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ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM—) |)

XIX aaa

SYSTEMATICS

OF

MASDEVALLIA

PART ONE

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

XIX

SYSTEMATICS

OF

MASDEVALLIA

PART ONE

M. Subgenus POLYANTHA

Section ALATICAULES

Section POLYANTHAE

Carlyle A. Luer

MISSOURI BOTANICAL

MAR 0 8 2000

GARDEN LIBRARY

VG

Missouri Botanical Garden

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MONOGRAPHS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

FROM THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Volume 77

Published in January 2000 in an edition

of 1200 copies

ISSN 0161-1542

ISBN 0-915279-80-0

Carlyle A. Luer

3222 Old Oak Drive

Sarasota, FL 34239-5019

EbiTor

Victoria C. Hollowell

MANAGING EDITOR

Amy Schuler McPherson

Associate Eprror

Diana Gunter

Text FORMATTER

Barbara Mack

SENIOR SECRETARY

Vicki Couture

oa

All rights reserved

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neg oe Sarasota, Florida

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Copies of this book are available through

MBG Press Orders

4344 Shaw

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Pe toe A i oe

FOREWORD

As Systematics of Dracula (Icones Pleurothallidinarum -10, 1993) was a con-

densation of Thesaurus Dracularum (Missouri Botanical Garden, 1988-1993), so

will Systema tics of Masdevallia (Icones Pleurothallidinarum -19, 2000, the first part

of four) be a condensation of Thesaurus Masdevalliarum -1 through 19, Verlag

Helga Koniger, Munich, Germany, 1984-1995, and its sequel A Treasure of Masde-

vallia (Missouri Botanical Garden, begun in 1996).

The format of Systematics of Masdevallia differs from that of the previous

publications of Jcones Pleurothallidinarum. A change was desired to prevent this

treatment from becoming obsolete before it is completed. Loose-leaf pages would

solve the problem, but they are unpopular with many users. Therefore, we offer a

compromise: a different format in both a bound edition (paper-back and perfect

bound), and a loose-leaf edition.

The odd-numbered side of each double-sided page consists of the familiar,

complete format which includes taxonomic nomenclature, synonymy, description,

specimen citations, a distribution map, and discussion. A pen and ink illustration

fills the reverse, or even-numbered side. When desirable, additional text and illus-

trations follow, but parts of no two species will appear on the same page.

At a later date, subsequently published species or inevitable, major corrections

can be inserted where desired, and infrageneric taxa can be moved or rearranged

alphabetically or taxonomically and reassembled. This maneuver will be easily

accomplished in the loose-leaf edition. Bound editions may be broken to accom-

plish the same sequence.

The genus Masdevallia consists of over 400 species that can be divided into

ten relatively well-defined subgenera and sections of very unequal numbers of

species. Infrageneic taxa will be chosen so that each Icones will contain approx-

imately 100 species on about 250 pages, near the practical maximum. The total

numbers immediately become obvious. Icones-19, Part One, contains a ten-page

introduction to the genus, but only subgenus Polyantha with 104 currently accepted

species on 264 pages with 132 plates. Acknowledgments, references, a glossary,

and a combined index to all four parts will be reserved for the final Part Four.

Abbreviations of the names of authors are in accordance with Authors of Plant

Names, R.K. Brummitt & C.E. Powell, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1992.

Abbreviations of the names of herbaria are in accordance with Index Herbarior-

um, P.K. Holmgren. N.H. Holmgren & L.C. Barnett, New York Botanical Garden,

1990,

Abbreviations of the titles of publications are in accordance with Botanico-

Periodicum-Huntianum (BPH), G.H.M. Lawrence, A.F.G Buchheim, G.S. Daniels

& H. Dolezal, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, 1968.

The illustrations are selected f a large lation of evolving styles made

over a 25 year period. Some of the earliest illustrations have been discarded. Those

illustrations inked by Stig Dalstrém since 1992 bear his initial-logo beneath my

initials as the illustrator, except Plate 35, Masdevallia dunstervillei , an illustration

by Dunsterville.

ing of Part One was done by Amy Scheuler McPherson and reading of

the text for correctness was done by Mr. & Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup.

.

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ATINY GAZETTEER

A Geographical Index of the Distribution Maps

1. Mexico 11. Haiti 21. Brazil

2. Guatemala 12. Caribbean Sea 22. Ecuador

3. Belize 13. Pacific Ocean 23. Galapagos Islands

4. Honduras 14. North Atlantic Ocean 24. Peru

5. El Salvador 15. South Atlantic Ocean 25. Lake Titicaca

6. Nicaragua 16. Colombia 26. Bolivia

7. Costa Rica 17. Venezuela 27. Chile

8. Panama 18. Guyana 28. Argentina

9. Cuba 19. Suriname 29. Paraguay

10. Jamaica 20. French Guiana 30. Uruguay

© indicates a locality ? indicates a questionable locality © indicates an unknown locality

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SYSTEMATICS

OF

MASDEVALLIA

PART ONE

CONTENTS

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Masd llia ninocchio

Introduction to the G Masdevalli. 1-10

Key to the subgenera and sectio 8-9

Rapid identifier of subgenera and secti 10

Subgenus Polyantha 11-12

Section Alaticaules 13-222

Key to the species 17-2

Descriptions of species 53-97)

Subgenus Polyanthae 223-262

Key to the species 224-225

Descriptions of species 227-262

263

Province of Napo, Ecuador, near Rio Salado,

ber 1984, photo by Alexander C. Hirtz.

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SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS

MASDEVALLIA

INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

The genus M, i, llia Ruiz & Pavé ibed e subgenera and

tions are given. PART ONE ig the apse ee a the two sections

aca and | Polyanthae. This s genus consists of about one-fourth the mpenans'e of

cle and hypocile ii

Distributio: on maps are included. Types and representative specimens are listed in the

distribution, followed by a discussion of each species. No page includes more than one

species

— a: rs ee pean sme |

Names of new t (validati if t i PART ONE on page 8)

evallia subgen. Cucullatia Luer, i= nov.

Masdevallia subgen. Fissia Luer, once

Masdevallia subgen. Nidificia Luer, rn nov.

Masdevallia subgen. Polyantha Luer, stat. nov.

Masdevallia subgen. Pygmaeia Luer, ea nov.

Masdevallia subgen. Volvula Luer, sibs nov.

tatae Luer,

Masdevallia sect. Den

ev sect. Durae Luer, oe nov.

Masdevallia subsect. C Luer, subsect. nov.

ubsect. Pt y giog ln subsect. nov.

Masdevalli bsect. S Luer, subsect. nov.

BA. A m - _» Fallt 5. a

Masdevallia is one of the largest in numbers of species of the 30-odd genera of

the Pleurothallidinae, exceeded by Lepanthes Sw., Pleurothallis R.Br. and Stelis

Sw. In popularity it is exceeded by none. The genus Masdevallia was proposed by

the Spanish botanical explorers Ruiz and Pavon in 1794 in their first volume of

Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis Prodromus. Species were slowly added to the

aon for the next half century. During the last half of the nineteenth century, its

rity and commercial demands began to grow.

gg eben plants were collected by zealous collectors such as Hartweg, Roezl,

Wallis and Warszewicz and dispatched to the European trade. Perhaps the most

notable author of species of the genus at that time was John Lindley in London,

2 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

followed by Professor Reichenbach at Hamburg. During the last decade of the

nineteenth century, Miss Florence Woolward assembled a collection of her paint-

ings into a publication that became a cornerstone for appreciation of the genus.

Details of this first century of discoveries are to be found in A Treasure of Masde-

vallia 22 (Luer, 1997),

Kranzlin assembled the next monographic treatment of the genus in 1925, but

the twentieth century did not witness a resurgence of popularity of the genus until

after World War II. As the explosion of “progress” exploited regions heretofore

inaccessible, a flood of new species reached the attention of the eager botanical and

horticultural world. Prior to 1975, the genus consisted of 166 accepted species,

although 435 epithets had been attributed to the genus. This large number included

those species that were subsequently removed to other genera (e.g., Dracula Luer,

Dryadella Luet, Porrogl Schitr., Scaphosepalum Pfitz. and Trisetella Luer).

Thesaurus Masdevalliarum, a contemporary version of Miss Woolward’s

monograph, was begun in 1983. It was terminated in 1998, followed by A Treasure

leider laa the number of accepted species of Masdevallia exceeds 400

ham to the genus. The number is still growing.

The center of distribution of the genus is in the high Andes of South America

from Venezuela through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and into Bolivia. Fewer than 50

species Occur in Central America, and fewer than a dozen species occur in Brazil.

ar . ste from the Antilles. The majority grow in the higher altitudes bet-

ee and 2500 meters above sea level where nights are cool and humidity is

Ly gE k cw = 5

because 7°. ~) Popular among hobbyists and horticulturists, not

vies arena Cound iru g Peeause ofthe relative ease of cult

ere vation are found in A M, j 4

hamel, 1988, 1993, 1998), Great interest in h asdevallia Cultural Guide (Rhode

bridization has recently arisen.

= MORPHOLOGY

M lia are characterized by '

ramicaul (§ ; an aerial leaf-bearing stem, the

ese — 1984), produced successively from a stout rhizome.

formed, even when the thizome is ney, Stor 0 that a densely caespitose habit is

the rhizome is 18a little longer and ascending. In a few species,

mosa and M. scandens), (Le., M. assurgens, M. paivaeana, M. race-

The

ramicaul, called the “ ie

is usually stout and itis signin nn by most authors for over a century,

Opinion of some, the simple term “ shorter than the leaf it bears. Contrary to the

thallidi diem 1S too ambiguous for use in the Pleuro-

Stfuctures to which the term “‘stem’’ can be

id » the most obvious structure to

The leaf is coriaceous in “Pply is the peduncle, the flower-bearing stem.

thin to very thick and fleshy, or

and shape can vary within a species The ra iptical and petiolate, and the size

Only

The peduncle (the in floresce chores

defined ri i ea nee-bearing stem) emerges laterally with an ill-

higher near the middle, but always a oncq es 8° O the ramican!, or occasionall

but * considerable distance below the apex the leaf.

ee a eel eee ||

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 3

stem abscission layer. It is smooth in all species except in M. bicornis, in which it

is shaggy-scabrous. The inflorescence is single-flowered, or few- to many-flowered

with the flowers produced simultaneously or successively, densely or distantly on

the rachis. The peduncle is terete (round in cross section) in most species, but it is

triquetrous (triangular in cross section) in the large section Alaticaules. In some

species characterized by triquetrous peduncles (e.g., M. infracta), terete peduncles,

or both terete and triq peduncles, times occur.

The pedicel (the flower-bearing stem) varies in length. In some instances in

section Coriaceae it is thicker and longer than the peduncle that bears it. The

subtending floral bract is usually tubular, but it is commonly inflated in subgenus

Amanda. A large, cucullate floral bract that engulfs the ovary and the base of the

flower characterizes subgenus Cucullatia.

The ovaries of all the species are trivalved, and each valve is ribbed to some

degree. In many species the ovaries are “‘smooth,” the ribs being only barely vis-

ible externally, or shallow grooves between valves. Species with the ribs manifest-

ed by crests or some other external features such as papillae are characteristic for

subgenera Amanda, Fissia and Pygmaeia.

The sepals are the most conspicuous parts of the flower. They display the great-

est diversities is size, shape, texture, and color of all the floral parts. They are

almost always the most important factor in specific diagnoses. In section Coria-

ceae, the sepals are thick and fleshy. The various degrees of connation between the

sepals, from barely connate at the base to form the shallow cup of a widely spread

flower, to deeply connate to form a cylindrical tube, are used to define some infra-

generic taxa (e.g., Saltatrices). The dorsal sepal is free from the lateral sepals in

subgenera Fissia and Meleagris. The inner surfaces of the sepals vary from gla-

brous to pubescent or verrucose. The apices are usually contracted into tails, but

they are tailless in species scattered in a few infrageneric taxa (e.g. subsection

Aphanes and section Racemosae).

The calliferous petals, long considered a hallmark of the genus, are small and

inconspicuous, usually about the length of the column they flank. They are more or

less waxy or cartilaginous in consistency, with a callus along the labellar half and

often producing a marginal angle or a kind of process or ‘tooth’? somewhere

between the middle and the base. Occasionally in very small species with mem-

branous petals (e.g., M. bangii), the usual tiny callus may be totally lacking. In

some clones of M. campyloglossa a callus is also missing. The apex of the petal

varies from acute, obtuse, to dentate. It is commonly lobulated or toothed in vary-

ing degrees and proportions within a species, within a population, or on the same

plant. The apex is channeled and verrucose in subgenus Cucullatia.

The lip is also small, although it often exceeds the column and petals in length.

It is most often oblong, thin or thick, with or without a callus at the apex, and the

apex may be smooth or verrucose, entire or denticulate. The disc (the upper surface

of the lip) is usually sulcate to some degree between a pair of low, longitudinal

calli. In some infrageneric taxa the calli are absent, and in others they are devel-

oped into a pair of “‘eyebrow-like” calli near the middle. In some taxa, these calli

are developed into oblique, marginal folds that divide the lip into two portions, an

epichile and a hypochile. An entire lip is seen in subgenus Masdevallia anda

divided lip is found in several subgenera. In sections Coriaceae and Durae the lip

is simple but thick and verrucose, sometimes with basal recesses that could be

nectariferous.

Incurved extension

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

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-

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elephanticeps (Subgenus Masdevallia section C.

Fig. 1. Masdey

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 5

Petiole

Abscission

layer

— Ramicaul

Sheath

Incurved extension

Fig. 2. Masdevallia sceptrum (Subgenus Polyantha section Alaticaules).

6 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The column is very much the same in all species of Masdevallia. It is semiterete

with a ventral anther more or less hooded by the apex of the column. Two ovoid

pollinia are connected to a viscidium by granular, elastic caudicles. The rostellum

and | stigma are present behind or below the anther. The base of the column is

P 8 d foot at t the ay apex of the ovary, and from the apex of the

foot there is a free, i d aths to which the lip is hinged.

In summary, the genus Masdevallia is distinguished from all others in the sub-

tribe by: a combination of the following six characters: ramicauls shorter than the

leaves they b borne laterally from the ramicaul with an annulus a

considerable distance below the abscission layer; petals callous, especially on the

flowers); the lip flexibly

hinged tothe tip of an extension of the column-foot that i free from the ovary; the

with a ventral anther, rostellum and and two

lini stigma;

TAXONOMY

In order to sort this larg ber of interrelated species int ble units of

gran ato closely related species, it is necessary to divide and d subdivide the

subgenera, sections and subsections (Luer, 1986). Easily recognized

She <— ious physical feature of any pleurothallid, or orchid, is the habit,

by their habit alone, e. oo. Very few species can be recognized

bluish leaves of M. pis : and with a repent habit; the unique, pendent,

Many of the small, densely a a long-petiolate, bluish leaves of M. torta.

in Pleurothallis — s tose species are similar in habit to many of those

other that without pecklinia. Vegetatively, many species are so similar to

€neric taxon. However, the inflorescence of

Section M,

: eee ga pe aways Single-flowered. The sepals are wildly ee

to use in segregating taxa into related groups

Surface of the ovary, whether Ie Pitts peactial kay ceature 1 te

it be crested, lame

ters of the llate or smooth, followed by charac-

Some epee et°® Sepals and petals, more or les in that order. ‘

it combinations of features that vations (€.g., M. caudivolvula). They exhib-

some groups very small in number ent pacement anywhere doubtful. There are

Convenience because of similar redhoe oc veda larger groups merely for

‘4 . ? y

At present, the most isolated DNA research,

include species that ‘1 of species are recognized as subgenera.

related. Studies of DNA will contin ; although they may prove not to be closely

taxa. The study of the DNA some of the proposed infrageneric

of M. pei,

Cated that it is a taxon not closely pelecaniceps (Luerella pelecani indi

related to ‘rela pelecaniceps) has indl-

;

:

:

5

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA i

MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 122, 1794.

Type. Masdevallia vei eile Ruiz & Pav.

ond Masdovall, hy sici th tt of Charles III of Spain

Plants perennial, very small to Tasge, weak to robust, git lithophytic to terrestrial, the rhizome

very short t is few to many, slender to coarse or fleshy.

Ramicauls ascending to erect, rarel di t, non-p e

leaf, unifoliate, partially or completly enclosed iy 2 3 imbricating sheaths f: ‘the b , the in-

rescence emerging late: annular lus) fi the b the middle, a

considerable distance below tip apex “ihe leaf- om ribaciasive layer). Leaf erect in relation to the rami-

caul, smooth, g green, uncommonly suffused with purple, ellip-

tical t ly elliptical ¢ or ob t ly obovate, the apex acute, obtuse to rounded, shallowly

notched with i broadly or narrowly less channeled

petiole Inflorescence a nicole flower, f single fl simultane-

ously few- to many-fl d, longer or shorter than the leaf, the peduncle

slender to stout, short or long, round to triangular i in cross section, shaggy-scabrous i in one species, with

1-3 bracts, wh 1 to coarse and cucullate; pedicel

i a to stout, longer or shorter than the floral bract; ovary smooth, lamellate, crested, verrucose to

trivalvate ibs smooth, car y

i eagi variously colored, smooth to verrucose or pubescent, ‘broad to narrow, acute to obtuse, nearly

to ei connate, usually ith p ts (tails) that are =

clav ate: thin to cartilagi , usually longitudinally callous, often produced in

labellar half a bove th ; lip p usually i inconspicuous, thin to thick, ligula

to i the > apEX acute, obtuse to rounded, smooth to ve wenninione, with eli

denticulate, th Pp ig he = —

£, 14 Heat sohil aA hypochile, thea h + tat a Ps his

beneath; column semiterete, the anther ventral, 1 f the column

entire to lightly toothed, 1 the rostellum Tetrorse, the ‘pollinia Ze yellow, tae with elastic, n nie or less

foot io ae

Ti

€s, 1 at ‘aust’ 4 + + ae een

of the ovary,

The genus Mustevallia’ is cnieaits divided into 10 subgenera, 13 s sections and

13 subsections. Thumbnail sketches of these infrageneric taxa have been published

in A Treasure of Masdevallia, number 24 (Luer, 1999).

Subgenera, Sections and Subsections of Masdevallia

Subgenus Amanda, type: M. amanda Section ee

Subgenus Cucullatia, type: M. cucullata M.r

Subgenus Fissia, type: M. picturata Section ere aoe M. bangii

Subgenus Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Subgenus Meleagris, type: M. meleagris

Section Amaluzae, type: M. amaluzae Subgenus Nidificia, type: M. nidifica

Subsection Amaluzae, type: M. amaluzae Subgenus Polyantha, type: M. schlimit

Subsection Zahlbrucknerae, type: Section Alaticaules, type: M. melanoxantha

M. zahlbruckneri Subsection Alaticaules, type: M. melanoxantha

Section Coriaceae, type: M. coriacea Subsection Coaetaneae, type: M. sceptrum

Section Dentatae, type: M. collina Section Polyanthae, type: M. schlimit

Section Durae, type: M. dura Subsection Polyanthae, type: M. schlimu

Section Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Subsection Successiviflorae, type: M. lata

Subsection Caudatae, type: M. caudata Subgenus Pygmaeia, type: M. pygmaea

Subsection Coccineae, type: M. coccinea Section Aphanes, type: M. aphanes

Subsection Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Subsection Aphanes, type: M. aphanes

Subsection Oscillantes, type: — oa esata type:

generiana giophora

Subsection Saltatrices, type: M. saltatrix lea Ail type: M. pygmaea

Section Minutae, type: M. minuta Subgenus Scabripes, type: M. bicornis

Section Racemosae, type: M. racemosa Subgenus Volvula, type: M. caudivolvula

8 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS OF MASDEVALLIA

1 Lip undivided, with or without calli Z

1’ Lip divided by marginal folds into twc parts, an epichile and a hypochile 19

2 Rhizome el ted. plant renent 3

2’ Rhi bbre . d plant ¢ pit A

3 Inflorescence racemose; lateral sepals tailless...........Masdevallia sect. Racemosae

3” Inflorescence single-flowered: sepals caudat subsect. Masdevallia

4 Peduncle WOON Soi Scabripes

eoeeee: . 5

5 Inflorescence 1-flowered soe! Coe ke 6

> Inflorescence 2- or more-flowered, or successively flowered 12

. Ovary variously omamented ile 7

Ovary not omamented, but may have low carinas oy aka. 8

7 9, omen erin Salat (epieealliegy* + oae *

ay Veare pes MMS OF CONtracted into short, thick tails..............

NO esr teteenseceeseeunees Pygmaeia sect. Aphanes

vet > SUPAls CANCALE.............c.0. ..Pygmaeia sect. Pygmaeae

A Petals without a protruding kei 9

Petals with a protruding process. iG 1]

had te OO CeCe see seeseceses sees

Need en TT TTT eee

7

bay g OP

7 dint” | 't

9 Senalc Jon. es

aj ta 4 ot} = sa

Mibehihtttenite aa. ee eee S20 Oe etsecerees irae > . os

9” Sepals not og _swsrresserseesensesseene MaSdevallia sect. Triotosiphon

EO tp ne er ci 1 0

10 Lip thick, verrucose vat

10’ Lip thin, smooth or mie iaiieaeanioees Se ent Masdevallia sect. Coriaceae

: Verrucose at the apex.......

is Marentemessseescrreeressveeeens Masdevallig Sect. Reichenbachianae

Petals with a small callus abor

ll basal third. Or along the margin between the middle and

ba Petals With a well-developed. yoo 7-~-~- Masdevallia sect. Minutae

Protruding, marginal process,

oF 0+ Secee ees.

Tere we.

12 Se np reereensereee Masdevallia sect. Masdevallia

° of the

Curved column-foot: lip entire

12° Caradon

variously connate

lateral sepals formi i

vi Orming a shallow cup with a

OF with ill-defineg Marginal folds.. =

BO eiarican, Mi 4 lea gris

eo ee 13

Soe eereeee.

tne.

Rt Treen TPO Ce eS eececes eee.

Ovary variously omamented

es

vn Mcomnee s daag l

14 Ovary crested: lateral .

14 Ovary and sepals echinate- Fg teeeesseecennen YOM GCIG sect. Aphanes

Sepals te. Pacis sect. Pygmaeae

13

13’

eee TE TELAT] ETHYL As MEME MRL TW BrTTaT ape eT tpn roee POP reze ieee bey rr aPC WM] wT TF PUMPS pio oes rp ment |

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SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 9

15 Petals with 2 distinct or 2 joined, descending, basal processes

Masdevallia sect. Dentatae

16

15’ Petals withou ita descending , basal process

suvu

16 Sepals thickly rigid; lip thick, verrucose at the apex, with basal concavities..........

Masdevallia sect. Durae

16” Sepals not thickly rigid; lip thin to thick, smooth or microscopically verrucose at

the apex, not with basal concavities 17

17 Inflorescence more or less lax, prostrate, horizontal or ascending, rarely erect;

Masdevallia sect. Amaluzae

18

+

17’ Inflorescence more or less congested, alway

18 Petals with a protruding callus above or along the —_ between the middle

thirds asdevallia sect. Minutae

18’ Petals with or without a low, marginal callus

19 Inflorescence 1-flowered

19° Inflorescence 2- or more-flowered

20 Floral bract greatly inflated, engulfing pedicel, ovary and the base of the flower;

petals with the tips verrucose Cucullatia

20’ Floral bract not engulfing base of the flower; petals not with tips verrucose......21

21 Ovaries with tortuous, undulate lamellae; sepals nearly free; petals sharply tri-

dentate Fissia

21’ Ovaries not with tortuous-undulate lamellae; sepals variously connate; —

not sharply tr tridentate

22 Ovaries not —_— hates aia a the few exceptions in sect. Polyanthae

x0” “ae es carina 23

23 Ovaries carinate-crested; sepals connate into a tube inflated below cent

with a long, curved column-foot cia

23° Ovaries carinate; sepals not connate into an inflated tube, with thick, ft

tails Volvula

24 Peduncle triquetrous Polyantha sect. Alaticaules

24’ Peduncle terete 25

25 Ovary carinate-crested; raceme simultaneously flowered; petals oni’ or chide

a marginal c callus nda

25’ Ovary not carinate; raceme simultaneously or more commonly eeaet

flowered; petals with a marginal callus, never serrated

Polyantha sect. Polyanthae

10 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Rapid Identifier for Sub

2c 42.

Peduncle Racene Floral Ovary Conration Se

r Lip

of Petals Divided

of Sepals Tails

imo. inf + «© + +O, mostly serrate + (0)

tercte 1-f. mf. + + + 0, Lu tecyes

terete 1-fl - + free +0 +

terete = +0 + + 0 0

terete 1-f1 - . = +0 0 0

terete suc. - - + + 0 0

terete = succ, - - + + + 0

terete IfL - - + + . 0

terete 1,simul,succ. - - + + + pointed 0

terete simul. - . > 0 0 0

l,succ. - - + Bint 0 0

terete 1-f1. - - + + 0 0

terete succ. - - free +, 0 0

terete 1-1. . ” + aa * +

triquetrous succ. - - + . +0 +

terete 1,simul,succ. - = + 0 +

terete _l,succ. - + 0 0 0

terete l,succ - + oa ~ + 0

scabrous succ. > - + +

terete 1-fl. - - + +

Key: te : cros io triq gal : a; 1-fl ieee tenet

ries, + = carinate, lamellate, or verrucose; for sepals and petals, + ail for lip, + = lip

Se. A. d by gi 3£..02 oo. pichil dhyp . mF : ig 4. 7 aiadiiartemcam

New Taxa Not INCLUDED IN PART ONE

Bas. sect. Amaluzae Luer, Mong Sy Bo. 16 18, 1986.

Type: Masdevalia amalizaa Luer &

Masd Cucullatia | subgen. nov.

Type: Masdevallia eucullata Lindl.

Masdevallia sect. Dentatne Luer, stet. nov.

Bas.: subsect. Dentatae

Type: Masdevallia colina L.O.Williams

Masdevallia sect. Durae Luer, stat.

Type.: Masdevallia

Bas.: subsect. Durae Luer, Nisin Seed Bee 6:7, 1986.

dura Luer, Phytologia 39: 197, 1978.

, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 16: 48, 1986.

illiams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 11: 93, 1942.

st Pr : alla hae

Planta f

“1h

Masdevallia subgen,

Type: wa ioncte ao

saceeeeet Volvula Luer, subgen

Type: Masdevallia laKreenal

genala

so

s lela ler

See Sorel aes, $

Nata: Se yst. Bot. 64: 128, 1997.

lis, labellum divisum.

si ata bina dda aA hal

Naeem ck amet’ 04s veesircace bea soncetsa hatte sees Deseo p etoile, (SMT Press: a Po

Hea Ss Ga ee el Sar pay STP PTET Tene ae foe eT ert oe mt aa TIM reeTI Seated STP PPerTROTacT POO Me TSPEEPrugrePessiom ET eT SHOE SePUGREHSMMLOL PSTSEITINCpree MMEMBST gh TTOPTT SECIEFISCHEEIPEINOUI MT EMMmTETEPI'PTES enSPleS pHTTHN BIPETcpeommeerY, ak trsPS cst rneeELON

enn pul cay . mer " " Wit eeOw nS ree are TRENTON HOLT Bea e ee LT

Mees tiTS pede ec nce scents th AMiC CoA MEMO OE DOMME ple Laat itt Ok URC MESES on eg nt AI Ee ae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 11

PART ONE

M. Subgenus Polyantha

Section Alaticaules

Section Polyanthae

MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS POLYANTHA

The first species to be described and referable to this subgenus is the Brazilian

Masdevallia infracta, published by Lindley in 1833. Poeppig and Endlicher added

M. bicolor from Peru in 1838. Lindley and Reichenbach added several more

binomials in the next decade, including, in 1846, Lindley’s M. polyantha and M.

schlimii. Published simultaneously, they are regarded now as minor variations of

one species. Subsequent authors selected to use the epithet M. schlimii because it

appeared on the page preceding M. polyantha.

Masdevallia polyantha was indicated by Reichenbach as belonging to ‘‘section”

Polyanthae in 1874. In 1926, Kranzlin pro oposed the section Alaticaules, named for

the ‘“‘winged stems,’ ° ise includes the majority of the species. Twenty-one

binomials of related species were published prior to the twentieth century. Over

100 presently accepted species now constitute the subgenus.

Subgenus Polyantha is characterized by racemes of flowers, successive or

simultaneous, with smooth petals and lips divided near the middle by marginal folds

into an epichile and a hypochile. The subgenus is to be distinguished from subge-

nus Amanda, also characterized by simultaneously flowered racemes of flowers

with divided lips, but with shallowly connate, more or less membranous sepals,

often denticulate petals and with carinate-crested ovaries. All other taxa with divid-

ed lips are single-flowered.

a subgen. Polyantha Luer, on nov.

asdevallia sect. i wo Rcehb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 1: 372, 1874.

a Masdevallia polyantha Lin een ‘ae asdevallia schlimii Linden ex Lindl.)

Ety.: From the Greek polyanthos, * priate = ereccm to the inflorescence.

fi hy

Plants small to large, weak to robust t, caespitose; roots few to many, sle

icauls as pcensiang to erect, slender to stout, shorter than na leat, » paatially or sete enclosed es

2-3 imb Lea ecnet te se a telniom to

ries i meaty thsdéby ical to elli ade r obovate t vate,

the apex acute, obtuse to rounded, shallow y notched at the © apex, the base broadly to narrow ae cuneate

into a petiole. Inflorescence a successively flowered ora s simult aneously flowered raceme, lax or

congested, longer or cee than th e le vat, the peduncle s slender to stout, triquetrous to terete, with 1-3

racts; floral bracts th t, longer than the floral bract; —_

smooth, trivalvate wit - ribs smooth to carinate ; sepals more or less fleshy, variously colored, smoot!

to pubesce: cen, verucose o rugse, broad to narow acute to obtuse, variously connate in Reapers

with the apices contracted into ls; petals oe usually longitudinally callous, uncommonly

with o protruding process or tooth on the labeler s margin at the base; Bp usually thick, oblong, with

p the chile, with the apex acute,

smooth to re aig ent a so mpemates r den ticulate, the disc shallowly

sulcate between the ——— folds, the base truncate to subcordate, hinged on the end or beneath;

column semiterete, entral, more or less hooded, the apical margins of the column entire to

lightly toothed, the paclieen, ces the pollinia 2, the stigma ventral, the base of the column devel-

oped into a column-foot with the apex of the ovary, with an incurved extension to which the lip is at-

tached,

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Subgenus Polyantha i is characterized by variously proportioned, thickly coria-

ceous ry The pedunc cle arises from the base of a

ramicaul, and it t triquetrous jiangular in cross section) or terete (round in

cross section), characters upon which two sections are defined: Polyanthae with

terete peduncles, and Alaticaules with predominantly triquetrous peduncles.

ver, i t d by triquetrous peduncles will

produce . There is obviously an intimate relationship

among some species with triquetrous peduncles and some species with terete

peduncles

Four species ch it duncl times produce partially

terete or sometimes completely terete peduncles (M. garciae, M. infracta, M.

richardsoniana, and M. sprucei). These species are treated 1 in rae Alaticaules,

the keys of both section Alati d section Polyanthae. In

one species chy monogona) the peduncle is partially ancipitous (single-edged in

cross

Masdevallia garciae and M. striatella are a pair of troublesome species that

appear very similar, but they are separated by characters of the peduncle and lip.

f M. garciae places it in section Alaticaules,

and the terete terete peduncle of M. striatella indicates section Polyanthae, but the lip

with the marginal folds, that are sometimes greatly reduced, suggest a species tran-

c tion Reichenbachi f subgenus Masdevallia.

mmonly smooth, but in some plants the ova-

ries saben weirs Seta variously connate into a cup or

tube; the dorsal sepal is usually caudate; the laterals are variously caudate, but

soonest tails, and more or less Tigidly fleshy. The callus on the labellar

is thick and only uncommonly developed into a protruding process. The lip

; a ee by marginal folds into an epichile and a hypochile.

imate are found throughout the Andes and much of South

occur ae W Species of section Polyanthae i in Central America. None

Antilles or southem Brazil and its neighbors to the south.

