilis (Presl! Prod. Lob. p. 11); branches diffuse ; leaves

linear, acute, remotely serrate, subpilose or glabrous; pedicels erect

or ascending, 2-4 times longer than the leaf; calyx-tube obconical,

lobes linear-acuminate; tube of corolla a little longer than the calyx,

with roundish, mucronulate lobes; capsule a little curved, acute or

attenuate at the base. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 284. E.& Z.n. 2452.

Deless. Icon. 5,v. t. 7. Lobelia debilis, Linn. fil.! Suppl. p. 395. L. Erinus,

Thunb.! fol. 8. et y. fl. Cap. p. 179, ex. pte. L. debilis, Thunb. in Herb.

Holm, non in Herb. Thunb. Zey. n. 1052-3114.

Var, 8. conspicua; smaller ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; tube of calyx

shortly obconical ; corolla often larger. M. conspicua, Salisb. l. c. p. 40. t. 2. Presl.

Lc. p. 10, BE. § Z.n. 2451. M. Speculum A. DC.! Lob. Speculum Andr. Bot. Rep.

t. 644. Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1499. L. simplex Thumb.! Prod. p. 39. A. DC. Prodr.

p. 371. Rap. simplex Presl. prodr. Lob.p. 17. Lob. campanulata, Lam. dict. 3. p. 588.

Zey. M. 1054, 1056.

Has. Moist places in the distr. of Cape, Stellenbosch and Worcester, var. 8. near

Capetown, Klypfontein, Brackfontein, etc. also near Magalisherg, Sept. Nov.

(Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Very variable in size, from 2 inches to 1 foot, leafy, commonly branched from

the base, the branches filiform or capillary. Leaves entire at the base, 6-12 lines

long, 4-1 line wide. Peduncles 1~2} inches long. Corolla 4-6 lines long, lobes

rotate. Capsule subincurved or horizontal, in var. a., 2-4 lines long, evidently 10

nerved, in var, 8. usually shorter, 1-3 lines long, hispid or adpressed hairy, some-

times quite glabrous. The calyx-lobes are erect or spreading in the same specimen.

2. M. campanulata (Sond.); stem branched, glabrous; leaves lin-

ear-lanceolate orlanceolate, remotely serrate, with cattilaginous margins ;

pedicels erect, subpilose, 2-4-times longer than the leaf; calyx-tube

‘ae

Isolobus.| CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 535

hemispherical, hispid, shorter than the linear, acuminate lobes ; tube of

corolla equalling the calyx, with roundish mucronulate lobes ; * capsule

roundish. M. conspicua, var. gracilis Presl.! Comm. pl. Drege, p. 284.

M. co A, DC.! 1. ¢. p. 352. Lobelia campanulata, Lam.! dict. 3.

P. 5

Has. Draakensteenbergen, 2-300 ft., Drege ; Modderfontyn, Namaqualand, V.

Schlicht. Rev. H. Whitchead. Cape, Vaillant, Herb. Lamark. Ort. (Herb, Roeper.,

D., Sd.)

in habit and size exactly M. conspicua, Sal. and only differing by eet

roundish at the base. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire or a few toothed caulin

leaves 6-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Calyx-lobes soon reflexed, 2 lines long. Tube

of corolla 4 lines long, limb rotate. Capsule the size of a small. pea.

IV. ISOLOBUS, A. DC.

Calyzx-tube turbinate or obeonical, elongate. Corolla split the whole

length down the back, unilabiate, 5-fid ; lobes equal, spreading. Anthers

of the two lower stamens terminated by a single seta. Stigma bilobed.

DC. Prod. 7, 2, p. 352. Lobelia, Spec. Auct. Pratie, Spec. G. Don. Gen.

Syst. Gard. 3, p. 699. Monopsis, Sp. Presl. Prod. Lob. p. 11. Rapunt.

Spec. Presl. Comm. pl. Drege, p. 287.

Perennial herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves alternate, serrate. Flowers solitary,

axillary or aggregated at the apex, white or purplish. Name from ios, equal, and

AoBos, lobe, in reference to the equal lobes of stigma.

Ascending or erect ; fl. in dense, terminal corymbs ..._... (1) corymbosus.

Diffuse, procumbent ; fi. axillary, on thread-like pedicels ... (2) Ecklonianus.

1. I. corymbosus (A. DC.!1.c.); glabrous; stem ascending or

erect, angular, branched ; leaves inciso-serrate, lower ones obovate or

suborbicular, petiolate, upper sessile, lanceolate- spathulate or sublinear ;

lowers disposed in dense, terminal corymbs; bracteze narrow-linear,

toothed, longer than the pedicels ; calyx-tube turbinate with acumi-

nate lobes. Monopsis corymbosa, Presl ! 1. ¢.

Var. a. foliosus; branches leafy at the apex ; upper leaves lanceolate or linear-

spathulate. I. corymbosus, A. DO. cg sis arte” tet iene pga

Philos. Jour. Oct. 1826, p. 385. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2693. _Pratia corymbosa, G. Don.

lc. BE. Zn. 2453. Herb. Un. itin. n. 489. ical

Var. 8. jasionoides; branches ee leafy or nearly naked at the apex ;

upper leaves linear-lanceolate or linear. 7. jastonoides, A. DC.! l. ¢. p. 353. Deless.

Icon. vol. 5, t. 8. Rap. corymbosum, Presl.! E. Meyer, comm. pl. Drege, p. 287. Zeyh.

Mm. 3117.

Var. y. sparsiflorus; branches sparingly leafy or nearly naked at the apex ;

upper — sublinear ; ‘flowers axillary, solitary, the terminal subcorymbose. Zey.

nm. 311

Has. Sandy and rocky places, Tablemountain ; Hott. Holl. ; Kleinriviersberg,

Caledon, E.g¢ Z.; var. 8. Baviansberg, Genadenthal, Dr. Pappe ; Rivierzonder Einde,

E. & Z.; between Ebenezar and Giftberg, and in Caffraria, Drege ; var. -y. near

Voormansbosh, Swellendam, Zey., W. H. H. Oct.—Jan. (Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

Perennial herb, 3-14 foot high, much-branched. Leaves decurrent, sharply

serrate, 6-8 lines long ; ; the lower suborbicular, ovate or obovate, 3 lines wide ; the

middle oblong-cuneate or spathulate, the upper sublinear, about 1 line wide ; peti-

oles of the lower leaves as long or shorter than the limb. Corymb or condensed

raceme 4-1 inch long and broad, sometimes smaller, Pedicels and calyx hairy

or glabrous. Corolla 2 lines long, 5-fid, purplish or white with purplish spots.

Anthers shorter or as long as the aie often subexserted. Capsule bivalved.

536 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) [Pavrastranthus.

In var. 8. the upper part of the branches is leafless or nearly so, the flowers are

aggregated to a dense corymb; var. y. has the same habit, but the pedicels are

solitary in the axil of the leaves, and only a few (4-6) form a terminal leafy corymb.

2. I. Ecklonianus (Sond.); quite glabrous; stems diffuse, procum-

bent, axillary, branched ; leaves tapering into a short petiole, dentate

or serrate; the lower obovate or spathulate; the middle oblong-cuneate

or lanceolate ; the upper sessile, sublinear, bidentate ; pedicels axdlary,

capillary, half as‘ long as the leaves, bibracteolate at the base ; calyx-

tube turbinate with subulate lobes. Lobelia Eckloniana, A. DC. l. ¢. p.

368. Rap. Ecklonianum, Presl! E. Z.n. 2464. E. Mey. Comm. pl.

Drege, p. 286. Isol. sparsiflorus, A. DC.! l. ¢. p. 353-

Has, On Kasteelberg, Tablemountain, Z. § Z., W. H. H.; Drakensteenbergen,

Drege. Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.) .

Nearly allied to var. y. of the preceding, but the stems diffuse, more capillary,

weak, and all the flowers axillary, distant. Root perennial. Stems 4-8 in. long,

, trailing. Leaves 4-8 lines long, the lowest 2—3 lines wide, coarsely ser-

rate, the serratures 3-4, mucronate ; uppermost leaves about 1 line wide, narrowed,

at the base. Pedicels 4 lines long. Corolla 2 lines long, white, with purplish lobes,

lanceolate. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, Capsule with an inflated, subbilobed

apex, opening by 2 broad, apiculate valves bearing the septa in their middle. Seeds

*elliptic.” Harv. in Herb. D.

V. PARASTRANTHUS, G. Don.

Calyx 5-cleft, tube cylindrical or obconical. Corolla cleft the whole

length, bilabiate, upper lip of 3 lobes, lower one of 2 lobes, smaller.

Anthers all bearded. Stigma bifid. Seeds roundish, very minute. (ren.

Hist. Gard. 3, p.716. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 354. Endl. Gen. n. 3055. Lobelive

Spec. Linn. Thunb. Rapuntii, sect. Xanthomeria. Presl, Prodr, Lob. p. 11.

Perennial or suffruticulose herbs, with sessile, toothed leaves, and terminal racemes

of nearly sessile or pedicellate flowers. Name from rapacrpedw, to invert, and av@os,

a flower ; the flowers are upside down, compared with those of Lobelia.

Flowers yellow :

Leaves lanceolate, serrate, acute... ... 60. 1. vee ose (1) luteus.

Leaves linear, the lower entire, upper ones serrate or toothed (2) variifolius.

Flowers blue or white ; leaves ovate, attenuate to the base ... ..._ (3) thermalis.

1. P, luteus (A. DC. Prodr. p. 354); glabrous or slightly hairy ; stems

simple or branched, ascending; leaves lanceolate, serrate, acute ; flowers

almost sessile at the tops of the stems, forming a loose spike; bractes

toothed, shorter than their calycine segments ; corolla hairy. Burm.

Afr, p. 101, t. 39. Lobelia lutea, Linn. Spec. p. 1322. Thund.! Fl. Cap.

p. 180. Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1319. Rapunt. luteum, Presl, 1. c. E. § 4.

n. 2454. P. simplex, Don. t.c. Sieb. ext. Cap. 249. Herb. Un. Itin. n-

18, 484. Zeyh. n. 1056.

Var. B, capitatus; flowers subcapitate. Rap. capitatum, Presl/l.c. E. § Z. -

2456. Parast. capitatus, A. DC. 1. ¢.

Var. y, euphrasioides ; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, serrate. Rap. euphra-

sioides, Presl! 1. c.; E.d& Z.n. 2457. Parast. euphrasioides, A. DC. l. ¢. p. 355:

Var. 5, ericoides ; stems diffuse, filiform ; leaves very small, alternate or sub-

wers spiked. Rap. ericoides, Presl, l. c. p. 12.; E. § Z. 2458. Parast.

- DC. 1. c. Lob. lutea, Thund.! Herb. var. a, ex pte.

wet places, Cape flats, and in mountains near Capetown, Zoutrivier,

Lobelia. | CAMPANULACES (Sond.) 537

and Rietvalley, Winterhoek, Tulbaghskloof, and Witsenberg. Oct.-April. (Herb.

Thunb., Holm., Hook.,.D., Sd.) Svasesne, 9% :

Stems many from the root, filiform, 4-1 foot high. Leaves numerous, often

secundate, glabrous, 4-1 inch long, 1-14, rarely 2-3 lines wide; in var. 8, 2-3 lines

long, 4 line wide. Spike } to several inches. Calyx obconical, glabrous or hairy ;

_ lobes lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla deep yellow. Capsule cylindrical, 4 lines

long. Rapunt. flavum. Presl.! in EB. Z. n. 2455, is P. luteus, with a few-flowered

raceme, in which 1 or 2 flowers are more or less pedicellate and bracteated by a

narrower leaf. ‘

2. P. variifolius (Don. 1. c.); stem erect, simple, rarely branched

above; leaves numerous, erect, linear, glabrous, upper ones toothed or

serrate, the lower‘entire; flowers solitary, axillary, nearly terminal, almost

sessile; bracteze as long as the flowers; corolla hairy. Lobelia varii-

folia, Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1692. Rap. variifolium, Presl, Prodr, p. 12.

comm. pl. Dreg. p. 285, LE. Z. n. 2459.

Has, Wet places on hills, Waterfall, Tulbagh, EZ. ¢ Z., Pappe. Nieuwekloof

Vierentwintigrivier and Pickenierskloof, Drege. Betw. Roux and Bergrivier, Zeyh.

n. 1055. Nov.~Dec. (Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

2-4 inches high, very leafy from the base to the apex, glabrous or slightly hairy.

Upper leaves 4-6 lines long, } line wide, concave or sulcate above, acute, with 2-3

sharp teeth on each side, the lower leaves 3-2 lines long. 1 or 3 deep yellow

flowers at top of the branches. Calyx-tube hairy, obconical ; lobes lanceolate, acumi-

nate. Stigma always bifid, not trifid.

8. P. thermalis (Sond.); stems decumbent or creeping, simple or

branched, filiform, hispid or glabrous; leaves sessile, ovate, acute,

narrowed at the base, serrate, glabrous or hairy beneath ; flowers

axillary, shortly pedicellate ; calyx-tube clavate, hispid, 2-3 times

longer than the lanceolate lobes; corolla minutely downy, hispid at

the lobes; capsule cylindraceous. A. DC. Prod. p. 354. Lob. leptocarpa,

Grissel. in Linnaea, 5,p. 419. DC.1.c.p. 358. Lob. thermalis, Thunb. !

prod. p. 40. Fl. Cap. 181. Rap. thermale, Presl, prod. p. 12. L. pubescens,

Detr. ex Steud. L. Mundtiana Chamiss! Linnaea, 8, p. 215. L. glabri-

folia, BE. Meyer in Herb. Drege. Rap. glabrifolium, Presl! Prod. p. 12.

E. & Zn. 2460. ee ee

Has. Watercourses and damp situations near the baths of Oliphantsriver, Thunb. ;

near Winterhoeksberg, Uitenhage, E.G Z., Nieuweveld ; on the Brakrivier, and

between Keiskamma and Basche, Drege; Gamkariver, Mundt; Magalisberg, Burke

& Zey. n. 1071; Distr. of Albert, 7. Cooper, n. 1391; Queenstown D., Mrs. F. W.

Barber; Grahamstown, Dr .Atherstone; Transvaal and Port Natal, 7. Sanderson,

Miss Owen ; Roggeveld, 4.Wyley. Dec.—-Feb. (Herb. Th., Holm., Hk., D., Sd.)

Stems 4-1 foot long, subangular. Leaves alternate, distant by intervals of 3-4

lines, ovate or elliptical or sublanceolate, sharply serrated, 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines

wide, Flowers rare in the axils ; peduncles 1-2, rarely 3-4 lines long, hispid.

Calyx-lobes 1} line long. Corolla about 8 lines long ; tube white, dilated above ;

lower lip bifid; lobes erect, acute, blue; upper lip 3-fid, blue. Capsule hairy or

subglabrous, 6-8 lines long. It is a true Parastranthus; the flower is incorrectly

described by Chamisso and others. In the dry flowers the blue colour of the lobes

has generally disappeared.

VIL. LOBELIA, Linn. ——

Calyx 5-lobed, sub-obconical, ovoid, or hemispherical. Corolla irre-

gular, bilabiate, tube cylindraceous or infundibuliform, cleft on the upper

side; upper lip often smaller and erect; lower lip often spreading or

538 : CAMPANULACE (Sond.) ~ | Lobelia.

pendulous, 3-fid. Anthers cohering, the 2 lower ones or sometimes all

bearded. Ovary inferior or half-superior. Capsule 2-celled, 2 valved,

many seeded, dehiscing at the apex. Lobelic spec. Linn. sp. p. 1317,

non Presl. Rapuntium Tourn. Presl, prod. Lob. p. 11, excl. Sect. 1. A.

DC. in DC. Prod. 7, 2, p. 35, f. Endl. gen. n. 3058.

Erect or procumbent herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers Leper 2

_ usually disposed in termina] leafy spikes or racemes, rarely solitary and

blue, white, violaceous or red. Named in honour of Matthew Lobel, author of various

botanical works.

Sect. 1. All the anthers bearded. (Sp. 1-15.)

Cal.-tube acute at base, turbinate or linear-obconic:

Leaves cordate or ovate:

Lys. cordate-orbicular, obtuse and lobed... (1) Preslii.

Lys. ovate, — subserrate ; raceme terminal;

pubescent (2) Zeyheri.

Lys. ovate or " sub-cordate, mucronate, toothed ;

pedicels axillary ; glabrous .. ere tee a

Leaves linear or subulate :

Lvs. linear-subulate, keeled, ciliate at base; ped.

and cal. woolly... (4) spartioides.

Lys. linear, glabr. ; pedicels glabr. ; S “cal. appressed

(5) linearis.

Cal.-tube obtuse at base, ‘ovoid or hemispherical :

Herbaceous:

Leaves linear or setaceous:

Pubescent scabrous. Pedicels sub-solitary,

_ ped. as long as bracts ... ee ... (7) setacea,

St. angular; lvs. setaceous ; raceme

branched at base ; ped. shorter than the

bracts (8) capillifolia,

Stem and branches glabr. “Lys. ciliate ; raceme

loose, secund; ped. and cal. hispid ... ... (9) lasiantha.

Leaves petioled, ovate or obovate :

St. and branches glabrous. Leaves ovate,

acute... -. (14) patula.

St. and branches. hairy. Leaves obovate, “obtuse (t5)

Suffruticose, somewhat woody:

Leaves ovate or sblecn obtuse, entire or bluntly

toothed; plant hairy ... . . (to) hirsuta.

Lys. linear, keeled, entire, rigid; . pedunc. few-fl.,

terminal = oe (EE) i

Lys. linear, with 2-4 plunt teeth, tomentose... (12) tomentosa.

Lys. lanceolate, toothed or ‘Pinnatifid, sepsis or

glabrous... eae" ae . (13) coronopifolia.

Sect. 2, The lower anthers alone bearded or tipped with bristles.

(Sp. 16-26.)

Leaves all radical, ry (obovate); spike racemose ... (26) eyphioides.

Leaves scattered along the stem and branches :

Stem terete or subangular (not compressed or winged) :

Leaves entire or toothed (not lobed) :

Prostrate, erring: with mucus sie

flowers ... ... (20) Boivini.

Lobelia. } CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 539 -

Erect or ascending ; fi. in terminal racemes :

Glabrous. Lower lvs. toothed, petioled,

obovate; upp. lanceolate; cal.-tube as

as long as the ovate, acute lobes (18) Dregeana.

Hairy at base. Lower lvs. obovate,

obtuse, toothed; upp. lanceol. or linear;

cal.-tube shorter than the linear acumi-

nate lobes... (16) Erinus.’

Glabrous. St. 3 -angled; lower Ivs. oblong;

upp. linear, remotely serrulate ; raceme

loose; cal.-tube shorter than lobes... (17) Natalensis.

Glabr. or subpilose. St. 3-angled ;

lin.-lanceol., coarsely and aarsatty

toothed ; raceme dense; cal.-tube as

long as lobes = (19) os

St. angular, pubescent. Lys. ovate, acute, ee

serrate; upp. lanceol. ; cal.-lobes linear, ”

subulate (21) a ee

St. subangular, glabrous. "Ls. obovate-

oblong ; medial lanceol. ; upp. linear ;

cal. tube ovoid, lobes linear, denticled’ (22) linarioides.

Leaves roundish, deeply 5-7 cleft or lobed ... ... (25) muscoides.

Stem winged, or compressed, sharply 2-edged :

Cauline lvs. linear-oblong, decurrent. Cal. lobes

triangular, much shorter than the agg ge (23) anceps.

Cauline lvs. lanceolate, tapering at base. Cal. lobes

linear, as long as the obeonic cal. tube... . (24) fervens.

§ 1. Anthers all bearded at the apex or tipped with sete, (Sp. 1-15.)

1, L. Preslii (A. DC. Prod. p. 358) pubescent; stem ascendent,

angular, branched at the base; leaves longish, petiolate, cordate, subor-

bicular, obtuse and lobed; petiole flat, broader at the apex; peduncle

terminal, elongated, glabrous, few-flowered; flowers racemose, secun-

date; pedicels as long as the setaceous bractea; lobes of calyx linear,

acute, erect, rather longer than the turbinate ro-nerved tube; limb of

corolla hairy outwards. . Rapuntiwm cordatum, Presl.! in E.Mey.

Comment. pl. Dreg. p. 285, non. L. cordata, Willd.

Has. Rocky Mts., Liege ogra geen ‘000 ft. Drege. (Herb. Sd.

Perennial, Sy alin 1-24 inches — : spreading hairs. 5 elip 6-8 =

in diameter with blunt teeth or lobes. ower agey not 1 inch long.

2. L. Zeyheri (Sond.) shortly pubescent; stems erect, terete, simple ;

leaves sessile, ovate, acute, with a few acute serratures; upper ones

much smaller; Taceme terminal, few-flowered; pedicels elongated, often

unilateral, bibracteolate at the base; calyx pubescent ; lobes lear about

equal in length to the tube, nearly twice shorter than the corolla;

capsule turbinate.

ay rocky places, Aapjesriver, Burke & Zey. n. 1046. Oct. (Herb. Hook.,

D., Sd.

A small perennial, stems slender, numerous, 3-5 inches high, leafy in the lower

part, and nearly naked at the apex. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, with

thickened margins, and 2-4 short, acute teeth. Raceme 4~7-flowered. Pedicels

erect, spreading, 6-8 lines long. Flowers very small. Calyx 1-13 line long, hairy

at the corolla. Anthers bearded. “ied erect, crowned by the short erect calycine

lobes.

3. L. alsinoides (Lam.! dict. 3. p. 588); glabrous ; branches diffuse,

540° CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) [ Lobelia.

ascendent or erect, trigonal as well as the stem; leaves subsessile,

ovate or subcordate, the lower rotundate, dentate, teeth mucronulate ;

pedicels slender, 2-3 times longer than the leaves, bibracteolate at the

base; calyx-tube obconical, lobes linear, acuminate, equalling the tube;

corolla glabrous, somewhat longer than the calyx-lobes; anthers all

bearded at the apex; capsule obovoid. JZ. trigona Roxb, fl. ind. 2, p.

111, DC. Prod. lc. p. 359. L. stipularis, Rott. and L. Heyniana, R. &

Sch. Syst. Veg. Rap. Zeilanicum, Presl ! in Herb. Sd. non L. Zeylanica,

Linn. L. trialata Hamilt. in Don. prod. fl. nepal. p. 157. Rap. tri-

alaium, Presl !

Has, Cape of Good Hope, Sonnerat in Herb. Lam. (Herb. Lam.)

Stem creeping at the base, 4-10 inches, weak. Leaves 3-4 lines long, membra-

18, obtuse, or acute, serrulate ; the upper or bractez scarcely smaller. Bracteol

setaceous, minute. Flowers small, blue, Calyx-lobes 14 line long. The specimen

from the herbarium Lamarck, communicated by Prof. Roeper, agrees exactly with

those from East India communicated by Wallich and Drs. Hooker and Thomson.

L. Zeilanica Linn., of which I have seen a specimen in Herb. Thunberg, is the same

as LZ, afinis Wallich! It is similar to Z. alsinoides, but stronger and different by a

dense pubescence.

4 L, spartioides (A. DC. 1.c.p.3 58); stem much-branched, branches

divaricate, terete, glabrous ; leaves sessile, linear-subulate, carinate,

ciliate at the base; flowers terminal, racemose ; pedicels and calyx-tube

woolly; bracteolz subulate ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acuminate, longer

than the tube, but shorter than the villous corolla; capsule subturbinate,

10-costate. Rapuntium spartioides, Presl! in E. & Z.! enum. n. 2462.

E. Mey. Comment. p. 286. 7 ee

Has. Hills in Karroo like ground near the Gauritzriver and in Langekloof, £. &

Z.; @ ne Drege; Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) _

Stem shrubby, 2 ft. and more in height, nearly leafless ; branches rugulose-striated.

Leaves 4~6 lines long, or smaller. Racemes few-flowered. Bractea often equal in

to the pedicels. Calyx-tube in flower 1 line, lobes 2~3 lines long. Corolla

more than } inch long, blue; the lobes ovate-oblong. It varies with glabrate pedicel

and calyx. :

5. L, linearis (Thunb,! Prod. p. 39); stems erect, panicled-branched,

as well as the branches terete, striate, glabrous; leaves narrow-linear,

entire or obsoletely denticulated; pedicels axillary, longer than the

leaves, glabrous ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acuminate, a little longer

than the turbinate, appressed hairy tube; corolla pubescent; capsule

subturbinate, glabrous, ro-costate. FJ. Cap. p. 178. Herb. Thunb. fol.

a, non. Rapunt. tenuifolium, Presl ! E. & Z.! n. 2461. Lob. ericetorum.

A, DC. Prod. p. 784. Rap. genistoides, Presl ! expte.

Has. Paardeberg, Thunb.; Capeflats near Doornhoogte, Z. § Z. Zey. n. 3104;

Genadenthal, Drege. Dec. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

1-1} foot high, more slender than Z. spartioides and leafy. Leaves about 1 inch

long, not } line wide, acute, quite entire or minutely denticulated towards the apex.

Racemes forming a terminal panicle. Pedicels 4-5 lines long. Calyx acute at

the base 10-nerved, 1 line long ; lobes 4-times shorter than the blue cofolla, which

has oval lobes. Capsule broadly ovate-turbinate, longer than the erect calyx-lobes.

6.1L. decipiens (Sond.) pubescent-scabrous; stem simple or some-

what branched, subangulate; leaves sessile, linear, acate, entire or 1-

Lobelia.) — CAMPANULACES (Sond.) 541

--2-dentate, with revolute margins; pedicels few or solitary, terminal,

calyx scabrous, tube hemispherical, shorter than the linear lobes; corolla

pubescent, 4-times longer than the calyx; lobes elliptical or oval,

apiculate; capsule hemispherical. Rapuntium Breynii, Presi! Prod.

Lob. p. 19, excl. synon. :

Has. Katriviersberg, Ceded Territory, E. & Z. Drege; Port Natal, Gueinzius n.

135. J. Sanderson; Magalisberg, Burke § Zey. n. 1072.

Habit of Dobrowsk. scabra; 3 inches to 1 foot high, very slender, few-branched.

Leaves alternate or sub-opposite, 3-4 lines long, 4 line wide, rarely broader and

smaller, and only in the lower part of stem. Calyx-tube 1 line, lobes 14-2 lines

long. Corolla blue, yellow in the throat ; the lobes of the upper lip oval, twice

smaller than those of the lower lip. Capsule as large as a small pea, scabrous,

7. L. setacea (Thunb. ! ‘fl. Cap. p. 178) glabrous; stems diffuse or

erect, terete, striate, branched; leaves sessile, linear-setaceous, quite

entire or obsoletely ciliato-scabrous; pedicels axillary, racemose, about

as long as the leafy bractea, bibracteolate at the base; calyx scabrous,

tube sub-hemispherical, shorter than the linear-acuminate lobes; co-

rolla downy, 3-4 times longer than the calyx; capsuleghemispherical,

ro-costate. Rapuntium setaceum, Presl! Prod. Lob. p. 19. E. & Z.n.

2477. Lob. nematophylla Spreng. in Zey. pl. Cap. IT, n. 252. Sieber !

pl. exs. cap. N. 139. iis

’ Var. 8. parviflora ; flowers smaller; leaves often secundate, -

Has. Capeflats, Thunb. E. § Z. Sieber, W.H.H.; Simonsbay, I. M’Gillivray and

Milne; Zwartland and Hottentott’s, Holland, Ecklon; var. 8. Rivierzonder Hinde,

Zey. N. 3105. Dec. Mart. (Herb. Thunb., Hook, D., Sd.) 4

Many perennial stems, 4-1 foot high, more or less branched, sometimes simple.

Leaves 4-1 inch long, in var. £. filiform, sub-unilateral, } line long. Pedicels 6-8

lines long. Flowers blue, 4 inch, in var. 8. 3 lines long; lobes oval or elliptical.

Anthers hirsute at the apex, hairy on the back. Very near ZL. linearis and only

distinguished by the hemispherical, obtuse calyx-tube.

8. L. capillifolia ae DC. Prod. p. 362); stem diffuse or erect,

angulate, glabrous ; leaves sessile, setaceous, entire ; raceme loose,

branched at the base; pedicels shorter than the linear, capillaceous

bractea, shortly hairy as the calyx and corolla; calyx-tube hemispherical,

twice shorter than the linear-setaceous lobes ; corolla 3-4 times longer

than the calyx; capsule hemispherical, 1o-striate. Rapunt. capillifolium,

Presl!l.c. p. 19. E. Mey. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 288. Rap. genistoides,

Presi! in E. Mey. Comm. p. 285. Lob. genistoides, A. DC. Prod. p. 358.

ex pte. E. Z. n. 2478.

Var. 8, velutina (A. DC. 1. c.) ; branches, leaves and calyx minutely downy.

Has. Mountains near Waterfall and Tulbagh, Mount Zwarteberg, Caledon, £. Z.,

Dr. Pappe, Zeyh. n. 3101, B, and 3102; Hassaquaskloof, Zeyh. n. 3101, a; Stel-

lenbosch, Roodesand, Klein-Drakensteen, and Onderbokkeveld, Drege; var. 8, near

Waterfall and Tulbagh. Nov._Feb. (Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

Perennial, rigid, stronger than Z. setacea, 1-2 feet and more high, branched in

the upper part. Leaves filiform, callous at the apex, 4-6 lines long. Pedicels 2-3

lines long, often shorter, rarely longer, erect. Calyx-lobes 1}-2 lines long. Corolla

blue ; lobes oblong. Anthers hairy, hirsute at the apex. Capsule as large as a pea.

9. L. lasiantha (A. DC. 1. ¢. p.362); stem and branches erect, terete,

glabrous; leaves sessile, linear, narrow, ciliate, callous at the apex ;

542 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) | Lobelia.

racemes loose, few-flowered, secundate ; pedicels hairy, as long as the

linear, leafy bractea, in the middle or near the base with a linear brac-

teola; calyx hemispherical, hispid ; lobes linear-subulate, longer than

the 1o-striated tube ; corolla pubescent, hirsute at the apex, 3 times

longer than the calyx. Rapunt. lasianthum, Presl, E. Mey. Comm. pl.

Dreg. p. 288.

Has. In mountains, Giftberg, 1500-2000 ft., Drege. (Herb. Sd.)

Distinguished from Z. setacea by the hispid calyx-tube and the bracteola ; from

L. spartioides by the hemispherical, not woolly calyx. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 3 line

Stay somewhat larger than in Z. setacea. Anthers bearded at the apex,

not “

10. L. hirsuta (Linn. Spec. p. 1322); stem suffruticulose, woody,

much branched, as well as the branches, hairy; leaves sessile, ovate or

oblong, obtuse at both ends, entire, or with a few obtuse teeth, coria-

ceous, ciliate and subhirsute beneath; peduncles terminal, naked, elon-

gated, glabrous, 1-2-flowered, bibracteated at the apex; flowers droop-

ing; tube of calyx appressed-hairy or hispid, hemispherical, shorter

than the linearlanceolate lobes; corolla 4 times longer than the calyx.

Thunb, Fl. Cap. p. 179. L. longipes, A. DC. 1. ¢. p. 361. Rapunt. pe-

dunculare, Presl ! Prod. Lob. p. 19. E. § Z. 2478, Burm. Afr. p. 105,

t. 40, f. 2 (a bad figure). Zeyh. 3108.

Has. Mountains in the distr. of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, and Albany.

Oct._Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Stems or branches 6-12 in. or more high, purplish, with spreading or adpressed

hairs, rarely glabrous. Leaves with revolute margins, glabrous above, sulcate by

the impressed, middle nerve, 4-6 lines long, in small-leaved specimens 1-1} line, in

broad-leaved 2-3 lines wide. Peduncles fili glabrous or ose, 3-4 inches

long, sometimes in lateral branches scarcely longer than the leaves. Pedicels 1-3

lines long, with 1 or 2 bracteole. Calyx-tube 4 line, lobes 14 line long. Corolla

blue, hairy. Capsule the size of a small pea.

- 11. L. pinifolia (Linn. Spec. Sp. 1318); suffruticose ; branches erect;

leaves approximate, erect, linear, carinate, subtrigonal, acute, quite en-

tire, with subrevolute margins, glabrous or pubescent; peduncles ter-

minal, few, equalling the leaves or somewhat longer, bracteated; tube

of calyx hemispherical, silky as the peduncle by appressed hairs ; lobes

of calyx lanceolate, acuminate, 4 times shorter than the pubescent

corolla. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 178. Breyn. Cent. p. 173, t. 187. Burm.

Afr. p. 111, t, 41, f. 2. Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 273. Sieb. Herb. Cap. n. 83-

Herb. Un. Itin. 481. Rapuntium pinifolium, Presl, Prod. p.19. E. & Z.

2475. Zeyh. 3099.

Haz. Mountains near Capetown, in Caledon, Stellenbosch, etc. Sept.—Jan.

(Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

A rigid shrub, 1-14 ft. Stem nodulose, leafless at the base ; branches closely leafy.

Leaves imbricate, }—-1 inch long, nearly 1 line wide, upper ones smaller. Peduncles

1-2 inches long, ly longer, 1-3-flowered. Calyx-tube short ; lobes 14 lines long.

Corolla blue ; lobes of the lower lip oval or obovate. -

12. L. tomentosa (Linn. suppl. p. 394); stems erect oe ascending,

closely leafy at the base as well as the eaves, tomentose; leaves linet

or linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, and 2-4 obtuse teeth on

Lobelia. | CAMPANULACE& (Sond.) 543

each side 5 peduncles elongated, glabrous, naked, 2-4-flowered ; bractez

linear, ciliated; pedicels bibracteolate; calyx-tube appressed-hairy, 3

times shorter than the lanceolate lobes; corolla subpilose, 6 times longer

than the calycine lobes; lips very unequal, the lower deeply trifid;

lobes oblong; ovary partly free. Zhunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 182. DC. Prod.

p- 363. Rapunt. tomentosum, Presl! Prodr. Lob. p. 19. EF. Mey. comm.

pl. Dreg. p. 288. E. Z. n. 2480. L. Chamepitys, Lam. Dict. 3, p. 590.

A. DC.! Prodr. p. 362. Rap. Chameepitys, Presi! non Spreng. E. & Z.

2482. é

Var. 8, ceratophylla ; leaves pinnatifid-lobed. L. ceratophylla, A. DC. 1. ¢. p.

362. Rapunt. ceratophyllum, Presl! in E. Z. 2484. L. Simsii, Sweet. H. Brit. p.

247. L. pedunculata, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2251. Rapunt. Simsii, Presl, l. c. p. 20,

ex icone.

Var. y, paucidentata; stem, branches, calyx, and corolla pubescent; leaves with

few teeth or lobes. Lob. paucidentata, A. DU. l. c. Rapunt. paucidentatum, Presl/

Prod. p, 20.

Var. 5, multiflora (A. DC. 1. c.); peduncles often 3-4-flowered. Rap. coerulewm,

Presl ! in E, Z. 2481, ex pte.

Has. Stony places, in mountains, in the districts of Uitenhage, George, Caledon,

Albany, and in Caffraria. Var. 8, Hottentottsholld., Zey. 3106, var. 6. Hemel

en Aarde, Zeyh. 3107, var. 6. Var. y, Uitenhage. Var. 5, Grahamstown and Port

Elizabeth. Oct.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Stem shrubby, terete; branches fastigiate. Leaves 6 lines long, toothed near the

apex, rarely towards the base, densely tomentose, greyish. Peduncles filiform,

glabrous or with appressed hairs, 3 inches to 1 foot long. Corolla blue or violaceous,

6-8 lines long.

13. L. coronopifolia (Linn. spec. p. 1322); stem decumbent at the

base, very leafy, hairy; leaves lanceolate, dentately-pinnatifid, hairy ;

teeth opposite, acute; peduncles elongated, naked, glabrous, 1—5-flow-

ered ; bractea linear-acuminate ; pedicels bibracteolate ; calyx tube ovoid-

turbinate, hispid or appressed-hairy, nearly twice shorter than the lan-

ceolate lobes; corolla 5-6 times longer than the calycine lobes; lips

very unequal, lobes of the upper lanceolate, of the lower deeply trifid,

segments obovate, mucronulate ; ovary partly free. Zhunb./ Fl. Cap. p.

134. Sted. Fl. Cap. exs. n, 137. Breyn. Cent. t. 88. Burm. Afr. p. 98,

t. 38, f. 1. DL. Thunbergit Sweet. Hort. Brit. p. 247. Bot. Mag. t. 644.

Reich. Ic. exot. 1, p. 61, t. 89. Rap. coronopifol. Presl! Prod. Lob. p.

20. E.&Z.!n. 2483. Herb. un. itin. n. 38, et. 485. Rap. Simsii, Presi!

E. & Z. n. 2485, non Lob. pedunculata Sims, Zey.! n. 1057, 3197.

Var. . coerulea; peduncle 3-4-flowered, flowers large. Lob. cwrulea, Hook. Bot.

Mag. t. 2701. Rap. ceruleum. Presl, Prod. p. 20. E. § Z. n. 2481, ex pte.

+ Var. y. glabrescens (Presl.); leaves glabrous or nearly so. fry re

Var. 5. macularis ; peduncles 2~-5-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with few’, .....

very short teeth. L. macularis, A. DC. l. ¢. p. 364. Rap. maculare, Presl! Prod.¢ |...

Lob. p. 20. E. Mey. Comm. pl. Afr. Austr. p. 288.

Has. In flats and mountains throughout the colony; var. 8, near Port Natal,

Drege, R. W. Plant, n. 34. Gueinzius, n. 466. J. Sanderson, Dr. Sutherland, Gerr.

§ M‘K. n. 686. Sept._Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Sub-shrub, very like the preceding, but not tomentose, and the leaves usually lroader

and serrato-pinnatifid, spreading, hairy or glabrous, flat or concave above. Peduncles

1-5-flowered. Flowers large, sometimes 1 inch long, blue. Valves of capsule as

long or longer than the base.f Aun sh

O44 ‘ CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [ Lobelua.

14. L. patula (Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 395); stem and branches ascending

or prostrate, elongate, glabrous; leaves petiolate, coarsely toothed or

lobate-dentate, hairy, lobes obtuse, mucronulate ; lower leaves on longish

petioles, ovate, subcordate, acute ; upper ones lanceolate ; flowers ter-

minal, loosely racemose ; pedicels capillary, much longer than the

linear bractea ; calyx appressed-hairy, tube ovoid or subhemispherical,

nearly as long as the subulate lobes; corolla 4—5 times longer than the

calycine lobes. Thunb.! Prod. p. 40. Fl. Cap. p. 181.

Var. 8. pteropoda ; petioles winged ; stem subangular. LZ. pteropoda, A. DC./

l. c. p. 364. Rap. pteropodum, Presl/ Prod. p. 21.

Has. Mountains, Langekloof, Thunb. Draakensberg, Orange Free State, 7’. Cooper,

1067. Var. 8. near Port Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 420, Dr, Sutherland. November.

(Herb. Thunb., D.)

Perennial 1 foot or more high. Branches filiform. Leaves }—1 inch long and

wide, in var f. usually larger and subglabrous. Petiole as long or longer than the

leaf, ciliolate. Raceme 2-6-flowered. Calyx-tube 1 line long. Corolla blue or

whitish. Capsule hemispherical, half superior.

15. L, chameedrifolia (A. DC.! 1. c. p. 364); stem ascending, sub-

angular, branched, hairy; leaves obovate, obtuse, tapering into a petiole,

coarsely toothed; teeth obtuse, mucronulate, with revolute margins;

upper leaves oblong-lanceolate ; flowers terminal, loosely racemose ;

pedicels much longer than the linear-bractew, pubescent as the sub-

hemispherical tube of calyx; corolla 3-times longer than the subulate

calycine lobes; capsule half superior. Rap. chamaedryfolium, Presl!

Prod. p. 21. E. Mey. comm. pl. Dreg. p.290, |

Has. Rocky places near Omsameaba, 1500-2000 ft. Drege. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Habit of ZL. patula, but different by the obovate, cuneate leaves, and smaller

flowers. Larger leaves 1 inch long, 4-5 lines wide, with 2-4 equal teeth on each

side, come as or hairy on the nerve beneath. Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Corolla

blue, lobes of the lower lip oblong, glabrous. Capsule hemispherical.

§ 2. The 2 lower anthers only bearded at the apex or terminated by

sete. (Sp. 16-26.)

16. L. Erinus (Linn. spec. p. 1321); stem herbaceous, erect or as-

_ cending, as well as the filiform branches, angular or subterete, hairy at

~ the base; leaves alternate, lower ones petiolate, obovate, obtuse, den-

tate or serrato-dentate ; the middle lanceolate, serrate or denticulate,

upper ones linear, often entire; flowers racemose; pedicels axillary and

, terminal, longer than the leaf or bractea; calyx-tube obconical, shorter

' than the linear, acuminate, toothed or entire lobes; corolla 3 times

longer than the calyx; anthers hairy on the back ; the two lower bearded.

Var. a, Erinus; glabrous or hairy at the base ; stem ascending ; leaves gla-

brous or subpilose ; lower ones petiolate, obovate, subdentate ; upper ones lanceolate,

sessile; corolla 2-3 times longer than the linear calyx-lobes. JL. Erinus, L. Thunb.!

Prod. p. 40, herbar. 8. Sims’ Bot. Mag. t. 901. Rap. Erinus, Moench. Pres! Prod.

p- 17. Lob. bicolor, Sims’ Bot. Mag. t.514. Rap. bicolor, Presl! p.17. Sieb. ext. 138.

Rap. bellidifolium, var. a, Presi! R. flaccidum, Presl! Prod. p. 13; E.§ Z.! 2466,

2473. Lob. flaccida, Erinus et bicolor, A. DC. Prod. L. Breynii, Spreng. ! in Zeyh.

Fl.Cap. I: 21, non Lam. L. linearis, var. B, Herb. Thunb, Zeyh. 3110, 1052. Herb.

On. Itin. 30, 486, 487.

Van. B, bellidifolia; stem and leaves subhirsute by spreading bairs ; branches

glabrous ; leaves dentate, lower ones obovate or elliptical, middle and upper ones

Lobelia.| CAMPANULACE# (Sond.) , 545

lanceolate, serrate or entire ; corolla 3 times longer than the linear calyx lobes. LZ.

bellidifolia, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 180. Rap. bellidifol. var. B, hirsutum, Presl, l. c. p.

15. 2. scabripes, Presi! l.¢.p.17. Lob. algoensis, A. DC. l.c. p. 369. L. Krebsiana,

A, DC. tl. ¢. p. 385. E. & Z. 2465, 2472. Krebs. 137.

Var. y, microdon ; stems erect, pubescent at the base; radical leaves aggregated,

obovate-oblong, shortly petiolate, denticulate or callously serrated. LZ. microdon,

A. DC, 1. ¢. p. 369. Rap. microdon, Presl.! in E. Mey. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 287. R.

bellidifol. var. B, brevidens, Presl! in E. § Z. 2465.

Has, Stony places in flats and on mountains. Var. a. and . in the distr. of Cape,

Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, Albany, and Caffraria. Var. y, Paarlberg, Drege.

Puspasvalley, Swellendam, EZ. § 7. Zwarteberg, Caledon, Zey. 3113. Aapjes River,

Burke & Zeyher, Port Natal, Miss Owen. July-Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., Reg.

Berol., D., Sd.)

Annual herb. Small specimens 3-4 inches high, sim: le; larger ones 1-2 feet,

with filiform branches. Lower leaves $-14 inch long, 3-6 lines wide, often smaller

and roundish, toothed or subserrated. Petioles short. Upper leaves sessile. Flowers

racemose or subpanicled. Bractez linear. Pedicels 4-8 lines long, pubescent or

glabrous, compressed, Calyx-lobes 13-2} lines long, entire or with 1 or 2 acute

teeth. Corolla blue or violet, glabrous. Lobes of the upper lip linear; the 3 seg-

ments of the lower lip oval or obovate, with 2 white lines or spots near the base.

Capsule 2-4 lines long. Var. y. is about a span high, with radical leaves 6-8 lines

long, 2-3 lines wide, minutely toothed ; the stem-leaves are lanceolate, 1 1. wide,

serrulate ; the flowers are not different. Our var. a. is often cultivated in gardens

as L. heterophylla, :

17. L. Natalensis (A. DC.! Prod. p. 369); annual, quite glabrous ;

stem erect, branched, subtriquetrous, flexuous ; leaves sessile, linear,

obtuse, remotely and callously serrulate ; lower ones oblong or oblong-

lanceolate, narrowed at the base; flowers loosely racemose; pedicels

filiform, 2~3 times longer than the linear, denticulate or entire bractea ;

ealyx-tube turbinate, shorter than the linear lobes; corolla 2-3 times

longer than the calyx; anthers hairy on the back, the 2 lower bearded.

Rapuntium flecuosum, Presi! Prod. p. 16, non p. 23. H. Mey. comm.

pl. Dreg. p. 287.

Var, 8. subulifolia ; leaves linear-subulate.

Has. Port Natal, Drege, J. Sanderson, Dr. Grant, Dr. Sutherland. Delagoa-bay,

Capt. Speke. Var. B. Port Natal, T. Cooper, 1126. Sept. (Herb. Hook, D., Sd.)

Possibly this is also a variety of Z. Erinus, but I have not seen any intermediate

form. If is 1 foot and more high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, the

lower and upper ones smaller. Raceme 4-10-flowered. Lobes of calyx 1-2 lines

long, narrow. Corolla blue, upper lip linear, narrow, often hairy, about 1 line long,

lobes of lower lip oval or obovate. .Capsule 3-4 lines long. Var. 8, is distinct by

very narrow leaves (1 inch long, 3 line wide), and a 3-4-flowered raceme.

18. L. Dregeana (A. DC. Prod. p. 371); quite glabrous; stems pro-

strate or ascending, weak, angular; leaves dentate, lower ones sub-

orbicular or obovate, obtuse, petiolate; upper ones subsessile, narrowed

at the base, oblong, acute or sublanceolate ; fiowers loosely racemose ;

pedicels filiform, 2-3 times longer than the lanceolate-cuneate 2~4-

toothed bractea; calyx-tube shortly obconical, about as long as the

ovate, acute lobes; corolla 2-3 times longer than the calycine lobes ;

anthers hairy on the back, the 2 lower bearded. :

Has. Little Namaqualand, Nieuweveld, between Rhinosterkop and Ganzefontein,

Sternbergspruit, 3—5000 ft., Drege. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A small annual, 4 inches high. Radical leaves suborbicular, 2-3 lines long and

VoL. I. : 35

546 | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) | Lobelia.

wide, equal in length to the petiole; stem leaves 4-10 lines long, 2-3 lines wide,

with 6-8 short teeth above the middle, obtuse, sessile or narrowed into a petiole ;

upper leaves and bractea 4 lines long, 1 line wide. Calyx at flowering time 1 line

long ; lobes acute. Corolla blue ; lobes of the lower lip oblong. Capsule obconical.

19. L. triquetra (Linn. Mant. p. 120); glabrous or subpilose at the

base; stem erect, as well as the branches smooth, obsoletely trigonous, -

very leafy, but naked above; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, coarsely

and unequally dentate ; raceme coarctate, terminal ; pedicels twice

longer than the lanceolate bractea; tube of calyx obconical, as long as

the linear lobes; corolla 3 times longer than the calycine lobes, gla-

brous ; capsule ovoid, elongate. Lhunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 184. L. capitata,

Burm. Prod. 25. L. heteromalla, Schrad.! Hort. Goett. Herb. Un. tin.

482, 483. Rapunt. heteromallum et triquetrum, Presl! 1. ¢. p. 15, 16.

E. Z, 2467, 2468.

Var. 6. comosa (A. DC.! Prod. p. 370); leaves linear; spike oblong, leafy ;

bractez about as long as the flowers. ZL. comosa, L. spec. p. 1323.

Var. y. secundata ; leaves remotely dentate, glabrous or ciliolate ; raceme elon-

gate, subunilateral. ZL. acutangulum, Presl, prod. p.16. Lob. lavandulacea, K lotesch!

an Peters Mozamb.

Has. Cape flats and mountains near Capetown, Muysenberg, Piquetberg, Hex-

“river, Klynriviersberg and Babylonsehetoornberg, Zeyh. 3100. Var. . in the Cape

flats, Zeyh. 1053. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Annual, 1-2 feet high, erect or decumbent at the base, simple or few-branched

above. Leaves alternate, sessile, toothed, sometimes subpinnatif.-dentate ; teeth

acute, 1 inch or more long, 1-2 lines wide. Flowers forming a coarctate, fastigiate

raceme. Var. y, elongate, 4-9 inches long. Corolla small, blue. Anthers hirsute

on the back, the 2 lower bearded. Capsule 4 lines long, 10-ribbed.

20. L. Boivini (Sond.) ; stems prostrate, elongate, sometimes root-

ing, hairy ; branches filiform ; leaves shortly petiolate, oval, elliptical

or suborbicular, bluntish, denticulate, hairy and ciliate or subglabrous;

peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, 3-4 times longer than the leaf; calyx-

tube obconical; lobes lanceolate or ovate, acute, longer than the tube,

one-half shorter or nearly as long as the corolla. “

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Boivin, 624. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A very distinct species, by the creeping stems, the habit of Veronica agrestis, and

the variable size of calyx-lobes. Root annual. Stems 1 ft. and more long; branches

shorter. ‘Leaves 3-5 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, obtuse, crenate ; upper sometimes

oblong. Peduncles 1 inch and more long, hairy or glabrous. Calyx-lobes lanceo-

late-subulate, 14 line long, and ovate, 2-3 lines long, 1 line wide in the same branch.

Corolla blue ; tube pale or whitish. Anthers hairy, the 2 lower bearded.

