JOSTIA

A NEW GENUS IN THE PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

The proposed genus consists of one species that has been in cultivation since it

was first introduced by Walter Teague in 1975. It was described in 1978 as Masde-

vallia teaguei. Although it has resided in many collections, the active motility of

the lip was unnoticed until the action was discovered by Louis Jost who was work¬

ing in Banos, Ecuador, in the spring of 1999.

A passively mobile lip occurs frequently in many infrageneric taxa of Masdeval¬

lia and Pleurothallis , of other pleurothallid genera, and also of many non-pleuro-

thallid genera, e.g. Anguloa Ruiz & Pav., Bulbophyllum Thouars, Calopogon R.Br.,

and Peristeria Hook. However, an actively motile lip is uncommon, having devel¬

oped independently in three unrelated pleurothallid taxa (Luer, 1987), as well as

several non-pleurothallid genera, e.g. Caleana R.Br., Drakaea Lindl., Plocoglottis

Blume, and Pterostylis R.Br. (Dressier, 1981).

The lip of Acostaea is broad at the base where it is hinged to an equally broad,

concave end of the column-foot. Changes in turgidity of the concave column-foot

cause the lip to rise and descend. A pair of clubbed appendages descend from the

base of the lip of Condylago and glide over the bulbous end of the column-foot. A

thin strap between the two arms is anchored to the undersurface of the column-foot,

so that changes in turgidity cause the strap to pull the lip downward. The spring¬

like basal claw of the lip of Porroglossum is attached to the backside of a long

column-foot. Changes in turgidity alter the tension, causing the lip to flip upward

and later descend. See leones Pleurothallidinarum-4 , 1987. The mechanism of the

active lip of Porroglossum muscosum (Rchb.f.) Schltr. was investigated in detail by

Oliver in 1888.

When Masdevallia teaguei was published (Luer, 1978), the peculiar lip was

described in detail. Because of the unique lip, the species was placed into a unispe¬

cific subgenus, Teagueia (Luer, 1986). Recently, I received a communication from

Louis Jost, artist and writer living in Ecuador, who is also interested in photography

and orchids. He asked me if I was aware-that the lip of Masdevallia teaguei was

sensitive, which, of course, I was not. I asked him to get more plants and make

observations. To date, he has not discovered the sensitive spot other than that a

disturbance causes the lip to flip suddenly upward to a position beneath the column.

After about 15 minutes, the lip returns to the “down” position.

The lip also rises to an “up” position at sundown. The return to the “down”

position seems to be accomplished by gravity. He discovered that when he kept a

plant with flower upside down over night, the lip was still “up” in the morning,

whereas if the plant had been erect the lip would have been “down.” Upon return¬

ing the plant to an upright position, the lip dropped down with a relaxed strap, in

which turgidity is gradually restored. Possibly, a sudden loss in turgidity on the

outside of the connecting strap causes the action.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Jostia Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Masdevallia teaguei Luer, Selbyana 2: 381, 1978.

Ety.. Named in honor of Louis Jost, presently of Quito, Ecuador, who first noted that the lip of

Masdevallia teaguei was actively motile.

Planta generis Masdevalliae Ruiz & Pav. similis, sed labello sensitivo bilamellato apice tricarinato

base incrassato ad pedem columnae cum loro lato connexo distinguitur.

A description of the single species recognized in this proposed genus will suf¬

fice for the genus.

Jostia teaguei Luer, Selbyana 2: 381, 1978.

Bas.: Masdevallia teaguei Luer, Selbyana 2: 381, 1978

Ety.: Named in honor of Walter Teague of San Francisco, California, co-discoverer of the species.

Syn.: Masdevallia braasii Mohr, Die Orchidee 35: 64, 1984.

Ety.. Named in honor of Lothar Braas, a contemporary author.

p| ant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots siender. Ramicauls blackish, erect slender 2-6

cm long enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf dark green, erect, coriaceous petiolate 9 15 cm

3°Tm wid^'.h g h 6 e " der ' blaCklS l! Pe, ‘ 0le 34 cm l0 "8- the blade elliptical-ovate, subLute to obtus^ 2-

r^me up to 3 5o‘ 'Tbomet ' Pe ' i ° le , '" noresce "“ a «nge«ed. successively several-flowered

71' ’ ,ere,e Peduncle 9 ’ 18 cm lon g- wi ‘h a bract above the

ms mmTn„ fr h? h , b e of the ramicaul; floral bracts loose, tubular, 8-15 mm long- pedicel

forming a mentum below the column-font an Ha m W1( ^ e ’ sliar ply constricted below the middle,

into slender tails 7 mm long; petals connate to thrio^^IZ T^T ab ° VC ’ the ° btUSe apices contracted

the apex, elliptical, oblique 6 mm lono i a w ^ r ^ ird column, yellow, marked with red at

both margins lightly dilated, the lovfer halfwi'tha' 6 trUnCate apex a P icula,e or obscurely tridentate,

short, thick, acute, retrorse callus above the base- lip

red-orange ovate, 6 mm long from the base to the

aptces of the plates of the disc, 3.75 mm wide, the

disc deeply cleft down the center to form a pair of

prostrate, microscopically scabrous, truncate plates

2 V 5 C mm n t 8 ! ,T* ly decurved - rounded apical lobe

, "J" 1 ,0 "8- 2 25 mm wde with 3 tall, subverrucose

lamellae, the base of the lip thickened, hinged below

column 3 * 1 n rap 10 Ihe b0t,0m 0f the colum n-foot;

column yellow, semiterete, 6 mm long, with the

petals obliquely inserted below the middle, the fodt 4

mm long, very thick, incurved, the apex sub-bulbous.

ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud

forest near Valladolid, alt. ca. 2300 m, July 1975

collected by W. Teague, L. Figueroa & D. Welisch

cultivated in San Francisco, Sept 1978 C luer in it

v]n 7 , P H epiph > tic foresTabovf

Valladolid, air 2450 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer S

9583 (WH ^ J ' KUij ‘ & ° ® Alessandro

.83 (MO); same area, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer J

Luer A.Htrtz & W Flore.s 10942 (MO); cultivated at

^Mnt m M r4U ' deaS ’ 17 Apr l988 ' C Luer 13255

U°2 00 r 3 n S3n, *r : Tinajillas - road *L»S

a t. 2100 m, collected by E. Sanchez Jan 1994 j

llvn d/78 ( . M0) Tungurahua: Cerro Abitagua alt

2020 m, 17 June 1998, L. Jost 1073 (MO). 8

u/ ^ j° r < ' olombia: Nari r)o, La Cocha, alt 3000 m F

Waldvogels.it. (holotype of M. braasii. Herb^ohr)

SYSTEMATICS OF JOSTIA

The solitary species of this proposed taxon is infrequent in cloud forests of

southern Ecuador where it is apparently endemic. The morphology of the lip and

column-foot, and the active mechanism acquired by them are probably recent evol-

tionary deviations from those of the masses of Masdevallia, because the DNA of M.

teaguei observed by Pridgeon (pers. comm.) does not differ significantly from that

of the other species of Masdevallia studied.

The congested, successively flowered raceme, about as high as the dark green,

petiolate leaves, is borne by an erect, terete peduncle that originates above the base

of the ramicaul. The red-brownish, fleshy sepals are connate into a conical tube, the

laterals constricted beneath between primary and secondary mentums. The petals,

connate to the lower third of the column, are provided with a basal tooth.

The body of the lip consists of a broad hypochile composed of a pair of flat

laminae with a deep cleft between. From beneath the apex of the body, a rigid,

tricarinate epichile decurves. The thickened base of the lip rests on the edge of a

markedly thickened end of the column-foot. A broad, thin strap originating from

below the middle of the undersurface of the lip is inserted onto the backsurface of

the thickened end of the column-foot. Unfortunately, the lip was described in the

“closed” position, without any thought that it might also descend to an “open”

position.

REFERENCES

Dressler, R.L., 1981. The Orchids: natural history and classification 110-114. Harvard University

Press, Cambridge.

Luer, C.A., 1978. Masdevallia teagueiLuer, Selbyana2: 381.

1986. leones Pleurothallidinarum II. Systematics of Masdevallia. Monogr. Syst. Bot.

Missouri Bot. Gard. 16:53,55.

_1987. leones Pleurothallidinarum IV. Systematics of Acostaea, Condylago , and Porro-

glossum. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 1-90.

Oliver, F.W., 1888. On the sensitive labellum of Masdevallia muscosa Rchb.f. Ann. Bot. (London) 1:

237-253. ’

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plate 1. Jostia teaguei

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS ANDINIA

ABSTRACT

A new genus in the Pleurothallidinae is proposed to accommodate two non-

conforming species attributed to Salpistele Dressier. The genus is described; a key

to the two species is given. Both species have been described and illustrated in

leones Pleurothallidinarum VIII , Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 134-

137, 1991.

New taxa:

Andinia (Luer) Luer, stat. et gen. nov.

Andinia dielsii (Mansf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Andinia pensilis (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov.

The two closely related, Ecuadorian species included in the genus Salpistele

(Luer, 1991) were first described in Lepanthes , in spite of the fact that neither had

“lepanthiform” stems. They were transferred to Salpistele because of a similarity

of the column. They differ from the Central American species of Salpistele in the

creeping habit, instead of caespitose; echinate ovaries, instead of glabrous; fleshy,

apiculate sepals, instead of membranous, with the laterals only partially connate,

instead of forming a completely connate synsepal; abbreviated petals; and thick,

rounded basal lobes of the lip. DNA studies (Pridgeon, pers. comm.) reveal no

relationship with the Central American species.

The plants are characterized by a long, creeping, proliferating rhizome that bears

at intervals an elliptical, shortly petiolate leaf. The erect, successively flowered

raceme surpasses the leaf. The ovaries are densely echinate. The sepals are fleshy

and apiculate with the laterals diverging above the middle. The petals are much

shorter than the lip. The lip is deeply three-lobed with the auriculate, lateral lobes

basal and surrounding the column. A callus is present on the anterior lobe beneath

the column. As in Lepanthes and Salpistele , the column is terete and footless, with

the lip attached to the base. The apex of the column forms a narrow collar around

the apical anther and stigma.

Andinia (Luer) Luer, stat. et gen. nov.

Bas.: Salpistele subgen. Andinia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 124, 1991.

Ety.: Named for the Andes Mountains.

Type: Lepanthes dielsii Mansf. = Andinia dielsii

Plants perennial, epiphytic, long-repent, rooting from nodes along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascend¬

ing, short, non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate, Leaf erect, coriaceous, smooth, elliptical, acute, the base

cuneate into a short petiole. Inflorescence an erect, lax, secund, successively several-flowered raceme, 2

to 3 flowers sometimes open simultaneously, the flowers resupinate, borne by a peduncle laterally from

the ramicaul; floral bract oblique, tubular, acute; pedicels slightly longer than the floral bract; ovary

trivalvate, densely echinate; sepals fleshy, subcarinate, apiculate, minutely ciliate, the dorsal concave,

the laterals connate below the middle; petals narrow, acute, much shorter than the lip; lip fleshy, tri-

lobed, the lateral lobes basal, rounded, concave, erect, flanking the column, the apical lobe with a central

calius, the base attached to the apex of the column at the base; column terete, footless, the apex with a

dilated margin surrounding the apical anther, rostellum and stigma; pollinia 2, obovoid, with minute

viscidia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1 Rhizome usually ascending; apex of the lip abruptly contracted into a small,

concave lobule, callus 1-lobed. A. dielsii

1 * Rhizome usually descending; apex of the lip ovoid, obtuse, deeply concave, with

a bilobed callus. A. pensilis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Andinia dielsii Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes dielsii Mansf., Biblioth. Bot. 29(116): 72, 1937.

Ety.: Named in honor of Ludwig Diels of Stuttgart, Germany, who collected this species.

Syn.: Lepanthes echinocarpa L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 9: 1, 1940.

Ety.: From the Greek echinocarpus , “spiny fruit,” referring to the echinate capsules.

Syn.: Salpistele dielsii (Mansf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 134, 1991.

ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Tipococha, in mountainous forest, 16 Aug. 1933, L. Diels 554 (Holotype

destroyed at B). Bolivar: cloud forest at the pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer,

A. Hirtz, S. Dalstom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9709 (MO, Neotype here designated).

For further collections, distribution map, and illustration, see leones Pleurothal-

lidinarum-%, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 134, 1991.

Andinia pensilis (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes pensilis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8- 55 1921

Ety.. From the Latin pensilis, “pendent," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Lepanthes landpetala L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl 9- I 1940

fo'r^geJ tu^nZs Pe ‘ alm - ^ refe ™« *° «*« petals, exceptional

Syn, Salpistele pensilis (Schltr.) Luer. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Garden. 39: 136, 1991.

fLrj'Tuer.'T w,>“rdl Tdel wes ‘ of ° taval °- alt - 3300 ", 17 Feb. 1998, C.

Sodiro SJ. 169/2Ibis (BR MOl Chimhn™ M °' Neoty P e here designated); Mojanda, Nov. 1888, A.

destroyed a. B). ° V Ch.mborazo: m mountains above Riobamba, A. Milles.n. (Holotype

b / S'” S0di, °' to to" <toov ere d at BR.

narum-H Monoer Svs’t r !'u" 0 " map ’ ^ lllustratl0n . see leones Pleurothallidi-

narum », Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 136, 1991

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS

BARBOSELLA

ABSTRACT

A history of Barbosella Schltr. is given and the genus is described. A check¬

list of all species described in Barbosella , and a key to the subgenera and species

is given. Each of the 18 species is described and illustrated with a black and white

drawing. Only representative collections of the distribution are presented.

New combination and taxa:

Barbosella subgen. Cardinella Luer, subgen. nov.

Barbosella macaheensis (Cogn.) Luer, comb. nov.

Barbosella ricii Luer & Vasquez, sp. nov.

Barbosella vasquezii Luer, sp. nov.

The first species of the genus Barbosella to be described were two minute,

creeping plants collected by John Miers in southern Brazil in 1841, and sent to

Lindley by Professor Gardner. Lindley described them both in the genus Pleur-

othallis R.Br. the following year as P. gardneri and P. miersii.

The third species of the genus to be described was collected by Hartweg near

Popayan, Colombia, and assigned to the genus Restrepia H.B.K. by Lindley in 1845

as R. cucullata. Two other collections of this variable, widely distributed species

were described later: R. rhynchantha from Peru by Reichenbach in 1854, and R.

varicosa from Ecuador by Lindley in 1859.

The fourth species of the future genus Barbosella was described by Reichenbach

in 1877 as Restrepia prorepens from a Costa Rican collection by Endres. Endres

suggested to Reichenbach that this species probably represented a new genus, but

the idea was unheeded. Except for the Brazilian Pleurothallis gardneri , which was

redescribed in 1882 by J. Barbosa Rodrigues as R. microphylla, no other species of

Barbosella was described in the nineteenth century.

In the early part of the twentieth century, seven species later attributed to Barbo¬

sella were described in Restrepia , and two each in Masdevallia and Pleurothallis.

Realizing that two distinct genera were customarily treated in Restrepia , Schlechter

(1918) separated from Restrepia into Barbosella those species foreign to Restrepia

as typified by R. antennifera H.B.K. He transferred 14 epithets (encompassing

seven species) from Restrepia to create the newly proposed Barbosella. In his cri¬

teria for the genus he mentioned an articulation of the base of the lip to the bulbous

tip of the column-foot, but did not describe the typical “ball-and-socket” joint.

One nonconforming species was removed from Barbosella to Barbrodria , because

of the simply hinged lip and a short, nonhooded, apical anther; B. kegelii (Rchb.f.)

Schltr. with six pollinia was returned to Pleurothallis ; and B. reichenbachiana

(Endres ex Rchb.f.) Schltr. with four pollinia was transferred to Restrepiopsis Luer.

Oakes Ames and Charles Schweinfurth (1934) and L.O. Williams (1939)

thought it was “clear” that Barbosella was untenable and mostly, if not entirely,

referable to Pleurothallis. They reduced to Pleurothallis all the species not already

having been treated in Pleurothallis.

Schlechter designated no type for Barbosella. Angely (1973) cited P miersii

Lindl. as the lectotype, but this species, removed to Barbrodria in 1981, differs

from all the others because the anther and stigma are apical, and the lip with revo-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

lute sides is hinged simply to the column-foot. The treatment of Barbrodria follows

Barbosella. Pleurothallis gardneri Lindl. was designated as the lectotype (Luer,

1981).

The species of Barbosella are distributed from Central America through the

Andes into southern Brazil and adjacent Argentina with one species in the Antilles.

Only 18 species of Barbosella are recognized in this work. All the species are

closely related and basically similar to each other. Although vegetatively variable

in size and shape, the species are characterized by basically similar flowers with a

distinctly formed “ball-and-socket” articulation of the free, bulbous tip of the

column-foot into a cavity at the base of the lip. Only three species differ distinctly

from the majority, and these are easily recognized ( B . australis with a large, retuse

lip, B. circinata with a non-resupinate flower, and B. gardneri with an acuminate

apex of the lip).

In Central America and the Andes, bewildering mixtures of closely allied, inter-

grading taxa constitute complexes impossible to classify unless each clone be given

a name, an untenable solution. Very briefly, B. cucullata is large, coarse and

commonly repent with a stout rhizome, thick, more or less semiterete leaves, and

sepals usually over three centimeters long. Densely caespitose plants with very

narrow leaves and with similar, large flowers are treated as B.fuscata. Barbosella

prorepens is similar to B. cucullata but with a smaller habit and smaller flowers

with sepals usually under one and a half centimeters long. The plants are shortly

repent as well as caespitose, and to disturb all thinking, both repent and caespitose

components sometimes occur on the same specimens of both P. cucullata and P.

prorepens. Intermediate specimens far outnumber the identifiable extremes upon

which names have been assigned. Barbosella dolichorhiza falls somewhere among

t e intermediates. Except for size and color (green, yellow, brown to purple), the

lowers of these blending concepts are fundamentally the same. Variations exist in

all combinations of vegetative and floral characters throughout their ranges. Identi¬

fication of the majority will rely upon personal judgment.

are ^ ^ ° n ^ y Pi eurodla nid genus in which vegetative characters alone

cntena for identification of some species. Perhaps in the future,

been lumped into ^ ^ ** tW ° ° r m ° re look “ alike s P ecies have

from^he^neriec the species 0f Brazil and Argentina are distinct

distributed fr?* ° C / 6S ' AH are small and long-repent. The most widely

distribu ted. frequent and vegetatively variable concept is B. co s nia»«ana, the

smaller, austral counterpart of B. prorepens .

prodltsr„self c f ar ^ e//a , are Characterized ^ther by a very short rhizome that

013 l0ng ’ Creeping rhizome P roduces creep-

toseId r^nt o^rtion, rT ^ PlantS pr ° duce simultaneously both caespi-

neshTfeaf tL flow/r ^ ram ‘ Ca U 3lWayS abbreviated - much shorter than the

and borne by an ^ and resu P inate (««Pt for B circinata),

the apex of the ramicaul TlT 2 PTO UCed laterally wit hout an annulus from below

bac k ward benchng of die flmver'at'the' 0 * 1 * “P lisbed by a

pedicel or ovary occurs The « k apex of the peduncle. No twisting of the

Lindl Restrepia TrisetM I me backward bending occurs in Brachionidium

’ P ' Tmetella Uer ’ and many sP^ies of Pleurothallis. The pedicel

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA 9

and ovary of B. circinata arch through 360° to bear the flower in a non-resupinate

position.

Produced from near the adaxial end of the pedicel is a more or less well-devel¬

oped filament. It is the remnant of a vestigial flower-bud, present to some degree in

most, if not all, single-flowered, pleurothallid species, or on the pedicel of the final

flower of racemose species. Its presence or absence is not diagnostic. The dorsal

sepal is free from the broader lateral sepals that are partially or wholly connate into

a synsepal. The petals are slender and entire.

The lip is proportionately small with a basal cavity, except in B. trilobata, that

articulates with the free, bulbous tip of the column-foot. The anterior margin of the

cavity at the base of the lip is formed by a pair of callous plates or lamellae of the

disc that fold inward to meet in the midline. These plates are prominent in B. trilo¬

bata , but fail to form a basal cavity. A short distance toward the apex of the lip, the

lamellae part to create a smaller, much shallower cavity near the center of the lip

which may be wholly lacking. The anterior cavity, if present, sometimes connects

with the basal cavity beneath the infolded lamellae.

The column is semiterete with a hooded, ventral anther and stigma. Within the

anther cap the pollinia are free, equal-sized, and four in number. The base of the

column is developed with a distinct column-foot. The tip is free and more or less

bulbous (except in B. trilobata ), and clasped within the cavity at the base of the lip.

One Brazilian species ( B . miersii) has been removed into a unispecific genus,

because the morphology of both the lip and the column contradict the criteria upon

which the genus Barbosella is based.

BARBOSELLA

Barbosella Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 259, 1918.

Lectotype: Pleurothallis gardneri Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 83, 1842. = Barbosella

gardneri ( Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 261, 1918 (Luer, Selbyana 5: 386,

1981).

Ety.: Named in honor of J. Barbosa Rodrigues, renowned investigator of the Orchidaceae of Brazil.

Syn.: Restrepia H.B.K. sect. Ramulosae Lindl., Folia Orchid. Restrepia 3, 1859.

Lectotype here designated R. cucullata Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1,15: 108, 1845.=

Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 15: 261, 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin ramulosus , “with branches,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Restrepia H.B.K. sect. Prorepentes Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 810, 1877.

Type: Restrepia prorepens Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 810, 1877 = Barbosella prorepens (Rchb.f.)

Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 263, 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin prorepens , “repent,” referring to the creeping habit.

Plants perennial, very small to medium in size for the subtribe, weak to robust, epiphytic to terres¬

trial or lithophytic, densely caespitose to long-repent, the rhizome stout to slender; roots few to many,

slender to fleshy. Ramicauls ascending to erect, slender to stout, non-pseudobulbous, considerably

shorter than the leaf, unifoliate, enclosed by a few basal sheaths, the inflorescence emerging laterally

without an annular ring (annulus) from a short distance below the apex (the leaf-stem abscission layer).

Leaf erect, ascending or occasionally prostrate, more or less thickly coriaceous, smooth, green or dark

green, sometimes suffused with purple, elliptical, ovate, suborbicular, linear, to terete, the apex acute,

subacute to obtuse, shallowly notched with a mucro in the sinus, the base cuneate, linear, to rounded,

with or without an obvious petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle,

shorter or longer than the leaf, with a bract basal or below the middle; floral bract thin, tubular, oblique,

acute, enclosing the pedicel and often much of the ovary; pedicel stout, usually shorter than the floral bract,

with a small or conspicuous filament (vestigial remnant of the next flower); ovary smooth, trivalvate;

sepals conspicuous, membranous, white, green, yellow, orange, brown, or purple, the dorsal sepal free,

more or less erect, narrowly linear to narrowly triangular, more or less thickened above the middle, the

lateral sepals variously connate or adherent (rarely free) to the apex and expanded into a prominent

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

synsepal, acute to obtuse; petals entire, narrowly linear-ovate, more or less thickened above the middle;

lip ligulate, more or less thick and fleshy, smooth to minutely verrucose, the apex obtuse to rounded or

narrowly obtuse, the disc more or less bi- or tricallous near the middle, often with a shallow cavity, the

base rounded with a distinct concavity, except for B. trilobata ; column stout, semiterete, hooded, broad¬

ly longitudinally winged above the middle, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the pollinia 4 (2

pairs), free, yellow, pyriform, with or without a granular viscidium, the base of the column developed

into a column-foot with the apex of the ovary, and with the tip extending beyond the ovary into a free,

more or less bulbous apex, the posterior margin of the cavity of the lip thinly hinged to the back surface.

Barbosella subgen. Barbosella

Type: Pleurothallis gardneri Lindl. = Barbosella gardneri.

This subgenus is characterized by the classical “ball and socket” articulation of

the concave base of the lip with the bulbous apex of the column-foot. It contains all

the species of the genus except for B. trilobata, which is segregated into a unispeci¬

fic subgenus.

Barbosella subgen. Cardinella Luer, subgen. nov.

Type: Barbosella trilobata Pabst.

Ety.: From die Latin cardo, “a hinge,” referring to the attachment of the lip to the column.

Labellum bilamellatum ad pedem columnae simpliciter cardinatum.

This subgenus is characterized by the minute, long-repent habit, indistinguish¬

able from that of some other Brazilian species of Barbosella, and a simple hinge-

ldce articulation of the base of the lip with the non-bulbous apex of the column-foot.

Above the base of the lip a pair of erect, parallel lamellae appear to be related to

maSerf lame »ae that form the typical cavity at the base of the lip as found

in all other species of Rnrhn**iin

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN BARBOSELLA

f anaristella (Kraenzl.) Garay = B. dolichorhiza

B. australis (Cogn.) Schtr.

B. bradeorum Schltr. = B. dolichorhiza. . 1

B. brenesii Schltr. = B. prorepens

B. rogni.oii.na (Speg. & Kraenzl.) Sd£~..“ F '® \

B. crassifolia (Edwall) Schltr .. Fl 8- 3 > 4 -

B. cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr. ' .. .......Fig. 5.

B. dolichorhiza Schltr ..rig. 6, 7,8.

B. dusenii (A.Samp.) Schltr . Fi 8- 9 -

B. dussii (Cogn.) Dod = B. prorepens. . 10 -

B. fuscata Garay....

B. gardneri (Lindl.) Sc^ZZZZ'."’. . H ’ 12 '

B. geminata Luer. .Fig. 13.

—■ .

fl. /umburgenu (Kraenzl.) Hoehne = B. craraifou.

B. handroi Hoehne = B. cogniauxiana

f f*® 8 ® ( Rch bf.) Schltr. = Pleurothallis kegelii Rchh f

B. loefgrenii (Cogn.) Schltr. = B. australis ‘

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

B. longiflora (Kraenzl.) Schltr. = B. cucullata

B. longipes Schltr. = B. cucullata

B. macaheensis (Cogn.) Luer.Fig. 15.

B. microphylla (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr. = B. gardneri

B. miersii (Lindl.) Schltr. = Barbrodria miersii

B. monstrabilis (Ames) Garay = B. prorepens

B. orbicularis Luer.Fig. 16.

B. porschii (Kraenzl.) Schltr. = B. cogniauxiana

B. prorepens (Rchb.f.) Schltr.Fig. 17, 18, 19.

B. reichenbachiana (Endres) Schltr. =

Restrepiopsis reichenbachiana (Endres) Luer

B. rhynchantha (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Schltr. = B. cucullata

B. ricii Luer & Vasquez.Fig. 20.

B. riograndensis Dutra apud Pabst = B. cogniauxiana

B. schista Luer & Escobar.Fig. 21.

B. spiritu-sanctensis (Pabst) F.Barros & Toscano.Fig. 22.

B. tolimensis (Kraenzl.) Garay nomen illeg. = B. prorepens

B. trilobata Pabst.Fig. 23.

B. varicosa (Lindl.) Schltr. = B. cucullata

B. vasquezii Luer.Fig. 24.

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF BARBOSELLA

Subgen. Cardinella

I Lip simply hinged to the tip of the column-foot. B. trilobata

Subgen. Barbosella

1 Lip with a concave base articulated with a bulbous tip of the column-foot.2

2 Plant minute, long-repent; leaves mostly less than 6 mm long.3

T Plant with leaves more than 8 mm long.8

3 Leaves orbicular.4

3’ Leaves elliptical.6

4 Peduncle less than 5 mm long. & orbicularis

4’ Peduncle more than 12 mm long.5

5 Lip with the middle lobe narrower than a lateral lobe. B. crassifolia

5’ Lip with the middle lobe broader than a lateral lobe. B. spiritu-sanctensis

6 Lip ligulate, not three-lobed. dusenii

6’ Lip three-lobed.^

7 Lip with tall, broad, subacute, lateral lobes, simply hinged at the base (Subgen.

Cardinella) . & trilobata

T Lip with low, broadly rounded, lateral lobes, articulated at the base. B. gardneri

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLID1NARUM

® Plant lar 8 e 211(1 robust for the genus; sepals more than 25 mm long.

8 ’ Sepals less than 25 mm long.

9 Plant repent to caespitose; leaves 5-10 mm wide. B cucullata

9' Plant densely caespitose, leaves 2-3 mm wide. ZZZZ.B. Juscata

10 < Rhizome 3-8 cm long between ramicauls. . eeminata

10 Rhizome usually less than 1 .5 cm long between ramicauls. 11

11 Ovary and pedicel curved nearly 360*. a

11 ’ Ovary and pedicel not acutely curved. . .. } 2

12 Lip refuse at the apex. n

12 ’ Lip not retuse at the apex ZZZZZZZZZZ. . aUStra **

!?■ uS 2S 7 teal f r- : lip bicalk,U! above **

It fi le r ^^ "»*«*. b ™

ant repent, leaves not fusiform with very short ramicauls. 15

15’ Plant and lip not as above ... 3 vasquezii

.16

16 Sepals 7 mm long; lip concave

16’ Sepals 9-25 mm long . 3 ‘ m <*caheensis

- 1 -

. " lm lon 8’ h P “distinctly and shallowly concave....

Leaves narrow^

18 Sepals between 18 and 25 mm long.

8 Sepals usually less than 13 mm long . . dolichorhiza

. . prorepens

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA 13

Barbosella australis (Cogn.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 260, 1918.

Bas.: Restrepia australis Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(6): 564, 1906.

Ety.: From the Latin australis , “southern,” referring to the distribution of the genus.

Syn: Restrepia loefgrenii Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(6); 565, 1906.

Ety.: Named in honor of Albert Lofgren who collected and illustrated this species.

Syn.: Barbosella loefgrenii (Cogn.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 262, 1918.

Syn.: Barbosella australis var. genuina Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4):74, 1947.

Syn.: Barbosella australis var. latipetala Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4):74, 1947.

Syn.: Barbosella australis var. loefgrenii (Cogn.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4):74, 1947.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 20 cm in length, the rhizome comparatively stout, elongat¬

ed, occasionally branching, 5-10 mm long between ramicauls, with a loose, tubular sheath near the

middle; roots slender, produced singly at the base of the ramicauls. Ramicauls ascending, 2-5 mm long,

enclosed by 1-2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 15-25 mm long,

6-10 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced

singly; peduncle slender, erect, 15-35 mm long; floral bract thin, oblique, 3-4 mm long, enclosing the

pedicel and part of the ovary; pedicel 1 mm long, with a filament 3 mm long; ovary smooth, 2.5 mm

long; sepals membranous, pale yellow-green, more or less suffused with pale purple, cellular-glandular

above the middle, the dorsal sepal free, suberect, narrowly ovate, narrowly obtuse, 13-21 mm long, 3 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, concave basally, 14-22 mm long, 5-6.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate 5-10 mm; petals membranous, colored as the sepals, narrowly ovate, acute, 7-11

mm long, 2.5-3.25 mm wide, the margins cellular-glandular; lip yellow, suffused with purple, suboblong,

5-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex shallowly bifid into two obtuse angles, the sides broadly angled, the

disc with a pair of pyramidal calli below the middle, the base rounded, deeply concave, articulated with

the bulbous apex of the column-foot; column slender, 4-5 mm long, the apex hooded, bidentate, the foot

thick with the apex of the ovary, the apex free, bulbous.

BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Ferromecco, 1889, A. Kunert 40 (Holotype: BR). Parana: Roca Nova,

18 May 1909, P. Dusen 8138 (AMES, HBG, S); Munic. Quatro Barras, Rancho Velho, 20 June 1945, G.

Hatschbach 12634 (US). Rio de Janeiro: epiphytic in forest above Petropolis, alt. 1500 m, cultivated by

Verboonen, 21 Oct. 1988, C. Luer 13756 (MO). Sao Paulo: humid forest near Bocaina, 26 Mar. 1894,

Lofgren illustr. 36, A. Lofgren & G. Edwall Comm . Geogr. & Geol. 2303 (holotype of B. loefgrenii : SP;

isotype: BR); Alto da Serra, Mata da Estasao Biologica, A. Gehrt 5612 (AMES, HB, NY).

When Cognaiux first described this species, it was the southernmost known

species described in the genus Restrepia. He simultaneously described a smaller

form as R. loefgrenii. Barbosella australis is variable in size in its range through

the mountains of southern Brazil. An unusually large-flowered form illustrated here

is cultivated at Orquidario Binot in Petropolis and at J & L Orchids at Easton, CT.

The species is recognized by the creeping habit, and conspicuous, membranous

flowers larger than most of the suberect, elliptical leaves. The flowers are charac¬

terized by the oblong lip, broadly forked at the apex, and a pair of pyramidal calli

on the disc in front of the basal cavity.

Barbosella circinata Luer, Selbyana 3: 204, 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin circinatus , “coiled around at the apex,” referring to the 180 bend of the

pedicel and ovary in addition to the 180° bending backward of the flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly repent, the rhizome stout, branching, 2-7 mm long

between ramicauls; roots slender, produced from nodes along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending to

erect, stout, 3-7 mm long, enclosed by 1-2 thin sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, the surface

minutely subpustulate, narrowly elliptical, acute, 2-3 cm long, 0.4-0.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary, inverted flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle

5-7 cm long, with a close bract below the middle; floral bract thin, tubular, oblique, 4 mm long, enclos¬

ing the pedicel; pedicel 4 mm long, bent at the apex, with a filament equally long; ovary arcuate 180°,

lightly ribbed; sepals membranous, pale yellow, lightly suffused with brown, the middle sepal lower¬

most, narrowly linear-triangular, 13 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, slightly thickened above the

middle, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into an ovate, deeply concave synsepal, 13 mm long, 5 mm

wide unexpanded, the apex slightly acuminate, acute, minutely bidentate; petals parallel, narrowly ellip-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

tical, acute, 5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, microscopically verrucose; lip oblong, fleshy, broadly obtuse, 3.5

mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc lightly longitudinally bicallose, channeled, the base concave to accom¬

modate the end of the column-foot; column stout, semiterete, broadly winged above the middle, 3.5 mm

long, the foot I mm long with the end bulbous.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: epiphytic in cloud forest above Camp Escopeta, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1700 m, 16

Feb. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.L. Dressier 1575 (Holotype: SEL). Code: El Valle, collected by A.

Maduro, cultivated at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, 18 Nov. 1998, C. Luer 18965 (MO).

This species with non-resupinate flowers is unique in the genus. In all the other

species the middle sepal is presented uppermost while the synsepal and lip are

lowermost. This position is accomplished by a 180° adaxial, or backward bend of

the flower at the apex of the peduncle. In B. circinata the middle sepal is presented

lowermost with the synsepal and lip uppermost. This is accomplished by an addi¬

tional 180° bend of the pedicel and ovary, not a twist.

Barbosella circinata is apparently endemic in the wet forests of western Pana¬

ma. It is most closely allied to the common B. prorepens , with which it is sympatric.

The uppermost synsepal of B. circinata is more deeply concave and acuminate.

The unpaired sepal, petals and lip are not remarkably different.

Barbosella cogniauxiana (Spegazzini & Kraenzl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni

Veg. 15:260, 1918.

Bas.: Restrepia cogniauxiana Spegazzini & Kraenzl., Orchis 2: 127, t. 21, 1908

Ety.. Named in honor of Alfred Celestin Cogniaux, Belgian botanist, well-known for his work in

Brazilian orchids.

Syn.: Restrepia porschii Kraenzl., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 46(10): 51, 1911.

Ety.. Named in honor of Professor Otto Porsch of Vienna, Austria, a friend of Kranzlin.

Syn.: Barbosella porschii (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 263, 1918.

Syn.: Barbosella handroi Hoehne, Bol. Agric. (Sao Paulo) 34 : 613, 1933.

Ety.: Named in honor of Oswaldo Handro, gardener of the Jardim Botanico, Sao Paulo.

Syn.: Barbosella riograndensis Dutra apud Pabst, Sellowia 10: 133, 1959, nomen nudum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis spegazziniana L.O.Williams, Lilloa 6 : 243, 1941.

ty.. Named in honor of Carlo Luigi Spegazzini, Argentinan botanist, co-author of R. cogniauxiana.

ally branchin^^mrTiA lo " g " repent ’ sclent, the rhizome comparatively stout, elongated, occasion-

duced from nodefarJr,h T'^! enC '° Sed by 2 ,hin ’ ,ubular shea * hs - ^shy. pro-

sheaths I eaf suberect thickl ' ZOme an i |Cau l s ascending, 2-4 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular

3 7 mm wtde ^ ,0 narrow,y el,i P (ical > to obtuse, 8-25 mm long,

singly peduncle slender erect T s e subpe * lolate base - Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced

parfof °" 8; fl °; al b ;r ,hin ’ 2 - 4 mm >°"8- enclosing the pedicel and

sepals membranou^light yellow ? 'f 'ong; ovary l-..5mm long;

acute. 11-16 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide 3 vLed the la."' ^ Sepal free ’ ereCt ’ narrowly linear '

rowly linear-ovate, obtuse, more or less shortlv bifid li ' SCPa S connate t0 near the a P ex int0 a nar ’

-id.. to. 11.16l«g. MJ

attenuate and semiterete above the middle lin vellrL ac “ tc \ 6 u 5 ‘ 8 * 5 mm 1 mm wide, long-

gulate-oblong, slightly dilated near the middle 3 5-3 75 mm “one 7 'f 'vF* me . dial ! y ’ thick ’ n u eshy ’

obtuse, the disc with a pair of low indistinct carinae nJUTJ l : 5 mm w,de ’ the apex subacute to

lowly concave below the middle, the base rounded deenlv m feature less toward the apex, shai-

the column-foot; column stout, winged above tht itwe/thTrd T’ art . ,Culated w,th the bulbous apex of

thick at the apex of the ovary, the apex free bulbous ^ ^ 2 ^ ° ng ’ the apex cucu,late ’ the foot

ARGENTINA: Misiones: near the villa 2 e of San i lrk/%0

Isotype: HBG); Gral. M. Belgrano. Bemfrdo de Irieoven’ uTj. 9 ° 8 ’ Spegazzini s n - (Holotype: LPS;

(BAB); Gral. M. Belgramo, Zona Delicia near C KT ’ , L '^ ercontlnenta| . M.N. Correa el al. 7023

El Pirtalito, San Pedro, alt. 750 m 10 Jan 1991 A / fc " * n III m ’ 8 Pe ' 5, '7 Johnson 024 (MO);

BRAZIL Parana: Villa VeCaU. m S Feb S’ P ‘T 15298 '

isotypes: AMES, NY); Villa Velha, 27 Apr 1909 p Dust* ( ho| otype of B. porschii. S;

100 m, 20 Nov. 1967, F.C. Brieger /7« (M) FortalemTe k f n ( , HBG); Villa Velha - N™caba, alt.

Nova. 16 Mar. 1911, P Dusen 11552 (AMES f „ J* l9 '°- P *«*• MM(AMES, S); Roca

(AMES, S), Jaguanahyva, 5 Mar. 1916, P. Dusen 17962 (AMES,

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

NY, S); 20 Mar. 1912, P. Dusen 14007 (S). Santa Catarina: 1951,7./?. Reitz 4805 (AMES). Rio de

Janeiro: above Petropolis, purchased from Orquidario Binot, flowered in cultivation by J & L Orchids,

Easton, CT., 5 May 1990, C. Luer 14750 (MO). Santa Catarina: Horto Forestal I.N.P. Ibirama, alt. 300

m, 6 Mar. 1956, R. Klein 1904 (NY). Sao Paulo: epiphytic in Parque do Estado, Jardim Botanico, 15

Dec. 1930, O. Handro s.n. (holotype of B. handroi: SP; isotypes: AMES, HB, NY,), C. Luer illustr.

14733. Without locality, cultivated by Floralia in Petropolis, C. Luer 18270 (MO).

This species is widely distributed in southern Brazil and adjacent northern

Argentina. It is closely related to the frequent and widely distributed B. prorepens

of Central America and the Andes, and can be considered an austral counterpart.

Barbosella cogniauxiana differs from B. prorepens in having a smaller habit with a

longer, slenderer, creeping rhizome. The small, erect leaves vary from broadly

elliptical and obtuse to narrowly obovate and acute. Extremes in the shape of the

leaves suggest specific differences, but any trivial variation in the floral parts is not

constant in the vegetative variations.

The floral parts of B. cogniauxiana and B . prorepens are extremely similar. The

lip of B. cogniauxiana is broadly and shallowly concave above the concave base as

seen in B. prorepens , with a pair of low, indistinct calli near the middle. The lip of

B. prorepens has a pair of more or less well-defined calli flanking the shallow

cavity above the basal cavity, and often also with three, low calli on the apical third.

Barbosella crassifolia (Edwall) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 261,

1918

Bas.: Restrepia crassifolia Edwall, Revista Centro Sci. Campinas 2: 193,1903.

Ety.: From the Latin crassifolius , “thick-leaved,” referring to the foliage.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hamburgensis Kraenzl., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Hand! 46: 49, 1911.

Ety.: Named for Hamburgerberg in Rio Grande do Sul where the plant was collected.

Syn.: Barbosella crassifolia var. arislala Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo n.s. forma minor 2(4):

75. t. 23, fig. 3. 1947.

Syn.: Barbosella crassifolia var. arislala Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4): 75, 1947.

Syn.: Barbosella crassifolia var. genuina Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4): 75 1 .

Syn.: Barbosella crassifolia var. minor Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4): 75, 1947_

Syn.: Barbosella hamburgensis (Kraenzl.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2(4): 75, 1947.

Syn.: Barbosella crassifolia var. hamburgensis (Kraenzl.) Garay, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12.

178, 1952.

Plant very small, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 5 or 10 cm in length, forming dense mats, the rhi¬

zome slender, elongated, frequently branching, 1-4 mm long between ramicauls enclosed by 1-3i thin,

tubular sheaths; roots slender but as thick as the rhizome, produced singly at nodes along the rhizome.

Ramicauls ascending, 0.5-0.75 mm long, enclosed by I thin, tubular sheath. Leaf prostrate, thickly

coriaceous, suborbicular to elliptical, the apex entire, obtuse to rounded, 3-8 mm long 2.5-3 mm wide

the rounded base contracted into the nearly absent petiole. Inflorescence a 50 '< a, I"°* er ’ £****

singly by a slender, erect peduncle, 15-28 mm long, with a minute bract below the m ddle, floral bract

obHque 1 mm long, enclosing the pedicel; pedicel 0.25-0.5 mm long, with a filament 1 mm long; ovary

smooth,’0.75-1 mm long; sepals membranous, pale yellow, occasionally suffused with purple toward the

base, the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly ovate, acute 4 mm long,1 mm wide, 3 - v ®'" e ^' h ® “' er “'

sepals ovate, oblique, connate 2.5 mm into an ovate, bifid synsepal, 3.5 mm long. 3.5 mm wide 6-

veined, the apices acute; petals membranous, pale yellow, narrowly linear-ovate, acute, 4 mm long 08

mm wide- lip dark purple, ovate-trilobed. 2.5-3 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, the apical lobe ovate-

oblong, subacute to obtuse, the lateral lobes near the middle, erect broadly triangular,

the disc smooth except for a low pair of converging call, above the base, the base rounded1 with a sha

cavity to accommodate the apex of the column-foot; column slender, 1.5 mm long, the apex hooded,

denticulate, the foot 1 mm long, the apex free, articulated with the base of the lip.

BRAZIL: Sao Paulo: epiphytic in forest near Morro Pellado, G. Edwall s.n. (Holotype: ?); ButanUn, 6

Sept. 1917, A. Gehrt 495 (AMES, NY), C. Luer illustr. 14790; Villa Emma

US) Minas Gerais: Munic. of Betim, Fazenda do Cabui, near Contagem, alt. 950 m, 7 Oct. 1945, L.O.

Williams & V Assis 7608 (AMES, MO). Rio Grande do Sul: epiphytic on tree trunks of primary forest,

Hamburgerberg 27 Oct. 1892, CAM. Lindman 459 (holotype of P. hamburgensis : HBG; isotypes:

AMES, S). Bahia: Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas, alt. 1500 m, 12 Dec. 1988, R.M. Harley 27.19

(CEPEC, IBUSP, K, SPF).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species apparently is not rare in the mountains of southern Brazil.

Although individually minute, the plants form dense, thick mats with numerous

branching, intertwining rhizomes. The tiny leaves, sometimes more or less pros¬

trate, vary in size from four millimeters long and three millimeters wide to eight

millimeters long and two millimeters wide. Extremes of the vegetative forms

appear very distinct.

The flower, about as large as the leaf when it is suborbicular, is held high above

the foliage by a hairlike peduncle. The petals are longer than the sepals. The lip is

three-lobed, the oblique, lateral lobes standing erect near the middle. The disc is

smooth, except for a low pair of converging calli above the base.

Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.

1918.

Bas . Restrepia cucullata Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 108 1845.

y.. From the Latin cucullatus, “hooded,” referring to the apex of the column.

Syn.: Restrepiarhynchantha Rchb.f. & Warsz. Bonplandia 2: 114 1854

Ety.: From the Greek rhynchan.hos, “with beaklike flowers," referring to the flowers

Syn.: Reslrepia varicosa Lindl., Folia Orchid. Restrepia 3, 1859

1918. ^nchantha (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 263,

Ety.

Syn

Ety.

--’ txcycu. spec. inov. Regni Veg. 15: 263 19

szsszssz

, m . . . • w,th "arrow segments,” referring to the floral parts,

t medium in size to z. . F

Plant ^ US| rcremng to the tloral parts.

Ram Pi, °?' thC rhizome terrestrial, or lithophytic, repent or

Ramicauls stout, ascending to erect 0 5-2 cm Inno ’ i 3 j C J" ong be,ween ramicauls; roots coarse.

erecL fleshy. t h,k' y coriaceous. linear-obo va ," subacme' tol** 2 ?^^ ‘ 0 ° Se ’ ,ubular sheaths. Leaf

ally narrowed below into the subpetiolate base Inflnr bse ' 3-12 cm lon 8.0.5-1 cm wide, gradu-

erec , peduncle 8-18 cm long; floral bract thin ubular Ts ^ n ° wer ’ P roduced ^ a sender,

stout. 1-2 mm long, with a filament 2-4 mm lint atw 5 ' 5 T lon 8-closing the pedicel; pedicel

yellow or yellow-green, to orange. mm long; ^ membranous,

aeu,e - 25 ’ 45 mm ‘ong. l-3 mm 3 £ S Xpa ' free -«««. narrowly linear or

the base ^ a -Is‘ e ' laleral Sepals connate to the apex into!’ th ‘ Cke " ed above ,he middle, semiterete,

die base. 25-45 mm long. 6-13 mm wide, 6-veined mo " i ? ly ovate - acute ^mina, concave at

petals membranous, colored as the se D ak n »r™ i T ess cellular-pubescent below the middle

middle' *lip yellow t i-*” middR"

oblong 3 5 fi mr! 0 orange-brown, variously suffused with hm W,dC ’ th,ckened and terete above the

oblong, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide the anex X ♦ b ° Wn 0r pur P le ’ *ick, fleshy more or less

the apex of the ovary, the apex free, bulbous nm long - the a P« cucullate, the foot

V k-ioiype oXRestrepia antennifera var.