KEY TO THE SECTIONS AND SUBSECTIONS

1 Peduncle triquetrous

I" Peduncle terete nnn (Sect. Alaticaules)

Tmamrenseemassecvccnnanecnsscescensnsessccncssseeseseeesecesceseeeed (SCL. Polyanthae)

; Raceme successiv flower i...

2’ Raceme pea fl .-.-Alaticaules subsect. Alaticaules

Ailes subsect. Coaetaneae

: Raceme successively flowered

3” Raceme simultaneously flowered. 5 Siesta neh chy em subsect. Successiviflorae

..-Polyanthae subsect. Polyanthaea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 13

POLYANTHA SECTION ALATICAULES

Masdevallia subgenus Polyantha section Alaticaules Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 105, 1925.

ctotune:

2 Rchh f

Ety.: From the Latin alaticaulis, ‘““winged-stem,”’ referring to the triquetrous peduncles.

Syn.: Subsection Alaticaules (Kraenzl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 16: 43, 1986.

In his monograph of the genus (1925), Kranzlin proposed section Alaticaules,

citing section Polyanthae in synonymy. He created two “subsections,” based on

the length of the raceme, each with two further subdivisions,

This large section is characterized by a simultaneously or successively flowered

inflorescence borne by a peduncle triangular in cross section. The sepals are more

or less fleshy, usually with tails, and variously connate into a cup or tube. The

petals are callous on the labellar half, rarely forming a descending process. The lip

is thick and divided by marginal folds near the middle into an epichile and a hy-

hile.

Section Alaticaules is presently divided into two subsections based upon the

raceme, whether it be simultaneously flowered or successively flowered. Some

successively flowered species produce the flowers in rapid succession, so that

sometimes the next flower is opening while the previous flower is still present.

Alaticaules subsect. Alaticaules (Kraenzl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 16: 43, 1986.

Tertahme: M, J, ii. L tha 1 ind. & Reohbh f

Syn.: Subsection Longiscapae K 1., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 105, 1925.

Lectotype: Masdevalli. I ha Linden & Rchb.f.

Ety.: From the Latin longiscapus, “with long scape,” referring to the peduncle.

Syn.: Subsection Breviscapae Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 106, 1925.

Lectotype: Masdevalli J Klotzsch & H.Karsten

Ety.: From the Latin breviscapus, “with short scape,” referring to the peduncle.

Syn.: Subsection Alaticaul (K 1.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 16: 43, 1986.

The majority of the species are included in this subsection. They are character-

ized by a successively flowered raceme borne by a triquetrous peduncle. The few

species that occasionally produce a partially terete peduncle, or rarely a completely

terete peduncle, are treated here, but they are included also in the key to the species

of section Polyanthae for identification.

¥$

Alaticaules subsect. Coaetaneae Luer, subsect. nov.

Type: Masdevallia sceptrum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 7: 653, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin coaetaneus, “maturing at the same time,” referring to a simul y flow

ered inflorescence.

D + FI, etanei

This subsection, characterized by a simultaneously flowered raceme, contains

only a few species.

14 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO

SECTION ALATICAULES

M. acrochordonia Rchb.f. = M. trochilus

M. adrianae Inver

Plate 1.

Pe I on rccerewvecncenvconsecesvovvcoreceseseeseseeseP LACS 2, 3.

M. aguirrei Luer & Escobar. Plate 4.

M. albida Lemaire = M. infracta

M. amplexa Luer Plate 5.

M. anfracta Ké ig Plate 6.

M. aristata Barb.Rodr. = M. infracta

M. asperrima Kraenzl. = M. melanoxantha

M. aurantiaca Lindl. = M. infracta

M. aureo-rosea Weberbauer = M. bicolor

a ois be Rchb.f. & Warsz. = M. bicolor

Plate 7.

M. bab Poop. & Endl Plates 8, 9, 10, 11.

M. biflora E, Morren = M. bicolor

M. brachyura Lehm. & Kraenzl. ..... Plate 12.

M. brenneriT ner Plate §.

M. bryophila Luer Plate 14.

M. buccinator Rchb.f. Gdisses Plate 15.

ea cop-epaser Plate 16.

- Candida Klotzsch & H.Karst. ex Rchbf. = M. tovarensis

M. cardiantha Koniger........ Plate 17.

M. ae —_ & Kraenzl, .. oe Plates 18, 19, 20.

be ideas a sitet Plate 21.

25 + cocapatee Luer, ue & Vasquez... i Plate 22.

& ede acral

M. lark “ee na elas. Plate 29, 30.

M. ic i: i Luer ... Sha aatarngaacee pee ee Plate 32.

M. Lee & Semeveteeeneeeueste segs SAAR acon ace ere oo ee Plate 3 3.

M. draconis — . 34,

Tit tT ae e Sea eicewec im csceccs Plate 34

M. on —— wena etet eset eesteccser snes ee Plate 35

M. Uo aero Plate 36.

M. ephippi hb. f =M. ina eet eos eecesesenseseceetccesces Plate 37.

M. ephippium var. acroc donia (Rchb.f

excelsior Luer & Andrentn ) — = M. trochilus

M.

Luer... 89S CO eS cette ces eee eseee

lide Tere es Pee ere st esse es,

pavomintcetecaseosenereressscevescevesl MAUCS 235 24s

wsecervossesecssel IAMES 25, 20, 21, 20x

Plate 31.

M. Sorgetiana Kraenz]. = =Mi Sore neat te sar ces, iitdcheleeceds Plate 38.

fosterae Luer -

Rade Plate 39.

eas Ages

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

15

M. garciae Luer Plate 40.

M. guerrieroi Luer & Andreetta Plate 41.

M. guttulata Rchb.f. Plates 42, 43.

M. guttulata Rolfe = M. guttulata Rchb-f.

M. helgae K6niger & J.Portilla Plate 44.

M. hepatica Luer = M. cuprea

M. herzogii Schltr. = M. bicolor

M. impostor Luer & Escobar Plate 45.

M. infracta Lindl. Plates 46, 47.

M. infracta var. aristata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. = M. infracta

M. infracta var. purpurea Rchb.f. = M. infracta

M. infracta subsp. obscurans Luer = M. obscurans

M. infracta subsp. oscitans Luer = M. oscitans

M. isos Luer Plates 48, 49.

M. jimenezii Kéniger = M. empusa

M. kuhniorum Luer Plate 50.

M. lawrencei Kraenzl. = M. guttulata

M. lenae Luer & Hirtz Plates 51, 52.

M. lintricula KOniger. Plates 53, 54.

M. longicaudata Lemaire = M. infracta

M. maculata Klotzsch & H.Karst. Plate 55.

M. maculata var. flava = M. maculata

M. margaretae Luer = M. carruthersiana

M. martineae Luer Plate 56.

M. martiniana Luer Plate 57.

M. mascarata Luer Plate 58.

M. medusa Luer & Escobar Plate 59.

M. megaloglossa Luer & Escobar = M. vargasii

M. melanoxantha Linden & Rchb.f. Plate 60.

M. mezae Luer Plate 61.

M. monogona K6niger. Plate 62.

M. moyobambae Koniger = M. weberbaueri

M. navicularis Garay & Dunst. Plate 63.

M. norae Luer Plate 64

M. obscurans Luer Plate 65

M. od petala Luer Plate 66

M. omorenoi Luer & Vasquez Plate 67

M. oscitans Luer Plate 68

M. pastinata Luer Plate 69

M. patchicutzae Luer & Hirtz Plate 70.

M. peruviana Rolfe = M. bicolor

M. phoenix Luer Plate 71.

M. pinocchio Luer & Andreetta Plate 72.

M. portillae Luer & Andreetta Plate 73.

M. posadae Luer & Escobar: Plates 74, 75.

M. prosartema K6niger Plate 76.

M. rauhii Sengh. & Braas = M. mezae

16 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

M. receptrix Luer & VAsquez...... Plate 77.

M. rechingeriana Kraenzl. = M. sceptrum

M. Luer & Dalstré ...Plate 78.

as pees Plate 79.

fa ok - Plate 80.

M. richteri Pabst = M. vargasii

Mt ntas Rader VW. 1 Plates 81, 82.

M. sanguinea Luer & Andreetta Plate 83.

M. scapha Braas = M. navicularis

M. scentrum Rchb f Plates 84, 85.

M. schlimii var. sceptrum (Rchb.f.) Woolw. = M. sceptrum

M. schudelii L Plate 86.

M. scitula Ko ig Plate 87.

M. scobina Luer & Escohar Plate 88.

M. serendipita Luer & Teague Plate 89.

BE gseten 1 roe & Dik Plates 90, 91.

M. sprucei Rchb.f. mines Plate 92.

M. stenorhynchos Kraenzl. .. Plate 93

M. subumbellata Kraenzl. = M. bicolor

T

A Plate 95

M. theleiira I ner Plate 96.

M. torulosa Koniger & J.Portilla = M. carruthersiana

M. tovarensis Rchb.f. eres Plate 97.

M. trochilus Linden & ast ee Plates 98, 99.

tsubotae Were nwa Plate 100.

Sceptrum

* seeeeeennaranneesnseossrsrsesesenrseeesessseeceeneeePlates 101, 102, 103, 104.

Ma emeroeanernoneeeernsanenoosersevenevennte Plate 105.

- — Plate 106.

M. Lo anne CRbreiborccecostes.<..... Plate 107.

M. weber esti > Wirrereeieorsnrevoncerenersnesesesnveereeseeeceseeseresess,F FALES 108, 109, 110.

M. se “Mb nnn Plate 111.

M. xylina Rchb.f, ..

M. zumbae low Tc On eRe enenencseetc cites on. Plate 1 12.

Pete ee Reese.

Fe ON idcairetenpini ae | a Plate 1 1 3 .

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 17

KEY TO THE SUBSECTIONS AND SPECIES OF SECTION ALATICAULES

1 Raceme successively flowered 2

1’ Raceme simultaneously flowered 89

Alaticaules subsect. Alaticaules

(Sepals tailless)

2 Lateral sepals acute to obtuse, not omits into a linear tail 3

2’ Lateral sepals contracted into a linear tail a

3 Lateral sepals broad, connate below the middle M. virens

3’ Lateral sepals connate to the middle or above into a synsepall...........-.-sssssssssssessees +

4 Synsepal concave, connivent with the tip of the dorsal sepal............ M. navicularis

4’ Sepals not as above 5

5 Lateral sepals with the apex contracted : into a ‘a nipple-like apiculum.....M. theleiira

5’ Lateral sepals not with a nipple-like 6

6 Lateral sepals with the apex acuminate 7

6’ Lateral sepals triangular at the apex, NOL ACUMUMALE............sserseereeeererrenneeneenenseeees 18

7 Dorsal sepal antrorse, overlying the synsepal 8

7’ Dorsal sepal suberect, erect or recurved 9

Peduncle erect M. portillae

8’ Peduncle ascending or descending M. lintricula

9 Peduncle descending M. descendens

9° Peduncle suberect to erect 10

10 Sepals white with multiple red GOtS.............ssscseesssseensensesnsseensentensenes M. guttulata

10’ Sepals not white with red dots 11

11 Sepals golden yellow; lip passively motile M. pinocchio

11’ Sepals not golden yellow 12

12 Synsepal narrowly ovate, acuminate M. helgae

12’ Synsepal ovate 13

13 Sepals dark red with darker red stripes M. sanguinea

13’ Dorsal sepal yellowish, synsepal f purple 14

14 Lateral sepals with apices div yerging 15

14’ Lateral sepals with apices approximate 17

15 Sepals 35-45 mm long, synsepal verrucose within M. kuhniorum

15’ Sepals 15-25 mm long, synsepal not verrucose within 16

16 Lateral sepals with acuminate tips 2-3 mm | M. weberbaueri

16’ Lateral sepals with acuminate tips, if aac ‘i a M. cuprea

18 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

17 Lip more than 10 mm long M. vargasii

17’ Lip 1 than & ] g M. zumbae

18 Dorsal sepal shallowly connate, less than 5 mm 19

18’ Dorsal sepal deeply connate, more than half the blade 23

19 Sepaline tube transversely compressed M. brenneri

19° c p ee y ly compressed 9] 8)

20 Lip not verrucose M. revoluta

20’ Lip verrucose 91

21 Dorsal sepal broad, antrorse; ; lateral sepals with the apices not in apposition........

M. dr

21° Dorsal sepal narrow, erect; lateral sepals with the apices in appositi me

22 i er ea dorsal sepal thick, verrucose.................-

2’ “es ot Senmneneneneens M. scobina

tS barely g ; dorsal sepal slender, <a VeITUCOSE...

enna mel anoxantha

23 Lateral Lateral sepals with the tips nearly in apposition

23° Lateral sepals with the tips not pall iti a

Dorsal sepal with the tail antrorse, broad with sid ]

revolute M. adrianae

24° Deval Sepal with the tail erect, slender... M. aguerrei

o> Sepals 40-50 mm long, laterals connate 30-

35 mm M. martiniana

es 26

yo ae with the apices free ca. 8 mm..

with M. norae

mire he ea Sn... M. cuprea

4 Sepals with apices very near or contiguous and with tails)

> eran 28

water apices separated, near or distant. 43

28 Senale dace.

23” Sepals not UN Ua tube... aeeseeeee 29

deply connate ins i. 30

rane Sepals inflated...

29” Lateral sepals not inflated.” — “eeeeeroesresnsessessssesreeessessseesseseseseee MM, DUCCINALOT

sis eiorttteremtesistnersscrecseebecee tees... M. echo

oe antrorse or decurved .

30° Dorsal sepal suberect, To nate ewireted vephbexnacocenas 3]

erect, or recurved. tema 34

31 Sepals Connate into a box-

31” Sepals expanded beyond pes eee a 32

seeeeeeeseve sete tes, See eee ee eseeeessseeees. 33

32 Synsepal with

: @ prominent,

32° Synsepal with a shallow o_o sseemenneessreesesnseneee M., WhiteGNG

Ai THeteaeereseensessasseseessesesssesseeseeenne Ml, QUEFTIErOI

33 Src aaa ma ene wih eve .. au M. empusa

emp

Wietlthaiiiceecseiinan .....M. phoenix

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 19

34 Synsepal with a deeply inflated mentum, rugose within M. trochilus

34’ Synsepal not as above 35

35 Synsepals densely pubescent within 36

35’ Synsepals not densely pubescent within 37

36 Synsepals long-pubescent, with the tails approximat M. bennettii

36’ Synsepals short-pubescent, with the tails diverging..............-0-++ M. don-quijote

37 Dorsal sepal decurved beyond the tube with the tail reCurving............--sssesssesssee

M. virgo-cuencae

37’ Dorsal sepal not decurved beyond the cup or tube, with the tail erect or suberect.

38

38 Sepals connate into a tube twice longer than broad M. deceptrix

38° Sepals connate into a cup about as long as broad 39

39 Lateral sepals obtusely angled on the medial margin at the base of the tails.........

M. cardiant

39” Lateral sepals not angled on the medial margin at the base of the tails Lacie 40

40 Petals with a low, conical process above the base M. schudelii

40’ Petals without a low, conical process above the base 41

41 Synsepal yellow or green, more or less lightly suffused with purple............s.ss00+

M. maculata

42

41’ Synsepal dark purple

42 Lateral sepals connate to the dorsal sepal for about 15 mm M. stirpes

42’ Lateral sepals connate to the dorsal sepal for less than 10 mm

M. impostor

(Sepals with apices near, not contiguous, acutely angled between)

43 Lateral sepals with apices near, with the angle between ACULe.........--+----srers-see 43

43” Lateral sepals with apices distant, with the angle between a 58

44 Dorsal sepal with the tail decurved 45

44’ Dorsal sepal antrorse, erect, or recurved 46

45 Synsepal rugose-verrucose within M. empusa

45’ Synsepal not rugose-verrucose M. dorisiae

46 Lateral sepals with tails shorter than the blade 47

46’ Lateral sepals with tails longer than the blade 53

47 Petals with a descending process at the base M. calagrasalis

47’ Petals without a descending process at the base 48

48 Lip more than 1 cm long 49

48’ Lip less than 1 cm long 50

49 Flowers yellow, suffused or veined with purple M. vargasii

49’ Flowers dark red, suffused or veined with blackish red..............+.+- M. sanguinea

20 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

50 Synsepal broadly expanded, convex M. virgo-cuencae

50° ¢. , o 31. OE i pene aerial $1

51 Lateral sepals with tails diverging M. amplexa

SI’l ee | 1 Sah, tact, , llel gi g of

52 Peduncle fi a M. zumbae

52’ Peduncle shorter than the leaf M. anfracta

53 Sepals di J. int, hall_chaned ein M ,

pn de haped cup........ infracta

54 Dorsal connate at the base M. st h,

+8 Pe se “pape stenorhync.

atac| 7 2,4 2%. s.*t s .

55 L | sepals he M. omorenoi

55 eteea! p 4e!1 56

56 Dorsal sepal with tail less than 30 mm Jong, synsepal with tails 10-20 mm long

| Sattennee . M. bicolor

56 Dorsal sepal with tail 45-60 mm long

57 Lateral sepals with tails ca. 45 mm long M. xylina

5s? Lateral sepals with tails ca. 20 mm long... M sebeaee

a (Sepals with apices distant and with tails)

, Lateral sepals with tails shorter than, to as long as the blad 59

58 Lateral sepals with tails more than ? cm long = 81

59 Sepals whitish with multiple red spots.

59” Sepals not whitish with multiple red spots.

60 Sepals with tails 1-2 mm thick

60” Spas witha es than I mu ii 6

iihedaeniivebawsiee 65

61 Peduncle

61° Pedunl shor than he nd patchicutzae

PSPC OO sEs Se e08.

M. guttulata

60

Foe re2seee.

Gamale vested. 0.23 PEAK ae

Sepals with tails oh gare ACUte CgE........eesees M. monogona

not subclavate s 63

. — peltphactteadin

pcan ier purple stipes Tenn ——

5 ee — : Purple stripes ined

64° Lip wit — M. garciae

rereevesneesnsevssseevsssesescsesesseceseressee MM. Martinede

62

62’

65 ; sepal

65° Pedicels less mene cm long soo emucose cing 2 ee

cose.

66 Peduncle shorter than, to

, about as long

66 Peduncle distinctly longer than the ong as the leaf... 67

Nie dienes | wi 77

67 Peduncle ca, 1.5

67° Peduncle more than 2 cm long. eeeteereeeeesseceeeeennesee M.. mascarata

wis 68

Pec eeees,

‘FP 200,

UNIROSS Chae Obes eR eR etnee rece sec,

Se Re ee

eee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 21

68 Peduncle 2-6 cm long 60

68” Peduncle more than 7 cm long ea

69 Lateral sepals connate below the middle M. sprucei

69’ Lateral sepals connate the length of the synsepal 70

70 Petals with a conical, basal process M. isos

70’ Petals without a basal Process ..........ssssssesssssssssesnesersersnseeessensneeensenes M. brachyura

71 Lateral sepals connate to near the middle, with the apices rounded, abruptly con-

tracted into tails M. fosterae

HFA

7V Tail sepals connate above the middle

72 Synsepal with a d ptacle-lik ntum M. receptrix

TZ Sand without a deep secondary mentum 73

73 Synsepal minutely rugose-vermucose within M. prosartema

73’ Synsepal not rugose 74

74 Synsepal broadly expanded ng the tube M. sanctae-fidei

74’ Synsepal expanded from the tu 75

75 Synsepal deep ne M. obscurans

75° Synsepal green 76

76 Synsepal light yellow-green M. synthesis

76’ Synsepal suffused with light purple M. sernae

(Peduncle longer om i leaf)

77 Lateral sepals connate more than 6 mm, wi d 78

77 Lateral sepals connate less than 5 mm, with a not recurved 79

78 Synsepal with a deep, Comical MENUUM........-.-----sereeesereerssessenseseerses M. serendipita

78’ Synsepal without a deep, secondary mentum M. recurvata

79 Lip with a pair of central calli, the apex not sharply acuminate............... M. lenae

79’ Lip with a pair of central folds, the apex sharply ap en 80

80 Lip with central folds ee M. carruthersiana

80’ Lip with obtuse central folds... M. vomeris

(Tails - lateral sepals long)

81 Plant small; peduncle 34 cm long M. richardsoniana

81’ Peduncle more than 10 cm long 82

82 Raceme cst flowered M. excelsior

82’ Raceme congested 83

83 Sepals deeply connate into a bell-shaped tube.........---.--+-srsereeeneees M. infracta

83’ Synsepal expanded beyond the sepaline tube 84

84 Petals with a protruding callus on either side of the base M. scitula

85

84’ Petals without a protruding callus on either side of the base

M. odontopetala

86

M. oscitans

R7

7 Synsepal with markedly revolute sid M. carruthersiana

7 Sy D vested tnt. 1. ea RQ

88 Synsepal connate 19-25 mm M. posadae

88° Synsepal ca. 30 mm M. bryophila

Alaticaules subsect. Coaetaneae

&9 S + *.8 of . . on

89° Sepals with th Pr 91

90, Sy . id ply : M. buccinator

90 F y p tub M. dunstervillei

91 Sepals deepl ‘ ly bell-sh ip tlower M infracta

91 y bell-shar 92

92 Flowers snow white uM .

. tovarensis

92’ Flowers of 93

a Sepals Dorsal sepal with the tail decurved; lateral sepals deeply migose......... M. empusa

94

04 Sepals ong ane Without demarcation ofthe ta,

94” Sepals long-attenuate, but with demarcation of the tai

M. cinnamomea

95

95 Spe aniets

* tl cere a marg M. wen”

Flower yellow-green with short, acuminate tails.. M

sernae

Oa op pa 97

1 ateral caret +5

blade. M. i.

97 Lateral sepals with alsa ong oe on ee 1 "98

ad Pheerpeansan about midway with the apices acute... 99

ullddie with the apices obtuse 100

9 Pre cern 8-9 mm

99° Lateral a ea os

sepals light green, green, 5-6 mm hae meme | vehi

100 Raceme distantly

100° Raceme congested “ec an M. aenigma

S CONE pituebaceise 101

| Peduncle slender, taller than the leaves: syns ip hiiiiy cabended:.

101° Peduncle stout, usually shores aa aye M. concinna

nineteen ac LT than the le leaves; synsepal not widely expanded...

. oa eat acc et

M. bicolor

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA Fa

~~ adrianae Luer, nyse Syst. Bot. 72: 110, 1998.

Named i in honor oft the wife 7 ag (Ton) a of Venhuizen, The Netherlands, who, as

aes as

Plant medium in size, eee's iii caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 1.5-2.5

cm ae enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf ce coriaceous, 8-12 cm long a ag

i cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1s 5-2 cm de, cuneate below into the . In

clean 15- 19 cm long, with a a \ bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating,

ca. 10 mm -~ pedicel 12-13 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals fleshy, glabrous, —

sed with purple beyond the orifice of the — the dorsal sepal elliptical, 18 mm long excluding th

tail, 9 mm wide, ¢ fe 1a —, —— e tube font

d lar tail with mm long, 3 mm wide

not expanded, the lat ek connate 19 mm into an an elliptical, cal, bifid lamina, se mm long aug joe the

subacute apices 5 mm long, 15 mm wide; petals pale yellow, cartilaginous, oblong, 8 mm long, 31

wide, the apex obtuse with an ovoid callus, labellar half

the middle, submarginal below the middle; lip orange, marked with purple, oblong-subpandurate, 6mm

long, 2 mm wide, he hypochile

flat, subcordate at the base, , hinged below to a short, incurved extension; column pectin slender, 6

mm long, the foot 4 mm long.

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from

te _ Baste, collector, cultivated i in Hasselt, Ail

er

‘thoetr, 18795; obtained from sam e source, = tain

in Venhuizen, The Netherlands, by Ton Sijm s.n.

(paratype: MO).

This species is similar in habit to the

majority of species contained in the sub-

section. The flowers are produced succes-

sively in a congested raceme borne by a

slender, triquetroue peduncle that exceeds

the leaf in length. The sepals are deeply

connate into an orange tube that is obtuse-

ly swollen on the bottom side. With

recurving margins, the dorsal sepal forms

a tube-like tail beyond the sepaline tube.

The lateral sepals are suffused with red-

purple and are connate to within five

millimeters of subacute, tailless apices.

The petals are oblong and longer than the

lip that is divided above the middle by

marginal folds.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 25

Masdevallia aenigma Luer & oe Selbyana * Tr 69, 1982.

Ety.: From the Latin aenigra, “‘an ing the identity of

this species.

, epiphyti it rse Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-5 cm

eo enclosed i 2-3 loose, a ee ' Leaf erect, , 12-18 cm long including

the petiole 3-6 cm long, the blade narrowly pera subacute to. ieucinen 2-3 cm wide, gradually nar-

a tiole. Inflorescence a lax, 2- to 4-fl

eously, the flowers ae ie ee long peduncl

teeta ae, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 11- = Pesan pedicels 12-28 mm

long; ovary subcostate, 4-8 mm long; dorsal sepal yellow, subcarinate, lightly verrucose within, —_

the blade 8-10 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, connate t to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a short cup wi

purple spot on either side, the fi cute apex

wr suberect, slender, yellow, coongs tal, 5 SE em — | cooamepaaaner? whitish | toward the base,

cose within, connate mentum, 20

mm long, 14-18 mm wi mins ith th lute, th ces obtuse, contracted into

slender, yellow tails 19-20 mm “co petals white, cuigmoi 6-6. 5 mm mm lone, 2.25 mm wide, with

longitudinally sulcate, the

ae (a +, pe +h, i} * ssl,

3

apex acute,

ete, et the foot stout, sie i per ey a pee

COLOMBIA: igo ie Fa in wet forest be-

tween 2500 m, 26 Apr.

1982,C. Sons iP, pos rR. Escobar & D. Portillo

near Arcabuco

7571 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: C

Feb. 1961, H. Schmidt-Mumm 31 (COL). Norte de

pasica :

ore oh west of Velez toward Landazuni, alt.

2500 y 19 (©. Laer, J. Laer, a

E. alee 2 es? (MO). Cundinam

dercito, — alt. 2450 m, 1971, "P. > Ortiz 579

(Herb, P. Ortiz, Bogota

This species, —" endemic in the

Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, was first

collected in the mid-nineteenth century by

Louis Schlim as well as other contempo-

rary collectors. Their collections were

usually identified as M. auropurpurea or

M. bicolor. These related species are

patric in the Eastern Cordillera, but the

concept treated as variable M. bicolor is

widely

distributed throughout the Andes.

Massed aenigma is most similar to M.

excelsior of southeastern Ecuador.

asdevallia aenigma is distinguished

by the lax, two- to four-flowered raceme,

usually with two flowers open simultane-

ously, borne one to three centimeters

apart. The peduncles are about as long as

the leaves; the sepaline tube is short; the

lateral sepals are expanded into a broad,

concave synsepal with slender tails about

as long as the blade; and the apex of the

lip is acute and not verrucose.

hat,

wv f Plate 2. Masdevallia aenigma

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 3, Masdevallia ‘

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 27

Masdevallia aguirrei | Luer & Escobar, Harvard Papers i in Botany 9: 1, 1996.

r, who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2.5-3 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 11-14 cm long including the 2-3 cm long pe-

2.5 cm

tiole, the blade narrowly obovate obtuse, 2- wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence

y ested, few w-flow wered raceme, peduncle erect, slender, trique-

trous, , 24- 28 cm long, from low tubular, imbricating, 9-10 mm long; pedicel

5 mm long; ovary green, 4mm he srg dark cla dull orange-brown at the base, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, the blade 12 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 8 mm to

form a subcylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex acute, contracted into an erect, slender, olive green tail 2

cm long, the lateral sepals connate 14 mm into an ovate, bifid synsepal, 22 mm long, 15 mm wide, shal-

lowly channeled centrally, the apices acute, approximate, not thickened, 4 mm long; petals yellow-green

with purple dots on the e labellar half, » 6mm long, 2 mm wide, with a lo = ending

in a low, bilobed; lip gage , oblong -pandurate

with acute, marginal folds above the middle, 6.3 5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the epichile ovate with the

apex obtuse, recurved, longitudinally culate, the hypochile oblong, aalkenie channeled, the

g th; column wae. semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, with an

incurved extension.

MBIA: Valle del Cauca: Bota Caucana, with-

_ specific locality, peg by J. Aguirre, culti-

vated by Francisco Villegas at Orquifollajes near

Guarne, Colombia, 9 Tuly 1996, C. Luer 17988

(Holotype: MO).

Masdevallia aguirrei is apparently

endemic in southern Colombia where it is

known so far only from the original collec-

tion. It is allied to M. cuprea and rela-

tives, but it is distinguished from all of

them by the long, slender peduncle that far

exceeds the long leaves. The peduncle

bears a congested, successively few-flow-

ered raceme. The flower is relatively

small with the deep purple, tailless synse-

pal expanded beyond the tube. The apices

are acute, approximate, not thickened, and

free for about four millimeters. The pe’

are similar to those of the relatives. The

lip is also similar, but differs with acute

marginal folds between the epichile and

the hypochile.

28 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 29

Masdevallia et Luer, Monogr. ae Bot. 64: 125, 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin apmlexus, ‘“‘clasping,”’ referring to the petals.