21. L. pubescens (Ait. H. Kew, ed.1,v.3, p. 498); stem and branches

angular, pubescent or subhirsute, or the branches glabrous above ; leaves

petiolate, ovate, acute or subcordate, dentato-serrate ; upper ones sessile,

ovato-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrate or entire; flowers racemose ;

pedicels 2-3 times longer than leaf; tube of calyx ovoil, obconical, as

long or shorter than the linear-subulate lobes; corolla 3 times longer

than the calycine lobes.

_ Var. a, Thunbergiana ; hirsute or villous ; lower leaves larger, subcordate, round

ish, on shins petioles ; flowers was ties L. pubescens, Thunb. ! Fl, Cap. p. 181.

L. cuneifolia, Link. § Otto! Abbild. h. Berol.t. 39. DC. Prod. p.37°. Rapuntium

ovatum, Prest! Prod. p.16. E. § Z. 2469.

Lobelia.| CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 547

Var. 8, Jacquiniana ; minutely pubescent ; lower leaves ovate or obovate, crenate

or dentate, upper ones serrate ; flowers white, with reddish or blueish tube. Jacq.

Hort. Schoenb. 2, t.178. DC. l. ¢. Rap. pubescens, Presl! l.c.p.17. E. § Z. 2473.

Var. ¥, incisa ; pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate, duplicate-dentate ; teeth acute

or acuminate. Rap. incisum, Presl/ in E. § Z. 2470.

Has. Stony places and among shrubs. Var. a, near Capetown, Thunb. Lange-

kloof, George, #. § Z. Simonsbay, J. McGillivray § Milne, Buffeljagtriver, Bowie.

Var. 8, near Genadenthal and Winterhoek, Drege! Rivier Zondereinde, FE. & Z.

Zwartland, Brehm. Zwarteberg, Caledon, Dr. Pappe. Breederivier and near Riet-

kuil, Zeyh. 3111. Var. y, Puspasvalley, Swellendam, 2. Z. Oct.-Feb. (Herb.

Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Annual (not perennial, as indicated by authors), very similar to the largest forms

of L. bellidifolia, and only distinguished by the pubescence, commonly larger,

roundish leaves, and white flowers. Stem 1 foot or more high, fiexuous ; branches

ascending, filiform. Leaves 4-1 inch long, the lower 6-10 lines wide, on broad

petioles 4-8 lines long, petioled ; middle leaves usually somewhat narrower and

shorter, petiolate ; upper ones lanceolate or linear, toothed or entire. Pedicels

drooping or spreading, 1-1} inch long, minutely pubescent, or villous as the calyx.

Corolla with a narrow tube ; lobes of the lower lip oblong. Capsule 4 lines long.

22. L. linarioides (A. DC. Prodr. p. 371); annual, glabrous; stem

erect, much-branched, angular as the branches ; leaves remotely serru-

lated, the lowest obovate-oblong, petiolate, middle ones lanceolate,

subsessile ; bracteze linear, subentire ; raceme loose ; pedicels filiform,

2-3 times longer than the bractez ; calyx-tube ovoid-obconical, twice

shorter than the linear-acute, denticulate lobes; corolla 2-3 times

longer than the calyx; capsule obovoid. Rap. linarioides, Presl !

Prod. p. 22. Comm. pl. Drege, p. 290.

Has. Grassy hills between Key and Gekau, and near Omtata, Drege. George,

Dr. Pappe. Jan.-Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.)

4-5 inches high, lateral branches often ascending. Leaves 4-8 lines long, the

lower 2 lines, the middle 1 line wide, acute, Pedicels } inch long, erect. Flowers

small, blue. Capsule 1-2 lines long.

23. L. anceps (Thunb. Prod. p. 40); glabrous ; stem erect, or as-

cending, branched, winged-trigonal ; radical and lower leaves obovate,

crenated, petiolate ; cauline leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, denticu-

late, decurrent ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaf; calyx-tube

cylindrical, much longer than the triangular lobes; corolla 2 or 3 times

longer than the calycine lobes; capsule cylindraceous. Thunb. Fl. Cap,

p. 180. DC. l. c. p.375- Rap. anceps, Presi! Prod. p. 14. HE. Z. 2463.

Dobrowskya anceps, Presl! l. c. p. 10. Lob, decumbens, Sims, Bot. Mag.

t.2277. L. rhizophyta, Spreng.! nov. Prov. Hort. Hal. 1818. Sims, Bot.

Mag. t. 2519. L. alata, Lab. ! nov, Holl. 1, p. 51,t.72. Rap. alatum,

Presl, l. c. p. 14. Steb. pl. ext. nov. Holl. n. 559. Zeyh. 1050, a.

Var. 8, minor ; stems numerous, prostrate, often rooting; branches short; leaves

subpetiolate, obovate, obtuse, pubescent or glabrous, upper ones cuneate or lanceo-

late; raceme few-flowered. JL. repens, Thunb.! Prod.p. 49. Fl. Cap. p. 181.

Has. Wet places and in rivulets throughout the colony; near Port Natal, Drege,

J. Sanderson. (New Holland., New Zealand, Chili.) Var. 8. in the Cape downs,

E. & Z., Drege, 957. Zeyh. 1050, b. Dec.Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

A very variable perennial, erect or prostrate, easily recognised by the winged

stem and branches, and the cylindraceous capsule. Leaves subfleshy, 1-2 inches

long, the upper much smaller. Flowers blue, small, Calyx glabrous or pubescent.

Capsule 4-6 lines long.

38°

, €

a CAMPANULACE (Sond.) | Lobelia.

24, L. fervens (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 183); glabrous; stem erect or

ascending, angular, rather branched ; branches compressed, narrowly

winged; leaves serrulated ; lower ones obovate or ovate-oblong, shortly

petiolate ; upper ones ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, attenuate at the

base, sessile ; pedicels axillary, racemose, shorter or about as long as the

linear bractez ; calyx-tube ovoid-obconical, equalling the linear lobes ;

corolla 3 times longer than the calycine lobes; capsule obovoid, acute

at the base. Rap. fervens, Presl, Prod. p.30. Lobelia Petersiana, hu-

milis, pterocaulon, et subalata, Klotzsch! in Peters. Mozamb.

Van. 6, asperulata ; branches and leaves with scattered hairs; pedicels and calyx

hispid. Lobelia asperulata, Klotzch ! tl. c.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Thunb. (Mozambique, and var. 8. Zanzibar, Dr. Peters.)

(Herb. Thunb., reg. Berol.)

Root annual. Stem 4-1 foot and more high. Branches filiform. Leaves alter-

nate, 1 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, the lower ones smaller, but evidently petiolate.

_Bractez linear-lanceolate, the uppermost linear, minutely toothed or entire. Pedicels

3-6 lines long. Flowers blue. Calyx-lobes 1 line, corolla 4 lines long. Capsule

3-4 times shorter than the calyx-lobes. It has some resemblance to L. anceps.

25. L.? muscoides (Chamiss! in Linnea, v. 8, p. 215); herb small,

slender, trailing, quite glabrous; stems filiform, rooting at the nodes ;

leaves roundish, deeply’ 5-7-cleft, truncate or cuneated at the base ;

lobes elliptic or obovate, acute, mucronulate ; petioles as long or shorter

than the leaves; pedicels axillary, ebracteate, erect, much longer than

the leaves; calyx-tube shortly obconical; lobes ovate, acuminate. DC.

Prod. p. 378. Rap. muscoides, Presl! Prod. p. 22, excl. syn. L, minuta.

Has. Highest mts. of Zwellendam, Mundt, Zey. April. (Herb. reg. Berol., Sd.)

Herb densely tufted, pale green ; branches 2-4 inches long. Leaves 2-4 lines

long or smaller. Calyx scarcely 1 line long. Corolla purplish, 2 lineslong. [

have only seen a few and not very perfect flowers, in one of which I observed a

3-parted corolla, with 2 distinct petals, representing the upper lip ; the lower lip is

3-fid. It may be the type of a new genus or a Dobrowskya.

26. L, cyphioides (Harv.! in Thes. Cap. t. 162) ; stem scape-form,

striated, glabrous; leaves radical, obovate, narrowed at the base or on

very short petioles, obtuse, appressed-hairy, paler beneath ; flowers

forming an elongate, secundate raceme; pedicels very short, equalling

the linear bractes ; calyx-tube obconical, shorter than the linear lobes;

corolla one-half longer than the calycine lobes.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Lahaie. (Herb. D.)

Annual, exactly resembling Cyphia Phyteuma, with the inflorescence of Z. spicata.

Leaves 13-2 inches long, 1-14 inch wide, entire or obscurely crenulated. Scape

with one small leaf near the base, 1 foot high, the spiked raceme 4 inches long.

Flower 3 lines long. Lobes of the upper lip erect, linear-acuminated ; lobes of the

lower lip ovate, acute.

(Doubtful species. )

_L. Breynii (Lam. Dict. 3. p. 588); glabrous; stems procumbent,

simple; leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrate, acute, thickish, usually uni-

lateral; flowers axillary, racemose; pedicels short, topped by the

ovate-lanceolate bractese; tube of calyx hemispherical, shorter than

the linear lobes; corolla (blue) 4 times longer than the calycine lobes,

Dobrowskya. | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 549

longitudinally split ; segments linear-lanceolate; anthers . . . A.

DC. 1. ¢. p. 361. Rapuntium ethiopicum ceeruleo galeato flore foliolis

dentatis, Breyn. Cent. p. 175, t. 89. Rapuntium Breynit, Presl, Prod.

_ Lob. p. 19, but not comm. pl. Afr Austr. Dreg. p. 288.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. ) ’

VII. DOBROWSKYA, Presl.

Calyxz-tube turbinate or hemispherical. Corolla split the whole

length on back, 3-partite, the 2 upper petals distinct, unguiculate, erect;

the 3 lower connate to a 3-fid lip. ilaments and anthers connate; all

the anthers bearded at apex. Stigmas 2, linear, revolute. Prod. Lob.

p- 8, Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 283, Endl. gen. n. 3056. Lobelice spec. Thunb.

Parastranthi spec. G'. Don.

Annual or perennial herbs. Lys. alternate, opposite, or 3-5-verticillate. Flowers

axillary on elongate pedicels, blue. Named in honour of James Dobrowsky, pro-

fessor of philosophy at Prague.

Leaves all linear, with revolute, entire margins; perennial ... (1) scabra.

Leaves all lanceolate, remotely serrulated; annual ... ... ... (4) stellarioides.

Lower lvs. ovate or roundish, 1-2-dentate on each side; upper

ones lanceolate or linear; calyx-lobes longer than the tube,

2-3 times shorter than the corolla -... 0.0 60. 25 see wey

Lower lvs. obovate-oblong or ovate-lancelate, 1-2-dentate, upper

lanceolate ; calyx-lobes equalling the tube, and nearly as long

Ma Ge er a a a ) See

Lower lvs. oblong-linear, obtuse, 1-2-dentate on each side, upper

serrate ; calyx-lobes shorter than the longish, obconical tube (5) serratifolia.

(2) tenella.

1. D. scabra (A. DC. Prod. 7, 2, p. 355); stem erect, scabrous,

branched above, very leafy ; leaves sessile, subopposite or ternate,

linear, subpilose, scabrous with revolute margins, spreading ; pedicels

axillary, 3-4 times longer than the leaf, appressed, hispid as well as

the calyx-tube; lobes of calyx linear, acute, longer than the tube,

2~3 times shorter than the corolla. Deless. Icon.v. 5,t.9. Lobelia sca-

bra, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p.178. D. Thunbergiana, Presl, l.c.p. 9. Comm.

pl. Dreg. p. 283. D./ polyphylla, Presi! 1. ¢.

Var. 8, Dregeana ; lower leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sometimes with

1 tooth on each side. D. Dregeana, Presl! l.c. E. § 2. 2446.

Var. 7, glabrata ; stem and branches glabrous, or with a few appressed hairs ;

leaves ciliate-scabrous ; the lower ones rarely 1~2-dentate. D. Zeyheriana, Presi /

l.c.p. 10. Cyphia simplex, Spreng. in Zey. pl. Cap. ext. p. 18. E. § Z. 2447. D.

levicaulis, Presl! 1. c. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 284.

Has. Grassy places in mountains. Var. a. and 8, near Grahamstown, £. ¢ Z.,

Genl. Bolton. Howison’s Poort, H. Hutton. Georgetown, Pappe. Zuaurebergen

and near Gekau, Drege. Var. y, Zwartkopsriver, EF. § Z., Drege, Zey. 3116. Port

Natal, Drege. Oct.Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Perennial, 4-1 ft., scabrous-hairy, simple or a few-branched. Leaves longer than

the intervals, mucronulate or acute, 4-6 lines long, rarely 1 line wide, the lower

smaller, often broader, the uppermost sometimes 1 in. long, not 11. wide. Peduncles

1-3 inches long. Calyx-tube obconical or obovoid ; lobes reflexed, at flowering time

2 lines long. Segments of corolla ovate, acute. Capsule obovoid or hemispherical,

rarely obconical, attenuate at the base, 10-nerved.

2. D. tenella (Sond.); stems diffuse, angular, scabrous, branched ;

550 : CAMPANULACES (Sond.) | Dobrowskya.

leaves subsessile, alternate, opposite or ternate, with cartilaginous mar-

gins, scabrous ; lower ones ovate or roundish, r-2-toothed on each side;

the upper lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, bidentate or entire ; pedicels

subterminal, much longer than the leaf; calyx-tube scabrous or hairy;

lobes linear, reflexed, longer than the tube, 2-3 times shorter than the

corolla. Lobelia tenella, Thunb.! Prod. p. 40. Linn. Mant. p. 120. L.

unidentata, H. Kew. ed. 2, v. 1,p. 356. Bot. Mag. t. 1484. L. scapigera,

Willd. Parastr. unidentata, G. Don. Dob. Massoniana, Presi! Prod.

Lob. p. 9. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 283. E. § Z.2445. D. unidentata, A.DC.

l.c. p. 355. D. stricta, Presl! FE. & Z. 2448.

Has. Hills near Musselbay, 7h. Grootvadersbosch, E. ¢ Z., Zey., 3109. Knysna,

George, Pappe; and in Langekloof, Ecklon. Glenfilling, Drege. Oct.-Nov. (Herb.

Thunb., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.) :

Perennial, very variable in habit and size, 3-4 inches or 2 feet long. Lower

leaves 2-4 lines long and 2-3 lines wide ; the middle 4-6 lines long, 13-2 1. wide ;

the uppermost sublinear, acute or mucronulate, the margins revolute. Peduncles

at the base with 2 linear bractex, minutely downy as the calyx and corolla. Cap-

sule as in D. scabra, from which it is distinguished by the more distant, broader,

and toothed leaves, and prostrate stem with elongate branches. It varies also with

smooth stems.

3. D. aspera (A. DC.! 1. c. p. 356); annual, scabrous by retrorse, rigid

hairs; stem erect, angular, branched; leaves alternate and opposite,

scabrous on margins, and prominent middle nerve; the lower obovate-

oblong or ovate-lanceolate, mucronulate or acute, very shortly petiolate ;

with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, the middle and upper lanceolate or

linear, often entire; pedicels spreading, 3-4 times longer than the leaf,

forming a loose raceme ; flowers minutely pubescent; may lobes linear,

equalling the tube, and nearly as long as the corolla. . aspera, Spr.

neue Entd. 3, p.222. L. Chamepitys, Spreng. in Zey. pl. Cap. 280. Lob.

Herb. Un. Itin. 16. Wahlenbergia chondrophylla, Buck! E. & Z. 2388.

Dob. Eckloniana, Presi! Prod. Lob. p. 9. Comm. pl. Dreg, p. 283. E. Z.

2449.

Has. Wet sandy places and on rivulets, Cape flats and on Deyilsmountain, F. § 2°

W.H. H. Zuurebergen and Quaggasvlakte, Bontjesriver, Drege. Howison’s Ports

H. Hutton. Oct-Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) ‘

Commonly much branched from the base; branches erect or ascending, the lower

often opposite. Leaves with revolute margins, 4-6, rarely 8 lines long, 1-2 lines

wide, with a few serratures. Primary branches terminated by a 6-8-flowered, very

loose raceme ; peduncles 1—2 inches long. Corolla blue, small. Capsule obovoid

or obconical, 2-3 lines long, twice longer than the rigid, erect, calycine lobes. By

the annual root, weak, more-branched stem, racemose, spreading peduncles, and

smaller flowers, it differs sufficiently from D. tenella.

4. D. stellarioides (Presl.! Prod. Lob. p. 10); annual ; stem erect,

angular, as well as the margins and middle nerve of the leaves, scabrous

by retrorse bristles, simple or few-branched; branches weak, opposite ;

leaves very shortly petiolate, opposite, lanceolate, remotely serrulated ;

pedicels axillary, as long or longer than the leaf, erect, scabrous ; calyx-

lobes linear, spreading or reflexed, longer than the tube, and one-ha

or nearly twice shorter than the minutely pubescent corolla. E. & 7.

2450, DC./ 1. c. p. 356.

‘Has. Mountains in Caffraria, J. Wahlberg. Winterberg, near Katriver, E. & 2.

Enchysia.| CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) 551

Zululand, Port Natal, 7. Cooper, 1137, J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M’K.

(Herb. Hook., D., Sd.) oe: a

2-3 feet long, habit of Galiwm. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2 lines wide, with 3-6

minute serratures on each side, mucronulate. Peduncles 1-2 inches long, with leaf-

like, 6-8 lines long bractez. _ Flowers blue, nodding, nearly 4 inch long. Calyx

scabrous-hairy. Capsule 24 lines long, obovoid or obconical. . _

5. D. serratifolia (A. DC. 1. c. p. 356); annual; stem erect, as well

asthe branches angular, smooth, glabrous; leaves glabrous, the lower

oblong-linear, obtuse, tapering in a short petiole, with 1-2 teeth on

each side; the middle and upper linear, sessile, acute, serrate, serratures

3-5, subulate, on each side ; pedicels axillary, glabrous, somewhat longer

than the leaf; calyx-tube elongate-obconical, glabrous, longer than the

erect, linear, scabrously-margined lobes. Burch. Catal. Pl. Afr. Austr.

extratrop. 799.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Burchell.

4 inches high. Root fibrous. Leaves erect, the middle longer, 4-8 lines long,

scarcely 4 line wide. Pedicels erect, naked, in fruit 4 longer than the leaf. Corolla

unknown. Capsule erect, longish, obconical, glabrous, 2 lines long.

VIII. ENCHYSIA, Presl.

Calyx 5-fid, tube ovoid. Corolla infundibuliform, subregular, tube

entire, lobes sub-equal, suberect. The 2 lower anthers aristate by 4

sete. Prod. Mon. Lob. p. 40. A. DC. l.c. p. 408. Lobelia spec. Linn.

et Thunb. Monopsis sp. Salish. Laurentia sect. Enchysia, Endl. gen. n.

3060, b,

Small annual herbs with racemose, white or pale purplish flowers. Name from

evxvois, funnel ; the corolla is funnel-shaped.

1. E. secunda gbood.) stems decumbent or ascending, minutely

- pubescent; radical leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong-spathulate,

obtuse, denticulate, lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, upper linear,

sessile, entire; pedicels axi , 2-3 times shorter than the leaf, min-

utely pubescent as the calyx; lobes of calyx as long as the ovoid tube;

corolla tubulose-infundibuliform, 5-fid, lobes acute, subequal. Lobelia

secunda Linn. fil.! Suppl. p. 395. Thunb.! prod. p. 40. fl. Cap. p. 183.

L. depressa, var, y. Herb. Thunb.! Lob. pubescens, Willd. enum. non

Ait. E. repens, Presl, t. c. excl.syn. A. DC. t. c. £. erinoides, Presi, excl.

syn. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.3609. H.&Z. 2487, 2488. Herb. Un. Itin. p.77.

Var. 8. glabrata; glabrous or minutely pubescent above; stems erect or decum-

bent. £. erecta, A. DC./ 1. c. p. 409. Deless. Icon. v. §. t. 13.

Var. y. dentata ; glabrous, pedicels and calyx pubescent ; leaves dentate or ser-

rate, the upper entire or denticulate. 2. dentata, A. DC. 1. ¢.

Var. 5. reflexa ; quite glabrous, or pedicels and calyx pubescent ; pedicels reflexed.

E. repens var. se Roum? ind. Pag 7 Lips. 7846. : snes

Has. Sandy wet places and by rivulets near Capetown, in the flats, on Devil’s and

Tablemountains, Hottholld., Kuilsriver, Bergriver and Dutoitskloof. Jan.—April,

(Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Root fasciculate, fibrous. Stems numerous, 2 inches to a span long, filiform,

Radical leaves aggregated, about 1 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, subentire or denticulate;

petiole short or as long as the leaf, cauline-leaf 5-6 lines long, gradually smaller,

entire or toothed, the upper 2-3 lines long, linear, rarely spathulate. Raceme long,

552 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [Laurentia.

secundate. Pedicels commonly 2~3 times, rarely 4-5 times shorter than the leaf;

in large, loose-flowered specimens ( F. erinoides, var. B. laxa, Presl ) the pedicel equals

the leaf. Calyx tube 1 line long. Corolla white, 2 lines long to $, 5-fid, pubescent

or glabrous. Capsule 1} line long,

IX. LAURENTIA, Mich.

Calyx 5-fid or 5-dentate. Cor.-tube entire, cylindraceous, straight ;

limb bilabiate, the 2 upper lobes smaller, usually erect, the lower lip

larger, 3-lobed, reflexed, laments free at the base, the middle connate,

anthers included, glabrous, the 2 lower somewhat hairy, or terminated

by setae. Capsule obovoid, inferior. Seeds minute, Nov. Gen. p. 18.

—t, 14. 4. DC. Prod. p. 410. Lobelice spec. Linn. Solenopsis, Presl, prod.

mon. Lob. p.32. Enchysice spec. Presl, Isotome, sp. G. Don. and Benth.

Laurentice, sect. Solenopsis Endl. gen. 1, p. 512. ~

Small glabrous herbs, with small blue or whitish flowers on terminal and axillary

pedicels. —Named after M. A. Laurenti, Botanist at Bologna.

Glabrous. Stem 1 foot, erect. Radical leaves aggregated, oblong,

entire or sinuate-denticulate ; raceme elongate, many-flowered (1) arabidea,

Minutely pubescent at base. Stem 1-3 inches, erect. Radical

leaves subaggregated, obovate, unequally and coarsely toothed ;

pedicels 2-4, subracemoee =. 20s Hoe i es as

Pubescent or glabrous, branches decumbent. Leaves roundish,

acutely 5-9-toothed _ ... = sae (3) pygmea,

(5) hederacea,-

_ (2) bifida.

1, L. arabidea (A. DC.! 1. c.); annual, glabrous; stem mostly soli-

tary, erect, terete, slender; radical leaves aggregated, oblong, acute or

obtuse, sinuato-denticulate or entire, shortly petiolate or sessile, tapering

at the base ; cauline and floral leaves rare, linear, denticulate; raceme

elongate; pedicels one-half or twice longer than the bractea; calyx-tube -

ovoid, narrowed at the base, terete, equalling the linear-acuminate lobes; ~

corolla narrow, cylindraceous, 3 times longer than the calycine lobes;

segments linear, the 2 upper narrower, the 2 lower of the subglabrous

anthers terminated by a seta. Deless. Icon. v. 5, t. 14. Rap. arabideum,

Presl! Prod. p. 18. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 288. E. & Z. 2474. Herb.Un.

tin. 488, ex pte.

Has. Wet places near Waterfall, Tulbagh, and near Capetown, F. ¢ Z. Wyn-

berg, W. H. H. Bergriver, Paarlberg, and Dutoitskloof, Drege. Nov.-Dec. (Herb.

Hook., D., Sd.)

Radical leaves about 1 inch long, 2 lines wide. Stem 1 foot, simple, straight, or

with a few erect branches. Cauline leaves 12-6 lines long, 1 line wide. Raceme

3-6 inches; pedicels often secundate, 4-6 lines long, erect, spreading. Corolla

light blue, 3 lines long. Capsule ovoid, when ripe cylindrical, acute at the base.

2. L. bifida (Sond.); annual, minutely pubescent at the base; stem

solitary, erect, simple, terete, very slender; radical leaves 2-4, obovate,

shortly petiolate, unequally and coarsely toothed, rarely subentire ;

_ cauline leaves few, obversé-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ;

pedicels 2-4, racemose, 2-3 times longer than the linear bractea; calyx-

tube terete, narrow, a little shorter than the linear-acuminate lobes ;

corolla narrow, cylindraceous, 4 times longer than the calycine lobes ;

Segments oval, subequal, the 2 upper narrower; the 2 lower of the dor-

Laurentia. | CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) - oes

sally glabrous anthers bearded. Lobelia bifida, Thunb.! Prod. p. 40.

Fl. Cap. p. 183. Solenopsis Dregeana, Presi! Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 290.

Laurentia Dregeana, A. DC./ l.c. p. 411.

Has. Mount Bockland, Thunb. Giftberg, Drege. Nov. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

Stem filiform, 1-3 in. high. Radical leaves 4-6 lines long, 2 lines wide. Cauline

leaves 2-3, distant, denticulate. Pedicels 4-6 lines long. Corolla blue, 3 lines long.

Capsule linear-turbinate.

3. L. pygme@a (Sond.) ; annual; branches decumbent, filiform, pu-

bescent; leaves petiolate, rotundate, roundish or obtuse at the base,

acutely 5-g-dentate, subpilose; petiole hairy, as long or longer than

the leaf; pedicels erect, capillary, glabrous, naked, 4-5 times longer

than the leaf; calyx glabrous; tube obovoid, acute at the base, terete,

equalling the lanceolate, acuminate lobes; corolla 5-6 times longer

than the calycine lobes; tube narrow ; the 2 upper lobes a little smaller ;

anthers glabrous, the 2 inferior terminated by a seta. Lobelia pygmea,

Thunb.! Prod. p. 40. Fl. Cap. p. 181. Rap. pygmeum, Presl Prod. p.

22. Wahlenbergia micrantha, E. Mey. in Herb. Drege. Laurentia mi-

crantha, A. DC. l. p. 411. :

Var. B, glabra; quite glabrous, or the pedicels with a few hairs ; corolla 3-4

times longer than the calycine lobes. Wahl. micrantha, c, Herb. Drege.

Var. y, obtusiloba ; glabrous or the petioles with a few hairs; leaves on longish

petioles, rotundate or elliptical, sinuato-3-7-dentate, teeth obtuse ; corolla 2-3 times

longer than the calycine lobes. Lobelia minuta, Thunb.! Prod. p. 40. Fl. Cap. p.

182, excl. syn. L. minuta, Linn. L. pusilla, Don. Gen. Syst. 3, p. 710.

Has. Mount Ribéck Castel, Thunb. Paarlberg and Dutoitskloof, Drege. Lam-

bertskloofberg, Wallich. Var. 8, Blauwberg, Drege. Var. y, summit of Tablemoun-

tain, Thunb., Ecklon, Milne. Dec.—April. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., D., Sd.)

A small herb, with the habit of Wahlenbergia hederacea. Branches 2-4 inches .

long. Leaves 2-4 lines wide, membranaceous, angulate-dentate; teeth acute, un-

equal. Peduncles 1-14 inch long. Calyx minute. Corolla white, 14-2 lines long.

Capsule ovoid. Var. 7 is at first sight distinct by obtusely-lobed leaves, but the

same leaves are also found in young specimens of var. 8. The tube of corolla is

very long in var. a.; in var. y about half the length ; var. 8. is an intermediate

4. L. hederacea (Sond.); annual, minutely pubescent; branches

ascending, filiform ; leaves petiolate, reniform-cordate, 5—9-dentate or

lobed ; petiole as long as the leaf; pedicels axillary, solitary, longer

than the leaf, naked; calyx ovoid, acute at the base, pubescent; lobes

lanceolate, twice shorter than the glabrous corolla; anthers glabrous,

the 2 inferior terminated by 1 or 2 sete.

Has. Eastern frontier, Henry Hutton. (Herb. D., 8d.) -

Near L. pygmea in habit and size, differing by a dense but minute pubescence in

all parts, and cordate leaves, broader than long. Branches densely leafy. Leaves

4-5 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, obscurely 3-5-lobed ; lobes unequally toothed ; teeth

subacute. Pedicels 1 inch long. Calyx-lobes about as long as the tube. Corolla

white, 2 lines long. Capsule oval.

Lobelia minuta (Linn. Mant. p. 292). “ Plant one inch high. Leaves radical,

obovate, obtuse, scarcely crenate, longish-petiolate. Scape setaceous, 2 inches long,

without bractez, 1-flowered. Calyx oblong, lanceolate. Corolla infundibuliform.

Capsule oblong.” Is possibly not different from ZL. minuta, Thunb. -

Laurentia minuta (A. DC. 1. c. p. 410); with blue flowers and hemispherical

calyx-tube. Founded on: Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2590, and Lod. minima, Sirag? Bot.

Mag. t. 2077 ; is not a Cape species, but Z. tenella, Biv., perfectl i i

Sicilian specimens collected by Prof. Parlatore. ; eo ee

554 _ CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [ Lightfootia.

Tribe 2. CAMPANULEE. (Gen. X.—X VII.)

X. LIGHTFOOTIA, L’ Herit.

Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla usually 5-parted, rarely deeply 5-fid. Stamens

5; filaments broad, ciliated; anthers free, caducous. Ovary 3-, rarely 5-

or 2-celled. Style thicker at the apex, Stigmas 2, 3, or 5, short, fili-

form. Capsule usually half-superior, 2—5-celled, dehiscing by valves

at the apex; cells, when 5, opposite the calycine segments, Seeds

ovoid-trigonal, minute. Sert. Angl. p. 3. Endl. Gen. 3072.

Small shrubs, rarely perennial or annual herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes

opposite, usually with fascicles of smaller ones in the axils, sessile, small, scattered

equally over the whole plant. Flowers usually racemose; pedicels erect. Named

after the Rev. J. Lightfoot, author of the first Flora Scotica.

A. Capsule s-celled. Lvs. subulate; fl. subsessile ... ... (1) sessilifiora.

B. sy 3-celled :

é men ‘spiny-toothed, linear; fl. sessile ... .. ... (2) albicaulis.

Lvs. entire, linear; fl. peduncled ... ... ... ... (3) Namaquana,

Small shrubs or perennial herbs :

t. Fl. terminal, subsessile, densely glomerate :

Leaves, refleced, ovate, thick :

FL. in a globose tuft; corolla mney. cae

than calyx ... (5) fasciculata.

Fi. in an a ft tuft; cor. re 2-3 ce as 8 Tong

as calyx... ... (21) tenella, var. 5.

Leaves erect :

Lys. lanceolate, ee flat, uncial; fi.

in a dense terminal sp these whe (4) Huttoni.

Lys. lin.-lanceol. (2-41. x one setaceously- .

toothed ; ete of fi. —_— racemed or io) Paben

_ Lys. appressed, invoubeiens (3-41 long),

greyish-tomentose ; fi. sessile, tufted or

solitary; cal. tomentose ; cor. hairy... (8) cinerea,

Leaves spreading, subulate (4-6 1 long) ; spike

ovate, 6-8-fl.; cal. tomentose; cor. glabrous (7) Albanensis.

2. Fl. axillary, sessile or subsessile ; spike — :

Lys. reflexed, ovato- lanceolate, denticulate . (9) spicata,

Lys. erect-appressed, lin.-lanceolate, entire ... (10) axillaris.

3. Fl. racemose or panicled; or subsolitary, pedicelled, subterminal :

*Leaves alternate (some opp. in No. 11):

Cal.-tube turbinate or — acute at base ;

Racemes elongate, many-fi -, unilateral (13) Caledonica.

Racemes few-fi., or fl. axillary ;

cels spreading ... ... i 17) Buekii.

Cal.-tube hemispherical : saad

Leaves erect or spreading (not reflexed ) :

Racemelong ; lvs. erect, sess

subdenticled ... ... (11) longifolia.

Race. long or short ; lvs. lancedl

or lin.-lanc., flat, setaceously 1-

2-toothed at base, erect ; pedi-

cels longer than cal. ; cor. 5-

(12) unidentata.

Rac. corymbose, orf. subsolitary;

Ivs. lin.-lanceol., mucronate,

convex, ciliate-toothed at base,

spreading ; ee ae cae

cor. deeply 5-fid bie oe ve EB) elias.

Lightfootia.| CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 555

Rac. panicled or with spreading

pedicels ; lvs. suberect, linear-

acuminate, denticled; cal.-lobes

denticled ; stem herbaceous. (14) denticulata.

Rac. lax ; lvs. spreading, linear-

subulate, entire, convex; cal.-

lobes entire ; stem woody ;

branches downy ... ... ... (16) albens.

Panicle large ; branches divari-

cate; lvs. erect, subulate, chan-

nelled, entire; cal.-lobes entire;

stem woody. Quite glabrous (15) paniculata.

Leaves reflexed :

Fl. solitary, or a few fl. raceme :

Lys. lin.-lanceolate, flat; ped.

rigid; cor. 2-3 timeslonger

than the calyx... ...

Lys. ovato-lanceolate, flat ;

d. capillary ; cor. but

little longerthanthe calyx (20) oxycoccoides.

Fl. racemose or panicled ; leay:

ovate, concave... ... ... (21) tenella,

**Leaves opposite: (linear-lanceolate)

Lys. acuminate, entire; branches erect (22) oppositifolia.

Leaves acute, remotely denticled ;

branches diffuse: ~.. 2... - 2.0 %..

C. Capsule 2-celled, elongate, conical :

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate; fl, spiked... (24) juncea,

Leaves linear-elongate; fl. racemose -. «+ (25) laxiflora.

(19) Thunbergiana,

(23) rubioides,

§ 1. Capsule 5-celled.

1. L. sessiliflora (Sond.) ; stem ascending or erect, rather woody,

simple or branched ; leaves fascicled, alternate, erectish, subulate, nar-

row, subdenticulated ; flowers nearly sessile, racemosely-spiked ; corolla

5-parted ; segments longer than the calyx ; valves of the capsule nearly

as long as the calyx lobes. Campanula sessiliflora Linn. ! Suppl. p. 139-

Thunb.! Prodr. p. 38. Fl. cap. p. 171. Mem. acad. Petersb. 7. iv. p.

367. t. 5. f. 1. C. subulata, Spreng. Syst. 1. p. 728, non. Thunb. Herb.

Un, itin. 1 et 158. Lightf. subulata, V Herit. Sert. angl. 1, t. 5, A. DC.

Monog. p. 107. E. Z. 2340. Dreg. pl. exs. 6312, etc. Zey. 3124. Burch.

cat. 284.

Var. A. foliosissima; stem shorter, much branched, branches and ramuli densely

beset with appressed leaves,

Has. Sandy and stony places on the mountains about Capetown and in Hotten-

ag mere Var. 8. in Zwartland, Zey. 1083. Nov. to Jan. (Herb. Th., Holm.,

, Hk., D.

Root perpendicular, stem 4-14 foot, usually much branched, branches reddish,

mostly simple, filiform, in var. 8. with numerous short pubescent ramuli ; leaves

alternate, rarely opposite, numerous, very narrow, 3-6 lines long, erectish or spread-

ing. Flowers forming an elongated spike or raceme, blue, peduncles shorter than

the calyx. In var. 8. the flowers are sessile and solitary on top of the short ramuli ;

the calyx quite covered by leaves. Tube of calyx hemispherical, 1 line long, shorter

than the subulate lobes, segments of corolla very narrow, scarcely one half longer

than the calyx, usually hairy outwardly. Style as long as the corolla, thickened

upwards, or densely pubescent. It varies with glabrous or somewhat hairy or densely

pubescent branches or calyx.

556 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [ Lightfootia:

§ 2. Capsule 3-celled. (Sp. 2-23).

2. L. albicaulis (Sond.) annual ; stems erect-spreading, white, gla-

brous; leaves alternate, sessile, linear, narrow, spiny-toothed, recurved

at the apex, greyish, hairy or nearly glabrous ; flowers sessile, solitary,

or aggregated ; calyx tube hairy, shorter than the denticulated subulate

lobes ; corolla 5-parted, longer than the calyx. Lobelia cinerea, Thunb.!

Prodr. p. 40. Fl. Cap., p. 182. DC. Prodr. 7, 2, p. 385. Rapuntium

cinereum, Presl, Prodr, Lob. p. 30.

Has. Roggeveld, Thunbd.; Namaqualand, A. Wyley, Nov.-Dec. (Herb. Th., D.)

Root fusiform, simple, white, 2-4 inches long. Stems many from the same root,

erect or ascending, 1-3 inches long, terete, smooth, simple or a few branched.

“Leaves 4-6 lines long, acute, with thickened margins, carinate above ; the teeth

short but rigid. Calyx about 3 lines long, tube one-half shorter than the lobes.

Corolla white, a little longer than the calyx lobes, §-fid, at length 5-parted, segments

lanceolate. Ovary hairy, elliptical, stigma trifid.

8. L. Namaquana (Sond); annual; stems erect, branched, white,

terete, glabrous or shortly hairy ; leaves distant, alternate, spreading,

linear, narrow, entire or obsoletely denticulate, canaliculateabove ; flowers

solitary, pedicellate, disposed in a terminal, racemose panicle ; pedicels

and calyx minutely downy ; tube of calyx hemispherical, equalling the

linear, carinate, ciliolate lobes; corolla sub-5-parted, 3-4 times longer

than the calyx; capsule 3-valved, valves as long as the reflexed calyx-

lobes.

Has. Modderfontein, Rev. H. Whitehead (Herb. D.) 2

Habit of LZ. denticulata. Root long, subsimple, white as the whole plant. Stems

aspan high. Branches few, or very numerous ones in the axil of the leaves, bearing

1 or 2 pedicellate flowers. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 4 line broad. Pedicels of the

panicle 2-3 lines long. Calyx when in flower very small. Segments of corolla

narrow, 3 lines long. Capsule hemispherical, with § prominent and 5 nearly obso-

lete ribs ; the tube one half longer than the valves. ‘

4, L. Huttoni (Sond.); stem erect, glabrous or a little downy ;

leaves numerous, erect, alternate, lanceolate, elongate, calloso-mucro-

nate, flat, with thickened, entire or subdenticled margins, glabrous;

flowers in dense terminal spikes; tube of calyx glabrous, a little shorter

than the subulate lobes; corolla 5-parted, much longer than the calyx.

Has. Kreili’s Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker; Katberg, Eastern Frontier, 1.

Hutton. (Herb. D., Sd.) ;

Stem 1 foot, stiff, simple, with some short branches in the upper part, closely leafy

from the base. Leaves about one inch long, at the base 14-2 lines broad, the upper

ones gradually smaller, glabrous or ciliated near the base, 1-nerved. Flowers 4-12,

sessile at top, in the axils of the upper leaves. Calyx 3-4 lines long with 2 bracts

at the base. Corolla with linear segments, longer the trifid stigma.

5, L. fasciculata (A. DC. Monog, p. 112) stem erect, woody, branched,

hairy; leaves numerous, alternate, reflexed, ovate, acute, thickish, re-

motely denticulated, glabrous or hairy beneath; flowers in round fasci-

cles at the top of the branches; tube of calyx nearly equalling the sub-

ulate lobes; corolla 5-parted, hardly longer than the calyx, hairy. Cam-

-panula fasciculata, Linn. Suppl. p. 139. Thunb.! Prodr. p. 39- Mem.

Acad. Petersh. 4, 372, t.6,f.t. Roellareflena, Banks herb. L. oaycoccotdes,

Litt. e. Dreg. ext, (fide DO. non in Herb, Sd.) : ae

Lightfootia. | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 557

Has, Between Knysna and Plettenbergsbay, Jan. Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Th.,D.,Sd.)

Plant 1-2 feet, simple or branched at the top. Leaves sessile, coriaceous, fascicled,

about 2 lines long, 1 line broad, the lower ones often acuminate and 3 lines long.

Inflorescence composed of a glomerate panicle, 6-8 lines broad, the flowers sessile or

on very short hairy peduncle, bracteated by acuminate leaves, nearly as long as the

calyx. Calyx 3-34 lines long, tube ovate, 1o-nerved, with short hairs. Corolla with

linear segments. Valves of the capsule 3-4 times shorter than the calyx. __

6. L, rubens (Buek ! in E. Z. Enum. p. 373); stem erect, woody ;

branches spreading, hairy ; leaves alternate, glabrous, erect, linear-lan-

ceolate, acute ; margins revolute, near the base with 4—6 setaceous teeth;

flowers fascicled at top of the branches; fascicles 3~12-flowered, densely

racemose or laxly panicled ; pedicels shorter than the hemispherical

calyx tube ; calyx lobes subulate, twice shorter than the 5-parted, hairy

corolla. P. angustifolia. A. DC.! Prodr. p. 418.

Has. Near Kromrivier, Drege, 6320; near Capetown, W. H. H.; between Kraka-

kamma and Vanstaadensberg, #. § Z.; Zey./ 3133 ; T. Cooper, 1465. Winterhoek-

Zey. 3121; Port Elizabeth, Zeyh. 3132. Bethelsdorp, Zey. 312 f. Dec.—May. (Herb.

Sd., D.)

An erect, very leafy shrub, 1-2 feet high, with the habit of L. fasciculata, but

differing by much narrower, erect leaves, with setaceous teeth and revolute i

and branches, reddish, with greyish pubescence. Leaves often reddish when old,

mostly in 4 rows, erect or erect-spreading, 2-4 lines long, 4-1 line broad, rigid.

Fascicles of flowers in some specimens sessile, aggregated in the upper part of the

branches, in others divided by spreading peduncles and then forming a panicle of

few-flowered fascicles, Calyx 2 lines long, glabrous ; the lobes equalling the tube,

but longer than the valves of capsule. Style as long as the corolla.

7. L, Albanensis (Sond.) ; perennial, stem and branches erect, terete,

rather tomentose ; leaves erect-spreading, subulate, nearly terete by the

revolute margins, quite entire or denticulate near the base, glabrous ;

flowers sessile, forming an ovate spike at top of the branches; tube of

calyx tomentose, lobes subulate, 3 times shorter than the 5-parted gla-_

brous corolla.

Has. Grassy places in Howisonspoort, . Zey. z erb Sd.

Stem nearly 1 foot high, with few mines “alah ee aa Seclcios of

smaller ones in the axils, 4~6 lines long, sessile, with broader woolly base. Spike

composed of 6-8 flowers, leafy-bracteated. Calyx 3 lines long, tube shorter than

the lobes. Segments of the 5-parted corolla linear, a little longer than the minutely

pubescent style. Stigma trifid. Perhaps a variety of the following.

8. L. cinerea (Sond.) ; stem and branches erect, woody, as well as

the base of the leaves, greyish, tomentose ; leaves numerous, sessile,

erect, appressed, linear-subullate, nearly terete by the revolute margins,

quite entire or denticulate near the base, greyish; flowers sessile at top

of the branches, solitary or 4-6 aggregated; calyx woolly, tube obconi-

eal, nearly equalling the subulate lobes ; corolla 5-parted, twice longer

than the calyx, hairy. Campanula cinerea, Linn.! Suppl. p. 139.

Thunb. ! Prodr.p. 38. Mem. Acad. Petrop. 4, p. 368, t. 6, f.4. £1. Cap.

p. 172. Roella cinerea, A. DC. Monog. p. 175. Lightf. grisea, Buek! in

EL. & Z. Enum. p. 374.

Has. Grassy fields near Swellendam, Thunb. / on the Vanstadensriviersberg and

near Eladsrivier, Z. § Z. Novy.-May. (Herb. Th., Holm., D., Sd., Hk.)

558 7 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) [ Lightfootia.

Many stems from the woody rootstock, 1-2 feet high, more or less branched ;

branches virgate or short. The whole plant of a greyish colour. Leaves with

fascicles in the axils, 3-4 lines long, often imbricated, glabrous, but tomentose at

the base. Calyx 3 lines long. Corolla white, segments linear, longer than the

3-fid style. Capsule 3-valved, valves shorter than the calyx lobes.

9. L. spicata (Buck.! 1. c. p. 374); stem erect, woody ; branches

virgate, angular, shortly pubescent; leaves alternate, reflexed, ovato-

lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, concave, with thickened, denticulate

margins ; spike elongate; flowers sessile, the lower ones shortly pedicel-

late ; calyx glabrous or subpilose ; tube hemispherical; lobes lanceo-

late, 2-3 times shorter than the hairy corolla. JZ. spicata, DC.! Prod.

p. 418, L. macrostachys. DC. l. ¢. p. 787. L. subulata c. et L. oxycoc-

coides, e. Herb. Drege.

Has. Stony sandy places near the cataract of Tulbagh, #. § Z. In mountains,

Giftsberg and Cederbergen, Drege. Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem 1~2 feet high, reddish as the branches. Leaves numerous, with small ones

in the axils, 3-4 lines long, 1 line broad. Calyx lobes longer than the tube, entire,

with thickened margins. Corolla 5-parted, segments linear, shorter than the in-

erassate style, with trifid stigma. It resembles Z. tenella in the shape of its leaves,

but is distinguished by the sessile, axillary flowers.

10. L. axillaris (Sond.) ; branches woody, erect, terete, shortly pu-

bescent ; leaves alternate, erect, appressed, linear-lanceolate, quite

entire, glabrous, with revolute margins ; spike elongate ; flowers

shortly pedicellate ; calyx tube hemispherical, pubescent; lobes lan-

ceolate, a little shorter than the glabrous corolla.

Has. Mts. between Hottholld. and Caledon Stellenbosch, Ecklon. in (Herb. Sd.)

Branches as in the preceding. Leaves 4 lines long, 1 line broad, with slightly

revolute not denticulate margins. Flowers solitary ; the pedicels equalling the

calyx tube. Calyx 2 lines long. Corolla as in Z. spicata, but not much longer

11. L, longifolia (DC.! Monog. p. 107, excl. syn. Thunb.) ; stem

woody, erect, simple or branched ; branches virgate, undivided, mi-

nutely downy ; leaves alternate, erect, linear-subulate, narrow, rigid,

subdenticulated, glabrous; raceme terminal, elongate; pedicels soli-

tary or ternate, as long or a little longer than the calyx ; tube of calyx

hemispherical ; lobes subulate, twice shorter than the hairy corolla.

Prodr. VII, 2, p. 417. E. Z. 2341. L. linearis, Eckl. Herb. Un. itin.

157-

Vaz. 8. oppositifolia ; leaves opposite, or the upper ones alternate.

Has. Sandy places amongst shrubs in the Capalints near Doornhoogde & Zeekoo-

valley, and near Grooteport, FE. ¢ Z., Wallich ; Vaalfontyn near Eersterivier.

ae gs Var. 8. in the Cape flats, Ecklon, W. H. H. Nov.—Janr. (Herb.

3 7

A virgate sub-shrub, 1-1} foot high. Leaves 6-10 lines long, $ line broad, sub-

carinate, minutely denticulated, stiff. Raceme 2-4 inches long ; pedicels in the

axil of the leaves, glabrous or minutely downy. Calyx 2-3 lines long; lobes

longer than the glabrous or downy tube. Corolla 5-parted, segments very narrow,

equalling the 3-lobed, rarely 4-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-valved, the valves equal in

length to the base of the capsule. It is nearly allied in habit and characters to L.

sessiliflora, from which it differs by longer leaves, racemose inflorescence, and 3-valved

Lightfootia.] CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 559

12. L, unidentata (A. DC. Monog. p. 109); stem erect, woody, simple,

or branched at the base ; leaves alternate, erect, subappressed, linear-

lanceolate, acuminate, with 1-2 setaceous teeth on each side near the

base ; flowers racemose; pedicels solitary, longer than the calyx; tube

of calyx hemispherical, shorter than the acuminate lobes; corolla

5-parted, 2-3 times longer than the calyx, hairy.

Var. a. glabra ; raceme narrow elongated. Camp. unidentata, Thund.! Prodr.

p. 39. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 4, p. 371, t. 5, f. 2.

Var. 8. pubescent ; raceme narrow, mostly elongated ; branches, pedicels, and

calyx shortly pubescent ; leaves glabrous, or hairy beneath. C. unidentata, Herb.

Helm, specimen a Thunb. lectum.

Var. y. lycopodioides ; leaves smaller, 1-2 dentate or entire ; flowers on shorter

pedicels, or disposed in a loose raceme. L. lycopodioides, A. DC. Monog. p. 114.

Has. Var. a. Cape of Good Hope, Thunb. Var. 8. Wittedrift, Plettenberg’s

Bay, Dr. Pappe. Var. y. Cape, Lalande, in Herb. Kunth. In Zwarteberg, Cale-

don, Dr. Pappe, Zeyher, 3122. Dec.—Janr. (Herb. Thb., Hlm., Kth., Sd., D., Hk.)

Stem 1 foot or more in height virgate as the branches, often reddish, leafy,

Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1 line broad ; in var. y. 3-4 lines long, 3 line wide, rigid,

acute, with slightly revolute margins. Pedicels capillary, 2-6 lines long, with brac-

teas and sometimes a second flower in the middle, in var. y. not disposed in a regu-

lar raceme, but more distant, but sometimes more approximate at the top of the

branchlets. Calyx 2 lines long. Corolla blue (Thunb.) Valves of the capsule

shorter than the calyx lobes. Var. +. differs in habit by more branched stem, fili-

form branches, smaller leaves and flowers ; the leaves are appressed ; the flowering

branches exactly as in the original branches in Herb. Kunth., but in young sterile

twigs they are generally spreading, or erect spreading.

18, L. Caledonica (Sond.); branches herbaceous, erect, glabrous,

or shortly pubescent ; leaves alternate, erect, linear, narrow, glabrous,

rigid, remotely denticulate on the thickened margins ; flowers disposed

in an elongate raceme ; peduncles leafy, 1-3 flowered ; pedicels short;

calyx-tube turbinate; lobes denticulate, as long as the tube; corolla

5-parted, glabrous,

Has. Caledonriver, Zeyher. Janr. (Herb. Sd.)