(holotype of B. longipes destroyed at B; neotype here designated: F.C. Lehmann H.K.31

Santander: Culaga, valley above Tapata, 5 Mar. 1927, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 20296,

Old dept, of Ocafia: alt. 7,000 ft., 1846-52, L Schlim 732 (BR, G, K, W). Valle del Cauca: Boqueron

del Quindio alt. 3300 m, 10 Mar. 1876, E. Andre 2172 (K); Barragan, Quebrada de la Chorrera, alt. 3000

m, 22^Apr.J946, J^Cuatrecas^m87 (AMES). Putumayo^Filo de Barniz, west of Mocoa, alt. 1700

alt. 2800 m, 9 Jan' 1957, m' 'ospina&JM.Idrobo /•5/^AMES); same area^lt. 2725^,28 N™?962!

M L. Bristol 392 (AMES). Tolima: between Manizales and Fresno, al

MO). Loja: “Loja,” E. Andres.n. ()

2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10862. 10886 (MO, QCNE). Napo: Rio

and La Liberia, alt. 2200 m, 4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & A. Hirtz 10001 (MO,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sometimes elongated rhizomes as well as abbreviated rhizomes are produced by the

same plant, thereby creating simultaneously both caespitose and repent elements.

The leaves are thick and fleshy, usually between a half and one centimeter wide,

usually over five centimeters long and borne by much shorter ramicauls. The

peduncles are usually much longer than the leaf and bear a solitary, large flower

with sepals usually over three centimeters long, and sometimes reaching over four

centimeters long. Although the flowers vary greatly in size and color, the morphol¬

ogy remains surprisingly stable. The color of the flowers varies from pale yellow or

green through orange and brown to purple.

A very similar but smaller taxon that does not reach the above vegetative and

floral dimensions was described as B. dolichorhiza. Its range extends into Central

America where it has been known as B. anaristella , published one year later.

The similar but much smaller B. prorepens is common within the same distribu¬

tion as B. cucullata. Populations intermediate between it and B. cucullata are

legion, far outnumbering the recognizable extremes. Accepting intermediate popu¬

lations as B. dolichorhiza seems preferable to naming each variation, at which time

it would become even more difficult to guess a determination.

A vegetatively distinct taxon with a similar inflorescence subject also to the

same variations of size and color, but with a densely caespitose habit with slender,

linear leaves no wider than three millimeters is recognized as B. fuscata. The

flowers are indistinguishable from those of B. cucullata.

The type of B. rhynchantha is confused by the addition of a broad leaf that cer¬

tainly originated from a species of another genus.

Barbosella dolichorhiza Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 117, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek dolichorhiza , “a long root,” referring to the root of the herbarium

specimen.

Syn Masdevallia anaristella Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 417, 1921.

l!:T h , e “ without '” combined with the Latin aristellus, “with little awns,” refer¬

ring to the lack of sepahne tails as compared to M. triaristella Rchb.f.

Syn.: Barbosella anaristella (Kraenzl.) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 114,1974.

l^ u arb0 A e J la t ra f Ux> ? m Schhr - Repen- Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 111 1923

By.. Named for the brothers Alfred and Alexander Cun Brade who collected this specimen.

Syn.: Pleura,balks bradeorum (Schltr.) Ames, Hubbard & Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Lead 3- 39 1934.

Syn.: Pleuro,balks anaristella (Kraenzl.) L.O.Williams, Ceiba 1: 186,1950.

erect 3-10 mm'lon^endo^'hv , ? C 't ^ esp ' lose 10 shortly repent; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending to

ly cm long 0^4*0'sc^w^de 3 '* 15 “*** C “ S - —

Inflorescence a solitarv flower „r,„t aV , CI " wide, narrowed below into the subpetiolate base

tubular 3 4 mm tong7ncZn* ¥ 8 a' 6 "?"' * reCt peduncle 4 -'° cm lo "S- ^ral bract thin,

ovary smoo,M5 2^ with a filament 1-2 mm long;

dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly linear-triangular acu e^ 5°23 mmT'^T’, ' an ’ ° r PUn>le ’'a®

thickened above the middle, the lateral sepals connate to hi It? 3 -™ ° ng ’ 5 mm wlde> 3 ’ veined>

lamina, concave toward the base, l4-23mm lone S R m ^a ' m ° 3 narr0wy triangular-ovate, acute

membranous, colored as the sepals, narrowly u n far ov^tTl* e * panded> 6 ' veined together; petals

scopically denticulate below the middle, 7-9 iJun l 0n o thicken a 1 ® marglns ceUular erose or micro-

purple or suffused with purple, more or less oblona^hvir en ® d ^ nd terete above the middle; lip yellow,

4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mmllde, thea^ex obtu^ lorountied 11" T m3rgi " S bel ° W ,he middle - 3 ‘

either side to near the middle, with a shallow ovate den’re«io S h WUh 3 P t' r ofconver 8 ln 8 calli from

rounded base deeply concave, articulated with the hulho be *ween them below the middle, the

often suffused with purple, stout wingedaCe he 2 “ ,^ ° f,he col “™-foot; column yellow,

thick with the apex free bulbous ® ® the middle ’ 2 SA mm lo "8. <he apex cucullate, the foot

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

COLOMBIA: Cauca: without locality, M. Madero s.n. (Holotype: destroyed at B). Antioquia: Mesopo¬

tamia, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 23 May 1995, C. Luer 17607 ( MO). Rlsaralda: near Pereira,

flowered in cultivation near Medellin by R. Londoflo, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14304 (MO).

ECUADOR: Bolivar: above Chillanes, alt. 2300 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & A.

Hirtz 9726 (Neotype of Barbosella dolichorhiza here designated: MO); north of Guaranda toward

Facundo Vela, alt. 2800 m, 24 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & A. Hirtz 9688 (MO). Napo:

Cosanga, alt. 2200 m, March 1984, A. Hirtz 1592 (MO). Sucumbios: La Bonita: alt. 1800 m, Feb. 1991,

A. Hirtz 5174 (MO). Pichincha: La Iberia, alt. 2700 m, 5 Nov. 1984, A. Hirtz 2060 (MO). Napo: along

Rio Borja, alt. 1700 m, 16 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrom & L. Amby 1345 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordil¬

lera del Condor, south of Paquisha, Rio Nangaritza, alt. 950 m, 11 Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer &

H. Wanntorp 1886 (MO).

PERU: Pasco: Oxapampa, elfin forest above Villa Rica, 20 Nov. 1987, D. E. Bennett, A. Bennett, M.

Chase & A. Vargas 4067 (MO); Puente Los Angeles below Cacazu, alt. 780 m, 17 Apr. 1993, collected

by Oliveros del Castillo, D.E. Bennett 6125 (MO); Nagazu, near Norte Villarica, alt. 1950 m, 1 Nov.

1992, collected by J. Campoverde, D.E. Bennett sub B 5803 (MO).

COSTA RICA: without locality, ca. 1867, A. Endres s.n. (holotype of B. anaristella : W); without locali¬

ty, ca. 1867, A. Endres 271 (W). Alajuela: San Isidro de San Ramon, alt. 1025 m, 12 Nov. 1923, AM.

Brenes 678 (CR, NY); San Carlos, Zapote, alt. 1400 m, 11 Oct. 1938, A. Smith HI276 (AMES). Hered¬

ia: Yerba Buena northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m, 22 Feb. 1926, PC. Standley & J. Valero 50175

(AMES); same area, alt. 1800 m, 15 Sept. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, K. Walter & C. Todzia 4191 (SEL).

San Jose: Tablazo, alt. 1900 m, 2 June 1910, A. & A. Curt Brade 1226 (Lectotype of B. bradeorum : RB;

illustr.: AMES); La Hondura de San Jose, 27 Oct. 1932, AM. Brenes 166 (AMES, CR); Vasquez de

Coronado, alt. 1300 m, 18 Dec. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Farrell 810 (CR, SEL). Cartago: Moravia, 1400

m, Oct. 1937, J. Valerio 2440 { AMES).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Camp Homito, Fortuna dam site toward Cerro Fortuna, alt. 1200 m, 16 Aug. 1976,

R.L. Dressier 5406 (MO). Code: El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, 30 June 1982, collected by H. Butcher, R.L.

Dressier 6058 (MO); alt. 1000 m, Dec. 1979, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressier et al. 4846 (SEL). Vera-

guas: Cerro Tute northwest of Santa Fe, alt. 950 m, 24 Oct. 1975, R.L. Dressier 5201 (MO).

The first binomial attributed to the large number of species intermediate bet¬

ween B. cucullata and B. prorepens is B. dolichorhiza from Colombia, one year

earlier than a description in Masdevallia by Kranzlin. Totally oblivious to the

genus Barbosella , Kranzlin described this species as M. anaristella in 1921 from a

nineteenth century collection by Endres in Costa Rica. He compared the tailless

synsepal to that of Masdevallia triaristella Rchb.f. Two years later, Schlechter

recognized another Costa Rican collection by the brothers Brade as B. bradeorum in

the correct genus.

Masdevallia dolichorhiza belongs in a widely distributed complex that is a

mixture of all the intermediate populations between the large B. cucullata and the

small B. prorepens. Large specimens of M. dolichorhiza approach B. cucullata and

smaller ones grade into B. prorepens , making identification often a matter of per¬

sonal judgment. The majority of the specimens cited above are intermediates,

probably composed of B. dolichorhiza , small specimens of B. cucullata , and large

specimens of B. prorepens. Typically, B. dolichorhiza is shortly repent to caespi-

tose, often forming dense masses with peduncles two to three times as long as the

narrow leaves. Except for the differences in size, the flowers of all three concepts

are similar. The sepals of B. dolichorhiza are between 15 and 25 millimeters long;

those of B. prorepens are usually between 6 and 13 millimeters long; and those of

B. cucullata exceed 25 millimeters, sometimes exceeding four centimeters in

length. In all three concepts the colors vary from yellow through brown to purple.

In common with the above species, the lip is ligulate, the concave base articulat¬

ed with the tip of the column-foot. The central depression above the cavity varies in

size and depth, and the apical portion above the depression exhibits more or less

thickening in varying degrees along the three nerves. Variations of the lip have

been used to try to differentiate the above three taxa, but this is impractical. The

specimens identified as B. anaristella and B. prorepens in the Orchids of Nicaragua

(Hamer, 1982) are both B. prorepens.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Barbosella dusenii (A.Samp.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 261, 1918.

Bas.: Restrepia dusenii A.Samp., Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 15: 5, 1909.

Ety.: Named in honor of Per Karl Hjalmar Dusen, Swedish botanist, who discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, scandent, the rhizome slender, elongated, occasionally branch¬

ing, 1-7 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

ascending, 1-1.5 mm long, enclosed by a thin, tubular sheath. Leaf suberect, thickly coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, subacute to obtuse, apiculate, 4-8 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence a solitary, pale yellow flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 22-40 mm long,

with a basal bract, from the base of the leaf; floral bract 1.5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and part of

the ovary; pedicel stout, 0.6-0.75 mm long, with a filament 1 mm long; ovary 0.6-0.75 mm long; sepals

membranous, the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly linear, acute, 8-8.5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, faintly

3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, acute, 8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 3-5 mm, concave at

the base, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, faintly 6-veined together; petals membranous, thickened toward the

apex, narrowly ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 1 mm wide, the margins cellular-denticulate; lip elliptical-

oblong, slightly concave, dilated near the middle, 2.6-3 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the

base truncate, with a cavity, finely pubescent anteriorly, articulated with the bulbous apex of the column-

foot, the disc with a low pair of longitudinal calli on the middle two-thirds; column stout, broadly

winged above the lower third, 2 mm long, the apex cucullate, toothed, the foot thick with the apex of the

ovary, the apex free, bulbous.

unr Z L L Yl f VC h n’ aU ‘ 900 m ’ 27 Apr ,909 ’ P Dus * n 8070 (Holotype: S; Isotypes: AMES,

a L uC ^ UStr ‘ 14792; Same locaIit y> 27 Apr. 1914, P. Dusen 14767 (AMES, K, NY,

7 pr ‘ u U ' P c Dus ™ sn - (AMES); Bituc una, Rio Iguazu, Salto Grande, G. Hatsch-

Ba tt a 2" Jaq T , y u a ’ c ^ ar 1916 ’ R Dus ™ 17962 < AMES ’ NY ’ S). Sao Paulo: Itarare,

Garden #13069 rm ^iqsa ^ atEar ' no » Aug. 1982, cultivated at the Sao Paulo Botanical

Uarden, #13069,23 May 1986, C. Luer 11620 (MO).

This minute, creeping species is closely related to B. cogniauxiana , and is little

™° r f * an a *J cxtrcmcl y small vegetative variation. Barbosella dusenii is distin-

b o tHe Smaller Vegetative P a rts, the tiny leaves being broadly ellipti-

e owers, owever, are only slightly smaller than the usual size of those of

JSSTi m ' nord " a ‘l s of the lip. Both have shallow

2^"? 8 " P ° f "* b “' P»ir of calli on the cente,

OI the disc are more prominent in B. dusenii.

Barbosella fuscata Garay, Orquideologia 4: 153 1969

Ely.. From the Ubn/toato. “darkened,” referring ,o the dark color of the dower.

erect. 5**0 mm loITg! enclosed by^Z^o^"^^ C * eSp j ,0Se; roots slender Ramicauls slender,

ly linear, semiterele. acute. 3-8 cm (occasion^ Uaf erect ’ thick| y coriaceous, narrow-

Ease epetiolate. ^ Cm wide - 0 2 -°' 3 'hick, the

long; floral bract thin, tubular 3-4 mm lone enri P - U £ Cd S, ? g y ’ P eduncl e slender, erect, 10-14 cm

filament I -2 mm long; ovary smooth 3-4 mm 1 ! 8 th , C ped,cel; P edicel s «>ut, 1 -2 mm long, with a

the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly linear-triano 8 ! SCpa S me ™hranous, yellow-brown to dark purple,

thickened above the middle, "hS!'^stnnl a UrJ!^ rnm lon 8. I -5 mm wide, J-veined!

lamina, concave at the base, 25-45 mm lone 6-7 a P ex ,n to a narrowly triangular-ovate, acute

thickened and narrowly terete above the middle coU^h'I ?iL 6 ‘ ve, " ed to g e *her; petals membranous,

ovate, acute, 9-11 mm long; lip orange-brown to numlp 6 Sep f s ’ celIul ar-ciliate, narrowly linear-

below the middle, 3.5-4,5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide the ' rnore or less oblong with thin erect margins

calli above the middle, with an elliptical concavitv near rh* rounded ’ the d »sc with a pair of low

cavity, articulated with the bulbous apex of the colum f™ C . above tEe ,amell ae that form the basal

m * “.st *&tszsz

frniTr Munic El Reti 'o, Hda No^tdia' IT™ ‘ ^'“""’orquideas. 16 May 1993,

Quebrada del R>o San Marcos between Jard. ^ m ’ 2 Dec 1956 ’ M ° s P ina H 62

1943, J. Cuatrecasas 14742 (AMES). Janiln and San R afael, alt. 2700-2900 m, 25 July

ICONES PLEUROTHALL1DINARUM

This miniature species and Barbrodria miersii were first collected by John

Miers in the Organ Mountains of southern Brazil where it is still found commonly

today. Professor Gardner dispatched specimens of both species to Lindley at Kew.

Although minute-leaved, this tiny species forms dense, thick mats of entwining

rhizomes. The creeping rhizome produces at intervals of a few millimeters a tiny,

suberect leaf. Numerous small flowers are produced frequently, sometimes in

profusion, on threadlike peduncles.

The flowers are characterized by the panduriform lip, dilated by broadly round-

ed ‘ a r'' 0bes bel0W the middle ’ 311(13 broad >y dilated middle lobe from above the

middle. The obtuse apex is abruptly acuminate into a pointed tip. The minute base

is articulated with the tip of the column-foot.

fr0m cultlvated material at the Hamburg Botanical Garden

on 7 and 12 July 1921 are annotated Pleurothallis capiUipes Kranzl. n. sp. They are

erroneously attnbuted to a Mexican collection by Purpus in 1912.

Bar Sv S H , r! a m ^ n ? inata Luer ’ Ph y‘°'°gia46: 345,1980.

Ely.. From the Uttn gemmae, “doubled, paired," referring to the paired leaves.

elongated, (xcasionally bmnchmr^'iT' 8 ^^ 1 !, 1 ’ scandent ’ U P 10 1 meter in length, the rhizome stout,

die; foots slender°produced n sin l glv at'fhe , anrrfnr e K Wee \ n with 3 ,ubular sheath near ,he mid ‘

produced in pairs, 3-8 mm long 8 enclosed hv l i u ^ se J ment of rhlzome Ramicauls ascending,

linear-obovate, acute, 2.5-5 cm lone n i ns ^ ar sheaths - Leaf suberect, thickly coriaceous,

base Inflorescence a solitary flower’ DroducJ?d W1 , de ’ gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate

thin, oblique, tubular, 4 mm lone endosino th S ^’ P eduncle slender * erect, 4-5 cm long; floral bract

mm long; ovary smooth, 2 ^ St ° Ut ’ 1 mm lon *’ with a fllament 34

narrowly linear-ovate, acute 12 tLlon/fs ™ embran ° us * h 8 ht yellow, the dorsal sepal free, erect,

into a narrowly ovate, acute lanT, 3 7™*^ lateral sepals connate to the apex

together; petals membranous, yellow narrowlv <w« aSe ’ *' long ’ 5 n,m wide expanded, 6-veined

above the middle, the margins microscooicaMv ? 111111 long ’ 1 25 mm wide ' long-attenuate

hgu late-oblong, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wideV ® ow the mid dle; lip yellow, thick, fleshy,

with the bulbous apex of the coTln tm ° bt ^’ ,he base rounded - deeply concave, articulated

cavuy, shallowly concave betwee^M^,' of infolded forming the basal

the apex cucullate, the foot thick with theTpex of th' gl,udl " al| y Wln 8 ed above the middle, 2 mm long,

COSTA RICA Si' C ° Vary ’ thC apcx bulbous.

Z302 S (A ( MP«I yPe; SEL) - ^ Luermusu°483 f o re ^* c V ^k V ! Si6n ’ alt ' 2850 m ' Dec - 1979 < KS Wa,ter

of <Ln i* 77 3(NY); Vara Blanca Dec miT el , S) Heredia Ga'Hto de Heredia, 23

collected on severaloccaL'nH^ species had been

descnpt.cn in 1980. Although so distinct m Costa Rica long before its

fied as B. monstrabilis , a smaller far less i erent ’ dlese coR ections were identi-

prorepens. The rhizomes of A gem/ J,? n °" 8 ‘ repent f °nn conspecific with B.

three to six centimeters along a branching rhizom^k Pa ‘ r ° f leaves at interva,s of

when untangled. 8 rhlzome *at may reach a meter in length

The small flowers are very similar to those of th*

ed B. prorepens , but the dorsal sepal and ^ COmmon 3,1(1 wi dely distribut-

terete above the middle. P ofB ‘ Semmata are not as fleshy and

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

Barbosella macaheensis (Cogn.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis macaheensis Cogn., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 63: 310, 1907.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, up to ca. 5 cm long, the rhizome slender, 2-4 mm long between

ramicauls; roots slender, produced singly at the base of the ramicauls. Ramicauls ascending to erect, 2-6

mm long, enclosed by 1-2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate,

subacute, 15-25 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence a

solitary flower, produced singly; peduncle slender, erect, 25-35 mm long; floral bract thin, inflated-

infundibular, 1.5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and ovary; pedicel 0.25 mm long; ovary I mm long;

sepals membranous, appear to have been light yellow or white, the dorsal sepal free, narrowly linear,

acute, 6.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate 3 mm into an ovate-triangular, bifid

synsepal, 7 mm long, 4 mm wide, 6-veined, with the apices acute; petals membranous, narrowly ovate,

subfalcate, acute, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip oblong-panduriform, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, ovate,

acute and concave above the basal cavity, the basal cavity proportionately large, deeply concave, articu¬

lated with the bulbous apex of the column-foot; column slender, 3 mm long, the apex hooded, the foot 1

mm long with the free apex bulbous.

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Alto Macahe, 6 July 1891,/!. Glaziou s.n. (Holotype: BR), C. Luer illustr.

19123; without locality, A. Glaziou 18535a (BR), C. Luer illustr. 19125.

Cogniaux described this species in the genus Pleurothallis , failing to note the

details of the lip correctly. It is apparently rare, not known to have been collected

since two collections by Glaziou a century ago. The small species is distinguished

by the creeping habit, and pedicels that bear the flowers above narrowly obovate

leaves. The flowers appear to have been non-resupinate by a bending backward of

the peduncle. The sepals are membranous with the dorsal sepal narrowly linear and

the synsepal much broader and bifid. The petals are short and subfalcate. The basal

cavity of the base of the lip is proportionately large, and the apical two-thirds of the

lip is ovate, concave and acute. The features of the lip are somewhat distorted, and

their description may need to be modified, if another specimen is ever discovered.

Barbosella orbicularis Luer, Selbyana 3: 10, 1976.

Ety.: From the Latin orbicularis , “orbicular,” referring to the shape of the leaves.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome comparatively stout, occasionally branching, 1-5

mm long between ramicauls, with a tubular sheath near the middle; roots comparatively stout, produced

from nodes of the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending to horizontal, about 1 mm long, enclosed by a thin,

loose, tubular sheath. Leaf prostrate, more or less overlapping, thickly coriaceous, often suffused with

purple, suborbicular, 3 mm long and wide to 8 mm long and wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, the

rounded base contracted into a petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced

singly; peduncle slender, erect, 4-5 mm long; floral bract thin, oblique, tubular, 1.5 mm long, enclosing

the pedicel; pedicel stout, 0.5 mm long, with a filament 1 mm long; ovary smooth, 1 mm long; sepals

light yellow-green, suffused with rose toward the base, the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly ovate,

narrowly obtuse, 5-7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, convex, thickened and microscopically short-

pubescent above the middle, the lateral sepals connate to the middle or to near apex into an ovate, obtuse,

bifid lamina, concave at the base, 5-6 mm long<4.5-5 mm wide expanded, 6-veined together, petals

yellow, linear-ovate, acute, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, thickened, semiterete and cellular-

glandular above the middle, the margins microscopically erose; lip purple or dull yellow, suffused with

rose centrally, oblong-trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, the middle lobe oblong, obtuse, the

lateral lobes near the middle, erect, ovate, obtuse, the base rounded, deeply concave, articulated with the

bulbous apex of the column-foot, the disc featureless; column stout, longitudinally winged above the

middle, 2 mm long, the apex cucullate, the foot thick with the apex of the ovary, the apex free, bulbous.

PANAMA: Panama: epiphytic near La Eneida, Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 25 Dec. 1967, R. L. Dressier

3285 (Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in forest along the Llano-Carti road, alt. 350 m, 3 Mar. 1976, C. Luer,

J. Luer, P Taylor & R.L. Dressier 1059 (SEL).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: without locality. Sept. 1974, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1330 ; Cerro Sarisanftama, alt.

1300 m, flowered in cultivation July 1980, G.C.K. Dunsterville s.n. (VEN); Heres, Cerro Marutani, alt.

1200 m, 11 Jan. 1981, J. Steyermark, B. Maguire, C. Brewer Carias & V. Careho V. 1239 73 (MO,

VEN).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in tall forest north of Macas, alt. 1050 m, 15 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer, J. Luer. P. Jesup, A. Jesup, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 13911A (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This tiny species is widely but locally distributed in eastern Panama, eastern

Ecuador, and on the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela. It is related to the Brazilian

B. crassifolia , which is distinguished by a much longer peduncle and smaller flow¬

ers with comparatively larger lateral lobes of the lip.

Resembling some species of Peperomia, the small, overlapping, smooth, pros¬

trate, rounded leaves of B. orbicularis form broad mats that cover the bark of trunks

of large trees in wet forests. Although small, the shortly pedunculate flower is as

large as or larger than some of the leaves.

Barbosella prorepens (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 263,

1918. 5 5,

Bas.: Restrepia prorepens Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 810, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin prorepens , “repent,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Pleurothallis dussii Cogn., Symb. Antill. 6: 413 1909

Ety.: Named in honor of the Rev. Pere Antoine Duss, who discovered this species.

Syn : brenesii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 201, 1923.

1 ty. Named in honor of A.M. Brenes who collected the specimen described.

Syn.: Pleurothallis monstrabilis Ames, Sched. Orchid. 6: 63, 1923.

' Fr ° m the Latin monstra bHis, “worthy to be shown,” Ames’ opinion of the plant.

Msasr- **——*

prorepens < Rchbf > Ames. Hubbard & Schweinf.. Bo,. Mus. Leafl. 3: 39.

Syn, Barbosellacaespitifica (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Garay, Orquideologia 9- 114 1974

Syn, Barbosella monstrabilis (Ames) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 114, 1974

S™ ■ T,T'n l f me,KK <KraenZl) ^ 0r 9 ui deo | ogia 9: 114, 1974, nomen. illeg.

Syn.. Barbosella dussii (Cogn.) Dod, Moscosoa 4: 192,1986. 8

produced singly orZpaZ% S -5°mm lZm n enclosedh t< Tx slender Ra micauls ascending to erect,

ly coriaceous, sometimes semite^e to fr’ioue ^ ** Z\ tubular sheath ^ Leaf erect, fleshy, thick-

*.de. gradually narrowed be“mZ lh^i TZ™'* ° b ° Va,e ’ Subacute * l cm long. 2-4 mm

singly; peduncle slender, erect 2-5 cm lone- fin fi 1 asc nPorescen cc a solitary flower, produced

pcdtcel; pedicel stout. 0.5-1 mmlLg^a^l^ ? m ’ ^ long. enclosing the

sepals membranous, light yellow, to light vellow ' 2 01111 long; ovar y smooth, 1-1.5 mm long;

free, erect, narrowly linear or linear-ovate, acutf^M^”?"* 8 ? UffllSed Wlth purple - ,he dorsal se P al

above the middle, semiterete, the lateral sepals connate o, °° g ’ •" 5 mm Wlde - 3-veined, thickened

concave at the base. 9-15 mm long, 3 5-6 mm wM e I* !**** 'T 3 0arr0wly ova,e - acu,e lamina,

the sepals, narrowly linear-ovate, acute the main's JtM t0ge ' her; P*' 8 ' 8 membranous, colored as

mm long thickenetl and terete above the middle fin venn“ " *"!?* ° r micros copically denticulate, 5-7

middle, thick, fleshy, more or less oblong with .h!^^' ? UffuSed wi,h PM® across the

I 5 mm wKle, the apex obtuse to rounded the disc-with marglns be!low the middle, 2-3 mm long, 0.75-

smn e L S .' de 10 l b ° Ve ' he middle ' sometimes with a Ztilar JdT °vl ° W ’ obscure ’ converging calli from

sion between them and below the middle communicaZo i u wi,h a shallow, ovate depres-

with the bulbous apex of the column-foot column vellif Z rounded cavi <y at the base, articulated

dmally winged above the middle. 2-2 5 mm lonT ,h H ’ ° fte " SufTused Purple stout longitu-

ovaot. the apex free, bulbous. mm '° ng - ,he ape * ‘“collate, the foot thick wTth the a^x of .he

LOSTA RICA: without locality ca 18^7

(W). Alajuela: San Pedro de San Raml £ "at e |075 m H N ° ,y Z-, W); wi ' hou ' 'o«my. ^dres 71 271

brenes,, presumably destroyed a, B, lectotm C R i JT’ ^ 1921 ' AM Brene ° (holowpeof B.

Sept. 1921, A M. Brenes 123 (AMES CR NYv i p Ctotypes: AMES, NY); same area alt 1075 m

’ Huber & W. Zuchowski 9092 (CR Mn/ u’ ’ Abangares, Rio Negro,

' ■ M0) - Here dia Vara Blanca, alt. 2000

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

variations are illustrated by Reichenbach for the type of the species in Xenia Orchi-

daceae. The leaves are produced singly or in pairs, suggesting a gradation into B.

geminata. The flowers vary only in trivialities. Reichenbach’s crude figure of the

lip with basal lobules is misleading.

Larger Central American plants with similar but larger flowers borne by longer

peduncles had been recognized as B. anaristella, now treated as B. dolichorhiza.

Unfortunately, intermediate forms exist. Some individuals of the latter overlap in

size with those of the large Andean B. cucullata.

Apparently unaware of B. prorepens , Ames described Pleurothallis monstrabi-

lis, comparing it to his Pleurothallis repens which is a Platystele. Barbosella

brenesii appears to be a caespitose, purple-flowered form of B. prorepens in Costa

Rica. The habit of the extremely long-repent, double-leaved B. geminata is distinc¬

tive in spite of the flowers being indistinguishable.

Barbosella caespitifica was described from an Andean collection by Lehmann.

Plants are relatively common, and numerous forms are to be found. Each popula¬

tion differs from another, as well as from the Central American forms of B. prore¬

pens, so that it is difficult to decide that a real specific difference exists. Superfi¬

cially, all the flowers appear the same; only the tiny, converging calli of the lip vary

slightly from population to population. The three low calli on the apical third of the

lip often seen in specimens from Central America are less distinct in the Andes.

Typically, B. prorepens is small with leaves less than five centimeters long, and

peduncles shorter than or up to twice as long as the leaves. The color of the flowers

i. usually pale yellow, but purple forms occur. The sepals are less than two cen¬

timeters long. All the lips are basically similar. Barbosella prorepens is little more

than a small, vegetative form of the sympatric, robust B. cucullata . Although the

wnrth Cm f S COm P oun e( * ^ intermediate forms, I believe that the extreme forms are

worthy of recognition, with the intermediates recognized as B. dolichorhiza,

Barbosella ricii Luer & Vasquez, sp. nov

Ely, Named m honor of Darwin Ric of Montero, Bolivia, who discovered this species.

caespitoso. foliis angustissiXTus^formth * Rcbb :jj\ Sc jl ,tr - affinis, sed habitu densissime ascendenti

bicalloso difTert. * f ^*>rm.bus-ovo.de.s, floribus majoribus et labello oblongo obscure

ascending to erect! M*5 mnTlone ascending_re P ent; roots slender. Ramicauls

coriaceous, narrowiy fusifoZ-clvofd ^ “ sheaths ‘ Le * f erect, fleshy, thickly

2-3 mm wide, more or less abruptly narrowed heir! erete ; inear : narr owly subacute, sessile, 2-5 cm long,

produced singly; peduncle slender, erect 5-8 cm 1mfi 6 S f^ SlIe base Inflorescence a solitary flower,

the pedicel; pedicel stout, 0.5-1 mm long, with a fiH^nt? thm ’ tubular ’ 2 ‘ 3 mm long, enclosing

light yellow-green, the dorsal sepal free erect nar™ i . 2 mm ong; ovary sm ooth, 2 mm long; sepals

1 5 mm wide, 3-veined, semiterete above the middle th . mear or Enear-ovate, acute, 13-18 mm long, 1-

ly ovate lamina, concave at the base, 13-17 mm i nn % atera connate to the apex into a narrow-

green narrowly linear-ovate, acute, the margins celLar^T^’ 6 " veined together; petals yellow-

ong. I mm wide, thickened above the middle lin veil SC or m,cr °scopically denticulate, 5 mm

below the middle. 3 mm long, 1.25 mm wide the a^x *!?*’ oblon 6 w ' th thin erect margins

on the apical third, the disc cleft below the middte into tt,^' th * d,sc w,th 311 obscure pair of low calli

bulbous apex of the column-foot; coliunngreen^sto'uMnno w basal cavi ^ articulated with the

,0 “ ,h ^ t w,,h ^ ^ 3 mm

L ‘” 1 ”“ h " f ''•ftM, alt. 600 m. 7 Sept. 1991, C. Luer. J.

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

This species, known from a seasonally dry forest of the lowland plains of north-

central Bolivia, is closely related to the B. prorepens- complex. The larger flowers

of B. ricii resemble those of B. dolichorhiza. Vegetatively, B. ricii is distinguished

by the narrowly fusiform-ovoid leaves that are abruptly narrowed below at the ses¬

sile base, and borne by very short ramicauls. The habit appears very similar to that

of several species of Dryadella. The extremely abbreviated rhizomes create great

masses of densely packed leaves that accumulate on the trunks of large trees.

Barbosella schista Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 7, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek schistos, “cleft,” referring to the free lateral sepals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, long-repent, scandent, up to 1 meter in length, the rhizome stout,

elongated, occasionally branching, 1-2 cm long between ramicauls, with a tubular sheath near the mid¬

dle; roots thick, produced singly or doubly at the apex (or base) of a segment of rhizome. Ramicauls

ascending, produced in pairs, 8-10 mm long, enclosed by 1-2 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect,

thickly coriaceous, linear-elliptical, subacute, 3-4.5 cm long, 0.7-0.9 cm wide, gradually narrowed below

into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced singly; peduncle slender, erect, 9-

11 cm long; floral bract thin, oblique, tubular, 4-5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel; pedicel stout, 1.5 mm

long, with a filament 3.5 mm long; ovary smooth, 2.5 mm long; sepals membranous, dark red-brown, the

inner halves of the laterals light tan, the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly linear, acute, 24 mm long, 1.5

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular, acute, connate 5 mm, 25 mm long, 7 mm

wide, concave basally; petals membranous, red-brown, narrowly ovate, acute, 10 mm long, 1.25 mm

wide, the margins microscopically serrulate; lip green, suffused with purple-brown, thick, fleshy, li-

gulate-oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, the apex acute, the base rounded, deeply concave, articulated

with the bulbous apex of the column-foot, the disc with a shallow, central cavity, with a pair of low,

rounded calli above the middle; column greenish white, stout, longitudinally winged above the middle, 4

mm long, the apex cucullate, the foot thick with the apex of the ovary, the apex free, bulbous.

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: epiphytic in cloud forest, Alto de San Francisco, alt. 2750 m, 6 May

1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7751 (Holotype: SEL; Isotypes: COL, JAUM).

This vinelike species is apparently restricted to the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia where it has been found on only one occasion. It is little more than a

small form within the B. cucullata complex with nearly free lateral sepals. The

leaves are produced in pairs separated by an elongated rhizome, as in the repent

form described as B. longipes , but the most distinguishing feature of B. schista is

the separation of the lateral sepals. The lip also differs in the acute, bicallous apex.

Barbosella spiritu-sanctensis (Pabst) F. Barros & Toscano, Anais do 35. Con.

Nac. de Bot. 23, 1990.

Bas ■ Pleurothallis spiritu-sanctensis Pabst, Bradea 2(10): 54, 1975.

Ety.: Named for the province of Espirito Santo where the species was discovered.

Plant very small, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 5 cm in length, the rhizome slender, elongated, occa¬

sionally branching, I -4 mm long between ramicauls', enclosed by I -3 tubular sheaths, roots slender but as

thick as the rhizome, produced singly at nodes along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending, 0.5-1 mm long,

enclosed by 1 thin, tubular sheath. Leaf prostrate, thickly coriaceous, suborbicular to elliptical, the apex

entire, obtuse to rounded, 3-4 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, the rounded base contracted into the nearly absent

petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced singly; peduncle slender, erect, 15-18 mm long with a

minute bract below the middle; floral bract oblique, 1 mm long, enclosing the pedicel; pedicel 0.5 mm

long, with a filament I mm long; ovary smooth, 1-1.5 mm long; sepals membranous pale yellow, veined

in red, the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly ovate, acute, 6.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals ovate, oblique, 6 mm long, 4.5 mm wide together, 6-veined, connate 2 mm; petals membranous,

colored as the sepals, narrowly linear-triangular, acute, 6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; lip red, ovate-tri-

lobed, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, the apical lobe ovate, obtuse, the lateral lobes below the mid¬

dle, erect, broadly rounded with an anterior margin obtusely angled, the disc with a low pair of longitu¬

dinal calli, the base rounded with a distinct cavity to accommodate the apex of the column-foot; column

slender, 2 mm long, the apex hooded, denticulate, the foot 1.5 mm long, the apex free, articulated with

the base of the lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BRAZIL: Espirito Santo: epiphytic in humid forest, Pedra Azul, alt. 1000 m, 12 Feb. 1970, R.A. Kauts-

ky 2)6 (Holotype: HB),C. Luer illustr. 14710.

This tiny Brazilian species is apparently known only from the type-collection.

Although described in Pleurothallis, this species is a classical example of Barbosel-

la. In habit it is reminiscent of some of the other tiny species: a minute, creeping

rhizome; tiny, round leaves; a longer, hairlike peduncle; membranous sepals and

petals; and a broadly trilobed lip, the concave base articulated with the slightly

bulbous, free tip of the column-foot. The anther contains four equal-sized pollinia.

Barbosella spiritu-sanctensis is very closely allied to B. crassifolia , differing

only in the shorter, broader, lateral lobes of the lip, and the presence of a pair of

low, longitudinal, central calli.

Barbosella trilobata Pabst, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 14: 21, 1956.

Ety.: From the Latin trilobatus, “with three lobes,” referring to the shape of the lip.

sion a ^r::LT^r ePip, : y,iC '' 0ng - repent : UP ,0 15 cm lon 8' the rhizome sle nder, elongated, occa-

as the rhtome h n Ah 3 T T® ramicauls > enclosed b y 2-3 *>n, tubular sheaths; roots as thick

as the rhtzome, produced singly along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending, 0.5-1.5 mm long enclosed bv

1-2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, acute 4-6 mm long I 5-2 5 mm

rrr e e z ,r i\ o ,he r bpe,ioia,e base ^ w, jxsnj

***?' erect ’ l5 -' 7 '°"g- with a bract below the middle; floral bract oblique acute M 5 mm

Z. l Cl T g ,he f dicel 0 5 mm l0 "8- with a filament I mm long; ovary smooth l’ mmloT

5 5 P mmTn b ? " 0US ' P f e yellow ’ veined ln P^PPle, the dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly ovate, obtusfi

long 5 mmwideT wined ^taUr f* h' 6 ”' Sepa ', S ° V f“ e ' oblique ’ connate 2 mm into a lamina 4.5 mm

25 mm w,r ,K , * membran ous, colored as the sepals, narrowly ovate, acute 5 mm long

ed thTT,, n n niargins ceilular-erose; lip purple, ovate-trilobed, 2.5 mm long 2 5 mm wide expand'

apex not bulbous. ’ g> the apex denticulate, hooded, the foot 2 mm long, the

Orchids, Easton, CT from amono the mltc rJf , 1 8 (M0) ’ flowered in cultivation by J & L

dario Binot, 5 May 1990, C. Luer 14740 (MO) 8 P a ° l ° leuroth ollis mirabilis purchased from Orqui-

and pl"a\ IXbZdrVTrd r hairHke pedunde; membr anous sepafs

« h, ck patr of adjacent, parallel calli begin at the base and course forward

seen to bTTom P rid oft p h aV ty oTcair aV,fy " ** b3Se ° f * he Hp of Barbosella is

imagination to interpret the pair of calli 'onThe^n oft V 7 °f S " 0t require much

the calli that form the typical cavitv ll P k T‘° bata as P recursors of

Barbosella. * Y Seen at the base of a11 ‘he other species of

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

Barbosella vasquezii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor of Roberto Vasquez Ch. of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, co-discoverer of this species,

and authority on Bolivian orchids.

Species haec Barbosellaeprorepentis (Rchb.f.) Schltr. affinis, sed habitu majore et labello majore

infra medium bilamellato distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, to shortly repent; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending to erect, 5-7

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, fleshy, thickly coriaceous, semiterete,

linear to narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, gradually narrowed below

into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced singly; peduncle slender, erect, 3-5

cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 3-4 mm long, enclosing the pedicel; pedicel stout, 1-2.5 mm long,

with a filament 2-3 mm long; ovary smooth, 1.5-2.5 mm long; sepals membranous, yellow to green, the

dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly linear or linear-ovate, narrowly obtuse, 12-14 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide,

3 -veined, thickened above the middle, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into an ovate lamina, con¬

cave at the base, minutely bifid at the narrowly obtuse apex, 11-14 mm long, 6-6.5 mm wide, 6-veined

together; petals colored as the sepals, narrowly ovate, acute, the margins usually cellular erose or micro¬

scopically denticulate, 7-7.5 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, thickened above the middle; lip yellow or

green, suffused with purple centrally, thick, ovoid-oblong with thin, rounded, erect margins below the

middle, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the disc with a pair of distinct lamellae converging

from within the erect sides below the middle to above the middle, with a shallow, ovate depression

between them below the middle, the rounded base deeply concave with the anterior margin cleft, articu¬

lated with the bulbous apex of the column-foot; column greenish white, stout, winged above the middle,

2.5 mm long, the apex cucullate, bidentate, the foot thick with the apex of the ovary, the apex free,

bulbous.

BOLIVIA Cochabamba: Chapare, between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988,

C. Luer, J. Luer R. Vasquez. A. Vogel. T. & D. Mulder 12835 (Holotype: MO); same area, Dec. 1978,

collected by C. Luer, J. Luer, F. Fuchs et al„ flowered in cultivation 26 Dec. 1979, C. Luer 4843 (SEL).

This species is closely related to the far-flung B. prorepens- complex. It is

known from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia, as if an austral extension of the distribu¬

tion of B. prorepens. Barbosella vasquezii is distinguished by the usually larger

habit, but smaller plants are indistinguishable vegetatively from those of B. prore-

pens. The flowers also are extremely similar, but the larger lip of B. vasquezii is

readily distinguished by a pair of thin lamellae converging from thin, rounded, erect

margins below the middle.

REFERENCES FOR BARBOSELLA AND BARBRODRIA

Ames, O. & C. Schweinfurth, 1934. Botanical Museum Leaflets 3: 39.

Angely, J., 1973. Flora Analitica e Fitogeografica do Estado de Sao Paulo 1282

Hamer, F., 1982. Orchids of Nicaragua. leones Plantarum Tropicarum 7: 606,607.

Luer C A 1981 Barbrodria, A new genus in the Pleurothallidinae. Selbyana 5: 386-387.

_1_1986. leones PLeurothallidinarum I. Systemmatics of the Pleurothallidinae. Monogr. Bot.

Syst. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 17.

Reichenbach, H.G., 1900. Xenia Orchidaceae 3: 8, t: 206.

SCHLECHTER, R., 1918. Die Gattung Restrepia H.B.u.Kth. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regm Veg. 15. 255-270.

Williams, L.O., 1939. Botanical Museum Leaflets 7: 188.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Barbosella cogniauxiana

Fig. 4. Barbosella cogniauxiana

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

Fig. 15. Barbosella macaheensis

Fig. 16. Barbosella orbicularis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTHMATICS OF BARBOSELLA

Fig. 23. Barbosella trilobata

Fig. 24. Barbosella vasquezii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS

BARBRODRIA

A history of Barbrodria Luer is given. As a unispecific genus, the description

of the species will suffice for the genus.

In 1842, Lindley described in Pleurothallis two similar, very small, repent

species from Brazil. Both had been collected by Miers and dispatched to Kew by

Professor Gardner, for whom the species were named respectively. Schlechter

transferred them to Barbosella when he proposed the genus in 1918, but he desie-

nated no type for the genus. In 1973, Joao Angly chose B. miersii as the lectotype,

u this happened to be the only non-conforming species of the genus. The lecto-

type was redesignated as B. gardneri in 1981.

Barbrodria miersii (Lindl.) Luer, Selbyana 5: 386, 1981.

FiT ""*??' !r indl ’ Edwards ' Bot. Reg- 28: Misc. 84, 1842.

-ty.. Named in honor of John Miers who first collected this species.

Syn.

-— MHO jpvwiwo.

Restrepia miersii (Lindl.) Rchb.f, in Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. Maxim. Bras. 150 1866

Humboldtia miersii (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 668, 1891.