Plant medium in size, — a ee — slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2¢ cm ae

— by 2-3 tubular

vane u as cute to obtu 15 cm wide, oe

te 7 base. Infl ely fl fl d ig me by an erect, slender,

triquetrous peduncle to 17 cm bove the base, from th

imbricating, 15-17 mm long; ied oakee ovary 6 mm lon g; ee y, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal yellow, suffused with rose, — . mm long, 7 mm wide, 3-veined, jib to the lateral

sepals for 5 mm to form a short, sepaline tube, the apex acute, contracted into an erect, slender, orange

= se 4 cm long, ae Lp deep | red-purple, connate 15 mm m into a concave lamina 20 mm long, 20

, 6-veined with the veins thick-

expanded, w

pei ne apices cm ea contracted ini to yellow tails 13 mm mm long; petals white with purple

dots at the apex, oblong, 51 mm long, . mm wide, the ; apex | broad, irregularly truncate with the upper

callus at the base; lip rose, dotted diffusely with purple, cblong-subpandurate | arcuate, 5 mm long, 2mm

wide, thinly win winged near te mide, the apex conver, mintly verucose, with the acute tip decurved,

n-fan'

a white, eee mete rose, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, spotted, with an incurved

ext

PERU: Hudnuco: near Tingo Maria, obtained from

M. Arias, cultivated by J & L Orchids, 1297-548, C.

Luer 18670 (Holotype: MO).

This uncommon species is apparently

endemic in northcentral Peru. The only

collection known was imported by J & L

Orchids from Manuel Arias. Vegetatively

indistinguishable from most other medi-

um-sized species of the section, M. am-

plexa is distinguished by the long pedun-

cle far exceeding the leaves. The flowers

are produced successively in a congested

raceme. The reddish purple synsepal is

proportionately large and concave with

thickened veins within and a distinct,

secondary mentum. The dorsal sepal is

yellow with an erect, slender tail; the tails

of the synsepal are short and recurve from

approximate apices. Most distinguishing

are the petals that clasp the column with

dilated upper margins above the middle.

The lip differs with the usual marginal

folds becoming wing-like extensions of

the margin above the middle.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 31

Masdevallia anfracta K6niger, —* rhe

_Ety.: From wis iiocai “bendin 8, to the distal portion of the synsepal,

é is

VICE Sp

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1- 1. 5 om long,

cisco hy 2- 3 tubular sheaths. Laat cxott, copecernas, @

long, the t Hipti ong, , 1.2-2 om wide, narrowly cun cuneate below

into the ‘base. Inflorescence a a successiv y fl by an erect, slender,

triquetrous peduncle 6-8 cm long, with a bract at the base, f the b f a ramicaul,; — bracts

imbricating, 7-8 mm long; pedicel 12-13 mm lon: ovary 6 mm long; sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal

yellow-green, oblong, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals c. 9 mm to

form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the _ bach, contracted into a more or less reflexed, yellow tail

12mm ong the lateral sepals purple-brown, connate 14 mm into a concave e lamina 17 mm long, 10 mm

de expanded, with a shallow mentum, i inal, the apices obtuse, nearly approximate, — into

aie tails 4-6 mm long; petals white, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex irregularly trun

dentate, the labellar half with | the base; lip “ae

dotted diffusely with purple, oblong, 5: 51 mm long, 1. Be mm 1 wide, with obtuse wing-like folds near the

middle, the di Pp verrucose, aon, with the acute tip decurved

and apiculate. tl i th J to the col ‘oot; column white, semiterete, 5

Ls

mm long, the foot 2 mm ae ok a short extension.

— ADOR: Without collection data, collected by J.

ortilla, fl n cultivati Munich, Ge: —

om unknown, W. Kéniger WK-51 (Holotype: M

clonotypes: K, QCA, Herb. H. KGniger), cultiv: ated in

Venhuizen, The Netherlands, 3 Aug. 1998, A-P. Sijm

15830 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18910. Zamora-Chin-

chipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2200 m, 1994,

cultivated in Hasselt, Belgium, 9 Aug. 1999, P. Cloes

Sit.

This species is one of those closely

related species that had been considered to

be a successively single-flowering varia-

tion within the M. bicolor-complex of

usually two, simultaneous flowers. The

only significant difference is the pair of

shorter, approximate, nearly contiguous,

sepaline tails.

Pp: ’

Masdevallia anfracta is characterized

by a peduncle about as long as an elliptical

leaf with an obscure petiole. The basic

morphology of the successive flower diff-

ers very little from that of the M. bicolor-

complex. The combination of a yellow

dorsal sepal and a purplish synsepal is

commonly seen in many species. The sepals are connate into a cylindrical tube

with the tail of the dorsal sepal more or less recurved. The apices of the synsepal

are obtuse, nearly contiguous, and contracted into short tails. The petals and lip do

not differ significantly from those of the complex.

32 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SS ee ne ee ae ee ee

Ce ee OE Sg ee ree ee Pe ee Ot ee

pe ila a et a Oa i at

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 33

Masdevallia bennettii Luer, Lindleyana 6: 84, 1991.

Ety.: Named in honor of David Bennett of Lima, Peru, who with his wife Aurora discovered this

species

Plant small for the section, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm

— eh by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, , thinly « coriaceous, petiolate, 7-10 cm long

including a petiole 3-3.5 cm long, the blade elliptical 1.5-1.8 cm wide, cuneate

taal to the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively flowered raceme, bome by a slender,

triquetrous peduncle 7-10 cm long, subtended by of a ramicaul; floral bracts

bular, imbricating, 6 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; dorsal sepal golden yellow,

1 1 1. £ 3 fare evlindncal

tu

ovate, the blade 11- Spiraea en gabon mm wide, co f y

tube, t cute, into a slender, erect tail 3-4 cm long; lateral sepals rose

with dark purple dvs conspicuously villous, connate 18-25 mm into an ¢ expanded, ovate lamina 16 mm

wide, the apex into a pair of ximate, slender, yellow tails ca. 2 cm long, the entire

i = sn ater sepals 45 cm; petals creamy ¥ white, oblong, 651 ly. 175-2. ih seal the

e

the base dilated and suberose; lip pale rose, oblong, 7-8 mm long, ai Seu

d outer third

ai ith obli inal folds t the middl , the epichile ovate,

verrucose, with erose, ‘revolute margins, the hypochile oblong, the sut te base concave, , hinged

ben column white, semiterete, 5 mm ‘long lender with i

PERU: Pasco: Oxapamba, along Rio Palcazu, al

780 m, 20 Aug. 1988, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 4370

(MO), C. Luer illustr. 14930.

This species was discovered in 1988

by David and Aurora Bennett in low alti-

tude, Amazonian Peru, and to date it has

not been found again. It is distinguished

by the small habit, thinly coriaceous,

petiolate leaves, and a slender, triquetrous

peduncle. The strange flower is large for

the plant. The dorsal sepal, described as

golden yellow, forms a short, sepaline tube

with the lateral sepals. Beyond the tube

the sepals are connate into a broadly

expanded, ovate, purple-dotted aa

that is covered with long, weak hairs

give the lamina a shaggy ate

unique in the genus. The acuminate apex

ends in slender tails held together as one.

The callus of the petals produces an

erect, acute process above the margin near

the base. The apex of the epichile is

obtuse and verrucose.

4 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SE Sa ee MRT EV EE © SL eR pt ae ne BY

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 35

Masdevallia bicolor Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. et Spec. 2: 6, t. 108, 1838.

Ety.: From the Latin bicolor, “of two colors,” referring to the yellow dorsal sepal and the purple

ry

Syn.: Masdevallia auropurpurea Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 115, 1854.

ap ie the Latin auropurpureus, “‘orange-purple,” referring to the orange dorsal sepal and the

purple synsepal.

Syn.: Masdevallia biflora E. Morren, Belgique Hort. - - 1873, nomen nudum, non Regel.

Ety.: From the Latin biflorus. , “two-flowered,”’ referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Masdevallia peruviana Rolfe, sete Misc. bie 1906.

Ety.: Named ate Peru, the country of o1

Syn.: Masdevallia aureo-rosea Webeibave, Pflanzenwelt Peruv. And. 288, 584, a nomen.

Ety.: From the Latin aureo-roseus, “‘orange-rose,”” referring to the colors of the flow

Syn.: Masdevallia herzogii Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 42, m7

Ety.: Named in honor of Theodor Herzog who a tab this species

Syn.: Masdevallia subumbellata Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 107, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin subumbellatus _“subumbellate,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Masdevallia xanthura Schltr., ‘ue Spec. Nov. —— Veg. 27: 39,-1929.

si From the Greek xanthura, en ” referring to the sepaline tails

icauls stout, erect, 1-3

cm a enclosed an 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, tie coriaceous, 6-13 cm long including

an indistin ct petiole 1-2.5 cm long th p 1.3-2.8

cm wide, to the ch led b eTocs congetl ac of 2, or

occasionally 3, simultaneous, or Saad simultaneous flowers, uncommonly successively flowered, bome

by a stout, taco peduncle 6-13 cm long, subtended i a bract, from the base of a ramicaul; floral

bracts tubular, imbricating, 9-18 mm long; pedicel 5-15 mm long; ovary 3-6 mm long, with prominent

Tibs; laren sepal green, yellow, or orange, obovate, e, 8-13 mmm long, eevee _— connate to ‘o the lateral

pals f der

fora tal 8-37 mm long, the lateral hanger nae purple, with the wnidvein prominent extemally,

verrucose oblique, connate 9-15 mm, 11-20 mm long, 12-16

mm wide together forming a shallow, pa a bien, the free portions obtuse, contracted into

slender green or yellow tails 7-30 mm long; petals white to light yellow, oblong, 5-6 mm long, 1.25-2

ide, the apex rounded or or obtuse, obscurely bi- or trilobed, the labe llar margin with a low, longitu-

dinal carina ending in a low, rounded callus at the base; lip white to cream, diffusely dotted , spotted, or

suffused with red-purple or red-brown, oblong, 5-7 mm long, 2 22. 5 mm wide, with oblique marginal

folds near the middle, the epichile ovate, obtuse

verrucose, with , erose, revolute margins, ¢

hypochile oblong, the truncate base — on the

end; column green to yellow, suffused with purple,

semiterete, 5-6 mm long, the stout foot with a short,

incurved extension.

PERU: Huanuco: near pene on old trees in

mountain woods, Poeppig I

out collection data, cultivated at Glacaevin, July

1898, June 1901, Rolfe s.n. (holotype of M. peruvia-

na: K); between Tingo Maria and Pucallpa, 1700

m, cultivated in Munich, Germany, 8 Sept. 1981, W.

Kéniger 31 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 6473; Divisoria,

cultivated in Munich, Germany, 9 ~ 1981, =

— n.(S _ C. Luer illustr. . Amaz

as: Serrania de Bagua, alt. eee m, 14 im

1978, A. Gentry et al. 22925 (MO). Cajamarca:

Cerro Campana near San Ignacio, alt. 1450 m, 23

Aug. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Kéniger & H.

— o SEL). Pasco: below Paucartambo, alt.

2400 m,

Dec. 1987, D. Bennett & A. Bennett 3830

(MO). Seine between Tarma and San Ramon, alt.

2200 m, 29 Jan. 1979, C. Luer & J. Luer 3792 (SEL,

Vi Gabon, alt. 1100

m, 7 Feb. 1967, C. Vargas — (AMES); Pam-

payacu, 31 Jan. 1927, R. Kane. AMES).

ECUADOR: Loja: “Loja,” 6. Hiibsch s.n. (W).

Napo: in forest north of Baeza, alt. 1500 m,

% ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 37

10 May 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta & A. Hirtz 3213 (SEL), cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988,

C. Luer 13390 (MO). Morona-Santiago: Rio Calagras, alt. 1500 m, collected by A. Andreetta & M.

Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13391 (MO). Pastaza: Rio Pastaza, alt. 6,000 ft.,

1877, F.C. Lehmann 74 (W); seen — 1968, H. Lugo S. 9a (S); Tumbes, alt. 1800-1900 m,

. D’ Ale:

Mar. "1992, S. Dalstrém 1943 (MO). Pi above Chiriboga, collected by D. D’ Alessandro, culti-

vated at the Predesur a at Wis acai 12 May 1981, C. Luer 6217 (SEL). Zamora-

Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 6201 (MO); Quebrada Honda north of id,

alt. 1800 m, collected by D. = a cultivated at Predesur at Vilcabamba, 2 Nov. 1982, C. Luer

8265 (SEL); south of the pass south of Yangana, alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T.

Haijer, = Paci ic & J. _ 9615 (MO); Rio Zamora, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected by D. D’ Alessan-

A at Predesur, at Vilcabamba, 4 May 1981, C. Luer 6090 (SEL); “*Loja:” without locality,

G. HMiibsch in. (W).

COLOMBIA: Without locality, J. von Warszewicz s.n. (Lectotype of M. auropurpurea: W). ee

Aspasica, H. Wagener s.n. (W). Antioquia: Antioquia, Patin s.n.(W). Norte de Santander

Chin and Toledo, Péramo de Mele: alt. 2500 m, 12 May 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 7802 aaa

SEL). Caldas: Anserma Vieja, alt. 1800 m, 27 Oct. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 3280 (G); same area, alt. 1600-

2000 m, 29 Aug. 1884, F.C. liven 4303 (G). Valle del Cauca: Rio Buga, alt. 1500 m, 28 Dec. 1881,

F.C. Lehmann 814 (G): Sh road to ane yr alt. 1400 m, 25 July 1967, H. Garcia-Barriga

18821 (AMES, COL). Cauca: El Almorzadero, 14 Apr. 1876, E. André 2712, 2713 (K); ans of

Popayan, alt. 1400-1800 m, m, 22 Jan. 1884, F.C. ake 4129 (holotype of M. subumbellata: AMES;

isotypes: G, W); same locality and date, F.C. Lehmann 6742 (AMES, G, K, LE, W); maak locality,

cultivated by Amalia Lehmann de Sarria, cultivated 30 Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2355 (SEL).

VENEZUELA: Lara: Jiménez, between Sanare and El Volcan, alt. 1700 m, 13 June 1 1959, J. Renz 9513

pera Jiménez, Parqué Nacional Yacambu, alt. ie 1‘ . Aug. ey J.A. Steyermark et al. 103506

(AMES, VEN). T: vancha, alt. 1600 m, 11 May 1951, J. Renz

6927 (BAS); San José de Bolivar, G.C.K. aaa 1146 ee at El Hatillo, 24 July 1982, C.

Luer 8086 (SEL).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: ; Larecaja, Hacienda Simaco, above Tipuani, alt. 1400 m, I Mar. 1920, 0. Buchtien

5022 (holotyp HBG),

Nor Yungas, west of Coroico, alt. 1820 m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vdsquez — (SEL)

northeast of Chuspipata, above Yolosa, alt. 2100 m, 3 Apr. 1984, J.C. a & M. Uehli

12174 (MO); same area, alt. 1850 m, 21 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & J. aii a

(neotype for M. herzogii here designated: MO); north of Caranavi eed Wis ed, a 1550 m, 26 Jan.

1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & J. Solomon 12953 (MO). Santa Cruz: mountain forest near Tres

Cruces, alt. 1500 m, Feb. 1911, T. Herzog 1642 (holotype of M. herzogii destroyed at B; neotype: MO,

C. Luer et al. 12915: MO).

The numerous populations grouped together into this large “‘species-complex”

known as M. bicolor, are variable in size vegetatively and florally. They are widely

distributed and relatively frequent in the Andes from Venezuela to central Bolivia.

The lengths of the tails and details of the lips vary so much that it may be argued

that this species is actually composed of numerous closely allied, “‘look-alike

species too similar to each other and with too many intermediates to make taxono-

mic distinction feasible. Several closely allied species are sufficiently distinct to be

recognized, e.g., the Ecuadorian M. brachyura and the Bolivian M. isos.

Usually two flowers are produced simultaneously, or nearly simultaneously, in

a congested raceme, but three simultaneous flowers are not uncommon (M. subum-

bellata). A yellow-orange dorsal sepal and a dark red-purple synsepal forming a

cylindrical tube seem rather constant features. The dorsal sepal is relatively —

connate to the synsepal, about half the length of the synsepal. The se

usually about the same length as the blades, but tails longer or shorter occur. 7

variation with exceptionally long tails was described as M. xanthura. The apices of

the petals are variable as they are in many species. The callus along the labellar

margin terminates in a rounded swelling at the base, not forming a descending

process. The lips vary slightly in size, but the marginal folds that divide the lip into

an epichile and a hypochile vary in position and en The epichiles vary from

— to coarsely verrucose with entire to coarsely erose margins.

the type-sheet of M. bicolor at W, the envelope Ai alaacd a flower of the

type is atic An adjacent envelope with a single flower is designated the lecto-

type. A single leaf and peduncle are present on the sheet.

38 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

EE

a

al

io)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Plate 10, Masdevallia bicolor

(M. subumbellata)

Plate 11. Masdevallia bicolor

(M. xanthura)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 41

Masdevallia brachyura Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 453, ay

Ety.: From the Greek brachys, “short,” and ura, “tail,” in reference to the sepaline tails

small, rH densely Cacspitose, roots slender. Ramicauls 0.8-1 cm long, enclosed by 2

loose, ater up Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-7 cm long i g the

1-2.5 le, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse, ——e cuneate below in agence

Inflorescence a pe ha few-flowered, congested rac , occasionally bearing 2 flowers simulta-

oe e by a slender, gues pence 3-45 cm long, wih brat fie bso low on me

ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, ca. 1 cm long; pedicel ca. 1 cm long; ovary 2 mm long; dorsal sep:

yellow, sometimes suffused or minutely dotted with ted Hp obovate, 18 mm long, 6 mm we,

connate to the lateral sepals. for7

P triangular,

4: a | 6 Q t let le dart

tail

brown, obovate ate, oblique, connate 10 mn to to form a . broad lansina 10-11 mm “ag 10-12 mm wide ex-

aa jn rounded i b into slender green tails 3-5 mm long; petals white,

oblong, the apex acute or obtuse and apiculate, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, the eae half longitudinally

thickened lip heavily a with red-purple on white, pee 6mm long, 2.5.mm wide, with a pair of

, marginal folds near the | middle, t the ate with a

stevia callus, the hyp g thet t d ; column erecnish white,

iterete, 5 mm long, the foot spotted with le, 2 mm | g with an incurved extensi

& = &

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: wet forest near

Chiguinda, east of Sigsig, alt. 1600-1800 m, April

and May 1887, F.C. Lehmann 6522 (Holotype: K;

sets AMES, NY, US); Cordillera Oriental,

without nig oe a alt. 1700 m, April 1975,

collected by B. cultivated in Tarqui 14 July 1977,C

Luer 1697 one soe forest east of Paute, alt.

1800 m, 10 July 1977, C. Luer, J. sersooanpih A.

peta 2567 (SEL); north of Gualaquiza near Rio

Calagras, alt. 1650 m, 4 Nov. 1982, C FR:

Escobar & D. D’ Alessandro 8287 (SEL); me of

Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los

uentros, alt. 1450 m, 18 May 1988, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta z Ww. Teague 13432

(MO).

A watercolor painting of this species

by F.C. Lehmann, 1/24, labeled M. chryso-

nota, but without a herbarium specimen, is

deposited at Kew. The species is appar-

ently endemic in the humid forests of the

eastern slopes of the Andes of southern

or, an extremely orchid-rich region.

Masdevallia brachyura i is related to the widely distributed M. bicolor, but the

former is distinguished by the smaller habit; the shorter, slender peduncle; ogo

flowers with short sepaline tails; and petals without a round callus at the base.

listed as a synonym of M. bicolor’ in Venezuelan Orchids, Illustrated.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

42

Plate 12. Masdevallia brachyura

Se ee ee ee ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 43

Masdevallia brenneri Luer, Phytologia 39: 190, 1978.

’ Ety.: Named in honor of Joe Brenner, at that time of Puyo, Ecuador, who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

ed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect Tect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate ate, subacute, 7-11

long, 1-1.3 cm wide, grad d to the subpetiolate b Inflorescence a congested,

successively several-flowered raceme to 15 cm long, bome by 2 an erect, stout, a ee peduncle 6-13

cm long, with

oblique, imbricating 8-

10 mm long; anges 10- se mm Jong: ovary 3 mm long; 9 nore. light green, the dorsal sepal

horizontal, ovate wide, connate to the lateral 1 sepals

for 3 mm to form as short, t t 1 p d, sepaline cup, the b pex p

“iar 9 mim ong, A A re 1 eh ; 1 A 4 ee -sl.

ovate, cig, 14. 5 mm cde connate 9 mm into a robgedrat flattened, shallowly ; gibbou, bifid

lamina 11 , dotted and

suffused with ee, oblong ,5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, obscurely bidentate at the truncate apex, the label-

lar margin gitud ; lip white with —

dots, oblong, 4mm long, 1 5 mm wide, with low, 1 fold ddl

column green, suffused P ee . semiterete, 4 mm long, the stout

foot spotted with purple, 1.5 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in cloud forest near

Mera, alt. 1000 m, een L Orchids from J.

Brenner, oma by T. Vigliotti of Miami, FL,

cultivated 18 May 1977, C. Luer 1640 (SEL).

Although Joe Brenner had reported that

this species was not rare near his home in

Puyo, Pastaza, in eastern Ecuador, it has

not been collected again to my knowledge.

At the present time it is not in cultivation.

Masdevallia brenneri is identified by

the greenish, dorsally compressed flowers

borne singly in a congested raceme atop a

triquetrous peduncle. The dorsal sepal is

antrorse with a tail two millimeters thick.

The | are deeply connate into a

‘*tailless’’ synsepal that ends in broad,

triangular apices. It is related to the

common and sympatric M. guttulata, but

more closely related and to the infrequent

M. virens. The latter is distinguished by a

non-compressed flower with longer, nar-

rowly triang portions.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

m

c

4

>

3

pe

Plate 13. Masdevallia brenneri

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 45

Masdevallia oe Luer, Harvard Papers i in a 9: 1, 1996.

Ety.: From the Greek bryophilus, “moss-loving,” indicating

Syn.: Masdevallia trechsliniana —— Arcula t 202, =

Ety.: Named in honor of Frl. Anne Marie Bem, Switzerland, i botanical ill

trator.

Plant medium to large in size, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2.5-4 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriace ous, petiolate, 9- . cm long including the 2-3 cm

long petiole, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm an ‘the base cuneat petiole. Inflorescence

a a flower bore successively in a ‘loose, few-flowered raceme; stand erect, sharply triquetrous,

spotted with purple, 15-25 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 13-16 mm ~~

pedicel 20 mm ro 2 spotted with purple; ovary green, 5 mm long; sepals als dark purple, dull green

base, glabrous, th ee Draabes , 6 mm wide, connate to eae palo

mm to form 3 a subglobose sogetion tube, th 6 apex acute, forwardly di into a slender,

ong, f 30 mm into an oblong-ovate, bifid synsepal,

30-351 mm tong, 18- 19 1 mm wide, ly sulcat lly and laterally xities, the

to slender tails 25-35 tee petals white, ovate, 7 mm long,

Zz. 2.75- 3.5 mm wide, dilated below the middle with thin margins, with 2 a tick carina along labellar half

near the cente r ending in a low, roun callus above the base, th q iy bilobed; lip densely

spotted with purp g-pandur ith marginal folds at the middle, 6 mm long, 2-2.75 mm

wide, the epichile obtuse, recurved, markedly papillose, the hypochile oblong, shallowly channeled, the

base ie cee — ‘beneath; column white, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, with an

ed ext

PERU: Without collection data, cultivated from

plants found in moss ah asa Pa acking m —

by Francis ifollajes

Guarne, Colombia, “9 tig 1996, C. Luer 17989

(Holotype: MO). Amazonas: istr. of Omia, -

seem cultivation by Maduro’s Tropical Flow-

ers in Cerro Punta, Panama, 18 Nov. 1998, C. Luer

18995 (MO).

Among the members of this subsec-

tion, this species is distinguished by the

tall, strict, sharply triquetrous, purple-

spotted peduncle that bears a successively

few-flowered raceme. The peduncle paint-

ed by Frl. eciae shows no spots. The

flower is large with the long, deep-purple

synsepal sulcate centrally as well as lateral

to a longitudinal convexity along the mid-

vein on either side. From the short sepa-

line tube the dorsal sepal points oe

ward with a long, slender tail. The sy

pal is shallowly concave below the ~mnidale, and convex on either side above the

middle forming the narrow, central channel above the fork into acute apices with

slender tails shorter than the lamina. The petals are white and expanded below the

middle. The lip is divided by prominent marginal folds above the middle. The

epichile is markedly papillose and recurved.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

a ~, spe PTE

Waa ange: attests. arene

Plate 14. Masdevallia bryophila

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 47

Masdevallia buccinator Rchb.f. & bine at y 115, 1854.

~ From the Latin buccinator, “a hom blowe Slated lateral

VUl LiICCAS

ech caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 see mm eaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 10-15 cm ~~ including the indistinct petiole

1.5-2 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2.3 3-3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below

ie pane olate base. In ively up to 5 cm long, often

with 2 simultaneous flowers, bome by a stout, erect, triquetrous sen 12-18 cm long, with a bract at

the imbricating, 1.5-2 cm long; pedicel 2.5 cm

long; ovary 5-6 mm long, triquetrous; sepals dull yellow-green, more or less suffused with brown,

minutely pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, 14 mm long, 7 moma Wi wide, connate to the lateral

— 12 mm to a a broad, wiry ep ed into a slender,

Is subobovate oblique, inflated above the middle, 20 mm

oes, 18 mm wide, connate 1 f lumn-foot and a conspicuous.

obtuse, | saan into Roars foo petals yellow

white, oblong, 7. 5mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, tridenticulate, with alow, longitudinal

callus above the labellar margin; lip cream-colored, diffusely dotted with ly pubes-

cent, oblong-su durate, 7 mm long, 2. 75 mm wide, with erect, marginal folds near the middle, the

epichile ovate, obtuse, abruptly hile oblong with the base

ee g ish white, semaiterete, 6 min long he foot 2.5 mm long with a

short _incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Santander, Old province of Ocafia:

near Pamplona, La Baja, alt. 2600 m, 1849, L. Schlim

81

a ft., 1848, yee 1703 (K, LE); I

ear the La Baja gold mines, alt. 2500 m, 20 M

1982, C. Luer, R Escobar & D. Portillo 7901 (SEL):

epiphytic in oak forest near Cachiri, alt. 2500 m

collected by E. Valencia, Dec. 1987, cultivated at Colom-

borquideas, 6 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 1301 6 (MO).

This rare species was collected inde-

pendently by both Schlim and Warszewicz

near the middle of the nineteenth century

near the old gold mines at La Baja near

Pamplona in the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia. Masdevallia buccinator re-

mained known only by the original collec-

tions. It had never been in cultivation. In

1982, a successful search was made in the

narrow valley at La Baja where gold mines

are still present. For an account of its

rediscovery as well as that of others, inter-

ested readers will find the details in

Orquideologta, volume 16, 1985, pages 63

to 125, by Rodrigo , ;

The unique flowers of this species are usually borne two at a time in a congested

raceme atop a peduncle that surpasses the leaf. The sepals are deeply connate into

an oddly shaped sepaline tube. The lateral sepals are are inflated above the middle with

their anterior margins held closely together and forming a deep, obtusely angled

mentum.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

|

|

|

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 49

Masdevallia calagrasalis Luer, Phytologia 57: 61, 1985.

Ety.: 2 chante Se plus the Latin -alis, “pertaining to,” in the vicinity of which this

species was discovered.

Pi dium in size, epiphytic, t Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-3 cm long,

i oe 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect , coriaceous, 8-12 cm long including a petiole 1.5-2.5

g, the

blade narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, | 1.5-2 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into

iis aoe: Inflorescence a congest b b

—_— 9-12.5 cm ey subtended by a short bract, ‘from near the base of a a floral bracts

imbricating, 10-13 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm |

rigid, ade, ~ the dorsal sepel para eee a * ake mm Tong, 5. 5-6 mm \ hii ines to the

lateral sepals 15

forwardly direct ed, thick, ye llow-green tail 15- 1mm lon, “i rene earn oblique, connate

12- 13 mm, 15- 18 mm long, 15- 19 mum wide together, forming a a broad, secondary wonenrreed

contracted in’

thick, ick, yellow-green tails 10-12 mm long; ; petals dark purple, oblong, 6.5 mm eae i mm wide, te

apex obtuse or rounded with a notch, the labellar half with a marginal carina curving away from

margin below the middle, then curving into an obtuse appendage 1 mm long at the base; lip yellowish,

diffusely spotted with h purple-brown, <a . ss mm long, 2.25 mm wide, with obtuse

marginal folds just ab epichile ovate, obtuse, minutely

verrucose and denticulate, th th ibcordate hinged 7, column suf-

fused with purple, semiterete, 6 mm the foot stout with a short, incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest

near Rio Calagras north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1500 m,

collected Jan. 1980 by M. Schrédl et al., cultivated in

Stockholm, : eae 15 Aug. 1984, C. Luer 10407

(Holotype: MO); same area, alt. 1500 m, 1

Sept. 1380, by C. Luer et al., cultivated at Spielberg,

West Germany, by B. Wiirstle s.n. (SEL; Herb. H.

K6niger); without locality or collector, cultivated by

Herr tau in West Germany, 7 Sept. 1981, C. Luer

6462 (SEL; Herb. H. K6niger).

This species occurs locally in the tall,

wet forests of southeastern Ecuador. It is

closely allied to M. guerrieroi, which is

known to occur in the forests farther south

in the same province. Both species are

characterized by close, short, thick sepa-

line tails, and petals with a descending,

conical tooth at a base which are un

in the subsectio

Musdevalite calagrasalis is wenn

guished by the narrower dorsal sepal tha’

is deeply connate to the synsepal. st

apices are near and acuminate into the

tails. The broader dorsal sepal of M. ;

guerrieroi is connate only to the middle into a rigid, box-like synsepal with approx-

imate apices with diverging tails.

50 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 51

Masdevallia cardiantha K6niger, Die Orchidee 31: 113, 1980; emend. 36: 87, 1985.

Ety.: From the Greek cardianthos, “heart-shaped flower,” referring to the synsepal.