Branches 1 foot, terete. Leaves about 4 lines long, 3 line broad, with a fascicle

of smaller ones in the axil. Raceme secundate. Peduncles 4-6 lines long, with

small leaflike bracts. Pedicels equalling the calyx tube. Calyx glabrous. Corolla

with narrow segments. Capsule with 3 valves, twice shorter than the turbinate

base of the capsule. It has the leaves of the following species, but a very different

capsule.

14, L. denticulata (Sond.) ; stem herbaceous, much branched as

well as the branches glabrous or subscabrous; leaves alternate, linear,

narrow, acuminate, glabrous or subpilose, with thickened remotely den-

ticulate margins ; flowers racemose-panicled ; tube of calyx hemisphe-

rical ; lobes linear, denticulate ; corolla deeply 5-fid, longer than the

calyx. Camp. denticulata, Burch. Trav., vol. 1, p. 538. Wahlenb. denti-

culata, A. DC. ! Monog. p. 152,t. 16. E. & Z. 2378. Lightf. capilla-

ris, Buek. in E. § Z. Enum. 2342. W. corymbosa, £. Mey. in Herb. Drege,

and 4005, 6300,a. Zeyher, 1058, 1059.

Has. Eastern part of the Colony, Zwartkops and Krumrivier in Caffraria, near

the Aapges, Caledon and Mooyeriver, and Port Natal, Burchell, Drege, Krauss,

Eckl. and Zeyh. Nov.-Dec. (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.)

560 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [ Lightfootia.

A perennial herb, 4-1 foot, very leafy. Leaves alternate, ternate, rarely’ oppo-

site, 4-6 lines long, 4 line broad, the upper smaller. Flowers numerous towards the

tops of the branches. Pedicels unequal, spreading, capillary, 2-6, in L. capillaris,

6-10 lines long. Panicle few or many flowered. Calyx 2 lines long. Corolla 5-fid,

at length nearly 5-parted ; segments very narrow. Capsule hemispherical, 10-

nerved ; the 3-valves a little shorter than the base of the capsule. The plant I

possess from Drege, under the name ‘‘ Wahlenb. Cajfra, DC.” agrees perfectly with.

L. denticulata,

15. L. paniculata (Sond.) ; quite glabrous ; stems erect, woody,

much branched, striate-angulate; branches filiform, divaricate, divided,

forming a large, nearly leafless panicle; leaves rare, alternate, linear-

subulate, canaliculate, entire ; upper ones or the bractez gradually

smaller; flowers pedicellate; pedicels 2-6 times longer than the calyx ;

calyx obconical, lobes linear, twice shorter than the 5-parted corolla

with narrow segments; valves one half, or nearly doubly shorter than

the base of the capsule.

Has. Magalisberg. Nov. Burke & Zey., 1067. (Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

-Root-stalk with several slender stems, 1 foot or more in height. Branches alter-

nate, 4-6 lines long; the ultimate ramuli or the pedicels 3-10 lines long. Leaves

erect, 4-6 lines, upper ones more spreading, 2-1 line long. Calyx tube terete, 1 line

long, equal in length to the lobes.

16. L. albens (Spreng. ! in Zeyh. fl. cap. ex. 266); stem erect, woody,

branched ; branches rigid, minutely downy ; leaves alternate, in fas-

cicles, erect-spreading, linear, very narrow, entire, with revolute mar-

gins, thickish, pale ; flowers disposed in a loose raceme; pedicels divari-

cate, glabrous, rigid ; calyx tube hemispherical, lobes erect, subulate,

entire; corolla 5-parted, 3 times longer than the calyx ; valves acute,

equal in length to the base of the capsule. A. DC. Monog. p. t10. DC.

Prodr. VII. 2, p. 417. Burch. Catal. 1720. E£.& 27.2350. L. laricina;

Buek! in E. & Z. Enum. 23.44, ex parte.

Has. Sandy places on the Zwartkopsriver, FZ. & Z. Zeyh. 3129. Klein Fisch-

rivier, Drege, 3619. Rivier Zonder Einde, and in Hassaquaskloof, Zey. 3120. Dis-

trict of Albert, 7. Cooper, 1861. Sanddrift, Orange River, Burke. Oct.—Dec.

(Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) m

Shrub 1 foot, much branched. Leaves 2-4 lines long, 4 line broad, rigid, corl-

aceous, convex above by the revolute margins, glabrous. Pedicels 4-6 lines long.

Calyx glabrous, 1} line long. Segments of corolla very narrow. Capsule hemis-

pherical, small,

17. L. Buekii (Sond.) ; stemi erect, woody ; branches virgate, filiform,

minutely downy ; leaves alternate, rarely opposite, often in fascicles,

spreading, linear, very narrow, quite entire or with a short tooth at each

side at the base ; flowers few, at the top of the branches terminal and

axillary, racemose ; pedicels and calyx downy ; tube of calyx obconl-

cal, lobes linear, spreading, twice shorter than the §5-parted corolla ;

valves acute, 3 times shorter than the base of the capsule. L. larwuna

Buek! in E. Z. Enum. 2344, ex pte.

Has. Hills between the Zondagsriver and Adow, and on the Zwartkopsriver,

E.§ Z.; Zey. 5129, ex pte. Jul. (Herb. Sd.)

Distinguished from L. albens by the elongated, nearly filiform, 1-1} foot long

branches, subfiliform leaves, capillary, downy pedicels, and obconical capsule w?

longer lobes and shorter valves. ole plant of a pale green colour. Leaves 3-4

Lightfootia. | CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 561

lines long, much spreading. Pedicels 2-4 lines long. Lobes of calyx in the flower-

ing plant erect, in the fruitbearing divergent. Segments of corolla very narrow.

Capsule 2 lines long,

18. L. ciliata (Sond.); stem woody, erect; branches simple or

divided, glabrous or pubescent ; leaves alternate, rarely opposite, spread-

ing, linear-lanceolate, mucronate ; margins revolute, ciliated near the

base by 2-4 setaceous teeth; flowers solitary or in few-flowered loose

racemes at the top of the branches ; pedicels short, capillary; tube of

calyx hemispherical, lobes acuminate, setaceous-ciliate at the base,

2-3 times shorter than the deeply 5-fid corolla. Campan. ciliata,

Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 172, C. Thunbergu, R. et Sch., Syst. Veg. v. p. 135.

Roella ? Thunbergit, A. DC. Monog. p. 174. Prod. p. 446. Lightf. thy-

mifolia Buek! l. c. 2343. divaricata, Buek ! 2352. mucronulata, Buek!

2353. L. Loddigesii, A. DC. Monog. p. 114. L. tenella, Lodd. Bot. Cab.

t. 1038, non A. DC. Zey. 3130.

Var. f. major ; floriferous branches longer, forming a terminal racemose panicle.

L. Uitenhagensis, Buek! 2345. L. intermedia, Buek ! 2351.

Var. y. debilis ; branches procumbent, diffuse, filiform ; leaves spreading or a

little reflexed, alternate or often opposite, with hooked apex, mucronate ; flowers

terminal, subsolitary ; calyx glabrous or pilose. LZ. rubioides Buek! 6. c. 2363. non

A. DC.? L. tenella, A. DC. / var. in Herb. Drege. Zey. 3131.

Var. 5. pubescent ; branches, leaves and calyx pubescent ; leaves opposite or

alternate with hooked apex. JL. pubescens. DC.! Prod. p. 419.

Has. Mountains between Hassagaybosch and Grahamstown, Albany; near

Uitenhage, Adow, and Port Elizabeth. E. ¢ Z., Drege ; var. B. on the Zwartkops-

rivier and Van Staadensrivier mountains ; Z. ¢ Z., Drege, 6317, 9138 ; var. y, Zuu-

reberge, Winterhoeksberge, Z. Z. Drege! Knysna, Dr. Pappe ; var. 5. between

Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege, 7496. Oct.-Mai. (Herb, Th., Hlm., D., Sd. Hk.)

Stem 3-1 foot or more high; branches reddish, woody, erect, very leafy,

terete, in var. yy, very long, filiform or capillary, trailing. Branchlets mostly

short. Leaves in fascicles, sessile, much spreading or subreflexed, glabrous, rarely

hairy, pale green, 2-3, rarely four lines long, } line broad, pointed by a recurved

mucro ; the teeth-like cilia, short, spreading. Pedicels about as long as the calyx,

in some flowers shorter, in others a little longer. Lobes of calyx acute or mucronu-

late, longer than the tube. Corolla variable in size, 5-fid, the segments lanceolate,

blue? Style as long as the corolla, stigma 3-fid. Capsule hemispherical or sub-

depressed, 10-nerved, spreading or recurved ; the calyx lobes twice longer than the

valves of capsule. Seeds ovoid, trigonal. Var. 8, is a more rigid shrub with

panicled inflorescence, the calyx glabrous or hairy. Var. y, is characterized by

very long, nearly capillary slightly divided branches ; the leaves 1-2 lines long,

incurved or hooked, evidently mucronulate ; the flowers solitary, in size nearly as

in var. a. War. 5. is only distinguished by the pubescence.

19. L. Thunbergiana (Buek! in E.Z. Enum. 2359.); glabrous branches

woody, erect-spreading ; leaves, alternate, reflexed, linear-lanceolate,

acute, with thickened margins, quite entire or remotely denticulated,

flat; peduncles divergent, rigid, disposed in a few-flowered, loose raceme ;

the terminal pedicels 3-4 lines longer than the lanceolate-acuminate

bractea; tube of calyx hemispherical ; lobes linear-acuminate, entire ;

corolla deeply 5-fid, 2-3 times longer than the calyx. JZ. anomala,

A. DC.! Prodr. p. 418. .

Has. Karroolike hills, near the Gauritz river, Swellendam, Z. ¢ Z.; near Lelie-

fontein, 3- 4000 ft., and between Houtbay and Wynberg, Drege. Nov.-Dec. (Herb.

Hook, Sd.)

VoL. I, 36

562 CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [ Lightfootua.

More woody and erect than the following, to which it has a great resemblance,

and nearly the same but smaller leaves. Stem 1 foot and more, as well as the pri-

branches leafless. Ultimate branches often finely-pubescent. Leaves, 3-6 lines

long, 3-1 line broad. Pedicels 2-4 lines long. Calyx with spreading lobes, 2 lines

long. Segments of corolla very narrow, nearly §-parted. Walves of capsule, shorter

than the calyx lobes.

20. L. oxycoccoides (L’Her. Sert. Angl. t. 4); stem glabrous or hairy,

erectish or ascending, woody at the base, much branched, branches

diffuse, filiform or capillary ; leaves alternate, reflexed, ovato-lanceolate,

acute, flat, thin, quite entire or denticulated at the base ; peduncles

capillary, solitary, terminal, sometimes loosely racemose, equalling or a

little longer than the leaves ; tube of calyx Jusniepheteal. lobes subu-

late, entire ; corolla 5-parted, one-half longer than the calyx. A. DC.

Monog. p. 113, HE. Z. 2360. Campanula tenella, Thunb.! Herb. ex pte.

act. acad. Petersb. 4,1, 7, f. 3. Herb. Un. itin, 151. C. Ottoniana, R.

and Sch. Syst. 5, p. 113, fide DC. Drege, 6306, 6315.

Has. Rocks on Table and Devil’s Mountain; Drakensteensberg, and near Simon’s

bay. Decb.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., D., Hk., Sd.)

Stem short, perennial, with many prostrate, longish branches, resembling Oy-

coccos. Leaves, glabrous, 1-2 lines long. Calyx 1 line long. Corolla white, with

rose-coloured nerves.

21. L. tenella (A. DC. Monog. p. 111, t. 3. £. B.); stem erect, woody,

branched; branches minutely downy; leaves alternate, usually in fasci-

cles, reflexed, ovate, obtuse or acute, concave or canaliculate, thick,

entire or denticulate, with incrassate margins ; flowers racemose ; corolla

sub-5-parted, 2—3 times longer than calyx ; valves of capsules equal or

a little shorter than the linear-lanceolate calyx-lobes. DC. Prodr. p.

418. Z. Z. 2355. Campanula tenella Linn.! suppl. p. 141. Thunb.!

herb. ex parte. Herb. Un. itin, 156, Roella filiformis et glabra. Poir.

dict. Lightf. oxycoccoides, Dreg. ex s. ex pte. et 6316, 6318.

Var. 8. microphylla ; leaves minute, glomerate ; flowers racemose-corymbose or

subpanicled ; valves of the capsule longer than the calyx lobes. L. nodosa, Buek!

l. c. 2358. L. tenella, var. longivalvis, A. DC. Drege, 6308. L. oxycoccoides, Drege b.

Var. ¥y. tenerrima ; branches elongated, filiform ; leaves small ; raceme remote-

flowered ; valves of capsule equal or a little longer than the calyx-lobes. L. tener-

rima, Buek fl. c. 2356.

Var. 6. fasciculata ; leaves very numerous, ovate-acuminate ; flowers shortly

pedicellate, densely aggregated in an ovate or oblong raceme. L. fasciculata, B. Z.?

2354. Camp. fasciculata, Thunb, Herb. var. B.

Var. e. rigida ; more rigid, branches woody, diffused, sparingly leafed ; leaves

small, pedicels disposed in a loose raceme ; valves of sete Te 5 longer or shorter than

the calyx lobes. L. diffusa Buek ! l. c. 2357.

Has. Cape Flats, and on the seashore from Cape town to Port Natal (Miss Owen)»

Zey. 3126, Nov.-Dec.; var. 8. Port Elizabeth and on the Zwartskops river, Zey-

3119 ex parte, 3128, Sept. ; var. y. distr. of Swellendam and Hassaquaskloof, FE. SZ.

Dr. Pappe, Zey. 3125. Nov.-Dec. ; var. 8. near Vankampsbay, and in Uitenhage,

Thunb. E. § Z., Oct.Nov. ; var. €. on Zondags and Ooegariver, Uitenhage, Z. ¢ Z. ;

i op, near Beaufort, Burke and Zey. 1062. Africas-hoogde, Zey. 1063;

Mar. (Herb. Thunb., Holm, D., Hook, Sd.)

Very variable, from 4 inches to several feet high, but always shrubby and woody.

Leaves when small about as long as broad, and usually 1 line ; in var. 8. 2-3 lines

long, coriacous, often in four rows, very rarely in upper branches opposite.

Lightfootia. | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 563

Raceme 4-2 inches long, in large specimens panicled and then resembling in habit

the inflorescence of Wahlenbergia adpressa; in very small specimens, as distributed by

Drege (L. oxycoccoides, 6.), the branches are terminated by one or two flowers.

Pedicels 1-2 lines ; var. e. often 3-4 lines long. Calyx with hemispherical tube

and acuminate lobes 14-2 lines long. Segments of corolla linear or lanceolate, blue,

glabrous, or shortly hairy.

22. L. oppositifolia (A. DC. Monog. p. 115); branches erect or as-

cending, slender, rigid, simple ; leaves opposite, spreading or reflexed,

linear-lanceolate, acuminate, subdenticulated or entire, with thickish

margins ; flowers few, usually terminal ; calyx glabrous, tube hemi-

spherical ; lobes erect, lanceolate-acuminate, denticulate; corolla sub-

5-partite, twice longer than the calyx. Prod. p. 419. H. & Z: 2362. P.

lanceolata et L. muscosa, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1, p.217. E. & Z.

2361. L. oxycoccoides, var. Spreng. Syst. 1, p. 809.

Has. Sandy places in the Cape flats, near Doornhoogde, and on the Table moun-

tain, E.d4 Z. Dutoitskloof, Drege (A. DC.). Nov. (Herb. Reg. Berol., Sd.)

Plant 4-1 foot, much branched ; branches reddish, filiform, glabrous or a little

hairy. Leaves 3-4 lines long, } line broad, glabrous. Pedicels capillary, 1-3 at

top of the branches, 2-6 lines long. Calyx 1 line long ; lobes longer than the tube.

Drege’s specimen, 6314 in Herb. Sond., is not L. oppositifolia, but L. capillaris,

Buek. == denticulata, Sd.

23, L. rubioides, (A. DC. Monog. p. 116); branches procumbent

diffuse ; leaves opposite, spreading or subreflexed, lanceolate, acute,

remotely denticulated; flowers few, terminal, and axillary; tube of

calyx hairy, spherical, lobes spreading, linear-lanceolate, remotely

denticulate; corolla 5-parted, longer than the calycine lobes. Prodr.

P. 419.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Herb. Banks. (Unknown to us.)

Plant trailing, much branched ; branches divaricate, 3-4 inches long, a little

hairy, reddish, more or less leafy. Leaves sessile, 2-4 lines long, scarcely 1 line

broad, glabrous or furnished with a few white hairs. Flowers pedicellate; pedicels

filiform, subpilose, 3~5 lines long. Tube of calyx about 1 line long ; lobes acute,

14-2 lines long. Style a little longer than the corolla, thicker and 3-dentate at the

top. Capsule spherical.

§ 3. Capsule 2-celled, elongate-conical. (Sp. 24-25.)

24, L. juncea (Sond.) ; stem and branches virgate, striate, herbace-

ous, glabrous, hairy at the base ; lower leaves ovato-lanceolate, acute,

erect, alternate, with revolute, incrassate, entire or denticulate margins,

glabrous, sometimes hairy beneath ; upper ones distant, gradually

smaller, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ; flowers disposed in an elong-

ate spike, solitary or ternate, sessile ; tube of calyx obconical, glabrous,

longer than the triangular lobes; corolla deeply 5-fid; segments 3-4

times longer than the calyx; capsule obconical ; valves equalling the

calyx-lobes. Prismatocarpus junceus, Buek! in E.§& Z. Enum. 2400.

Wahlenbergia spicata, E. Mey.! DC. Prod. p. 441.

Has, Stony places and the Klipplaatriver, near Silo, Tambukiland, #.¢Z. Port

Beaufort, Caffraria, Drege. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

Perennial, 1-14 foot high. Root woody, with many terete, pale green stems ;

branches similar. Lower leaves approximate, 4~6 lines long, 2 lines broad ; the

intermediate 1 line broad ; the uppermost 2-1 line long. Flowers in the axil of

36*

564 CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [ Microeodon.

3 small bracts. Spike 1-2 inches long, remoti-flowered. Lobes of calyx acute,

nearly 1 line long. Segments of corolla narrow, glabrous; stamens 5 ; anthers

linear. Style with 2, rarely 3, linear, revolute stigmas. Capsule terete, 10-nerved,

4 lines long. Seeds oblong, acute at both ends, sub-3-angular.

25. L. laxiflora (Sond.) ; branches erect, virgate, striate, subsimple,

glabrous; leaves alternate, distant, elongate-linear, narrow, quite entire,

keeled by the middle nerve, glabrous ; upper ones smaller; flowers

disposed in a lax, often unilateral raceme ; peduncles capillary, with

2 subulate bracts in the middle; tube of calyx obconical, glabrous;

lobes subulate, as long as the flowering tube; corolla deeply 5-fid, 3

times longer than the calyx; capsule linear-obconical, terete; valves 3

times shorter than the calyx lobes.

Has, In Caffraria, Drege. Katberg, Eastern Frontier, #. Hutton. (Hb. D., Sd.)

Well distinguished from Z. juncea by longer branches, narrower leaves, and pedun-

culate flowers. Branches in the specimen 14 foot. Leaves {-1 inch long, 1 line

broad. Raceme 4—8-flowered, 3-4 inches long. Lower peduncle 1 inch, the upper

shorter. Lobes of calyx erect, ciliated at the base, 2-2} lines long. Segments of

corolla lanceolate-linear. Base of filaments ciliated. Ovary 2-celled. Style with

2 stigmas. Ripe capsule about half an inch long, striate.

’ XI. MICROCODON, A. DC.

Calyx 5-cleft, tube ovoid or spherical. Corolla 5-lobed at the apex,

small, cylindrical. Stamens 5, free ; filaments very slender, not ex-

panded at the base. Style filiform. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, half-

superior, dehiscing by 5 valves at the apex; cells alternating with the

calycine lobes, Seeds ovoid, small. Monog. camp. p. 127, t.19. DC.

Prod, p. 421. Endl. Gen. 3078. Wahlenbergice, Spec. Thunb.

Small, annual herbs. Leaves alternate or subopposite, sessile, small, narrow ;

upper ones rather the longest. Flowers terminal, sessile or pedicellate. Tube of

calyx hispid, rarely glabrous. Name from jixpos, small, and kwdwv, a bell; in

reference to the shape and smallness of the flowers.

Sect. 1. Eumtcrocopon. Ovary conical and free above. Capsule dehiscing by

the elevated valves.

Flowers solitary, on longish pedicels ser wes spe)” paue UURee ae) aenee

Flowers subsessile, or shortly peduncled :

Flowers glomerate, terminal

(2) glomeratum.

Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves es (3) sparsiflorum.

Sect. 2. CatorHeca. Ovary flat above, quite inferior. Capsule

dehiscing by depressed valves ... ... ... 12. ces eee eee (4) hispidulum.

Sect. 1. Evmicrocopoy, A. DC., Prod. (Sp. 1-3.)

1. M, lineare (Buek! in E. & Z. enum. 2368); stem flexuous, erect,

simple or branched above, terete, glabrous at the base ; leaves linear,

acuminate, narrow, subdenticulate with cartilaginous margins ; flowers

pedicellate, often subpanicled; tube of calyx hairy or glabrous, spheri-

cal; lobes linear, nearly as long as the corolla ; capsule spherical, ob-

tusely 5-angled, 3 times shorter than the calycine lobes, Campanula

linearis, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 140. Thunb. Mem. Arad. Petersb. 4, t. 5, f-

3. Fl. Cap. p. 171. Wahlenbd. linearis, A. DC. ! Monog. p. 137.

_ Var. 8, diffusa ; stem much branched ; branches diffuse. Wahlenb.diffusa, A .DC.1.c.

Microcodon.| CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 565

Has. Sandy places near Heerenlogement, Ziunb. Near Waterfall, Tulbagh,

£. § Z, Bergrivier, Drege. Oct.-Nov. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)

Stem 4-1 foot high, filiform, purplish, more or less dichotomously branched at

the apex. Leaves glabrous or ciliate at the base, about 6-8 lines long, 4 line wide.

Flowers white. Peduncles spreading, 4-1 inch long. Bractez leafy, linear. Corolla

narrow. Capsule hispid or quite glabrous, the size of a small pea ; valves 1 line

long, erect. :

2. M. glomeratum (A. DC.! Monog. p. 127, t. 19); stem erect, sim-

ple or branched; branches spreading, simple, hairy; leaves linear, acu-

minated, hairy and ciliated ; flowers subsessile, glomerate, terminal ;

bracteze leafy, longer than the flowers; tube of calyx ovoid, hispid ;

lobes acuminate, long; capsule ovoid, terete, valves erect, twice shorter

than their base. DC. Prod. p. 421. M. Candolleanum, Buck. 1. ¢. 2364,

ex pte. Herb. Un. Itin. 149.

Van. 8, brevibracteatum ; smaller; leaves rare ; flowers densely glomerate ; brac-

teze as long as the flowers ; calyx-lobes shorter. M. brevibracteatum, Buek ! l. c. 2366.

Var. y, pygmeum ; dwarf, 1 inch high, mostly simple, with 2-4 terminal flowers.

M. nygmeum, Buek ! 1. e. 2365.

Var. 5, singuliflorum ; flowers solitary or subsolitary.

Has. Stony sandy places in the flats and mountains near Capetown. Driefontein,

Zey. 1065. Var.y, near Waterfall, Tulbagh, #. 42. Oct.-Nov. (Hb. Hk., D., Sd.)

2 inches to 1 foot high. Leaves alternate, or lower ones opposite, in small speci-

mens 3-4 lines, in the largest 8-10 lines long, 1 line wide, minutely denticulated ;

floral ones or bracteze 1 inch long, but in the varieties not exceeding the flowers.

Flowers glomerate to a head, rarely solitary. Calyx-tube 1-1} line long, ovoid or

subsphzroid ; lobes 2-3 times longer, or in var. 8 about as long as the tube, Corolla

2-3 lines long. Capsule very hispid. Var. 8 resembles WM. lineare, but differs by

more acuminate leaves and very hispid, terete, not obtusely-5-angular capsule.

3. M. sparsiflorum (A. DC. Monog. p. 128); stem branched from

the base; branches subdivided, hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliate,

denticulated; flowers shortly peduncled, solitary in the axils of the

upper leaves; tube of calyx spheroid, densely hairy ; lobes linear, long ;

capsule spherical, valves erect. DC. Prod. p. 421. M. Candolleanum,

Buck, 1. c. ex parte. Wahlenb. hispidula, Schrad. Campanula hispidula,

Link. enum. p. 215. :

Has. Cape of Good Hope. (Unknown to me.)

Root annual, filiform. Stem erect, 2-3 inches high ; branches divergent, terete,

hairy, often subdichotomously divided, alternate, lower ones opposite. Leaves

opposite or alternate, sessile, linear-lanceolate, 2-8 lines long, nearly 1 line wide,

rather hairy, incrassate on the margins; upper ones rather longer. Flowers on

rigid, 3-6-lines-long peduncles. Calyx 5-fid ; tube very hispid, 1 line long ; lobes

spreading, acuminate, leafy, subdenticulate, 2 lines long. Corolla tubular, 24 lines

long, 5-lobed at the apex, lobes erect, at length twisted. Style equalling the half

corolla. Capsule 5-celled, } superior ; inferior part spherical, 14 line long ; valves

the same length, opposite the calyx-lobes. I have not seen an authenticated speci-

men; all I have found in several herbariums are not different from small specimens

of M. hispidulum. Can it be the same ?

Sect. 2. Catorneca, A. DC., Prod. (Sp. 4.)

4, M. hispidulum (Sond.); stems much branched; branches diffuse,

hispid, very leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, marginate, sub-

denticulated, subciliated ; flowers subsessile or shortly pedicellate, ter-

566 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) | Wahlenbergia.

minal and axillary ; calyx-tube obovoid, hispid ; lobes linear-acuminate,

denticulate, leafy, longer than the tube; corolla as long or shorter than

the calycine lobes, 5-lobed at the apex ; capsule obconical, hispid. Cam-

panula hispidula, Thunb.! Prod, p. 38. Fl. Cap.p. 172. Willd. herbar.

Wahlenb. hispidula, A. DC. Monog. p. 155. Prod. p. 430. Microcodon

depressum, A. DC.! Prod. p. 422. Deless. Icon. Sel. vol. 5, t. 16. Herb.

Un. Itin. 150.

Has. Sandy hills in Swartland, Thunb., Sparrman, Bergius. Near Capetown, W.

H.H. Tablemountain, Z.¢Z. Betw. Elephantrivier and Bergrivier, Drege. Breede-

rivierpont, near Zwellendam, Zey. 3134. Sept.—-Oct. (Hb. Th., Holm., Hk., D., Sd.)

The annual root very long, white. Stem 2-4 inches high; branches 2-5 inches

long, lower ones opposite, dichotomously divided. Leaves 3-6 lines long, 1 line

wide ; floral ones or bracteze rather longer. Calyx-tube in flower 1 line, lobes 2-4,

sometimes 6-7 lines long. Corolla blue and white (Thb.), tubular-infundibuliform,

4-6 lines long. Stigma §-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, 2-2} lines long, crowned by

the rigid, elongated lobes, wholly inferior ; the valves are depressed, and not elevated

and superior, as in M. glomeratum. In some specimens, however, and chiefly in

the small ones, which I think to be MW. sparsiflorum, A. DC., there are rudimentary

or perfectly developed superior valves, about 3 line long.

XII WAHLENBERGIA, Schrad.

Calyx 5-3-fid. Corolla 5-3-lobed at the apex, rarely divided to the

middle, infundibuliform, subeampanulate, or tubulose. Stamens 5-3,

free ; filaments broad at the base. Style inclosed, pilose, particularly

in the upper part. Stigmas 5-2, often linear, short. Capsule 5-3-2-

celled, each opening by so many valves at the apex; valves with a

dissepiment in the middle ; cells (when 5) opposite to the calycine

lobes, Seeds numerous, minute. Schrad. in Catal. Hort. Goetting.

1814. A. DC. Monog. Camp. p. 129. Endl. gen. 3079. Campanula spec.

Tinn.

Herbs for the most part annual, sometimes perennial, rarely subshrubs. ‘Leaves

alternate, rarely opposite, generally most numerous towards the lower part of the

plant. Peduncles terminal and axilary, often elongated, dichotomous. Pedicels

often elongated, filiform, terminal or opposite to a leaf. Flowers at first drooping ;

the capsule erect. Name in honour of George Wahlenberg, professor of botany in

Upsala.

Sect. 1. CapsuLe 5-celled. (Sp. 1-8.)

Cor. §-fid, spreading, 2-coloured. Pedunc. long, 1 fi. (stem

Cor. 5-lobed at the apex, one coloured :

Glabrous (or pilose, at base only or rarely downy above) :

Cor. nearly as long ascalyx. Dichotomously branched (7) debilis.

Cor. 2-3ce as long as calyx:

Lvs. narrow-linear, denticled ; branches erect

(1) Capensis.

(2—4:Snchighy cei: ack ow es oe i (). pestatas

Lys. linear, acute, denticled ; br. divaricate (2-3 :

in. high) (i... 2 sa ee ae (gy) Geren

Lys. linear, acuminate, entire or subdenticled ;

stem 4-1 ft. high, glabr. above ; cal. lobes -

much longer than the tube ... ... ... ... (6) Ecklonit.

Lys. lanceolate, subpungent, denticled ; stem

4-6 in. high, downy above; cal. lobes a Vittle

longer than the tube... .., -. «+. ss (5) Oxyphyila.

Wahlenbergia. | CAMPANULACEE (Sond ) 567

Cor. 6-8 times longer than the calyx ; lvs. LE I

stem 3-4 in. high ... (4) decipiens.

Hispid, or covered in all parts with spreading hairs... (8) pilosa,

Sect. 2. CapsuLm 3, rarely 2-celled. (Sp. 9-46.)

A. Herbaceous. Leaves opposite (rarely some alternate). Caps 3-celled :

Tufted, depressed ; lvs. obovate or oblong lanceolate ... (14) montana.

Stem erect, or ascending, or prostrate ; branched ;

Lys. ovate, obovate, or ovato- lanceolate :

Cal. tube hairy, Stem erect. Pedune. termi-

nal, 1~2-fl. leafy... .. (9) flaccida.

Cal. hispid. Stem ascending. Pedicels axillary,

about as long as leaf (12) oppositifolia.

Cal. glabrous or appressed- pubescent. Lys. ob-

tuse. Stem creeping. Ped. twice as pad as

TS aeons ; . (13) procumbens,

Lys. linear or lanceolate ; eal. glabrous :

Lys, jalan rigid, pungent, denticled. Branches

(11) spinulosa.

og? Ee quite entire, " Branches 4-angled Ale stellarioides.

B. Herbaceous, Leaves alternate (the lowest sometimes op

*Fl, sessile or subsessile, Lvs, scattered, not rosulate or tufted at the base of

stem :

Leaves linear, denticled ... ... :.. +. «+ +s. (15) inconspicua,

Leaves petioled, obovate, obtuse. ... (16) acaulis,

**F il. peduncled ; pedunc. and pedicels short. Lys. ‘scattered,

not rosulate or tufted ;

Annuals :

Leaves flattish (not channelled), with revolute or thickened margins, with

acute but not spinous teeth ; caps. hemispherical or turbinate :

Patently hairy ; leaves ovate or ovate: lanceol. ;

cor. 4 times as long as calyx. igi hemi-

spherical ... . «. (21) polyclada,

Shortly hairy or “downy ; : Tvs. lanceol. or lin.

lanceol, ; cor. 2-ce as long as calyx; it tur-

binate... ... (20) paniculata.

Quite glabrous, or ‘subpilose near the base :

Oe 4} Bs ft. ; Lvs. linear, soi 6

? » terminal, shortl,

cor. 2<3 a longer than a sag (27) BowkKeri.

Glabr. or sub-pilose, a ft. ; Ivs. narrow-

linear, 3-4 l. long; fi - panicled cor. 2-ce :

as long asthe calyx... of (19) Banksiana.

gen ana A 4 ft. ; lvs. linear, “acuminate,

te ; panicle few-fl. ; cor. 4 longer

than Soc the tale 3 (26) Caffra.

Minutely downy, 3-4 in; Ivs. linear, 241

long ; panicle dichotomous, with long

pedicels ; cor. 3-4 times as long as calyx (18) ramulosa.

Leaves linear, channelled, toothed ; teeth 2-spinous :

Cal. tube turbinate. Cor. campanulate, 6 times

longer than cal. (22) prostrata.

Cal. tube hemispheric. “Cor. tubulose, 4-5 ‘times

longer than cal. (23) ingrata.

Leaves linear, flat, entire or - subentire, not ‘thickened at margin :—

Cal. tube obconical, hispid. Pedicels solitary.

Cor. 3-4 times longer thancal. ... ... ... (17) tenuis.

Capsule ovoid. Panicle dichot. Cor. 2-3 times

as long as calyx Deen soe vans ape one (24). OOBGYDA.

568 CAMPANULACE® (Sond.) | Wahlenbergia.

Caps. obovoid. Pedicels opp. leaves, the upper

panicled ; cor. 4 longer than the cal. ... ... (25) exilis.

Perennial. Leaves linear-filiform, fascicled ... ... ... (28) capillacea.

***Pedunc. and ped. elongate. Leaves crowded or often

rosulate at the base of the stem. Caps. 3 or 2 celled :—

Style naked, or with some glands below the stigma :

Pedicels erect:

Quite glabrous. Leaves linear lanceolate (29) denudata.

Hairy at the base :

Annuals :—

Caps. 2-celled, ovoid. Cor. 5-lobed

OE APCS = iss re eas

Caps. 2-3 celled, obconic. Cor. 5-

fid. Lys. ovate, oblong, or sub-

lanceol, undulated, crenate ... (32) undulata.

Caps. 3-celled, obovoid or spheroidal :

Lower lvs. obovate, obtuse ;

upp. lanceol, irreg, toothed ;

pedune, simple orforked ... (31) cernua.

Lys. subrosulate, obovate or

oblong-lanceol. undulated,

toothed ; pedune. forked ;

cal. lobes ovate, acute ... (36) arenaria.

Lys. crowded at base, and un-

dulately crenate, obovate

or lanceol. ; cal. lobes sub-

ulate, subinequal ... ...

Lys. rosulate, ovato-lanceo-

late, denticled ... ... ... (38) androsacea.

Perennials: caps. 3-celled

Caps. obovoid ; lvs. lanceol. mar-

gined, subentire ... ... ...

Caps. globose; lvs. lanceol. ser-

é toothed

oa rate, or Wee esc

Pedune. and pedicels divaricate; caps. 3-celled :

Caps. obovoid ; lvs. ovato-lanceol. leathery,

minutely denticled ; cal. tube as long as

SODON i5e FR GE FROGS 3 Bae (42) Wyleyana.

Caps. ovoid; lvs. ovate, acute, membra-

nous ; cal, tube 3 as long as the lobes... (43) patula,

Style with a tumid ring below the stigma:

we ge beens a oblongo-lanceolate :

vs. denticled, hairy; cor. 4 times longer

than cal. Bast :

(30) Meyeri.

(35) nudicaulis.

(33) Caledonica.

(34) Zeyheri.

: CAMs un. vee ee ose bee | eee ees = (39) dichotoma.

Lys. petioled, undulate-crenate, villous 3 cor.

6 times aslongascal. ... 2... 0. 2. (41) Namaquana.

Caps. globose. Lys. lin.-lanceol. denticled, pu-

bescent ; cor. 6 times as longascal. ... ... (39) annularis.

Caps. elongate, obovoid. Lvs, lin.-lanceol. cre-

nulate ; cor. 14 as long as the cal. (40) pauciflora.

C. Half-shrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, or subopposite, Caps. 3-celled,

_ Half-shrub. Lys. reflexed, lanceolate, acuminate, den-

ticled. Panicle large — (44) adpressa.

Shrub. Luvs. erect ieee oblo 5

entire. FI. axi -. (45) robusta.

Half-shrub. Lys e :

co, ee ... (46) epacridea.

on § 1. Capsule 5-celled. Seedsshining.

+ 1, W. Capensis (A. DC. Lc. p. 136, t. 18) ; stem erect, herbaceous,

Wahlenbergia.| | CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 569

simple or branched, hairy at the base ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or lan-

ceolate, pilose, irregularly toothed; peduncles elongated, 1-flowered,

glabrous ; tube of calx ovoid, very hairy ; lobes linear-lanceolate, ciliate,

one half shorter than the 5—fid spreading corolla; capsule obovoid, -

hairy. Campanula Capensis, Linn. spec. p. 240. Thunb. ! Prod. p. 39.

Herbar. ex parte. L. Z.! 2369. Mem. acad. Petersb. 4, p. 374, t. 6, f.

3. Bot. Mag. t. 782. Roella decurrens, Andr. bot. rep. t. 238, non

UHer. Camp. elongata, Willd, enum. h. Berol. suppl. p. 10, Wahlend.

elongata, Schrad ! cat. h. Goett. 1814. Herb. Unitin. 146. et 147. Zey.

1073, 3135.

Has. Grassy places in the Cape Flats, and in mountains near Capetown, Simon’s-

bay, Kampsbay, Rivierzonder Einde, in Zwartland, and near Tulbagh, Worcester.

Nov.-Dec. (Herb. Thunb., D., Hook, Holm., Sd.)

Stem 1-14 foot. Leaves often opposite in the lower part of the stem, about 1~2

inch. long. Flowers at first drooping, but, at length, nearly erect. Calyx covered

with recurved white hair. Calyx lobes 3 lines long. Corolla bluish-green on the

outside, dark blue inside at the bottom, but greenish at the origin of the lobes,

spotted with black within the lobes at the recesses, the lobes violaceous. Capsule

4 lines long.

2. W. costata (A. DC.! Prodr. p. 427); stem branched from the

base ; branches erect, subpilose by short hairs ; leaves linear, narrow,

acute, with thick, denticulate margins, the lower opposite, upper ones

alternate ; raceme elongate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; calyx

scabrous, tube hemispherical, shorter than the linear-acuminate, cilio-

late lobes; corolla cylindraceous, twice longer than the calyx ; capsule

broadly turbinate, 5-costate or 5-angular.

Has. Bergvalei, Novb., Drege, 6296. (Herb. D., Sd.) ¢

An annual, 2-4 inches high. Stem and branches reddish-brown. Leaves gla-

brous, or a little hairy, 4-6 lines, the upper ones often 8 lines long, 3-3 line wide.

Peduncles in the axils of the leaves, from the base of the branches, 1-3-flowered,

pedicels as long or shorter than the calyx. Corolla rarely 3 times longer than the

calyx. Lower part of capsule 1 line long, valves erect, a little shorter.

3. W. divergens (A. DC. ! Prodr. p. 427); stem branched from the

base; branches divergent, scabrous-hairy ; hairs minute vesiculiform ;

leaves linear, acute, glabrous, with thick, denticulated margins ; lower

ones opposite, the upper alternate; peduncles divaricate, dichotomous ;

pedicels longer than the leaf ; calyx scabrous; tube hemispherical,

shorter than the linear-acuminate, denticulate lobes; corolla cylindra-

ceous, twice longer than the calyx ; capsule broadly turbinate, 5-costate.

Has. Sandy hills near Ebenezar, Nov., Drege, 6299. (Also W. ramulosa, b. in

Herb., Sd.) (Herb. D., Sd.)

Distinct by the much spreading branches and pedicels. Annual, 2-3 inches high ;

branches opposite, upper ones alternate, ending in a divaricate racemose panicle.

Leaves 4 lines long. Pedicels 2--4 lines long. Calyx lobes minutely toothed.

Capsule 1 line long, the base twice longer than the valves, but nearly twice

shorter than the calyx lobes.

4. W. decipiens (A. DC. ! 1 c.); stem much-branched, erect, finely

scabrous; leaves opposite and alternate, linear, acuminate, subspinous,

rigid, subdenticulate; peduncles dichotomous, divaricate, disposed in

a terminal racemose-panicle ; bracts a little shorter than the pedicels;

679 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) _[ Wahlenbergia

calyx glabrous, with very short 5-gonous tube ; lobes reflexed, spread-

ing, rigid, cuspidate, as long as the tube; corolla tubulose, 5-lobed at

the apex, 6-8 times longer than the calyx ; capsule minute, 5-angular.

Has. Boschkloof, Clanwilliam, Dec., Drege, 6310. (Herb. Sd.)

Perennial, rigid, 3-4 inches high, Leaves approximate on the lower part of the

stem and branches. Leaves 2-3 lines long, } line wide. Pedicels rigid, 3-4 times

longer than the calyx, spinelike after the capsules have fallen. Corolla 3 lines long,

with linear lobes, white. Capsule hemispherical, not 1 line long, 5-celled, rarely

3-celled ; valves as long as the base of the capsule.

5. W. oxyphylla (A. DC.!1.c.); stem much branched from the

base ; branches subsimple, densely hairy, much leaved, ending in a

divaricate, dichotomous panicle ; leaves opposite, verticillate and alter-

nate, longer than the internodes, spreading, ovate-acuminate or lanceo-

late, rigid, subspinous, marginated, subdenticulate, rather canaliculate

above, hairy on both sides; panicle finely scabrous, pedicels thick,

rigid, longer than the leafy bracts; calyx hemispherical, tube shorter

than the subulate, entire lobes ; corolla tubulose, 5-lobed at the apex,

3-times longer than the calyx; capsule 5-angular.

Has. Mountains at Liliefontyn, Kamiesbergen, and near Kaus, Drege, 6313 ;

Namaqualand, Rev, H. Whitehead. Oct.-Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A perennial, very rigid herb, approaching W. deeipiens, but distinguished by the

dense, broader leaves, large panicle, with a very short, greyish indument, and larger

calyx and fruit. Root thick, with very long branches. Stem or its primary divisions 3

inches, terminated by an equal or longer diffuse panicle. Leaves 4-6 lines long,

1 line wide, with a white, spinous point. Primary divisions of the panicle 1-}

inch long, the upper shorter. Calyx in flower 1-4 line long. Corolla white, with

short lobes. _ Capsule hemispherical, tube 1 line long; lobes widely spreading, from

the same length, but twice longer than the valves of the capsule.

6. W. Ecklonii (Buek! in E. Z. enum. 2379); glabrous or hairy at

the base ; branches erect or ascending, terminated by a dichotomous

panicle ; leaves aggregated on the lower part, alternate or opposite,

linear, acuminate, entire or subdenticulated on the incrassate margins ;

panicle few, or many flowered ; peduncles short or elongate, capillary,

glabrous or minutely downy ; tube of calyx hemispherical; lobes

linear, setaceous, much longer than tube ; corolla tubulose, 5-lobed at

the apex, 2-3 times longer than the calyx; capsule hemispherical or

subturbinate, 5-costate or 5-angular, W. Swellendamensis, Buek! 1. ¢.

2383. W. turlunata et saxifraga, DC.! Prodr. p. 427. Drege, 6313. a

Camp. paniculata, Thunb. in Mem. acad. Petersb., IV. t. 7, f. 4, exel.

descript. p. 370, et Herb. Thunb. fol, 8, 2, Camp. paniculata, Herb. Ber-

gius et Swartz, ex parte.

Var. B. gracilis ; panicle loose, pedicels elongate, W. paniculata, E. Z.! 2882.

W. oxyphylla ; var. B. DC.! 1. ¢., W. Dregeana, D@.? 1. c. p. 428.

Van. y- pilosa ; tube of calyx, pilose, W. pentamera, DC. I. c. sg

Has. Rocky places, Winterhoeksberg, near Tulbagh, between Puspasvalle

Kcshesatnekioct, EL. § Z., Sadtiendaany, W. H. Harvey ; Gnadenthal, Dr. Pappe ;

Witsenberg, Zey. 1066. Rivier Zonder Einde, Zey. 3142; Piquetberg and Dutoits-

Kloof, Drege ; var. 8, Tulbagh, E. ¢ Z., Namaqualand, Drege, Rev. W. Whitchead ;

var. y. Wupperthal, v. Wurmb. Oct.-_Dec. (Herb. Holm., Thunb., Hook, Sd.) _

_ Habit of Lightf. denticulata, }~-1 foot high, quite glabrous or rather hairy on the

lower and very leafy part of the branches. Leaves 4-8 lines long, 4-1 line wide,

Wahlenbergia.| | CAMPANULACE® (Sond.) 571

glabrous, or a little hairy. Peduncles commonly longer (2-4 times), rarely as long,

or a little shorter than the calyx. Corolla 4~5 lines long. Capsule hemispherical,

or roundish or broadly-turbinate, glabrous or minutely downy, 2~3 times shorter

than the spreading lobes ; valves about equal to the base of capsule. It seems to be

an annual plant.

7. W. debilis (Buek! 1. c. 2370); stem herbaceous, much branched

from the base ; branches filiform, dichotomous, diffused, minutely hairy ;

leaves alternate or opposite at the base, lanceolate, with incrassate, den-

ticulated margins, glabrous ; peduncles elongate, axillary, and termi-

nal, capillary, 1-flowered ; tube of calyx hemispherical, twice shorter

than the setaceous lobes ; corolla tubulose, 5-lobed at the apex, nearly

as long as the calyx ; capsule subglobose.

Has. Sandy places in Zwartland, FZ. ¢ Z., Sept. (Herb. Sd.)

A small annual, 3-4 inches high, with opposite, lower, and alternate upper

branches. Leaves 3~4) lines-long, 1 line wide, upper ones narrow, 2-1 line wide,

spreading or recurved. Peduncles } inch long. Flower 1-11 line. Style glabrous,

as long as the corolla. Capsule, which I have not seen in a ripe state, is described

by Dr. Buek as §-celled, scarcely 1 line in diameter.

8. W. pilosa (Buek ! 1. c. 2385); stem herbaceous, much branched

from the base ; branches ascendent, hispid by white hairs ; leaves

alternate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, denticulated, hairy or sub-

glabrous ; flowers panicled ; peduncles as long or longer than the calyx ;

tube of caylx hemispherical, hispid, a little shorter than the linear

lobes ; corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, 3-times longer

than the calyx; capsule spherical, 5-costate, pilose. :

Has. Sandy places near Olifants river and Brackfontein, Clanwilliam, Z. ¢ Z.,

Sept. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Annual, } foot to a span high, quite similar to W. polyclada, DC., from which it

differs by smaller calyx-lobes and 5-costate, 5-valved, not terete, 3-valved capsule.

Leaves 4--6 lines long, nearly 1 line wide. Flowering calyx 2 lines, corolla 5--6

lines long. Capsule with spreading recurved calyx lobes, equal in length, but a

little longer than the valves.

§ 2. Capsule 3-celled, rarely 2-celled. (Sp. 9-46.)

9. W. flaccida (A. DC, Monog. p. 138); rather hairy; stem erect,

simple, rather leafy; leaves opposite and alternate, ovate, acute entire;

peduncle terminal, 1~-2-flowered, leafy ; tube of calyx hairy, ovoid ;

lobes lanceolate-acuminate, erect, equal ; corolla 5-lobed, one half

longer than the calyx lobes ; capsule ovoid-spherical, subangular.

DC. Prod. p. 428. Camp. flaccida, Masson. in Herb. Banks,

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Masson. Unknown to me.

Stem 3-4 inches high ; hairs short, rigid. Leaves sessile, 3-4 lines long, about 2

lines mc Calyx about 3 lines long, §-fid ; lobes flat. Capsule 24 lines long,

10-nerved.

10. W. stellarioides (Cham.! in Linnea, vol. 8, p. 196); glabrous

or nearly so ; stems ascendent, subczspitose, as well as the branches

filiform, tetragonal ; leaves opposite, approximate at the base, ovato-

lanceolate, or linear lanceolate, acute, with incrassate, revolute, quite

entire margins, glabrous or hairy on the middle nerve beneath; pe-

duncles terminal or axillary, solitary, naked ; tube of calyx glabrous,

572 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) | Wahlenbergia.

obconical ; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, erect; corolla infundibuliform,

5-fid, longer than the calyx-lobes ; capsule obconical.

Var. a. angusta ; leaves smaller ; pedicels longer than the flowers. W. stella-

vioides, Cham. l.c. E. § Z. 2387. DOC.! Prod. p. 428.

Vaz. 8. major ; leaves larger, pedicels shorter or as long asthe flower. W. in-

tegrifolia, DC.! t.¢.

Has. Hills between Bosjesman and Karregarivier near Grahamstown, and on

the Fishrivier, Albany, &. § Z., Drege. Caffraria, Krebs. 136. Capeflats, Ecklon.

near Salem, Zey. 3115. Var. 8. on the Keyriver, Drege. Albany, Mrs. PF. W.

Barber. Oct.Jan. (Herb. Sd., D., Hook.)

Perennial, } foot and longer ; branches glabrous, or a little hairy near the leaves.

Internodes short at the base, but 4-1 inch long in the middle of the branches.

Leaves sessile, lower ones more approximate and shorter, the upper about 4-5 lines

long, nearly 1 line wide. Pedicels erect, $-1 inch long. Calyx about 3 lines long.

Corolla 3 or twice longer than the calyx, broad, §-fid to the middle ; lobes acute.

Var. 7. is mere robust, the leaves are somewhat longer (6-10 lines), more rigid;

the flowers larger (6 lines long), on a shorter pedicel; the capsule the same.

Specimens connecting both forms are collected by Mrs. F. W. Barber.

11. W. spinulosa (A. DC. Monog. p. 155); plant humble, much

branched ; branches stiff, glabrous, or rather scabrous ; leaves narrow-

linear, glabrous or pilose, denticulated, rigid, ending in a hard point ;

tube of calyx glabrous, spherical; lobes with revolute ciliated margins ;

corolla narrow, 5-lobed at the apex ; capsule spherical DC. Prod.

p. 429. Camp. spinulosa, Bank's Herb.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. (Unknown to me.)