Barbosella miersii (Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg 15 262 1918

hetween n ran^Tuls,'often r b^chinTand y for^nB d ° f,e " 10 cm ° r more '-5 ™ 'on

Ramicauls ascending, slender, 1-3 mm long, enclos^byT^hinLlrLTar 0 ^ 0 ^ a '° ng * he rh ‘ ZOm<

ceous. smooth, elliptical, 2.5-7 mm lone 15 2 5 mm .k**' Leaf suberect t0 prostrate, coria

base cuneate. Inflorescence a solitary flower produced hv aCUtE 7 subacute - apiculate. th

a bract at the base; floral bract thin, oblique acute enrln/ P eduncle 7-10 mm long, wit

stout. 0.5 mm long, with a short filament rivarv ms I 8 ^ bedice and mucb °f the ovary; pedice

branous, ovate, acute, 1.8 mm long 0 8 mm wide l mm s *P»ls translucent yellow-white, mem

lateral sepals oblique, connate onNatlTJt'.iu i: d ° rSa ' SEpa ' free ’ more or less erec '- ,h

wide, I-veined, the margins microscopically demicula^INDTh 115 ' n" ,P " Cal ’ aCUte ’ 1 mm long, 0.3 mn

mm wide, the apex subacute to obtuse the maroinl I'l ? ' y L ellow ’ ,bick - ova,e - 0.9 mm long, 0.

the base subcordate, hinged to the base of the column f T bE ,° W ** middle ' the disc shallowly sulcate

hooded, non-winged. the anther dorsal with the ro^l'lnm ’ '" 71 St ° Ut ’ semitere,e . 0.6 mm long, non

yellow, pyriform, with a minute viscidium the baseof IhenT’ the , Sti f" a ventral - the P°H>nia 4, free

the ovary, without forming a foot. ’ * f ,he column ‘hick, pedestal-like with the apex o

?Z r °A Ma,y 458 P e^P0lisjr 7 9 t r / /i^Lfw^r 0 2S 1 ? R) ' Theresb P»'-. '859, H

1903. Dusen 194 (S); epiphytic in forest between tw •"?’ S ' do S,e,laia . Mont Serrat, 21 Oct

c. Luer. J. Luer & 14545 (MO); NovaTnW aTon, Salvad °C a '<- 950 m, 2 Dec. 1989

Luer. D Miller & A. Toscano de Brito 18 5HMO) P,™/V TnT 25 Ja " '" 7 - C Luer ’ J

primary forest, flowered in cultivation 12 Feb 1910 P n, „ 0 8erra do Mar - Carvalho, epiphytic ir

P5iJ (S); Munic. Guaratuba, road to ioinvlile 31 S); ' 8 Nov - l90 ^ * Ou.se,

Barras Rio Corvo, alt. 900 m, 20 Dec 1969 G Hmckh Hotschbach 2910 (AMES); Munic

8 June 1921, F.C. Hoehne 56,4 (AMES, NY) * 23282 (NY) ' Sao Paa '° Bosque da Saude

Barbrodria miersii is characterized by the thread i;l- u-

tiny, elliptical leaves. It grows on mossv trunk e d ‘ ke rhlzome Wlt h a row ol

intermixed with Barbosella gardneri Both are ° ^ “ m ° 1St forests * sometimes

vegetatively similar except ^ W

those of B. gardneri. With proper cultivation merSU are about half the size ol

produce a profusion of the minute flowers The ^J massesoftan 8 led rhizomes

■owers. I he sepals are microscopically ciliate

SYSTEMATICS OF BARBRODRIA

and about one and a half millimeters long. The even smaller petals are microscopi¬

cally erose. The lip is ovoid and obtuse with revolute sides.

First described in Pleurothallis by Lindley, transferred to Restrepia by Reichen-

bach, transferred to Barbosella by Schlechter, and transferred to Barbrodria by

Luer, this species is unique in the Pleurothallidinae. Although superficially it

appears convincingly to belong to Barbosella , the morphology of the lip and

column are so foreign to that genus, that isolation in a unispecific genus seems

indicated, in spite of DNA studies that place it beside Barbosella. Future work

based on morphological and molecular data, however, may change the placement of

this peculiar species within the Pleurothallidinae.

The lip of B. miersii is hinged to the tip of the column-foot, whereas in all spe¬

cies of Barbosella (except B. trilobata) the lip is connected to the column-foot with

a “ball-and-socket” articulation. Subgenus Crocodeilanthe of Pleurothallis , as

well as a few exceptional species (e.g., P alainii Dod and P. masdevalliopsis Luer)

scattered in other infrageneric taxa of Pleurothallis , are characterized by such a

joint. The sides of the blade of the lip of B . miersii are revolute below the middle,

thereby forming a cavity on the underside. The lip of Barbosella trilobata is simply

hinged to the tip of the column-foot, but the semiterete, hooded column with ventral

anther and stigma is similar to that of the other species of the genus.

The column of Barbrodria miersii is short, terete, wingless, and broadest above

the middle with an exposed, apical anther and protruding rostellum, not ventral as in

all other species of Barbosella. The stigma of Barbrodria miersii is located on the

undersurface of the rostellar flap, the floor of the cavity of the anther-bed.

Fig. 25. Barbrodria miersii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES IN

BARBOSELLA AND BRABRODRIA

Barbosella 7, 8,9, 10,11, 18,28,36,37

subgen. Barbosella 10, 11

subgen. Cardinella 7, 10, 11

Barbosella anaristel la 10, 18, 19,26

australis 8, 10, 12, 13, Fig. 1.

var. genua 13

var. latipetala 13

var. loefgrenii 13

bradeorum 10, 18, 19

brenesii 10,24,25,26

caespitifica 10,24.26

eircinata 8,9, 10, 12, 13, 14, Fig. 2.

cogniauxiana 8, 10, 11,12, 14, 15,20, Fig. 3,4.

crassifolia 10, 15, 24,28, Fig. 5.

var. aristata 15

var. genuina 15

var. minor 15

var. hamburgensis 15

cucullata 8,9,10,11,12,76,17,18 19 21 26

27, Fig. 6, 7. 8.

dolichorhiza 8, 10, 12, 18, 19, 26, 27, Fig 9

dusenii 10, 11,20, Fig. 10.

dussii 10,24

fuscata 8, 10, 12, 18, 20, Fig. 11, 12.

gardneri 8, 9, 10, 11,36,27, Fig! 13.

var. dusenii 21

var. genuina 21

geminata 10, 12, 22, 26, Fig. 14.

gracilis 10

hamburgensis 10, 15

handroi 10, 14

kegelii 7,10

loefgrenii 10,13

longi flora 11,16

longipes 11,16,27

macaheensis 7, 11,12, 23, Fig. 15

microphylla 11,21

miersii 9, 11,36

monstrabilis 11,22,24

orbicularis 11,23,24, Fig. 16.

porschii 11, 14

prorepens 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 19 22 24 25

26,29, Fig. 17, 18, 19. ’ ’ ’

reichenbachiana 7, 11

rhynchantha 11,16,18

riograndensis 14

ricii 7, 11, 12, 26, 27, Fig. 20.

nograndensis 11

schista 11, 12, 27, Fig. 21.

spiritu-sanctensis 11, 27, 28, Fig 22

tolimensis 11,24

trilobata 9, 10, 11, 28, 37, Fig. 23

varicosa 11,16

vasquezii 7, 11, 12, 29, Fig. 24

Barbrodria 7,8,36

Barbrodria miersii 11, 22, 36, 37, Fig 25

Brachionidium 8

Dryadella 27

Humboldtia gardneri 21

miersii 36

Masdevallia 19

Masdevallia anaristella 18, 19

longiflora 16

triaristella 18, 19

Peperomia 24

Platystele 26

Pleurothallis 7, 8,22,28,36,37

subgen. Crocodeilanthe 37

Pleurothallis alainii 37

anaristella 18

bradeorum 18

capillipes 22

dussii 24

gardneri 7,8,9,10,21

hamburgensis 15

kegelii 10

macaheensis 22

masdevalliopsis 37

miersii 7, 36

monstrabilis 24,26

prorepens 24

repens 26

rhynchantha 16

spegazziniana 14

spiritu-sanctensis 27

Restrepia 7,8,9,13,37

sect. Ramulosae 9

sect. Prorepentes 9

Restrepia angustisegmentata 16

antennifera 7

var. angustifolia 16

australis 13

caespitifica 24

cogniauxiana 14

crassifolia 15

cucullata 7, 9, 16

dusenii 20

gardneri 21

loefgrenii 13

microphylla 7,21

miersii 36

porschii 14

prorepens 7,9,24

rhynchantha 7, 16

tolimensis 24

varicosa 7, 16

vialacea 25

Restrepiopsis 7

Restrepiopsis reichenbachiana 11

Trisetella 8

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

SUBGENUS ANTILLA

ABSTRACT

The subgenus Antilla Luer of Pleurothallis R.Br. is proposed. A key to the

species is given, and each species is described and illustrated with a black and

white drawing.

New taxa:

Pleurothallis subgen. Antilla Luer, subgen. nov.

A small number of closely allied species endemic to the Greater Antilles com¬

prises this proposed subgenus of Pleurothallis. Morphologically, they seem

allied to the large subgenus Acianthera that occurs in most subtropical regions

of the neotropics including the Greater Antilles.

Two Jamaican collections by Swartz in the eighteenth century were the first of

this subgenus to be described. They were published by Swartz in 1788 in the genus

Epidendrum. Two Cuban collections by Wright in the nineteenth century were the

next species attributable to this taxon to be described. Lindley described them in

1858 in Pleurothallis. Seven additional species from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico

have been described. No closely related or similar species has been recognized in

either Central or South America.

SUBGENUS ANTILLA

Pleurothallis subgen. Antilla Luer, subgen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis trichophora Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 326, 1858.

Ety.: Named for the Antilles where the subgenus is endemic.

Folia elliptica acuta sessilia, inflorescentia laxe racemiflora, sepala lateralia in synsepalum plus

minusve connata, labellum unguiculatum.

Plants perennial, small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls e^t to

horizontal, short to elongated, non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate, enclosed y a tu u ar. g a . ,

other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect to horizontal or pendent, conaceous,

erose, more or less elliptical with the apex acute, shallowly notched, the ase na™wy usually

sessile base. Inflorescence a flexible, loosely flowered raceme, arching to pen , floral

resupinate, borne by a slender peduncle that emerges with a small spat e at e trivalvate

bracts infundibular or tubular; pedicels longer or shorter than the flora ract, ova [y , ’ h i atera i

sepals membranous, glabrous, the dorsal ovate, acute, concave, nearly free fro ™ “

sepals connate to a shortly bifid tip; petals narrow, entire to microscopica y se ’ . t the apex?

ously unguiculate, the blade bicallous, more or less lobed above the c aw ’ ° us . , the middle

hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column proporttona.ely large broadly w.^ed a^v^ ^le,

the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, pollinia 2. the base of the column prolonged mto a column foot.

Subgenus Antilla is characterized by a ramicaul shorter than, to about as long as

the leaf. The leaf is elliptical, acute and sessile. In common wit se\era o e

Antillean genera ( Epidendrum , Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis ), genes or en tcu

margins have found their way into a few species. The inflorescence is a oos ^

flexible, more or less flexuous raceme, emerging with a small spat e at t e as

the leaf. The plants and the racemes are often pendent. The flowers areproduced

simultaneously or successively. The dorsal sepal is essentially ree, an e a

are connate, or lightly adherent, into a minutely bifid synsepal, t e peta s are ^ ’

acute and sometimes minutely serrulate; and the lip is small an o e ^ on ^ 1 •

ly unguiculate. The blade is more or less lobed and bica ous. e c

proportionately large and winged.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLRUROTHALLIS

ATTRIBUTED TO SUBGENUS ANTILLA

P. alpestris (Sw.) Lindl.Fig. 1.

P. appendiculata Cogn.Fig. 2.

P. bahorucensis Luer.Fig. 3.

P. erosa Urb .Fig. 4.

P. laxa (Sw.) Lindl.Fig. 5.

R nigroannulata Cogn. = P. laxa

P. parvula Lindl.Fig. 6, 7.

P. pendens Dod .Fig. 8.

P platyglottis L.O.Williams = P. parvula

P. privigna Luer.Fig. 9.

P. prostrata Lindl.Fig. 10.

P. quisqueyana Dod.Fig. 11.

P. trichophora Lindl.Fig. 12.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS ANTILLA

1 Leaves with margins minutely denticulate to erose.2

T Leaves with margins entire . *.*”.”**””*”...”*””6

2 Sepals more than 15 mm long.

2’ Sepals less than 10 mm long.

3 Ramicaul 2-4 mm long; leaf verrucose.

3 Ramicaul 1-4 cm long; leaf not verrucose.

4 Lip with the claw bilobed.

4’ Lip with the claw narrowly long-cuneate..

....P. erosa

P. privigna

P. parvula

5’

Leaves narrowly linear; lip verrucose with tall calli.

Leaves elliptical; lip not verrucose with tall calli.

P bahorucensis

.P quisqueyana

6 Raceme pendent.

6’ Raceme erect to suberect.

7 Raceme markedly flexuous; lip with claw transversely callous.

7’Raceme not fiexuoiis';'iip withciaw'^owiy i^eateZr~

8 Raceme flexuous with conspicuous floral bracts. P vrostrata

9 Raceme subcongested, with flowers 3-4 mm apart; ovary long-papillose.

9’ Raceme lax, with flowers 5-10 mm apart ZZZZZZZZZ . ? alpestns

10 Ovary short-papillose; lip with claw bilobed.

10 Ovary smooth; lip with claw not bilobed.

. P. laxa

P trichophora

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis alpestris (Sw.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. PI. 7, 1830.

Bas.: Epidendrum alpestre Sw., Prodr. 125, 1788.

Ety.: From the Latin alpestris , “of high mountains,” referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Dendrobium alpestre (Sw.) Sw., Nov. Act. Upsala 6: 84, 1799.

Syn.: Humboldtia alpestris (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-6

cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath below the middle and 2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical or elliptical-ovate, acute, sessile, 1.5-5 cm long, 0.8-1.7 cm wide, cuneate at

the base. Inflorescence 1 -2 lax, distichous, successively several-flowered racemes, 3-8 cm long includ¬

ing the petiole ca. 2 cm long, subtended by a spathe 3-5 mm long at the base of the leaf; flowers light

yellow, 5-7 mm apart, more or less erect; floral bracts tubular, 3 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary

long-papillose, 1.25 mm long; sepals glabrous, fleshy, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly elliptical,

subacute, apiculate, 6-7.5 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an elliptical-

oblong, concave synsepal, 6.5-8 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide; petals translucent, narrowly obovate, acute,

2.4 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined; lip fleshy, oblong-trilobed, unguiculate, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide,

the apex rounded with minutely irregular margin, the sides with a rounded lobe below the middle, the

disc shallowly channeled between a pair of low calli near the middle, the claw with a pair of small

lobules at the base, hinged to the undersurface of the tip of the column-foot; column broadly winged,

denticulate and lobed at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.75

mm long with the apex rounded.

JAMAICA: Without locality, “high mountains of southern Jamaica,” O. Swartz s.n. (Holotype of

Epidendrum alpestre : BM; Isotypes: C, W). Without locality, A.T. Syme A D. Morris 29 (AMES, NY,

W); Blue Mountains, alt. 4,000 ft., Nov. 1885, D. Harris s.n. (K). Middlesex: St. Ann, Holly Mount,

Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,600 m, 17 Feb. 1905, W. Harris 8908 (AMES, BM, NY); near Cinchona, alt. 4,000 ft.,

7 Apr. 1908, W. Harris 10502 (AMES, BM, K, NY); Mt. Diablo, Feb. 1916, H.N. Ridley s.n. (K); Mt.

Diablo, alt. 2,500 ft., 14 Feb. 1938, F.W. Hunnewell 15248 (AMES); near Cinchona, alt. 4,000 ft., 7 Apr.

1908, W. Harris 10502 (AMES, K., US); epiphytic on the highest mountains of Silver Hill, alt. 1300 m,

W. Harris 7829 (BR, UCWI). St. Thomas: crest of Gossamer Peak, alt. 800-900 m, 16 June 1926, W.R.

Maxon 9237 (US); ridge east of Cuna Cuna Gap, alt. 750-840 m, 22 June 1926, W.R. Maxon 9406

(AMES, NY, US). St. Ann: road to Hollymount, alt. 2,400 ft., 26 Jan. 1964, CD. Adams 12691 (M).

In 1788, Swartz published simultaneously Epidendrum alpestre and E. laxum ,

both from the same locality, the high mountains of southern Jamaica. Lindley

transferred them to Pleurothallis in 1830.

Pleurothallis alpestris and P laxa are very closely allied, and could be merely

variations of one species. Swartz made no clear distinction. Fawcett and Rendle

distinguished P. alpestris by yellowish green, shortly acute sepals with the laterals

connate nearly to the apex. They distinguished P laxa by deep purple, narrowly

acute sepals. I have found variations in color, and the lateral sepals connate or free

in flowers of specimens attributed to both species. I have also found the lips vari¬

able without clear differences. However, there are two distinctions. The flowers in

the raceme of P. alpestris are three to four millimeters apart, while in P laxa , they

are five to seven millimeters apart. Second, the ovary of P alpestris is very short,

about one and a half millimeters long, and it is long-papillose (described by Swartz

as aculeatae ), becoming fringed on the ribs of the capsule. The ovary of P. laxa is

about three millimeters long, and it is minutely papillose (described by Swartz as

glabra ). Heretofore, P. nigroannulata had been considered by authors to e a

synonym of P. alpestris , but because Cogniaux described the ribs of the capsule as

leviter verruculosis (slightly verrucose), I have placed it in the synonymy of P laxau

There is probably some confusion in the citations of localities of P alpestris an

laxa. The distributions of both concepts should be consulted.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis appendiculata Cogn., Symb. Antill. 7: 174, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin appendiculatus , “appendiculate,” without a clue to its reference,

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-5

cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and another 1 -2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 2.5-5 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, cuneate into the subsessile base. Inflores¬

cence an arching, pendent, markedly flexuous, nearly simultaneously, 2 - to 4 -flowered raceme, 5-7 cm

long, including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, subtended by a spathe 2-3 mm long at the base of the leaf-

floral bracts oblique, 5 mm long; pedicels 3.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals red-purple mem¬

branous, the dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, acute, 12.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals connate into an ovate, concave, acute, minutely biapiculate lamina, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide

expanded, 8 -veined; petals red-purple, narrowly elliptical-subfalcate, acute, acuminate, 6 mm long 1 25

mm wide, 1 -veined, with the margins cellular; lip purple, oblong-trilobed, 3.2 mm long, 2.4 mm wide,

with erect rounded lobes near the middle, and with the margins above the middle recurved, the apex

rounded the disc featureless, with a transverse callus above the base, narrowly hinged to the column-

toot, column with broad, rounded wings on the apical half, denticulate at the apex, slender below the

middle, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

pOM |N| CAN REPU 8 UC: shady forest near Constanza, alt. 1400 m, Apr., H. von Turckheim 3233

(Holotype. BR). Samana: Peninsula de Samana, vicinity of Laguna, Pilon de Azucar, alt. 100-500 m, 1 2

M A b n" 2 t 62 (US) , ; SlopeS of Pan de Azdcar ' alt 400 m . 4 Apr. 1930, EL Ekman 14865

(AMFS, S) Cordillera Yaroa, alt. 850 m, 1 1 May 1968, A H. Liogier 11220a (NY, US); Cordillera

eptentnonal, Carlos Diaz, alt. 800-950 m, 19 Sept. 1968, A.H. Liogier 12714 (AMES, NY, US) Cordil-

p| r a ade . Yar0a ', t0 * a , rd A ™y° de ) Tor °- aI <- *50-900 m, 29 Aug. 1968, A.H. Liogier 12382 (NY). Puerto

att. Loma Isabel de Torres, alt. 700-800 m, 25 Mar. 1969, A.H. Liogier 14572 (NY); Cordillera SeD-

obtainerff t*' h,^' 0 ' alt - 70 °-* 00 "1,4 June 1969, A.H. Liogier 15558 (NY). Without locality,

H aITI M? m M , nd m T' culI,va,ed b y the Jesu P s in Bristol, CT, 29 Sept. 199 1 , C. Luer 15457(MO)

Riv Jrl'o Ma eU "* 10 MC Plmem . alt. 2,350 ft., 24 July 1905, C.V. Nash & N. Taylor 1186 (NY)-

D Drt /S9/ e (MO) 50 m ’ 8 ' l945 ’ LR H ° ldridge 2204 (AMES); Formon, alt. 1600 m, Jan. 1983,

MancTjOMa? '' fl!?’ ^ S,evens 4493 Mountain Forest above

rr ’ , G.W. Bachman 1 (NY); San German, Maricao State Forest Barrio Cain Alto E

SSH^.^^TA^ m * 4,u,y ,965 -* ° Woodbury

Ahar^alTnA del Poblado Ba ™ Nuev °- a "- ' 4 00 m, 10 May 1988, 4.

relJiv P 7 P u ieS t K S °"^ that ' S immediatel y recognizable, there being no similar

klanT Tb 15 n °! y member 0f the sub 8 enus to occur on three of the large

ramira i^t ^ ' ! iptlCa ‘ leaves - acute at boih ends, are borne by equally long

?i 8e> dark red ’ gaping fl ° wers are ^ ^

lv obovate th?s / remarkedl y flexuous raceme. The dorsal sepal is narrow-

iDtkaUubSearTb *?• ° Vate and concav * ^ard the base, and the petals are

the m ddirwhhTfl' a P ‘V? 8111 ^ 7 ° b,0ng With erect > rounded lobes below

and T transverse tT ' r ° U " ded mar 8>" s ab °ve the middle; the apex is rounded,

and a transverse callus is present above the base.

Pleurothallis bahorucensis Luer, Lindleyana 14- 108 1999

Ety, Named for the Sierra de Bahoruco where the species was collected.

long, enclosed belovMhe mlddleTi'th^’t^arsheaths R . am ^ auls slender - presumably erect, 10-25 mm

ly crenulate-denticulate, narrowly linear-oblomr an eaf ere «, coriaceous, with the margins minute-

narrowly cuneate. Inflorescence an arching to Dendem S f SS1 !•’ 2 " 20 11101 lon & 3-4 mm wide, the base

flowered raceme, 3-6 cm long including the slender ned ’ ,chous » flexuous, successively several-

long, at the base of the leaf; floral braefs obliaue dilat^™ C J ~\ 5 Cm ,0ng ’ 60016 with 3 s P 3the 2 ’ 3 mm

mm long, minutely papillose; sepals color not noted oi 3 K Ute ’ 4 1 1101 ,on 8 ; MIcels 4 mm long; ovary 5

subcarinate, concave, 7.5 mm long, 1 75 mm w?^ dorsal se P aI nar rowly ovate, acute,

sepals connate into an ovate, bicarinate lamina 5 5 frCC fr ° m the lateral se P a,s ’ the lateral

bifid for I mm, with the medial third of each lateral sen*?’ 4 6 " ve ! ned ’ with the a P ex acute,

branous, narrowly ovate, acute, attenuate above the middU; 41 **** th6 middIe thir£ h P etals mem-

aoove the middle, 4.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1 -veined; lip

SYSTEMAT1CS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ovate, unguiculate, the blade 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with the apex broadly rounded, minutely vemi-

cose, with microscopically erose margins, the base of the blade with erect, rounded, lobe-like margins,

the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of tall, verrucose carinae on the middle third, the claw narrowly

triangular, broad above, tapering to a very narrow attachment, 1 mm long, hinged to the undersurface of

the base of the column-foot; column winged above the middle, toothed at the tip, slender below the

middle, proportionately large, 3.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm long.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona: Sierra de Bahoruco, Pueblo Viejo above Puerto Escondido, alt.

1850 m, 19 Feb. 1969, A.H. Liogier 14068 (Holotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 18845.

This species is known only from the original collection by Liogier in 1969. It is

similar to P. pendens , which occurs in the same vicinity. Pleurothallis bahorucensis

differs from P. pendens in several respects. The leaves are narrowly oblong and

less than four millimeters wide; the raceme is shorter and flexuous with the flowers

more closely spaced; the ovaries are twice longer; the basal margins of the blade of

the lip are erect, rounded and lobe-like; the carinae of the disc are tall; and the

column is disproportionately large.

Pleurothallis erosa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 104, 1917.

Ety.: From the Latin erosus , “erose,” referring to the leaves.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, possibly pendent; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 1.5-4.5 cm

long, mostly enclosed with 3 tubular sheaths, the uppermost the longest. Leaf erect in relation to the

ramicaul, coriaceous, with the margins minutely crenulate, elliptical, acute, sessile, 2-3.7 cm long, 0.7-

1.2 cm wide, the base cuneate. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, distichous, simultaneously few-flowered

raceme, 3-4.5 cm long including the slender peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, borne with a spathe ca. 3 mm long,

at the base of the leaf; floral bracts oblique, dilated, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm

long; sepals light yellow-green, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly linear, subcannate, acute, 16-17 mm

long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined toward the base, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals marked with

purple, connate into an oblong, shortly biapiculate, bicarinate lamina, 17-18 mm long, 5 mm wide, 6-

veined, with the tips acute, free for 1 mm, longitudinally convex for the entire length, concave externally

between the carinae; petals white, narrowly ovate, acute, minutely serrate, 5-6 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-

veined; lip 3-lobed, unguiculate, 3 mm long including the claw, 2 mm wide, the blade ovate, obtuse, with

the margins long-fimbriate, with thin, auriculate lobes above the claw, the disc shallowly sulcate between

a pair of low, central carinae, the claw broad, 1 mm long, hinged to the tip of the column; column stout,

semiterete, 3.5 mm long, conspicuously winged above the middle, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot

thick, 1 mm long.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona: near Firme Noche Buena, alt. 1500 m. Sept. 1911./ Fuertes

1211 (Holotype: AMES). Azua: Cordillera de Neyba, San Juan, Loma de Jayaco, alt. 1425 m i Nov.

1929, EL. Ekman 13487 (AMES, S), C. Luer illustr. 18842. Jarabacoa: gorge of Arroyo de la Sal, new

Jimenoa Dam, alt. 900 m, 19 June 1968, A.H Liogier 11740 (NY, US); Arroyo Antonzape Malo, south

of Mata Grande, alt. 1100 m, 5 June 1968, A.H. Liogier 1157 7 (NY); banks of Antonzape nven south

of Mata Grande, alt. 850 m, A.H. Liogier 12298 (NY); Bao Valley, from U Guacara to Bao, a t. 200 m,

1-7 Oct. 1968, A.H. Liogier 12927( NY); Guacara River, Bao Valley, south of Mata Grande alt. 1300m

5-9 Nov. 1968, A.H Liogier 13417 (AMES, NY); Cienaga de Manabao, alt .1000m, ,A.HUogier-I<7IM

(NY). La Filipina, Finca Sucesion, alt. 800 m, 3 Jan. 1977, A.H. Liogier 26157 (JBSD, NY). Las Abejas,

Cabo Rojo, collected by D. Dod, Oct. 1968, A.H Liogier 13511 (NY). «,

HAITI: Massif de la Selle, Mome Brouet, alt. 17.25,26 July 1924, (K. S) * vlcm *

of Mission, Fonds Varettes, alt. 1000 m, 17 Apr. 1920, E.C. Leonard 3«99(AMES, US).

This handsome species is locally common in forests along rivers on die island of

Hispaniola. The collections seen are mounted as if erect, but I suspect that the plant

is pendent. The leaves are elliptical and sessile with minutely crenulate margins^

The loosely few-flowered inflorescence is about twice as long and flexuous. 1

suspect that it is pendent, as is the case in related species, which would place the ip

lowermost in the flower. The sepals are more than a centimeter and a halt long.

The dorsal sepal is narrowly linear; the laterals are connate into an oblong, biapicu-

late lamina with a longitudinally convex center half that is concave externa y

between carinae. The petals are narrowly acute and minutely serrate. The lip is

small and deeply fringed above a broad claw.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis laxa (Sw.) Lindl., Gen. Spec. Orch. 7, 1830.

Bas.: Epidendrum laxum Sw., Prodr. 125, 1788.

Ety.: From the Latin laxus , “loose, lax,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Dendrobium laxum (Sw.) Sw., Nov. Act. Upsala 6: 84, 1799.

Syn.: Humboldtia laxa (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis nigroannulata Cogn., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 306, 1909, in part.

Ety.: From the Latin nigroannulatus , referring to black nodes he noted on the ramicaul.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-7 cm

long, enclosed by a close, tubular sheath below the middle and 2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, acute, sessile, 2.5-5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate at the base. Inflorescence 1 -

2 lax, distichous, successively few-flowered racemes, 4-6 cm long including the petiole 2 cm long, sub¬

tended by a spathe ca. 3 mm long at the base of the leaf; flowers purple, 3-5 mm apart, more or less

erect; floral bracts tubular, microscopically cellular-glandular, 2-3.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long;

ovary minutely papillose, 3 mm long; sepals glabrous, fleshy, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal linear-oblong,

acute, 6.5-9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals lightly connate, but separate easily, 6-8.5

mm long, 4 mm wide together; petals translucent, narrowly ovate, acute, minutely serrulate, 2.5-4 mm

long, 0.75 mm wide, I-veined; lip fleshy, oblong-lobulate, unguiculate, the blade 1-2 mm long, 1-1.25

mm wide, the claw 1 mm long, the apex rounded with slightly wavy margins, the sides irregular and

minutely erose, the disc shallowly channeled between a pair of low calli below the middle, the claw with

a pair of small lobes above the very narrow base, hinged to the undersurface of the tip of the column-

foot; column broadly winged, denticulate and lobed at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral, the foot 0.75 mm long with the apex rounded.

JAMAICA: Without locality, “high mountains of southern Jamaica,” O. Swartz s.n. (Holotype of

Epidendrum laxum: BM; Isotypes: AMES, M, W); Woodcutters Gap, alt. 1300 m, 6 Dec. 1898, W.

Harris 7536 (holotype of P. nigroannulata: UCWI; isotype: BR); same data, W. Harris 7554 (UCWI);

John Crow Peak, 18 Aug. 1902, W. Fawcett s.n. (BM); without locality, Nov. 1881, D. Morris 170 (K,

W); Blue Mountains, alt. 5,500 ft., Nov. 1885, A.T. Syme & D. Morris 170 (K, NY, W), C. Luer illustr.

18809; 21 Oct. 1885, A.T. Syme & D. Morris 207 (NY); vicinity of Cinchona, 2-10 Sept. 1906, N.L.

Britton 287 (NY); Mossman’s Peak, alt. 1700-1925 m, 2 July 1926, W.R. Maxon 9689 (AMES, US).

This species is endemic at the higher altitudes of Jamaica. It was collected by

Swartz along with P. alpestris and published in Epidendrum in 1788. The two

species are closely allied, differing only in minor details.

Pleurothallis laxa is distinguished by a slender ramicaul and a shorter, acute,

elliptical, sessile leaf. The successively flowered inflorescence reaches about as

long as or longer than the leaf. The dark purple flowers are held more or less erect,

in a raceme looser than that of P alpestris. The sepals are narrow, acute, fleshy and

subcarinate. The petals are narrow and minutely serrate. The lip is unguiculate,

lobed above the claw, and with an obscure, minutely fimbriate lobe near the middle

on either side. The claw is minutely lobed above the base.

Pleurothallis parvula Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8: 30, 1925.

Ety.: From the Greek parvulus , “small,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Pleurothallisplatyglottis L.O.Williams, Ceiba 1: 228,1951.

Ety.: From the Greek platyglottis , “a broad tongue,” referring to the labellum.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, possibly pendent; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 1-5 cm long,

enclosed below the middle with 3 tubular sheaths, the uppermost the longest. Leaf erect in relation to

the ramicaul, coriaceous, with the margins minutely crenulate, narrowly elliptical, acute, sessile, 1.5-4.5

cm long, 0.3-0.6 cm wide, the base cuneate. Inflorescence a loose, subflexuous, distichous, simultane¬

ously few-flowered raceme, 3-5 cm long including the slender peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, borne with a

spathe 4-5 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts oblique, dilated, 3-6 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5

mm long; ovary 1 mm long, minutely papillose; sepals greenish brown with brown veins, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal narrowly linear-ovate, subcarinate, acute, apiculate, 9 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, free

from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, shortly biapiculate, bicarinate lamina, 8

mm long, 4 mm wide, 6-veined, with the tips acute, free for 1 mm; petals white, membranous, narrowly

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ovate, acute, with microscopically erose margins, 4.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip lobulate,

unguiculate, the blade ovate, subquadrate with undulating, minutely erose margins, creating a pair of

lobules on each side, the apex broadly rounded, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low carinae,

the claw broad above with a pair of erect lobes, tapering to a very narrow attachment, 1.5 mm long,

hinged to the undersurface of the base of the column; column broadly winged above the middle, slender

below the middle, 2.75 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm long.

CUBA: Oriente, Sierra Maestra, Pico Turquino, Alta Maestra, July 1922, Br. Leon 10790 (Holotype: not

at AMES, K or NY; Isotype: HAC); Firmeza to Gran Piedra, 3 Mar. 1911 t J.A. Schafer 8963 (AMES,

NY); Pico Turquino, 31 July 1935, J.T. Roig, J. Acuna & Bucher 6639 (HAC-Roig, NY).

HAITI: Guimbi Galata, Mornes des Commisssaires, alt. 1800 m, 21 June 1942, L.R. Holdrige 1287

(holotype of P piatyglottis: AMES); Mome des Commissaires, alt. 5,800 ft., 8 Aug. 1943, J.T. Curtiss

55 (AMES); Morne des Commissaires, Oviani, alt. 5,800 ft., 27 July 1944, J.T. Curtiss 4 (AMES), C.

Luer illustr. 18846.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Sierra del Baroruco, Pedemales, above Los Arroyos, alt. 1600 m, 18-20 Feb.

1969, A.H. Liogier 13984 (AMES, NY), C. Luer illustr. 19032; Asserradero, above El Aguacate, on

International Highway, Duverge, alt. 1200 m. Mar. 1971, D.D. Dods.n. (AMES). Las Abejas, Cabo

Rojo, collected by D. Dod, Oct. 1968, A.H. Liogier 13511 (NY). Sapoten, Duverge, alt. 1500 m, 4 Jan.

1972, A.H. Liogier 18330 (NY). Sierra de Bahoruco, Pueblo Viejo, above Puerto Escondido, alt. 1850

m, 19 Feb. 1969, A.H. Liogier 14068 (NY).

Pleurothallis parvula was described from a collection by brother Leon in 1922

from the southern, coastal mountains of Cuba where it apparently is not frequent. It

is locally common in the Dominican Republic. A collection by Holdrige from Haiti

was described as P platyglottis.

This species is characterized by a small habit with narrowly elliptical leaves,

more or less as long as the ramicaul, and with minutely erose-undulate margins. A

loose, subflexuous, few-flowered raceme of purple flowers surpasses the leaf. I

suspect that the plant and raceme are pendent as are some close relatives. The

dorsal sepal and synsepal are fleshy and apiculate; the petals are membranous and

narrowly acute; and the proportionately small lip resembles the lip of Dryadella, as

noted by Williams in his description of P. platyglossa. The blade of the unguiculate

lip is subquadrate, lobulate and undulate, sometimes serrate. The long claw is

bilobulate above the middle and narrowly attenuate to the attachment with the base

of the lip. These lobules are noted in the drawing that accompanies the description

of/! parvula.

Pleurothallis pendens Dod, Moscosoa 1(2): 49, 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin pendens , “pendent,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, more or less held horizontally,

5-25 mm long, enclosed below the middle with 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect in relation to the

ramicaul, coriaceous, with the margins minutely crenulate-denticulate, narrowly e iptica , acute, sessi e,

10-20 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, the base cuneate. Inflorescence a pendent, distichous, non-flexuous,

distantly and successively several-flowered raceme, 8-15 cm long including the s en er pe unc e

long, borne with a spathe 3-4 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts o lque, i a ® ’

mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, minutely papillose; sepa s co or no no ’ g '

the dorsal sepal narrowly linear-ovate, acute, subcarinate, curved, concave, 8 mm ong, ’

veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, bicanna te lam,na ’ 6 . 25

long, 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined, with the apex acute, bifid for 1.5 mm, with the mecha 1 third of each lateral

sepal longitudinally convex; petals membranous, narrowly ovate, acute, attenuate a ve • ,

mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined; lip ovate, unguiculate, the blade 15 mm ong, 1.3 run

apex broadly rounded, with microscopically erose margins, the base of the bla e wi , ’

the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of verrucose carinae on the mid e lr , , <•

triangular, broad above, tapering to a very narrow attachment, 1 mm long, inge o helow the

the base of the column-foot; column winged above the middle, lobed at t e apex,

middle, 2.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm long.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona: Puerto Escondito, Pueblo Viejo, Duverge, Camp ***! al |^

m, 27 Mar. 1975, D.D. Dod 515 ( Holotype: SDM; Isotypes: AMES SEL),C. Luer Uustr.19036.

Constanza: Loma Redonda, Cienaga, alt. 1650-1950 m, 23 Sept. 1969, A.H. Liogier 16024 (AMES,

NY); Loma La Pena, alt. 1650 m, 3 Dec. 1977, D.D. Dod 608 (NY, US).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, endemic in the mountains of western Dominican Republic, is

closely allied to P. quisqueana from the mountains of central Dominican Republic.

The flowers of the two concepts are very similar, but the former is distinguished

from the latter by the habit producing single flowers successively in a flaccid, non-

flexuous, pendent raceme of distantly spaced flowers. Sterile specimens, or speci¬

mens in fruit without known locality, are distinguished with uncertainty.

Pleurothallis privigna Luer, Lindleyana 14: 118, 1999.

Ety.: From the Latin privigna, “a stepdaughter,” referring to an imagined relationship with P.

trichophora.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4 mm long, enclosed

by a loose, tubular sheath. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 7-11 mm long, 3-4 mm wide,

vemicose, with denticulate-undulate margins, cuneate below into a petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflor¬

escence a 2-flowered, lax raceme of more or less simultaneous flowers, without color note, 5 mm apart,

borne by a slender peduncle ca. 7 mm long, from the base of the leaf with a spathe 2-3.5 mm long; floral

bract 3-3.5 mm long; pedicel 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long; sepals fleshy, subcarinate, glabrous,

microscopically ciliate, the dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, ovate, acute, concave, 6-7 mm long, 2 mm

wide, lateral veins not visible, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into an ovate synsepal, 5.5-6 mm

long, 3 mm wide, 6-veined, forming a mentum with the column-foot; petals linear-arcuate, 3.75 mm

long, oblong below the middle, 0.5 mm wide, 1 -veined, very narrowly linear above the middle; lip very

small, long-unguiculate, the blade subquadrate with recurved margins minutely erose, 0.8 mm long, 0.75

mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the disc with a pair of low calli near the middle, the claw narrowly

cuneiform, 1.25 mm long, hinged to the end of the column-foot; column broadly winged above the

middle, denticulate at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma ven¬

tral.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: La Vega: cloud forest. La Nevera, between Valle Nuevo and San Jose de

Ocoa, alt. 2100 m, 18 Oct. 1965, A.H. Liogier 13165 (Holotype: NY), C. Luer illustr. 18845.

This small species, known from one collection by brother Liogier, is apparently

rare in Dominican Republic. It is characterized by small, thick, coarsely verrucose,

elliptical leaves with denticulate-undulate margins. The ramicauls are less than four

millimeters long. On the two specimens at hand the apparently erect peduncle

seven millimeters long bears two flowers five millimeters apart. The flowers are

very similar to those of the vegetatively much larger P trichophora , but differ with

arcuate petals that are narrowly oblong below the middle and very narrowly linear

above the middle; and the lip is smaller with a proportionately longer claw.

Pleurothallis prostrata Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 327, 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin prostratus , “prostrate,” referring to a mistaken idea of the habit.

Syn.: Humboldtia prostrata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect (not prostrate), slender,

1.5-3 cm long, the upper half enclosed with a loose, tubular sheath, and the lower half also enclosed by a

similar sheath and 1 -2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 2-5

cm long, 4-8 mm wide, with the base cuneate, sessile. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, flexuous, succes¬

sively several-flowered raceme, 3-6 cm long including the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, subtended by a

spathe 5 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts conspicuous, inflated, 3-4 mm long, enclosing

pedicel, ovary, and base of the dorsal sepal; pedicels 0.5 mm long, ovary cellular-papillose, 2 mm long

and broad, sepals purple, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, apiculate, 9.5-10 mm

long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute, biapiculate, concave synse¬

pal, 8.5-9 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent, elliptical, acute, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 1-veined, lip thick, oblong-subtrilobed, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded,

minutely irregular, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, rounded, the disc shallowly channeled

between a pair of thick, parallel, subverrucose calli on the middle third, the base truncate, minutely lobed

at the angles, hinged to the column-foot; column longitudinally winged, denticulate at the apex, 2.5 mm

long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

CUBA: Oriente, 1856-57, C. Wright 629 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: AMES, BR, W); Oriente, near Monte

Verde, Jan.- July 1859, C. Wright 1500 (AMES, BR, K, LE, P), C. Luer illustr. 18807; Oriente, near

Potosi, 1861, C. Wright s.n. (W); Pico de La Bayamesa, alt, 4,900-5,200 ft., 16-19 July 1955, RE.

Schultes et al. 613 (AMES); A serris Palenque entre el Rio Carboni, wet forest, alt. 400-800 m, 2 May

1981, H. Dietrich, L. Lippel & B. Mory s.n. (HAJB).

Clumps of this species collected by Wright were mounted flattened out so that

ramicauls are dispersed in all directions. This position gave Lindley the impression

that the ramicauls were prostrate in the natural position. Another erroneous impres¬

sion is the length of the pedicels, which Lindley thought were elongate. They are

extremely short, completely enclosed by an inflated floral bract. The slender,

flexuous, segments of the rachis give the false impression of being pedicels. The

zig-zag raceme and relatively large, gaping flower are reminiscent of P. appendicu-

lata. The thick lip suggests subgenus Acianthera with marginal lobes below the

middle and a central pair of calli.

Pleurothallis quisquevana Dod, Moscosoa 1:51, 1977.

Ety.: Named for Quisqueya, the indigenous name for the country.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 1-4 cm long, enclosed below

the middle with 3 loose, tubular sheaths, the uppermost the longest. Leaf erect in relation to the rami-

caul, coriaceous, with the margins minutely crenulate-denticulate, narrowly elliptical, acute, sessile, 2-4

cm long, 0.6-1.1 cm wide, the base cuneate. Inflorescence a pendent, loose, subflexuous, distichous,

few-flowered raceme, 4-8 cm long including the slender peduncle 2-2.5 cm long, borne with a spathe 6-8

mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts oblique, dilated, 5-6 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long, ovary

2 mm long, minutely papillose; sepals yellowish with red veins, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly

linear-ovate, subcarinate, thick above the middle, acute, 9 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, free from t e

lateral sepals, the lateral sepals lightly adherent into an ovate, bifid, bicarinate lamina, 8 mm long, 5 mm

wide, 6-veined, with the tips acute, easily separable; petals white, membranous, narrowly ovate, acute,

with microscopically erose margins, 4.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip suborbicu ar, unguicu

late, the blade 1.25 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, with the apex broadly rounded, with microscopically erose

margins, the base of the blade with a pair of small, rounded lobes, the disc shallowly sulcate etween a

pair of low, carinae, the claw narrowly triangular, broad above, tapering to a very narrow attac men ,

1.25 mm long, hinged to the undersurface of the base of the column-foot; column broad y wmge a ve

the middle, toothed at the tip, slender below the middle, 2.25 mm long, the anther and stigma ven ra ,

foot thick, 1.5 mm long.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: La Vega: San Jose de Oca, la Horma Arriba, alt. 1820 m, 23 Jan. I9 ^-

Dod 590 (Holotype: SDM; Isotypes: AMES, NY, SEL, US), C. Luer illustr. 188 ,

Valle Nuevo and San Jose de Ocoa, alt. 2100 m, 18 Oct. 1968, A.H. Liogier 13 ( ’

area, alt. 2100 m, 30 May 1969, A.H. Liogier 15483 (AMES, NY).

This species is apparently endemic in the mountains of western Dominican

Republic. The elliptical leaves are minutely denticulate. The raceme is a istant y

few-flowered, subflexuous to straight raceme, often becoming more than twice as

long as the leaf. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are fleshy and subcarinate, the later¬

als forming a conspicuous mentum with the column-foot, the petals are roem

branous and narrowly acute; and the proportionately very small blade o t e ip is

suborbicular and bicallous, and with an equally long, narrowly attenuate c aw.

Pleurothallis quisqueana is allied to the Cuban P trichophora. e a ^

distinguished by more or less erect racemes; flowers without a prominent men

and a proportionately larger lip with a shorter, broader claw. ,

Pleurothallis quisqueana was distinguished by Dod from P pendens y pro u -

ing in succession two or three flowers simultaneously, while t e more

spaced flowers of P pendens are produced singly in an eventually longer raceme.

48 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis trichophora Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 326, 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek trichophoros , “bearing a hair,” referring to the peduncle.

Syn.: Humboldtia trichophora (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, ?pendent; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

1.5-4 cm long, mostly enclosed with a loose, tubular sheath, and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect in

relation to the ramicaul, coriaceous, with the margins minutely crenulate-denticulate, narrowly elliptical,

acute, sessile, 2-4 cm long, 0.7-1.3 cm wide, the base cuneate. Inflorescence a distantly flowered, more

or less strict, secund, successively flowered raceme, 8-15 cm long including the slender peduncle 3-4 cm

long, borne with a spathe 3-5 mm long, at the base of the leaf; floral bracts oblique, dilated, 2-3 mm

long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals dark red-purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrow¬

ly ovate, subcarinate, acute, 7.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral

sepals connate into an ovate, bicarinate lamina, 6.25 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 2-veined, with the apex

acute, acuminate, minutely bifid; petals membranous, narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate, 4.75 mm long,

1.2 mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, obovate, unguiculate, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, with the apex

broadly rounded, with a pair of small, rounded lobes near the middle, contracted below the middle into a

cuneate, microscopically pubescent claw, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, carinae above

the middle, the claw tapered to a very narrow attachment, hinged to the end of the column-foot; column

broadly winged above the middle, erose at the tip, slender below the middle, 3 mm long, the anther and

stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1.5 mm long.

CUBA: Oriente, 1856-57, C. Wright 659 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: BR, HAC, LE, P, W), C. Luer illustr.

18806; near Monte Verde, 1859, C. Wright 659 (AMES); 1860-1864, C. Wright 659 (NY); H.F.A.

Eggers 5129 (BR). Sierra Maestra, Loma del Gato, alt. 1000 m, 11 July-14 Aug. 1921, Bros. Leon,

Clement & M. Roca 10236 (HAC, NY); Loma del Gato, Dec. 1920, Bro. Clement 497 (HAC, NY, US).

Santa Clara: Trinidad Mts., alt. 2,500 ft., 12 Mar. 1930, F.W. Hunnewell 11606 (AMES). Loma Redonla,

Sevilla, alt. 1200 m, Jan. 1928, Bro. Clemente 2050 (HAC, HAJB); Cordillera de la Gran Piedra. 28 Jan.

1953, M. Lopez F.818( HAJB). Santiago de Cuba: La Gran Piedra, 26 Sept. 1959,/ Acuhaetal. 21107

(HAC); Sancti Spiritus (Las Villas): Barrio Aguacate, Trinidad, Feb. 1956, F.R. Alvarez 20122 (HAC).

Cienfuegos: Sierra del Escambray, Cumanegagua, 9 Nov. 1987, L. Arias et al. s.n. (HAJB).

This species is endemic and relatively frequent in the southern, coastal range of

southeastern Cuba, where it was first collected by Charles Wright in the 1850’s.