Plant medium in size, sigue caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed = 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, —— 8-14 cm long bape the 1 ip 5-3 cm long pe-

tiole, 1 1.2-2 cm wide, the blad ly el cuneate b

fl d, f ered , borne

by a slender, erect, triquetrous aaa 15-21 cm ty ‘with a bract at the base, from ae base of a

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 10-15 mm long; pedicel 8- 15 mm long; ovary 4 4 mm long;

dorsal sepal yellow-green, obovate, 10 mm long, 6mm wide,

form a short, acute, to an erect, slender tail 3-3.5

cm long; lateral sepals purple, finely spotted with ‘air pe smooth, connate 151 mm into an ovate

cordate lamina « 20 mm 1 long, | 14 mm wide, feesiaing

pressed, bifid ape

yellow-green tails a oie cm long; petals white, chong av ‘acute, Sm kong, 2.5 mm wide, the label-

argin with a prominent ccupying the

basal third of the er lip red, intensely spotted wi Je, oblong-obovate , 6.25 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, with oblique, ¢ obtuse, marginal folds near the middle, sulcate between, the epichile ovate, acute,

— verrucose, oblong, truncate n white, with purple margins,

terete, 4.5 mm long, ae ee ee

at, 1 A

: Amazonas: Bongara, epiphyti

chapoyas and pow ae alt. #100 m, yo 1g. 1979,

W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger, J. Mesa et al. K-21c (Holo-

ae SEL; clonotypes K , M, USM, W, Herb. H.

éniger); same collecti cultivated by W. Koniger,

= 1979, C. Luer 4855 (SEL); same collection,

cultivated by W. Kéniger, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer

This species is apparently endemic in

northern Peru. It is most similar to M.

carruthersiana from neighboring, southern

Ecuador

Masdevallia cardiantha is character-

ized by the slender, triquetrous peduncle

longer than the leaves that bears a succes-

sion of single flowers. With the lateral

sepals the dorsal sepal is connate into a

short, cylindrical tube. The dorsal sepal is

yellow with a slender tail _— than the

f the synsepal. The lateral sepals are

dark purple, and eins connate into a

cordate synsepal that is shallowly sulcate

along the longitudinal veins. The apices

of the bifid lamina are approximate. The

callus of the petals forms a large, rounded

swelling on the basal third.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 17. Masdevallia cardiantha

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 53

Masdevallia foee iene caas Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 99, 1925.

Sy. Masdevallia margareiae Luer, ae. 54: 381, 1983.

WA, who submitted the species to the O.1.C.

Sons Masdevallia hats K6niger & &IP 995.

Ety.: From the Latin torulosus, “having | a series of nang and constrictions, like beads,”’

Lilisit'

La

to large, sitiadie pi rt Ramicauls slender, erect, 23 cm

long, enclosed ie 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 7-15 cm long including an indistinct pe-

tiole 2-4 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, — to obtuse, 2-3. 3m wide, narrowly cuneate

below into the subpetiolat late base. a uccessively flowered, congested raceme up to 4. cm

score e by an erect, triangular pedun 2 18-30 cm long, with a bract at the base, =

; floral bracts imbricating, [0-15 mm long; pedicel S 16 mm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; sepals

eclimnanat , suffused ovate, 10-12 mm long, a mm wide,

connate Ne ee ices gals ox 7-2-au es oman eel, gaping, sepaline cup, the acute apex

contracted into an erect, slender, yellow or orange tail 2.5-4 cm ‘long, the lateral sepals = Ls

shortly to spiculate-pubescent, connate 12-16 mm into an oblong lamina, suborbicular ded,

with revolute sides, 19-23 mm long, 12 mm t trally, sulcate al ae veins

and longitudinally convex between, the apices bse, wie ter into slender tails 13- 251 mm long;

petals white, oblong, 6.5-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wid apex acute, obscurely 2- to 3-dentate ate,

the labellar half with a longitudinal lamella atin ina aa rounded callus above the base; lip white,

dotted diffusely with purple, elliptical-pandurate, arcuate, with obtuse, wing-like, marginal folds near the

middle, i mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-4 mm wide across the mony | flds, - epichile ovate, erose,

erruco th the long-apiculate, tt

the clan foo column light yellow, semiterete, 5. 5-6.5 mm long, the aoe ) mm long, with an in-

curved ext:

ECUADOR: Mi

of Sigsig, alt. 1600-1900 m, aimee 1887, m3 sees

mann 6530 mea i K, Isotypes: AMES, NY);

Oriente of Cuenca, alt. 000 m, culti 5

1980, A. Andreetta fe (SEL); cloud forest near

arroquia Amaluza, east of Paute, alt. 1800 m, May

1973, collected by B. Malo, cultivated 11 July 1977,

C. Luer 1684 (SEL); Plan del Milagro between

— and Indanza, alt. 1600-1700 m, 24 Apr. 1985,

G. ling & L. Andersson 24532 (GB); ; epiphytic in

focesh north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1700 m, 17 Feb. 1986,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. poor & A. Embree

11884 (MO); same area, 17 Jan. 1986, alt. 1800 m, S.

_Dalstrém & T. Héijer 1055 (MO); same itl 0

May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz sien -

& W. Teague 13417 (MO); s Tatlin. m,

31 Jan. 1989, S. Dalstrdm & T. ‘Hoijer 24 (MO);

collected by J.

flow-

in

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del

ae = tage oe > sal cow ‘Hin ree On (MO); Cordillera bel Condor, Feb.

1995, A. Hirtz 6202 (MO). Without locality, erroneou ously reported from Colombia, cultivated by M.

Herring, 8 July 1982, C. Luer 8075 (holotype of M. margaretae: SEL).

The watercolor painting of this species by F.C. Lehmann (t. 442), made in 1887,

and his herbarium specimens lay unpublished for nearly half a century. It is locally

common but restricted to the mountainous forests of southeastern Ecuador.

Masdevallia carruthersiana is characterized by the long, triquetrous peduncle: a

congested raceme of successive flowers with a shallow cup and a broad, verrucose to

spiculate synsepal that is longitudinally sulcate along the veins, and with the mar-

gins of the sides recurved. The lip is distinguished by pr rominent, wing-like mar-

ginal folds, and the epichile is convex, markedly verrucose, and apiculate. Minor

variations of the lip occur.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

= ae aay

7 Ss ¥,

c—> j

VW,

—2

(ae?

Plate 18, Masdevallia carruthersiana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

55

Plate 19. Masdevallia carruthersiana

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 20, Masdevallia carruthersiana

(M. torulosa)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 57

Masdevallia cinnamomea na f., ss 3: 225, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin cinnamomeus. ee ling arateret Re ase

Wi + =

to large, epiph i Ramicauls erect, stout, 2.5-5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 rungs ah es-tg Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-20 cm long including the petiole

ene the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 1.5-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed narrowed below into the indis-

7, Pe 3-flo wered, Som

7 A sete bya senile, exec, triquetrous peduncle, abe cm long, with a bract at the base, mg aes

on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 15-20 mm long; pedicel 15-27 mm long; ovary 5

long; sepals yellow, glabrous and suffused with brown externally, minutely verrucose and diffusely

dotted wi wn within, the dorsal sepal obovate, ca. 15 mm long, 6 mm wide, connate to the late lateral

sepals for 6-7 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex triangular, acute, attenuated into a

slender, erect, yellow-green tail 4-6 cm long, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, attenuate, con-

7 (eg 7 mm wide; petals white, oblong-ovate,

acute, 5.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the | ding in angle

above the base; ‘ip white, doted wit purple, ob ong-subpanduriform , 6mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with

acute, ddle, shallowly y saat between, t the i ovate, —_ apiculate,

minutely verrucose, hil blong, trun n greenish white, suffused

with rose, semiterete, rsfecd m Se eee ee

PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Dec. 1846, A.

Matthews s.n. (Holotype: G: Isopypes; BM, G, K,

, W); ebamba, alt. 2400 m, 21 Dec. 1962, F.

Woytkowski 7785 (MO); Chachapoyas, above

ebamba on road to Balsas, Cerro Cala Cala, alt.

2400 m, 13 Oct. 1964, P.C. Hutchinson & J.K.

Wright 6907 (AMES, MO, NY, USC, USM), bet-

ween Chachapoyas and Leimebamba alt. 2500 m,

Aug. 1978, W. — H. Kéniger, B. Wiirstle et al.

~— — M, SEL, U M, W, Herb. H. —— same

K6niger in Munich, Germa-

ny, iy May 1980, C. Luer 4074 (SEL).

One of the early collector Matthews’

discoveries, this species is apparently

endemic in one forested valley in northern

Peru where it is not uncommon. It is

characterized by the relatively large habit

with slender leaves about as long as or

slightly surpassed by the slender, trique-

peduncles that bear a few, cinnamon-

colored deli simultaneously in a

congested raceme. From a short sepaline

tube the apices of the sepals are attenuated

into slender tails. The petals are acute,

and the minutely verrucose apex of the lip is also acute.

LIDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHA

2 Pests eet.

. fey

o*e*%.**

“shee ees sy

Ma tet 305 ore = oe

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 59

Masdevallia cocapatae Luer, Teague & V4squez, Harvard Papers in Botany 2: 55,

997

Cc. hI. If _ eo Po et, | oe ae . Bt =

ity village of u ,

Cae 4: cs ville +0 FI Rami tout, erect, 7-3 cm long, enclosed by 23

thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, peer 5-10 cm long including 5 the petiole 0.5-1.5

cm long, the blade obovate, subacute to obtuse, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, the base gradually narrow narrowed below into

the petio ole. Infl second in a successive

peduncle erect, stout, sharply triquetrous, 6-7.5 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts

with purple, tubular, imbricating, inflated, 11- 12 mm long, 6 mm wide; Laon 12-15 mm long; ovary 4

mm long; sepals fleshy, romps ts glabrous g

6mm wide, eee to the lateral sepals fo or 7 mm to form a broad sepaline tube, th subacute,

contracted into a thick, yellow-oran; ge tail ca 8 mm Jong, | mm thick, the lateral sepals ovate,

ate, subacute,

19 mm long ‘eating the tail, 6 mm wide, connate 8 mm, the apice subacute, contracted into thick,

yellow-orange | tails 5 mm long; petals white, , oblong, | 6 mm long, 1. 81 mm wide, a the apex obtuse,

obscurely lf he base; lip oblong-pandurate,

with acute, marginal folds above the middle, 6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, the cick ovate, subacute,

with three linear calli, the hypochile oblong, shallowly channeled, the base truncate, hinged on the end;

column greenish white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: seasonally dry remnant of ;

forest below Cocapata, lemma Inquisivi and Sam, |

m, 5 Feb. 1997, anere by g

W. Te. in San Senco May 19 r, J. eo

Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague I 8389 Clalo. jf

type: MO). }

A a

Among the members of this subsec- oer

tion, M. cocapatae is most closely related \

to the numerous taxa presently grouped

together into the complex treated as M.

bicolor. Although similar in habit, it is

distinguished from the latter by the dark

red-brown flowers with yellow-orange

tails, a longer sepaline tube with the lateral

sepals subacute and free beyond the tube.

They are not connate into a broad synsepal

beyond the tube as in the M. bicolor rela-

tives. The petals are narrowly oblong.

The lateral folds of the lip are acute, and

the epichile is ovate and acute with three

parallel calli.

“ee

{ 5

\

S bas

4 e

ny

~

H

ees

‘ ‘ad a

hind

\ ,

oo

a Noy,

P

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 61

—— concinna K6niger, Die es 33: 101, 1982; arama = or 1985.

Ety.: From the Latin concinnus, “pretty, el ” referring to the beauty of

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-10.5 cm long including the petiole 1-2

cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.2- 1.8 cm wide, cuneate below eersanpit ole. Inflorescence a

y flowers, t bome ms erect,

10-11.5 cm long, with a bract at the base, from fl ts tubul

10-14 mm long; pedicels 11- a mm long; omy +See long; panne gee the dorsal rasp

translucent yellow-orange, obovate, lightly concave, 13-16 mm long, 8-9 mm wide expanded,

cup,

the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into an erect,

slender, a n tail 3.5 cm ne: the lateral

sepals yellow-green, variously suffused with rose,

ovate, blue, 15 mm long, connate on mm into an

expanded lamina, 16-20 mm wide, the apices obtuse,

abruptly mee into slender, green tails 2.5 cm

long; petals white, cartilaginous, oblong, 5 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, the x obtuse, irregularly and

minutely 2a etn the labellar margin

ana int a short,

with a eo

pes process <n the base; lip white, , diffusely

suffused and dotted with red, ovate-oblong, 5-6 mm

long, 2 mm wide, with acute marginal angles above

the middle, the disc sulcate medially, the apical

rtion ovate, » acute, minutely erose and ve —- is

ne , truncate,

column white, semiterete, 4mm ——- , the foot om mm

long including a free, incurved

ies ng ” tet th 4 a

een Tingo Maria and alt. 1700 m, Aug.

1979, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger & M. Arias K-30a

(Holotype: SEL; clonotypes K, M, USM, W, Herb.

H. Kéniger); same collection, cultivated by W.

Kéniger in Munich, Germany, May 1980, C. Luer

5264 (SEL). San Martin: Moyobamba, co

H.H. Morgan, July 1986, cultivated 5 May 1987, C.

Luer 12740 (MO); Zepelacio, alt. 900 m. , collected

R. Villena, cultivated Dec. 1990, D. Bennett 4854

(MO).

This species is known from only a few

collections from central and northern Peru.

It is closely allied to the M. bicolor-com-

plex, and a similar description applies to

both. Nevertheless, the two concepts are

easily distinguished. Usually two simulta-

neous flowers are produced in a congested,

few-flowered raceme. The triquetrous

peduncle of M. concinna is usually taller

and more slender than that of M. bicolor.

The thin, translucent sepals of M. concin-

na are yellow-green, and the laterals,

connate into a proportionately broader

synsepal, are variously suffused with rose,

but sometimes the sepals are yellow and

purple as in M. bicolor. The petals and lip

are not remarkably different from those of

M. bicolor. Plate 23. Masdevallia concinna

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 mm

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 63

wee cuprea Lindl., Edwards’ bi 29: Misc, 81, 1843.

: From the sili cupreus, “coppery,”

. : Masa e ry is Rchb.f, Allg Garena 2 23: 242, 1855.

Syn: Masdevallia hepatica Luer, Plytologis 42:462, 1979.

Ety.: — Latin hepaticus, Rccuesacserti ** referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: M Ne, r pw ee (Luer) I Lindleyana 3: 21, 1988.

& f v

=

I t epiphytic, ts slender. Ramicauls erect, 1-2 cm ~~

Pie der errimenrate hy Leaf erect, ct, coria riaceous, 5-13 cm long including an indistinct petiole

2.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1-2 cm wide, graduall y narrow wed | below into os

slender petiole. Inflorescence a congested, success a slender, tri-

carnepeee. apie 6-11 cm long, with a bract at the base, from the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts

tubular, 5-9 mm long; pedicel 7-8 mm long; o% ovary 3

all yellow- -green, more or ress doled or ve

fused with dll purple obovate, 8-9 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 5-7 mm to

form a , the broad, subacute apex produced into a thick,

orange-brown to yellow-orange, forwardly directed tail ca. 10 mm long, the lateral sepals dull re

purple-brown, yellowi toward the apices, connate 11- 13 mm into a broadly ovate, bifid lamina 13-18

mm long, 12-1 ia mm ot f oot, the free apices triangular, subacute,

2-5 mm long; petals light en suffused and ectiad wi with red-purple, oblong, 5-6 mm long,

) & 5-2 mm wide, t the y apiculate, the labellar half with a low, longitudinal callus

range, diffusely dotted with

red-purple, eae 6-7 mm long, 2-2.25 mm wide, with a a pair < of marginal folds atone the

middle, the apex subacute to obtuse, lightly verrucose, the column

—— suffused with red marginally, semiterete, 4-5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a short, incurved

extensl

— GUIANA: Cayenne, without known col-

lector or ific locality, cultivated at Hamburg, s.n.

(Holotype: K, Isotype: Py Cayenne, without kno

eS wep

of Medicine, Paris, 28 Oct. 1853, by M.A. Riviere s.n.

(holotype of M. cayennensis: P; iso : W); without

—— oe aa 1914, R. Benoist 906 (P); near

rand T: , 13 Nov. 1968, Oldeman & Sastre

Poe (RJ); aun no orthiwest comer of Guyane 4 vol

d’oiseau de Mena, 11 Feb. 1977, Y. Veyret 1548

ge P); Mount Galboa, alt. 670 m, 10 86,

ranville, C. Feuillet et al, 8526 (CAY, B,

a

Soula, alt. 650 m, 16 Jan. 1989, J.J. de Granville, G.

Cremers et al. 10700 (CAY, NY, P, US); Atachi

Ba rge, Itany ena alt. 1 arenes ne r &

Hagemann s.n. (B), Mi té, Bassin

de la Mana, alt. 440, 16 m6 afar. 1992, 6. (Cremers

alt. i

pd 13621 (CAY); Montagne de la Trinité, 6 Feb

84, De Granville et al. 6548 (CAY, P, Ti De

ic Matech emers 6170 :

Pe Saami og x en » termann, cultivated at SEL, 8 Oct. 1981, C. Luer

6527 (SEL).

erritorio -

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in rest 20 km east of Puyo, alt. 1000 m, 1977, collected by A.

i ated in Quito 16 Feb. 1978, e ‘Luer 2888 (holotype of M. hepatica: SEL); Jatunyacu, alt. 800

m, Nov. 1991, A. Hirtz 5588 (MO). Morona -Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, alt. 800 m, A. Hirtz & X.

Hirtz 434 ); Rio Calagras, alt. 1500 m collected by A. Andreetta & M. P Portilla, cultivated at Paute,

16 May en ~ Luer 13376 (MO); new road between Mendez and Morona, alt. 900 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A.

Hirtz etta & S. Ortega 4144 (MO).

PERU: penta Puerto Boquerén, Ucayali, on rocks, alt. 300 m, collected by M. Arias, flowered in culti-

vation by W. Kéniger in Munich, Germany, 29 Aug. 1982, C. ioe 8119 (SEL); Boquerén Padre A

alt. 300 m, collected by M. Arias, Oct. 1981, cultivated in Munich, Germany, 10 Aug. 1984, by W.

Kéniger, C. Luer 10403 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SATNID

Geena a

et ag : .

Tes RN

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 65

Plants of this species were first imported into Europe before 1843 from an

unrecorded collector in Cayenne, French Guiana. It was from a plant that flowered

at the Hamburg Botanic Garden in Germany, from which material was forwarded to

Lindley and subsequently described by him. A plant from Cayenne cultivated in the

garden of the School of Medicine in Paris provided Reichenbach with material for

his M. cayennensis.

This species is variable in its wide distribution from the warm lowlands of the

Guianas and northern Brazil along the lower slopes of the Andes in the upper

Amazon valley into Ecuador and northern Peru. In Peru it seems to grade into the

pleomorphic M. weberbaueri, where intermediate forms are encountered.

Masdevallia cuprea is characterized by a habit similar to most other small to

medium-sized species of the genus. The peduncles vary in length, from shorter than

the leaves, as in typical plants from the Guianas, to longer than the leaves in a few

collections from Amazonian Ecuador and Peru. The purplish flowers are borne in

slow succession. The apices of the lateral sepals are obtuse and “‘tailless.” Often a

slight narrowing below the tip imparts a “nipple-like” appearance, especially in

plants from the western area of the distribution. The petals are oblong with the

obtuse tip obscurely and variably notched or toothed. The lips are divided by lateral

folds near the middle, but minor variations are legion. The flowers remind one of

M. bicolor without tails.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

cuprea

Plate 26,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

5 cm 5 mm

El

Plate 27. Masdevallia cuprea

67

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1 AA,

cm

Plate 28. :

(M. hepatica)

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 69

Masdevallia deceptrix Luer & Wiirstle, Thesaurus Masdevalliarum 10: 4, 1984.

Ety.: From the Latin deceptrix, “a deceiver,” referring to the confusion of this species with M.

maculata

medium in size to large, — caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2 cm

long, nero by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 6-13 cm long including the petiole

1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical to narrowly ee yl si to — 1.4-2.8 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the indistinctly petiolate base. orescence a congested, successively several-

flowered raceme up to 4 cm long, borne by an ay Sean isdndie 6-13 cm long, with a basal

near the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbricating, 10-18 mm long; pedicels 8-20 mm

long: ovary 4-6 mm long; sepals brown to deep purple, minutely verrucose within, the blade of the

lorsal sepal obovate, 16-22 mm long , 6-8 mm es aes o the lateral sepals for 13-20 mm to form a

y ap ct tail 3-4.5 cm long, lateral

epals a OT. ‘tens te synsepal 25-40 mm long, d j ond the sepaline tube,

sith sin acute, bifid apex, th te tails slend d, 12-27 mm long; petals tan to

purple, oblong, 7- ea lg te ae variably shallowly notched, the the labellar

half longitudinally callous; lip purple, or yellow to orange diffusely dotted with ag cee

durate, 6-7.5 mm lon g, 2.5 mm wide, with smooth, marginal folds near the middle, th

oe minutely denticulate and verrucose, the

hypochile oblong, truncate, hinged below; column

white, semiterete, 5-6 mm long the foot 3 mm long

ith a short, incurved

VENEZUELA: without locality, obtained by opt

hold Wiirstle from Ron Hawley who had obtained th

plant from G.C.K. Dunsterville, cultivated by B.

Wiirstle at Spielberg, Germany, 6 Oct. 1986, C. Luer

11610 (Holotype: MO). Lara: Cerro Guacamuco,

north of Siquisique, alt. 1400 m, Oct. 1948, J. Renz

1982, C. Luer 8085 (SEL). Zulia: Cordillera de

Perija, * 1200 m, G.C.K. Dunsterville 214, culti-

ed at El Hatillo 23 July 1982, C. Luer 8083 (SEL).

Dunsterville’s illustration 780 of this

species in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated

was misidentified as M. rechingeriana, a

synonym of M. sceptrum, an Andean

‘species. Masdevallia deceptrix is restricted

to the coastal mountain range of Venezue-

la. It is more similar to sympatric M.

maculata, also being variable in size, in

the relative lengths of the peduncle, and in

the size and color of the flowers. The

peduncles are longer or shorter than the

leaves. The color of the sepals varies from

brown to deep purple. The sepaline tube is

relatively long and cylindrical, the feature

that most readily distinguishes this species

from M. maculata. The blade of the

synsepal is recurved beyond the junction

with the dorsal sepal. Also asin M.

maculata the lateral sepals are connate to

above the middle with the apices and tails

in apposition and shorter than the blade.

The epichile of the lip is obtuse and min-

utely verrucose. Plate 29. Masdevallia deceptix

70 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 71

Masdevallia ae Luer & Andreetta, a 3: 195, 1988.

Ety.: From the Latin des ns, “descending,” referring to the peduncle.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic it Vt Ramicauls stout, pane’ 1-1.5 ve

subacute, 7-1

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickl

long as “ petiole 1, 5-2 cm long, 1 1-2 1 cm wide,

+h L

Inflores bout 1 cm nas the pias

stout, icwiaveial to pendent, triquetrous, 2.5-4 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the rami-

caul; floral bracts 10-13 mm —_ imbricating; pedicels 10-12 mm long; ovary 5-7 mm long; sepals

rigid, the dorsal sepal yellow, ovate, 34-42 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 11 mm

to sir a conical, sepaline tube, “on acute apex contracted into a broad, orange | tail 2-3 om long, t the

late: le, ovate, acute, 34-43 mm long,

lowly eae lamina 25 mm wide expanded, minutely verrucose, the apices narrowed into orange,

triangular tails; petals ivory, cartilaginous, oblong, obtuse, obliquely apiculate, 10.5 mm long, 3 mm

wide, with both sides longitudinally callous; lip i ivory, spotted with deep purple, thi ck, subpandurate,

11.5 mm long, 5 mm wide, e, rounded, verrucose,

the h rdat t the base, hi ib th - column white, semiterete, 8 mm long, the

foot thick, 5 mm long, with a very short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Valle del wip a

alt. 1500 m, collected by Padre Andreetta

Portilla, cultivated by Padre Angel Andreetta a f

Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13369 (MO). Zamora- \

Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in forest Sag }

— cuentros, alt. 1300 ra, 19 May 1988, C. ant

Luer, A. Hi W. Flor es, A. Andreetta & W. Teague aaa

1347 7 (MO). "West of Rio Yacuambe, road to Vein-

teocho de Mayo, near El Progresso, alt. 1450 m, 4

Dec. 1988, M. Whitten, N. Williams & M. Jiméne.

/

\

4

88020 (QCNE). a aid \_-

This uncommon species is apparently

endemic in southern Ecuador. The habit e.

with thickly coriaceous leaves is similar to i A

that of many other species of this section. a

Most distinctive is the short, horizontal rd

peduncle that bears the rigidly fleshy 4

flower half burred in the surrounding as ae

mossy substrate. The lateral sepals are .

deeply connate into a synsepal that ex- }

pands beyond the tube and terminates in ;

short, thick, acuminate tails. The flower is %

not unlike that of M. vargasii or M. kuh-

niorum. The petals are oblong and callous

on the labellar half. The lip is similarly large with broad folds above the mu middle.

A similar species with a horizontal or descending peduncle is M. lintricula,

which is distinguished by a cymbiform synsepal with much shorter tails.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ort

- eee

St notes eo we ee;

. NO ee

Bo 0 Ke

ies ;

Soi,

il ae <~

Plate 31. Masdevallia descendens

ee ek es

&

!

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 73

SS don-quijote Luer & Andreetta, Phytologia 59: 61, 1985.

ae.

3 +h tease: 1 LI; 41 . hk

i sepal resem-

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf thickly coriaceous, erect, 7-15 cm long i

petiole 2-2.5 cm long, L 8-2 .7 cm wide, the blade elliptical, acute, age gars aang narrowed below into the

stout petiole. In , 1 cm long or longer, bome by a

slender, erect, tri etrous peduncle 20- 1 cm long, from th

5-10 mm _ etl 10 mm long; as 5-7 mm Jong; eee — yellow, narrowly triangular, at-

der tail, 55-80 mm rye /mm

a eo ta 1 ize. epiphvtic p i it Ramicaul erect, stout, 1-3 cm

the

t ie purple , markedly verrucose, narrowly obl ong-ellipti-

cal with ional sides, — 20-28 m mm, th lender, yellow tails, 50-78

mm long, 10 mm wide un ded: petals yellow- white, edged in purple, oblong, 9 mm long, 25 am

wide, ae x lightly b Michel th vie) bell callus

above the am lip yellow, suffused with purple, obovate, 61 . 6 — m long. 4 mm wide, the apex eae

verrucose, revolu column white, semiterete, 9 mm

long, the foot ae thick, with an abbreviated ated incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest

near Bomboiza, alt. 1500 m, Nov. 1982, A. Andreetia

& M. Portilla 1770 ( (Holotype: MO) Cc. Luer —

Apr. ‘1988, C. Luer 13052 (MO). Pies

chipe: Cordillera del Condor, south o f Napintza, alt.

1000 m, June 1991, A. Hirtz 5550 (MO).

This remarkable species is found infre-

quently in southern Ecuador, where it was

first collected by Father Andreetta in 1982.

Although superficially similar to M.

impostor, M. don-quijote is easily identi-

fied by the long, lance-like, forwardly

directed dorsal sepal, and the coarsely

verrucose synsepal with revolute margins

produced into a pair of long, diverging

tails.

The petals are oblong and callous on

the labellar half. The usual marginal folds

of the lip seen in section Alati caules are

modified into marginal callous thicken-

ings, approaching the lip of section Coria-

ceae of subgenus Masdevallia. Were it

not for the successively flowered raceme borne by a trique

species could be confused with that section

trous peduncle, this

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

74

Plate 32. Masdevallia don-quijote

et a fe ee se A a

Se eee

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 75

Masdevallia dorisiae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 76: 149, 1999.

Ety.: Named in honor of Doris Dukes of Dover, FL, who submitted the plant for identification.

Pl in size, epiphytic pitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, 1.5-2 cm

long, parton rec 3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, FORMER on 10-14 cm long including a

petiole 2-3 cm — the blade elliptical, subacute, 3. S- 1.8 cm wide, the base e narrowly cuneate cuneate into the

petiole. a subdense, slender, trique

— peduncle 14cm long, from belt on the ramicaul; floral t bract 15mm n long; pedicel 1 15mm il

5-6 ular within, the

pe sepal elliptical, acute, long-attenuate, d decurved, 52 mm 1 long, 10: mm wide, cme 55 er lateral

sepals for 12

decurved at the opening of the tube, 35 mm long, 15 mm wide, with acute apices

descending, white tails 15 mm long;

beneath, th

3mm bing with an extension.

ECUADOR: Without collection data, purchased by

ae Dukes from a vendor at the orchid show in

Ecuador, Feb. 1994, flowered in cultivation in

+ es FL, Sept. 1995, D. Dukes s.n. (Holotype:

MO), C. Luer illustr. 17750.

This attractive species was purchased

by Doris Dukes at a Quito orchid show in

1994, and cultivated in Florida. Unfor-

tunately, collection data are unknown.

Vegetatively, M. dorisiae is propor-

tionately small for the size of the flower,

with the peduncle about as long as the leaf.

The sepals are yellow, suffused medially

with rose, and connate into a cylindrical

tube, beyond which the synsepal decurves

abruptly. The acute apices are attenuated

into relatively short tails. The long-at-

tenuate dorsal sepal decurves. The pe

are oblong, and the oblong lip is white

below the middle and black above the

middle with an obtuse, minutely verrucose

apex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 33. Masdevallia dorisiae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 77

Masdevallia draconis Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana | 3; 21, 1988.

Ety.: From the Latin draconis, “of a dragon,” referring of the lip.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. REE EN

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf pee coriaceous, , narrowly elliptical, : subacute, 7- il cm

long including the ie i 1- 1. 5 cm long, 2-2. 5 cm wide,

Inflorescence a single flow d 3 cm long or or longer, , the pedun-

cle stout, erect to suberect, tiguetrous 20-23 cn lng with brat at the base, from low on the ramicaul;

floral bracts 12-15 mm long, imbricating; pedicels 15-20 caine igtnnibeie ox men ng: ees Oe ne

rose-brown, the dorsal sepal a 27 mm long, 9 mm wide

— a short, gaping, sepaline cup, the subacute apex narrowly obtuse, ee ange reen, siliiameiee, oo, the

lateral sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse, oblique, 26 mm long, connate to each other for 20 mm, the sides

ee 10 mm wide unexpanded, subverrucose; petals yellow, cartilaginous, oblong, obtuse, subtriden-

tate, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with a low, longitudinal callus on the labellar half; lip purple, densely

spotted with dark purple, Tiga 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with thick, verrucose, marginal folds near

middle, the epichile oblon ie revolute, markedly verrucose, with a verrucose callus callus beneath,

the hypochile oblong, nated i ed beneath: column white with the edge purple, semiterete, 5 mm

long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, he an incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutu-

ci, alt. 1500 m, collected by Padre Andreetta and

d Angel Andreetta

at Paute, flowered 8 Feb. 1987, C. Luer 12737

ee MO); same collection, cultivated at

lomborquideas, 6 July 1996, C. Luer 17969 (MO).