Stem and branches diffuse, 1-2 inches high. Leaves opposite, in the upper part

alternate, greyish, about 2-3 lines long. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary ;

the pedicels 3-4 lines long, equal, spreading, rigid, and appearing like spines after

the ca; have fallen. Calyx 5-fid. Corolla 3-4 lineslong. Style at top 3-lobed.

Cay 14 line long, opening by 3 valves. It comes near W. ( Lightfoot.) denticu-

fata, but is smaller, very much branched, and distinguished by shorter, ciliated

leaves, and rigid, shorter and ciliated calyx lobes (DC.)

12. W. oppositifolia (A. DC. Prod. p. 429) ; glabrous or subpilose ;

stem ascending, flexuous; branches tetragonal ; leaves opposite, ovate

or ovato-lanceolate, subacute at both ends, mucronulate, denticulated ;

pedicels axillary, as long or shorter than the leaf; tube of calyx his-

pid, hemispherical, nearly as long as the lanceolate, erect lobes ; co-

rolla a little longer than the calyx ; capsule subspherical.

Vaz. 8. erispa ; (DC. 1. c.) leaves crispate and whitish on the margins; pedicels

as long or a little longer than the leaf.

Has. Woods near Port Natal, Drege, Dr. Krauss, Gueinzius, 421. J. Sanderson,

Gerr. & MK, Albany, near the coast, Mrs. F. Barber. Var. 8. on the same lo-

eality. Jan.-Feb. (Herb. Sd., D., Hook.)

An annual herb, 1-2 feet long, ascending, or the filiform branches procumbent.

Leaves variable in size, in some specimens 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, in others

nearly t inch long, 4 lines wide ; the margins with obtuse but mucronulate teeth.

Pedicels capillary. Calyx in flower, 14-2 lines long. Corolla white. Capsule

hairy, rarely glabrous, as long as the spreading calyx lobes. Valves very short.

Pad

~~ .. 18. W. procumbens (A. DC. Mon t. 15); glabrous or sub-

re : og. p. 140, t. 15); glabr

Xo pilose ; Stem creeping, branched ; leaves opposite or verticillate, ovate,

\ . = : ‘ ss

IF elliptic or obovate, obtuse, nearly entire ; pedicels terminal and axil-

Wahlenbergia.| CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 573

lary, twice longer than the leaves; tube of calyx ovoid, as long as the

lobes, glabrous, or with short appressed hairs; corolla 3 times longer

than the calyx; capsule subspherical. Campanula procumbens, Thunb. !

fi. cap. p. 174, Mem. Acad. Petersb. 4, p. 375. Herb. Un. Itin. 154. E. &

Z. 2373.

Var. §. diversifolia ; leaves of the branches ovate, acute, or ovato-lanceolate.

W. diversifotia, A. DC. l. ¢. p. 139.

Var y. foliosa (A. DC. Prod. p. 429) ; stem and branches short; leaves smaller ;

pedicels often shorter.

Has. Watery places through the whole colony; very common in the Cape flats,

Jan.—April. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook, D., Sd.) :

Very similar to the preceding, but the whole plant is prostrate, the branches

usually shorter, the leaves roundish, obtuse, 2-3 lines long, 2 lines wide, only in

var. 8. narrower and acute, obsoletely crenate, the pedicels 1-4 times longer and

the corolla larger. The capsule the size of a small pea, glabrous, terminated by the

lanceolate calyx-lobes.

14, W. montana (DC. Prodr. p. 430); caespitose, dwarf, much

branched, branches short, villous, diffuse; leaves crowded, opposite,

and alternate, obovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, remotely denticulate,

marginate, ciliate at the base ; flowers solitary, terminal, shortly pedun-

culate; tube of calyx obconical, hispid ; lobes glabrous, laneeolate-

acuminate, marginate, entire or subdenticulate, as long as the tube;

corolla infundibuliform, 2—3-times longer than the calyx.

Var. 8. glabrata ; branches glabrous, leaves oblongo-lanceolate, sub-acuminate,

scarcely ciliate at the base. :

Has. Mount Katberg, 5-6000 ft., Drege ; var 8. Draakensteenberg, T. Cooper.

Nov. (Herb. Sd., Hook, D.)

A perennial, resembling the Alpine Edraianthus, prostrate, the twigs very

numerous, short, leafy. Leaves angustate at the base, 4-6 lines long, 14-2 lines

wide, glabrous, except the base. Peduncle 1-3 lines long, hairy. Corolla 4 inch

long, 5-lobed at the apex. Capsule crowned by the erect calyx-lobes.

15. W. inconspicua (A. DC. Prodr., p. 430) ; dwarf, glabrous ; stem

erect, terete, branched at the base; leaves erect, alternate, linear, den-

ticulate, lower ones opposite ; flowers terminal and lateral, sessile;

tube of calyx obconical, lobes linear, denticulate, acute, longer than

the tube ; corolla tubulose, 2-3 times longer than the calyx-lobes;

capsule turbinate.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Burmann. (Unknown to me.)

Root annual, simple, 2 inches long. Stem rigid, thickish, 2 inches high. Leaves

very narrow, 4-5 lineslong. Flowers few, 3 lines long. Valves of the capsule 3,

a little shorter than the calyx-lobes.

16. W. acaulis (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege) ; root elongate, simple ;

stem or branches very short, condensate ; leaves petiolate, hairy, lower

ones obovate, obtuse, subdentate, angustate in a longer ciliate petiole ;

the others lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, dentate, attenuate in a

shorter petiole; flowers sessile, terminal and lateral; tube of calyx

obovoid, terete, hairy, with nearly glabrous lanceolate, acute lobes ;

corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, 3 times longer than the

ealyx lobes. DC. Prodr. p. 430.

574 _ CAMPANULACE® (Sond.) = [ Wahlenbergia.

Has. Rocky places near Zilverfontein, 2000 ft.! Drege. (Herb. D., Sd.)

The annual root, several inches, the stems or branches 3-1 inch long. Larger

. leaves 3-6 lines long, 1-14 line wide, the petiole as long or somewhat longer ;

upper or interior leaves smaller and narrower, sometimes nearly linear. Flowers

3 lines long, lobes of corolla short, acute. All Drege’s specimens are in an insuffi-

cient state.

17. W. tenuis (A. DC. ! Prodr. p. 440) ; stems erect, as well as the

filiform branches shortly hairy, leafy; leaves sessile, alternate or the

lower ones opposite, linear-lanceolate or linear, entire, flat ; pedicels

solitary, capillary, hairy, as long or somewhat longer than the leaf;

calyx tube obconical, hispid, shorter than the linear-acuminate, hairy

lobes ; corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, 3-4 times longer

than the calycine lobes ; ovary 3-celled. ~

Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege, 6293. (Herb. Sd.)

A small annual, with elongate, simple roots. Stems 4-6 inches long, the middle

erect, lateral ones ascending ; branches short. Leaves scattered from the base to

the apex, nearly glabrous, 4-6 lines long, 7-1 line wide. Pedicels 3-4 lines long,

sub-terminal on the upper branches. Calyx 1 line long. Corolla blue. Style with

3-linear, revolute stigmas. Ripe capsules are wanting. I examined 7 flowers, but

never found a 2-lobed stigma, as indicated by Decandolle.

18. W. ramulosa (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege); stem erect, much

branched, branches terete, filiform, minutely downy at the base, gla-

brous and dichotomous at the apex ; leaves sessile, linear, acute, with

revolute margins, entire or subdenticulated, the lowest opposite ; pedi-

cels of the dichotomous panicle capillary, much longer than the oppo-

site bractea ; calyx glabrous, 5—costate, hemispherical or acute at the

base ; lobes subulate, as long as the tube; corolla 3-4 times longer

than the calyx ; capsule roundish, 5-costate. DC. Prodr. p. 432.

Has. Between Bergrivier and Nieuwekloof, and on Piquetberg, Drege ; Hassa-

quaskloof and on Breederiviersport, Zey. 3141; Steendaal, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe.

Oct.-Nov. (Herb. Sd., Hook, D.)

Annual, 3-4 inches high, very slender. Leaves in some specimens 2~3. in others

3-4 lines long, $-line wide, glabrous or minutely rough. Pedicels 4-12 lines long,

glabrous. Calyx in flower 1 line long. Corolla 5-lobed at the apex, 2-3 lines long.

Capsule 1 line long, with filiform, erect calyx lobes, a little longer than the valves.

19. W. Banksiana (A. DC. Monog., p. 154) ; stem erect, paniculate,

glabrous; leaves erect, linear, very narrow, remotely denticulated ;

panicle spreading; pedicels erect-spreading, 2-3 times longer than the

bractea ; calyx glabrous; tube hemispherical, nearly as long as the

linear lobes ; corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, twice longer

than the calyx; capsule hemispherical. DC. Prod. p. 430. Camp.

capillacea. Herb. Holm. ex pte.

Var. B.? Zey. ; stem leafless above the middle; panicle few-flowered ; calyx

lobes ciliate. z

Has. Cape. Thunberg, Wahlberg. Van. 8. Crocodile River, Burke § Zey., 1079-

Noy. (Herb. Holm., Sd., Hook.)

Perennial? 4-1 foot high. Stems several from the simple root ; branched from

the middle. Leaves alternate, erect or subappressed, 3-4 lines long, scarcely 4 line

wide, acute or acuminate. Panicle ending each of the branches, racemose, 6-12-

flowered. Pedicels 2-6 lines long. Flowering calyx 14-2 lines long. Corolla 3

lines long, with short, acute lobes. Capsule §-costate, 1 line long; the valves

Wahlenbergia.] CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 575

nearly as long as the spreading calyx-lobes. Var. 8 may be a different species, it

is only beset with alternate leaves on the lower part of the stem, which is a little

hairy near the base, and 2-3 times forked in the upper parts ; the leaves are quite

the same, 3--5 lines long ; calyx, corolla and capsule the same size.

20. W. paniculata (A. DC. Monog. p. 153); stem much branched,

hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate-acuminate, entire or sub-

denticulated, with incrassate margins ; peduncles dichotomous, longer

than the bractea and calyx, paniculate ; tube of calyx hairy, obovate

or turbinate, shorter than the linear, acuminate entire lobes ; corolla

infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, twice longer than the calyx;

capsule turbinate or obovate.

Var. a. Thunbergii; stem with short indument ; branches subflexuous, spread-

ing, leaves lanceolate-acuminate ; pedicels longish, forming a remotiflowered pani-

cle. Campanula paniculata, Linn. fil! suppl., p. 139 in Herbar. Alstroemer. § Ber-

gius. Thunb. / Prod. p. 38. Flor. Cap. p. 172. Herbar. fol. y. Mem. acad. Petersb.

IV., p. 370; description, but not the figure, t..7, f.4. Wahl. rudis, a, E. Mey. in

Herb. Drege, partim.

Var. 8. rudis; branches very numerous, often filiform, pilose or pubescent ;

leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; pedicels numerous, shorter than in var. a, forming an

irregular, many-flowered panicle. Camp. paniculata Thunb., herb. fol. B. 1. Wahlenb.

hispidula, E. Z. / 2384, excl. syn. W.rudis. EH. Mey. b. W. divaricata, E. Mey. a.

W. Dunantii A. DC. Monog. p. 152, E. Z.! 2384 (panicle more regular). .

Var. y. Massonii ; plant small ; leaves smaller, linear ; calyx pubescent or his-

pid, hemispherical ; capsule broadly cuneate or hemispherical. Camp. paniculata

Thunb. herb., fol. a. C. linearis, herb. Swartz., non Thunb., Wahlenb. Massonii, A.DC.

lic. p. 153, E.Z./ 2381. W. rudis, E. Mey. c.

Var. 5. glabrata ; stem and leaves nearly glabrous, calyx minutely rough or

with a few appressed, white hairs.

Has. var. a. Cape Flats, Ecklon, near Devilsmountain, Drege; var. 8. near

Table Mountain, Tulbagh and in Zwartland, £. §: Z., Langevallei and Olifantsriver,

Drege ; Prekstael, Zey. 1076 ; var. y.. Bergvallei, Clanwilliam, #. ¢ Z. ; Ebenezar,

Drege ; Vygekraal, Zey. 3410 ; var. 5. near Capetown, W. H. Harvey, Zey., Wallich.

Sept.-Nov. Herb. Thunb., Holm., Sd., Hook, D.)

Annual, very variable in size, from 3-inches to 1 foot high, generally branched

from the base only, simple to the middle. Branches erect or spreading. Leaves

scattered, 4-5 lines long, about i-line wide, often smaller, 2—3 lines long and nearly

linear, hairy or subglabrous, often quite entire. Peduncles 2-6; but im var. a. .

6-10 lines long, and more rigid. Calyx 2-24 lines long, tube usually cuneate, but

sometimes hemispherical in the same specimens, pubescent or hispid, the lobes very

narrow, erect. Corolla 3-4 lines long ; in var. . with a violet or blue tube. Cap-

sule 14--2 lines long ; the valves short.

21. W. polyclada (A. DC. ! Prod. p. 789); whole plant spreading,

hairy ; stem branched from the base, branches divergent, subangular

above ; leaves scattered, ovate-acute or ovate-lanceolate, with thick,

subrevolute, denticulate margins ; flowers panicled; pedicels shorter

than the bractea or the calyx ; tube of calyx hemispherical, shorter

than the acuminate lobes ; corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex,

4-times longer than the calyx; capsule hemispherical, W. pilosa, DC.

Prodr. p. 431.

Has. Sandy places near Ebenezar, Drege, Novb. (Herb., Hook, Sd.)

Except the larger leaves, shorter pedicels and roundish capsule, it is not to be dis-

tinguished from W. paniculata, var. B. rudis. Root annual. Branches 2-4 “inches

long, 3-4 lines long, leaves alternate. 1 line wide. Panicle leafy. Pedicels

576 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) — [ Wahlenbergia.

1-2 lines long. Calyx-lobes erect, a little broader than in W. rudis, Capsule

hairy, the valyes twice shorter than the calyx lobes,

22. W. prostrata (A. DC. ! Prodr. p. 431) ; branches divergent from

the base, simple, prostrate, terete, nearly glabrous; leaves scattered,

alternate and opposite, thickish, linear, incurved, channelled above,

acute, denticulated, teeth terminated by a minute bifid mucro, panicle

3-5 flowered ; pedicels as long or longer than the bractea or the calyx ;

tube of calyx turbinate, hairy or subglabrous ; a little shorter than the

ovate, acute, ciliate lobes; corolla 6-times longer than the calyx, in-

fundibuliform-campanulate, 5-lobed at the apex ; capsule hemispher'-

cal, glabrous, W.? prostrata, EH. Mey.

- Has. Between Zilverfontein, Kooperbergen and Kaus, Namaqualand, 2—3000

ft. Drege, Sept.-Oct. (Herb. Hook, Sd.)

Annual. Root 3-4 inches long, white, simple. Stems or branches scarcely longer

than the root. Leaves sessile, 3-4 lines long, 1 line wide, spreading-recurved,

rather fleshy, on each side with 6-8 minute bispinous teeth, glabrous or subpilose

near the base. Pedicels 1-2 lines long, minutely hairy. Calyx 1 line long. Corolla

nearly half an inch long, the lobes obtuse or apiculate. Stamens and trifid style

shorter than the corolla. Capsule crowned by the spreading recurved calyx-lobes.

23. W. ingrata (A. DC.! Prodr. p. 432); branches ascendent from

the base, glabrous, simple, ending in a 7-12-flowered panicle; leaves

scattered, alternate and opposite, thickish, linear, channelled above,

acute, denticulated; teeth terminated by a minute, bifid mucro ; pedi-

cels as long or shorter than the bractea or the calyx ; tube of calyx

hemispherical, hairy, nearly as long as the lanceolate denticulate, ciliate

lobes ; corolla 4—5 times longer than the calyx, tubulose, 5-lobed at the

apex ; capsule hemispherical, hairy. W. divaricata, b., L. Mey. in herb.

Drege (ex DC.) non litt. a.

Has. Sandy plains near the mouth of the Gariep, Drege. Oct. (Herb. Sd.)

Scarcely to be separated from the preceding, with which it has the long, white

roots, simple stems or branches and leaves. The difference lies only in the more

roundish calyx, with spreading hairs, and the narrow, not campanulate corolla.

Leaves 4-6 lines long, subpilose near the base. Pedicels glabrous. Capsule 1 line

long, equalling the recurved-spreading calyx-lobes and the valves of capsule.

24. W. oocarpa (Sond.); stems erect, subpilose ; branches filiform,

paniculated; leaves alternate, erect, linear, narrow, entire or indis-

tinctly denticulate, glabrous or subpilose ; panicle dichotomous; pedi-

cels erect-spreading, capillagy, 3-4 times longer than the bractea ;

calyx tube oval, glabrous ; lobes subulate, twice shorter than the tube ;

corolla tubulose, 5-lobed at the apex, 2-3 times longer than the calyx ;

capsule ovoid, terete.

Has. Sandhills on the Zwartkopsriver, Zey. 3140. Octob. (Herb. Sd.)

A slender annual, 4-6 inches high. Root longish, simple. Stem solitary, or 2-4,

often flexuous, dichotomously branched. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 4 line wide,

acute, sessile ; the lowermost opposite. Pedicels 4-6 lines long, glabrous. Flowers

small, calyx in flower 1 line, corolla about 2 lines long. Capsule 2 lines long, 3-

rarely 4-valved ; valves equaling the short, erect calyx lybes.

25. W. exilis (A. DC.! Monog. p. 151, t. xvi.) ; stem much-branched,

subpilose at the base ; branches glabrous, filiform ; leaves scattered,

Wahlenbergia.| | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 577

linear-acuminate, entire, with revolute margins, subpilose ; pedicels

capillary, opposite the leaf, often paniculate at top of the branches;

tube of calyx glabrous or minutely rough, obconical, lobes linear,

acute, erect, shorter than the tube; corolla tubular, 5-cleft at the

apex, one half longer than the calyx; capsule obovoid, narrow. DC.

Prodr. p. 432, E. Z.! 2377. W.claviculata, H. Mey. in herb. Drege.

Var. 8. major; plant stronger, stems numerous from the roots, leaves broader,

pedicels more distant, not panicled.

Has. Sandy places near Capetown, #. § Z7., W. H. Harvey; Paarl and Paarl-

berg, Bergriver, Dutoitskoof and Gnadenthal. Drege ; Stellenbosch, Ecklon; Kamps-

bay and near Caledon, Zey. 3143 ; Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe ; var. B. Cape flats, Ecklon ;

hills near Rivier Zonder Einde, Zey. 3142. Nov. (Herb. Hook, D., Sd.)

Annual, very slender, and commonly much branched, 2-4 ; var. 8. 6-12 ins, high.

Leaves 4-8 lines long, 4-1 line wide, alternate, or opposite at the base of the stem.

Pedicels numerous, 4-6 lines long, reddish, glabrous, erect or ascending. Calyx

in flower 1 line, in fruit oblong-cuneate 2 lines long, terete, striate, crowned by the

very short calyx-lobes, which are longer than the valves of capsule. The corolla is

scarcely longer than a line. Var 8. has the habit and size of W. paniculata, A. DC.

from which it differs by the leaves, flowers and narrow, longish capsule.

26. W. Caffra (A. DC. Prod. p. 432); stems erect, subpilose, simple

at the base, branched above, glabrous; leaves scattered, alternate,

opposite or ternate, numerous, linear-acuminate, serrulate, glabrous;

panicle few-flowered, coarctate ; pedicels as long as the bractea; tube of

calyx glabrous, obovoid, terete; lobes linear-acuminate, spreading at

the apex, reflexed on the margins, longer than the tube; corolla 5-fid,

tubulose, one half longer than the calycine-lobes ; capsule hemisphe-

rical, 1o-nerved. Lightfootia, 6307, Hb. Drege, fide, A. DC.

Has. Caffraria, Drege.

Root elongate, simple. Stems 3-4, leafy, 4 foot high. Leaves 3-4 lines long,

1 line wide. Flowers small. Capsule 3-locular, valves acute, a little shorter than

the calycine-lobes. Ihave not seen any authentic specimen. Drege’s, 6307, as

quoted by Decandolle, is Z. denticulata in herb. Sond.

27, W. Bowkeriz (Sond.) ; quite glabrous, stem erect, few-branched,

terete; leaves scattered, alternate, linear, acute or apiculate, denticu-

late on the incrassate margins; flowers terminal, 1-3, shortly pedicel-

late; tube of calyx hemispherical, shorter than the lanceolate

denticulate lobes; corolla infundibuliform, 2-3 times longer than the

calyx, deeply 5-lobed ; capsule hemispherical, 10-nerved.

Has. Somerset, Miss Bowker. (Herb. Hook.)

The herbaceous (annual?) stems 1 foot or more high, leafy from the base to the

flowers. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1 line wide, erect, acute or obtuse, with a minute

mucro ; the margins whitish, with 3-6 very small teeth. Peduncles 2—4 lines long,

with 1 or 2 minute bracts. Calyx 14 line long. Corolla with ovate, acute lobes.

capsule with erect calycine lobes, longer than the valves.

28. W. capillacea (A. DC.! Monog. p. 156) ; stems erect, simple,

rarely branched, glabrous, but minutely hairy at the base; leaves

numerous, alternate, fasciculate, linear-filiform, entire, with revolute

margins ; panicle terminal, leafless ; pedicels filiform, 2-6 times longer

than the bractea; tube of calyx hemispherical, lobes linear-acuminate

longer than the tube ; corolla infundibuliform, 3-4 times longer than

VoL, I. 37

578 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) _—[ Wahlenbergia.

the calyx, 5-lobed at the apex; capsule hemispherical, Z. & Z. 2386.

Campanula capillacea, Thunb.! Prod. p. 38, Mem. Acad. Petersh. T, IV.

p. 306, t. 5, f. 4, Fl. Cap. p. 170, excl. syn., Willd.

Has. Stony places amongst grasses on the Van Stadesmountains, Uitenhage,

Zaureberge, and near Grahamstown, Albany, #. § Z., Dreye, Sir C. Bunbury,

Miss Bowker, Zey. 3144. May-Jul. (Herb. Thunb. ! Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

A perennial herb (Zey.), 1-14 foot. Leaves approximate on the lower and the

middle part of the stems, not at the base, 3-6 lines long, nearly terete, incurved or

a little hooked at the apex, with many smaller ones in the axils ; glabrous, rarely

pubescent. Racemose panicle 2-4 inches long. Flowers 4 inch long, blue. Cap-

sule 1 line long, crowned by erect calycine lobes.

29. W. denudata (A. DC. Monog. p. 147); quite glabrous; branches

ascendent, slender, few-flowered; leaves linear-lanceolate, with undu-

lated, whitish, nearly entire margins ; peduncles elongated, nearly naked ;

tube of calyx obconical, elongate ; lobes linear-acuminate, entire, gla-

brous, as long as the tube; capsule elongated, pyriform, 3-celled. DC.

Prod. p. 435.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Burchell, 2769. (Unknown to me.)

Habit of W. Capensis, perhaps annual. Stem 1 foot high, leafy at the base.

Leaves nearly as in W. lobelioides, 6 lines long, 1 line broad, greyish green, with

white edges. Flower solitary, terminal, with a small axillary alabastrum in the

specimen collected by Burchell. Calyx-tube in flower about 2 lines long, the lobes

2-3 lines long, with revolute margins. Corolla unknown. Capsule 4 lines long,

scarcely 1} line broad, probably 3-valved, Seems only a variety of W. cernua.

30. W. Meyeri (DC. Prod. p. 439); glabrous, hairy below ; stem

branched from the base ; branches as well as the stem erect, naked,

dichotomous ; leaves aggregate or subrosulate at the base, obovate or

obverse-lanceolate, acute, with undulate whitish margins, membrana-

ceous; bractez linear-acuminate, minute, entire ; peduncles dichoto-

mous, capillary; tube of calyx obovoid, as long as the ovate acute lobes;

corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, 3 times longer than the

calyx-lobes ; capsule obovoid, 2-celled. W. cernua, E. Meyer in Herb.

Drege, non. A. DC.

Has. Rocks on the Kamiesbergen near Leliefontein, Ezelskop and Roodeberg,

3-5000 ft. Drege, Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)

A very slender annual, with the habit of W. androsacea. Stem filiform, 3-1 foot

high ; branches generally smaller, the outer ascendent. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 3-5

lines wide, ciliate, hairy at the angustate base, on the surfaces with few white hairs ;

bractez about 1 line long. Pedicels at flowering time 1-3 lines, fruit bearing 4-6

lines long. Calyx not 1 line, corolla 2-24 lines long. Capsule striate, 1 line long,

terminated by the very minute calyx-teeth,

31. W. cernua (A. DC. Monog. p. 148); branched from the hairy

base, glabrous above; branches erect, slender; leaves irregularly toothed ;

lower ones opposite, obovate or ovate-obtuse, middle ones alternate,

ovate-lanceolate, acute, angustate at the base ; bracteze minute, linear ;

—— simple or dichotomous ; tube of calyx glabrous, obovoid, as

ong as the lanceolate, ciliolate lobes ; corolla infundibuliform, sub-5-

fid, 3 times longer than the calyx ; capsule obovoid, 3-celled. Cam-

panula cernua, Thunb.! Prod. p. 39. Mem. Acad. Petersb. t. 4, p. 374+ +-

7,f-1. Herb, Un. Itin. 148, Sieb. cap. 243. E. § Z. 2372. W. gracilis, E.

Mey. in Herb. Drege,non A. DO. Zeyh. 1074, 3136, 3139-

Wahlenbergia.] | CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 579

Var. 8. minor ; branches filiform, the lateral ascending ; lower leaves petiolato-

attenuated ; flowers and capsule smaller. W. ciliolata, A. DC. Prod. p. 436, ex pte.

W. variabilis, var. pumila, E. Mey. Drege, 6286.

Var. y. erect, leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, often margined, capsule elon-

gate, pyriform, W. ciliolata, A. DC. 1. c. ex pte, Drege, 6282.

Has. Sandy stony places on mountains near Capetown, in Caledon, and in Tul-

baghskloof. Var. 8. Dutoitskloof and Paarlberg, Drege. Var. y. Paarlberg, Drege.

Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe. Hassaquaskloof, Zeyher. Port Natal, Drege, Ger. ¢ MK.,

tg0r, Oct.~Nov. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., D., Hk., Sd.)

Very variable in habit and size ; small specimens with ascendent, filiform branches

2~4 inches long, the largest more erect, 14-2 feet high, more or less branched.

Leaves numerous at the base, but not rosulate, 4 lines to 1 inch long, 2-5 lines broad,

the middle and upper ones denticulate or nearly entire. Peduncles much elongated,

1-flowered, filiform. Calyx 1-2 lines long. Corolla drooping in the bud state, white

at the base ; the lobes blue. Capsule in var. a. 2-3 lines long; in var. y. 4 lines

long, 1}—2 lines broad.

32, W. undulata (A. DC. Monog. p. 148) ; stem ascendent or erect,

branched, hairy at the base, naked and glabrous at the apex ; leaves

sessile or somewhat clasping, alternate, rarely opposite, ovato-oblong or

ovato-lanceolate, coarsely crenated or toothed, sinuated and undulated,

marginate ; peduncles elongated, few flowered, rarely repetito-dichoto-

mous; calyx glabrous ; tube obconical ; lobes ovate, acute, or acumi-

nate, ciliolate ; corolla large, 5-fid, infundibuliform, 3-4 times longer

than the calyx; capsule obconical, 2 or 3-celled, striate. Campanula

undulata, Linn. fil. ! Suppl. p.142. Thunb. Prod. p. 39, fl. Cap. p. 173.

E. § 2.2373. Wahlenbergia, Cham.! in Iinnea 8, p. 194. W. Chamis-

soniana, G. Don. Gen. Syst. 3,p. 740. DC. Prod. p. 439. W. bilocularis,

A, DC.! Prod. p. 439. Zeyh. 1068, 3137. Drege, 4003, 6280, 6281.

Var. B. glabrata; glabrous, or the leaves hairy on the middle, now beneath.

W. striata, A. DC. 1. c. Krebs! Herb. Reg. Berol. 133.

Var. y. macrantha ; (Cham. 1. c.) flower nearly an inch broad.

Has. Zwartland, near Bergriver, Thunb. Tulbagh, Zeyh. District of George, Dr.

Pappe, Mundt. Albany, £. § Z., Drege, H. Hutton. Uitenhage, FE. Z. Orange

Free State, district of Albert. 7. Cooper, Caffraria, Krebs. Drege, to Port Natal,

Dr. Grant, Williamson, Plant, Gueinzius, Gerrard, 871. Sanderson, 102, 380, 458.

Sept.-Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hk., Dr. Berol. Sd.)

A rigid annual, well known from all the other species by the undulate, crenated,

coriaceous, margined leaves. Stem }—1 feet high, subangulate by the decurrentleaves;

much leafy from the base, and generally clothed with white spreading hairs ; bran

as long, or often much longer than the stem, naked or leafy at the base, terminated

by the quite naked, simple, or near the apex, 2-3-times forked, peduncles, each of

which bears 2~—5 pedicellate flowers, Leaves spreading, about 1 inch long, 3-4

lines wide, larger or smaller in different specimens, hairy, especially in the young,

not flowering branches, but sometimes quite glabrous ; upper ones gradually smaller

and narrower, those at the base of the peduncles 3—1 line long, entire. Pedicels in

flower short, in fruit 3-1 inch long, glabrous as the peduncles and flowers. Calyx

variable in size, 1-3 lines long ; lobes mostly broad, acute, shorter than tube, but

sometimes as long or a little longer, acuminate. Corolla blue, 4-1 inch in diameter,

with aeute lobes. Style with two glands below the stigma. Capsule 4-6 lines long,

1o-nerved, crowned by the erect short calycine lobes. Valves 2 or 3 in the same

peduncle. Seeds oblong or ovoid. It varies also, but rarely with 1 flowered,

much elongate peduncles, and flattish, but always distinctly undulate leaves.

33. W. Caledonica (Sond.); stem erect, branched, leafy, hairy, naked

and glabrous at the apex ; leaves sessile, alternate, lanceolate or linear-

aes

580 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) —[ Wahlenbergia.

lanceolate, marginate, quite entire or obsoletely denticulate, coriace-

ous; peduncles elongated, dichotomous, pedicels longish, 1-flowered ;

tube of calyx hemispherical, glabrous ; lobes ovate, lanceolate, ciliolate ; _

corolla infundibuliform, 5-fid, twice longer than the calyx-lobes ; cap-

sule obovoid.

Has. Caledon river, Burke § Zey. 1069. Dec. (Herb. Hook, D., Sd.)

Perennial (Zey.), 2-3 feet high, near the preceding, but stem and branches more

slender, leaves smaller, not undulated nor crenated, and calyx-tube larger. Stems

with spreading hairs. Leaves scattered, not much longer than the internodes, $ inch

long, 14-2 lines wide, with 4-8 very minute teeth on the thickened margins ; upper

ones very small and linear. Peduncles 3-4 times forked at the apex. Pedicels

1 inch long or longer. Calyx 1-14 line long, lobes broad at the base. Corolla

smaller than in smallest-flowered forms of W. wedulata, Capsule 2 lines long, obo-

void or nearly hemispherical ; the valves short.

34. W. Zeyheri (E. Z.! Enum, 2374); stem erect, simple or branched,

hairy or glabrous above; leaves alternate, sessile, ovate-lanceolate or

lanceolate, lower ones angustate at the base, petiolate, marginate, den-

tate or serrate, acute; peduncles elongate, leafless, simple or dichoto-

mous, few-flowered; pedicels filiform; tube of calyx hemispherical,

lobes lanceolate-acuminate, twice larger than the tube ; corolla infun-

dibuliform, twice larger than the calyx; capsule globose. W. varia-

bilis, LZ. Meyer, in herb. Drege, excl. var. pumila. DC. Prodr. p. 436.

. Var. f. Krebsiana (DC.! 1. c.); hairy all over or glabrous above; stem subsimple ;

leaves oblong-cuneate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, coarsely dentate, glabrous or hairy

beneath. W. Krebsii, Cham./ in Linnea 8, p. 195.

Var. y. linearis ; glabrous or hairy near the base ; stem erect, slender: leaves

scattered,.linear, }—} inch long, 1 line wide, ciliate-serrate ; peduncles elongate.

Var. 5. Natalensis ; stem very leafy. hairy; leaves elongated, linear-lanceolate,

sharply serrate, hairy beneath, 2 inches long, z lines wide ; peduncles elongate, gla-

brous, dichotomously panicled.

Has. Mount Winterberg, near Philipstown, FZ. 4: Z.; Mount Katberg, Drege ;

district of Albert, 7. Cooper; var. 8. in Caffraria, Krebs. 134, T. Cooper ; Kreili’s

Country, H. Bowker ; Transkei, Mrs. F. W. Barber ; Albany, Col. Bolton, H.

Hutton, T. Williamson ; var. yy. Katberg, 4-5000 ft., Zey.; var 5. Port Natal.

Sanderson, W. F. Gerrard, 785. Oct.-Feb. (Herb. D., Hook, Sd.)

Perennial herb. Small specimens, 3-4 inches high, mostly simple, larger ones

1-14 foot, more or less, but not much branched. Leaves in var. a. ef B. more

numerous near the base; the lowest much attenuated to the base, about 1 inch long,

3-4 lines broad ; in other specimens smaller. Middle leaves 1-4 inch long, 2-1 line

wide. In var. y. the lower leaves are not broader than the upper ones. Peduncles

terete, varying with 3-flowered to a dichotomously many-flowered loose panicle.

Pedicels short, or 1 inch long. Calyx-tube 1 line, lobes 2 lines long. Corolla blue,

3 inch long and broad, with acute lobes. Style without glands near the stigma.

Capsule the size of a small pea.

35. W. nudicaulis (A. DC. Monog. p. 149) ; stems erect, branched,

hairy at the base, glabrous and nearly naked above; leaves approxi-

mate at the base, obovate or lanceolate, undulately crenated, subpilose,

whitish on the margins, peduncles dichotomous; calyx glabrous, with

a nearly spherical tube, lobes subulate, subunequal, entire, as long as

the tube; corolla broadly funnelshaped, deeply 5-fid, 3 or 4 times

longe ae ee ‘ealycine lobes; capsule spherical. Camp. diffuse,

Wahlenbergia.] | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 581

Var. 8. flowers larger. Camp. elongata, herb. Banks.

Has, Cape of Good Hope. (Unknown to me.)

Root cylindrical, whitish. Stems very numerous, 1, in var. 8. 14 foot high, often

dichotomous. ‘Leaves nearly all at the base of the plant, obtuse or acute, 1-2

inches long, 4-6 lines broad. Flowers very numerous, terminating the slender,

naked pedicels. Tube of calyx scarcely 1 line long. Corolla at top about 4 lines

broad. Capsule 2 lines long, glabrous, 3-valved. It is larger than W. androsacea,

and differs by the diffuse branches, DC. According to the description it must be

very near W, arenaria.

36. W. arenaria (A. DC. ! Prodr. p. 436); stems simple or branched

from the hairy base ; branches naked, dichotomous and glabrous above ;

leaves rosulate or approximate at the base, obovate or oblong-lanceo-

late, acute or acuminate, irregularly toothed, glabrous or hairy ; bracteze

minute, acuminate; calyx glabrous, tube obovoid, about as long as

the lobes; corolla infundibuliform, 5-fid, 2-3 times longer than the

calyx ; capsule obovoid or subspherical, 3-celled. W.androsacea, E. Z.!

23760. W. nudicaulis, H. Z.! 2375, Zey. 3138.

Var, 8. Verreauxii ; corolla one half or twice longer than the calyx, W. Ver-

yeaucit, A. DC.! 1l.c. W. semiglabra. DC. !1. ¢. p. 437. W. nudicaulis, EB. Z. ex pte.

_ Var. y. sphaerocarpa ; plant dwarf ; corolla one half longer than the calyx ; cap-

sule spherical. W. sphaerocarpa, A. DC.! 1c.

Var. 5. lasiocarpa ; calyx tube and capsule ellipsoid, densely beset with short

hairs ; corolla one half longer than the calyx-lobes.

Has. Sandy places, var. a. B. ef y., near Capetown, in Zwartland, Caffraria,

Namaqualand, and in the districts of Albany, Uitenhage, to Port Natal ; var. 6. in

Namaqualand, Drege. Sept—Nov. (Herb. Hook, D., Sd.)

Annual, 3 inches to 1 foot’and more high, variable in habit. Stem or branches

erect, hairy at the lower part, rarely to the middle. Leaves in some specimens all

rosulate, in others radical, and on the lower part of the stem 1-2, sometimes 3

inches long, 3-4 lines broad, more or less petiolated, crenulate. dentate, rarely

pinnatifid-toothed at the base, hairy on both sides, or glabrous above or quite gla-

brous. Peduncle in the small specimen simple, few-fiowered, in the largest 4-5

times forked ; pedicels filiform, 3-2 incheslong. Calyx 1-11 line long, lobes ovate

acute or lanceolate-acuminate. Corolla blue, with ovate, acute lobes. Style with

4 glands at the base of the stigma. Capsule 2-3 lines long, 14-2 lines broad,

sometimes only 1 line long and broad, crowned by the erect calycine-lobes, which are

generally very short in var. 8., a little longer in var. 5, as long as the capsule. The

small specimens with rosulate leaves are scarcely to be distinguished from W. andro-

sacea, DC., with which W. nudicaulis and W. arenaria perhaps must be united,

87. W. dichotoma (A. DC.! Prodr. p. 437); stems many from the

base, erect, dichotomous, glabrous, or a little hairy near the base,

nearly naked; leaves approximate or subrosulate at the base, oblongo-

lanceolate or lanceolate, or sublinear, shortly petiolate, denticulated,

hairy; bractee minute, glabrous; peduncles dichotomous ; calyx gla-

brous, tube obconical, as long as the erect linear lobes ; corolla 5-fid,

4 times longer than the calyx ; capsule obconical, 3, rarely 2-celled.

Pay 8. simplex ; stem simple, slender ; leaves densely hairy. W. parviflora, A.

~ &

Has. Hills near Ebenezar, Drege, 6285; var. 8. Bergriver, Drege, 6290. (Hb. Sd.)

Root simple, several inches long. Stems 3-5 inches in var. B., to 1 foot high.

Leaves 4-1 inch long, 1-3 lines wide, spreading-hairy. Peduncles 3-6 times dicho-

tomous. Flowers very small. Calyx 1 line ; corolla 3 lines long, deeply 5-fid.

Capsule 2 lines long ; valves obtuse, a little shorter than the calyx-lobes. Style,

582 CAMPANULACE# (Sond.) = [ Wahlenbergia

with a ring below the 3-fid stigma. The corolla is not tubulose in W. dichotoma, as

described by Decandolle, but quite the same as in W. parviflora.

38. W. androsacea (A. DC. Monog. p. 150, t. 19, f. 1); stem simple,

naked, few-flowered, glabrous; radical leaves rosulate, ovato-lanceolate,

shortly petiolate, acute, denticulated, hairy; peduncles dichotomous;

bractez glabrous ; calyx glabrous, tube hemispherical, lobes triangular,

entire, a little shorter than the tube; corolla broadly infundibuliform,

deeply 5-fid, 2-3 times longer than the calyx ; capsule spheroid, 3-celled.

DC. Prodr. p. 437. Camp. Burch. catal. pl. Afr. 2273.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Burchell. (Unknown to me.)

Root simple. Stem erect, 5 inches high, twice dichotomous at top, and nearly

naked, except the bracteze at the base of the pedicels. Flowers blue? Stigmas 3,

at the base with some glands.

39. W. annularis (A. DC. ! Prodr. p. 437); stems erect, branched,

pubescent at the base, glabrous above; leaves aggregated at the base,

linear-lanceolate, denticulated, pubescent; bracteze linear, glabrous;

peduncles dichotomous ; calyx glabrous, tube turbinate, lobes ovate,

acute, about as long as the tube; corolla broadly infundibuliform,

deeply 5-fid, 6 times longer than the calyx ; capsule globose, 3-celled.

Has. Bergvalei. Nov. Drege, 6288. (Herb. D., Sd.) ;

Annual. 13-2 feet, branches terete, stem-like, forked at top. Leaves numerous

at the base, scattered on the lower part of stem and branches, 1-2 inches long, 1-2

lines wide, narrower at the base, minutely toothed ; upper ones on the base of the

forks, smaller, bract-like, glabrous. Pedicels 1-1} inch long. Corolla 8—10 lines

broad, blue, lobes broadly ovate, spreading. Style with a tumid ring at the base of

the rather large 3-fid stigma. Capsule the size of a pea, 10-ribbed ; tube scarcely

longer than the ovate, acuminate, spreading recurved, calycine-lobes, which are a

little longer than the obtuse valves of capsule.

40. W. pauciflora (A. DC.! Prodr. p. 437); stem erect, simple,

terete, glabrous, ending in a few dichotomous peduncles ; leaves aggre-

gated at the base, linear-lanceolate, obtuse or apiculate, crenulate, hairy ;

bractez linear, glabrous ; peduncle elongated ; few-flowered ; calyx gla-

brous, tube narrow-obovoid, lobes linear, acuminate, corolla broadly

infundibuliform, 5-fid, one half longer than the calyx-lobes ; capsule

elongate obovoid.

Has. Rocky places, Pedroskloof to Liliefontein, 3-4000 ft. Nov. Drege. (Hb. Sd.)

Distinguished from W. annularis by the ovary and elongated calyx-lobes. Root

annual, perpendicular, stem 1 foot. Leaves 14 inch long, 2 lines wide, radical and

on the lower part of the stem, attenuated at the base, subpetiolated, glabrous

above, with rigid hairs beneath, Peduncle 1-2 inches long. Flowers'as in W.

annularis, but the calyx-lobes nearly 3 lines long. Ovary 3-celled. Stigmas 3, at

the base with a tumid ring. Ripe capsule unknown.

41, W. Namaquana (Sond.) ; stems erect, terete, simple, villous at

the base, glabrous and naked above; leaves radical, oblong-lanceolate,

attenuated or petiolate at the base, undulately crenate, acute, villous

or hairy at both sides; bracte minute, glabrous ; peduncles dicho-

tomous, elongated, few-flowered; calyx glabrous, tube broadly obcon!-

cal, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the tube ; corolla broadly

infundibuliform, deeply 5-fid, 6-times longer than the calyx-lobes.

Wahlenbergia.| | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 583

Has. Modderfontyn, Namaqualand, Rev. H. Whitehead. (Herb. D.)

Annual, nearly 1 foothigh. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 3-4 lines wide, or smaller,

all radical, rosulate, or a few lanceolate at the base of the shortly pubescent stem ;

hairs on the leaves, white. Peduncle 2-3 times forked ; pedicels 1-3 inches long.

Tube of calyx 1 line, lobes 14 line long. Corolla 8-12 lines broad, lobes ovate,

acute. Style shorter than the corolla, with a tumid ring below the 3-fid stigma.

42. W. Wyleyana (Sond.); stems many, dichotomously branched,

glabrous, branches spreading, divaricate ; leaves aggregated at the

base, ovato-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, subpilose, coria-

ceous, minutely denticulated on the thickened margins; bractez lan-

ceolate or linear, upper ones minute ; peduncles dichotomous; calyx

glabrous, tube broadly obcouical, about as long as the acuminate lobes ;

corolla broadly infundibuliform, 5-lobed at the apex, 3-times longer

than the calyx-lobes; capsule obovoid, 3-celled.

Has. Namaqualand, A. Wyley. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Near the following and preceding ; from the last it differs by much branched

stems with divaricate peduncles, smaller, coriaceous leaves and much smaller flowers.

From W. patula it is distinguished by glabrous branches, coriaceous, smaller leaves

and flowers and shorter calyx-lobes. Stems 1-14 foot high. Radical leaves 1 inch,

2-3 lines wide, ciliated-hairy at the base and on the middlenerve beneath ; stem

leaves none, or a few smaller, Peduncles 3-5-times dichotomous, filiform ; pedicels

1-1} inch. Calyx 1 line, corolla 3 lines long. Style without gland or ring. Cap-

sule 2 lines long, crowned by the twice shorter spreading calyx-lobes ; valves obtuse.

43. W. patula (A. DC.! Prod. p. 436); stem much branched from

the base, diffuse, hairy at the base, glabrous above; branches divari-

cate, dichotomous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, membranous, gla-

brous, coarsely dentate, upper ones lanceolate ; bractese minute, linear

or wanting ; calyx glabrous, tube hemispherical, twice shorter than the

linear acuminate lobes ; corolla infundibuliform, sub 5-fid, twice longer

than the calycine-lobes ; capsule ovoid, 3-celled.

ne ee on the Gariep, Drege, 3070, Namaqualand, A. Wyley. (Hb.

Or >

Root ann simple. Branches leafy, leaves alterna‘ i we

inches ee ae inch wide, wit Wise, acute or siitsdaks rid ar ad

pedicels much divaricate. Corolla blue, 3 lines long. Style without gland or ring.

Capsule 2 lines long, terminated by the erect calyx-teeth of the same length.

44, W. adpressa (Sond.); stem erect, woody, simple or branched ;

branches ending in a large, compound, spreading panicle ; leaves

reflexed, lanceolate-acuminate or linear-lanceolate, denticulate on the

incrassate margins, glabrous, ciliate at the base ; bracteze very small ;

icels filiform ; calyx tube hemispherical; lobes subulate, longer ;

corolla tubulose, glabrous, semi 5-cleft, 3-times longer than the calyx-

lobes ; capsule hemispherical. Camp. adpressa Thunb.! Prodr. p. 38,

Mem. acad. Petersb. T. IV., p. 368, t. 7, f.2. ILnghtfootia? adpressa,

A. DC. Monog. p. 110. Prod. p. 417.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Thunb., Ebenezar, Drege, Lightfootia, 6309 ; Branden-

burg, Capedowns, Zey. 1064. Nov.-Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Hook, D., Sd.)

Subshrub 2-4 feet high, more or less branched, branches angular by the decur-

rent leaves, greyish. Leaves aggregate on the lower part, opposite or ternate,

about half an inch long, 1 line wide, rigid or subspinous toothed on the margins ;

584 CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [Leptocodon.

upper leaves scattered, gradually smaller. Panicle sometimes 1 foot or more long,

branches spreading or divaricate, glabrous ; pedicels 2-4 lines long. Calyx 1 line

long ; corolla 3-4 lines long, with lanceolate lobes, Capsule 1 line long; valves

equalling the erect, rigid calycine-lobes. Seeds ovoid. This species connects the

genera Wahlenbergia, and Lightfootia ; the habit is that of the last, but the corolla

and ovoid seeds belong to Wahlenbergia.

45. W. robusta (Sond.); shrubby, glabrous, branches woody, dif-

fuse, rigid, terete, sub-spinescent ; leaves fasciculate or solitary, very

shortly petiolate, oblong, attenuate at the base, obtuse or mucronulate,

quite entire, marginated; flowers in the axil of the leaves, solitary,

rarely geminate or ternate ; pedicels shorter than the leaf, tube of

calyx hemispherical, lobes subulate ; corolla tubular, 4—5 times longer

than the calyx; capsule hemispherical, 5-costate. Lightfootia? robusta,

DC.! Prodr. p. 427. Wahlenb. rigida, Bernh.! in pl. Krauss Flora, 1845.

Has. Hills near Zwaanepoelpoortberg, 2-3000 ft., Drege ; Grootrivier, Uiten-

hage, E. § Z. ; Mount Winterhoek, Dr. Krauss. April-Aug. (Herb. Sd.)

ranches alternate, reddish-brown ; twigs short, divergent. Leaves 4—6 lines

long, 1-1} line wide, coriaceous, mostly fasciculate. Pedicels 2-3 lines, calyx 1

line long. Corolla semi-5-cleft, lobes lanceolate. Style as long as the corolla ;

stigma 3-fid, revolute. Capsule 1 line long; the valves a little longer than the

calyx-lobes. Seeds obovoid,

46. W. epacridea (Son.); stem woody; branches erect, simple,

minutely pubescent, leaves appressed, imbricated, broadly ovate, acu-

tish, entire or with a few short, bluntish teeth, pubescent; flowers

aggregated in a terminal, oblong, leafy spike; calyx-lobes pubescent,

ovate, acuminate ; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, twice or three times

longer than the calyx.

Var. 8. glabrata ; branches and leaves glabrous or nearly so, leaves ovate,

acuminate.

Has. Port Natal, Zulu plains, Gerrard and M‘Ken, 1502 ; var, 8. Transvaal,

. April. (Herb. Hook, D.)

Root woody. Stem in our specimens short, branches 1-1 foot long, densely

leafy from the base. Leaves 14-2 lines long, 14 line wide, im var. 8. about 3 lines

long, 1 line wide, denticulate, 1-nerved. Spikes 1-2 inches long, 10-20-flowered.

Tube of calyx 1 line, lobes 1} line long. Corolla dark blue, infundibuliform, ovary

ee Style shorter than the corolla, conically incrassate at the base ; stigma

tri-fid,

Wahlenbergia chondrophylla, Buck! in E. Z., Enum, 2388, is Dobrowskya aspera.

XII. LEPTOCODON, Sond.

Calyx 5-lobed, with ovate tube. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed at the apex-

Stamens 5, free ; anthers linear. Ovary 2-celled. ‘Style filiform, the base

dilated, permanent. Stigmas 2, recurved. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded,

wholly inferior, cylindrical, covered by the superior, solid, conical base

of the style. Dissepiment complete, the whole length in the middle,

placentiferous. Seeds ovoid, subangular, reticulate-punctate.