The elliptical leaves are minutely denticulate on the margins. The inflorescence is a

several-flowered, nearly strict raceme, more than twice as long as the leaf. The

dorsal sepal and synsepal are acute; the petals are narrowly acute and acuminate;

and the proportionately small lip is obovate with a cuneate claw below a pair of

rounded, marginal lobes near the middle.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Fig. 3. Pleurothallis bahorucensis

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis erosa

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 7. Pleurothallis parvula

(Pleurothallis platyglottis)

Fig. 8. Pleurothallis pendens

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Fig. 12. Pleurothallis trichophora

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

*■

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES IN

SUBGENUS ANTILLA

Dendrobium alpestre 41

laxum 44

Dryadella 45

Epidendrum 39,44

Epidendrum alpestre 41

laxum 41,44

Humboldtia alpestris 41

laxa 44

prostrata 46

trichophora 48

Lepanthes 39

Lepanthopsis 39

Pleurothallis 39,40,41,

subgen. Acianthera 39, 47

subgen. Antilla 39,40

Pleurothallis alpestris 40, 41, 44, Fig. 1.

appendiculata 40, 42, 47, Fig. 2.

bahorucensis 40, 42, 43, Fig. 3.

erosa 40, 43, Fig. 4.

laxa 40,41,44, Fig. 5.

nigroannulata 40, 41,44

parvula 40, 44, 45, Fig. 6, 7.

pendens 40,43, 45, 47, Fig. 8.

platyglottis 40,44,45

privigna 40, 46, Fig. 9.

prostrata 40, 46, Fig. 10.

quisqueyana 40,46, 47, Fig. 11.

trichophora 39,40,46,47, 48, Fig. 12.

REFERENCES

A T;„ J 0 C v al0g ° ' d ff 0 ri , P ‘i V ° de las 0r< l u '^ eas Cubanas. Edicion Experimental Agronomica

Santiago de las Vegas 60: 118-139. Reprinted 1987.

Dod, D.D 1984. Orquideas nuevas para La Espafiola y otras notas. V. Moscosoa 3- 100-120

Fawcett, W. & A.R. Rendle, 1910. Flora of Jamaica, Orchidaceae 52-66.

E< ^ B ™ hC p* 1946 . de Cuba - Part 1 Novedades en la Flora de Cuba. Habana Cultural, Habana:

366-371. Reprinted 1983.

Luer.C.A, 1999. New species of pleurothallids from Cuba and Hispaniola. Lindleyana 14: 106-121.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

SUBGENUS EFFUSIA

ABSTRACT

A brief history of subgenus Effusia Luer of Pleurothallis R.Br. is given and

described. A key to the sections and species is given. Each species is described

and illustrated with a black and white drawing.

New taxa:

Pleurothallis subgen. Effusia Luer, subgen. nov.

Pleurothallis thomasii Luer, sp. nov.

The first species of subgenus Effusia to be described was Pleurothallis flexuosa

as Specklinia flexuosa by Poeppig and Endlicher in 1835 from a Peruvian collection

by Poeppig in 1829. Lindley transferred it to Pleurothallis in 1842.

This taxon was first recognized by Lindley in 1842 as a section of Pleurothallis.

In his Folia Orchidacea of 1859, he did not maintain the section. Instead, he scat¬

tered the closely related species known at that time into five sections: Macrophyl-

lae-Racemosae, Brachystachyae, Elongatae, Acuminatae, and Apodae-Caespitosae,

the last section with the most species attributable to subgenus Effusia , probably

because of the short ramicauls. Barbosa Rodrigues scattered species attributable to

this subgenus into Anathallis, Lepanthes , and Pleurothallis. Cogniaux also scat¬

tered the species into various infrageneric taxa.

Subgenus Effusia was treated as section Effusae in Specklinia along with section

Acuminatae in leones Pleurothallidinarum-3 (Luer, 1986). Neither section could

remain in Specklinia as presently more strictly defined, although a few species show

some affinity with Specklinia , but the affinity of some species with subgenus Aci-

anthera seems even greater. Subgenus Specklinia is characterized by a sma

habit with a ramicaul usually distinctly shorter than the leaf. The flowers are ex

tremely variable, three sections now being recognized. Sections Acuminatae an

Effusae with larger habits with longer ramicauls (those of some alliances within

Effusae being shorter than the leaf) have been removed to subgenera of eurot a

lis. Although related to subgenus Acuminatia, subgenus Effusia is most easi y

distinguished by the lateral sepals that are variously connate to complete y connate,

sometimes forming a deeply concave synsepal. From subgenus Aciant era , it is

distinguished by entire, obtuse petals that are only microscopically denticu ate in a

few species. , .

The species of subgenus Effusia are widely distributed from sout em ex j£°

into southern Brazil. Over one hundred binomials have been attri ute to

subgenus, many of which are treated as synonyms. The 40 species treate ere are

Andean or from regions farther north (Central America and the Anti es), u o

them also occur in Brazil. About 23 species are found in Brazil, including t e w

that range farther north. These species will be treated in the Pleurot a is o raz

see page 89.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SUBGENUS EFFUSIA

Pleurothallis subgen. Effusia Luer, subgen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis hypnicola Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 75, 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin ejfusus, “spread out,” referring to the loose inflorescence.

Inflorescentia laxe racemiflora, sepala lateralia plus minusve connata, labellum unguiculatum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. EJfusae Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 75, 1842.

Lectotype: Pleurothallis hypnicola Lindl.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. Fractijlexae Pabst, Orch. Bras. 1: 154, 1975, nomen nudum.

Plants perennial, small, medium in size to large, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose to shortly repent;

roots slender. Ramicauls erect, short to elongated, non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate, enclosed by a tubular,

glabrous sheath above or below the middle, and other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous’,

smooth, green, more or less elliptical with the apex acute to obtuse, shallowly notched, the base narrowly

or broadly cuneate to rounded, sessile, or gradually or abruptly contracted into a petiole. Inflorescence 1

to several, erect to suberect, simultaneously to successively flowered racemes, the flowers usually resu-

pinate, variously colored, borne by a slender to stout peduncle that emerges laterally from the ramicaul

with a distinct or indistinct annulus a short distance below the abscission layer, or from the apex of the

ramicaul at the base of the leaf, with a relatively inconspicuous spathe; floral bracts infundibular or

tubular; pedicels longer or shorter than the floral bract; ovary smooth, trivalvate; sepals membranous,

glabrous, pubescent to long-villous within, ovate to elliptical, acute to acuminate but non-caudate, the

dorsal practically free from the laterals, the laterals partly to completely connate; petals elliptical, obo-

vate to spathulate, acute to obtuse, entire (rarely minutely denticulate); lip arcuate, more or less trilobed

with the lobes near or below the middle and erect, narrowed below the lobes into a broad to narrow,

subunguiculate base the disc with a pair of longitudinal calli near the margins, or upon the margins,

ob use to rounded at the apex, entire to occasionally denticulate or verrucose, truncate at the base, often

wuh a lobule at each comer, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column elongate, terete to winged or

“ ,^ d ?' ,h h e ape *’ ' he a " ,her - vellum and stigma ventral, the pollinia 2, obovoid, with a minute vis-

cidium, the base of the column variously prolonged into a column-foot.

Subgenus Effusia is characterized by a ramicaul shorter than, to much longer

t an the leaf. The leaf is narrowly or broadly cuneate, or rounded at the base, and

either gradually or abruptly petiolate. The inflorescence is racemose, rarely single-

flowered, the racemes borne laterally a short distance below the abscission layer, or

at the base of the leaf from the apex of the ramicaul. The racemes are produced

singly or several simultaneously in a fascicle. The flowers are produced more or

ess simultaneously or successively in short or elongated racemes. The dorsal sepal

is essentially free, but the laterals are variously connate into a synsepal; the petals

are sma 1 and elliptical, more or less unguiculate, and often spathulate or flabellate;

and the lip ,s arcuate with erect, marginal lobes at or below the middle. The disc is

often variously vemicose, and with a pair of longitudinal calli near the margins to

intramural, and shallowly concave centrally between the calli. Below the lobes the

wlnced'anH °ii t SS i roa< ^ un 8 u * cu * ate - The column is stout, usually variously

winged and denticulate at the apex, with the anther and stigma ventral The pair of

The Indofthe^v Th T^T 11 viscidium - The column-foot extends beyond

the end of the ovary. The lip is delicately hinged to the tip

or T lnK " elaKd alliances C0 " s,IWK th '

spedi: speMMa some

amha) probably are not closely majority. ^be^g^roughuogether^y

k ! y tem "i ecrh V ttee fop, would be mated bene, in

Sere k T StUd ' eS of DNA ma y help to place them

P g ions for the subgenus seems not practical at this time.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS

REFERABLE TO SUBGENUS EFFUSIA

(excluding species endemic in Brazil)

P. amparoana Schltr.

P. aperta (Kraenzl.) Ames = P. tripterantha

P. arcuata Lindl.

P. aristocratica L.O.Williams = P. retusa

P. bernoullii Schltr. = P. platystylis

P. brenneri Luer.

P calerae Schltr. = P. immersa

P. campicola Luer = P. listerophora

P chiquindensis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = P. gelida

P. chiriquensis Schltr. = P. gelida

P. chlorina Luer.

P. cocornaensis Luer & Escobar.

P. convallaria Schltr.

P. convoluta Lindl.

P. crenata Lindl.

P. cypripedioides Luer.

P. dilatata C.Schweinf. .

P. diminuta Luer.

P. elachopus Rchb.f. = P. flexuosa

P. erucosa Luer & Escobar.

P. espinalii Luer = P. convoluta

P. flexuosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl.

P. fornicata Luer.

P. gelida Lindl...•;.

P. ghiesbreghtiana A.Rich. & Galeotti = P. racemiflora

P. hamata Rolfe = P. tripterantha

P. hamiltonii Luer .

P hieroglyphica Ames = P. retusa

P. hirsuta Ames = P. villosa

P. humboldtiana Luer = P. scabrata

P. immersa Linden & Rchb.f. .

P. imraei Lindl.

P incompta Rchb.f. = P. racemiflora

P. jalapensis (Kraenzl.) Garay.

P kefersteiniana Rchb.f. = P. flexuosa

P. krameriana Rchb.f. = P. immersa

P. lasiosepala Schltr. = P. immersa

P. lehmanneptis Luer & Escobar.

P. listerophora Schltr.

P. longispicata L.O.Williams.

P. longissima Lindl. = P. racemiflora

P. lyroglossa Schltr. = P. racemiflora

P. medellinensis Schltr. = P. tripterantha

P. nicaraguensis Rchb.f. = P. racemiflora

P. niederleinii Schltr. = P. racemiflora

P. nigriflora L.O.Williams.

P. oestlundiana L.O.Williams.

P. ornata Rchb.f. .

P papillisepala Schltr. = P. convoluta

P. petiolaris Luer

•Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

.Fig. 4.

.Fig. 5.

.Fig. 6.

.Fig. 7.

.Fig. 8.

.Fig. 9.

.Fig. 10.

.Fig. 11.

.Fig. 12.

.Fig. 13, 14, 15.

..Fig. 16.

.Fig. 17, 18.

.Fig. 19.

.Fig. 20.

.Fig. 21.

.Fig. 22.

.Fig. 23.

.Fig. 24.

.Fig. 25.

.Fig. 26.

.Fig. 27, 28.

.Fig. 29.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

P. polyliria Endres & Rchb.f. = P. gelida

P. procumbens Lindl. = P. tripterantha

P. prolixa Luer..

P. pseudocheila Luer & Escobar.

P. puberula Rolfe, not Klotzsch = P. gelida

P quadrifida (La Llave & Lex.) Lindl. = P. racemiflora

P. racemiflora Lindl. ex Lodd.

P remotiflora C.Schweinf. = P. flexuosa

P. resupinata Ames.

P. retusa (La Llave) Lindl.

P. rhombipetala Rolfe = P. arcuata

P. sanguinolenta Garay & Kittredge = P. oestlundiana

P. scabrata Lindl.

P. schiedei Rchb.f. = P. villosa

P. tarantula Luer & Escobar.

P tenuispica Schltr. = P. gelida

P. thomasii Luer.

P. tortilis Luer & Escobar.

P trialata Cogn. = P. tripterantha

P. trichostoma Luer.

P. tripterantha Rchb.f.. . .

P tripterygia Rchb.f. = P. tripterantha.

P. trulla Rchb.f..

P umbraticola Schltr. = P. imraei

P. univaginata Lindl. = P. gelida

P. vaginata Schltr.

P. villosa Knowles & Westc. ... .

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS EFFUSIA

1 Raceme shorter than the leaf.

1 ’ Raceme longer than the leaf.

2 Leaf narrowly cuneate at the base.

2’ Leaf broad at the base, contracted into a twisted petiole. ....

■Fig. 32.

.Fig. 33.

.Fig. 34.

.Fig. 35.

.Fig. 36.

.Fig. 37.

.Fig. 38.

.Fig. 39.

.Fig. 40.

.Fig. 41.

•Fig. 42,43.

.Fig. 44.

.Fig. 45.

.Fig. 46.

.16

. 8

3 Lip with tall lobes, hastate when expanded.

3’ Lip with low, longitudinal lobes...

4 Petals broadly obovate, unguiculate, flanking the lip and column

4 Petals narrowly obovate, incurved below the lip.

5 Sepals glabrous within.

5’ Sepals pubescent within.

6 Sepals ca. 4 mm long, black.

6’ Sepals 6-8 mm long, not black. ZIIZ.

. P. retusa

■P. pseudocheila

. 6

. P. nigrijlora

■ P. oestlundiana

7 Plant less than 10 cm tall; leaves not convolute

T Plant more than 10 cm tall; leaves more or less convoluted

8 Lip retuse with a midline keel.

8’ Lip not retuse, without a keel.

P listerophora

•-P. convoluta

.... P tortillis

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

9 Inflorescence 1-flowered, flower non-resupinate. P. chlorina

9’ Inflorescence racemose, flowers resupinate.10

10 Raceme loosely flowered, lip narrowly unguiculate. P. brenneri

10’ Raceme congested, lip broadly unguiculate.11

11 Flowers cleistogamous, glabrous within . P vaginata

11 ’ Flowers not cleistogamous, pubescent within.12

12 Leaf deeply concave on undersurface. P erucosa

12’ Leaf not deeply concave.13

13 Racemes numerous, simultaneous; petals obovate, obtuse. P. cocornaensis

13’ Racemes 1 to few; petals unguiculate. 14

14 Petals cuneate; lip broadly truncate, verrucose.

14’ Petals spathulate; lip not broadly truncate.

P. tarantula

.15

15 Plant more than 10 cm tall; sepals long-pubescent within. P. imraei

15’ Plant less than 10 cm tall; sepals shortly pubescent within. P petiolaris

16 Ramicaul up to half as long as the leaf.

16’ Ramicaul nearly as long as, or longer than the leaf.

17 Leaf broadly elliptical-obovate, more than 2.5 cm wide.

17’ Leaf narrowly elliptical-obovate, less than 2 cm wide...

18 Lip with the blade broader than long, the claw slender.

18’ Lip with the blade longer than broad.

P. convallaria

.19

19 Petals truncate. . fornicate^

19’ Petals spathulate, not truncate.

20 Petals minutely pubescent, minutely denticulate.

20’ Petals entire.

P. crenata

.21

21 Petals subtrilobed at the apex

21 ’ Petals rounded at the apex.

P arcuata

. 22

22 Peduncle clasped by about half the length of the leaf.. P immersa

22’ Peduncle free from the leaf.^ lehmanneptis

23 Raceme with several flowers open simultaneously.

23’ Raceme successively flowered.

24 Synsepal deeply concave, white, long-villous within. P amparoana

24’ Synsepal shallowly concave, ciliate. . jalapensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

25 Lateral sepals convex with large, clubbed, marginal trichomes. P. omata

25’ Lateral sepals not convex with trichomes.26

26 Sepals rigidly tall-carinate. p. tripterantha

26’ Sepals not rigidly tall-carinate.27

27 Synsepal deeply concave... p cypripedioides

27’ Synsepal not deeply concave.28

28 Petals spathulate; column not long-beaked. p flexuosa

28’ Petals obovate; column long-beaked. p trichostoma

29 Leaf more than 5 cm wide; lateral sepals connate below the middle.30

29’ Leafless than 3 cm wide; lateral sepals connate above the middle.31

30 Petals acute; lip subovate, narrowly acute... p hamiltonii

30’ Petals obtuse; lip obcuneate, truncate. p gelida

31 Raceme with more than 5 flowers open simultaneously.32

31 ’ Raceme with fewer than 4 flowers open simultaneously. 37

32^ Lip pyriform, round at the apex, shortly unguiculate. P racemiflora

32’ Lip not pyriform and round at the apex... 33

33 Lip with the blade suborbicular with abrupt, narrow claw. P trulla

33’ Lip with the blade not suborbicular with abrupt, narrow claw..34

34 Petals narrowly ovate, acute

34’ Petals obovate, obtuse.

P. scabrata

.35

35 Sepals pubescent within

35’ Sepals glabrous.

P prolixa

.36

36 Lip oblong, slightly narrowed into the claw.

36’ Lip shallowly 3-lobed, narrowed above and below.

P. platystylis

...P. dilatata

37 Sepals pubescent within

37’ Sepals glabrous within..

38 Dorsal sepal ovate, acute.

38’ Dorsal sepal obovate, obtuse

P. fomicata

.39

39 Pedicels 4-6 mm long.

39’ Pedicels 1-1.5 mm long.

40 Sepals serrate; lip oblong.

40’ Sepals not serrate; lip 3-lobed.

... P villosa

P. thomasii

...P. resupinata

P longispicata

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis amparoana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 23, 1923.

Ety.: Dedicated to Sra. Amparo de Zeledon of San Jose, Costa Rica, who was cultivating this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 7-

11 cm long, 1-1.3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a loose,

distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 9-14 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long,

subtended by a narrow spathe ca. 5 mm long from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts thin, infundibular, 6 mm long; pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals creamy white

or white, long-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals connate into a deeply concave, inflated, obovoid synsepal, 9 mm long, 7 mm wide, unex¬

panded, 6-veined; petals translucent, broadly elliptical, obtuse, apiculate, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip white, arcuate, 3-lobed, unguiculate, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, rounded at the apex, the

lateral lobes erect, broadly rounded with low, intramural carinae, below the middle, the disc with a

midline flat callus with irregular edges below the middle above the claw, the claw short, truncate, hinged

to the column-foot; column green, slender, arcuate, 3.5 mm long, with a long, denticulate hood at the

apex, the foot 0.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Heredia: San Jeronimo, May 1921, C. Brade 4 (Holotype of P. amparoana destroyed at

B; Lectotype here designated: AMES); San Jeronimo, 20 Aug. 1935, F. Solis Rojas 345 (MO). Alajue-

la: above San Ramon, A. Endres 30, sketch 24 (W). Puntarenas. Monteverde, alt. 1600-1700 m, 7 June

1989, J.T. Atwood 89-126 (K, MO, SEL). San Jose: Aserri, alt. 1300 m, 20 Sept. 1924, A. Alfaro s.n.

(AMES).

This handsome species, already known from illustrations made by Endres in

Costa Rica in the nineteenth century, is apparently confined to that country where it

is relatively uncommon. It is characterized by narrow leaves, longer than the rami¬

cauls, and surpassed by a loose raceme of relatively large, white flowers that are

filled within by long, soft, white hairs. The synsepal is deeply inflated; the petals

are broadly elliptical; and the lip has broadly rounded lateral lobes above the un¬

guiculate base.

Pleurothallis arcuata Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 34, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin arcuatus, “arcuate,” perhaps referring to the raceme or the lip.

Syn.: Lepanthes chrysosepala Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 44, 1882.

Ety.: From the Greek chrysosepalon , “yellow sepal,” referring to the color of flowers.

Syn.: Humboldtia arcuata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ocellata Porsch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 156, 1905.

Ety.: From the Latin ocellatus, “with two-colored spots,” referring to the lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis rhombipetala Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 4, 1893.

Ety.: From the Greek rhombipetalon , “rhomboid petal,” referring to the shape of the petals.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-6.5 cm

long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath below the middle and 1 -2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 4-9 cm long, 1.5-2.75 cm wide, cuneate below into a

subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a loose, distichous, slightly flexuous several- to many-flowered raceme

of non-resupinate flowers, 20-45 cm long including the peduncle 10-25 cm long, borne from the base of

the leaf with a thin spathe 5-8 mm long; floral bracts 4-7 mm long; pedicels 8-15 mm long; ovary 7-10

mm long; sepals green to yellow or brown, variously suffused or spotted with brown or purple, carinate

and glabrous externally, densely pubescent within, the middle sepal ovate, acute, concave basally, with

the sides slightly recurved above the middle, 8-13 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate to the apex into a narrowly oblong synsepal, minutely bifid at the subacute apex, 7-12 mm long,

3-4 mm wide, 6-veined, concave with the sides erect and contracted below the middle, the sides slightly

recurved above the middle; petals spotted with purple, fleshy with the midvein thick toward the apex,

obscurely tribolulate with the apex acuminate and rounded at the tip, both sides triangular with rounded,

obtuse apices, unguiculate below the middle, 3-4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip spotted with

purple, oblong-trilobed, arcuate, 3-3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex minutely verrucose, subacute to

rounded, the lobes below the middle, erect, obtuse, the disc sulcate between a pair of low, parallel, more

or less verrucose calli on the middle third, the base truncate with basal auricles, hinged between to the

column-foot; column spotted, stout, longitudinally winged, 3-iJ mm long, denticulate at the apex, the

hooded anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick, I mm long.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: without locality, / Mierss.n. (Holotype: K); mountains near Rodeio, J.B.

Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of Lepanthes chrysosepala: Rodrigues’ illustr.); without locality A. Glaziou

17254, 19885 (C, K). Fazenda Bella Vista near Santa Cruz on Rio Pardo, alt. ca. 500 m, July 1901, R.

von Wettstein & V. Schiffner s.n. (holotype of P ocellata: W?); Serra dos Aruras, Theresopolis, Jan.

1888, J. T. de Moura s.n. (BR); Sao Pedro, Tapera, alt. 1300 m, 7 Nov. 1967, A de Oliviera 23526 (M,

SP); Organ Mts., vicinity of Theresopolis, alt. 1100 m, 17 Dec. 1928, L.B. Smith 1512 (AMES); same

area, cultivated by Orquidario Binot, 30 Nov. 1989, C. Luer 14480, 14490, 14521 (MO); between There¬

sopolis and Salvador, alt. 950 m, 2 Dec. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Pessoa 14544 (MO); Nova Fribur-

go, Rio Macae, alt. 1000 m, 25 Jan. 1997, A. Toscano de Brito, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Miller 1107 (MO).

Imported from Brazil without collection data, Dec. 1889, by F. Sander & Co., s.n. (K).

VENEZUELA: imported from Mt. Roraima by Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., of Clapham,

Dec. 1892, (holotype of P. rhombipetala: K); flowered in cultivation at Bruxelles (BR); without collec¬

tion data, cultivated Oct. 1889 by Sir Trevor Lawrence s.n. (K.).

This handsome species is frequent and widely distributed through Brazil to the

Guyana highlands. It is very closely allied to P alligatorifera , which is sometimes

reduced to its synonymy. In spite of the extreme similarity, the two species are

separated distantly in the key in Orchidaceae Brasilienses. Herbarium specimens

are sometimes difficult to distinguish without hydration of a flower.

Pleurothallis arcuata is characterized by a stout ramicaul shorter than the ellip¬

tical leaf. The loosely flowered inflorescence far exceeds the leaf. The pedicel and

ovary are elongated, bearing the flower in a non-resupinate position. The middle

sepal is ovate and acute, expanded above the concave base with the sides only

slightly recurved. The synsepal is contracted and concave below the middle bet¬

ween erect sides above which the sides recurve slightly. The petals are three-lobed

with the apex and marginal lobes rounded. The lip is thick and arcuate with a pair

of calli within erect margins; the apex is verruculose, and the base is bilobulate.

Pleurothallis alligatorifera varies from the above with shorter pedicels and

ovaries; a narrower and thicker middle sepal that is deeply concave below the

middle between thickened sides, and fleshy thickened above the middle to a round¬

ed apex; and petals with an acute apex.

On the type-sheet of P. rhombipetala are three separate specimens. Mounted on

the right side of the herbarium sheet are a few fragments which constitute the holo¬

type. Attached at the comer is a brief, handwritten note: “Will you kindly name for

us the enclosed curio, it comes from the Roraima. Yours truly and oblige E?.

Suttleworth. Mounted on the left side of the sheet is a leaf and flowerless inflor¬

escence from F. Sander & Co. imported from Brazil, dated Oct. 1889. Mounted

between the two above specimens is another leaf and an inflorescence with one

remaining flower solidly glued to the sheet, and a packet containing two buds. This

specimen came from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford Lodge, Dec. 1889, without

collection data. The habit of all three is that of the common Brazilian P. arcuata.

Pleurothallis brenneri Luer, Selbyana 3: 64, 1976.

Ety.: Named for Joe Brenner, formerly of Puyo, Ecuador, who collected this species.

TkT 7 Z !\ ep , iphy ?’caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-11 cm long,

Te tht r t t T*" 6 3 " d 2 ' 3 0thers 3t the base Leaf,erect, coriaceous, elliptical,

be iw Into he n! n ° 7 rT’ 2 ^ °, ng mcluding a P etiole ca - 1 cm long. > -5-2 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, distichous, simultaneously 2- to 4-flowered raceme 2-5

cm long including the peduncle 0.5-2 cm long, subtended by a narrow spathe 4-7 mm long from an

mT nn 56 ° W ?T P i? X ° f thC ram,C3ui; floral bracts 1-5-4 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm lonl ovary 2

pubescent with n he do^l"’ "TT* “ “ With PUrp ' e ’ especial 'y al °"g veins, microscopically

fhe lateral Teoals conna?e? 361,31 ° bova,e >. subac “<e <° obtuse, 8-14 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, 3-veined,

largemCTitumwhh'the^nh'm'*^ 7 **** ?“ 0 1" ° Va,e 3yns6pal - concave below ‘be middle to form a

htrge mentum with the column-foot, recurving above the middle, obtuse, 7-12 mm long 5-8 mm wide-

petals translucent, flecked with purple, obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed toward the base 4-6 mm

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

ong 2-4 mm wide, with 3 close veins; lip yellow-orange, mottled with purple, arcuate, sagittate-tri-

lobed obtuse, unguiculate, 4-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide expanded, the sides (lateral lobes) erect and

broadly rounded below the middle, with longitudinal, intramural carinae, narrowed below the lateral

lobes into an unguiculate base 1-2 mm long, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, 2.2-4 mm long,

the anther-cap protruding beyond the clinandrium, the foot about as long, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Bolivar: epiphytic in an orange grove below Pallatanga, alt. 800 m, J. Brenner 4 (Holotype:

SEL). Loja: El Cisne, 30 Oct. 1876, E. Andre 4345 (K); above El Cisne, alt. 2400-2500 m, F.C

Lehmann 8201 (K); between Loja and Catacocha, alt. 2200 m, 7 Feb. 1977, G. Harling, U. Eliasson & L.

Andersson 15152 (GB); mountain scrub between San Pedro de la Bendita and Porto Velo, alt. 2150-2200

m, 29 Feb. 1988, U. Molau & B. Eriksen 3119 (GB). Zamora-Chinchipe: north of Yangana alt 2500

m, 3 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23584 (AMES, GB).

This species is locally frequent in several areas of southeastern Ecuador, usually

at moderate altitudes in relatively dry scrub forest. The petiole of the elliptical leaf

is twisted so that the few-flowered raceme appears along the back side. The sepals

are obtuse and pubescent within, the petals are obtuse, and the lip, long-unguiculate.

Pleurothallis chlorina Luer, Phytologia 47: 75, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin chlorinus (Greek chloros), “green,” referring to the color of the flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2.5-4.5 cm long, with a

close, tubular sheath below the middle and another sheath at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

ovate, petiolate, subacute to obtuse, 20-28 mm long, 13-17 mm wide, broadly cuneate below, contracted

into a twisted petiole 4-8 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary, successive, non-resupinate, yellow-green

flower, borne behind the leaf, subtended by a spathe 3-4 mm long at the base of the petiole; peduncle 8-

10 mm long; floral bract oblique, 4 mm long; pedicel curved, 3-4 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals

crystalline light yellow-green, microscopically pubescent within, the middle sepal oblong, subacute to

obtuse, 16 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into an oblong synse-

pal, lightly veined in purple externally, concave below the middle to form an acute, narrow mentum with

the column-foot, recurving above the middle, obtuse, 14 mm long, 8 mm wide; petals translucent yel¬

low-green, obovate, subacute, 9.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, with 3 central veins, elevated externally; lip

pale yellow, long-unguiculate, arcuate, sagittate, the blade ovate, minutely serrate, narrowly obtuse, 7

mm long including the claw 2.75 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal cari¬

nae, the claw slender, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column pale yellow, broadly winged, 3.5 mm

long, the anther-cap protruding beyond the clinandrium, the foot 4 mm long, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in scrub forest northwest of El Cisne, alt. 2300 m, 24 Sept. 1980, C. Luer et

al. 5582 (Holotype: SEL); El Cisne, 30 Oct. 1876, E. Andre 4346 (K).

This species occurs in relatively dry, scrub forest of southwestern Ecuador. It

has been collected only twice that I know of, the first by Andre in the nineteenth

century, and the second a century later in the same area. It is characterized by thick,

ovate leaves with twisted petioles that permit the proportionately large, non-

resupinate, yellow-green flower to be borne along the back side. The blade of the

lip is serrate and supported by a long claw. A narrow mentum is formed by the long

column-foot with the synsepal.

Pleurothallis cocornaensis Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 45, 1996.

Ety.: Named for the municipality of Cocoma where this species was discovered.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 20-30 cm long, with a

loose, tubular sheath above the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly ellip¬

tical, obtuse, shortly acuminate, the blade 15-18 cm long, 7-10 cm wide, cuneate below into a stout pe¬

tiole 2-3 cm long, slightly twisted so that part of the inflorescence appears at the back of the base of the

leaf. Inflorescence a congestion of numerous (up to 10 or more) simultaneously 3- to 4-flowered

racemes, 2.5-3 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, subtended by a broad spathe 1 cm long, at

or barely below the abscission layer (the apex of the ramicaul); flowers non-resupinate; floral bracts

tubular, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 4 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals light pinkish brown, shortly pubes¬

cent within, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 9-10 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ellipti¬

cal, obtuse, 9-10 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 5 mm to near the middle, forming a short, conical

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mentum with the column-foot, and a broader, distinct mentum beneath the apex of the lip; petals rose,

cuneate-obovate, truncate, 3.75 mm long, 1.4 mm wide above the middle, with the midvein thickened

externally; lip brown, rigidly arcuate, oblong, unguiculate, 3.5 mm long expanded, 1.5 mm wide, the

apex rounded, markedly verrucose, the disc with a longitudinal pair of parallel calli above the middle,

base broadly unguiculate, minutely bilobulate, hinged on the end to the column-foot; column semiterete,

winged above the middle, minutely denticulate, 3 mm long, the foot thick, equally long, the anther, ros-

tellum and stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Cocoma, along the autopista between Medellin and Bogota, alt. 2100 m,

collected by J. Rios, 1990, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 15 Dec. 1992, R. Escobar 5047

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 17301; Rio Cocoma, alt. 1800 m, collected by B. Pineda and J.P. Velez,

flowered in cultivation 7 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14109 (K, MO); Quebrada El Viaho, alt 1800 m, cultivated

at Colomborquideas, 26 Mar. 1997, R. Escobar 8281 (MO).

This huge species, a close relative of the frequent and widely distributed P.

imraei , is known from the Central Cordillera of Colombia east of Medellin. It is

distinguished from P imraei by the taller stature, and the mass of flowers produced

in numerous, short racemes. The flowers are non-resupinate and shortly pubescent,

instead of long-pubescent, within. The floral parts are similar to those of P. imraei ,

but the lip is sharply arcuate with a markedly verrucose apex.

Pleurothallis convallaria Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 185, 1923.

Ely.: Named for a resemblance to the genus Convallaria of the Convallariaceae.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls purplish, stout, erect,

5-15 cm long, enclosed by a brown, loose tubular sheath, and 2 short sheaths below at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 9-18 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, cuneate below into a

conduplicate, subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, loose, secund, nearly simultaneously several- to

many-flowered raceme, 15-30 cm long including the peduncle 6-10 cm long, subtended by a narrow

spathe ca. 1 cm long from the apex of the ramicaul and rising between the conduplicate sides of the

subpetiolate base; floral bracts tubular, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 4-5 mm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals

reddish brown to purple, long-pubescent within above the middle, the dorsal sepal elliptical, subacute to

obtuse, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, 3-veined, with the margins more or less recurved, the lateral sepals

connate to above the middle into a broadly ovate to suborbicular lamina, concave centrally, 8 mm long,

.5 mm wide, with the apices short, subacute, in apposition; petals purple, glabrous, spathulate-obovate

or cuneiform, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, with the apex subtruncate, obscurely bilobed, with an external

apiculum; lip dark purple, transversely oblong-bilobed, long-unguiculate, the blade 2.5 mm long, 4 mm

wide across the lobes the lobes semiorbicular, each with a central callus, the apices short, obtuse, re-

curved with an apiculum from a midline callus between them, the claw 1.5 mm long, minutely bilo¬

bulate at the truncate base, hinged to the column-foot; column winged, long-hooded, 5 mm long, the foot

2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: San Pedro de San Ramon, alt. 1100 m, July 1921, AM Brenes 84 (Holotype

LeCt0type: AMES > * s °lectotype: CR); San Ramon, ca. 1867, A. Endres

Ram 6 ?ah a 8 S 0 a '.7 > ^070 0 5? I922 ’ AM Brenes 140 < AME5 * Rio San Luis north of:San

VoHn M , u ’ Lent 2591 (AMES); headwaters of Rio San Lorenzo below Fila

CaHos tl . Jkn IT' T,T’ 14 July 1983 ' K linger & B. Perez 3810 (CR, F); Zapote, San

fu T. Smi,h H ' 1044 (AMES); northwest of San Ramon, near Rio San

, rvi o«°r H 7 June 97 , 2 '/?Tn 259/ (M0); Reserva Forestal de San Ramon, alt. 800-1200 m,

m. 14 Nov 1989 r^rl/MCR K ^ Heredia SarapiqUi ’ S ° UtheaStof 1Hor W alt. 400-600

PANiA^f v A: Granada; Volcan Mombacho, alt. 1000-1500 m, A. Heller 2930 (SEL).

W Dr^J e /”f(SEL) ear COminemal diVide 8b0Ve San ' a Fe> 8 "- Ca ‘ 700 m ’ 4 1976 ’ C Luer A

This unique species has no close relatives, standing alone in the section. It was

first collected and illustrated by Endres in the nineteenth century. It is characterized

by a stout ramicaul clad m a loose sheath and shorter than the leaf. The subpetiolate

sernnH Tf the f pathe and the P eduncle - The inflorescence is a loose,

^ dr °° ping fl0Wers that are smooth and P ur Ple

l“ lly ’ but f, led u T bm by 3 mat oflon g-vtUous, white hairs. The petals are

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis convoluta Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 107, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin convolutus , “convolute,” in reference to the dry leaves in Lindley’s possession.

Syn.: Humboldtia convoluta (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis papillisepala Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 109, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin papillisepalus , “with papillose sepals,” referring to the pubescent sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis espinalii Luer, Orquideologia 22: 122, 1999.

Ety.: Named in honor of Sigifredo Espinal T., co-collector of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-12 cm long,

with a long, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

linear-elliptical with the sides more or less incurved when dried, subacute to obtuse, 9-18 cm long includ¬

ing a petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

loose, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 9-10 cm long including the peduncle, flower¬

ing nearly to the base, subtended by a narrow spathe 7-10 mm long from an annulus 2 mm below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 2-4 mm long; pedicels 2-3.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long;

sepals greenish white or yellow, with or without purple spots, glabrous to pubescent within above the

middle, the dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, obtuse, 7-8 mm long, 2.5-3.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals obovate, oblique, obtuse, 7-8 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 3.5-4.5 mm, with a

small mentum below the column-foot; petals translucent, obovate, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.75-2.25 mm wide,

with the apex subtruncate, obscurely bilobed, carinate externally along the purple midvein, with an

accessory vein to either side; lip marked with purple-brown, arcuate, oblong-subtrilobed, subpandurate,

3.75 mm long expanded, 2 mm wide expanded, the disc minutely subverrucose, the apex broadly round¬

ed with minutely irregular margins, the sides erect and broadly rounded below the middle, the base

subunguiculate, subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot; column stout, 2.5 mm long, denticulate at the

apex, the foot 1.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Popayan, near Rio Blanco, 1843, Hartweg 1414 (Holotype: K; Isotypes. AMES,

BR, W); Highlands of Popayan, Piendamo, alt. 1600-1800 m, F.C. Lehmann 4518 (holotype of P. papil¬

lisepala: K; isotypes: AMES, HB, LE, US), C. Luer illustr. 16280, 16994; near Popayan, alt. 5,000'ft. 12

May 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W); Popayan, near Tacuayo, alt. 1500-1800 m, 27 Oct. 1882, F.C.

Lehmann 2055 (K); El Tambo, alt. 1700 m, 20 Sept. 1939, K. von Sneidern 2037 (S); Piendamo, alt.

2200 m, 14 Oct. 1968, Sigifredo Espinal T. & J.E. Ramos 3041 (Holotype: CUVC), C. Luer il ustr.

18475. Without locality, flowered in cultivation at Finca A. Neumann near Santa Barbara, 4 May 1993,

C. Luer 16635 (MO).

This species, apparently confined to southern Colombia, is distinguished by the

several-flowered, distichous raceme shorter than the narrowly linear leaves. Some

are more or less convolute in the living condition. The sepals are obovate and

obtuse, greenish white, and long-pubescent within. The petals are carinate external

ly and also obovate with the apices obscurely bilobed. The subpandurate lip is

arcuate with erect, broadly rounded erect sides below the middle.

Pleurothallis crenata Lindl., Gard. Chron. 6: 207, 1846. .... Qt _

Ety.: From the Latin crenatus , “crenate,” referring to the impression that the lip is crena .

Syn.: Humboldtia crenata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, presumably caespitose; roots slender Ramicauls erect, stout,

long, enclosed by loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptica , o tuse, se ,taneouslv

cm wide, cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a single, erect, loose, su e *. u . * . t d j u a

several-flowered raceme, 7.5 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, no ou

spathe, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base of the leaf; floral bracts in un i u ar, thicklv

cels 12-20 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long, round in cross section; sepals dull dark

carinate, microscopically pubescent externally and within, the dorsaI sepa ° ova ® ’ ... t j j

obtuse, 14 mm long, 4 mm wide, the lateral sepals connate to near the middle into£ bifid^ elhptica

lamina, 13 mm long, 7 mm wide, the apices acute; petals yellow with purple spots o

ly verrucose, spathulate, subacute, unguiculate, 8 mm long, 4 mm wide, mm W1 . ’| 5

veined; lip yellow with purple spots on the border, thick, fleshy, oblong-subtnlobed4.5 ™

mm wide unexpanded, the apex rounded, minutely denticulate-erose, dense y verru , ^

below the middle, broadly rounded, the disc minutely verrucose and transverse y ’ i ong jtudi-

membranous, truncate, with a lobule at both angles, hinged to the column- oo , anther and the

nally winged, denticulate-erose at the apex, 3.5 mm long, the foot thick, mm o g,

stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

MEXICO: Without collection data, presumably cultivated at Kew, imported by C. Loddiges 82 (Holo-

type: K), C. Luer illustr. 19019.

To my knowledge, this species has not been re-collected since the original intro¬

duction by Loddiges in the mid-nineteenth century. It is certainly rare, if it still

exists in Mexico. Because the colors are so vividly described and with a colored

illustration on the herbarium sheet, and because a dried flower glued to the sheet

proved to be beautifully preserved (although the parts are fractured), the plant must

have flowered in cultivation at Kew.

It is most closely allied to the Colombian P. lehmanneptis , which, in turn, is

related to the widely distributed P immersa. Pleurothallis crenata is characterized

by a short ramicaul; an elliptical, subpetiolate leaf; a several-flowered raceme about

as long as the leaf; and long-pedicellate flowers with fleshy, carinate sepals,

spathulate petals, and an oblong, verrucose, lip with tall, rounded sides.

In the Orchids of Panama three species are erroneously listed as synonyms of P.

crenata. They are synonyms of the common and widely distributed P. tripterantha

Rchb.f. Although both P crenata and P tripterantha are similar in size with short

ramicauls and carinate sepals, the latter is most easily identified by the shorter

pedicels and winged ovaries that are continuous with the keels of the sepals. The

petals and lip indicate no close relationship.

Pleurothallis cypripedioides Luer, Selbyana 1: 70, 1975.

Ety.: Named for the superficial resemblance of the flower to the genus Cypripedium L.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 8-18 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 3-7 cm long including a

petiole ca. 0.5 cm long, 14-18 mm wide, narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a weak, more

or less pendent, lax, distichous, flexuous, successively several- to many-flowered raceme, up to 30 cm

long including the peduncle ca. 5 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 3 mm long from an annulus below

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5-2.5 mm long; pedicels 4-8 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long;

sepals light green, suffused and mottled with purple, densely long-pubescent within with the hairs bright

purple, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical, subacute, 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals connate and adherent to the apex into a deeply concave, ovoid, obtuse synsepal, 8-10 mm

long, 6 mm wide unexpanded, concave centrally; petals translucent, obovate to spathulate, subacute to

subtruncate, unguiculate, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, closely 3-veined, and minutely verrucose along

the veins; lip dull yellow, sagittate-trilobed, arcuate, obtuse at the apex, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide ex¬

panded, the lateral lobes erect, rounded at the tips with intramural calli within the margins, the disc with

purple verrucae toward the unguiculate base, the claw 0.5 mm long, hinged to the column-foot; column

yellow-green, winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 3-4 mm long, the foot 1-1.5 mm long,

the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

M CU ^n-2 R - N ‘ ,p0 e P‘Phy!ic near Rio Payamino, west of Coca, alt. 350 m, flowered in cultivation, 5

Nov. !9 ? 4, F. Fuchs s.n.( Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 107. Morona-Santiago: new road east of

Mendez. Cordillera de Cutucii, alt. 1000 m, 5 Feb. 1987, C. Luer. J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12648 (K, MO);

between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 Jan. 1989, C. Luer J. Luer. P. & A. Jesup 13950 (MO);

between Mendez and Morona, alt. 800-1000 m, 22 Nov. 1989, C.H. Dodson et al. 18028 (MO); Dos

Monos, south of Macas, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, May 1992, F L Stevenson 90-0903-3 (MO).

^«T?r J' P * « , ^ n ww^ a " d Santiag0 ’ 8lt - ca - 1600 m - cultivated in Chamblee, GA, 19 Jan.

1988, F L Stevenson 88-0119-1 (MO).

This unmistakable little species, apparently endemic on the eastern slopes of the

Andes of southeastern Ecuador, is characterized by the caespitose habit with abbre¬

viated ramicauls; an obovate, petiolate leaf; and a weak, more or less pendent, lax

raceme of successive flowers. Filled within with long, bright purple hairs, the

purplish synsepal is deeply concave, suggesting the pouch of a minute lady’s slipper

with the dorsal sepal above as a lid.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis dilatata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 177, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin dilatatus , “dilated,” referring to the labellum.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 6-7 cm long, with

a loose, tubular sheath below the middle and 2 at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, oblong, obtuse,

7-7.5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide in the dry state, narrowed below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a

loose, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 11-13 cm long including the peduncle 1.5 cm

long, subtended by a narrow spathe 5 mm long from the base of the leaf or apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts 5-7 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals pale yellow-green, microscopically

ciliate and pubescent within above the middle, the dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse, 10 mm long, 3 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, obtuse, connate into an oblong lamina 9 mm long, 5 mm

wide, 6-veined, connate 5 mm, with a distinct mentum below the column-foot; petals translucent, obo-

vate-spathulate, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, with the apex broadly rounded; lip yellow-green,

subarcuate, oblong-subtrilobed, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, the sides erect and broadly rounded

with thin, intramarginal lamellae on the middle third, the apical third narrowed, rounded, minutely verru-

cose, the basal third narrowed, subunguiculate, truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, 3.5

mm long, the foot 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

PERU: Huancavelica: Tayacaja, Montepungo, east of Surcubamba, alt. 3000 m, 13 June 1939, HE.

Stork & G.B. Horton 10388 (Holotype: UC; Isotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 18947.

This species, closely allied to the Colombian P. convolula, is known only from

the type-collection. It is characterized by a narrowly oblong leaf that is wider than

the linear leaf of P convoluta. The loose, simultaneously flowered raceme surpass¬

es the leaf, instead of being shorter than the leaf. The sepals are larger and micro¬

scopically pubescent instead of long-pubescent. The petals are similar but propor

tionately larger; and the lips are also similar with the middle third dilated with

intramural lamellae.

Pleurothallis diminuta Luer, Phytologia 49: 204, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin diminutus , “made small,” referring to the habit.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect 15-25 mm long, enclosed

by a long, tubular sheath and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, conaceous, cUipt.ca! pet olate subacu

to obtuse 12-25 mm long including a petiole 4-6 mm long 6-9 mm w.de, cuneate below m,o <tef*«,ole.

Inflorescence a single flower, produced successively in a fascicle at the apex o , ’ , i c mm

mm long, subtended by a narrow spathe 3 mm long from the apex of.the ram.caul; toraLbmct : l_I S mm

long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals dull yellow, mottled or spot ed ^

brous, the dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, obtuse, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wi e, v , w j tb

connate to near the apex into an ovoid synsepal, concave below the mi e ° ta!s trans i ucent

the column-foot, recurving above the middle, obtuse, 6 mm long, \ . b 3 25 mm

yellow with purple midvein, elliptical-obovate, rounded at the apex, narrowe 3 ’ long j 2

long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, arcuate, sagit*te-mlobed obn*e Z^TonJtu-

mm wide expanded, the sides (lateral lobes) erect and broadly roun e • hinged to

dinal, intramural carinae, narrowed below the lateral lobes into an unguicu a clinandrium

the column-foot; column green, slender, 2 mm long, the anther-cap protruding beyond the clinandnum,

the foot about as long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Loja: cloud forest south of Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer. J. Luer & D.