This species, rare in the Oriente of

Ecuador, was discovered by Father Angel

Andreetta. Its closest relatives seem to be

the Colombian M. melanoxantha and M.

scobina. Vegetatively not remarkably

different from other medium-sized species

of the section, the stout peduncle far

surpasses the leaf, and bears the flower

successively. The sepals are connate into

ashort cup. The thickened, narrowed apex

of the dorsal sepal is lightly verrucose.

The lateral sepals are connate and tailless,

forming a lightly verrucose synsepal with

revolute sides. The dark purple lip is

divided near the middle by verrucose folds

into a markedly verrucose epichile with a

verrucose callus beneath, and a rounded

hypochile.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 34. Masdevallia draconis

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 79

Masdevallia dunstervillei Luer, Selbyana 7: 106, 1982.

Ety.: N d in | f the late G.C.K. Dunsterville, th di

Illustrated, who discovered and illustrated this species

Plant medium in size, — pe vere roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-3 cm long,

llustrator of Venezuelan Orchids

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, cori coriaceous, up to 15 om long including the petiole 3-4

cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, up to 2.8 cm wide, gradually nar-

rowed below into the channeled Leanna Inflorescence a congested, simultaneously 2-flowered raceme,

borne by a slender, rect 1 to 12 cm long, with a bract at the base,

Gram the baad of « remnicol; Hoasd racts tubular, Lawes ig Spite tbs 10 mm long; ovary 3

en! drs sepa yell, cor res af aga venti connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm

low, gaping cup. r to a slender, acutely re

flexed tail 4 cm long; I teral : dark ith narrow, yellc within, connate

margins, verrucose

ee eee Se ae ae 16 mm wide, the apices approx-

imate, subacute, contracted into slender, yellow tails 3.5 cm long; petals white hite, oblong, 5.5 mm long, 1.8

curely bilobed, th longitudinal callus ending

a e labellar margin with a low, 1

in ded swelling at the t lip dark purple —— with broad, obtuse marginal

folds nea the middle sani anes e epichile con x, rounded with the apiculate tip revo-

lute, th ncate, hinged below; ptt yellow, semiterete, 4 mm long,

sth A +t cir

VENEZUELA: laa path in cloud forest

between Queneq and Zumbador, alt. 2000 m

1972, G.C.K. Duet N. eae & R.

Mejfa 1210 (Holotype: MO).

This species was collected and il-

lustrated by Dunsterville in 1972. Appar-

ently it has not been seen again. The

description is based on Dunsterville’s

notes and a flower preserved in liquid.

Found at a higher altitude, M. dunster-

villei is most similar to M. sanctae-fidei.

It differs from the latter by the longer

her and longer tails of the two flow-

rs that are produced simultaneously as in

M. bicolor. The lateral sepals are connate

into a broadly ovate lamina with the tails

somewhat longer and nearly approximate.

Most unusual is the lip with the smooth,

convex epichile, rounded on the end with

an acutely revolute apiculum.

80 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 35. Masdevallia dunstervillei

|

:

f

‘

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 81

Masdevallia echo Luer, Phytologia 39: 198, 1978.

Ety.: Named for the Greek mythological nymph Echo, known by her repetitious voice, hence recall-

ing the confusing similarity ty of M. infracta.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-20 cm long including the gor xfer te petiole

1-4 cm long, the blade narrowly e! dipicsh tong, subacute to obtuse, 1.8-2.8 cm , gradually nar-

— below into the channeled petiole. Inflorescence a congested, ae several-flowered

eme bome by an erect, triquetrous trous peduncle 15-30 cm long, with a bract at the base, ar the

Ss tt the ramicaul; floral bracts papery, imbricating, 1.5- “1.5m sii genes cm long, ovary 6-8

mm long; sepals olive green, suffused with red-purple ithin

pubescent 6 the middle, the dorsal sepal obovate-cuneate, 2 2 mm <ioma, ll 14 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals 16-20 triangular,

the broadly obtuse apex abruptly contracted into an erect, slender, yellow-green et 4-5 cm long, the

lateral frig ovate, oblique, connate 10-12 mm mina 15-17 mm long, 30-38

mm wide expanded, forming a deep, secon mentum, the obtuse apices seed et " cuisaciod tale

contiguous, slender tails 2.5-3.5 cm long; a Lg flecked seo ‘oem gulnearae- x 2mm

de, both halves longitudinally callous, the truncate apex with a prominent, acute, apiculum; li

one valle w, spotted with purple, oblon g-subpandurate, 75-8 mm long, 2-2.75 mm wide, jawnee-

ginal folds near the middle, the b epict meg nae obovate, obtuse, denticulate, lightly verrucose, the

ed below; column greenish white, semiterete, 5-6 mm long,

retinal i era xtension.

PERU: Junin: collected near Chanchamayo, obtained

EL); same source, cultivated by T. Vigliotti in Ft.

on a FL. Aug. 1976, C. Luer 1638 (SEL);

Agua Dulce, alt. 2000 m, 6 Apr. 194 48, F.

19

(AMES, UC). Hudnuco: betw n Huanuco an

Pampayacu, 2 Feb. 1927, cs eeena 112

(AMES).

Apparently endemic in central Peru,

this species probably had been identified

the Brazilian M. infracta to account for

the report of the latter species in Peru.

Vegetatively, M. echo is large for the

subsection, and the long peduncle equals

or surpasses the leaves. The flowers are

borne successively in a congested, long-

ellate raceme. The sepals are deeply

connate into a suborbicular or bell-shaped

cup with the long tail of the dorsal sepal

erect and the two tails of the lateral se sepals ’ 4 fy

closely parallel if not in apposition. The petals are oblong and apiculate. The lip 1s

oblong and arcuate above the marginal folds with the epichile denticulate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 83

at — Luer, mie 39: 200, nian

rom the Latin em * in allusion to the appearance of the flower.

a paint: jimenezii — Arcula 5: 122, 1996.

Ety. - NI 4 £, LA. lim £ Z, 5 v4 Th bi 'F.

di in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots ls stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

aiden bee tubular sheaths. Leaf e: erect, cori tt eae narrow,

base, the aa narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1.4-1.8 cm wide, gradually narro epic below into the base.

Inflorescence a conge: successively few-flowered raceme, occasionally 28 Ts open sim) simultane-

— — we an erect, triquetrous peduncle 18-21 cm long, with th of

ral bracts thin, ee 10-18 mm long, enclosing the sar rg a

Il obovate, ca. inane. 7mm wide,

xin to the lateral ‘sepals for 8- to fi cup. a de-

curved tail 3.5 cm long, ding to yell the tip, the lateral i within,

connate 20 mm into a suborbicular, recurved ‘lamina, 22 m mm ie 19 mm wide expanded, the obtuse

apices contracted into slender, yellow-green, approximate roximate, decurved, tails nearly 2 cm long; petals white,

suffused with rose, oblong, 7.5 mm long, 2mm wide, the apex obtuse, apiculate, the the labellar half with a

n ~~ ish white, dotted wi th red,

oblong-subpandurate, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with oblique, marginal folds near the middle, the epi-

pe ovate, — eae " denticulate-lacerate, the hypochile oblong, truncate, hinged below;

rete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

PERU: Hudnuco: epiphytic between ise Maria

and Pu

alt. ca. 700 m, collected by Janet Kuhn,

Mar. 1975, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 8

Luer 14383 (MO); Jambuei, alt. 1500 m, collected

M. Jiménez, cultivated in Zamora, Jans 1991, A.

Hirtz 5517 (MO); Rio Bombuscaro, alt. 1800-2000

m, collected by M. Jiménez, May 1990, flowered in

Munich, Germany, 1995, W. Kéniger WK-61 (holo-

ji: M; clonotypes: K, QCA).

This grotesquely flowered — is

found locally in southeastern Ec

central Peru, where it was first Devos

by Janet Kuhn. The published description

and illustration of M. jimenezii failed to

include the distinct tooth-like process at

the base of the petals

Similar vegetatively to many other

members of subsection, this species is

characterized by a long, triquetrous peduncle that elevates the congested, succes-

sively flowered raceme well above the leaves, but sometimes two flowers open

— ously. The flower is relatively large with a slender, decurved tail of the

_ and shorter, recurved tails of the lateral se sepals. The lateral sepals are

ocelot rugose and sulcate within, each sepal coursed by three thick, elevated,

undulating veins. The petals are oblong with a narrow, descending, basal tooth.

The epichile of the lip is finely fringed.

84 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SS

pee?

ey

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 85

Masdevallia excelsior Luer & Andreetta, aan 5: 393, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin excelsior, “higher,” in allusion the peduncle, longer than that of many close

relatives

Plant medium to large, i caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout,erect, 3-4 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sh . Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 10-15 cm long including

the 4-6 cm long petiole, the caocel ellipti tical, subacute, 2-2.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

petiole. Inflorescence a b successively, distantly f fow-fomened sacem e up to 6 cm long, “ts cm between

flowers, borne by , with a basal bract, from near the base of

the ramicaul; floral bract ‘tubular, 15-20 mm long; pedicel 28-30 mm long; ovary 4mm ersten dorsal

sepal yellow-orange, subverrucose within, the blade ovate, 9 mami long, 7 mam wide, commute e to the lateral

epals for 3 mm to form a short cup, th nder, erect tail 4.5 cm =

lateral sepals dark purple, verrucose within, more or less elliptical, connate 16 mm into an expande:

lamina 20 mm long, 18 mm wide, with a white, concave se secondary mentum below the lip, th Pa vee

_— contracted into eentlieae pill = 3 cm Jong; petals white te, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1- 1.5 mm wide,

the apex obtuse, minutely n fi

broadly angled callus above the base; pcan sl ped subpandurate, 5mm long,

1.75 mm wide, with broadly

dilated before the shortly acuminate, minutely ve

foot;

ot é base hinged to the tase

2 semiterete, 5 mm long, the short, thick

foot with a short, ncucwed extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud

forest, Valle de Rio Negro, vafluente del Ce.

Lomipuerco, alt. 2000 m, collect Andreetta

& M. Portilla, cultivated Sb May 1981, a ‘Luer 6100

fe fe SEL); same area, alt. 2000 m, collected

ead, ated at] & L ds, Easton.

a Mar. 1982, C. Luer 7414 (SEL); apart eerie at

Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer — (MO); pane

between Gualaceo an 1900-

Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. SL 12722

(AMES, GB); same area, alt. 2000 m, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer I 3290

(MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: between Hatillo and 9

de Octubre, alt. 1900 m, 1985, cultivated in San

Francisco, CA, July 1986, W. Teague s.n. (MO).

This infrequent species is apparently

endemic in southeastern Ecuador. It is

of a few, distant, successive flowers is

reminiscent of M. aenigma from the East-

ern Cordillera of Colombia, but the raceme

of the latter is shorter, and more congest-

ed, often with two simultaneous flowers

borne by a shorter peduncle. The sepaline

tails of the latter are also much shorter.

The similar, yellow dorsal sepal and purple 2 ree of M. excelsior are connate

into a very short cup beyond which the synsepal expands. All three tails are long

and slender. The petals are oblong with a callous swelling at the base of the lamella

along the margin. The lip is subpandurate with broadly obtuse, marginal folds, and

the tip of the epichile is acuminate- -apiculate.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 38. Masdevallia excelsior

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 87

Masdevallia fosterae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 76: 150, 1999.

Ety.: Named in I f the late Elizabeth Foster of Bay Village, Ohio, who submitted the species

for identification.

epiphytic, pitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 6-11 cm long including the 1-2 cm

long petiole, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. a

single flower, followed by di gested, few-flowered raceme, bome by an erect, trique-

trous peduncle 9-12 cm long, with ab 1 bract, fi the b f icaul; floral bract inflated, 12

mm long; pedicel 8-12 mm long; ovary 3 mm long, deeply fissured between carpels; sepals fleshy,

glabrous, the blade of the dorsal sepal obovate, ca. 15 mm long, 6 mm wide, to the lateral sepals

for 8 taf amp es , the apex acute, i eae £ ily irected tail

ca. 22 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, the 15 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate for 6 mm, the

apices rounded, abruptly contracted into slender tails 18 mm long; petals oblong, 7 mm long, 2 mm

ded, mi i i labellar half longi

wide, the apex rounded, microscopically apiculate, the ongitudinally callous; lip oblong, 6

mm long, 2 mm wide, the di ly sulcate betw | ginal folds above the middle, the

epichile obtuse, subverrucose with lat gins, the hypochile oblong, subcordate at the base,

hinged b th: colt iterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm | g with a short, incurved extension.

Without collection data, cultivated in Bay Village, Ohio, submitted for identification, Nov. 1991, by the

late Mrs. Elizabeth Foster 7718 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15530.

Although no collection data are known, I do not believe that this taxon is hybrid

in origin. Another collection should eventually appear. Among the species of this

section, M. fosterae is distinguished by a ramicaul longer than the leaf, and a con-

gested, successively flowered raceme. The sepals are slender-tailed; the dorsal

sepal is acute and the laterals are rounded and abruptly caudate. The petals are

oblong with a longitudinal callus above the margin. The lip is not particularly dis-

tinctive. The ovary is triangular in cross section with deep clefts between the three

carpels.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

a et,

a, -

2 a ¢ TMs tee, a .

“pas D

thn,

Sins AMD,

they,

Plate 39. Masdevallia fosterae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 89

Masdevallia ‘garciae Luer, r, Selbyana 7: bate of se

enezuela, who collected this species.

Romans small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2

enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf coriaceous, 6-9 cm cm long including the petiole

1. 15. Zs ae cm long, ¢ the ‘blade clipe, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, narrowly Sia below into the petiole.

lly followed me by a slender, erect, tri-

quetrous, : 4-5 cm po fees ner oe ae np ig the base of a

ramicaul; floral bract 7-8 mm long; pedicel 1 10mm long, dotted with 2 pe ovary 4 mm long, subcar-

inate; sepals yellow-green, purp bl - 10-14 mm long,

5-6 mm wide, connate to the lateral s for 7-9: fi lindri the.

tracted into a thick, forwardly directed tail ca. 10 mm lon, 15 mm wide, the lateral sepals ovate, ob-

lique, the — ca, preg es 7 mm wide,

tails similar to dorsal sepal; petals whit with a purple midvein, oblong, 5 mm long, 1.6-2 mm

wide, the apex pe ne tridentate, the labellar margin longitudinally thickened with an obscure

angle between the middle and lower thirds; lip dull yellow, dotted with 1 red-brown, , oblong, 6.5-7 mm

pi age epee tee ao witha pale of dle, the apex sub-

sh hite , semiterete, 5.5

aia the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

VENEZUELA: Falcén: epiphytic i in rain forest,

Sierra de San Luis near Curi magua, 1960, alt. ca.

Cc Garcia, 1 db CK. ra bd

siteit, Amsterdam, 23 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 11431

(MO); ee rancid

Dec. 1951, J ee 7665 (BAS); between Zambran

00-1500 m, As, 1993, G.

Caraunail 3265 (MO,

This species was identified as M.

ee in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrat-

n 1965. It was first collected by Dr.

Pol Renz in 1951, and in 1960 by Sr.

Carlos Garcia of Caracas. Plants were

cultivated in the Netherlands where Chris-

tian Branger of Lunteren, realizing that it

was not M. striatella, published an article

in Orchideeén in 1980 with a photograph

and a line drawing, correctly depicting it

as an unidentified species.

Masdevallia garciae is endemic in the

coastal mountain range of Venezuela

where the Central American M. striatella

was reported to sh ig found. However, the latter is either an introduction or a

misidentified collec

Masdevallia cies is very similar to M. striatella, but the peduncle

. < former is more or less triquetrous. The flowers of the latter are distinguished

the slightly shorter, thicker, sepaline tails. The sepaline tubes of both species are

edie and striped in purple. The marginal folds of the lip of M. garciae are

reduced to calli on the dorsum of the distal third. The base of the lip is neither

concave nor deeply cleft, while that of M. striatella is shallowly concave and

notched between thin, rounded, slightly upcurved basal margins.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 91

Masdevallia guerrieroi Luer & Andreetta, Selbyana 2: 373, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Padre Antonio Guerriero of Bomboiza, Ecuador, co-discoverer of this

species.

hytic coa Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-3 cm long,

enclosed ty 2-3 loose, eae sheaths. Leaf erect, — x 12 cm an including a 1-2 cm n long

petiole, the blade b annoy prmcree obtuse, . -2.5 cm

ele eek ime

peduncle 9-13 cm long, subtended b ‘short bract, f the b f th icaul; floral bracts

oblique, imbricating, 12-15 mm long; pedi 5 mm : long: ovary 5 mm long, green; sepals dull yellow-

orange below the middle, suffused with dull purple above the middle, fleshy-rigid, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal obovate, concave, ca. hanes 8 mm wide unexpanded, connate 12 mm to the lateral sepals to

form a conical er the free portion narrowly —— acute, gradually acuminate into a yellow,

decurved tail ca.

20 mm long, the lateral sepals ca. mm long, connate 14 mm to form a rigid, deeply

concave, cymbiform s synsepal ca. 10 mm wi wide and 7 mm deep unexpanded, wi with a shallow, secondary

mentum above th li tum below the column-foot, the apices acute, conti

guous, acu-

minate into decurving y ellow tails ca ca. 10 mm long; petals white with lavender dots, oblong, ¢ ih 5 mm

long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex emarginate,

an leis deflexed tooth 1 mm long above the base; lip white, diffusely dotted | with purple, oblong

sul , 6.5 mm long, : 25 mm wide, » P

— lightly v VYOIIUCOSe , th hyp hil bl 5» truncate, hi + it i? pari.

m long, with elaine i

Ss. in|

| Nee ys =x

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: — in cloud

forest along Rio Kamoanakentsa near — aN

ca. 1000 m, Oct. 1977, ype ena . Gue

61, cultivated by A. Andreetta in Cuenca, 21 a

1978, C. Luer 3323 (Holotype: SEL); same area,

collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated at mien, 24

May 1988, C. Luer 13637

This species is apparently rare and

local, known from only one area near the

remote Salesian Mission at Bomboiza

where it was found by fathers Andreetta

and Guerriero. It is characterized by a

rigid, purple and orange flower that does

not open widely. Although the dorsal

sepal is connate only to the middle, the

blade and tail arch forward over the

boat-like synsepal. The tips of the lateral

sepals are contiguous, with short recurving

Masdevallia guerrieroi is closely allied

to M. calagrasalis which is also restricted

to southeastern Ecuador. It is distin-

guished from the latter by the rigid, boat-

shaped synsepal with approximate apices. The petals of both species are purple

with a descending, basal tooth.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 41. Masdevallia guerrieroi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 93

Masdevallia guttulata Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 118, 1877, non Rolfe, 1890.

Ety.: From the Latin guttulatus, “with small spots,” referring to the spotted sepals.

Syn.: Masdevallia guttulata Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 8: 267, 1890, nom. superfl.

Syn.: Masdevallia lawrencei Kraenzl., , Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 18: 324, 1895.

oo Named for Sir Trevor L d living material

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 < long,

enclosed cpt 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-16 cm long including the petiole 1.5-4 cm

g, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1.3-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole.

Seles a congested, successively several-flowered raceme bome by a slender, triquetrous pedun-

cle 12-25 cm long, with ab g, 6-

8 mm n long; | pedicel Ln -10 mm long; ovary : 13-4, 5 mm long; sepals greenish white, glabrous extemal,

, 7-10 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, connate

the lateral sepals for 5-7 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the free portion broadly triangular, .

erect tail 10-15 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, connate 8-

a mm into — 15-20mm long, 13-16 mm wide, with a broad, shallow mentum, the apices sub-

to broad tails 3-4 mm long

at5%

wane, aie ia mm long, 1. a wide, the truncate apex variously denticulate, = lower bal Pps a

longitudinal callus dotted wi lip iv d with pur-

ple, oblong-subpandurate, 6 mm ctl 2mm wide, with oblique, g b d

a the epichile obtuse, lightly verrucose, th truncate, hi th d; column

reenish white, semiterete, 5 mm long, Be cs eal einive cad coum

oo hebanse eae G. a S.n. oe,

type: W); ut locality or

the Royal Woteabe Garden, one rey ee

1890, by F. W. Moore s.n. (K). perk ye

near Bomboiza, collected by A. Andreetta

in Cuenca, 18 Aug. 1978, C. Luer 3453 3 SED

along Rio Cuyes, alt. 900 m, 2 Feb. 1986,

strém & T. gd 1131 (MO). Pastaza: Rio ‘heed

near Puyo, alt. 900 m, 13 Feb. 1973, C. Luer, J. Luer

&S. cae 3978 (SEL). Zamora-Ch ; East

of Loja, G. Hiibsch s.n. (W); “forest of Zamora, si

Andes of Loja,” alt. 800-1300 m, Lehma

(006 (AMES, LE); Rio Zamora, alt. 1 in, 26 July

1960, C.H. Dodson 154 (MO, fee ame Rio

Zamora between Yanzatza and Zamora, alt. 900 m,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10970 (MO);

along a stream south of Yanzatza, alt. 850 m, 3 Feb.

1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12610 (MO).

This species, endemic in the wet for-

ests of southeastern Ecuador, is locally

frequent at moderately low altitudes about

1000 meters above sea level. Reports of

this species occurring in Colombia and

Verteuetn are > due to misidentifications.

In d, Dunster

ville’s illustration of M. norae was pub-

lished as M. guttulata.

In habit, Masdevallia guttulata is very similar to other members of the section.

The aively slender peduncle is either shorter of longer than the leaf, and the

flower varies considerably in size. However, the flower is easily identified by the

whitish ae: with minute tufts of red hairs within. The apices of the lateral sepals

are usually triangular without forming a tail, but occasionally some narrowing is

present so that the apex may bear a short, broad “tail.” The petals and lip do not

deviate significantly from the basic pattern seen in the section.

94 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 42. Masdevallia guttulata

95

Plate 43, Masdevallia guttulata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 97

aa ste helgae K6niger & J icone cnet 7: 194, 1997.

Ety.: Named in honor of his wife, Helga K6ni;

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, e12 cm long including an ill-de-

fined petio! os 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate cuneate below into the

subpetiolate Inflorescence a sg ,b by ct,

triquetrous ulead Vaeaenins ith a bract at the base, from the b f icaul; floral bract:

se imbricating, 10-13 mm long; pedicels 10-12 mm tong; ovary 6-7 mm long; sepals glabrous exter

nally, cellular within, th ties Ean St ne ee ellowish, veined in purple, obovate, 15- 18 mm long,

9 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for to fi

triangular with the acute apex mie eases eee erect, purple Je tail ca. 4.cm sine. alghly thick

— am the entire wi eo seal von mm ee er — it purple with git dycet veins,

mm wide,

Gaia, free for 15-18 tals white,

marked with purple, with snc midvein, i, ovate, , 8-10. e mm ey 3.5 mm wide, the apex acute,

more or less apiculate, acute, the labellar half with a longitudinal ending in a low, rounded

at the base; lip tan, purple-brown cen ss te panes srs Ee purple-brown, oblong, 10-13 mm long,

= 75 mm wide, th erose btuse, minutely

cose, the disc cl eled bel iddle betw: f longitudinal calli with erose margins

‘deny ternal, becoming verrucose tow: toward rg saa 1, midline callus on the distal third,

the base cordate, incised, hinged below; column white, suffused with purple along the margins, semiter-

ete, 8 mm long, denticulate at the apex, the foot stout, 6mm long, with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: El Pangui, alt. 1000

m, collected by ion a purchased by W.

pay — red in cultivati , Germa-

wn, by W. Kéniger "WK-81

M. clonotypes: nk, ae a H. K6niger); same

iva-

coll

tion in Tassel eee 8 ‘May 1999, P. Cloes s.n.

(MO), C. Luer illustr. 19228.

This species, apparently endemic in

southeastern Ecuador, is most closely

related to M. sanguinea, which in turn is

pipes to the widely distributed M. varga-

. Masdevallia helgae is distinguished

by the longer, acuminate synsepal that is

terminated by narrowly triangular, acute,

approximate apices. The lip differs with

the calli marginally erose below the

middle, and verrucose toward the apex,

features among others not revealed on the

illustration published with the original

descripti

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 44. Masdevallia helgae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 99

Masdevallia impostor Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 166, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin impostor, “‘an impostor, a deceiver,” in reference to the long-mistaken identity

of the species.

medium in size to large, ie SN eK roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-3 cm

long, chen by 2-3 tubular sheaths. to suberect, thickly coriaceous, 9-16 cm long including

the mkt cm — petiole, the blade pears obtuse, S cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

low on the ramicaul; floral bracts wi, ape ra 10-25 mm long; pedicels 15-27 mm long;

ovary 5-6 mm long; dorsal sepal red-brown to purple, ovate, 63-85 mm long including the narrowly

hisapie, orange, apical porti tion with tai, 10-11 mm wide, ‘connate 9-10 mm to the lateral sepals to form

, erect tai il;

to purple, connate 27-30 mm n into an ovate lamina 15-17 mm wide, with revolute sides, ‘the acute apex

split into slender, forward, approximate, greenish white tails, 65-85 mm long including the tails, the base

constricted at the opening of the sepaline tube; petals yellow-white, oblong, 6.5-8 mm long, 2.75-3 mm

wide, the obtuse apex irregularly tridentate, the labellar half longitudinally ; lip diffusely dotted

with purple on rose or cream, subpandurate, ¢ ic oe ae with obtuse marginal folds

prpemiemet ne oe I led verrucose, obtuse to to rounded with

1 rae cS Seger blong th; column white ite with purple

nage, semiterete, 5-6 mm long, ring some sane oe nem

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Betulia, Pifional, alt. 1600-

1800 m, 20 Dec. 1977, E. Segura s.n. (Holotype

JAUM; Isotype: SEL; clonotype: K); Anglpais

alt. 1600-1700 m, collected by J

by M. & O. Robledo, 12 Jan. 1978, RES Escobar s.n.

iam 3 see Farallones del Citard, alt. 1600-

1800 m 0, collected by J.M. Sema, cultivat-

1924 (SEL). Cauca: El Almorzadero, E. André K-

804 (K); near Hatico near Popayan, alt. oo ft., 19

Nov. 1878, oe Lehmann s.n. (W); highlands of

Popayan, alt. 1500-1900 m, 1878, F.C. Lehmann B.T.

177 (MO); s same area, alt. 1500-1800 m, 21 Aug.

1881, F.C. Lehmann 6746 (AMES, K, LE, MO);

same area, alt. 1600-1900 m, 23 Apr. 1883, F.C.

Lehmann 2816 (AMES, BM, BR, G, K, LE, MO, W);

same area, cultivated by Amalia Lehmann de Sarria

. Popayan, 26 July 1978, C. Luer 3011A (SEL).

EZ a, Cubiro,

Sanare, Yacam

terville at El Hatillo, 23

tivated by G.C.K

ba A C. Luer 8084 (¢

UADOR: Morona-San

unas alt. 1800 m, Oct. 1983, collect ted ie A.

Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Hosteria

Uzhupud, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer 9530 (MO).

A watercolor painting of this species from near Popay4n, Colombia, made by

Lehmann around 1878 with the intended name Masdevallia maculata vat. popaya-

nensis, is at Kew. At that time, it was believed to be M. maculata, which is ende-

mic in coastal Venezuela. Masdevallia impostor is found locally in Colombia,

western Venezuela, and southeastern Ec

Masdevallia impostor is recognized by the large, slender, bilabiate flower borne

in a congested, vely flowered raceme by a long, triquetrous peduncle. From

the short sepaline tube the narrow dorsal sepal stands erect and the synsepal Pro-

trudes forward with revolute margins instead of decurving, the apices continuing as

approximate, white tails.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

100

en.

Plate 45. Masdevallia im

ities

WHAT

ti rs.

5 mm

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 101

Masdevallia infracta Lindl., Gen. Spec. = 52 193,:1835.

Ety.: From the Latin infractus, “sharply bent,” referring to the shape of the sepaline tube.

Syn.: Masdevallia tridentata Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 357, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin tridentatus, “three-toothed,”’ probably referring to the three, tailed sepals.

Syn.: Masdevallia aurantiaca Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 357, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin aurantiacus, “‘orange-colored,”’ referring to a color-form of the species.

Syn.: Masdevallia triquetra Schweidw., Allg. Gartenzeitung 7: 146, 1839.

Ety.: From ian ae niques, “three- angled,” referring to the peduncle.

Syn.: M Mi data Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 15: Misc. 109, 1868.

Ety.: From the Latin longicaudatus, “long-tailed,” ref erring to the sepaline tails.

Syn.: Masdevallia albida Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 15: Misc. 109, 1868.

Ety.: From the Latin albidus, “white,” referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia aristata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orch. Nov. 1: 30, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin aristatus, “aristate,”’ referring to the tails.

Syn.: Masdevallia ss aabiekisien purpurea R: Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 20: 460, 1883.

Ety.: From the Latin purpureus, “‘purple,” referring to a color-form of the species.

Syn.: Masdevallia forgetiana ence Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 18: 484, 1895.

Ety.: At the request of F. Sander, named in honor of Mr. Forget, who collected this species.

Syn.: Masdevallia infracta var. aristata (Batb.Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 328, 1896.

Plant medium in size, sage pr caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-3 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrow. narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 8-18 cm

long including the petiole 1-3 cm long, 1 iE 5-2 4 cm wide, the base narrowly c cuneate into the petiole.

Inflorescence ac congeste ted, y fe g, borne by a relatively

slender, d to triquet: , 9-16cm paca with : a bract at the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbricating, fugacious, 7-20 mm long; pedicels | wie mm long; ovary 5-6

mm long; sepals white to yellow, see suffused purp entirely

extemally, cellular-glandular to pubescent within, the dorsal po oblong-obovate, | a 17 mm long, 7-10

mm wide, connate t to the lateral | sepals for 11- 13 mm to fonn a campanulate, sli ges foe’

erect tail 3-4 cm rics

broadly ovate, ——- obtuse, 10-13 mm long, cc connate to each other for 10-14 m mm m into a lamina 18-20

mm wi

f the fi rti ition, d int J slender tails 23 om long petal white,

oblong, 5-7 mm a 1.5-2 mm wide, , with a low h halves

the more or less truncate apex 1- to 3-lobulate; jelow to ot flecked with purple or brown, ob-

long-subpandurate, 6-7 mm long, 2-2.25 mm wide, with marginal fol ds slightly above eo middle, the

epichile ovate, subverrucose, subtruncate s apiculate, revolute, the

—— the disc shallowly channeled, the base subcordate, hi d beneath; column light greenish,

emiterete, 5-6 mm long, the foot 4mm se with an incurved extension.