An annual, prostrate herb, with the habit of Microcodon. Branches hairy, sub-

divided, sparingly leafed. Leaves alternate, linear, narrow, denticulated, ciliated

at the base. Flowers sessile, terminal, densely glomerated, involucrated and

bracteated aby elongate, linear leaves. Calyx hairy. Name from Aewros, slender, and

Kwder, a bell,

Prismatocarpus.| CAMPANULACE& (Sond.) 585

1. L. longebracteatum (Sond.); JMicrocodon longebracteatum, Buek!

in L. Z, Enum. 2367.

Has. Stony places near Tokay, Tablemountain, and near Babylonschetoorn,

E.§ Z. Dec. (Herb. Sd.)

Root 1-2 inches long, white. Stem divided at the base, branches opposite and

alternate, diffuse, 2-4 inches long, with filiform, often very short ramuli, termi-

nated by the glomerate flowers. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1 line wide, floral ones on

bracteze 6-8 lines long, keeled by the middle nerve, on the margins with minute but

sharp teeth. Calyx 1} line long, lobes nearly 3-times shorter than the 1o-nerved

tube, ovate, cuspidate, aristate, ciliated, bimucronulate at top. Corolla tubular,

narrow, 2 lines long ; lobes short, acute, with some hairs outside. Capsule 1 line

long, operculated by the conical base of style, which is nearly equal in length to

the capsule. Dehiscence of capsule unknown.

XIV. PRISMATOCARPUS, A. DC.

Calyx 5-lobed, with a cylindrical, elongated, 5-nerved tube. Corolla

infundibuliform, or subeampanulate, 5-lobed or 5-fid. Stamens 5,

anthers free. Ovary inferior, 2-celled. Style persistent at the base.

Stigmas 2. Capsule prismatic or cylindrical, elongated, 2-celled, split-

ting from the top towards the base into 5 segments. Seeds ovoid, sub-

compressed, obtuse, dotted, 4. DC. Monog. camp. p. 164. Prismato-

carpus spec. L’ Her. sert angl. p. 1, excl. the Europ. species, Campanula

spec. auct. Polemonium spec., Thunb. End. Gen. 3080,

Subshrubs, rarely perennial or annual herbs. Leaves alternate, often narrow,

linear. Flowers terminal, solitary, or 2-3 approximate, sessile at the top of the

peduncles or shortly petiolate, rarely in the axils of the leaves. Name from zpicya,

a prism, and xapros, a fruit, in reference to the long, prismatical form of the fruit.

§. 1, Style exserted (longer than corolla) :

Lys. linear-acuminate, remotely denticled ; fi. crowded

at the-ends of the branches... ... .. «1. o o (1) fastigiatus,

Lvs. narrow-linear, entire; fl. panicled... ... ... .. (2) diffusus.

ee ar included (shorter than corolla) :

+ ves numerous at the base, few or none in the upper part :

Suffrutices, with woody stems :

Fl. panicled or racemose :

Lys. spreading, lin.-subulate, ciliate :

Fl. loosely panicled or :

cal.-lobes glabrous, as long as the

tube of corolla... ... .. «+ (3) roelloides.

FL few, near together ; cal.-lobes vel-

VObby ae eee eee ive tes eee (4 ltrs;

Panicle long ; cal.-lobes glabrous, lan-

ceol., 3 as long as the tube of

CORO coe ses = ope. oes pen 3 (8) SUbatan:

Lys. erect, linear, ciliate at base :

Paniclelong ; cal.-lobes glabr. lanceol.-

acuminate, half as long as the tube

Of Corona. Wc ie ee CO) robs;

F 1. few, racemose ; cal.-lobes glabrous,

ovate, acute, as long as cor.-tube (7) fruticosus.

Fl. sessile, spiked :

Lvs. linear, entire ; bracts entire... .... (8) Ecklonii,

Lys. lanceolate, 2-4 toothed ; bracts pin-

wt a Se = oy aoa,

Perennial or annual herbs :

Perennial. Lys. linear, flat ; fi. sessile, spiked (11) campanuloides

586 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [Prismatocarpus.

Annual. Lvs. long, linear, undulate-toothed ;

pedune. |divaricate... ... ... ... s+ se (10) erispus.

** Leaves uniformly scattered over the whole plant :

‘Lys. ovate-oblong or lanceolate, flat, serrulated ... (12) nitidus.

Lys. narrow-linear, entire :

Lvs. channelled, ciliate at base ; fl. axillary,

crowded, shorter than the leaves ... .. (13) sessilis.

Lys. flat, glabr. ; bracts ciliated ; fl. sessile,

spiked, longer than the leaves (14) tenerrimus.

§. 1. Style exserted. (Sp. 1-2.)

1. P, fastigiatus (Presl! in Herb. Drege) ; glabrous ; stem woody

at the base, branches erect, angulate-striate, simple ; leaves scattered,

erect, linear-acuminate, with revolute, remotely denticulated margins ;

flowers approximate at top of the branches, sessile ; bracteze ovate,

acute, subciliated ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminate, connate at the

base; corolla 2-3 times longer than the calycine lobes. DC. Prod.

P- 442.

Has. Rocky hills, Uienvalei, 2000-2500 ft., Drege. Dee. (Herb. D. Sd.)

Habit of P. strictus. Branches leafy from the base nearly to the apex. Lower

leaves more numerous, 6-8 lines long, 3-line wide, upper ones 4-3 lines long, ter-

minated by a rigid point ; the teeth on the margins very minute, 2-3 on each side.

2-8 flowers forming a spike. Lobes of calyx 1 line long, 2-3 times shorter than

the tube. Corolla infundibuliform, tube twice longer than the calyx ; lobes short.

Style exserted, glabrous: stigmas incrassate.

2. P. diffusus (A. DC. Monog. p. 164); stem woody at the base,

erect, terete, glabrous; branches leafy at the base; leaves linear, very

narrow, entire, glabrous or subpilose; flowers in loose, nearly naked

panicles ; peduncles diverging, stiff; bractese subulate, lobes of calyx

ovate, acute, or acuminate, glabrous; corolla 3-4 times longer than the

calycine lobes. Tracheliuwm diffusum, Linn. fil. suppl. p. 143. Thunb.!

Prod. p. 38, Fl. Cap. p. 176. P. diffusus, E. Z., 2389. P. laricinus Presl!

Monog. lob. p. 52. Herb. Zey. 357.

Has. Mountains in Hottentottsholld. Thunb. £. ¢ Z. ; Winterhoeksberg, Drege ;

Tulbaghskloof, #. Z., Dr. Pappe, Zey., 1081. Kardow, Zey., 1079. Alexanders-

kloof and Sneuwkop, Cederbergen, Wallich. Nov._Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Holm.,

Hook, D., Sd.)

Stem 4-14 foot high, much branched, branches filiform, subflexuous. Leaves

6-10 lines long, 4 line wide, sulcate, rigid, pointed. Panicle in small specimens

2-3 inches, in others 1 foot long ; peduncles much-spreading or divaricate, 3-flowered.

_ Calyx 1 line long. Corolla with longish tube and lanceolate lobes. Anthers sub-

exserted. Style verylong. Capsule 6-8 lines long.

§. Style included. (3-14.)

2. P. roelloides (Sond.) ; branches woody at the base, terete, gla-

brous or scabrous-hairy, very leafy, dichotomous and naked above;

leaves fascicled, lineari-subulate, entire, suberect or spreading, setace-

ously ciliated, incrassate on the margins; panicle loose, often few-

flowered ; bractexe subulate; flowers sessile, lobes of calyx acuminate,

incrassate on the margins, glabrous ; corolla 5-fid, broadly infundibull-

form, subcampanulate, tube as long as the calyx-lobes. Polemoniwm

roelloides Linn. suppl. p. 139. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 177. Campanula =

ericoides Lam. ill., 2574. Roella ericoides Spreng. syst. 1. p.723- P- —

Prismatocarpus.| CAMPANULACE& (Sond.) 587

paniculatus I’ Her, sert. angl. p. 1, A. DC. Monog. p. 165, t. 20. Prodr.

p. 443, H. Z., 2390.

Var. 8. grandiflorus (Sond.); flowers larger. Roella pedunculata, Berg.! pl.

cap. p. 42. P. pedunculatus, DC.! Prod. p. 443. P. grandijlorus, E. Mey.! in Herb.

Drege, DC.l.c. P. interruptus, EB. Z, 2391.

Var. 8. interruptus (Sond.) ; stem leafy nearly to the apex ; flowers approximate

at the tops of the peduncles. P. interruptus L’ Her, sert. angl. p. 1, A. DC. Monog.

p. 166. Prod. p. 443. Camp. interrupta Pers. ench. 1, p. 192.

Hazs. Mountains, Nieuwekloof, Drege; Waterfall, Tulbagh, Rivierzonder Ende

and Kochmanns Kloof, £. § Z., Pappe; Kardow, Hassaquaskloof and Buffeljagd-

rivier, Zey. 3145; var. 8. Breederivier, EZ. § Z., Piquetberg, Drege ; Zwarteberg

and Rivierzonder Ende, Zey. 3146; Mitchell’s Pass, A. Wyley, Genadenthal, Dr.

Roser ; var. 7. Klipfontyn, Zey. 1077, Oct.Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook,

a, Sd.)

Stem erect, 1-2 feet or more high ; branches simple, greyish. Leaves longer than

the internodes, sessile, linear-lanceolate, entire, 4-8 lines long, } line wide, pedun-

culoid, apex of branches dichotomously divided ; rarely in var. 8 1 or 2-flowered ; as

long or shorter, rarely longer than theleafy branch ; peduncles 1-2 inches long, spread-

ing, 1-flowered, or with 2~3 sessile approximate flowers at top. Calyx-lobes 2~3 lines

long, in var. 8. broader and 4-5 lines long. Corolla about 6-8 lines ; in var. 8.

1 inch long and broad ; lobes ovate, as long or longer than the tube. Base of the

style incrassate, at length larger, ovate, obtuse, persistent (ovary, Thunb.) ; stigmas

2 linear, recurved. Capsule 1-14 inch long, 4 angular, striate. Var. y. seems to

be a distinct species at first sight, but I have intermediate specimens collected by

E. Z. The stem and branches are 3 feet high, leafy also in the pedunculoid part at

the base of the shorter and more condensate panicle. Calyx and corollaas in var. a.

4, P. altiflorus (L’ Her. sert. angl. p. 1); suffrutescent ; leaves linear-

subulate, entire, ciliated ; flowers few, approximate at the tops of the

peduncles; bractez subulate; lobes of calyx ovate, acute, velvetty.

A. DC. Monog. p. 167. Prod. p. 444. Roella erecta, Banks, herb. Camp.

altiflora Poir. suppl. 2, p. 66.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. Masson in herb. Banks ; unknown to us.

Leaves and habit of P. roelloides, and probably a variety. Stems nearly simple,

1 foot, glabrous, naked at the base and top, but very leafy in the middle, divided

at the SS ae — : yore tale ogg of smaller

ones in their owers sessile. greyish ; filiform, i

long, lobes 3 lines long, 1 line broad. = : i os

5. P. subulatus (A. DC. Monog. p. 166); stem erect, woody, branched,

minutely pubescent, very leafy from the base to the middle, glabrous

and naked above ; leaves fascicled, linear-subulate, narrow, entire,

ciliate, erectish or spreading-recurved ; panicle elongate, loose, naked,

flowers pedicellate and sessile, bractese subulate ; lobes of calyx acumi-

nate, glabrous ; corolla infundibuliform, subcampanulate, twice longer

than the calyx-lobes, Prod.! p. 444, E. & Z.! 2393. Campanula

subulata, Thunb.! Prod. p. 38, Mem. Acad. Petersb. 4, p. 369, t. 6,

Fl. Cap. p. 171. Lightf. ciliata Spreng. syst. 1, p. 809. P. altiflorus,

E. & Z.!1 2394. _

Var. 8. pauciflorus ; branches very slender, velvety ; panicle few-flowered. P.,

lycopodioides, A. DC. ! Prod. p. 453.

Var. y.Bergianus; more robust, branches minutely pubescent ;leaves subracemose,

canaliculate, recurved, ciliate at the base ; panicle much elongated. P. Bergianus !

Cham. ! Linn. vol. 8, p. 199, E. ¢ Z. / 2392-

Var. 8. penicillata (A. DC.! Prod. p. 444) ; lobes of corolla pubescent atthe apex.

588 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) [Prismatocarpus.

Has. Mountains near Hexriver, Thunb. ; distr. of Cape, Worcester and Caledon,

E. § Z, ; Zey. 1078. Dutoitskloof, Drege ; Alexanderskloof, Dr. Wallich ; var. B.

Dutoitskloof, Drege ; var. y. in the Capeflats, Bergius, Ecklon, W. H,. Harvey, Zey.

3147. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook, D., Sd.)

Habit of P. paniculatus. It differs by the elongate, more divided panicle, with

filiform or capillary, erectish peduncles, smaller calyx and corolla, with longer

tube. Leaves about 6 lines long, 4 line wide ; in var. y. more rigid and subglabrous.

Flowers mostly pedunculate. Calyx-lobes 1-14 line long. Corolla with ovate, acute

lobes, 3-4 times longer than the calycine lobes. Capsule {—-1 inch long.

6. P. brevilobus (A. DC.! Prod. p. 443); branches woody at the

base, minutely downy, paniculated and glabrous above ; leaves erect,

linear, narrow, subconcave, entire, mucronulate, subciliated; peduncles

naked, erect, slender, dichotomously panicled; bracteze minute, linear,

subciliate ; calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, acute, much shorter than

the tube; corolla 3~4 times longer than the calycine lobes.

Has. Hills near Bergrivier, Drege. Paarl. Rev. W. Elliott, Aug. (Hb. Hk., D. Sd.)

Habit and panicle as in P. subulatus, but the leaves are erect, subappressed, not

fascicled, about 1 inch long, not 4 line wide, subtrigonous, beset from the base with

very short cilia, The flowers or the whole purplish panicle is thesame as in P. su-

bulatus, in which the tube of calyx is also constricted under the lobes. Tube of

corolla twice longer than the calyx. Capsule 4-1 inch. I have not seen a speci-

mien with quite glabrous branches,

7. P. fruticosus (L’Her Sert. Angl. p. 2); stem minutely downy,

subwoody at the base, glabrous above; leafy in the middle; leaves

narrow, linear, acute, erect, flat above, ciliate at the base ; margins

revolute; flowers few, racemose, or dichotomously subpanicled ; brac-

tee minute ; calyx glabrous; lobes ovate, acute, or subacuminate ;

corolla infundibuliform, §-cleft to the middle. A. DC. Monog. p. 169.

Prod. p. 444. EH. §& Z. 2395. Campanula fruticosa, Herb. Banks.

Has. Table Mountain and in Hottentottsholland, F.§Z. Dec. (Herb. Sd.)

Stem 1 foot, branches simple, ending in a naked few-flowered raceme. Leaves

8_to lines long, nearly 1 line wide, nearly glabrous, with a few short cilia at the

base. Pedicels 2-4 lines long (DC.), in our specimens 4-1 inch, Tube of calyx in

the specimen of Herb. Banks only 2 lines, in ours 3-4 lines long. Lobes erect,

_, entire, 1 line long. Lobes of corolla acute. Capsule cylindrical, angulate-striate.

It may be regarded as a few-flowered, broad leafed variety of P. breviiobus.

= Pved A Ecklonii,(A. D.C. ! Monog. p. 168); stem woody, branched;

_. branches minutely downy, very leafy at the base, ending in a neasly

naked, loose, glabrous spike ; leaves erect, linear-acuminate, entire,

“glabrous, with revolute margins ; flowers sessile, remotely spiked ;

bractez subulate, base larger than the leaves, quite entire;

calyx glabrous, lo ear-lanceolate, shorter than the 5-fid, broadly

infundibuliform corolla. Prod. p. 444, E. & Z. 2396. P. fruticosus,

Eckl, pl. exs. olim, not of I’ Her. — ¢

Has. Stony places in the Zwarteberg near Caledon, and in Mount Baviansberg

near Genadenthal, EZ. ¢ Z." Feb. (Herb. Sd.) J

A subshrub, 1-2 feet high ; branches erect, simple, straight, terete, greyish,

velvety. Leaves numerous at the base, rare from the middle, but not smaller,

rigid, 6-8 lines long, 1 line wide at the base ; raceme 6-8 flowered, flowers solitary

in the axil of a leafy, glabrous bractea, which incloses 3 smaller bracteole ; uppe?

flowers subapproximate, the lower ones distant about 1 inch. Calyx-tube at flower- _

ig time equalling thevbractea ; the lobes of the same length. Corolla 5-fid to —

Prismatocarpus.| CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 589

the middle ; the tube a little shorter than the calyx lobes. Capsule 6 lines long,

4-angular.

9. P. Candolleanus (Chamiss.! Linnaea, vol. 8, p. 197) ; stem woody,

branched ; branches erect, minutely downy, very leafy, ending in a

nearly naked or somewhat leafy, remoti-flowered, glabrous spike ; leaves

erect, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, 2-4 dentate at

the base, with revolute margins, glabrous, or the lower ones subpilose

beneath; flowers sessile, remotely spiked ; bracteze subulate-acuminate,

at the base larger than the leaves, pinnatifid ; calyx glabrous, lobes

linear-lanceolate, one half shorter than the 5-fid corolla. £. & Z./ 2401.

Haz. Near Ruiterbosch, Mundt. Jan. (Herb. Hook., Sd.)

Nearly allied to P. £cklonii in size and habit ; stem and branches quite similar,

the leaves broader at the base, with 2 or rarely 4 acute or subspinous teeth, rigid,

6-8 lines long, 1 line or somewhat broader at the base. Spike often leafy at the

lower part; inferior flowers 1 inch distant, the upper approximate. Bractez leaf-

like, as long as the calyx tube, pinnatifid-dentate, middle lobes longer ; upper ones

smaller. Calyx lobes 4 lines long, acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 5-fid to the

middle, lobes acute. Capsule 3 inch long, prismatical, glabrous. The flowers are

gery solitary, rarely geminate or ternate, and then on a very short pedicel or

branc

10. P. crispus (L’ Her. Sert. Angl. p.2); stem herbaceous, terete, simple

or branched, and hairy at the base, quite glabrous, dichotomously

branched and naked above ; leaves linear, acute, elongate, undulately

toothed, whitish margined ; peduncles divaricate, 1-flowered; bractez

subulate; calyx glabrous or subpilose, tube elongate ; lobes linear,

acuminated, entire ; corolla infundibuliform, deeply 5-fid, twice longer

than the calyx. A. DC. Monog. p. 168. Prod.! p. 444. E.G Z. 2397.

Camp. crispa, Herb. Banks, C. plicata, Pers. enchir. 1, p. 193.

Has. Sandy stony places near Waterfall, Tulbagh, Z. Z. Rivier Zonder Einde, Zey.

Glenfilling and Grahamstown, Albany, Drege. Oct.-Dec. (Herb. Hook., D. Sd.)

Annual herb, 1-14 feet high, subflexuous ; branches alternate, the lower some-

times opposite, ascending. aves 1-14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide, curled on the

margins. Calyx lobes very narrow, 4-5 lines long, erect. Corolla to $-5-fid, lobes

oblong, acute. Capsule 1~3 inches long.

11, P. campanuloides (Sond.) ; stem herbaceous, simple or branched,

glabrous or pilose at the base ; leaves erect or spreading, linear, acute,

glabrous or subciliate, with revolute remotely denticulate or entire

* |

margins; flowers spiked, solitary or geminate ; bractez ovate, acumi-

nate; calyx glabrous, tube elongate, lobes linear, at

infundibuliform, 5-fid, one half longer than the calycine lobes. Pole-

monium campanuloides. Linn. suppl. p. 139. Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 177.

Lightfootia sessiliflora, Spreng. in Zeyh. fl. cap. eas. 203. Prismatoc. lina-

riacfolius et P. strictus, A. DC. Monog. p. 169. Prod. p. 444. E. & Z.

2398, 2399. . * s

Has. Sandy places on the Zwartkopsrivier, and on Wimterhoeksberg near Elands-

rivier, E. ¢ Z. Zeyh, 3148. Tulbagh near Waterfall, Dr. Pappe. Ataquaskloof and

between Kovi and Katrivier, Drege. Cafferland, Dr. Gill, Dec.—Apr. (Herb.

Thunb., Hook., D., Sond.). ~ % “

Perennial, 1-2 feet or more in height, angular-striated by the decurrent leaves ;

branches alternate, virgate, glabrous. Leaves numerous, sometimes few and distant,

alternate, 4-1 inch long, 1 line wide, flat, with more or less revolute margins, cili-

. “ =

cute, entire; corolla ~

590 CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) [Prismatocarpus.

ated at the base or to the apex, or quite entire, or with a few minute teeth.

Branches ending in a few-flowered, nearly naked spike, rarely terminated by a

single flower. Bracts 4~6 lines long, enclosing 1-3 flowers. Calyx lobes 5-6 lines

long, at flowering time as long or shorter than the tube. Corolla subcampanulate,

with ovate, acute, lobes, blueish. Stigmas 2. Capsule 1 inch long, 5-valved.

Tt has a great affinity to P. Lcklonii, from which it is distinguished by herbaceous

stem, angulate, striate, glabrous branches, and less rigid leaves.

12. P. nitidus (L/Her. sert. angl. p. 2, t. 3); plant rather woody,

branched ; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, flat, serrulated, spreading,

shining ; flowers 2-4, sessile, and approximate at top of the branches;

bractez leafy; calyx glabrous, tube longer than the bractez, lobes

lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; corolla infundibuliform, subcam-

panulate, twice longer than the calyx. A. DC.! Monog. p. 170. Prod.

p. 445. E. & Z. 2403. Camp. Prismatocarpus, Ait. Hook, Bot. Mag. t.

2733. Herb. Un. Itin. 155.

Has. Table Mountain. Jan. E.¢ Z. W.H. Harvey. (Herb. Hook., D., Sd.)

A small glabrous perennial, with short or elongated diffuse redddish branches.

Leaves 4-6 times longer than broad, commonly 4-6 lines long, sharply serrate, acute.

Flowers 2-4 in a cluster, rarely solitary in the axils of the bractee, Calyx 14 line

long. Corolla white, 5 lobed. Capsule 1 inch long.

13. P. sessilis (Eckl.! A. DC. Monog. p. 171); stem much branched ;

branches simple or dichotomously divided, filiform, diffuse, glabrous ;

leaves fascicled, spreading, narrow-linear, canaliculate above, entire,

subciliate at the base ; flowers sessile, axillary, aggregated, rarely soli-

tary, pedicellate, opposite the leaf; calyx glabrous, lobes minute, ovate-

lanceolate; corolla infundibuliform, 2-3 times longer than the calyx ;

capsule shorter than the leaf. Prod.p. 445. #.§2Z.2404. Herb. Un.

Itin. 152, & 194.

Has. Grassy places on the Table Mountain and in Capeflats, £. & Z., W. H.

Harvey, Zey. 1080, near Simon’s Bay, Milne, 169. Nov.—Jan. (Herb, Hk., D., Sd.)

Branches some inches to 1 foot and more long, purplish, shining. Leaves or

fascicles often secundate, the outer or larger 3-1 inch long, not 3 line wide, chan-

nelled above, subtrigonous, longer than flower and fruit. Generally 2-8 flowers are

aggregated in a fascicle, sometimes they are pedicellate and solitary. Calyx lobes

3 line long. Corolla white, 5-lobed, 2-3 lines long. Capsule prismatical, 3 lines

oe It ting: gant as a perennial by Ecklon and Zeyher ; small specimens seem

to be annual,

14. P. tenerrimus (Buek.! in E. Z. enum, 2402); stem much branch-

ed; branches filiform, subsimple, velvety or sub-glabrous, flowering

secundate, remotely leafy ; leaves alternate, erect, linear, acuminate,

glabrous ; bracteze ovate, acuminate, ciliate ; flowers axillary, sessile,

solitary or geminate, spiked; calyx glabrous, lobes acuminate ; corolla

ei fo en twice longer than the calyx ; capsule longer than

the leaf.

Has. Mts. near Rivier Zonder Einde, Swellendam. Feb.-Mar. £. § Z. (Hb. Sd.)

A subshrub, woody at the base, in characters very near the foregoing, but in habit

very distinct. Branches reddish. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 3 line wide, not fascicled,

flattish, the margins scarcely revolute, not ciliate at the base. The lateral branches

form a distant-flowered spike; the inferior or smaJler branches bear sometimes 1 OF

2 single flowers at the top, Calyx lobes 2 lines long. Corolla white, 5-lobed. Cap-

aule 4-6 lines long. =

“we

Roella. | CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 591

XV. ROELLA, Linn.

Calyx 5-fid, tube cylindraceous. Corol/a infundibuliform, tubular or

campanulate, large, 5-lobed. Stamens 5; anthers free. Ovary 2-celled.

Stigmas 2, thick. Capsule cylindraceous, 2-celled, wholly inferior,

perforated by the permanent base of the style, and therefore appearing

as covered by a concave operculum, and at length dehiscing by a large

hole at the apex, without valves. Seeds numerous, angular, scabrous,

thick. Hort. Clif. p. 492, t. 16, f. 5. Lam. ill. 346,t. 123. ADC. Monog.

camp. p. 172. Endl. gen. 3081.

Subshrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves numerous, alternate, scattered, usually narrow

and stiff. Flowers sessile, terminal, solitary or glomerate. Named in honour of

W. Roell, professor of anatomy in the academy of Amsterdam.

Flowers solitary, terminal ; branches woody :

Cal. lobes and floral leaves recurved, squarrose ... ...... (6) recurvata,

Cal. lobes erect :

Cal. lobes ovate, acute, broad (4) latiloba.

Cal. lobes lanceol., tapering toa long, hair-like point . (5) leptosepala.

Cal. lobes lanceolate, acuminate

Lys, erect or spreading, lin. -acuminate ; caps. gla-

brous... (1) ciliata.

Lys. erect, appressed, lin, -subulate ; ‘caps. ‘pubescent (2) reticulata.

Lys. reflexed, linear-acuminate ... (3) bryoides,

Flowers solitary, terminal ; stem and branches herbaceous ; lvs. :

ovato-lanceolate, reflexed, serrulate .., ... sittagte mee. 40) SOROOUSS,.

Flowers aggregate or glomerate ; branches woody :

Lys. narrow-linear ; branches minutely pubescent :

Bracts laciniate, with a long point ; cal.-lobes recurved

at apex . (7) Ecklonii.

Bracts toothed, “middle tooth larger, Yecurved ; cal.lobes

not recurved .. sis .. . (8) spicata.

Lys. linear-lanceolate ; branches glabrous oS. acd in eg): OMAR,

Lvs. ovate, acute, reflexed ... .. hee ee Cs

1. RB. ciliata (Linn.! Spec. 1, p.241); stem branched, hairy ; branches

spreading ; leaves fascicled, erect, or spreading, linear, acuminated,

ciliated, upper ones longer or eke flowers solitary, terminal ; lobes

of calyx lanceolate or acuminated, longer than the leaves, ciliated or

laciniately toothed, glabrous or hairy outwards ; corolla infundibuli-

form, variegated ; capsule glabrous.

Var. a. Linnaeana ; stem erect ; leaves linear, rigid; floral ones longer and

larger, acuminated, laciniately toothed and ciliated ; corolla large, twice longer

than the salycine lobes, & oles i @. c. Hort. Cliffort. t. 35. Berg. cap. p. 41,

ex pte, Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 175. A. DC.! Monog. p. 173. Chamiss.! Linnea, vol,

8, p. 200. £.Z.! 2405. Herb. Un. itin, 694» 695. Lam, ill. t. 123, f. 1. Curt.

bot. mag. t. 378. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1156. R. reticulata Linn, ex parte fide specim.

Burmanniani in herb. Thunb.!

Var. 8. incurva; stem erect ; leaves shorter, incurved, floral ones densely im-

bricated, scarcely longer, rigid-ciliated or laciniately toothed ; corolla as long or

longer than the glabrous calycine lobes. 2. ineurva, Banks herb. ex A. DQ. mon. Dp.

172. AR. ciliata, Bergius/ cap. p. 41, ex pte. E. § Z.! 2405, ex pte.

Var. y. Dregeana; stem erect ; leaves shorter, incurved, floral ones densely im-

bricated, longer ; calyx lobes laciniately toothed and ciliated, acuminated or elon-

gated, hairy or pubescent outwards, shorter than the corolla. R. Dregeana, A. DC.

Prod. ! p. 446.

Var. 8. minor; stem short, slender, with erect or diffuse branches ; leaves in-

592 * CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [ Roella.

curved or straight, ciliated, floral ones longer, glabrous, acuminated, ciliated and

toothed ; corolla as long or shorter than the calyx lobes. 2. minor Eckl.! enum.

2407 (branches ascendent, leaves somewhat spreading) ; R. gracilis Buek.! 1. c. 2409,

et R. ciliata, B. elongata Bk. 1. c. (branches and smaller leaves erect).

Has. Sandy and rocky places in the districts of Cape, Stellenbosch, Worcester,

and Caledon ; var. 8. in Klynhowhoek, Zeyh., 3149 ; var. y. near Capetown, Paarl-

berg, Simonsbay, Drickop, Hemel en Aarde ; var. 5. Cape fiats, Palmiets river and

Zwarteberg, near Caledon. Oct.-April. (Herb. Thunb. Holm. Hook., D., Sd.)

Root perennial. Stem 3-1 foot, much leafy. Leaves scattered, with numerous

smaller ones in the axils, glabrous, ciliated by white, rigid, subcartilaginous hairs,

2-5 lines long, 3-1 line wide, calyx lobes 6-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide. Corolla

in var. a. one inch and more long, in var. 8. and y. often smaller, in var. y. 3-4

lines long, blue or rose coloured, with a deep purple or blue circle at the base of the

lobes. Capsule cylindrical.

2, R. reticulata (A. DC. Monog. p. 174); stem branched, hairy ; branch-

es diffuse or ascendent, upper ones very short, secundate ; leaves fasci-

cled, erect, appressed, linear-subulate, ciliated, upper ones not longer;

flowers terminating the lateral branches, solitary, rarely subaggregated ;

lobes of calyx subulate, entire or remotely toothed, ciliated, longer

than the leaves, hairy or pubescent inside, glabrous or hairy at the

apex outside ; corolla infundibuliform, concolorous; capsule pubescent.

_Var. a. ternifolia; leaves very narrow, appressed ; lobes of calyx subulate,

ciliated ; corolla as long or one half longer than the clyx. AR. reticulata, A. DO. l.

c, ex. cl. syn. Linn. Chamisso! Linnea, v. 8, p. 200. R. ternifolia, Willd. herb.! 3875,

but not of Thunb. R. gracilis, E. § Z.! 2409, ex pte. R. ciliata, Dreg. herb. ex pte.

Var. 8. Dunantii; leaves linear-acuminated, erect, not appressed ; lobes of calyx

acuminated, denticulated ; corolla nearly one half longer than the calyx. R., Dunan-

tii, A.DC.! Monog. p. 175. Prod. p. 446.

Var. yy. prostrata ; leaves spreading erect, subulate ; lobes of calyx spreading of

subrecurved ; corolla as long or a little shorter than the calyx. A. prostrata, E.

Meyer.! DC. Prod. p. 447.

Has. Sandy places in the Cape flats, W. H. Harvey, Ecklon., Zeyh. 3417. Brede-

river, Mundt. ; var. 8. Cape flats, Z. § Z., Dr. Wallich ; var. y. near Cape town,

Drege, W. H. Harvey. Carmichael, Predikstael, Zeyher. Febr._May. (Herb. reg.

Berol., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

A much branched and ramulous, densely leafy, perennial or subshrub, 1-14 foot

long. The lateral branches generally very short, and forming at flowering time a

secundate spike, but in other specimens elongate, virgate. Leaves imbricated,

mucronate, in var. y. spreading; they are as long as in 2&. ciliata, but twice nar-

rower and hairy-ciliated. Calyx lobes always pubescent inside, about } inch long,

4 line wide, ciliated or remotely ciliate-toothed. Corolla white or perhaps yellowish,

smaller than in common forms of R. ciliata, deeply 5-fid, the lobes narrower. The

var. y. resembles in aspect the var. 5. minor of R. ciliata. R. reticulata Linn. spec.

I, p. 241; foliis ciliatis, mucrone-reflexo, with the quotations ; Petiver. Vaill. and

Pluken. amalth, is Gorteria ciliaris.

3. R. bryoides (Buck ! in E. Z. enum. 386); stem branched woody ;

branches erect, virgate, ramulous, hairy ; leaves alternate, reflexed,

linear-acuminated, ciliated; floral ones erect, nearly as long as the

calyx lobes, toothed ; flowers solitary, terminal; lobes of calyx subu-

late, hairy inside, with 2 or 4 longish lateral teeth, as long or one half

shorter than the corolla.

Has. Sandy places near Zeekoevalley, and on Mount Kamiesberg, Clanwilliam,

E. & Z. ; Zeyh. 1082. Dec.-Feb. (Herb., Hook., Sd.) :

Not unlike &. reticulata, but more woody and erect, and at first sight distinguished

Roella.| CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) 593

by the reflexed, not densely fascicled, 1}~2 lines long, rigid leaves. Flowers at top

of the primary and secondary very short branches. Calyx-lobes 3-4 lines long, the

lateral teeth 4 or nearly 1 line long. Corolla in dried state white or pale yellow-

ish. The name is a very bad one, but the 2 specimens in herb. £. ¢§ Z. are very in-

complete. Those collected by Zeyher are much better, but also without fruit.

4, BR. latiloba (A. DC. Prod. p. 447); stem woody ; branches erect,

pubescent; leaves spreading, linear,.acute, setaceously-ciliated, floral

ones erect, scarcely longer; flowers solitary, terminal ; lobes of calyx

ovate, acute, broad, nearly entire, scabrous outside, pubescent inside ;

corolla twice longer than the calycine lobes.

Has. Bergvalei and Langevalei. Nov. Drege. (Herb., Hook., Sd.)

Habit of &. bryoides, with the same horizontally spreading, but not reflexed

leaves. Calyx-lobes 3 lines long, 13 line wide, muricately asperous, sometimes with

some short teeth on the margin. Corolla deeply 5-fid, lobes oblong.

5. R. leptosepala (Sond.) ; stem woody ; branches erect, minutely

pubescent, the ultimate lateral ones very short and terminated by the

flower ; leaves linear-acuminated, glabrous, remotely ciliate-toothed ;

floral ones longer, with 2 or 3 subulate teeth on each side, and minutely

ciliated at the base ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, attenuated in a long, hair-

like acumen, entire, or with 4—6 tooth-like cilia, and minutely pubescent

near the base; corolla deeply 5—cleft, as long as the calycine lobes.

Has. Dutoitskloof. Drege. (Herb., Sd.)

, Stem 1 foot and more high, branches slender, in the upper part beset with many

4-1 inch long ramuli, each of which bears a flower. Leaves 3-4 lines long, at the

base } line wide, much acuminated, not ciliated, in the axils with many smaller ones,

which are bluntish and mucronulate. Floral leaves not densely imbricated, 5-6

lines long, filiform at the apex, bractlike, not green ; the lateral filiform teeth long,

spreading. Calyx-lobes 6-8 lines long, greenish, flat, attenuated in a long point,

equalling the oblong lobes of corolla. Ovary minutely downy.

6, R. recurvata (A. DC.! Prod. p.447); stem woody, much branched ;

branches short, diffuse, very leafy, spreading, hairy ; leaves spreading,

recurved, linear, mucronate, remotely ciliated-toothed; floral ones a

little longer, as well as the lobes of calyx recurvate, setaceous-ciliated

at the base, laciniately-toothed at the apex ; flowers solitary, terminal.

Has. Cape. Drege, 6323. (Herb., Sd.)

Near R. ides and R. reticulata, var. prostrata ; distinguished from both by the

squarrose-recurved floral leaves and calyx-lobes. Leaves 2 lines long. Flowering

branches 1-2 inches long, Flowers small, bracteze numerous, imbricate, 3-4 lines

long. Corolla wanting. “

7. RB. Eckloniana (Buek ! in E. & Z. enum. 2408) ; stem branched,

woody, glabrous ; branches ascending, orten secundate, simple or divi-

ded, minutely pubescent, leafy ; leaves fascicled, spreading, linear, acu-

minated, entire, ciliated at the base ; flowers terminal, aggregated, each

of which is subtended by 3 bractez, covering the calyx-tube ; bractez

broad, cuneate, ciliated at top, laciniately-toothed with a long linear

acumen ; calyx-lobes lineari-acuminated, entire, glabrous, subrecurved

at the apex, longer than the bracte ; corolla 5—lobed, as long or

shorter than the calyx-lobes ; capsule minutely downy.

Van. 8. pubescens; calyx-lobes and bractee downy,

VoL, Il. 38a

594 CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [ Roella.

Has. Sandy stony places between Krum and Camtoursrivier, Uitenhage, 2. Z. ;

var. 8. near Genadenthal, Heklon. Dec. (Herb., D., Sd.) .

Stem diffuse, 1-1} foot long. Branches ascending or erect, 2-4 inches long, much

leafy ; leaves 3-4 lines, at the base 4 line wide, 3-4 flowers at the top of the branches,

Branches 2 lines long and broad, carinate, with a subulate, 3 lines long, spreading

or recurved acumen. Calyx-lobes 4-5 lines long, subscarious. ‘Lobes of corolla

acute. Stigma 2-fid.

8. R. spicata (Linn.! suppl. p. 143); stem branched, woody ; branch-

es ascending or erect, ramulous, sometimes secundate, very leafy,

naked at the base, minutely pubescent ; leaves fasicled, linear-acumi-

nate, spreading, ciliate at the base; flowers terminal, aggregated,

rarely solitary ; fascicles globose or spiked; bractez broad, cuneate,

ciliolate, at top dentate, middle tooth larger, reeurvate ; calyx-lobes

lanceolate, acuminated, entire, glabrous, longer than the bractex, not

recurved; corolla 5-lobed, one half or twice longer than the calyx-lobes;

capsule minutelydowny. Thunb./ Prod. p.38. Fi.cap p.175. R.secunda

Buck ! in E. & Z. enum. 2414. R. ericoides, Buek.!1.c. 2410. R. glauca

et prostrata Eckl. / l.c.2415,2416. J. campestris, A. DC. ! Prod. 447.

Camp. bracteata Thunb. fl. cap. p.171. BR. bracteata A. DC.1. ¢. p. 446.

Has. Hills on the Zwartkoprivier and in Krakakamma. Gauritzrivier, Z. § Z.

Zeyh. 3151, at Bethelsdorp, Drege, Zey. 3150. Dec.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Holm.,

Hook., D., Sd.)

Variable in size and habit. Stem decumbent or erect, 1-2 feet. Branches short

or long. Leaves 1-3 lines long. Flowers sessile, aggregated to a head, nearly as

large as a hazelnut, or forming an oblong spike. Bractez more numerous than in

R. Eckloniana, 1-14 line long ; the larger tooth 3 line long, Calyx lanceolate,

shortly acuminated, 24 lines long. Corolla white; tube short, lobes acute. It

differs from &. Eckloniana by the smaller leaves, smaller bracts without elongate

acumen, shorter calyx lobes without recurved apex and smaller flowers. R. ericoides,

Bk. is founded on a single bad specimen in Herb. Ecklon. &. y/auca and prostrata

are not distinguished by Dr. Buek, and quite the same as R. secunda.

9. R. glomerata (A. DC.! Prod. p. 447); erect, or branches ascen-

dent, glabrous, angular, naked at the base, very leafy; leaves linear-

lanceolate or linear, acute, entire or toothed on the incrassate margins,

glabrous or subciliated, spreading-erect ; floral ones often longer, coarsely

toothed; flowers capitate ; bractese broadly ovate, 5—7-lobate, lobes

acute; calyx lobes lanceolate, setaceously acuminate, entire, glabrous ;

corolla 5-lobed, longer than the calycine lobes.

_ Has. On the Omsameaba, Drege. Wentworth Bluff, near Natal, J. Sanderson,

near D’Urban, Ger. § M’K. 872. Feb. (Herb. D., Sd.) :

A shrub, 1-2 feet, sometimes simple or with short branches at the summit.

Leaves } inch long, 1 line wide, fascicled, generally with 2-3 short but rigid teeth

on the margins. Branches terminated by a round many flowered head, 6-9 lines in

diameter. Bracteze often broader than long, with setaceously acuminated, short

lobes, not much surpassed by the calyx. Corolla white, tubular, deeply 5-lobed,

lobes acutate. Stigma broad, 2-lobed. Capsule (unripe) glabrous.

10. RB. squarrosa (Berg.! cap. p. 42); stem erect, woody; branched

above or i the — branches pro hae herbaceous, filiform, simple

or ramulous, glabrous or subpilose ; leaves decurrent, ovate, acute oT

cuspidate, reflexed, remotely ciliated and toothed; flowers terminal,

glomerate, rarely solitary ; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, ciliate; corolla

Merciera.] CAMPANULACEE (Sond.) 595

one half or twice longer than the calyx. Thunb./ fl. cap.p. 175. A.

DC. Prod. p. 447. #. & Z. 2412. Herb. Un. Itin. 696. &. filiformis,

Lam. Itl.. 2580, t. 123, f. 2.

Has. In the Table Mountain and Kasteelberg, Dec—Jan. (Herb. Thunb.

Holm., Hook., D., Sond.)

Shrubby, re foot and more high. Branches simple or subpanicled, reddish.

Leaves glabrous, approximate, subquadrifarious, not faxcicled, 1 line long, in larger

specimens sometimes 2 lines long and acuminated, setaceously toothed. Bracteze

a little longer than the leaves, ciliated, with recurved apex. Calyx lobes 1 line long.

Corolla white, 5-fid ; lobes acute. Capsule cylindrical, glabrous. Seeds ovate.

11. RB. muscosa (Thunb. ! in Linn. f. Suppl. p. 143); herbaceous, hum-

ble, trailing ; branches diffuse, filiform, glabrous, leafy; leaves ovate,

acute, or ovato-lanceolate, spreading reflexed, remotely serrated, gla-

brous; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx lobes lanceolate, entire, gla-

brous or subciliated ; corolla infundibuliform, 3—4 times longer than

the calyx lobes. Flor. Cap. p. 175. A. DC. Monog. p. 177. ‘Prod. p.

447. #. & Z. enum. 2413.

Has. In the Poort, in front of the Table Mountain. Jan. (Herb. Thunb.,

Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Perennial, much branched from the base, branches aggregated, 1-several inches

long. Leaves 1-4 lines long, 1 line wide, acute, subattenuated at the base. Calyx

tube beset with some leaves. Corolla blue, 4 lines long.

Doubtful Species.

R. decurrens (L’Her. Sert. Angl. p. 2, t. 6); stem erect, branched,

herbaceous, leafy, pilose ; leaves | spreading, decurrent, ovate-oblong,

ciliated at the base, nearly entire ; flowers ‘solitary, sessile, terminal ;

tube of calyx ovoid, glabrous, lobes acuminated, ciliated, as long as the

tube ; corolla campanulate, 5-fid, 3 times longer than the calyx lobes.

Rh. decurrens, A. DC. Monog. p. 178.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. Fi. Suly-Sept. (Unknown to us.)

Leaves 4-8 lines long, 2 lines wide, sessile, flat, paler beneath. Flowers terminal,

sessile. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla 3-4 lines long, half 5-fid, lobes ovate, som

_spreading. Style filiform, equal in length to the tube of corolla ; etigms a-lobed.

XVI. MERCIERA, A. DC.

Calyx 4-5 cleft, tube ovoid. Corolla tubular, 4-5 lobed; tube very

narrow. Stamens 4—5, free; filaments very slender at the base, much

longer than the anthers. ‘Ovary inferior, with an incomplete dissepi-

ment, 1-celled. Ovules 4 (or 2 2?) in the bottom of the ovary. Style

filiform, usually exserted, glabrous; stigmas 2, very short. Capsule

unknown, indehiscent? Monog. Camp. p. 369. DC. Prod. 496. iat

Gen. 3091. Trachelii et Roellae spec. Thunberg.

Small subshrubs, with the habit of Roella ciliata, Stem erect, branched; branches

very leafy, downy, rather woody. Leaves sessile, alternate, erect, crowded, linear-

subulate, rigid, ciliated, with a fascicle of smaller ones in the axils. Flowers sessile,

solitary, spiked, axillary. Calyx with a very hispid tube, and lanceolate, acute,

smoothish segments. Corolla like that of Trachelium, long and narrow. Named in

honour of Philip Mercier, who has written a ee on the order Polemoniaceae.

Gerolis bine --ccsgeers sce ba es Grins vs see ey: teanifolia,

Corolla white Wel ern A oe ee ne ee (2) eine,

596 CAMPANULACES (Sond.) [ Siphocodon.

1, M. tenuifolia (A. DC.! 1. c. p. 370, t. 5); leaves ciliated; corolla

blue, as long or longer than the leaves, 5-lobed at the very apex; lobes

spreading ; style a little exserted.

Var. a. Candolleana ; leaves elongated, much ciliated ; corolla longer than the

leaves, pilose on the back ; lobes lanceolate. M. tenuifolia, A. DC. l.c.and DC.

Prod. p. 496. E. & Z. 2417.

Var. 8. Thunbergiana ; leaves subciliated ; corolla as long as the leaves, gla-

brous ; lobes sublinear. Trracheliwm tenuifolium, Thunb. herbar, var. a. Prod. jl.

cap. p. 38, et Roella tenuifolia, fl. cap. p. 174, ex pte.

Var. y. Eckloniana; leaves short, more or less ciliated; corolla one half or twice

longer than the leaves ; lobes lanceolate. M. Eckloniana, Buek? in E. & Z. enum.

2420, +

Has. Mountains Hauhoeksberg, and in Hottentottsholland, Thunb. £. & Z. Zey.

3152. Var. +. near the cataract of Tulbagh, Z. § Z. Dec—Jan. (Herb. Thunb.,

Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Stems solitary or several from the root, simple or branched, 4-6 inches high.

Leaves in var. a, nearly 1 inch long, at the base } line wide, recurved at the ciliated

apex. In var. 8. 6-8 lines, in var. y. 3-4 lines long. Calyx lobes } line long.

Lobes of corolla 1-1} line long. Style not much exceeding the corolla, rarely twice

longer than the lobes. Ovary minute, at the base with 2 linear bracts. Var. y-

has nd, the habit of M. brevifolia, from which it differs by the elongated blue

corolla.

2. M. brevifolia (A. DC.! 1. c. p. 371); leaves ciliated ; corolla white;

as long ora little shorter than the leaves, 4~5-lobed at the apex; lobes

spreading ; style as long ordoubly longer than the corolla. DC. Prod.

p. 496. Deless, Icon. Select. vol. 5, p.7,t. 17. M. brevifolia et leptoloba ;

E. & Z. 2418, 2419. Trachelium tenuifolium, var. B. Thund.! herb.

Roella tenuifolia, fl. cap, ex part.

Var. y. leptoloba ; leaves longer ; lobes of corolla linear, nearly as long as the

tube. M. leptoloba, A. DC. 1. ¢. p. 371.

Has. Babylon’s Toornberg, Thunb. Zey. 3154. Dutoitskloof, Drege. Zwarte-

berg, Caledon, and on the Steenberge near Muysenberg, Z. § Z. Genadenthal,

Dr. Roser. Var. B. Cape, Dr. Thom. In district Caledon, Zey. Dec.-Feb. (Herb.

Thunb., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Habit of the preceding, but branches more slender. Leaves 4-6 lines long, in .

some specimens rarely 3 lines long, and very rigid-ciliated. Corolla 4-5 lines long.

Style not exceeding the lobes of corolla, or twice longer. M. heteromorpha, Buek !

m E. & Z, enum. 2421, is a Rubiacea.

XVII. SIPHOCODON, Turezan. (Emend.)

Calyx 5-parted, tube ovoid, Corolla tubular, 5-lobed at the apex ;

tube narrow. Stamens 5, filaments short, inserted in the middle of tube

of the corolla; anthers free, 2-celled, longer than the filaments. Ovary

circumscissile below the calyx lobes, 3-celled; cells 2-ovulate ; pla-

centa affixed to the vertex. Style filiform; stigmas 3, revolute. Cap-

sule opening transversely, the upper part of the calyx falling off ; the

cup-like remains 3-celled, cells r-seeded. Seeds ovoid, with very loose,

thin, om testa. Turczaninof decas. f. gen. nov. in. Bullet. Mose. 1852,

3; P- 39.

_ Aslender, much branched, quite glabrous subshrub, with the habit of Thesium.

Branches subangulate, filiform, virgate, Leaves alternate, linear, trigonal, minute,

squamiform, appressed, Flowers blue, shortly peduncled, racemose ; racemes often

Cyphia. | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 597

1. S, spartioides (Turez. 1. c.).

Has. Sandy grassy places on Klynhowhoek, Zey. 3103. Rocky places, Zwarte-

berg, Caledon, Zey. 3103, b, Dr. Pappe. Nov.-Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)

Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves 1 line long, distant. Flowers at top of the branches.

Peduncles 1-2 lines long. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, twice longer than

the tube, but 3 times shorter than the corolla. Corolla about 4 an inch long. Cap-

sule, when ripe and opened, 1 line long.

( Doubtful genus.)

RuHIGIOPHYLLUM, Hochst.

Calyx-tube ovate, short ; limb 5-parted, lobes linear-lanceolate, much longer than

the tube. Corolla elongated, tubular, tube very narrow, much longer than the

calyx, limb 5-parted with spreading, oblong, obtuse lobes. Stamens 5, subinclosed,

filaments inserted below the apex of the tube (but decurrent nearly to the base).

Ovary inferior, 3-locular, cells with many ovules. Style very long, filiform, exserted ;

stigmas 3-lobed, lobes spreading, recurved. Capsule 3-celled, as it seems operculate

by the persistent base of style; ripe capsule unknown. Regensb. Bot. Zeity. 1842, 13.

A very rigid shrub, with the habit of Roella. Leaves imbricated. squarrose,

quite entire. Flowers capitate, bracteolate. Name from fryios, stiff, and puAAor,

leaf.

1. RB. squarrosum (Hochst. in Krauss, pl. ext. 1088).

Has. Stony sandy hills near Elin, Zwellendam, Dr, Krauss. Dec.

1-14 foot high, branches erect. Leaves rhombic-obovate, acute, coriaceous, quite

smooth, subquadrifarious-imbricated, appressed to the stem by a cuneate base, the

apex spreading, squarrose, quite entire, shining, the middle nerve prominent below.

Flowers purple, aggregated to a head, separated by lanceolate, rigid bractew, and

the pedicels with 2 similar bracteole.

Campanula stellata, Thunb. ! Mem. Acad. Petrop. 4, p. 373 is Viola scrotiformis,

DC. in fruit. Campanula integra, var. 5. herb. Thunb. is Tenaris rubella, E. Mey.

an Asclepiadea.

TRIBE 3.—CYPHIEE (Gen. XVIII.)

XVIII. CYPHIA, Berg.

Calyz-tube turbinate, adhering to the ovary, limb 6-parted, the seg-

ments subunequal. Petals 5, their claws conniving in a split tube, or

slightly cohering above or below; limbs subequal, spreading as a

2-lipped corolla. St. 5, fil. pilose; anthers free, often hispid on the

connective at back. Ovary inferior or half inferior, 2-celled, many

ovuled ; style simple, stigma with an obsolete, ciliate indusium. Caps.

2-celled, many-seeded. Lndl. Gen. 3041. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 498.

Herbaceous, perennial plants, with alternate, undivided, pinnatifid or pinnate

leaves, and blue, white, or red flowers. Name from xugos, curved; in reference

to the stigma being gibbous.

* Eucyphia. Corolla hypocrateriform or tubulose, bilabiato-pentapetalous.

1. Stem erect, scape-like ; leaves all radical.

Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, denticulate ... ... ... ... (1) Phyteuma,

Leaves obovate, incised, or subpinnatifid ... ... ... ... ... (2) incisa.

Leaves deeply pinnatifid or pinnate ... ... ... ... ... ... (3) Cardamines,

2. Stem erect, leafy, radical leaves none.

Leaves palmatipartite, lobes linear-oblong, entire or divided ... (8) bulbosa,

Leaves linear-lanceolate, remotely serrulated ; pedicels shorter

oe ” ee gene ere eee

Leaves narrow-linear (4-6 lines long) ; pedicels longer than

the ovato-acuminate bractez ; calyx-lobes triangular, acute,

longer than the tube: a a CS) Canon,

“+

598 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [Cyphia.

Leaves narrow-linear (6-12 lines long) ; pedicels longer than

the capillary bracteze ; culyx-lobes triangular, acute, as

long asthe tube ... .. (6) linarioides.

Leaves linear, elongate (2-3 inch. long) : pedicels shorter than :

the capillary bractez ; calyx—lobes lanceolate, subulate ... (7) assimilis.

Leaves oblongo-lanceolate, acute, denticulate ; petals longer

Pee ns ONE YK-S0DO8 CC Ss. 2 iS sae ie eee tap pec a

Leaves oblong, obtuse, apiculate, crenulate ; petals bearded,

nearly as long as the calyx-lobes ... ... se +s. + --. (10) oblongifolia.

Leaves cordate, acute, serrato-dentate ... ... es... eee (41) Gerrardi.

3. Stem twining.

Leaves similar, broadly-ovate, cuneate at the base, serrato-

deirtahe < ss6 Habe nes cies ES A. Se ERD corylifolia.

Leaves ovato- or oblongo-lanceolate, lobate at the base ; the

upper lanceolate; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; petals equal-

ling the style oo oo. eee oer oo eee 7 eee te wae

Leaves ovate or oblong, acute, subtrilobed at the base ; the

upper 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate ; flowers axillary, solitary ;

(13) ¢renata.

twice longer than thestyle -.. ... ... +. ... ... (14) heterophylla.

Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, elongate, entire or denticulate ... (15) sylvatica.

Leaves sessile, lanceolate, elongate, undulately and coarsely

dentate orimcised 0.2 sas ne See ne ee ee

Leaves sessile, linear, callously dentate with reflexed margins ;

bractese 3-partite or entire ... 2. se vee wee ees = (19) Volubilis.

Leaves ternate or deeply 3-partite, segments lanceolate (1-14

inch long, 2~3 lines wide), entire, or the lateral 2-parted ;

beckon 3-pertiie of emilre: <2 Sa

Leaves digitately 3-5-partite ; segments linear (1}-1 inch long,

(16) undulata.

(17) dentaricefolia.

4 line wide); bracteze 3-partite or entire ... . ...- (18) digitata.

** Cyphiella, Corolla hypocrateriform, tube at length irregularly split at the base,

not bilabiato-5-petalous.

Stems twining... «.. mee we ames. (20) Zeyheriana.

1. C. Phyteuma (Willd. Spec. 1, p. 953); perennial; stem simple,

erect, striate, glabrous or hairy, naked or with some narrow scales ;

leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, remotely denticulated, tapering in a

short petiole, hairy or glabrous ; flowers subspicate ; pedicels shorter

than the ovate-acuminate, ciliate bractes, glabrous ; calyx glabrous,

lobes lanceolate-acuminate, serrate, at length reflexed, longer than the

tube ; corolla 3-times longer than the calyx-lobes. Ker. Bot. Reg. t.

625. Preslin comm. pl. Drege, p. 292, E. & Z. 2423. Lobelia Phy-

teuma, Linn. spec. p. 1319. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 184. L. nudicaulis

Lam. dict. 3, p. 599. Cyphia serrata Spr. syst. 1, p. 809. Herb. Un. itin.

230. Zey. 3098.

Has. Sandy flats and hills near Capetown, Hotthld., Rivierzonder Ende, Buf-

feljagdrivier, Caledon, Paarl, Klipfontein, Roodesand, Giftberg, etc. Sept.—Oct.

(Herb. Thunb., Holm., Hook, D., Sd.)

Root tuberous. Stem about 1 foot, spike 3-6 inches long. ‘Leaves spreading,

' 1-2 inches long, obtuse or acute. Calyx of the upper flowers nearly sessile, lobes

rather longer than the tube. Bractee 3. Corolla 4 inch long, 2-labiate, pink or

flesh-coloured ; at length separated, lanceolate. Anthers hirsute. Capsule

half superior ; base hemispherical, 3 lines long, ro-nerved and reticulated;

2-celled ; the upper part free, a little longer than the base, ovate, acute, bisulcate ;

at length dehiscent by 2 bipartite valves. Seeds winged ; perfect not seen.

Cyphia.] CAMPANULACE& (Sond.) 599

sulcate, hirsute naked ; leaves petiolate, hirsute, as long or rather shorter

than the petiole, obovate, obtuse, incised, subpinnatifid; flowers race-

mose ; pedicels longer than the bractez, hirsute as well as the calyx

with erect, linear-lanceolate lobes; corolla 3-4 times longer than the

calyx-lobes. A. DC. l. ¢. p. 449, #. & Z.,2424. Lobelia incisa, Thunb.

Fl. Cap. p. 185.

Has. Sandy places near Capetown and in Swellandam, Thunb., E. § Z., W. H.

Harvey. Oct.-Nov. (Herb. Th., Hook, D., Sd.)

Very similar in habit to the preceding, but a distinct species. The whole plant is

hirsute ; the leaves sinuato-pinnatifid, particularly at the base, 1 inch long ; the pe-

dicels are not very short, as indicated by Thunberg, but 4--6 lines long, at the base

with 3 lanceolate or linear bractew, Raceme 4-8 flowers ; the calyx-lobes ciliated

but not serrate ; corolla 2-labiate, petals lanceolate ; anthers hirsute. Capsule as

in C. Phytewma ; the upper part longer than the tube, splitting in 4 (or in 2,

at length bipartite) valves. Seeds compressed, flat, broadly winged, orbicular, ‘2

lines in diameter ; wings thin, scarious, nearly as wide as the elliptical body of the

seed. Embryo straight, lying in the middle of fleshy albumen ; radicle next the hilum.

3. C, Cardamines (Willd. Spec. 1, p.953); perennial ; stem simple,

erect, sulcate, hirsute, naked ; leaves petiolated, pinnatifid or pinnate ;

leaflets ovate, toothed or 2—3 lobed, pilose ; flowers racemose, pedicels

as long or longer than the bractez, subhirsute as well as the calyx with

erect, linear-lanceolate lobes ; corolla 3-4 times longer than the calyx-

lobes. DC. 1. ¢., H. § Z. 2425. Lobelia Cardamines, Thunb.! Fl. Cap.

p. 185.

Has. Sandy fields near Capetown and at Greenpoint, Thunb., E. § Z., W. H.

Harvey. Aug.-Sept. (Herb. Holm., D., Sd.)

Probably a variety of C. incisa, with more rigid leaves. Petioles 1} inch, nar-

row, as long or longer than the limb, with 3-lobed terminal lobes and toothed or

lobed lateral ents. Raceme 4—6-flowered ; pedicels 4-2 lines long. Corolla and

anthers as in the preceding ; capsule a little broader, the seeds quite the same.

3. C. persicifolia (Presl ! comm. pl. Drege, p. 296) ; perennial, gla-

brous ; stem erect, simple, angulate-striate, leafy ; leaves sessile, linear-

lanceolate, subacute, remotely serrulated, with revolute margins ; upper

ones much smaller, subappressed ; flowers subspicate ; pedicels shorter

than the lanceolate bractez, calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, serrate, erect,

longer than the tube, 4 times shorter than the corolla; anthers gla-

brous. DC. 1. ¢., Harv. Thes.cap.t. 159.

Has. Grassy hills near Morley, Drege ; Transkey, Mrs. FP. W. Barber. (Herb.

D., Sd.

Sian ska feet high. Leaves 2-3 inches long, about two lines wide, uninerved,

the upper 8-4 lines long, } line wide. Spike 4-6 inches, sometimes branched at the

base, many-flowered,' pedicels 3-1 line long. Flowers 3-inch, incurved. Corolla

bilabiate, petals free. Filaments hairy at apex. Ovary half superior. Stigma obtuse,

5. C. campestris (E & Z.! 2438); glabrous; stem erect, terete, striate,

branched at the base ; branches divergent ; leaves sessile, linear, nar-

row, remotely denticulate and entire ; racemes flexuous; pedicels one

half longer than the ovato-acuminate, entire or 3-lobed bractea, bibrac-

teolate at the apex ; calyx-lobes triangular, acute, erect, longer than

the very short turbinate tube. C. linarioides Presl! Comm. pl. Drege,

I, p- 294, ex parte,

600 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) [| Cyphia.

Has. Hills near Zwarteberg, Caledon, £. § Z., Drege. Aug. (Herb. Sond.)

Root tuberous, edible. Stem 6—12 inches, often flexuous. Leaves 4-6 lines long,

3 line wide. Raceme simple, 2-4 inches long, sometimes branched. FPedicels 2-3

lines long. Calyx 1 line long ; corolla 4—5 lines. Filaments hairy ; anthers hirsute.

6. C. linarioides (Presl! E. & Z.! 2437); glabrous or minutely

pubescent above ; stem erect, branched at the base ; branches diver-

gent; leaves sessile, linear, narrow, remotely denticulate ; raceme flexu-

ous ; pedicels longer than the capillaceous entire bracteze, bibracteolate

at the apex ; calyx-lobes triangular, acute, erect, as long as the short

turbinate tube; filaments three times longer than the anthers. C.

tenuifolia, A. DC. 1. ¢. p. 498. Lightfootia sessilifolia Zeyh. pl. exs. 227,

non 203. C.linarivides 8. micrantha Presl! in Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 294.

Has. On the fields near the Zwartkopsriver, £. § Z. ; Rivierzonder Einde, near

Appelskraal, Zeyher, 3088. Grahamstown, Col. Bolton ; distr. of Albert, 7’. Cooper ;

on the Garip, Drege. Feb.-March. (Herb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Quite similar to C. campestris, and only distinct by shorter pedicels, capillaceous

bracts and calyx-lobes. Leaves 6-12 lines long, about 4 line wide. Raceme uni-

lateral, 1-4 inches long. Pedicels 1-14 line long, fruit-bearing longer. Flowers

usually a little smaller than in the preceding, 4 lines long, not much longer than the

stamens. Capsule half superior, the size of a pea; the base hemisphaerical, 10-

nerved ; the upper free part acute, as long or somewhat longer than the base, dehis-

cent by 4 valves. Seeds small, triquetrous. The tuberous, eatable rootis called by

the Hottentotts ‘“Barroe.”

7. C, assimilis (Sond.); glabrous; stem erect, simple; leaves ses-

sile, linear, elongate, narrow, remotely denticulate ; raceme evidently

pedunculate; pedicels shorter than the capillaceous, entire bractea;

calyx-lobes lanceolate, subulate, as long or longer than the turbinate

tube ; filaments as long as the anthers. C. linarwides y. major, Presl. !

in EB. & Z., enumer. p. 391. é

Has. Hills near Klipplaat river, Tambukiland, E. f Z. ; Alice, Victoria East,

Dr. Pappe. April. (Herb., Hook., D., Sd.)

Perennial like C. linarioides, 1-1} foot high, leafy in the lower and middle part,

naked above. Leaves 2-3 inches long, nearly 1 line wide. Raceme 4-8 flowered.

a 1 line long. Petals lanceolate, 6-8 lines long. Stamens short, anthers

ute.

8. C. bulbosa (Berg. cap. p. 172) ; root tuberous; stem erect, simple,

minutely pubescent or subglabrous ; lower leaves palmatipartite, taper-

ing in a short petiole ; lobes linear-oblong, entire or irregularly 2-fid

and toothed; upper leaves sessile, deeply 3-7-fid ; flowers spicate-_

racemose ; pedicels shorter than the leaf, bibracteolate at apex; calyx-

lobes lanceolate, 3 times longer than the turbinate tube. Willd. Spec.

I, p. 953, H. § Z. 2426. Herb. Un. itin. 231. Zeyh. 3096. Sieb. pl.

cap. 136. Lobelia bulbosa Linn. Spec. p. 1319. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 184.

Burm. Afr. t. 38, f. 2. Cyphia bulbosa, var. a. et 8. Presl in Comm. pl.

Dreg. C. Botrys Willd.! in Roem. and Sch. syst. 5, p. 477.

Has. Stony hills of the mountains in the districts of Cape and Stellenbosch.

Aug.-Sept. (Herb., Thunb., Holm., Willd., Hook., D., Sd.)

Stem simple, rarely with a few branches, }-1 foot, striate or angulate-striate-

Leaves commonly 1 inch long and wide, on a shorter cuneate petiole ; lobes 1 line,

Sometimes 4 line wide (var. angustiloba DC.), the middle pinnatifid. Up

leaves often entire, Raceme many flowered. Flowers about }inchlong. Capsule

Cyphia. | CAMPANULACES (Sond.) 601

4 lines long, half superior, the upper free part ovate acute, longer than the hemis-

pherical, 10-nerved lower part or tube, dehiscing by 4 acute valves. Seeds com-

pressed, angular, subtriquetrous, glabrous, minutely punctate, nearly 1 line long.

9, C. elata (Harv. Thes. Cap.t. 160); minutely pubescent or glabrous ;

stem erect, simple, leafy ; leaves sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, denti-

culate ; flowers subsessile, disposed into a dense-flowered terminal leafy

spike ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, deeply incised or pinnatifid, separated

by the lanceolate minutely pubescent or subglabrous petals.

Var. y. glabra; (Harv.), stem, leaves, bractez, and calyx glabrous; petals sub-

pubescent inside.

Haz. Draakensberg, Orange Free State, 7. Cooper, 1087. Var. 8. Port Natal,

Gerrard and M’Ken., 1462. (Herb., D.)

Stem 3-4 feet high. Leaves coriaceous, veined beneath, with subrevolute acutely

denticulate margins, 2-24 inches long, 6-8 lines wide, the upper smaller. Brac-

tez ovate-acuminate, including 1 or several flowers or a few-flowered spike. Calyx-

tube turbinate with 2-4 linear-lanceolate ciliated bractez, lobes of calyx 3 times

— than the tube. Petals narrow, 4 lines long. Filaments hairy, anthers

pid.

10. C. oblongifolia (Sond. and Harv.) ; minutely hairy, subglabrous

at the base ; stem erect, simple, leafy; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse,

apiculate, crenulate-toothed ; flowers disposed in a terminal spike;

bractese serrato-incised; calyx-lobes lanceolate, with 2 or 4 tooth-like

cilia, scarcely longer than the lanceolate, bearded petals.

Has. Ingoma, Port Natal, Ger. and M’K. 1463. (Herb., D.)

Very nearly allied in habit and characters to C. elata. Lower leaves 11 inch long,

6 lines wide, the upper gradually smaller and more acutely denticulate, leaves alter-

nate, including one fiower. Bractez equalling the sessile flower. Petals very nar-

row, 3-4 lines long, bearded by white hairs inside.

11, C. Gerrardi (Harv. Mss.) ; pubescent all over ; stem erect, simple

or branched above, leafy ; leaves sessile, cordate or ovate cordate, acute,

serrato-dentate ; flowers aggregated in the axils of the bractea, forming

an elongated, leafy, many flowered spike, sometimes’ branched at the

base ; bracteolae linear, longer than the pedicels ; calyx-lobes linear

acuminate, with some cilia-like teeth, much longer than the tube ;

petals narrow, scarcely longer than the calyx-lobes. 2

Has. Ingoma, Zulu, Port Natal, Ger. and MK. 1461, 1464. (Herb., D.)

4-6 feet high. Cauline leaf—only one seen—3 inches long, 2 inches wide, coria-

ceous, veined beneath, multidentate. Upper leaves much smaller, cuspidate. Brac-

tee ovato-acuminate, about as long as the fascicles of flowers. Calyx tube 1 line,

the lobes 2-2} lineslong. Petals lanceolate, acuminate, and recurved at apex, hairy.

late-striate, minutely pubescent ; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, acute,

cuneate at the base, serrato-dentate, glabrous ; flowers disposed into an

elongated remote-flowered spike, the lower fascicled in the axil of the

leaves, the upper geminate or solitary with lanceolate or linear bractez ;

calyx-tube turbinate, hairy, 3-times shorter than the linear-lanceolate

1—3-dentate lobes; petals lanceolate, subglabrous, one half longer than

the calyx.

Has. Ingoma, Port Natal, Ger. and MK. 1465. Feb. (Herb., D.)

388

602 CAMPANULACE (Sond.) | Cyphia.

Perennial. Branches 4-6 feet. Leaves about 1-1} inch long and broad, much

veined and paler beneath; petiole 4-6 lines long. Flowers shortly pedicellate, the

lower fascicles 6-8 flowered, 3-4 times shorter than the leaf, distant from the follow-

ing fascicle by an interval of 2 inches. Uppermost flowers more approximte, as

long or longer than the bracteze. Corolla 4-5 lines long. Ovary half superior.

18. C. crenata (Sond.); quite glabrous; stem and branches filiform

striate, twining; leaves shortly petiolate, ovato- or oblongo-lanceolate,

dentato-lobate at the base, remotely denticulated at the apex; upper

ones lanceolate crenato-serrate ; racemes axillary, few-flowered, subses-

sile, about as long as the leafy bractew; pedicels much longer than the

linear bracteole ; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, erect, spreading, acute,

4-5 times longer than the very short tube, $ shorter than the narrow

spreading petals, Lobelia crenata. Thunb.! Prod. p. 39. Fl. Cap. p. 180.

Cyphia Dregeana Presl.! Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 294. C. atriplicifolia, Presl!

LE. & Z. 2428. .

Has. Sandy places, Rietvalley and Simonsbay, Z. j Z., near Saldanhabay,

Thunb. Drege. (Herb., Thunb., Sd.)

Habit of Convolvulus like the preceding. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 6-10 lines wide,

membranaceous, remotely and bluntish-toothed, the upper ones about 1 inch long,

3-4 lines wide, the bractez entire or nearly so, Petiole 2-3 lines long. Raceme

shortly peduncled or subsessile, 3-5 flowered, pedicels unequal, 4-8 lines long, with

2 bracteolz at the base. Calyx-lobes entire, 2 lines long. Petals acuminate, rather

longer than the calyx, equalling the style, with incrassate apex. Capsule sub-

globose, the size of a pea, It varies but rarely with solitary pedicels in the upper-

most axils. The raceme, if indistinctly-peduncled, has the aspect of an umbel.

Drege’s specimens are more perfect than those of Thunberg. C. crenata Presi is a

doubtful plant ; it seems not different from C. sylvatica.

14. C. heterophylla (Presl! E. & Z. 2429) ; glabrous ; stem and

branches twining, terete ; leaves petiolate, the lower ovate or oblong,

acute, unequally denticulate or serrate, angulate or subtrilobed at the

base, upper ones trilobed, lobes lanceolate, acute, serrate and entire,

middle lobe 2-3-times longer ; flowers axillary, solitary, disposed in an

elongate raceme ; pedicels bibracteolate in the middle, equalling the

evato-lanceolate bractez ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, 3-times longer

than the tube, 4—5-times shorter than the petals, Z. Mey. comm. pl.

Drege, p. 297. DC. l. c. p. 500,

Has. Woods at Ganzevalei, near Doukamma, : » LG Zs

Mrs. F. W. Barber. Sept. (Herb. Hook, Sd.) sk pal salina aie tn en

Branches very long. Leaves very variable in size, the lower and middle 1-2 inches

long, the upper 6-8 lines long, with very short lateral lobes. Petiole 4-6 lines long. -

Bractee and pedicels 6-3 lines long. Calyx-lobes acuminate. Corolla 6-8 lines

long, twice as long as the stamens and style. It varies with sessile and petiolate

bractez, and shorter pedicels. = Ay

15. C. sylvatica (Eckl.! in South Afr. Quart Journ. 1830, p. 373)3

glabrous ; stem subangulate, with the branches twining ; leaves shortly

petiolate, alternate, distant, narrow, lanceolate, elongate, entire or re-

_Mmotely denticulate, acute, callous, attenuate at the base, floral ones

sublinear ; flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled ; bracteze minute, capil-

_ lary, much shorter than the peduncle ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute,

a little longer than the turbi we SF ici folu

Es ta e inate tube. H. & Z, 2427. C. salvcifolia,

Cyphia.] CAMPANULACEZ (Sond ) 603

Has. In thickets near the Zwartkopsriver, 7. § Z., Zey. 3090; Dr. Pappe, T.

Cooper, 1466; Albany, 7. Williamson; Boshmansrivier, 2, § Z.; Brackfontein,

£.§Z, April-Aug. (Herb. D., Sd.)

In habit like C. crenata, but the leaves are narrower, entire, and the flowers soli-

tary. Leaves 14~3 inches long, 2-3 lines wide; petiole 1 line long, sometimes

nearly wanting. Pedicels 3-4 lines long, twice shorter than the corolla. Capsule

the size of a large pea, half superior, dehiscing in 4 valves ; the tube hemispherical,

to-nerved. Seeds angular, nearly 1 line long. The large root is eatable, and called

Bosh-barroe by the Hottentotts.

16. C, undulata (Eckl ! in South Afric., Quart. Journ. 1830, p. 373);

glabrous; stem subangulate, simple, erect, at length subbranched and

twining ; leaves sessile, the radical aggregate, oblong, or ovato-lanceolate,

undulated ; cauline alternate, lanceolate or elongate-lanceolate, undu-

lately and coarsely dentate or subincised, floral ones linear-lanceolate

or linear, entire or denticulate; pedicels axillary, solitary, racemose ;

bractez capillary, minute, shorter than the pedicels ; calyx-lobes lan-

ceolate, acute, longer than the urceolate tube. C. anomala, E. § Z.!

2434. C. angustifolia, E. & Z. 2436.

Has. Amongst grasses in the hills between Coega and Zondagsriver, near Trom-

peterspoort and Grootriver, Winterhoeksberg and Zuureberg, EZ. § Z.; above

Elandsriver, Zey. 3087. March.—June. (Herb. Hook, D., Sd.)

Very near C. Sylvatica; the stem is often simple, scareely twining, more leafy and

the sessile leaves wider and eroso-dentate or subincised. Root fleshy, eatable, called

Veld-barroe. Leaves about 1 inch long, 3-4 lines wide, in the upper part longer

and narrower, but near the base snide and wider. Flowers forming a short or

elongate, secundate raceme, usually leafless. Corolla half an inch long. Capsule

half superior, the size of a pea, 4-valved. Seeds 4 line long, 3-quetrous, C. undu-

lata is the simple-stemmed plant, C. anomala the same with elongated raceme, C.

angustifolia much-branched,

glabrous, stem terete, striate, branched’; leaves ternate or deeply tri-

partite, lower ones petiolate; leaflets or segments tapering at the

base or on a short petiolule, lateral ones bipartite, the segments as

well as the middle lobe or leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, entire or re~

motely serrulate; upper leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, smaller 3-fid,

with linear, entire lobes; bracteze linear, entire ; pedicels axillary, soli-

tary, shorter than the leaf, bibracteolate ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute,

twice longer than the tube. C. digitata, var. 8. major, E. § Z.! 2439.

Has, Among shrubs near Driefontein, Drege, 6276 ; on the side of Table

Mountain, near Constantia, Z. § Z.; Bergrivierspoort, Zey. 1048. July—Aug.

Herb. Sd.

acenn than C. digitata, Petioles of the lower leaves 4-6 lines long. Middle

lobe or leaflet 1-1} inch long, 2-3 lines wide, the lateral lobes or leaflets one half

shorter. Fioral leaves equalling or longer, rarely shorter than the pedicels. Calyx-

lobes acuminate, nearly 14 line, corolla 6-8 lines long. Filaments hairy ; anthers

18, C. digitata (Willd. spec. 1, p. 953); glabrous ; stem terete, striate,

branched ; leaves shortly petiolate or subsessile, digitately 3—5-parted,

segments linear-oblong or linear, entire or bifid, equal or the middle

longer ; upper leaves or bracteze 3-parted, rarely entire; pedicels axil-

lary, solitary, as long or longer than the bractea ; calyx-lobes ovato-

604 CAMPANULACEZ (Sond.) [Seaevola.

lanceolate, acute, longer than the tube, Z. and Z. 2439, excl. var. B Lo-

belia digitata Thunb. Fl. Cap. p.185. C. digitata et polydactyla Presi!

in E, Mey. Comm. pl. Drege, p. 296, DC. 1. ¢. p. 500. C. angustiloba

Presi! in E. § Z, 2430.

Var. 8. tomentosa ; pubescent or leaves, pedicels and calyx subglabrous. C. to-

mentosa, Prest ! 1. c. p. 295, C. digitata, E. § Z. 2439, ex pte.

Has. Hills and sandy places near Capetown and Drakenstein, Thunb. ; Ronde-

bosh, Brackfontein, and in Zwarteberg, Caledon, Z. § Z.; Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe ;

Hassaquaskloof and Rivierzonder Einde, Zey. 3091, 3095 ; Dutoitskloof, Wupper-

thal and Modderfontainsberg, Drege; var. 8. Paarl and on Hexrivier, Drege. Jun.-

Aug. (Herb. Holm., Hook, Sd.)

Root fleshy, bulbous, eatible. Stem twining, filiform. Subradical leaves ovate

or ovato-lanceolate, serrate or incised ; the cauline digitate, lobes 4-1 inch long, 4

line wide, the middle often somewhat longer and a little wider. Bractea 3-lobed,

middle lobe longer. Pedicels with two very small bracteole. Calyx-lobes 1 line

long. Corolla 4-5 lines long.

19, C. volubilis (Willd. spec. 1,p.952); glabrous; stem terete, branch-

~~ ed; leaves sessile, distant, linear, callously dentate with incrassate re-

flexed margins; upper leaves and bractez entire or tripartite ; pedicels

axillary, solitary, as long or longer than the bractez ; calyx-lobes ovato-

acuminate, longer than the turbinate tube. Lobelia volubilis, Thunb.!

Prod. p. 39, fl. cap. p. fh . Herb. Un. Itin. 232, C. volubilis, longipetala

and latipetala, Presl! E, & Z. 2433, 2431, 2440.

Has. Hills and mountains, Lions and Table Mountain, Thunb., W. H. Harv.

Palmietriver and Zwarteberg, Caledon, Z. § Z.; Paarlberg, Sparrbosch and Du-

toitskloof, Drege; Simonsbay, C. Wright ; Rivierzonder Einde and on the foot of

Babylonisches Toornsberg, Zeyh, 3093, 3094. Jul.—Sept. (Herb. Thunb., Holm.,

Hook., D., Sd.)

Perennial. Leaves 1 inch or more long, }-1 line wide. Corolla 6-8 lines long,

bilabiato-pentapetalous. It varies with subentire leaves and hairy or subglabrous

anthers, and is distinguished from C. digitata by linear not digitate lower leaves and

larger flowers, with usually longer lobes of corolla.

20. C. Zeyheriana (Presl! E. & Z. 2442); glabrous, stem twining,

terete, striate, somewhat branched; leaves sessile, distant, digitately

3-5-parted; segments unequal, linear, denticulate ; floral ones smaller,

tripartite ; flowers axillary, solitary, shortly pedicellate; calyx-lobes

linear-lanceolate, acute, longer than the tube ; corolla hypocrateriform,

tube 3-times longer than the calyx.

Vaz. y. Eckloniana; flowers smaller. C. Eckloniana, Presl! E.G Z. 2441.

Has. Stony hills near Brackfontein, Clanwilliam ; var. 8. on the River Zonde

Einde, Swellendam, £.g Z. July-Sept. (Herb., Sd.)

Very similar to @. digitata, and only differing by mostly tripartite leaves and

gamopetalous, not bilabiato-pentapetalous corolla. Cauline leaves 1-1} inch long,

about 1 line wide. Corolla 6 lines long, lobes ovate or oblong-lanceolate. It varies

but rarely with undivided leayes at the base of the branches.

TRIBE 4.—GOODENOVIEE (Gen. XIX.)

XIX. SCAEVOLA, Linn.

Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, rarely subentire. Corolla cleft longitu-

dinally on the upper side, limb 5-parted, all to one side ; lobes winged,

about equal in size and shape. Anthers free. Indusium of stigma

Scaevola. | CAMPANULACE (Sond.) 605

ciliated. Drupe fleshy or dry, 1-4-locular; cells 1-seeded. 2. Brown

Prod. p. 582. Endl. Gen. 3038.

Shrubs and herbs very variable in habit. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, quite

entire or toothed or subincised. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers bibracteate. Cor-

olla white or blue, rarely yellow. Name from scaeva, the left hand, in reference to

the form of the corolla,

1, S. Thunbergii (E. & Z. ! 2422); shrubby, glabrous ; leaves obo-

vate, obtuse, quite entire, subpetiolate, fleshy, with bearded axils ;

peduncles axillary, angulate, dichotomous, cymose-spiked ; bractez

linear, opposite ; calyx campanulate, bluntish, denticulate; tube of cor-

olla very villous inside, twice longer than the calyx, lobes marginate ;

style villous at the base; drupe globose, smooth, bilocular. Presi in

E£. Mey. Comm. pl. Dreg. p. 292. S. Lobelia Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 186.

Has. Sea shore near Mosselbay, Thunb.; Albany, H. Hution; Algoabay

and mouth of the Zwartkops river, £. d Z. Zeyh, 3086; Port Natal, Drege, 7.

Williamson. Nov.-Dec. (Herb., Thunb., Holm., Hook., D., Sd.)

Leaves 2-3 inches long, 13 in. wide. Flowers nearly 1 in. long. Drupe the size

of a small cherry. [Scarcely, if at all, different from S. Plwmiert, Vahl. W.H.H.]

607

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

Page 1, line 35, from the char. of Stylocoryne remove the words

“or funnel-shaped,” and transfer them to that of Gardenia, after the

words “ salver-shaped.”

Page 17, line 24, for parviflora read pauciflora.

Page 47, for the synonyms of Ethulia conyzoides, instead of D.

Kraussii, D. gracilis, D. angustifolia, read EL. Kraussii, £. gracilis, L.

angustifolia.

Page 60, line 46, for (Gen, 1~24.) read (Gen. 11-24).

Page 86, in the gen. char. of Erigeron, insert “or” between the

words “honey-combed” “ fimbrilliferous.”

Page 92, in the gen. char. of Garuleum, for “abortive ovules”

read ‘“ abortive ovaries.”

Page 94, for 2. C. tenuifolia read 3, C, tenuifolia.

Page 130, in the table, char. of (100) Leyssera, for “pappus in the

ray of short brzstles” read “ pap. in the ray of short scales,”

Page 153, immediately before Eumorphia, introduce :

Sub-tribe 3. ANTHEMIDEH. (Gen. 50-75.)

Page 158, under G. trifurcata, add the syn. Osteospermum tenuifolium,

DC. 1, c. 467, ex pte.

Page 159, after G, ericoides, insert :

12. G. polytrichoides (Harv.); stems shrubby, dichotomous, closely

set with slender leaves, glabrous ; leaves setaceo-subulate, mucronate,

recurvo-patent or squarrose; pedune, filiform, elongate; inv. sc. sub-

connate at base, lanceolate.

Has. Shady slopes, E. of Woert’s Hill, Grahamstown, P. Mae Owan, 517. (Hb. D.)

Like G. ericoides, but with much longer and more slender and tapering,

or recurved leayes, Lys. 4-61 long, not 31, diameter. Pedunc, 2-3 in. long.

(Imperfeetly known species.)

G.? pinnatipartita (DC.); “glabrous; stem shrubby, erect, simple,

or scarcely branched, densely leafy ; leaves crowded, pinnatipartite, the

lobes on each side 2-3 pair, together with the terminal lobe and rachis

linear, entire, scarcely acute; pedicels nude, 1-headed, 3—4 times longer

608 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

than the leaves; inv. sc. concrete at base only; rays 12-133; ray-ach.

muricate-echinulate (young).” Osteospermum pinnatipartitum, DC. l. ¢.

p. 467.

Has. Langekloof, Drege.

G.? leiocarpa (DC.); “glabrous; stem shrubby, erect, slender, sub-

simple, densely leafy; leaves pinnatipartite, lobes and rachis linear,

entire, mucronate, in 3-pair, the lower lobes shorter, 3-terminal longer,

equal; pedicels 4 times as long as the leaves, nude, 1-headed ; iny.

8-fid; rays 8, oval; young achenes smooth.” Osteospermum leiocarpum,

DC. 1. c. 467.

Page 162, after C. segetum, add:

1,.* C. coronarium (Linn. Sp. 1264); herbaceous, glabrous ; stem

erect, diffuse, branched; leaves ear-clasping, bipinnatipartite, the lobes

lanceolate, dilated upwards, serrate ; branches nude, 1-headed ; all the

inv. se. membrane-edged. DC. 1. c. 64.

Has. Cape flats, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd.)

A weed, introduced from the 8. of Europe. Rays yellow.

1,** C, frutescens (Linn. Sp. 1251, non Th.) ; ligneous, mostly gla-

brous ; leaves somewhat fleshy, pinnatipartite, the lobes few, linear,

toothed, acute; upper leaves linear, entire or trifid; flowering branches

shortish ; ray-achenes narrow-winged; rays white. DC.l¢.p.65. Ar-

gyranthemum frutescens, Schultz. B.

Has. Cape flats, Ecklon! (Herb. Sd.)

A native of the Canary Islands; probably escaped from some garden.

Page 171, line 5, for “Jess subsessile” read “ leaves subsessile.”

Page 171, in gen. char. of Cotula, insert, after the words “ Recept.

flat,” the words “ or conical.”

Pages 212, 213, in the table:

For (107) cymosum read (106) cymosum;

», (106) tenuiculum ,, (107) tenuiculum;

y» (115) maritimum ,, (116) maritimum ;

y (116) pamnosum ,, (115) pannosum.

Page 230, line 38, for 59 H. coriaceum (Harv.) read 59 H. ful-

- vellum (Harv.).

The name coriaceum is preoccupied ; see No. 85, p. 239.

Page 275, line 25, for Amphidoxa triflora read Amphiglossa triflora.

Page 277, line 28, for Helichr. arctioides read Hel. aretioides.

Page 293, in gen. char, of Antithrixia, for the words “pubescent

style” read “ pubescent stipe.”

Page 352, for

(137) paniculatus read (138) paniculatus ;

(138) multicaulis ,, (137) multicaulis.

Page 435, line 33, for “rigid” read “ridged.”

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 609

The following COMPOSITE are found apparently “wild” in many

parts of the Colony, but being undoubtedly of exotic origin, have been

omitted in this work :—

Zinnia multiflora (L. DC. Prod. 5, p.535) ; common on the Eastern

frontier and at Natal ; escaped from cultivation. A native of Mexico.

Centaurea Cyanus (L., DC. 1. c. 6, p. 578) ; found in cornfields and

the borders of gardens. Native of S. of Europe.

Centaurea Melitensis (L., DC. 1c. p. 593); found on Cape flats

and about Greenpoint by #. & Z, Native of Malta and Sicily, but

_ widely dispersed over the globe.

Cnicus benedictus (L., DC. 1. c. p. 606) ; found about Capetown by

W. H. H. (1838) and sent from the slopes of the Wittberg by Mrs,

F. W. Barber | (1863). Native of Persia and Tauria, from whence it

has found its way to the S. of Europe, and thence to the Andes of f+ |

Chili! (DCL) ele

Kentrophyllum lanatum (DC. . c. p. 610) ; found about Capetown =

by Z. § Z. Native of S. of Europe.

Cichorium Intybus (L., DC. lc. 7, p. 84); sent from Natal by Mfr.

Sanderson, Common “ chicory,” a well-known European weed, whose

cultivated roots are used to adulterate coffee; and its blanched leaves

eaten as winter salad.

acres

394

Acanthotheca>

dentata, DC. .

integrifolia, DC.

pinnatisecta, DC.

ADENACHENA, DC.

leptophylla, DC.

parvifolia, DC. .

pubescens, DC. .

ADENOSOLEN, DC.

tenuifolius, DC.

ADENOSTEMMA, Forsk.

hispida, DC.. gts

Kraussii, Sch. B. .

leiocarpa, DC. . .

611

INDEX.

—_—ea

[Synonyms IN ¢talics.]

Page

Awciopr, DC. . . 60

lanata, DC. 61

tabularis, DC. 61

Alloizonium

arctotideum, Kze. 465

AMBRARIA, Cruse 33

acerosa, Sd. 34

glabra, Cr. 33

hirta, Cr. . 34

microphylla, Sd. 34

AMELLUS, Cass. 61

anisatus, Cass. 62

annuus, Willd. 63

coilopodius, DC. . 68

flosculosus, DC. . . 62

hispidus, DC. 5:2

Lychnitis, L. <= 82

microglossus, DC. . 68

nanus, DC. .. 63

scabridus, Less. . 63

i Less. - 63

tenuifolius, Burm. . 62

tridactylus, DC. . 63

AmpHipoxa, DC. . . 263

gnaphalodes, DC. . 263

AMPHIGLOSSA, DC. . 276

callunoides, DC. 276

corrudefolia, DC. . 276

perotrichoides, DC. . 275

tomentosa, Harv. . 276

triflora, DC. . . . 275

ANAGLYPHA, DC. . 68

aspera, DC. . 68

ANAXETON, Cass. . . 289

arborescens, Cass. . 289

asperum, DC. 290

hirsutum, Zess. . . 290

nycthemerum, Less. 289

recurvum, a ey 200

virgatum, DC. - 290

foetidum, Lam. 232

AntsocHzta, DC, 57

mikanioides, DO. . 57

ANIsonaAMPHUS, DC. . 530

Page

ANISORAMPHUS (con.)

hypocheeroides, DC. 530

ANTHEMIDEE. . . 153

Anthemis

Afra, Burm. . . 304

odorata, Ait. . 149

ATHOSPERMUM, £.. . 26

ethiopicum, Z.. . 27

ethiopicum, Th.. . 31

Bergianum, Cruse . 29

Burkei, Sd. . . 29

eno? Sd.. 31

ciliare, Z. . <i

ciliare, The 30

Crocyllis, 32

repel, Sd. . 29

Ecklonis, Sd... 32

ferrugineum, BE. Z 30

galivides, Rehb 28

Galopina, Th. ae

i hee sa. 30

herbaceum, L. . 30

hirsutum, bes : 30

hirtum, Cruse . . 30

hispidulum, £. M, . 29

lanceolatum, Th. 30

lanceolatum, Sieb. 30

latifolium, E. M. 30

Lichtensteinii, Cruse 32

nodosum, E.M.. . 80

paniculatum, Cr 31

prostratum, Sd.. . 28

pumilum, Sd. 31

rigidum, 2.G2Z. . 31

rubiaceum, Rehb 30

scabrum, Th. 30

spathulatum, Spr. 28

spathulatum, E.M., 29

spermacoceum, Rehb. 33

tricostatum, Sd. . 28

DC.. . 298

flavicoma, DC. . . 293

Apuleia

atractyloides, Less, . 500

612

puleia (con.) soe

A a (con.

heterophylla, Less. . 500

Zeyheri, Less. . . 500

Aphelexis

humilis, Don. . . 255

ArcToTHEcA, Wendl. . 466

grandiflora, Drege . 452

grandiflora, Schrad. 467

repens, Wendl. . . 467

Arctoris, Z. . 448

acaulis, Z. . - 450

acaulis, Jacq. . 452

adpressa, DC. . 452

adpressa, Eckl. . . 465

zenea, Jacq. 455

amplexicaulis, Less. 458

- 452

: Face 139°

anthemoides, Th. 152

arborescens, W. 453

argentea, Th. 456

aspera, J. . 453

aureola, Edw. 453

auriculata, Jacq. . 453

auriculata, DC 455

a Bg. . . 458

bicolor, W 8

breviscapa, hs heorg1

calendulacea, W. . 467

campanulata, DO. . 450

candida, Th.. . . 450

canescens, DO. - 450

= spas

cernua, Th. . - 189

cineraria, Jacg. . . 458

-corruscans, L. 467

crithmifolia, Bg 144

ewneata, DC. . 455

cuprea, Jacq. . 453

decumbens, Jacq 452

decumbens, Th. . . 455

decurrens, Jacq. 452, 457

ie! oe eranares b

deniata, Th. 145

diffusa, r Aecapenditterr

= . 451

Dregei, Turez. . . 451

echinata, DC. . . 466

elatior, Jacq . 458

eed , Willd. . 458

ngata, Th. . 456

fastuosa, Jacq . 454

flaccida, Sue - + 457

foeniculacea, acq. . 139

formosa, Th. . . . 453

glabrata, Jacq. . . 454

‘glaucophylla, Jacq. 450

glutinosa, Sims . . 422

grandiflora, Jacq. . 454

INDEX.

Page

AROTOTIS (con.)

grandis, Th. . « 455

hypochondriaca, L. . 467

incisa, Th. . . . 4538

interrupta, Th. . . 467

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 452

levis, Th. . 454

lanata, Th. . 465

dances, Th. =>. 6 2S Bal

lanceolata, Harv. . 455

leiocarpa, Harv... . 451

leptocarpa, DC. . . 451

leucanthemoides, Jacq.

458

linearis, Th. . . . 456

lyrata, Willd. . . 453

,dacq.. . 453

melanocycla, W.. . 453

micrantha, Th. . . 461

muricata,Th.. . . 453

nudicaulis, Th. . . 142

mere DO... ~ 452

paleacea, Th. . . 146

paniculata, Jacq. . 453

paradoxa,L. . . 1651

paradoxa, Th. - 152

pectinata, Th. 142

soy Th. -« » 455

pilifera, Th. . . . 149

piligera, Berg. . . 142

pinnata, Th. . ™ 139

pinnatifida, Th. . 456

plantaginea, . 460

populifolia, i Deny . 468

punctata, The . . 145

pusilla, DC. . . . 457

repens, Jacq. . . 467

reptans, Jacq. - « 458

revoluta, Jacg. . . 454

rosea, Jacq. . . . 455

scabra, Th. . . . 460

scapigera, Th. 450

scariosa, Willd. 150

sericea, Th. . ok4t

serrata, Th. . - 149

speciosa, Jacq. - 450

spinulosa, Jacq . 454

squarrosa, Jacq. . 454

stoechadifolia, Berg. 454

superba, L. . 467

tomentosa, Th. - 460

tricolor, Jacq. . . 450

tricolor, Willd. 456

trifida, Th. - 147

trifurcata, Burm. 144

tristis, LL. ws 467

undulata, Jacq. . . 450

undulata, Th. . 453

venidioides, DC... 457

verbascifolia, Harv. 452

Page

AROTOTIS (con.)

virgata, Jacq. . 456

Argyranthemum

leptophyllum, Fzl. . 162

Argyrocoma

ericoides, Lam. . . 218

Arnica

crenata, Th. . 64

cordata, Th. . 521

erocea, L. . 521

Gerbera, L. « . §20

grandis, Th. 61, 5138

lanata, Th. Ps,

nudifiora, Th 522

prloselloides, L. 522

serrata, Th. 520

sinuata, Th. . 521

tabularis, Th. 61

Arrowsmituta, DQ. . 524

styphelioides, DC. . 524

Artemista, L. . . 169

Afra, Jacq. 170

ambigua, Sieb. 287

pontica, Th. . . . 170

Aste, 063. <aes 69

adfinis, Less. . . . 78

wthiopicus, Burm. . 83

angustifolius, Jacg. . 73

amoenus, Sch. B. . 84

annectens, Harv. . 78

barbatus, Harv.. . 81

Bergerianus, Harv.. 78 .

Bowiei, Harv. 73

Buarkei, Harv. 46

Caffrorum, Zess. . 77

Candollei, Harv. . 80

Capensis, Less. . . 83

Charieis, Less. <tbe

confusus, Harv, . 75

crenatus, Less. . 64

crinitus, Th, . . . 298

Cymbalarie, Th. . 80

demissus, Harv. . 79

dentatus, Th. «. . 71

discoideus, Sd. . . 76

Dregei, Harv. .— 74

echinatus, Less... 77

Ecklonis, Less. . . 83

elongatus, Th. . 82

erigeroides, Harv. . 74

ficoideus, Harv.. . 76

filifolius, Zey. . +» 7

jilifolius, Vent. - 85

‘filiformis, Eckl.. - “3

‘Fruticulosus, Willd... 85

heterophyllus, Less. 292

hirsutus, Vent. . . 80

hirtus, Th. -. + 75

hirtus, Harv. + - .

hyssopifolius, Berg:

Page

ASTER (con.)

imbricatus, DC. 77

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 84

lasiocarpus, Harv. . 76

leiocarpus, Harv. 84

linifolius, Harv. 81

macrorhizus, Th. 72

mespilifolius, Less. 87

microspermus, DC,. 72

muricatus, Zess. 72

Namaquanus, Harv. 79

Natalensis, Harv. . 81

obtusatus, Willd, . 85

Pappei, Harv. . . 79

perezioides, Less. 65

petiolatus, Harv. 80

reflexus, eee 77

retortus, DC. pid b

rosmarinifolius, Spr. 85

rotundifolius, Th. . 83

rufibarbis, Harv. . 76

serratus, ZA... 81

serrulatus, Harv, 73

simulans, Harv. . 73

strigosus, Th. 63

igosus, . 838

taxifolius, L. 65

tenellus, Z. . em a |

tener, Harv. 80

tricolor, Nees 85

Zeyheri, Less. 74

ASTEROIDEZ . 59

Asteropteris

Callicornia, Grtn. . 294

fess.. 86

ides, Less. 86

Astelma

fruticans, B. Reg. . 225

Arnanasia, Linn. 187

acerosa, Harv. 199

is, Sond. 192

os. 7 . «08

aspera, Linn, . . 199

canescens, - 195

PGS Pi ig nnn a

gut ix . . 08

coronopifolia, H. 191

crenata, Z. . . . 195

erithmifolia, Z.. . 197

cuneiformis, DC. 196

ae:

dim be

+ a Bea mab}

ebracteata, E. “ = oo

eriopoda, DC. . . 194

fasciculata, Harv. . 197

filiformis, Z.. . . 192

flexuosa, Th . 192

flexuosa, DC. 194

INDEX.

ATHANASIA fom)

genistzefolia, L.

glabra, Th. . .

glabrescens, Do. .

hirsuta, 7h.

imbricata, Harv.

incisa, Harv... . .

indivisa, Harv. . .

juncea, DO. 6 gc.

levigata, L. . .

leucoclada, Harv. .

linifolia, Harv. . .

lanifolia, L. . ..

longifolia, Lam. .

microphylla, DC.

Mundtii, Harv...

oligocephala, DC. .

pachycephala, DC. .

palmatifida, DC.

e 0: i ee oe

pubescens, Z.

tata,

quinquedentata, Th.

rotundifolia, DC.

rotundifolia, Eckl. .

rugulosa, £. :

scabra, Th.

seariosa, DC...

schizolepis, Harv.

sertulifera, DC. .

phylicoides, DC.

sessilifolia, DC. .

tomentosa, Less.

Baccharis

wefolia, L. . é

eye Br.

nereifolia, Li... .

Balsamita

pfcreltiformis, Pers. .

ngs mera ag Less.

BERKHEYA, Ehr.