D ’Alessandro 6195 { Holotype: SEL).

This small relative of P. brenneri is apparently uncommon and local

eastern Ecuador. It is distinguished by the small habit wit e ip lca ’

leaves borne by more or less equally long ramicauls. e owers are

singly and successively by short peduncles in a fascicle at * Q ase 0 .

sepals are glabrous, the laterals forming a large mentum with the column-foot, the

petals are obtuse and single-veined; and the lip is long-unguicu ate.

66 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis erucosa Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 21: 88, 1998.

Ety.: From the Latin erucosus , “full of caterpillars,” in allusion to the raceme of pubescent flowers

within the concavity of the revolute leaf.

Plant medium in size to large, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

stout, 15-30 cm long, compressed above, enclosed by a long, loose, tubular sheath below the middle, and

2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, rigidly convex with revolute

sides, with the obtuse apex shortly acute and decurved, mottled with purple within, petiolate, 8-11 cm

long, ca. 4 cm wide unexpanded, 5-8 cm wide expanded, rounded below, abruptly contracted into a stout

petiole 1 cm long. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered

raceme, 4-5 cm long, borne behind the leaf by a slender peduncle ca. 2 cm long, subtended by a spathe 1

cm long, from an annulus 5 mm below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 5-6

mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals glabrous and yellow externally, yellowish white within, covered with

a long, dense, white pubescence above the base, the dorsal sepal obovate, obtuse, 10 mm long, 4.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for less than 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate into an obovate

synsepal, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, broadly rounded at the apex, forming a small mentum below the

column-foot; petals translucent yellow, spathulate, 4 mm long, 2.25 mm wide at the apex, the apex

broadly truncate, narrowly unguiculate for the lower half; lip brown, oblong-ovate, arcuate, 4.5 mm long,

1.75 mm wide, the apex rounded, verrucose, denticulate, the disc with a pair of longitudinal, verrucose

calli within the margins above the middle, the base broadly unguiculate, truncate, minutely lobulate at

the corners, hinged to the column-foot; column greenish white, shallowly winged above the middle,

denticulate at the apex, 4.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 2.5 mm long.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, flowered in cultivation by M. and O. Robledo at La Ceja, 28 Jan.

1978, C. Luer 2341 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is apparently rare, known only from a cultivated plant. It is ob¬

viously related to R. imraei , but vegetatively the large, egg-shaped leaf is distinct

with the markedly convex dorsal surface. Consequently, it is deeply concave from

behind. The raceme is borne up the back of the leaf within the cavity from the base

of a distinct, stout petiole. It appears as if some fuzzy caterpillars had entrenched

themselves within a rolled-up leaf, a sight familiar to most of us. The sepals are

covered by a dense, long-villous, white pubescence within; the petals are spathulate

and truncate, and narrowly unguiculate on the lower half; and the arcuate lip is

denticulate and verrucose at the apex, and with a similar pair of calli on the disc.

Pleurothallis flexuosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 69, 1842.

Bas.: Specklinia flexuosa Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 52, 1835.

Ety.: From the Latin Jlexuosus, “flexuous or zigzag,” referring to the raceme.

Syn.: Pleurothallis kefersteiniana Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 673, 1852.

Ety.. Named for Herr Keferstein of Crfjllwitz in whose collection this species was cultivated.

Syn.: Pleurothallis elachopus Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 109, 1884.

Ety.. From the Greek elachopus , “short-footed,” referring to the ramicauls shorter than the leaves.

Syn.: Humboldtia flexuosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis remotiflora C.Schweinf., Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 21: 108, 1952.

Ety.: From the Latin remotiflorus , “with distant flowers,” referring to the raceme.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-5

cm long, enclosed by a long, tubular sheath and 2-3 shorter sheaths above the base. Leaf erect coria¬

ceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 5-14 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1-2 cm long

0.5-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a weak, erect, suber¬

ect to arching, lax, distichous, flexuous, successively several- to many-flowered raceme, up to 30 cm

long including the peduncle 5-15 cm long, subtended by a spathe 3-5 mm long from an annulus below

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3-5 mm long; pedicels 5-15 mm long; ovary 3-5 mm long; sepals

light green, light yellow to olive or tan, mottled, spotted or suffused with purple, brown or black densely

long-pubescent within with the hairs white or purple, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacute to

obtuse 6-14 mm long, 2.25-4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate and adherent to the apex into

a deeply concave, ovoid, obtuse synsepal, 5-13 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, concave centrally petals yel¬

low, orange, purple or black, spathulate, concave, rounded at the apex, unguiculate, 2 5-4 5 mm long

1.75-3 mm wide, closely 3-veined, minutely verrucose along the veins externally; lip yellow or green’

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

spotted with purple or brown, sagittate-trilobed, arcuate, 2-3.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes

erect, rounded at the tips, the disc with a pair of longitudinal calli, one on each lobe, either near the

middle or along the edge, with a midline callus extending forward from the claw, cellular-glandular,

more or less grooved centrally, the apical lobe usually purple, ovate, sometimes with a constriction

between the lateral lobes and the midlobe, the claw 0.5 mm long, hinged to the column-foot; column

yellow-green, spotted or suffused with purple, winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 2.5-4

mm long, the foot 0.5-1 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

PERU; subandean forest, Cuchero, near the Finca Pampayaco, Nov. 1829, E. Poeppig 1515 (Holotype:

W; Isotype: BR). Amazonas: Bongara, between Rio Utcubamba and Pomacochas, alt. 1810 m, 2 Feb.

1964, PC. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 3971 (AMES, UC). San Martin: between Tingo Maria and Huanu-

co, alt. 625-1100 m, 30 Oct. 1949-19 Feb. 1950, H.A. Allard 21958 (AMES, US).

ECUADOR; Tungurahua: between Rio topo and Hda. Victoria, alt. 1230 m, 23 Mar. 1939, C. W. Pen-

land & R.H. Summers 233 (holotype of P. remotijlora : AMES). Napo: along Rio Napo near Misahualli,

alt. 450 m Feb. 1985, A. Suarez 191 (MO); around Bermejo oil fields, north of Lumbaqui, alt. 850 m, 9

Feb. 1986 C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11727, 11749, 11773 (MO); between

Puerto Napo and Puyo, alt. 600 m, 23 June 1987, C. H. Dodson & M. Chase 17248 (MO), between

Archidona and Coca, alt. 1000 m, 17 Feb. 1990, 5. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 1360 (MO); Camp^nto

Guarumales, alt. 1650 m, 24 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta&L Morocho 15243 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: between San Juan Bosco and Gualaceo, alt. 2350 m 28 Mar_1985, C Q Lue !: J Lu€ j

A. Hirtz <& W. Flores 10995 (MO); below Limon, Rio Yunganza alt. 1600 m, 7 Feb. 1986 C Luer. d

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11865 (MO); pass north of Gualaqu.za, alt. 1800 m 30Oam 1986,

5. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 1122 (MO); southeast of Sigsig, near Chiguinda alt. 1600 m, 13 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup, P. Jesup. A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 13877 (MO); Cordillera delXutucu alt. 8(M) m,

Aug. 1989, A. Hirtz 4533 (MO); between Mendez and Morona, ah. 800-1000 m, 22 Nov.I ■ ,

Dodson, N. Williams, E. Hagsater & M. Whitten 17767 (MO)

Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1200 m, 19 Feb. 1986, C. Luer J Luer, A Hirti-

11926 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros alt 1550 m, 8 May 988, C. L ™^ H q

A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13461 (MO); upstream from Valladolid, alt. 16 Apr* 1986, D.D Alessad ^

585A (MO); south of Zamora along Rio Jamboe, alt. 1250 m, 22 Jan. W 2,C. Luer,. ' . ' .

Jesup & A. Hirtz 16109 (small), 16110 (large) (MO); above Zamora r « ad ‘° ; ^X M "

pus, alt. 1000 m, 24 Jan. 1992, C. Luer. J. Luer. A. Jesup. P. 16 Hod m ,

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Porcesito, Rio Medellin, alt. 1100 "l. 16 Apr. 1 . _ _ Rj f p epmo

(AMES); north of Medellin, alt. 1600 m, 9 Mar. 1989, S. Da/.«rom /259 (MOL

near Mocoa, alt. 850 m, 6 Jan. 1957, M. Ospina & J.M Idrobo lN (AMES COL), Region of Mecca

Rio Rumyaco, alt. 600 m, 2 Jan. 1963, M.L. Bristol 465 (AMES); collected by H. Angar.ta, cult.

Colomborquideas, Apr. 1991, C. Luer 15262 (MO). f Keferstein (560) H

VENEZUELA: “Caracas,” alt. 5,000 ft., Oct. 1850, cultivated by Bottgerfor

Wageners.n. (holotype of P. kefersteiniana : W). Aragua _Parque a ^‘° (AMES VEN) Miranda:

Hondo, alt. 1000 m, 30 Apr. 1972, J.A. Steyermark & V. Carreno E. Oua.opo,

Parque Nacional Guatopo, alt. 800 m, 25 Nov. ■/A St^enr,^ 900W (AMES, VEN), Gu

cultivated 12 Apr. 1981, collected by D. Cathcart 78-655 (S L), • ^ Vasquez

BOLIVIA: La Paz Sud Yungas, east of Coroico, alt. '970 m 25 No V . ,992^ CLuer.J. Luer R Vasq

et al. 16494 (MO). Cochabamba: near Villa Tunart, alt. 350 m, 30 Jan. 1997. L. Lue

Without collection data, cultivated at Hamburg, June 1871, (holotype of P elachopus. W).

This easily recognized spectes is variable in size and color in its w.dedtstnbu-

tion through the Andes from Venezuela into central Bolivia.

distinctly shorter than narrowly elliptical leaves. A long, oose, oro f t h e

bears successively gaping flowers that are densely ^ lllous 7 vlt ![*" v varies through

hairs varies from white to bright purple, and the co or o e snathulate and

an ,h« purples ,0 pure yello* .0 nearly pure black The I*“ l! .“XtcuWe

Ihe small lip is longirudinally three-lobed in southern

Two distinct variations grow intermixed alo g millimeters long

Ecuador. One bears small flowers with gray and b ack scpzlss* m

with white hairs; the other bears larger flowers with Purp le *spo^ ^

meters long with purple hairs. In the small flowers, t e ongi ^ ap i ca l

lateral lobes of the lip are near the margin and partia ly mtra • ]ob£ P Jn

lobe is suborbicular with a constriction between the lobe an

the large flowers, the carinae are about midway between the ^£m»***

margins; and the apical lobe is ovate and indistinctly

lobes. These differences occur, seemmgly at random, throughout the d,stnbut,on.

ICONES PLEUROTHALL1DINARUM

Pleurothallis fornicata Luer, Lindleyana 11: 160, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin fornicatus, “arcuate,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-7 cm long,

mostly enclosed by 3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 10-15 cm long

including an indistinct petiole 1-2 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a loose, distichous, successively many-flowered, gradually lengthening raceme, up to 30

cm or more long including the peduncle ca. 12 cm long, subtended by a narrow, deciduous spathe 5 mm

long, ca. 4 mm below the abscission layer (the apex of the ramicaul); floral bracts oblique, acute, 7-8 mm

long; pedicels 8-11 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals greenish white with dark purple-brown spots,

long-pubescent within, fleshy carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical, acute, concave, 12-14 mm long, 3-4

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to near the apex into an ovate, concave, acute synsepal, 11-

14 mm long, 6 mm wide, 6-veined, with a distinct mentum just below the middle to accommodate the

apex of the lip; petals translucent, dotted with purple, cuneate, truncate, 3.5-4 mm long, 1 mm wide

below the middle, 2 mm wide across the apex, slightly tricarinate externally along the veins; lip green,

spotted with purple-brown, rigidly arcuate, oblong, obtuse, unguiculate, 3.75 mm long expanded, 2 mm

wide expanded, the disc shallowly concave, the sides erect with a marginal callus that ends before the

unguiculate base, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, denticulate to fringed at the apex, spot¬

ted with brown, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Loja: Numbala above Valladolid, alt. 1700-2000 m, July 1986, D. D’Alessandro 732

(Holotype: MO).

PERU: Amazonas: Bongara, southeast of Yambrasbamba, alt. 2100-2400 m, 25 June 1962, J.J. Wurdack

1046 (AMES, US); Chachapoyas, alt. 1700 m, 28 May 1963, A. Lopez, A. Segastegui & V. Collantes

4281 (AMES, HUT); Bongara, Shilla, alt. ca. 1900 m, 10 May 1981, K. Young & M. Eisenberg 459

(MO, NY); same area, collected by B. Wiirstle, flowered in cultivation at Spielberg, Germany, 7 Sept.

1981, C. Luer 6463 (SEL).

This species, found in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, appears similar to

the Brazilian P arcuata Lindl., and a collection of it was identified as P. arcuata by

Schweinfurth in the supplement to the Orchids of Peru.

In habit, P fornicata is similar to P. arcuata with ramicauls shorter than the

acute (instead of obtuse), elliptical leaves, and a gradually lengthening, flexuous

raceme of successive flowers. The brown-spotted flowers are also similar, but the

dorsal sepal remains concave without reflexion of the sides. The synsepal has a

distinct mentum near the middle, and the cuneate petals are abruptly truncate at the

apex. The petals of P arcuata are trilobulate and minutely verrucose externally.

Pleurothallis gelida Lindl., Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 91, 1841.

Ety.. From the Latin gelidus , “cold,” in allusion to the frosty appearance of the flowers.

Syn.: Pleurothallis univaginata Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 326, 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin univaginatus , “one-sheathed,” referring to the ramicaul.

Syn.: Pleurothallis polyliria Endres & Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1483, 1871.

Ety.: From the Greek polylyra , “many lyres,” alluding to the lyre-shaped lips.

Syn.: Anathallis hebesepala Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp, Orch. Nov. 2: 75, 1882.

Ety.: From the Greek hebesepalon , “sepals with hairs of puberty,” alluding to the pubescent sepals.

Syn.: Humboldtiagelida (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia univaginata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn .. Pleurothallis puberula Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 100, 1893, non Klotzsch, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin puberulus, “pubescent,” referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hebesepala (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 567, 1896.

Syn.: Pleurothallis chiquindensis Lehm. & Krzl., Bot. Jahrb Syst 26-438 1899

Ety.: Named for the community of Chiquinda in Ecuador where the specimen was collected.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tenuispica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg 14- 133 1915

Ety.: From the Latin tenuispicus , “thin-spiked,” referring to the racemes. ’

S ""* leur ° th e alli * ehiriquensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1719 1922

Ety.: Named for the Panamanian province of Chiriqui where the specimen was collected. '

Syn.: Pleurothallis pidax Luer, Selbyana 5: 174, 1979.

Ety.: From the Greek pidax , “a fountain,” referring to the sprays of flowers.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis hamiltonii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 61, 1997.

Ety.: Named in honor of A.C. Hamilton, co-collector of this species.

Plant large, presumably epiphytic, presumably caespitose; roots unknown. Ramicauls stout, erect,

more than 12 cm long, undoubtedly with tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 14 cm

long, 6.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the sessile base. Inflorescence a strict, erect, loose, distichous,

simultaneously many-flowered raceme, up to 28 cm or more long including the peduncle ca. 10 cm long’,

subtended by a broad spathe ca. 2 cm long; floral bracts tubular, oblique, 5-7 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm

long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals (colors not noted), long-pubescent within, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal

narrowly ovate, acute, 19 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, acute, 19

mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 7 mm to near the middle and shallowly concave, with a basal

mentum with the column-foot; petals elliptical, acute, entire, 9.5 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, subunguiculate

toward the base; lip ovate, arcuate, unguiculate, 7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex narrowly obtuse with

a low, midline callus, the sides broadly rounded and erect in the middle third, unguiculate in the lower

quarter, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 5 mm long, the foot 2

mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

PERU: San Martin: Dist. Huallaga, valley of Rio Apisoncho, 30 km above Jucusbamba alt 3200 m 5

Aug. 1965, AC. Hamilton & PM. Holligan 1064 (Holotype: K; Isotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 16389.

This species is known from a single collection made in 1965 at a high altitude in

north central Peru. Unfortunately, the ramicaul has been broken off about 12 cen¬

timeters below the leaf, and no color notes were made. It is distinguished by a

large, elliptical, sessile leaf far surpassed by a strict, distichous, simultaneously

many-flowered raceme. The flowers are large and gaping with the sepals long-

pubescent within. The petals are narrowly acute, and the lip is narrowly obtuse at

the apex and unguiculate at the base with erect sides at the middle.

Pleurothallis hamiltonii is most similar to P. scabrata, but differs in having

sepals pubescent within, entire petals, and a lip without calli or basal lobules.

Pleurothallis immersa Linden & Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3- 224 1855

Ely^From the Latin immersus. “immersed,” referring to the peduncle embedded in the sulcus of the

Syn.: Pleurothallis krameriana Rchb.f., Hamb. Gartenzeitung 21: 294, 1865.

Ety.: Dedicated to chief-gardener Kramer who cultivated many species for Reichenbach.

Syn.: Humboldtia immersa (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn. Pteuroihalhs ca/crac Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 184, 1923.

ty.. Named for Alto de la Calera de San Mateo where the species was collected.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lasiosepala Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg 11-43 1912

Ety.: From the Greek lasiosepalos. “woolly sepals,” referring to the densely pubescent sepals.

„„ Plan ' medium 10 * ar 8 e . epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout 1-4 cm lone

endosed by a loose, tubular sheath, and 2 shorter sheaths above the base. Leaf erect rigidly co^ceou!’

ct c tst ,u in e n^te: r c: ubpeti< ; ,a, r' 7 -i 7 cm j ° ng - 2 ^ 5 cm

nowered mceme c! s^0 cm ST*1 d, f t,chous - S“bflexuous, simultaneously several- to many-

lUh ir k L ?' °f ° g ’ l5 ‘ 20 cm lon 8 including the peduncle 10-12 cm long with about the

1 r f d W,,h ' n ,he sulcus of ,he leaf <° a »out the middle of the leaf nfspmhe visible

nedLek s 7 °™ ^ 3peX ° f ramicaul at the base of ‘he leaf; floral bracts infundibular 5 mm lon g :

spots, oblong, narrowly obtuse at the apex, arcuate unguicutote 4 5 mm ’™! ^ purple-brown

with a longitudinal callus inside the margin the disc thickened ’liehtW vJ^ 8 ’ 2 mm . w,de ’ the sldes erect

below the middle, the base truncate bilobulate hinged m gHt and transverse, y m g° se

winged, denticulate-erose at the apex, 5 mm long the foot thick 'lTmm lr C ° T" * u Ut ’ ,0 "S itudina,, y

ventral. 8 ’ 001 th,ck ’ 1 5 mm lon g> th e anther and the stigma

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Hda. Simaco on the way to Tipuani, alt. 1400 m, Feb. 1920, O. Buchtien 5037

(holotype of P. umbraticola destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES; isolectotypes: HBG, US).

Cochabamba: Chapare, between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer. J.

Luer, R. Vasquez, T. & D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12833 (MO).

This species is relatively frequent in its wide distribution from Costa Rica and

the Lesser Antilles across South America into Bolivia. Vegetatively, it is easily

recognized by the usually large habit with a loose sheath near the middle of an

elongated ramicaul that bears a broadly ovate leaf on a twisted petiole. The flowers

are borne behind the leaf in short racemes. The flowers vary in color from pure

yellow or purple to purple-black. The pubescence within is variable. The small-

flowered “variation” with glabrous sepals, described from Panama as P. vaginata ,

is usually cleistogamous, but some cleistogamous forms elsewhere are pubescent.

The petals are spathulate, and the lip is arcuate and elliptical with the longitudinal

calli within the margins.

Pleurothallis jalapensis (Kraenzl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 30(3): (58)192, 1986.

Bas.: Masdevallia jalapensis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34. 117, 1925.

Ety.: Named for the community of Jalapa, Guatemala, near where the species was found.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic to lithophytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

terete, erect, 2.5-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, e ,

subacute to obtuse, 6-10 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 0.5-1 cm long. Inflor¬

escence a loose, secund, simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 14-30 cm long including t e pe unc e

8-17 cm long, subtended by a spathe 3 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul, floral bracts ob¬

lique, acute, 5-7 mm long; pedicels slender, drooping, 5-9 mm long; ovary slender, dotte wit purp e,

mm long; sepals whitish with numerous purple spots, purple-ciliate, the dorsal sepal narrow y ova e, c

acute apex lightly adherent to the apex of the synsepal, 10-15 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined, essen¬

tially free from the laterals at the base, the lateral sepals connate into a shallowly concave ovate, acute

synsepal, 10-14 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent, marked wit purp e a ve

middle, obovate-spathulate, subacute, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, wit a su verruco

on the inner surface above the middle, the margins minutely irregular above the middle; lip spoued witn

purple, oblong, unguiculate, the blade 2.5 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, with a pair o erec , acu e ’

lobes above the claw, the apex rounded, verrucose, the disc cleft between a pair o P ara ’ . j

calli above the claw, the claw decurved, 1 mm long, hinged to the tip of the co umn- oo , c

ly winged above the middle, semiterete below, the clinandrium denticulate-erose, m

stout, I mm long, the anther-cap cellular-papillose.

GUATEMALA: Jalapa: lithophytic and terrestrial, along the way Iwtween Santa R osa and Ja!apa, alt,

1500 m, July 1882 EC. Lehmann 1296 (Holotype: G; Iso.ype: HBGL Qu.ch^Sacapulae, madm

Nebaj, terrestrial in dense, oak forest, alt. 1700 m, 28 Aug. 1976, flowere in cu i

MEXICO: Chiapas': alt. 8,000 ft., collected by Dick Emory, 11 Mar. 1981 , flowered in cultivation by Dr.

E. Katler in Pinole, CA, 9 July 1989, C. Luer 14405 (MO).

This species is rare and local in the mountains of Guatemala and adjace

Chiapas, Mexico. The first known collection was by Consul Lehmann on a yisi

Guatemala from Colombia in 1882. Obviously unfamiliar with the morp 0 g

criteria for Masdevallia, Kranzlin described this collection as a as eva ta

monograph of Masdevallia in 1925. „•

The species is characterized by a tall, erect raceme that far excee s e ’

petiolate leaf borne by a shorter ramicaul. Several to many re ative y ar ^ e

all drooping to one side are borne more or less simultaneous y ir * a oose

The tip of the narrow dorsal sepal is lightly adherent to the tip o t e

sepals are spotted and ciliate; the petals are ovate with an externa ca

apex; and the lip is oblong with erect, acute, marginal lobes above tec aw.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis lehmanneptis Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 21: 100, 1998.

Ety.: Named for the late Amalia Lehmann de Sarria; from Lehmann and the Latin neptis , “grand¬

daughter of Lehmann.”

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-5 cm long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath, and 2 shorter sheaths above the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, obtuse, sessile, 7-14 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a single,

loose, distichous, subflexuous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 10-18 cm long including the

peduncle 5-11 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 5 mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base

of the leaf; floral bracts infundibular, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 7-9 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals

fleshy, olive with multiple small, dark brown spots, minutely pubescent within, carinate externally, the

dorsal sepal obovate, concave, obtuse, 10-12 mm long, 5-5.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals connate to near

the apex into an obovate, bifid, obtuse lamina, 9.5-10 mm long, 6 mm wide; petals thick, yellow with red

spicules externally, spathulate, obtuse, unguiculate, 4.5-5 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide, 1 mm wide below

the middle; lip thick, fleshy, covered with dark brown spots, oblong, rounded at the apex, arcuate, un¬

guiculate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide unexpanded, the sides erect with a longitudinal, intramural callus,

verrucose within with the center transversely rugose, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot;

column stout, longitudinally winged, denticulate-erose, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 1.5 mm long, the

anther and the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: without collection data, cultivated by Orquideas del Valle, 15 Mar.

1997, C. Luer 18449 (MO). Cauca: near Popayan, cultivated by Amalia Lehmann de Sarria, 26 July

1978, C. Luer 3010 (SEL).

This species was cultivated by Amalia Lehmann de Sarria in 1978 in her collec¬

tion of orchids in Popayan in southern Colombia, the same town in which her

grandfather, mining engineer F.C. Lehmann, had been the German consul. Pleur¬

othallis lehmanneptis is allied to P. immersa. As the name implies, the peduncle of

P. immersa is embedded or clasped in the central groove of the leaf, usually for

about half its length. However, in many plants the peduncle is only lightly held in

the groove, and occasionally it is free. In P lehmanneptis the peduncle is complete¬

ly free with a broader, elliptical leaf instead of an obovate leaf distinctly narrower

toward the base. The raceme is shorter and less flexuous. The flowers are similar,

but the petals are spiculate-verrucose externally toward the broad apex.

Pleurothallis listerophora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 107, 1906.

Ety.: From the Greek listerophoros , “shovel-bearing,” referring to the shape of the lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis campicola Luer, Selbyana 5: 161, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin campicola , “dweller of the plains,” referring to the Llanos del Volcan.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-4 cm long, with a

close, tubular sheath below the middle, and 2-3 shorter sheaths above the base. Leaf thickly coriaceous,

erect, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2.5-5.5 cm long, 0.5-0.7 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, lax, subsecund, successively few-flow¬

ered raceme. 1-3 cm long including the peduncle 0.5-0.7 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 2 mm long,

from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 3 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary green

2 mm long; sepals carinate, yellow-green, irregularly speckled with purple, glabrous externally, long-

pubescent within, the hairs purple, the dorsal sepal elliptical-obovate, obtuse to subacute, concave, 5 mm

long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the laterals, the lateral sepals connate into a concave, oblong,

shortly bifid synsepal, forming a mentum below the column-foot, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 6-veined, the

apices obtuse, apiculate, in apposition; petals white, irregularly dotted with purple, spathulate, rounded

at the apex, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide; lip greenish white, flecked with purple, elliptical-oblong, unguicu¬

late. 2.25 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the apex rounded, the sides low, erect near the middle,’ obtusely

angled below the middle into the petiole ca. 1 mm long, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of

low, slightly undulating calli on the middle third, the base truncate, bilobulate, hinged to the tip of the

column-foot; column white, flecked with purple, semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot

0.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: San Jose: near La Uruca, alt. 1110 m, July 1890, H. Pittier 2986 (Holotype of P lister-

ophora destroyed at B; Lectotype here designated: US; lsolectotvoe: AM ESI. C I uer illn«r I sssn

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Although in habit this species resembles P. retusa , the flowers are more similar

to those of P. villosa. Pleurothallis listerophora is known from a single collection

from Costa Rica, and its identity remained obscure. Hydration of a flower of the

isotype at US reveals remarkable differences from Schlechter’s description and

figure. Most noteworthy are the long-pubescent sepals that are described and il¬

lustrated as glabrous, and the crude caricature of an unguiculate lip. Pleurothallis

campicola from westernmost Panama is no doubt the same species.

The ramicauls are slightly shorter than the thick, narrowly obovate leaves, and

the erect, successively several-flowered raceme is shorter than the leaf. The purple-

spotted flowers with a prominent mentum are purple-villous within; the petals are

spathulate; and the lip is elliptical with a pair of central carinae, and unguiculate

below shallow marginal angles below the middle.

Pleurothallis longispicata L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 12: 240, 1946.

Ety.: From the Latin: longispicatus , “long-spiked,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2.54.5 cm long, mostly

enclosed by a tubular sheath, with 2-3 short sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, el lptica

subacute to obtuse, 3-6.5 cm long, 1 -2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 0.5-1 cm long. Inflores¬

cence a loose, secund, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 10-15 cm long including te pe unc e

ca. 5 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 3 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul, floral bracts

tubular, 5 mm long; pedicels slender, 5 mm long; ovary slender, spotted with purp e, ^ mm ong, se P® s

dull dark-purple, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 6 mm long, 2^25 mm wide,

3 -veined, essentially free from the laterals at the base, the lateral sepals connate into a shallowly con¬

cave, oblong, shortly bifid synsepal, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide expanded, 6 -veined, t e apices su ac “ c,

apposition; petals marked with purple, elliptical-oblong, obtuse-truncate, 3 mm ong • mm wi

veined, subcarinate-subverrucose externally; lip spotted and suffused with purp e, o ong n ' •

mm long, 1 mm wide, 2 mm wide expanded, the apical lobe oblong, obtuse-trunca e » ^ r nrwart i

lateral lobes erect, near the middle, obtuse, the disc with a pair of low, veijucose ca i ex narrow i v

from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot, co umn p rp *

winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the foot mm ong,

stigma ventral.

MEXICO: Michoacan: near Coalcoman, alt. ca. 1700 m, 22 June 1933, C. Halbinger 1752 (Ho ype

AMES). Sinaloa: Puerto El Alagar, alt. 7,000 ft., 1 Aug. 1969, ? 6915 (K).

This species, closely allied to sympatric P. resupinata, is endemic in the moun

tains of southern Mexico. Pleurothallis longispicata is characterized by the propor¬

tionately long, lax, secund, successively flowered raceme that far surpasses e e

The sepals are fleshy, carinate, dark purple and glabrous, the peta s are o

the lip is three-lobed below the middle.

Pleurothallis nigriflora L.O.Williams, Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 11. *68^1

Ety.: From the Latin nigrijlorus , “black-flowered,” referring to the color

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots erectcoriawiB, elliptical,

enclosed by a tubular sheath, with 2-3 shorter sheaths above the base Inflores-

subacute to obtuse, 2-4.5 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, cuneate below , including the peduncle

cence a loose, subsecund, successively 2- to 3 -flowered raceme, 5- G f the ramicaul, floral

3-5 mm long, subtended by a minute spathe 2-3 mm long, from near . fleshy subcarinate,

bracts tubular, 2 mm long; pedicels slender, 1.5 mm long; ovary mm , ^ ^ mm w jde, 3 .

smooth, purple-black, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, obtuse, concav' , • CO ncave, oblong,

veined, essentially free from the laterals at the base, the lateral sepals "imoa^

shortly bifid synsepal, 5 mm long, 3.75 mm wide expanded, 6 -veine , 1 -veined; lip suffused

petals purple, oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, 2.4 mm long, • denticulate-verrucose, the

with purple, oblong, 3 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apex rounde , minutely verrucose cari-

sides erect near the middle, the disc shallowly concave between a p , ’ ^ ^ co | um n-foot;

nae within the margins on the middle third, the base truncate, mge the foot 1

column semiterete narrowly winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex,

mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

MEXICO: Morelos: between Catarina and Tepoztlan, alt. 1800 m, 31 Aug. 1936, O. Nagel & E. Oes-

tlund 6016 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19066; near Tepoztlan, alt. 1800 m, 5 Aug.

1936, O. Nagel & J. Gonzales 6119 (AMES); above Tepoztlan, 16 July 1959, R.L. Dressier 2490 (MO).

This species is closely allied to P. resupinata and has been considered synony¬

mous with the latter. However, the differences are sufficient to maintain the spe¬

cies. The raceme of P. nigriflora is shorter with smaller, purple-black flowers that

are smooth without distinct carinae. The petals and lip of the two concepts are

similar.

Pleurothallis oestlundiana L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 12: 243, 1946.

Ety.: Named for Karl Erik Magnus Ostlund, Swedish collector who contributed extensively to the

orchid flora of Mexico.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sanguinolenta Garay & Kittredge, FI. Novo-Galiciana 16: 273, 1985.

Ety.: From the Latin sanguinolentus , “filled with blood-red,” referring to the flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-5.5 cm long mostly

enclosed by tubular sheaths from near the middle, and at the base. Leaf more or less suffused with

purple, coriaceous, erect, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 3-8 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, lax, subsecund, successively

few-flowered raceme, 1.5-3.5 cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 2

mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long-

ovary 2 mm long; sepals carinate, yellow-green, variously suffused with purple, glabrous externally and

internally, the dorsal sepal elliptical-obovate, obtuse to subacute, concave, 6-8 mm long, 2.2-2.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, free from the laterals, the lateral sepals connate above the middle into a concave, oblong,

bifid synsepal, forming a small mentum below the column-foot, 6-7 mm long, 3.2-4 mm wide, 6-veined!

the apices obtuse, apiculate, in apposition; petals yellow-green, suffused with purple, spathulate, round¬

ed at the apex, 3-3.4 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 1-veined (with an accessory pair seen in P. sanguinolenta );

lip yellow-green, elliptical-ovate, 4-5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the sides low,

erect, broadly rounded near to below the middle, the disc verrucose above the middle, shallowly concave

between a pair of lamellae within the margins, the base cuneate, truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to

he tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, bidentate at the apex, 2.5-3 mm long, the foot 1 mm long

the anther and stigma ventral. 6

mofo',v£ : amfwt ? neri n ab Tj“* C0 ;. 0ak f0rest ' alt - 2300 m - 23 Ju| y 1932 - Juan Gonzales 1062

I I iQ-ri Luerillustr. 17167, Morelos: near Mexicapa west of Cuernavaca, alt. 2300 m 8

Jul y 1932, Juan Gonzales 2674 (AMES, MO). Jalisco: Sierra de Manantlan, southeast of Autlan near

Aserradero Sa " M,gu f 1 Uno : alt - 2250-2400 m, 4-5 Nov. 1952, R. McVaugh <6 J. Sooby 13911 (holotype

t&TTSZS-SSSSr xc L """ i2J MiIk "—»£

Thi s species, apparently endemic in the mountains of southern Mexico, is

a lied to the sympatric P, retusa. Although vegetatively similar, it differs from the

latter with a shorter, fewer-flowered raceme; oblong petals that are not narrowly

unguiculate; and a larger lip that is not distinctly three-lobed. Instead, the lip is

chlated and verrucose at the apex and with a pair of erect intramural lamellae near

and below the middle.

Pleurothallis ornata Rchb.f., Gart. Zeitung (Berlin) 1: 106, 1882

Ely.: From the Latin ornatus, “ornate,” in allusion to the “trembling” sepaline appendages,

b, MS »•«*

dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate obtu£ convex 6 5 7 ! mmT’° a " 8 f ^ geS “ P t0 2 mm long ’ ,he

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

middle; petals translucent yellow-green, spotted with purple, obovate-spathulate, obtuse, 2.5 mm long. I

mm wide, carinate externally; lip green, marked with purple, oblong-unguiculate, arcuate, 3 mm long.

1.25 mm wide, the apex rounded, sides erect below the middle, subacutely angled above the claw, the

disc shallowly concave between a pair of obtuse calli near the middle, the claw slender, 0.5 mm long, the

base bilobulate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column red, denticulate-winged above the middle,

2.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

MEXICO: Without collection data, cultivated by Sander, 10 Apr. 1881, (Holotype: W). Oaxaca: moun¬

tains south of Ayutla, System of Zempoalte, alt. 2400 m, 11 Mar. 1935, O. Nagel 3792 (MO); oak forest

on Juquila Mixes road, alt. 2400 m, cultivated by R. McCullough, 27 Mar. 1976, C. Luer 064 (SEL).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Tictac, Mt. Chi-Ixim, alt. 1800 m, Nov. 1998, Af Behars.n. (MO); San

Jose Pinula, aldea Cruz Alta, alt. 2000 m, May 1999, J. Fonseca s.n. (MO).

EL SALVADOR: Cerro Montecristo, alt. 2200 m. May 1967, F. Hamer 171 (SEL).

Pleurothallis ornata has been identified as P. schiedei in most publications

during this century. Who originated the misidentification is unknown, but all

subsequent authors have perpetuated the error. Both P schiedei and P. hirsuta are

synonymous with P. villosa. Although the descriptions of P. ornata and P villosa

are deceptively similar, the conspicuous, white, dangling, long-clavate appendages

along the margins of the spotted sepals of P. ornata are unique. Reichenbach re¬

ferred to them as lamellae.

The ramicauls are shorter than one and a half centimeter, the leaf is elliptical,

and the successively flowering, flexuous raceme exceeds the leaf. The sepals are

convex, and the spreading laterals are connate below the middle. The sepals of P.

villosa (syn. P. schiedei and P. hirsuta) are simply ciliate and concave with the

laterals connate to near the apex.

Pleurothallis petiolaris Luer, Orquideologia 20: 220, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin petiolaris , “petiolate,” referring to the long petioles of the leaves.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender, densely fasciculate. Ramicauls erect, slender, L- 3

cm long, enclosed by 3 long, tubular sheaths, often shed. Leaf erect, coriaceous, e ip i • ’

petiolate, the blade 3 . 5 - 4.5 cm long, 1 - 1.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender pe i •

Inflorescence an erect, subsecund, simultaneously few-flowered raceme, - mm ,

slender peduncle ca. 10 mm long, subtended by a spathe 5-6 mm long, from an anni ^ s ; , vellow-

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary ^ ith : above the

green, suffused with brown toward the apices, glabrous externally, fine y pu ® connate to the

middle, carinate, the dorsal sepal obovate, obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wi e, ’ j j 25

lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a tube, the lateral sepals connate into an ova e sy P » ^ acute

mm wide, forming a small but deep mentum below the column-foot, the a P® x * * .. thfi x broadly

apices; petals translucent brown, obovate-spathulate, 2.25 mm long, • arcuate 2 mm long, 1

rounded, apiculate, carinate externally along the midvein; lip hrown, ob wg-o^ ^ Q ’ f |ongitudin ’ a |

mm wide, the apex obtuse, coarsely verrucose, the disc verrucose ce y ’ bilobulate hinged to

calli within the margins of the dilated middle third.the base unguicu ate, ru » anther

the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, denticulate at the apex,

and the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: epiphytic in moist forest around Santa Maria Naya cultivated

200-400 m, Aug. 1899, FC Lehmann 9099 (Holotype: K), C. Luer dlustr. 7096, Rio Naya,

in Popayan by Amalia Lehmann de Sarria, 16 Nov. 1982, C. Luer

This species is apparently endemic in Pacific coastal foreste °f Colomh^

it was collected by Consul Lehmann. Related to R . mraei Lin ., 1 * netiole.

by the small habit with elliptical leaves borne by a long, s en er, CO nnate

The few-flowered raceme reaches just beyond the petiole. e sep an( j

from below the middle to about the middle into a tube wit a sma f me ly

deep mentum below the column-foot. The sepals are carinate ex e verruc0S e

pubescent within; the petals are broadly spathulate; and t e

at the apex and with calli within the dilated margins of the mi e

78 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis platystylis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 395, 1912.

Ety.: From the Greek platystylos , “a broad style,” no doubt referring to the column, which is not

particularly broad.

Syn.: Pleurothallis bernoullii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 204, 1918.

Ety.: Named in honor of G. Bernoulli, co-collector of the species.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender to stout, erect, 5-12

cm long, mostly enclosed by a tubular sheaths near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 5-13 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the

subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a loose, secund, simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 10-20 cm long

including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, subtended by a narrow spathe ca. 1 cm long, at the base of the leaf;

floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals yellow-green,

microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, 6.5-8 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals oblong, acute, carinate, 6.5-8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate to near the

middle into an arcuate synsepal, 3.5 mm wide, 6-veined, with a mentum below the column-foot; petals

yellow-green, elliptical, obtuse to rounded, 4-4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow-brown,

elliptical-oblong, rounded and minutely undulate at the apex, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide expanded, the

middle third with the sides thin and erect, the disc slightly thickened, especially toward the apex, the base

subunguiculate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 2 mm long, the

foot 1 mm long, the anther cap uncinate, rostellum and stigma ventral.

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Coban, alt. 4250 ft., Nov. 1877, H. von Tiirckheim s.n. (W); Heights

between Tactic and Coban, alt. 2000 m, Dec. 1906, H. von Tiirckheim II1600 (Holotype destroyed at B,

lectotype here designated: AMES 23667, illustr. of type); Coban, alt. 1500 m, Nov. 1907, H. v. Tiirck-

heim II 1867 (BR, W); Coban, alt. 1550 m, Dec. 1912, H. v. Tiirckheim 3998 (W). Guatemala: near

Guatemala, Dec. 1865, G. Bernoulli & Cario 499 (holotype of P bernoullii destroyed at B?). Baja

Verapaz: Union Barrios, 31 Aug. 1975, C.L. Lundell & E. Contreras 19777 (LL, MO).

MEXICO: Jalapa: without specific locality, 14 Nov. 1877, as P xalapensis , Kienert s.n. (W), C. Luer

illustr. 18578. Oaxaca: Ixtlan, San Pedro Yaneri, south of La Esperanza, alt. 1300-1400 m, 23 Nov.

1984, G. Davidse et al. 30238 (MO). Puebla: west of Villa Juarez, alt. 1200 m, 26 Nov. 1972, Rzedows-

ki 29987 (EBCB, MO). Veracruz: Xico, Puente Acalocabaya, between Xico and Xico Viejo, 4 Oct.

1986, M. Charazo B. & P Hdez. De Charazo 4022 (AMO, XAL).

EL SALVADOR: Cerro Montecristo, northeast of Metapan, alt. 1950-2000 m, 31 July 1977 T.B Croat

42402 (MO).

HONDURAS: Colon: Trujillo Colon, Cerro Calentura, alt. 5 m, 20 Apr. 1984, UN AH 160 (MO,

UN AH). Morazan: San Juancito Mts, alt. 2000 m, 2 Jan. 1955, L.O. & R.P. Williams 18943 (F, LE).

Siguatepeque: Comayagua, Cordillera de Montecillos, trail to San Juanillo, alt. 1800 m 7 Nov 1991 T

Hawkins 20 (EAP, MO, TEFH).

This species is mostly confined to southern Mexico and Guatemala where it is

uncommon, with isolated populations in El Salvador and Honduras. It is character¬

ized by the many-flowered, secund raceme that exceeds the elliptical leaf. The

sepals are yellow-green and carinate, the laterals being united to near the middle;

the petals are elliptical; and the lip is elliptical with thin, erect, broadly rounded,

lobelike margins. Most distinctive is the hook-shaped anther-cap that protrudes

beyond the tip of the column.

Pleurothallis prolixa Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 179, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin prolixus, “elongated,” referring to the long anther-cap.

Plant medium in size epiphytic, shortly repent to caespitose, the rhizome 5 mm or less long bet-

ween ramicauls, roots slender from along the rhizome. Ramicauls erect, slender, 9-14 cm long with a

mrn hirl heath th f | . mi . dd, 1 c an . d 2 ’ 3 other sheaths about ^ b *se. Leaf erect, coriaceous, fleshy, 5

below imoThe°hlip e * b P ** c a * > subacute subpetiolate, 9-11 cm long, 1.2-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate

below into he base. Inflorescence 1-4 loose, secund, simultaneously several- to many-flowered

are x^Hhe"rami cau 1^ n C * U ^ Peduncle 3 ' 5 cm l°ng, with a spathe 10 mm long, from near the

apex of the ramicaul, 2-3 mm below the abscission layer; floral bracts 5-7 mm long; pedicels 4 mm long

acute ] Tm^ZnaTr * "t*?* pu , bescent within ’ carinate, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave’,

9 5 mm Li 5 8 ’ connale 6 int0 an ° b <>vate, W«d, obtuse lamina,

9.5 mmlong, 5 mm wide; petals translucent purple, obovate, obtuse, unguiculate 6 5 mm long 3 mm

:; C 0 “ PUrP,C ’ °~ bpandUrate ’ 5 5 l ° n ^- 25 mm wide™unex^andedl

narrowed above the middle the apex ovate, subacute to obtuse, minutely callous-rugose, denticulate-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

erose, the margins below the middle erect, longitudinally callous, broadly rounded, the base unguiculate,

hinged to the column-foot; column stout, winged above the lower third, 3 mm long, the foot thick, 2 mm

long, the anther elongated, ventral, and the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Loja: epiphytic in cloud forest at the pass north of Loja, alt. 3150 m, 17 Mar. 1984, C.

Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9554 (Holotype: MO).

This species, apparently endemic in southern Ecuador, is distinguished by the

extremely thick, fleshy leaves; sepals shortly pubescent within; proportionately

large, unguiculate, tricarinate petals; and a subpandurate-unguiculate lip with erect,

obtuse sides with intramural calli and an ovate, denticulate, minutely verrucose-

rugose apex. An elongated anther-cap protrudes beyond the apex of the column.

Pleurothallis pseudocheila Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 173, 1984.

Ety.: From the Greek pseudocheilos , “a false lip,” in allusion to the converging petals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 8-13 cm long,

enclosed by a closely Fitting, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 sheaths above the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, the base narrowly cuneate, into a slender petiole ca. I cm

long, the blade 6-10 cm long, 0.7-1.1 cm wide. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, distichous, simultaneously few-

flowered racemes of non-resupinate flowers, 5-8 cm long including the peduncle ca. 3 cm long, subtend¬

ed by a spathe 1 cm long, borne near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 3 mm

long; ovary deflexed on the pedicel, 2 mm long; sepals concave and yellow below the middle, convex

and purple above the middle, carinate and glabrous externally, densely pubescent within above the

middle, the middle sepal elliptical-ovate, obtuse, apiculate, 6 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, free

from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals coherent into an elliptical-oblong synsepal, 5.5 mm long, 3.5

mm wide, the apex shallowly rounded, biapiculate; petals purple, spathulate, oblique, 3.5 mm long, 1.25

mm wide, the apex rounded, carinate-apiculate, concave, converging below and anterior to the lip, lip

purple, ovate-unguiculate, arcuate, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide expanded, with serrulate margins, the

apex recurved, subacute, verrucose, the disc pubescent with a pair of converging carinae within the

margins of the erect, dilated middle third, the base broadly unguiculate, thick, pubescent-verrucose,

truncate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column yellow, winged above the middle, 3 mm long,

the foot 1 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Buenos Aires, above Timba, cultivated by Amalia Lehmann in Popayan, 21 Oct.

1982, C. Luer 8186 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is rare in southern Colombia, known only from the type-collection.

It is characterized by a slender ramicaul; a narrowly elliptical leaf; a lax, distichous

raceme about as long as the leaf; and non-resupinate flowers with the sepals car¬

inate externally and densely pubescent within. Most unusual are the petals with

concave apices that converge in front of the lip, as if to form an additional lip. The

true lip is small, ovate-unguiculate, and minutely pubescent-verrucose.

Pleurothallis racemiflora Lindl. ex Lodd., Bot. Cab. 10: t.949, 1824, not (Sw.) Lindl.

Ety.: From the Latin racemiflorus , “flowers in a raceme,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Dendrobium quadrifidum La Llave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 40, 1825.