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Organ octane, without

collection data, Gardner 647 (Holotype:

P, W); Organ Sapeeny without calieation data, 7

Miers s.n. (K); Organ Mountains, Pedro Bonita

Lycea, Nov. 1836, ae 254 (K); near Rio de

Janeiro, a 1842, Capt. Wilkes s.n. (AMES);

Organ tains, June 1887, J.T. de Moura 61 (BR);

Tiesesedeie. Feb. 1888, J.T. de Moura 101 (BR);

Cantagallo, 1844, M. Riedel s.n. (W); Rio Macahé,

1845, * pat 15 (W); Petropolis, 1 1859-60, Wawra

& Maly 403 (W); “‘Rio,” 1888, A. Glaziou ia

»P); "Rio, ”* 1892, A. Glaziou 19884 (K, P); Se

dos Orgaos, Pi cade. do Rancho Frio, alt. 1200,

Aug. 1940, A.C. Brade 16754 (RB); Theres6polis,

ne Guarani, 12 Jan. 1949, Rizzini 399 (RB); bet-

eresOpolis and Petrépolis, 15 Nov. 1965,

PIS. Braga 1754 (RB); near Rio de Janeiro, 1838-

1842, Capt. Wilkes s.n. (AMES); Corcovado, alt. 530

m,7 Dec. 1913, P. Dusén 14347 es meh Petré-

polis, Araras, Vale das Videiras, alt. 950-1200 m, 6

Jan. 1974, D. Sucre et al. 10593 (RB, ie Araras,

102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 46. Masdevallia infracta

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 103

1000-1400 m, 6 Dec. 1956, E. Pereira 2107 (RB, RJ); Alfredo Chaves, Vila Sao Bento de Uranio, alt.

1000 m, 5 May 1982, G. Martinelli & R. Kautsky 8123 RB). _Guanabara: Mata do Sumaré, alt. es

25 1967, D. Sucre 1745 (RB, RJ). Minas

Descutilé s.n. (hol of M. tridentata ntata: K); near Alto Macahé, M.D Descourtilz s.n. (holotype of

aurantiaca: K); Serra de Caldas, 16 Oct. 1864, ro cage lil 1131 edad of var. slew nage P Pk

Serra do Gongo Soco, Rio Agua Limpa 16 Oct. 19 G); Fazenda

Rio do Peixe, 21 Jan. 1969, Y Gomer thn vam pcp ati Morro Grande, 2 Sep 193 1953, G.

oe 233 (RJ); Cerro Azul, Rio Turvo, 5 Oct. 1977 » G. Hatschb h 40323 Northem Bra.

collected by Mr. i Sander & Co., obtained from F. Sander & Co. and culti-

roldat tind te eee Moore, presented to K, Mr. Forget s.n. (K, a yellow form of M. infracta fide

0; 5

BOLIVIA: Chuquisaca: San Juén, alt. 3,200 ft., R.S. Williams 230 (NY).

This species is relatively frequent in much of the mountainous areas of southern

Brazil where numerous forms in color and size are found. The flowers are usually a

tint or shade of purple, and a yellow form was described by Kranzlin as M. forget-

tana. One of the earliest in the genus to be named, it was first described from the

Organ Mountains of Brazil by Lindley in 1833. Identifications of this species from

Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas are erroneous. Outside of

Brazil it is known only from a single collection from southem Bolivia.

Vegetatively, the plants are inseparable from the majority of medium-sized spe-

cies. The peduncle is usually triquetrous and nearly or barely as long as the leaf.

Often a peduncle is triquetrous below the middle, gradually becoming round in

cross section toward the raceme. The sepaline tube is more or less laterally com-

pressed and suborbicular with a prominent constriction below, just distal to the

mentum. The petals are oblong with longitudinal thickening along both halves.

The lip is divided by a pair of marginal folds into a subverrucose epichile and an

oblong hypochile.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

VATE IER

SE lati Giliz: ake ;

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Masdevallia isos Luer, Phytologia 42: rll 1979,

Ety.: From the eg isos, ‘‘equal, sim

others in the secti

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse

Rami stout, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3

loose, pepe sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coria- ;

11 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1- fo

2cm ha the blade elliptical to obovate, the apex

‘o obtuse, 1.5-1.8 cm wide, gradually nar-

to the channeled base. Inflorescence

single flower or 2 flowers simultaneously in a con-

gested raceme, b bome by a stout, triquetrous peduncle

4-

long, the base of a

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular. , imbricating, 10-13

mm long; pedicel L1- 18 mm long; ovary 3 mm long;

the dorsal sepal yellow, obovate, 10-13 m mm mm long, ng, 6

lateral

wide, connate to the

ras a cylindrical tube, the free

ee externally, connate 10- 13 mm, owen a

syns 13-17 mm long, 13- ne mm wide, forming

shall ions

Ow,

porti

contracted into slender sik tails 4-7 mm long:

ly , ob

3mm wide, with | oblique marginal folds above the

middle,

‘ sulcate between the folds, the

a ee truncate, hinged on the end;

colum with purple margins, semiterete, 6

mm viele ths stout foot 2 mm long with a short,

ed extensi

BOLIVIA: “ti Cruz: between Samaipata and

Vera Cruz 1000 m, Aug. 1977, collected by

Helen Kuhn, culivensdac T&T Cabs, ee

11 Mar. 1978, Cc. Luer 2793 (Holotype: SEL). La

Paz: Inquisivi,

and Inquisi svi, alt. 2200 m, 28 Jn. 1981, C. Luer, J.

Luer & R. Vésquez 5779 (SEL); same ‘collection

cultivated at Colomborquideas, 20 Apr. 1988, €.

Luer 13266 (MO).

This little species is endemic in central

Bolivia. It is most similar to the frequent

and variable M. bicolor-complex, but it is

distinguished from the latter by propor-

tionately short tails of the lateral sepals,

petals with a conical callus at the base, and

a lip with a round, microscopically papil-

lose epichile that is slightly wider than the

hypochile.

.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

106

1SOS

Plate 49,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 107

Masdevallia kuhniorum — ge sagt posh — pe as nivapnsean

Ety.: Named for Mr. and Mrs

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

sheaths. Leaf

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate, 8-16 cm long

—— an indistinct petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade clliptical-obovate, 1,5-2.8 cm wide, obtuse to

rounded at the © apex, gradually Inflorescence a congested,

successively few-flowered raceme, bome by by a stout , suberect, iq p le 8-16 cm long, up to 5

mm above, with ab ‘i’ . Ln 11 ; imbricating,

8-10 mm long; pedic cel 5 97 neyra ry 4-6 1 £ aies £1, = eh. 1 1

green, oblong-obovate, mingtly subverrucose within, 15. mm mee, 8 mm wide, co ‘connate to the lateral

ayes for I mm to form a broad, cy

25 mm long, the lat ch th ins externally,

verrucose within, onate 25 mum ito bred ovate, bid anna, 30.37 mm lng, 15-22 wide, Forming

a broad,

white, dotted with purple, oblong, | 4 mm long, 3. 51 mm wide, the apex truncate, shortly tridentate, the

labe ith alo

yellow, marked with purple, obilong- subpandurate, 8-9 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, with oblique, obtuse,

the apex rounded, verrucose, with

the base truncate, hinged below; column gree, with purple margins, semiterete, 6-7 mm long, the foot 4

mm long with a short, incurved ext

PERU: Huanuco: epiphytic between Tingo Maria

and Pucallpa, alt. 1100 m, collected by Janet Kuhn et

al., Mar. 1975, cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton,

ctl tiv

Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13279 (MO); epiphytic along

banks of Rio Huallaga, alt. 750 m, 10 Aug. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer, W. Kéniger, H. Kéniger, E. Verdstegui

& M. Arias 5324 (SEL).

This coarse species is relatively fre-

quent in the forests at a moderately low

altitude in central Peru where it is appar-

ently endemic. Growing within the area

where Poeppig collected, no doubt he

found this species, but many of his collec-

tions were lost on their journey back to

urope.

Masdevallia kuhniorum is character-

ized by large, thickly coriaceous leaves

and a stout, triquetrous peduncle, a combi-

nation of features that applies to many

species in the subsection. The relatively

large, purplish flower is fleshy, reminis-

cent of the Ecuadorian M. angulata. The

tail-like apices of the lateral sepals are thickly and narrowly triangular. The lip is

large and thick with obtuse marginal folds above the middle, and the obtuse apex is

verrucose.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

108

ele

fe

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 109

Masdevallia lenae Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 6: 87, 1991.

im Named in honor of Lena Amby of Falun, Sweden, co-collector of this species.

yn.: Masdevallia gracilior Kéniger & J.Portilla, Arcula 4: 99, 1995.

os From the Latin gracilior, “more slender,” referring to the peduncle.

medium in size, epiphytic, ee Risser Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm long,

cased = 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf ere rect, coriaceous, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 7-9 cm

long including an indistinct petiole 5 5-2 cm bigs i: n15- ‘i 8 cm wide, narrowed below i into the base. In-

a a rect, triquetrous

peduncle 10-11 cm long, 0.8 mm thick, 5 spotted with purple, with a bract at the Sia from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 6 mm long; pedicel 4-7 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals

, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, the blade 5-6 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 2. 5 mm to form a short, cylindrical tube, the apex acute, acuminate into a slender,

esa paleo geet , the lateral sepals connate connate 10 mm into an ovate leenina, 11 mm long, 11

lender tails 13-15 mm long, similar to that

ofthe dorsal sepal; petals white, o oblong, Sam loag, | 1 mm wide, pe i ae

labell an indi narrowly ob-

long -pandurate, pp iat met wide, the sid dulat: iddl inal folds just

above the middle, the epichile elliptical, acute, minutely Secu rosie the disc : longitudinally

channeled, the hypochile oblong with a pair of low,

ded calli just proximal to the marginal folds, the

base ruboordate, hinged beneath; column white,

semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, with an

ie

incurv:

ECUADOR: oe epiphytic in wet

forest north of G . 1990,

S. Dalstrém & L. Arnby 1463 Giolype MO), C

Luer illustr. 14784; Cordillera del Cutuci, alt. 800 m,

Aug. 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4350 aa Canton

— alt. 600 m, collected by J. Portilla, flowered

unich, Germany, without date, by W. Kéniger

WK: -50 (holotype of M. gracilior: M: clonotypes: K,

A).

>

This species was first discovered ng

Alexander and Ximena Co:

lera del Cutuci, and again the following

Spring in a nearby forest by Stig and Lena

Dalstrém. Superficially, M. lenae resem-

bles the “‘round-stemmed”’ M. mayaycu

from the Cordillera del Condor.

Vegetatively, M. lenae is not remark-

able, but the inflorescence is distinctive.

The congested, successively flowered

raceme is borne by a very slender, trique-

trous peduncle that bends with the weight

of the small, dark purple flower that is

reminiscent of the Peruvian M. cardiantha

The sepaline tube is short and the sepaline

tails are very slender and recurved. The

petal is indistinctly callous along the label-

lar margin. The configuration of the lip

varies from the “standard” for the subsec-

tion with the undulate margin near the

middle below the marginal folds, and a

pair of rounded calli on the hypochile near

the middle. Plate 51. Masdevallia lenae

110

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 111

Masdevallia lintricula Koniger, Die Orchidee 37: 106, 1986.

Ety.: From the Latin lintricula, “a little boat,” referring to the ee synsepal.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narro polemic mit ie to obtuse,

5-15 cm lon g including the petiole 1-4 cm long, 1.73 em wide, “the base narrow spe gi a 8

tiole. Inflorescen nce a sing 2 ong or longer,

th E Joncle stout. wobec isd ding, igus, 51 om cm long,

with a bract at the base, f 1; floral bract 6-10 mm long, i ig; E 8

mm long; ovary 4-5 mm qin sepals iid fleshy,

dark the dorsal sepal

purple-brown, ve

ovate, 25- 32 ‘mm long, 9 mm wide, connate to the

rical, sepa- f

line tube, the subacute apex ciate gradually ny

contracted into an antrorse tail ca. 15 mm long, the | 2 fa i

lateral sepals connate 22-30 mm into a suborbicular,

bifid, concave lamina 24-33 mm long, 18-22 mm’

wide expanded, the apices obtuse, contracted into

tails 1-3 mm long; petals ivory, diffusely dotted with

purple, cartilaginous, oblong, obtuse, shortly apicu

late, 7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, with a low, eagle

beneath;

white with the edge agp semiterete, 7 mm long,

= foot thick, 4 mm long, with a short, incurved

xtension

ee Amazonas: Mendoza, near Omia,

pele M); same collection, cultivated by W.

K6niger in Munich, Germany, 29 Aug. 1984, C. Luer

(MO).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud

forest, Cordillera del Condor, alt. 1500 m, 18 Feb.

1986, C. Luer, J. —— A. Hirtz, W. F lores & A.

Embree 11906 (MO); Co del i, collected

ortilla, inate at Uzhupud, Gualaceo, 15

hag 1986, C. Luer 11792 (MO).

This species, found uncommonly in

southeastern Ecuador and neighboring

Peru, is distinguished by the descending

peduncle, similar to that of M. descendens.

If the peduncle is in an erect position, the

rachis will curve downward. —

the petiole of the leaves is longer than

of most other related species.

The flower is rigidly fleshy with the

tail of the dorsal sepal curving forward

- the warty surfaces of the connate

al sepals. The apices of the synsepal

are spit and contracted into very short

tails. The petals are oblong with the longi-

tudinal callus ending in an erect, conical

projection. The epichile of the lip is spicu-

late-verrucose. Plate 53. Masdevallia lintricula

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

112

ieee cd,

Ben eect) taken

h in gdNs & acy

4 nat, « Or *

CRN ep

a oe

’

Ber,

“J

<1 oe nn

Plate 54. Masdevallia lintricula

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 113

si oe maculata cgsaae ~ H. Karst., Allg. Gartenzeitung 15: 330, 1847.

rom the Latin maculatus, ‘

sy: Masti maculata var. pie ni ex Sti, Orchideeab. 335, ib a

ize to large, epiphytic tout, erect, 2-5 cm

Saciiy Sivacaemen Leaf erect, y coriaceous scones 15 cor king ctndkag tao pate

1-2 cm ae the blade elliptical to narrowly eons vane to obtuse, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a ee papers’ several-

flowered raceme 2-5 cm cm long, bome by an erect, triquetrous peduncle 12 -18 cm long, with a basal bract,

the base , imbricating, 18-20 mm long; Liab 20-22 mm

long; ovary triquetrous, — mm Jong; sepals ye or orange, to yellow suffused with purple toward the

bases, microscopically ve se within, the blade of the dorsal oaal obovate. 17-18 mm long, 9 mm

wide, connate to the lateral 1 sepals for 12m mm to —_ a funnel-shaped, sepaline tube, the sv subacute apex

ra cm lon ong, £,

an ovate synsepal 25-27 mm long, 18 mm wide, defiened beyond the sepaline tube tube, with an acute, bifid

apex, the tails approximate, slender, green, sometimes crosse sed, ca. 22 mm \ long; petals v white, , oblong -

ovate, 6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, th blique, acute

white, diffusely dotted with purple, oblong-subpandurate,¢ 6. 5 mm mag 2.5mm wide, sr h minately

spiculate obtuse to acute,

poodle oblong, truncate, ee below; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the So 3 mm rai

with a short, incurved ext

VENEZUELA: Distrito Federal: ‘‘Silla”’ near

Caracas, alt. 8,000 ft., cultivated by Herr Reinecke

for Herr Decker in Berlin, 1847, H. Wagener 572

olotype: W; Isotype: K); near Caracas, H. Wagen-

er 349 (W); Cacneas, Galigran, alt. 5,000 ft., June

1946, L. Schlim 13 (K). Aragua: near Colonia

Tovar, Moritz (W); near Colonia Tovar, 1854, Fen-

to , alt.

J. Renz 9521 (BAS); near Colonia Tovar, alt. 2000 m,

6 Dec. 1956, J. Renz 8806 (BAS); Portachuelo,

—— = 1300-1500 m, 10 May 1966, J.A. Steyer-

82 (VEN). Carabobo: alt. 5,000 ft., 1846,

L. Schlin 578 (BR, G, K, W). Lara: soba de Rio

1500 m, Jeuw 1976, G.C.K. Dunsterville

2,J5A.S

G.CE. Ducemney ithe pole 6 pian between El

Limén and El Junquito, = haa ft., 1961, G.C.K.

Dunsterville s.n. (VEN). W: out data, cultivated

ws . Koniger, 20 May 1980, Cc. Luer ee (SEL).

etersburg,

iien as forma lutea, ac ge LE). livin

This species was first discovered near Caracas by Hermann Wagener, and living

plants were sent to Europe where at least one flowered in the collection of Herr

Decker in Berlin in 1847. It was described as M. maculata by Klotzsch and Kar-

sten, the specific epithet referring to a “large spot” toward the base of the sepaline

Although the yellowish sepaline tube is often suffused with purple at the base,

no distinct “snot” has been seen or recorded by any other author.

Masdevallia prepay is restricted to the coastal mountain range of Venezuela.

It is variable in size, and variable in the relative lengths of the peduncle, and in the

size and color of th the flowers. The peduncles are longer or shorter than the leaves.

The color of the flowers varies from yellow to orange with some suffusion with

purple on the laterals. The sepaline tube is relatively short and more or less caged

shaped with the blade of the synsepal rather acutely deflexed beyond the tube.

sepals are deeply connate with the apices and short tails in apposition.

114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 115

eee martineae Luer, Harvard Papers in Botany 2: ~~ 1997.

Ety.: N lint of Martine Cl f Hasselt, Belgium, i this speci

Plant medium i I Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-

3 thin, tubular sheaths. Lea exec thickly coracous,ptlat, 7-8 om ng ining the petiole ca. 2

cm long, the blade obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.5 cm wide in the dry state, t the base gradually narrowed

below inte tip pots tiole. Infl sive, congested

racem duncle erect, stout, sharply triquetrous, 75 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts

tubular, nie ed, ahaa ie tral pedicels 8 mm long; ovary 3 mm mm long; sepals

fleshy, yellow-green, pee purple, glabrous, th e dorsal sepal ovate, 10 mm long, 8.5 mm wide,

connate to the late: tube, th bacute, thickened into a

en! =

semiterete tail ca. Sxmloeg, 2.2 mm thick, the lateral sepals ovat, , subacute, 10 mm long, 8 mm

tails

7 connate 7 mm into a deep, thick 5

mm long; petals white, oblong, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with the apex rounded, slightly trilobulate, the

labellar half slightly thickened retrorse callus at the base; lip oblong-

pandurate, with acute, protruding, seneinal folds above the midale, 8mm long, 4mm W

triangular, subacute, with recurved margins, the long, spotted with ly

channeled, the base truncate, hinged on nee semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot

led,

3 mm long, with a short, incurved extensi

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yun

alt. ca. 2000 m, Aug. 1995, cultiv sd sa Teaco It, et

Belgium, _ 1996, P. Cloes & M. Cloes 85/95037 : ee

(Holotype: MO). ff

Among the members of this subsec-

tion, M. martineae is most closely related

to the numerous taxa grouped together

presently under the name M. bicolor.

Although similar in habit, it is distin-

guished from the latter by the yellow-

green flowers striped in purple, a longer

sepaline tube with the lateral sepals sub-

acute and free beyond a relatively deep

secondary mentum. They are not connate

into a broad synsepal beyond the tube.

The petals are narrowly oblong. The

lateral folds of the lip protrude beyond the

margins, and the epichile is triangular

without verrucosities.

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 117

Masdevallia martiniana Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 65: 108, 1998.

vc. XI. a3. PY Pore ee a : collector of this species . species.

Plant medium in si pi ts fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 10-15 cm long, 2-2.5 cm

wide, gradually. narrowed below into the petiole. I ery

flowers, b Dome 20-25 ] ith at the b f ramicaul;

oral bracts jmbeicating, 10 mm long; pedicel 10 - ls light gla-

brous, the dorsal nee heen. cai ery mm vie oot rasp fr 12 mm to

nulate, sepaline tt int 8 slender, erect, green ta tail ca. resi

mm long, the lateral sepals light

nate 33 mm into an oblong, bifid eee eptseis 20-23 mm wide, aon tagmbasrne acto

acute; petals green, cartilaginous s, oblong, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, nice eo piers lamar dese

low, above the base;

dull white covered with minute iy a dots, oblong- -subpandurate, 7 | mm long, 31 mm wide, bore

cose, the e base thick, subcordate hi 2

a Deceit : om

a 1 4. eh Jes

. rounded, convex, gore. verm

5mm long,

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: Lago Imuya, ee

tree overhanging the water, alt. 230 m, Aug. 1995,

collected by Martin and Juan del Hierro, cultivated f

by Juan del Hierro in Quito, 15 Feb. 1998, C. Luer A

18702 (Holotype: — Napo: Aguarico, Reserva < e. }

Etnica Huaorani, near Rio Yasani, alt. 230 m, 19 ‘ Neo

Mar. 1994, Milton Aulestia 1887 (MO, QCNE); —

é Naci

Parqué ional Yasuni, lagunas de Garza Cocha, f

alt. 200 m, 22 Sept. 1988, C.E. Cerén & N. Gallo \

4940 (MO, QCNE). aN »

This species occurs in the hot lowlands ey

of Amazonian Ecuador, usually found we me

growing on limbs of trees overhanging 2

water. Among the species of the subsec- a a

tion, this species is distinguished by the :

large, light green flowers with a pale rose j

suffusion on the deeply connate synsepal. \

The apices are triangular and acute, "EL ee

me The petals are oblong. The ¥ \

subpandurate with a pair of folds just |

within the margins at the constriction ;

above the middle. The apex is rounded, S

convex, and minutely verrucose. ;

Masdevallia martiniana is superficially

similar to M. vargasii, found in the lowlands of Ecuador to Bolivia and Brazil, but

not at the very low altitude of less than 300 meters above sea level. The latter is

distinguished by short, sepaline tails and a proportionately larger, non-pandurate lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

118

Plate 57. Masdevallia martiniana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 119

Masdevallia mascarata Luer & dew yar — 2: 6, 1992.

Ety.: From the Greek maskaratos, “masked, the confusing identity.

Ii t dium in si ze, epiphytic, it ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 0.5-

eee enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, co riaceous, subpetiolate, 3-7.5 cm long

including the petiole 0.5-1.5 nats the blade narrowly ciptcal,subscate, 0.8-1, .5 cm wide, the base

narrowly cuneate into the y +E ely in a loose, few-

flowered raceme, bore by a suberect h ntal, triq pedi , up to 5 cm |

including peduncle 1.5-3 cm long, th a bract at the base, from the f icaul; floral bract 5

7 mm long; pedicel 7 1 y 2-3.5 1 als yellow, mi pically sparsely pubes-

cent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, 7-8 mm long, 4-6 mm wide te to the lateral sepals for 4.5-6

mm to form a short, sepaline tube, the > apex broadly obtuse, contac into a rec sot, yellow tai 12

23m m long, the lateral with

red-purple extemally, 12-20 mm long, connate 10-17 mm into an ovate, bifid lamina 10-16 mm aaa ry the

apices acute, ils 6-9 mm long; petals yellow, oblong, 5-6 mm

lon, g, 1.5 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, obscure bilobulate, g y

llow, d ieliveik thar elounanas

S mm long, 15-225 mm wide, th oblique marginal folds above the middle, the apical portion broadly

ovate, obtuse, minutely d he | portion oblong, the disc st Howly channeled,

the base truncate J a An flat, bq) . a of, the end, hinged b itis

column yellow, stout, semiterete, ig area with a foot 2-3 mm long including a short extension

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: epiphytic in moist forest

south of Yapacani, alt. 650 m, 7 Sept. 1991, C. Luer,

J. Luer, L. Moreno & D. Ric 15402 ition MO;

— AMES, LPB); near Santa Cruz without

s ocality, collected by L. Moreno, cultivated

by cae Orchids, Cincinnati, OH, culti

Hoosier Orchids, Indianapolis, IN, July 1991, C. Luer

15506 (MO).

This species occurs in the warm, moist

lowlands of central Bolivia. Although it

appears deceptively similar to M. zahl-

bruckneri, known to occur farther west in

central Bolivia, it is more similar to M.

sanctae-fidei, known only from the lower

altitudes in the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia and adjacent Venezuela.

The most distinguishing feature of M.

mascarata is the very short, erect, trique-

trous peduncle. The greenish yellow, purple-dotted flowers are superficially si

to those of M. zahlbruckneri of subgenus Masdevallia which are borne by a more or

less creeping, terete peduncle.

The petals of M. mascarata are longitudinally callous with a low, basal en

ing, and the lip is plicate above the middle. The callus of the petals of M. zant-

bruckneri end in retrorse processes, and the lip is oblong with a pair of low, longi-

tudinal carinae.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

a a

aw Pe

Plate 58. Masdevallia mascarata

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 121

Masdevallia medusa Luer & Escobar, despibirand 7: 72, 1982.

Ety.: Nam ned for the numerous, long, & entang proj the congested

S atial Medusa

S

Plant beet -asiilcth caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-

3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 10-20 cm lon ee

the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2- 3 5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole.

up 7 cm long, ‘of 2-6 long-pedicellate flowers, bore

by a stout, triquetrous peduncle 18-40 cm long, with a b

imbricating, oblique, 10-18 mm long; pedicel 2-6.5 c cm long; ovary green, 3-angled, 4mm long; sepals

yellow to yellow-green, the 1

tion, , mana vermcose, the dorsal sepal ovate, 2, 12 mm long, 810mm nm wide, connate to the lateral sepals

for 5 gaping, sepaline cup,

subacute d de , orange e tail 3.5-5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong, ees

with rev volute margins, 12-15 mm sna 9- 10 mm wide, connate basally for 2-4 mm, the subacute apices

contracted into yellow-orange tails 2-5 cm long; petals white, 6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex

obtuse, minutely apiculate, the labellar ‘margin with a low, longitudinal c calls, more or less thicker

diffusel , oblong-subpandurate, 6.5 mm

long, 215 mm wide, CPs, ee 1¢ sari +h - 351 2 ig ass pich Lil ry : subacute, shortly

acumi with a keel beneath, min eo errucose, t bl te at the base, hinged

beneath; ee sal iia suffused with purple, semiterete, 6.5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with ; an

incurved

COLOMBIA: Boyaca: epiphytic in scrub cloud

forest, Paramo de la Rusia, alt. 3360 m, 1 June 1982,

C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 8025 (Holotype: 7

SEL; Isotype: JAUM); same area, 26 Aug. 1977, R. L

Escobar et al. 1840 (JAUM). “3 }

This robust species is locally abundant mT Mia

in a scrub cloud forest in the Eastern f

Cordillera of Colombia where it grows 2 7

intermixed with the superficially similar

M. sceptrum. Although the latter is rela- _, i

tively frequent and widely distributed in f “<

the Eastern Cordillera, M. medusa is wa —_—

apparently very limited in distribution,

known only from one small area of forest- ;

ed péramo where it was first discovered in £

1977 by Rodrigo Escobar.

Masdevallia medusa differs from M. ee

sceptrum in the considerably longer pedi- \ Teal

cels, and shortly connate sepals with more

or less revolute margins. The sepals of the

latter are connate into a sepaline tube and }

without revolute, free margins. The petals %

and lip of the two species are very similar.

> le

122 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 59. Masdevallia medusa

Se ee ee oe

i

4

,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 123

Masdevallia a — & Rchb.f, rari oe 2: 283, 1854.

Ety.: From the Greek me: dark yellow,” refering to the color of the

Syn.: Masdevallia asperrima eae” Notizbl. Bot. Gart. eae) Dahlem 8: 133, 1922.

Ety.: From the Latin asperrimus, “very asperate,” referring to the minutely verrucose

long, cacksed by 2-3 ci tubular sheaths. see aap pita 10-17 cm long including

iole 2-4 cm long, the blad ute to obtuse, 2-3 cm cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

the stout Si Inflorescence a pert 1-fl 5 cm |

bome by a slender, erect, triquetrous peduncle, 20-30 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 15-20 mm long; g edie 10-15 mm long; ovary 4mm log

sepals fleshy, rigid, the dorsal sepal ee or yellow-green, suffused with purple and microscopically

verrucose crc in, glabrous externally, t with

large, epiphytic Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2 cm

the

tail, 8 wide, connate ies eed nn for 6 mm to form a short, cling, epline tbe, the

lateral sepals dark ‘ purple, minute ly v errucose within, oblong lamina with

recurved side 5 mm long , 40 mm long, 2, 14 mm wide,

yellow and concave atthe bas; pense sy ‘oblong, 6mm long, 2mm wide, both halves longitudinal-

ly callous i with purple, thick, cartilaginous, 5.5

mm long. 2.5 mm wide, with e fold the middle, shallowly sulcate

erect, ‘fink verrucose, wly

between, i Se oblong with the seat : thick, rounded, ae verrucose, the hypochile oblong,

subtrunca beneath; column white with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm

long mas an cm extension.

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: near Oc

— alt. 5,000 ft., 1847, L. Schlim 1166 aie ti

ype: W); Aspisica, alt. 1600 m, 1851, L. Schlim

; Ocaiia,

S.n.

K Kaloreye 757 tole “of M. asperrima, destroyed

. Santander: near Alto de Santa Inés, alt. 2050

m, > May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo

7933 (SEL); same collection, cultivated at Colom-

borquideas, 29 Apr. 1984, ‘C. Luer rhogee agp

Boyaca: San aria, Macanal, Rio Bata

m, 15 Sept. 1960, H. Deeni ion 18 ee

een Sanare

El Volcan, alt. 1700 m, 17 Oct. 1958, J. Renz 9194>

AS); Parqué Nac. de Yacambi, alt. 1650 m, 8 Aug.

1970, J.A. Steyermark, G.C.K. Dunsterville etal.

104060 ; near Parqué Nac. Yacambi, alt. 1600

m, Aug. 1977, G.C.K. Cnmatersine: n. (VEN).

T4chira: without specific locality, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13282

rth of San Cristébal, alt. 1300 m, 2 Nov.

Cuevas Repressa, alt. 1100 m, 8 July 1983, Van Der

Werff & A. Gonzdles 5121 (MO, VEN). Without

Easton,

CT, 10 eoiage dope C. Luer 2141 (SEL).

This species is one of the many discoveries made during the voyage of Funck

and Schlim between 1846 and 1852. It is apparently endemic in the northern part of

the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and adjacent Venezuela. It is distinguished by

the thickly coriaceous leaves far exceeded in length by a slender, triquetrous pedun-

cle that bears a succession of rigidly fleshy, bilabiate flowers. From the short,

sepaline tube, the greenish h dorsal sepal ends in an erect, narrowly triangular, eat

suffused tail, while the dark purple, velvety (microscopically sonnet :

synsepal ends in a pair of acute, approximate apices. An erect, verrucose pair

fin-like callous folds demarcate the two halves of the thick lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

124

Tere

ELEREME KARA:

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 125

Masdevallia mezae Luer, bin goth 166, 1979.