613

Page

- 509

- 508

BERKHEYA (co7.)

annectens, Harv,

canescens, DC. .

carduiformis, DC. . 485

carlinoides, Willd. . 504

carthamoides, Willd. 503

cernua, Less. . oii

coriacea, Harv. 506

corymbosa, DC. 508

eruciata, Willd. . . 498

cuneata, Willd. . . 507

cynaroides, Willd. . 503

Dregei, Harv. . . 507

Ecklonis, Harv.. . 504

eryngiifolia, Less, . 505

fruticosa, Ebr. . . 507

gazanioides, Harv. . 508

grandiflora, Willd. . 506

hirpicioides, Sond. . 509

incana, Willd. . . 506

lanceolata, Willd. . 506

obovata, Willd. . . 508

palmata, Willd. . . 505

pinnata, Less. . . 505

pungens, Willd. . . 504

scolymoides, DC. . 503

seminivea, 7. § S. . 507

setifera, DC. . . . 509

stobzoides, Harv. . 505

subulata, Harv. . . 507

umbellata, ae + » 509

uniflora, Willd. 504

Brmvoens, L. . . . 133

leucantha, Willd. . 133

pilosa, Z.. . . ~ 138

Sundaica, Bl. 133

Wallichii, DC. 133

Buiumea, DC. 119

ye ae Dr 6

* ~ L20

Dregeanoides, Sch. B. 120

Gariepina, DC. . . 120

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 121

cers, DO. ys.» AID

Natalensis, Sch. B. . 121

a | ee

ightiana, DC.. . 120

RACHYLZNA, R. Br. . 115

dentata, Less. . . 116

dentata, DC.. . . 116

discolor, Gt § eee: Bf

elliptica, Less. . . 116

grandifolia, DC.. . 116

Natalensis, Sch. < 117

nereifolia, R. Br. . 116

racemosa, Less. . . 116

trinervia, Sd, Hoi sy f

uniflora, Harv. . 117

BracHYMERIS, DC 163

scoparia, DC, 163

Brachyrhyncos

614

Page

Brachyrhyncos (con.)

albicaulis, DC. . . 376

cymbalariefolius, DC. 375

diversifolius, DC. . 376

elongatus, Less. . . 376

eupatorioides, Less. 374

eupatorioides, DC. . 408

junceus, Less, - 407

Brachystylis

scoparia, E. M. . 163

Breonia

palmata, Hort. . . 403

Brromorpunt, Harv. . 277

Zeyheri, Harv. . . 277

Bunsurya, Msn. 23

Capensis, Msn. . . 23

R. Br :

Capensis, R. Br. . 3

Kraussii, Hchst. 3

parvifiora, Lindl. . 3

Cacatra, L. 315

acaulis, L. f. 319

anteuphorbium, L. . 319

arbuscula, Th, . . 324

articulata, L. 319

bipinnata, Th. 396

cissampelina, DC. . 315

cuneifolia, L. 319

cylindrica, L. . . 826

jeotdes, L. ss 816

Haworthii, Sw. . 318

lanceolata, Jacq. . 819

papillaris,L. . . 819

peucedanifolia, Jacq. Boks

ate 7 . 403

radicans, Th, . 317

repens, L, 317

rigida, Th. 322

runcinata, Lam. . 819

scandens, Th. 403

scandens, Zey. 403

tomentosa, Haw. 318

tomentosa, Th. - 380

Capiscus, E. Me 134

aquaticus, Z. Mey. . 134

Calendula =

resent Th -4a7

441

cyanea, Vi 422

os 5 £29

rena te es eels

flaccida, Vent. 421

__fruticosa, L. . . . 419

glabrata,Th.. . . 425

graminifolia . . , 419

andy ates =

nee 7 . 28

hybrida,L. . . . 418

mureata, Th, . . 431

INDEX.

Page

Calendula (con.)

nudicaulis, L. . 419

parviflora, Th. . . 433

pinnata, Th. . - 423

pluvialis, L. . - 418

rigida, Ait. 48t

tomentosa, Th. - 431

Tragus, Jacq. . . 420

viscosa, Andr. . . 422

Callicornia

gnaphalioides, Bm. . 294

Catuieris, DC. . . 136

glabra, DC. . . . 186

hispida, DC. . . . 1386

Laureola, DC. . . 186

leptophylla, Harv. . 136

Campanula

adpressa, Th. . . 583

altiflora, Poir. - 587

bracteata, Th. » 594

Capensis, L. DGS:

capillacea, Th. 574, 578

cernua, Th. ~OO7S

ciliata, Th. . . . 561

cinerea, Li. 557

ispa, Sol. ere) -.!)

denticulata, Bch 559

diffusa, Sol. . 580

elongata, Sol. 581

elongata, Willd. 569

ericoides, Lam. . . 586

fasciculata, L. . . 556

jlaccida, Mass - 571

fruticosa, Sol. . . 588

hispidula, Lk 565

hispidula, Th. . . 566

interrupta, Pers 587

linearis, L. . 564

Ottoniana, R. &S. . 562

paniculata, Phe 670

paniculata, L. f. 575

plicata, Poir. . . 589

sles sak Ait. . 590

procumbens, Th. 573

sessilifiora, L. 555

spinulosa, Sol 572

subulata, Spr. 555

subulata, Th.. . . 587

tenella, Th. . 561

tenella, L. s 862

Thunbergii, R. & 8. 561

undulata, L. £. 579

unidentata, Th. . . 559

CAMPANULACEZ! 530

CAaMPANULEA . 554

Cantuium, Lam. 16

Gueinzii, Sond. . . 16

Mundtianum, Ch., Sch. 18

obovatum, Kl. . 16

pyrifolium, K1. 16

ST anleryionues, Sh: 7

age

CaRPacocr, Sd. 32

scabra, Sd. 33

spermacocea, Sd. , 33

Carpholoma

rigidum, Don, 272

Carphopappus

Baccharidifolius, Sch, 123

Carpothales

lanceolata, E. M. 23

Celmisia

rotundifolia, Cass. . 61

Cunta, Comm . 184

anthemoidea, DC 185

debilis, DC. . 185

discoidea, Less. . . 182

discolor, DC. . . 185

flosculosa, DC. 186 -

microglossa, DC. . 186

pectinata, DO. . . 186

pruinosa, DC, 185

sericea, DO.. . . 185

subheterocarpa, Less. 185

turbinata, Pers.. . 185

Cenocline

acutiloba, Koch. . 166

grandiflora, Koch. . 166

CENTAUREA . Pere

Cyanus, LZ. 609

melitensis, Z 609

Centipeda

Capensis, Less. . . 115

Cc Schr. 41

attenuata, R.& Sch. 42

decurrens, E.&Z. . 42

lavandulacea, Sd. . 41

longifolia, E. M. 42

rigida, Schrad. . 42

rigida, Krauss . 42

scabra, E.& Z. . 42

scabra, R. gf S.. 43,

ustulata, E.M. . . 42

ustulata, R. 4s. 8

Ceradia

furcata, Lindl, 323

Ceriscus, Nees 4

Chamemelum

acutilobum, Fal,. . 166

Cuarizis, Cass. . . 69

heterophylla, Cass. . 69

heterophylla, Drege. 78

Choristea

carnosa, Th ae

spinosa, Th. 510

Chronobasis

CurysantHemoum, L. . 161

earnosulum, DC. 162

coronarium, LZ. . . 608

, Th. . ; 163

frutescens, L. .° - 608

Pa;

CHRYSANTHEMUM (con.)

glabratum, Th.

hirtum, ait

incanum, Th. .

leptophyltum, DC.

lidbeckioides, Less. .

nodosum, De. .

osmitoides, Harv. .

segetum, Z. . .

Thunbergii, Harv. .

Curysocoma, Cass.

urea, The . .

longifolia, DO.

microcephala, DC. .

microphylia, Th.

oblongifolia, DC.

Sepoestipite, Liss

patula, L

peduncularis, De.

pinnatifida, DC.

pterocaula, DC. .

tenuifolia, Bg. .

tridentata, DG. .

scabra, Th.

undulata, Th.

CICHORACEE

CicHoRIUM .

Aitoniana, &

alchemilloides, De..

amelloides,L. «. .

arctotidea, —_ .

nena 4 DC...

sripiicifolia, | De. .

eriana, Spr. «

cacalioides, L, f. .

Wendl.

INDEX.

CINERARIA (con.)

hastifotia, Th

hirsuta, Vent. .

humifusa, Z’ Her.

hypoteuca, Sieb. .

laevis, Spr. . -

laricifolia, Lam.

lineata, Lf...

linifolia, L. £.

linifolia, Zey.

lobata, ries

lyrata, “

Hones Pat DE.

microphylla, Vahl. .

mollis, #. Mey. .

nivea, Willd. .

othonnoides, Harv. .

oxyodonta, DC.

pandurata, Th.

parviflora, Ait. .

pedunculosa, DC. .

perfoliata, Lam. .

platycarpa, DC. -.

ee DC,

scirpina, E.M. . .

serrata, Willd. . .

—* Spr. g

tuberosa, E. M.

tusilagined, Th. 310,

Cyrcus

Scasraglae DC. .

ee BS

112

Page

CoRYMBIUM (con.)

cymosum, Drege . 56

Jiliforme, L. £ 56

glabrum, Th. 56

glabrum, L. f. «. 55

hirsutum, Eckl. + 56

hirtum, Th. . - 56

latifolium, Hare. eS =

luteum, #. UM. - 56

nervosum, 7h. ee +53)

seabrum, J, -« 56

villosum, Less. - 56

Coruna, Gaertn, . . 177

abyssinica, Sch. B. . 182

anthemoides, LZ. . 182

barbata, DC. . . 183

barbellata, Fenzl. 179

bipinnata, Th. . . 179

bracteolata, Z, M. . 179

Capensis, LL. . . ~- 164

cenizfolia, DC. . . 181

cenicefolia, Drege . 181

coronopifolia, Z. . 178

filifolia, Th. . . . 179

globifera, Th. . . 165

heterocarpa, DC. . 181

hispida, Harv, . 184

iach, DO, > eH

leptalea, DC. - 180

microcephala, DC. . 182

Se od

myriophylloides, H. 178

iehoabies y 9 a

oxyodonta, DC. lao

poecilophylla, Keh. . 181

pterocarpa, DC.. . 181

pusilla, Th kee

quinquefida, The. . 173

i sc. LOO

sericea, Th., pte.. . 183

sericea, Th, . - 183

sororia, DOs". 180

sororia, Drege - 182

stenophyila, Ech. . 184

stolonifera, Harv. . 182

tanacetifolia, W. . 166

Teesdalice, . 167

Teesdalie, DC. . . 181

tenella, E. M., pte. . 179

tenella, #.M. . . 180

Thunbergii, Harv. . 183

tripinnata, Th. 166

turbinata, Linn. 185

villosa, DC. . 184

villosa, DC. 182

Zeyheri, Fel. 180

Crepis

striata, Th. . 529

Crocyllis

, i. M. 32

Crusea

616 INDEX

Page | Page Page

Crusea (con.) CYPHIA (con.) DIMORPHOTHECA (con.)

acuminata, E, M. 12 persicifolia, Pr.. . 599 cuneata, Less, 422

glaucescens, E.M. . 24 Phyteuma, Wilid. . 598 dentata, DC. 423

lanceolata, E.M. . 24 polydactyla, Pr.. . 604 Dregei, DC. . 421

voriabilis, H.M. . 24 salicifolia, E.& Z. . 602 Ecklonis, DC. 419

CryprostemMMA, R. Br. 467 serrata, Spr. . . . 598 fruticosa, Less. . . 419

calendulaceum, R. B. 467 simplex, Spr. . 549 graminifolia, DC. . 419

Forbesianum, Harv. 467 sylvatica, Eck. . . 602 hybrida, DC. . . 418

hypochondriacum, Br. 467 tenuifolia, A. DC: . 600 integrifolia, DC. 424

runcinatum, R. Br. . 467 tomentosa, Pr. . . 604 leptocarpa, DC. 421

Oryptostephane undulata, Eckl. . . 603 | multifida, DC. 422

Kraussti, Sch. B. . 517 volubilis, Willd.. . 604 nudicaulis, DC. . . 418

Cuntumia, R. Br. . . 480 Zeyheriana, Pr.. . 604 perennis, Less. 419

ad DO... 488 | Oxrnma. . . 597 pinnata, Harv. . . 423

adpressifolia, Sd. . 481 CYPSELODONTIA, DC. . 123 pluvialis, Mch. . . 418

bisulea, Less. . 481 | Eckloniana, DC. .124 | ‘polyptera, DO. . . 422

carlinoides, DC.. . 483 | Damatris scabra, DO. . 420

ciliaris, R.Br. . . 483 pudica, Cass. .°. 511 sinuata, DC. . 423

cirsioides, DC. . . 483 rum Tragus, DC. . . . 420

decurrens, Less. . . 482 Senegalense, DC. . 50 Zeyheri, Sond. 421

floccosa, F. M. . 484 | Declieuxia Diodia

hispida, Less. . . 484 prunelloides, Kl, . 24 carnosa, E.M. . . 26

intermedia, DC 482 | Delairia elongata, E,M.. . 24

micracantha, DC, . 484 odorata, Lam. . . 403 | Diotocarpus

patula, Less. . . 482 | Denuxta, Th. 2548 angustifolius, Hchst. 24

pauifiora, DC. . . 484 Capensis, Th. . . 119 prunelloides, Hchst. 24

pectinata, Less. . . 482] glabrata, DO. . 119 | Dretoparpus, DC. . 84

rigida, DC. . 483 | DicHROCEPHALA, DC. 114 asper, Less. . . . 85

setosa, R. Br. + 483 Capensis, DC, 115 elongatus, DC. . 85

squarrosa, R. Br. . 482 latifolia, DC. . . 115 extenuatus, Nees. . 85

sublanata, DC. 484 | sonchifolia, DC.. .115 | filifolius, DC. . . 85

sulcata, Less. . , 481 | Dicoma, Less... . 515 fruticulosus, Less. 85

Cyathopappus anomala, Sd. . . 517 levigatus, Sd. . . 85

metalasioides, Sch. B. 274 Burmanni, Less. . 517 Natalensis, Sch. B.. 85

Cynara Capensis, Less. . . 516 obtusatus, Less. . 85

glomerata, Th. . . 54 cirsioides, pS Sb1T serrulatus, Harv. . 86

Cyputia, Berg. . 597 diacanthoides, Less. 517 teretifolius. Less. . 85

iloba, Pr. . 604 Kirkii, Harv. . 518 | Disparaco, Grin... 277

anomala, E.& Z. . 603 macrocephala, DC. . 516 ericoides, Gin. . . 278

assimilis, Sond. 600 radiata, Less. . . 516 Kraussii, Sch. B. 278

atriplicifolia, Pr, . 602 relhanioides, Less. . 516 lasiocarpa, Cass. . 278

botrys, Willd. 600 sessiliflora, Harv. . 518 laxifolia, DC. . . 278

bulbosa, Bg. . . . 600 | speciosa, DC. . .518/ _seriphioides, DC. . 278

campestris, £. G Z.. 599 Zeyheri, Sd.. . . 518 izonium

Cardamines, Wil/ld. 599 | Dmevra, L’Her. . . 510 longifolium, Willd. . 125

corylifolia, Harv. . 601 annuum, Zess. . . 511 | Doprowskya, 549

crenata, Sd. , 602 | carnosum, Ait. . . 5101 anceps, Pr. . 547

dentariefolia, Pr. . 603 | cernuum, Less. . . 511 | aspera, A. DC. . . 550

digitata, Willd. . .603| spinosum, Ait. . .510| Dregeana, Pr. . - 549

Dregeana, Pr. 602 tetragoniceefolium, L’Her. Eckloniana, Pr. . . 550

Eckloniana, Pr. 604 510 | Tevicaulis, Pr. . - 549

elata, Harv. 601 | tomentosum, Less. . 511 | Massoniana, Pr. - 550

Gerrardi, Harv... 601 | DrworpHornuca, Vaill. 417 | polyphylla, Pr. . - 549

heterophylla, Pr. . 602} annua, Less.. . . 418 | scabra, A. DO. . . 54?

incisa, Willd. . .598| aurantiaca, DC. . 421 | serratifolia, A. DC. . 551

latipetala, Pr. 604 | Barberi, Harv. . 420} stellaricides, Pr. . 550

linarioides, Pr. . . 600 | calendulacea, Harv. 423 | stricta, Pr. . - - 500

a, Pr 599 | caulescens, Harv. . 420 in ee .

2 - s . 604 chr ysanthemoid D C. Thw i 3

oblongifolia, S, H. 601 = 422 unidentata, A. DC. 55°

Page

DoprowskYA (con.)

Zeyheriana, Pr. . . 549

Dora, Less. . . + 820

abrotanifolia, Harv. 324

acutiloba, DC. . 321

alata, DC. pte. . . 323

alata, Th. . 323

arbuscula, DO. . . 324

bipinnatifida, Th. . 375

campanulata, DC, . 325

carnosa, DC. . . 324

Ceradia, Harv. . . 323

chromocheeta, DC. . 326

ciliata, Harv. . 322

cluytiefolia, DC. . 322

eneorifolia, DC.. . 321

denticulata, Th. . . 374

digitata, Less, . . 325

diversifolia, DC. 325

elongata, Th. . . 376

eriocarpa, DC. 324

erosa, Th. z 309

Gymnodiscus, DC. . 327

incisa, The . . . 367

Kraussii, Sch. B. 323

lasiocarpa, DC. . . 321

Laureola, 2. . . 326

linearifolia, DC. 326

Lingua, Zess. » . 325°

longipes, Harv. - 322

miser, Harv 327

nana, DC. 323

nivea, Th. . 398

i 325

. 875

+ 826

- 324 |

322

- 3827

. 366

spinescens, DC. . . 822

taraxacoides, DC. . 325

tortuosa, DC. . 326

undulosa, DC. 327

Eourta, DZ. . 131

erecta, Z. 131

apiculata, DC 303

centauroides, DC. . 301

cuneata, ee 8Ol

decussata, DC. . . 301

genistefolia, DC. . 300

aratbineris; Lzes. 301

nervis,

pumila, Less. «. . 303

punctata, Cass. . . 300

sedifolia, Ae O01

speciosa, DC. . . . 302

styphelioides, DC. . 303

subpungens, Th. . 802

INDEX.

Eclopes (con.)

trinervis, Less. . . 310

viscida, Less. . . 800

Elphegea ;

Bergeriana, Less, . 78

microcephala, Less. 66

Exytroparpus, Cass. 273

adpressa, Harv. . 274

ambiguus, DC. . . 274

canescens, DC. . . 274

cyathiformis, DC. . 273

glandulosus, Less. . 274

Rhinocerotis, Less. . 274

spinellosus, Cass. . 273

spinulosus, Less. . 273

Enonysta, Pr... . . 551

dentata, A. DC 551

erecta, A. DC. 551

Enickron, Ls -.° 5 286

alatum, Don. . . 120

Canadense, DZ. . . 86

clematidea, Sch. B. 87

foetidum, L.. . . 89

hirtum, Th... ~ 113

incisum, Th.. . . 113

Kraussit, Sch. B. . 88

pinnatifidum, Th, . 113

pinnatum, L.f. . . 112

scabrum, Th.. . . 121

ErtocepHatos, Z.. . 199

afinis, DC. . . . 203

Africanus, 2. . . 200

laber, Th. .

ict: 204

microcephalus, DC, 204

microphyllus, DC, . 204

pedicellaris, DO. . 201

petrophiloides, DC, . 201

pteronioides, DC. . 202

pubescens, DC. . . 203

punctulatus, DC. . 201

racemosus, Gin, . . 202

racemosus, Z. . . 203

tenuifolius, DC.. . 201

tuberculosus, DC. . 202

umbellulatus, DC. , 202

Eriosprara, Less. . 264

apiculata, DC, . . 280

Catipes, DC. . . . 298

coriacea, DC.. . . 280

dubia, DC. . . . 207

Oculus Cati, DC. . 230

Oculus Cati, Zess. . 264

rotundifolia, DC. . 230

Tares.: : 231

Erythropogon

imbricatum, DC... 266

umbellatum, DC. . 266

Ernurta, Cass, . . 47

alata, Bd. > 3... 48

angustifolia, Boj. 47

auriculata, Th. . . 115

conyzoides, L. . 47

Gariepina, DC. . 48

gracilis, DC. 47

Kraussti, Sch. B, 7

Evumorpaia, DC. . . 153

Lead 68

EvpPaTORIACEZ. . 56

Eupatorium

Ci - 100

coloratum, Willd. 50

divaricatum, Th. . 99

retrofractum, Th. . 123

scandens,Th. . . 59

Evuryoprs, Cass... . . 408

abrotanifolius, DC.. 410

Algoensis, DC. - 411

asparagoides, Less. . 415

Athanasiz, Less. . 410

Athanasie, DC 410

calvescens, DC 412

Candollei, Harv. 415

qenaifolius, Sd. eae

ifoli ih l 6

diversifolius, Harv. 412

Dregeanus, Sch. B. 410

empetrifolius, = . 415

Jlabelliformis, Cass, 411

imbricatus, DC. . 415

imbricatus, Less. . 415

intermedius, DC. 410

lateriflorus, Less. . 415

linearis, Harv. . , 413

linifolius, DC. 414

longipes, DO. . . 413

multifidus, DC. . 412

oligoglossus, DC. . 414

pectinatus, Cass. . 410

punctatus, DC. . . 413

A 414

Serra, DC. . 410

spathaceus, DO.. . 414

speciosissimus, DC. , 410

subcarnosus, DC. 413

subsessilis, §. B. 416

sulcatus, Harv. . . 416

398

618

EuRYOPS (con.)

tenuissimus, Less.

trifidus, Less. .

trifurcatus, Cass.

trilobus, Harv. .

triqueter, Less. .

_virgineus, Less. .

Fedia

campanulata, Pr.

Felicia

adjinis, Nees

gustifolia, Nees .

angustifolia, DC,

Caffrorum, Ness. . 77

cana, DC. . poee ey 3

citar, DO... . 68

cotuloides, DC. . . f :

echinata, DC. . . 77

erigeroides, DC. . 74

fascicularis, DC, 72

Jicoidea, DC 76

fr agilis, Cass ie Lk

irsuta, DC. . mupey ].%

imbricata, DC. . . 77

lasiocarpa, DC. . . 76

macrorhiza, DC.. . 72

macrosperma, DC. . 72

Natalensis, Sch. B. . 74

Paralia, DC. . , 77

veflexa, DC. . . . 78

THOT, "DO, 3 a ee

rigidula, DC. . . 75

Zeyheri, Nees . . 74

ee ke 08

leptophylla, DC. 93

scaposa, DC; 93

Gatrum, Scop. 35

Amatymbicum, Z, Z, 36

Aparine, Z ‘ 38

asperum, 7} 38

GARULEUM, Cass, .

GAZANIA, Gin. ‘

INDEX.

Page

GALIUM (con.)

Thunbergianum, E. Z. 39

tomentosum, Zh. 39

tomentosum, E.M. . 39

uncinatum, Licht. . 388'

Wittbergense, Sd. . 37

Gatorina, Th... 26

aspera, Sd. 26

circeoides, Th. . 26

hirsuta, E. & Z. . 26

tomentosa, Hchst. 26

Gamoteris, Less. - 155

annua, Less. . » 156

brachypoda, DC. . 157

chrysanthemoides, DC.

156

debilis, Harv. 157

ericoides, Less. . 159

euryopoides, DC, 158

hebecarpa, DC, . . 158

laxa, Harv. . . 158

leiocarpa, DC. 608

munita, Less. 159

pectinata, Less. . . 157

pinnatipartita, DC. . 607

polytrichoides, Harv. 607

Tagetes, DC. - 156

trifurcata, Less. . 158

GarDENIA, Ellis

rp, -

Neuberia, £.¢ Z. .

Rothmannia, Z.f. .

Thunbergia, L. f.

;

bipinnatum, Less,

latifolium, A. ‘

pinnatifidum, BC. ,

viscosum, Cass.

araneosa, DC. . .

arctotoides, Less.

armerioides, DC,

Burchellii, DC. .

canescens, Hary.

ciliaris, DC. . .

eoronopifolia, DC. . 480

Forbesiana, DC.. , 468

grandis, DC...

heterochzta, DC.

hirtella,DO.

humilis, E.M. .

intrusa, E, M.

Less...

bsiana,

leptophylla, DC. . 477

GAZANTA (con.)

leucoloma, DC.

Lichtensteinii, Less. 479

lineariloba, DC... . 480

longifolia, Less. . . 477

longiscapa, DC.. . 474

mucronata, DG.. . 474

multijuga, DC. . . 476

nivea, Less; . . . 478

Othonnites, Less. 473

oxyloba, DC. . . 475

Pavonia, R, Br.. . 476

pinnata, Less. 476

pinata, DC. . . 477

pygmea, Sd. 478

rigens, R. Br. . . 473

scabra, DC. . . . 476

serrata, DC. . 476

serrulata, DO. 475

speciosa, Less. . . 476

sub-bipinnata, DC. . 468

subulata, R. Br. 473

tenuifolia, Less. . . 479

uniflora, Sims 472

varians, DO.. . . 474

igerds

Africana, Less. . . 125

Gricerta, Gries!. 124

Africana, Gr. 125

aspera, Harv. . . 126

brevifolia, Harv. . 126

ei, Hare. . . 126

“passerinoides, Harv. 125

pectidea, Harv. . 127

protensa, Harv. 125

Zeyheri, Harv. . . 126

GERBERA, Gron. . . 519

ambigua, Sch. B. . 522

asplenifolia, Spr. . 520

aurantiaca, Sch. B. . 523

Burmanni, Cass. . 521

cordata, Less. ee

erenata, Lindl. . . 64

discolor, Sd. . . 522

ferruginea, DO,. . 520

hirsuta, Spr. . . 520

integralis, Sd. . . 520

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 528

leucothrix, Harv. . 521

Natalensis, Sch. B. 528

nervosa, Sd. . . . 523

ovalifolia, DC. . . 522

piloselloides, Cass. . 522

plantaginea, Harv. 522

Schimperi, Sch. B. . 522

sinuata, Less. . -

sinuata, Spr...

INDEX. 619

Page Page Page

Gibbaria GNAPHALIUM (con.) GNAPHALIUM (con.)

bicolor, Cass. . . 512 hispidum, LL. «278 strigosum, Th. . . 245

GwnapHatiom, Z. . . 260 humile, Th, . . « 242 teretifolium, L. . . 250

Achillee, Sieb. . . 288 imbricatum, L. . « 221 tinctum, Th. . . . 205

Achillecides, Sieb. . 216 lasiocaulon, Lk. . . 263 tricostatum, Sieb. . 245

acilepis, DC. . . 261 latifolium, Th. . . 237 tricostatum, Th. . . 252

acuminatum, Dk. . 263 luteo-album, Z. . . 262 wnbellatum, Ll. . -

adscendens, Th. . . 285 maculatum, Th. . . 261 undatum, Th . -

appendiculatum, Th. 242 maritimum, L. . . 248 undulatum, Z. . . 261

arboreum,L. . . 289 micranthum, Th. . 261 verticillatum, Th. . 287

arborescens, L. . . 289 milleflorum,L. . . 259 | GNapHALIER . . . 204

asperum, Th. . . 290 modestum, Hk. . . 260 | GoopENOvVIEE , . .« 604

aureofulvum, Bg. . 245 molle, Th. . . . 248 | Gorteria Gin.. . . 469

auriculatum, Th. . 253 mucronatun, i # 226 afinis, DCO. . . . 470

auricuatum, Lam. . 253 multiflorum, Th . 224 asteroides, L.f. . . 507

candidissimum, Lam. 261 muricatum, Th. . . 268 calendulacea, Da. .. 470

capillaceum, Th. . 215 muricatum, L. . . 270 cernua, LL. - «ll

capitatum, Th. . . 267 muscoides, Desf. . 265 ciliata,Th. . . ~. 482

capitatum, Lam. . 268 niveum, Ll. . . ~ 247 corymbosa, DC. . 470

capitellatum, Th. . 251 niveum, Th. . .. . 249 diffusa, Th. . . - 470

cephalotes, Th. . . 267 notatum, Th.. . . 216 hispida, Licht. . . 480

cernuum, Th. . . 247 nudifolium, L. . . 240 incisa, The . . . 476

cicatrisatum, Vahl . 263 Oculus, Th. . . . 264 integrifolia, Th.. . 485

confine, Harv. . . 263 Oculus Cati, L. . . 264 linearis, The ies

congestum, Willd. . 225 odoratissimum, L. . 245 mitis, Burm. . . - 469

coronatum, L. . . 288 odoratum, Th. . . 234 Othonnites, Th. . . 473

erassifolium, L. . . 224 orbiculare, Th. . . 218 ovata,Vahl . . . 299

crispum, Iu... . - 253 paniculatum, Th: <= 220 Pavonia, Andy salt

seagate Tess 5 220 paniculatum, Bg. . 216 pectinata, Th. . . 476

Why AS ee DAD parvifiorum, Lam, 247 personata,Z. . . 470

decpoithes. Willd. 248 parvulum, Harv. . 262 pinnata, Th... 476

dealbatum, Th. . . 261 patulum, Bg. . . 258 rigens,.L, ° 5. 8

debile, Th. ..... + 262 paucifiorum, DC. . 262 rigens, fia Geer ene 1;

declinatum, L.f. . 218 peduneulare, L. . . 238 | ~rigens, Th. . « AT7

decumbens, Th. . . 286 petiolatum, L, ~~. 252 squarrosa, L. . . 482

dentatum, L. . « 172 petiolatum, Th. . . 225 sgaarrosa, Bg. . . 482

diffusum, E. M. . 224 phlomoides, Lam. . 259 uniflora, L. f. . 472

discolorum, L. . . 221 polifolium, Th. . . 218 | GRAMMATOTHECA, Pr. 532

discolorum, Willd. . 225 polyanthos, Th. 253, 270 Bergiana, Pr. . . 582

distans, Schr. . «. 272 prostratum, Th. . 262 Dregeana, Pr. . « 582

divaricatum, Bg. . 258 pusillum, Th. . . 222 Eckloniana, Pr. . . 582

divergens, Th. . . 267 pygmeum, Th. . . 218 erinoides, Sd. . . 582

ericoides, Lam. . . 250 pyramidale, Bg. —. 221 Meyeriana, Pr. .. . 5382

ericoides, L. . . ~ 217 quinquenerve, Th. . 240 Mundtiana, Pr. .. . 582

excisum, Th.. . . 237 recurvum, Lamk. . 290 | Grummina, Gin, . . 21

eximium, L. . . ~ 260 repens, LZ. . . ~ 261 Capensis, Sd. . . 21

expansum, Th. . . 216 revolutum, Th. . «. 252 cymosa, E. M. . . 21

Ffasciculatum, Th. «. 272 rosum, Bg. Sia eOL globosa, Hochst . . 21

fastigiatum, Th. . 270 rotundifolium, Th. . 224 | Gymnachena

felinum, Th. . . « 225 rutilans, Th.. . . 234 bruniades, Rchb. . 285

fetidum, Th. . . 232 seabrum,Th.. . . 252 | Gymnopiscus, Less. . 345

Fragrans, Sieb. . . 221 seriphivides, Bg. . 286 capillaris, Less. . . 345

fruticans, Willd. . 224 serratum, L. . . « 248 linearifolius, DC. . 345

fruticans, Linn... 225 serratum, Th. . + 225 orbicularifolius,Sch.B.345

glomeratum, L. . . 206 spathulatum, Th. - 207 GYMNOSTEPHIUM, Less. 66

glomerulatum, Sd. . 262 splendidum, Th. _ . 234 angustifolium, Harv. 67

grandifiorum, L. . 224 squarrosum, L. . . 205 ciliare, Harv. . 68

caer pleat Willd. 225 dahelincides; Vie} vd corymbosum, Harv. - 68

helianthemifolium,Th.221 stellatum, L. . . . 221 fruticosum, DC. . 67

heterophyllum, Th. . 251 Stoechas, Th.. . ~ 251 gracile, Less. . . 67

iinanes, Th. 25h strictum, Lk, . . 234 hirsutum, Less. . . 68

620

Page

Heanelia

Capensis, Walp. . 62

Hapiocarpua, Less. . 464

lanata, Less. . . . 466

Lessingiit, DC. . . 466

lyrata, Harv. . . 465

scaposa, Harv. . . 465

Thunbergii, Less, . 465

Thunbergti, DC. . 465

Hepyoris, Zam. . 8

Amatymbica Hehst. 11

brachyloba, Sd 10

Capensis, Lam. 9

cephalotes, Hchst. 9

chlorophylla, Hehst. 8

decumbens, Hehst. . 11

geminiflora, Sond. . 9

aes Peat

Ses ae

hirtula, Harv. . . 12

Natalensis, Hehst. . 12

pentamera, Hehst. . 12

rupicola, Sond. 12

scabrida, Sond. . . 9

setifera, Sond. . . 10

stricta, Z. M. Reet Fe

tenella, Hehst. 13

thymifolia, Pr. . il

Heinsia

Capensis, Buck . . 7

HELENIEZ .. . 184

HELIANTH EN 25 3

Heticurysum, Vahl . 207

acutatum, DC. ae

adenocarpum, :

afine, Less. . 227

-allioides, Zess. 239

alsinoides, DC. . 214

alveolatum, DC.. . 245

anomalum, Less. 249

appendiculatum, Less. 242

aretioides, Turez.

argenteum, Th,

» 277

» 227

-argyrophyllum, De. 233

argyrospherum, DO. 222

aureonitens, Sch. B. 247

auriculatum, Less, . 253

Burchellii, DC... 254

cespiticium, Sond. - 217

callicomum, Harv. . 247

INDEX

Page

citrinum, Less, . . 259

cochleariforme, DC, 220

comosum, Sch. B. . 217

concolorum, DC. . 251

Cooperi, Harv. . . 231

coriaceum, Harv. 230, 608

HELICHRYSUM (con.)

coriaceum, Sd. « 239

crassifolium, Less, . 224

crassinerve, DC.. . 241

crispum, Less. . . 253

cylindricum, Less. . 220

cymosum, Less. . . 245

declinatum, Less. . 218

decorum, DC. « 232

decorum, Krauss. . 232

diffusum, DC, . . 223

discolor, DC . 242

Dregeanum, S. § H. 251

Ecklonis, Sond. . 254

elegantissimum, DC. 229

ericefolium, Less, . 217

ericoides, Pers. . . 218

erosum, Harv. . . 251

Ernestianum, DC. . 219

excisum, Jess. . . 237

eximiwm, Less. . 260

expansum, Less. 216

fastigiatum, Harv. . 219

felinum, Less. . . 225

ferrugineum, Pers. . 258

- ineum, ie + 259

filagineum, DO. . 215

foetidum, Cass. . . 232

ae « » 242

fruticans, Less. . . 225

fulgidum, Willd, 232

fulvellum, Harv. 608

Gariepinum, DC. . 228

Gerrardi, Harv. 244

grandiflorum, Less. . 224

griseum, Sond. . . 237

gymocomum, DC. . 244

hamulosum, 7. M. .

hebelepis, DC. . .

herbaceum, Andr.

herniarioides, DC, .

humile, Andr, .

hypoleucum, Harv, .

imbricatum, DC. 220

imbricatum, tag 221

imbricatum, ' Th. + 258

incarnatum, DC. 220

intermedium, Less. . 226

intricatum, DC, 248

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 249

Krebsianum, Zess. . 241

Lambertianum, DC. 231

lanatum, Harv. . 233

lanatum, Schr. +» 254

lancifolium, Th. 227

HELICHRYSUM (con.)

latifolium, Less. .

laxum, EZ. M. .

leiolepis, DC.

leiopodium, DC.

Leontonyx, DC.

leptolepis, DC.

leptorhizum, DC.

leucophyllum, DC.

limeare, DC. . .

longifolium, DC.

lucilioides, Less.

marginatum, DC.

marifolium, DC.

maritimum, Less.

melanacme, DC.

metalasioides, DC. .

miconifolium, DC,

micropoides, DC.

montanum, DC. .

mucronatum, Less. .

multinerve, DC.

Mundtii, Hare. .

Natalitium, DC.

niveum, Less, .

nudifolium, Less.

obvallatum, DC.

odoratissimum, Less,

oxybelium, DC.

oxyphyllum, DC.

pe, Harv.

pallidum, DC

‘paniculatum, Th.

pannosum, DC. .

paronychioides, De.

parviflorum, DC.

pedunculare, DC.

pentzioides, Less.

petiolatum, DC..

phlomoides, Spr. .

pillosellum, Less.

platypterum, DC.

plebeium, DC. .

populifolium, DC.

proliferum, Willd. .

psilolepis, Harv.

pulchellum, 2.1.

quinquenerve, Less.

radicans, Th.

ramulosum, DC.

recurvatum, Th.

repandum, DC. .

retortum, 7h. .

revolutum, Less.

rosum, Less. . .

rotundatum, Harv. .

rotundifolium, Less.

rubellum, Less. .

rugulosum, Less.

rutilans, Less. .

‘seabrum, DC.

Page

HELICHRYSUM (con)

scabrum, Less. . . 252

serpyllifolium, Less. 218

sesamoides, Curt. . 255

sesamoides, Th. . . 255

sessile, DC. . 219

setosum, Harv. . . 231

simillimum, DC. . 246

simulans, H.g S. . 217

sordescens, DO. aad.

speciosissimum, Willd. 257

speciosum, Th. - 254

speciosum, Th. ed:

spectabilis, Todd” « 255

spiciforme, DC.. . 216

spirale, Andr. . . 257

splendens, B. Mag. . 233

splendidum, Less, . 234

squamosum, Th. . 233

Stachelina, Th. . . 257

stachelinoides, Less. 260

stenopterum, DC. . 244

stellatum, Less. . 221

stoloniferum, Th. . 228

striatum, Th. . 225

subdecurrens, DC. . 248

subglomeratum, Lets, 235

subulifolium, Harv. 241

Sutherlandi, Harv. 218

tenuiculum, DC. . 246

teretifolium, Less. . 250

tricostatum, Less. . 251

trilineatum, DC. . 245

umbellatum, Harv. 230

nen eae. 236

undatum, Less. . . 238

_wariegatum, Th.. . 257

vestitum, Less. . 254

virgatum, Willd. 958

wanthinum, DC. . 234

weranthemoides, DC. 227

xerochrysum, DC. . 243

Zeyheri, Less. . . 253

Heniprerum, DC.. . 256

argyropsis, DC.. . 259

canescens, DC. . . 257

citrinum, H. ¢ S. 259

Dregeanum, DC. 260

eximium, DC. . . 259

fasciculatum, DC. . 255

ferrugineum, DC. . 233

eee S.g H. 258

glabratum, Sd... 257

phaloides, “De. - 260

yllum, DC. . 255

ity Ds 5s. 200

oem DC," -... 209

seminudum, Sch. B. 257

sesamoides, DE.

INDEX.

HELIPTERUM (con.)

Page

spinulosum, Turcz, . 258

variegatum, DC. . 257

virgatum, DC. . 258

Zeyheri, Sond. el AY

Henanthus

fasciculatus, Less. . 103

Heteractis

falcata, DC. GI

HETEROLEPIS, Cass. . 469

decipiens, Cass. - + 469

mitis, DC. . . 469

peduncularis, DC. 469

Heterorachis

spinosissima, Sch. B. 505

Hieracioum, L. . 529

Capense, L. ...0 O22

polyodon, Fries . . 530

Hieria, Linn. . . «. 170

frutescens, Z. . . 170

abs, tes... «110

hirsuta, DC. ates yo §

integrifolia, Less. . 171

repens, PED iy 2 E

Hrrpictum, Cass. . . 485

echinulatum, Cass, . 485

Echinus, Less. . . 480

integrifofium, Less. 485

Zeyheri, Sond. . . 496

Holophyllum

capitatum, Less... 191

lanuginosum, DC. 191

scabrum, DC. 191

Hopriopayrtium, DC. . 53

ferox, Sond. . . 54

spinosum, DC. 54

Homochroma

Ecklonis, DC. . . 66

Hyprornyiax, L.f.. 25

ial a

pane DC. 191

incisa, ee ere SEU

es 6 Ay 189

t a, Cass.

ndate, pe... «191

parviflora, DC, . . 189

punctata, . + 190

Hyposeris

tenella, Th. : 525

Hyperanthus

floridus, E.M. . + 6

Hypocnarrs, Vaill. . 525

Capensis, Less. « 25

Jabra, Linn. . - 525

6176, Drege . - + 527

Inuta, Gaertn. . . 121

Africana, Lam. . . 121

aromatica, L. . - 514

Capensis, Spr. 121

cernua, Bg. 514

Page

INULA (con.)

foetida, Th. . 89

pinifolia, L. . 402

punctata, Less. 121

Iocasta, F.M. . . 160

acicularis, Z. M@. . 160

Ismelia

frutescens, Less. . 162

nodosa, Less. 162

Isotosus, A. DC. . 535

corymbosus, A. DC. 535

Ecklonianus, Sd. 536

jasionoides, A. DC. 535

sparsifiorus, A. DC, 536

Ixora

Caffra, Poir. 19

Jacobea

angustifolia, Th. . 397

bidentata, Th. 397

mucronata, Th. 398, 401

nivea, Willd 398

persicifolia, Th. . . 398

oncedtinifola, Th 397

reclinata, Th. . . 397

scabra, Th 363, 385

tomentosa, Th. 381

vestita, Th. . 388

Kaulfussia

amelloides, Zey. 63

amelloides, Nees 69

ciliata, Spr. . - 71

strigosa, Nees 83

KENTROPHYLLUM

lanatum, L. 609

Kiem, L.. . 315

acaulis, DC. . 319

aizoides, DC. . . 317

Anteuphorbium, DC, 319

articulata, Haw. 319

breviscapa, DC. 318

cana, DC. . 319

crassulfolia, “DO. . 317

cuneifolia, DC. . . 329

Ecklonis, Harv. 318

ficoides, Haw. . 316

gonoclada, DC, . . 317

Haworthii, DC. . 318

longifiora, DC. . 316

papillaris, Haw.. . 319

pinguifolia, DC.. . 318

radicans, DO. . . 317

repens, Haw, 317

rigida, DC. . . . 322

subradiata, DC. . . 320

talinoides, DC. 318

lycopodioides, Sch. B. 277

Kohautia

amatymbica, E. & Z. e

Dregeana, Pr. .

longiflora, B. M. 2

INDEX.

Page

LronTonyx (con.)

pusillus, . = 7

pusillus, Less. . . 222

spathulatus, Less. . 207

squarrosus, DC. . 205

tinetus, DC, - . 205

tomentosus, Cass. . 205

Leptocopon, Sond. . 584

longebracteatum, Sd. 585

LeprotHamnus, DQG. . 111

ciliaris, DC. me ee

rarifolius, Turce ~. Wl

Leria

nervosa, Spr . 466

Leyssera, Linn. 293

ides, . 469

callicornia, Th. . . 294

ciliata, Th. . + 65

ericoides, Bg. . . 299

gnaphalioides, DL. . 298

incana, Th. . 294

ovata, Th. - 83

paleacea, Li - » 209

picta, Th. . 516

pilosella, Th . 65, 69

polifolia, Th . 614

WOrrost, . 260

tenella, DC. . 294

Leucostemma

lingulata, Don - 254

quinqueloba, Cass. . 155

turbinata, Th. . 185

Licutrootia, L’Her. . 554

adpressa, A. DC. . 583

Albanensis, Sd... . 557

albens, Spr. . . . 560

albicaulis, Sd, . 556

angustifolia, A. DO. 557

anomala, A.DC. . 561

axillaris, Sond. . . 558

Buekii, Sond. . . 560

Caledonica, Sd. . . 559

capillaris, Bk. . 559

ciliata, Sd. . . . 561

cinerea, Sd. . » 657

denticulata, Sond. . 559

BE BE

diwaricata, Bk. - 561

fasciculata, A. DO. 556

fasciculata, E. Z. . 562

i oe 4 OUT

~~» BOC

orf * 561

* . . 563

. . 563

Page

LIGHTFOOTIA (con.)

laricina, Bk. . 560

laxiflora, Sd. . 564

linearis, Eckl. . 558

Loddigesii, A. DC. . 561

longifolia, 4. DC. . 558

lycopodioides, A.DC, 559

macrostachys, A.DC. 558

mucronulata, Bk. . 561

muscosa, Lk. . 563

Namaquana, Sd 556

nodosa, Bk. 562

oppositifolia, ‘A. DO. 563

oxycoccoides, Dr. 556, 558

oxycoccoides, LZ’ Her, 562

paniculata, Sd. . . 560

pubescens, A. DC. . 561

robusta, A. DC. . . 584

rubens, Bk . 557

rubioides, Bk. . 561

rubioides, A, DG. . 563

sessiliflora, Sd. . . 555

sessiliflora, Spr. . . 589

sessiliflora, Zey. . . 600

spicata, Bk. . . . 558

subulata, L’Her. . 555

subulata, . 658

tenella, Lodd - 561

tenella, A. DC . 562

tenerrima, Bk. . 562

erg k. . 561

0 - 661

. 661

- 559

- 537

. 547

Algoensis, A. DO. . 545

alsinoides, Lam. . 539

anceps, Th. . . . 547

aspera, Spr. . . ~ 550

as , Bh 6H

bellidifolia, Th . 545

Bergiana, Ch. . . 532

bicolor, Sims . . 544

ifida, 0 >» SES

Boivini, S eierts re’

Breynii, one

Breynii, ton “pee

bulbosa, L. . ~ . 600

campanulata, Lam. . 534

capillifolia, A.DC, . 541

capitata, Burm . 546

cardamines, Th.. . 599

ceratophylla, A.DC, 543

chameedrifolia, A.DC.544

chamepitys, Spr. . 550

ae . 643

cinerea, . 556

coerulea, Hk. 543

comosa, L. , 546

INDEX.

Page Page

LOBELIA (con.) ee LoseEtra (con.) =

corymbosa, Grah. 535 scapigera, Willd. 550

crenata, To. ; ; , 802 secunda, L. - B51

cuneifolia, Zk. 546 setacea, Th. . oe 4d

“vp hioides, Harv. . 548 simplex, Th. . . . 584

debilis, L. £. . 534 Simsii, Sw . 553

debitis, Th. 534 spartioides, A. DO, 540

decipiens, Sd. . . 540 Speculum, Andr. . 534

decumbens, Sims. . 547 stipularis, Rott. . 540

depressa, 'Th 551 subulata, Kl.. . . 548

depressa, Th. .«. « 583 tenella, Th. . . . 550

digitata, Th. 604 thermalis, Th. . . 537

Dregeana, A. DG. . 545 Thunbergit, Sw.. . 543

Eckloniana, A. DC. 536 tomentosa, L, . . 542

ericetorum, A.DC. 540 trialata, Ham. . 540

erinoides, Th. . . 582 trigona, Roxb. . . 540

Erinus, £ . . 544 triquetra, L. . . 546

Erinta, THe 534 unidentata, Aat. 5-650

fervens, Th. . . 548 variifolia, Sims. . 537

flaccida, A: D0. (8 is, The . . 604

genistoides, A. DC. 541 Zeyheri, Sd. . . 539

glabrifolia, E.M. 537 | Lopetmm . , - 532

heteromalla, Sch. . 546 | Logania

Heyneana, BR, & S. . 540 Capensis, Eckl 21

hirsuta, LL. . . . 542 | Lonicera

ae ce Sage . $41 bubalina, L. ft. . 3

incisa, Th . 599 se tio DC. . ar

Krebsiana, A. DO. . 545 geana, DO. . .

lasiantha, A. DC. . 541 | Mamera, DC. . . . 64

lavandulacea, Kl. . 546 Burchellii, DC... . 65

leptocarpa, Gr. . . 587 corymbosa, 7. . 66

linarioides, A. DC. . 547 crenata, Nees . . 64

linearis, Th 544 Ecklonis, Sd... 66

linearis, Th. . 540 foliosa, Harv. . . 66

longipes, A. DC. . 542 hirsuta, DO. . . 64

lute Tas SU. . G86 lasiocarpa, Drege . 65

-macularis, A. DC. . 543 lasiocarpa, DC. . . 65

microdon, 4. DO. . 545 i ala, DC. . 66

minuta,Th. . . . 553 perezioides, Nees . 65

Mundtiana, Ch.. . 537 pinifolia, Sch. B. . 65

muscoides, Ch. . . 548 taxifolia, DC. 65

Natalensis, A. DC. 545 ee aa oh

nematophylla, Spr. . 541 Adenosolen, Harv. .

Seidisontie, Lam. . 598 oligocephalus, DC. . 175

patula,L. . 644 polycephalus, DO. . 175

paucidentata, A. DC. 543 | Manopappus

pedunculata, Sims, . 543 anomalus, Sch. B, . 249

Petersiana, Kl. . . 548 | Mataxa

Ph, L. . . 598 | Capensis, Spr. 154

or L.. . . 642 | Marrioanm, Linn. . 163

ii, A. DC.. . 589 acutiloba, Harv. . 166

plerocaulon, Kl. . . 548 Hemp For 164

pteropoda, A. DC, . 544 albida, F +. 266

pubescens, Ait. . . 546 bipinnata, Spr. . 154

pubescens, Willd. . 551 Capensis, L. . . 164

pubescens, Dietr.. . 537 | dichotoma, Fel. 167

pusilla, Don, . . 653 | glabrata, DC. . 165

bygmea,Th . . 553 globifera, Fel. . 165

Ht re bog i DAT er . 166

nd Spr.. . 647 eee DO. S.-C ae

_ Sabra, . . + 649 | hispida, Fx. . . 184

623

Page

MATRIOARIA (con.)

multiflora, F2/ . 166

nigellzeflora, DC. . 164

tenella, DC. 165

Meg

brevifolia, 4. DC. . 596

Eckloniana, Bk. . . 596

leptololoba, A. DC. , 596

tenuifolia, A. DC. . 596

Mersocramma, DC. . 306

apiifolium, DC. . . 307

Merauasia, 2. Br. . 265

adunca, Less. . . 268

aristata, DC, «Ste

aurea, Don . 270

capitata, Less. - 268

cephalotes, Less. . 266

eephalotes, DC, - 271

concinna, Harv. . 271

cymbeefolia, Harv. . 267

depressa, Harv, . . 267

distans, DC’ 272

divergens, Eckl 267

divergens, Don . . 267

LEckloniana, DC 272

ericoides, Sieb. . . 268

erubescens, B. DC. . 269

erubescens, DO.. . 269

fasciculata, Don. . 271

fastigiata, Don .°270

glomerata, DC. . . 267

hispida, Don. . 298

imbricata, Harv. . 266

intermedia, DC. =. 269

lanceolata, DC. . . 270

Lichtensteinii, Less. 268

muraltiefolia, DC. 267

muricata, Zess. 270

nitidula, Harv. . . 268

octoflora, DC. . . 272

phylicoides, Don . 271

polyanthos, Don . 270

pulcherrima, Less. . 270

pulcherrima, Eckl, . 280

pungens, Don — . 271

quinqueflora, DC. . 269

rosea, DC. . 267

seriphiifolia, DC. . 269

seriphioides, Don . 286

stricta, Less. . . ete

tenuifolia, DC. . 269

or ae Don . . s moe

w , Don . 266

Merzueris, Presi. . 582

depressa, Sd. . 533

depressa, = 533

Dregeana, os OSS

filicaulis, Pr.. . . 533

humifusa, A. DC. . 533

624 INDEX.

Page Page | Page

Microcopon, A. DC. . 564 | NESTLERA (con.) Oldenlandia (con. )

brevibracteatum, Bk. 565 biennis, Spr... . 295 scabrida, DC. . . 9

Candolleanum, Bk. . 565 conferta, DC. . . 297 | OLIGOCARPUS, Less. . 483

depressum, A.DC. . 566 | Dregeana, Harv. . 296 calendulaceus, Less. 433

glomeratam, A. DC. 565 Garnotii, Harv. . . 296 tripteroides, DC. . 483

hispidulum, Sd. . . 565 humilis, Less. . . 297 | OLicopoRA, De =. 7808

lineare, Bh. . . . 564 minuta, DC.. . . 297 dentata, DC. . . 308

longibracteatum, Bk. 588 muriculata, DC. . 297 | Oligodorella

pygmeum, Bk. . . 565 oppositifolia, DC. . 298 teretifolia, Tez. . ~. 175

sparsiflorum, A. DC. 565 prostrata, Harv. . 296 Oligoglossa

Microruynows, Less.. 527 vefleca, DC. . . . 295 acicularis, DC. . . 160

Dregeanus, DC... 527 rigida, DC. . . . 297 | OLIGOTHRIX, Doe B06

Microstepnium, Less. 468 tenuifolia, DC. . . 298 gracilis, DC... - 306

niveum, Less. . . 468 tricephala, Harv. . 297. Osmirses, Zinn.. . . 303

MrKants, Willd. . . 58 | NrDoRELLa, Cass 7 86 angustifolia, DC. . 305

asparagoides, Licht. 415 amplexicaulis, DC. . 90 anthemoides, DC. . 304

auriculata, Willd. . 403 auriculata, DC. . . 88 asteriscoides, L.. . 305

‘Capensis, DC. . . 59 clematidea, Sch. B.. 87 Bellidiastrum, Th. . 304

Natalensis, DC. . 58 conyzoides, Harv, . 90 Bellidiastrum, DC. . 305

oryota, DC. . . . 59 depauperata, Harv.. 90 calycina, L. . . « 176

senecioides, Hort. . 403 pulls; DOP oe reg camphorina, Gtn. .- 304

MrinvrorHamnes, DC, 124 floribunda, Lehm. . 91 camphorina, L. . . 805

phagnaloides, DC. . 124 foetida, DC, <. 5 <= 89 dentata, Th.. . . 304

Mirrocarpum, Zuce. . 25 foliosa, Cass.. . . 89 hirsuta, Less, . - 304

Dregeanum, Z.M.. 25 Gariepina, DC. . . 91 lancea, Th. . . . 304

Mitrastigma hirtes Oe - "88 parvifolia, DC. . - 805

lucidum, Harv.. . 16 Hottentotica, DC. . 89 pinnatifida, DC.. . 305

Mitriostigma i hyssopifolia, DC. . 89 | OsmiTopsis, Cass.’ . - 805

axillare, Hechst.. . 5 Kraussii, Sch.B. . 91 asteriscoides, Cass. . 305

Mownopsts, Salisb. . . 534 linifolia, DO. . - 89 camphorina, Less. . 305

campanulata, Sd. . 534 longifolia, DC. . . 90 | OSTEOSPERMUM, L.. 433

conspicua, Salisb. . 534 mespilifolia, DC. . 87 aciphyllum, DC. . 443

corymbosa, Pr. . . 535 Natalense, Sch. B. . 87 arctotoides, Th. . . 462

debilis, Pr... . 534 obovata, DC... - 88 asperum, Less. . . 441

gracilis, A.DC.. . 535 pimnatilobata, DC.. 87 bidens, 72. . . «442

Speculum, A.DC. . 534 polycephala, DC. . 89 bipinnatum, Th.. - 92

Morysia punctulata, DC. . 90 Burchellii, DC. . . 444

acerosa, DC.. . . 199 rapunculoides, DC. . 88 calendulacewm, Th. . 463

aspera, Less.. . . 199 resedefolia, DO. . 88 calendulaceum, L. f. 433

dentata, DC.. . . 198 senecionidea, DC. . 88 calendulaceum, Harv. 440

diversifolia, Cass. . 198 solidaginea, DC. . 89 caulescens, Harv. . 442

fasciculata, Less, . 197 Sprengelii, Sch. B. . 91 ciliatum, Bg. . + 437

juncea, DC. . . . 198 undulata, Sond.. . 90 coeruleum, Ait. . . 92

lineariloba, DC.. . 199 | Ompera, Z.. . . .184| comnatum,DC, . - 427

longifolia, Less.. . 198 | aliena, L.f. . . - 469| coriaceum, De. . . 436-

la, DC. . 198 alienata, The. . . 485 corymbosum, L. .~ 445

pachyphylla, Sch. B. 198 hirta, a TB tocar paar agg cuspidatum, DC. - 431

pinnata, DC.. , . 199 | intermedia, DC.. . 135 | —ephedroides, DC. . 442

spathulata, DC. . . 199| levis, DC. . . .185| fallax, Spr. - + - 159

ra, DC.. . . 197 latifolia, Less. . . 135 foridum, E.M.. - 422

Munychia obtusifolia, Cass. . 135 foveolatum, DO.. - 444

Cymbalarie, Nees . 80 | prolifera,Th. . .135| glabratum, Less. - 425

j ioides, DC. +80 prolifera, Z. . . . 135 glandulosum, DC. . 443

hirsuta, DC.. . . 80 | Oupensurcta, Less. . 512 grandidentatum, DC. —

Natalanthe ‘Arbuscula, DC,. .512| grandiflorum, DC. . 44

_ floribunda, Sd. . . 28 Papionum, DC. . . 513 helichrysoides, DC. 438

_ Nenax : paradoxa, Less. . . 512 herbaceum, L. f. - $35

_acerosa, E.&Z. . . 34 | Oldenlandia heterophyllwm, DC. « 157

a ee Caffra,E.&Z. . . 10 hirsutum, Th. - . 438

ee 296 Capensis, hn. . . 9 hispidum, Harv. al 438

INDEX. 625

Page Page Page

OsTROSPERMUM (con.) ~ | OTHONNA (con.) OTHONNA (con.)

ilicifolium, LZ. . . 489 eacalioides, £. f. . 338 pinnatifida, Th... . 814

imbricatum, Z. . . 444 cakilefolia, DC, 340, 341 pluridentata, De. . 834

incanum, Th, . . 426 capillaris, Z.f. . . 345 primulina, DC. . . 338

junceum, Th. 160, 437 earnosa, Less. . . 336 pteronioides, Hare, 332

lanceolatum, DC. . 445 ciliata, Zinn. .. . 838 purpurascens, Harv. 338

lavendulaceum, DC. 442 coriifolia, Sd. . . 833 quercifolia, DC. . . 337

haxum, DOs aT coronopifolia, Z. . 331 quinquedentata, DC. 334

macrocarpum, DC. . 437 coronopifolia, Th. . 338 quinguedentata, Th. 334

microphyllum, DC.. 445 crassifolia, Harv. . 336 quinqueradiata, DC, 345

moniliferum, Z. . . 436 cuneata, DC. . . 343 ramulosa, DC. . . 331

muricatum, #.M@. . 441 cyanoglossa, DC. . 340 reticulata, DO. . . 343

Natalensis, Sch. B. . 440 cylindrica, DC. . . 336 | retrofracta, Jacq. . 324

nervatum, DC. . . 445 dentata, Lo: = Fes OOt retrorsa, DO, . . 3389

niveum, Th. . . - 468 denticulata, Ait. 335 rigida, DO. 2 2. 885

pachypteris, DC. . 432 digitata, L. . . ~ 325 rosea, Harv... . . 841

paniculatum, Less. . 437 Dregeana, DC. . + 335 rotundifolia, DC. . 344

perfoliatum, Th. 460, 461 Lckloniana, DC. . 33 rufibarbis, Harv. . 341

picridioides, DC. . 440 elliptica, DO. . . 842 scapigera, Harv. . 340

piliferum, Th. . . 436 ertcoudes; Th.. . . 159 sedifolia, DO. . . 336

pinnatifidum, Th. . 92 Jjilicaulis, Eckl. . . 836 | _ senecionea, DO. . . 335

pisiferum, L. . . 436 filicaulis, Jacq. - 342 sonchifolia, DC. . 340

plebeium, DO. . . 442} flabellifolia, Lodd. . 411 spinescens, DO. . 332

pterospermum, DC. 439 | frutescens, Eckl... 323 subumbellata, DC. . 334

pungens, Harv. . . 4387 Sulcata, Th. 5. 416

-retirugum, DC.. . 444 frutescens, g reroe st) Tagetes, L. . . . 156

rotundatum, DC. . 436 grandidentata, DC. 334 tenuissima, Haw. . 336

scabridum, D0. . . 446 heterophylla, L.f. . 342 tenuissima, L.f.. . 414

scabrum, Th, . . 443 imbricata, Th. . . 415 tephrosioides, Sd. . 844

scariosum, DO. . . 429 incisa, Harv. . . 341 trifida. . . 412,414

sonchifolium, DC. . 440 lactucefolia, DC. . 340 trifurcata, wk ati

spinescens, Th. 174, 431 laterifiora, L. . . 415 trinervis, DC. . . 332

spinescens, DC. . . 436 leptodactyla, Harv. 331 triplinervia, DC. . 337

spinescens, Willd. . 438 leptophylla, DC... 834 tuberosa, Th. . . 342

spinosum, Z. . . 438 Lingua, Jacq. . . 326 tuberosa, DO. . . 342

squarrosum, Harv. . 440 Lingua, Th. . . . 342 umbelliformis, DO.. 335

subauritum, DO. . 441 linifolia, Z.f. . . 342 viminea, Z.M. . . 336

subulatum, DC.. . 443 Iyrata, DC. . . . 344 Zeyheri, Sd. . . .. 339

tenuilobum, DC.. . 413 macrophylla, DC. . 343 | Orocntamys, DO.. . 176

teretifolium, Th.. . 98 macrosperma, DC. . 338 Eckloniana, DC. . 176

thymeloides, DO. . 445 membranifolia, DC. 335 majuscula, Harv. . 177

tridens, DC. . 431, 432 minima, DC. . . 339 | Oxyanruus, DC... 3

trigonospermum, DC.439 mucronata, Haw. . 331 Gerrardi, Sond.. . 3

— trigonum, Spr. . . 98 | multicaulis, Harv. . 833 | — latifolius, Sond.. . 4

“i ieee DG; . 481 multifida, L. f. . 412 Natalensis, Sond. . 3

triquetrum, DC pee AST munita, Linn. rae - »« 159 | Oxyspermum :

triquetrum, Z.f. . 448 Natalensis, Sch. B. . 339 asperum, E.Z. . . 26 |

Zeyheri, Spr... . 436 nudata, DC. . . . 884 | Pacnyruyncus, DC. . 272 j

Otnonna, lL. . . . 827 nudata, DO.. . . 344 xeranthemoides, DC. 272 |

abrotanifolia, L. . 410 oblongifolia, DC. . 342 | Pachystigma

adscendens, DC.. . 342 obtusiloba, Harv. . 337 lasianthum, Sd. . . 15

amplexicaulis, Th. . 335 osteospermoides, DC. 332 latifolium, Sd. . . 15

amplexifolia, DC, . 341 pallens, DCU. . . . 332 venosum, Hchst.. . 14

arborescens, L. .. . 338 viflora, LZ. . « 334 ZLeyheri, Sdn. s «8

Athanasie, Lif. . 410 Davonia, Mf. . . 830 | ParasrranrHts,@, Don. 536

auriculefolia, Licht. 340 pectinata, qu ee capitatus, A. DC. . 536

Boe... 881 perfoliata, Jacq.. . 341 ericoides, A. DC. . 526

. . 043 euphrasioides, A. DC. 536

brachypoda, DO. B42 * cola DC.

bulbosa, L. . . . 842 picridioides, DC. . 340| luteus, 4. DC. . . 536

bupleuroides, DC, . 334 | pinnata, Lf. . . 344 | simplex,Don. . . 536

40a

626

thermalis, Sond. .

Bowkeri, Harv, ;

Catray TR ck,

Cooperi, H&S...

corymbosa, Houtt. .

lanceolata, Eckl.

Natalensis, Sond.

obovata, E. M ‘i

revoluta, Hehst. .

Baccharidifolia, Less.

lanceolata, Harv.

‘oxyodonta, DG erieer

polygalefolia, Less. .

tones, DCs ios

Pentanista, Harv. .

angustifolia, Hchst.

glaucescens, Harv. .

variabilis, Harv. .

decumbens, Hchst. .

crenata, Th

dichotoma, DC. : ‘

elegans, DC. . .

flabelliformis, ‘Willd.

frutescens, Fz. .

globosa, Less. . .

microphylla, DC,

nana, Bch, . .

punetata, Harv. . .

quinquefida, Less. .

Page

172

- 162

174

s 1738

s173

172

173

174

. 174

- 178

INDEX.

Page

Petalolepis

coronata, Less. 288

Pryrousga, DC. 176

calycina, DC. 176

oxylepis, DC. 176

PHaznocoma, Don 287

prolifera, Don 288

Phallaria

lucida, Hchst. 16

Phyllis

galopina, Cruse . 26

PHYMASPERMUM, Less. 160

junceum, Less, . . 160

Puri * é

striata, Spr... . 529

Pinardia

Frutescens, Less. « 162

nodosa, Less.. . 162

PLATYCARPHA, Less. 54

glomerata, Less. 54

Purcrrontia, Z. 17

Ciliata, Sd.° 2% 18

citrifolia, E. Z. . 21

coffeacea, EK. Z . . 21

mollis, Gerr. . oiLB8

Mundtiana, Pappe . 17

parvifolia, Mundt . 17

pauciflora, Kl. . . 18

spinosa, K7. . . 18

ventosa, Linn. . . 17

Polemonium

campanuloides, L. . 589

roelloides, L. . . . 586

Polychetia «

acerosa, DC. . . . 296

brevifolia, DC. . . 127

Garnotu, Less. . . 296

oppositifolia, DC. . 296

passerinoides, DC. . 125

pectidea, DC. - 127

relhanioides, Less. . 297

tricephala, DC. . . 297

Pratia

corymbosa, Don. 535

Printzia, Cass. 513

aromatica, Zess.. . 514

auriculata, Harv. 514

Bergii, Cass. . 513

Huttoni, Harv... . 514

pyrifolia, Less. . . 514

Prismatocarpus,A.DC.585

altiflorus, L’Her. . 587

Bergianus, Cham. . 587

brevilobus, A.DC@. . 588

campanuloides, Sd. . 589

Candolleanus, Oh. . 589

crispus, Z’Her. . . 589

diffusus, A. DC. . 586

Ecklonii, A. DC. . 588

fastigiatus, Pr. . . 586

fruticosus, Z’Her. . 588

PRISMATOCARPUS (con.)

Page

grandifiorus, E, M. . 587

junceus, Bk. . . 563

laricinus, Pr. . . 586

linaricefolius, A.DC. 589

lycopodioides, A. DC. 587

nitidus, L’Her. . . 590

paniculatus, L’Her. . 580

pedunculatus, A.DC. 587

roelloides, Sd. . 586

sessilis, Hckl. . 590

strictus, ADC. . . 589

subulatus, A.DC. . 587

tenerrimus, Bk. . . 590

Psathyrocheta

Dregei, DC. . 133

P silostoma

ciliata, Sond. 18

Psilothamnus

adpressifolia, DC. . 159

ericefolius, DC. . . 159

Psilothonna

Tagetes, E.M. . «. 156

Psychotria

oblongifolia, E. M. . 22

obtusifolia, E.M. . 16

saligna, EK. M. . 33

Preronta, Linn. 95

acerosa, DC. . . 98

acuminata, DC. 105

adenocarpa, Harv. . 109

sepia C- i <' 08

aspera, Th. i110

baccharoides, ‘Less. --. 9S

beckioides, DC. . . 101

callosa, DC. . 106

calvescens, Drege 101

camphorata, L. 110

Candollei, Harv. 105

canescens, DC. . . 100

centauroides, DC. . 105

Cephatotes, L. f. 103

Cihate, The. ox 102

cinerea, L.f. . . 100

connata, DC. . 102

cylindrica, DO. . 106

dentata, Spr.. . . 123

divaricata, Less. 99

echinata, Th. . 77

elegans, Sch. B.. ~. 110

elongata, 108

empetrifolia, DO. . 108

erythrochzeta, DC. . 100

fasciculata, L. f. . 103

fasciculata, Willd. . 197

‘jastigiata, Th. . . 103

flexicaulis, L. f. 102

flexicaulis, DC. . . 103

glabrata, L . 102

glabrata, DC . 105

glauca, Th. . . - 107

Page

PTERONIA (con.)

glaucescens, DC. 98

glomerata, 2. f.. . 101

gymnocline, DC. 101

heterocarpa, DC. 108

hirsuta, L. f. 103

incana, Less. 100

inflexa, 72. ¢¢ 99

latisquama, DC... . 108

leptolepis, DC. . . 107

leptospermoides, DC. 107

leucoclada, Z’urez. . 105

leucotoma, DC. . . 106

lucilioides, DC. . . 100

lupulina, DC. . 99

membranacea, L. f. 104

microphylla, DC. 101

mimita, Li... 297

mucronata, DC. 106

onobromoides, DC. 109.

oppositifolia, Z. . 99

oppositifolia, E. M. 107

ovalifolia, DC. . . 104

pallens, LZ. f. . 101

paniculata, Th 102

_ pauciflora, Sims 258

pseudo-cephalotes, L. 103

quinqueflora, DC. . 107

retorta, L.f. . . . 103

scabra, Harv. 109

seariosa, Z.f. . « 104

sesuviifolia, DC. . 102

staehelinoides, DC... 109

stricta, Ait. . . 110

succulenta, Paes 102

tenuifolia, DC. . . 107

tricephala, DC... 101

turbinata, DO. . . 106

uncinata, DC. . . 99

undulata, DC. 104

verticillata, DC. . 99

villosa, LZ. f. . 105

viscosa, 7h 108

viscosa, DC. 109

Xantholepis, DO. 100

WHRIX, DOC. . . 275

cymbefolia, Harv. . 275

perotrichoides, Harv. 275

spinescens, DC. 275

tomentosa, DC. . . 277

LICARIA, Cass 121

Capensis, DC. 121

Pyrethrum

utescens, Th. . . 162

glabratum, Less. . 165

ertum, Less. - 165

Ray We os ome

Kraussii, Harv. 7

lachnosiphonum, Hecht. 7

parvifolia, Hawv. . 7

Pe ee oo 7

INDEX.

Pa,

RanDIa (con.) =

triplinervis, E. M. . 18

venosa, EK. M. . . 18

Rapuntium

acutangulum, Pr. . 546

alatum, Pr. or) ye

anceps, Pr. . . 647

arabideum, Pr. . 552

bellidifolium, Pr. 544, 545

bicolor, Pr. . 544

Breynii, ig ane

capillifolium, Se

capitatum, Pr. . 586

ceratophyllum, Pr. . 543

chamedrifolium, Pr. 544

541, 549

” 541

chamepitys, Pr. . . 548

cinereum, Pr. . 556

coeruleum, Pr. . . 543

cordatum, Pr. . . 539

coronopifolium, Pr. . 543

corymbosum, Pr.. . 535

Ecklonianum, Pr. . 536

ericoides, Pr. . . 536

Frinus, Mch. . . 544

euphrasioides, Pr. . 536

jorvens, Pr. Ff O48

jlaccidum, Pr. . . 544

jlecuosum, Pr. . . 545

genistoides, Pr. . . 540

glabrifolium, Pr. . 537

heteromallum, Pr. . 546

incisum, Pr. . . . 547

lasianthum, Pr. . . 542

linarioides, Pr. . . 547

luteum, Pr. . - 536

maculare, Pr. 543

microdon, Pr. . 545

muscoides, Pr. . . 548

ovatum, Pr. « 546

paueidentatum, Pr. . 543

pedunculare, Pr. 542

pinifolium, Pr. 542

pteropodum, Pr. . . 544

pubescens, Pr. 547

pygmeum, Pr. 534, 553

scabripes, Pr.. . . 545

setaceum, Pr.. . . 541

simplex, Pr. . . . 534

Simsit, Pr. 543

spartioides, Pr. 540

tenuifolium, Pr.. . 540

thermale, Pr. . . 537

tomentosum, Pr.. . 543

trialatum, Pr. 540

triquetrum, Pr. . . 546

variifolium, Pr. . . 537

Zeilanicum, Pr. 540

Revuania, Th. 298

affinis, Sd. . . . 300

apiculata, DC. . 803

calycina, Poir, . . 176

627

Page

RELHANIA (con.)

centauroides, DC, . 301

cuneata, Zh. . 300

decussata, L’Her. . 301

dichotoma, Willd. . 297

ericoides, Cass. 299

genistefolia, L’Her. 300

lateriflora, Lk. . . 301

lateriflora, L’Her. . 802

multipunctata, DC. 300

paleacea, L’Her. . 299

passerinoides, L’Her, 125

pedunculata, Harv, 302

pinnata, Th. . . 146

pumila, 7h. . . 3803

pungens, L’Her. . 302

quinquenervis, Th. . 301

recurva, DC. . . 300

reflexa,Th. . . , 296

rotundifolia, Less. . 299

santolinoides, L’Her. 299

sedifolia, Harv. . . 301

sessiliflora, Tee es BOR

speciosa, Harv. . . 302

squarrosa, L’Her, . 299 -

styphelioides, DC. . 303

tomentosa, Th « 277

triflora, E. M. 297

Bi ake Th - 301

higiophyllum

squarrosum, Achst.. 597

lateriflorus, Less. . 302

Rhynchopsidium

pedunculatum, DC. . 302

pumilum, DC. 303

sessiliflorum, DC, . 302

Ruyngea, DC. . . . 204

er naa DC. . 205

Romtea, Des 691

bracteata, A.DC. . 594

bryoides, Bk. - 592

campestris, A.DC, . 594

ciliata, J... - 691

cinerea, A. DC. . . 557

decurrens, Andr. . 569

decurrens, L’Her. . 595

Dregeana, A. DC. . 591

Dunantii, A. DC. . 592

Eckloniana, Bh. 593

erecta, Bk. ee |

ericoides, Spr. . - 586

ericoides, Bk. . . 599

filiformis, Poir. . . 562

filiformis, Lam.. . 595

glabra, Poir. - . 562

glauca, Eckl. . . 594

glomerata, A. DC. . 594

gracilis, E.Z. . 592

ancurva, Sol. . . . 591

latiloba, A. DC,. . 593

628

Page

ROELLA (con.)

leptosepala, Sd. . 593

minor, Eckl. . - 592

muscosa, 7h. .. + noe

unculata, Bg. . 5

ae Roe . 592

prostrata, Eckl. . . 594

_ yecurvata, A. DC. . 593

reflexa, Sol. . . 556

reticulata, L, . . 591

reticulata, A.DC. . 592

secunda, Bk. . . . 594

spicata, Z. . . . 594

squarrosa, Bg. . . 594

tenuifolia, Th. . . 596

ternifolia, Willd. . 592

Thunbergii, A. DC. 561

Rohria,

carthamoides, Th. . 504

ciliaris, Th. =e Ae

eruciata, Th. > 498

cuneata, Th. . . . 507

cynaroides, Vahl 503

decurrens, Th. . . 489

grandifiora, Th. . 506

hispida, Th. . . . 484

“ a¢ncana,Th. . . . 507

lanceolata. Th. . . 506

monanthos, Th. . . 504

obovata, Th. . . . 508

palmata, Th. . . 505

patula, Thess.» i

inata, eset

in mg,Th.. . . 504

revoluta, Vahl 506

setosa, Th. 482

spinosa, Th » 6 497

squarrosa, 482

Rosenta, 7'h. 4 294

glandulosa, Th. . . 294

spinescens, DC. . , 296

So sates Th. 7

a s. :

Rusia, y ae cree

cordifolia, Z 85

cordifolia, Th 85

Mungista, DC. 35

hm de ,. 95-

iolaris, E.Z. . 35

OS ae ie

INDEX.

Page

Santolina

erecta, Moe 154

eriosperma, Pers. 154

Soapions, J... 4-48

goduid,.th.... . -. -48

Africana, E.Z.. . 48

Africana, D.-- ...... 44

altissima, Jacq. . 44

anthemifolia, E. Z.. 43

attenuata, LL. . . 42

Buekiana, #.Z. . 44

Columbaria, Z.. . 43

crassicaulis, HE. M. . 43

decurrens,Th. . . 42

humilis, Th. . . . 42

laciniata, Licht. . 43

maritima,Th. . . 43

marittma,E.M. . 44

ochroleuca, Th. . , 43

pallida, E,M. . . 438

rigida, lL. . 42

tomentosa, E. M. . 44

trifida,Th. . 42

Scavona, Z 604

Lobelia, Th. . . . 605

Thunbergii, £. Z. . 605

ScuisrosTEPuHiIuM, Less, 168

argyreum, Fz. - 168

crategifolium, Fl. . 169

flabelliforme, Less. . 168

rotundifolium, /zl.. 169

Schmidtia

Capensis, Rchb.. - 529

Capensis, Th. . . 526

Papionum, E.M. . 513

Selloa

Capensis, Spr. 119

Senecio, Z.. . . 346

abrotanoides, E. M. . 395

abruptus, 7h. . . 355

achillesefolius, Th. . 894

acutifolius, DC.. . 407

adfinis, Less. . . 863

adnatus, DC. . 878

afinis, DC. . . . 870

Albanensis, DO.. . 370

albidus, E.M. . . 393

albifolius, DC. . 868

aloides, DC. . . 406

amabilis, DC. . . 380

angustifolius, Willd. 397

beta Bos 5 ony» AOE

anthemifolius, Harv. 376

SENECIO (con.)

asperulus, DC. . . 365

barbarezfolius, Zz. . 408

barbatus, DC. 364

barbellatus, DC. . . 377

Bellis, Harv. . -

bipinnatus, DC. . . 396

bipinnatus, Less.

blattarioides, DC. . 382

brachyglossus, Tez. . 360

brachypodus, DC. . 405

. brachyrhynchoides, er

bryonizfolius, Harv. 404

bulbinefolius, DC. . 406

buplewriformis, Sch. B.

378

bupleuroides, DC. . 378

Burchellii, DG. . . 401

eakilefolius, DC.

calamifolius, Hk. . 406

canalipes, DC. . 403

cardaminefolius, DC. 357

carnosus,Th. . . 361

carrooensis, DC. . 393

caudatus, DC. <oel

caulopterus, DC. . 385

chameemelifolius, DC. 359

chrysocoma, Meerb. - 397

cinerascens, Ait.. . 381

coleophyllus, Zz. . 390

concolor, DC. . 362

consanguineus,

cordifolius, Z. . . 874

coronatus, Harv.

corymbiferus, DC. . 406

cotyledonis, DC. . 407

crassiusculus, DC. .

crenatus, Th. .

crenulatus, DC. .

crispus, Th. pss

cruciatus, L. . . - 387

cymbalarizfolius, ae

debilis, Harv.

decurrens, DC. .

deltoides, Less.

diffusus, Th. . « » 909

digitalifolius, DC. . 372

Diodon, DC.. . . 398

diversifolius, Harv. -

doroniciflorus, DC.. 370

re De. co

Dregeanus, DC.. -

Ecklonianus, DC. . 368

elegans, ZL, . . - 360

Page

SENECIO (con.)

erysimoides, DC. . 357

euryopoides, DC. . 395

expansus, Harv.. . 384

filifolius, Harv. . . 899

Jilipes, Turez. . . 358

foeniculoides, Harv. 395

Gerrardi, Harv. . . 380

glaberrimus, DC. . 378

glabrifolius, DC. . 364

_ gilastifolius, L. - 890

glaucescens, DC.. . 394

glutinarius, DC. . 360

glutinosus, Th. . . 360

glutinosus, E.M. . 360

glutinosus, Eckl. . 367

ineus, Harv. . 872

graminifolius, Jacq. 397

grandiflorus, By. . 392

halimifolius, Z. . . 889

hastifolius, Less. . 875

heteroclinius, DO. . 356

heterophyllus, Drege 355

heterophyllus, Th. . 356

hieracioides, DC. . 368

hirtellus, DC. . . 402

hirtifolius, DC. . . 388

hypochoeroideus, DC. 366

ilicifolius, Zi. . . 386

inaequidens, DC. . 399

inamoenus, DC. . . 360

incertus, DC. . . 375

tsus, Th. 2). B04

incomptus, DC. . . 365

inconstams, DC. . . 356

inornatus, DC. . . 371

-isatideus, DC. . . 378

junceus, Harv. . . 407

juniperinus, Z. . . 386

levigatus, Th. . . 358

lanatus, Th. . . . 308

lanceus, Ait. . . - 388

lasiorhizus, DC. . . 370

lasiorhizoides, Sch. B, 370

latifolius, DC. . . 377

fants; DC. ..- .... 80d

leiophyllus, DC... 370

leontodontis, DC. . 366

leptophyllus, DC. . 398

Lessingii, Harv.. . 356

leucoglossus, Sd. . 393

linaricefolius, DC. . 400

lineatus, DC.. . . 391

linifolius, Th. - 899

linfolius, DC, . . 392

linoides, DC. . . 407

littoreus, Th. . . ~ 355

lobelioides, DC... 357

longifolius, Z. . . 400

longifolius, Berg. . 401

lyratus, L.f.. . « 384

INDEX.

Page

SENECTO (co7.)

lyratus, DC. . . . 384

lyratus, Th. - 885

macrocephalus, DC. 362

macroglossus, DC, . 403

macropodius, DC. . 404

macrospermus, DC, 371

marginatus, Th. 379, 389

maritimus, Z, . . 354

matricarizfolius, DC. 358

membranifolius, DC. 356

microglossus, DC. . 382

microspermus, DC, . 388

Mikanie DC. «. . 403

Mikanieformis DC. 403

Mikanioides, Otto . 402

monticolus, DC. . 371

mucronatus, Willd. 398

mucronulatus, Sch. B. 364

multibracteatus, Hv, 361

multicaulis, DC.. . 396

muricatus, Th. . . 393

myrrhifolius, Th. . 362

Natalensis, Sch. B. . 404

nitidus, Less. . . 379

niveus, Less. . . . 397

odontopterus, DC. . 364

oederiefolius, DC. . 387

oliganthus, DC. . 390

orbicularis, Sd. . . 376

othonnefiorus, DC. 373

oxyodontus, DC. . 383

oxyriefolius, DC. . 376

Paarlensis, DU... . 359

pandurzfolius, Harv. 380

panduratus, Less. . 367

paniculatus, Bg. . 397

iculatus, Drege . 400

parvifolius, DC... 393

paucifolius, DC. . 377

pedicularifolius, DC. 368

pellucidus, DC. . . 383

peltatus, DC... . 377

peltiformis, DC. . 377

nuinervius, DC. . 892

persicifolius, Burm. 391

persicifolius, Linn. . 398

petiolaris, DC. . . 374

petiolaris, Less. . . 857

peucedanifolius, L. £. 397

phalachrolenus, DC, 384

picridifolius, DO...-- 378

pinifolius, Linn. . 402

pinnatifidus, Less. . 395

punatifidus, DC. «. 396

pinnulatus, Th. . .« 394

pinnulatus, Sieb. . 405

plebeius, DC. . « 358

polyanthemoides, Sch. 386

polyanthemus, DC.386,387

SENECIO (con.)

polyodon, DC. .

populifolius, L. . . 390

gans, Less. 361

pseudo-sceptrum, St. 368

pterophorus, DC. . 886

purpureus, Z. . . 363

quinqueflorus, DC. . 396

quinquelobus, DO. . 403

quinquenervius, Sd.. 391

reclinatus,L. . «. 397

repandus, 7h, . . 356

repandus, Th., pte. . 357

reptans, Zurez. . . 369

retrorsus, DC. . . 877

rhomboideus, Harv. 377

rhyncholenus, DC. 396

i das ica, BEE

robertizfolius, DC. . 368

rosmarinifolius, L. f. 400

ruderalis, Harv. . 355

rudis, Turcz. . . 366

Sandersoni, Harv. . 365

scaber, Willd. « 885

scabriusculus, DC. . 394

scandens, DC. . 402

scaposus, DC. . 406

scoparius, Harv. . 389

Serra, Sd... s.1 B88

serratuloides, DC. . 382

serratus, E.M. . . 365

‘serratus, Sd. . . 366

serrulatus, DO. . . 399

serrurioides, Turez. 395

seslis, Th. .« . . 990

sisymbrifolius, DC. 359

Skirrodon, DC. . . 399

solidaginoides, Bg. . 390

solidagineus, Spr. . 390

sophioides, DC. . . 357

spireifolius, 7h. . 363

squamosus, Th. . . 384

striatifolius, DC. . 37

striatus, Th. .

subnudus, DC. .

subsinuatus, DC,

succulentus, DC.

qulcatus, DO... .. 372

tamoides, DC. . . 404

tanacetoides, Sd. . 394

telephifolius, Jacq. . 354

tenellus, DC. . . 358

tenuilobus, DC. . . 392

Thunbergii, Harv. . 379

630

Page

SENECIO (con.)

thyrsoideus, DC. . 364

tomentosus, Sal, . . 381

- tortuosus, DO. . . 381

trachylenus, Harv. 358

— <p

triplinervius, DC. . 391

triqueter, Less. . . 403

tuberosus, Harv. . 375

umbellatus, Zinn. . 892

ustulatus, DC. 354, 355

variabilis, Sch. B. . 363

variifolius, DC. . . 385

venosus, Harv. . . 379

venustus, Ait, . . 392

verbascifolius, Burm. 381

vernonioides

5 B. 363

vestitus, Berg. . . 388

vimineus, DC. . . 401

virgatus, Linn, - 408

Volkamerice, Sch. B. 362

vulgaris, Z. . . . 354

Zeyheri, Turcz. . . 383

SENECIONER . . . 306

SENECIONIDEZ . . . 127

Seriphium

adpressum, DC. 275, 285

alopecuroides, Lam. 284

des, Less. 283

phleoides, DC. . . 282

phyllostachyum, DC, 282

plumosum, L. . . 284

prostratum, Lam. . 281

reflecum, Pers. . . 286

vermiculatum, DC. . 284

Serissa

Capensis, Th. .. . 17

Dregeana, Pr. . . 553

Soncnus, Z. . . 527

per, ls... 699

ciliatus, Lam. . . 529

gear a. . 528

mianus, DC. . 528

fallax, Wallr, . . 529

INDEX.

Page

Soncouus (con.)

glaber, "Th. 5-5 529

integrifolius, Harv. 528

Wanus, Ode 4 G28

oleraceus, Linn.. . 528

reversus, E. M, . . 529

spinosus, Lam. . . 529

umbellifer, Th. . . 529

zacinthoides, DC. « §29

SPERMACOCE, Meyer 328

ericefolia, Licht. . 32

Natalensis, Hchst. . 24

SPHHRANTHUS, Vaill, . 115

peduneularis, DC. . 115

SpHENOGYNE, R. Br. . 187

abrotanifolia, R. Br. 141

adonidifolia, DC. . 139

anethifolia, Less, . 143

anethoides, DC.. . 144

anthemoides, R. Br. 138

brachypoda, Harv. . 140

brevifolia, DC. . . 145

calenduleflora, DO. 139

chamzmelifolia, DC. 143

chamzmeloides, DC. 146

chrysanthemoides, Less.

152

ciliaris, DC. . . . 148

concolor, Harv. . . 142

coronopifolia, Less. 140

crithmifolia, R, Br. 144

dentata, R.Br... . 142

Glpes £.M. . 139

foeniculacea, Less. . 139

gracilis, DC. .

grandiflora, DC. . 144

heterodonta, DC. . 147

hispida, DC.. . . 140

inciss, DO. o- 65.140

leptoglossa, DC.

Natalensis, Sch. B.. 448

nudicaulis, Less. . 142

nudicaulis, Eckl. . 144

odorata, R. Br... . 149

paleacea, des S. .. 146:

pallida, DC. . . 189

pauciloba, DO. . . 145

pilifera, Less, . . 149

pilifera, DC. 145, 150

pinnata, Less.

pusilla, DO. .

= erg DC. 146

rigidula, D ow BAB

nor neng te 4438

seariosa, R.Br... . 149

Sropma, Th.

Page

SPHENOGYNE (con.)

sericea, Less. . . 141

serrata, DC. . . . 148

serrata, Eckl. . . 149

setigera, DC... . . 142

Sonneratii, Cass. . 149

subjlosculosa, E.M. 146

subhirsuta, DC... . 141

tenuifolia, DC. . . 148

tridentata, Harv, . 149

trifida, Less. ears! | yf

trifurea, Harv. . . 147

triloba, DC. 147

tripartita, DC. 147

versicolor, DC 139

SpmLANTHES, Jacq. . 133

Africana, DC. . . 184

Stehelina

centauroides, Burm, 301

corymbosa, Th. . . 50

fasciculata, Th. . . 272

gnaphaloides, L, . 260

imbricata, Berg. . 266

Srerropiscus, Less. . 159

capillaceus, Less

Saree |!)

linearilobus, DC.

- 160

SrepHanocoma, Less.. 485

Berkheyoides, Less. . 489

carduoides, Less. . 485

Stephanopappus

reflecus, Less, . 295

Srinpnocyne, DC. . 306

bellidioides, DO. . 306

STILPNOPHYTUM, Less. 186

axillare, Less. ae of

linifolium, ZLess.. . 186

longifolium, Less. . 186

oocephalum, DC. . 187

ie aS

acanthopoda, DC. . 492

acarnoides, DC. . 501

adenocarpa, DC, .

aristosa, DO. . . 495

atractyloides, Th. . 500

biloba, DC. .

bipinnatifida, H. . 499

Breynii, Spr. . . 617

baphithaimolies, DC. 497

cardopatifolia, DC. . 493

carlinefolia, DC. . 501

carlinoides, Th. . . 500

cirsiffolia, DO. . . 489

cruciata, Harv. . . 498

decurrens,Th, . . 485

discolor, DC. . . 490

echinacea, Harv. . 495

echinopoda, DC. . 491

epitrachys, DC.

eriobasis, DC. .

erysithales, DC.. . 501

Gerrardi, Harv. . 495

Page Page os

SropZa (con.) Srorze (con.) Thunbergia a

glabrata, 7h. . . 498 prostrata, Z. . . 281 Capensis, Montin. . 6

glabriuscula, DC. . 488 reflexa, L. . . « 286 | Trachelium

glauca, DO. . . . 498 Rhinocerotis, Lf. . 274 diffusum, L.f. . . 586

glomerata, Spr. . . 54 rugulosa, Harv. . . 282 tenuifolium, Th. . 596

helianthiflora, DC. . 489 spiralis, Less. . . 283 Dione, Jacq. .-. 525

heterophylla, Th. . 499 squarrosa, Harv. . 280 picroides, LL. . . 525

insignis, Harv. . . 496 tortilis, DO. . - 281 | Tricnoayns, Less. . 285

lanata, The . . « 498 vermiculata, DC. . 284 decumbens, Less. . 286

McKenii, Harv. . 494 virgata, Th. « -. 284 glomerata, Harv. . 287

membranifolia, DC. 492 | SryLocoryNnE, Cav. . 4 laricifolia, Less. . . 287

microcephala, DC. . 490 cuspidata, £. U, ~ -4 paronychioides, DC. 287

multijuga, DC. . 494 | Tanacerum, DL. . . 167 padicans, DC. . . 286

onobromoides, DC. . 493 acutilobum, DC.. . 166 reflexa, Less. . . 286

onopardifolia, DC. . 491 albidum, DC. . . 167 seriphioides, Less. . 286

oppositifolia, DC. . 497 argyreum, DC. . . 168 verticillata, Less. . 287

petiolata, DC. . . 491 Burchellit, DC. . . 172 | Trigonotheca

pinnata, Th. . . . 505 consanguineum, DO, 169 Natalensis, Sch. B. 138

pinnatifida, Th. . . 498 cotuloides, L.. . . 171) Tripreris, Less. . . 424

platyptera, Harv. . 495 crategifolium, DC, 169 Aghillana, DO. . . 429

polyacantha, DC. . 489 flabelliforme, L’Her. 172 amplectens, Harv. . 427

purpurea, DC. . . 494 Srutescens, L., . . 170 amplexicaulis, Less. 427

Radula, Harv. . . 491 Fruticosum, L. . . 166 amplexicaulis, DC. . 427

rhapontica, DC.. . 494 globiferum, DC. . . 165 arborescens, Less. . 431

rigida, Th. . . .499| grandiflorum, Th. .166| clandestina, Less. . 428

rubricaulis, DC, —. 500 griseum, Harv. . . 108 clandestina, DC. . 428

scolymoides, DC,...... 489 heptalobum, DC. . 167 dentata,. Harv. - 427

seminivea, DC. . . 499 hippiefolium, DC. . 167 flexuosa, Harv. . 429

sonchifolia, Harv. . 497 hispidum, DC. . . 184 Gariepina, Sd. . . 432

speciosa, De... , 492 leptolobum, DC. . . 166. glabrata, Harv. . . 425

spherocephala, DC. 490 linearilobum, DC. . 183 glandulosa, Turez. . 430

viscosa, DC. ac, 497 linifolium, Th. . . 187 herbacea, DC. . . 428

Zeyheri, S. § H. . 496 longifoliwm, Th. . 187 humilis, Turez. . . 480

Zeyheri, Less. . . 500 multiflorum, Th. . 166 hyoseroides, DC. . 428

SrorpE, Linn. . . . 279 obtusum, Th. . . 165 incana, Harv. . . 426

adpressa, DC. . . 285 pilosum, Bg. . . . 171 leptoloba, Harv. . 432

vethiopica, ZL. . . 280 rotundifolium, DC. . 169 limonifolia, DC.. . 432

ethiopica, Sieb. . .. 283 suffruticosum, Th. . 170 linearis, Harv. . . 426

alopecuroides, Less. 284 tortuosum, DC... . 174 macroptera, DC. . 425

eapitata, Berg. . . 283 vestitum, Th, . . 197 microcarpa, Harv. . 427

cernua, Th. . . . 274 | Taraxacum, Hall. . 526 Natalensis, Harv. . 430

cinerea, Sieb, . . 274 fulvipilis, Harv. . 527 pachypteris, Harv. . 432

cinerea, Th. . . . 284 | TarncHonantaus, Linn. 118 pallescens, DO. . . 425

copholepis, Sch. B. . 282 angustissimus, DC. . 118 petiolata, DC. . . 431

disticha, L. . . . 286 camphoratus, Z. . 118 polycephala, DC. . 428

fasciculata, TH, + 200 dentatus, Eckl. . . 116 rigida, Harv. . . 426

filaginea, Sch. B. . 285 dentatus, Th. .~ . 116 scariosa, DC, . . 428

fusca, Th.. . . . 283 ellipticus,Th. . . 116 setifera, DC. . . 429

gnaphalioides, Hitt. . 280 ericoides, L.f. . ~ 204 sinuata, DC. . . 426

gnaphalioides, Th. . 270 lanceolatus, Th. . . 116 spathulata, DO.. . 429

gomphrenoides, Berg. 280 Litakunensis, DC. . 118 spinescens, Harv. . 431

incana, Th, . . + 283 mimor, Des. ss TIS Thomii, Harv. . . 426

leucocephala, DC. . 280 obovatus, DC. . . 118 tomentosa, Less. . 430

microcephala, DC. . 280 racemosus, Th. . . 116 | Urospermum, Scop. . 525

mucida, E.M. . . 274 trilobus, DC. . . 118 Capense, Spr. . . 525

nervigera, Sch. B, . 281 | ToammvopHyiuM, Hrv. 155 picroides, Desf. . . 525

meeen, Th,........ + 218 multifiorum, Harv. 155 | Urstnta, Gin. . . . 150

phizoides, Sch. B. . 282 Mundtii, Harv. . . 155 affinis, Harv.. . . 151

phylicoides, Th, . 281 | Thelythamnos albicaulis, DC. . 152

plumosa,Th. . . 284 filiformis, Spr. . . 146 annua, Less. . . . 152

632

Page

URSINIA (con.)

apiculata, DC. - 251

cakilefolia, DC. . 152

chrysanthemoides, H, 152

jilicaulis, DC. . . 152

indecora, DC. . . 152

montana, DCO. . . 150

nana, DC. . . . 153

paradoxa, Gin. . . 151

_ peduneulosa, DC. . 152

2460

VALERIANELLA, Poll.

eriocarpa, Desv., ., 40

Vanguieria, Comm. 13

infausta, Bch. 13

lasiantha, Sd 14

latifolia, Sd 14

cinerarium, DC, . . 461

_ decurrens, Less,

discolor, Zess,

erosum, Harv. ,

fugax, Harv. . . 464

hirsutum, Harv.

hispidulum, Less,

hispidulum, DC ?

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 464

macrocephalum, DC. 463

macrospermum, DC, 460

microcephalum, DC. 462

perfoliatum, Less. . 461

plantagineum, Less. . 460

INDEX.

‘VERNONIA (con.)

angulifolia, DC. . 49

anisochztoides, Sd.. 49

corymbosa, Less. . 50

»Dregeana, Sch. B. . 52

Gerrardi, Harv. . 638

hirsuta, Sch. B. . . 51

Kraussii, Sch. B. . 51

mespilifolia, Less. . 50

monocephala, Harv. 53

Natalensis, Sch. B.. 51

pinifolia, Zess. . . 51

polygalefolia, Lcht.

Senegalensis, Less. . 50

staehelinoides, H. . 52

Sutherlandi, Harv. . 52

Vernonella, Harv. . 53

VERNONIACER,. . . 47

WAHLENBERGIA, Schr. 566

acaulis, E.M. . 573

adpressa, Sd... 583

androsacea, A. DC. 582

androsacea, E. Z. 581

annularis, A. DC. . 582

arenaria, A.DC. ., 581

Banksiana, A. DC. . 574

bilocularis, A.DC. . 579

Bowkerixw, Sd. . . 577

Caffra, A4.DC. . . 577

Caledonica, Sd... . 579

Capensis, A.DC. . os

capillacea, A.DC. . 577

cernua, E.M. . . 578

cernua, A.DO. . . 578

i 7 A.DC.579

chondrophylla, Bk.

ciliolata, A.DC.. . 579

claviculata, E.M. . 577

corymbosa, E. M. 559

costata, A.DC. , 569

debilig, BE. 671

decipiens, A.D. .

denudata, A. DG. .

denticulata, A.DC. , 559

dichotoma, A. DC. . 581

diffusa, A.DC. . . 564

- 575

inconspicua, A.DC. 573

WAHLENBERGIA (con.)

ingrata, A.DC.. . 576

integrifolia, A.DC, 572

Krebsii, Cham. . . 580

linearis, A.DO.. . 564

Massoni, A.DC, . 575

Meyeri, A. DC. . . 578

micrantha, E.M. . 553

montana, A, DC. . 573

Namaquana, Sd. . 582

nudicaulis, Ad DC. . 580

nudicaulis, BE. & Z.. 581

oocarpa, Sd.. ._ . 576

oppositifolia, A. DC. 572

oxyphylla, A. DC. . 570

paniculata, 4. DC. . 575

paniculata, E. & Z. . 570

parviflora, A. DO. . 581

patula, A.DO. . . 583

pauciflora, A. DC. . 582

pentamera, A. DC. . 570

pilosa, Bk... . 571

pilosa, A.DC. . . 575

polyclada, A.D@. . 575

procumbens, 4. DC, 572

prostrata, A. DO. . 576

ramulosa, £. MM. . 574

rigida, Bernh. . 586

robusta, Sd... . . 584

rudis, E.M. . = O40 &

Saxifraga, A. DC. . 570

semiglabra, A. DC. . 581

spharocarpa, A. DC. 581

spicata, E.M. . . 563

spinulosa, A. DC. . 572

stellarioides, Th. . 571

striata, A.DC. . . 579

Swellendamensis, Bk. 570

tenuis, 4. DO. . . 574

turbinata, A. DC.

undulata, 4. DO.

variabilis, E,M. 579, 582

Verreauxii, A. DC. 581

Wyleyana, Sd. . . 583

Zeyheri, E.Z. . . 580

Webbia, DC.

aristata, DC. . . 61

eleagnoides, DC. . 51

hirsuta, DC.. . . 61

nudicaulis, DO. . . S

oligocephala, DC. .

pinifolia, DC. . . 51

Webbia, Sch. B. . .

Kraussii, Sch. B. .

WEDELIA, Jacq. .

Natelensis, Sond. - 132

so reane inoides, Less. 278

E :

Xena, DO. . » 446

acanthosperma, DC. 447

Xeranthemum