Ety.: From the Latin quadrifidus , “divided into four parts,” referring to the perianth.

Syn.: Stelis racemiflora (Lindl. ex Lodd.) Lodd. ex Baxt., Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl., 3. 643, 1842.

Syn.: Pleurothallis quadrijida (La Llave & Lex.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 70, 1842.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ghiesbreghtiana A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser 3, 3. 16, 1845.

Ety.: Named in honor of M. Ghiesbreght, contemporary Belgian botanist.

Syn.: Pleurothallis incompta Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 24, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin incomptus , “unadorned,” referring to the simple flowers.

Syn.: Physosiphon nicaraguensis Liebm., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 4, 1 329, 1856.

Ety.: Named for the country where the species was collected.

Syn.: Pleurothallis longissima Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 31, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin longissimus , “very long,” referring to the racemose in orescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis nicaraguensis (Liebm.) Rchb.f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 171, 1861.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Syn.: Humboldtia incompta (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia longissima (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia nicaraguensis (Liebm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia quadrifida (La Llave & Lex.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lyroglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg 8- 566 1910

Ety.: From the Greek lyroglossa , “a lyre-shaped tongue,” referring to the shape of the lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis niederleinii Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 396 1918

Ety.: Named in honor of Herr Niederlein who collected this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallisghiesbreghtiana var. cleistogama L.O.Williams, Ceiba 2: 1951.

Ety.: From the Greek cleistogamos , “a closed marriage,” in allusion to the closed fertilization.

p| ant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect 5-15 cm long

with a tubular sheath below the middle and 2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf ^ect shiny gTeen to

obm^Ts’Hernia’2^ margi " Sm ° re ° r leSS slightly incurved ’ subacute to

strict su JonJTs ed more oTl *’ a * ' n, ° 3 sub P etiola,e base - Inflorescence an erect,

2i#5 (M^ U M^choacin:^m^Mbepec, Tempinda^Mar 6 ^*^ ^

Ypericones, 25 Mar. 1933 G B Hinton Ifisnivv t 3 932, G '? m Hinton 354 Temascaltepec,

1934, O. Nagel 2258 (MO) Chiapas Venmhino r' Zararacua - south of Uruapan, alt. 1350 m, 5 Mar.

28 Feb. 1965. D.E. Breedlove 9198c (US) H<fa T' Aguacatenan g° Center, alt. 5,900 ft.,

Nagel 4555 (holoype of Zcle^,ogama- AMF9 de , alt '450 m, 28 Mar. 1936, O.

Monte Ovando, alt. 450-850 m 14 Feb 1979 TB CmmJ 7 Sjo be,ween Flnca California and

1580 m. 12 Mar. 1982, M.W. Chase 82129 (AMO U\C»i£T* '° Lag ° de Mon ' ebe "°- a "-

cruz: Jalapa, Paso del Toro, alt. 1000 m I Apr 1935 ^ ) 'J h °'° l J, P f2! Rgl ! le ' brechl ' ana: P) Ver *-

cleistogama. MO); var. cleistogama Tucuanarf n r p ’ ^ J ‘ Gonzales 4681 (holotype of var.

GUATEMALA: withou STy JskZer £ K?n' I ^ Ton™' " **“"*'•«■ < BR >'

Goodman 275. Y ’ 22 (K) - Duluas ’ a »- 5,000 ft., 1862, Mssrs. Salvia &

derlein s.n. (holotype ofE^iUederldnii dest'roved Ur 1 ^' ^ f L° m Compagua t0 Puerto Cortes, Nie-

of type). deStroyed at B; ' ect °type here designated: AMES 23655, iilustr.

Sandoval 830 (B, K, LAGU "moT Ben,t °’ West of Las Escaleras, 16 Nov. 1992, E. Sandoval & M.

NICARAGUA: collected by Oersted, Apr. 1881, cultivated by Mr. Bull 608 (holotype off! nicaraguen-

.4. Endres 3!6. 7oTu60 ("w);For^ TiS MHIftT '° Cality ’ ' 867,

sa destroyed at B; lectotype here designated AMES n ’ T duz 13731 (holotype of P lyroglos-

Ramon, alt. 900 m, 6 Feb 1983, 4. Ala i“*' a Barranca de San

Santo, alt. 1000-1200 m. I Dec. 1988 GHerrera 21 Y,°/wn? ^' gUel1 ° es,e - Naran J°- Cerro Espiritu

Retinto, alt. 780-960 m, 9 Dec. 1988 M Gravum A r u M0) n , Puntarenas: 0sa - Buenos Aires, Fila

Without collection data cultivated bCr i.Z & G " errera 9147 (CR, MO).

VENEZUELA: Caracas, alt. 5.000 ft., HwZ^rMU P ,on ^ im “ *)•

incompta W). C. Luer iilustr 17002; Colonia Tovar 1854 sa ^ agener 169 ( h<)| otype of P

Hermenic s.n. (W). Caripe, shade trees of coffee Dllntkt on!' p\, ofo ‘ er 1462 (K); Caracas - 1851 • M -

COLOMBIA: reported. “ plantatlons - Feb - '958, G.C.K. Dunsterville 446.

CUBA: Oriente, C. Wright 616 (W)

■»«. r ^-, <K); Nov .

*”* m, (BR,. 120

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis retusa (La Llave) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 81, 1842.

Bas.: Dendrobium retusum La Llave, Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 40, 1825.

Ety.. From the Latin rutusus , “retuse,” possibly referring to the synsepal.

Syn.: Specklinia retusa (La Llave) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 21: sub t. 1797, 1835.

Syn.: Humboldtia retusa (La Llave) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hieroglyphic a Ames, Orchid. 2: 269, 1908.

Ety.: From the Utin hieroglyphics, “hieroglyphic,” in allusion to the markings on the sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis aristocratica L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 12: 237, 1946.

Ety.: From the Latin aristocratia, “aristocratic,” in allusion to the superior Bowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-7 cm long, enclosed by

a tubular sheath from below the middle, and 2-3 shorter sheaths above the base. Leaf coriaceous erect

narrowly elhptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 4-8 cm long, I-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, distichous, successively several-flowered

raceme, 2-5 cm long including the peduncle ca. I cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 3 mm long, from

near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long-

“ pa ' S J. ei llo«'-g reen . v ar io usly suffused and spotted with purple, fleshy, carinate, glabrous externally and

ternally the dorsal sepal elhptical-obovate, obtuse, concave, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined free

k„°Tii hC !u er ’ the a ! er , al Se E als conna,e t0 near ‘he apex into a recurved, oblong synsepal. concave

hnnn^'i 3 T ,U m l c 1 0lumn - f0 ° 1 ' 7 " long, 4.5 mm wide, the apices obtuse, in apposi-

on. petals purple, oblique, spathulate, broadly obtuse, narrowly unguiculate, 3.5 mm long 2 mm wide

tnr.te'rid^rT e - Tr ,riiobed ’ jL, w, 2 mm

r^rin ° h d f, d ' h la < eral . lobes erect - rounded, near the middle, the disc with a parallel pair of

^tn^dtoTe .TnTth T" ae T Ween ; the Claw Slender - 1 mm ,on ?’ minute, y Wauriculale at the

fit ssrxtsrs"* 3 -

\1^hoMin:^ei^s^ , te^c^C^mbre!4^ov l T934 C c'^'H/i/^e/ , aPrt^^^/^ aa

Oaxaca, alt. 6,000-7,000 fl„ Dec 1954 R Obera 224 i\MV*\ rw 2 (K) ' ° axaca: moun,a,n near

1959 RL Dressier 2S12 irm um u 8 “^(AMES). Chiapas: south of Tenancingo, 5 Aug.

Chase 83393 Zen Mi r " ^ of Temasca "epec, alt. 2080 m, 25 Oct. 1983, M W

a “- 2300 m - 23Ju ‘y 1931

aristocratica: AMES). ’ m ’ 22 Apnl ,935 ’ J Gonzales 3245 (holotype of P.

ouentlv h^d heen" SPCC T T* described b y toda y’s standards, and conse-

er than nalwTv e'mnT ,, “ characterized b y a small habit with ramicauls short-

sumassS^leaf ^ lenl tT’ ? ^wered raceme that does not

p 3e The svns' f ^ * “* glabr0US and variousl y mottled with

purple The synsepal is arcuate with a retuse apex. The petals are broadlv

c ' aw The lip 18 hastate when the erect ’ rounded ’ ^

P n nam,W ’ el ° ngated ClaW ' The Collection described a *

n ° WerS r W,th an accessor y P a * r of veins in the dorsal

scpai. utnerwise, there are no specific differences.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Pleurothallis scabrata Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 30, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin scabratus , “scabrous,” referring to the serrulate margins of the petals.

Syn.: Humboldtia scabrata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668. 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis humboldtiana Luer, Selbyana 3: 120, 1976.

Ety.: Named for Alexander von Humboldt, early explorer of the Andes.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 10-16 cm long, with a

close, tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, subacute to obtuse, 10-15 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, cuneate below into an ill-defined petiole ca. 1 cm

long. Inflorescence an erect to arching, secund, loose, simultaneously several- to many-flowered raceme,

20-30 cm long including the peduncle ca. 10 cm long, subtended by a narrow spathe 1-1.5 cm long;

floral bracts tubular, oblique, 4-5 mm long; pedicels 6-10 mm long; ovary spotted, 3-7 mm long; sepals

green, suffused and spotted with brown or purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 13-19

mm long, 4-6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute to obtuse lamina, 13-19

mm long, 4-6 mm wide, 6-veined; petals suffused with brown or purple, ovate, acute, 9-12 mm long, 3

mm wide, with the margins minutely serrulate above the middle and more or less scabrous externally; lip

white, spotted with purple, 3-lobed, 5-7 mm long, 4 mm wide across the lobes, the apex yellowish, ovate,

acute with the margins minutely serrulate, the lobes erect, broadly rounded in the middle third, the disc

with a low pair of carinae on the middle third, narrowed below into a bilobulate base, hinged to the

column-foot; column greenish white, suffused and dotted with brown, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot

thick, I mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: without locality. Bridges s.n. (Holotype: K): Nor Yungas near Chulumani, cultivated

in Chulumani by Dino Menato, 1 Feb. 1980, C. Luer 5047 ( SEL).

PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla above Leimebamba, alt. 2535 m, 17 Mar. 1964,

PC. Hutchison & D.E. Bennett 4623 (AMES, UC); Bongara, south of Pomacochas, alt. 7850 ft., 1 Apr.

1944, W.H. Hodge 6145 (AMES). Without locality, obtained from Fred Fuchs, cultivated by J & L

Orchids, 1975, C. Luer 599 (holotype of P. humboldtiana : SEL).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: east Andes of Sigsig, alt. 1600-2000 m. May 1887, F.C. Lehmann 6496

(K); at pass north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1500 m, 17 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, J Luer & A. Hirtz 8699 (SEL).

Loja: south of Loja, alt. 2400-2500 m, 18 Apr. 1946, R. Espinosa 183 (AMES, LOJA); Parque Nacional

Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo, alt. 2600 m, 27 Feb. 1985, B. Ollgaard et al. 58355 (AAU, QCA); Cerro

Toledo, southeast of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 7 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23850 (GB); Nudo

de Sabanilla, south of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 24 Feb. 1988, U. Molau & B. Eriksen 3195 (GB).

This handsome species is known to occur in the Andes from southern Ecuador

into Bolivia. It is superficially similar to P. restrepioides Lindl. of subgenus

Elongatia. However, the serrulate petals and a lip flexibly hinged by a bilobulate

base exclude it from that subgenus. Within subgenus Effusia, it is also an exception

with the serrulate petals, but the lip is in agreement. It is most similar to the rare P.

hamiltonii.

Pleurothallis scabrata is distinguished by the large habit with large, oblong

leaves, and a stout, equally long ramicaul. From a comparatively small spathe, a

long, loose raceme of large, spotted flowers surpasses the leaf. The narrowly ovate

orsal sepal and synsepal are similar. Above the middle, the petals are narrowed,

thickened, and acute with minutely serrated margins. The lip is arcuate with large,

orect, marginal lobes that are usually well demarcated from the smaller, apical lobe.

slow the lobes, the lip is broadly unguiculate and truncate with a lobule at the

comers.

Ple “[' ot 5j a,,is tarantula Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 186, 1996.

ty - amed for the similarity of the hairy flowers to a spider of the genus Tarantula.

with^a n?K l ? rge ’ epi P^y l * c ’ caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout to slender, erect, 15-50 cm long,

a cute to Sheattl a b° ve the middle and 2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate,

1 .5 cm 1 q U Cm long ’ 5-1 ^ cm w *de, the base cuneate to rounded, contracted into a petiole

raceme un f * nn ° rescence an erect, strict, congested, more or less simultaneously several-flowered

cm lone at rh ° Cm l ° ng includin 8 the peduncle 3-4 cm long, borne behind the leaf, from a spathe 1.5-3

4-5 . e apex °f the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 4 mm long; pedicel 2-5 mm long; ovary

obtuse 12^ Sepa * S dark P ur Ple, fleshy, densely long-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal spathulate,

3 mm long, 7 mm wide, recurved above the unguiculate base, the lateral sepals connate 9

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mm into a broadly elliptical, obtuse, bifid lamina, 12-14 mm long, 9 mm wide, apices free for 1 mm;

petals dark purple, cuneate-spathulate, subtruncate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide at the apex; lip dark red-

purple, oblong, arcuate, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, with reclining spicules, denticu¬

late, the margins thin, erect and broadly rounded below the middle, the disc with a pair of longitudinal

calli parallel to the margins, minutely subverrucose above the base, the base broad, membranous, biaur-

iculate, delicately hinged to the column-foot; column broadly winged, with minutely denticulate mar¬

gins, bidentate at the apex, 4.5 mm long, the foot thick, 2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in cloud forest east of Guisme, alt.

1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13553 (Holotype- MO

Isotypes. K,QCNE). '

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Yarumal, epiphytic in forest above the road to El Cedro, alt. 1900 m, 17 Mar.

1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrom & W. Teague 14212 (MO).

Basically this species is similar to P. imraei , a common, sympatric species.

Both species bear the flowers in a short raceme behind the leaf. When a flowering

specimen ofR tarantula is discovered in the dense forest, and the large leaf is lifted

or bent to see what is behind, the viewer is treated to a shock, especially if his fin¬

gers touch the cluster of large, dark purple, hairy flowers that resemble a cluster of

big spiders. It is a memorable experience. Except for the size, the details of the

flowers are very similar to those of R imraei.

Pleurothallis thomasii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Hawkins Thomas, who collected this species.

Species haec P. villosae Fawc. & Rendle persimilis, sed floribus multiminoribus fiavis immaculatis

et pedicehs brevissimis differt.

. ™. d !“ m ' n , S ' ze ' epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, compressed

h b ” h a ™ dd e ’ 5 '. 12 c . m long - compressed above, with a tubular sheath below the middle, and 2-3

sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, cor,aceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to narrowly obtuse, 4-6 cm long,

tl f, J cun “ te '* l ° w '"to the sessile base. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, strict, successively

7h“ W "k f n °T rS 0pe " simultaneous >y. to 7 cm long including the peduncle 3-5 cm

2 mmTonT^direls tT 8 ’ the 3p6X ° f ,he ramicaul at the base of the ^ral bracts

doTJTl seoal dHn.talih" 1 " 1 , ° Vary 2 mm ,0ng; “ PalS ye " 0W ' W ' th long ’ villous hairs within, ,he

fhe^ erak fw Cm Th^ ,1’ C0 " CaVe ’ 4 '™ '° ng ’ 3 mm wide ex P a " d ed, 3-veined, connate to

onl 3 i h ,! a 861,3 S C ° nna,e 1 mm in, ° an obova,e ' concave, bifid synsepal, 3 75 mm

ZdL auhe anL XP 2 n 5 mm^T 8 7 "!■ 3PP ° si,ion; P etals translucent, ob^ate-spathulate,

wide theblade LmH ?"!’ ‘ mm W '? e; ' ip obl O"g-unguiculate, arcuate, 2.4 mm long, I mm

! : b ' b ade oblong ' ro “ nd at the a Pe x - wth a pair of calli inside the margins, angled above the claw

c a :.„ 0 :n"Tv:ir7': lo ^ le at r h comer ° f the ^*z

India v"nZ ' '" ged ’ dem,Clila,e 3 ‘ ,he ap6X ’ 22 mm long - the f -< 0-5 mm long, the anther

HawklTnL2To%a 5“®!^ m ’ 6 JunC ‘" 2 ’

This species, known from only one collection in Honduras, is related to the

relatively frequent. Central American P. villosa, but differs from it by having small-

TT? PUbCSCent fl ° WerS b0me in a Sorter, more congested

™ ™ y , Sh ° n P ® d,cels barely as lon 8 as *e floral bracts. The raceme of Rvillo-

pedklls ^ feW ' fl0Wered W,th the flowers long-villous within and borne by long

Pleurothallis tortiUs Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 14 - 180 1981

Ety.. From the Lat.n tortilis , “twisted,” referring to the petiole of the leaf. '

with a 7 bular < sheath > below **?'*'"* Stou ‘- 11 ' 25 «" '»"*•

ceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse petiolate 8 ,3 ha about th ® h* 8 ® . Leaf erect, thickly coria-

channeled, twisted petiole I -1.5 cm long.’ inflorescence I 6 lnn« $ Cm CUneate below int0 ,he

6 loose, secund, simultaneously several-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

flowered racemes, 3-9 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, borne behind the leaf, with a spathe

1 cm long from the apex of the ramicaul, 2 mm below the abscission layer; floral bracts 3-4 mm long;

pedicels 4-6 mm long, erect along the rachis; ovary curved, 3-4 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, rigid¬

ly fleshy, carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical, subacute, concave, 7.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral

sepals connate to near or above the middle into a concave, oblong, bifid, obtuse synsepal, 7 mm long, 3.5

mm wide; petals yellow, obovate, obtuse, concave, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, with 3 brown or purple

veins prominent externally; lip purple, oblong-trilobed, 3.25 mm long, 1.25 mm wide unexpanded,

narrowed above the middle, the apex cuneate, truncate, the margins below the middle erect with tall,

longitudinal, intramural carinae, with a low, midline keel between, the base expanded, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long, the anther ventral but protrud¬

ing, and the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: San Sebastian, road from La Vega to Paramo de Barbillas, alt. 3070 m, 27 July

1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar et al. 3021 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: MUM).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between El Pun and Tulcan, Nov. 1952, FFagerlmdAG. Whom I376(S). Loja

Cerro Toledo, southeast of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 7 Apr 1985 C. Harlmg & L Andenson 23850 (OBJ.

Nudo de Sabanilla south of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 24 Feb. 1988 U. Molau & B.lZnksen 3195 (AA .

GB). Napo: Papallacta, alt. 3100-3300 m, 15 June 1968, G. HarUng G. Storm ££ i Hutf '

between Papallacta and Cuyuja, alt. 2500 m, June 1989, A. Him <4 X. Him 4252 (MO), C. Luer

14938.

This uncommon relative of the frequent P. imraei occurs locally in southern

Colombia and northern Ecuador. It is characterized by racemes no longer than the

leathery leaf, and borne from the base of a twisted petiole to rise along the back side

of the leaf. The flowers are fleshy with obtuse sepals, the laterals connate to above

the middle into a concave synsepal. The petals are spathulate and concavewith

three purple veins externally. The lip is oblong with the apex trunca e

pair of tall, rounded, intramural lamellae on the middle third, and a ow

between.

Pleurothallis trichostoma Luer, Selbyana 5: 185, ^9-

Ety.: From the Greek trichostoma , “hairy mouth, referring to the

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ra f m ^ to

by a tubular sheath and 2 short sheaths at the base. Lea ere , j* j.j .6 cm wide, gradually

subacute, 3-4.5 cm long including an indistinct petiole es su berect to arching, lax, distichous,

narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a lone including the peduncle 3-4 cm long,

flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme, up to ^ ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm

subtended by a spathe 3 mm long from an annulus ™ R mot tled with purple along the veins,

long; pedicels 5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals light ^^tt^ ^ ^ synsepal , su b_

densely long-pubescent within with the hairs white 3-veined, the lateral sepals

carinate, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacute to obtuse, mm , wide, concave centrally;

connate to the apex into a concave, ovoid, obtu ^ e ’ U neuiculate, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

petals translucent red, spathulate, concave, rounded a P ’ hevon d the margin; lip yellow, subtri-

3-veined, callous along the midvein externally ar l pr ° .. the | atera i lobes erect, broadly rounded,

lobed, unguiculate, slightly arcuate, 2 mm long, • ’in and converging at the apex, the apex

the disc with a pair of longitudinal carinae, each wi bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot;

subserrulate, narrowly obtuse, the claw 0.5 mm ong, \ fa# i m m long, the anther, rostellum

column red, semiterete, with a long-aristate apex, 2.5 mm long,

>" d , . Zimor , con.™, w i.

SEL ' „ d lch area ofsoum.

Thisspeeiesis known from.bn. v, 8 e».iv.ly

i,^ 0 c r <;.rS^

Z prom,,, ' n8

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis tripterantha Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 24, 1854.

Ely.: From the Greek tripteranthos, “three-winged flower," referring to the tall-carinate ovaries and

sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tripterygia , Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 24, 1854.

Ety.: From the Greek triptergion, “three-finned,” referring to the finlike carinae of the sepals and

ovary.

Syn.: Pleurothallis procumbens Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 35, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin procumbens , “leaning forward or downward,” referring to the scandent habit.

Syn.: Lepanthes tricarinata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 43, 1882, not P tricarinata Poepp

& Endl., 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin tricarinatus , “tricarinate,” referring to the ovary and sepals.

Syn.: Humboldtia procumbens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia tripterantha (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia tripterygia (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis trialata Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 500, 1896, nom. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin trialatus , “ three-winged,” referring to the flowers and ovaries.

Syn.: Masdevallia tricarinata Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 456, 1899, not P tricarinata

Poepp. & Endl., 1836.

S ^; f l ™ thallLs hamata Ro,fe ’ 0rch - Rev - 24: 187, 1916, nomen nudum ; ex Ames, Sched. Orch.

3. o, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin hamatus , “hooked at the tip," in allusion to recurving of tips of some sepals.

Syn : Pleurothallis medellinert™ Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 236 1920.

F.ty.: Named for the city of Medellin, Colombia, near where the species was collected.

Syn.: Masdevallia carpophora Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 427, 1921.

ty.. From the Greek carpophoros, “fruit-bearing,” referring to the cleistogamous flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia aperta Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg 17-430 1921

Ety.: From the Utm apertus, “open,” referring to the open flower as compared to those closed.

f‘ leur °'* a,ll \ hun 'f riana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 20, 1922

Ety.. Named for a Mr. Hunter, collector of this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis aperta (Kraenzl.) Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 17, 1924.

Syn.: Staphosepalum carpophorum (Kraenzl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 251, 1967.

stou. P oN n, 3 S cmll,nVen 8 clo^ P h ! T* l ° Caespi,ose ’ roo,s lender. Ramicauls slender or

Novate subacufem acMe Leaf erect - coriaceous, narrowly elliptical to narrow-

petiole I 5cmlono infl 18 cm long, 1-2 cm wtde, the base narrowly cuneate into an ill-defined

veined, free from or adherent to the lateral seoak the lot i °, ng ’ 2 ’ 5 0101 W1< * e ’ 1 "2 mm deep, 3-

mm, or adherent above the middle inm a kW ^ SCpa S narrow, y ovate > acute, connate 5-11

unexpanded, petah ,™nslucen«yeUowor J£ v ™?? d ^ mm long ’ 4 ‘ 7 5 mm wide

elliptical-obovate, acute, 2-6 mm long l^mm wide 7 ^°, d ° r ^ ei " ed red or P ur P le - glabrous,

narrowly elliptical-oblong. obmTe 4-8 mm Zr M £ ™ Wh ,' ,e ’ d ° ,ted Wi,h purple '

minutely verrucose calli along the middle third to near ih' 5 1^’ shallow| y sulcate between low,

truncate, hinged to the column-foot column | nm , t h apCX ’ the apex minutcly verrucose, the base

the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, .he foil thick "-2 mm'long ’ 5 ‘ 0n8 ' de " tate “* * he apCX ’

Wagener 145 (holoty^of P /nprm^' wvWi'thou! dat Wt f ene f 120 < Holot yP e: W); “Caracas,” H.

RioOmira-Kuna, alt. 1500-1800 m 27 Mar 1972 1 4 c a ’ Lansb f r gsjt. (W). Zulia: Sierra de Perija,

(AMES. VEN). Without localhvrollected hi A M S ‘ ey , ermark * G CK & E Dunsterville 105667

C. Luer 1939 (SEL). * by A ' Mejla ’ cul,,va,ed in Medellin, Colombia, 7 Oct. 1977,

Powell245 (AMES);afr 4,000 fr^Jidy m9 'ctf PoweU°ino!h7 (AMES); a "' 4 ' 500 ft - Oct., C. W.

lectotype here designated: AMES, isolectotype: K) (holotype of P hunteriana destroyed at B;

1961, e. Ww*-A J ^wzf(MO) al CartaBo^Rto C paaiir ee h<f an ^ R c 0Sa and San Luis - alt ' 400 m, 18 Apr.

SYSTEMAT1CS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

1867, A. Endres s.n. (W); without data, A. Endres s.n. (W: as “P. trionychia”); • Without locality, flow¬

ered in cultivation at K, 31 July 1916, C. Lankester 350-15 (holotype of P. hamata : W; isotype: AMES);

cultivated at K, 2 Aug. 1922 (K).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: terrestrial, around Hato Viejo near Medellin, alt. 1800 m, F.C. Lehmann 8240

(holotype of Masdevallia tricarinata destroyed at B); Quebrada Agua Clara, near Palmira, alt. 5,000-

6,000 ft., Oct. 1877, F.C. Lehmann 134 (W). Antioquia: Alto Murinde, collected by L.C. Vieira,

cultivated in Medellin, 25 Oct. 1979, C. Luer 4338 (SEL); Frontino, collected by H. Anganta, cultivated

at Colomborquideas, 16 May 1993, C. Luer 16883 (MO). Without collection data, cultivated by M. & O.

Robledo at La Ceja, 9 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13090 (MO). u

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: southeast of Patata overlooking Banos, alt. 3070 m, 2 June Mac-

Bryde 405 (AMES). Napo: between Baeza and Cosanga, alt. 1800 m, 14 Apr. 1985, C. Luer. J. Luer &

PERU' Muna^alt. 7,000 ft., 23 May-4 June 1923 ,J.F. Macbride 4038 (AMES, F). Jumn: Coloma

Perene, alt. 680 m, 14-22 June 1929, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 25092 (AMES, US). Amazonas: Chacha-

poyas, between Ingenio and Pomacochas, alt. 1700 m, 28 May 1963, A. Lopez. A. Segastegui & V.

Collantes 4277 ( AMES, HUT). . I7 , ,no 8

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, between Cochabamba and Villa Tunan, alt. 1200 m l . .

C. Luer. J. Luer & R. Vdsquez 12855 (MO). Santa Cruz: south of Yapacam, alt. 650 m, 7 Sept.

Luer, J. Luer, L. Moreno & D. Ric 15404 (MO). i<ssn fC\ Paulo

BRAZIL Parana Guaraquecaba, Serrinha, 9 Aug. 1967, G. Hatschbach 1688 ( ). *

Amjaro Tres Pome? 28 May! .927, F.C. Hoehnes,. (AMES, SP-20572). Rio de Jane.ro: w,hou.

locality, A. Glaziou 14325 (BR); Alto Macahe, Jan. 1891, A. Glaziou s.n. (HR).

This species is relatively frequent in its wide distribution in tropical America at

moderate altitudes. Individuals and populations vary greatly in size, ot ora y

and vegetatively. The ramicauls are much shorter than the narrow leaves they bear.

The inflorescence is pendent or arching, and more or less simultaneously owe •

The flowers are commonly cleistogamous. The sepals are fles y wi a

that includes the ovary. The petals and lip are simple.

Reichenbach and Lindley recognized the species as

obvious with all the necessary criteria. Reichenbach described fir* two vamtions

simultaneously, the firs, epithet being accepted. Kranrltn deacnbedl.an.fiomt.f

the species three times in Masdevallia, and Garay transferred one of these names

Scaphosepalum.

Pleurothallis trulla Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2:114,1854

Ely.: From the Latin trulla, "a dipper or a scoop,” m allusion to the l.p w,th

Humboldtia trulla (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668. 1891.

Plant medium to large, presumably epiphytic, roots hlng^cm wide in the dried

Leaf erect, coriaceous, fleshy, elliptical, obtuse to su acu , ^ simultaneously several-flowered

state, cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence - • n ’ ear the apex of the ramicaul; floral

racemes, 18-22 cm long including the peduncle ca. g> mm long; sepa i s pubescent within,

bracts 5 mm long, 5 mm apart; pedicels ca. 5 mm g, mm w jd e , thc latera i ^is connate to

carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical, concave, acute, 5 petals translucent, obovate,

the apex into an elliptical, obtuse, concave synsepa , m • 3- V eined; lip ovate, unguiculate,

obtuse to rounded at the apex, unguiculate, 6 mm ong, • Recurved the margins erect, obtusely

the blade 3 mm long, 3 mm wide expanded, the apex■ ’ .| us 2 mm long on each side, the claw

angled above the claw, the disc with a longitudina , P‘ j t h e foot thick, 3 mm long,

slender, 1.5 mm long, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, mm g,

the anther hooded, ventral, and the stigma ventra .

PERU: Without locality, 7. Rater von Warszevria 565 (Holotype: W; Isotype: K).C. ^ _

This species is known only dtettiwe below the soli-

somewhere in Peru. The specimen was fi owe rs remain. The sepals are

tary leaf, but three elongated racemes^wi^h a <’ ^ complete , y connate int0 a

carinate, pubescent within, and the late P blade of the lip

concave s^sopal. The petals are broadand

broadly ovate with erect angles abo ^ e ^ h re concave medially, creating a

on either half. The calli are unusual because the > * .

pair of crescent-shaped flaps. The tip of the ip is ecu

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis vaginata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 917, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin vaginatus , “sheathed,” referring to the ramicaul.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-20 cm long

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath above the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous’,

more or less horizontal, elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, slightly acuminate, the base rounded abrupt¬

ly contracted into a twisted petiole I cm long, the blade 5-9 cm long, 3-7 cm wide. Inflorescence 1-3

erect, subsecund, simultaneously few- to several-flowered racemes, 3-5 cm long, borne beneath the leaf

by a slender peduncle 1-3 cm long, subtended by a spathe 0.5-1 cm long, borne from an annulus below

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; flowers fre¬

quently cleistogamous; sepals yellow-green, with or without purple mottling, glabrous externally and

internally, the dorsal sepal elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined barely con¬

nate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into a concave, ovoid, obtuse synsepal, 5.5

mm long, 3 mm wide, forming a broad mentum below the column-foot; petals yellow, spathulate, ob¬

tuse 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, carinate externally along the midvein; lip yellow, elliptical-obl’ons

slightly arcuate 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex narrowly obtuse, microscopically verrucose, the disc

concave centrally between a pair of longitudinal calli within the margins of the slightly dilated middle

third, the lower third broadly unguiculate, minutely verrucose, truncate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-

foot; column sem.terete, winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 3 mm long, the foot 0 5-1

mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

La / C alma near 5 an Pedr0 ’ alt ' 1125 m - 22 Ma y '923 (published Nov. 1921),

A M. Brenes 12*. (holotype of P vaginata destroyed at B; lectotype: AMES)

" T * re —-««=* *» ss*

This species is closely allied to the frequent P. imraei, and could possibly be

treated as a small variation. It differs from P. imraei in the smaller habit with

totally glabrous flowers only half as large that are frequently cleistogamous.

Pleurothallis villosa Knowles & Westc., Floral Cabinet 2' 78 1838

Ely.: From the Latin villosus, “with long, weak hairs,” referring to the se’pals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis schiedei Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 826 1849

Ety.: Named in honor of the collector, Herr Schiede.

Syn.: Humboldtia schiedei (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668. 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia villosa (Knowles & Westc.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668. 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hirsuta Ames, Orchid. 2: 270, 1908.

Ely.: From the Latin hirsutus, “with long hairs,"’refemng to the sepals.

compressed aboveJenclarcd'byTtS slender, erect, 2-7 cm long, slightly

base. Leaf erect coriaceous ellintirai c, k * ° L W the mid ^ e ’ w,th 2-3 shorter sheaths above the

into .he sessil ba eTnfW^ en e a lax d^ cho cm lo "S- '‘ 2 ™ wide, cunea.e below

with 1-2 flowers open ZS few-flowered raceme

spathe 3 mm long, from the apex of the rami™ | 8 v**'l'" 8 the P eduncle 2-3 cm long, subtended by a

long, pedicels slenderT^ m^ "°ral bracts tubular, 2-3 mm

spotted with purple, carinate externals m.mip n ^ pUI ?. e ’ 2 mm lon g; sepals fleshy, yellow-green,

acute, concave, 7 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide T-veined^'f""’ a* f° rSal Sepal elli P.'cal-obovate, sub-

connate into an obovate, shortly bifid synsepal 5 mm’lom. 4 °™ ** aterals 31 the base - the lateral se P als

obtuse, in apposition; petals translucent vellnw or 8 ’ 4 Wlde unex P ande<1 , 6-veined, the apices

a. the apex, Z5-3 mmTong PUrP ' e ' ob ° va «e-spa,hulate, rounded

with purple, oblong-unguiculate arcuate 3 5 mm i i pUrp e verruca e externally; lip green, marked

.he middle third whh a low caringwithin ’the,Z in' V, T W ' d f'' he ape * rounded . s ' des erect along

concave between the calli, the claw slender 1 mm inn» US ^,v ang ed ab <>ve the claw, the disc shallowly

the middle, base hinged to the tip of the column-flot 8 criumnTre Ute ° f f 0nverging carinae near

above the middle, denticulate at the apex 2 5 mm Inna th ? Cen ’ narrowl y win 8 ed and serrulate

tral PCXf 2 5 mm ,ong ’ the 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ven-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

MEXICO: without collection data, cultivated by G. Barker, Esq., presumably of London, ca. 1837, no

holotype extant. Without locality, collected 1905, specimen pressed from cultivated material, 3 Aug.

1907, C.G. Pringle s.n. (“type-plant” of ?. hirsuta, neotype of?, villosa here designated: Ames 10552)\

Without locality, specimen pressed from cultivated material, 11 July 1907, C.G. Pringle s.n. (syntype of

P. hirsuta, lectotype of?, hirsuta here designated: Ames 10158 ); pressed from cultivated material 16 May

1906, G.C. Pringle s.n. (syntype of P. hirsuta : Ames 8095). Without collection data, collected by

Schiede, cultivated at the Hamburg Botanical Garden, Schiede s.n. (holotype of P. schiedei : W);

Michoacan: Temascaltepec, Communidad, alt. 2610 m, 7 July 1932, G.B. Hinton 969 (K, MO); Vicinity

of Morelia, alt. 2000 m, Dec. 1910, Bro. G Arsene 5146 (MO); vicinity of Morelia, Charro Prieto, alt. ca.

1900 m, 30 July 1937, O. Nagel & E. Vera 6884 (AMES); region of Morelia, alt. 2000 m, 27 Aug. 1938,

E. Vera 6884 (MO); Temascaltepec, Cajones, alt. 2440 m, 8 Sept. 1933, G.B. Hinton 4642 (K, MO,

SEL); Temascaltepec, Mar Mina del Rincon, alt. ca. 1900 m, 24 Feb. 1936, E. Oestlund 5400 (AMES);

north of Temascaltepec, 20 Aug. 1959, R.L. Dressier 2547 (MO); Temascaltepec, collected by R.

McCullough 1777, cultivated 3 June 1975, C. Luer 1650A (SEL). Morelia Barranca del Chilar, alt.

1800 m, 15 Sept. 1937, E. Vira 7041 (BM, MO). Jalisco: Tecalitlan, southeast of Llamtos, alt. 2050 m,

19 July 1988, A. S. Garza G. 389 (CHAPA, K). f #

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Samac near Coban, 1878, H. von Turckheim 161 (AMES, W), between

Purulha and Coban, alt. 1500 m, 16 July 1977, T.B. Croat 41229 (MO); near Coban, collected by H^

Morgan, cult. 3 July 1977, C. Luer 1650 (SEL). Huehuetenango: Cerro Huitz, between Mmeanhuiz and

Yulhuitz, alt. 1500-2600 m, 14 July 1942, J.A. Steyermark 48615 (K).

HONDURAS: Coamayagua: El Achote, above plains of Siguatepeque, alt. 1350 m, 30 July IVJo, / o.

Yuncker et al. 6215 (AMES, K, MO). co/ . 4 n\

EL SALVADOR: Morazan: Perquin-Sabenetas, alt. 1850 m. I50ct. w .

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Candelaria, between Capalobi and Alumbe. ca. 1867. A. Entires . 4 (ill. at >•

For over a century and a half, the identity of this species had not been clear. In

1838, Knowles and Westcott published a concise description which applies to no

other Mexican species. In summary: a plant four inches high, a scape flcxuous at

each bend bearing a flower, flowers very woolly and spotted with purple, and latcra

sepals connate and gibbous at the base. No specimen was preserved. Although the

length of the raceme was not given, the impression that it was longer than the leat was

implied. “Each bend bearing a flower” would hardly be noticed in a short, con¬

gested raceme as in Trichosalpinx ciliaris. The very woolly an P ur P e s ^° e

flowers seem conclusive. In 1859, Lindley identified the description wit

bach’s Pleurothallis lepanthiformis and his own Specklinia cilians.

In 1859, Reichenbach described P. schiedei. His description “d detailed lus¬

tration depict exactly this same species, as do Ames’ description and illustration of

P. hirsuta in 1908 exactly define this species. . r __

In 1882, Reichenbach described P. ornata, a species smdar m^m^y respects,

but immediately identified by the short ramicauls an t e u “ m,s ’

ous, unique, clavate appendages on the margins of the sepals. Ignoring Pvllosa

and believing P schiedei the same species as P ornata, Ames described P. htrsuta.

BINOMIALS IN

P. arcuata Lindl.

P. avenacea Ames

P. bertoniensis Hauman

P cuneifolia Lindl. = P. hypnicola

P elachopus Rchb.f. = P. hypnicola

P. ephemera Lindl.

P. filiformis Cogn.

P. ferdinandiana (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn

P. flaccida Klinge

P. ghillanyi Pabst

P. gomes-ferreiraei Pabst

P. granulosa Cogn.

P. hians Lindl.

P. hygrophila Barb.Rodr.

SUBGENUS EFFUSIA ENDEMIC IN BRAZIL

P. hypnicola Lindl.

P. laxiflora Porsch

P longirostris Focke = P. ephemera

P. microtis Schltr.

P ornithorrhyncha Hoehne - P. ephemera

P. pellifeloides (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

P. piraquarensis Hoehne

P. rostriflora Rchb.f.

P sarcopetala (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

P sparsijlora Schltr. = P. cuneifolia

P. susanensis Hoehne

P. tabacina (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

P. tricolor (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn.

P. trimeropetala Pabst

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Pleurothallis brenneri

Fig. 4. Pleurothallis chlorina

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Fig. 7. Pleurothallis convoluta

Fig. 8. Pleurothallis crenata

92 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 11. Pleurothallis diminuta

Fig. 12. Pleurothallis erucosa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Fig. 14. Pleurothallis flexuosa

94 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 19. Pleurothallis hamiltonii

Fig. 20. Pleurothallis immersa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 25. Pleurothallis longispicata

Fig. 28. Pleurothallis oestlundiana

(Pleurothallis sanguinolenta)

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

Fig. 30. Pleurothallis petiolaris

Fig. 31. Pleurothallis platystylis

Fig. 32. Pleurothallis prolixa

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Fig. 35. Pleurothallis resupinata

Fig. 36. Pleurothallis retusa

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALUS

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 43. Pleurothallis tripterantha

Fig. 44. Pleurothallis trulla

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

101

102

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES IN

SUBGENUS EFFUSIA

Anathallis 53

Anathallis hebesepala 68

Convallaria 62

Cypripedium 64

Dendrobium quadrifidum 79

retusum 82

Humboldtia arcuata 59

convoluta 63

crenata 63

flexuosa 66

gelida 68

immersa 70

imraei 71

incompta 80

longissima 80

nicaraguensis 80

procumbens 86

quadrifida 80

retusa 82

tripterantha 86

tripterygia 86

scabrata 83

schiedei 88

trulla 87

uni vagi nata 68

villosa 88

Lepanthes 53

Lepanthes chrysosepala 59

tricarinata 86

Masdevallia 73, 87

aperta 86

jalapensis 73

carpophora 86

tricarinata 86

Physosiphon nicaraguensis 79

Pleurothallis 53,55,87

subgen. Acianthera 71

subgen. Effusia 53, 54, 55, 56, 81

subgen. Elongatia 83

sect. Acuminatae 53

sect. Apodae-Caespitosae 53

sect. Brachystachyae 53

sect. EfTusae 53, 54

sect. Elongatae 53

sect. Fractiflexae 54

sect. Macrophyllae-Racemosae 53

Pleurothallis alligatorifera 60

amparoana 55, 57, 59 , Fig. 1.

aperta 55, 86

arcuata 55, 57, 59 , 60, 68, Fig. 2.

aristocratica 55, 82

bemoullii 55, 78

brenneri 55,57, 60 , 65, Fig. 3.

calerae 55, 70

campicola 55,74,75

chiquindensis 55, 68

chiriquensis 55, 68

chlorina 55, 57, 61 , Fig. 4.

circumplexa 71

cocomaensis 55, 57, 61 , Fig. 5.

Pleurothallis convallaria 55, 57, 62 , Fig. 6.

convoluta 55,56, 63 , 65, Fig. 7.

crenata 55, 57, 63 , 64, Fig. 8.

cypripedioides 55, 58, 64 , Fig. 9.

dilatata 55, 58, 65 , Fig. 10.

diminuta 55, 65 , Fig. 11.

elachopus 55, 66

erucosa 55, 57, 66, Fig. 12.

espinalii 55, 63

flexuosa 53, 55, 56, 58,66, 85, Fig. 13, 14, 15.

fomicata 55, 57, 58,68, Fig. 16.

gelida 54,55,56, 58,68, Fig. 17, 18.

ghiesbreghtiana 55,79

var. cleistogama 79

hamata 55, 86

hamiltonii 55, 58, 70 , 83, Fig. 19.

hebesepala 68

hieroglyphica 55,82

hirsuta 55,77,88,89

humboldtiana 55, 83

hunteriana 86

hypnicola 54

immersa 55, 57, 64, 70 , 71,74, Fig. 20.

imraei 55, 56, 57,62,66, 77, 77, 84, 85, 88, Fig. 21.

incompta 55, 79

jalapensis 55, 57, 73 , Fig. 22.

kiefersteiniana 55,66

krameriana 55,70

lasiosepala 55,70

lehmanneptis 55, 57, 64, 74 , Fig. 23.

lepanthiformis 89

listerophora 55, 56, 74 , 75, Fig. 24.

longispicata 55, 58, 75 , 81, Fig. 25.

longissima 55,79

lyroglossa 55,80

medellinensis 55, 86

nicaraguensis 55,80

niederleinii 55, 80

nigriflora 55, 56, 75 , 76, Fig. 26.

ocellata 59

oestlundiana 55, 56, 76 , Fig. 27,28.

omata 55, 58, 76 , 77, 89, Fig. 29.

papillisepala 55,63

petiolaris 55, 57, 77, Fig. 30.

pidax 55, 68

platystylis 55, 58, 78 , Fig. 31.

polyliria 55,68

procumbens 56,86

prolixa 56, 58, 78 , Fig. 32.

pseudocheila 56, 79, Fig. 33.

puberula 56,68

quadrifida 56,79

racemiflora 54, 55,56, 58, 79, Fig. 34

remotiflora 56,66

restrepioides 83

resupinata 56, 58, 75, 76, 81 , Fig 35

retusa 55, 56, 75, 76, 82 , Fig. 36.

rhombipetala 56,59,60

sanguinolenta 56,76

scabrata 55, 56, 58, 70, 83 , Fig 37

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

103

Pleurothallis schiedei 56, 77, 88, 89

tarantula 56, 57, 83, 84, Fig. 38.

tenuispica 56, 68

thomasii 53, 56, 58, 84, Fig. 39.

tortilis 56, 56, 84, Fig. 40.

trialata 56, 86

trichostoma 56, 58, 85, Fig. 41.

tripterantha 54, 55, 56, 58, 64, 86, Fig. 42, 43.

tripterygia 56, 86

trulla 56, 58, 87, Fig. 44.

umbraticola 56,71

Pleurothallis univaginata 56, 68

vaginata 56, 57, 73, 88 , Fig. 45.

villosa 55, 56, 58, 75, 77, 84, 88 , 89, Fig. 46.

Scaphosepalum 87

Scaphosepalum carpophorum 86

Specklinia 53

ciliaris 89

flexuosa 53,66

retusa 82

Stelis racemiflora 79

Trichosalpinx ciliaris 89

REFERENCES

Lindley. J., 1842. Pleurothallis. Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc: 67-84.

___ 1859. Folia Orchidacea Pleurothallis 9, 24,28,30,31,34,35,38,39.

Luer, C., 1986. Systematics of Pleurothallis. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 81,83.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

SUBGENUS RESTREPIOIDIA

105

ABSTRACT

Subgenus Restrepioidia Luer of Pleurothallis R.Br. is described. A key to the

species with a description and illustration of each species is given.

New taxa:

Pleurothallis subgenus Restrepioidia section Racemosae Luer, sect. nov.

Pleurothallis medinae Luer & Portilla, sp. nov.

This taxon was first recognized as section Restrepioideae of Pleurothallis by

Lindley in 1859. He included eight species in a conglomeration that he character¬

ized by solitary, fasciculate flowers and filiform petals which are sometimes

clavate. Two of the species are attributable to subgenus Restrepioidia [P hemirho-

da Lindl. and P. tentaculata (Poepp. & Endl.)], while the other six are referable to

Pleurothallis subgenera Ancipitia ( P\ crocodiliceps Rchb.f. and P. gratiosa

Rchb.f.), Pleurothallis section Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae (P. filifera Lindl.), and

the genera Myoxanthus [M. hystrix (Rchb.f.) Luer and M. reymondii (Karst.) Luer]

and Restrepia [R. nittiorhyncha (Lindl.) Garay].

To preserve the idea of the name Restrepioideae , the subgenus Restrepioidia

was proposed (Luer, 1986). This was in spite of the fact that Lindley had attributed

his P restrepioides to his section Elongatae. Although the names are etymological¬

ly similar, Restrepia and Restrepioidia are not related. The closest affinity does

indeed seem to be with subgenus Elongatia.

Pleurothallis tentaculata , the first species of the subgenus to be discovered, was

collected in Peru by Poeppig and published as Restrepia tentaculata in 1815.

Lindley transferred it to Pleurothallis in 1836, and listed it first in section Restre¬

pioideae in his monograph on Pleurothallis of 1859. The next species attributable

to this subgenus is P. hemirhoda , which was originally published by Lindley as

Restrepia vittata in 1848, but due to his pre-existing P vittata , he published the new

combination in Pleurothallis in 1853.

In 1855, Reichenbach published simultaneously in one column of one page three

similar species: P glossopogon, P biserrula and P sirene in that order, and com¬

paring each to P. bogotensis Lindl. [=/*. phalangifera (Presl) Rchb.f.]. Even wit

the specimens in hand, Reichenbach’s differentiation is not clear. All three were

collections by Wagener from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Pleurothallis

sirene was misidentified as P. biserrula in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated .

This subgenus of a few, medium-sized to large species is characterized by a

well-developed ramicaul, a sessile or petiolate leaf, and a single-flow ere or race

mose inflorescence, the basis for recognizing two sections. The ha it is simi ar to

that of most species in subgenus Elongatia : a well-developed ramicaul and an ellip¬

tical leaf. The distinguishing characters of subgenus Restrepioidia are found in the

basically similar, relatively large flowers. The sepals are membranous and glabrous

with the dorsal sepal free and with the laterals connate, although sometimes lightly

so, into a scaphoid synsepal. The petals are narrowly attenuate above an ovate,

basal portion. The lip is three-lobed with antrorse lobes near the base and a large

middle lobe. The column is short, wingless, irregularly hooded, and with a short,

stout, pedestal-like foot to which the lip is inflexibly attached.

106

ICONES PLEUROTHALLID1NARUM

SUBGENUS RESTREPIOIDIA

Pleurothallis subgenus Restrepioidia (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 20: 70, 1986.

Bas.: Pleurothallis sect. Restrepioideae Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 20, 1859.

Lectotype: Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl.

Ety.: Named for a similarity of the habit to the genus Restrepia H.B.K.

Plants perennial, medium in size to large. Ramicauls elongated, non-pseudobulbous, unifoliate.

Leaf erect, coriaceous or thickly coriaceous, more or less elliptical, acute to obtuse, the base sessile.

Inflorescence a loose, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, or a succession of single flowers, sub¬

tended by a narrow spathe at the base of the leaf, the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular; pedicels

longer than the floral bract; ovary smooth, trivalvate; flowers large, resupinate; sepals membranous,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals often connate into a concave

synsepal; petals more or less elliptical above the base, acute, long-acuminate into an elongated, filiform

apex; lip trilobed below the middle, the lobes antrorse, obtuse to elongate, the apical segment narrow, the

base truncate, attached to the end of the column; column short, semiterete, more or less toothed at the

apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the pollinia 2, obovoid, with a minute viscidium, the base

of the column thickened, concave, pedestal-like with the apex of the ovary.

Seven species are distributed in the Andes from western Venezuela into Bolivia.

The subgenus is divided into two sections.

Pleurothallis subgenus Restrepioidia section Restrepioideae

Type: Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl.

This section, composed of five species, is characterized by a successively single-

flowered inflorescence.

Pleurothallis subgenus Restrepioidia section Racemosae Luer, sect. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis glossopogon Rchb.f.

Inflorescentia racemosa.

This section of two species is characterized by a simultaneously flowered,

racemose inflorescence.

BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN PLEUROTHALLIS

ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS RESTREPIOIDIA

birchenallii Rolfe = P. glossopogon

biserrula = P. glossopogon

fustifera Luer.

glossopogon Rchb.f..

hemirhoda Lindl.

hoppii Schltr. = P. glossopogon

insignis Rolfe = P. glossopogon

medinae Luer & Portilla.

nuda (Klotzsch) Rchb.f. = P. hemirhoda

scapha Rchb.f. = P. sirene

sirene Rchb.f. .

talpinarioides Garay & Dunst.

tentaculata (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl.ZZZI

.Fig.

•Fig. 2,

.Fig.

■Fig.

...Fig.

6 .

8 .

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

107

KEY TO THE SECTIONS AND SPECIES OF

SUBGENUS RESTREPIOIDIA

1 Inflorescence single-flowered.2

1 ’ Inflorescence racemose.6

Sect. Restrepioideae

2 Blade of the lip tubular.3

2’ Blade of the lip elliptical, not tubular.4

3 Leaf sessile; sepals more than 2.5 cm long. P. tentaculaia

y Leaf petiolate; sepals less than 2 cm long. P. talpinarioides

4 Lip fringed. P hemirhoda

4’ Lip not fringed.5

5 Lip with the lobes dilated, glabrous. P fustifera

5’ Lip with the lobes narrow, ciliate at the apex. P medinae

Sect. Racemosae

6 Lip with the apex acute, slightly fringed. P> sirene

6’ Lip with the apex obtuse, fimbriate-papillose. P. glossopogon

Pleurothallis fustifera Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 173, 1999.

F.ty.: From the Latin fustifer , “club-bearing,” referring to the labellum.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-3 cm long, with a

tubular sheath below the middle and 1 -2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, ellip¬

tical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 3-5.5 cm long, 1.5-1.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole

mm long. Inflorescence a succession of solitary flowers, borne from an erect spathe 5-10 mm long, at

the apex of the ramicaul; peduncle ca. 1 mm long within the spathe; pedicel erect, 5-9 mm long, ora

bracts thin, tubular, 5-6 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

free, narrowly ovate, acute, 17 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate,

acute, acuminate, concave synsepal, 17 mm long, 6 mm wide, 6-veined, petals trans ucent, e lptica in

the basal fourth, minutely denticulate, with the apex acute, long-acuminate, 15 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

3-veined; lip trilobed, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, the midlobe elliptical, subacute to obtuse, convex, entire,

the basal lobes on the basal fourth, antrorse, clavate-pedunculate, broadly rounded at the apex the base

subtruncate, hinged to the base of the column-foot; column conical-semiterete, 2 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot short, thick, pedestal-like with the apex o t e ovary.

PERU: San Martin: south of Moyabamba, along Rio Yanayacu, a tributary of Rio Mayo, alt. 2,600 ft.,

K. Tokach P-48 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 18094.

Among the members of this subgenus, this apparently rare species, collected by

Kenneth Tokach of Tacoma, WA, is distinguished by the small habit, pedicellate

leaves, and single flowers produced successively in a fascicle with a small spathe.

The flowers are comparatively large with the dorsal sepal free from the synsepal.

The apices of the petals are long-acuminate. The basal lobes of the lip are propor-

tionately large, antrorse and clavate.

108

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis glossopogon Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 71, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek glossopogon , “a bearded lip,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis biserrula Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 71, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin biserrulus , “with two saw-toothed edges,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis insignis Rolfe, Gard. Chron. 1: 577, 1887.

Ety.: From the Latin insignis, “remarkable,” in allusion to outstanding properties of the plant.

Syn.: Humboldtia biserrula (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia glossopogon (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia insignis (Rolfe) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 189K

Syn.: Pleurothallis birchenallii Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 365, 1909.

Ety.: Named in honor of J. Birchenall, who collected this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hoppii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 64, 1924.

Ety.: Named in honor of W. Hopp, who collected this species.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls smooth, stout, erect,

10-30 cm long, with a tubular sheath below the middle and 1-2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 6-15 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm wide, cuneate or rounded below to

the sessile base. Inflorescence a simultaneously few- to several-flowered, loose, subsecund raceme, 10-

35 cm long including the peduncle 5-12 cm long, borne from a reclining spathe 1.5-3 cm long, at the

base of the leaf; pedicel slender, suberect, 15-30 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, 5-10 mm long;

ovary 8-10 mm long; sepals purple to brown, or greenish or yellowish white, dotted or suffused with

purple, usually along the veins, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal free, narrowly ovate, acute,

acuminate, 30-45 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute,

concave synsepal, 30-45 mm long, 10-11 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent, veined in purple, ellip¬

tical in the basal fifth, minutely denticulate, with the apex acute, long-acuminate, filiform, 25-40 mm

Io ng, 4-5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip green, suffused with brown or purple, trilobed, 15 mm long, 3 mm

wide, the midlobe narrowly ovate, acute, entire to minutely denticulate at the apex, the lateral lobes

a °y e * e ^ ase ’ narrowly oblong, obtuse, curved, antrorse, 5-6 mm long, the base subtruncate, hinged to

the base of the column-foot; column green, short, semiterete, 3 mm long, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral, the foot short, thick, pubescent, pedestal-like with the apex of the ovary.

COLOMBIA^ Santand £r: Aspasica, alt. 7,000 ft., H. Wagener 339 (Holotype: W; fragment: K); San

f^ r0 : a '- 6 '°°0-7,000 ft., H Wagener 551 (holotype of P. biserrula: W; fragment: K). C. Luer illustr.

19324. above Bucaramanga toward Berlin, alt. 2600-2800 m, collected by E. Valencia, cultivated at

Co omborquideas 26 Mar. 1997, R. Escobar 8295 (MO). Norte de Santander: near Velez, flowered in

O sn m °m iu P i osj r i rchen f llll n - (holotype of P. birchenallii: K); Paramo de Jurisdicciones, alt.

r- » n 4 ' C , J?, er L J \!‘ Uer ' R - Escobar & E Valencia 10233 (SEL). Narino: near Rio

°p 92 i’ Z Z°H P 122 (holotype of P h °PP" destroyed at B); above Pasto, F.C.

Lehmann <529/(K)' Param ° de 3 Achu P alles - between Almaquer and La Cruz, alt. 2800-3000 m, F.C.

VENEZUFl^Tr^m n< J* ered in cultivation at Kew Gardens (holotype of P insignis: K).

Harnett y de Guara macal, alt. 2800 m, 29 Apr. 1988, L.J. Dorr. L.C.

Turmal alt 25SOm i? m loas i f^^tES, NY); Carache, between Pico de Jabon and Paramo de

Turmal, alt. 2550 m, 12 May 1988, L.J. Dorr & L.C. Barnett 5160 (AMES, NY).

Th |s spectacular species is relatively frequent in parts of the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombta and adjacent Venezuela, and infrequent in the central and western cor-

t eras o o ombia. When published in Bonplandia in 1855, it was followed

tmmed.ately by the description of P. biserrula, a specimen so similar that they

undoubtedly represent the same species. I have chosen to use the first publ.cation

fnlthTn^n "I"" ‘‘T 8 !’ “ follows the second alphabetically. Reichenbach has

u y illustrated the Up off! glossopogon on the specimen, but none on that of

differences ^ ^ ratl0n °f a flower from the type-specimen reveals insignificant

Pleurothallis glossopogon is characterized by a large, sessile, oblong leaf borne

by a somewhat onger, stout ramicaul. The raceme arises from the base of the leaf

with a large, reclmtng spathe. The loosely flowered raceme eventually far surpasses

?- e . T ™" y 7 th se , ver f flowers °P en simultaneously, which suggest birds in

flight. The dorsal sepal is long-acuminate and free from the lateral sepals. The

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

109

lateral sepals are coherent into a narrowly ovate synsepal, but the sepals sometimes

part. The apices of the petals are long-attenuate and spreading. The lip, possibly

mimicking a caterpillar, is three-lobed with the middle lobe markedly fimbriate-

papillose. The uncinate basal lobes are conspicuous as they arch forward above the

basal third of the lip.

Pleurothallis sirene , a third specimen described simultaneously by Reichenbach,

is so closely related to P. glossopogon that they possibly represent merely varia¬

tions, differing only in the anterior lobe of the lip. This portion of the lip of P.

glossopogon is fimbriate-papillose, while in P sirene , it is slender, acute and only

minutely erose at the apex.

Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindi. in Paxton’s FI. Gard. 3: 133, 1852.

Ety.: From the Greek hemirhoda , “half rosy-red,” referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Restrepia vittata Lindi., J. Hort. Soc. 3: 314, 1848, not R vittata Lindi., 1838.

Ety.: From the Latin vittatus, “striped,” referring to the striped lip.

Syn.: Restrepia nuda Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenzeitung 20: 275, 1852.

Ety.: From the Latin nudus , “naked,” referring to the flower borne bare away from the leaf.

Syn.: Restrepia biflora Regel, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 4(4): 373, 1853.

Ety.: From the Latin biflorus , “with two flowers,” referring to the two flowers present.

Syn.: Restrepia vittata var. biflora Regel, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 4(6). 373, 1856.

Syn.: Pleurothallis nuda (Klotzsch) Rchb.f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 184, 1861.

Syn.: Humboldtia hemirhoda Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse^ Ramicauls dark putpie^, smooth,

stout, erect, 8-35 cm long, with a spotted, tubular sheath below the middle and 1-2 shorter sh “ ths at '

base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, sessile, 8-15 cm long, • crn w ' ,

below to the base. Inflorescence a succession of solitary flowers, borne from a reclining spathe■ -

long, at the base of the leaf; peduncle 5-8 mm long within the spathe, pedicel slender flexible sulrcrea

10-25 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, 5-10 mm long; ovary 5-10 mm long; J h '“

ish or greenish white, suffused or veined in red. membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal e. nano y

elliptical-ovate, acute, 20-30 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepa's connate m oan elhpm

calovate, acute, concave synsepal, 20-30 mm long, 7-9 mm wide 6-ve,ned; ■*»!

and veined in purple, elliptical in the basal fourth, denticu ate-fimbnate, w !' h ' he , a . P "’' m a ! 1 U ^ e | ' d l e 0 ^ e

acuminate, 18-25 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, l-veined; lip tnlobed, " 1 5 " 8 ’ tL'faUobTs on the

midlobe yellow, with 3-5 purple stripes, obovate, subacute, convex, lm n , accommo( j ate the

basal fourth, white, erect, broad, obtuse, an.rorse, the base sub.runcate, concave to accom»daiejte

column-foot, inflexibly attached to the tip of the column-foot, co umn purp ’ ’ ^ k concave

late at the apex. 2-3 mm long, the anther, rostellum and sttgma ventral, the foot short, th.ck, concave,

pedestal-like with the apex of the ovary.

COLOMBIA: Without collection data, flowered in cultivation by 7. Linden ^.-^“oa^enThXfype

vittata. K); without collection data, flowered in cultivat.on at St. Petersburg Botamcal Garden (holotype

near Caracas, flowered in ^

of Restrepia nuda: W); Cerro de Naigua.a, alt. 900- (W0 m./ A.Seyermark^IT ^EN^Awiu^.

Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, between Tremaria and ^siva ' £ Foldats 2893

J.A. Steyermark 105900 (AMES, VEN); same area

(VEN); same area, cultivated at El HatiUo, J “ ne l9 [£ podson. p Dodson & A. Him 15354

ECUADOR: Pastaza: near Mera, alt. 1250 m-J4 Oct. I ■ ■ „ Zam0 ra-Chinchipe: above

(MO). IMorona-Santiago: above Pangui, May 1992 ’ u , ’, 6f)Q z MOV K etwe en Loja and Za-

Valladolid, alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C LuerJ. Da,s,ron, e 1800

Pacayzapa, alt. 900 m, 10 Apr. 1973, J. Schuncke 5895 (N Y), /.epeiacio. y

m. May 1934, Klug 3634 (AMES, K. S). Cochabamba, alt. 700 m, 30

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: along abandoned old road from Vina

Jan. 1997, C. Luer. J. Luer. R. Vasquez. D. Ric & W. Teague 18336 (MO).

110

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Although widely distributed in the Andes, this handsome species is relatively

infrequent. It is recognizable even when out of flower. The stout ramicauls are

smooth and dark purple with a purple-spotted sheath below the middle. The stiff,

thick, dark purple leaf is more or less concave or conduplicate at the sessile base.

Large, widely expanded, single flowers, sometimes two simultaneously, are pro¬

duced on relatively long, flexible pedicels. The narrow dorsal sepal is free; the

laterals are connate into a scaphoid synsepal that is filled with the large, purple-

striped, fringed lip. Low, obtuse, marginal lobes are present above the base. The

petals are long-pointed above the fringed basal portion. Superficially, the flower

resembles one of a Restrepia, and it was described three times in that genus.

Pleurothallis medinae Luer & Portilla, sp nov.

Ety.: Named for Hugo Medina of Gualaceo, Ecuador, co-collector of this species.

Species haec P hemirhodae Lindl. affinis, sed labelli lobis basalibus anguste elongatis apice recur-

vis ciliatisque, et lobo mediano concavo glabro differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, shortly repent to caespitose; roots numerous, coarse. Ramicauls

stout, erect, 8-10 cm long, with a tubular sheath below the middle and 1-2 shorter sheaths at the base.

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, sessile, 8-9 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below to

the base. Inflorescence a succession of solitary flowers, borne from a reclining spathe 1.5-2 cm long, at

the base of the leaf; peduncle 5-6 mm long within the spathe; pedicel slender, 13-14 mm long; floral

bract thin, tubular, 7-9 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals light yellowgreen, membranous, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal free, elliptical, acute, 18 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an

elliptical, subacute, concave synsepal, 18 mm long, 8 mm wide, 6-veined; petals light yellow-green with

the apices light brown, elliptical in the basal third, serrate, with the apex acute, long-acuminate, 15 mm

long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip trilobed, 14 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, the midlobe yellow with the apical

alf suffused with dark purple, elliptical-obovate, obtuse, shallowly concave, glabrous (at most, cellular),

the lateral lobes on the basal fourth, yellow, erect, linear-oblong, antrorse, 5 mm long, with the apices

recurved and ciliate, the base subtruncate, inflexibly attached to the column-foot; column white, semi-

terete, denticulate at the apex, 4 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot short, thick,

concave, pedestal-like with the apex of the ovary.

ECUADOR . \1or° n a-Sa ntiago Sinai, near Macas, alt. 1200 m, collected by Hugo Medina and Ivan

lustM w! 9 "’ CUl " Vated at Ecua gcnera, A P r 2000, by J. Portilla 256 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer il-

This species is known only from one area in eastern Ecuador where it has been

recently discovered. It is similar to the well-known P. hemirhoda with a single

flower borne from a reclining spathe at the base of a leathery, elliptical leaf.

Although smaller, the sepals and petals are similar, but the lip is more similar to that

of the racemose species of the subgenus with long, antrorse, basal lobes.

Pleurothallis sirene Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 71, 1855.

Ely.: Named for Sirene , a Greek, mythological nymph in the form of birds.

Syn.: Humboldtia sirene Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis scapha Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 2: 162, 1874.

Ety.: From the Greek skaphe , “a small boat,” referring to the synsepal.

10-30 cm l^ne'wlth^rK 6 )' 11 S |f C ’ u P u P I lytiC ’ caes P itose ’ roots coarse. Ramicauls smooth, stout, erect,

pedicdslende^su^rect^Tonim lr^ me ff r0, ?u redini " g Spa ‘ he L5 - 3 cm long - a * the base of the >* aE

seDals Dumle hrnu/n a u ^ ora k racts Ohn, tubular, 5-10 mm long; ovary 8-10 mm long;

veins, membranous, glabrourthe^oTsll^pil fr^'nano'f ^ SUffUSed with pUrple ’ usually along the

8 mm wide 3-veined the u.1 , p free ’ narrow| y °vate, acute, acuminate, 30-45 mm long, 7-

10-11 mm wide 6-veined netul.!^ S < j° nnate mt0 30 . ova,e ’ acute > concave synsepal, 30-45 mm long,

denticulate with the anex acute In UCent ’‘ n P ur Ple» elliptical in the basal fifth, minutely

acute entire to minutelv dentin., .u d ’ 3 mm ong ’ ^ mm Wl <l e . the midlobe narrowly ovate,

minutely denticulate at the apex, the lateral lobes above the base, narrowly oblong, ob-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

111

tuse, curved, antrorse, 5-6 mm long, the base subtruncate, hinged to the base of the column-foot; column

green, short, semiterete, 3 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot short, thick, pubes¬

cent, pedestal-like with the apex of the ovary.

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: old dept, of Ocafla, San Pedro, alt. 7,000 ft.. Mar., H. Wagener 558

(Holotype: W, fragment: K); La Baja, Dec. 1848, L. Schlim 21 (W). Cundinamarca: Sueva Valley,

west of Junin, alt. 2400 m, 21 Apr. 1944, M.L. Grant 9099 (US). Valle del Cauca: Buga, Finca La

Palerma, west of El Placer, alt. 2300 m, 13 Sept. 1991,/? Silverstone-Sopkin & J. Girardo 6383 (CUVC,

MO). Without collection data, flowered in cultivation by J. Day 358 (holotype of P. scapha: W), as P

biserrula y cultivated by W. Bull, 1881, figured in Gard. Chron. 1881, and Bot. Mag. 7431 (K).

VENEZUELA: Trujillo: Bocono-Guaramacal road, alt. 7,000 ft., July 1962, G.C.K. Dunsterville 715.

This spectacular species is relatively frequent in parts of the Eastern Cordillera

of Colombia and adjacent Venezuela, and infrequent in the central and western cor-

dilleras of Colombia. It is closely related to P. glossopogon Rchb.f., differing only

in the anterior lobe of the lip. This portion of the lip of P. glossopogon is thickened

and markedly fimbriate-papillose; in P. sirene , it is slender, acute, and only minute-

ly denticulate.

Pleurothallis talpinarioides Garay & Dunst., Venez. Orch. Ill. 6. 368, 1976.

Ety.: Named for a supposed resemblance to Pleurothallis talpinaria Rchb.t.

Plan, medium to large in size, epiphytic,caespi.ose; roots

erect. 8-11 cm long, with a minutely spotted, tubular sheath below the middle and 1-2 shorter sheaths^at

the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, petiolate, 10- - cm ong- . , ers

below to a more or less twisted petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence a succession of solnarynowcrs.

borne from an erect spathe 10-18 mm long, at the apex of the ramicau . I* u " _ . ovar y 6

the spathe; pedicel slender, suberect. 10-20 mm long; floral bracts thl ">'“ bu

mm long; sepals rose-white, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepa r , e i|j Dt j C al-ovate sub-

acuminate, filiform,13 mm long, 3 mm wide. 3 -veined; lip dark pu^e. «M»L [ 12-14 mm long^Z mm

wide, 2.5 mm deep, 3 mm wide across expanded basal lobes, t e mi ° base , he basa ) | 0 bes on

the sides thick, revolute into a tube, the margins m,nut ^ y dentlC V 3 t concave to accommodate the

the basal fifth portion, erect, broad, obtuse, antrorse, the base su . 2 mm long, the

column-foot, hinged to the base of the column-foot; column purple short.^nuterete^ « g

anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot short, thick, pe es

VENEZUELA: Tachira: Cerro de la Mina, near Santana, alt. ca. 1500 rn, collected b> R Mejia.

1972, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1224 (Holotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr.

Although named for a mistaken belief that it is similar to ^cIZZavw-

species is little more than a small. a octets in southeast¬

er ——

to Pleurothallis hemirhoda. . n habit with

Pleurothallis ,alpinarioide, diffets ftom P ,en,ac*l« a in . sma ller M with

smaller flowere. Instead of the lea.es being cuneate and sess.le ot subsessile, the

leaves are petiolate with the petiole more or less twiste

Pleurot ha llis t.nta.ttlata (Poepp. & E»".).U*. Cmft**. Mag. 2: 354. 1836.

Syn.: Humboldtia tentaculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2. 668 ,

, . e, Q g» cn ifn«;e - roots slender. Ramicauls smooth, stout, erect.

Plant medium to large in size, , ep,p . hy ow the Middle and 1-2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf

10-30 cm long, with a spotted, tubular sheath belo cm j , 5.3 cm w jde, cuneate below

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, sessile to su § bome from a rec lining spathe 1 - 2.5 cm long,

to the base. Inflorescence a succession of solitary L ^icel slender, flexible, suberect, 30 mm

at the base of the leaf; peduncle 5 mm long within the spathe, pedicel

112

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

long; floral bracts thin, tubular, 5-10 mm long; ovary 10-13 mm long; sepals white with minute, red dots

along the veins, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal free, narrowly elliptical-ovate, acute, 25-35 mm

long, 5-6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an elliptical-ovate, acute, concave synsepal,

25-35 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent, edged and veined in purple, elliptical in the

basal fifth, minutely denticulate, with the apex acute, long-acuminate, filiform, 25-31 mm long, 3 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip dark purple, trilobed, 26-30 mm long, 3 mm wide, the midlobe narrowly fusiform,

acute, with the sides thick, revolute into a tube, the margins minutely denticulate, the lateral lobes on the

basal fifth, erect, broad, obtuse, antrorse, the base subtruncate, concave to accommodate the column-foot,

hinged to the base of the column-foot; column purple, short, semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 5 mm

long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot short, thick, concave, pedestal-like with the apex

of the ovary.

PERU: Huanuco: near Pampayacu and Cuchero, 1830, E. Poeppig tab. 59 (Holotype: W); Selvo Ucaya¬

li, alt. 1400 m, Nov. 1998, A.P. Sijmetal. 271298 (MO), C. Luerillustr 19331.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 17

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, P. & A. Jesup 13959 (MO).

Although widely distributed in the Andes and locally abundant, this species is

uncommonly encountered. It is closely related to Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl.; it

is not at all related to P. talpinaria. The ramicauls are smooth with a purple-dotted

sheath below the middle. The stiff, thick leaf is more or less concave or condu-

plicate at the sessile base. Large, widely expanded, single flowers, sometimes two

or three simultaneously, are produced on relatively long, flexible pedicels. The

sepals are white, minutely dotted with red along the veins. The narrow dorsal sepal

is free, the laterals are connate into a scaphoid synsepal within which lies the dark

purple, tubular lip. Low, obtuse, marginal lobes are present above the base. The

petals are long-pointed above the basal portion. The flower is very similar to that of

P hemirhoda , differing mainly in the lip with the sides revolute into a tube.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALUS

113

114

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

115

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES IN

SUBGENUS RESTREPIOIDEA

Humboldtia biserrula 108

glossopogon 108

hemirhoda 109

insignis 108

sirene 110

tentaculata 111

Myoxanthus hystrix 105

reymondii 105

Pleurothallis 105, 106

subgen. Ancipitia 105

subgen. Elongatia 105

subgen. Restrepioidia 105, 106, 107

sect. Elongatae 105

sect. Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae 105

sect. Restrepioideae 105, 106, 107

sect. Racemosae 105, 106, 107

Pleurothallis birchenallii 106, 108

biserrula 105, 106, 108

bogotensis 105

crocodiliceps 105

filifera 105

fustifera 106, 107 , Fig. 1.

glossopogon 105, 106, 107, 108 , 109, 111,

Fig. 2,3.

Pleurothallis gratiosa 105

hemirhoda 105, 106, 107,109,110, 111,

112, Fig. 4.

hoppii 106, 108

insignis 106, 108

medinae 105,106, 107,110, Fig. 5.

nuda 106,109

phalangifera 105

restrepioides 105

scapha 106

sirene 105,106,107,109,110,111.

Fig. 6.

talpinaria 111,112

talpinarioides 106, 107, 111, Fig. 7.

tentaculata 105, 106, 107, 111, Fig. 8.

vittata 105

Restrepia 105,110

Restrepia biflora 109

nittiorhyncha 105

nuda 109

tentaculata 105,111

vittata 105, 109

var. biflora 109

REFERENCES

Lindley. J., 1842. Pleurothallis. Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: Misc: 67-84.

1859. Folia Orchidacea Pleurothallis 20, 33. • D a ic\ i\

Luer.C.,7986. Systematics of Pleurothallis. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20. 70-71.

Reichenbach, H.G.f., 1855. Bonplandia 3: 71.

117

ADDENDA TO LEPANTHES, MASDEVALLIA, PLATYSTELE,

PLEUROTHALLIS, RESTREPIOPSIS, SCAPHOSEPALUM AND TEAGUELA

ABSTRACT

The following species of Lepanthes Sw., Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., Platystele

Schltr., Pleurothallis R.Br., Restrepiopsis Luer, and Teagueia Luer are added to

the genera already revised in previous numbers of leones Pleurothallidinarum.

New species:

Lepanthes curiosa Luer

Lepanthes ingridiana Luer & Portilla

Lepanthes pendula Luer & Jost

Lepanthes rosoria Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes tetrachaeta Luer & Jost

Masdevallia burianii Luer& Dalstrdm

Masdevallia calosiphon Luer

Masdevallia formosa Luer & Cloes

Masdevallia immensa Luer

Masdevallia juan-albertoi Luer & Arias

Masdevallia karineae Nauray ex Luer

Masdevallia marizae Luer& Rolando

Masdevallia nikoleana Luer & Portilla

Masdevallia prolixa Luer

Masdevallia venus Luer & Hirtz

Platystele bernoullii Luer

Pleurothallis ankyloglossa Luer & Hirtz

Pleurothallis drewii Luer

Pleurothallis driessenii Luer

Pleurothallis knappii Luer

Pleurothallis lappacea Luer

Pleurothallis possoae Luer

Restrepiopsis niesseniae Luer

Scaphosepalum medinae Luer & Portilla

Teagueia alyssana Luer & Jost

Teagueia cymbisepala Luer & Jost

Teagueia jostii Luer

Teagueia sancheziae Luer & Jost

The following five species raise the number of species of the genus Lepanthes

known in Ecuador to 320. The figures are numbered in continuation from leones

Pleurothallidinarum-/ 8.

‘TSSSw—,,

Plama parva. racemo law sapra

dorsali late ovato acuminato, lateralibus circite p ^ pinnoato lateribus recurvis, petalis

« appendice subquadrata in sinu

suspensa cum processu bifido distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, ^'^"^Lf^c^coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse fo

enclosed by 7-8 minutely ciliate, lepan i or • ^ , |0-|3 mm WK je, the base broadly

rounded at the apex, 22-26 long '" C “ ; ^florescence a lax, subflexuous, successively several-

cuneate to rounded, contracted into the pel' 0 _ slender peduncle 3-5 cm long; floral

to many-flowered raceme up to a. leas 16 ™ ' o ; g n ^"^Ung above; ovary 1.75 mm long; sepals

bracts acuminate, 2.5 mm long; pedicels 5-6 g.^ ® , broadly 0 vate-triangular. concave,

red-brown with yellow stripes al O"g*he ^ j ^ onnate l0 the lateral sepals for 2.5 mm, the later-

obtuse, acuminate, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, 3

118

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

al sepals connate into an ovate synsepal, 14.5 mm long, 8.5 mm wide, 4-veined, concave below the

middle, convex near the middle, the apical half acuminate into a pair of I - 1.5 mm wide tails that are

connate to within 3 mm of the tips; petals yellow, transversely bilobed, pubescent 1 25 mm lone 4 5

mm wide, the lobes suboblong, obtuse, the upper lobe 1.5 mm long, the lower lobe 3 mm long; lip

orange-brown, bilaminate, the laminae microscopically pubescent, ciliate at the apex, elliptical, 2 mm

long, the bases and apices rounded, the connecti ves and body broad, connate to the base of the column,

t e sinus obtuse, appendix suspended by nearly invisible membrane, subquadrate, with a central forked

process; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR; Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encucntros, alt. 1800 m. collected

by J. Portilla, cultivated at Gualaceo, Nov. 1999, A. Him 7125 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19347.

This species is characterized by the small habit with elliptical, obtuse leaves that

are far surpassed by successively flowering, flexuous racemes. The dorsal sepal is

broadly ovate and acuminate. The lateral sepals are deeply connate into a synsepal

that is concave below the middle, convex near the middle, and with the distal third

narrowed with revolute sides. A similar configuration is found in L. katleri and L.

nycteris , as well as a few others. The petals are transversely oblong with the lower

lobe longer. Suspended from the sinus, the appendix bears upon its anterior surface

a minute, forked appendage.

Lepanthes ingridiana Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Ingrid Portilla, wife of Jose Portilla.

nv,., P Jr a mediocris ’ ‘"lorescentia racemosa folio elliptico acuminato breviore sepalis angustissime

ZisHZZZ “^dif: tranSV , erSe '" 0b,S glabris - labelli elltpUcisglabris^connec-

corporeve lads cum appendice triangular! obtusa biglandulosa distinguitur.

enclosed Vy 1 *-1Oci'natef'lenanthT'*" Ca f pit ° se; , r °° tS ^"der. Ramicaulsstout, erect, 3-7 cm long,

acuminate 3 5 5 s cm in’ P 1 ^ sheaths - Leaf erect > coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, slightly

to rounded, contracted into tietfio^ 3 ' 4 T ‘ 0ng ’ ' ' 5 ' 2 cm wide - * he base broadly cuneate

least 5 mm long, borne by a slender peduncle'lTcm ton^fl SUC . C ® ss,vely few ; n ° w ered raceme up to at

cels 1.5 mm lone- ovarv 3 mm inn« P n n g; fl ° raI bracts acumm ate, 2.5 mm long; pedi-

acute, long-attenuate 30 mm lone ? 4 se f als entire , th e dorsal sepal narrowly ovate,

lateral seplls narrowly ovaTe dbhque sepals for 1 """• the

nate 4 mm; petals transverselv hilnh.-H „i„k ’ ^ a ten , uate , 32 mm lon g> 3.5 mm wide, 2-veined, con-

lar, the upper lobe slightly larger; lip bdammate ihTT ° ng ’ 3 'Ir mm W ' de ’ ' he lobeS oblic l ue| y trian gu-

and apices narrowly rounded the ’ A u am ' nae elliptical, glabrous, 2 mm long, the bases

sinus filled roK "r “ dbody broad - <o the base of the column, the

anther dorsal, the st.gma^mral W X ’ b ' glandular “ ,he apex; column • 1 3 mm long, the

ceo. Nov. by J - Portilla , cultivated at Guala-

This species is characterized by a medium-sized plant with a rather stout rami-

sivel y^few7owtrri eath ‘%? e H Pe duncle is shorter than the leaf with a succcs-

siveiy tew-flowered raceme of slender, yellow flowers with long-attenuated senals

about three cent.meters long. The petals are small and the bladTsTthe iXe

glabrous. The append, is obtusely triangular with a mmute pair oHobut at the

Lepanthes pendula Luer & Jost, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin pendutus, "pendent,” referring to the habit.

Planta mediocris pendula, inflorescemia __„„ - .

sepalis late ovatis denticulatis in cupulam semiconnatis wt*! 8 '? 5 '™ f ° lK> ellip,ico acuminato breviore,

longiciliatis ellipticis. connectivis c °^ rcv *latis > sim| t crMso prot^te^tTsubbMobo di^inpuhur!' * am ' n ' S

8 cm long, enclosed by I i-l^^inutdy^Hia^’iepamhifo^ *tamicauls slender, more or less pendent,

elliptical, acute, acuminate, 7 cm long Including the *1™ sbea,hs l eaf Pendent, thinly coriaceous,

contracted into the petiole.’ .nno^Vncd atn n.Tn^dL^ '° ng ' 2 Cm Wide ’ ,he base —ate.

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

119

cm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals peach yellow, suf¬

fused with orange, crested along the veins externally, the margins minutely denticulate, the dorsal sepal

transversely ovate, obtuse, concave, 6 mm long, 8 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, connate to the lateral

sepals for 3 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, subacute, connate 2.5 mm into a bifid synsepal, 4 mm long, 8

mm wide together, each 2-veined; petals yellow, transversely bilobed, finely long-villous, 0.8 mm long.

2.6 mm wide, the lobes obliquely triangular, the upper lobe slightly larger; lip yellow, suffused with

salmon, bilaminate, the laminae elliptical, long-ciliate, 2 mm long, the bases and apices narrowly obtuse,

the connectives and body broad, connate to the base of the column, the sinus thickened, protuberant,

slightly bilobed; column terete, 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: Reserva Otonga, near Las Pampas, alt. 2200 m, Feb. 2000, L Jost 1831 (Holo-

type: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19342.

This species is characterized by a pendent, elliptical, acuminate leaf and a short¬

er, pendent, congested inflorescence. Two flowers are often produced simultane¬

ously. The broad sepals are connate into a concave, suborbicular flower. The

small, transverse petals are long-villous, and the blades of the lip are finely long-

ciliate. The body is thick and broad with a broad, protruding sinus in place of an

appendix.

Lepanthes rosoria Luer & Hirtz

Ety.: Anagram of the Latin sororius , “sisterly,” alluding to the similarity to L. aunculata.

Species haec L. auriculatae Luer affinis, sed petalorum lobis convexis introrsis, labelli lamims

reniformibus concavis, et corpore latissimo cum appendice parva pubescenti distinguitur.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect 22-28 cm long * ncl ““ d

by 12-13 ribbed, glabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, eHiptical-ovate^acueacu-

minate, 10-11 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, the base broadly cuneate or roundedjontracted into a P^k 6-7

mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many- owe raceme up •

borne behind the leaf by a slender peduncle 3-4.5 cm long; floral bracts oblique 2 mmi long. pM I

mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals dark yellow, entire, the dorsal sepal ov«e«*. <£«" ££“

mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the latera sepa ... j. „i a k rous 2 mm

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, connate 2 mm, 2-veined; petals orange, transverse y roun( j e( j en( j s the

long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lobes an.rorse, convex obliquely ,r ' a "^ n ^ h el Xous ren^onr.

upper lobe twice larger than the lower lobe; lip orange, bilarnina e, cnnnale 10 the base of the

concave, 1.5 mm long, the connectives broadly oblique, the body ^“nnme.o the ba e of he

column, the sinus transverse, the appendix small, pubescent; column red, stout, terete, 1.5 mm long,

anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Romerillos by Zamora, alt. 1200 m, cultivated in Quito, Nos

Hirtz 6693 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19350.

This large species is similar to L. auriculata vegetatively «k| 1 flora 1 y, but^the

flowers differ with broad, convex lobes of the pert, that bend inward instead of

cuneate lobes that bend outward. The blades of the Up are longitu^lly concave

but not deeply and broadly so. The body is also broad with a small append.x, but it

is not protruding.

Lepanthes tetrachaeta Luer & J°s^P “®Y e . he of the petals and lip.

Ety, From the Greek ,e,rac„aete. “four ha,*, -^gtoth , 0 „ g icauda«is e,

Species haec L. nematostele Luer & Dalstrom persimilis, sed labelli lam »

appendice tenuissime membranacea difTert.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots OTnacrous^broadly elliptical-suborbicu-

by 7-8 long-ciliate-pubescent, Icpanthifomi rfiea [he pe tio | e ca . I mm long, 8-10 mm wide,

lar, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 11-15 * e an erecUoose, successively several-nowered

the base round, contracted mm the petiolle _lIn 5 cm | ong; fl ora | bract ciliate, 1.5 mm long,

raceme up to 4 cm long including the slender pe - CQncave cres ted along the veins external-

pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 3 mm long, flowers dar , P 2 $ mm wjde unexpan ded, the lateral

ly, the margins erose, the dorsal sepal ovoid, * c • _ h d g ’ sa) sepa i, 5 mm long, 3.75 mm wide

sepals connate 4 mm into an ovoid synsepal similar to the aorsa, P

120

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

expanded, the apices subacute, free for 1 mm; petals transversely bilobed, long-villous on the back

surface, 1.25 mm long, 5 mm wide, the upper lobe short, semicircular, the lower lobe triangular, acute,

long-acuminate; lip bilaminate, the laminae glabrous, thin, oblong, 2 mm long, the bases subacutely

angled, the apices acute, acuminate into slender tails 1 mm long, the connectives and body broad, con¬

nate to the column near the apex, the appendix broadly triangular, concave, thinly membranous, ciliate;

column proportionately very long and very slender, 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Napo: near Volcan Reventador, alt. 1900 m, 14 Dec. 1999, L. Jost & A. Souther 1806

(Holotype: MO),C. Luer illustr. 19341.

This strange species from northcentral Ecuador is very similar to L. nematostele

from northernmost Ecuador in every aspect except the lip which differs markedly.

The blades of the lip are thin and narrowly oblong, not adherent over the column,

and the apices are acuminate into equally long, slender tails, not broadly rounded

and ciliate. The blades are very similar to those of L ictalurus Luer. The appendix

is a thin, concave, ciliated, netlike membrane formed from the lower margins of the

blades.

Masdevallia burianii Luer & Dalstrom, sp. nov.

Ety.. Named for Rick Burian, of Portland, OR, co-collector of this species.

Species haec M. calocodon Luer affinis, sed foliis acutis longissime petiolatis, floribus minoribus,

petalorum processu basali crasso incurvato, et labello tricarinato differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls black, slender, erect, 2.5-3.5

cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-pe-

tiolate, 9-14 cm long including the black petiole 4-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute to subacute, 1.5-2

cm wide cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a peduncle 9 cm long,

with a sheath above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 12 mm long; pedicel 20 mm long;

ovary - mm ong sepals white, spotted with purple, subcarinate, glabrous externally, shortly pubescent

within, the dorsal sepal oblong, concave, 13 mm long, 10 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex obtuse, contract¬

ed into a slender tail 4-5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse, 15 mm long, 9 mm wide, 3-

. Ca ‘ 5 0V f r 3 transverse convexity, the apices contracted into slender tails similar to

»r n?w e S u P ? ; * C * r ! ,,aginous ’ more or ,ess ob 'o"g, obliquely acute at the apex, the label-

^ margin callous below the middle and ending in a thick, obtuse, incurved process, 8 mm long, 2.5 mm

c^ ;r^ P ob,on ^ arcuate be,ow the middle, 7.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, the apex broadly trun-

r °J^ n81t u din ^ CaMl fr0m base t0 apex ’ and a mid,ine ca,,ous above the midd,e ’

^ bCnea i h and l0 ° Se,y hinged t0 the column-foot; column stout, 6 mm long, the

foot equally long with an incurved extension, the anther and stigma ventral.

Burial^2^1 mr ° ad t0 Tab ' as ’ alt '500 m, Dec. 1999, 5. Dalstrom. J. Sonnemark & R.

Burian 2415 (Holotype: MO; Isotype:); C. Luer illustr. 19280.

Intermixed with numerous plants of M. calocodon Luer, several plants of this

closely a lied M. burianii were found. The leaves are long-petiolate and the flowers

are smaller. The pubescence within the flowers varies in length and color, from

purple to white. The angle between the lateral sepals is subacute to obtuse, while in

M. calocodon the angle is transverse. The basal process of the petals is thick, ob¬

tuse, retrorse and incurved in M. burianii , while in M. calocodon , it is small and

descending. The lip of M. burianii is oblong and distinctly tricallous

Masdevall,a burianii is also similar to M. tinekae Luer & Vasquez which also

nroTeinTth y ’ 1“, T'T™ W “ h ** column - foot » larger in the latter and the

process of the petal is slender and antrorse.

Masdevallia calosiphon Luer, sp. nov

Ely: From the Greek calosiphon, “a beautifi.1 tube,” referring to the sepaline tube

cum n^is fu^atfram^acis,et l ^telomm^losine^'r(Kessocrasso^«rors(fdfffert >re aurant ' aco

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

121

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1.5-2

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 7-11 cm long including

the petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 1-1.5 cm wide, the base narrow¬

ly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 4-6 cm

long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 9-10 mm long; pedicel 15-20

mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals light orange, striped along the veins in darker orange and lightly

veined red, pubescent within near the apex, glabrous externally, the dorsal sepal narrowly linear-obovate,

concave, 21 mm long, 7 mm wide expanded at the orifice of the tube, connate to the lateral sepals for 16

mm to form a suberect, sepaline tube, constricted in the distal quarter, the apex broadly obtuse, contract¬

ed into an erect, orange tail 14 mm long, slightly swollen in the middle third, the lateral sepals 20 mm

long, connate 15 mm, 5 mm wide beyond the tube, the obtuse apices contracted into tails similar to that

of the dorsal sepal; petals yellowish white, oblong, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex obtuse, obscurely

lobed, with a longitudinal carina along the labellar margin terminating at the base; lip white, elliptical-

obovate, 4.5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the sides slightly dilated above the middle, the apex narrowly

obtuse, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, hinged

beneath; column semiterete, white with thin, purple margins, 4 mm long, the foot I mm long, with a

slender, incurved extension.

PERU: Huanuco: cloud forest between Tingo Maria and Pucallpa, by an unknown collector, cultivated

at Colomborquideas near Medellin, Colombia, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer /d707(Holotype: MO).

This species is apparently endemic in one area of central Peru where it is occa¬

sionally collected. The watercolor painting of M. calosiphon by Frl. Trechslin was

misidentifled in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum 7: 2, 1986, as M.fuchsii. Being unfa-

miliar with the true M.fuchsii, Koniger redescribed a subsequent collection of M.

fuchsii as M. saulii.

The two species are closely related, but readily separated by the smaller, more

slender, proportionately longer, orange-striped, sepaline tube of M. calosiphon. The

terminal expanse of the ostium of the tube of the latter is about one-third the length

of the tube, while the broadly expanded ostium of M.fuchsii is about half the length

of the tube that is white and only lightly suffused with orange at the base.

The callus of the petal of M. calosiphon is thin and ends obtusely at the base,

while the callus of M.fuchsii is thick and ends in a prominent, incurved process.

The lips are simple. The distorted apex illustrated for M. saulii is probably an arti-

fact.

Masdevallia formosa Luer & Cloes, sp. nov. f th , t

Ety: From the Latin formosus. “handsome,” refemng to the pleasing appearance of the plant.

Inter species subsec.ionis Oscillates, sepalo dorsali supra medium ^“^‘jX^tbTstupra

flexa, petalis latis subtruncatis processu ad bas.m tnangulan retrorso. et labello tnlobo. sup

medium obtusis antrorsis distinguitur.

Plan, medium in size for the subsection, epiphytic. ^naTO^tiouS «t

stout, erect, 1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 dark tubu mu^ s eatht^ abruptly ’ contractcd int0 the petiole

blade elliptical, obtuse, 3.5 cm long, 2 cm wide, cun , . erect peduncle 3 cm long, with a

1.2-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, ^peduncle j^ g . 7 mm

bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul, flora rac , ong< 15 mm wide con nate

long; sepals pale yellow-orange, the dor f sepa ’ ^ concave an d cucullate above the middle, the

to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a shaMow gap g p, taj| 33 mm | ong> the lateral sepals

apex obtuse, decurved, abruptly contracted 1 L 15 1 long, 20 mm wide, the transverse apices

oblong, connate 13 mm into a subquadrate lam ^ ^5 8 ^ yeMow broad|y O blong. 4

contracted into tails 30 mm long, similar to that ^bed^he labellar margin curved with a

mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex su ’ . , nrocess lip light orange-brown, with brown

marginal callus terminating int0 ^ t j' ick ’ 1 ^ t ^; e wit h a decurved midline callus, the lateral, winglike

dots, oblong-tnlobed, the apical lobe subquadrat 4 mm , ong 2 .75 mm wide across the

lobes above the middle, obtuse, antrorse. mic P ^ jtudina| cam on the midd | e th j r d, the base

wings, the disc elevated from the base, becom g pa f proportionately large, 5 mm long, 2

concave beneath, hinged from within; column yellow, semuere .f i~

mm wide, the foot thick, 1 mm long, with an incurved extension.

122

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PERU: Amazonas: between Pomacochas and Rio Ripa, collected and cultivated in Hasselt, Belgium, by

P. Cloes 200 104 (Holotype: MO).

Among the species of subsection Oscillantes, this species is distinguished by the

pale peach-colored flower with an erect dorsal sepal that is hooded or concave

above the middle with the tail acutely reflexed. The lateral sepals are connate into a

broad, suborbicular lamina that is abruptly contracted into a pair of descending tails.

The petals, column and lip are exposed and erect in the center of the flower. The

basal process of the petals is obliquely triangular and retrorse. The lip is trilobed

above the middle, with the lobes wing-like, broadly triangular, obtuse and antrorse.

The disc is convex through the basal two-thirds, and deeply concave beneath,

Masdevallia immensa Luer, sp. nov.

Ety: From the Latin immensus , “immense,” referring to the huge size of the flower.

Inter species subsectionis Caudatae , habitu floreque grandissimis, sepalis ebumeis longicaudatis,

petalorum callo crasso, et labello ovato cum callo parvo distinguitur.

Plant large for the subsection, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls blackish, slender,

erect, 1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 8-10 cm long

including the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3 cm wide, the base cuneate

into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 10-13 cm long, with

a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 15 mm long; pedicel 20 mm long; ovary 10

mm long, sepals ivory white to milky white, lightly suffused with pale brown above the base, cellular-

glandular within, glabrous externally, the dorsal sepal elliptical-obovate, concave, 31 mm long, 18 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a shallow, gaping cup, the apex broadly rounded,

abruptly contracted into an erect, light yellow tail 75 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, 27 mm long, 15

mm wide, connate 4 mm, the obtuse apices contracted into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals

white, oblong 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex truncate-tridentate, with a thick, longitudinal carina

a ong the labellar margin terminating in a thick, retrorse, rounded process beyond the base; lip white,

elliptical-ovate, 7 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, the apex rounded with a small, midline, purple callus, the

disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base subcordate, hinged beneath;

column semiterete, white, 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, with a slender, incurved extension.

^ R ? 0 Q l 8 Uail | UC0 c ! oudfore! ; t between Ti "go Maria and Pucallpa, La Divisoria, alt. 1800 m, collected

July 1998, cultivated at Hasselt, Belgium, Patrick Cloes 990 214 (Holotype: MO); C. Luer illustr. 19056.

This species is one of the largest known in the subsection Caudatae. Although

it is closely related to M. aops, the huge size immediately distinguishes it. Besides

eing larger, the leaves are elliptical, while those of M. aops are broadly elliptical to

nearly suborbicular. Although the flowers answer nearly the same description

except for dimensions, the appearance is distinctive. The dorsal sepal of both

species is concave, but that of M. aops is deeply concave only above the middle.

The lateral sepals of both species are more or less reflexed, but the angle between

them is obtuse in M. aops and acute in M. immensa.

Masdevallia juan-albertoi Luer & Arias, sp. nov.

Ely.: Named for Juan Alberto Arias, son of Manuel Arias of Lima, Peru.

brevioreH^tMlis^ninennlinei^^^^^^^ habi ' U e * n ° re 8 randibus ’ Pedunculo folio longipetiolato

sitSeS, So Znd T cam P anulifo ™ e "’ "tento connatis, petalorum callo cras-

simimo retrorso, labello grand, supra medtum angustato apice recurvato distinguitur

1 oose^' mbu'l sheath* an d *2 otheSLSe^Leaf eS"* 111 - St ° U ‘’ T*' 5 ‘ ? Cm l0n8, enclosed b y a

base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracM2 mm lonrpedlcd'IsT^Zr^ # "S T **

TmldS^

a uiucui s»ynsepai, ZD mm long, 34 mm wide, 6-veined, with a deep

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

123

mentum below the column-foot, the apices obtuse, contracted into slender tails 3 cm long, petals cartila¬

ginous, more or less oblong, obliquely obtuse at the apex, the labellar margin callous, ending in a thick,

obtuse, retrorse process, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, 1 -veined; lip suboblong, 14 mm long expanded. 6.5

mm wide, the apex broadly truncate with the acute tip acutely recurved, the disc featureless, the base

truncate, thickened beneath and loosely hinged to the extension of the column-foot; column stout, 9 mm

long, the foot equally long with an incurved extension, the anther and stigma ventral.

PERU: Ayacucho: Huanta, Chuyas, alt. 2300 m, collected by Silvano Flores, cultivated in Lima, Oct.

1999, by M. Arias s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19360.

Among the species of subsection Masdevallia , this species is another related to

the variable M. laevis, which had been identified in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum-\5

as M. affinis, one of its synonyms. Masdevallia juan-albertoi is distinguished by

the large habit and large, brown-flecked flower with a prominent mentum. The

petals are large with a thick, retrorse process at the base. The lip is also large with a

constriction below the apex.

Masdevallia karineae Nauray ex Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Karine, daughter of Abel Rodriguez, of Cuzco, Peru.

Planta mediocris, foliis anguste elliptis longipetiolatis P edu " cul °.^

chromo jllo M tinekeae Luer & Vasquez similis, sepalis roseis infra medium ntense purpureo macu aus

cum area magna aufea ex.us, sepalis caudalis laieralibus ad medium = cum mentum rolundum,

petalis cum callo supra basim uncinato, el labello oblongo cum ap.ce recurvo distinguilur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots stout Ramicauls^eouTtatSiolaW.'llS

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and another at the base. * e ’ , 2 cm wide narrowly

cm long including the petiole ca. 3 cm long, the blade facie s.TcmTonr^* a

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a s°h> ar y pedicel 14 mm long; ovary 5

sheath above the base, from low on the ramicaul, flora with nurole below the middle

mm long, green, spotted with purple; sepals rosy w ^ ^ midd ie, with purple hairs near

within, glabrous externally with a large orange an=a external ly bel owthe^ ^ ^ ^ g mm ^ 3 .

the margin, either spiculate in rosettes or clubbed, nnm]e _JL te( j ta j| 16-18 mm long, connate to the

veined, the apex round, contracted into an erect, green, p rp - po 14 mm long, 8 mm wide, 3-

lateral sepals for 7 mm, the lateral sepals oblong-ova , 9 * ’ 0 f the dorsal sepal; petals

veined, connate 7 mm, the apices contracted into reflexeUbellar margin

white, cartilaginous, more or less oblong, minute y nr0 cess at the base, 6.5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm

with a longitudinal callous terminating in a retrorse, un p bu , acute | y reC urved, the disc

wide, I-veined; lip oblong, 7.5 mm long, 4 mm column stout. 6 mm

shallowly sulcate, the base truncate, thickened tenealh ;. h '"« . d '°'^"ventral,

long, the foot equally long with an incurved extension, the anther and stigma

PERU; Cuzco: Urubamba, Wiftay Wayna, alL 2700 m, ^ thou ^*^ inTuufvlti^nby A^AI fieri in

same area, collected I. Rolando, and A Alfieri, UcL I vvv

Wilmington, DE, 19 Jan. 2000, C. Luer 19311 (Paratype. MO).

Thts spectes was first

colored. It is borne on a pednncle about as ong ^ # broad sepa i ine tube with a

sepals are rosy white and con " ate prese nt below the middle exter-

broadly rounded mentum. A large, o g P and irregu i a rly spotted with

nally. Within, the sepals arepubcscenLandmt y g four kinds of

purple below the middle. ^^Zlr celfs; some are erect,

purple hairs are present.^omearp d ^ sometimes the hairs

slender hairs; sometimes the hairs are g petals The

are markedly clubbed. An uncinate callus is present at the base of the petals.

lip is simply oblong with an acutely recurved apex.

124

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia marizae Luer & Rolando, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Mariza Rolando, wife of Isaias Rolando, of Lima, Peru.

Species haec M. decumanae Koniger affinis, sed habitu majore, pedunculo multilongiore et labello

ovoideo convexo differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots stout. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2 5-3 5 cm long

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous long-

petiolate, 8-10 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 3 cm wide

narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a peduncle 12 cm

ong, with a sheath above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 10 mm long; pedicel 15 mm

long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals pale rose, diffusely and intensely dotted with purple, the dots becoming

minute toward the apices, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 14 mm long, 12 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex

round, contracted into a yellow-green, forwardly directed tail 4.5 cm long, connate to the lateral sepals

for 6 mm, the lateral sepals spreading, oblong, oblique, obtuse, 28 mm long, 15 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate 12 mm, the apices contracted into tails 3-4 cm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals

white cartilaginous, more or less oblong, obtuse, shallowly retuse, the labellar margin with a longitudin-

al callous terminating in a retrorse process at the base, 4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip rose,

diffusely dotted with purple, ovate-ovoid, convex, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the disc

4 mm7n y “Jw ’ o base , rounded - ' hickened beneath ’ hinged t0 the column-foot; column white, stout,

4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with an incurved extension, the anther and stigma ventral.

Ra^m WMmL? mb n^' 7 C M leC 0 AaA R °' and °' and A - Alf,eri - Oct. 1999, flowered in cultivation by M.

Sanctuarv of Mach p \ Luer 19281 ^ olo,y P e: MO h lower elevations of the Historic

sanctuary of Machu Ptcchu, Jan. 2000, Norma Salinas s.n. (MO).

This species appears similar to M. decumana, but it is readily distinguished from

t e latter by the larger habit and long peduncle that extends the flower beyond the

tips of the leaves. The flowers are similar with a dorsal sepal about half the length

of broad lateral sepals. The sepals are similarly diffusely dotted with purple, but

they are not as widely expanded as in M. decumana. Instead of subquadrate and

tlat, the lip of M. merizae is ovoid and convex.

Masdevallia nikoleana Luer & Portilla, sp. nov.

Ety; Named for Nikole, daughter of Jose Portilla, of Gualaceo, Ecuador.

rotum^^'ateM^arcuato^efco^umna major^profunde^oncavadfffert 118 ' 8 ' PmliS min ° ribUS "*** ^ *

stout P ^ecM d 5'T5 l cmTon f re^cln^rh t 'Ti!f iP i hytiC ' caes P i,ose ’ r00ts coarse. Ramicauls blackish,

2.5-5 cXng Lludm B Z 8 neMolrf l tubular sheaths - Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate,

cuneate intofhe petiole 8 lnflor«l J 5 Cm .! ong ' ‘ he blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm wide, the base

long, with a brac/above the base from In** “ T fl ° Wer ’ b ° me by a slender - ere ct peduncle 2-2.5 cm

ov£ 5 mm long ° n the ram,Caul; floral bra « 9 «*" long; pedicel 10 mm long;

glabrous externally the dorsal seoal vem 0ran ^’i w »th red at the base, cellular-glandular within,

concave. .3 ™ long^ ,be lhi f e " ad - a P-l margin, broadly elliptical,

the apex broadly rounded abruntlv rnntrapt h • at ^ ral sepals for 4 mm to form a shallow, gaping cup,

oblong, oblique^ L5 mm1ong ^ ^ *“ 28 mm '° ng -‘ he ^ ^

mm long, similar to that of the dorsal senal npt,t T?’ ,h f transverse apices contracted into tails 20

wide, the apex acute, with a thin broadlv roundeH r*, ^' e "'P‘ lcal ; obl °"g : 2.75 mm long, 1.25 mm

an acute, retrorse process at the base; lip vellot nhbl** “T 8 ° n * he marginof ,he middle third, and

the middle third, minutely erose 3 5 mm Inno ? or >g-pandurate, arcuate, with broad, thin wings on

beyond a constriction, with ^ip^ V.Zt't W ',? gS - tbe 3p6X red ’ thlckened

third, concave beneath, hinged from within column „„’i| h d C W ' ,h 318 ’ curved callus on the basal

thin, dilated margins, 4 mm long, the foot scarcely , m'm ^“oS^ Wi,H

era, Gualaceo, Ecuador, / PortiUa /^(Ho'lot^^MOy'c T' CoU . < j Cted ‘ n 199g - cu ' tiv ated at Ecuagen-

PERU: Amazonas: obtained from M Aria ^ivamd m P " 19368

1114, 1119 (MO). ’ cult,vated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, J. Portilla

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

125

Although this species has been been found recently in both southernmost

Ecuador and neighboring Peru, it had not been recognized previously. It is most

similar to M. ortalis Luer. Among the members of the subsection Oscillantes , both

species are characterized by an orange flower marked with red, especially at the

base. The sepals are broad and obtuse with the dorsal sepal concave. The petals of

both species have an acute, retrorse process at the base, but the tip of the petal of M.

ni hole an a is acute instead of tridentate, and the marginal wing is broadly rounded

instead of acute. The lip is tall-convex below the middle and sloping forward,

broadly winged, and constricted below the thick, recurved apex.

Masdevallia prolixa Luer, sp. nov. . . ...

Ety.: From the Latin prolixus , “drawn out,” referring to the elongated petiole, peduncle, pedicel,

and sepaline tails.

Inter species sectionis Alaticaules , pedunculo longissimo, racemo laxissimo, pedicilis lonigissimis,

sepalis longicaudatis in cupulam brevem connatis, synsepalo late expanso, labelli epichilio angusto

apiculato marginibus revolutis verrucosis distinguitur.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots thick, fleshy. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4 cm long, with a

1-2 tubular sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 16 cm long including a slender petiole cm

long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into he P e, ^ le '";

florescence a solitary flower borne successively in a distantly few-flowered raceme a s ender pedune'e

up to 26 cm long, with a tubular sheath at the base, from the base of the ram.cau : flora b ™ c '* ,h y 5

cm apart, 1.5 cm long; pedicel 4 - 4.5 cm long; ovary green. 6 mm long; sepals ^rocse^rnally,

microscopically papular-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal yellow, ovate, acute. ong-attenuate, 7 cm

long including ihe forwardly directed tail, 7 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral ^palfor 4 mm

into a short, cylindrical, sepaline cup, the lateral sepals connate 25 mm mto a Md

synsepal, 30 mm long, 18 mm wide, 6 -veined, with the apices acute,

4 cm long; petals yellowish white, cartilaginous, more or less ° bl ° n 8 -‘ na " 8 “' ar - £“' e ! ‘ ^ ’, 5

labellar margin thick with a longitudinal callous terminating m a broad, rounded base. 6 rnm l g I..

mm wide, 2.5 mm wide a. the base. 1 -veined; lip dark purple, with ™ r *' na '!“

6.5 mm long, the epichile longitudinally channeled 1.25 mm wide,witithesde srevolute and ve^

cose, the apex long-apiculate, the hypochile oblong, 2 mm wi e, e j. 3 j g w j t h a

ened beneath, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long wun

short, incurved extension, the anther and stigma ventral.

PERU: Huanuco; without specific locality, alt. 2500 m, obtained from M. Anas by J Portilla. culti a

at Gualaceo, Ecuador, Jan. 2000, C. Luer 19363 (Holotype: MO).

This species, apparently endemic in central Peru, is distinguished by the long

slender peduncle, and a long-pedicellate, remotely, few-flowered raceme. The

dorsal sepal is yellow with a long-attenuated tail. Beyond the short sepaline tube

thette'Cals are connate into a broad, bifid

petals are acute with a broad, basal callus. The hypochile of the lip is oblong, about

asTdng^ e^hile but wider, and the epichile is channeled and narrow with

revolute, verrucose sides. The apex is acuminate-apiculate.

Masdevallia venus Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

E„: N.„d for longissiiw. wcemo congeao.q.lb »

• u *• rnots fleshv Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm long.

Plant medium in size epiphytic, ca P ’ riaceo „ s . 10 cm long including an indistinct pe-

with a loose, tubular sheath at the *’**•.. . su b aC ute 2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

tiole 2-3 cm long, the bladenarrowlyetMical^sutecm ^ racem y e by a stout peduncle up

petiole. Inflorescence a sohtary flowe the ' ba se of the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbri-

«o 26 cm long, with a « ubu,ar ^ , 7 mm long; sepals yellow but suffused

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mm into a shallow, gaping sepaline cup, the lateral sepals 23 mm long, connate 17 mm into a broadly

expanded, ovate synsepal, 30 mm wide, 6-veined, with the apices obtuse, contracted into slender, yellow

tails 16 mm long; petals yellowish white, cartilaginous, more or less oblong, minutely tridentate at the

truncate apex, with both halves callous, the labellar margin thick with a longitudinal callous terminating

in a low, rounded callus at the base, 6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, subpandurate,

with thick marginal folds above the middle, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the epichile minutely verrucose,

with the sides recurved and undulate, apex recurved, long-apiculate, the hypochile oblong, twice longer

than the epichile, the base truncate, thickened beneath, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 6

mm long, the foot 5 mm long with an incurved extension, the anther and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR; Without locality, collected and cultivated in Quito by A. Hirtz 71/0 (Holotype; MO), C.

Luer illustr. 19323.

This lovely species is cultivated in Quito, Ecuador, by Alexander Hirtz. Unfor¬

tunately, the collection data have disappeared. Among the members of section

Alaticaules , this species is distinguished by the long, stout peduncle, and a congest¬

ed, long-pedicellate, successively flowered raceme. The sepals are yellow but gen¬

erously suffused with red-brown. They are connate into a shallow, gaping cup with

the synsepal broadly expanded. The petals are oblong and tridentate. The hy¬

pochile of the lip is oblong, twice longer than the epichile with revolute margins

and long-apiculate apex.

The following species of Platystele brings the total number known and illustrat¬

ed in leones Pleurothallidinarum to 93.

Platy stele bernoullii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Carl Gustav Bernoulli, collector of this species.

Planta minuta breviter repens, pedunculo elongato folio elliptico multilongiore, racemo subcongesto

longipedicellato, sepalis ovatis obtusis, petalis oblongis obtusis et labello ovato obtuso concavo.

Plant very small, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome 1-2 mm long between ramicauls; roots

proportionately thick. Ramicauls erect, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, elliptical, subacute, 5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, cuneate below into the subsessile base. Inflores¬

cence an erect, subcongested, successively few- to many-flowered raceme to 12 cm long, borne by a

ti »torm peduncle 18-25 mm long, laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 0.5 mm long;

pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals appear to have been purplish, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal ovate, concave, subacute to obtuse, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, vein not visible, the lateral sepals

ovate, subacute to obtuse, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, vein not visible; petals oblong, obtuse, 1 mm long,

0.3 mm wide, faintly 1-veined; lip ovate, concave, with sides low and broadly rounded below the middle,

mm ong, . mm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, the disc featureless, the base truncate, attached

lo the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical, the base thick,

nius»M9288 A Ch ' li0n " ear M ° ZatenanqUe ’ Dec ' l869 ’ C Bern <>ulli H73 (Holotype: AMES), C. Luer

This species, apparently rare and endemic in Guatemala, is known from only

one collection in 1869 by Bernoulli. A portion of this collection found its way into

Leslie Garay’s private herbarium now incorporated into AMES. It is distinguished

by a minute, shortly repent habit, and long peduncles that far surpass the tiny, ellip¬

tical leaves. The flowers are produced successively in a long-pedicellate raceme.

The simple flowers are similar to those of P. jungermannioides (Schltr.) Garay and

P mimmiflora (Schltr.) Garay, the two other species with the smallest known

flowers m the orchid family. The lip of P. bernoullii is ovate, concave, obtuse, and

shorter than the sepals. The lips of the other two species are ovate, narrowed into

an acute tip, and not concave.

The following six species of Pleurothallis are members of subgenera Aenigma,

Ancipitia, Crocodeilanthe, and Pleurothallis subgenus Acronia, all of which have

been treated in leones Pleurothallidinaru. The figures are not numbered in se-

quence within their respective taxa.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

127

Pleurothallis ankyloglossa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek ankyloglossa , “tongue-tied,” referring to the acutely reflexed labellum.

Planta grandis, racemo remotifloro folio anguste ovato longiore, floribus nonresupinatis, sepalo

mediano synsepaloque anguste ovatis, petalis anguste ovatis erectis, labello suborbiculato profunde

concavo ad apicem acutum argute reflexo distinguitur.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 20 cm long, with

a thin, tubular sheath below the middle and 2 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate,

ca. 20 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, the base cuneate, sessile. Inflorescence an arching, remotely few-flowered

raceme, to 27 cm long including the peduncle 10-12 cm long, borne from the base of the leaf with a

slender spathe 18 mm long; floral bracts thin, infundibular, 7-10 mm long; pedicels 10-20 mm long;

ovary 6-7 mm long; flowers non-resupinate, sepals yellow, striped with purple along the veins, gla¬

brous, the middle sepal narrowly ovate, acute, concave, 21 mm long, 6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals completely connate into a concave, ovate, acute synsepal, 21 mm long, 8 mm wide, 4-veined,

petals yellow, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, 17 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, in apposition above

the column; lip suborbicular, deeply concave, appressed against the column, 2.5 mm long, 3 mm wide,

1.5 mm deep, with the apex triangular, acute, abruptly reflexed and appressed against the undersurface ot

the lip, the disc within the cavity of the lip with a broad, flat, densely cellular-glandular callus, the base

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, semiterete, pubescent beneath, 2.5 mm long, the anther

and transversely bilobed stigma apical, the base of the column thick.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: between Limon and Rio Zamora, along Rio Yanguza, alt. 1200 m, 22

Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, E. Sanchez & S. Marin 7050 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19354.

This large species, apparently endemic in southeastern Ecuador, is unique in

Pleurothallis subsection Acroniae. It is characterized by the long ramicaul; nar¬

row, sessile leaf; and a long, drooping raceme of a few, remote flowers. The flow¬

ers are pendent with a curved ovary that places the lip uppermost. The flowers are

bilabiate with similar, narrow, concave middle sepal and synsepal. The petals are

held “downward,” opposite the lip and column. The lip is suborbicular and deeply

concave, appressed against the column, and the apex is abruptly bent downward

against the outer, bottom surface of the lip. As in the subsection, the anther is

apical with an apical, transversely bilobed stigma.

Pleurothallis drewii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety • Named for W.B. Drew, collector of this species.

Inter species subsectionis P. Acroniae Luer. rhizomate repenti, foliis; gmndis ",3 obtus.s brevu-

er acuminatis racemo plus minusve aequilongo, pedicilis elongatis, sepa

petalis anguste ovatis et labello obscure trilobato acuto basi concavo istingui

Plan, large, epiphytic repent the ^zo-e stout I-2

7-8.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the sessile base, Inflorescence an erecl, l~selySe

neously many-flowered raceme to 15 cm long including < ® unc e ^ pedicels 9-12 mm

long; ovary 2.5 mm long; flowers greenish white, P 8 3 . veine d the lateral sepals connate into

subacute, shortly acuminate obtuse, 7-8 mm long, 3^ ^ 2 -’veined; petals narrowly ovate,

a concave, narrowly ovate, acute synsepal 7-8 mm long, . rr .„i r aii v erose Hd ovate obscurely

acute, 6 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, 1-vemed, with the margins mm w ,de

trilobed, concave with sides erect and broadly rounded be ow cal |j on the middle third,

expanded, the apex thick, acute, slightly incurved, the isc wi P> . stout j 5 mm long the

concave below, in apposition with a bulbous, pubescent column-foot, column stout, 1.5 mm long,

anther and stigma apical, the foot thick, convex, pubescent,

ECUADOR: Imbabura: near Camp, Alegria, east of VoJcan Cayambe, alt. 9,650 ft., 11 May

W.B. Drew E-246 (Holotype: AMES). C. Luer illustr. 19276.

This species, apparently rare and endemic in northern Ecuador, is ° ne ° 1 e

largest known in Pleurothallis subsection Acroniae. The leaves are broadly obova

128

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

and shortly acuminate, with a loose, long-pedicellate raceme about as long. The

dorsal sepal is concave and broader than the equally long synsepal. The petals are

narrowly ovate and acute. The lip is ovate and concave with erect, rounded sides

below the middle. The base of the lip is concave to accommodate a bulbous,

pubescent column-foot.

Pleurothallis driessenii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Wiel Driessen of Panningen, The Netherlands, who cultivates this species.

Inter species subgeneris Ancipitiae , habitu parvo, foliis ellipticis, sepalo dorsali synsepaloque ovatis,

petalis obovatis ad apicem incrassatis, et labello obovato concavo marginibus obtusis erectis distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, compressed above the

middle, 5-6 cm long, up to 1.5 mm deep at the leaf, with a tubular bract below the middle and 2-3

sheaths at the base. Leaf coriaceous, erect, narrowly ovate, acute, 3.5-4 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm wide, the

base broadly cuneate, sessile. Inflorescence a solitary, successive flower borne from a reclining spathe 4

mm long at the base of the leaf; peduncles 6-8 mm long; floral bract 2 mm long; pedicel 4-8 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; sepals light yellow, minutely flecked with light Durole. glabrous, the dorsal senal

This species of Pleurothallis subgenus Ancipitia is characterized by the small

habu; slender ramicauls that are ancipitous toward the leaf; an elliptical, sessile leaf;

a sma ower wlt ^ ovate ’ concave, dorsal sepal and synsepal; and obovate petals

that are thickened at the tip. The lip is ovate and concave with erect, obtuse mar-

nine akiMrA fU/> ^

Pleurothallis knappii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for S. Knapp who collected this species.

i. 3 cm long, borne from a spathe 1-1.5 cm long, at the

mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

>al ovate, acute, attenuate, concave in the lower third, 6

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

129

differs from the latter by a much larger habit, but with small, translucent white,

delicate flowers about the same size. The leaves are erect, acuminate, and cuneate

at the sessile base. One to three, usually many-flowered racemes surpass the leaf.

The dorsal sepal and synsepal are narrowly obtuse while the petals are long and

subulate. The lip is three-lobed with the midlobe sharply acute, and the lateral lobes

obliquely erect below the middle.

Pleurothallis lappacea Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin lappaceus , “like a burr,” referring to the ovary.

Planta parva rhizomate breviter ascendenti ramicaulibus abbreviatis, pedunculo foliis ellipticis plus

minusve aequilongo, inflorescentia uniflora, ovario longispiculato, sepalo dorsali synsepaloque subacutis

pubescentibus, petalis ovatis ciliatis minutis, et labello subquadrato minute verruculoso distinguitur.

Plant very small, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome more or less ascending, 1-3 mm long bet¬

ween ramicauls; rooting from nodes. Ramicauls suberect, 1-1.5 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, loose,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 8 -10 mm long including a

petiole 1 mm long, 5-5.5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower,

borne by a slender peduncle 9-10 mm long, from the ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubular, 1.5 mm long;

pedicel 2.5 mm long; ovary densely spiculate, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm broad; sepals minute y ciliate, the

dorsal sepal pubescent, light yellow, ovate, acute, 9 mm long, 5 mm wide, 3-veined the lateral sepals

orange, microscopically pubescent, connate into an elliptical, shortly bifid lamina with subacute apices,

10 mm long, 6.5 mm wide; petals translucent, ovate, acute, ciliate, 1.25 mm long 0.75 mm wide,. I-

veined; lip orange, subquadrate, shallowly bilobed with the lobes rounded, with similar basal lobes 2.5

mm long, 3 mm wide, verrucose with the margins dent,culate-erose, the disc flat he base attached to the

base of the column; column erect, semiterete, 1 mm long, dilated above the middle, the anther, rostellum

and stigma apical, the foot obsolescent.

ECUADOR: Carchi above Chical, alt. 1300 m, collected by J. Portilla, cultivated at Gualaceo, Nov.

1999, A. Him 7134 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19345.

This species of Pleurothallis subgenus Aenigma is apparently rare and endemic

in northern Ecuador. It is characterized by the small, ascending habit; a sing e

flower borne by a peduncle about as long as the sepals; a densely long-spiculate

ovary; a pubescent dorsal sepal and broad synsepal; minute ciliate petals; and a

minutely verrucose, subquadrate lip. The lip is shallowly bilobed with the comers

at both the apex and base rounded.

Pleurothallis possoae Luer, sp. nov.

Ety • Named for Martha Posso, co-collector of this species.

Secies haec /> xipHizusae Rchb.f. affinis, sed floribus minoribus, sepalis cilia,is, lateral,bus aeutis

et labello bicalloso differt.

Plan, medium in size to large, epiphytic, densely caespitose;

fasciculate, stout, erect, 5-13 cm long, enclosed ^^'X'ti^l lu^to ob^.trcm long, 2-3 cm

eating sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, c °"^escence \-3 secund, densely and simultaneously many-

wide, cuneate below into the sessile base. , 3-4 cm , ong? su btended by a foliaceous spathe

flowered racemes 1 °- 1 6 bracttlnflated, cucullate obtuse, 10-12 mm long, enclosing

2 - 2.5 cm long, at the base of the leaf, floral bracti nna . , 2 mm , sepals br0 wn with

the pedicel, ovary and b as e of the flower, j* dl ^ 5escen * w ithin, the dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse

yellow veins, subcannate ■. glabrous e:xte y, ^ ’ P ovate-triangular, acute, 12 mm long, 3

concave, 11 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, 3-vem *1 the at erai sep ^ ^ ^ * g mm wide , 3 . vein ed, the

mm wide, connate 3 mm; petals transluce , y ct 4 5 mm j 0 ng, 3.25 mm wide unexpand-

apex broadly rounded; lip subquadrate, c0 "^ v , ' . . 0 f semilunate calli above the

ed, 4.5 mm wide expanded thefirmly attached to the end

^'tlw^lunm-fo^'cc^mn'sto'utl^rnrn'long/die foot thicR, I mm long, the anther subapical, the rostel-

lum and stigma ventral.

o Dimmn ftp Rnrdoncillo San Antonio de Bellavista, alt. 3240 m, 10

Mar^w! 5 .M AA/Tposso 22 (Holotype: PSO; lsotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19268; near

Pasto, alt. 9,000 ft., E. Klaboch s.n. (AMES).

130

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

In habit, this species of subgenus Crocodeilanthe resembles P xiphizusa with

the ramicauls clad in long, loose, tubular sheaths; a large, foliaceous spathe; and a

long, distichous raceme with large, cucullate floral bracts. The flowers, however,

are similar to those of P. lavaegata but larger with the sepals ciliate-pubescent

within, and with the laterals acute and free from below the middle. The petals are

broadly oblong. The lip and column are also similar to those of R lavaegata with

the lip subquadrate and bicallous near the middle.

Pleurothallis thomasii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Hawkins Thomas who collected this species.

Species haec P. villosae Fawc. & Rendle persimilis, sed floribus multiminoribus flavis immaculatis

et pedicelis brevissimis differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, compressed

above the middle, 5-12 cm long, compressed above, with a tubular sheath below the middle, and 2-3

sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to narrowly obtuse, 4-6 cm long,

0.8-1.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the sessile base. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, strict, successively

few-flowered raceme with 1-2 flowers open simultaneously, to 7 cm long including the peduncle 3-5 cm

long, subtended by a spathe 4 mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base of the leaf; floral bracts

2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.2 mm long; sepals yellow, with long, villous hairs within, the

dorsal sepal elliptical-obovate, obtuse, concave, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, connate to

the laterals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate 1 mm into an obovate, concave, bifid synsepal, 3.75 mm

long, 3 mm wide expanded, the apices obtuse, in apposition; petals translucent, obovate-spathulate,

rounded at the apex, 2.5 mm long, I mm wide; lip oblong-unguiculate, arcuate, 2.4 mm long, 1 mm

wide the blade oblong, round at the apex, with a pair of calli inside the margins, angled above the claw,

the claw 0.8 mm long, with a minute lobule at each comer of the base, hinged to the tip of the column-

foot; column narrowly winged, denticulate at the apex, 2.2 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, the anther

and stigma ventral.

HONDURAS: Olancho: La Mural la National Park, northwest of La Union, alt. 1520 m, 6 June 1992,

Hawkins Thomas & D. Mejia 510 (Holotype: EAP; Isotype: MO),C. Luer illustr. 19314.

This species is closely related to the relatively frequent. Central American P.

villosa, but differs from it by having smaller, yellow, unspotted flowers borne by

short pedicels barely as long as the floral bracts. It is known from only one collec-

tion in Honduras.

Restrepiopsis niesseniae Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Andrea Niessen who cultivates this species and submitted it for identification.

SSSi.wS'' ■“ k ”'"

bv 5 r iTn S jT'lun Phyt \ Cae f. pl,0Se; L r °° ,s slender - Ramicauls erect, slender. 3-6 mm long, enclosed

b™*"- ob'-que, .mbrtc. mg, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2-2.5 cm long excluding a

t^le lnno'r«ce n nJ C * * ,I,pt, 5 a . 1 ’ sabacu,e t0 obtU! *. 'M-3 cm wide, cuneate below into the pe¬

des 2 °/ Slng e n ° wers b0me in a fascicle at lhe °f'he ramicaul pedun-

dlnselv iZ naniilZ <; t T< * 4 ' 6 mm lon 8 with a filament 3 mm long; ovary

Zte LZvTs Z lZ Z 8 ’ ^ Z W ' de; Sepals yellow ' free - lhe dorsal S£ P al elliptical, sub-

6 mm 7 * J f 45 T Wlde ’ 3 - vemed - *e lateral sepals oblong-arcuate, subacute or acute,

6 mm long, 2 mm w.de, 3-ve.ned; petals translucent, elliptical-obovate, broadly obtuse the margins

minutely erose toward the apex, 4.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow 3-Zed oblong 5

IZZ uncZate aniroZ n ZZ h T’Z* margmS minutely erose-undulate, the lobes above

o,hZ^rrtse .Z;rr W y H T' Z d,SC With a pair of low ** lower third anterior

!hanl mm long 8 °" 6 6nd; C ° lumn semiterete - a ^ua.e, 3 mm long, the foot less

2m°^A'm^ C AJC T lMh; ^ , m U, . fUrthe L d n ailS - CUltivated at 0r q uideas del Valle, Cali, Apr.

zuuu, oy A. Niessen & J. C. Uribe 114 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19372.

Vegetatively, this species is indistinguishable from that of the frequent and

widely distributed R. tubulosa. The flowers are also very similar except for the

lateral sepals that are considerably shorter than the dorsal sepal. The most distin-

rT r thC l0n8 ' paplll0Se ovaf y’ a uni< l ue Mature in the genus. The

basal lobes of the lip are uncinate, similar to some of those seen in R. tubulosa.

SYSTEMATICS OF SCAPHOSEPALUM

131

Scaphosepalum medinae Luer & Portilla, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Hugo Medina of Gualaceo, Ecuador, co-collector of this species.

Species haec S. pleurothallodes Luer & Hirtz affinis, sed racemo laxe prostrato, ovario papillosissi-

mo, sepalis cristatis ecaudatis cum callis angustis marginalibus, et petalis obovatis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-8 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2-3 cm long including an indistinct petiole 3-8 mm long,

the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 5-8 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a loose, successively few-flowered raceme up to 5 cm long including the smooth, more or

less horizontal peduncle 2-3 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts 3 mm long; pedicels 3-4.5

mm long; ovary densely papillose, 1 mm long; sepals lavender with white cells, erose-carinate, the

dorsal sepal oblong, narrowly obtuse, concave within the thickened margin, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the

lateral sepals connate 3 mm into a shortly bifid, elliptical, concave lamina, 5.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide,

the margins of each lateral sepal longitudinally thickened from just below the middle, cellular-glandular,

the obtuse apices with a minute, external apiculum; petals light brown, obliquely obovate, broadly

obtuse, unguiculate, 3.25 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 2 -veined; lip tan with white margins, thick, minutely

cellular-glandular, oblong, obtuse-retuse, 3.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the margins erect and broadly

obtuse below the middle, the disc with a pair of low calli above the middle, the base truncate, bilobulate,

hinged on the end; column semiterete, arcuate, winged above the middle, long-denticulate at the apex, 3

mm long, the foot 2 mm long.

ECUADOR: Napo: near Tena, alt. 500 m, collected by Hugo Medina and Ivan Acaro, Nov. 1999, culti¬

vated at Ecuagenera, Apr. 2000, by J. Portilla 262 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19371.

This little species is another, like Scaphosepalum pleurothallodes, that resem¬

bles Pleurothallis acanthodes Luer, and which also grows in the same region. In

habit they are similar. Scaphosepalum medinae differs from S. pleurothallodes with

a papillose ovary, erose-carinate sepals, and with the laterals deeply connate. The

cushions are not well-developed as in S. pleurothallodes. They are merely cellular-

papillose, longitudinal calli along the margins of the lateral sepals that resemble

more closely the calli of R acanthodes. Also, as in S. pleurothallodes , the petals

and lip are more like Pleurothallis than Scaphosepalum.

The following four species raise the number of species known in the genus

Teagueia to 10. The figures are numbered as a continuation of the previous illustra¬

tions in leones Pleurothallidinarum-%.

Inter sDecies eeneris Teagueiae Luer, habitu repenti, foliis crassis late ovatis pusticulatis petiolatis

quJSSf .ongioribul racemo erec.o paucifloro, flonbus ^

ovato, sepalis lateralibus semiconna.is oblique late ovat,s, petal.s erect.s angust.ss.me ova.ts,

oblongo basi biauriculato disco concavo cum fissura central! dtstinguitur.

in «. for ihe

the peduncle ca 1.5 cm long, from ««rthcjpc , e . black? bo me face-down; sepals glabrous,

!hedoTsai C sepal namowfyovate with the sides' revolu.e, acute. 8 mm long 2.5 mm wide 3-veined. the

he dorsal sepal narro y ob|use with the tips shortly acuminate, 5 mm long, 6.4 mm wide. 2-

lateral sepals broa y . pu m| e -black, linear-ovate with the sides revolute, acute, more or less

veined, connate 1.5 mm, p ? , hirds 6 25 mm long, I mm wide, incompletely 2 -vetned; lip

angled between the mid e , .. | 4 mm w jd e , the apex rounded and concave with

purple-black, wh.te at the base cavi y abo ve the middle, the base with

mm broad, the stigma transversely oblong, the foot rudimentary.

132

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: northeast of Rio Verde, alt. 3100 m, 19 Feb. 2000, L. Jost & C. Sanchez

1902 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19337.

This species is distinguished by the long-repent rhizome; short, ascending

ramicauls; broadly ovate, petiolate, thickly coriaceous, pusticulate leaves; and an

erect, loose raceme of purple-black flowers that face downwards. The dorsal sepal

and flanking petals are narrowly ovate with revolute sides; the lateral sepals broadly

ovate and semiconnate; and the lip is oblong and concave with a sharply defined

cavity above the middle.

Teagueia cymbisepala Luer & Jost, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin cymbisepalum, “a boat-shaped synsepal, 1

referring to the connate lateral sepals.

Inter species generis Teagueiae Luer, habitu longirepenti, foliis crassis ellipticis petiolatis quam

ramicaulibus longioribus, racemo longissimo, plus minusve horizontali remotifloro, sepalo dorsali ellip-

nco acuto, sepalis lateralibus in synsepalum concavum ellipticum connatis, petalis ovatis acutis minute

ciliatis, et labello oblongo basi biauriculato disco concavo cum fissura centrali distinguitur.

Plant medium in size for the genus, epiphytic, long-repent, the rhizome 2-3 cm long between rami¬

cauls; roots coarse. Ramicauls ascending, stout, 8-10 mm long, enclosed by 1 or 2 imbricating sheaths

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, petiolate, elliptical, obtuse, 20-32 mm long including the petiole 8-12 mm

long. 9-12 mm wide the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a more or less horizontal, succes¬

sive, distantly several-flowered raceme, up to 25 cm long including the peduncle 10-16 cm long, from

"*®L, th ,. e ape * of ,ha ramicau ! ; n ° ral bracts oblique, acute, thin, 3 mm long; pedicels 7-10 mm long;

° a ? ii < ?" 8; "° W£rS re J d "\ range sepals microscopically ciliate, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate,

, r ,' mrn ong, mm wi e, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an elliptical, concave, minutely

bifid, subacute synsepal, 11 mm long, 7 mm wide. 6-veined; petals ovate, acute, shortly ciliate, 4.5 mm

rounded 5 .h7H W 1 e ’ 1 :'' e ‘ ned ’ l,p oblon 8- shallowly concave, 3.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex

rounded n^ Pmh° ng d L na l, y cle . ft - spread,n 8 into a deep cavity above the middle, the base with

n ” d ,o “* .-.— • 15

■» 1 ‘ Ja„ * C.

This species is distinguished by the stout, long-repent rhizome; short, ascending

ramicauls; elliptical, petiolate, thickly coriaceous leaves; and a long, suberect to

transverse, remotely and successively flowered raceme of red-orange, bilabiate

flowers. The dorsal sepal is ovate and acute; the lateral sepals are connate into a

concave synsepal; the petals are ovate, acute and ciliate; and the lip is oblong and

concave with a shatply defined cavity near the middle.

Teagueia jostii Luer, sp. nov.

Ely.: Named for Louis jost, artist, photographer, ornithologist, who discovered this species.

ramicaldibi^longiori^u^racemffsiri, h3bi ' U lon 8' re pent,.foliis crassis ellipticis petiolatis quam

ovatis acutis acuminatis seDalis lar^ rh US T[ nusve h°rizontali remotifloro, sepalis flavis rubro striatis

obovato-pyriformi basi biauriculato disco cum fiilSSiS" ° Va ' iS aCUmina ' iS ’ * labeU °

between^arrdcauls nwt^coarse^Ramicauk 61105 e H piphytic, lon 8-repent, the rhizome 15-20 mm long

cose, imbricating ^ £nd0Sed by 1 ° r 2 verru ‘

15-24 mm long including the Detiole 5-Q mm i y ° a ^ eous ’ ,on g-petiolate, broadly elliptical, obtuse.

Inflorescence a strict suberect to horizontal ° g ’ " ^ 01111 W ^ e ’ ^ ^ ase contract ed » nto the petiole,

long including the -ceme, up to 15 cm

acute, verrucose, 3 mm long- pedicels 5-6 mm 1 the a P ex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique,

along veins, borne face-down sepals glabrous thfVf 0 ^ 5 V 1 ™ long; flowers y el,ow with red stripes

2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, ItebHUSTate obH^ 561,31 ° V “ e .’ aCU,e ’ acuminate ’ 4 75 mm lo "8.

veined, connate 1.75 mm into a bifid synsepal' pe als yeTlow w'iZTd m'H 5 mm l0 " 8 ’ 2 mm ^ 2 '

rulate, ovate, acute acuminate 2 25 mm i,,,,., , P 15 yellow with red midvein, microscopica ly ser-

acuminate, 2.25 mm long, 1 mm wide, l-veined; lip greenish white, dark red toward

SYSTEMATICS OF TEAGUEIA

133

the base, obovate-suborbicular, shallowly concave, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded,

the disc longitudinally cleft, with a deep cavity near the middle, the base with erect, rounded angles, the

base rigidly connate to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the stigma confluent, the foot

rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: northeast of Rio Verde, alt. 3100 m, 19 Feb. 2000, L. Jost & C. Sanchez

1906 (Holotype: A 40), C. Luer illustr. 19340.

This species is distinguished by the long-repent rhizome with verrucose sheaths,

short, ascending ramicauls; broadly elliptical, long-petiolate, thickly coriaceous

leaves; and a remotely flowered raceme of small flowers that face downwards. The

sepals and petals are yellow and striped with red; the sepals are ovate, acute and

acuminate; the lateral sepals are oblique and semiconnate; and the lip is compara¬

tively large, suborbicular and shallowly concave with a sharply defined cavity near

the middle.

Teagueia sancheziae Luer & Jost, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Carmen Sanchez of Ulba, Ecuador, co-collector of this species.

Inter species generis Teagueiae Luer, habitu longirepen.i, folds crassis eM^cis ^.ioU.is quam

ramicaulibus longioribus, racemo stricto plus minusve horizontali remotifloro. sepalis ™bropurpure

late ovatis obtusis breviter acuminatis, sepalis lateralibus obliqu.s semiconnatts, petalts obovatis acumt-

natis, et label lo oblongo basi biauriculato disco cum ftssura centrali distinguitur.

Plan, small for the genus, epiphytic, long-repent, the rh,zome 5-IO mm ^

roots coarse. Ramicauls ascending, stout, 3-5 mm long enc osed by-I °' 2

sheaths. Leaf suberect, thickly coriaceous, petiolate, broadly elliptical, ob use, g slric f

the petiole 2-3 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, the base contracted into

suberect to horizontal, successive, loosely few-flowered raceme up to 6 cm' lo "* ‘ d ^

ca. 2 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts obhque i£*

long; ovary 0.75 mm long; flowersmd-pujpje, '“epTbroadly

ly ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 3.2 mm long,_ mm wide , 2-veined, connate 1.5 mm into a

ovate, oblique, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 2.8 mm long, . . . 7 w ; de j.

mm long, the stigma transversely oblong, the foot rudimentary.

. * r D in v#»rHp alt 3100 m 19 Feb. 2000, L. Jost & C. Sanchez

MO), .

This suedes is distinguished by the long-repent rhizome with verrucose sheaths;

are broadly dlipUea'l or suborbicular and obluse with shortly acuminate tips: the

latera^are oblique and scmtconnat.l and the Up is oblong and conca,. with a shtup-

ly defined cavity above the middle.