Ety.: Named in honor of Jorge B. Meza Torres of Lima, Peru, who collected this species.

Syn.: Masdevallia rauhii Sengh. ppenahipnaoione se 192, 1979.

Ety. Named in honor of Dr. Werner Rauh of the Heidelberg Botanical Garden who collected this

species.

dium in si epiphytic, it: t Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-6.5 cm

long, ad ae rl Leaf erect, co riaceous, 9-20 cm long including the petiole

2-4 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 1.5-2.5 cm aa. ‘gradually narrowed below into the

indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a congested, se ti several- to many-flowered raceme

up to 8 cm long, 2-3 fl P bome by a slender, erect, triquetrous peduncle,

12-18 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the seats floral bracts tubular, imbricating, =

20 mm long; pedicel 15-25 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; — yellow-green, minutely dotted wi

purple, glabrous externally, minutely verrucose within, the rsal sepal elliptical, ca. 8 mm long, 6mn mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals fi ort na nical sepaline tube

lar, acute, contracted into a slender, erect, orangish tail 2. 5-3.5 cm long, the a sepals s oblong, ob-

lique, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate 6 mm, with the apices $ acute, contracted int to that

of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, subacute, 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, cc uadarintt ake

; lip white, dotted | with purple, oblong-

subpanduriform, 6 mm long, Le 5-2 mm niga: with obtuse, iddle, shallowly

e, obtuse with serrulate margins, with a central minutely verrucose

callus, the hypochile oblong, truncate, mace beneath; column Unga suffused with rose, semi-

terete, 5 mm long, the foot 2.5 mm long with an incurved extens

PERU: Amazonas: epiphytic between Chac!

‘omacochas, alt. 2000 m, Nov. 1974, scllacted

by J. Meza, cultivated by J & L Orchids, aig CT,

8 Nov. 1977, C. wer esy (Holotype: SEL); same

collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 Apr.

1988, CI Luer 13235 (MO); Pomacochas, near Inge-

nio, alt. 2000 m, W. Rauh 38601 (holotype of M.

rauhii: HEID; isotype: AMES); Bongara, near Poma-

cochas, alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1978, W. Kéniger, H.

Kéniger, B. Wiirstle, J. Meza et al. K-3e (K, M,

W, Herb. H. Kéniger); without locality, 10 Sty 1967,

D. Bennett 596 (SEL).

First discovered in 1967 by David

Bennett of Lima, Peru, and painted by

torelli, M. mezae was described from a

Plant collected and exported in 1974 by

Jorge Meza to J & L Orchids of Easton,

- Another collection by Dr. Werner

was described nearly simultaneously

as M. rauhii.

Masdevallia mezae is similar to M.

cinnamomea, but the former is distin-

guished by a continually flowering and

lengthening, congested raceme, sometimes

with two to three flowers open simultaneously, instead of only two to four nearly

simultaneous flowers. The smaller, shorter-tailed flowers of M. mezae are yellow-

green instead of diffusely dotted brown. The apices of the lateral sepals are acute

acuminate into tails. The longer lateral sepals of M. cinnamomea are gradually

attenuate without an apparent junction between blade and tail.

126 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 127

Masdevallia monogona K6niger, Die Orchidee 36: 82, 1985.

Ety.: From the Greek wees “s ae ”” referring to the cross section of the peduncle.

Plant medium i terrestri 0 epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

stout, erect, 2.5-4 cm long, enclosed i 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 8-16

cm long including the indistinct petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute,

1. 5-2 com wide, gradually narrowed below to the base. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-

le A 5

cm long, round in cros

the middle, to a singl scgiemtinal th Je, 4 mm deep near the

raceme, from low on the ramicaul; feel bons than abi, acuminate, | (518m naaine as pera

mm long; ovary 6-7 mm long; sepals fleshy, minutely Pp pal y

obovate, concave, 12mm long, 3mm te to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to fi

short, broad, 123

the lateral sepals yellow, suffused with pup above the middle, a 16 mm into a transverse

i mm long, 22 mm wi wide expanded, it oot, the

rounded apices d tail 16 mm a long; petals v white, oblong, 8 mm long, 2: mm

wide, the apex subtruncate, shallowly d

above the base i ina a rounded swelling; "ip white, say dotted w with red- “purple, oblong-subpandurate,

m long, 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse,

lightly verrucose, with revolute, minutely di Howly channeled, the base subcor-

date, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, pan i pea geile seg dae ag atte

extension.

ERU: Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, near Pom

cochas, alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1979, W. Kéniger, H.

a et al. K-28d (Holotype: W.

K6niger in Munich, Germany, 12 Sept. 1981, C.

age 6496 (SEL).

This rare species is known from a

single plant collected near Pomacochas by

the Kénigers in 1979. A division of the

plant was used as the parent of a seeding

population in cultivation. Florally M.

monogona agrees with subgenus Poly-

antha, but to which of the two sections is

questionable. The peduncle is neither

strongly triquetrous nor terete. Instead,

the short peduncle is round below the

middle, becoming sharply nap ge

one-angled above the middle o

al surface (the surface pean ae on

aligning it better with subsection Alati-

caules. The tails of the sepals are slightly

thickened toward the apex. The petals and

lip are basically similar to those of other

members of the subsection.

128 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 129

Masdevallia navicularis Garay & Dunst., ea eee Illustr. 6: 232, 1976.

Ety.: From the Latin navicularis, “boat-shaped,” to the shape of the synsepal.

Syn.: Masdevallia scapha Braas, Die Orchidee 33: cen ae

= From the Greek scaphe, “a boat,” referring to the shape of the =

t 1 epiphyti R tout, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm

PAs enclosed io 2-3 tubular sheaths. pe a erect Pastas coriaceous, 10-25 cm reat ‘including the pe-

tiole 2-4 cm long, the blade elliptical to narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 3-4.5 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiolate base. Inflorescence a congested, successively several- to many-flowered

raceme up to 10 cm long, borne by a suberect, tri triquet trous peduncle e 12-25 cm long, with a basal bract,

from near t imbricating, 10-15 mm long; pedicels 10-25 mm

long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals purple-browa, yellow spines the bases, thick, rigid, —a. rugose-

verrucose within, the dorsal sepal triangular-ov

of all 3 sepals connivent, ce dibihesnge long, 9 mm wide, de, conate basally tothe Iateral sepals for 5 mm to

1 30

Into a

mm long, 20-25 mm wide oe petals white, oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm eos the apex obtuse,

shallowly notched, the labellar half longitudinally callous; lip white, diffusely dotted with purple, ob-

long-subpandurate, 6.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, with erect marginal folds near the middle, the —

obovate, obtuse, minutely verrucose, shortly acuminate, keeled beneath, the h , truncate.

hinged below; column ia suffused with rose, semiterete, 6.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with 2 a

short, i ed ex

ENEZUELA: Tachira: epiphytic in cloud forest on

the Zumbador oad. alt. ca. 2000 m, R. Mejia C. s.n.

1974, collected by R. Mejia, cultivated at Colombor-

quideas, 14 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13232(MO).

This species was first discovered in the

cloud forests of southwestern Venezuela

by Roberto Mejia of Mérida, Venezuela,

and a flowering specimen was illustrated

by G.C.K. Dunsterville. Since that time

this species has become widely cultivated.

It has not yet been discovered in the adja-

cent mountains of Colombia, as have been

so a other species of Venezuelan

ids

orchids.

The comparatively large flowers are

produced successively in a gradually

lengthening raceme over a long period of

time, sometimes for over a year. The

purple-brown, tailless sepals are thick and

rigid, smooth on the outside, but densely

warty on the inside. Together the lateral

sepals form a concave, boat-shaped synsepal covered over by a narrower dorsal

sepal, with the apices of all three sepals connivent. Lateral windows are formed to

the interior of the flower, much in the same manner as the sepals of several species

of Pleurothallis and the genera Ophidion and Zootrophion.

mial Masdevallia navicularis was made by Kranzlin in his Monograph

of 1925 when referring to the original publication of Scaphosepalum naviculare in

1921. It was published as Scaphosepalum naviculare, not as Masdevallia navicu-

laris. This error led to the spurious publication of Masdevallia scapha.

130 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

~ SPSS ecc tit.

32 PECs

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 131

a norae Luer, —— 3: 44, 1988.

in honor of Nora Dunsterville, who with her husband, G.C.K. Dunsterville, contributed

Oh ti os our knowledge of the orchid flora of Venezuela.

Plant medium in size, ——. a roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 close. sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-14 cm long including the petiole

1.5-3 cm long, i eee eg ster 1.8-2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a congested, successively several-flowered raceme up to 1.5 cm long, bome by an erect,

ss, 0a 8-11 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts

cating, tubular, 5-8 mm long; pedic cel 5-8 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; ; Sepals dull olive green,

situecly dotted with purple within, essentially glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, 13 mm long, 8 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for {uae 6 fon 2 hosed oval ical, sepaline tube, the obtuse apex

contracted into a thick, dull yellow-orange, forwardly directed tail Se ee

ovate, oblique, 27 mm long, connate 17 mm to form a bifid lamina 15 mm wide, the apices green,

acute without forming tails; agape speckled with ee ie. eee the

truncate apex shallowly retuse, the labell lip dull

white, eee mais fate sy 7.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, th

folds, the epichile rounded with the ae aitioet nian caeneen Aenea sulcate, the

oblong, subtruncate, hinged beneath; column light green with a thin, purple margin, semiter-

ete, 6 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with an incurved extension.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: epiphytic in forest between

Perai Tepui and Rio Icabaru, alt. 500 m, collected

Mr. and Mrs. G.C.K. Dunsterville, cultivated at El f

Hatillo, 23 July 1982, C. Luer 8082 (Holotype: SEL), {

Chimanté-tepui, alt. 1000 m, 24 May 1953, J.A. < * }

Steyermark 75572 (AMES, F, NY); Rio Paramichi, ‘oe

Brazilian border, alt. 525 m, 4 Jan. 1962, J.A. 7

Steyermark 90574 (AMES, VEN); Parqué Nacional

i ith obliq xq

Yuruani and San I o de Yuruani, alt. 860 m, 9

Oct. 1984, S. Knapp & J. Mallet 6731 (Us). 7 q

COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Rio Loretoyacu, alt. ca. Sa <

200 m, 28 Jan.-7 Feb. 1969, T. Plowman, T. Lock- / }

wood, H. Kennedy & 0 (AMES). - j

This species is locally abundant in the rf _ AS

Amazonian lowlands of Venezuela and

Colombia, and most likely adjacent B

It was first discovered over thirty years ae

ago by G.C.K. and Nora Dunsterville. Law t

Dunsterville’s drawing in Venezuelan \ \

Orchids Illustrated was erroneously identi- {

fied as the Ecuadorian M. guttulata. &

Masdevallia norae belongs to a large

nian complex along with M. cuprea

and M. weberbaueri. From them M. norae

is distinguished by the nearly glabrous, larger, olive green flowers diffusely dotted

with purple within, giving the flowers a pinkish color; a proportionately short sepa-

line tube; and a proportionately longer tail of the dorsal sepal.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

132

Plate 64. Masdevallia norae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 133

Masdevallia obscurans Luer, oe Syst. Bot. 72: ee 1998.

Bas.: Masdevallia infracta Lindl. s subsp. obs curans Luer, Lindleyana 3: 37, 1988.

Ety.: From the Latin obscurans, “covering, darkening,” "aden to the darkly colored, incomplete-

ly ii flower.

medium in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2

cm long, Ae by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 6-13 cm

long including the petiole 1-3 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, the b Inflor-

escence a single flower borne successively i ina congested, many flowered raceme, 3 cm long or longer,

g length, th rect, sharply triquetrous, 5-12 cm long,

with a bract at the base, from 1 ow on the ramicaul; floral bracts a imbricating, fugacious, 10-12 mm

long; pedicels 20-25 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals cellular-glandular or cellular pubescent within,

the sepal yellow, suffused with red-brown, obovate, 15-17 mm long, 9 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for’ 8 mm to form a emma sepaline tube, the subacute apex contracted into a

thick, forwardly directed tail 20 mm long, green dorsally, yellow ventrally, the lateral sepals dark

below the middle, purple-black above the middle, ovate, oblique, subacute, 16-18 mm long, connate to

each ach other for 14 mm into a lamina 18-20 mm wide, forming a mentum with the column-foot below a

, yellow tails 11-12 mm long;

petals light y ellow, dotted with purple, oblong, obliquely apiculate at the truncate apex, 7 mm long, 2

mm wide, with a low, longitudinal callus on the labellar half; lip. light brown, spotted with dark brown,

mm long, 2-3. 5 mm wi wide, othe sddl th epichil vate,

subacute, revolute, the hypochile oblong, the base bilobed-retuse, ne Aes henssile column greenish

white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 4 mm long, with an incurved

BRAZIL: without locality, purchased by B. Wiirstle,

cultivated in Spielberg, Germany, 6 Oct. 1986, C.

— (Holotype: MO). Pernambuco: without

tivated at Orquidario Binot, Petré

lis, 30 Nov. 1989, C. Luer or 14305 (MO). slit

This taxon is closely allied to the

variable M. infracta, and it was initially

described as a subspecies of that species.

Although slight, the differences are suffi-

Cient to permit easy recognition.

As the successively flowered raceme

clongates, it becomes arcuate. The flow-

ers do not spread widely, the tail of the

dorsal sepal points forward, and the lateral

Sepals are more deeply connate. The

lateral sepals are colored a deep purple-

with a fine cellular pubescence. The

petals and lip are eae the same as

of M. infrac

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 65. Masdevallia obscurans

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 135

Masdevallia odontopetala Luer, Phytologia 39: 215, 1978.

Ety.: eer a toothed petal,” referring to the descending tooth at the base

Plant m to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2 cm

long, enclosed are -3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 7- 10.5 cm long including an indistinct

petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade — nant te, 1.2- 1. 8 cm wide, the base base cuneate into the

channeled petiole. Inflorescence congested, several- to man’

[attain mea, triquet va pense -30 cm long, with a bract at the base, from

the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts bracts tubular, more or less imbricating, 15- -18 mm long; pedicel 18-20 mm

ovate, 9

long; ovary 5 mm long; dorsal sepal yellow, tl pulp ly pubescent within,

mm long, 8 mm wi wide, connat Pi ls for 3-4 to f rti

abruptly 4 t a low-orange | tail 5-9 cm long:

acral oped dank pl ovate, oblique, 17 mm long, 17 mam wid taper aces ep a

w tails 3.5-6 cm

long; petals white, elliptical, sone hae Comer the obtuse apex Second wiloaao le

margin with a broadly near the middle and with a 1 mm long tooth at the base; lip

white, diffusely dotted with purple, chdeag- crate, et arcuate, 5.5 mm _— expanded, 2.25 mm

wide, with a pair of marginal folds near the middle, the epichile narrowly oblong, round, minutely papil-

ypochile oblong, truncate, hinged below; column green, semiterete, 4 mm long, with a slightly

longer foot with an incurved extension.

ECUADOR: irae -Santiago: epiphytic on

the eastern slopes o: alt.

1800 m, 1975, hat ara by B. Malo, cultivated at

Tarqui near Cuenca, 13 Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2564

(Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in cloud forest near San

Miguel, alt. apart m, collected by A. Andreetta

& M. Portilla, cultivated in Cuenca, 9 Aug. 1978, -

Luer 3176 (SEL); Valle de es near

1800 m, collected by A. Andreetta, Fe at

Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13656 (MO).

This uncommon species is apparently

endemic to the forested ante east of

Cuenca where it grows sympa

the superficially similar M. sic a

na. Vegetatively similar to most species

of the section, M. odontopetala is charac-

terized by a long-pedicellate raceme borne

by a slender peduncle that far exceeds the

leaves in length. Connate into a shallow

cup, the dorsal sepal is yellow externally

and mottled with purple within, and the

purple lateral sepals are expanded beyond

the cup. All three sepals terminate in long,

Slender tails. The petals are most unusual ; .

in the section with a long, descending, basal process. The lip is arcuate neatly 180

and borne by an elongated column-foot.

136 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 137

~~ omorenoi | Luer & Vasquez, Harvard Papers in Botany 2: 58, Lda

Cruz, Bolivia, who discovered this speci

Plant medium in size, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, indistinctly petiolate, 8-10 cm long including -e

ee jowly obovate, subacute to 1.5 cm wide, the base

ly narrowed below in' e a loose, successively few-flowered raceme 2-3 cm

— bome by a heii: suberect, triquetrous peduncle, 8-10 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral

, 8-10 mm long; pedicels 12 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal

aay yellow, the blade 7 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate

tube, the apex subacute, con! slender, gerade tek the lateral sepals heavi-

ly suffused with brown, connate 13 mm into a senor ovate lamina with a broad, shallow secondary

mentum, 15 mm long, 14 mm wide, the apices , contracted into slender, recurving

tails 20 mm long; petals wht with purple pts te apical margin, clog Sm ng, 15 am w wide,

with the apex rounded, shallowly retuse, the labellar |

callus above the base; lip diffusely st with 7 oblong -pandarate, with acute, marginal pe

above the middle, , 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wi p margins, t the disc

the dit disc, sinaaia, hinged on — end; column white, semiterete, 4.5 mm a the foot 2 mm long,

with a very short, incurved exten

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Alto Beni, forest near Mabidi, a |

alt. ca. 1500 m, Aug. 1989, collected by Oscar pa, }

M dsquez

MO), C. Luer illustr. 16393. : j

This species is apparently endemic in a

the lowlands of Amazonian Bolivia. It is os all

most closely related to M. sanciae fd an |

from Amazonian Colombia and Venez } ‘..

la, but it is distinguished from the as > S

the larger habit with a longer peduncle, a ' a

lax raceme, and flowers with a less widely oe el

expanded synsepal. Other details of the ee oa

Sepals, petals, and lip are very similar. In j Me onde S

common with M. sanctae-fidei the base of f >

the lip is inclined or slanted downward i ii ol

from the surface to the lower margin

where the hinge is located.

138 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 139

Masdevallia oscitans Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 72: 112, 1998.

Bas.: Masdevallia infracta Lindl. subsp. oscitans Luer , Lindleyana 3: 37, 1988.

Ety.: From the Latin oscitans, Peieiigex’ awning,” > referring to the widely patent flower.

Plant m t e. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-1.5

cm long, ca a 23 tubular ar sheaths, ry erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 8-9 cm

long including the petiole 1-2 om long, 1 1-2. 1 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole.

florescence congested -flowered raceme, 3 cm long or

longer, the pean s slender, erect, triquetrous, 10-16.5 cm n long, with a bract at the base, from low on

the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbricating, 12-15 mm long; pedicels 17-25 mm a“ a, 7 mm long;

sepals red-brown, smal pubescent within, the dorsal sepal cbowsto, 13 mm long, 8

a ea orange tail 4. 1.5 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, 15

mm long, 9 mm = a to each other for 6 mm, and forming a mentam Vv wih the column-foot

below a central cons dely be, the obtuse apices

sontaced inf slender tas ca. 3 em fog; petals yellow, ded with purple, oblong, oblong, bidentate-retuse, 6

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with a low, din labellar half; lip yellow, spotted with dark

_ oblong-pandurate, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, with 1 marginal folds above the middle, the epichile

rose, pip 5 mm long, the foot thick, 2.5 mm long, Vik atacereed cto

BRAZIL: without locality or collector, obtained by J

& L Orchids, Easton, CT, from George Verboonen,

cultivated 25 April 1987, C. Luer i vier

MO); without collection data, cultivated at Orqui-

dario Binot, 30 Nov. 1989, C. Luer 14506 ‘Qn0).

This taxon is closely allied to the

variable M. infracta, and it was initially

described as a subspecies of that species.

Although closely allied, the variation of

the sepals, the most important diagnostic

floral part of a Masdevallia, is so distinc-

tive that this taxon is readily recognized.

The dorsal sepal is connate to the later-

al sepals for no more than half its length

into a comparatively short, gaping, cylin-

drical tube, and the lateral sepals are

widely spread into a flat surface beyond

the sepaline tube. In all the other forms,

varieties, and drawings (e.g., Descourtilz) of M. infracta that have been examined,

the dorsal sepal is more deeply connate to the lateral sepals so that a deeply y cupped

sepaline tube is created. In addition, a slender peduncle longer than the leaves is

not usually seen in M. infracta, and the tail of the dorsal sepal is not as reflexed.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

i i eI A a i ay i i “ :

, F ‘ Ne ee Re aT Te ae Tes,

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 141

Masdevallia pastinata —_ Harvard papaed in Botany 2: : 538, 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin pastina prong: .” in allusion to

the deep rugae of the cctots sepals.

Di. . A. . = <. + L

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, sary pe 18-2 cm long, the vo sper

linear-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1- ‘1. lcm er

tiolate base. I 1 ively in a congested, long-pedicelate

raceme; fb SRO erect, sigs triquetrous, 12-13 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts

1 ar, imbricatin mm long, 5-6 mm wide; pedicels 4-5 cm long; ovary sepals

the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex subacute, contracted into a

slender tail 2 cm long, the lateral sepals dull sp externally, ovate , subacute, ca. 28 mm long, 9 mm

wide, connate 17 mm into a bifid synsepal with a broad, ply and coarsely ugose

within above the middle bes yellow-orange, below the middle with rose, the apices

aie, contracted into tails 78 mm \ long; petals oran ge, oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, with the

apex subacute, th lip orange,

oblong -pandurate, with acute, marginal folds above the middle, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, ‘the epichile

he acute, —— the hypochile oblong, narrowed 2 near | the middle, grow de channeled

ally, the base subcordat

semiterete, 5 mm long, shes 40009 das been, when enone eel

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Marsella, Quindio, collected

Omar Osorio, exhibited at the Cali orchid show,

cultivated 13 Mar. 1997, C. Luer 18425 (Holotype:

MO).

oe,

4

Wig

Among the members of subsection

Alaticaules, this species is distinguished . Nay

by the long, narrow leaves and a shorter,

slender peduncle. The raceme is congest- 2

ed and long-pedicellate. The tail of the g

dorsal sepal is longer than the blade, and io a

the tails of the lateral sepals are shorter f *~

than the blades. Within, the lateral sepals Pg oe:

are deeply and irregularly rugose, reminis- wel Pa

cent of M. empusa Luer and M. trochilus yi

Linden & André. The petals are oblong, ‘

subacute at the apex, and with a callus a a po

along the labellar margin. The lateral Li 3}

folds of the lip are acute and above the \

middle; the epichile is ovate, acute, and {

long-apiculate. &

142 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 143

—— apa Luer & Hitz, genre: 10: ie 1995.

y.: Named fo was collected.

small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicaul slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed

by 2-3 on tubular sheaths. eu ies 5-7.5 cm long including the petiole ca. 1 cm long,

the blade narrowly obovate, seesapdeebie 1- -l 2 cm wi

flower produced successivel ' by an erect, slender, triquetrous peduncle 10-

12 cm long, with a bract at the base, from low on th

long; ovary thick, 3-4 mm long; sepals —_ dull yellow, intensely suffused with red-purple, cellular-

verrucose within above the middle, the dors ie dae ll- -12 mm long, tary. cthaggaedegeen eb

ish tail 7 mm long the lateral 1 ibcarinat t lly, 14 mm long, connate 1

Sc rey beoad, ; sagen rm

o

, the broadly

mm ion waa a short, thick, incurved ex

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del

Condor, Patchicutza, alt. 1300 m, Mar. 1993, A. Hirtz

5934 (Holotype: MO).

This species is found at a relatively

low altitude in the Cordillera del Condor

in southeastern Ecuador, where it is appar-

ently endemic. It is allied to the large

complex of species related to M. cuprea

that rings the Amazon basin. It is distin-

guished from them by the longer peduncle

that far surpasses the leaf; a broad, sepa-

line cup with a prominent, secondary

mentum; well-developed but short, stout,

sepaline tails; and a lip with a smooth

epichile.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

its

3 cm

o

. nae o0e"

pene

Peat s/

-_—

ereend waa

~~

OV Seta ty Opreres

‘ “et Jay tte fee

psa epedl, OA,

Plate 70. Masdevallia patchicutzae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 145

Masdevallia phoenix Luer, Phytologia 39: 222, 1978.

Disat mani ‘7 size to larce. eniphvtic it

, epiphytic, caespitose; Ramicauls

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-15 cm long including the narrow, subpe-

ee ide, gradually into

by an erect, sharply a peduncle 17-32 cm long, with a besal beact, from near the base of a

ricating, 10 mm long, i 2mm

long; sepals dull greenish owe, heal spotted ith dark purple, the blade of the dorsal I obovate,

& , Saiied La

ey ee

ca. 18 mm long, 12 mm wide, the lateral to fi ubconical the obtuse

tk purpl . forwardly directed tail 4-5 em long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique

ca. 30 mm long, connate for 2 obtuse mentum, the

te, fi dly di cted, dark purple tails ca. 3 cm long, the surface

of each lateral sepal with 3 smooth lamellae which become 8g

white, marked with purple around the basal callus, oblong, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex rounded,

gi te, the labellar margin longitudinally thickened with a rounded callus at the base; lip greenish

white, spotted with dark purple, oblong, 9 mm long, Scam wile, the matgion STR nee

revolute, the apex subacute, denti -lacerate, recurved, with a small, central callus, the base

hinged below; ee meee semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot spotted with purple, 6 mm long ae

short, incurved ex:

PERU: Hudnuco: without locality, imported by Don

Ti 9 (Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in forests near

5 by 1 Arias

30 June 1981, cultivated in Munich, Germany, by W.

ne s.n. (K, M, MO, SEL, USM, W, Herb. H.

er).

The late Don Richardson of Greentree,

Manhasset, New York, first imported this

grotesque species from R. Stiimpfle of

Lima, Peru, in July 1976. The only collec-

tion data was Hudnuco. It remains an

uncommon species. Vegetatively, M

Phoenix is indistinguishable from the

majority of other species in the section.

The unique flowers, however, are not to be

mistaken for anything else. The purple-

spotted lateral sepals spread beyond the

short, sepaline cup, and all three forwardly

directed tails converge toward their tips, as

the beak of some bird-like monster.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

146

=,

msecay “Paap

a 7 a

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 147

Masdevallia pinocchio Luer & Andreetta, earn en te 39: 224, 1978.

Ety.: Named for Pinocchio, Lorenzini’s easinctiieins.:

Di. + ae

size to large it hi

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose me haa. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, petiolate, 7-12 cm long

petiok 2-4 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.9-2.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into

the channeled petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively several-flowered raceme mid to2cm

long, bome by an erect, triqu a 16-30 cm long, subtended by a tubular bract, from the base

stiineiouk tinal tance ane eles eng earn Sp Tee ovary 6-8

mm long; dorsal sepal bright yellow-orange, t minutely sui bvermicose, narrow: triangular, 27- 36 mm

long, 9-10 mm wide, connate basally w g th F orm a

widely sf to the acute ar ar 1 sepal: ge, suffused

* wn, in _ connate 12. 12 swe an es y P 197n.9* 1 ong, 15-

Recesen. sweat, laterally com ical he fi i

triangular, acute; petals yellow, pom si oblique, 6mm a 3mm wide, the truncate por ag ex ob-

scurely trilobed, » the upper margin in dilated below the middle, the labellar half longitudinally callous,

or leese ovoid wyithe

tal in the natural position, maroon, oblong, 8 mm long, SS am wide ‘he margins above the mile

flexibly | hinged pt cote ieee scanned, 7 mm long, the foot 4n mm long eee the

forwardly angled ext

: epiphytic in Valle de Quijos near

Rio Salado, - oa 1500 m, Jan. 1976, collected by

A. Andreetta & A. Hirtz, cultivated in Cuenca, 5 Feb.

1978, C. Luer 2461 (Holotype: SEL); Rio Salado, alt.

1300 m, 5 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 1941

(MO); same locality, Nov. 1991, A. Hirtz 5587 (MO).

Lien unique species is rare and ende-

in eastern central Ecuador at relatively

be altitudes. Prior to 1984, it had been

known from only the one plant collected

by A. Hirtz and Father Andreetta, but even

today after recent collections it remains a

rare plant. However, it has been success-

fully propagated by seed in cultivation.

Vegetatively similar to most other

species of the section, M. pinocchio is

distinguished by a congested long-pedi-

cellate, successively flowered raceme

borne by a peduncle that exceeds the

leaves. The flower is one of the most

distinctive of the genus. In the center of

es relatively large, yellow, gaping, bila-

a flower, the horizontally balanced, eo

Kish lip oscillates. The photo used for the frontispiece clearly shows the lip in

ad of position. A similarly balanced, passively motile lip occurs

in subgenus Masdevallia, especially in subsections Caudatae and Oscillantes.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

“Ses pees assem

— peste

ae

eee

= 19

Saas

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 149

Masdevallia portillae Luer & Andreetta, Selbyana 2: 378, 1978.

Ety.: Named in honor of Sr. Mario Portilla of Cuenca, Ecuador, who along with Padre Andreetta

discovered this species.

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long,

eas ri 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect se go coriaceous, 12-15 cm long including the

petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflor-

escence a congested raceme of large, successive, nutant | flowers, bome by a stout, « erect, triquetrous

e 14-18 cm long, 5 mm thick at the

bracts imbricating, subacute, broadly conduplicate, 14 mm ‘long, 7 mm broad; pedicel stout, 7-8 mm

long; ovary 7 mm long; dorsal sepal yellow, suffused with purple above the middle, narrowly ovate, 49

mm long including the green apex, 9 mm wide, connate io in SS ee eee eee

orwai gradually narrowed to the acute

apex: x; lateral sepals maroon, glabrous, connate 37 mm into anelipical, shorty bid, cymbiforn lamin

45 mm long, 24 mm wide, with the acute,

white , oblong, 9 mm mim lon; g. 3mm mm wide, Se siiaee ase et apiculate, te hair ba te

dinal, alate carina

oblong-subpandurate, 1! 10 mm m long, 4 mm W wile, f

re wd

ao

wate, obtuse, d sae, 3 pin,

late crests, the hypochile oblong wi with concave, heost angles, t

purple, semiterete, 6.5 mm long, the stout foot 4 mm long with a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud

forest, Valle de Cuyes near Bomboiza, alt. 1500-1800

m, Mar. 1978, collected by A. Andreetta & M. Portil-

vated in Cuenca, 18 Aug. 1978, C. Luer 3445

(Holotype: SEL); same collection, cultivated at

Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13635 (MO); between

Mendez and Limon, alt. 1000 m, cultivated by A.

Hirtz 4264 (MO).

This unusual species is rare and appar-

ently endemic in one area of southeastern

Ecuador, having been collected but a very

few times by Father Andreetta and Mario

Portilla. Vegetatively similar to other

species of the section, M. portillae is dis-

tinguished by the thick peduncle about as

long as the leaves. The large, rigid flower

is borne in a short-pedicellate, congested

raceme. The narrow dorsal sepal overlies

the broad, nonverrucose, cymbiform

Synsepal, which ends in a pair of short,

approximate tails. The callus of the petals

ends in a short, conical projection. The

folds at the middle of the lip are wing-like

and the epichile is densely spiculate.

150 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 151

Masdevallia posadae Luer & Escobar, Selbyana 7: 74, 1982.

vc. wT 2. E £r¢ Tes D, A. © AAAS Colombia, 1, Lk

reS Fe. = +

Syn.: Masdevallia sijmiana Kéniger, Arcula 3: 67, 1995.

Ety.: Named in honor of Antonius P. ‘Sijm of Venhuizen, The Netherlands, who cultivates this species.

Plant large, 5 base an roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-3 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheath: aoc, Sy ONE a ee ——

blad odes 8-3 ct wide, bel

neled petioh d to 7 cm Arclpotoniran!

erect, stout, ‘riquetrous peduncle 12 24 em long apto 3mm hick above with a bract at the base, from

low cating, 15-22 mm long; pedicels 17-25 mm long;

ovary 5-9 mm long; sepals fleshy, yellow to Sue lightly suffused with red-brown,

extemally, microscopically verrucose within, obovate, ae ues rerhayoedh 0 shear

sepals for 8-10 a cylindrical, sepaline tu

oo ascending to erect tail 5-7 cm long, the 1 uffused wit! coat 19-25 mm

orm a subquadrate synsepal 22-25 mm n long, 24-30 mm pen leas concave ne caeae eee

ao convexities along the veins, the apices obtuse, contracted into slender, descending tails 35.

5.5 cm long: pe petals white, oblong, 6.5-7 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, the apex obtuse, obscurely bilo-

wide, with prominent, obtuse, triangular, lobe-like, marginal folds near the middle, the disc shallowly

—_ medially, the epichile ovate with the apex acute, acuminate, minutely verrucose, the hypochile

it | reins, semiterete

is aren eek with a short, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: Nariiio: without specific locality,

collected by E. Acevedo, July 1977, cultiv.

& J. Posada at Colomborquideas, 21 July righ =

Luer 2936 i me 68 — Isotype: JAUM; c

type: K); s collection, cultivated at se err

quideas, 20 At rent 1988, C. > Luer 13292 (MO).

PERU: Junin: Chanc nee Huarango, alt. 900-

1200 m, collected by M. Arias, fl cultiva-

tion by A.P. Sijm in Teuton, The pape

1994, W. Kéniger WK-40 (holotype of M. sijmia

M; clonotypes: K, USM, Herb. H. K6niger); without

collection data, obtained from J. Meza T., cultivated

by Maduro’s Tropical Flowers in Cerro Punta,

Panama, 18 Nov. 1998, C. Luer 18978 (MO).

This handsome species is known from

two distant localities. It was first re

ly found in southern Colombia, and swe

in northern Peru. The sepals of some of

the Peruvian plants are slightly larger than

those of many of the Colombian plants,

but the dimensions overlap, and all other

details of the flowers of the two are the

same. Compare the two paintings by

Trechslin in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-4

and Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-20.

species is most closely related to M. trochilus. Say of

Vegetatively similar to other large species of the section with thickly c

obtuse, shortly petiolate leaves, M. posadae is characterized by the long, stout

peduncle that bears a subdense, successively large-flowered raceme. The flowers

are produced in rapid succession because a flower is often accompanied by a large

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

152

Ta

Fs

2

Bad

im

st

oe

%

Plate 74. Masdevallia posadae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 153

bud. The sepals are connate into a cylindrical tube. The dorsal sepal is orange,

suffused with brown, and the erect tail is also orange. The lateral sepals are deeply

connate into a dark purple, expanded synsepal that is coursed by thickened veins.

The obtuse apices are abruptly contracted into descending, yellow-green tails. The

petals are oblong, obtuse, and longitudinally callous on the lower half. The lip is

divided by obtuse, marginal folds into an ovate, acuminate epichile and an oblong

hypochile.

154 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Ld

5 cm

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 155

Masdevallia prosartema Kéniger, Die Orchidee 32: 68, 1981; emend. 36: 87, 1985.

Ety.: From a Greek prosartema, “‘a decorative pendant, a medallion,” referring to the appearance

of the flow

Plant larg <a caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2.5-4.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, pt rgd. baer © petiole 2-4 cm long, the

blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, , 2-3 cm

iole.

tn @ ,

petiole

erect, stout, triquetrous peduncle perms tm Vay cbocdateaaon: rohnert abn

ae ribbed, imbricating, conduplicate, 25- ders pores ecw ovary 6 mm long;

orsal sepal yellow, oblong, 12mm long, : 5 mm wide, connate to evtascnkoy Herprtaege

yar sepaline tu ube, the a P

saoviny talc 5 dnen Ling: Scent aepabauauace’ cat

connate 22 mm into a subcordate, Sellowiy concave lamin 24 mm esiphaes 22 mm wide, soaniieines

green tails ca. 15 mm ontracted

io slow ment wii coum x petal wi atlaginons, rte ong, 75a ong, 2 1-3

he apex d on the labellar half; lip white

cre doted with pul, subpandurate, 7 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the truncate apex yellow, minute-

lyv wilh shenply teflosed meee OS 1 fin-like apiculum, below

median constriction with a te base, hinged beneath; column greenish white suffused with

purple, 6mm long, the foot 3 mm long with an incurved extension.

PERU: Amazonas: Bongara, between Chachapoyas

and Pomacochas, alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1979, W. Kdnig-

er, H. Roniger, J. Meza ae R. Almenara K-21d

(Holotype: SEL; cl M); same collection,

cultivated by W. K6niger in Munich, Germany, May

1980, C. Luer 5284 (SEL); same collection, cultivat-

ed at Colomborquideas, 25 Apr. 1988. C. Luer 13304

(MO). Without collection data, cultivated by Lillian

i #53, in Cupertino, CA, 1990, C. Luer 14813

O).

This rare species was discovered by

K6niger et al. in 1979 in the department of

onas in northern Peru. Vegetatively,

M. prosartema is similar to most other

large species of the section, and it appears

to be most closely allied to M. trochilus.

The sepals are connate into a proportion-

ately short tube, and the synsepal is broad-

ly expanded below. Compared to M.

trochilus, the synsepal is only slightly

inflated above the middle. It is similarly

sulcate along the veins and longitudinally

convex between.

A large, rounded swelling terminates toot

the longitudinal callus of the petal. The lip is most distinctive with a narrowly

acute, fin-like apiculum.

156 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 157

wee oR receptrix Luer & vig pcan ae 54: 383, 1983.

From the Latin receptor, receptrix, “a receptor,’ to the concavity of the synsepal that

Bint cameraman apex of the ng

Plant ts coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-4.5 cm long,

enclosed by? 2-3 loose, ede cp Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-15 cm long including an indistinct

-3 cm long, the blade elliptical-oblong, 1.8-2.7 cm wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, gradual-

ly aandouesd below to the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a congested, successively oo

raceme, Suir bet a crac, casts, Sebamte ae 10-12 cm long, with a bract at the base,

base of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 15 mm long; pedicel 10-13 mm long; peg i

long; sepals rigidly fleshy, brown, yellow toward the base, carinate carinate, with the margins more or less revo-

— y, y pubescent within, pal ovate, 15 mm long, 10 mm

te to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to f pga po pex subacute, contracted

ip clavate, yellow tail 3.5 cm long, 2 hick in the distal half, the lateral sepals ovate ob

ee ovate, bifid lamina, 20 mm long, 30 mm wide expanded, forming a

Qs contracted into

denier, deocemliony tails ha peas ello log, en pomeiinn p ks

unequally bidentate, the labellar half wi : P

the base; lip tan, mated with dark brown, blong-pandurt arcuate, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with

oblique, obtuse with the disc io — the epichile slightly

verrucose, ovate, obtuse, deflexed, ahenati Gy: truncate, , hinged the end; column yellow,

terete, 5 m ion

BOLIVIA: La Paz: without eosiie id prob-

ably collected in the Sud Yi ungas by Dino Menato of

Chulumani, cultivated by B. Wiirstle in Spielberg,

Germany, Apr. 1982, C. Luer 8144 (Holotype: SEL);

Nor Yungas, epiphytic in cloud forest west of Coroi-

co, alt. 1800 es giana by R. Vasquez, C. & J.

Luer, 27 Jan Colom wes

Jan. 1984, R. Ecker 3108 Gla L); same collecti

cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 Apr. 1988, C

Luer 13230 (MO)

This species is rare and apparently

endemic in the Yungas of northern Boli-

via. It was first discovered by the late

Dino Menato, of Chulumani in the Sud

Yungas. Vegetatively similar to other

medium-sized plants of the section, M.

receptrix is distinguished by the brown,

widely spread flowers with more or less

recurved margins of the expanded synse-

pal with the erect tail of the dorsal sepal

thickened-clavate. The apex of the arcuate

lip fits into a conical cavity above the base

of the synsepal.

158 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 159

Masdevallia recurvata Luer & Dalstrém, oe 11: 182, hoy

Ety.: From the Latin recurvatus, “recurved,” referring to the sepaline tails

Plant medi size itose; root inde i aes Ub on

enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, aaa Leaf erect, coriaceous, subpetiolate, 7-9 cm long i

a petiole 1- 1-2 cm long, sesiekacok aegaaiee 1.2 2-1. 1.5 cm wide, ounce uaa ue

ae

petiole. o land nations te

erect, triquetrous peduncle 10-11 hin bract at the t the be

floral bract tubular, rerilecitons seer oe ee oasteskeaen bed eh orange

toward the base, the dorsal sepal o obovate, 10-21 saea lang, Sam wide at the junction with the lateral

sepals, connate to the lateral sepals fo:

se, contracted into a stout, momrved ul 16-19 ng, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 18

mm long, connate 14 mm int with the

column

-foot, the apices subacute, contracted into stout, recurved tails 7-8 mm long; 5 petals white, oblong,

1 the takall:

o

with the apex apiculate, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with 2 a low,

margin; lip oblong-subpandurate, . mm ‘long, 2.8 mm d t

overlaid with a borbicular efleed wih ured mari,

apex rounded, apiculate, the disc ith a pai f low, } gitudinal

the b 8 th; colum cok claeee Sark aes a

short, free extension.

ae ie ok

PERU: Without specific locality, imported amon;

rate of M. cinnamomea from M. Arias, 1995, culti-

ted in Halmstad, Sweden, by J. Sénnemark, S.

parade 2270 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr.

18565.

This species is uncommon and appar-

ently endemic, probably in the department

of Amazonas in northern Peru. The only

plant known grew from among the roots of

an imported plant of M. cinnamomea

cultivated by Jan S6nnemark in Halmstad,

Sweden

Vegetatively similar to other medium-

sized species of the section, M. recurvata

is distinguished by an orange and purple

flower produced successively in a subden-

sely flowered raceme held above the

leaves. The sepaline tails are relatively

thick and recurved, those of the lateral

sepals being much shorter than the tail of

the dorsal sepal. The petals are broad and

callous on the lower half. The marginal

folds of the lip are obtuse and wing-like.

The epichile is rounded and convex.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 161

as revoluta Kéniger, Arcula 2: 40, 1994.

Ety.: From the Latin revolutus, “revolute,” referring to the sides of the synsepal.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1,.5-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 9-11 cm long including the petiole

2-3 cm long, the blade gms subacute to obtuse, 2-2.3 om wide, narrowly cuneate cuneate below one the

een tee cea ery congested, successively

by aslen ding-e 1 rescue wa cee a be, wo

the cer floral bracts inflated, imbricating, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 5-7 mm long; ovary 5 mm long;

sepals fleshy, rigid, ao suffused and mottled with h peeple, the dexs tite iarape y

i semiterete tail

in wide, E 2) an erect,

teral 1s for 5 mm to f short cylindrical sepaline tube, ere

ier i rrucose within, connate 18 mm int g 27-30 mm long,

17. ihanwee, with recurved sides, bifid at th pex into subacute, tri si i 5 mm long

with a shallow concavity above a sh below the column-foot; petals gree h white,

oblong, 5.5 mm long, oy rene ae bell longitudinal callus ending smooth

rounded callus at the base, eke eget apiculate, seein ce

mm long, 2.75 mm wide, with flat, 1 fold d onto the epi

chile as Ses salcus th 1 2g midlin na ending at the

apex, the apex obtusely acut artery the hypochil te below the middle, continuous with the

sulcus above the middle, the base thick, trunc truncate, lowly cli hinged Dene; oun white smi

terete, ry eaten the foot thick, 3 mm long with an incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Valle del Rio

Ubano, Sucua, alt. 850 m, collected by J. Portilla,

Herb. H. K6niger); Ri o, alt. 200 m, collect-

ed by J. Portilla, 1995, 4 “Hints "6103 (MO), C. Luer

illustr. 17755.

This species occurs uncommonly in

lowland eastern Ecuador. It is distin-

guished by the slender, triquetrous pedun-

cle that far surpasses the coriaceous, ellip-

tical leaves. The raceme is very congest-

ed, several flowers being produced succes-

sively within a 5-millimeter-long rachis.

The sepals form a short tube with the tail

of the dorsal sepal thick, terete, and erect.

The synsepal is broad with recurved

margins, and with laterally deflexed, tri-

angular apices. The lip is arcuate and

broadly oblong with flat marginal folds.

The epichile is traversed with three paral-

lel carinae, and the apex is decurved,

obtuse, and abruptly . The floral

details differ considerably from those il-

lustrated for KGniger.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 163

Oe chardsoniana Luer, _— 3: 55, 1988.

Named in honor of the late Donald “Don Negus

y of the Masdevallia.

Plant medium in size, cues wight ret oat es roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 1-

1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. erect, cori a en ce denen a

ps ne ge "LS em ong, O81. 1 cm wide, he bine petnlly Saeed HO Se

tiole.

@ sUlLaly

wi at AN rete) peduncle, 2-4 om long, with a bract at the base, fm i here ol

-orange, suffused

bract 7-10 mm long; pedicel 11-12 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals flesh

with purple medially, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacue, ima ong 7 mum wide, connate 1

the lateral sepals fo or 5 mm to form a cylindrical sepal b ddle, the

ed, orange tail ca. 3 cm long, mae 1 te, acute. oblique. 20

i Bs « Pa : ith the ecalnmn-foot. the

mm long, 7 mm wide, cc connate to each

apices ilar to that of th dorsal sopl: petals white, 2, catilaginous, oblong, obtuse,

retuse, 8 mm long, 2 mm mm wide, with h a broad, | i labellar half

Liem above the base; lip brown, oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with marginal folds above the

middle, the disc shallowly channeled, the epichile ovate, obtuse, the hypochile oblong, truncate,

from beneath: column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with an incurved exten-

sion.

PERU: without locality, purchased from a collector

in Peru in 1983 by David Allison, cultivated by Ted

= QO);

acquisition, flowers larger, C. Luer u 639 (MO);

Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, alt. 5,900 ft., collected

by D. & A. Allison in 1982, cultivated at Species

West, Kent, WA, Jan. 1990, C. Luer 14565 (MO).

This attractive, floriferous species is

uncommon and apparently endemic in

north-central Peru. It is characterized b

the small habit and colorful orange and

purple flowers borne by relatively short

peduncles. Numerous peduncles produce

a single flower simultaneously, but occa-

sionally a second flower follows. The

peduncles are slender and usually triangu-

lar in cross section, especially above near

the raceme. Occasionally they are terete.

A similar occurrence is seen in M. infrac-

ta, and M. sprucei.

The sepals are fleshy with the acute

apices drawn into somewhat thickened,

proportionately long tails. The petals are

callous on the lower half and the epichile

Of the lip not verrucose.

aad

‘,

‘

<4

.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

164

Plate 80. Masdevallia richardsoniana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 165

Masdevallia sanctae-fidei Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 414,

1921.

ee : Named for Santa Fé de Bogota, Colombia, near where the species was discovered.

Masdevallia dispar Luer, ine 2 42: 458, 1979.

ee From the Latin dispar, “dif erent, ies being different from M. lata with

[=

Pee PE

e SUMLICE “Fie

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-10 cm long including an indistinct

ape 1-2.5 cm ‘hig the blade narrowly obovate, subacute, 1-1.6 cm wide, gradually narrowed below to

the channeled . Inflorescence a congested, successively fe few-flowered raceme, borne by a slender,

floral bracts tubular, ‘imbricating, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 13- -16mm long; ovary 5 mm long: dorsal sepal

yellow om onmigh, obovate, subverrucose within, 7 mm long, ‘a erumesuygeive to the lateral sepals for

elender

erect tail 3 cm a — sepals dark purple, See verrucose within, obovate, oblique,

connate

15 mm into a road lamina, 20 mm long, Se ee sano ae

btuse 12 mm long; petals kanya

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, t Scr tediead its i: Rigid Se

re ee

the base; lip cream difcly Sted wih pape oblong-#u sub-

pandurate, eau ‘1.5 mm wide,

ovate, obtuse, v verrucose, with erose, revolute margins, th

iif Sabah See er se | semiterete oe ns dakar ion oe

short, incurved ex:

Li rd,

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: near Santa Fé de

ae te 1015 (Holotype: W; Isotype: HBG);

“Bogota,” cultivated by F. Sander & Co., St. Al-

Ne 1890, collected by Mansfield s.n. (K); Enllana-

da, alt. 500 m,H. Wagener s.n. (W); near Villavicen-

cia, alt. 1600-1800 m, collected by E. Zeller, Feb.

1982, cultivated near Ulm, Germany, 25 Sept. 1982,

C. Luer 8148 (SEL). Norte de Santander: region

une 1937, J. Renz "3602 (BAS).

oc Tachira: between Rubio and La

M apote, alt. 1350 m, 11 Oct. 1953, J.

Som #22 eatier Quebradas Los C4nitos, road to

6n, alt. 900 m, collected by R. Mejia, ies

sdecack send te O. Arango at Estrella, 2 Oct. 1977

, cultivated

c. Luer wi (MO). Zumbador, alt. 1600 m, 1972,

at El Hatillo, 23 he 1982, G.C.K. Dun-

sel et al. 1236 Ley Uribante, Empressa

Cuev. . 900 m, 1983, Hs van der Werff &

A Gonzales 5016 oo.

In Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated this

American M. lata. Masdevallia sanctae-

fidei is distributed mostly on the southern

slopes of the Andes of Colombia and

adjacent Venezuela at moderate to low

altitudes. It is distinguished by a congest-

ed, few-flowered raceme of successive

flowers with a short sepaline tube, and a

y expanded synsepal with close tails

shorter than the tail of the dorsal sepal.

The basal end of the lip slopes backward

to the attachment to the column-foot.

Plate 81. Masdevallia sanctae-fidei

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 167

Masdevallia sanguinea Luer & — he dane 47: 69, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin sanguineus, “blood-red, color of the lip and column.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, it Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf eed, coriaceous, elliptical, acts, 6-9 cm long, -aiguetiss

— cuneate below into a shortly petiolate base. Infl

le flowers bome by a stout, tga ptine9-10m ng,wih

bract at the base, from near the base of the ramicaul, floral brats papery mm long;

ward

long; ovary 5

the dorsal i sepal obovate, — mm long, 10 mm n wide, connate to the | lateral ane A for 10-13 mm t um to

rical sepaline tu

asi

alt 1 1 =

terete, antrorse tail ca. 3 cm ig. red above, j yellow below, P

broad, bifid lamina 25 mm wide, t cted i TS ean ls, 10

1 ay tridenticulate,

g; P od wath parle cg om ng em Wi

Cn Pa ae | pi tie fy

vs

red-purple, oblong, 16 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, th bt ith a cant Tal

esd

£1 oi fram a

mat

pair of marginal folds below the middle; ga ape ase ake and

a short, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest

near Rio Calagras, alt. 1600 m, collected by A.

Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated in Cuenca, 27

Sept. 1980, C. Luer 5451 (SEL).

This rare species is apparently endemic

in southeastern Ecuador. It is very closely

allied to M. vargasii, and could be treated

as a variation of that species. It is distin-

guished from the latter by the shorter,

stouter peduncle that is longer than the

leaves; the deep red-purple sepals instead

of yellow; the tridentate petals; and the

large, purple lip without the usual three

parallel, deep purple stripes of M. vargasii.

;

m

pe

he

}

ae

” A

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

168

Plate 83. Masdevallia sanguinea

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 169

Masdevallia sceptrum Rchb.f, seep i: aie 1854.

Bee ee se 7 taff,” in allusion to elegant inflorescence.

Syn.: Masdevalli hya Rchb.f pete Chron. 24, es 768 1882.

Ety.: Giora'te Crock eaeaeiens® ‘a tailed spike,” f the infl

Syn.: Masdevallia schlimii var. sceptrum (Rchb-f.) Woolw. Sp Pe tea t. 47, 1896.

ma Masdevallia rechingeriana Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 424, 1921.

Tr. NI. 1 ¢. Ty K. Reching A 4 ; oon - Pe ee S ff Wotan.

ger,

Plant ai, robust, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1.5-4 cm _

including the

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Lenk caret, tg thickly coracom, 2) og

petiole 1-3 cm etal the blade elli ptical-obov , 1.5-4 cm wide, narrowly cuneate

below into the pei Infl 1 d ly few- to several-flowered

raceme of large, sh fl .b ian re gus panel 15-30 cm long, with a bract at

the b f icaul dicel 12 oe ee

ovary 5-6 mm long: Sorte pects povees verrucose Wi vai ae dorsal sepal yellow,

suffused with

J-obovate, 10 mm long, 7 mm wide, aianeny Saiiga slg pry pid

mm to form a short, sepaline tube, the apex , contracted into slender, yellow

long, the lateral sepals deep red-brown, ovate, oblique, Oran bag, 930m seagorespaee gr} need

form a shallow mentum, +> ices subacute, contracted into slender, yellow tails 4-6 cm long,

greenish white, oblong, 6-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, the apex acute, the labellar half

dinal callus; lip yellow, diffusely dotted with red-purple, - che g-subpandurate, 6-7 mm long, 2-3 mm

wide, with erect, oblique, marginal folds near the middle, the epichile ovate, acute, shortly acuminate,

le oblong, subco , hinged beneath; column

pater alae purple margin, semiterete, Sie ben, eves bie thick, with a a short, incurved

COLOMBIA: Santander, old province of Ocaiia;

near Pamplona, La Baja, alt. 2600 m, Jan. 1849, L.

and

1941, J. Renz 3578 (BAS); ” scrub sage east

of Bucaramanga toward Berlin, alt. 3300 May

1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. "Voluncla

10172 (MO). Norte = Santander: Cerro de

Oroque, Jurisdicciones, alt. 3700-3900 m, 22 July

1974, H. Garcia- Barriga & R. — 20672

(AMES, COL); Paramo de Jurisdicci epiphytic

in scrub forest, alt. 31 ern 30 Apr. 1982, C. © bw

Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7645 (SEL); same

May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E.

imps 10343 (MO); below Alto de San Francisco:

t. 2500 m, 6 May 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Esco-

bar & D. Portillo 7765 (SEL

UELA: Mérida: Libertador, trail to Lag

El Suero from La Mucuy, 19 May 1988, LJ. Dorr &

L.C. Barnett 5188 (NY); Valle de San Javier, alt.

50-2670 m, 10 June 1997, J. —_— ow (FR).

Tachira: between Revanche an as, alt.

2700 m, 9 May 1951, os Renz 76910 10 (BAS): “cloud

forest around the rs of Rio Quinimari, alt.

m, J.A. Steyermark, CK. &E. Deaastervitie

101245 (VEN). Aragua: near a Arnold s.n of

(holotype of M. pailduodinae W). W ithout locality, collected ca. 1852 by H. Wagener s.n. (holotype

M. urostachya: W).

ld mines at _ Baja near

This robust species was first collected near the go saland

Pamplona on the Funck and Schlim expedition to New Granada betw

1852. It still exists there today sympatric with M. buccinator-

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 171

Masdevallia sceptrum is very closely allied to M. schlimii. The two species have

been confused by most authors since they were first discovered. Dried herbarium

specimens appear deceptively similar when details of the petals and lips are ob-

scured. The shape of the peduncle, whether or not it be round or three-angled in

cross section, is often difficult to determine when dried. However, the presence of a

bract near the middle of the peduncle would indicate that the peduncle had been

terete.

Masdevallia sceptrum is most easily distinguished from M. schlimii by the

triquetrous peduncle. The raceme is often congested, but noticeable distances

between flowers often occur irregularly in the raceme, often exposing the rachis.

The raceme of M. schlimii is usually evenly and loosely flowered. The flowers

differ mainly in the petals and lip, the petal of M. schlimii bearing a basal process,

and the lip of M. schlimii with a proportionately longer hypochile. Beneath the

apex of the lip of M. sceptrum is a prominent keel that is absent from the lip of M.

Schlimii.

If aclone of M. sceptrum were to occur with a terete peduncle, it would be diffi-

cult to distinguish from M. schlimii. It is known that some successively flowered

species, i.e., M. infracta, a species characterized by triquetrous peduncles, is occa-

sionally found with terete peduncles.

Kranzlin described M. rechingeriana from only two, identical flowers, suppos-

edly collected near Colonia Tovar. Neither peduncle nor any vegetative parts of the

plant are present on the herbarium sheet of the type- specimen at WwW (Vv ienna) i in the

Reichenbach herbarium. The two flowers h latively short bes, with

synsepals expanded beyond the tube and connate to above the middle, approximate

apices, and tails longer than the blades. Kranzlin also described a keel below the

apex of the lip. The fact that there are two identical flowers leads me to believe that

the inflorescence bore them simultaneously, and indeed the flowers look exactly

like those of M. sceptrum, which bears a distinct keel below the apex of the lip.

Masdevallia sceptrum is found in the nearby Cordillera of Mérida and adjacent

olombia.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

172

Plate 85. Masdevallia sceptrum

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 173

Masdevallia schudelii Luer, ry Syst. B Bot. 76: 157, 1999.

Ety: Named for lid Alliance, who obtained and cultivat-

ed this species.

in size, epiphytic, pitose; roots flesh Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, | 10-12 cm1

2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 1.5-1 cm wide, narrow wy cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence a subcongested, <a raceme of saccessive flowers, bore by a

slender, erect, triquetrous peduncle 14 cm lon

— bracts tubular, 14-15 mm long; pedicel tS mm ee ovary green, 6 mm long; sepals glabrous

xtemally, microscopically verrucose within, the dorsal sepal light yellow, the blade ovate, acuminate

San eué, liver wil the e entire length 40-47 mm long, 7 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 4

mm to form a short, cylindrical, gaping tube, the lateral sepals dark purple, connate 25 mm into an

expanded, bifid synsepal ca. 25 mm long, 17 mm wide, the apices approximate, acute, acuminate into

slender, yellow tails 1. 5-2 cm long; Petals white, more or less oblong, oe 2 mm wide above the

. the apex subtridentate, wit re h ed with a low, obtuse

te ee a

Process e the base. ie te, diffusely dotted

with i coger ,6n mm tee 2 mm wide, nt broad, obtuse, ., marginal folds near the

midd] concave below with a prc ben subapical

callus, the disc shallowly “eanc ed between the folds, the hypochile oblong anne —— the

pa column greenish white, semiterete, 5.5 mm 1 g

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from

J. Portilla, flowered in cultivation in Middleburg, FL,

March 1998, by G. Schudel s.n. (Holotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 18786. Morona-Santiago: near near Macas,

alt. 1400 m, collected by J. Portilla 038 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in

eastern Ecuador. It is characterized by a

slender, triquetrous peduncle that slightly

exceeds the narrow leaf in length. The

flowers in the few-flowered raceme are

not crowded, the rachis being visible

between floral bracts. The sepaline tube is

very short and gaping, the tail of the dorsal

sepal is erect, and the apices of the ex-

panded synsepal are contiguous with

crossing tails. The longitudinal callus of

the petal ends in a low, conical protu-

berance

174 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 175

—— —_ a rie Orchidee 32: 69, ei emend. 36: 87, 1985.

Ety: F ” in reference to the flower.

ze pit fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-2.5 cm long,

Bien er 2-3 close, pr Ie lee Leaf erect , coriaceous, 8-14cm Se cen

petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1, 2. 1.6 cm wide, below into the

slender, subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a eae —!, raceme of successive flowers,

duncle 9 -11 cm

long, m0 more weow less flecked with p le, with t the base, from the base of icaul; fl

bular, imbricating, 9-13 mm mm long; ple 1 13-16 mm long; , 4.5 mm

long; sepals glabrous extemally, min verrucose- spices wie, Gv el spel ps Ce

the blade 10 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, to the | sepa-

line tube, the acute = con tracted into an erect, slender, yellow tail 3-3.5 cm long, 1 mm wide, the

lateral s sepals comnste I 1- -12 mm into a broadly expanded, bifid synsepal 13 mm long, 16 mm wide, the

i » yellow tails ca. 2 cm long ig; petals white, more or less

oblong, 6mm long, 1 mm wide, 2 mm inat ro

pees

= a?

tha laekall holt rae think

5 »F obtuse process above the

a mi on in above the base; lip white, diffusely dotted with purple

aes ey 5.5 mm ea 2 mm wide, with I fold:

vate, obtuse, apiculate, channeled between calli from the f cis, ipl eng, tern, ne

on the end; column greenish white, semiterete, 5mm long, the fi

curved extension.

PERU: Junin: near Huassa-Huassi, alt. 3000 m,

collected by J. Meza T., cultivated in Musick.

many, 19 May 1980, W. Kéniger s.n. (Holotype

SEL; clonotypes: K, M, USM, W, Herb. H. Etaie, :

C. Luer illustr. 5250. "2 }

This species is one of several apparent- ~ Negeiny

ly endemic species that occurs around (

3000 meters above sea level above the

ancient community of Huassa-Huassi in g

\

}

;

i

central Peru, where the original collection es

of M. uniflora was made by Ruiz and -

Pavon. Poi i

Vegetatively, M. scitula is small for nr won

the section. The slender peduncle is about P

as long as or longer than the leaves. Often .

a second flower opens before the previous

flower fades. The sepals are connate into “M4

a short, cylindrical tube with the synsepal * \ se

expanded beyond with minutely cellular- {

spiculate clumps on the inner surface. The &

callous, lower half of the petals ends in an }

obtuse protuberance while a small margin-

al lobule is present above the base on the

upper margin. The epichile of the lip is

apiculate,

176

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM