CONTENTS

A reconsideration of Masdevallia 1-20

7K KK

Systematics of Specklinia and vegetatively similar genera 21-244

Binomials attributable to Specklinia and vegetatively similar genera 23-26

Key to the genera and species vegetatively similar to Specklinia 26-38

Systematics of Specklinia 39-8 1

Systematics of Andreettc 82

Systematics of , hog ie, 82

Systematics of At 83-85

Systematics of Chamelophyion 85

Systematics of Dondodia 85-86

Systematics of Gerardoa 86-87

Systematics of Incaea 87-88

Systematics of Lomax 88-89

Systematics of Lueranthos 89

Systematics of Madisonia 90

Systematics of Masdevalliant! 90-91

Systematics of Muscarella 94-138

Pabstiella 139-143

Systematics of Panmorphia 144-190

Systematics of Phloeophila 191-194

Systematics of Proctoria 195

Systematics of Ronaldella 195-197

Systematics of Rubellia 197

Systematics of Sarcinula 201-226

Systematics of Sylphia 227-230

Systematics of Tribulago 230-232

Systematics of Tridelta 232-233

Systematics of ag 233-234

References and a ledg 24

Index 2 or244

2K OK OK

Miscellaneous new taxa in the PI hallid 245-257

2 OK ok

levall 260-28 |

Addenda to A Treasure of M.

Panmorphia rabei (Foldats) Luer, collected in Venezuela by Raymond McCullough in 1967,

cultivated and photographed by Lynn O’Shaughnessy in Howell, Michigan, in 2006.

A RECONSIDERATION OF MASDEVALLIA (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

ecause of marked morphological differences among some of the subgenera

of Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., recognition at the generic level is proposed.

New genera:

Acinopetala Luer Pteroon Luer

Alaticaulia Luer Regalia Luer

Buccella Luer Reichantha Luer

Byrcella Luer Spectaculum Luer

Fissia (Luer) Luer daca on

Luzama Luer Streptour

Megema Luer Trioespion (Schltr, ) ex Luer

Petalodon Luer Zahleria Lue

The neotropical genus Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. is massive. It is a large and

beloved assortment of over 500 species that are classed into numerous distinct

subdivisions (Luer, 2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2002, 2003). To many of its devotees,

amateur and professional alike, its dismemberment into smaller genera would

amount to nothing less than heresy. Many taxa have been hiding under the blanket

of Masdevallia. In spite of the consternation to be invoked, be that as it may, dif-

ferences in morphology and DNA do exist, and some genera are hereby recognized.

However, the majority of species remain in the sections of Masdevallia. Although

still incomplete, recent DNA analyses (Abele et al., 2005) have shed some light on

some relationships of the following proposed genera.

KEY TO THE GENERA

1 Lip undivided, with or without calli 2

1’ Lip divided by marginal folds into two parts, an epichile and a hypochile ......... 17

2 Rhizome ae pe plant repent; raceme successive with red- “orange towers;

lateral sepals tailles

2’ Rhizome eee: plant caespitose 3

3 Ovary variously ornamented 4

3’ Ovary not ornamented, but may have low carinae or ribs 6

4 Ovary spiculate to long-papillose Diodonor

4’ Ovary carinate or crested 5

5 Ovary carinate with short papillae extending onto the bases of the sepals

Luzama

5’ Ovary with crests overlapping the bases of the sepals Pteroon

6 Inflorescence 1-flowered 7

6’ Inflorescence simultaneously or successively flowered 11

7 Sepals deeply connate into a tube constricted above the middle........... Tirtosiphon

7’ Sepals variously connate 8

2 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

8 Petals with a marginal callus ending in a basal process of various shapes and sizes

8’ Petals not with a marginal callus ending in a basal process 9

9 Petals _ a small process above or along the margin between the middle and

basal thir

9’ Petals ee a protruding process 10

10 Lip thick, verrucose at the apex Byrsella

10’ Lip thin, smooth, or microscopicallly verrucose at the apex Reichantha

11 Sepals free, with the bases of the lateral sepals forming a shallow cup with a

curved column-foot; lip entire, or with ill-defined marginal folds............ Rodrigoa

11’ Sepals variously connate 12

12 Petals with 2 distinct, or 2 joined, descending processes Petalodon

12’ Petals without 2 distinct or joined descending processes 13

13 Sepals thickly rigid; lip thick, verrucose at the apex, with concavities at the base..

egalia

13’ Sepals and lip not as above 14

14 Peduncle thin, prostrate, horizontal or ascending 15

14’ Peduncle stout, strict, erect 16

15 Petals with a longitudinal callus on the lower half ending in a retrorse process.....

Zahleria

15’ Petals without a protruding callus Luzama

16 Petals thick without a protruding process ichanth

16’ Petals with a small process above or along the margin between the mide and

basal third

17 Inflorescence 1-flowered 18

17° Inflorescence simultaneously or successively flowered 21

18 a bract inflated, engulfing the pedicel and ovary; petals with the tips verru-

18’ ee not verrucose at the apex

19 Ovaries with tortuous, undullating lamellae; sepals nearly free; petals sharply

triden issia

19’ Not as above 20

20 hte carinate-crested; — connate into a tube inflated below the middle

ong, curved, column-foot Buccella

20’ Oe carinate: sepals carinate within, with thick, twisted tails......... ae

21 Peduncle triquetrous Alaticaulia

21’ Peduncle terete

22 Ovary usually carinate; floral bract usually inflated; sepals membranou..............

Spilotantha

22’ Ovary not carinate; floral bract not inflated; sepals fleshy-rigid Alaticaulia

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 3

ACINOPETALA

eect Luer, gen. n

ene minuta Gna Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 396, 1842 [=Acinopetala minuta (Lindl.)

oe pon the Greek akis and petalon, ‘‘a petal with a point,”’ referring to the callus on the petal.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Minutae Rchb.f. ex Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia, sect. VI, 1896.

Type: Masdevallia minuta Lindl.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Floribundae Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 84, 1925.

Type: Masdevallia ie Limdl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 72, 1843 [=Acinopetala flori-

bunda (Lindl

antae parvulae vel mediocres. ee teres uni- vel pauciflorus. Petala oblonga callo infra-

medium apiculato. Labellum oblongum bicallosu

This genus of about 18 species is distributed from Mexico in the North, to the

Guianas in the East, and to Bolivia in the South. It is distinguished by a caespitose

habit; a single-flowered or a successively flowered raceme, save two species with

two simultaneous flowers [Acinopetala chontalensis (Rchb.f.) Luer, and Acinopeta-

la geminiflora (P.Ortiz) Luer], that is borne by a terete peduncle; sepals connate

into a tube or cup; petals oblong, callous on the lower half with a short, usually

acute process below the middle (absent in Acinopetala adamsii); and an oblong lip

with a longitudinal pair of calli on or above the middle thir

Acinopetala is related to sympatric Reichantha Luer which is usually vegetative-

ly and florally larger with oblong, callous petals without a process, either medially

or basally, and with an oblong lip with subdued calli. Because of the distinct callus

of the petal, Masdevallia schizopetala (Luer) has been received as a transfer from

Masdevallia sect. Zahlbrucknerae Luer.

eCnopersa adamsti eee ae comb. nov. A ci tala livingst (Rchb.f. & Roezl) Luer, comb

i yana 9: 243, 1994.

tal i (1 & R Escobar) Luer, comb. nov Bas -: Masdeali livingstoneana Rchb.f. & Roezl, Gard.

Bas.: Masdevallia arangoi Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia Gard. hron. n.s., 4: 290,

_13: 149, 1979. Acinopetala aaa (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

ta (Rchb.f.) I mb. n Bas.: Masdevallia minuta Lindl., Ann. Maz: ‘Nat Hist.

Bas.: Masd llia att t a Rchb-f. ae a 834, 1871. 12: 396, 1843

Aci ] I f)I uer, comb. n ]

Bas.: Masdevallia chontalensis Rchb. eg Otia Bot. ante: Bas.: Masdevallia nicaraguae a on 148,

_gensia 1: 17, 87 8. 1979.

(Lehm. & Kraenzl ) Luer, comb. n I loénsi (1 uer & R Escobar) Luer, comb

Bas.: Masdevallia crescenticola Lehm. & Kra enzi., Repert.

_ Spec. Nov. Regni V eg. 17: pee ge

nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia pescadoénsis Luer & R.Escobar,

_Orquideologia 13: 179, 19 19.

Bas.: Masdevallia cee ee oe Chron. NSa21:

1884.

_ 638, Bas.: “Masdevallia scabrilinguis ‘Luer, saan 44: 168,

I Ja (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n _ 1979.

B A lli a iE I, Lindl Bot Reg Ge. Misc tal (K omb. nov

72, 1843. Bas.: Masdevallia Semis: eee "Bull Misc.

ee geminiflora (P. Ortiz) Luer, comb. n _ Inform. 101, 1925.

: Masdevallia geminiflora P. Ortiz, Oiguideolonit 14: (Luer) Luer, comb nov

oe 1981. Bas.: Masdevallia tokachi Luer, I

A ci ii (Lue er) I uer, com 1991.

Bas.: “Masdevallia gutierrezii Luer, ene 42: 461, ce A tala tubulifl

Kraenzl.) Luer, comb. no Bas.: Masdevallia Fe ae ai 265,

as.: Masdevallia herradurae at & Kraenzl., Bot. acre et 3: 48, 1908.

comb. n

_ Syst. 26: 455, 1899. Acinop

as.: Masievallie sear ead = a Chron

1 1887.

Bas.: Masdevallia laucheana Woolward, vane Mosde: ser. 1: 174,

vallia t. 19, 1896.

4 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ALATICAULIA

Alaticaulia Luer, gen. nov

e: Masdevallia melanoxantha — & Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 283, 1854 [=Alaticaulia mela-

in (Linden & Rchb.f.) L

Syn.: Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. oo Pehanihne Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 1: 372, 1874, pro parte.

Type: Masdevallia polyantha Linden ex Lindl., Orch. Linden. 6, 1846 [=Masdevallia schlimii

Linden ex Lindl., Orch. Linden. 5, 1846].

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Alaticaules Areas » Repert. Spec. Nov. eae Veg. ae = 105, 1925.

Lectotype designated by Luer, 1986: 4

Syn.: Masdevallia subgen. Polyantha ae Monogr. Syst. Bot. ae Bot. a an 11, 2000.

Type: Masdevallia polyantha Linden ex Lindl., Orch. Linden. 6, 1846 [=Masdevallia schlimii

Linden ex Lindl., Orch. Linden. 5, 1846

Plantae parvae grandesve. Pedunculus triquetrus teresve racemosus. Sepala caudata in cupulam

tubumve connata. Calli petalorum non protuberantes. Labellum per plicas divisum.

Reichenbach recognized the section Polyanthae of Masdevallia in 1874. From

this section, Kranzlin segregated section Alaticaules in 1925, distinguishing the

species with triquetrous peduncles from those with terete peduncles. Because of

distinct, morphological characters, they were elevated together to subgenus Poly-

antha (Luer, 2000a, 77: 11)

This is a large genus of more than 110 species mostly from northwestern South

America of small to large plants with thickly coriaceous leaves; a successively or

simultaneously flowered raceme with a terete or triquetrous peduncle; sepals

caudate, connate into a cup or tube; petals usually callous along the lower half with

a rounded callus at the base, with few exceptions, e.g. Alaticaulia odontopetala

(Luer) Luer; and a lip divided into an epichile and a hypochile by marginal folds.

Alaticaulia buccinator (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Luer, comb. nov

Bas 4 Sdev ‘ allia buccinator Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia

let \T

, comb. ; nov

1985,

Bas.: Masdevallia cardiantha ona Die ca 31: 113,

_ 1980; emend. 36: 87, ee

Bas.: Masdevallia carolloi ce & a Eien

46: 348, 1980.

(Lehm. & Kraenz].) Luer, comb

Teague & R.VAsquez) Luer,

Teague & R. Vasquez,

101,

190, 1978.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE >

106, 1982.

198, 1978.

1978.

1989.

166, 1979.

118, 1877,

Orchid. 3: 193,

6 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Alaticaulia priscillana (Luer & V.N.M.Rao) Luer, comb.

122, 1989.

114, 1994.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 7

BUCCELLA

Buccella Luer, gen. n

a a ee Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 18, 1878 [=Buccella nidifica

(Rehb f ie

Ety.: From ihe iat bucca, “‘a cheek,”’ hence “‘little cheek,”’ referring to the eee cae sepals.

, 1986.

li Masdevallia sect. nee icae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1

Syn lli Nidificia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, ee

ae Masdevallia sect. Ophioglossae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 1

Type: Masdevallia aaa Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 17, 1878 [= pete ophio-

ee (Rchb.f.) Lue

Plantae parvae caespitosae. Pedunculus ey pate Oxaumim one ee rela morales non

inflatae. eae in cupulam vel tubum ad b él connata.

This 1s a small, neotropical genus of nine species stented by a caespitose

habit; single flowers with carinate-crested ovaries without inflated floral bracts;

sepals connate into a tube or cup with an inflated base created with a long, curved

column-foot; and a lip, divided by marginal folds into a hypochile and an epichile.

DNA analyses (Abele et al., 2005) suggest a close relationship with Spilotantha

Luer, and even the flower of Buccella dynastes (Luer) Luer is superficially similar

to that of Spilotantha pachyura (Rchb.f.) Luer, but the single flowers with a long,

curved column-foot distinguish Buccella.

B lla | lenta (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. n 7 nidifica (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia t Luer & Hirtz, I dle ie 10: Bas.: Masdevallia nidifica Rchb.f., Otia Be Hamburgensia

vd: a 1878.

Buccella dynastes (Luer) Luer, comb. n

allia dynastes me Phytolgi 42: 459, 1979 pase Masdevallia ae eee Rchb. t. on one Hamburgensia

asdev

Baca jaca (Luer irtz . NOV.

Bas.: Masdevallia lamia Luer & Hirt edie a 3: 40, Buccela strigosa (K6niger) Luer, comb. n

88. Bas.: Masdevallia strigosa K6niger, Die Orchidee 41: 142,

B ll 1.) Luer, comb. nov 1990.

as.: Masdevallia molossoides ‘Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. eee ventricosa (Schltr.) Luer, oe

Regni Veg. 17: 416, ee

Buccella molossus (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n Veg 14: 120, 1915.

Bas

pert ee Nov Regni

.. Masdevallia Sie Rchb.f., cae 41: 10, 1877.

BYRSELLA

Byrsella Luer, gen. nov.

Type: nae coriacea Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 257, 1845 [=Byrsella coccinea (Lindl.)

Lue

Bly. From the Greek byrsa, meaning “‘leather," referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Coriaceae Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 1: 240, 1874, pro parte

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Leontoglossae Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 15, 1878.

Type: Masdevallia leontoglossa Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 69, 1855.

Plantae floresque coriaceae. Pedunculus is ats con Sepala carnosa ented verruco-

sa. Petalorum calli non protuberantes. Labellum g jue verrucosu

This is a large Andean taxon of 42s species acneutshed ee coarse, caepitose

plants with thickly coriaceous leaves borne by shorter, stout ramicauls, and a sin-

gle-flowered, terete peduncle. The sepals are usually thickly fleshy, variously

connate into a cup or tube, and often verrucose within. The ovary is smooth. The

petals are cartilaginous without a prominent, descending process, but the labellar

margin is often obtusely angled. The lip is thick, more or less oblong, entire and

undivided by lateral folds. The obtuse apex is verrucose (with rare exceptions), the

base more or less cordate with the basal lobes often concave.

ey angulata (Rchb. f.) Luer, comb. no Byrsella atahualpa (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia angulata Rchb. f., Otia Bot Hamburgensia __Bas.: Masdevallia atahualpa Luer, Selbyana 7: 102.1982,

15, 8. Byrsella belua (K6niger & D’ Alessandro) Luer, comb. nov.

I (I & Sijm) Luer, co Bas.: Masdevallia belua Ko6niger & D’ Alessandro, Die

Bas.: Masdevallia anomala Luer & Sijm, cece Syst. Bot. Orchidee 44: 142, 1993.

Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 227a, 2002

8 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1: 599, 1881.

193, 1978.

15:

167, 1979.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 9

DIODONOPSIS

saa eee & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 252, 2001.

asdevallia pygmaea Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 92, 1925 [=Diodo-

an pygmaea eal ) Pridge on & M.W.Chase].

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Pygmaeia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 15, 1986.

Syn.: Masdevallia subgen. Pygmaeia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000.

This small taxon, presently composed of three species from Central America

and the Andes, was recognized at the sectional level (Luer, 1986), and subgeneric

level (Luer, 2000), It 1s characterized by small, caespitose plants with short rami-

cauls; a slender peduncle; and densely spiculate-papillose ovaries. The flowers of

two species are solitary, and the third species is successively flowered. The sepals

are caudate and connate into a short tube or cup. The petals are callous along the

lower half, and the lip is oblong.

Although only the DNA of Masdevallia erinacea Rchb.f. was analysed

(Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2001), M@. pygmaea Kraenzl. was designated the type of

the genus. When the DNA of M. pygmaea is finally sequenced, it may indicate a

a change in relationships.

W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 253, 2001.

_Bas.: Masdevallia anachaeta Rchb.f, Otia Bot . Hamburgensa al: a02 1878.

(Rchl Lindleyana 16: 253, 2001

: Masdevallia erinacea Rchb. ss ee re i: 1877.

Diodonopsi pygmaea (Kraenzl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 253, 2001.

| Masdevallia pygmaea Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 92, 1925.

FISSIA

Fissia (Luer) Luer, stat. et gen. no

ype: Masdevallia picturata Rchb.f., oa Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 16, 1878.

Syn.: Masdevallia subgenus Fissia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Fissae Rchb.f. pro parte, Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 16, 1878.

Previously recognized at the subgeneric level, this small genus of three species

is characterized by a small, caespitose habit; a single-flowered peduncle; an inflated

floral bract enclosing an ovary with markedly undulate lamellae; free sepals; petals

callous on the labellar margin, producing a rounded process above the base, and

with a sharply tridentate apex; and an oblong lip with marginal folds that divide it

into an epichile and a hypochile.

Fissia picturata (Rchb.f.) Luer is widely distributed in numerous variations

from Central America and the Andes. In one locality in Colombia, it appears to

hybridize with Spilotantha amanda (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Luer to produce Spilotantha

alvaroi (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, a presumed hybrid between the two.

Fissi tica (1 & R.Escobar) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: li tica Luer & R.Escobar, Gr dslset 13: 88, 1978.

a picturata (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

| Masdevallia picturata Rchb.f, Ot Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 16, 1878.

Fissia aa an ae (Luer) Luer, com ee nov.

I r, Selbyana 3: 218, 1976.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

LUZAMA

Luzama Luer, gen. n

Type: iii ace Luer & Malo, Phytologia 39: 185, 1978 [=Luzama amaluzae (Luer &

Malo) Lue

Ety.: ee is an anagram of Amaluza.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Amaluzae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 18, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia amaluzae Luer & Malo, Phytologia 39: 185, 1978.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Aphanes Luer, si Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 18, 1986, pro

parte, excluding hoeijeri and pterygiophor

Type: Masdevallia aphanes Koniger, Die Orchidee 30: 196, 1979,

Planta

petalorum non protuberantes

parvae. Racemus successiviflorus. Sepala et ovarium plus minusve papilloso-carinata. Calli

This Andean genus with more than 30 variable species is most concentrated in

southern Ecuador. It is characterized by a small, caespitose habit with short rami-

cauls, and a slender erect or prone peduncle with a single flower that is followed at

intervals by a second or more flowers. The veins of the sepals are often thickened

and minutely papillose at the ovary which is often ribbed, carinate, or verrucose-

carinate, to nearly smooth. The sepals are connate into a short tube or cup, and

with or without tails. The petals are callous along the lower half, and the lip is

oblong and entire with various modifications. Although there is no distinctive

feature, except for the papillae at the bases of the sepals which are not always

present, the species are usually easily recognized by the few characters listed above.

Its union with Masdevallia section Aphanes is suggested by DNA analyses (Abele

et al., 2005)

J J

Bas.: Masdevalli

1978.

Luzama aphanes (Koniger) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: ee aphanes K6niger, Die Orchidee 30: 196,

: 87

2, AAanIn\ T

mb. nov

, Phytologia 39: 185,

2, AA nl]

omb. n

2 niger, Die Orchidee 37: 106, 1986.

Luzama aurorae (Luer & uer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia aurorae Luer & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 8:

_ 39, 1993.

ta) Lu

Bas.: Masdevallia oe “ok fs Raia a oe 4:

_ 105, 1989.

is (I 2. AAalA\ T war co mb n

as.: Masdevalli I & Malo "Phytologia 39:

191, 1978.

Luzama chaucae (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Masdevallia chaucae Luer, Monee Syst. Bot. Missouri

_ Bot. Gard. 95: 287, 2004

i é (K 1 1.) I uer, comb. n

, Bull Nee Inform

We ye 1 ee

Bas.: Masd

_ 106, 1925.

ee /TN TD eo, £1 oi ee \‘\ T

aaa no

Bas Laelia collantesii D.E.Benn. & Christenson,

“Lindleyana 13: 3S; 1998.

endrect) Luer, comb. nov

AA a 1): aes T 22.259

1988.

eae gemmula (Luer & V.N.M.Rao) Luer, comb. n

.. Masdevallia gemmula Luer & V.N.M.Rao, ee of

-“Masdevallia 28: ?, 2006

je Istrém) Luer, co on

Masd & Dalstrom i ieee Q:

“108 1994.

Rr R -Escobar) Luer, comb. n

R.Esc obar, Scones 1: 170,

LA y Ti: i }

Bas.:

1991.

Luzama lynniana (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia lynniana Luer, Monn Syst. Bot.

sie uri Bot. Gard. 95: 247, 2004.

Luza R Andreetta) I uer, comb. no

Bas. a sdevalli Hie And reetta, Lindleyana

3: 201, 1988.

I ) Luer

Bas.: Masdevallia mataxa ae & H. Wen. on Grchiise

44:

178,

oo mentosa (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Phytologia 39: 212, 1978.

(I Porti mb. nov

Bas.: Masdevallia merinoi Luer & Portilla, Monogr. Syst.

_ Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 151, 1999.

Bas.: Masdevallia paquishae Luer & Hirtz, a ae a

_ 204, 1988.

2, AA alna\ T wear CO mb n

Bas.: levalli & Malo Scie 39: 220,

_ 1978.

lant 1.) Luer, comb

Bas.: Specklinia sie on & Endl., Nov. ann Sp.

Pl. 1: 51, t. 89A, 1835.

Luzama pyknosepala (Luer & Cloes) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia pyknosepala Luer & Cloes, Motor Syst.

_ Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 489, si

& Andreet

Bas.: Masdevallia sanchezii Luer 8 ace Suan

47: 68, 1980.

Luzama scalpellifera (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masavaitia scalpellifera Luer, faa Papers in

Botany

oe schizos stigma a (Luer) Luer, comb. no

| Masdevallia schizostigma Luer, Mono Syst. Bot.

Tr 114, 1998.

RR - Vasquez) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Masdevalli. 8 R. Vasquez, Phytologia 55:

199, 1984.

seen setipes (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov.

. Masdevallia setipes Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov.

Regt Veg. 27: 38, 1929.

Bas.: Masdevallia smallmaniana ce een Syst. Bot.

_ Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 505b, 2002.

Bas:.: Masdevallia strattoniana Luer & Hitz, ea Syst.

Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 505a, eae

a trifurcata (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Dalla s 11: 190, 1996.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 11

MEGEMA

Megema (Luer) Luer, gen. no

e: Masdevallia cucullata aa Orch. Lind. 4, 1846 [=Megema cucullata (Lind].) Luer].

Ety.: From the Greek mega-, “‘large,’’ and heima, ‘‘a garment,” referring to the sheaths and bract.

Syn.: Masdevallia subgenus Cucullatia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Cucullatae Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 10: 72, 1878.

Herbae ace Pedunculus teres uniflorus bractea florali grandissima cucullata. Petala carnosa ad

apicem singular

This is a small Andean genus of seven species characterized by large, caespitose

plants with loose, imbricating sheaths about stout ramicauls that bear thickly coria-

ceous leaves. A single, large, durable flower is partially engulfed by a large, cu-

cullate floral bract that hides the rugose ovary. The sepals are semiconnate into a

rigid cup or tube. The apices of the thick petals are more or less verrucose or twist-

ed. The lip is divided by marginal folds into an epichile and hypochile. One over-

looked species, Megema macrura (Rchb.f.) Luer, had been hiding in Masdevallia

section Coriaceae.

M ta) Lue

Bas.: Masdevallia cerastes = &R. ao. Oates Bas.: Masdevallia ee bier & rete tee

15251; 1978. 3: 198, 1

t (Derhk £\T

Megema macrura (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia corniculata Rchbf., Gad chioik n.s., Bas.: Masdevallia macrura Rchb.f., Gard. Cn. n.s., 1:

, 1878. 240, 1874.

Megema cucullata (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n Megema vidua (Luer & Andreetta) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia cucuiatG Lindl., Orch. id 4, 1846. Bas.: Masdevallia vidua Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana:

N uer, comb. nov 3: 207, 1988.

Bas.: Masdevallia delhierroi Luer : Hirtz, Lindleyana

8: 42, 1993.

PETALODON

Petalodon Luer, gen.

Type: Masdevallia aii LOW iams, Amer. Orchid. Soc. Bull. 11: 93, 1943.

Ety.: From the Greek ae eae petal,’ referring to

Syn.: LA 7 We L AA

t. Dentatae (Luer) Luer.

dunculus teres sieeeseivi toni — sepalorum ad basim geniculata. Petala ad basim crassis-

sime dentata. Labellum integrum oblongum

This is a small genus of four species from the Andes and adjacent Panama. It is

distinguished by caespitose habit; a congested, successively flowered raceme borne

by a terete peduncle; sepals connate into a geniculate, sepaline cup; cartilagenous

petals with a basal callus that appears as a pair, or a fused pair of processes; and an

entire, oblong, non-verrucose lip.

11: 95, 1942.

108, 1989.

13, 1976.

175, 1991.

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PTEROON

Pteroon Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Masdevallia hoeijeri Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 1: 184, 1986 [=Pteroon hoeijeri (Luer) Luer].

Ety.: From the Greek, ptero- and o6n, “winged egg,”’ referring to the lamellate ovary.

Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Pterygiophorae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10,

ype: Masdevallia pterygiophora 7 & R.Escobar, Lindleyana 3: 50, 1988 [=Pteroon ptery-

giophora (Luer & R.Escobar) Lue

yn.: Masdevallia sect. Aphanes fice pro parte, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 18,

1986.

Plantae parvae. Racemus uniflorus. Ovarium laminatum cristatu m. Sepala carnosa Petala oblonga

Labellum oblongum.

In habit similar to Luzama Luer, this genus contains only two small species with

fleshy flowers that are distinguished by the plate-like carinae of the ovaries that

overlap the bases of the sepals. Previously treated in Masvevallia subgenus Pyg-

maeia section Aphanes (Luer, 2000a) [=Luzama], DNA analysis (Abele et al.,

2005) indicates that Pteroon Luer should be excluded not only from Luzama, but

also from Diodonopsis Pridgeon & M.W.Chase.

Pteroon is characterized by a small, sean habit with short ramicauls, and

a Slender suberect peduncle with a single flower. The ovary is broadly laminate

with the laminae overlapping the bases of the sepa. The sepals are connate into a

short tube with thick apices or short terete tails, and with veins thickened and sub-

carinate. The petals and lip are oblong and obtuse.

Pt I ij i (I irtz) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Masdevallia hoeijeri Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 1: 184, 1986.

Pteroon pterygi a ra ( Luer & R. Escob uer, r, comb. nov

Bas.: Masdevallic yg cobar y 3: 50, 1988.

REGALIA

<—— Luer, gen. nov

Type: Masdevallia dura Luer, Hie baraoenat 39: M1, E218 [=Regalia dura i Meuet) Luer].

Ety.: From the Latin regalis, “‘royal,”’ ref idi

Syn.: Masdevallia subsection Durae Luer, Moavae Syst Bot. Missoni Bot. eae 23, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia dura Luer, Phytologia 39: 197, 1978 [=Regalia dura (Luer) L

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Durae (Luer) Luer, pro parte, Monogr. Syst. Bot. ciecone Bot. Gard. 77:

Plantae robustae grandes. Flores carnosi caudati. Petala crassissima truncata. Labellum ad basim

bicavernosum.

A small but remarkable Andean genus of ten species [including an exceptional

one from Panama, Regalia utriculata (Luer) Luer, of smaller size and without tails

of the lateral sepals], that is characterized usually by a large habit with stout rami-

cauls and thickly coriaceous leaves. The peduncle produces in slow succession a

raceme of large, rigid, fleshy, long-lasting flowers that are long-caudate. The petals

are thickly cartilagenous, paddle-shaped and truncate. The lip is oblong and thick

with a pair of concavities at the base. This genus appears to be allied to single-

flowered Byrsella Luer.

Regalia ayabacana (Luer) Luer, comb. n Regalia princeps (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia ayabacana Luer, PE acids 39: 189, Bas.: Masdevallia princeps Luer, Lindleyana 9: 108, 1994.

Regalia regina (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Regalia dura (Luer) Luer, comb. n Bas.: Masdevallia regina Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri

asdevallia dura Luer, Phytologi 39: 197, oo Bot. Gard. 65: 113, 1998.

Regalia goliat th (Luer & Andreetta) L comb. n —. robusta (Luer) a comb. n

| Masdevallia soliath Luer & hae a Noval 2: 6, Masdev | as obusta Luer, vee Syst. Bot. Missouri

ot. Gard. 7 1998.

Regalia newmaniana (Luer & sa cay Luer, comb. nov. ca. titan es Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia newmaniana Luer & Teague, Monogr. as.: Masdevallia titan Luer, H 1 Papers in Botany 9: 6,

ee t. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: IIL. 1998. 1996.

R & Andreetta) Luer, Regalia utriculata (Luer) Luer, comb. n

: Masdevallia panguiénsis Luer & faecal ae Bas.: Masdevallia utriculata Luer, Seen 44: 169, 1979.

ine 54: 383, 1983.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

REICHANTHA

Reichantha Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Masdevallia schroederiana ned ex Veitch, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 8: 51, 1890 [=Reichantha

SEnTOeGeVANG (Sander ¢ ex Nese

feeb. ted tl uthority On orchi ds.

Syn.: devalli t.R hi Woolward, por parte, The Genus Masdevallia, sect. X,

1896.

Type: Masdevallia reichenbachiana Endres ex Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 4: 1875 [=Reichantha

r).

pee (Endres ex Rehb. f. ) Lue

Syn (XV,

{ Woolward) ) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

"Gard. 16: 48, 1986.

ae mediocres vel grandes. Pedunculus teres uni- vel pauciflorus. Petala oblonga callo sine

processu. Labellum oblongum leviter bicallosum.

This genus of mostly Central American species is distinguished by a caespitose

habit; a single flower or a successively flowered raceme, except one with two simul-

taneous flowers, borne by a terete peduncle; sepals long-tailed; petals callous on the

lower half without a protruding process; and an entire, more or less oblong lip with

a pair of often indistinct longitudinal calli on or above the middle third.

Reichantha striatella is transferred here from Masdevallia sect. Polyanthae

because its affinity to the other Central American species is greater than its affinity

to the Andean species of section Polyantha. Two putative hybrids [Masdevallia

enallax (K6niger) and M. polita (Luer)] treated in M. section Reichenbachianae

(Luer, 2000b) are excluded.

ee a (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. no

vallia calura Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 19:

230, 1883,

Reichantha chasei (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia chasei a Phytologi 46: 394, 1980.

Reichantha ea is (Rchb.f.) L

Bas.: Mas ia cupularis Rehb f, ere Orch. Centr.

-Amer. 93, 18

Reichantha demissa (Rehb. E f.) Luer, ee

Bas a ser. 3, 2: 9,

1887.

(T Oo, Afandien\ T r ane no

uer, Mone:

“Syst Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: pile: 2602.

Bas.: Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe, oe Chron. ser. 3, 8:

_ 325, 189 90.

Oo, AAadiirn\ T oe: Sse

Luer, Monon

“syst B Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: — 2002.

Ont

Ad adnnr

} Wye 7 ] JT

I aden 10: 20,

1995.

Reichantha eh aa (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

vallia marginella Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 20:

38, 1883

Reichantha mejiana (Garay) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia mejiana Garay, Orsuideotoat 6: 17, 1970.

Reichantha ostaurina (Luer & V.N. Here ) comb. nov.

s.: Masdevallia ostaurina Luer & er

_ Mon nogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. ‘Gard. 95: 251, 2003.

comb. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia reichenbachiana Endres ex Rchb.f., Gard.

_ Chron. n. S., 4: 257, 1875.

Bas.: Masdevallia ae aha eee a cian ser. 3, 9:

488, 1891.

Reichantha schroederiana Sinaied ex Veitch) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Masdevallia schroederiana Sander ex Veitch, Gard.

_ Chron. ‘Ser. 3, 8: 1,

as.: Masdevallia striatella Rchb. Ts, oa Chron, n.S.,

103, 24 July 1886.

yee thienii (Dodson) Luer, comb. n

.: Masdevallia thienii Dodson, "Selbyana 2: 54, 1977.

ii (Wi , comb. nov

Bas.: Masdevailia tonduzii Woolward, ‘Bull. Herb. Boissier

ser. 2,

Reichantha walteri (Luer) Luer, comb. n

.| Masdevallia walteri Luer, Shae: 151, 1979.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

RODRIGOA

Rodrigoa Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 203, 1979.

ype: Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 257,

Ety.; Named in honor of Rodrigo Escobar R. of Medellin, Colombia, od authority on the

orchids of Colombia

Syn.: Masdevallia sect n. Meleagris Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri we Gard. 16: 51, 1986.

Type: Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 257, 1845.

This genus of 12 species of the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador (with one

species, Rodrigoa parvula (Schlitr.) Luer, occurring also in Peru and Bolivia) was

recognized by Lothar Braas in 1979. Rodrigoa Braas is distinguished from Masde-

vallia Ruiz & Pav. by thinly coriaceous leaves that taper into a more or less condu-

plicate petiole, within which the slender peduncle ascends to bear a successively

few-flowered raceme. The dorsal sepal is free from the laterals that are connate

basally and deflexed from a shallow cup. The petals are marginally callus without a

descending process, and the lip is variable.

To the genus Rodrigoa Braas the following six transfers need to be made from

Masdevallia. Of the species originally included, Rodrigoa bilabiata (Kraenzl.)

Braas is a synonym of Masdevallia platyglossa Rchb.f., R. cryptocopis (Kraenzl.)

Braas is a synonym of Fissia picturata (Rchb.f.) Luer, and R. diversifolia (Schltr.)

Braas is a synonym of R. parvula (Schltr.) Luer.

wD Te. 1 ° fT

Rodrigoa alexandri (Luer) Braas, Die Orchidee 33(4): 147, g

Rr sce Luer, comb. n

AA A TI;

logia 5: 79,

1970.

Rodrigoa fasciata (Rchb.f.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218,

Bas.: Masdevallia fasciata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 15(1): 202,

Rodrigoa heteroptera (Rchb.f.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218,

1979,

Bas.: Masdevallia heteroptera Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 3(1):

590, 187 5.

Rodri i (Lt uer & R Escobar) Luer

I llia |} uer & R Es ae Orquideo-

: ili i Lue are Hirtz, Mace: Syst. Bot

Bas.: Masdevallia alexandri Luer, Phytologia 46: 347, 1980. “Missour Bot. Gard. 91: eae 2002.

Rodri i ph (G y) Luer, comb. nov goa f r & Hirt z) Luer, comb. n

bhaG y O 1 id Z, aan: 227 1h.

7 TI=

Bas.: M t 8 Hi

Rodrigoa parvula (Schlitr.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Masdevallia parvula Schlitr., Repert. ek Nov. Regni

_ Veg. Beih. 8: 49, 1921.

} (I & R.Escobar) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masai Li | I fcTLuer & R ic cobar, dea

S: 50, 1988.

(Luer & R.Escobar) Braas 30: 219, 1979.

Bas.: Masdevallia . segurae Luer & R. Escobar, omnes

13:1 197 8.

tz) Luer

per 16: Bas.: Masdevallia ximenae Ga & Hirt, pe 1 171,199).

154,

Rodrigoa nas ind. ) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218,

1979,

Bas.: Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15:

257, 1845.

SPECTACULUM

Spectaculum Luer, gen. no

Type: Masdevallia racemosa tina Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 256, 1845 [Spectaculum

racemosum (Lindl.) Luer].

Ety.: From the ne Spectaculum, *

with one s

Syn.: Meas sect. Racemosae Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia sect. 1X, 1896.

Planta longirepens. Racem a speciosus. Sepala in tubum connata; synsepalum expansum

ecaudatum. Petala labellumque simplici

This unispecific genus is unique in the Pleurothallidinae by virtue of the long-

repent habit; coriaceous, elliptical leaves; a loose, elongating inflorescence of

successive and simultaneous flowers; deeply connate sepals with the lateral sepals

connate into a broadly expanded synsepal without tails; elliptical, acute petals; and

a simple, oblong lip.

‘a spectacular sight,’ referring to the uniqueness of the genus

Spectaculum racemosum (Lindl.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Masdevallia racemosa Lindl., Ann. Mae. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 256, 1845.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 15

SPILOTANTHA

ee Luer, gen. n

Type: Masdevallia cmanda Rchb. f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 115, 1854 [=Spilotantha amanda

(Rchb.f. & Warsz.) L

Ety.: From the Greek splot, ‘spotted,’’ and -antha, “flower.”

Syn.: Amanda Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 10, 1986.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Amandae Re hb.f., Gard. “Chron. n. Suz:

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Polystictae Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 32, 1925.

Plantae plerumque grandes. Pedunculus teres. Racemus pauci- ad multiflorus. Bracteae florales

plus minusve inflatae. Ovarium carinatum. Sepala caudata.

This neotropical genus of at least 36 known, Andean species and one species

from Central America, is well-known to botanists and hobbyists. It is characterized

by both large and small plants; ramicauls shorter than coriaceous leaves; an erect

raceme with carinate or crested ovaries with more or less inflated floral bracts, and

borne by a terete peduncle; sepals usually long-caudate and variously connate into a

shallow cup or arcuate-cylindrical tube; petals callous on the lower half, and often

denticulate along the margins; and the lip more or less divided by marginal folds

into a hypochile and a smaller epichile.

(I comb. nov

AA 7 Tye : 7 L ant ée~t a. 419

Bas.: } I uer, Phy g :

1978.

Spilotantha ova-avis (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia ova-avis Luer, Pieices 217, 1978.

eee pachyura (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Masdevallia pachyura Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 2:

Spilotantha polysticta (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia ey ag Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 1:

Bas.: Masdevallia pozoi Kéniger, Die Orchidee 44: 180,

Snilotantl i (J 2: Andreetta) I uer, comb

Bas Maciel oa Luer & Andreetta,

Phytologia 47: 66, 1

Spilotantha rafaeliana (L uer) Luer, comb. n

"Bas. Masdevallia rafaeliana Luer, Selbyana 5. 149, 1979.

mb. nov

Bas.: Masdevallia segrex Luer & Hirtz, Gee Syst. Bot.

194, _ Missouri Bot. Gard. S1: oe 2002.

ndi reetta) Luer. comb. n

as.: Masdevalli t I An di reetta, a 171,

194, 1978. “181

Bas.: Masdevallia ea naa Luer & Hirtz, ene 9:

_ il, 1994.

Bas.: Masdevallia oe Luer & Hirt rtz, ae ae

Sshot t. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 299 ee 2005.

comb. nov

as.: Masdevallia sentaculata Luer, Selbyana 7; 112, 1982.

Splotantha tridens (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

as.: Masdevallia oe Rchb.f, Otia Bot. a anburseasia

Spilotantha vittatula (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, comb. nov.

rots vittatula Luer & R.Escobar, Harvard Pap.

“Bot ‘9:9 1996.

Bas.: Masdevallia ee Rchb. L.3 Gard. ca. n.s.,

8 552, 1877.

2, AAain\ 71

& 7

( mb. no

Bas.: Masdevalli ial & Malo. " Selbyana e 395,

1981.

16 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

STREPTOURA

st? aster Luer, stat. & gen

Type: Masdevallia Gandivolvula ae Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 128, 1922 [=Strep-

toura Sane (Kraenzl.) Luer].

Syn.: Masdevallia subgen. Volvula Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000.

This unispecfic genus for a unique Colombian species is distinguished by a

thick, rigid sepaline tube with very thick carinae along the veins within, the sepals

terminating in thick, twisted, corkscrew-like tails.

very close relationship with Megema Luer is suggested by recent analyses of

DNA (Abele et al. 2005). Streptoura agrees in some respects (loose cauline

sheaths, single flowers, and a divided lip), but the floral bract is not cucullate and

covering the ovary, the tips of the petals are tridentate, not verrucose, and the sepa-

line carinae and twisted tails are like no others.

” Bas.: Masdevallia sais He ee Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 128, 1922.

TRIOTOSIPHON

Triotosiphon Schltr. ex Luer, gen.

ype: Masdevallia ee Schltr., oe ee Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 41, 1922 [=Triotosiphon

bangii (Schltr.) Lue

Syn.: Triotosiphon ous Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beith. 10: 42, 1922, nomen nudum.

Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Triotosiphon (Schltr.) Sweet, nomen ille

Plantae parvae uniflorae. Sepala in tubum supra medium constrictum profunde connata. Labellum

bicarinatum.

This small genus of six minute, short-stemmed, single-flowered, caespitose

plants are native to the northern coast of South America and the Andes at lower

altitudes. The sepals are deeply connate into a tube that is more or less constricted

above the middle, the petals are more or less simple, and the lip is bicallous.

le pl

Triotosiphon bangii (Schltr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia bangii Schltr., Repert. cae Nov. Regni Bas.: Masdevallia eee eee. Do ave "Leatl.

44, 1978

Veg. Beih. 10: 41, 1922. 26:

Triotosiphon gnoma (Sweet) Luer, comb. n T ii (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

B asdevallia gnoma Sweet, Bot. Mus. ‘Leatl. 26: 41, Bas.: Masdevallia ansbera Rchb.f., Nederl. Kruidk.

1978. Arch. 4: 317, 1

ep isoat sen irapana (Sweet) Luer, comb. nov Triotosiphon (S

I t, Bot. Mus Leafl 26: 42, Bas:.: Masten venezuelana Sweet, Bot, a Leafl.

1978, 26: 47, 1978.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 17

ZAHLERIA

Zahleria Luer, gen. nov

Type: Masdevallia zahlbruckneri ele Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 413, 1921 [=Zahl-

brunia edie cabeiia ene ) Lue

friend OI f Kranzlin.

av a

Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Zahlbrucknerae fae pro forte: Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

77: 10, 2000.

Type: Masdevallia zahlbruckneri Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 413, 1921 [=Zahl-

neria zahlbruckneri (Kraenzl.) Luer].

Syn.: M. 7 Ie t Wabll 1, T

82: 432, 2000.

Plantae parvae racemosae. Sepala longicaudata in tubum connata. Petala infra callosa cum processo

basali.

uer pro parte, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

This is a small genus of three species, previously treated as subsection Zahl-

brucknerae of Masdevallia, is distinguished by a slender, successively flowered

peduncle; long-tailed sepals connate into a tube; acute petals with a red, longitudin-

al callus on the lower half ending in a retrorse process; and an oblong, subacute lip.

a naranjapatae (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Seba 5: 375, 1978.

ry Li e oO. 7

Lahileria ( Escobar ) ] uer, com OV

Bas.: Masdevalli R.Escoba ar, Lindleyana 3: 211, 1988.

7.1L]

Bas.: Masdevallia enna me oe Notisbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 128, 1922.

REFERENCES

Abele, D., B. Rudolph, J. Thiede & J.G. Rohwer, 2005. Phylogeny of the genus Masdevallia Ruiz &

Pav. based on morphological and molecular data. 18th World Orchid Conference, Dijon, France, 111-

115.

Luer, C.A., 2000a. Icones Pl thallidi XIX. Systematics of Masdevallia part one. Monogr. Syst.

Bot. Missouri ao — TT: 1- 264.

peeeeeeees 2000b. I XXI. Systematics of Masdevallia part t Monogr. Syst.

Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 265-518.

non a-n-------- 2001. Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXII. Systematics of Masdevallia part three. Monogr.

Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86: 519-780.

w------------- 2002. Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXIII. Systematics of Masdevallia part four. Monogr.

Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 781-1047.

non n nnn nn anne 2003. Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXV. Systematics of Masdevallia part five. Monogr.

Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 1049-1293

Pridgeon, A. M. & M. W. Chase, 2001. A phylogeneti ificati f Pl thallidi Lindleyana

16(4): 235-271.

18 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Acinopetala 1, 2,3

Alaticaulia luzae-mariae 5

Acinopetala adamsii 3 ata 5

sg en a

stri a

arangoi martineae 5 at

attenuata 3 martiniana 5 Byrcel ella. 125734

chontalensis 3 mascarata 5 Byrcella angulata 7

crescenticola 3 mayaycu 5 anomala 7

eola usa 5 eae 7

floribunda 3 melanoxantha 4,5 belua

geminiflora 3 menatoi 5 bonplan ndii 8

gutierrezii 3 mezae 5 bourdetteana 8

herradurae 3 monogona 5

laucheana 3 navicularis 5 caesia 8

livingstoneana 3 norae 5 campyligkossa 8

inuta 3 civilis §

nicaraguae 3 odontopetala 4, 5 colossus 8

scadoénsis 3 is riacea

scabrilinguis 3 oreas 5 elephanticeps 8

schizopetala 3 oscitans 5 ens

tokachiorum 3 pastinata 5 fractiflexa 8

tubuliflora 3 patchicutzae 5 fragrans 8

endlandiana 3 be argantua 8

Alati »4 enix hi lodes 8

Alaticaulia acrochordonia 4 pinocchio 5 lappifera

plynophora 5 leontoglossa 8

aenigma 4 portillae 5 lilianiae

aguirrei 4 posadae macroglossa 8

ametroglossa priscilliana 6 aloi 8

se tees 4 proboscoidea 6 misasii 8

anfracta 4 prolixa mooreana 8

barrowii prosartema 6 murex 8

icolor xis 6

brachyantha 4 receptrix pachyantha 8

brachyur rechingeriana 6 pachysepala 8

brenneri 4 recurvata pardina 8

bryophila 4 richardsoniana 6 Lae 8

buccinator 4 rolandorum 6

pic

patyglossa 8

iantha sangul 6 ens

carrolloi 4 sceptrum 6 nee: -rosae 8

carruthersiana 4 schlimii 6 semiteres

cinnamomea schudelii 6 spilantha 8

cocapatae 4 scitula sumapazensis 8

concinna 4 torta 8

cosmia serendipita 6 velella 8

cuprea 4 ifera

curtipes 4 Diodonopsis 1,9, 12

eceptrix 4 one 6 achaeta 9

descendens 5 sti 6 erinacea 9

discoidea 5 ayithesis 6 pygma

don-quijote 5 telloi 6 Fissia 1, 2,9

do theletira 6 utica

dra sa

empusa 5 tsubotae 6 zana ;

meces 5 vargasil 6 amaluz

excelsior 5 us 6 aphanes 10

fosterae 1 6 audax

frilehmannii 5 virgo-cuencae 6 aurorae 10

yarciae omeris erthae 1

puttulata 5 weberbaueri 6 armenensis 10

Igae hiteana 6 chaucae

mpostor 5 wuerstlei 6 imboénsis 10

nfracta 5 xylina 6 collantesii 10

ngridiana 5 zumbae 6 expers 1

sos 5 Buccella 1, 2,7 emmula 10

jarae 5 Buccella bucculenta 7 eniae 1

kuhniorum 5 indecora 10

ata 5 lynniana 10

enae 5 molossoides 7 manchinazae 10

intricula 5 molossus 7 mataxa 10

oui 5 nidifica 7 mentosa 10

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

Luzana merinoi 10

paquishae

scaplellifera 10

schizostigma 1

scopaea

mallmaniana 10

suo a l

trifurcata 1

Masdevallia 1,2, 14

subgen. i

t ae 7, l

sect. Cucullatae 11

sect. Dentatae 1

sect. Du

sect. Fis

sect. Flo e

Sect. Reichenbachiana 13

sect. Triotosiphon

sect. Zahlbrucknerae 3, 16

subsect. Durae —

subsect. Pterygi See

subsect. | ae Sa 13

subse erae 1

Masdevallia eGR ai

buccule

Saboor ord: 15

one 8

caloptra 15

calura 13

campyloglossa 8

carruthersiana 4

caudivolvula 16

chaetostoma 15

chontalensis 3

Masdevallia cinnamomea 4

osmia 4

crescenticola 3

a ll

cuprea

cupularis 13

ryada

dunstervillei 5

ura 12

dynastes 7

eburnea

echo

elephanticeps 8

empusa 5

leathersii 15

lehmannii 15

Masdevallia lenae 5

intricula 5

livingstoneana 3

oui 5

uziae-mariae 5

macroglossa 8

macrogenia 11

marginella 13

martiniana 5

mascarata 5

naranjapatae 16

navicularis 5

norae 5

newmanniana 12

odontopetala 4,5

omorenoi 5

re 7

picturata 9

pinocchio 5

planadensis 14

platyglossa 8, 14

ane na 9

plynophora

lita

pout

polysticts 15

priscillana 6

proboscoidea 6

Masdevallia prosartema 6

racemosa 14

richar dsoniana 6

scabrilinguis 3

ee 3

schlim

schroederiana 13

serendipita 6

sernae 6

rtula 15

spilantha 8

sprucei

sumapazensis 8

staaliana 15

stenorhynchos 6

tokachiorum 3

tonduzii 13

virgo-cuencae 6

vittatula 15

vomeris 6

walteri 13

weberbaueri 6

wendlandiana 3

whiteana

xanthodactyla 15

i 14

xylina

zahlbruckneri 16

zapatae 11

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Masdevallia zumbae 6

zygl

Megema 1,1

Megema cerastes 11

vidua 5

Pe talo doa

ankesteriana 13

marginella 13

mejiana

ostaurina 13

reichenbachiana 13

rolfeana

Pa 13

tella 1

Spectaculum 1, 14

Spectaculum racemosum 14

Spilotantha

Spilotantha abbreviata 15

alvaroi 9,15

> a 9,15

ceps

bulbophyllopsi 15

calopt 15

ena 15

corazonica 15

dalstroemii 15

delphina

densiflora 15

dimorphotricha 15

oe graminea 15

drae 15

porphyrea 15

pulcherrima 15

rafaeliana 15

xanthodactyla 15

zygia 15

Streptoura 1, 2, 16

Streptoura caudivolvula 16

Triotosiphon 1, 16

Se bangii 16

1,2, 16

ser a 16

vieira 6

fabibmickacene 16

SYSTEMATICS OF SPECKLINIA LINDL. AND

VEGETATIVELY SIMILAR GENERA (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

dismemberment of the ities polyphyletic ae Specklinia Lindl., as previously conceived,

is propo osed with Tecognition of te

of vegetative similarity, their identification will

with black and white drawings, and a master key to all the vegetatively similar species is given.

New genera:

Dondodia Luer

Tridelta Luer

New species:

Muscarella rojohnii Luer

carella werneri Luer

Specklinia pectinifera Luer & Hirtz

New combinations:

Dondodia erosa (Garay) Luer

Gerardoa montezumae (Luer) Luer

Muscarella ancora (Luer & R. Vasquez) Luer

Muscarella claviculata (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Muscarella clavigera (Luer) Luer

Muscarella coeloglossa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Muscarella corynetes (Luer & R. Vasquez) Luer

Muscarella cynocephala (Luer) Luer

Muscarella delicatula (Lindl.) Luer

Muscarella echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Muscarella exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.

Hawkes) Luer

Muscarella fimbriata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Muscarella fuchsii (Luer) Luer

Muscarella furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Muscarella gongylodes (Luer) Luer

Muscarella helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Luer

Muscarella herpestes (Luer) Luer

Muscarella ichthyonekys (Luer) Luer

Muscarella infinita (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Muscarella intonsa (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Muscarella kennedyi (Luer) Luer

Muscarella la Foldats) Luer

Muscarella lipothrix (Luer) Luer

Muscarella llamachoi (Luer) Luer

Muscarella longilabris (Lind].) Luer

Muscarella macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer

Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer

Muscarella megalops (Luer) L

Muscarella oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

tilahric

Muscarella perangusta (Luer) Luer

Muscarella quinquiseta (Ames) Luer

Muscarella samacensis (Ames) Luer

Muscarella schudelii (Luer) Luer

Muscarella semperflorens (Lindl.) Luer

Muscarella sibatensis (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer

Muscarella strumosa (Ames) Luer

Muscarella stumpflei (Luer) Lue

Muscarella tamboénsis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Muscarella tempestalis (Luer) Luer

Muscarella trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Muscarella tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Muscarella villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Muscarella xanthella (Luer) Luer

Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer

Pabstiella parvifolia (Rchb.f.) Luer

Pabstiella tripterantha (Rchb.f.) Luer

Panmorphia abbreviata (Schltr.) Luer

Panmorphia adenochila (Loefgr.) Luer

Panmorphia angulosa (Luer & Paes Luer

Panmorphia burzlaffiana (Luer & Sijm) Luer

Panmorphia casualis (Ames) Luer

Panmorphia caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer

Panmorphia corticicola (Schltr. ex Hoehne) Luer

Panmorphia cuspidata (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia dalessandroi (Luer) Lu

Panmorphia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer

Panmorphia endresii (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia escalarenis (Carnevali & Luer)

Panmorphia fastigiata (Luer & Toscano) Luer

Panmorphia fractiflexa (Ames & C.Scweinf.)

uer

Panmorphia francesiana (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer

Panmorphia gehrtii (Hoehne & Schltr.) Luer

Panmorphia githaginea (Pabst & Garay) Luer

Panmorphia grayumii (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia haberi (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia helmutii (Hoehne) Luer

Panmorphia herpethophyton (Schltr.) Luer

Panmorphia holstii (Carnevali & I.Ramirez)

Luer

Panmorphia humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer

Panmorphia imberbis (Luer . ca Luer

Panmorphia | mVERSE ae

O.Williams) Luer

Panmorphia iota (Luer) L

Panmorphia jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer

22 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Panmorphia kautskyi (Pabst) Luer

Panmorphia laciniata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer

Panmorphia lasioglossa (Schltr.) rid

Panmorphia lewisiae (Ames) Lue

Phloeophila oricola (H.Stenzel) Luer

Ronaldella aryter (Luer) Luer

Ronaldella determannii (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula acanthodes (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula acicularis (Ames & C.Schweinf.)

Luer

Panmorphia lichenophila Port & Brade) Luer Sarcinula acrisepala (Ames &

C.Sch

Panmorphia limbata (Cog

Panmorphia lobiserrata oe ee ) Luer

Panmorphia mazei (Cogn.) Luer

Panmorphia megalophora ae ee

I tr.) Luer

P i i hvt (Barb Rodr.) Luer

Panmorphi millipeda (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia minima (C.Schweinf.) Luer

Pammorphia minutalis (Lindl.) Luer

Panmorphia muricaudata (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer

Panmorphia oblanceolata (L.O.Williams) Luer

Panmorphia pachyphyta (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia paranaénsis och) ae

Panmorphia petropolitana (Hoehne) Lue

weinf.) Luer

Sarcinula alexii (A.H.Heller) Luer

Sarcinula areldii (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula barbae (Schltr.) Luer

Sarcinula brighamella (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula brighamii (S.Watson) Luer

Sarcinula calderae (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula chontalensis (A.H.Heller &

A.D.Hawkes) Luer

Sarcinula condylata (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula coronula (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula cycesis (Luer & R.Escobar)

Luer

Sarcinula displosa (Luer) Luer

ee one (Sw.) Luer

nula exilis C.Schweinf.) Luer

Panmorphia peroupavae (Hoehne & Brad Luer Sarcnul fulgens (Rchb.f.) Luer

Sarc

Panmorphia polygonoides oo ) Lue

Panmorphia cane (Foldals

ee Rodr.) Luer

Panmorphia reedii cee & Toscano) Luer

Panmorphia reptilis (Luer & Dalstrém) Luer

Panmorphia a (Luce & Ae Luer

(Hoehne) Luer

Panmorphia rudolfii (Pabst) bie

Panmorphia sanchezii (Luer & Hie Luer

panei: seriata (Lindl.), L

Panmorphia sertularioides (sw) a

Panmorphia steinbuchiae (Carnevali &

.A.Romero) r

Panmorphia tigridens (Loefgr.) Luer

Panmorphia vitorinoi (Luer & Toscano) Luer

Panmorphia welteri (Pabst) Luer

nula glandulosa (Ames) Luer

Scns I tia (Ames &

C.Schw

Sanaa jegtanihia (Schltr.) Luer

Sarcinula psichion (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula purpurella ea Luer

Sarcinula eee (Lu

R.Escobar) Lue

Sarcinula simmleriana (Rendle) Luer

Tridelta aurantiaca (Dod) Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

SPECKLINIA AND VEGETATIVELY SIMILAR TAXA

Among the more than 3,000 species of pleurothallids, hundreds of small species

characterized by ramicauls shorter than the leaves, are a baffling lot from numerous

origins, both recent and ancient. Those species with one or more distinctly differ-

ent, recognizable, floral morphological characters in common are easily separated

into respective groups called genera (i.e. Brachionidium Lind., Stelis Sw., etc.), but

all the rest are so similar vegetatively that most fell into the grand category called

Pleurothallis sensu lato, then, Specklinia Lindl.

ee ATTRIBUTABLE TO SPECKLINIA

ETATIVELY SIMILAR TAXA

aces by alphabet, excluding Brazil)

Panmorphia abbreviata (Schlitr.) Luer

Sarcinula acanthodes (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula acicularis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Sarcinula acrisepala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Sarcinula alexii (A.H.Heller) Luer

Specklinia alta (Luer) Luer

Muscarella ancora (Luer & R. Vasquez) Luer

Panmorphia angulosa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Sarcinula areldii (Luer) Luer

Muscarella aristata (Hook.) Luer

Ronaldella aryter (Luer) Luer

Fig. 100.

Fig. 49.

g. 152a, 152b.

Tridelta aurantiaca (Dod) Luer Fig. 184.

Sarcinula barbae (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 159.

Panmorphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 102a, 102b.

Tribulago blancoi (Pupulin) Luer Fig. 183

Panmorphia brevipes (H.Focke) Luer Fig. 103.

Sarcinula brighamella (Luer) Luer Fig. 160.

Sarcinula brighamii (S.Watson) Luer Fig. 161

Panmorphia acetates — - Sijm) Luer Fig. 104

Sylphia cabellensis (Rchb.f.) I Fig. 179

Sylphia cactantha oF I uer Fig. 180

Sarcinula calderae (Luer) Luer Fig. 162

Specklinia calyptrostele (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Pig..2:

Panmorphia casualis (Ames) Luer Fig. 105

Muscarella catoxys (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 50.

Panmorphia caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 106.

Proctoria caymanensis (C.D.Adams) Luer Fig. 151

Muscarella cestrochila (Garay) Luer Fig. 31.

Sarcinula chontalensis (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Luer Fig. 163

Specklinia ciliifera (Luer) Luer Fig. 3.

anmorphia clandestina (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 107

Muscarella claviculata (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 52:

Muscarella clavigera (Luer) Luer Fig. 53.

Muscarella coeloglossa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 54.

Panmorphia comayaguensis (Ames) Luer Fig. 108

Sarcinula condylata (Luer) Luer Fig. 164

Sarcinula corniculata (Sw.) Luer Fig. 165

Sarcinula coronula (Luer) Luer Fig. 166

Muscarella corynetes (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer Fig, 35,

Specklinia costaricensis (Rolfe) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Fig. 4

Specklinia curtisii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Figs):

Panmorphia cuspidata (Luer) Luer Fig. 109.

Sarcinula cycesis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 167.

Muscarella cynocephala (Luer) Luer Fig, 50;

24 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Panmorphia dalessandroi (Luer) Luer Fig. 110.

Muscarella delicatula (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 57,

Ronaldella determannii (Luer) Luer Fig. 153.

Specklinia digitalis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Fig. 6.

Sarcinula displosa (Luer) Luer Fig. 168.

Specklinia dodii (Garay) Luer Fig. 7.

Areldia dressleri (Luer) Luer Icones III, Plate. 16.

Panmorphia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer Pig, 11].

Muscarella echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 58.

Atopoglossum ekmanii (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 40.

Panmorphia endresii (Luer) Luer Fie. 112:

Dondodia erosa (Garay) Luer Fig. 42.

Panmorphia escalarenis (Carnevali & Luer) Luer Fig. 113.

Atopoglossum excentricum (Luer) Luer Fig. 41.

Muscarella exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Luer Fig. 39.

Sarcinula exilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 169.

Specklinia feuilletii (Luer) Luer Fig. S.

Muscarella fimbriata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 60.

Specklinia flosculifera (Luer) Luer Fig. 9.

Specklinia formondii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Fig. 10.

Panmorphia fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 114.

Panmorphia francesiana (Luer) Luer Fig. 115.

Muscarella fuchsii (Luer) Luer Pig; Gl.

Sylphia fuegii (Rchb.f.) Solano & Soto Arenas Fig. 181a, 181b.

Sarcinula fulgens (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 170.

Panmorphia funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer Fig. 116a, 116b.

Muscarella furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 62.

Sarcinula glandulosa (Ames) Luer Fig. 171.

Muscarella gongylodes (Luer) Luer Fig. 63.

Specklinia gracillima (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Fie; 1,

Panmorphia grayumii (Luer) Luer Fig. 117.

Specklinia grisebachiana (Cogn.) Luer Fig. 12a, 12b.

Specklinia grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros Fig. 13.

Sarcinula guanacastensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 172.

Panmorphia haberi (Luer) Luer Fig. 118.

Muscarella helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Luer Fig. 64.

Muscarella herpestes (Luer) Luer Fig, 05.

Panmorphia herpethophyton (Schlitr.) Luer Fig. 119.

Panmorphia holstii (Carnevali & I.Ramirez) Luer Fig. 120.

Panmorphia humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer Pig. 121;

Muscarella ichthyonekys (Luer) Luer Fig. 66.

Panmorphia imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig..1224,. 122.

Muscarella infinita (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 67.

Muscarella intonsa (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 68.

Panmorphia inversa (Luer) Luer Fig. 123.

Panmorphia involuta (L.O.Williams) Luer Fig. 124.

Panmorphia iota (Luer) Luer Fig. 125.

Panmorphia jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer Fig. 126.

Specklinia jesupii (Luer) Luer Fig. 14.

Chamelophyton kegelii (Rchb.f.) Garay Icones I, Plate 5.

Muscarella kennedyi (Luer) Luer Fig. 69.

Madisonia kerrii (Braga) Luer Fig. 46.

Panmorphia kuhniae (Luer) Luer Fig. 127.

Specklinia lanceola (Sw.) Lindl. Fig. 15a, fig. 15b.

Panmorphia lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 128.

Muscarella latilabris (Foldats) Luer Fig. 70.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

Sarcinula leptantha (Schltr.) Luer

Panmorphia lewisiae (Ames) Luer

Specklinia lichenicola (Griseb.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Muscarella lipothrix (Luer) Luer

Muscarella llamachoi (Luer) Luer

Muscarella longilabris (Lindl.) Luer

Masdevalliantha longiserpens (C.Schweinf.) Szlach. & Marg

Specklinia luis-diegoi (Luer) Luer

Muscarella macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer

Xenosia macrorhiza (Lindl.) Luer

Fig. 173.

Fig. 129.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 71.

Fig. 72.

Fig. 73.

Fig 47,

Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer

Masdevalliantha masdevalliopsis (Luer) Szlach. & Marg.

Panmorphia mazei (Cogn.) Luer

Panmorphia megalophora a Luer

Muscarella megalops (Luer) L

Specklinia microphylla (A. Rich, & Galeotti) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Panmorphia millipeda (Luer) Lue

Panmorphia minima (C Schweinf) Luer

Specklinia minuta (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Panmorphia minutalis (Lindl.) Luer

Specklinia mitchellii (Dod) Luer

Gerardoa montezumae (Luer) Luer

Specklinia morganii (Luer) Luer

Specklinia mornicola (Mansf.) Luer

Icones IT],

Panmorphia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer

Fig ae “135b.

g. 136.

Specklinia napintzae (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Phloeophila nummularia (Rchb.f.) Garay

Panmorphia oblanceolata (L.O.Williams) Luer

Specklinia obliquipetala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Muscarella oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Andreettaea ocella (Luer) Luer

Specklinia ordinata Luer & Dodson

Phloeophila oricola (H.Stenzel) Luer

@. 24,

Fig. 147a, iam 148c.

Panmorphia pachyphyta (Luer) Luer

Pabstiella parvifolia (Lind].) Luer

Specklinia pectinifera Luer & Hirtz

Phloeophila peperomioides (Ames) Luer

Muscarella perangusta (Luer) Luer

Specklinia picta (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia pisinna (Luer) Solano & Soto Arenas

Panmorphia polygonoides (Griseb.) Luer

Specklinia producta (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Sarcinula psichion (Luer) Luer

Lomax punctulata (Rchb.f.) Luer

Sarcinula purpurella (Luer) Luer

Muscarella quinquiseta (Ames) Luer

Panmorphia rabei (Foldats) Luer

Specklinia recula (Luer) Luer

Panmorphia reptilis (Luer & Dalstrém) Luer

Panmorphia ricii (Luer & Vasquez) Luer

uscarella rojohnii Luer

Rubellia rubella (Luer) Luer

Muscarella samacensis (Ames) Luer

Panmorphia sanchezii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Fig 140a, 140b.

Fig. 31.

Fig. 141.

Fig. 142.

Fig. 80.

Icones-IT], Plate 31;

Fig. 81a, 81b.

Fig. 143.

26 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Specklinia schaferi (Ames) Luer

Muscarella schudelii (Luer) Luer

Sarcinula scolopax (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Specklinia segregatifolia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Solano & Soto Arenas

Muscarella semperflorens (Lind1.) Luer

Panmorphia seriata (Lindl.) Luer

Panmorphia sertularioides (Sw.) Luer

Muscarella sibatensis (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer

Sarcinula simmleriana (Rendle) Luer

Specklinia simpliciflora ee Luer

Muscarella strumosa (Am uer

Specklinia spiculifera ual ) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Panmorphia steinbuchiae (Carnevali & G.A.Romero) Luer

Specklinia stillsonii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Sarcinula striata (H.Focke) Luer

Muscarella stumpflei (Luer) Luer

Muscarella tamboénsis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Muscarella tempestalis (Luer) Luer

Tribulago tribuloides (Rchb.f.) Luer

Fig ny

ge ge ge oa Ga Ga ge Ge =

—

1 a

Fig. 85.

Fig. 36a, 36b.

Fig. 146.

Fig. 178.

Fig. 86a. 86b.

Big. $7.

Fig. 88.

Icones III, Plate 48.

Specklinia trichyphis (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 37

Pabstiella tripterantha (Rchb.f.) Luer Icones III, Plate 49. and re. 98a, 98b.

Muscarella trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer g. 89a, 89b.

Muscarella tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 90.

Sylphia turrialbae (Luer) Luer Fig. 182

Phloeophila ursula (Luer) Luer Fig. 150

Lueranthos vestigipetalus (Luer) Szlach. & Marg. Icones III, Plate 0:

Muscarella villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 91.

Muscarella werneri Luer Fig, 92.

Specklinia wrightii (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 38.

Muscarella xanthella (Luer) Luer ig. 93

Xenosia xenion (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer

Muscarella xyloura Luer & Hirtz

Pabstiella yauaperyensis (Barb.Rodr.) F.Barros

Specklinia yucatanensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Incaea yupanki (Luer & Vasquez) Luer

Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer

Icones III, Plate 52.

Fig. 94

Fig. 99.

Fig. 39.

Fig. 43.

Fig. 95a, 95b, 95c.

KEY TO THE SPECIES VEGETATIVELY SIMILAR TO SPECKLINIA,

excluding species endemic in Brazil.

For identification, the species are separated by the most obvious, physical

features into five groups: group one is distinctly repent (plants usually repent are

sometimes also shortly repent to appear caespitose, depending on local conditions);

the very shortly repent to caespitose species are separated into four groups: group

two with a single flower, or a single flower followed by a second; group three with

fasciculated pedicels at the summit of the peduncle. The loosely racemose species

are divided into the final two groups. Group four contains species with entire

petals, and group five, species with distinctly denticulate or fringed petals. Species

with simply ciliated or microscopically serrated petals are in group four.

Although many closely related species are brought together, some not closely

related but morphologically similar species appear together. Some closely related

species are found in different groups, i.e. fringed petals (Muscarella) occur in groups

one, two, three and five.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 24

Key to groups One through Five

1 Plant distinctly repent One

I’ Plant very shortly repent to caespitose 2

2 Inflorescence 1-flowered, or successively 2-flowered Two

2’ Inflorescence racemose 3

3 Raceme contracted into a fascicle Me pune at the tip of the peduncle...... Three

4 Petals entire, ciliate, or pubescent Four

4’ Petals denticulate, fringed, or serrated Five

Key to the genera and species

Group ONE: PLANTS REPENT

1 Leaves subcircular to broadly elliptical, more or less prostrate

1’ Leaves elliptical to linear, more or less erect 25

2 Leaves verrucose or rugose 3

2’ Leaves smooth, or very slightly verrucose 8

3 Sepals glabrous 4

3’ Sepals pubescent 5

4 Leaves minute, 2-4 mm long Areldia dressleri

4’ Leaves larger, 7-12 mm long Chamelophyton kegelii

5 Peduncle longer than the leaf Phloeophila nummularia

5’ Peduncle shorter than the leaf 6

6 Lip oblong without lateral lobes Phloeophila peperomioides

6’ Lip with obtuse lateral lobes below the middle 7

7 Sepals densely pubescent Phloeophila ursula

7’ Sepals verrucose, not pubescent Phloeophila oricola

8 Peduncle longer than the leaf 9

8’ Peduncle shorter than the leaf 13

9 Peduncle many times longer than the leaf; lateral sepals forming a deep mentum

with the column foot adisonia kerrii

9’ Not with the above 10

10 Lateral sepals connate to near the apex 11

10’ Lateral sepals free from above the base IZ

11 Lip without basal lobules; column-foot with pair of rounded calli

Specklinia microphylla

11’ Lip with basal lobules; column-foot without pair of calli

Panmorphia steinbuchiae

12 Raceme 2-flowered; lip entire Specklinia calyptrostele

12’ Raceme few-flowered; lip ciliate, bilobulate at the base

Panmorphia duplooyi

28 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

13 Lip obcuneate, without lobes 14

13’ Lip not obcuneate 16

14 Inflorescence pendent Ronaldella aryter

14’ Inflorescence erect 15

15 Lip with a conical, basal callus ....Ronaldella det

15’ Lip without a basal callus Ronaldella aryter

16 Lip long-ciliate, without lateral lobes 17

16’ Lip not long-ciliate 18

17 Petals broad, obtuse; lip with slender cilia Panmorphia comayagensis

17’ Petals narrowly acuminate; lip with thick cilia............... Panmorphia clandestina

18 Lip narrowly oblong, with or without indistinct lobes 19

18’ Lip with small but distinct, lateral lobes or angles Z|

19 Lateral sepals connate Panmorphia steinbuchiae

19’ Lateral sepals free 20

20 Petals elliptical, subacute Panmorphia nanifolia

20’ Petals narrowly triangular, acute Panmorphia holstii

21 Lip spathulate, broadly rounded above the middle......... Panmorphia burzlaffiana

21’ Lip oblong-ovate, acute to round at the apex 22

22 Lip with longitudinal carinae, triangular above the middle, acute

Panmorphia reptilis

22’ Lip shallowly sulcate, subacute to round at the apex 23

23 Floral bracts minutely spiculate; lip minutely pubescent.....Panmorphia lewisiae

23’ Floral bracts glabrous; lip glabrous 24

24 Petals narrowly acute; lateral sepals nearly free........... Panmorphia polygonoides

24’ Petals broadly obtuse; lateral sepal connate to above the middle.../ncaea upanki

25, Peduncle as long as, or longer than the leaf 2

25’ Peduncle shorter than the leaf, but the raceme often surpasses the leaf............. 35

26 Raceme congested with imbricating floral bracts . a apex of the peduncle.. .

26’ Raceme not congested with imbricating floral brac

27 Lip 1.5 mm long, oblong with dilated margins Specklinia flosculifera

27° Lip 4 mm long, broadly elliptical Specklinia luis-diegoi

28 Raceme congested, oe emosee rachis between floral bracts shorter than the

floral bracts and pedice Panmorphia involuta

28’ Raceme lax, the aed rachis between floral bracts much longer than a

pedicels

29 Raceme simultaneously 2-flowered Specklinia calyptrostele

29’ Raceme successively 2- to 4-flowered 30

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 29

30 Rhizome slender, markedly elongate; leaves markedly slender

Specklinia spiculifera

30’ Rhizome not markedly elongate

31 Column-foot with a pair of rounded call Specklinia morganii

31’ Column-foot smooth, without a pair of rounded calli 32

32 Petals narrowly obovate-spathulate Specklinia calyptrostele

32’ Petals narrowly triangular-ovate 5D

33 Lip with low, lateral lobes below the middle Panmorphia sertularioides

33’ Lip entire, without lateral lobes 34

34 Inflorescence shorter than the leaves; lip oblong, acute at the apex

anmorphia minutalis

34’ Inflorescence longer than the leaves; lip rounded at the apex

Specklinia yucatanensis

35 Lip with a central cavity 36

35’ Lip without a central cavity D1

36 Sepals caudate Xenosia xenion

36’ Sepals not caudate Xenosia macrorhiza

37 Rhizome 1-3 cm long between ramicauls 38

37’ Rhizome less than 1 cm long between ramicauls 39

38 Raceme eventually surpassing the leaf Specklinia ordinata

38’ Raceme shorter than the leaf Panmorphia lasioglossa

39 Lip oblong, acute, neither with lobes nor dilated below the middle 40

39’ Lip with lobes or dilated below the middle 4]

40 Lip rigid without incurved sides Panmorphia minutalis

40’ Lip thin with sides clasping the column Lueranthos vestigipetalus

41 Raceme elongate, eventually surpassing the leaf 42

41’ Raceme much shorter than the leaf 43

42 Rachis markedly flexuous; lip ciliate, round at the apex....Panmorphia angulosa

42’ Rachis subflexuous; lip glabrous, acute Specklinia napintzae

43 Lip ciliate, slightly dilated below the middle Ad

43’ Lip with a lobe or a small angle below the middle, not ciliate 45

44 Lip narrowly acute, not serrate Panmorphia herpethophyton

44’ Lip obtuse, serrate, apiculate Panmorphia endresii

45 Floral bracts glandular Panmorphia pachyphyta

45 Floral bracts glabrous 46

46 Lip with anterior lobe verrucose topog excentricum

46’ Lip with anterior lobe smooth 47

47 Lip acute, about 0.5 cm wide Panmorphia oblanceolata

47° Lip obtuse, about | cm wide Panmorphia iota

30 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Group TWO: PEDUNCLE SINGLE-FLOWERED,

or sometimes followed by a second flower

This is an artificial key of unrelated, pleurothallid species that are identified by an inflorescence

reduced to a single flower that in some species is followed by a second flower. Some single-flowered

species will be found in Group One, the repent species, and not herein

1 Plant large; leaf 2-3 cm wide, abruptly petiolate Gerardoa montezumae

1’ Plant not large; leaf less than 2 cm wide 2

2 Leaves minutely cetmctaeed aa seen in Hispaniola) 3

2’ Leaves with margins smo 6

3 Dorsal sepal connate half the length to a concave synsepal...... Tridelta aurantiaca

3’ Dorsal sepal shortly connate at the base 4

4 Dorsal sepal connate to the synsepal at the tip; lip broadly ovate, verrucose

Dondodia erosa

4’ Dorsal sepal free at the apex; lip oblong, ciliate

5 Leaf broadly elliptical, 5-8 mm long; ramicaul 1-2 mm long..Specklinia stillsonii

5’ Leaf elliptical, 10-20 mm long; ramicaul 3-5 mm long Specklinia dodii

6 Sepals acuminate into filiform tails; ovary papillose Sylphia turrialbae

6’ Sepals acute to obtuse without tails 7

7 Peduncle 3-4 cm long; pedicel 0.5-1 cm long Sarcinula corniculata

7’ Peduncle less than 5 mm long 8

8 Leaf linear, to 4 cm long; pedicel 7-14 mm long... Sarcinula psichion

8’ Leaf elliptical; pedicel less than 5 mm long 9

9 Ovary densely papillose Tribulago blancoi

9’ Ovary not densely papillose 10

ee Ne

10 Lip denticulate Specklinia mornicola

10’ Lip smooth 11

11 Petals acute with labellar margin dilated Specklinia obliquipetala

11’ Petals obtuse, obovate 2

12 Lip with the apex thick; column-foot with a pair of prominent, eles Cal Mecearas

cklinia wrightii

12’ Lip with the apex round, decurved; column-foot with a pair of oan CAM caresisee

Specklinia lichenicola

Group THREE: PLANT CAESPITOSE

Inflorescence a fascicle of pedicels at the tip of the peduncle

1 Petals denticulate, fringed, or serrated 2

1’ Petals entire, cilliate or pubescent 8

2 Sepals tailless with the dorsal sepal elliptical 3

2’ Sepals narrowly acute or caudate “

3 Lip thickly verrucose without a callus Muscarella xanthella

3’ Lip thin with a “‘sun-dial”’ callus Panmorphia barbulata

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 31

4 Sepals with tails shorter than the blade

4’ Sepals with tails as long as, or longer than the blade

5 Lip with lobes erect, obtuse.

5’ Lip with lobes low, longitudinal

6 Sepals long-caudate, clavate

6’ Sepals not clavate, long-caudate

Muscarella semperflorens

Muscarella fuchsii

Muscarella clavigera

7 Lip long-fringed, with sides not revolute

7’ Lip minutely denticulate, with the sides revolute

8 Habit large; leaf 1.5-3 cm wide

8’ Habit small; leaf less than 1 cm wide

9 Lip with acute, lateral lobes

9” Lip with low, obtuse, marginal angles

10 Sepals spiculate

10’ Sepals not spiculate

11 Sepals spiculate internally, smooth externally

11’ Sepals spiculate externally

Muscarella marginata

Muscarella strumosa

Sarcinula fulgens

Sarcinula guanacastensis

Sarcinila acicularis

12 Sepals obtuse with thick, apical margins

12’ Sepals acute

13 Peduncle spiculate; lip entire

13’ Peduncle smooth; lip denticulate

Sarcinula acanthodes

Sylphia cactantha

Sarcinula coronula

14 Petals oblong to elliptic-ovate, or obovat 15

14’ Petals obliquely elliptical, more or less ie on the lower margin 24

15 Lip channeled between longitudinal calli 16

15’ Lip not longitudinally channeled 20

16 Lip obovate, shallowly ie column with descending, oblong wings, the

foot with a pair of round ca

16’ Lip oblong to ovate, ie a column-foot without calli

17 Petals minutely ciliate

17° Petals glabrous

18 Peduncle much longer than the leaf

18’ Peduncle shorter to about as long as the leaf

Sarcinula cycesis

Panmorphia duplooyi

Panmorphia barbulata

19 Petals narrowed above obtuse, marginal angles near the middle

Panmorphia haberi

19’ Petals very narrowly linear

20 Leaf subcircular; lip not channeled

20’ Leaf elliptical

Specklin id cillifera

Pabstiella parvifolia

32 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

22 Lip simple, ee column without large wings Specklinia trichyphis

22 Lip bicallou 23

23 Lip with a pair of central calli; column with conspicuous, triangular wings..........

Specklinia recula

23’ Lip channeled; column without conspicuous wings

24 Flower non-resupinate; petals half as long as the sepals........ Panmorphia inversa

24’ Flower resupinate; petals nearly as long as the sepals......... Panmorphia imberbis

25 Peduncle glandular 26

25’ Peduncle smooth 27

26 Leaves 2-3 mm wide Sarcinula glandulosa

26’ Leaves 6-9 mm wide Sarcinula chontalensis

27 Dorsal sepal with the apex held lightly by the tips of the synsepal

Sarcinula alexii

27’ Dorsal sepal free from the synsepal

28 Sepals narrowly linear, dorsal sepal 15-20 mm long, 2 mm wide

Sarcinula scolopax

28’ Sepals not narrowly linear

29 Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, obtuse; petals and lip a SMa csescvanss

arcinula calderi

29” Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute to subacute

30 Sepals more or less fleshy, 12-15 mm long 31

30’ Sepals more or less membranous, 2.5-8 mm long 32

31 Sepals subacute; lip obovate, widest toward a more or less recurved apex.............

Sarcinula condylata

31’ Sepals acute; lip oblong Sarcinula areldii

32 Synsepal with the sides revolute above the middle; lip nrc) oblong with a

cavity arcinula barbae

32’ Synsepal with the sides not revolute; lip without a basal cavity 33

33 Lip with verrucose calli, with the marginal angles pune ae lobe =i Ke sccscicvaseses

rcinula acrisepala

33° Lip _ a disc smooth or microscopically verrucose, with fe marginal angles

low, obtt 34

34 Column-foot channeled between a thick pair of calli at the tip

Sarcinula brighamii

34’ Column-foot without calli

35 Sepals ca. 2.5 mm long; flowers purple Sarcinula purpurella

35’ Sepals more than 5 mm long 36

36 Leaf less than 1.5 cm long; sepals light tan, flecked with red

Sarcinula brighamella

36’ Leaf 2-4 cm long; sepals yellow or orange, striped with red or purple er

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 33

37 Lateral sepals free from near the middle with the sides more or less recurved.....

Sarcinula simmleriana

37’ Lateral sepals connate to near the apex without recurved sides 39

38 Raceme congested with pedicels fasciculate Sarcinula striata

38’ Raceme congested with some pedicels 1-3 mm distant............ Sarcinula displosa

Group FOUR: PLANT CAESPITOSE

Inflorescence racemose; petals entire, shortly ciliate, or pubescent

1 Sepals semiconnate; lip thick, verrucose, with rounded, lobe-like margins below

the middle Lomax punctulata

1’ Not as above 2

2 Dorsal sepal with the tip adherent to the synsepal Tribulago tribuloides

2’ Dorsal sepal free from the synsepal 3

3 Lip obcuneate, truncate Pabstiella yauaperyensis

3’ Lip not obcuneate, truncate 4

4 Lateral sepals connate to near the apex 5

4’ Lateral sepals free at least above the middle ZO

5 Lip with lateral lobes 22

5’ Lip oblong, without lateral lobes 6

6 Lip glabrous 7

6’ Lip ciliate 19

7 Peduncle compressed 8

7’ Peduncle terete 11

8 Sepals membranous to the tips 9

8’ Sepals fleshy, thickened at the tips 10

9 Peduncle about as long as the leaf Specklinia costaricensis

9’ Peduncle much exceeding the leaf Specklinia gracillima

10 Peduncle about as long as the leaf; raceme congested......... a Ula

10’ Peduncle much exceeding the leaf; raceme lax ia alta

11 Raceme elongated 12

11’ Raceme not elongated 13

12 Dorsal sepal with tip clavate; column-foot without calli Specklinia digitalis

12’ Dorsal sepal acuminate; column-foot with a pair of calli Specklinia producta

13 Peduncle ca. 1 mm long; flowers probably cleistogamou.............. Sarcinula exilis

13’ Peduncle more than 5 mm long; flowers not normally cleistogamous................ 14

14 Leaf more than 2.5 cm long 15

14’ Mature leaf less than 2 cm long 16

15 Synsepal obtuse, sepals usually white Specklinia grobyi

15’ Synsepal acute, sepals usually striped with red or purple Specklinia picta

34 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

16 Sepals obtuse (like a small grobyi) Specklinia pisinna

16’ Sepals acute 17

17 Lip with a subconical callus near the apex Specklimia formondii

17’ Lip without a callus near the apex 18

18 Lip bicallous below the middle Specklinia jesupii

18’ Lip bicallous on middle third Specklinia feuilletii

19 Peduncle shorter than the leaf Specklinia mitchelii

19’ Peduncle longer than the leaf 20

20 Raceme congeste Panmorphia minima

20’ Raceme loosely aneee 21

21 Raceme flexuous, more than 3-flowered Specklinia grisebachiana

21’ Raceme loosely 2- to 3-flowered Specklinia curtisii

22 Lip with a black, bulbous apex Panmorphia seriata

22’ Lip not with a black, bulbous apex 23

23 Leaf 3-6 cm long; raceme loosely 2- to 3-flowered................ Phesteee leptantha

23’ Leaf less than 2 cm long; raceme subcongested, more than 3-flower 24

24 Lip channeled to the tip between anil Cal cccnteacs cheatin abbreviata

24’ Lip channeled from below the ti Panmorphia escalarensis

25 All 3 sepals caudate 26

25’ All 3 sepals not caudate 2]

26 Lip broadly unguiculate below rounded lateral lobes Sylphia feugii

26’ Lip round at the base with round lateral lobes Sylphia cabellensis

27 Lip oblong without lobes or basal lobules 28

27° Lip with lobes or basal lobules 33

28 Ramicaul nearly as long as the leaf Panmorphia ricti

28’ Ramicaul much shorter than the leaf 29

29 Leaf more than 2.5 cm long; sepals 5-7 mm long Specklinia lanceola

29’ Mature leaf less than 2 cm long; sepals less than 4 mm long 30

30 Lip with a minutely verrucose callus near the apex......... Specklinia simpliciflora

30’ Lip with a pair of low, longitudinal calli oy

31 Lip diffusely cellular-glandular Specklinia minuta

31’ Lip not diffusely cellular-glandular 32

32 Raceme 3- to 4-flowered; peduncle 6-8 mm long Specklinia schaferi

32’ Raceme 1- to 2-flowered; peduncle 1-2 mm long............... ee eon

33 Lip with thin margins below the middle, with basal lobules 34

33’ Lip with marginal lobes 39

34 Sepals shortly acuminate; lip glabrous Panmorphia francesiana

34’ Sepals not shortly acuminate; lip ciliate 35

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 35

35 Ramicaul nearly as long as leaf

35’ Ramicaul much shorter than the leaf

36 Petals microscopically erose; lip oblong, ciliate

36’ Petals and lip ciliate

Panmorphia brevipes

37 Sepals more than 6 mm long

37’ Sepals less than 3.5 mm long

38 Raceme much shorter than the leaf

Panmorphia jamaicensis

Panmorphia kuhniae

Panmorphia grayumii

38’ Raceme slightly longer than the leaf Specklinia minuta

39 Lip pandurate with long, oblong, lateral lobes.................... Atopoglossum ekmanii

39’ Lip oblong with small lateral lobes 40

40 Lip with rounded lateral lobes above the middle, and with the apex revolute.........

Specklinia eee

40’ Lip with marginal lobes below the middle

41 Lip with large, uncinate, antrorse lobes

Specklinia mucronata

41’ Lip with the lobes not uncinate 42

42 Sepals and petals ciliate-pubescent 43

42’ Sepals glabrous 46

43 ees ie 5- to 7-veined, 10-12 mm long; lip with a slender, erect, 0.7-1

morphia dalessandroi

43° Daal an 3- to 5-veined, 4-8 mm long; lip with oe ee 44

44 Leaf 6-9 cm long; lip with lobes reduced to low, obtuse angles

Panmorphia sanchezii

44’ Leaf 3-6 cm long; lip with lobes distinct

45 Peduncle and floral bracts minutely pubescent; lip truncate... Panmorphia funerea

45’ Peduncle and floral bracts glabrous: lip not truncate 47

46 Raceme distantly 2- to 3-flowered, exceeding the leaf........... Panmorphia humilis

46’ Raceme congested, shorter than the leaf; sepals and ovary thickly carinate..........

Panmorphia megalophora

Group FIVE: PLANT CAESPITOSE

Inflorescence racemose; petals caudate, denticulate, long-ciliate, or fringed

1 Lateral sepals free, at least to the middle; petals with the blade incised 7

1’ Lateral sepals deeply connate; petals with the blade entire 2

2 Dorsal sepal glabrous, narrowly acute to acuminate 3

2’ Dorsal sepal ciliate or pubescent, acute 4

Panmorphia cuspidata

3 Lip oblong, ca. 1.25 mm wide

Panmorpha millipeda

3’ Lip narrowly linear, ca. 0.25 mm wide

4 Petals with the tail clavellate

Panmorphia fractiflexa

4’ Petals with the tail not thickened at the tip 5

36 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 Petals with the tail pubescent Panmorphia muricaudata

5’ Petals with the tail glabrous except for a few hairs at the tip 6

6 Raceme surpassing the leaf; petals with tail slender, glabrous

nmorphia caudatipetala

6’ Raceme usually shorter than the leaf; petals with tail Onacalas

Panmorphia casualis

7 Raceme creeping, horizintal

7’ Raceme erect to arching 15

8 Sepals glabrous 9

8’ Sepals ciliate to spiculate 10

9 Lip long-ciliate with slender, antrorse, basal lobes Muscarella herpestes

9’ Lip minutely papillose with erect, rectangular, basal lobes

Muscarella ichthyonekys

10 Sepals long-spiculate or long-ciliate 11

10’ Sepals short-spiculate 13

11 Peduncle glabrous; petals with slender, forked lobes........ Muscarella samacensis

11’ Peduncle pubescent 12

12 Petals shortly serrate; lip oe fimbriate Muscarella fimbriata

12’ Petals long-ciliate; lip ent Muscarella rojohnii

13 Lip with large, broad lobes below the middle Muscarella echinodes

13’ Lip with low lobes below the middle 14

14 Sepals oblong, subacute Muscarella trullifera

14’ Sepals acute with thick tails Muscarella xyloura

15 Sepals acute to obtuse, neither narrowly acuminate nor caudate 16

15’ Sepals narrowly acuminate to caudate Ze

16 Sepals with the apices contracted into short, thick tails........ Muscarella kennedyi

16’ Sepals acute to obtuse 17

17 Lip coarsely denticulate, longitudinally furrowed............... Muscarella llamachoi

17’ Lip neither denticulate nor furrowed as above 18

18 Lip with a central cavity 19

18’ Lip without a central cavity 20

19 Lip with apical lobe long-ciliate Muscarella exesilabia

19’ Lip with apical lobe glabrous Muscarella coeloglossa

20 Sepals carinate-spiculate Muscarella trullifera

20’ Sepals glabrous 2]

21 Lip with basal lobes low, broad Muscarella delicatula

21’ Lip with lobes retrorse, obtuse Muscarella longilabris

22 Sepals, lip and ovary verrucose Muscarella tempestalis

22’ Sepals, lip and ovary not as above 23

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 37

23 Sepals ciliate-spiculate

23’ Sepals not cellular-spiculate

24 Petals forked below the middle

24’ Petals fimbriate below the middle

25 Lip more than 10 mm long

Muscarella furcatipetala

25’ Lip less than 5 mm long

26 Lip with sides revolute

Muscarella megalops

26’ Lip with sides not revolute

Muscarella marginata

27 Lip with erect, ear-like lobes; ovary long-spiculate

27° Lip not with ear-like lobes; ovary not long-spiculate

28 Lip broadly rounded at apex with antrorse, basal lobes

28’ Not as above

Muscarella latilabris

eee Muscarella werneri

29 Lip broadly truncate, papillose, long-ciliate

Muscarella schudelii

29’ Lip narrowly truncate, not papillose

Muscarella cynocephala

30 Sepals narrowly acute without contracting into a tail

30’ Sepals contracted into slender tail

31 Petals as large as, and similar to the sepals

Muscarella intonsa

31’ Petals smaller than the sepals

32 Sepals with tails clavate

32’ Sepals not with clavate tails

33 Lip contracted into a verrucose, bulbous tip

Muscarella stumpflei

33’ Lip with the apex broadly rounded

Muscarella corynetes

34 Lip with small, uncinate, marginal lobes

Muscarella cestrochila

34’ Lip with low, rounded, marginal lobes

Muscarella claviculata

35 Lip sharply acute

35’ Lip obtuse to rounded

36 Lip without lateral lobes

36’ Lip with lateral lobes

Muscarella catoxys

37 Lip spiculate-pubescent

37’ Lip not spiculate-pubescent

Muscarella sibatensis

38 Lip narrowly oblong, broadly channeled and pubescent within

38’ Lip broadly oblong, narrowly channeled, glabrous

39 Lip with broad, marginal lobes from above the middle

39’ Lip with marginal lobes below the middle

Muscarella tamboénsis

Muscarella oblonga

spaneeeouaee Muscarella infinita

40 Lip with uncinate, antrorse lobes

40’ Lip not with uncinate lobes

38 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

41 Sepals free, spreading Muscarella ancora

41’ Sepals connate to the tips with the laterals parting to form a dorsal window.........

Andreettaea ocellus

42 Lip glabrous with low, broad, subquadrate lobes Muscarella lipothrix

42’ Lip ciliate with lobes acute or obtuse 43

43 Lip densely or long-ciliate above the lobes Ad

43’ Lip not long-ciliate above the lobes 45

44 Sepals ca. 10 mm long; lip 3-5 mm long................ Muscarella macroblepharis

44’ Sepals ca. 5 mm long; lip 1.5 mm long Muscarella villosilabia

45 Lip broadly rounded and widest above the middle............. Muscarella cestrochila

45’ Lip not broadly rounded and widest above the middle 46

46 Lip bulbous with revolute sides above the middle 47

46’ Lip not bulbous with revolute sides above the middle 50

47 Lip verrucose above the middle Muscarella aristata

47° Lip not verrucose above the middle 48

48 Leaves 2 mm wide Muscarella perangusta

48’ Leaves 6-10 mm wide 49

49 Lip with the tip of the marginal lobe uncinate Muscarella tsubotae

49’ Lip with the tip of the marginal lobe acute Muscarella gongylodes

50 Sepals 10-12 mm long Muscarella quinquiseta

50’ Sepals 4-8 mm long 51

51 Lip cellular papillose above the middle Muscarella helenae

51’ Lip smooth above the middle Muscarella zephyrina

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 39

SPECKLINIA

Sakae Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 8, 1830.

ectotype designated by Garay & Sweet, 1972: 528: Epidendrum lanceola Sw. [=Specklinia lanceo-

la (Sw.) L

Ety.: Nae os Rudolph Speckle, early nineteenth century English engraver of illustrations of plants.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Specklinia (Lindl.) Garay sect. Hymenodanthae Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp.

Orch. Nov. 2: 9, 1882.

ae sear by = 1986: 84: Pleurothallis grobyi Bateman ex Lindl. [=Specklinia grobyi

(Bateman ex Lindl.

Ety.: From nike Greek pean! ‘membranous-flowered,”’ referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Pleurothallis Sect. Longicaulae Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 40, 1882.

Type: Pleurothallis trilineata Barb.Rodr. [= Specklinia grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros].

Ety.: From the Latin longicaulis, ““long-stemmed,”’ referring to the long inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Specklinia (Lindl.) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 121, 1974.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subsect. Longicaulae (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

2 , 1986.

Plants very small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose to long-repent; roots slender. Ramicauls

slender, erect or ascending, shorter than the leaf, never proliferating, with 1-3, imbricating, tubular

indistinct, lateral lobes, the apex obtuse or rounded, rarely ciliate, the disc featureless to shallowly

channeled between low, longitudinal calli, the base more or less truncate, without basal lobules, delicate-

ly hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, with the margins usually winged, the apex entire or

denticulate, the foot often with a pair of calli, the anther ventral, deciduous, the rostellum and stigma

ventral, the pollinia 2, ovoid, free, or more or less lightly adherent to minute viscidia.

Lindley proposed the genus Specklinia in 1830 and included five species, but he

did not specify a type. The first two species, S. lanceola (Sw.) Lindl., S. sertulari-

oides (Sw.) Lindl. [=Panmorphia sertularioides (Sw.) Luer] had been described in

Epidendrum L. by Swartz from Jamaican collections he made in the late eighteenth

century. The third species, S. emarginata Lindl. [=Sarcinula corniculata (Sw.)

Luer], commonly known as Pleurothallis corniculata (Sw.) Lindl., was included

with Epidendrum corniculatum Sw. in synonymy. The fourth species, Specklinia

floribunda Lindl. [=Arthrosia floribunda (Lindl.) Luer], was Sieber’s 206, Den-

drobium ophioglossoides Sieber ex Lindl., a later homonym, not Sw. 1799. The

fifth species was Specklinia linearis, a sterile, unidentifiable collection from either

Mexico or Peru by Pavén entered with a question mark, and with Humboldtia

purpurea [=Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.] in synonymy.

In his Folia Orchidacea of 1859, Lindley ignored Specklinia, and included the

species in Pleurothallis groups characterized by caespitose, the Apodae-Caespi-

tosae, or repent habits, the Apodae-Prorepentes.

In 1972, Specklinia lanceola (Sw.) Lindl. was designated the lectotype of Speck-

linia by Garay and Sweet. In 1974, Garay proposed Pleurothallis subgenus Speck-

linia (Lindl.) Garay, defined primarily by an elongate, winged column, which

would include about 800 species, about everything not in Pleurothallis R.Br. sensu

stricto. Most species of the latter are characterized by a short, wingless column

with an apical anther. No transfers from Pleurothallis to Specklinia were made until

the mass transfers by Pridgeon and Chase (2001), and Luer (2004), which created

40 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

another giant, polyphyletic genus. As recently proposed (Pridgeon & M.W.Chase,

2001), Specklinia Lindl. is a huge, polyphyletic accumulation of many taxa.

With the aid of hundreds of detailed illustrations, including at least one of every

known species of the genus and similar genera, the following genera are proposed

for a beginning of a practical solution to the problem. Because dissimilar flowers

are found in vegetatively similar groups, and conversely, because similar flowers

are found in different vegetative groups, the morphology of the inflorescence

provides the best clues to the following generic delimitations.

The five large, major groups with common floral affinities (Muscarella Luer,

Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas, Panmorphia Luer, Sarcinula Luer, and Specklinia

Lindl.), albeit with exceptions, are recognized here as genera. After future DNA

analyses, none of the five above genera will prove to be monophyletic until the

removal of some of the exceptions. Some species that have evolved features for-

eign to all are treated in small or unispecific genera, but other species still remain as

the exceptions.

The lip of a group containing the type of Specklinia is more or less oblong, free

of calli except for some thickening along longitudinal veins, and without basal

lobules; the sepals are tailless; and the petals are simple, entire, and single-veined.

Another group, Sarcinula (the bundled pedicels, or the brushes), produces an elon-

gated peduncle with imbricating floral bracts and fasciculate pedicels at the summit;

tailless sepals; and usually two-veined, entire petals dilated on the lower margin. In

another group, Muscarella (the flies), the sepals are usually long-tailed, and the petals

are denticulate or long-fringed. The fourth group, Panmorphia (of many forms),

contains vegetatively variable species with tailless sepals; mostly entire, single-

veined petals; and a more or less channeled callus on the lip that is bilobulate at the

base. The fifth group, Pabstiella, contains the large number of various species

loosely bound by an unguiculate lip with a pair of submarginal lamellae.

The remainder of the species contains a collection of misfits with interchanged

or unusual combinations of morphological features. Five unispecific genera and a

small genus (Sylphia) Luer of four species with long-tailed sepals and more or less

crested ovaries are proposed. Some genes seem to jump from one genus to another,

as denticulate leaves that are commonly seen in Hispaniolan species of different

genera, as well as in species of other subtribes.

After their removal, Specklinia is characterized by a very small to medium-sized

habit with more or less petiolate leaves; abbreviated ramicauls; a few- to many-

flowered, loose raceme, but congested in a few; glabrous peduncles, floral bracts,

pedicels, and ovaries; glabrous sepals without tails; glabrous, entire, single-veined

petals, also without tails; an entire, more or less oblong-elliptical lip without basal

lobules; and a column-foot often with a central pair of calli.

Some species presently assigned to the newly proposed genera will, no doubt, be

reassigned to other, or even new genera, when DNA analyses of all the individual

species are completed. A large group of small, vegetatively indistinguishable

species with various modifications of the above floral morphology [e.g. Specklinia

mornicola (Mansf.) Luer] has evolved on the larger islands of the Antilles.

Although some suggest various origins, all probably have the same recent ancestry.

Hence most, except for the morphologically wildest (Dondodia Luer, and Tridelta

Luer), are retained in old Specklinia.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

Species north of Brazil attributed to Specklinia

Specklinia alta (Luer) Luer

Specklinia calyptrostele (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia ciliifera (Luer) Luer

Specklinia costaricensis (Rolfe) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia curtisii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia digitalis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia dodii (Garay) Luer

Specklinia feuilletii (Luer) Luer

Specklinia flosculifera (Luer) Luer

Specklinia formondii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia gracillima (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia grisebachiana (Cogn.) Luer

Specklinia grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros

Specklinia jesupii (Luer) Luer

Specklinia lanceola (Sw.) Lindl.

Specklinia lichenicola (Griseb.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia luis-diegoi (Luer) Luer

Specklinia microphylla (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia minuta (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Specklinia mitchellii (Dod) Luer

Specklinia morganii (Luer) Luer

Specklinia mornicola (Mansf.) Luer

Specklinia mucronata (Rchb.f.) Luer

Specklinia napintzae (Luer & Hirtz) Luer

Specklinia obliquipetala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer

Specklinia ordinata (Luer & Dodson) Luer

Specklinia pectinifera Luer & Hirtz

Specklinia picta (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia pisinna (Luer) Solano & Soto Arenas

Specklinia producta (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia recula (Luer) Luer

Specklinia schaferi (Ames) Luer

Specklinia segregatifolia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Solano & Soto Arenas

Specklinia simpliciflora (Dod) Luer

Specklinia spiculifera (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia stillsoni (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Specklinia trichyphis (Rchb.f.) Luer

Specklinia wrightii (Rchb.f.) Luer

Specklinia yucatanensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

gq ga oq ga 72 ga 92 GQ Ga 0a gq Ga Ga Ga Gea Ga Ga Ga Ga ga Ge gq aa 0

42 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ee alta (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis alta Luer, Lindleyana 11: 143, 1996

Ety.: - om the Latin altus, “‘tall,”’ in reference to the habit.

lant medium in size, epiphytic, shortly repent; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-2.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, sie long-petiolate,

12-14 cm long including - Lage ca. 6 cm long, 1.4-1.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate into the slender

petiole. Inflorescence an t, lax, successively several-flo siti raceme up to 7 m long or longer,

including the ancipitous pace ca. 17 cm long, from near the base of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm

long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals glabrous, tall-carinate, aa greenish yellow, thickly

callous at the apices, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

obtu

irregular-erose; lip yellow-green, elliptic-oblong, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, the

margins broadly rounded and slightly elevated below the middle, the disc with 3 ae oe

calli, the base truncate, with a small, central, marginal cavity, hinged to the column-foot i

tudinally winged, ee at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of ee calli, fie

anther and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Carchi: epiphytic in wet forest below the paramo toward Maldonado, alt. 2450 m, 26 Feb.

1992, S. Dalstrém 1578 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16223.

This species 1s distinguished by the narrow, long-petiolate leaves borne by much

shorter ramicauls from an ascending rhizome. Vegetatively, it is the largest species

of the genus. The peduncle is compressed and as long as the leaf with the ramicaul,

and the raceme reaches another 10 centimeters higher. The sepals are tall-carinate

with sharply acute apices. Immediately behind the apices, the sepals are thickly

callous.

Specklinia calyptrostele (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257,

2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis calyptrostele Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 23, 1923.

Ety.: From the Greek calyptrostele, ‘“‘covered column,”’ referring to the hooded column.

Syn.: Pleurothallis Ae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 181, 1923, not Pleuro-

thallis biflora H.Focke. 1849.

Ety.: From the Latin biflorus, ‘‘two-flowered,”’ referring to the two-flowered raceme.

Syn.: Pleurothallis geminiflora Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 39, 1934, re-

placed name for P. biflora Schltr., 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin geminiflorus, “‘twin-flowered,”’ referring to the two-flowered raceme.

Syn.: Specklinia geminiflora (Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana

16: 257, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizomes 1-3 mm long between ramicauls, forming intertwining

masses; roots proportionately thick. Ramicauls suberect, 1-3 mm long, enclosed by a thin, tubular

sheath. Leaf suberect to prostrate, coriaceous, broadly ovate to subcircular, broadly obtuse to rounded at

the apex, 4-6 mm long , 2-4 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflores-

cence an erect, laxly 2-, to 3-flowered raceme, commonly 2-flowered, the flowers ca. 2 mm apart, borne

by a slender peduncle 15- 20 mm long, from below the abscission layer of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-

1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; aaa membranous, glabrous, white to pale

green, the dorsal sepal ovate, narrowly obtuse, 3-4.5 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals free, narrowly oblong-ovate, narrowly obtuse, barely connate basally, 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide,

2- Ladi lear translucent, narrowly elliptical- obovate, subacute, narrowed below the middle, 1.25-

1.75 mm long, 0.6-0.75 mm wide, without visible midvein; lip yellow-green, oblong, entire, rounded at

the ney 7 5-2 mm long, 0.6-0. g mm wide, the disc shallowly channeled between a pair of slightly

thicke ned veins, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column broadly winged in distal two-

thirds, bidentate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Heredia: San Jeronimo, alt. 1350 m, May 1920, ‘i Wercklé 148 (Holotype destroyed at

B; lectotype here designated: AMES 31278, illustr. of type). Alajuela: Alajuela: San Pedro de San

Ramon, alt. 1025 m, Nov. 1921, A.M. Brenes 176 (holotype destroyed at B, lectotype of P. biflora:

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 43

AMES; Isolectotypes: CR, NY); Colinas de San Pedro de San Ramon, alt. 1000 m, 14 Nov. 1927, A.M.

Brenes (99)1654 (AMES); La Palma de San Ramén, 1928-29, A.M. Brenes (22a)170] (AMES); Los

ata de San Ramon, 29 Dec, 1931, A.M. Brenes I 3 (AMES); La Hondura de San Ramon, 6 Dec.

1932, A.M. Brenes 177 (AMES); Alfaro Ruiz, El Silencia de Zarcero, alt. 1500 m, 19 Nov. 1938, A.

Smith H1381 (AMES); Monteverde Reserve, Rio Pefias Blancas, alt. 800 m, 25 Feb. 1987, W.A. Haber

Perry 849] (CR, MO). San José: La Hondura, alt. 1300-1700 m, 16 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley & J.

Valerio 37613 (AMES).Cartago: near Pejivalle, alt. 900 m, 7-8 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio

47012, 47946 (AMES); southeast of Pejibaye along Rio Gato, alt. 700 m, 16 Apr. 1983, R. Liesner

14268 (MO); Reserva Forestal, ee of Cariblanco, Rio Sarapiqui, alt. 750 m, 1 Nov. 1990, S.

Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 678 (AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL); Monteverde Reserve, Eladio’s Refugio,

alt. 800-900 m, 2 Dec. 1990, W.A. Haber & C. Ivey 10397 (CR, MO); Reserva Forestal San Ramoén Los

Angeles, Colonia Palmarefia, alt. 800 m, 17 Dec. 1991, G. Herrera 5004 (CR, MO); without locality,

flowered in ery at UC, 22 Aug. 1962, C.H. Lankester s.n. (K, UC). Guanacaste: near Tilaran,

Los Ayotes, alt. 600-700 m, 21 Jan. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 45393 (AMES); Parqué Nacional

Guanacaste, ae Pitilla, alt. 1100 m, 24 Oct. 1990, C. Chdvez 468 (CR, K), C. Luer illustr. 17270;

sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 301, 539 (W); Pacuan-Matina,A. Endres 539 (W).

PANA AMA: Coclé: El Valle, alt. 600-1000 m, 8 Dec. 1938, PH. Allen 1233 (AMES, MO); El Valle, alt.

m, flowered in cultivation in 1974, R.L. Dressler 2927 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 186; Cerro Pilon,

El Valle, on 3,000 ft., 4 Jan. 1968, J.A. Duke & B.R. Lallathin 15003 (MO), trail from Cano Blanco del

Norte to continental divide above El Cope, alt. 400 m, 5 Feb. 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23662

(MO). Panama: Cerro Jefe, 17 Aug. 1967, R.L. Dressler 3021 (MQ); Altos de Pacora road, collected 4

Mar. 1976, cultivated 26 Oct. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & P. Taylor 962 (SEL).

This tiny, repent species commonly forms great masses of tiny leaves on moss-

covered trunks of large trees in moist forests of Costa Rica and Panama. It was

given two names with similar descriptions by Schlechter in 1923, Pleurothallis

calyptrostele [=Specklinia calyptrostele] appearing only pages before in the same

publication as P. biflora Schlitr., a later homonym, which was renamed P. gemini-

flora Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf.

Every one to three millimeters, a short ramicaul and leaf rise from the rhizome.

The more or less prostrate, overlapping leaves vary from nearly round, about four

millimeters long and broad, to elliptical, about six millimeters long and two milli-

meters wide. The filiform peduncle, about twice as long as the leaf, bears one to

three distant, simultaneous or nearly simultaneous flowers (most commonly two).

The pale green sepals and petals are membranous and narrowly obtuse; the petals

are much smaller and single-veined, if at all; and the lip is simply oblong, and

slightly thickened along the pair of veins.

Specklinia ciliifera (Luer), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis ciliifera Luer, Lindleyana 14: 111, 1999.

Ety.: From the Latin ciliifer, ‘bearing cilia,”’ referring to the labellum.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively thick. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-10

mm long, enclosed by 1-2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, pe-

tiolate, 7-22 mm long including the petiole 2-10 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, with margins minutely den-

ticulate, cuneate below into the, slender petiole. Inflorescence a fascicle of a few successive pedicels

borne by an abbreviated peduncle ca. 1 mm m lon ng or less, from near the middle of the ramicaul; floral

bracts thin, imbricating, 2-2.5 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals greenish

~~ membranou saben ante. glabrous, ne dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-ovate, acute, concave, 3.5

, 1.3 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into an ovate, acute,

concave ea 3.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, forming a mentum with the column-foot; petals

membranous, narrowly linear, acute, 1.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, oblong, rounded

at the apex, 1.8-2 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide, the disc channeled below the middle between a pair of

calli from the base that gradually diverge and disappear above the middle, the margins sparsely long-

ciliate below the middle, becoming cellular-glandular above the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the

end of the column-foot; column broadly winged above the middle, irregularly toothed at the apex, 1.6 m

long, the foot 0.8 mm long, with the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

44 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Baharona: in woods, Hoyo de Pelempito, Bahoruco mountains, east of

Aceitillar, Pedernales, alt. 700-1000 m, 6 Nov. 1969, A.H. Liogier 16734 (Holotype: NY). Hoyo de

Pelempito, Bahoruco mountains, east of Aceitillar, Pedernales, alt. 700-1000 m, 6 Nov. 1969,A.H. Liogi-

er 16715 (Paratypes: AMES, NY); near Hoyo de Pelempito, Sierra de Bahoruco, alt. 600 m, 13 Feb.

1971, A.A. oes ease (Paratype: NY); Isla near Caborojo, alt. 1000 m, collected by Dod 1153, Dec.

1978, flowered i tivation 4 May 1986 by Dod, C. Luer 12154 (MO).

This little species is apparently restricted to the mountains of southwestern

Dominican Republic where it has been collected several times by Bro. Liogier. It is

superficially similar to the Haitian Specklinia mornicola (Mansf.) Luer with flowers

the same size, and the collections at NY had been identified as such. However, S.

ciliifera is distinguished by a congested, successively flowered raceme borne by an

abbreviated peduncle, instead of a single flower borne by a peduncle thrice longer.

The leaves are minutely denticulate, while those of the single-flowered S. mornicola

are not. The petals are narrowly linear. The lip is oblong and long-ciliate below the

middle with the rounded apex cellular-glandular. The lip of S$. mornicola is similar-

ly oblong, but distinctly denticulate both above and below the middle without long

cilia.

owe eames (Rolfe) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Pues he 16: 257, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis costaricensis Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1917(2): 80,

Ety.: nan for Costa Rica, country of origin of the collection.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ehrhartiiflora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 187, 1923.

Ety.: Named for the superficial resemblance of the flowers to Ehrhartia, a genus of the grasses.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2.5-

3.5-6 cm long including an ill-defined petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, gradually narrowed below

mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate nearly to the apex into an ovate, acute,

shortly bifid synsepal, 4.5-7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translucent, obovate, obtuse to

rounded at the apex, 1.5-1.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow-green to yellow-orange,

oblong, rounded at the apex, 2 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the disc shallowly channeled between a longi-

tudinal pair of low calli on the middle third, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column broad-

ly winged above the middle, curved-bidentate at the apex, 1.5-1.75 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a

pair of rounded calli near the middle, the anther and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: sine loc., flowered in cultivation at Kew Gardens, March 1916, obtained in 1915 from

ebrained | in 1915 from C.H. Lankester s.n. (K); received by Kew from Lankester, 1915, flowered in

cultivation, 27 Nov. 1922 (AMES). Alajuela: San Ramon, road to San Carlos, alt. 4,000 ft., 1867, A.

Endres 43 (W); San Pedro de San Ramé6n, alt. 950 m, Sept. 1921, A.M. Brenes 141 (holotype of P.

ehrhartiiflora destroyed at B, lectotype: CR; isotypes: AMES, NY); San Ramon, between Los Angeles

and Rio Cataratta, alt. 850-1100 m, 16 June 1983, K. Barringer 3216 (CR, F); Cordillera de Tilaran,

cea San Ramé6n and Bajo Rodriguez, alt. 1100 m, 26 Sept. 1987, T-B. Croat 68035 (MQ). Volcan

Arenal, 19 Apr. 1990, V.A. Funk et al. 10770 (CR, US). Heredia: Vara Blanca, alt. 1500-1750 m, July

1937, A.F. Skutch 3170 (K, MO). Guanacaste: slopes of Miravalles above Bijagua, alt. 1500 m, Nov.

1982, L.D. Gomez et al. 19133 (CR, MO); Abangares, north of Monteverde, Upper San Gerardo Valley,

alt. 1500 m, 12 Oct. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zuchowski 9550 (CR, MO). Puntarenas: Monteverde Re-

serve, near TV towers, alt. 1600 m, 11 Oct. 1985, E. Bello 3044 (CR, MO). San José: Cerro Zurqui, alt.

1800 m, 28 Oct. 1969, L.D. Gémez 2413 (CR

PANAMA: Chiriqufi: vicinity of Fortuna Dain alt. 1100 m, 8 Feb. 1987, G. McPherson 10419 (MO).

eraguas: near Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, 15 Nov. 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3160 (MO).

Coclé: north of El Copé near Rivera saw mill, alt. 700-850 m, 10 Sept. 1977, J.P. Folsom 5234 (MO);

old saw mill above Copé, alt. 900 m, 19 Feb. 1985, C. & J. Luer, R. & K. Dressler 10635 (M

COLOMBIA: Cauca: highlands of Popayan, alt. 1500-2000 m, FC. Lehmann 7080 (AMES, W); near

Popaydn, alt. 5,000 ft., 13 May 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (AMES). Valle del Cauca: Repressa

Anchicaija, alt. 1000 m, cultivated by Robledos at La Ceja, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14274 (MO).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 45

ECUADOR: Bolivar: Balzapamba between Babahoya and Guaranda, alt. 730 m, 21 May 1960, C.H.

Dodson 65 (MO, US). El Oro: between Pifias and El Placer, alt. 800-1200 m, 6 May 1974, G. Harling

Lojtnant & a Molau oo: (AAU, GB, MO). Napo: El Chaco above Santa Rosa, alt. 500 m, FC.

Lehmann s

ene 12 specimens made in the greenhouse at Kew over an eight year period

from a collection received in 1915 from Lankester, none bears the flowering date,

March 1916, published for Pleurothallis costaricensis Rolfe [=Specklinia costari-

censis]. The subsequent specimens, intermingled on four sheets, were made in Nov.

1916, Nov. 1917, Sept. 1918, Oct. 1918, Aug. 1920, Oct. 1922, Nov. 1922, June

1923, Sept. 1923, Oct. 1923, and Dec. 1923. Among them is one undated specimen

of a raceme with ‘‘Pleurothallis costa-ricensis Rolfe’’ written in pencil, which I

suspect is from the original flowering in March 1916. It is chosen for the lectotype.

In Reichenbach’s herbarium there is a drawing of this species cultivated by

Veitch, probably in the 1880’s, numbered 300, and with ‘‘Pleurothallis platycaulis”’

written in Reichenbach’s handwriting. This was never published. Cogniaux de-

scribed another specimen, probably at RB (ined. in Herb. Hort. Petropol.) as

‘“‘Pleurothallis platycaulis’’ that Reichenbach had annotated with that name. This

specimen is a synonym of Lindley’s Brazilian P. luteola Lindl.

Specklinia costaricensis is relatively frequent in Costa Rica and Panama, and in

the western Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. It is most easily recognized by the

small, caespitose habit and a raceme of simultaneous flowers borne by a com-

pressed peduncle. The flowers are much like those of the S. grobyi-picta complex.

cea curtisii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W. e Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

as.: Pleurothallis curtisii Dod, Moscosoa 3: 111,

ae cer in honor of J.T. Curtis who first serie an species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 mm long, enclosed

few-flowered raceme, to 35 mm long including the slender peduncle ca 20 mm long, borne from near the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;

sepals yellow, membranous, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5 mm long, 2.3 mm

wide, 3-veined, the say sepals connate into an ovate, obtuse, shortly bifid, shallowly concave lamina,

5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 2-veined, forming a small mentum below the column-foot; petals mem-

branous, glabrous, aie acute, 2 mm long, | mm wide, 1I-veined, with the margins minutely erose

above the middle; lip oblong, rounded at the apex, 2.8 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the margins erect below

the middle and finely ciliate, the disc cellular-glandular, with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base

subtruncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column winged above the middle, semiterete, 1.5 mm

long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm lon

HAITI: Massif de la Hotte, Les Cayes, Formond, alt. 950 m, 19 Feb. 1982, D. Dod 892 (Holotype:

JBSD; Isotypes: AMES, MO, NY, US); Formond, May 1982, D. Dod 12 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 9150;

Riviere Glacé, alt. 800 m, 22 Apr. 1982, flowered in cultivation 7 May 1982, . Dod 892 (JBSD); Ri-

viere Glacé, Morne la Hotte, alt. 750 m, 5 Aug. 1945, L.R. Holdridge 2103 (AM

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Santiago-Rodrigue oe near bauer of cE Css and Rio Ceno-

bicito, alt. 8300 m, 18 June 1929, E.L. Ekman 1 2892 (AMES, S); Moncién, La Leonor, E] Aguacate, Mao

River, alt. 500 m, 22 Oct. 1968, A.H. ne 13211 ee NY); La Leonor, El Aguacate, alt. 550 m,

22 Oct. 1968, A.H. Liogier 13217 (NY, US). Barahona: Sierra de] Bahoruco, Pedernales, Las Abejas,

west of Aceitillar, alt. 1200-1400 m, 24 Feb. 1969, A.H. Liogier 14160 (AMES, NY); Polo, Loma La

Haut. alt. 600-1300 m, 26 Feb-12 Mar. 1922, W.L. Abbott 1890 (AMES). La Lanza, between Monteada

Nueva and Polo, alt. 900- 1000 m, 27 Feb. 1969, A.H. Liogier 14305 (NY).

46 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This little species 1s endemic on the island of Hispaniola where it is not uncom-

mon. It is characterized by a loose, successively few-flowered raceme that surpass-

es the small, narrowly elliptical, petiolate leaves. Although smooth to the naked

eye, the margins of the leaves are microscopically erose. The lateral sepals are

connate nearly to the tips. The petals are microscopically erose above the middle.

The lip is oblong with the margins erect below the middle and finely ciliate. The

disc is longitudinally bicallous.

ee digitalis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, cee 16: 257, 2001.

urothallis digitalis Luer, Orquidea, Mex., 6: 3, 1976,

Ely. m the Latin digitalis, "ingr-ik,” referring t to the i of i dorsal sepal.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose to very short lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-3

m long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular ieee Le af erect, coriaceous, shiny green above, spotted with

aire beneath, broadly elliptical, obtuse, eae petiolate, 12-15 mm long including the petiole 1 mm

long, 5-6 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, flexible, flexuous,

successively several- flowered raceme, up to 15 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, borne later-

ally from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 2.5-3 mm long;

—

fet)

anal

jan}

Demon

~ &

—

pee)

—

beneath, the lateral sepals connate to near the apex into an elliptical, concave synsepal, 5 mm long, 3

mm wide, 4-veined, with the apex obtuse, minutely bifid; petals translucent pale yellow, membranous,

obovate, obtuse, 2.25 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 1-veined; lip pale yellow-green, oblong, 2 mm long, 0.8

mm w wigs the aper sna the disc shallowly concave between a pair of low, longitudinal calli the

base subtrunca e, hinged to the column-foot; column shallowly winged above the middle, bidentate at

the apex, 2 mm long, ie anther and stigma ventral, the foot less than 1 mm long.

MEXICO: sine loc., flowered in cultivation by H.P. Jesup in Bristol, CT, 18 Oct. 1975, C. Luer 047

(Holotype: SEL); same clone, cultivated in Bristol, CT, by H.P. Jesup, 28 May 2000, C. Luer 19411]

(MO).

This species is known only from the original collection in Mexico, and after 25

years, it is still thriving today in the collection of the Jesups in Connecticut. It is

characterized by a minute, caespitose plant with thick, dark green, purple-spotted,

elliptical leaves. Proportionately, the raceme is exceeding long and distantly flow-

ered, often with two to three of the little, pale yellow-green flowers open simultane-

ously. The tip of the dorsal sepal is clubbed with a cavity from below, similar to

that seen in Specklinia segregatifolia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Solano & Soto Arenas.

The synsepal and petals are obtuse, and the lip is oblong with a parallel pair of low,

longitudinal calli.

Specklinia dodii (Garay) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260,

2004.

Bas:.: oo dodii Garay, J. Arnold Arb. 1: 463, 1969, replaced name for P. cryptantha

Cogn.,

Ety.: Hee in honor of Dr. Donald D. Dod, author of numerous species of Hispaniola.

Syn.: Pleurothallis cryptantha Cogn., Symb. Antill. 7: 176, 1912, not P. cryptantha (Barb.Rodr.)

.. Gen. Sp. Orchid. Nov. 2: 80, 1877.

Ety.: From the Greek cryptanthos, ‘‘a hidden flower,”’ referring to the tiny flower at the base of a

ramicaul.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively thick. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5

m long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf purple, erect, coriaceous, minutely denticu-

ne petiolate, 10-20 mm long including the petiole 3-8 mm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse,

-7 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, produced successively by

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 47

erect peduncles ca. 2 mm long, from near the base of the ramicaul within the basal Ree floral bract

infundibular, 1.5 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; ey purple, glabrous but micro-

scopically ciliate, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 2.25 mm lon a mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, concave, ie ani bifid, synsepal, 2.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, forming a mentum with the ie foot; petals membranous, translucent,

glabrous, obovate, microscopically erose toward the acute apex, 1.25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-veined;

lip oblong, rounded at the apex, 1.8 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, the disc broadly channeled between thick-

ened, long-ciliate are His) the base truncate, delicately hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column

broadly winged above the middle, semiterete, denticulate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma

ventral, the foot 0.75 mm long.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Constanza: near Constanza, alt. 1200 m, H. von Tiirckheim 3280 (Holotype:

BR). Sierra del Bahoruco, Pedernales, Las Abejas, west of Aceitillar, alt. 1200-1300 m, collected by D.

Dod, cultivated, 8 Feb. 1969, A.H. Liogier 13655 (AMES, NY, P), C. Luer illustr. 19024; Las Abejas,

Cabo Rojo, collected by D. Dod, 30 Apr. 1968, cultivated, Oct. 1968, A.H. Liogier 13509 (NY); Bahoru-

co Mts., Hoyo de Pelempito, alt. 900 m, 3-8 July, 1971, A.H. Liogier 18125 (US).

This rare species was first described in 1912 as Pleurothallis cryptantha Cogn.

by Cogniaux from a collection by Tiirckheim, apparently forgetting that he had

transferred the epithet in 1877 to Pleurothallis R.Br. for a Brazilian species named

by Barbosa Rodrigues. Garay proposed a new name in honor of Dod who had

rediscovered the species.

Specklinia dodii is a small, caespitose species with purple, petiolate leaves that

are minutely denticulate on the margins, a character seen in many Hispaniolan

species of orchids, not limited to pleurothallids. The tiny purple flower is borne

singly by a short peduncle and pedicel from near the base of the ramicaul. The

dorsal sepal and synsepal are microscopically ciliate toward the acute apices; the

petals are obovate and minutely erose toward the acuminate apex; and the propor-

tionately large lip is oblong, channeled medially, with thick, long-ciliate margins.

Specklinia feuilletii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260,

2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis feuilletii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 237, 2004.

Ety.: Named for Christian Feuillet, at that time with ORSTOM, Cayenne, French Guiana.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 1-2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple, elliptical-obovate,

subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 7-10 mm long including a petiole 1-2 mm long, 3 mm wide, the base cu-

neate into the petiole. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, more or less flexuous, simultaneously few-flow-

ered raceme 2-2.5 cm long, borne by a slender peduncle ca. 1.5 cm long, with a minute bract below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1-1.25 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 1.3

mm long; sepals pale yellow, membranous, glabrous, carinate, thickened at the tip, slightly acuminate,

sharply acute, the dorsal sepal oblong, 4.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to

near the apex into an ovate, shallowly concave synsepal, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide expanded, 2-

veined, forming a shallow mentum below the column-foot; petals membranous, glabrous, elliptical,

acute, dilated on the lower sel den above the middle, 1.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined; lip oblong,

rounded at the apex, 2.2 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, shallowly concave centrally between a pair of low,

wee calli, the base ae hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column broadly winged above

the middle, 1.75 mm long, bidentate at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long with a

pair of tuberosities or calli near the middle.

FRENCH GUIANA: Monte de Kaw, alt. ca. 100 m, C. Feuillet 2906 (Holotype: CAY), C. Luer illustr.

18679.

This species is closely allied to the variable and frequent Specklinia grobyi-picta

complex, but it is distinguished from the later by the much smaller habit; a loose,

two- to three-flowered raceme less than three centimeters long; and sepals that are

thickened at slightly acuminate, sharply acute apices. The lip is simple and oblong.

48 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Specklinia flosculifera (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

Bas.: Pleurothallis flosculifera Luer, Lindleyana 14: 113, 1999

Ety.: From the Latin flosculifera, ““bearing a small flower,” ane to the inflorescence.

Plant very small, epiphytic, — roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 mm long,

enclosed by 1-2 loose, tubular sheaths. ves coriaceous, stliptical apie to obtuse, 4-7.5 mm long,

2.5-3.5 mm wide, cuneate below into a SacI less than 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, succes-

sively few-flowered fascicle of pedicels, borne by a slender peduncle 10-15 mm long, from near the

middle of the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbricating, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.4

mm long; flower white; sepals membranous, subcarinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-

ovate, acute, concave, 2.75 mm long, | mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to the apex

wide, 1-veined, narrowed below to the subunouicnlate base; lip oblong with erect, broadly rounded sides

below the middle, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide unexpanded, 0.8 mm wide expanded, the apex rounded,

the disc featureless, the base truncate, hinged broadly to the end of the column-foot; column broadly

winged near the middle, 0.75 m long, the foot 0.5 mm long, with the anther apical and stigma ventral.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Santiago-Rodriguez: in woods along Mao river, El] Aguacate, La Leonor,

Monci6n, alt. 450 m, 14 Oct. 1969, A.H. Liogier 16323 (Holotype: NY).

This single collection made by Bro. Liogier in the Dominican Republic and

deposited at NY has had three determinations: Pleurothallis helenae [=Muscarella

helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Luer], P. grisebachiana [= Specklinia griesebachiana

(Cogn.) Luer], and P. curtisii [=S. curtisii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase]. It is

a tiny, tufted species similar to many others, but it is immediately distinguished

from all others known from Hispaniola by the fascicle of pedicels borne by a fili-

form peduncle beyond very small, elliptical leaves. The only other species with

congested pedicels borne by an elongated peduncle known from the Greater An-

tilles is S. trichyphis (Rchb.f.) Luer from Cuba. This type of inflorescence is fre-

quent in both Central and South America. This species is similar to S. trichyphis,

but the greatest difference is the lip with rounded, erect margins, while the lip of S.

trichyphis is oblong without erect margins.

Specklinia formondii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W. a Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis formondii Dod, Moscosoa 3: 116, 1

Ety.: Named for Loma Pic Formond, where the ie was Pealiegea

nt very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long,

es: by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, pe-

tiolate, 10-17 mm long including a petiole 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, erose margins not noted, the base

raceme, to 35 mm long including the slender peduncle 10-20 mm long, borne from near the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals light

yellow, membranous, thickened near the apex, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate,

acute, 4.5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, bifid, ene

forming a mentum with the column-foot, 4 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, 2-veined, the apices acute, free c

m; petals membranous, glabrous, spathulate, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 1-veined; lip Sone:

subtrilobed, subunguiculate, 2.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex rounded with a prominent, minutely

column shallowly winged above the middle, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 m

long.

HAITI: Massif de la Hotte, Les Cayes, Formond, alt. 2000 m, 6 Jan. 1983, flowered in cultivation 10

Apr. 1983, D.D. Dod 893 (Holotype: JBSD; Isotypes: AMES, NY, MO, US), C. Luer illustr. 18848.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 49

This little species is apparently endemic in the mountains of southern Haiti.

Although superficially similar to several other small species from Hispaniola, this

species is characterized by the few-flowered raceme about twice longer than the

leaf. The leaves of the isotype are considerably larger than those described from the

holotype. The sepals are acute, thickened near the apex, and the laterals are connate

to above the middle. The petals are spathulate and obtuse. Most distinguishing is a

rounded, minutely subverrucose callus that occupies the apex of the lip.

ssa Sippy (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, areas 16: 257, 2001.

othallis gracillima Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 35, 1

ae an the Latin gracillimus, “‘very slender,” referring to the a.

Syn.: Pleurothallis brevicaulis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 101, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin brevicaulis, “‘short-stemmed,”’ referring to the short ramicaul.

Syn.: Pleurothallis humidicola Garay, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 47: 212, 1953.

Ety.: From the Latin humidicola, ‘‘dwelling in moist places,”’ referring to the habitat.

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2.5 cm long,

enclosed . ari thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 5-12

cm long including a petiole 3-4 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the base. Inflor-

escence an erect, congested, distichous or subsecund, sometimes arching, simultaneously many-flowered

raceme, up to 40 cm long including the slender, compressed peduncle 10-20 cm long, from near the apex

of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long below, to 1.5 mm

above; ovary 1-1.5 mm long, minutely subverrucose; sepals membranous, subcarinate, glabrous, pale

yellow-green or pale green, often striped with purple, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5-7 mm long, 2-3 m

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate nearly to the apex into an ovate, acute, shortly bifid synsepal,

4.5-7 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translucent greenish white, obovate, obtuse to round-

ed at the apex, microscopically erose, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip greenish white,

sometimes striped with purple, oblong, rounded at the apex, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc shallowly

channeled between a longitudinal pair of low calli on the middle third, the base truncate, hinged to the

column-foot; column suffused with purple, broadly winged above the middle, bidentate at the apex, 2-

2.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of rounded calli near the middle, the anther and stigma

ventral.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Western declivities of Andes on road to Nanegal, 1857, W. Jameson s.n.

(Holotype: K); Western slope of Corazén, Rio Silante, Aug. 1877, FC. Lehmann 109 (W); Guarumal,

between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. ca. 2000 m, 11 Nov. 1939, E. Asplund 10096 (US); between

Chiriboga and San Juan, alt. ca. 2500 m, 28 Oct. 1955, E. Asplund 18201 (AMES, GB), same data, 31

Dec. 1955 E. Asplund 18972 (S, US); same area, alt. 2900 m, 22 Oct. 1961, C_H. Dodson & L.B. Thien

1029 (AMES, MO); same area, alt. 1900-2200 m, 28 Jan. 1977, G. Harling, U. Eliasson & L. Andersson

14918 (GB); same area, alt. 2400 m, 18 Oct. 1981, H. Balslev 2110 (AMES, QCA); above Tandapi, alt.

2000 m, 8 Jan. 1986, C.H. Dodson & P.M. Dodson 16304 (MQ); Tandayapi, alt. 1500 m, cultivated at

eee Gualaceo, Apr. 2000, J. Portilla 251 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19404,

COLOMBIA: Cauca: epiphytic in dense forest around Popayan, alt. 1500-1800 m, May, 1871, F-C.

Lehmann 5205 (holotype of P. brevicaulis destroyed at B); near Popayan, alt. 5,000 ft., 13 May 1878,

F-C. Lehmann s.n. (lectotype of P. brevicaulis here designated: AMES); Highlands of Popayan, alt.

1600-2100 m, June 1901, F.C. Lehmann 7080, B.T. 339 (AMES, W); San Antonio, ‘‘San José,”’ alt.

2400-2700 m, 1 July 1922, FW. Pennell 7588 (AMES, NY); El Tambo, among very wet rocks, alt. ca.

1700 m, without date, K. von Sneidern 109 (holotype of Pleurothallis humnidicol: S); El Tambo, Chis-

quio, alt. ca. 1700 m, K. von Sneidern 1049 (paratypes: AMES, S); Popayan, alt. 1500-1800 m, 21 Aug.

1881, FC. Lehmann 844 (BR).

This species, vegetatively large for this genus, is frequent in the Andes of

southwestern Colombia and Ecuador. It is characterized by a long, nearly simulta-

neously flowered raceme that far exceeds narrow, long-petiolate leaves. The flow-

ers are sometimes striped in purple. The sepals are acute, the petals are obtuse, and

the lip is simply oblong. It is like a vegetatively large Specklinia costaricensis

(Rolfe) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase with which it is sympatric in the Andes.

50 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Specklinia grisebachiana (Cogn.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

95: 260, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis aaa te Cogn., Symb. Antill. 6: 409, 1

Ety.: Named in honor of A.H.R. Grisebach, German botanist, who listed the species as Pleurothallis

grobyi in his eee of the Plants of Cuba.

oe Pleurothallis grobyi sensu Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba: 258, 1866, not Pleurothallis grobyi Bateman

x Lindl., Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797, 1836.

Ety.: eo identified as P. grobyi Batem. ex Lindl.

Syn.: Pleuro thallis Luer, Lindleyana 14: 111,

Ety.: From the Greek ee ‘tongue with ciliate margins,” ’ referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Specklinia blepharoglossa (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse,

petiolate, 6-14 mm long including a petiole 1.5-3 mm long, the blade 2-3 mm wide, the base narrowly

cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a lax, flexuous, successively 3- to 14-flowered raceme 10-20 mm

long, borne by an erect, capillary peduncle 10-25 mm long, from a node on the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals yellow, membranous,

microscopically pubescent toward the apices, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, acute, 3.5

mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate-triangular, obtuse, shortly

bifid, shallowly concave lamina, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined, forming a shallow mentum below

the column-foot, the apices acute, free ca. 0.6 mm, in apposition; petals membranous, glabrous, ellipti-

cal-obovate, acute, 1.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, l-veined, with the margins microscopically irregular

above the middle; lip oblong, rounded at the apex, 1.8-2 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the margins low and

erect below the middle, microscopically to finely ciliate, the disc cellular-glandular, shallowly concave

between low, longitudinal calli near the middle, sometimes with a midline callus, the base subtruncate,

hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column bright purple toward the base, winged above the middle,

1.5 mm long, dentate at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long.

CUBA: Oriente: San André near Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859, C. Wright 1503 (Holotype: K; Isotypes:

AMES, BM, BR, BREM, HAC, NY, W), C. Luer illustr. 18797. Santa Clara, Trinidad Mts., Los Cocos,

near Siguanea, alt. 430 m, 5-6 Mar. 1910, N.L. Britton & P. Wilson 5061 (AMES). Guantanamo: Monte

Verde, alt. ca. 2,200 ft., 30 Dec. 1960, M. Lépez F. 2548, 2563 (HAJB); Loma del Gato, alt. 1,000 ft., 11

July 1921, Bros. Leon, Clement & M. Roic 1024 (HAC); Guantanamo: Santo del Frijol, alt. 900 m, 12

May 1983, Figueiras, Bisse, et al. 2548 (HAJB); Guantanamo: Imias, Sierra de Imias, falda oeste de la

Loma de Majagua Hueco, alt. 600 m, 16 Apr. 1984, J. Bisse et al. s.n. (HAJB). Holguin: near Moa Bay,

17 Apr. 1946, Bro. Clemente 5006 (AMES). Santa Clara: Trinidad Mts., Los Cocos, near Siguanea, 5

Mar. 1910, N.L. Britton & P. Wilson 5061] (NY); mountains of Siguania, Rio Hanabarrilla, alt. 600 m, 14

Feb, 1924, E.L. Ekman 18478 (S). Holguin: Mayari, Sierra Cristal, Rio Lebisa, 2-7 Apr. 1956, Bro.

lain, J. Acuna & M. Lopez F. 5756 (HAC, HAJB); Sierra de Nipe, Rio Piloto, 4 Nov. 1914, E.L. Ekman

3360 (S); alt. 600-700 m, 16 Oct. 1941, CV. Morton & J. Acufia 3233 (HAC, US); Arroyo de la Caridad,

25 Nov. 1954, M. Lopez F. 1666 (HAC, HAJB); Cayo de Sabinas, east of La Mensura, 20 Apr. 1960,

Bro. Alain & J. Acufia 7867, 7903 (HAC, HAJB); Moa, camino al Toldo, Alto de Calinga, alt. 800-1000

m, 4 June 1980, A. Alvarez et al. s.n. (HAJB); Moa, camino a La Melba, Arroyo Las Comadres, alt. 350

m, 29 Nov. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Diaz, J. Llamacho, J. Ackerman, R. & K. Dressler 18654 (holo-

type of P. blepharoglossa: HAJB; isotype: MO). Yunque de Baracoa, alt. 520 m, 2 Jan. 1960, Bro.

Alain, & M. Lépez F. 7192 (HAC). Cienfuegos: Sierra del Escambray, lomas al sur del Pico San Juan, 8

Nov. 1987, I. Arias et al. s.n. (HAJB). Plant from Soledad, flowered in cultivation in O. Ames’s green-

house, Mar. 1 yi

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona: Loma La Haut, alt. 600-1300 m, 26 Feb. 1922, W.L. Abbott 1890

(US); La Cidra, alt. 880 m, 8 Apr. 1955, J. Jiménez 2951 (US). Santiago: Moncion, alt. 800 m, 18 June

1929, E.L. Ekman 12892 (US); sine loc., collected with Donald Dod, flowered in saya by P. Jesup

in Bristol, CT, 1 June 1997, C. Luer 18516 (M

This tiny species was collected in Cuba by Wright and identified as Pleurothal-

lis grobyi [=Specklinia grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros] by Grisebach in his

catalog of the flora of Cuba. Noting the misidentification, Cogniaux named the

species for Grisebach. It is indeed closely related to S. grobyi, but differing in

several respects. The habit and flowers are much smaller. The leaves are narrowly

elliptical and usually less than 1.5 cm long; the capillary peduncle, longer than the

leaves, bears a flexuous, successively flowered raceme; the dorsal sepal is acute, the

laterals are connate to near the apices; the petals are narrowly acute; and the callous,

oblong lip is similar. The cilia of the lip vary from microscopic on the type-flower

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE >!

to long [.$. blepharoglossa (Luer) Luer]. The calli on the column-foot, so prominent

in S. grobyi, are reduced to small areas of minimal thickening in this species.

Specklinia schaferi (Ames) Luer is also closely related to S. grisebachiana, but

it differs from the former by shorter, two- to three-flowered racemes, nearly free

lateral sepals and a glabrous lip.

Se grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110, 1983.

. Pleurothallis grobyi Bateman ex oe Bot. a a1it 1797, 1836.

ey Named for Lord Grey of Groby w ported by Mr. Bateman.

Syn.: Pleurothallis marginalis Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 204, 1855,

Ety.: From the Latin marginalis, “‘margined,” referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ial Rchb.f., Hamb. Gartenzeitung 16: 15, 1860.

Ety.: From the Latin perplexus, “uncertainty,” possibly because of his not knowing what to do with it.

Syn.: Pleurothallis trilineata Barb.Rodr., Orch. Nov. 1: 6, 1877, not Lindl. 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin trilineatus, “three-lined,”’ ie to the sepals.

Syn.: Lepanthes trilineata (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr., Orch. Nov. 2: 42, 1882.

Syn.: Lepanthes marmorata Barb.Rodr., Orch. Nov. 2: 42, 1882.

Ety.: From the Latin marmoratus, “mottled, marbled,”’ referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ota Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg. 1878.

Ety.: From the Greek crepidophyllus, literally *“*shoe-shaped- -leaved,” without a reference.

Syn.: Pleurothallis choconiana S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 285, 1888.

Ety.: Named for the forests of Chocén in Guatemala, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Humboldtia crepidophylla (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891

Syn.: Humboldtia grobyi (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 667, 1891

Syn.: Humboldtia marginalis (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis marmorata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 490, 1896.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pergracilis Rolfe, Bull. Misc, Inform. 334, 1893.

Ety.: From the Latin pergracilis, “‘very slender,”’ referring to the habit.

Syn.: Pleurothallis grobyi var. trilineata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 496, 1896.

st Pleurothallis barbosae — Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 143, 1921, replaced

me for P. trilineata Barb.Rod

Bty: Named for Barbosa aici author of P. trilineata.

Syn.: Pleurothallis biglandulosa Schltr., Notizbl. Bot . Gar t. Berlin 8: 119, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin biglandulosus, “with two glands, ae to the column-foot.

Syn.: Specklinia marginalis (Rchb.f.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 10, 1984.

Syn.: Specklinia biglandulosa (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-10 mm long, enclosed

or less flexuous, usually simultaneously-flowered raceme 3-15 cm long, borne by a suberect, slender

peduncle 3-10 cm long, from a node on the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1-2 mm long; pedicels

mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, sometimes lightly veined in purple, sometimes

suffused with rose, membranous, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 3-6 mm long, 2-2.5

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to near the apex into an elliptical or obovate, obtuse, shal-

lowly concave synsepal, 4-7 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, 2-veined, forming a shallow mentum below the

column-foot; petals membranous, translucent, glabrous, litical, pe eer 1. pe mm long,

5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip oblong, sometimes ilated abov inded at the -

mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, ae concave centrally peaeed a pair o aE fo iarciaa - the

base subtruncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column broadly winged above the middle, 1.75-2

mm long, bidentate at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of ee

ties or calli near the middle.

a2 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The follo wing = ntat ti\ e eallartinne calartad frrnam hundr

GUYANA: Demerara, cultivated I by Lord ay of Cnty, Bateman s.n. ose. K).

SURINAME: sine loc., C. Feuillet 2906 (CA

FRENCH GUIANA: Montagne de Kaw, alt. a 300 m, 12 May 1986, C. Luer & J. Luer 12230 (MO).

BRAZIL: Sao Paulo: Comm. Geogr. & Geol., rec. Léfgren 1283, 1913 (BR); Itatinga, Alex. Hummel s.n.

(BR). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 7315 (BR); sine loc., Glaziou 122 (BR); Corcovado, Feb. 1869, Glaziou

3818 (BR). Minas Gerais: Capées des champs du Tamandua, Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of P.

trilineata is Rodrigues’s illustr.); Serra de Pedra Branca near Caldas, Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (holotype

of P. marmorata is Rodrigues’s illustr.), Serra do Capusdo, June 1888, J.T. de Moura 32] (BR). Para-

na: sine loc., P. Dusén s.n. (holotype of P. biglandulosa destroyed at B); Sao José dos Pinhaes, 11 Nov.

1982, R. Kummrow 2084 (BR); Lapa, Sao Carlos, 13 Aug. 1982, P.. Oliveira 629 (Curitiba, BR).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, above Yolasa toward Chuspipata, alt. 1850 m, 21 Jan. 1988, C. Luer et

al. 12912 (MO). Cochabamba: Villa Tunari, Hotel Sumuque, alt. 350 m, 30 Jan. 1997, C. Luer et al.

18309 (MO). Santa Cruz: collected by Dr. Moreno near Santa Cruz, alt. 600, 3 Feb. 1988. C. Luer & R.

Het ay 12981 (MO).

U: Cajamarca: Contmaza, Bosque Cachil, alt. 2400 m, 17 May 1993, M.O. Dillon et al. 6497 (F,

io same area, alt. 2500 m, 13 Apr. 1995, A. Sagdstegui et al. 15566 (HAO, MO).

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: Imuya Cocha, along Rio Lagartococha, upstream from Rio Aguarico, alt. 200

m, 20 Oct. 1991, C. Dodson, G. Romero & P. Dodson 18917 (MO). Esmeraldas: between Lita and San

Lorenzo, alt. 200 m, 25 Jan. 1996, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 6270 (MO). Napo: Bermejo, alt.

450-600 m, Apr. 1990, A. Hirtz 4834 (MO); Rio Jatunyacu, alt. 900 m, Apr. 2004, A. Hirtz 8705 (MQ).

Tungurahua: San Francisco, alt. 1500 m, Nov. 1983, A. Hirtz 1374 (MO).

orona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutuct, east of Méndez, alt. 700 m, 5 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 12638 (MO); along Rio Yanguza between Rio Zamora and Lim6n, alt. 1200 m, 22 Oct. 1999, A.

Hirtz, E. Sanchez & S. Marin 7057 (MO). Azuay: Rio de Chimbo, alt. 700 ft., Alausi, 1877, FC

Lehmann L IV (holotype of P. crepidophylla: W); west of pass between Gualaceo and Lim6n, alt. 2850

m, 5 Mar. 1992, S. Dalstrém 1612 (MO); scrub vegetation above Cumbe, alt. 3000 m, 6 Mar. 2001, C.

Luer et al. 19783 (MO). Loja: army road to antenna east of Yangana, alt. 2400 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 10812 (MO); valley near El Cisne, alt. 2350 m, 26 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Embree 12037 (MO). El Oro: south of Pifias, alt. 950-1000 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 10670 (MO); old road west of Pacha, alt. 1850 m, 23 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al, 13612

(MO).

COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: near Buenventura, 16 Aug. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 48 (W); Corrales, east

slope of Volcan Puracé, alt. 8,500 ft., 20 May 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W); above Barbacoas, alt. 300

e ae July ae FC. Lehmann s.n. (W). Caqueta: Caqueta, Solita, alt. 600 m, collected by J. Aguirre,

vered in cultivation at C 15 Dec. 1992, R. Escobar 5051 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Rio Icabari, below confluence with Rio Uaipart, June 1957, G.C.K. Dunsterville 415.

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: between Fortuna and Chiriqui Grande, alt. 100 m, 17 Feb. 1985, C. & J.

Luer, R. & K. Dressler 10600 (MO). Panama: Gatun Lake, sea level. fall 1916, C.W. Powell 106

(AMES).

COSTA RICA: sine loc., alt. 3,000 ft., 1868, A. Endres 25 (illustr. at W). Puntarenas: aes Forestal

Golfo Dulce Aguabuena, Rincon de Osa, alt. 50-150 m, 10 Aug. 1991, R. Aguilar 245 eee

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: forests of Chocén, 25 Mar. 1985, S. Watson s.n. (ho ae P choco-

niana: AMES); Esquintla: alt. 1100 m, Mar. 1890, J.D. Smith 2253 (BR); sine a aes, by A.

Béhar in Ciudad Guatemala, 18 Feb. 1990, C. Luer 14690 (M

EL SALVADOR: Perquin, alt. 1600 m, F: Hamer 13 (SEL).

NICARAGUA: Zelaya: from plantel El Salto to Bonanza, alt. 140 m, D. Stevens 18815 (MO).

BELIZE: sine loc., received from the Belise EState and Produce Company, 1887, flowered in cultivation

at K (type of P. pergracilis: K); New Town, 25 Aug. 1932, WA. Schipp 918 (K).

MEXICO: Vera Cruz: Mirador, 1841-42, FM. Liebmann 7311; 132 (C); Mirador, eu 1840, F;

Liebmann 133 (holotype of P. perplexa: W; isotype: C); Jan. 1907, C.A. Purpus s.n. (AMES). se

Balancan, 22 June 1939, E. Matuda 3150 (AMO, K). Chiapas: peal Rio Chixoy, road to Chajul,

alt. 150 m, 10 Sept. 1985, E.M. Martinez 13571 (AMO, BM, K); sine loc., flowered in cultivation at the

mburg Botanical Garden (holotype of P. marginalis: W); sine sie flowered in the collection of

Consul Schiller s.n. (holotype of P. perplexa: W).

Two collections made near Demerara in what was British Guyana were de-

scribed and published simultaneously by Lindley in 1835 as Pleurothallis grobyi

[=Specklinia grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros] and P. picta [S. picta (Lindl)

Pridgeon & M.W. Chase. Differences between the two concedpts are meager, and

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE Be

when extensive collecting proved the two to be widely distributed, and with nu-

merous intermediates, they became known as a species-complex. As such, the S.

grobyi-picta complex is the most widely distributed taxon in the Pleurothallidinae.

Practically all hobbyists and growers of orchids are familiar with the pair, which are

treated here as two variable and intermingled species. Perhaps Garay was right

(Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated, 2: 278-280, 1961) when he reduced P. picta and

numerous others to the synonymy of Pleurothallis grobyi [=S. grobyi|. Because the

extremes are recognizable, they will be treated individually. However, determina-

tions are often faulty, so that all the accompanying citations cannot be accurate.

Some variations from Brazil that are also recognizably different will be treated in a

future Icones Pleurothallidinarum. Populations occur from near sea level to over

2500 meters above sea level, from Mexico to southern Brazil. On the island of

Hispaniola it has been identified as P. grisebachiana [=Specklinia grisebachiana

(Cogn.) Luer]. Misidentifications of other species (i.e. S. grisebachiana) account

for some identifications from Cuba.

The complex of two intergrading but identified species (Specklinia grobyi and

S. picta) is distinguished by a small, clumped plant with narrow, short-stemmed

leaves, and a more or less flexuous, simultaneously-flowered raceme surpassing the

leaves. The pale-colored flowers are small and bilabiate. The synsepal of Speckli-

nia grobyi is subacute to obtuse, albeit often minutely bifid; the synsepal of S. picta

is acuminate and acute, usually with a purple stripe. Both taxa have simple petals

and lip, and near the middle of the column-foot is a pair of calli that are usually

conspicuous, even pedunculated. Similar calli are found on numerous closely, as

well as more distantly related species.

Specklinia jesupii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261,

Bas.: Pleurothali jesupii Luer, Lindleyana 14: 116, 1

Ety.: Named in honor of H. Phillips Jesup of Bristol, CT, who collected this species in the Domini-

can one ils the Rev. Don Dod.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-8 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse,

petiolate, 12-20 mm long including a petiole 2-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate

into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, successive, distantly 2- to 3- flowered raceme, 3.5-4 cm lon

including the slender peduncle ca. 2.5 cm long, borne from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

tubular, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals light yellow-green, membranous,

glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals connate into a narrowly triangular, acute, shallowly concave lamina, very shortly bifid with

the tips acute, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 2-veined, forming a small mentum below the column-foot,

petals membranous, glabrous, elliptical, subacute to acute, 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip

oblong, rounded at the apex, 2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the disc sulcate between a pair of low, narrow,

longitudinal calli ee the base to above the middle, the base subtruncate, hinged to the tip of the col-

umn-foot; column winged above the middle, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm

long, with faintly thickened margins near the middle.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: sine loc., collected ca. 1970 with D. Dod, flowered in cultivation in Bristol,

CT, by Jesup, Dec. 1987, C. Luer 12843 (holotype: MO); same collection, flowered in cultivation, 1 June

1997, C. Luer 18516 (MO)

This little species is similar to the numerous taxa that are commonly grouped

into the Specklinia grobyi-picta-complex. Specklinia jesupii is distinguished by

smaller habit with narrowly obovate leaves with short ramicauls, and a distantly

two- or three-flowered raceme borne by a peduncle that reaches above the leaves.

54 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The pale yellow-green and membranous sepals are narrowly triangular, and the

petals are narrow and acute. The lip is narrowly oblong and longitudinally chan-

neled between a pair of narrow calli that extend from the base to above the middle.

The lip of the S. grobyi-picta-complex is proportionately wider, and shallowly

sulcate between callous halves of the lip. The column-foot of members of the S.

grobyi-picta-complex has a pair of more or less conspicuous, rounded calli, one on

either side of the middle of the foot. These calli are seen on numerous related

species (i.e. S. schaferi (Ames) Luer and S. recula (Luer) Luer. Only very slight

thickenings are found on the margins of the column-foot of S. jesupii. If not sought,

they will not be seen.

eee lanceola (Sw.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 8, 1830.

as.: Epidendrum lanceolum Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 123, 1788.

: y.: From the Latin lanceolus, “‘little lance-like,’’ referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Dendrobium lanceolum (Sw.) Sw., Nov. Act. Upsal. 6: 83, 1799.

Syn.: Cymbidium lanceolum (Sw.) Sw., in Schrad. N. ae Bot. 1: 94, 1805.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lanceola (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. 3: 731, 6.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lateritia Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 731, 1872

Ety.: From the Latin lateritius, ‘‘brick red,”’ referring to the flowers.

Syn.: sabes —— Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 49, 1877.

Ety.: unknow ssibly an error in eee ‘scarlea,’’ meaning “‘scarlet.”’

Syn.: eee lateritia (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia sclarea (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2 ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 20-30 mm long, 4-7 mm

wide, narrowly cuneate below into an ill-defined petiole 5-10 mm long. Inflorescence a lax, simultane-

ously 2- to 3-flowered raceme, 25-50 mm long, including the aes peduncle 20-30 mm long, emerging

laterally | the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 5-7 mm long; ovary winged, ‘i mm ae

sepals red, glabrous, carinate, 7 dorsal sepal ovate, ose, concave, 5-7 mm long, 3-3.5 m de, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals connate at the base, oblong, s ute, 5-7 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide pelle

translucent red, obovate, aa at the obtuse apex, 0-2. 5m mm long, 0.8-1.25 mm wide; lip red, thick,

elliptical-obovate, arcuate, 2.75-3.25 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, rounded at the apex, the disc ape

hanneled betw a pair of low, eee) calli, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot;

te with inal w

colu

semiterete with narrow, margin ings, 2 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long, with the anther coer

hooded and the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: sine loc., O. Swartz s.n. (Holotype of Epidendrum lanceola: S; Isotypes: BM, W). Sine loc.,

Nov. 1881, J.T: Syme & D. Morris 231 (K, NY); St. George, J.T. Syme & D. Morris 171 (NY). Portland:

near Mabess River, alt. 3,000 ft., 22 Nov. 1898, W. Harris 7467 (BM); W. Harris 7742 (BR); Mt. Moses,

J.T. Syme 2091 (NY); Shingle Heap, 6 Feb. 1895, W. Harris s.n. (NY). Mabess River, below Vinegar

Hill, 9 Feb. 1903, L.M. Underwood 1394 (NY). St. Thomas: Stone Hole Bump, alt. 600-800 m, 9 June

1926, W.R. Maxon 9026 (AMES, NY, US); Maccasucker Bump, alt. 825-1025 m, 25 June 1926, WR.

Maxon 9536 (AMES, NY, US). Mabess River, alt. 2,500 ft., 25 July 1903, G.E. Nichols 140 (AMES,

US). Sine loc., collected by P. Jesup, flowered in cultivation at Bristol, CT, June 1985, C. Luer 11395

(SEL).

COSTA RICA: sine loc., alt. 4,000 ft., 1868, A. Endres 52 (holotype of P. lateritia: W; flowers at

AMES, K); sine loc., spend from L. Glicenstein by P. Jesup, flowered at Bristol, CT, 17 Nov. 1977, C.

Luer 2216 (SEL). Heredia: Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui, alt. 1500-1750 m, July 1937, A.F. Skutch 3290

(AMES, K); Vara Blanca, Sept. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Walter 4864 (SEL). San José: Parqué

Nacional Braulio Carrillo, alt. 700-760 m, 16 Feb. 1984, M.W.Chase 84219 (CR).

MEXICO: Vera Cruz: woods near Huatusco, alt. 3,000 ft., Sept. 1954, Florence Johnson 954-17

(AMES)

Sine loc., flowered in cultivation at K, 29 Oct. 1876, (holotype of Pleurothallis sclarea: W).

This species is uncommon in Jamaica where it was first collected by Swartz. A

subsequent, indistinguishable collection was made in Costa Rica by Endres, and it

flowered in cultivation at the Hamburg Botanical Garden. Collections from both

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 55

Jamaica and Costa Rica are characterized by a small, caespitose habit, a short

ramicaul, and lax racemes of two- to three brick-red flowered racemes about as long

as the leaves. The sepals and petals are obtuse, and the simple lip is arcuate and

shallowly channeled. There is no significant distinction between the two plants.

One flower of a plant without data was sent from Kew to Reichenbach in a letter

by Oliver [of Porroglossum muscosum (Rchb.f.) Schltr.-fame] that is still in the

Vienna herbarium.

“24 Jan. 1876

My dear friend

...can tell me this tiny wretchI... off hand, the only flower on the spec.

Looks like an old Specklinia Caespitose Apod.

Ever yours

D. Oliver”’

Reichenbach obliged Oliver by describing it in Linnaea as Pleurothallis sclarea

Rchb.f., comparing it to his P. lateritia Rchb.f. He stated that the capillary pedun-

cle was “‘single-flowered’’; that the conspicuous flower was a beautiful cinnabar

color; that the petals were half as long as the sepals; and that the lip was linear

ligulate. The crude sketch with an obovate lip sent by Oliver is most compatible

with P. lateritia, the Central American plant inseparable from the Jamaican P.

lanceola {=Specklinia lanceola (Sw.) Lindl.], but it could even have been S. lanceo-

la itself.

sce lichenicola (Griseb.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis lichenicola Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 259, 1866.

Ety.: From the Latin lichenicola, “lichen dwelling,” referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Pleurothallis gemina Stenzel, Lindleyana 16(1): 28, 2001.

Ety.: From the Latin geminus, ‘‘twined, paired,”’ referring to the two-flowered raceme.

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose to shortly repent; roots slender but proportionately

thick. Ramicauls erect, 1-3 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

elliptical, subacute to obtuse or rounded at the apex, subpetiolate, 5-7 mm long including a petiole less

than 1 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick, the base broadly cuneate into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a single flower, or a loosely 2-flowered raceme, borne by an erect peduncle 2-3 mm long, from a

node on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 1-2 mm long; pedicels 0.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5-2 mm long;

sepals white, sometimes suffused with red at the thickened tips, fleshy, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate,

narrowly obtuse, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, obtuse, 2.5-3.5

mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, barely 2-veined, forming a shallow mentum below the column-foot, connate to

near the middle; petals membranous, glabrous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 2-2.75 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm

wide, 1-veined; lip red-purple, thick, elliptical-oblong, rounded at the apex, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.75 mm

wide, the disc shallowly channeled centrally between thickened halves, the base subtruncate, hinged to

the tip of the column-foot; column narrowly winged above the middle, 1.25 mm long, dentate at the

apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 0.75 mm long with a pair of low, indistinct, marginal calli.

: Oriente, near Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859, C. Wright 1507 (Holotype: W; Isotype: K); Turqui-

e 193 i

Jesup in Bristol, CT, 28 June 1998, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Diaz, J. Llamacho, J. Ackerman, K. & R.

Dressler 18637 (MO); same locality, alt. 850 m, 24 Apr. 1998, H. Stenzel & A. Matos Vifiales 452

(holotype of P. gemina: HAJB; isotype: JE). Guantanamo: Imias, Sierra de Imias, La Yamagua, Loma

Maestra de Yamagua, alt. 750-850 m, 14 Apr. 1984, J. Bisse et al. s.n. (HAJB). HAITI: Formond, May

1982, D. Dod 2-F (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8066, 8067.

56 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is one of smallest of those species similar to the Specklinia grobyi-

picta complex. It 1s relatively frequent, forming dense mats on trunks and branches

of trees. A usually single (occasionally followed by a second) tiny white flower

with a red lip is borne no higher than the thick, broadly elliptical leaves by a short

peduncle. The sepals are white or light yellow, and thickened at the narrowly

obtuse apex. The petals are narrowly spathulate. The lip is red-purple, thick and

oblong, shallowly channeled, and convex at the recurved apex. As in S. grobyi and

its relatives, a pair of small calli, albeit indistinct, are present on the margins of the

column-foot. Pleurothallis gemina [=S. lichenicola (Griseb.) Pridgeon &

M.W.Chase differs in bearing two flowers simultaneously instead of usually succes-

sively.

Specklinia lichenicola is similar to S. schaferi (Ames) Luer, which 1s distin-

guished by a three- or four-flowered raceme held above the leaves by a longer

peduncle. Collections from Haiti differ in thicker tips of the sepals.

Specklinia luis-diegoi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262,

Bas.: Plewrothallis luis-diegoi Luer, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: 55, 2001.

Ety.: Named Dr. Luis Diego G6mez at that time of the Wilson Botanical Garden, Cotobrus,

Costa Rica, co-collector of this speci

Plant very small, epiphytic, age nee shortly repent, the rhizome 1-2 mm long between rami-

cauls; roots thicker than the rhizom amicauls slender, erect to suberect, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by 2

thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, Sioaeae oui. subacute to obtuse, with red-brown dots, 4-9 mm

long including the petiole ca. 1 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiolate base. Inflor-

escence a fascicle of solitary, successive flowers, large for the plant, borne in a congested raceme by

capillary peduncle, 18-25 mm long, laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts very close, sometimes

imbricating, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 4 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, de-

scribed as orangish, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 9.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the

lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute, minutely bifid synsepal, 9.5 mm

lated to the column-foot; column slender, narrowly winged, 2 mm long, the foot nearly as long with a

pair of minute auricles at the base, the anther exposed but ventral as are the rostellum and stigma.

STA RICA: Lim6n: Asuncion, Rio Segundo, alt. 300 m, 2 May 1985, L.D. Gémez, G. Herrera & J.

Berrocal 23611 (Holotype: CR; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19316.

This tiny species is apparently endemic in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica.

It is characterized by the minute, shortly repent habit that superficially appears to be

caespitose. The capillary peduncles bear a congested, successively flowered

raceme, like a tiny brush, far above minutely purple-speckled leaves. The flower is

comparatively large, larger than the leaves. The dorsal sepal is ovate; the synsepal

is minutely notched at the tip; the petals are spathulate; and the lip is elliptical with

a minutely denticulate, rounded apex. A minute pair of rounded calli are present at

the base of the column-foot.

Specklinia microphylla (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana

ee 258, 2001.

s.: Pleurothallis microphylla A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3: 17, 1845.

.. From the Greek microphyllon, ‘“‘small leaf,”’ referring to the leav

.. Humboldtia microphylla (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Kuntze, Gen. ei Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis rotundifolia Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 191, 1895.

Ety.: From the Latin rotundifolius, “‘with round leaves,”’ referring to the leaves.

mn mo

SF.

Syn.: Pleurothallis panamensis Schlitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 140, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Panama, the country where the species was collected.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE a7

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizomes 1-5 mm long between ramicauls; roots slender. Rami-

cauls slender, suberect, 1-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect to prostrate,

coriaceous, more or less mottled with purple, occasionally subverrucose, broadly ovate to subcircular,

obtuse to rounded at the apex, 4-10 mm long including a petiole less than 1 mm long, 3-7 mm wide,

broadly cuneate to rounded below; Inflorescence an erect or suberect, lax, more or less simultaneously

few-flowered raceme 3-7 cm long, including the 2-4 cm long peduncle, from near the base of the rami-

caul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 2.5-4 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals membranous, gla-

brous, pale yellow-green, usually with red veins, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 4-7 mm long, 1.75-2.75

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, shortly bifid synsepal, 4-7 mm long, 2.5-3

mm wide, 4-veined, the tips acute, in apposition; petals translucent light yellow, elliptical-obovate,

acute, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, with the midvein red; lip yellow-green to red, oblong, rounded

at the apex, 1.75-3 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the disc shallowly channeled, the base truncate, with a

small, central, marginal cavity, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, dentate at

the apex, 1.5-2 mm long, the foot | mm long with a pair of rounded calli near the middle, the anther and

stigma ventral.

MEXICO: Oaxaca: alt. 3,000 ft., 1840, H. Galeotti 5175 (Holotype of P. microphylla: W

BELIZE: 1905-07, M.E. Peck 498 (K). Orange Walk, northern highway, north of Maskall, 25 Jan. 1974,

J.D. Dwyer & R. Liesner 12188 (MO). Cayo: Mile 28 Western Highway, alt. 30 m, 10 May 1997, G.

Davidse Y D.L. Holland 36321 (MO); Southern Maya Mountains, Bladen Nature Reserve, 13 May 1997,

G. Davidse 36367 (M

HONDURAS: sine loc., collected by Nera cult. 1974, C. Luer 1001 (SEL).

NICARAGUA: Jinotega: between Pantasmi and Cua rivers, alt. 2,000 ft., A.H. Heller 181] (AMES).

Zelaya: near Siuma, A.H. Heller 4649 (SEL

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 23, 23A (W); A. Endres 677 (W). Heredia: along Rio

Puerto Viejo, north of Las Horquetas, alt. 60 m, 19 July 1984, M.H. Grayum 3564 (MO); Parqué Nac.

Braulio Carrillo, Est. Magsaysay, alt. 1100 m, 2 June 1990, G. Carballo 110 (CR, K, M

PANAMA: Colon Rio Indis au Foto, near sea level, 24 Aug. 1911, H. Pittier 4264 (holotype of P.

panamensis presumably destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 22755, illustr. of type).

Panama: El Eid Carti road, Rio Terable aie alt. 300-400 m, 9 June 1982, S. Knapp & R. Schmal-

zel 5480 (M

JAMAICA: 3 loc., received in 1880, flowered at K, 14 Aug. 1886, D. Morris s.n. (holotype of P.

rotundifolia: K), C. Luer illustr. 18799; flowered at K, June 1895, D. Morris s.n. (K).

ADOR: Pastaza: collected near Puyo, cultivated at Chamblee, GA, 17 June 1975, F L Stevenson

61775-4 (SEL).

This little species is widely distributed at relatively low altitudes through Cen-

tral America and northern South America into Ecuador. It is little more than a

vegetative variation of the frequent and even more widely distributed Specklinia

grobyi-picta-complex. Specklinia microphylla is characterized by a repent rhizome

bearing abbreviated ramicauls with small, broadly elliptical, more or less overlap-

ping, suberect leaves. The lax, few-flowered raceme reaches well-above the leaves.

Although small, the flowers are basically similar to those of S. grobyi (Bateman ex

Lindl.) F.Barros, including the pair of calli on the column-foot.

Specklinia minuta (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis minuta Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 30, 1930.

Ety.: From the Latin minutus, ‘‘minute,”’ referring to the very small habit,

P very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 mm

long, sae by 2 ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to obovate, obtuse, 8-12

ng, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, cuneate below into an ill-defined petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a lax,

mm wide, 3

translucent red, elliptical-obovate, narrowly obtuse, microscopically erose, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide;

lip red, thick, oblong, 1.25 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, broadly rounded at the apex, the disc cellular-glandu-

lar, shallowly channeled between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base truncate, slightly decurved,

hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete with broad, marginal wings, bidentate at the apex, 1.5 mm

long, the foot 0.75 mm long, with the anther shortly hooded and the stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: La Palma, alt. 1100 m, 25 Oct. 1922, A.M. Brenes (13)343 (Holotype:

AMES); Rincén de la Vieja, Quebrada Rancho Grande, alt. not recorded, 12 Sept. 1978, C. Todzia 430

(CR), C. Luer illustr. 17801.

58 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, similar to Specklinia lanceola (Sw.) Garay, is found uncommonly

in Costa Rica. It 1s distinguished from S. /anceola by the very small habit and much

smaller, dark red flowers. Instead of two or three, comparatively large flowers, four

or five, tiny red flowers are borne simultaneously in a loose raceme. Except for

size, the floral parts are not remarkably different from those of S. lanceola.

Specklinia mitchellii (Dod) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262,

2004

Bas.: Pleurothallis mitchellii Dod, Moscosoa 3: 109, 1984

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Clay Mitchell of the Agencia Internacional de Desarrollo.

Syn.: Anathallis mitchellii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate,

marginate, microscopically erose, 8-11 mm long including a petiole 2-3 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, the

base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, loose, successively few-

HOw eG raceme, to 15 mm ae ae the slender peduncle ca. 5 mm long, from near the apex of the

long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, shortly bifid with acute tips,

shallowly concave lamina, 5.75 mm long, 3 mm wide, 2-veined; petals membranous, glabrous, narrowly

elliptical, acute, 2.25 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined, with the margins microscopically erose above

the middle; lip oblong, obtuse at the apex, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the margins of the middle third

erect and finely ciliate, the disc cellular-glandular, with a pair of low, longitudinal calli that unite into a

thickened elevation above the base, the base subunguiculate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot;

column winged above the middle, semiterete, 2 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1.5 mm

ong.

HAITI: Massif de la Hotte, Les Cayes, Formond, alt. 950 m, 18 Feb. 1982, flowered in cultivation 3 Mar.

1982, D. Dod 892 (Holotype: JBSD; Isotypes: AMES, MO, NY, US); Formond, May 1982, D. Dod 1-F

(SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8068.

This little species is uncommon in Haiti. It is very similar to Specklinia curtisii

(Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase with which it is sympatric. In habit they are similar,

but the peduncles and the loose, successively flowered racemes are shorter. The

sepals do not differ significantly. The petals are proportionately narrower and the

erose margins are merely microscopic. The ciliated margins of the lip of S. mitchel-

lii are limited to the middle third. The disc is occupied by a longitudinal pair of

calli that unite above a shortly unguiculate base.

Specklinia morganii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262,

2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis morganii Luer, Lindleyana 11: 171, 1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of Hilton (“‘Pete’’) Morgan, co-discoverer of this species.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, with the rhizome slender, 3-6 mm long between Ramicauls;

roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptic-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 6-10 mm long including the petiole 1-2 mm long, 3-3.5

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, lax, nearly simultaneously 4-flowered

raceme 4: 4. 5 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1.5 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts 1-2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent greenish white, gla-

brous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acuminate, acute, 6.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, barely 3-veined,

the lateral sepals free, narrowly ovate, oblique, acuminate, acute, 7 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 1-veined;

petals translucent, elliptical, obtuse, 2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip greenish white, elliptical-oblong, 2

mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apex rounded, the margins broadly rounded and slightly elevated below the

middle, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot;

column longitudinally winged, tridentate at the apex, 1.75 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of

rounded calli, the anther and stigma ventral.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 59

ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic in orange tree in a pasture, near Dos Rios below Chiriboga, alt. 1400

m, collected by C.H. Dodson, H. Morgan et al., flowered in cultivation 18 Dec. 1979, C. Luer 4834

(Holotype: SEL). Imbabura: Los Cedros reserve, along ridge in wet forest, alt. 1400 m, 23 Jan. 1993, S.

Dalstrém, T. Hoijer & H. Wanntorp 1735 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20944.

Forming mats of little leaves from creeping rhizomes, this species is similar to

the Central American Specklinia calyptrostele (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. It

is distinguished from the latter by taller inflorescences with more flowers and

acuminate sepals twice as long. Although the petals, lip and shaft of the column are

similar, the column-foot of S. morganii has a distinct pair of rounded calli, similar

to those seen in the S. grobyi-picta complex and relatives.

Specklinia mornicola (Mansf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

262, 2004.

Ety.: From the Latin -icola, “‘dwelling upon,”’ referring to Morne Perr

Bas.: Pleurothallis mornicola Mansf., Arkiv. Bot. Stockh. 22A(8): 13, "1929.

nt very small, epiphytic, caespitose, forming dense tufts; roots fleshy, broader than the rami-

cauls. Ramicauls slender, 2-4 mm long, enclosed by 2 8 tubular sheaths. Leaves overlapping,

coriaceous, obovate, obtuse, 6-8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, narrowed below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long.

Inflorescence a single, purple flower; peduncle slender, 3-4 mm sion from a node near the middle of the

ramicaul; floral bract inflated, 2 mm long; pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals glabrous,

subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, acute, concave, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals connate into an ovate-triangular synsepal, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex acute,

minutely bifid; petals translucent, narrowly elliptical-obovate, acute, 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, without

visible vein; lip thick, oblong, 2.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, fimbriate and rounded at the apex, the disc

channeled between a pair of longitudinal calli along the basal two-thirds the length, the base subtruncate,

hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete with marginal wings, denticulate at the apex, 1.6 m

long, the foot 1 mm long, with the anther hooded and the stigma ventral.

HAITI: Massif du Nord, near Ennery, top of Morne Perroy, alt. 1075 m, 13 June 1927, E.L. Ekman H-

8440 (Holotype: S; Isotypes: AMES, K, NY), C. Luer illustr. 18585.

This minute species is apparently endemic at the summit of at least one of the

mountains of Haiti where it is known only from the original collection. It is charac-

terized by little tufts of overlapping leaves and a single, purple flower borne about

midway along a leaf. In Mansfeld’s description the inflorescence was noted to be

one- or two-flowered, but there is no evidence of a second flower on several plants

of the isotype at Kew. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are similar and acute. The

petals are narrow and sharply acute (not ligulata, obtusiuscula). The lip is oblong,

not spathulate. However, Mansfeld might have had the advantage of examining

fresh flowers. The above description was made from a rehydrated flower.

Specklinia mornicola is very similar to S. stillsonii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.

Chase that occurs in the same mountains of Haiti. It differs from the latter in

narrower, non-denticulate leaves, and longer ramicauls and peduncles.

Specklinia mucronata (Lindl. ex Griseb.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

004.

Pleurothalis mucronata Lindl. ex Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts ser. 2, 8: 219, 1861,

py Cogn.

Ety.: From the ie mucronate. “mucronate,” referring to the apex of the leaves.

Plant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively thick. eee aed pe 1-1.5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, margined and cellular-denticulate,

obtuse to rounded, minutely apiculate, 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the oa cuneate into a petiole 0.5

mm long. Inflorescence a single flower to a loose, successively 3-flowered raceme, borne by an erect,

capillary, peduncle 12-25 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels

m long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals appear to have been light yellow, subcarinate, glabrous, the

60 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

dorsal sepal creates slightly acuminate, acute, 4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

- ovate-tri oblique, slightly acuminate, acute, 4.25 mm pou 1.25 mm wide; petals translu-

ovate, s ice 2.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, with the margins microscopically serrate; lip

heey trilobed, 2.6 mm lon ng, 1.5 mm wide across the lobes ead oblong above the middle with the

apex rounded, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, antrorse, sharply acute with the margins minutely

serrate, the disc longitudinally shallowly channeled, the base narrow, truncate, united to the column-foot;

column slender, 1.25 mm long, narrowly long-toothed at the tip, the anther, rostellum and stigma ven

tral, the foot 0.5 mm long.

CUBA: Oriente: near Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859, C. Wright 1504 (Holotype: W, Isotypes: AMES, BR,

K, MO, W), C. Luer illustr. 19014.

This species occurs locally in the mountains of the Oriente of Cuba. It is distin-

guished by the very small habit with broadly elliptical, obtuse leaves with minutely

denticulte edges, and an elongated, lax, successively few-flowered raceme. The

sepals are slightly acuminate. The petals are obovate and subacute. The lip is

shallowly channeled medially and deeply lobed below the middle, the lobes being

proportionately large, uncinate, and antrorse.

Specklinia napintzae (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

5: 262, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis napintzae Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 173, 1996.

Ety.: Named for the community of Napintza in the Cordillera del Condor in southeastern Ecuador

where this species was discovered.

lant small, epiphytic, me repent, the rhizome slender, 5-10 mm long between ramicauls; roots

slender along the rhizome. Ramicauls suberect, 3-4 mm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, ie to subacute, 12-20 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, narrowed below into

the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a loose, successively few-flowered raceme, up to 30 mm or more

long including: the peduncle ca. 10 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts glabrous, 1.5

g; 1 3-3 ng; 0 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

oblong-ovate, acute, thickened toward the apex, 5 mm , 1.75 mm wide, the lateral sepals ovate,

oblique, acute, 4 : wide, barely connate at the base; petals red, obovate, acute, acu-

7) , 1.2 mm wide; I , glabrous, ovate, 3 mm 1 : cute, the

h a pai

middle third, the base hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, jaan at the apex, 2 mm long,

the foot 1 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in forest near Napintza, alt. 1000 m,

June 1991, A. Hirtz 5547 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15322.

This species is similar to the widely distributed Specklinia spiculifera (Lindl.)

Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, but it is apparently confined to the Cordillera del Condor

in eastern Ecuador. Specklinia napintzae is distinguished from the latter by broader

leaves, longer pedicels, a raceme of slightly larger flowers, acuminate petals, and a

pointed lip with erect margins below the middle.

Specklinia obliquipetala (Acufia & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Mis-

1 Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004

Bas.: Pleurothallis obliquipetala Acufia & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 6: 1, 1938.

Ety.: From the Latin obliguipetalus, ‘‘with oblique petals,”’ referring to the petals.

Plant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively thick. Ramicauls erect, 3-5 mm long,

= by 2 ae tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 5-24

le 2-10 mm long. ses nc 1

x, 3-5 mm

long, each | mm nies: nec obovate, acute, 1.6-2.6 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, with the eae margin

dilated above the middle; lip Saige et ani teen entire, 2.3-3.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the apex

broadly rounded,the disc shallowly channeled between a low pair of longitudinal calli on the middle

third, the base truncate, connate to the column-foot; cana slender, winged, 2 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 61

CUBA: Oriente: Estribo del Este, Pico Turquino, | Aug. 1935, J. Aquifio 9540 (Holotype: SV [HAC

Isotype: AMES); Gran Piedra, alt. 1500 m, 4 Mar. 1911, J.A. pene 9048 (AMES, NY), C. Luer illustr.

19029; Pico Turquino, 10 June 1936, J. Acufia 10567 (HAC

This species occurs locally in the mountains of the Oriente of Cuba. It is distin-

guished by the small habit with acute leaves and a short peduncle that bears one

flower, often followed by a second. The sepals are acute and slightly acuminate at

the tips. The petals are also acute, but distinctly dilated above the middle of the

labellar margin. The lip 1s simply oblong or slightly panduriform.

a cere ordinata Luer & Dodson, sp. nov

om the Latin ordinatus, “in an orderly line,”’ Telening to the habit.

ee haec Speckliniae spiculiferae (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase similis, — habitu duplo

majore, sepalis obtusis proportione latioribus, et labello infra medium dilatato differ

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, the ple slender, 1-2 cm long between ramicauls; roots

slender bas the rhizome. Ramicauls erect, 5-8 mm long, enclosed by 2 cui eke Leaf erect,

laceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3. i mm on 3-4.5 mm wide, gradually pee Poe into

a petiole ca. 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively 4- to 7-flowered raceme, 5-7.

including the peduncle 2.5-3 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral sa ee Dn mm

long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light rose, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong,

obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, slightly oblique, obtuse, 3 mm

long, 1.4 mm wide, 2-veined, barely connate at the base; petals narrowly elliptical, acute, 3.25 mm long,

0.75 mm ie 1-veined; lip red, glabrous, ovate-oblong, subtrilobed, with the apex obtuse, 2.75 mm

wide across the sides expanded, t the sides erect, broadly rounded, below the middle, the

disc aay channeled between a pair of longitudinal calli below the middle, the base truncate, hinged

to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above the middle, dentate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the

foot 1 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: Imuya Cocha, near the Colombian border, alt. 200 m, 30 July 1991, C.H.

Dodson et al. 18863 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15541.

This species is related to the widely distributed Specklinia spiculifera (Lindl.)

Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, but differs from it by twice longer leaves, ramicauls, and

rhizome. Although the raceme is longer with more flowers, the flowers are slightly

smaller with obtuse, proportionately wider sepals. In common with S. spiculifera,

the narrow petals are slightly longer than the petals, and the lip is concave below the

middle with erect, broadly rounded sides.

Specklinia pectinifera Luer & Hirtz, sp. no

.. From the Latin pectinifera, “comb bearing,”’ in aeicrence to congested, distichous raceme.

Species haec Speckliniae altae — Luer affinis, sed racemo abbreviato disticho congesti

quam folio subsessile breviore differ

nt small, epiphytic, shortly penne roots slender. cue stout, erect, 1-1.5 cm

long, ache by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, rigid, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 6-8

cm long pes 1.2-1.8 cm wide, , narrowly below into the indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence

an erect, congested, distichous, y many-flowered raceme up to 2.5 cm long or longer, borne

by a nes peduncle ca. 4m long, from below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm

long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; flowers non-resupinate, borne 1-1.5 mm apart;

sepals glabrous, fleshy thickened at the apex, carinate, light green — with tan ie thickly

callous at the apices, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate into an ovate, acute, bifid synsepal, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm ie 4-veined, free 2 mm; petals trans-

lucent light green, oblong, oblique, obtuse, 2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, the margins of the apex minutely

ged, with broad, un-

cinate lobes at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of low, marginal calli, i anther

and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic in wet forest near Mindo, alt. 1800 m, cultivated in Quito, flowered in

cultivation 1 Sept. 2004, A. Hirtz 8989 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20974.

62 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is characterized by a compressed peduncle that bears a short,

congested, distichous raceme of non-resupinate flowers in opposite-facing rows. It

is related to the tall, loosely flowered Specklinia alta (Luer) Luer, but distinguished

by the shorter, subsessile leaves in addition to the abbreviated raceme. The sepals

are similar with the apices fleshy thickened; the petals are similar but narrower; and

the longitudinally callous lips are also similar.

ee picta (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis picta Lindl., Bot. Reg. 21: sub. t. 1797, #15, 1835.

Ety.: on the Latin pictus, “painted,” referring to the striped sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis marginata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 70, 1838.

Syn.: Pleurothallis marginata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 34: Misc. 42, hbk not 1838.

Ety.: From the Latin marginatus, ‘‘marginate,”’ referring to the lea

Syn.: Pleurothallis surinamensis H. Focke, Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. 2: 194, 1849.

— : Named for Suriname, country where the collection was made

Syn thallis florulenta Linden & Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 223, 1885

Bty.. fon the Latin florulentus, “‘abundantly flowered,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Humboldtia marginata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia picta (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Lepanthes plurifolia Barb.Rodr., Vellosia 1 (ed. 2): 118, 1891.

Ety.: From the Latin plurifolius, “‘several-leaved,”’ ae intended to be pluriflorus.

Syn.: Pleurothallis densifolia Rolfe ex Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 260, 1895.

Ety.: From the Latin densifolius, ‘“‘densely leaved, caespitose,’’ referring to the habit.

Syn.: Lepanthes pluriflora Barb.Rodr., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 492, 1896. nom. nud.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pluriflora (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 492, 1896.

Ety.: From the Latin pluriflorus, ‘‘several-flowered,”’ referring to the raceme.

Syn.: Pleurothallis panamensis Schltr., a Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 140, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Panama, country of o

Syn.: Pleurothallis dryadum Schltr., Ren Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 186, 1923, not 1922.

Ety.: Named for a dryad, a mythological, tree-dwelling nymph

Syn.: Pleurothallis lindleyana Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 489, 1896, replaced name for P. marginata

Lindl., 1848.

Ety.: Named for Dr. John Lindley, author of P. marginata.

7 Pleurothallis integrilabia Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 39, 1934,

replaced name for P. dryadum Schltr., 1923.

Syn.: Pleurothallis arevaloi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 43, 1924.

Ety.: Named for a person named Arevalo, with no clue to his identification.

Syn.: Specklinia florulenta (Linden & Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia marginata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001 [Pleurothal-

lis marginata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 34: Misc. 42, 1848, not 1838

Plant small, epiphytic ae roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. L ect, coriaceous, sometimes suffused with purple, pga elliptical

to narrowly obovate, Sie one etiolate, 2-5 cm long including a petiole 0.5-2 cm long, 0.5-1.5

cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, more or less flexu-

ous, usually se salar Ss to many-flowere d raceme 5-15 cm long, borne by a suberect, slender

peduncle 3-10 c om a node on the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1-2 mm long; pedicels

3-5 mm long; ne i: 3m mm long; sepals pale yellow, usually with a thin, purple stripe, membranous,

brous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, narrowly acute, 5-10 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the

mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, 2-veined, forming a shallow mentum below the column-foot; petals mem-

branous, oT glabrous, elliptical, oblique, acute, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip

oblong, rounded at the apex, 2-2.5 mm long, | mm wide, shallowly concave centrally between a pair of

low, icneean calli, the base subtruncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column broadly

winged above the middle, 2 mm long, bidentate at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm

long with a pair of tuberosities or calli near the middle.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 63

The following are onl d

GUYANA: Demerara, cultivated c ca. 1835 ae pees SN. ee ®): Demerara, 1837, Schomburk

87.5 (K); 1898, E.F. im Thurn 144 (K); Potaro River below the Kaieteur, Sept.-Oct. 1881, G.S. Jenman

823 (K); Cuyuni River, Oct. 1904, A.W. Bartlett 8100 (K); Essequibi River, Moraballi Creek, alt. near

sea level, 20 Sept. 1929, N. . Sandwth 319 (K); basin of Shodikar Creek, Essequibo tributary, 8-22 Jan.

1938, A.C. Smith 2889 (K,

SURINAME: 1825, Dr. Hostmann 279 (K, W); sine loc., Wullschlegel 537 (BR); sine loc., H. Focke s.n.

(holotype of P. surinamensis: W); Confluent Litany - Koule-Koule, Monts Tumuc-Humac, alt. 160 m, 28

July 1993, J.J. de Granville 11872 (CAY, US).

BRAZIL: Amazonia: Rio Yauapery, tributary of Rio Negro, B. Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of P. pluriflora

is Rodrigues’s illustration); Terr. Roraima, vicinity of Auaris, alt. 760-800 m, 12 Feb. 1969, G.T. Prance,

J.R. Steward, J.F: Ramos & L.G. Farias 9846 (INPA, K, NY, US); Regiao do Rio Jari, between Pilao

and Repertimento Mata de terra firme, 20 Jan. 1969, N.T. Silva 1659 (K, NY). SP: Comm. Geogr. &

Geol. rec. Lofgren 1609, (BR).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: **Yungas,”’ 1890, M. Bang 216 (AMES, M, NY, US, W). Cochabamba: Chapare,

near Villa Tunari, alt, 300 m, 16 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez et al, 12845 (MO). Santa Cruz:

collected near Santa Cruz, alt. 600 m, cultivated by Luis Moreno, 3 Feb. 1988, C. Luer & R. Vasquez

12982 (MO

PERU: Huanuco: Leoncio Prado, near Tingo Maria, alt. 800 m, 20 Oct. 1990, collected by E. Jara, D.

Bennett 4743 (MQ); Cuevas de Las Lechuzas, collected by E. Jara, 20 Dec. 1990, D. Bennett 4939 (MO).

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: new road between Lita and San Lorenzo, alt. 300 m, 12 Jan. 1992, C. Luer &

J. Luer, A. & X. Hirtz et al. 15573 (MO). San Lorenzo, alt. 100 m, flowered in cultivation at Ecuagen-

era, 11 Jan. 2004, A. Hirtz 867] (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20963. Napo; Bermejo oil fields, north of Lumba-

qui, alt. 850 m, 9 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Embree 11742 (MO). Pastaza: southeast of

Puyo, alt. 1000 m, 21 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrém & L. Arnby 1396 (MO). Azuay: Cordillera del Molleturo,

above Rio Shurimal, alt. 650 m, 27 Jan. 1992, C. & J. Luer, P. & A. Jesup & A. Hirtz 16190 (MO).

Loja: El Cucho, west Andes above Santa Rosa, alt. 300-600 m, F'C. Lehmann 8362 (K). Zamora-

Chinchipe: south of Yangana, alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém et al. 9612 (MO); Cordil-

lera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1500 m, 19 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13481 (MO).

COLOMBIA: sine loc., J. Linden 55 (holotype of P. florulenta: W; isotype: AMES). Antioquia: Agua

Clara near Palmira, alt. 5,000 ft., Nov. 1877, FC. Lehmann 130 (W). Cauca: Rio Buga, 1500 m, 28 July

1881, FC. Lehmann &12 (W). Caqueta: near Mocoa, alt. 530 m, Oct. 1921, W. Hopp 121, 161 (holo-

type of P. arevaloi lost at B).

PANAMA: received from Chipman, cultivated by Vietch 149 (W). Chiriqui (and Veraguas): Apr. 1858,

Moritz Wagner 24 (holotype 7 P. panamensis destroyed at B). Canal Zone: Gamboa, alt. 20-100 m,

Nov. 1911, H. Pittier 4787 (AMES).

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: San Pedro de San Ram6n, alt. 900 m, June 1921, A.M. Brenes 36 (holotype of

P. dryadum presumably destroyed at B; lectotype: AMES, illustr. of type; isolectotype: CR),

GUATEMALA: sine loc., U. Skinner s.n. (holotype of P. marginata: K).

This species is the partner of the Specklinia grobyi-picta complex. See the

discussion of S. grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros. Specklinia grobyi and S.

picta (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase are so similar to each other, that an identifi-

cation often relies on personal judgement. Specklinia picta is distinguished from

the usual P. grobyi and the multitude of intermediates by usually purple-striped

sepals, and a narrowly acute to acuminate synsepal. These features are often not

obvious, causing inaccuracy in many identifications.

eee pisinna (Luer) Solano & Soto Auge Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6, XI, 2003.

Bas.: Pleurothallis pisinna Luer, Lindleyana 6: 105, 199

Ety: From the Latin pisinnus, “‘very small,” referring to i: flowers and habit.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, le 2-2.5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, 10-11 m ng, 4-4.5 mm wide, the

apex obtuse to rounded, cuneate below into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively 2-

-flowered raceme borne by a slender, erect peduncle 8-9 mm long, emerging laterally from the

ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ee 0.75 mm long; sepals yellow with purple

stripes, glabrous, with the dorsal sepal ovate, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex subacute,

wide; petals translucent brown, elliptical, obtuse, 2 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; lip dark purple-brown,

hick elliptical -oblong, 2.25 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, with the apex rounded, shallowly sulcate centrally

bet a low pair of longitudinal calli, with the subtruncate base hinged to the column-foot; column

fe eacinally winged in the distal three fourths, bidentate at the apex, 1 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long,

with slight marginal elevations, with the anther and stigma ventral.

64 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: alt. 300 m, collected and cultivated by H. Ibafiez in Coban, 27 Nov.

1990, C. Luer 14860 (Holotype: MO).

MEXICO: Chiapas: south of Palenque near Cascada Mizola, alt. 300 m, 15 Jan. 1982, D.E. Breedlove

57322 (CAS); Ococingo, Lacanja-Chanzayab, road Palenque Boca Lacantum, alt. 340 m, 7 Nov. 1985,

E. Martinez S. 15057 (MEXU, MO). Veracruz: Zacuapam, Barranca de Aacuapam, alt. 900-1000 m, 17

May 1994, L. Sanchez S., A.R. Lépez-Ferrari, A. Espejo & J. Garcia-Cruz 31] (AMO), C. Luer illustr.

19173. Chiapas: Hoover 257 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17016.

HONDURAS: Yoro: Rio Texiquat, alt. 150 m, 11 Apr. 1995, 77 Hawkins & M. Merello 751 (MO).

This tiny species is obviously related to the widely distributed and variable

Specklinia grobyi-picta complex. Numerous closely allied and look-alike taxa are

already lumped together in this complex, because there is at present no satisfactory

way to determine the boundaries of the included taxa. Specklinia pisinna 1s distin-

guished from them by the tiny flower produced successively in a two- to three-

flowered raceme at the apex of a peduncle shorter than the leaves. The flower is

basically very similar to a minute variation of S. grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) Luer

except that the pair of lobules seen on the column-foot of S. grobyi are absent.

Specklinia producta (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W. Se Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis producta Luer, Selbyana 3: 176, 1

Ety.: From the Latin productus, “‘elongated,”’ de ne i ‘the inflorescence.

nt medium in size, often terrestrial, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 m

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to ane:

raceme, up to 24 cm long ian the slender peduncle 10-15 cm long, borne laterally from the rami-

caul; floral bracts acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, minutely subverrucose;

sepals membranous, subcarinate, glabrous, light green, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5.5 mm long, 2.5

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate nearly to the apex into an ovate, acute, shortly bifid synse-

pal, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translucent greenish white, obovate, obtuse, 2 mm long, |

mm wide, 1-veined; lip green, marked with red on margins, oblong, rounded at the apex, 2 mm long, 1

mm wide, the disc shallowly channeled between a longitudinal pair of low ae on the lower two-thirds,

the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column pale green, broadly winged above the middle,

bidentate at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of dee calli near the middle, the

anther and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: new road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. ca. 2000 m, 1 Mar. 1975, C.

Luer & R. Kent 572 (Holotype: SEL); sine loc., cultivated by Janet Kuhn, 4 June 1975, C. Luer 290-S

(paratype: SEL). Tungurahua: between Ambato and Bafios, alt. ca. 2000 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera,

ualaceo, 5 Mar, 2001, C. Luer 19742 (MO). Azuay: Sayausid, terrestrial, alt. 3000 m, 1 Apr. 1968, G.

Harling, G. Storm & B. Strém 7924 (AMES, GB); south of Cumbe, alt. 2900-3000 m, 9 June 1979, B.

Lojtnant, A. & U. Molau 14351 (AAU, GB); between Jarata and La Paz, between Cuenca and Loja, alt.

3400 m, 8 Mar. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 22818 (GB); terrestrial, south of Cuenca, alt. 2800 m,

20 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup 16053 (MO

This species is closely allied to the Specklinia grobyi-picta complex, but differs

with the markedly elongate, distantly flowered raceme with longer-pedicellate

flowers. The flowers are practically inseparable from those of the complex with the

simple sepals and petals; an oblong lip; a bituberous column-foot; and a column

with similarly shaped wings that protrude at the apex.

Specklinia recula (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263,

2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis recula Luer, Lindleyana 11: 92, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin recula, ‘‘a little thing,’’ referring to the habit of the plant.

very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender but thicker than the ramicauls.

amicauls slender, erect, 1-2.5 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

elliptical-obovate, subacute, 5-18 mm long including the petiole 1-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base

narrowed into the petio

filiform peduncle 15-20 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, 1-1.5 mm

long; pedicel 3-5 mm long; ovary, 0.5-1 mm long; sepals transparent light yellow, thin, glabrous, the

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 65

dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, obtuse, 3.75-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, ey lateral sepals ovate,

oblique, obtuse, 3.5-6 mm long, connate from the middle or to near the apex into a lamina 2.

wide; petals translucent light yellow, thin, obovate, oblique, obtuse, 2 mm fone. 1 mm wide, 1-veined;

lip yellow-orange to yellow-green, elliptical-oblong, arcuate, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the

margins microscopically erose toward the rounded apex, the disc with a pair of longitudinal calli near the

middle, the base subtruncate, delicately hinged to the column-foot; column deeply winged above the

middle, 1.5 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of minute

lobules near the middle

ECUADOR: Napo; Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5364

aes MO), C. Luer illustr. 15324; epiphytic in forest near Tena, alt. ca. 1000 m. July 1975, C.

uer, G. Luer & . Wilhelm 455 (SEL). Esmeraldas: E] Tigre, Rio Cayapas, alt. 400 m, 14 Nov. 1995,

: Porter s.n. (M

PANAMA: ae E! Llano-Carti road, 13 Apr. 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5561 ies Altos de

Pacora road, alt. ca. 600 m, 4 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. L. Dressler & P. Taylor 742 (SEL

COSTA RICA: das Osa Peninsula, west of Rincon de Osa, alt. 30 m, 4 June 1968, W. Burger &

R. Stolze 5432 (CR,

This tiny colin is similar to a small Specklinia grobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.)

F.Barros, but S. recula is distinguished by a fasciculate inflorescence instead of a

loose raceme, and by the elongated wings of the column. The flower of the Cuban

and Hispaniolan S. schaferi (Ames) Luer is also similar, but the inflorescence of the

latter is elongate and loosely flowered. A minute pair of calli is found on the

column-foot, but smaller than those of several other species, most notable the S.

grobyi-picta complex.

Specklinia schaferi (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263,

2004

Bas.: Pleurothallis schaferi Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 119, 1922.

Ety.: Named for J.A. Schafer who collected the species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis bipapularis Dod, Moscosoa 1: 52, 1976, as bipapulare

Ety.: From the Latin bipapularis, “‘bipapular,”’ referring to the pair of calli on the column-foot.

Syn.: Pleurothallis haitiensis Dod, Moscosoa 3: 113, 1984.

Ety.: Named for Haiti, the country of origin.

Syn.: Specklinia bipapularis (Dod) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

Syn.: Specklinia haitiensis (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

t very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3.5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ca paste elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, pe-

tiolate, 5-10 mm long including a petiole ca. 1 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into

the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, ieee, aeuly simultaneously few-flowered raceme, to 8-

7 mm long including the slender peduncle 6-8 mm long, borne from near the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts oblique, acute, 0.75-1 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sce light

yellow, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, obtuse, 2-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals oblong, obtuse, 1.6-3.5 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, 1- veined, ee a mentum

with the equi foot; petals membranous, glabrous, narrowly oblong-obovate, obtuse, 1.25-1.8 mm

long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip oblong, pounaed at the apex, 1.5-1.8 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide,

the disc shallowly channeled, the base subt , hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column winged

above the middle, 1.2 mm long, the anther and stigma ‘ventral, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of small,

marginal calli.

CUBA: Holguin (old Oriente): Sierra Nipe, near Woodfred, alt. 450-550 m, 5 Jan. 1910, J.A. Schafer

ag (Holotype: age C. Luer a oe Mayari, Sierra de Nipe, Cayo Las Mujeres, alt. 750

v. 1997, C. L J. Luer, M. D Llamacho, J. Ackerman & R. Dressler 18620 (HAJB,

MO Guantanamo: Sierra ie Frijol alt. on 12 May 1983, Bisse et al. s.n. (HAJB), C. Luer illustr.

188

ar Massif de la Hotte, Les Cayes, Formond, alt. oa 24 Feb. 1982, flowered in cultivation 28

July 1983, D.D. Dod 890 (holotype of P. haitiensis: JBSD; isotypes: AMES, MO, NY, US), C. Luer

illustr. 9189; Citadel, collected by D. Dod Oct. 1987, flowered i in cult. 7 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13731 (MO).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: La Lechuza, Pilancon: Bayaguana, alt. 300 m, 27 Apr. 1973, D. Dod 504

(holotype of P. bipapularis: SDM; isotypes: AMES, NY, SEL, US), C. Luer illustr. 19037; La Lechuza.

alt. 300 m, 14 May 1973, D. Dod 399 (SDM); 12 Jan. 1974, D. Dod 505 (SDM); La Vereda, Pilancén,

Bayaguana, alt. 300 m, 21 Feb. 1975, D. Dod 506 (SDM); Hoyo de Pelempito, Sierra de Baoruco, alt.

800 m, 4 July 1971, flowered in cultivation 19 Oct. 1975, D. Dod 507 (SDM); Sierra de Baoruco, Peder-

nales, Hoyo de Pelempito, alt. 700-1000 m, A.H. Liogier 16716 (AMES, NY).

66 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is not uncommon in eastern Cuba and on the island of Hispaniola.

Differences in collecions from the two islands are minor in sizes and in more or less

acute to obtuse tips of the sepals. Specklinia schaferi is also similar to the one- to

two-flowered S. lichinicola (Griseb.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. Misidentifications of

S. schaferi are probably responsible for some of the reports of S. grobyi (Bateman

ex Lindl.) F.Barros in the Greater Antilles. Similar to S. grobyi, a pair of calli are

present on the column-foot.

Specklinia schaferi is characterized by a tuft of little, narrowly elliptic-obovate

leaves, and simultaneously three- to four-flowered racemes that are carried near the

tips of the leaves. The sepals are narrowly obtuse with the laterals free; the petals

are obovate, and the lip is simply oblong.

Saag segregatifolia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon.

h. (Mex.) 5-6: XI, 2003.

sets segregatifolia Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8: 33, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin a as “with segregate leaves,”’ alluding to some rile about

segregate leaves. No clue to the meaning 1s given in either the Latin or English descriptio

Syn.: Pleurothallis aan L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 11: 65, 1940.

Ety.: From the Greek calyptrosepalon, “‘hooded sepal,’’ referring to the cucullate tip of the dorsal

sepal.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-8 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly to broadly elliptical-obovate, pe-

tiolate, subacute to obtuse, 6-25 mm long including the petiole 3-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the base

narrowed into the petiole. Inflorescence a lax, distichous, flexible, flexuous, successively several-flow-

ered raceme, up to 8 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul;

floral bracts oblique, 1 mm long; pedicel 1.5-3 mm long; ovary 1-1.25 mm long; sepals dark red- ea

to pale rose, membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, 3-4.75 mm long, 1.5-2 mm e,.3"

veined, with the apex variably narrowed into an obtuse or cucullate tip, sometimes thickly ae the

lateral sepals oblong, oblique, subacute, 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, variously connate from below the

middle to above the middle; petals translucent purple, membranous, oblong, obtuse, 2-2.75 mm long,

0.3-0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, subobovate-trilobed, 2-2.5 mm long, 0.75-1.25 mm wide,

the margins erect near or above the middle with variably formed lobes, more or less constricted above

the lobes with the apex rounded oF pone | often deflexed, the disc shallowly concave between

calli within the lobes, the base subtrunca e, hinged to the column-foot; column shallowly winged above

the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.5-2 mm a the anther and stigma ventral, the foot less than 1 mm

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Peralta, La Fuente, 24 June 1914, C.H. Lancaster 914 (Holotype: AMES).

Alajuela: San Ramon, 1869, A.R. Endres 59 (305) (W). Guanacaste: La Tejona, north of Tilaran, alt.

600-700 m, 25 Jan. 1926, PC. Standley & J. Valerio 45976 (AMES). Abangares, upper San Gerardo

valley, north of Monteverde, alt. 1500 m, 12 Oct. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zuchowski 9559 (MO); data

missing, W. Haber 8921 (CR), C. Luer illustr. 16510; pasture above Santa Elena, alt. 1600 m, 19 Mar

1995, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & W. Rhodehamel 17422 (MO). Puntarenas: east of Santa Elena, alt

1500 m, 6 Aug. 1988, J.T. Atwood & W. Haber 88-39 (AMES, SEL); Monteverde Reserve, TV tower,

alt. 1750 m, 26 June 1989, J.T. Atwood 89-246 (AMES, K, SEL); J.T: Atwood 88-39 (CR), C. Luer il-

lustr. 17053; leeward cloud forest, alt. 1500 m, - Feb. 1992, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 1349 (MO,

SEL). Sine loc., ca. 1876, A. Endres 49 (illustr. at W).

NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: north of Gate 29 Dec. 1973, J.T. Atwood, S.A. Marsall, D.A. Neill

6922 (AMES, US).

EL SALVADOR: road to San Fernando, alt. 1450 m., 9 Oct. 1975, F. Hamer 518 (AMES).

PANAMA: ps Quebrada Aleman, north of Los Planes de Hornito, alt. 1200 m, 13 Mar. 1982, S.

Knapp, W.J. Kress & B. Hammel 4150 (MQ); below Fortuna dam, alt. 1100 m, 16 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. & K. oer 10576 (MO).

GUATEMALA: San Marcos: above San Rafael, alt. 1600 m, 13 July 1977, T-B. Croat 40913 (MOQ).

Alta Verapaz: Finca Chicatal, near Coban, collected and cultivated by Oscar Archila, 13 Feb. 1990, C.

Luer 14636 (MO).

MEXICO: Chiapas: east of Comitan, Lake Tziscao, alt. 1350 m, 12 Mar. 1936, O. Nagel 5493 (AMES).

This species is widely distributed, occasionally abundantly so, across Central

America. It varies in the shape of the leaves from broadly elliptical to narrowly

obovate. The usually deep purple flowers are borne successively in a loose, weak,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 67

flaccid raceme. The tip of the dorsal sepal is variously thickened into a concave,

thimble-like tube, or a solid finger-like extension. Sometimes the apex is totally

free of any such development. The lip is even more variable with calli and lateral

lobes above the middle with a constriction below the apical segment. There is no

correlation between variations of the apex of the dorsal sepal and lobes of the lip,

the variations apparently occurring at random within a population.

Specklinia simpliciflora (Dod) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

264, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis simpliciflora Dod, Moscosoa 1(2): - 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin simpliciflorus, ‘‘with simple flower

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender but as broad as the ramicauls. Ramicauls

slender, 6-10 mm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaves erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-

obovate, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 10-18 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 2-4

mm long. Inflorescence an erect, simultaneously few-flowered raceme, to 20 mm long including the

Qo.

—

on”

—

ois

—

long; pedicel 1.2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical-

oblong, acute, thick at the tip, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, con-

nate basally, 2.75 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, l-veined, the apex acute, thickened; petals translucent, obo-

vate-spathulate, obtuse, with the margin minutely erose, 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined; lip ob-

long, 1.75 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, round at the apex, the margins microscopically erose, the disc shal-

lowly channeled ee a pair of longitudinal calli below the apical quarter, the apical quarter with a

low, subconical callus, cellular-verrucose, base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete,

winged above the basal third, minutely undulate, 1 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with the anther hooded

and the stigma ventral.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: El Cercado, Jorgillo, Loma Los Patios, alt. 1520 m, collected 19 Nov. 1973,

flowered in cultivation in the Jardin Botanico Nacional Dr. Rafael M. Moscoco, 12 Oct. 1976, D.D. Dod

582 (Holotype: SDM; Isotype: NY); same collection flowered in cultivation in the Jardin Botanico

Nacional, 15 May 1982, C. Luer illustr. 19034

This tiny species is apparently rare and endemic in the Dominican Republic,

known only from the type collection. It is very similar to Specklinia formondii

(Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase from Haiti. Both are small caespitose plants with a

simultaneously few-flowered raceme. The sepals are free, carinate and acute, those

of P. formondii being somewhat larger with the laterals connate. The spathulate

petals of P. simpliciflora are minutely erose. The lip of both is longitudinally

channeled between marginal calli below a low callus near the apex. The column-

foot lacks calli seen in P. formondii.

Ss i pare (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, a 16: 259, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis spiculifera Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 43, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin spiculifer, “‘spicule-bearing,”’ probably referring to the habit.

Syn.: Pleurothallis acutissima Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 43, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin acutissimus, “very acute,” probably referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sertularioides var. trinitensis see Fl. Br. W. Ind. Is. 609, 1864.

Ety.: Named for Trinidad where the species was collec

lant small, epiphytic, ma repent, the rhizome slender, 5-10 mm long between ramicauls; roots

slender along the rhizome. Ramicauls suberect, 2-4 mm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

mm long; pedicel 0.5-1.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow to light rose, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, 3.25-4 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong

to ovate, slightly oblique, acute to narrowly obtuse, 3.25-4 mm long, 0.7-1.4 mm wide, 2- to faintly 3-

veined, barely connate at the base; petals narrowly elliptical, oblong, acute, acuminate, 3.3-4 mm long,

5-0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow or red, glabrous, entire to ovate-trilobed, with the apex obtuse,

68 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1.75-3 mm long, 1.3-1.6 mm wide across the lobes expanded when present, the lobes erect, below the

middle with the anterior margin antrorse, acute or obtuse, the disc featureless or thickened along the

midvein, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above the middle,

dentate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Amazonas: San Carlos del Rio Negro, Oct. 1853, R. Spruce 3154 (Holotype of Pleurothallis

spiculifera: K; Isotypes: P, W), C. Luer illustr. 18920; near San ia da Cachoeira, Rio Negro, Jan.-

Aug. 1852, R. Spruce 2302 (holotype of P. acutissima: K; isotypes: BR, P, W), C. Luer illustr. 18921.

Para Compey, Aug. 1854, Wullschlegel 1588 (W); Mun. Guainia, 25 a 1998, G.A. Romero et al. 3189

(AMES, TFAV), C. Luer illustr. 18783.

TRINIDAD: Arima, Feb. 1840, Dr. Bradford s.n. (holotype of P. polygonoides var. trinitensis: K);

Arima, 1877-1800, A. Fendler 794 (K); Aripo, 16 a 1908, WE. Broadway 2333 (AMES); Aripo

Savannah, 13 Feb. 1915, WG. Freeman s.n. (AMES, TRIN); 26 June 1925, W.E. Broadway s.n. (K);

TOBAGO: sine loc., (“‘var. rinitensio??), ‘TNov. 1909, WE. Beoaiwa, 3014 (BR): sine loc., Cailine sin:

(AMES), C. Luer illustr. 18925.

GUYANA: Schomburgk s.n. (W); June 1841, Drake & W.N. Campbell s.n. (W); Barama Falls, Nov.

1896, E.F. im Thurn 70 (K), C. Luer illustr. 18923; Amakuru Falls, 26 July 1897, (acute lobes) E.F: im

Thurn 70 (K), C. Luer illustr. 18923; Macea Falls, Waini River, July 1906, J.E. Becket 8503 (K), C. Luer

illustr. 18922; Upper Mazaruni District, adjacent to Eboropu Mountain, alt. 470 m, 5 Apr. 1979, PJ.

Edwards 1150 (K).

SURINAME: Region Para, plea nae 1588 (BR).

FRENCH GUIANA: Montagne de la Trinité, 15 Jan. 1984, J.J. de Granville 6289 (CAY, MO, P, U);

Saut Vata, Bassin du Sinnmary, 3 Oct. 1993, G. Cremers 13251 (CAY

ECUADOR: Napo: Bermejo, alt. 450-600 m, Apr. 1990, A. Hirtz 4835 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 15325.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Alto Beni, alt. 930 m, 1 Sept. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & L.

Moreno 15397 (MO).

This little species is variable in its wide distribution in lowland northern South

America from Ecuador across Amazonian Brazil to Trinidad and French Guiana.

All collections are long-repent with very short ramicauls and erect, narrow leaves

that are surpassed by a successively few-flowered raceme. The sepals are widely

expanded, and the narrow petals are as long as, or longer than the sepals. The lip 1s

variously three-lobed below the middle. In Spruce’s type collection of Specklinia

spiculifera, the lobes are indistinct, merely rounded sides that occupy the lower half

of the lip. In his type collection of Pleurothallis acutissima, the lobes are erect,

uncinate and antrorse. All degrees between the two extremes occur. See illustra-

tions 35a. and 35b.

sac stillsonii (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W. ra Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis stillsonii Dod, Moscosoa 3: 107, 198

Ety.: Named in honor of Lester Stillson who first ie this species.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose, forming dense tufts; roots fleshy, broader than the rami-

cauls. Ramicauls slender, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaves overlapping,

coriaceous, subcircular, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 5-8 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, margined an

minutely ciliate-denticulate, cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence a single, orange

flower, sometimes followed by a second; peduncle less than | mm long, from a node near the base of the

ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 1.5 mm long; pedicel 5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals glabrous,

subcarinate, the dorsal Spe ees -ovate, acute, concave, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

ateral sepals connate in blong-ovate synsepal, 5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex obtuse, minute-

ly bifid; petals translucent, narrowly elliptical- obovate, subacute, 2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, I-veined; lip

purple, thick, oblong, 1.75 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, round at the apex, the margins minutely ciliate, the

disc shallowly channeled between a pair of longitudinal calli along the middle two-thirds the length, the

base subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete with marginal wings, dentate at the

apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with the anther hooded and the stigma ventral

HAITI: Massif de la Hotte, Camp Perrin, above Riviere Glacé, alt. 850 m, collected 23 Apr. 1992, flow-

ered in cultivation 19 Oct. 1982, D. Dod 894 (Holotype: ae Isotypes: AMES, MO, NY, US), C. Luer

illustr. 9151; Massif de la Hotte, Les Cayes, Formond, alt. 1150 m, flowered in cultivation 28 Oct. 1982,

D.D. Dod 899 (JBSD).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 69

This minute species is apparently uncommon and endemic in the mountains of

Haiti, along with the very similar Specklinia mornicola (Mansf.) Luer. Specklinia

stillsonii is similarly characterized by little tufts of overlapping leaves, but the

leaves are subcircular and minutely denticulate. One orange flower, or sometimes

two according to Dod, is produced by a very short peduncle and a short pedicel.

The dorsal sepal and synsepal are similar; the petals are obovate and acute; and the

lip is oblong, minutely ciliate, and shallowly channeled centrally. Specklinia still-

sonii may prove to be a variation of S$. mornicola.

Specklinia trichyphis (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

264, 2004

Bas.: Pleurothallis trichyphis Rchb.f., Flora 48: 276, 1866

Ety.: One of Reichenbach’s cryptic, indecipherable, Greek proposals.

Plant minute, epiphytic, Aaa roots slender, as thick as the ramicaul. Ramicauls slender, 1.5-

1.75 mm long, enclosed a e, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse,

sessile, 4-5.5 mm long, 2.5- a cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a congested, 2- to 3-

flowered fascicle of successive fee borne by an erect peduncle, 10-12 mm long, from a node about

the middle of a ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1-1.25 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; 0.5 mm long;

sepals membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ae acute, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, free

from the oe sepals, the al sepals connate into an ovate, obtuse, minutely bifid, bicarinate lamina,

.8 mm long, mm wide, 2-veined; petals ea iieal membranous, elliptical, obtuse, 1.2 mm long,

0.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip elliptical- oblong, 1.8 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, with the apex broadly round-

ed, the disc featureless, 3-veined, the base truncate, delicately hinged to the tip of the column-foot,

hinged to the rounded tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, shallowly winged, 1 mm long, the

anther and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 0.5 mm long.

CUBA: 1860-64, C. Wright 3345 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: AMES, BR, HAC, P, W-drawing); C. Luer

illustr. 19021.

This extremely small species is probably not as rare as the single collection

known would seem to suggest. The tiny, clustered leaves about five millimeters

long, and hidden in mosses, would be difficult to see and identify. A few, succes-

sive flowers are produced in a congested fascicle borne by a hair-like peduncle

about one centimeter long. The flowers are membranous with the dorsal sepal and

synsepal acute. The petals are membranous and obtuse. The lip is elliptical, round-

ed at the apex, and three-veined.

Specklinia wrightii (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

: 4.

Bas.: Pleurothallis wrightii Rchb.f., Flora 48: 276, 1865

Ety.: Named in honor of C. Wright who collected this species among numerous other Cuban species.

Syn.: Saal nee richteri H.Dietrich, Die Orchidee 35(6): 223, 1984.

Ety.: Named for Walter Richter, well-known contemporary grower of orchids and bromeliads.

Plant very small, ee sae caespitose to shortly repent; roots slender but proportionately

thick. Ramicauls erect, 1-2 mm long, salaa osed a) 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

elliptical, subacute to obtuse or rounded at the apex, subpetiolate, 5-6 mm long including a petiole ca. 0.5

mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick, the ae broadly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a

single, ?successive flower, borne by an erect peduncle 2 mm long, from a node on the ramicaul; floral

bract infundibular, acute, 1 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals fleshy, thickened at

the apex, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, narrowly obtuse, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, I-

veined, the lateral sepals ovate- ee care narrowly obtuse, 3.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, barely 2-

veined, forming a shallow mentum with the column-foot, connate basally; petals membranous, glabrous,

narrowly obovate, obtuse, 2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1|-veined; lip thick, oblong, narrowed to a thick,

subtruncate apex, 2.4 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, the disc shallowly channeled centrally between thickened

halves, the base subtruncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column narrowly winged above the

70 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

middle, 1.5 mm long, minutely denticulate at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1.5 mm

long with a pair of globular calli at the base of the foot

CUBA: Oriente, near Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859, C. Wright 1509 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: BR, K, LE,

W, illustr. only); sine loc., collected with P. murex, C. Wright s.n. (W), C. Luer illustr. 18916. Guanta-

namo: Baracoa, Viega de la Palma, near Rio Duaba, 20 Feb. 1979, J. Bisse, H. Dietrich et al, s.n. (holo-

type of Pleurothallis richteri: HAJB

This tiny species 1s sopuenily endemic in eastern Cuba. It is another eighteenth

century collection by Charles Wright and described by Reichenbach. His sketch is

at W, and a few isotypes are extant, but no flowers remain. However, an unidenti-

fied collection by Wright was found at W mounted on a sheet with Pleurothallis

murex Rchb.f. Hydration of a flower reveals it to match Reichenbach’s sketch of

Specklinia wrightii (Rchb.f.) Luer. The sepals are narrowly obtuse and described as

being purple. The petals are narrowly obovate and obtuse. The lip is oblong with a

narrowed and thickened apex, as described and seen in his sketch. A pair of globu-

lar calli are present on the column-foot which was not noted by Reichenbach.

I have not had the good fortune to illustrate many of these minute species first

collected by Wright from fresh or pickled fresh flowers. Consequently, the present-

ed illustrations have been made from dry material, which is often of inferior quality.

Specklinia yucatanensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lind-

leyana 16: 260, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis yucatanensis Ames & C.Schweinf., Bot. oO Leafl. 1(2): 4, 1932.

Ety.: Named for state of Yucatan where the species was colle

Syn.: Anathallis yucatanensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6:

XI, 2003.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, rhizome 1-2 mm long between ramicauls; roots proportionate-

ly thick, scattered along the rhizome. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a thin, tubular

sheath. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, sara elliptical to eet ee chines 8-18 mm met

2-5 mm wide, cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a loose of 2-3 successive flowers, 10-

30 mm long including the filiform sdaee 10- mm long, emerging ea from ne ra ue al

bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; o 0.6-0.75 mm long; — yellow-green, glabrous,

carinate, thicker toward the apex, the dorsa i ee oblong-ovate, acute, concave in lower half,

see : mm lon oe 1 - wide, 1-veined (or faintly 3-veined), the lateral sepals ee narrowly oblong-ovate,

a .5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined (or fai aie 2-veined); petals translucent, narrowly ovate-

ringer, ee toward the al acute, 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip yellow, oblong, rounded at

the apex, 1.5 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, the aoe thin and erect below the middle, cellular-pubes-

cent, the disc slightly convex, we less, the base truncate without a pair of lobules, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete with irregular wings, microscopically denticulate, 1 mm long, the foot

stout, ca. 0.25 mm long, with the anther shortly hooded and the stigma ventral.

MEXICO: Yucatan: Campeche, Tuxpefia, 8 Nov. 1931, C.L. Lundell 912 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype:

US). Quintana Roo: Municip. Othén P. Blanco, north of La Union, alt. 50 m, 5 Dec. 1997, G. Carnevali

et al. 4544 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19042

GUATEMALA: Izabal: Virginia, M.W. Lewis 26 (AMES); near Puerto Barrios, La Vigia, between

Bananera and Quirigua, M.W. Lewis 26 (AMES). Baja Verapaz: Montafia El Quisis, alt. 1800 m, col-

lected by and cultivated by H. Ibafiez in Coban, 27 Nov. 1990, C. Luer 14859 (MO); near Coban, col-

lected and cultivated by O. Mittlestaedt in Coban, 27 Nov. 1990, C. Luer 14833 (MO).

BELIZE: on of Orange Walk, collected by Fred Fuchs, flowered in cultivation Nov. 1974, C. Luer

0141 (SE

econ Jinotega: Mt. Kilambe, alt. 1170 m, A.H. Heller 11011 (SEL, drawing).

Specklinia yucatanensis is distinguished by a short, creeping rhizome; ramicauls

with thick, erect, narrowly obovate leaves; a loose, few-flowered raceme of small

yellow flowers slightly longer than the leaves; non-glandular pedicels and floral

bracts; acute sepals and petals; and an oblong lip with a rounded apex and thin,

erect margins below the middle, not lobulate. It is superficially similar to Pan-

morphia sertularioides (Sw.) Luer, which is distinguished by the minute lateral

lobes and basal lobules of the lip.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Specklinia ciliifera

w@ ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

2mm

Fig. 5. Specklinia curtisi

Fig. 7. Specklinia dodii Fig. 8. Specklinia feuilletii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 73

3mm

Fig. 11. Specklinia gracillima Fig. 12. Specklinia grisebachiana

74 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 13. Specklinia grobyi Fig. 14. Specklinia jesupii

Fig. 15a. Specklinia lanceola Fig. 15b. Specklinia lanceola

Specklinia lateritia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 18. Specklinia microphylla

Fig. 19. Specklinia minuta

76 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 22. Specklinia mornicola Fig. 23. Specklinia mucronata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 24. Specklinia napintzae | Fig. 25. Specklinia obliquipetala

Fig. 26. Specklinia ordinata Fig. 27. Specklinia pectinifera

78 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 28. Specklinia picta Fig. 29. Specklinia pisinna

Fig. 30. Specklinia producta Fig. 31. Specklinia recula

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 32b. Specklinia schaferi

Specklinia haitiensis

Fig. 33. Specklinia segregatifolia Fig. 34. Specklinia simpliciflora

80 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 35b. Specklinia spiculifera, above

Pleurothallis acutissima, below

Fig. 36. Specklinia stillsonii Fig. 37. Specklinia trichyphis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

age 1

* as neato ag veneers sone nen sey AES

andi oe SENET

Fig. 38

. Specklinia wrightii Fig. 39. Specklinia yucatanensis

82 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ANDREETTAEA

Andreettaea Luer, Selbyana 2: ae 1978.

Type: Andreettaea ocellus Luer, Selbyana 2: 183, 1978.

Ety.: Named for Padre Angel Andreetta, ea of Paute, Ecuador, co-collector of this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Andreettaea (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 31,

1986

This is a unispecific genus from Ecuador distinguished by all three sepals

connate at their tips, with the laterals parting for an aperture on the dorsum of the

nonresupinate flower.

sea ore ocellus Luer, pane hake 2: 183, 1978.

— eettaea ocellus Luer, Selbyana 2: 183, 1978.

oe m the Latin eee ‘a little eye,’ alluding to the parting of the lateral sepals on the upper

cities of the flower

Syn.: Pleurothallis ocellus (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 31, 1986.

Plant small, lithophytic, most likely also epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 4-7

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to

obtuse, 1.5-2.5 cm long eluding the petiole 0.5-1 cm long, the blade 4-5 mm wide, cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, lax, successively 2- to 3-flowered raceme sone by a slender pedun-

cle 1.5-2 cm long, borne from a node on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, infundibular, 1 mm long; pedicel

1.5 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals purple, glabrous, the middle sepal elliptical, acute, shortly acu-

minate, 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form an ovoid, non-

resupinate flower, the lateral sepals capac elliptical-oblong, acute, shortly acuminate, 6.5 mm long,

2 mm wide, 2-veined, the laterals connate 2 mm, the distal 4 m mm free, creating a dorsal opening into the

interior of the flower, the apices of all 3 eons connivent; petals , elliptical, acute,

acuminate, minutely serrate, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1- vemned lip uppermost within the flower, purple,

thick, oblong-trilobed, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apical half oblong, subverrucose, rounded-

subtruncate, the basal half concave, ae Tiles between the involute sides, the lateral lobes just below

the middle, acute, antrorse, the disc with a low pair of carinae extending from the lateral lobes onto the

middle lobe near the middle, the base thick, fixed to the tip of the column-foot; column yellow, spotted

with purple, semiterete, 2 mm long, longitudinally winged with the apex cucullate, the foot 2 mm long,

the anther and stigma ventral; pollinia 2.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: lithophytic in roadside ravine, east of Paute, alt. ca. 2800 m, 10 July

1977, C. Luer, J. Luer, G. Luer & A. Andreetta 1661 (Holotype: SEL); above Machangara, northwest of

Cuenca, alt. ca. 2900 m, 8 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, & A. Andreetta 2495 (SEL).

Vegetatively, this unique species is similar in habit to the numerous, small,

caespitose species similar to Specklinia Lindl. Dark purple, non-resupinate flowers

are produced successively in a loose, few-flowered raceme about as long as the

leaves. The acuminate tips of all three sepals are connivent, only the uppermost

lateral sepals parting above their middle to expose the undersurface of the tip of the

lip within. The lip is concave and long-villous below the uncinate lateral lobes at

the middle.

Illustration: Icones Pl thallidi III: 32, 1986, Plate 11, C. Luer illustr. 1661.

ARELDIA

Areldia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. a 95: 255, 2004.

Type: Pleurothallis dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3: 98, 197

Ety.: Named for Dr. Robert L. Dressler (an acronym of RLD), eel of the Smithsonian Tropical

Research Institute, Balboa, Canal Zone, who first collected this spec

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Dresslera Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 38, 2004.

This unispecific genus found in central Panama is distinguished by minute,

round leaves and a flower several times larger with a crested, fringed lip with an

erect, papular, digitiform process above the base.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 83

Areldia dressleri (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 255, 2004.

Type: Pleurothallis dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3: 98, 1976

Ety.: Named for Robert L. Dressler, who originally discovered this species.

Plant very small, but forming o clumps, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome relatively stout,

branching, up to 8-10 cm long, 1-3 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 2 ribbed, tubular sheaths;

roots proportionately thick. Ramicauls stout, suberect, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath similar

to those of the rhizom me. Leaf light green, veined in dark green, prostrate, coriaceous, suborbicular,

raceme, 5-7 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul below the abscission layer; floral bract thin, 1

m long; ovary 1 mm lon ranous, oe rous, the dorsal vert translu-

cent yellow-brown, with 3 mottled stripes in purple, ovate, obtuse, shortly caudate-acuminate, carinate,

7.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral oak basally, - lateral ak purple, ovate, oblique,

acute, acuminate, mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 2 mm; petals ye oo glabrous, setae obtuse, 3.5

mm long, 2 mm wide, the apical margin minutely inregular lip red-brown with the c sil ee —

bicular, broadly om ea at the apex, lacerate, 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the disc co e betw

pair of fringed crests below the middle, with an erect, oe tubercular rsppendase on the eee

of the base, the base subcordate, shortly hinged to the base of the column; column translucent pale

yellow-green, broadly winged above the middle, 2.5 mm (one the foot 1 mm Pica with a pair of thick

calli, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

pet

jet

PANAMA: Panama: epiphytic on mossy limbs, Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 20 Aug. 1967, R.L. Dressler

3033 (Holotype: SEL); same locality, 8 Jan. 1969, R.L. Dressler 3600 (SEL); epiphytic along the Altos

de Pacora road, alt. 6500 m, 4 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 731 (SEL).

This species, without close relatives, is apparently confined to a small area east

of Panama City. Produced along a tiny, branching rhizome, the minute, round,

watermelon-colored leaves lie upon each other in a tangled mass. The proportion-

ately large flower, with twice the dimensions of the leaf, is held above the leaves.

The sepals are purple with acuminate apices. The orbicular lip is bicrested and

fringed, with an erect, warty, finger-like callus at the base. The column is broadly

winged.

Illustration: Icones Pleurothallidi III: 40, 1986, Plate 16, C. Luer illustr. 731: COVER

ATOPOGLOSSUM

Atopoglossum Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri ie Gard. 95: 255, 2004.

Type: Pleurothallis ekmanii Schltr., Ssymb. Ant. 9: 61, 192

Ety.: From the Greek atopog wu ne lip,” cea to the labellum.

with eight pollinia being Octomer

This endemic, Cuban genus is characterized by a trilobed lip fixed to the col-

umn-foot, a narrowly winged column, and eight pollinia. The only other pleurothal-

lid genera with eight pollinia are Octomeria R.Br. and Pleurothollopsis Porto &

Brade, but these two genera are not vegetatively similar to Specklinia with abbrevi-

ated ramicauls.

Atopoglossum ekmanii (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurofhallis ekmanii Schltr., a tae Ant. 9: 61, 1923.

Ety.: Named for the collector, E.L. Ekm

Syn.: Pleurothallis bovilabia eo aveak: Bull. Amer. Orch. Soc. 15: 235, 1946.

Ety.: From the Latin bovilabius, “like a cow’s tongue,”’ referring to the labellum.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively fleshy. Ramicauls erect, 1-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical, obtuse to

rounded at the apex, 5-25 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, cuneate into the petiole less than 1 mm to 5 mm long.

Inflorescence an erect, lightly flexuous, successively to simultaneously, several-flowered raceme, 3-10

cm long, including the peduncle 5-15 mm long, subtended by a spathe 1-2 mm long, from near the apex

of = aera ee bracts oblique, 2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light

membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical, subacute, 5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

the ican a free, elliptical, oblique, subacute to obtuse, 5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined;

84 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

petals light green with a few large purple spots, elliptical, subacute, ean 3-3.5 mm long, 1.4 mm

wide, 1-veined; lip green, mottled with purple, trilobed, 3.75 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 4 mm wide across

lobes expanded, the apex sagittate-triangular above a constriction ee apical fourth, subacute, oblong

and concave below the apical fourth, with a pair of low, rounded calli at the constriction, the lateral lobes

oblong, oblique, obtuse, near the middle, erect in the natural position and surrounding the column, the

base thickened with incurved margins, solidly connate to the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 3

mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther with 8 pollinia, rostellum and stigma ventral.

CUBA: Holguin: Sierra de Cristal, alt. 1325 m, E.L. Ekman 6831 (Holotype: S); Moa, Monte de la

Brefia, alt. 500 m, Bros. Léon, Clément, Chrysogone & Alain 22586 (holotype of P. bovilabia: AMES;

Diaz, J. Llamacho, J. Ackerman, R. & K. Diese: 18657 (HAJB; MO); Moa, camino al Toldo, Alto

de La Calinga, alt. 950 m, collected by J. Llamacho, 30 Nov. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Diaz, J. Lla-

macho, J. Ackerman, K. & R. Dressler 18659, 18660 (HAJB, MO).

This species, apparently endemic in the low mountains of the eastern Cuba, is

characterized by the small tufted plant and an elongated raceme of proportionately

large flowers, but the size of the flowers varies greatly. The light green sepals are

free, obtuse and connivent, and the petals and lip are spotted with purple. The lip is

constricted below a sagittate apex, and a pair of erect, oblong lateral lobes surround

the column. A circular callus is present at the base of the lip that is thickened and

solidly connate to the column-foot. Eight pollinia of equal size are contained free

within the anther cap.

Illustration: Fig. 40, herein, C. Luer illustr. 18657.

Atopoglossum excentricum (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

95: 255, 2004.

Bas.: Octomeria excentrica Luer, Lindleyana 14: 106, 1999.

Ety.: From the Latin excentricus, “‘off center, eccentric,”’ referring to the odd lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis excentrica (Luer) Luer, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: 50, 2001.

Plant very small, ee pee repent, the rhizome up to 2 cm long, 1 mm long between rami-

cauls; roots slender. Ramicauls t, 1.5 mm long, enclosed by a loose, hua sheath. Leaf erect,

thickly coriaceous, aul ee acute, 9-12 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, the base narrowly

cuneate, sessile. Inflorescence a short raceme, borne by a peduncle 1.5 mm long, from a node on the

ramicaul, with a loose sheath 1.5 mm long; floral bract tubular, 1 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long; ovary

ong; flowers: sepals purple, yellow toward the base, glabrous, fleshy, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute,

concave, 4.25 mm long, 1.75 m ide, 3- d, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the latera

the lobes expanded, the apex narrowly rounded, minutely denticulate, papillose, the lateral lobes short,

acute sae near the middle, the basal angles thick, erect, broadly rounded, the disc shallowly con-

cave between a pair of minutely tuberculate calli from the bases of the lobes to the apical third, with a

ale ici on the aa fourth that is concave anteriorly and elevated with a curved callus above

the base, the base broadly and firmly connate to the base of the column; column slender below the

middle, winged above the middle, obtusely denticulate at the apex, 2 mm long, the anther with 8 pollinia

and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm lon

CUBA: Holguin: Moa, Rio Cayoguan, July 1949, Alain, Clemente & Crisegano A.896 bis (Holotype:

AMES; Isotype Herb. Ch. F. Barker 15598), C. Luer illustr

This tiny species is characterized by a row of narrowly linear leaves produced

by ramicauls about one and a half millimeters long and about one millimeter apart

on a creeping rhizome. The flower appeared to have been borne singly, but later

proved to be successively flowered. The dorsal sepal and synsepal barely separate,

and the petals are proportionately large. The lip is ovoid with the apical half nar-

rowly obtuse and papillose. Below the middle, the sides are thick and erect behind

short, antrorse lateral lobes. Immediately above the base is a circular structure,

concave anteriorly, and elevated with a curved callus at the base. The base 1s solid-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 85

ly connate to the base of the column. The anther is eight-loculate with eight, free,

pyriform pollinia.

Illustration: Fig. 41, herein, C. Luer illustr. 18844.

CHAMELOPHYTON

Chamelophyton Garay, Orquideologia 9: 115, 1974.

Type: Restrepia kegelii Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 133, 1877 [= Chamelophyton kegelii (Rchb.f.) Garay].

Ety.: From the Greek chamelophien,’ ‘a ground-creeping plant,”’ referring to the repent habit.

Syn.: Garayella Brieger, Trab. Cong. Nac. Bot. 42, 1975 [=Chamelophyton Garay].

Ety.: Named for Leslie Garay, author of the genus

This genus is distinguished by a creeping, round-leaved habit; a single-flowered

inflorescence; and six pollinia.

Chamelophyton kegelii (Rchb.f.) Garay, ees 9: 115, 1974.

Bas.: Restrepia kegelii Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 133, 1

Ety.: Named - Hermann Aribert Heinrich Kegel, A century German botanist, who collect-

ed this spec

Syn.: Barbosella egelii (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 262, 1918.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hexandra Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. Orch. Ilustr. 3: 252, 1965, not Pleurothallis

kegelii Rchb.f., 1877

Ety.: From the Greek hemmndane ‘six, male,” referring to the six pollinia.

Syn.: Garayella hexandra (Garay & Dunst.) Brieger, Trab. Cong. Nac. Bot. 42, 1977.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, 3-5 mm long between ramicauls, with 2 sheaths;

roots proportionately thick, from along the rhizome. Ramicauls stout, 1 mm long, enclosed by a loose,

tubular sheath. Leaf suberect to prostrate, thickly coriaceous, pustular-verrucose, broadly elliptical to

circular, obtuse to rounded, 7-12 mm long, including an indistinct petiole less than 1 mm long, 5-8 mm

fleshy, glabrous, pale brown, suffused with purple, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-elliptical, obtuse,

6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate into

an ovoid, concave, obtuse, shortly bifid synsepal, 6. m long, 4.5 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined;

petals glabrous, oblong, obtuse, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, slightly verrucose at the apex; lip

fleshy, brown, suffused and spotted with purple, shaves ined 4.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the apex

broadly rounded, cellular-glandular, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of calli on the middle

third, the lobes below the middle, broadly falcate, antrorse, obtuse, the base truncate, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete, minutely denticulate at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the foot 1.5 mm long,

the anther and stigma hooded and ventral, pollinia 6

SURINAME: shady forest near Mariepaston, May 1846, H.A.H. Kegel 1355 (Holotype: W).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: New Orchid Island, Rio Carrao, alt. ca. 1,600 ft., Dec. 1962, G.C.K. Dunster-

ville 751 (holotype of P. hexandra: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 11398

This little species occurs infrequently in northeastern South America. It is

characterized by the prostrate, round, verrucose leaves produced by a creeping

rhizome. The single, fleshy flower is borne by a short, pedicel and peduncle. The

dorsal sepal, concave synsepal, and petals are obtuse. The lip is three-lobed below

the middle and bicarinate centrally. The column is semiterete, and the anther con-

tains six pollinia, four large, and two smaller.

Illustration: Icones-I: 22, 1986, Plate 5, C. Luer illustr. 11398.

DONDODIA

Dondodia Luer, gen. n

Type: Cropophoranthus erosus Garay, J. Arnold. Arb. 50: 462, 1969 [=Dondodia erosa (Garay)

Lue

Et ined for the Rev. Donald D. Dod, indefatigable collector of Hispaniolan orchids, who also

discovered this most unusual taxon.

Folia denticulata. Florae proportione grandissimae. Sepala ad apices adhaerenta synsepalo cynbi-

formi. Labellum crassum, late ovatum, verrucossimum erossimumque.

86 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This is a unispecific genus, endemic on Hispaniola, with the description of the

species sufficing for the genus.

Dondodia erosa (Garay) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Cryptophoranthus erosus Garay, J. ad Arb. 50: 462, 1969 [=Dondodia erosa (Garay)

Luer]., not Pleurothallis erana Urb., Eb?

Ety.: From the Latin erosus, ‘“‘erose,’’ referring to the foliage.

Syn.: et a cymbiformis Dod, Moscosoa 3: 101, 1984, replaced name for Cryptophoranthus

erosus Garay.

Ety.: From i Latin cymbiformis, “‘boat-shaped,”’ referring to the synsepal.

Syn.: Specklinia erosa ae Luer, eee =e Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, i tely thick. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. ‘Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, eee subacute to obtuse, with

denticulate-erose margins, subpetiolate, 16-27 mm long including a petiole ca. 2 mm long, 5-8 mm wide,

the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne _ a peduncle 2-3 mm long, later-

ally from the ramicaul; floral bract oblique, acute, 5 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long with a filament 3 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long: sepals dark purple, glabrous within, cellular-papular externally, subcarinate, the

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, subacute, 13 mm long, 7.5 mm wide expanded, with 1 visible vein, connate

basally to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, lightly adherent at the tip, the lateral sepals connate into a con-

cave, ovoid, obtuse synsepal, 11.5 mm long, 11 mm wide expanded; petals glabrous, elliptical, acute,

2.5-3 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip thick, verrucose, broadly ovate, rounded at the apex, 3 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the margins denticulate-erose, the disc with a pair of low, verrucose calli near the

middle, the base broadly subtruncate, hinged with a short, narrow, slender claw to the tip of the column-

foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 2 mm long, the anther and stigma ven-

tral, the foot 1 mm lon

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Constanza: vicinity of Constanza, collected by D.D. Dod, cultivated by A.H.

Liogier 13508 (Holotype: NY), C. Luer illustr. 14805; El Convento, Dec. 1968, D. Dod 125 (NY).

This little species is characterized by a tuft of minutely denticulate-erose leaves

borne by much shorter ramicauls. The proportionately large, dark purple flower is

borne singly by a short peduncle. The deeply concave synsepal and the concave

dorsal sepal are adherent at the tips to form wide, lateral apertures, in a manner seen

in several other taxa, i.e. Cryptophoranthus Barb.Rodr., and Zootrophion Luer. The

lip is broadly ovate and coarsely verrucose and erose.

Illustration: Fig. 42, herein, C. Luer illustr. 14805.

GERARDOA

Gerardoa Luer, gen. no

Type: — mon ae Luer, Lindleyana 11: 83, 1996.

Ety.: Named for Gerardo Herrera Ch., indefatigable collector of Costa Rican orchids.

Habitus ee Folium longipetiolatum. Pedicelus abbreviatus. es lateralium semiconnata

infra medium concava. Ovarium undulatum. Labellum verrucosum apiculatum.

_ Gerardoa is a unispecific genus with the description of the species sufficing for

the genus.

Gerardoa montezumae (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis montezumae Luer, Lindleyana 11: nh 1996.

Ety.: Named for Cerro Montezuma where the species was discovered.

Syn.: Specklinia montezumae (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 cm long,

Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 9-15 cm long

m wide, cuneate below into the

Plant

enclosed by 2-3 loose, brown, tubular sheaths

including a slender petiole 3-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute, 2-3.2 c

petiole. Inflorescence a oS two-flowered raceme, the flowers 0.5 em apart, borne by a slender

m low on the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm pe pedicel lesan ng; ovary

sal sepal ovate, acute, ae

de, 5-veined, ne lateral ae connate 5 m

to above the middle into an elliptical-obovoid, bifid, gene synsepal, concave eo ike mid,

with a small mentum below the tip of the column-foot, convex above the middle, 1

wide together expanded, each 3-veined, the apices opine. apiculate; petals oblong, aes Sey

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 87

apiculate, 4 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with the distal

half verrucose and denticulate, obtuse, apiculate from beneath, the disc shallowly channeled between

converging calli above the middle, flattened below the middle, the base subtruncate, hinged beneath to

the column-foot; column semiterete, 3.5 mm long, with the apex denticulate, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral, the foot 2.5 mm long, concave toward the apex below a converging pair of calli.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Upala, Bijuagua, Finca Montezuma, ladera sur de Cerro Montezuma, alt. 600

m, 18 July 1993, G. Herrera 6280 (Holotype: K; Isotype: CR), C. Luer illustr. 17272

This unique species, rare and endemic in Costa Rica, is superficially similar to

Sarcinula fulgens (Rchb.f.) Luer, but differs in the elongated petiole of the large,

broadly elliptical leaf, and a very short peduncle that bears a successive and distant-

ly two-flowered raceme. The flowers of the two species are of similar orange color

and size, but in Gerardoa montezumae, the sepals are tall-carinate and apiculate; the

lateral sepals are semiconnate and concave below the middle; and the lip is verru-

cose and denticulate above the middle and without lateral lobes. Most curious is the

column-foot that is concave between a pair of calli as seen in some species of

Zootrophion Luer, and the ovary is undulate-crested as well.

In habit, size, and color of the flower, Gerardoa montezumae is also superfi-

cially similar to Sarcinula guanacastensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, which also

has a lobeless lip with a verrucose apical half. The floral parts of G. montezumae

differ similarly as from S. fulgens.

Illustration: Fig. 43, herein, C. Luer illustr. 17272.

INCAEA

Incaea Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis yupanki Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 203, 1984

Ety.: Named for the Inca who built the stone fortress where this species now lives.

Planta minuta repens. Folia late elliptici plani. Sepala glabra supra medium connata. Labellum

glabrum.

This is a unispecific genus from Bolivia characterized by a repent rhizome with

minute, broadly elliptical leaves and a solitary flower with glabrous, semiconnate

sepals, and a glabrous lip. The description of the species suffices for the genus.

Incaea Bes (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, comb. nov

Ety med an chief Inca Yupanki who built the stone buildings, now in ruins, upon which this

spe es gro

Bas.; Pleurothallis yupanki Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia 55: 203, 1984.

Syn.: Masdevallia hornii Koniger, Die Orchidee 42(4): 190, 1991.

Ety.: Named for Peter Horn of Greisling bei Miinchen, collector of the species.

ie ree yupanki (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 265,

- 200

Plant very small, lithophytic, repent, 2-3 cm long, appressed upon the substrate, the rhizome

comparatively stout, 1 mm thick, 0.5 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 1-2 deciduous, tubular

sheaths; roots 1-1.5 mm thick; ramicauls stout, ca. 0.5 mm long, enclosed by a deciduous, tubular sheath.

Leaf prostrate, thickly coriaceous, smooth, suffused with dark purple, broadly elliptical, 4-5 mm long,

-3 mm wide, 1-1.5 mm thick, the apex obtuse to rounded, minutely apiculate, the base cuneate into

the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a single, proportionately large flower followed at intervals by 1-2

others in a congested raceme, the peduncle 0.5 mm long from the base of the leaf; pedicel 1 mm long;

floral bract 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;sepals fleshy, dark purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

elliptical, obtuse, concave, 4 mm ae 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2.25 mm

to form a subspherical ies the lateral sepals connate to above the middle into an arcuate, concave, bifid

use, 2 mm long, 1. 35 mm wide. 1-veined; lip purple, oblong-trilobed, 2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the

se rounded, the lateral lobes erect, shortly triangular, below the middle, the base truncate, minutely

biauriculate, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, longitudinally winged above the middle, 1.5 mm

long, denticulate at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.75 mm lon

88 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: lithophytic on stone Inca ruins east of Samaipata, alt. 2500 m, Nov. 1982, R.

Vasquez & N. Williams s.n. (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8524; lithophytic on stony outcrops at

Ruinas El] Fuerte near Samaipata, alt. 1950 m, 29 Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer & W. Teague 16502 (MO);

same cite collected Mar. 1987, flowered in cultivation Feb. 1991 by P. Horn (holotype of M. hornii:

M; isotypes: K, LPB).

Superficially similar to Phloeophila Hoehne & Schltr., this minute, creeping

species has been known to grow on stones of the Inca ruins near Samaipata, Bolivia,

for many years. K6niger (1991) described it as a Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. It is

characterized by tiny, broadly elliptical, overlapping leaves appressed to mossy

stone, and a purple flower as large as the leaf. The glabrous sepals are connate near

the middle into a subcircular flower. The petals are oblong and obtuse, and the lip

is smooth and oblong with minute, acute, marginal angles just below the middle.

Illustration: Fig. 44, herein, C. Luer illustr. 8524.

LOMAX

Lomax Luer, gen.

Type: ae oaas Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24: 385, 1866, not Pleurothallis

punctulata Rolfe, 1888.

Ety.: The name Lomax is without meaning, in allusion to the unknown relationship to other species.

Racemus multiflorus folio brevicaule multilongior. Sepala carnosa in tubum non constrictum semi-

connata.

The single species of this genus was described by Reichenbach (1866) in Physo-

siphon Lindl., because of the semiconnate sepals.

— punctulata (Rchb.f) Luer, comb. n

: Physosiphon punctulatus Rchb.f., Bot. ae (Berlin) 24: 385, 1866, not Pleurothallis

ae Rolfe, 1

Ety.: From the Latin punctulatus, “‘spotted,”’ referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Physosiphon minor Rendle, J. Bot. 38: 275, 1900 [=Lomax a (Rehb. f) Lue

Ety.: From the Latin minor (minor, the comparative of parvus), “‘smaller,”’ referring to “ size of

the flower in relation to that of Physosiphon guatemalensis Rolfe a Physosiphon tubatus (Lodd.)

Rchb.f. 1861].

Syn.: Physosiphon cooperi Ames, Sched. Orch. 1: 2, 1922 [=Lomax punctulata (Rchb.f) Luer].

Ety.: Named for the collector, Juan J. Cooper

Syn.: EE minor (Rendle) LO. Williams, Ceiba 1: 186, 1950 [=Lomax punctulata (Rchb.f)

Syn.: Stelis punctulata (Rchb.f.) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6, t. 690, 2003.

Syn.: Specklinia minor (Rendle) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 5-15 mm long, enclosed by

2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, petiolate, 20-30 mm long

including a petiole 3-5 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a subse-

mm long; sepals yellow, suffused with purple below the middle, fleshy, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ellipti-

cal, obtuse, concave, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form

a short, cylindrical tube, the lateral sepals oblong-ovate, shallowly concave, obtuse, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 2-veined, connate basally for 1 mm; petals fleshy, purple, elliptical, subacute, 1.25 mm long, 0.6

mm wide, minutely verrucose externally; lip purple, fleshy, oblong, subtrilobed, 2 mm long, 0.8 mm

wide, the apex thick, obtuse, verrucose, the margins broadly rounded and erect on the middle third, the

base truncate, hinged on the end to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above the middle, 1.75-

1.6 mm long, with the apex bidentate, the anther and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 345 (W). Sine loc., cultivated by M.W. Barbey at Cham-

José: near San Isidro, alt. 2000-2500 m, collected by W. Weingarten, cultivated 28 Apr. 1977, A.S.W.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 89

Chantry s.n. (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 1608. Sine loc., cultivated at Glasnevin, Oct. 1901, by Moore s.n.

(K). Sine loc., collected 12 Mar. 1934, flowered in cultivation at K, 401-1935, received from C.H.

Lankester s.n. (K).

GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: northwest of Cuilco, Cerro Chiquihui above Carrizal, J.A. Steyermark

50803 (AMES).

Erroneously presumed to be from ‘‘Neu Granada,”’ sine loc., cultivated in Wandsworth, West Hill, Oct.

1865, by S. Riicker s.n. (holotype of Physosiphon punctulatus: W).

This species, without close relatives, is uncommon in Central America. Lomax

punctulata is distinguished by a small habit; thick, petiolate, short-stemmed leaves;

and a simultaneously and successively flowered raceme that far exceeds the leaves.

The small, fleshy, yellow and purplish mottled or spotted sepals are connate half

their length into a broad, non-constricted tube with the thick, free portions not

widely spread. The petals are short and elliptic, and the lip is thick and oblong with

a verrucose apex.

Illustration: Fig. 45, herein, C. Luer illustr. 1608.

LUERANTHOS

Lueranthos Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J. pee 8 2001.

Type: Pleurothallis ae Mer Luer, na cabed 404, 1

Ety.: Named for C. Luer who described the spec

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Aenigma sect. sanueeiah Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 20: 26, 1986.

Type: Pleurothallis vestigipetala Luer, Selbyana 3: 404, 1977.

This is a genus with a single species characterized by a creeping habit, free

sepals, microscopic petals, and a simple lip wrapped around a cylindrical column.

Lueranthos vestigipetalus (Luer) Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J. 46(2): 117, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis vestigipetala Luer, Selbyana 3: 404, 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin vestigipetalus, ‘‘with vestigial petals,” referring to the nearly non-existent petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, 10-20 cm long, the rhizomes stout. branching, ca. 5 mm lon

between ramicauls, roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, 3-5 mm long, enclosed by 1-2 tubular sheaths.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 10-25 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, narrowed below into the

subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, successively few-flowered raceme 1-5 cm a

borne by a filiform peduncle from a node on the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-4 m

long; ovary 1-3 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, slightly ia ae

acute, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals similar, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals minute, ovate, ciliate, obtuse, 0.6 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, without visible vein; lip ee

yellow, elliptical with the sides recurved about the column, subacute, 2.75-3 mm lon i

expanded, cellular pubescent externally, glabrous within, the base cuneate, attached to the base 2 of ie

column; column semiterete, 3-4 mm long, footless, the anther and stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Azuay: in trees along the stream from Lago Zaragucho, west of Cuenca, alt. 3000 m, 2

Mar. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1496 (Holotype: SEL). Morona-Santiago: between Guamote

and Macas, alt. 3000 m, 14 Oct. 2004, A. Hirtz et al. 9091 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Loja-Zamora

road, alt. 2700 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 10730 (MO). Carchi: east of Gruta La Paz,

alt. 3200 m, 13 Sept. 2004, A. Hirtz, W. & J. Coeck 9009 (MO)

This species is widely distributed in Ecuador at high altitudes as it climbs in

shrubby vegetation, often forming tangled masses. The rhizomes are stout and

branching, bearing small, elliptical leaves. The racemes are loosely flexuous and

usually surpassing the leaves. The three sepals spread widely to expose the erect,

tubular column clasped by the thin lip. The minute, barely to be seen, vestigial

petals cling to the sides of the base. Cleistogamous clones rare commonly forming

fruit are not rare.

Illustration: Icones-III: 28, 1986, Plate 9, C. Luer illustr. 10730.

90 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

MADISONIA

Madisonia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258, 2004.

Type: Pleurothallis kerrii Braga, Bradea 3: 172, 1981 [=Madisonia kerrii (Braga) Luer].

Ety.: Named in honor of Michael Madison, co-collector of the only species.

This unispecific genus is distinguished by a creeping rhizome; abbreviated

ramicauls; an elongated peduncle; a deep-chinned, single flower; and a saccate

attachment of the lip to the column-foot.

Madisonia kerrii (Braga) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258,

200

Bas.: Pleurothallis kerrii Braga, Bradea 3: 172, 1981 [=Madisonia ee eee Luer].

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Warwick E. Kerr, former director of I.N.P.

lant very small, epiphytic, long-repent, 20-30 cm long, the rhizomes 4-10 mm long Saat

ramicauls, in 3 segments, each with a tubular, ribbed, ciliate sheath; roots slender. Ramicauls up to

mm long, enclosed by 1 tubular, ribbed, — sheath. Leaf prone, thickly coriaceous, ee se lip

to subcircular, obtuse, 4-5 mm long, an wide, contracted cee into the sessile Inflor

a loose, successively few-flowered raceme ca. 5 mm long, borne by an erect, filiform peduncle 2. °- 2 cm

long, from the apex of the ra ae floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 m

see sepa purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal clipe -ovate, obtuse, ae seca 3.3 mm long, 13

e, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate 1 mm a bifid lamina 3.3 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, each

3. cae the apices obtuse, the bases connate to ie Cae foot 1 mm to see a deep, acute mentum;

petals purple, linear-elliptical, acute, 3.3 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, ovate-trilobed,

2.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across the basal lobes, the apical lobe oblong, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, the later-

hinge; column semiterete, 1.6 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot slender, 1.6

mm long.

BRAZIL: Amazonas: epiphytic in humid forest, y oe tributary of Rio Negro, near Tapuruquara

Mirim, alt. 100 m, 16 Oct. 1978, M. Madison, P..S. Braga & H. Kennedy (PFE 366) (Holotype: INPA).

PERU: Loreto: Maynas, Iquitos, between Quisto Cocha and Varillal, alt. 150 m, 10 July 1984, S.M.

Rimachi 7572 (IBE, MO); same area, alt. 130 m, 24 July 1984, S. McDaniel & M. Rimachi 27837 (MO),

C. Luer illustr. 17019.

VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Guainia, between Maroa and Boca Chico, G.A. Romero, L.M. Campbell &

C. Gémez 3190 (VEN); Atures, Salto Yureba, lower Vemtauri basin, R. Liesner 18769-A (MO, VEN);

Rio Negro, vicinity of San Carlos de Rio Negro, G. Carnevali, R. Liesner & G. Santana 2599 (VEN).

This tiny species is widely distributed in the Amazonian basin. The rhizome is

long-repent with ciliate sheaths, and prostrate, sessile, subcircular leaves. The one-

millimeter-long ramicauls are enclosed with only one ciliated sheath. An elongated

peduncle bears a successively few-flowered raceme. The lateral sepals form a

deep, acute mentum with the column-foot. The lip is trilobed with the base de-

curved into the mentum where it is continuous with the foot without being hinged.

Illustration: Fig. 46, herein, C. Luer illustr. 17019.

MASDEVALLIANTHA

i seer (Luer) Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J. 46(2): 117, 2001.

e: Pleurothallis masdevalliopsis Luer, Phytologia 44: 170, 1979 [=Masdevalliantha masdeval-

oe (Luer) Szlach. & Mar

Ety.: Named for the superficial aniilanty of the flowering plant to a species of Masdevallia.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Masdevalliantha Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 44,

1986.

This genus of two species is characterized by long-caudate sepals, broadly

obtuse petals, and a short column with an apical anther and stigma, and with an

elongated tip of the column-foot that protrudes into a cavity at the base of the lip.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 91

Masdevalliantha longiserpens (C.Schweinf.) Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J.

46(2): 117, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis longiserpens C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 183, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin longiserpens, ‘‘long-creeping,”’ referring to the habit.

lant small to medium in size, epiphytic, shortly but densely repent, the rhizomes 2-5 mm long

between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, ascending-erect, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, subpetiolate, 4-8 cm long,

.8 cm wide, narrowed below into an ill-defined petiole ca. 5 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower,

sometimes followed by a second, borne by a slender peduncle 20-25 mm long, from the ramicaul below

the apex; floral bract 3 mm long; pedicel 13-15 mm long; ovary 5 mm long, thickly carinate. sepals

translucent greenish, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical, concave, the blade 12 mm long, 6 mm

wide, 3-veined, the apex subacute, contracted into a slender tail 6-10 mm long, the lateral sepals narrow-

ly ovate, acuminate into slender tails, 20 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 1 mm, each 2-veined; petals

translucent, broadly obovate, unguiculate, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly rounded,

with minutely irregular margins; lip subovate, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, the apex rounded, verrucose,

loosely and sparsely fringed, the sides below the middle erect and rounded, the disc with a midline cleft,

the base deeply concave to accommodate a thick, finger-like projection from the tip of the column-foot,

attached to the base of the process; column stout, 2 mm long, the anther and stigma apical, the column-

foot with extension 1.5 mm long.

PERU: el haiete een lithophytic, alt. 3100-3200 m, 1-10 Feb. 1926, A. Weberbauer 7510 (Holo-

type: AMES; Isotypes: F, US, W). Sine loc., cultivated in Howell, MI, by Lynn O’Shaughnessy 01755

(MO), C. Luer illustr. 20420.

This species is vegetatively similar to the long-climbing species of Xenosia, but

differs from them by a long-fimbriate lip that 1s concave at the base to accom-

modate a free extension of the tip of the column-foot.

Illustration: Fig. 47, herein, C. Luer illustr. 20420.

Masdevalliantha masdevalliopsis (Luer) Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J. 46(2):

117, 2001.

Bas.: Pleurothallis masdevalliopsis Luer, Phytologia 44: 170, 1

Ety.: Named for the superficial similarity of the flowering plant d a . species of Masdevallia.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 0.5-1 cm long, ae ed by

2 tubular ‘yak Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical-linear, narrowly obtus Sb e, 3-5 cm

long, 0.4-0.5 cm wide, narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary oo borne

by a slender sedbaele 15-20 mm long, from the ramicaul below the apex; floral bract 5 mm long; pedicel

18-20 mm long; ovary 4 mm long with tall, undulating lamellae; sepals translucent greenish white,

glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, ca. 15 ng, 8 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex acute,

acuminate into a van tail ca. 20 mm long, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, acuminate into slender

tails, 38 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate 4 mm, each spc ed; petals translucent yellowish white, subor-

bicular-ovate, shortly iene nie 6.5 mm fone, 4.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow-green, acutely de-

flexed at the middle into an apical blade, and a more or nee oblong claw, the lip 5 mm long, 1.75 mm

wide, the blade obovoid, verrucose, loosely and sparsely fringed, with the apex rounded, the margins

below the middle erect, lobe-like, with a pair of flat calli and cleft between, the claw deeply concave to

accommodate a finger-like projection from the tip of the column-foot, attached near the middle of the

extension; column white, stout, 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical, pollinia 2, long-caudate with

one viscidium, the extension of the foot 2 mm long.

ECUADOR: Loja: Cordillera de Sabanilla, alt. ca. 2500 m, collected and cultivated by B. Malo at Tar-

qui, flowered in cultivation 12 Feb. 1979, C. Luer 3965 (Holotype: SEL).

Superficially, this species appears deceptively similar to a small species of

Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. A single, relatively large, long-tailed flower is borne on a

peduncle about as long as the narrow, clumped leaves from which it springs. The

petals are membranous without a callus. The base of the lip is deeply concave to

accommodate a finger-like extension of the tip of the column-foot.

Illustration: Icones-III: 46, 1986, Plate 20, C. Luer illustr. 3965.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 42

. Dondodia erosa

Fig. 43. Gerardoa montezumae

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 93

2mm 2mm

a i Oey

Fig. 44. Incaea yupanki

Fig. 46. Madisonia kerrii Fig. 47. Masdevalliantha longiserpens

94 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

MUSCARELLA

Muscarella (Luer) Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis aristata Hook., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1(2): 329, 1839.

Ety.: Sectional name from the Latin muscarius, “‘lots of flies,’ ' referring to the appearance of the

racemes.

Racemi plerumque laxi. Sepala plerumque caudata. Petala denticulata fimbriataque

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Specklinia sect. Muscariae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

Z , 1986.

Plants small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect to ascend-

ing, much shorter than the leaf, never Sea ng, with 1-3, imbricating, tubular sheaths below the

middle and about the base. Leaf erect to suberect coriaceous, narrowly elliptical or narrowly obovate, to

elliptical, acute to obtuse, narrowed below toa subsessile or petiolate base. Inflorescence racemose,

the ramicaul with an annulus; floral bracts tubular to infundibular; pedicels short to elongate; ovary tri-

carpellate, terete; sepals glabrous, ciliate, spiculate or pubescent, acute to acuminate, usually long-

caudate, free from the base, or the laterals free from about the middle of the blade, with the apices di-

verging, 3-veined; petals membranous, elliptical, denticulate, serrate or fringed, acute to acuminate,

usually caudate, SOlletnes eleva |- vemee uP entire to trilobed, ciliate, denticulate or fringed, the

disc extremely variable, featureless to chan between calli, the base more or less truncate, sometimes

with a minute lobule at the corners, usually delicately hinged to the column-foot; column elongate,

semiterete, with the margins narrowly winged if at all, the apex entire to denticulate, the anther ventral,

deciduous, = rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot often with apical, pedestal-like calli, the pollinia 2,

ovoid, fre

Ssisieuuls treated in Pleurothallis R.Br., about 48 of these little species are

found from Mexico through Central America and the Andes to Bolivia, and a few

are known from the Antilles. Some tiny Antillean species with shortly fringed

petals, i.e. Muscarella delicatula (Lindl.) Luer and M. longilabris (Lindl.) Luer may

have closer relationship to Specklinia Lindl.

This genus is distinguished from Specklinia Lindl. and other vegetatively similar

genera by a usually loose raceme with delicate flowers, with long-tailed sepals, and

petals denticulate, fringed, or fimbriate. The raceme of Muscarella marginata

(Rich.) Luer is congested, resembling a fascicle of pedicels. The lip of Muscarella

is thick with variations of calli or cilia, and with a truncate base that is minutely

lobulate at the corners, if at all. The column is slender and narrowly winged. In-

stead of calli, the column-foot is usually more or less concave to accommodate the

lip, and the tip is often pedestal-like.

Species attributed to Muscarella

Muscarella ancora (Luer & Vasquez) Luer Fig. 48.

Muscarella aristata (Hook.) Luer Fig. 49.

Muscarella catoxys (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 50.

Muscarella cestrochila (Garay) Luer Fig. 51.

Muscarella claviculata (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Pig. 52.

Muscarella clavigera (Luer) Luer Fig. 53.

Muscarella coeloglossa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 54.

Muscarella corynetes (Luer & Vasquez) Luer Fig. 55.

Muscarella cynocephala (Luer) Luer Fig. 56.

Muscarella delicatula (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 57.

Muscarella echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 58.

Muscarella exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Luer Fig. 59.

Muscarella fimbriata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 60.

Muscarella fuchsii (Luer) Luer Fig. 61.

Muscarella furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 62.

Muscarella gongylodes (Luer) Luer Fig. 63.

Muscarella helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Luer Fig. 64.

Muscarella herpestes (Luer) Luer Figy 6).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 95

Muscarella ichthyonekys (Luer) Luer Fig. 66.

Muscarella infinita (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 67.

Muscarella intonsa (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 68.

Muscarella kennedyi (Luer) Luer | Fig. 69.

Muscarella latilabris (Foldats) Luer Fig. 70.

Muscarella lipothrix (Luer) Luer Fig. 71.

Muscarella llamachoi (Luer) Luer Fig. 72.

Muscarella longilabris (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 73.

Muscarella macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 74.

Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer Fig. 73.

Muscarella megalops (Luer) Luer Fig. 70,

Muscarella oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 77.

Muscarella perangusta (Luer) Luer Fig. 78.

Muscarella quinquiseta (Ames) Luer Fig. 79.

Muscarella rojohnii Luer Fig. 80.

Muscarella samacensis (Ames) Luer Fig. 81.

Muscarella schudelii (Luer) Luer Fig. 82.

Muscarella semperflorens (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 83.

Muscarella sibatensis (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer Fig. 84.

Muscarella strumosa (Ames) Luer Fig. 85.

Muscarella stumpflei (Luer) Luer Figs. 86a, 86b.

Muscarella tamboénsis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 87.

Muscarella tempestalis (Luer) Luer Fig. 88.

Muscarella trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 89.

Muscarella tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 90.

Muscarella villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 91.

Muscarella werneri Luer Fig. 92.

Muscarella xanthella (Luer) Luer Fig. 93.

Muscarella xyloura Luer & Hirtz Fig. 94.

Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer Figs. 95a, 95b, 95c.

Muscarella ancora (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis ancora muler & R. Vasquez, Phytologia 46: 357, ae

Ety.: From the Latin ancora, ‘“‘an anchor,” referring to the shape of the lip.

oe : haste ancora (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

mall, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-8 mm long, enclosed by

2 thin, ae sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacu te to obtuse, 10-35 mm long

including the a slender petiole 8-18 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole.

foot; column terete, 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick, less than 0.5 mm

ong.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: epiphytic in cloud forest along the road to Tablas, alt. 2300 m, 9 Feb. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5172 (Holotype: SEL); same collection data, C. Luer 5168 (SEL).

This species is apparently endemic in central Bolivia in the narrow band of wet

forest between the cold Alto Plano and the hot lowlands. Vegetatively, it 1s indis-

tinguishable from the other species of the genus. The sepals are long-caudate; the

petals are deeply lacerate with a long-setiform apex. The lip 1s trilobed with the

black apex convex and long-ciliate, and a pair of large, uncinate lobes above the

base. The disc is deeply cleft centrally with the cavity pubescent.

96 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

bien aristata (Hook.) Luer, comb. no

Bas: Pleurothallis aristata Hook., Ann. Ma ag. Nat. Hist 1(2)5 329.1839,

Ety.: From the Latin aristatus, “‘bristle-like,”’ referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis barberiana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s.16: 6, 1881.

Ety.: Named for Mr. J. Barber of Upper Clapton, England, in whose collection this species flowered.

n.: Pleurothallis urbaniana Rchb.f., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 3: 297, 1885

ty.: Named for I. Urban, editor of Symbolae Antillanae

Syn.: Humboladtia aristata (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia barberiana (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis dichotoma Ames, Sched. Orch. 6: 58, 1923, not (Poepp. & Endl. ! pon 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin (Greek) dichotomus, “divided in pairs,”’ falsely alluding to the

Syn.: Pleurothallis divexa Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 20, 1924, replaced name for P. dichotoma Ames,

1923

Ety.: From the Latin divexus, ‘“‘torn asunder,” alluding to the misnomer dichotoma.

Syn.: ee aristata oe ) cee & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, i lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-8 mm long, enclosed by

2 thin, ee shea ths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 10-35 mm long

including the a slender petiole 8-10 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole.

cm long including the filiform peduncle 4-5 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5

m long; pedicel slender, 12 mm long below to 4 mm long above; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals translu-

cent, suffused and veined in purple, glabrous, Silage ovate in the basal half, the apex acute, long-at-

tenuate, the dorsal sepal 7-10 mm long, 1.25-3 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 6.5-9.5 mm long,

1.25-1.5 mm wide, connate 1-1.5 mm; petals ice: elliptical-ovate, ciliate-lacerate, the apex acute,

3-4 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide; lip yellow, dark purple toward the apex, oblong, obscurely trilobed, the

apex convex, papillose, 2.5-3.25 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, with the margins revolute and meeting be-

neath, with a longitudinal fin-like callus beneath below the middle, the disc below the middle with the

margins erect, broadly obtuse, with a pair of low calli within the marginal angles and coursing forward to

the middle, with a shiny, oval patch in the center, the base truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the

column-foot; column terete, 2 mm long, variously dentate at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot thick, 0.5 mm long, dark purple, long

Representative collections:

GUYANA: Demerara, Parker s.n. (Holotype: K); sine loc., 1898, E.F im Thurn 145 (K); Bartica-Potaro

road, 17 Aug. 1937, N. Y. Sndwith 1103 (K); Upper Mazaruni District, Saydak Creek, adjacent to Eboro-

pu Mountain, alt. 470 m, 12 Apr. 1979, PJ. Edwards 1267 (K).

SURINAME: ee collected by R. Determann, 18 Apr. 1981, flowered in cultivation 14 Feb.

1982, C. Luer 6830 (SEL

FRENCH GUIANA: Montagne de Kaw, alt. 300 m, 12 May 1986, C. Luer & J. Luer rd (K, MO);

Barrage de Petit Saut, Bassin du Sinnmary, alt. 50 m, 21 June 1994, G. Cremers 13320 (CA

VENEZUELA: Miranda: Parqué Nacional de Guatopo, File Chivato Negro, alt. 610- io m, 29 Nov.

1961, J.A. Steyermark 90162 (AMES, VEN

PUERTO RICO: near Maricao, from Indiera Fria, 3 Dec. 1884, P. Sintenis 503 (holotype of P. urbania-

na: W; Isotype: US); near Adjuntas, Monte Guaraguo, 13 May 1886, P. Sintenis 4365 (AMES, BR, K);

near Utucido at Boncador, 16 Mar. 1887, P. Sintenis 6527 (BR, C, NY, US, W). Mount Morales, near

Utuado, 19 Mar. 1906, E.G. Britton & D. Marble 1229 (NY).

io Massif du Nord, Morne Colombeau, alt. 900 m, 20 June 1925, E.L. Ekman 4357 (AMES, K, S,

US).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Peninsula de Pamana, Laguna at Los Banaderos, alt. 500 m, 28

May 1930, E.L. Ekman 15140 (AMES, S). Puerto Plata, Loma del Puerto, alt. 750 m, 18 Sept. 1969, A. A.

Liogier 15923 (AM

GUADELOUPE: Bok de Pigeon, alt. 500-1000 m, 1893, P. Duss 3341 (MO, NY, US); Trois Rivieres,

alt. 400 m, i Sept. 1936, H. Stehlé 1244 (NY); Dugommier, alt. 800 m, 5 Dec. 1936, H. Stehlé 1295

(AMES, N

eae environs des Deux Choux, 1880, P. Duss 3956 (NY); Bois des Deux, Choux a Carbet,

alt. 800 m, 5 Sept. 1937, H. Stehlé 2206 (NY).

DOMINICA: sine loc., Henslow s.n. (K); sine loc., 1 Mar. 1880, Eggers 90 (C, K); alt. 700 m, Jan. 1882,

Eggers 99-6 (W); sine loc., Dr. Imray s.n. (K); sine loc., 25 Apr. 1888, G.A. Ramage s.n. (K); Laudat,

1903, F-E. Lloyd 57 (AMES,

ST. LUCIA: Savanna Edmund Disttiet, southeast of Piton Troumassée, alt. 1,800-2,000 ft., 21 Nov.

1960, G.R. Proctor 21590 (AMES, BM)

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 97

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 58 (W); Cartago: Peralta, alt. 1,200 ft., 13 July 1923, CH.

Lankester 464 (holotype of P. dichotoma: AMES). Sine loc., ca. 1869, A. Endres 58 (548) (W).

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Nanegal, Jameson s.n. (W); Angui, western slope near Quito, alt. 1000 m, 29

Nov. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 355 (W). Napo: Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Mar. 1991, A.

irtz & S. Ortega 5365 (MO). Pastaza: south of Puyo toward Macas, alt. 950 m, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 19555 (MOQ). Sandra ig Cord. del Cutuct, between Morona and Mendez, alt. 950 m, 17

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 13954 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and

Zamora, alt. 1400 m, collected ne E Fuchs, flowered in cultivation 1974, C. Luer 122 (SEL); Cord. del

Condor, Paquisha, alt. 950 m, 11 Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer, & H. Wanntorp 1888 (MO).

PERU: Huanuco: Tingo Maria, collected by Janet Kuhn Feb. 1975, flowered in cultivation 1977, C.

Luer 2899 (SEL); near Tingo Maria, 1998, cultivated at Venhuizen, A.P. Sijm 210311 (MO).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja, above Tipuani, alt. 1150 m, 29 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer et al. 15376

MO); Nor Yungas, Bella Vista, collected Aug. 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito, May 1992, A.

Hirtz 5798 ae Cochabamba: road to Villa Tunari, flowered in cultivation 21 May 1979, C. Luer

4065A (SE

Sine loc., oe by H. Low, flowered May 1881, J. Barber, s.n. (holotype of P. barberiana: W),.

This species is relatively frequent in its wide distribution through Central

America, the Antilles, and the Andes. Vegetatively not remarkable, it is distin-

guished from all the others by the loose, flexuous raceme of successive flowers with

long-tailed sepals; fringed petals with the apex merely acute, not acuminate; and a

distinctive lip with a dark purple, convex, papillose apex, and a well-defined, oval,

shiny structure in the center of the disc.

Muscarella catoxys (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas: Pleurothallis catoxys Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyan a 11: 151, 1996.

Ety.: From the Greek katoxys, “sharply pointed,”’ referring to all six floral parts.

Syn.: Specklinia catoxys (Luer & Hirtz), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, it ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 mm long, enclosed by

2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-20 mm long

including the petiole 5-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflores-

cence an erect, loose, flexible, flexuous, success ively several-flowered raceme, up to 6 cm long includ-

ing the filiform peduncle 2-4 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel

slender, 5-7 mm long; ovary, 0.75-1 mm long; sepals translucent rose, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal

sepal narrowly ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 8 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the lateral sepals narrowly

ovate, oblique, acute, long-attenuate, 10 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 0.5 mm; petals translucent

rose, ovate in the basal fourth, lacerate, acute, long-acuminate, 8 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; lip purple,

obovate-subpandurate, 5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, minutely denticulate, the apex acute, long-acuminate,

the base with a pair of small, erect, rounded lobes, the disc with a shallow, elliptical cavity below the

middle, pubescent within, between a low pair of calli extending forward from the basal lobes, and anoth-

er cavity above the base, the base hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.75 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long, concave between a pair of small, rounded calli.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in cloud forest along Rio Zufiag, alt. 2,400 m, 23-28 Feb. 1990, A. Hirtz

et al. 4635 (Holotype: MO).

This species is known from only one collection from eastcentral Ecuador. It is

distinguished by the small habit with loose racemes of flowers with long-tailed

sepals and petals. The apex of the minutely denticulate lip is long-acuminate.

Muscarella cestrochila (Garay) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis cestrochila Garay, Orquideologia 8: 9

Ety.: From the Greek Kestrochilos, ‘‘a hammer-like lip,” referring to the shape of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia cestrochila (Garay) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, petiolate, subacute to obtuse, 10-20 mm long

including the petiole 4-5 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, flexible, flexuous, loose, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 6 cm long including the fili-

form peduncle 2-3 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5 mm long; pedicel slender,

3-4 mm long; ovary, 1.75 mm long; sepals translucent red-purple, carinate, with the ribs and margins

sparsely denticulate, the apices acute with long-acuminate tails, sometimes thickened toward the tip, the

98 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

dorsal sepal Sa triangular, 7-10 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the lateral o ovate below the middle,

oblique, 6-10 m , 1.8 mm wide, connate 0.5 mm; petals translucent rose, narrowly ovate in the

basal fourth, eae ciliate lace, acute, long-acuminate, 5-6 mm long, 0. wide exclusive of the

fringe; lip purple-black to orange, — vate-subpandurate, 3.5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, the apex broadly

rounded, cellular- sapillese, with minutely denticulate margins, with an erect pair of small, marginal,

falcate lobes on the lower eae the ie with a pair of spapees see calli from the marginal lobes

to the middle, the apex rounded, the base narrow, truncate, utely bilobulate, hinged to the column-

foot; column slender, ee 2 mm long, the anther, Sale and stigma ventral, the foot concave

between a pair of triangular calli.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: El Retiro, road to Las Palmas, alt. 2500 m, without date, collected by Gustavo

Wills, R. Escobar 715 (Holotype: AMES); same pe collected by: J. Lopez, flowered 1 in cultivation at

Colomborquideas, 29 Dec. 1992, R. Escobar5136(M alt

1800 m, 1 Nov. 1979, C. Luer. J. Luer & A. Hirtz ee

ECUADOR: Carchi: east of pass east of Maldonado, alt. nae m, 17 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del

Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15148 (MQ); at pass above Maldonado, alt. 2450 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. & P. Jesup 16035 (MO); above Maldonado, alt. 2600 m, 23 Nov. 1999, A. Hirtz et al. 7152 (MO).

Sucumbios: between La Bonita and Rosa Florida, alt. ca. 2000 m, 14 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrém, S. Ingram

& K. Ferrell-Ingram 2135 (MO). Napo: between Cotundo and Coca, alt. 1300 m, 1 Nov. 1999, A. Hirtz

& X. Hirtz 7099 (MO)

This species is widely distributed in the western and the central cordilleras of

Colombia and Ecuador. It is characterized by the small habit; a loose raceme

of successive flowers; sepals with long tails that may or may not be thickened

toward the tips; petals long-fimbriate on the lower third with the distal third a

filamentous tail; and a lip, purple-black to orange, with a rounded apex and a pair of

small, erect, hook-like lobes below the middle.

hats claviculata (Luer & Hirtz), Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis claviculata Luer & Hirtz, Lindieyana Lic i ae

By; a the Latin claviculatus, “‘with small clubs,” referring to the sepals and petals.

Syn.: Specklinia claviculata (Luer & Hirtz), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, it ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed by

2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obt tuse, 2-3 cm long including the

petiole 0.6-1 cm long, 0.5-0.6 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into ie petiole. chon cence an

ao}

aol

pend

a &

ovate, oblique, bicarinate, acute, long-attenuate with the tip clavate, 17 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 1

mm; petals pala yellow with a purple midvei

mm long, | mm wide, the margins above the base long- -fimbri ate; ‘lip purple-black, oblong-pandurate, 5

mm long, 3 mm wide, the anterior portion suborbicular, cellular-papillose, the sides above the base with

erect, low, rounded lobes, the disc with a thick pair of calli extending forward from the basal lobes, with

a finlike callus on the undersurface below the middle, the base membranous with a microscopic pair of

lobules, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 3.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral,

the foot 1 mm long, concave between a pair of subacute calli.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in cloud forest along Rio Zufiag, alt. 2,400 m, 23-28 Feb. 1990, A. Hirtz

et al. 4635 (Holotype: MO); Rio Zufiag, alt. 2200 m, collection of E. Sanchez, Aug. 1990, A. Hrtz 5085

(MO).

This species from eastcentral Ecuador, is distinguished from the other members

of the genus by the small, oblanceolate leaves; a twice longer, flexuous, successively

flowered raceme; long-caudate sepals thickened at the tips of the filamentous tails;

long-fimbriate petals with a filamentous, clavate apex similar to the sepals; and a

purple-black, pyriform, subpandurate lip with a rounded apex and obtuse angles

below the middle.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 99

Muscarella clavigera (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis clavigera Luer, Selbyana 3: 268, 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin claviger, ‘“‘club bearing,” referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Specklinia clavigera (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 20-35 mm long including

the petiole 5 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a fascicle

of successive flowers borne by an erect, filamentous peduncle, 30-40 mm long, borne laterally from the

ramicaul; floral bract 2-3 mm long; pedicels slender, 4-8 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals translucent

: mm

long, 2 mm wide, | lateral sepals oblong below the middle, acute, contracted into a slender tail clavate

at the tip, 8-9.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals translucent yellow, narrowly ovate, acute,

sparsely ciliate, me mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip light green, spotted with purple, obovate, thick, 3-4

m long, 2 mm wide, the apex convex, broadly rounded, long-ciliate, the sides above the base with

erect, obtuse lobules, the disc with an oval, shiny patch, between a thick pair of calli extending forward

from the basal lobes, with a finlike callus on the undersurface below the middle, the base concave above

the base, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column- ee column semiterete, 2 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long, bulbou

ECUADOR: sine loc., purchased by Roberto Estrada from a collector, flowered in cultivation in Guaya-

quil, 24 Feb. 1977, C. Luer 1468 (Holotype: SEL). Morona-Santiago: Rio Calagras, collected by C.

Luer et al., flowered in cultivation 21 Mar. 1981, C. Luer 5890 (SEL)

This species is probably endemic on the eastern slopes of the Andes of southern

Ecuador. It is distinguished from the other members of the genus by the small

oblanceolate leaves; a fascicle of successive flowers borne near the tips of the

leaves; sepals with caudate-clavate apices; short, acute, sparsely ciliate petals; and a

thick lip with a convex, rounded, ciliate apex, and small, basal lobes. An oval,

shiny patch below the middle is similar to that of Muscarella aristata (Hook.) Luer.

Muscarella coeloglossa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis coeloglossa Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana Ld i 1996.

Ety.: From the Greek coeloglossa, ‘‘a hollow tongue,”’ referring to the cavity of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia coeloglossa (Luer & Hirtz), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 5-10 mm long including a

petiole 1-2 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the base. Inflorescence an erect, loose, succes-

sively several-flowered raceme, up to 4 cm long including the filiform peduncle 1-1.5 cm long, borne

laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel slender, 1-2 mm long; ovary, 0.75 mm long;

sepals translucent yellow, carinate with the carinae minutely erose, thickened at the apices, the dorsal

sepal elliptical, acute, 3.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, acute,

3.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, essentially free; petals translucent yellow, glabrous, Sinica.

obovate, acute, apiculate, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the margins shortly lacerate; lip red-purple, trilobed,

2.25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 2 mm wide expanded, the anterior lobe obovate, cellular-glandular, the

apex rounded, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, broadly rounded, the disc with an ovate ostium

near the center that leads into a comparatively large cavity, the base with a smaller, midline cavity, and

with a minute pair of slender lobules, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther

and rostellum subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long, concave.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: a in cloud forest north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1,700 m, 17 Feb.

1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11880 (Holotype: MO); Cordillera del Condor,

epiphytic in forest east of Guismé, alt. 1.750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta

& W. Teague 13548 (MO); forest north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1900 m, 7 Mar. 1992, S. ec om 1626

a Rio Paute near Guarumales, alt. 2000 m, 20 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz & E. Sanchez 7010 (M

RU: Junin: east of La Merced, Chanchamayo, alt. 1400 m, collected July 2000 by P. oe Seg C;

ae 19414 (MO).

100 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, closely related to Muscarella exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.

Hawkes) Luer, occurs sympatrically in southeastern Ecuador, and in disjunct sta-

tions in Nicaragua and Venezuela, but M. coeloglossa is known from the mountains

of southeastern Ecuador and Peru. From M. exesilabia, it is distinguished by the

large, rounded basal lobes of the lip and the glabrous apical lobe. In both species an

opening on the disc leads to a deep cavity, and also in both species a smaller cavity

is present at the base. The two holes appear to communicate, but they do not.

Muscarella corynetes (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis corynetes Luer & R.Vasquez, Phytologia 46: 363, 1

Ety.: From the Greek korynetes, ‘‘a mace or a club bearer,”’ referring to the clubbed apex of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia corynetes (Luer & R.Vasquez) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, petiolate, acute to subacute, 15-27 mm long

including the petiole 3-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, flexible, flexuous, loose, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 8 or more cm long including

the filiform peduncle 2-3 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel

slender, 2-4 mm long; ovary, 1.5 mm long; sepals translucent light yellow with purple spots, carinate,

narrowly ovate, acute, long-acuminate, the tails slightly thickened toward the tip, the dorsal sepal 16 mm

long, 2 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 16 mm long, 2 mm wide, ae 0.5 mm; petals sa

cent, flecked with rose, ovate in lower third, long-ciliate, acute, long-attenuate, 7 mm long, 2 mm w

exclusive of the cilia; lip yellow, marked with dark purple, thick, cellular glandular, ovale, 3.5 mm i

.6 mm wide, with erect, cellular-serrated margins below the middle, the sides reflexed above the middle

creating a narrowing to a clavate, verrucose apex, the disc sulcate, ae base Coa subcordate, with a

of minute, slender processes, narrowly hinged to the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 2.5

m long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick, re -glandular, the foot thick, cellu-

i -glandular.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, cloud forest above Rio Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vasquez & M. Manon 5131 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is apparently endemic in the Nor Yungas of Bolivia. From the

other small members of the subgenus it is distinguished by the comparatively large

flowers with purple-spotted, long-tailed sepals; shorter tailed petals long-ciliate

above the base; and a protruding dark-purple, clavate tip of the lip.

Muscarella cynocephala pas Luer, comb. ae

Bas.: Pleurothallis cyno r, Selbyana 5: 163, 1

Ety.: From the Greek se a “like a dog head,”’ in Gath to the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia cynocephala (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 2-3.5 cm mm long includ-

ing the petiole 5-15 mm long, 3-4 ide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

secund, lax, successively few-flowered raceme, up to 5 cm long including the filiform peduncle ca. 3 cm

the cee sepals oblique, 9 mm long, | m wide, onic 5 mm; petals ace avate in lower

third, sparsely long-ciliate, acute, long-attenuate, 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip light green, marked with

purple, ovate, thick, ong, wide, the apex truncate with a few excrescences beneath, below

the middle with erect margins with apices acute and ciliate, the disc sulcate between a pair of calli on the

middle third, the base truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, semiter-

ete, 2 mm long with an , the anther, rostellum and stigma ventra

OLIVIA: Cochabamba: epiphytic in forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, col-

lected Nov. 1978, flowered in cultivation 21 May 1979, C. Luer 4065 (Holotype: SEL).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 101

This species is apparently endemic on the northern slopes of the Andes of cen-

tral Bolivia. It is characterized by the an erect, slender, strict, loosely flowered

raceme of successive flowers that only slightly surpasses the narrowly obovate

leaves. The spotted sepals and petals are ciliate and long-caudate. The lip that

resembles the head of a dog is thick with erect acute, ciliate lobes above the base

and a truncate apex.

oe delicatula (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

Pleurothallis delicatula Lindl., Folia Orch. Pew urot cia 38, 1859.

Ely. ‘From the Latin delicatulus, ‘“‘minutely delicate,”’ referring to the habit and flowers.

Syn.: Humboldtia delicatula (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. eee Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Specklinia delicatula (Lind1.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely coer yane roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-4 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly earaceods: elliptical, ae 11-14 mm long

including a petiole ca. 1 m wide, the base c into the ser Inflorescence an

elongating, flexible, flexuous, lax, successively many-flow ene, 10 cm long including the

filiform peduncle 1-1.5 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral aS 1.5 mm long; pedicel 1-

= mm long; ovary, 1 mm long; sepals yellow, sometimes striped in purple, carinate, slightly thickened

ward the apices, the dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

ca falcate-oblong, oblique, acute, 5 mm long, L. mm wide, 2-veined; petals translucent yellow, gla-

brous, cuneate-obovate, 1.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined, with the apex obliquely truncate,

minutely lacerate; lip yellow, red-brown below the middle, subpandurate-trilobed, 3.4 mm long, 1 mm

er €

below the middle, thin, erect, low, oblong, minutely lacerate, the disc with 3 parallel lamellae through the

basal half, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above the middle, 2

m long, with a pair of minute marginal lobules below the middle, the anther hooded, ventral, the stigma

also ventral, the foot 1 mm lon

JAMAICA: sine loc., W. Purdie s.n. (Holotype: K). Surrey: Portland: near Mabess River, alt. 4000 ft.,

22 Feb. 1900, W. Harris 7826 (BR, K); Mt. Moses, alt. 3500 ft., Nov. 1881, D. Morris 2031, 2279 (K);

near John Crow Peak, 24 Jan. 1902, W. Harris 10478 (BM, K); Mabess River, alt. 2500 ft., 25 July 1903,

G.E. Nichols 140 (K); near Mabess River, alt. 3, = m, 12 Apr. 1900, W. Harris 9007 (BM); Mt. Moses,

alt. 3500 ft., Nov. 1885, D. Morris 2277 (K). Cornwall: near Troy, alt. 2500 ft., 7 Dec. 1904, W. Harris

8869 (BM, K). Manchester: northwest of Sire aa alt. 3,000 ft., 22 Oct. 1955, G.R. sous 11080

(AMES); epiphytic in forest northwest of Troy, alt. 640 m, 10 Nov. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup & P.

Jesup 11469 (MO). Clarendon: near Cave Valley, south of Broom Hall, alt. 2,100 ft., Aug.- “Sept. "1983.

D.L. Kelly s.n. (TCD

This sesh is endemic in the mountains of Jamaica where it is found occasion-

ally. It is characterized by the small habit with clustered, short ramicauls and thick,

elliptical leaves. The flowers are produced in slow succession in an elongating,

flexible, flexuous raceme. The color varies from the usual yellow to striped in

purple. The sepals are free, the petals are fimbriate on obliquely truncate apices,

and the lip is subpandurate to trilobed with a thickened, rounded, microscopically

spiculate apex. Below the middle the disc is trilamellate between thin, low and

minutely lacerate lateral lobes. A pair of minute lobules are present on the column

below the wings.

Muscarella echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: P cath dap echinodes Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 16: ee

Ety.: Fro e Greek echinodes, “prickly like a hedgehog,”’ in fancied illusion of the flower.

Syn.: ne echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 4-6 cm lon

including an indistinct subpetiolate base, 3-5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below . Inflorescence a hori-

zontal, more or less creeping, loose, flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 7 cm long

including the filiform peduncle 1-2 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5 mm long;

pedicel slender, 2-3 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals translucent tan with purple spots, carinate,

spiculate externally, oblong, obtuse with the apices contracted into 1 mm long tails, the dorsal 7.5

long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate to above the

middle; petals rea yellow with faint brown spots, obovate in lower half, minutely denticulate

above the middle, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with the acute apex contracted into a filamentous tail half

the length of the petal: lip trilobed, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide across the lateral lobes expanded, the lateral

lobes below the middle, black, erect, broadly rounded, the apical half orange, verrucose, obtuse, the disc

with a red, central cavity, the base unguiculate, channeled, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-

foot; column slender, semiterete, 3 mm long, ne aninel, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot with a

pair of slender p tip.

a wv oO

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: epiphytic in subparamo cloud forest, Paramo de Jurisdicciones, alt.

oa 1 May 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7675 (Holotype: SEL; Isotypes AAU,

COL, JAUM).

This species is known only from the Paramo de Jurisdicciones in the Eastern

Cordillera of Colombia. Vegetatively not distinctive, this species is distinguished

by the lax, creeping raceme of successive flowers that resemble a spiny insect

crawling through the loose substrate. The sepals are spiculate with tiny tails. The

petals are caudate and microscopically ciliate. The lip is trilobed with an obtuse,

verrucose apex and erect, rounded, black lobes below the middle. The unguiculate

base extends beneath a pair of slender processes that project forward from the base

of the column. Although these features are not typical of Muscaria Luer, this bi-

zaire species seems most closely allied to the species relegated here.

Muscarella exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis exesilabia A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes, Phytologia 14: 11, 1966

Ety.: From the Latin exesilabius, “with an irregularly eroded lip,”’ incorrectly referring to the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16:

257, 2001,

nt very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-9 mm long

including a petiole ca. 1 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence an erect,

loose, flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 4 cm long including the filiform peduncle

ca. 1 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel slender, 2-2.5 mm long;

ovary, 0.75 mm long; sepals yellow, purple toward the tips, carinate with the carinae and margins

minutely erose, elliptical, acute, thickened at the apices, the dorsal sepal 4-4.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 3.75-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, free; petals translucent

purple, broadly elliptical-obovate, obtuse, saa lacerate above the middle, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.25

mm wide; lip purple, pandurate-trilobed, 1.8-2 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, with a distinct isthmus below the

anterior lobe, the anterior lobe rounded, convex, long-ciliate, the lateral lobes above the base, erect,

transversely oblong, the disc with a longitudinal callus with a circular cavity at the distal end just above

the middle and another cavity at the base, the base hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm

long, the anther and rostellum subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot thick, concave.

NICARAGUA: Jinotega: near Finca Santa Elena, between Matagalpa and Jinotega, alt. 4510 ft., July

1962, A.H. Heller 6497 Coe AMES).

VENEZUELA: Tachira: Km. 25 on road to Fundacién, alt. 900 m, R. Mejia s.n. Coe: ill. 1299).

ECUADOR: Napo: Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5366

(MO); near Sumaco, alt. 100 m , 9-11 Oct - 1999, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, H. & M. (ee 6673 (MQ).

Morona-Santiago: new aoe between Tena and Coca, alt. 1100 m, 22 Feb. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 6956 (SEL); Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in forest east of Guismé, alt. 1300 m, 20 May 1988,

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13510 (MO)

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 103

This species occurs locally in three disjunct localities (Nicaragua, Venezuela

and Ecuador). It is distinguished by the very small habit with delicate, flexuous,

successively flowered racemes. The sepals are carinate-erose and acute with thick-

ened apices. The petals are shortly erose-lacerate. Most distinctive is the pandurate

lip with a rounded, long-ciliate apical lobe, low basal lobes and a longitudinal callus

traversing the isthmus with cavities at both ends. The two holes appear to commu-

nicate, but they do not.

Muscarella fimbriata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Masdevallia fimbriata Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: ot 1930, not Pleurothallis

fimbriata Lindl., 9.

Ety.: From the Latin fimbriatus, “‘fimbriate,”’ referring to the floral parts.

Syn.: Pleurothallis setosa C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl., 9: 64, 1941, nom, nov. for P. fimbriata

Ames & C.Schweinf.

Ety.: From the Latin setosus, ‘‘with bristles,’ referring to the bristly flowers.

Syn.: Specklinia setosa (C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia fimbriata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Selana & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6: t.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 mm

long, enclosed by 2 short, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, linear-obovate, thickly sub-

triangular in cross section, subacute to obtuse, 20-28 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2 mm thick, the base gradual-

ly narrowed into the subpetiolate base, Inflorescence a prostrate to eres creeping, lax, succes-

sively several-flowered raceme, up to 5 cm long including the setose peduncle ca. 2 cm long, borne later-

ally from the ramicaul; floral bract spiculate, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel slender, lightly spiculate, 4-5 mm

long; ovary long-spiculate, 1.5 mm long; sepals translucent greenish white, suffused and spotted with

light rose, with margins and carinae long-spiculate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, contracted into a

slender tail slightly shorter than the blade, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-carinate, the lateral sepals

onnate 4 mm into a broad, oblong, bifid lamina, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, with obtuse apices contracted

into slender tails 4 mm long; petals translucent yellow with brown midvein, narrowly elliptical, acute,

acuminate, lacerate, 6.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; lip rose, obovate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex

broadly rounded, fimbriate-spiculate, with a pair of low, obtuse, marginal angles in the lower third, with

a low, converging pair of denticulate carinae within the angles, shallowly channeled between, the base

truncate, minutely biauriculate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot bicallous.

MEXICO: Vera Cruz: north of Monte Romero, 7 200 m, collected by W. Bussey 14 Apr. 1983, flow-

ered in cultivation 19 July 1985, C. Luer 11396 (M

BELIZE: Middlesex: Stann Creek District, 20 oe 1939, P.H. Gentle 3044 (AMES). Toledo: between

Monkey River on a P.H. Gentle 4298 (AMES); Edwards’s Road beyond Columbia, P.H.

Gentle 6288 (AM

GUATEMALA: sine oe 1939, M.W. Lewis 174 (AMES

COSTA ee across the Rio Reventazon, alt. 900- 1700 ft., CH. Lankester 1176 (holotype of M. fim-

briata: AMES); sine loc., obtained from L. Glicenstein by P. Jesup, cultivated at Bristol, CT, 17 Nov.

1977, C. Luer 2215 (SEL). Lim6n: Cordillera de Talamanca, ridge between Quebrada Camagre and Rio

Barbilla, alt. 180-480 m, 9 Sept. 1988, M. Grayum et al. 8916 (CR, MO). Puntarenas: south of Las

Cruces de Coto Brus, ridge west of Rio Jaba, alt. 1140-1360 m, 24 Jan. 1989, M. Grayum 9304 (CR,

MO). Cartago: near Turrialba, hillside a Instituto Interamericano, 21 July 1947, collected by E.H.

Taylor & A. Allen, G.P. DeWolf 358 (AMES).

HONDURAS: Atlantida: Campamento Quebrada Grande, southwest of La Ceiba, base of Pico Bonito,

alt. 50-80 m, 12 May 1993, R.L. Liesner & D. Mejia 26230 (MO).

This unique species is uncommon but widely distributed in Central America. It

is distinguished by the narrow, thickly triquetrous leaves, and a creeping raceme witha

spiculate peduncle and rachis. The sepals are tall-carinate and spiculate with

slender tails. The petals are short and shortly fimbriate. The lip is obovate with a

broadly rounded, spiculate apex.

104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Muscarella fuchsii (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis fuchsii Luer, Selbyana 1: 44, 1973.

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Fred Fuchs, Jr., of Naranja, Florida, who discovered this species

Syn.: Specklinia fuchsii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

t very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, ae to obtuse, 10-15

mm long including the petiole 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole.

Inflorescence a fascicle of successive flowers fee by an erect, filamentous peduncle, 20-30 mm long,

borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-2 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;

sepals yellow-green, with purple margins and stripes, carinate, sparsely denticulate-papillose on the

margins and ribs, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, contracted into a thick apex, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

the lateral sepals oblong, acute, contracted into a thick apex, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, free at the base;

petals yellow with three, purple stripes, ovate, inet minutely serrate, acute, 2 mm long, 0.75 mm

wide; lip purple, oblong, thick, 2 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the apex convex, rounded, verrucose, cellu-

lar-papular, the disc with a pair of thick, low carinae on the middle half, the base truncate, minutely

bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.8 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot thick.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic near Puyo, alt. 750 m, collected by Fred Fuchs, Jr., flowered in cultiva-

tion Jan. 1975, C. Luer 157 (Holotype: SEL).

This species, endemic in the eastern lowlands of Ecuador, is allied to Muscarella

semperflorens (Lindl.) Luer, which is found from the lowlands eastern Ecuador to

the Guyanas and Venezuela. Muscarella fuchsii is distinguished from the other

members of the genus by the very small habit with oblanceolate leaves; a fascicle of

successive flowers borne beyond the tips of the leaves; sepals with narrow, thick-

ened apices; short, acute, serrate petals; and a thick, oblong, verrucose, cellular-

papular lip.

Muscarella furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis furcatipetala Luer & Hirtz, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: ‘50, 2001.

Ety.: From the Latin furcatipetalus, ‘‘with forked petals,”’ referring to the non-fringed petals.

Syn.: Specklinia furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260,

004.

Plant small, epiphytic, or eat roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly a -obovate, long-petiolate, subacute to

obtuse, 20-35 mm long including i petiole 8-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into

the petiole. Inflorescence a suberect, flexible, flexuous, loose, ey several- to many- cues

raceme, up to 8 cm long including the filiform peduncle 2-3 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul;

sepals triangular-ovate, oblique, acute, attenuate, 9 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 0.75 mm; petals trans-

lucent, oblong in the basal fourth below an acute fork on either side, acute, long-acuminate above, thick-

ened in the distal third, 7 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; lip dark purple, oblong with the rounded apex de-

flexed, 3.5 mm long expanded, 1.5 mm wide, diffusely minutely papillose, with cellular- -papillose mar-

yellow, slender, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot concave

between a pair of obtuse calli.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Chiviasa, east of Lim6n, alt. 1300 m, 21 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, E. Sanchez

lera del Condor, Paquisha, alt. ca. 1500 m, ealiucied at Ecuagenera, Gunlace s: 7 Mar, 2001, C. Luer

19838 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in southeastern Ecuador, is another in the

numerous species related to Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer, a species-complex

itself. The inflorescence is a flexible, remotely flowered raceme of successive

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 105

flowers. The sepals are purple-spotted and long-attenuate. Instead of cilia, teeth, or

a fringe, the margins of the petals are singly forked on the basal quarter. The diffu-

sely papillose, dark purple lip is oblong with the rounded apex deflexed. A pair of

forked calli are present on the disc between the erect marginal lobes on the basal

third.

Muscarella gongylodes (Luer) Luer, oe

Bas.: Pleurothallis gongylodes Luer, Selbyana 5: 79:

Ety.: From the Greek gongylodes, “like a ball,”’ aa to the apex of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia gongylodes (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant large for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 cm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 3.5-6 cm

long including the indistinct petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.9-1 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the

petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loose, flexuous, flexible, successively flowered raceme up to 13 cm long

including the peduncle 5-6 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 2-3 mm long; pedi-

cels slender, 10-15 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals translucent greenish white with purple spots,

carinate, glabrous, oblong below the middle, with the apex acute, contracted into a slender, terete tail ca.

6 mm long, the dorsal sepal 12-13 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral sepals 11-12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

connate 2 mm; petals translucent with purple dots, ovate-sagittate, acute, shortly acuminate, irregularly

serrate, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the base abruptly short-unguiculate; lip red-brown, obovoid, thick, 4.5

mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex convex, globose, broadly rounded, with the sides recurved and meet-

ing beneath, above the base with erect, subacute, marginal angles, shallowly channeled between, with a

small, finlike callus on the undersurface below the middle, the base concave above the hinge, minutely

bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 3.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot 0.5 mm lon

ECUADOR: Imbabura: epiphytic in scrub, subparamo forest west of Otavalo, alt. 3000 m, 17 Feb.

1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2602 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is probably endemic in high-altitude forests of northwestern

Ecuador. It is distinguished from the other members of the genus by the larger than

usual leaves that are far surpassed by a flexuous, distantly flowered raceme of rela-

tively large flower. The sepals are spotted and caudate; the petals are acute and

serrate; and the lip is obovoid with a large, prominent, spheroid apex.

ets helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Luer, comb. nov.

as.: Pleurothallis helenae Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47: 4, 1909.

Evy. Named for Miss Helen A. Wood, who made a drawing of the species for Fawcett and Rendle.

Syn.: pani helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 mm long,

enclosed . 2 thin , tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 8-12 mm long

fimbriate above the subunguiculate base, 2.25 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip red, oblong-trilobed,

thick, 2 mm long, | mm wide, the apical half cellular-papillose with the tip broadly rounded, with the

lateral lobes below the middle erect, thin, broadly rounded, aetna fringed, the disc below the

middle shallowly channeled between a pair of small oblong, a t calli, the base with a *‘V-

shaped”’ cavity, truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column arcuate, ged above the deena 1.5 mm

long, the foot channeled between a pair of rounded calli, the anther, ane and stigma ventr

JAMAICA: On trunks of trees, Mabess River, alt. 1150 m, W. Harris s.n. (Holotype: ?); Mt. Moses, alt.

3,500 ft., J.T. Syme 2279 (BM, NY). Vicinity of Cinchona, John Crow Peak, 2-10 Sept. 1906, N.L.

Britton 275 (AMES, NY). Port Royal Mountains, crest of Mt. Horeb, alt. ca. 4,500 ft., G.R. Proctor

6674 (AMES). Surrey Co., Fairy Glade above Hardwar Gap, alt. 1350 m, 13 Nov. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Jesup & P. Jesup 11495 (MO). St. Andrew Parish, Blue Mountains, northwest of Morce’s Gap,

alt. 5,000 ft., 8 July 1989, D.L. Kelly Y S. Iramonger 9574 (TCD).

106 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona: Monteada Nueva, Cafia Brava, south of Cabral, alt. 1300 m, 15

June 1968, A.H. Liogier 11662 (NY). Constanza: Loma Redonda, Ciénaga de la Culata, alt. 1600-1950

m, 23 Sept. 1969, A.H. Liogier 16042 (NY): Loma del Campanario, Ciénaga de la Culata, alt. 1650-1850

m, 24 Sept. 1969, A.H. Liogier 16076 (AMES, NY); Yaquecillo, north of Culata, alt. 1600 m, 16 Oct.

1968, A.H. Liogier 13050 (NY); Loma de la Sal, between Jarabacoa and Constanza, alt. 1400 m, 30 Oct.

M. Mejia & J. Pimentel 21531 (AMES, NY). Bahoruco: Sierra de Bahoruco, near casa #2 toward

Pueblo Viejo, alt. 1700 m, 7 May 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Dod 12209 (MO). Santiago: Pico Diego

de Ocampo, alt. 1200 m, 17 Sept. 1968, A.H. Liogier 12698 (NY

HAITI: Massif du Nord, Ennery, top of Morne Basile, alt. ca. 1425 m, 15 June 1927, E.L. Ekman 8446

(AMES); Morne des ee canelon ce near Oriani, alt. 5,800 ft., 27 July 1944, J.7. Curtiss 5 (AMES).

CUBA: reported, specimen not s

This species is known from the islands of Jamaica and Hispaniola, and reported

from Cuba. It is characterized by the minute, caespitose habit with twice longer,

hair-like racemes of two or three successive flowers. The sepals are carinate and

acuminate; the petals are fimbriate and also acuminate; and the lip is red, thick and

oblong, cellular-papillose and rounded at the apex. Below the middle the lateral

lobes are low and broadly rounded, and a pair of pubescent, oblong calli are on the

1SC.

Muscarella herpestes (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis herpestes Luer, Selbyana 5: ia io 0.

Ety.: From the Greek herpestes, “‘a creeping serpent,’’ in fancied illusion of the inflorescence.

Syn.: Specklinia herpestes (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

nt small, terrestrial or epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-7 mm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 3-4 cm long

including an indistinct subpetiolate base, 2.5-3 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below . Inflorescence a

horizontal, more or less creeping, loose, successively few-flowered raceme, up to 4 cm long including

the filiform peduncle 1-1.5 cm ae borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5 mm long; pedicel

slender, 1.5 mm long; ble .5 mm long; sepals translucent greenish white with dark purple spots,

carinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, acute, ae attenuate, ‘e mm as ng, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral oon ovate-falcate, oblique, acute, a te, 7m wide, 2-veined, free; petals

translucent with purple midvein, elliptical i in lower third, long ane eee acute, long-acuminate, :

.75 mm wide excluding the cilia; lip means eens wit = rk purple, ovate-trilobed, 4 m

long, 1.75 mm wide, the margins long-ciliate, the apex rounded, w mall, thin, erect, uncinate, ma

ginal lobes in n lower fourth, the disc shallowly sulcate, the base eo truncate, minutely TSE alate.

firmly attached to the column-foot; column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot broad, 0.5 mm long.

COSTA RICA: Cartago: epiphytic in forest below Empalma, alt. ca. 1900 m, 14 Sept. 1979, C. Luer, J.

Luer, & K. S. Walter 4169 (Holotype: SEL). Heredia: near Vara Blanca, alt. ca. 1800 m, 15 Sept. 1979,

C. Luer, J. Luer, & K. S. Walter 4184 (SEL). Guanacaste: Parqué Nacional Guanacaste, Estacién Cacao,

Sendero Cerro Cacao, alt. 1200 m, 2 June 1990, Bernal Apu 3 (CR).

This species is known only from the mountainous forests of central Costa Rica.

An illustration by Endres is not known. Vegetatively not distinct, this species is

distinguished by the lax, creeping raceme of successive flowers that resemble an

insect or spider crawling through the loose substrate. The spotted sepals are long-

acuminate with the tails of the lateral sepals and petals curving upward. The lip is

long-ciliate with a pair of small, hooklike lobes below the middle.

Muscarella ichthyonekys (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis ichthyonekys Luer, Selbyana 3: 316, 1976.

Ety.: From the Greek ichthyonekys, ‘‘fish-carcass,”’ in fancied allusion to the petals.

Syn.: Specklinia ichthyonekys (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

ant small, terrestrial to epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-12 mm

long, pees by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 2.5-5 cm

long including an indistinct petiole 1-3 cm long, 6-9 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below. Inflorescence a

horizontal, more or less creeping, loose, successively few-flowered raceme, up to 14 cm long including

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 107

the filiform peduncle 2-3 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel

slender, 2.5-4 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals dark red-purple, carinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly

triangular, acute, attenuate, 7-9 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 6.5-

9 mm long, 6-7.5 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 3-4 mm; petals translucent with purple midvein, elliptical

in lower third, oa long se fimbriate, acute, long-acuminate, 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide excluding

the cilia; lip dark red, pandurate-trilobed, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 3 mm wide across the lobes expanded, the

apex broadly rounded, cellular, with thin, erect, oblong, marginal lobes in lower third, the disc shallowly

sulcate between a pair of erect, rounded calli between the apical lobe and the lateral lobes, the base

concave with tall margins, hinged to the column-foot; column clavate, 3-4 mm long, the anther, rostel-

lum and stigma ventral, the foot concave, 1.5 mm long.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in dwarf forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2800 m, 6

Mar. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1571 (Holotype: MO); east of pass east of Loja, alt. 2600 m,

21 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16064 (MO); forest east of Yangana, alt. 2850 m,

19 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 7192 (SEL); Cajanuma range south of Loja, alt. 2950 m, 21

Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 10800 (MO).

This species is found occasionally in mountainous forests of southeastern

Ecuador. Although vegetatively similar to most of the other members of the genus,

this species is distinguished by the loose raceme of successive, dark purple flowers

that creeps in the surrounding substrate. The sepals are acuminate; the petals are

long-ciliate below the aristate apex; and the lip is three-lobed with a broad, rounded

apex and oblong, erect lateral lobes in the lower third.

Nala infinita (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. n

B eurothallis infinita Luer & Hirtz, Rev. Soc. Bol. id 1(2): $3, 1997.

Ety.: ] the Latin infinitus, “‘boundless,”’ referring to the limitless variations - the lip .

found in Pleurothallis zephyrina Rchb.f. [=Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer].

“i eae infinita (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

P very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 2 mm long, enclosed by 1-2

thin, ae paras Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 15-17 mm long including a

petiole 4-5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a loose,

seen sae flowered raceme up to 6 cm long including the filiform peduncle 3-4 cm long; floral

br n, | mm long; pedicel 5-6 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent light yellow, car-

inate, cron the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, concave, acute, long-attenuate, 5 mm long, 1 mm wide,

the lateral sepals free, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, long-attenuate, 5 mm long, | mm wide; petals

similarly colored, ovate below the middle, fimbriate, 3.25 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, acute, contracted

into a filiform apex above the middle; lip light yellow with 2 purple stripes, ovate-trilobed, 2 mm long, |

mm wide, the apical lobe rounded, cellular-glandular, the lateral lobes broadly rounded, erect, with

obtuse, antrorse apices above the middle, the disc featureless, cellular-glandular, the base subtruncate,

hinged to the column-foot; column green, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, the foot thick, 1 mm long, bicallous

at the base

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, Alto Yipe, alt. 1700 m, collected in Aug. 1991 by A. Hirtz et al., flow-

ered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5695 (Holotype: MO); C. Luer illustr. 16207.

This species is another of the numerous species related to Muscarella zephyrina

(Rchb.f.) Luer. Although basically similar in all these variations, the lip varies in

some degree in every population. The ovate lip of this species, however, is charac-

terized by broadly rounded lateral lobes that end in obtuse angles above the middle

with a featureless disc in between. In the variations considered to represent M.

zephyrina, a pair of erect, marginal angles with medial calli are present above the

base, and the lip is narrowed medially, often with some teeth or fringe.

Muscarella intonsa (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis intonsa Luer, Orquideologia 14: 156, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin intonsus, “‘unshaven,”’ referring to the lip.

Syn.: flere intonsa (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

mall, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 2-6 mm long, enclosed by 1-2

thin, ae sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 10-25 mm long

including a petiole 5-10 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence

108 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

a loose, flexuous, flexible, successively several-flowered raceme up to 10 cm long pees the filiform

peduncle 3- 4 cm long; floral bract thin, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel 5-12 mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long;

sepals t light green, suffused with rose, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 8.5-9

mm long, 2-2.25 mm wide, the lateral sepals free, oblique, acute, 9 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide; petals

similarly colored, ovate, acute, shortly fimbriate, 7.5-8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide; lip dark purple, ovoid-

trilobed, 2.25-2.5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, the apical lobe rounded, decurved, smooth, with long-ci-

liate margins, the lateral lobes small, erect, obtuse, the disc with a deep central cavity with well-defined

margins, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column green, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, the foot

thick with the end of the ovar

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Caldas, Alto de San Miguel, Morro Gil, alt. 2550 m, 26 Jan. 1974, R. Escobar

et al. 112] (Holotype: JAUM); same collection, flowered by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 23 Jan. 1978,

C. Luer 2317 (SEL); sine loc., flowered in cultivation at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 18 Nov. 1977, C.

Luer 2232 (SEL

This species 1s apparently endemic in the Central Cordillera of Colombia.

Similar in habit, it is distinguished from other members of this genus by the

loose, long-pedicellate raceme of comparatively large flowers with acute sepals and

petals. The petals are shortly fimbriate. The lip is thick and ovoid with an erect

pair of short, basal lobes with a thickly margined cavity between them. The apex is

smooth, rounded and convex with a long-ciliate margin that curves beneath.

Muscarella kennedyi (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis kennedyi Luer, Selbyana 3: oe Ke 6.

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Dr. George Kennedy of Los Angeles, CA.

_ ici kennedyi (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed by 2

thin, an sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 9-14 mm long in-

yellow, marked with purple in broken lines along the veins, serrulate-carinate, sparsely short-pubescent

externally, oblong-ovate, shallowly concave, obtuse, contracted into short, thick, orange tails, the dorsal

sepal 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate below the

middle; petals similarly colored, ovate, subacute, thickened at the orange apex, shortly fimbriate, 2.5

mm long, 1.6 mm wide; lip dark purple, ovoid-trilobed, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apical lobe round-

ed, convex, minutely verrucose, the lateral lobes o g the basal half of the MPs erect, thick, rounded,

the disc longitudinally channeled, with a ionenueina) carina beneath, the base subtrunca te, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete, 1.75 mm long, toothed at the apex, the foot thick.

PERU: San Martin: near Divisoria, flowered in cultivation 11 Feb. 1977, G. Kennedy s.n. (Holotype:

SEL), C. Luer illustr. 363-S.

This species is apparently rare and endemic in northern Peru. Similar in habit to

the other very small species of the genus, it is distinguished by shortly fringed

petals; short, thick, orange tails of the sepals; and a thick, minutely verrucose lip

with thick, erect lateral lobes.

ee latilabris (Foldats) Luer, comb. no

as.: Pleurothallis latilabris Foldats, Acta. Bot. Venez. 3 376, 1968.

a From the Latin latilabris, “‘with a broad lip,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Specklinia latilabris (Foldats) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ase eed elliptical- hes subacute, 20-30 mm long including

an indistinct petiole, 3-4 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

translucent light yellow-green with large purple spots, sparsely long-ciliate-pubescent, carinate-spiculate,

ades ovate, concave, occupying the lower third, the apex subacute, contracted into twice longer

tails, the dorsal sepal 10 mm long (tail ¢ mm mee 2. ray mm n wide, ne mace ee oblique, 10 mm long

(tail 6 mm long), 2.5 mm wide; petals translucer nd central stripe, ovate in lower

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 109

_ long-ciliate, acute, long-caudate, 4 mm long (tail 3 mm long); lip dark purple, ovoid-trilobed, 2.2

m long, 1.25 mm wide, the apex rounded, convex, verrucose, shortly fimbriate, the lateral lobes erect,

tie obtuse, ciliate, the disc channeled between a pair of thick calli occupying the middle third, the

base truncate, microscopically bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, the

foot thick.

VENEZUELA: Tachira: headwaters of the Rio Quinimari, above Rio de La Quebrada, alt. 2600 m,

date not recorded, J.A. Steyermark, G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 10881 (Holotype: VEN).

COLOMBIA: Boyaca: near Chiquinquira, secondary forest, alt. 3000 m, 2 Jan. 1993, A. De

Wilde 4437 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16617. Cundinamarca: Usaquén, alt. 2900-3000 m, | Nov.

1948, M. Schneider 229 (S).

This species occurs in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and adjacent west-

ernmost Venezuela. Similar in habit, it is distinguished from the other members of

the genus by the loose raceme of a few, nearly simultaneously opening, spotted

flowers. The sepals are sparsely long-ciliate-pubescent and long-caudate. The

petals are long-ciliate below the long-caudate apex. The lip is thick and short with

tall, erect, oblong, lateral lobes, and a verrucose, fimbriate apex.

Muscarella lipothrix (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis lipothrix Luer, Phytologia 5) or

Ety.: From the Greek lipothrix, “‘hairless,”’ referring to ei = don lip.

Syn.: Specklinia lipothrix (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-30 mm long including

subflexuous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 12 cm long including the ee peduncle 3- 4

cm long; floral bract thin, 1 mm long; pedicel 9 mm long below to 4 mm long above; ovary | mm long;

sepals translucent light green, carinate, with the carinae and margins dara and ai denticulate,

narrowly ovate, acute, long-acuminate, the dorsal sepal 7.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals

free, oblique, 7.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; petals translucent, elliptical and ciliate in basal third, 4.5 mm

low, oblong, erect, obtuse, the disc with a well- defined, longitudinal channel below the middle, the base

subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot; column green, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot thick with the end

of the ovary.

EDUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1400 m, collected by D. D’ Alessandro,

cultivated at Vilcabamba, 2 Nov. 1982, C. Luer 8267 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is apparently endemic in southeastern Ecuador. Similar in habit to

most of the other species of the genus, it is distinguished by the loose, long-

pedicellate raceme of comparatively large flowers with long-acuminate sepals and

petals. The blades of the petals are ciliate. The lip is thick, glabrous and oblong,

convex above the middle and channeled below the middle between low, basal lobes.

Muscarella llamachoi (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis llamachoi Luer, Lindleyana 13: ae 1998.

Ety.: ‘Na med in honor of Juan Llamacho of Holguin, Cuba, who discovered this species.

Syn.: Specklinia llamachoi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

lant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots proportionately thick. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 mm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute to subacute, 7-9 mm

successively 2- to 4-flowered raceme 8-12 mm long including the peduncle 5-6 mm long; borne laterally

from the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels | mm long; ovary 0.6 mm long; sepals translucent

rose with purple stripes along veins, carinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, thickened in the

distal quarter, narrowly rounded at the tip, 4.3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate,

acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals translucent with purple stripe, obovate, acute,

2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, with the margins deeply lacerate; lip purple with darker purple stripe and

dots, ovate- subtrilobed, 3.3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex denticulate and rounded, with the margins

110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

lacerate and erect below the middle into fimbriate lobes on the lower quarter, the disc shallowly concave

and cellular-papillose between low, submarginal calli below the middle, the apical third with numerous,

minute, radiating veins from the center to the margins, the base cuneate and concave to the column-foot

to which it is solidly united; column slender, semiterete, winged toward the apex, 2 mm long, bidentate

at the tip, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm lon

CUBA: Holguin: Mayari, Sierra de Nipe, eg in moist forest behind cabins of Agricultural Station,

alt. 650 m, discovered by Juan Llamacho, 25 Nov. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Diaz, J. Llamacho, J.

Ackerman, K. & R. Dressler 18631 (Holotype: HAIB: Isotype: MO).

This species is locally abundant but known from only one area of the Sierra de

Nipe. It is distinguished by the very small habit with proportionately large, purple-

striped flowers. The little elliptical leaves are surpassed by a loose, successively

few-flowered raceme. The tip of the narrow dorsal sepal is thickened; the laterals

are acute. The petals are deeply lacerate. The oblong lip is also lacerate with erect

lobes above the base. The cuneate base of the lip is narrowly concave and solidly

united to the tip of the column-foot.

Muscarella longilabris (Lindl.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis longilabris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 328, 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin longilabris, “‘with long lip,”’ referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Specklinia longilabris (Lind1|.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

lant minute, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, acuminate, apiculate, 5-12 mm long,

2-3 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1-1.5 mm long. Inflorescence a suberect, loose, flexuous,

successively 6- to 8-flowered raceme 3- ‘ cm long including the peduncle 1-1.5 cm long; borne laterally

om the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3.5 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals dark

purple, yellow-green toward the tips, carinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate-triangular, acute,

ong, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate-triangular, acute, 4.3 mm long, 1.4 mm

wide, connate 1 mm; petals translucent with purple stripe, unevenly elliptical, unguiculate, acute, 3.75

mm long, 1 mm wide, with the margins deeply and irregularly lacerate; lip purple, deeply pan ndurate, 4

m long, 2 mm wide across the erect, oblong, retrorse, basal lobes expanded, with the margins minutely

lacerate, 0.6 mm wide ACrOss the: isthmus, the apical third ovate, obtuse, concave, minutely denticulate, 3

al half, be ing nu us

column-foot; column slender, broadly winged above the middle, 1.75 mm long, tridentate at the tip, the

anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long.

CUBA: Oriente, 1856-57, C. Wright 651 in part (Holotype: K, Isotypes: BR, MO, NY); Oriente, near

Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859, C. Wright 1502 (AMES, BR, HAC, K, LE, MO, P), C. Luer illustr. 18801;

sine loc., 1857, Asa Gray s.n. (BR); Sierra Cristal, Loma Los Mulos, 2-7 Apr. 1956, Bro. Alain, J. Acufia

& M. Lépez F. 5360, 5463, 5476 (HAC, HAJB)

This species occurs locally in the mountains of the Oriente of Cuba. It is distin-

guished by the very small habit with acute leaves and with an elongated, lax, flexu-

ous, successively flowered raceme. The sepals are acute. The petals are irregularly

lacerate, a character common to Muscarella Luer. The lip, nearly as long as the

sepals, is deeply pandurate with a very narrow isthmus between erect basal lobes

and an ovate, concave apical lobe. The base is solidly united to the tip of the

column-foot.

Muscarella macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis macroblepharis Rchb.f., Gard. Chron, 2: 7 ie.

Ety.: From the Greek macroblepharis, “‘with large eyelashes,”’ referring to the ciliate petals.

Syn.: Masdevallia culex Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 361, 404, 488, 1888.

Ety.: From the Latin culex, ‘‘a mosquito,” in fancied allusion to the flower.

Syn.: Masdevallia pulex hort. ex. Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 488, 1888, sphalm.

Syn.: Specklinia macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 111

ant medium in size for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 5-8 mm

long, sacle by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse,

20-45 mm long including a petiole 8-20 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

nflorescence a loose, subflexuous, flexible, successively several-flowered raceme up to 15 cm long

including the filiform peduncle 4-5 cm long; floral bract 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel 3-6 mm long; ovary 2-3

mm long; sepals translucent light green, spotted or veined in purple, carinate, sparsely short-ciliate-

pubescent, narrowly ovate, acute, long-acuminate, the dorsal sepal 11-16 mm long, 2 mm wide, the later-

al sepals oblique, 11-14 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, connate 1-3 mm; petals translucent with purple mid-

vein, elliptical and long-ciliate in basal half, 5-6.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the apex acute, long-acu-

minate; lip dark purple, oblong-trilobed, 3.25-4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apical lobe oblong, round-

ed, verrucose, coarsely ciliate on margins and beneath, the lateral lobes on lower third, erect, subacute to

acute, the disc shallowly channeled between calli from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, minutely bi-

auriculate, hinged to the column-foot; column green, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot thick.

PERU: northern Peru, without oan pee aoe by B. Roezl 2669, flowered in cultivation at

Donnaueschingen, Baden, by M. Kirchhoff s.n otype: W; Isotype: AMES); from Roezl, cultivated

1878, 1879, by Bull 607, 657 (W). ae aos rain forest between Camhoque and Huanca-

bamba, alt. 2050 m, D. Bennett 4254 (MO); Huancabamba, above Canchaque, alt. 2030 m, 12 Sept.

1964, P.C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 6553 (F, UC).

ECUADOR: Carchi: Maldonado, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz 7603 (MO).

Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserve, wet forest, alt. 1500 m, 25 Jan. 1993, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & H.

Wanntorp 1765 (MO). El Oro: Pifias, 14 Mar. 1984, A. Hirtz 1072 (MO). Loja: forest remnant, new

road between Santa Rosa and Loja, alt. 2000 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

10692 (MO); epiphytic in seasonally dry, forested valley near El Cisne, alt. 2350 m, 26 Feb. 1986, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Embree 12038 (MO); same area, alt. 2500 m, 19 Feb. 1988, U. Molau & B. Eriksen

3106 (GB); Santa Isabel, alt. 1600 m, Apr. 1991, A. Hirtz 5428 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera

del Condor, Paquisha, alt. 1000 m, flowered in cultivation at Ecuagenera, 11 Jan. 2004, A. Hirtz 8660

(MO).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Repressa de Anchicaya, alt. 900 m, collected by Martha Robledo, cultivated at

La Ceja, 9 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13084 (MO). Chocé: El Embarcodero, collected by J. Miranda, cultivated

at La Ceja by M. & O. Robledo, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14276 (MO). Risaralda: near Pereira, cultivated

by S. Tsubota. 10 May 1993, C. Luer 16759 (MO). Cauca: Volcan Puracé, alt. 7,000 ft., 18 May 1878,

F-C. Lehmann s.n. (W). Risaralda: collected near Pereira, flowered in cultivation by S. Tsubota, 10

May 1993, C. ie 16759 (MO).

This species is relatively frequent and morphologically variable in its wide dis-

triburion from the Central Cordillera of Colombia through Ecuador into northern

Peru. It is characterized by the cluster of narrowly obovate leaves and a loose,

lengthening, successively flowered raceme of large flowers. The sepals are long-

acuminate and usually spotted. The degree of pubescence is variable. The blades

of the petals are long-ciliate. The lip is oblong with the apex rounded and verrucose

with the undersurface ciliate and pubescent, and with a pair of erect, marginal lobes

on the lower third.

Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Epidendrum marginatum Rich., Actes Soc. ae Nat. Paris 1: 112, 1792, non Pleurothallis

marginata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 34: Misc. 42, 1848.

Ety.: From the Latin marginatus, “‘marginate,”’ referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis alata A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 17, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin alatus, “winged,” possibly referring to the column.

Syn.: Pleurothallis spectrilinguis Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., 2: 457, 1882.

Ety.: From the Latin spectrilinguis, ‘‘a lip worth beholding,”’ referring to the spectacular lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis marginata (Rich.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 478, 1896, non P. marginata Lindl. 1838.

Syn.: Restrepia liebmanniana Kraenzl., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 71:

1.1920.

Ety.: Named for Frederik M. Liebmann of Copenhagen, who collected this species in Mexico.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hastata Ames, Orchidaceae 2: 208, 1908.

Ety.: From the Latin hastatus, ‘ ‘arrowhead- -shaped,”’ referring to the labellum.

112 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Syn.: Pleurothallis scopula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 28, 1

Ety.: From the Latin scopula, ‘‘a little broom,” referring to the fasciculate

Syn.: Specklinia hastata (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia alata (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6; x, 2003.

Syn.: Specklinia spectrilinguis (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264,

2004.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 18-25 mm

ovary 2 mm long; sepals translucent pale yellow with purple spots, carinate, sparsely denticulate on the

margins and carinae, narrowly ovate, acute, contracted into a slender tail about as long as the blade, the

dorsal sepal, 7-10 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, the lateral sepals, 7-9 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide,

connate basally; petals translucent, narrowly ovate, acute, serrulate, long-serrate on the lower margin, 3

mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip dark purple, oblong-trilobed, thick, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex

finlike callus on the undersurface below the middle, the base truncate, minutely bilobulate at the corners,

hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the

foot with a pair of minutely verrucose calli at the tip

MEXICO: sine loc., A. Richard s.n. (Holotype of Epidendrum marginatum: W). Vera Cruz: Mirador,

7 3,000 ft., without date, Galeotti 5197 (holotype of P. alata: BR, W); near Mirador, Mar. 1842, FM

M. Liebmann 7298 (orchid nr. 127, 128, 129) (C); Feb. 1842, E.M. Liebmann 7299 (orchid # ir. 129)

i. Zacuapan, alt. 900-1000 m, Feb. 1915, C.A. Purpus 2151 (AMES, BREM); sine loc., cultivated at

Glasnevin, Ireland, received from F-W. Moore 383 (W); near Zacuapan, alt. 900 m, 11 Feb. 1932, O.

Nagel 2659 (AMES). Chiapas: La Independencia, Santa Elena valley east of Montebello National Park,

alt. 760 m, 21 Jan. 1982, D.E. Breedlove 57670 (CAS); Ocosingo, road to Boca Lacantum, alt. 180 m, 15

Sept. 1985, E. Martinez S. 13871 (MEXU, MO). Sine loc., cultivated at the Hamburg Botanical Garden,

received in 1883 from Mr. James O’Brien s.n. (holotype of P. spectrilinguis: W).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Cubilgiiitz, alt. 350 m, Dec. 1901, H. von Tiirckheim 501 (holotype of P.

hastata: AMES; isotype: US); Cubilgiiitz, May 1903, A. von Tiirckheim II-1180 (AMES); Finca Chicoy

north of Coban, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected and cultivated by O. Archila, Coban, 13 Feb. 1990, C. Luer

14634 (MO); La Escalera, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected and cultivated by H. Ibafiez in Coban, 14 Feb. 1990,

C. Luer 14655 (MO).

HONDURAS: Comayagua: ae Solo, Lake Yojoa, alt. 2,000 ft., 1 Sept. 1932, J.B. Edwards 234a

(AMES). Sine loc., O. Ames s S).

NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: a Matapalos, alt. 1380 m, A... Heller 1261 (SEL).

Relatively frequent in Mexico and Guatemala, this species was first described

from Mexico as Epidendrum marginatum by L.C. Richard in 1792. In 1845, it was

described as Pleurothallis alata A.Rich. & Galeotti, and again from Mexico, by

Richard and Galeotti. Reichenbach’s sketch on the type sheet of P. spectrilinguis

[=Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer at W, leaves no doubt of its identity. Not

having been recognized from any of the scanty, early descriptions, the species

became known as Pleurothallis hastata [=M. marginata], from a Guatemalan col-

lection, and a similar species from Costa Rica acquired the name P. strumosa

[=Muscarella strumosa (Ames) Luer.

Muscarella marginata is characterized by the very small, narrow leaves and a

fascicle of slender pedicels borne above the leaves by a slender peduncle. The

sepals are mottled with purple, sparsely spiculate, and with tails of variable length.

Short tails are relatively thick; long tails about as long as the blade are slender. The

petals are small and irregularly shortly lacerate. The lip is dark purple and oblong

and convex with the sides revolute, sometimes meeting beneath to create a tube.

The margins are minutely denticulate or lacerate. Erect marginal lobes are present

on the lower third with a pair of calli.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 113

Muscarella megalops (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis megalops Luer, Selbyana 7: 118, 1982.

Ety.: From the Greek megalops, “‘large appearance,”’ referring to the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia megalops (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Plant large for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 5-10 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, punecian to obtuse, 30-45

mm long including a petiole 5-20 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

including the filiform peduncle 4-5 cm long; floral bract 2 mm long; pedicel 5-7 mm long; ovary 3 mm

long; sepals translucent green, spotted with purple, prickly-carinate, sparsely ciliate, narrowly oblong,

with the acute apices contracted into slender tails slightly shorter than the blades, the dorsal sepal 22 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the lateral sepals free, oblique, 23 mm long, 3 mm wide; petals translucent, narrowly

triangular, 14 mm long, | mm wide at the base, long-ciliate, with the apex long-acuminate; lip red-pur-

ple, ae trilobed, 13 mm long, 6 mm wide, the apical lobe broadly obovate, convex with the margins

incurved, rounded, long-ciliate and long-pubescent externally, the lateral lobes above the base, erect,

acute, the disc shallowly channeled between calli from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, densely fixed

to the column-foot; column green, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot thick.

EDUADOR: Azuay: epiphytic in the western pee slopes of pote a by = Malo at Tarqui,

26 Feb. 1982, C. Luer 7025 (Holotype: SEL). El Oro: sine loc., El t. 8,000 ft., as et

collector either André or Lehmann (W). Loja: El Cisne, alt. 1600 m, ean at pices 1999, A

Hirtz 7143 (MO).

This species, most closely allied to Muscarella macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer,

is rare in southwestern Ecuador. Vegetatively, it is larger than most other members

of the genus. The inflorescence is a long, loose, flexuous raceme of large, spectacu-

lar flowers. The spotted sepals long and narrow with tails slightly shorter than the

blades. The petals are long-ciliate below the aristate apex. The lip, by far the lar-

gest in the genus, is obovate and convex with erect, long-ciliate and pubescent

margins.

eae oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. n

as.: Pleurothallis oblonga Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: on ‘1996.

a From the Latin oblongus, “‘oblong,”’ referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Specklinia oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262,

004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed by

2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-30 mm long

including the petiole 5-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflores-

cence an erect, loose, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 10 cm long including the filiform

peduncle 2-4 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel slender, 4-5

m long; ovary, 1.5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, striped with brown along the veins, glabrous,

subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 10 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral

m wide, connate 0.5 mm; petals

translucent yellow with brown midvein, ovate in the basal third, lacerate, acute, long-acuminate, 7 mm

long, 1 mm wide; lip yellow, brown down the center, oblong, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the margin near

the middle minutely denticulate, the apex broadly rounded, the disc with a low pair of parallel calli on

the middle third, the base broadly rounded, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.25 mm long, the

anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long, shallowly concave.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic in wet, west flank of Volcan Illiniza, Cerro Azul, alt. 2,800 m, 23 Jan.

1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12479 (Holotype: MO); La Liberia west of Quito, alt. 2,700 m, Nov.

1983, A. Hirtz 1416 (MO); Pelagallo, alt. 2800 m, 6 Dec. 1984, A. Hirtz 2144 (MO).

Vegetatively similar to the majority of the species of the genus, Muscarella

oblonga is distinguished from them by the simple, flat, oblong lip. Escept for this

feature is most similar to the common and variable M. zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer.

114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Muscarella perangusta (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis perangusta Luer, Selbyana 3: 162, 1976

Ety.: From the Latin perangustus, ‘very narrow,”’ referring to the leaves and sepals

Syn.: Specklinia perangusta (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, pat eee roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4 mm long, enclosed

Leaf e Ww : e

oresc

cessively several-flowered raceme, up to 15 cm long including ie filiform peduncle 5-6 cm long, borne

laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel slender, 12 mm long below to 6 mm long

above; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow an brown veins, glabrous, carinate, ovate in the

basal half, the apex acute, long-attenuate, a dorsal sepal 11 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals

oblique, 12 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, connate 2 mm; petals translucent, elliptical-ovate, acute, long-ci-

liate on the lower margin, 3.5 mm long, a mm wide; lip yellow, dark purple toward the apex, oblong-

u te mar

lobes, the calli touching medially to create an opening toward the middle and the other at the base, the

ase truncate, very minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 3 mm long, the

anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick, bicallous, dark purple,

EDUADOR: Napo: epiphytic in wet forest west of Tena, alt. 600 m, 26 July 1975, J. Brenner 14 (Holo-

type: SEL), same collection, flowered in cultivation 22 Mar. 1976, C. Luer 284-S (SEL); between Rio

Jatunyacu and Pano, alt. 800 m, 22 Feb. 2004, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 8680 (M

This species occurs in the wet, forested lowland of eastern Ecuador. It is charac-

terized by slender, semiterete leaves two millimeters in diameter, and a long, flexu-

ous, successively flowered raceme. The sepals are narrow and acuminate with tails

about as long as the blades. The petals are simply acute with a row of cilia on the

lower margin. The lip is oblong with the apex rounded and convex with the ciliate

margin beneath. The disc is channeled below the middle between a pair of thick

calli within erect, marginal lobes.

Muscarella quinqueseta (Ames) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis quinqueseta Ames, Sched. Orch. 9: 35, 1925.

Ety: From the Latin quinquisetus, “with five bristles,’’ referring to the tails of the sepals and petals.

Syn.: Specklinia quinqueseta (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

ant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular she aths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 10-25 mm long

4mm wi

much longer than the blade, the dorsal sepal 11-12 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals ob-

lique, 11-12 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate at the base; petals translucent, with - midvein purple,

lacerate and elliptical in uae se sixth, acute long-attenuate, 10-11 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip purple,

three-lobed, oblong, 2.25 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, the apex ovate, obtuse, less Slap lan with

the lateral lobes erect, ie on the lower third, the disc shallowly channeled between calli from the

lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 1.75 mm long,

the foot short, thick, bicallous, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: San Ramén, 1869, A. Endres 248 (W). San José: San José, La Hondura, alt.

1300-1700 m, 2-4 Mar. 1924, P.-C. Standley 36283 (Holotype: AMES, Isotype: US).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Guadelupe, cultivated by A. Maduro, Dec. 1983, C. re 9342 (SEL).

This Central American species is very closely allied to the frequent, Andean

Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer, differing from the latter in the proportionately

much longer tails of the sepals, and especially the petals. Plants answering the

description of M. zephyrina are unknown in Central America.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 115

Muscarella rojohnii Luer, sp. nov

Ety.: Named for Dr. Claire Rojohn of Hales Corners, WI, co-collector of this species

Planta aoe caespitosa peprengen. foliis minute ciliatis, pedunculo repenti ciliatis, sepalis libris

longicaudat I m petalis longicaudatis longiciliatis, et labello crasso calceoli-

formi ent

Plant small, ae pee roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-5 mm long, enclosed by

2 ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, eS ciliate, narrowly elliptical, obtuse, 15-20 mm long

including a petiole 3-4 mm long, 4- 5 5 mm wide, narrowed below into the petiole; Inflorescence a pros-

trate to descending, creeping, loosely aa successively flowered raceme, up to 7 cm long or longer in-

cluding the peduncle ca. 3 cm long, with the peduncle and rachis long-ciliate, borne from the ramicaul;

floral bract broadly infundibular, 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; pedicel slender, long-ciliate, 4-6 mm long;

ovary densely villous-pubescent, 1.5 mm long; sepals translucent greenish white, spotted with purple,

with carinae long-spiculate, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, contracted into a slender tail longer

than the blade, 20 mm long, 2.5 mm with, the tail 12-13 mm long, the lateral sepals connate 4 mm into a

broad, oblong lamina, 6 mm long, 8 mm wide, with obtuse apices contracted into slender tails 10-13 mm

thirds obscurely rugose, the center third with a deep, circular cavity, the basal half with erect rounded

margins with a narrow, horse shoe-shaped callus medial to each, deeply concave above the membranous,

obscurely bilobulate base, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, spotted with purple, 3 mm

long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long.

ECUADOR: Loja: at the pass north of Loja, alt. 200 m, collected by C. Rojohn, D. D’ Alessandro &

L. Mendoza, C. Luer 21988 (Holotype: MO).

This unique species has recently been found for the first time in an area that has

been frequented by orchid hunters for a century. It is distinguished by little, ellipti-

cal leaves and a creeping, pubescent peduncle similar to that of Muscarella fimbriata

(Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, which was described in Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. by

Ames. A few comparatively large, long-tailed flowers are produced successively.

Fine cilia as seen on the peduncle are also present on the sepals, petals, and pedi-

cels, and densely matted on the ovary. The lip is small, thick, and shaped like an

old shoe with wrinkled sides.

Muscarella samacensis (Ames) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis samacensis Ames, Sched. Orch. 2: a

Ety;: ee for the community of Samac, Alta Verapaz, Guatemata, where the species was first

collect

Syn.: on samacensis (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, sn eh roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4 mm

long, enclosed by 2 short, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse,

12-37 mm long including the petiole 5-12 mm a 3-6 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole.

Inflorescence a prostrate to descending, creeping, lax, eee several- flowered raceme, up to 6 cm

long including the filiform peduncle 1-2 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract echinate,

0.5-1.5 mm long; pedicel slender, ascending, 2-5 mm long; ovary spiculate, 0.75-1 mm long; sepals

translucent yellow, spotted or lined with purple, with ae and carinae spiculate, narrowly ovate,

ute, the dorsal sepal 3.75-7 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals essentially free,

oblique, 3.75-7 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3- ae petals anced yellow, narrowly ovate, 3.5-6

mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, the margins with a few long-lacerate processes below the middle, the apex

long-acuminate; lip purple-black, spathulate, 5-4 mm long, 1.5-2.25 ide, the anterior half subcir-

cular with the sides more or less reflexed, more or less microscopically denticulate, with a pair of erect,

acute to narrow nded marginal angles on the lower third, with a low, longitudinal pair of carinae

within the angles, shallowly channeled between, the base truncate, tely biauriculate, hinged to the

col -foot; column semiterete, 1.75-2 mm long, the anther, cet and stigma ventral, the foot

bicall

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Samac near Coban, alt. 4500 ft., Oct. 1920, O. Ames 765 (Holotype:

AMES); Finca Gual6m near Coban, alt. 1500 m, collected and cultivated by O. Archila in Coban, 13

Feb. 1990, C. Luer 14638 (MO)

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COSTA RICA: sine loc., A. Endres 25 (W). aL a Buena, northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m,

22 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 49829 (AM

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Yarumal, Cabeceros ae Santo, alt. 2500 m, cultivated by M. & O. Roble-

do at La Ceyja, 23 Jan. 1978, C. Luer 231] (SEL

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Guatopo, Auyantepui, alt. 6,000 ft., Mar. 1964, G.C.K. Dunsterville 839B.

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2300 m, 2 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém &

T. Héijer 9936 (MO). Napo: Reventador, alt. 1400 m, 5 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & A. Audeetin 1959 (MO);

Bermijo oil fields north of Lumbaqui, alt. 850 m, 9 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

11745 (MO). Pastaza: east of Rio Negro along Rio Pastaza. alt. 1150 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11188 (MO). Morona-Santiago: between Macas and Guamote, alt. 1900 m, 6

Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12694, 12707 (MO); Cordillera del Condor east of Guismé, alt.

1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13549 (MO). Loja: above Yangana

north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10872 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 25 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup, P.

Jesup & A. Hirtz 16161 (MQ); Cordillera del Condor east of Mayaucu, alt. 1300 m, 20 May 1988, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13516 (MQ).

This species occurs locally in moist forests, uncommonly in Central America,

but frequently on the southeastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. It is morpholog-

ically variable even within a small area. Vegetatively, it is similar to many other

members of the genus, but it is distinguished by the long, loose, successively flow-

ered raceme of prickly flowers that creeps through the surrounding substrate. The

sepals are acute and attenuate. The petals are irregularly long-lacerate. The lip is

usually black and spathulate with a rounded apex and erect, marginal lobes in the

lower third.

Muscarella schudelii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis schudelii Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23: 40, 2002.

Ety.: Named for George Schudel of Middleburg, Florida, who first cultivated this species.

Syn.: Specklinia schudelii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-4 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-20 mm long including

a petiole 5-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose,

subflexuous, flexible, successively few-flowered raceme up to 25 mm long including the filiform pedun-

cle ca. 20 mm long; floral bract 1.25 mm long; pedicel 4 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals translu-

cent light green, spotted in red-brown, carinate, sparsely ciliate-pubescent, ovate, acute, long-acuminate,

slightly clavate at the tips of the tails, the dorsal sepal 7-8 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the lateral sepals

oblique, 7-8.5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, connate | mm; petals translucent with a thin, brown midvein,

elliptical and long-ciliate in basal half, 3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the apex acute, long-acuminate; lip

brown with white, ciliate hairs, oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse to subtruncate, with

the tip more or less recurved, microscopically verrucose, the basal corners erect, obtuse, the disc shallow-

ly channeled between calli from the lateral lobes, the base truncate, without auricles, hinged to the

column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot thick.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, near Paquisha, alt. ca. 1200 m, cultivated at

pas nae Gualaceo, Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz 7604 (Holotype: MQ); sine loc., obtained by G. Schudel from

A. Hirtz, flowered in cultivation in Middleburg, Florida, 8 June 1997, C. Luer 18790 (MO). Imbabura:

Cotacachi, Junin, alt. 1500-1700 m, 16 Feb. 2004, F Tobar & J. Monge 809 (MO).

George Schudel obtained a plant of this species from Alexander Hirtz without

collection data in October 1995. When it was in flower in June 1997, he submitted

a flower for identification. It appeared to be related to Muscarella macroblepharis

(Rchb.f.) Luer, but no description could be made, because the plant had disap-

peared. In the meantime another plant had been collected in the Cordillera del

Condor and cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, where a specimen was

made in April 2001.

Muscarella schudelii differs from M. macroblepharis in the smaller habit and

flowers with slightly thickened apices of the tails. The lip is oblong, obtuse, con-

vex, and covered by minute verrucae. The margin is fringed with white hairs.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 117

Muscarella semperflorens (Lind1.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis semperflorens Lindl., Folia Orch. eee re 40, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin semperflorens, “‘always in flower,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis acuminata H.Focke, Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. 2: 195, 1849, not (Kunth)

Lindl., 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin acuminatus, ‘“‘acuminate,”’ referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Humboldtia semperflorens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Specklinia semperflorens (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ue erect, 1-2 mm long, enclosed

gins,

shallowly channeled between a pair of oblique calli on middle third, the base truncate, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete, toothed at the apex, 1.75 mm ie the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot thick.

SURINAME: Paramaribo, in woods along the River Commeuyne, 20 Nov. 1846, H.C. Focke illustr.

[holotype of Pleurothallis acuminata Focke: W, non P. acuminata (Kunth) Lindl., 1842]; in forest near

Paramaribo, Sept. 1844, Vreges 627 (W); in fared near Marieperton?, May 1846, Kegel 1348 (W);

Sinistrum, 13 Feb. 1965, PA. Florschiitz & P.J.M. Maas 2846 (AMES, BBS); near Paramaribo, collect-

d by H.H. Morgan, flowered in cultivation 7 June 1975, C. Luer 065 (SEL); Patamaca, alt. 50 m, Dec.

1975, C.H. Dodson & J. Blaser s.n. (SEL

FRENCH GUIANA: epiphytic in tall, rain forest, Piste St. Elie, alt. 100 m, 13 May 1986, C. Luer, J.

Luer & D. Barthelemy 12243 (MQ); Saut Vata, Bassin du Sinnmary, 3 Oct. 1993, G. Cremers 13252

(CAY); Barrage de Petit Saut, Bassin du Gas ary, alt. 50 m, 21 June 1994, G. Cremers 13322 (CAY).

GUYANA: Barima River, 1898, E.F. im Thurn 37 (K).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Belem, Jurua, Sept. 1901, E. Ulle 5771 (HBG); Terr. do Amapa, Rio Amapari bei

Serra do Navio, alt. 100 m, 31 Oct. 1964, S. Vogel 151] (WU).

VENEZUELA: Carabobo: Guaremales, between Puerto Cabello and San Filipe, alt. 10-100 m, Dec.

1920, H. ay 9155 (AMES); Guatopo, Jan. 1956, G.C.K. Dunsterville 327.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: near Las Juntas, slopes of the Andes west of Cali, alt. 200-500 m, F:C. Lehmann

8204 at

ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Napo near Michaualli, alt. 600 m, cultivated at Chamblee, GA, 22 Aug. 1989,

QO).

F L Stevenson 89-822-3 (M

This species is widely distributed in Amazonian South America from the low-

lands of the Guyanas and Venezuela to Ecuador. Although first described by Focke,

his epithet acuminata was already occupied by Lindley’s transfer of the acuminata

of Kunth to Pleurothallis R.Br. Muscarella semperflorens is distinguished from the

other members of the genus by the very small habit with obovate leaves; a fascicle

of successive flowers borne by the peduncle beyond the tips of the leaves; sepals

with narrow, tail-like apices; short, acute, ciliate-serrate petals, uncommonly entire;

and a thick, ovoid, verrucose lip ciliate above the middle and below the middle with

thick, erect, obtuse, marginal angles or lobes.

Muscarella sibatensis (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis sibatensis Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 445, 1899.

Ety: Named for the community of Sibaté where the species was collected

Syn.: Specklinia sibatensis (Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

263, 2004.

118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small, epiphytic, pe ae roots slender. Ramicauls ae erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheat ‘hs. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 20-35 mm

of successive flowers, up to 10 cm long including the peduncle 3 cm long, from near the middle of the

ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals appear to have been

striped with purple, carinate, minutely ciliate, membranous, narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate-caudate,

the tails slightly thickened, about as long as the blades, the dorsal sepal 8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the

lateral sepals oblique, 8 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, free to the base; petals translucent, narrowly elliptical-

obovate in the basal half, 5.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, acute long- attenuate, with the margins of the blade

minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot short,

bicallous, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: in hills around Sibaté, alt. 2800 m, 3 Feb. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 2553

(Holotype: K; Isotype: AMES, BM, BR), C. Luer illustr. 16989.

This species is known from only the original collection by Lehmann. The

accompanying description and illustration made from type-material differ in some

details from those originally published. The sepals are minutely ciliate and thickly

caudate. The petals are minutely ciliate above the middle of the blade. The lip is

thick, densely pubescent above the middle and narrowly cuneate without marginal

angles or lobes.

Muscarella strumosa (Ames) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis strumosa Ames, Sched. Orch. 9: Al, 1925:

Ety.: From the Latin strumosus, ‘‘with a swelling,”’ referring to the bulbous base of the column.

Syn.: Specklinia strumosa (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-6 mm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 10-30 mm

long; sepals translucent pale yellow with purple spots, carinate, sparsely denticulate on the margins and

Carinae, narrowly ovate, acute, contracted into a slender tail about as long as the blade, the dorsal sepal,

7-9 mm long, 1.5-2.25 mm wide, the lateral sepals, 7-8 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, shortly connate basal-

ly; petals translucent, narrowly ovate, acute, serrulate, 2.5-3 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide; lip dark

purple, oblong-trilobed, thick, 3-3.3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex convex, broadly rounded, cellular

verrucose, the sides revolute with the margins minutely denticulate, the sides above the base with erect,

obtuse lobes, the disc channeled between a pair of calli extending forward from the lateral lobes, with a

finlike callus on the undersurface below the middle, the base truncate, minutely lobulate at the corners,

hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the

foot with a pair of minutely verrucose calli at the tip.

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Carpintera, Feb. 1924, C.H. Lankester 766 (Holotype: AMES); western slopes

of Volcan Turrialba, ca. 1867, A. Endres 578, fig. 50 (W); above the Tejar de Cartago toward Cristébal,

ca. 1867, A. Endres 40, sketch 552 (W); La Estrella, 26 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 39486 (AMES).

Guanacaste: road to Santa Elena, near Monteverde Science Center, alt. 1700 m, 26 Dec. 1985, P.M

Catling & V.R. Brownell C9.12 (AMES, DAO). Heredia: Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, alt.

2000 m, 22 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 49157, 49171 (AMES). Puntarenas: Santa Elena de

Monteverde, alt. 1500 m, 8 Aug. 1988, J.T. Atwood & W. Haber 88-36 oe K, SEL). San José:

Zurqui, alt. 200-2500 m, 13 Feb. 1926, P.-C. Standley & J. Valerio 48055 (AMES).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: sine loc., cultivated by J & L Orchids, 18 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2220

(SEL): Finca Chicoy north of Coban, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected and cultivated by O. Archila, Coban, 13

Feb. 1990, C. Luer 14634 (MO).

This species is frequent in Costa Rica, but infrequent in Guatemala where its

range overlaps that of Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer. It could be considered

merely an austral variation of the latter. The flowers of the two species are similar,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 119

differing only in the lip. The sides of the lip of M. strumosa (Ames) Luer are revo-

lute, sometimes with the minutely denticulate margins meeting beneath. The sides

of the lip of M. marginata are variously fringed and not revolute.

The illustration of Pleurothallis spectrilinguis [=Muscarella marginata] on the

type sheet at W clearly shows the differences. The flower is extremely similar to

that of Andean M. macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer, but the latter is readily distin-

guished by the distantly flowered inflorescence.

The illustration of the flower of Pleurothallis hastata [=Muscarella marginata]

published in 1908 with the original description is suggestive of M. strumosa, but the

illustration of the flower in a pane of four published in Orchids of Guatemala by

Ames and Correll is that of M. marginata with the long-fimbriate lip.

Muscarella stumpflei (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis stumpflei Luer, Selbyana 5: 182, 1979.

Ety.: Named in honor of Rudolph Stiimpfle of Lima, Peru, who exported this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis simulatrix Luer, Phytologia 55: 202, 1984.

Ety.: From the Latin simulatrix, ‘‘an imitator,”’ referring to the similarity to P. aristata and relatives.

Syn.: Specklinia simulatrix (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia stumpflei (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

: t small, epiphytic, pot te roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-8 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, ae to obtuse, 25-45 mm long

nla oo petiole 7-15 mm ica 6 10 mm wide, re base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflores-

ence an erect, loose, flexible, flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 8 cm long includ-

ender, m

spots, or season intensely striped with purple, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate,

e, acuminate, 6-10 mm long, 1.75-2.25 mm wide, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular-ovate, ob-

eek acute, a -attenuate, 6.5-10 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, barely connate basally; petals translucent,

metimes vein — i purple, bo er acute, serrate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip dark —

oblong, 3-3.5 mm long, | mm wide, long-ciliate above the middle, the apex convex, rounded, the m

gins near ee an an acute, ret angle or lobule, the disc shallowly sulcate, pubescent within the cleft

the base subtrunca te, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, terete, 3 mm long, the anther, rostellum

and cen ventral, the foot oboe dark purple.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud forest near Valladolid, alt. ca. 2500 m, collected

July 1975 by W. Teague, L. Figueroa & D. Welisch, flowered in cai a by H. Ripley in San Francis-

co, 18 Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4096 (Holotype: MO); sine loc., pres mably southern Ecuador, cultivated at

Predesur, Vilcabamba, 3 Nov. 1982, C. Luer 8268 (type of P. “ae : SEL).

PERU: sine loc., obtained by M. & O. Robledo from R. Sttimpfle, flowered in cultivation at La Ceja, 28

Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2344 (SEL).

This species is known from southeastern Ecuador and probably from somewhere

in northern Peru. The plant described as Pleurothallis simulatrix [=Muscarella

stumpflei] differs from Muscarella stumpflei in having smaller, prominently striped

flowers, instead of sparsely spotted flowers. Vegetatively similar to many other

members of the genus, this species is characterized by the long, loosely flowered

raceme of comparatively large flowers with long, pointed sepals; short, serrate

petals; and an oblong, dark purple, long-ciliate lip with a pair of small, pointed

lobes near the middle.

Muscarella tamboénsis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, comb, nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis tamboénsis Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 174, 1981

Ety.: Named for the municipality of El Tambo in the department of Cauca where the species was

collected.

Syn.: Specklinia tamboénsis (Luer & R.Escobar) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

120 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2 short, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 15-30 mm long including

an indistinct ar ca. 5mm long, 3mm bate the base cuneate into — petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, with a few longitudinal spots of red, carinate, with sparsely

and minutely subdenticulate margins, elliptical, acute, caudate, the dorsal sepal 4.25 mm long including

— tail ca. 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.25 mm long including the tail

a. 1 mm long, 1.5 mm long, connate at the base; petals translucent yellow with red midvein, elliptical,

anbnale, 3 mm long with the tail 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex obtuse, contracted into the slender

tail; lip dark purple, thick, oblong, 1.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the apex ee the disc longitudinally

channeled and pubescent within, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, light

green, 1.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot ie channeled.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Munic. of El Tambo, between Uribe and Quebraditas, ‘‘La Galera,”’ alt.

2400 m, R. Escobar et al. 1828 (Holotype: JAUM); same collection, cultivated at La Ceja by M. & O.

Robleda, . Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2324 (SEL).

aul

This species is known from only the Cauca in southern Colombia. In habit it is

similar to the other members of the genus, but it 1s distinguished by the loose,

flexuous, long-pedicellate raceme of successive flowers with caudate sepals and

petals; petals fimbriate below the tail; and a thick, oblong lip with a longitudinal

sulcus that is pubescent within and traversing the full length.

Muscarella tempestalis (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis tempestalis Luer, Selbyana 3: oa 77,

Ety.: From the Latin tempestalis, ‘“‘stormy weather,”’ referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Specklinia tempestalis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2 short, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 13-18 mm long including

the indistinct petiole, 4-5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiolate base. Inflorescence an erect,

loose, flexible, flexuous, successively several-flowered raceme, 4-5 cm long including the filiform

peduncle 1-2 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long;

ovary verrucose, | mm long; sepals translucent red-brown, with broadly denticulate-verrucose carinae,

the dorsal sepal oblong, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex acute, contracted into a slender tail

3.5 mm long, slightly thickened toward the tip, the ree sepals oblong-falcate, concave, 7 mm long,

mm wide together, connate 2.5 mm, the apices acute, contracted into spender tails 2.5 mm long; petals

translucent yellow with red midvein, elliptical, acute, fimbriate, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; lip thick,

ovoid-trilobed, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anterior lobe red-purple, verrucose, with the apex rounded,

the lateral lobes thick, erect, obtuse, in lower third, with a pair of verrucose, purple calli on the middle

third, with a smooth, orange band between the verrucose apex and verrucose calli, the base verrucose,

subcordate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, yellow, 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral, the foot thickly bilobed.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in dwarf forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2800 m, 6

March 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1570 (Holotype: SEL); Cajanuma range south of Loja, alt.

2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer - A. Hirtz 10746 (MO); east of oS east of Loja, alt. 2600 m, 21

Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16068 (MO); “El T ’ pass between Loja and

Zamora, alt. 2850 m, 28 Sept. 2004, Werner 1157 (GOET, MO, QCNE a

Apparently endemic at a high altitude in southeastern Ecuador, this species is

similar vegetatively to many of the others of the genus, but distinguished by the

loose, flexuous raceme with caudate sepals; short, fimbriate petals; and a thick,

verrucose lip with a distinctive smooth, orange belt between the verrucose apex and

verrucose calli on the center.

Muscarella trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis trullifera Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 190, 1996

Ety.: From the Latin trullifer, ““bearing a spoon,” referring to the shape of the lip like an inverted

ladle or spoon

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 121

Syn: Pleurothallis discalis Luer & J.Portilla, Selbyana 23: 35, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin discoid, “‘like a disc,”’ referring to the apex of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia discalis (Luer & J.Portilla) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260,

Syn.: Specklinia trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264,

2004.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4

mm long, enclosed by 2 short, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, spathulate-obovate, subacute, 12-

20 mm long including the petiole 5-7 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiolate base.

Inflorescence a prostrate to descending, creeping, lax, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 6 cm

long including the filiform peduncle 1-2 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract spicu-

late, 1 mm long; pedicel slender, ascending, 2-5 mm long; ovary spiculate, 0.75-1 mm long; sepals trans-

lucent yellow, carinate-spiculate, ciliate, ead in the outer thirds, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacute,

4 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals essentially free, elliptical, oblique, subacute, 4 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals translucent yellow, glabrous, ovate, acute, 3.5 mm long, | mm wide,

the margins lacerate below the middle, the apex long-acuminate, thickened in the distal 1 mm; lip pur-

column-foot; column terete, 2.25 mm long, winged at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral,

the foot obsolescent.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, epiphytic in wet forest east of Guismé, alt. 1,650

m, 21 May 1988, C. Luey, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13549 (Holotype: MO); ane

dillera del Condor, epiphytic in wet forest east of Guismé, alt. 1,500 m, 18 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Lue

A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11896 (MO); near Mayacu, alt. ca. 1600 m, cultivated at eee

Gualaceo, 7 Mar, 2001, C. Luer 19848 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, Napintza, alt.

1000 m, June 1991, A. Hirtz 5543A (MO); Cordillera del Condor, Paquisha, alt. ca. 1500 m, cultivated at

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 5 Mar, 2001, C. Luer 19699 (holotype of Pleurothalis discalis: MQ).

This species is apparently endemic in the Cordillera del Condor of southeastern

Ecuador, where it is related to the frequent and sympatric Muscarella samacensis

(Ames) Luer. It 1s readily distinguished from the latter by the yellow, tailless,

spiculate sepals that are thickened toward the apex. The minutely serrated petals

are attenuated above the middle with slightly swollen tips in plants found in the

original area, but without swollen tips found in an area farther south. The black lip

is spathulate with the apical third rounded and microscopically papillose. The

loose, successively flowered inflorescence creeps through the surrounding substrate.

Muscarella tsubotae (Luer & Ss Sona Luer, comb, nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis tsubotae Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 88, 1996.

Ety: Named for Shigenobu Tsubota of en Colombia, who collected and cultivated this species

Syn.: Specklinia tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-15 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, acute to

subacute, 3-4.5 cm long including the pedicel 1-1.5 cm long, 0.6-0.7 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate

into the petiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, arching, gradually lengthening, several-flowered raceme

of successive flowers, 10-23 cm long including the peduncle 8-9 cm long, from a node near the middle of

the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-2.5 mm long; pedicels 15-25 mm long; ovary 1.75 mm long; sepals pale,

translucent tan, suffused and dotted with purple, glabrous, membranous, caudate, the dorsal sepal oblong,

8.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, subacute, contracted above the middle into a slender tail 3 mm long, the

lateral sepals oblong, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 2.5 mm, subacute, contracted above the sai

into a slender tail 2.5 mm long; petals translucent, glabrous, ovate, acute, lacerate, 4 mm long, 1.75 m

wide; lip purple, thick, three-lobed, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex thick, convex and rou nd wit fae: re-

curved margins, the lateral lobes minute, erect, antrorse, below the middle, the disc with a deep, central

cavity between calli from the lateral lobes, the margins of the revolute sides and undersurface fimbriate

the base truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column green, slender, semiterete, 3

mm long, the foot short, thick, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

122 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Risaralda: collected near Pereira, flowered in cultivation by S. Tsubota near Pereira, 10

May 1993, C. Luer 16763 (Holotype: MO).

This species is allied to the widely distributed Muscarella aristata (Hook.) Luer,

but distinguished from it by a larger habit; an elongate, very long-pedicellate

raceme; fimbriate petals; and a thick lip bulbous at the apex and fimbriate beneath,

with tiny, acute lateral lobes, and with a deep, central excavation.

Muscarella villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis villosilabia Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23: 41, 2002

Ety.: From the Latin villosilabia, ‘‘with villous labellum,”’ referring to the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264,

2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3 mm long, en-

closed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to acute, 10-14 mm long

including the petiole ca. 2 mm long, 3-3.75 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiolate base. Inflores-

cence a suberect, flexible, loose, suicbessively few-flowered raceme, 2.5-3 cm long including the pedun-

cle ca. 1 cm long, from near the middle of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 4-5 mm long;

ovary 0.5 mm long; flowers purple; sepals glabrous, membranous, narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate-

caudate, the tails thrice = than the blade, the dorsal sepal 6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, the

lateral sepals oblique, 6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 0.3 mm at the base; petals elliptical-

ovate and long- no tina 7 the basal half, 2.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, with the apex obtuse,

abruptly contracted into a filame ocess; lip purple, oblong, with the margins densely long-villous,

obscurely lobed claw the middle, es 6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apex rounded, the disc shallowly

channeled between a pair of longitudinal calli from low, marginal, lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged

to the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 1 mm long, bicallous near the middle, the foot short,

thick, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: west of Macas, along new road toward Guamote, alt. 2300 m, 2 Mar.

2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19622 (Holotype: MO).

This tiny species is similar to the common and variable Muscarella zephyrina

(Rchb.f,) Luer, but it is distinguished from all the variations by a smaller habit; a

shorter, fewer-flowered inflorescence; all purple flowers; narrower sepals; long-

fimbriate petals; and an oblong lip with densely villous margins.

Muscarella werneri Luer, sp. n

Ety.: Named for Florian Werner, University of Bayreuth, wee collected this species at the Estacién

Cientifica San Francisco in the province of Zamora-Chinchipe.

a perparva, racemo flexuoso foliis ellipticis ion sepalis longicaudatis, petalis infra

ea labelilo obovato apice rotundo infra medium lobis uncinatis cum callo microscopice

iene piloso distinguitur.

nt very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by 2

thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 13-18 mm long including a

petiole 3-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous,

flexible, successively several-flowered raceme up to 40 mm long including the filiform peduncle ca. 10

mm long; floral bract 0.5 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long, minutely carinate-spiculate;

flowers translucent purple or pale yellow, sepals sparsely denticulate-carinate, ovate, acute, long-acu-

minate, the dorsal sepal 6 mm long, | mm wide, incompletely 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 7.5

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, I-veined, connate less than 1 mm; petals ovate and long-fimbriate in the basal

half, contracted into a filiform tail in the distal half, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip obovate,

trilobed, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the lateral lobes erect, uncinate, on lower fourth, flat above the

middle, the apex broadly rounded, the disc flat above the middle, with a wedge-shaped, brush-like callus

composed of a dense mass of microscopic pubescence between the lateral lobes extending forward to

near the middle, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.5 mm long,

with the foot 0.5 mm lon

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, near Estacién Cientifica San Francisco, alt

2100 m, 2 Oct. 2004, FA. Werner 1180 (Holotype: QCNE; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20981.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 123

This species 1s apparently endemic in the orchid-rich region near the pass

between Loja and Zamora. Vegetatively, it is similar to other tiny species of the

genus with a flexuous raceme that reaches beyond the leaves. As in many others,

the sepals are long attenuate-caudate, and the petals are long-fimbriate on the lower

half. The obovate lip with a broadly rounded apex and basal, uncinate lobes is

unique with a brush-like patch of a dense, microscopic pubescence below the

middle between the lobes.

Muscarella xanthella (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis xanthella Luer, Selbyana 1: 300.1 Ds

Ety.: From the diminutive of the Greek xanthos, “‘yellow,”’ referring to the small flowers.

Syn.: Specklinia xanthella (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 260, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, ae sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 8-12 mm long

including the petiole 3-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiolate base.

Inflorescence a fascicle of successive flowers borne be a slender, erect renee 20-25 mm long, from

near the middle of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals yellow with purple stripes, tall-carinate with the carinae sparsely jaca. thickened at the

apices, the dorsal sepal oblong, subacute to obtuse, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals

ovate, acute, oblique, 4.5-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 2 mm; petals translucent, veined in purple,

obovate, subacute, lacerate, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; lip yellow, thick, verrucose, cellular-papillose,

obscurely three-lobed, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex thick, convex, rounded, the sides broadly

rounded and suberect below the middle, the disc shallowly channeled centrally below the middle, the

base truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column yellow, slender, semiterete,

winged toward the apex, 3 mm long, the foot short, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventra

DOR: Napo: wet forest west of Tena, alt. 600 m, 26 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 456

(Holotype: SEL); Bermejo, alt. 450-600 m, Apr. 1990, A. Hirtz 4832 (MO); , C. Luer illustr. 15329.

This species is apparently confined to the lowlands of eastern Ecuador. With

the vegetatively similar habit, it is distinguished from others in the genus by the

congested inflorescence borne as a fascicle by a slender peduncle longer than the

leaves. The flowers are small with tall, distantly denticulate carinae on subacute

sepals. The petals are shortly fimbriate. The lip is thick and minutely verrucose.

ar eens xyloura Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek cane ‘woody tailed,” referring to the thick sepaline tails.

ta perparva caespito ti laxe successivifloro, sepalis anguste ovatis ad apicem in

cau cae incrassatam pr rodu cents peal ad basim breviter laceratis supra basim filiformibus clavella-

tis, et labello pandurato distinguit

nt very small, epiphytic, 1 t rse. Ramicauls erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 short, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, eel subacute, 10-15 mm long includ-

ing the petiole 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a prostrate to

descending, creeping, lax, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 5 cm long including the filiform

peduncle 1-2 cm long, borne from the ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel slender, 2 mm long;

ovary spiculate-crested, 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent light green, mottled with purple, carinate-spicu-

late, thickened in the outer thirds, the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, acute, 5.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate at the base, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, 5.5 mm long, 1.6 mm

wide, 2-veined; petals translucent, glabrous, obovate and shortly lacerate in basal third, abruptly con-

tracted to the filiform middle third, clavellate in distal third, 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip purple, pandu-

rate, 3.25 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the anterior third suborbicular, microscopically papillose and erose,

with a pair of erect carinae within the erect, obtuse margins of the basal third, cleft between, the base

truncate, with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged between to the column-foot; column semiterete, 2

mm long, hooded at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm lon

124 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Napo: between Rio Jatunyacu and Pano, alt. 800 m, 22 Feb. 2004, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 8683

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20962.

This very small species is known from only the original collection from lowland

eastern Ecuador. It is most similar to the common Muscarella samacensis (Ames)

Luer from surrounding territories. Both species produce a creeping, successively

flowered raceme of spiculate flowers, but the spicules are much reduced in M.

xyloura. The tails of the sepals are thickened in M. xyloura, and the fringe of the

petals is intense but short.

Muscarella zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis zephyrina Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 71, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek zephyros, ‘‘the west wind, a breeze,”’ possibly alluding to the habitat.

Syn.: Pleurothallis setigera Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 38, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin setiger, “‘bristle-bearing,’’ referring to the sepaline tails.

Syn.: Pleurothallis arachnantha Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 18, 1878.

Ety.: From the Greek arachnanthos, ‘“‘spider-flower,”’ referring to the appearance of the flower.

Syn.: Humboldtia arachnantha (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

.. Humboldtia setigera (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

.. Humboldtia zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis fimbripetala Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 385, 1916.

Ety.: From the Latin fimbripetalus, “‘with fimbriate petals,’’ for obvious reasons.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lauta Schltr., Repert. Spec v. Regni Veg. Beth. 7: 105, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin /autus, ‘‘neat, elegant,”’ ona to qualities of the species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis schistopetala Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 113, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek schistopetalon, “divided petals,’ referring to the fimbriate petals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis bulbophylloides Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 50, 1929.

Ety.: Named for a similarity Schlechter fancied between this species and the genus Bulbophyllum.

. Specklinia setigera (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

.. Specklinia zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 265, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 10-35 mm long

including the petiole 3-15 mm long, 2.5-4.5 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiolate base.

< <<

=o 6S

—< <<

5s 5

successive flowers, 5-10 cm long including the peduncle 2-4 cm long, from near the middle of the rami-

caul; floral bracts 0.5-1.5 mm long; pedicels 3-10 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent light

yellow-green, more or less suffused with purple in stripes along the veins, glabrous (occasionally with a

bristle), membranous, narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate-caudate, the tails as long as or longer than the

blade, the dorsal sepal 6-8 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the lateral sepals free to near the base, oblique, 6-8

mm long, 1-2 mm wide; petals translucent, often with the midvein purple, elliptical-ovate, variously

wie below the middle, 3-4 mm long, 0.8-1.5 mm wide; lip purple, three-lobed, subpandurate, 1.8-3

.8-1.25 mm wide, the apex ovate, obtuse, more or less cellular-glandular, with the lateral

lobes aan subacute to obtuse or rounded, on the lower third, the disc shallowly channeled between calli

from the lateral lobes, the margins of the revolute sides of the isthmus cellular to minutely lacerate, the

base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, semiterete, 1.5-1.75 mm long, the foot short,

thick, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

collecti elected from hundreds:

COLOMBIA: Santander: en H. Wagener s.n. (Holotype: W; Isotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 16997.

Antioquia: sine loc., Schmidtchen s.n. oe moist forest on Cerro Plateado, west Andes a ntioquia,

1800-2000 m, Oct. 1891, FC. Lehmann 7085 (K); west Andes of Antioquia, alt. 2800 m . Lehm

8206 (holotype of P. ae destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 14838). Covina

Monte Redondo near Quetame, alt. 1700 m, 27 July 1951, M. Schneider 256 (S). Magdalena: Santa

Marta, 1898-99, H.H. Smith 2482 (holotype of P. schistopetala: US; isotypes: BR, K, NY), C. Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 125

18803; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Quebrada Indiana, alt. ca. 1600 m, 30 Aug. 1972, J.H. Kirkbride,

Jr. 2005 (US). Cauca: El Tambo, La Costa, K. von Sneidern 813 (GB

VENEZUELA: Mérida: Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430- 2475 m, 22 Apr. 1944, J.A.

Steyermark 56025 (AMES, VEN); La Montafia study area, south of La Montafia Teleférico station, alt.

2450-2650 m, 28 July 1995, D. Kelly et al. 10443 (TCD). Sine loc., Sept. 1974, illustr. by G.C.K.

Dunsterville 1328.

ECUADOR: Carchi: above La Esperanza, west of El Carmelo, alt. 3200-3450 m, 9 Apr. 1979, B,

between Papallacta and Baeza, alt. 2800 m, 6 May 1967, B. Sparre 15892 (S); between Cuyuja and

Papallacta, alt. 2800-2900 m, 5 June 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. Lojtnant & B. Ollgaard

6888 (AAU). Pichincha: western slopes of Pichincha, Angué near Nanegal, alt. 6,000 ft., Mar. 1877,

F-C. Lehmann XXVHI (holotype of P. arachnantha: W, illustr.); bare cliff, valley of Lloa, A. Sodiro 28

1967, B. Sparre 14916 (S); Oyacachi, 2 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & M. Evans 6645 (MO); Angué,

near Nanegal, Sept. 1877, FC. Lehmann s.n. (W); Dos Novias between Aloag and Santo Domingo, alt.

2600 m, 21 Mar. 1967, B. Sparre 14916 (S). Pastaza: south of Puyo toward Macas, alt. 900 m, 28 Feb.

2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19559 (MO). Azuay: Sevilla de Oro, G. Harling 1349 (GB); Zamora-

Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1600 m, 21 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

Lojtnant & B. Ollgaard 4017 (AAU); above Valladolid toward Yangana, alt. 2300 m, | Feb. 1985, G.

Harling & L. Andersson 21421 (GB).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Hacienda Casana, alt. 1400 m, Jan. si O. Buchtien 7217 (holotype

of P. bulbophylloides destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: US); between Caranavi and Bella Vista,

alt. 1300 m, Aug. 1991, A. Hirtz 5574 (MO); Murillo, along Rio a alt. 2800 m, 30 Jan. 1988, C.

Luer, J. Luer, J. Solomon & R. Vasquez 12965 (MQ).

This concept, treated here as Muscarella zephyrina, consists of numerous, inter-

grading populations. It is common and widely distributed in the Andes. All are

basically similar, with varying degrees of fimbriations of the petals, and lobes of the

lip, those of no two populations being identical. Several populations have acquired

specific epithets. Most are too similar to be recognized, but some have evolved

sufficiently to be specifically distinct. The Central American counterpart, M. quin-

queseta (Ames) Luer, differs in having flowers with the tails, especially those of the

petals, being much longer.

The tufts of small, narrowly obovate leaves surpassed by a loose, flexuous

raceme of successive flowers are similar to many species in the Pleurothallidinae.

The sepals are glabrous, acute and acuminate into tails about as long as the blade.

The petals are elliptical with long-fringed margins with the apex contracted into a

slender tail about as long as the blade. Variations of the fimbriations led to the

descriptions of Pleurothallis fimbripetala Schltr., P. lauta Schltr. and P. schistope-

tala Schltr.

The lip is more or less pandurate-trilobed with a central constriction, or isthmus,

and with the apex obtuse or rounded. In the lower third below the constriction, the

margins of the lip are erect to form subacute, obtuse to rounded, lateral lobes. The

disc is superficially channeled between a low pair of calli that course forward from

the lateral lobes and across the central constriction. The most variable feature of the

lip is the margin at the isthmus. It is variously cellular, to ciliate, to fimbriate,

varying in degrees in the various populations. The isthmus of the lip is fimbriate in

the variation described as Pleurothallis lauta Schltr., but glabrous in the variations

described as P. fimbripetala Schltr. and P. schistopetala Schltr. All degrees of

intermediate variations are seen.

Pleurothallis bulbophylloides Schltr. almost certainly belongs here. The pedun-

cle was published as being five millimeters long, no doubt a typographical error for

five centimeters. The flower of the lectotype is in very poor condition, but identifi-

able.

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 50. Muscarella catoxys Fig. 51. Muscarella cestrochila

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 52. Muscarella claviculata Fig. 53. Muscarella clavigera

Fig. 54. Muscarella coeloglossa Fig. 55. Muscarella corynetes

128 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 58. Muscarella echinodes Fig. 59. Muscarella exesilabia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM : 129

ervey

weal

yeas

Fig. 62. Muscarella furcatipetala Fig. 63. Muscarella gongylodes

130

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 66. Muscarella ichthyonekys Fig. 67. Muscarella infinita

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ern ttage selee en cle AE TOR

(far tae Ere ate SO UAE

OP are, wing NE SD

ete ty etn

see,

aerate’,

og,

Fig. 69. Muscarella kennedyi

Fig. 71. Muscarella lipothrix

Fig. 70. Muscarella latilabris

[oz

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 74. Muscarella macroblepharis : Fig. 75. Muscarella marginata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 133

Fig. 78. Muscarella perangusta Fig. 79. Muscarella quinqueseta

134 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 82. Muscarella schudelii Fig. 83. Muscarella semperflorens

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

3mm 3mm,

Fig. 85b. Muscarella strumosa Fig. 86a. Muscarella stumpflei

Guatemala

136

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 86b. Muscarella stumpflei

Pleurothallis simulatrix

Fig. 88. Muscarella tempestalis

Fig. 89. Muscarella trullifera

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 137

—

Fig. 92. Muscarella werneri Fig. 93. Muscarella xanthella

138 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 95a. Muscarella zephyrina

Pleurothallis setigera

Fig. 95b. Muscarella zephyrina Fig. 95c. Muscarella zephyrina

Pleurothallis lauta P. fimbripetala, P. schistopetala

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 139

PABSTIELLA

Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas, Die Orchidee 27: 195, 1976.

Type: Pleurothallis mirabilis Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 274, 1918.

Ety.: Named for Guido Frederico Pabst (1914-1980), noted authority on the orchids of Brazil.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Mirabilia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 47, 1986.

Type: Pleurothallis mirabilis Schltr. [=Pabstiella mirabilis (Schltr.) Brieger & Senghas

This genus, widely distributed in the Andes and Brazil, is variable both vegeta-

tively and florally. Only three species north of Brazil with abbreviated ramicals are

treated here. The dorsal sepal is free, but the laterals are variously connate,

sometimes into a spur. The species with the deepest spur, described by Schlechter

as Pleurothallis mirabilis [=Pabstiella mirabilis (Schltr.) Brieger & Senghas], is the

type of the genus Pabstiella, which at that time was thought to be unispecific.

sae hdr ee (Lindl.) Luer, comb. i

othallis parvifolia Lindl., Comp. Bot. 2: 359, 1836.

ae Fro rom ae Latin parvifolius, “‘small-leaved,”’ in pacer ede to the foliage.

Syn.: Lepanthes cryptophyta Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 65, 1882.

Ety.: From the Greek cryptophytos, “hidden leaves,” referring to the small foliage.

Syn.: Humboldtia parvifolia (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subumbellata Cog 1. Soc. Bot. Belg. 43: 313, 1906 (1907).

Ety.: From the Latin subumbellatus, * oa umbelliform,”’ ae to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Pleurothallis succedanea Hoehne & Schltr., Archiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 1(3): 224, 1926.

Ety.: From the Latin succedaneus, “substituted,” referring to the successive inflorescence.

Syn.: Specklinia Sane (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

nt small, epiphytic, — roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, cori aceous, subcircular to broadly ee oo obtuse to

rounded at the apex, 8-15 mm long i ee a petiole 1-3 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, cuneate below into

the base. — a successively flowered facil, borne by a filiform peduncle 2- cm long, from

near the apex of a ramicaul; floral bracts 3-4 mm long; pedicels 4-7 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long;

sepals thickly ene ete light brown with thin ee veins, the dorsal sepal ee ae elliptical-oblong,

4.75-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral _ pre name ciliate, conna e into a bicar-

inate, ovate, obtuse, minutely bifid lamina, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals light

yellow, translucent, obovate, broadly obtuse or rounde a at the apex, 3- 4 mm long, 1 15. 2.5 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip purple, arcuate, elliptical with erect, rounded sides, obtu ded at the apex, 3.5-4.5 mm

long, 2-3.5 mm wide expanded, minutely verrucose above the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the

column-foot; column green, semiterete, 2-3 mm long, denticulate at the apex, the anther, rostellum and

stigma ventral, the foot elongated, 1.5 mm lon

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: ‘‘forests of Macahé and in all the interior of Brazil,’’ Descourtilz t. 24

(Holotype only a poor drawing: K, Isotype: AMES); sine loc., A. Glaziou 113bis (holotype of P. subum-

bellata: BR). Sao paulo Alto da Serra, Estag4o Biologica, Dec. 1920, A. Gehrt s.n. (holotype of P.

succedanea destroye d at B; lectotype here designated: SP-4599); Alto da Serra, 15 Nov. 1921, A. Gehrt

s.n. (AMES, SP- 4599), C. Luer illustr. 19093. Sine loc,, Toscano 659 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16953.

ECUADOR: Napo: Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5361

(MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, southeast of Paquisha, Mayaicu, alt. 1070 m, 20 May

1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13494 (MO).

COLOMBIA: sine loc., cultivated by the Robledos at La Ceja, 13 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2187 (SEL).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Rio Paragua, Salto Mahigia, 300 m, illustr. Oct. 1965, G.C.K. Dunsterville 954.

This little species occurs in Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and

Venezuela. It is characterized by the small, subcircular to broadly elliptical leaves

borne by very short ramicauls and far surpassed by a filiform peduncle that bears a

congested, umbelliform raceme of successive flowers. The lateral sepals are obtuse

and connate to an elongated column-foot to form a mentum. The petals are large,

fleshy, three-veined, and broadly rounded at the apex, an exception in the genus.

The lip is arcuate, broadly elliptical, obtuse, and minutely verrucose within.

Illustration: Fig. 97, herein, C. Luer illustr. 13494.

140 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

sae deb ac peaye (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis tripterantha Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: a 1854.

Ety.: a. the Greek tripteranthos, ‘‘three-winged flower,”’ referring to the tall-carinate ovaries and

sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tripterygia, Rchb.f., ponplandia 2: 24, 1854.

Ety.: From the Greek triptergion, “‘three-finned,”’ referring to the finlike carinae of the sepals and

Syn.: Pleurothallis procumbens Lindl., Folia Orch. eds iil 251659,

Ety.: From the Latin procumbens, “‘leaning forward or downward,”’ referring to the scandent habit.

Syn.: Lepanthes tricarinata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 43, 1882, not P. tricarinata Poepp.

& Endl., 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin tricarinatus, ‘‘tricarinate,’’ referring to the ovary and sepals.

Syn.: Humboldtia procumbens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia tripterantha (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia tripterygia (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis trialata Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 500, 1896, replaced name for

Lepanthes tricarinata Barb.Rodr.

Ety.: From the Latin trialatus, “* three-winged,”’ referring to the flowers and ovaries.

Syn.: Masdevallia tricarinata Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 456, 1899, not P. tricarinata

Poepp. & Endl., 1836.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hamata Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 24: 187, 1916, nomen nudum; ex Ames, Sched. Orch.

3: 8;

Ety.: From the Latin hamatus, “‘hooked at the tip,”’ in allusion to recurving of tips of some sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis medellinensis Schlitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 236, 1920.

Ety.: Named for the city of Medellin, Colombia, near where the species was collected.

Syn.: Masdevallia carpophora Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 427, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek carpophoros, “‘fruit-bearing,”’ referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Masdevallia aperta Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 430, “1921,

Ety.: From the Latin apertus, ‘‘open,”’ referring to the open flower as compared to those closed.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hunteriana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 20, 1922.

Ety.: Named for a Mr. Hunter, collector of this species

Syn.: Pleurothallis apenia ee aCe) MES) poles: yew 7:17, 1924.

Syn.: ‘pophorum (Kraenzl. ) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 251, 1967.

Syn.: An ther ereon tripteranthus (Rchb. f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Ch ase, Lindleyana 16: 252, 2001:

Syn.: Specklinia tripterantha (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264, 2004.

Plant small to large, epiphytic, shortly repent to caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender or

stout, 0.5-3 cm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical to narrow-

ly obovate, subacute to acute, 5-18 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into an ill-defined

petiole 1-5 cm long. Inflorescence a lax, simultaneously few- to many-flowered raceme, 3-44 cm long,

including the peduncle 2-10 cm long, produced laterally from the ramicaul; flowers often cleistogamous;

floral bracts 3-5 mm long; pedicels 4-8 mm long; ovary 2-4 mm long, thickly tall-winged; sepals fleshy,

tall-carinate, green or yellow-green, variously mottled, spotted or dotted with purple, brown, or red,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly scaphoid, acute, concave, 7-22 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, 1-2 mm

ae fea free from or adherent to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, acute, con-

e 5-11 mm, or adherent above the middle, into a bifid, scaphoid synsepal, 7-22 mm long, 4-7.5 mm

va one petals translucent yellow or white, variously spotted or veined in red or purple, gla-

brous, elliptic-obovate, acute, 2-6 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, 2- to 3-veined; lip white, dotted with purple,

narrowly elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 4-8 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, shallowly sulcate between low,

minutely verrucose calli along the middle third to near the apex, the apex minutely verrucose, the base

truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column longitudinally winged, 2-5 mm long, dentate at the apex,

the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1-2 mm lon

VENEZUELA: “‘Caracas,”’ alt. 5,000 ft., May 1852, H. Wagener 120 (Holotype: W); ‘‘Caracas,”’ H.

Wagener 145 (holotype of P. tripterygia: W); sine loc., Lansberg s.n. (W). Zulia: Sierra de Perijé, Rio

Omira-Kuné, alt. 1500-1800 m, 27 Mar. 1972, J.A. Steyermark & G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 105667

(AMES, VEN). Sine loc., collected by A. Mejia, cultivated in Medellin, Colombia, 7 Oct. 1977, C. Luer

1939 (SEL)

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE | 14]

PANAMA: Chiriqul: sine loc., alt. 4,500 ft., Feb. 1923, C.W. Powell 277 (AMES, MO); alt. 4,500 ft.,

Oct., C.W. Powell 245 (AMES); alt. 4,000 ft., 6 July 1919, C.W. Powell 109 (holotype of P. hunteriana

destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES, ao K); headwaters of Rio Chevo, Finca

Ojode Auga, alt. 1650 m, 9 Oct. 1981, S. Knapp 1458 (M

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: La Palma, Rio Blanco oe Santa Rosa and San Luis, alt. 1400 m, 18 Apr.

1961, C. Horich 60-9-21 (MO). Cartago: Rio ues above the San Marcos bridge, ca. 1867, A.

Endres s.n. (holotype of Masdevallia aperta: W). San José: Candelaria, Taburcia, also Rio Parrita,

Dota, ca. 1867, A. Endres s.n. (W); sine loc., A. Endres s.n. (W: as ‘“‘P. trionychia’’). Sine loc., flowered

in cultivation at K, 31 July 1916, C. Lankester 350-15 (holotype of P. hamata: W; isotype: AMES);

cultivated at K, 2 Aug. 1922 (K).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: terrestrial, around Hato Viejo near Medellin, alt. 1800 m, F.C. Lehmann 8240

(holotype of Masdevallia tricarinata destroyed at B); Quebrada Agua Clara, near Palmira, alt. 5,000-

6,000 ft., Oct. 1877, FC. Lehmann 134 (W). Antioquia: Alto Murinde, collected by L.C. Vieira, culti-

vated in Medellin, 25 Oct. 1979, C. Luer 4338 (SEL); Frontino, collected by H. Angarita, cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 16 May 1993, C. Luer 16883 (MO). Sine loc., cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La

Ceja, 9 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13090 (M

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: southeast of Patata overlooking Bajfios, alt. 3070 m, 2 June 1971, B. Mac-

Bryde 405 (AMES). Napo: between Baeza and Cosanga, alt. 1800 m, 14 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 11267 (MO).

ERU: Muna: alt. 7,000 ft., 23 May-4 June 1923, J.F. Macbride 4038 (AMES, F). Junin: Colonia

Perene, alt. 680 m, 14-22 June 1929, E-P. Killip & A.C. Smith 25092 (AMES, US). Amazonas: Chacha-

oyas, between Ingenio and Pomacochas, alt. 1700 m, 28 May 1963, A. Ldpez, A. Segdstegui & V.

Collantes 4277 (AMES, HUT).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare, between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1200 m, 17 Jan. 1988,

C. Luer, J. Luer & R. hie es 12855 (MO). Santa Cruz: south of Yapacanf, alt. 650 m, 7 Sept. 1991, C.

Luer, J. Luer, L. Moreno & D. Ric 15404 (MO).

BRAZIL: Rio de tac eiro: forest at Cantagallo near Rio de Janeiro, B. Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of

Lepanthes tricarinata is Agee es’s illustration); sine loc., A. Glaziou 14325 (BR); Alto Macahé, Jan.

1891, A. Glaziou s.n. (BR). Parana: Guaraquegaba, Serrinha, 9 Aug. 1967, G. Hatschbach 16880 (C).

Sao Paulo: ee Tres Ponce 28 May, 1927, F.C. Hoehne s.n. (AMES, SP-20572).

This species is relatively frequent in its wide distribution in tropical America at

moderate altitudes. Individuals and populations vary greatly in size, both florally

and vegetatively. The ramicauls are much shorter than the narrow leaves they bear.

The inflorescence is pendent or arching, and more or less simultaneously flowered

with the flowers commonly cleistogamous. The sepals are fleshy with a tall carina

that includes the ovary. The petals and lip are simple. Both Reichenbach and

Lindley recognized this species in Pleurothallis R.Br.

Reichenbach described the first two variations simultaneously, the first epithet

being accepted. Kranzlin described variations of the species three times in Masde-

vallia Ruiz & Pav., and Garay transferred one of these names to Scaphosepalum

Pfitzer. Pridgeon (2001) proposed Anthereon Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, an illegiti-

mate, polyphyletic genus, with Pleurothallis tripterantha Rchb.f. [=Pabstiella trip-

terantha (Rchb.f.) Luer] as the holotype. Anthereon is illegitimate, because the

holotype of another genus, Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas, was included as one of

the six species.

Illustration: Icones-III: 94, 1986, Plate 49, C. Luer illustr. 10267, and variations, Fig. 98a, 98b,

herein, C. Luer illustr. 4338, 13090.

saa ilar at habeas (Barb.Rodr.) F.Barros, eae or 296, 2002.

yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr., Vellosia ed. 2: 117

ane N mae i Rio Yauapery where the species was collect ed.

Syn.: Pleurothallis mentosa Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 400, 1896

Ety.: From the Latin mentosus, ‘‘with chin,” referring to the conspicuous mentum.

Syn.: Anthereon mentosus (Cogn.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, eae 1G: 252,200].

Syn.: Specklinia mentosa (Cogn.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. B uri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect to suberect, 6-12 m

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, elliptical to broadly elliptical

obtuse, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into 1-5 mm long petiole. Inflorescence an

142 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

erect to arching, subflexuous, successively, many-flowered raceme, to 12 cm long, including the pedun-

cle 3-5 cm long, borne from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, tubular, 2 mm long; pedicel 6-10 mm long;

ovary 3.5 mm long; flowers resupinate or non-resupinate; sepals yellow-green, flecked with purple,

glabrous, carinate externally, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, concave, 8-9 mm long, 3 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovoid, concave, obtuse oa acuminate, minutely bifid

synsepal, 9-10 mm long, 5-6 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined, ana connate to the column-foot for a

prominent, retrorse mentum; petals white, veined in purple, entire, oblong-obovate, obtuse, 4-4.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip white with purple flecks, obcuneate-obtriangular, broadly truncate at

the apex, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide across the apex, the disc somewhat thickened with a pair of low,

obscure, longitudinal calli on the middle third, with an obtuse, the base narrowly cuneate-truncate,

hinged to the column-foot; column white, semiterete 4 mm long, longitudinally winged with the apex

cucullate, the foot 2 mm long, retrorse, the anther and stigma ventral.

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Yauapery near Chichinahu, B. Rodrigues s.n. (Holotype is Rodrigues’s illustra-

tion): sine . E. Ule 5772 (BR); cultivated at the S40 Paulo Botanical Garden, Jan. 1997, C. Luer

18125 (M

VENEDUELA Amazonas: Rio Orinoco above Tama-Tama, alt. 150 m, 22 June, 1959, J.J. Wurdack &

L.S. Adderley 43134 (AMES, NY).

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua, Montenegro on the Rio Marafion, Km 278 east of Olmos, alt. 300 m, 23 Jan.

1964, P.-C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 3739 (AMES, UC).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: sine loc., collected by Fred Fuchs, Jr., 1974, C. Luer 274 (SEL).

Described from along a tributary of the Amazon in Brazil, this species occurs

across the Amazon basin from Peru and Bolivia in the west to Venezuela in the

north. The long-pedicellate, flexuous raceme surpasses the leaves; and the flowers

are conspicuously mentose with a wedge-shaped lip within the concave synsepal.

Illustration: Fig. 99, herein, C. Luer illustr. 18125.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

143

/ @

1090

i |. —

Fig. 98. Pabstiella tripterantha

2mm

Fig. 99. Pabstiella yauaperyensis

144 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PANMORPHIA

Panmorphia Luer, gen. n

Type: Epidendrum anne Sw., Prodr. 122, 1788.

Ety.: From the Greek panmorphius, ‘“‘of all forms,” referring to the diverse morphology.

Plantae caespitosae vel repentes. Racemus congestus vel laxus. Bracteae floralium saepe glandulo-

sae vel pubescentes. Sepala lateralia connata vel divergentia. Petala integra ciliata vel alae

Labellum ee heen callosum canalliculatum, ad basim plerumque lobulat

Syn.: Pl lli klini t. Muscosae Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 82, 1842.

Type: Epi idendrum sertularioides Sw., Prodr. 122, 1788.

Ety.: Sectional name from the Latin muscosus, “‘mossy,”’ referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Palmoglossum Klotzsch ex Rchb.f., nomen tantum, Xenia Orch. 1: 174, 1856.

Type: Pane ais crassifolia Klotzsch ex Rchb.f., Xenia Orch. 1: 174, 1856.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. Bipaleolatae Pabst, Orch. Bras. 153, 1975, nomen nudum.

ee : Pleurothallis sect. Subumbellatae Pabst, Orch. Bras. 153, 1975, nomen nudum.

ery small, small, medium to large, epiphytic, lithophytic to terrestrial, caespitose to long-

creeping, loosely to densely flowered, simultaneously to successively flowered, shorter or longer than the

leaf, produced from a small, inc conspic uous fae below but near the apex . the sai Mees an

O1 times glandular; litewien ay o elongate, etimes

glandular; ovary tricarpellate, terete; “isis aba ciliate, o ie acute, hu not

bab}

—

sab)

—=

—

above the middle, to shallowly channeled between low calli, or rarely featureless, the base more or less

truncate, often with a lobule at the corners, usually delicately hinged to the column-foot; colu lon-

gate, semiterete, with the margins variously winged, the apex entire to variously denticulate, the anther

ventral, deciduous, the rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot is free of calli, the pollinia 2, ovoid, free, or

more or less lightly adherent to minute viscidia.

The species of Panmorphia Luer are distributed from southern Mexico, through

Central America, the West Indies, and all South America south to Argentina, from

sea level to altitudes over 3000 meters. Several affinities among the species can be

recognized, but there is a continuum of variations among them.

Vegetatively, the species are caespitose or repent, with well-developed rami-

cauls developing among one group. The raceme is variable from loose to congested,

as in Sarcinula Luer, strict to flexuous, shorter to longer than the leaf. The sepals

are obtuse to acute. The lateral sepals are connate, semiconnate, or diverging. The

petals are usually single-veined, sometimes ciliate or pubescent, but neither denticu-

late nor fringed. The lip most often has a longitudinal callus that is frequently

channeled toward the middle, and typically elevated at the base like a sun-dial,

frequently ciliate, often with marginal angles that are sometimes developed into

lobes, and usually with lobules at the corners of the base. The column-foot is

without a pair of calli.

Illustrations of species attributed to Panmorphia

New combinations for Brazilian species not illustrated herein follow on page 177,

Panmorphia abbreviata (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 100.

Panmorphia angulosa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 101.

Panmorphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 102a, 102b.

Panmorphia brevipes (H.Focke) Luer Fig. 103

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE | 145

Panmorphia burzlaffiana (Luer & Sijm) Luer Fig. 104.

Panmorphia casualis (Ames) Luer Fig. 105.

Panmorphia caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 106.

Panmorphia clandestina (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 107.

Panmorphia comayaguensis (Ames) Luer Fig. 108.

Panmorphia cuspidata (Luer) Luer Fig. 109.

Panmorphia dalessandroi (Luer) Luer Fig. 110.

Panmorphia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer Fig. 111,

Panmorphia endresii (Luer) Luer Pie. die.

Panmorphia escalarenis (Carnevali & Luer) Luer Fig. 113.

Panmorphia fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 114.

Panmorphia francesiana (Luer) Luer Fig. 115.

Panmorphia funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer Fig. 116a, 116b.

Panmorphia grayumii (Luer) Luer Fig. 1

Panmorphia haberi (Luer) Luer Fig. 118.

Panmorphia herpethophyton (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 119.

Panmorphia holstii (Carnevali & I.Ramirez) Luer Fig. 120.

Panmorphia humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 121.

Panmorphia imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 122a, 122b.

Panmorphia inversa (Luer) Luer Fig, 12

Panmorphia involuta (L.O.Williams) Luer Fig 124.

Panmorphia iota (Luer) Luer Fig 125.

Panmorphia jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer Fig. 126.

Panmorphia kuhniae (Luer) Luer Pig. 127.

Panmorphia lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 128.

Panmorphia lewisiae (Ames) Luer Fig. 129.

Panmorphia mazei (Cogn.) Luer Fig. 130.

Panmorphia megalophora (Luer) Luer Fig. 131.

Panmorphia millipeda (Luer) Luer Fig. 132.

Panmorphia minima (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig, 133.

Panmorphia minutalis (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 134.

Panmorphia muricaudata (Luer) Luer Fig. 135a, 135b.

Panmorphia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer Fig. 136.

Panmorphia oblanceolata (L.O.Williams) Luer Fig. 137.

Panmorphia pachyphyta (Luer) Luer Fig. 138.

Panmorphia polygonoides (Griseb.) Luer Fig. 139.

Panmorphia rabei (Foldats) Luer Fig. 140a, 140b.

Panmorphia reptilis (Luer & Dalstr6m) Luer Fig. 141.

Panmorphia ricii (Luer & Vasquez) Luer Fig. 142.

Panmorphia sanchezii Luer & Hirtz Fig. 143.

Panmorphia seriata (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 144.

Panmorphia sertularioides (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 145.

Panmorphia steinbuchiae (Carnevali & G.A.Romero) Luer Fig. 146.

sh el aoa abbreviata (Schltr. ) Luer, comb. no

euro is abbreviate Repert. Spec. Nov. oa Veg. - 352, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin abbreviatus, ‘ ‘shortened,’ oa to the ramica

Syn.: Anathallis abbreviata (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, vice 16: 247, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia abbreviata (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258, 2004.

nt very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 10-15 mm long including

a petiole ca. 2 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested,

distichous, successively many-flowered raceme, i 14 mm long, borne i. a slender peduncle 12-17 mm

long; pedicels 0.8 mm long; floral bracts minutely verrucose, 0.75-1 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long;

flowers deep purple; sepals glabrous except for an occasional, cellular verruca externally, low-carinate,

the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, obtuse, concave, 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral iis

connate to above the middle into an ovate, concave, shallowly bifid lamina with one apices, 2.5m

146 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

long, 2.25 mm wide, 4-veined; petals obliquely obovate, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex

obtuse, oblique, shortly acuminate with cellular margins; lip fleshy, oblong, subtrilobed, 1.8 mm long,

.6 mm wide, the margins cellular-fimbriate with a small, erect, obtuse lobe on the basal third, the apex

bilobed, the disc channeled between a pair of longitudinal calli that terminate as the apical lobes, the base

minutely bi-auriculate, delicately hinged beneath to the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.5 mm long,

longitudinally winged above the middle with the apex minutely denticulate, the foot less than 1 mm long,

he anther and stigma ventral.

added te ou Verapaz: near Coban, alt. ca. 4,400 ft., Nov. 1877, H. von Tiirckheim 10 (Holo-

type destroyed ectotype here designated: W); between Petet and Samac, alt. 4,800 m, Apr. 1878,

H. vov anne . (AMES, W); collected near Coban, Escalera, by O. Mittlestaedt, Homies in culti-

vation, 13 Feb. 1990, C. Luer 14603 (MO).

MEXICO: Chiapas: Lago Tziscao, alt. 1500 m, 28 Oct. 1977, E.W. Greenwood & J.P.M. Brenan 59707

(AMO), C. Luer illustr. 19174.

This very small, caespitose species, apparently uncommon and confined to

Guatemala and adjacent Chiapas of Mexico, is distinguished by the densely and

successively flowered raceme that eventually surpasses the leaf about twice its

length. The sepals are obtuse, the laterals being connate into a synsepal. The petals

are broad and sharply short-acuminate. Most distinguishing are the two longitudin-

al calli on the lip that protrude at the apex as two lobes.

sles ee angulosa (Luer . a ae Luer, comb. nov

othallis angulosa Luer & Hirtz, Lindleya na 11: 146, 1996.

Ely. ies the Latin angulosus, full of angles,”’ referring to the flexuous rachis.

Syn.: Specklinia angulosa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, up to 10 cm long, 5-8 mm long between ramicauls,

enclosed by deciduous sheaths; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, ascending, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by 1-2

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, fleshy, elliptical, obtuse, 12-15 mm long, 6-8 mm wide,

the base broadly cuneate into a petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflorescence an erect, zigzag, loose,

successively several-flowered raceme up to 35 mm long including the peduncle 2-3 mm long, ae

laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract oblique, 2.5 mm long; pedicel stout, 3 mm long; ovary 1.5 m

long; sepals light red-brown, thickly fleshy, carinate, non-spreading, glabrous to microscopically oe

cent externally, the dorsal sepal ovate, narrowly acute, 7 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, connate to the lateral

sepals for 1 th ral onnate 1.

e lateral sepals conn 5 mm, narrowly , acute, oblique, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide; petals light red-brown, purple toward the apex, glabrous, ovate, e, shortly acuminate, 3 mm lo

ng, 1.2 mm wide; lip light brown with margins and center purple, elliptical, 2.25 m ng, 1m

} ; apex rounded, di

shallowly sulcate between a pair of low parallel calli, the base subcordate, bilobulate, delicately hinged

to the column-foot; column broadly winged, 2.5 mm long, the foot thick, 0.5 mm long, the anther, rostel-

lum and stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: ene ee in wet forest on the west slope of Volcan Illiniza, alt. ca. 2700 m,

collected by A. Hir n cultivation in Quito, 7 Apr. 1985, C. Luer 11131 (Holotype: MO).

This species is uncommon, known only from the original collection. It is distin-

guished from the other species of the present genus under discussion by the long-

repent habit and zigzag racemes that eventually reach a length twice taller than the

leaves. The sepals are thick, fleshy and carinate; the petals are shortly acuminate;

and the elliptical lip 1s ciliate with a small pair of lobes below the middle plus the

usual pair of lobules at the base.

Panmorphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis barbulata Lindl., Folia Orch. Peele 40, 1859, replaced for P. barba-

ta H.Focke,

Ety.: From the Latin barbulata, *‘little-bearded,”’ referring to the ciliate lip.

Syn.: Humboldtia barbulata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis barbata H.Focke, Bot. Zeit. 8: 227, 1853, not P. barbata Westc., 1841.

Ety.: From the Latin barbatus, “bearded,” ot to the ciliate li

Syn.: Pleurothallis abjecta Ames, Sched. Orch 25, 1923;

Ety.: From the Latin, abjectus, “‘of low esteem,’ sae cp to the small habit.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 147

Syn.: Pleurothallis ciliilabia Schlitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 185, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin ciliilabius, ‘“‘ciliate-lipped,”’ referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis nubensis Foldats, Acta. Bot. Venez. 3: 384, |

Ety.: From the Latin nubes, ‘“‘cloud,”’ referring to the foggy habitat.

Syn.: Pleurothallis minutissima Luer, Orquideologia 20: 218, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin minutissimus, ‘extremely small,’’ referring to the size of plant and flower.

Syn.: Anathallis barbulata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 247, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

Syn.: Specklinia minutissima (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 5-8 mm long

the middie: ce 5-2.25 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; lip maroon, oblong, ciliate, 1.2-2.25 mm long, 0.5-0.6

mm wide, the apex rounded, the margins thin and erect below the middle, the disc with a pair of longitu-

dinal calli, in apposition at the base, slightly diverging toward the apex, the base bilobulate, hinged to the

column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1-1.5 mm long, the anther and

the stigma ventral

SURINAME: Paramaribo, 31 Oct. 1852, illustration of Pleurothallis barbata by H.C. Focke s.n. (Holo-

type of 7 barbata = illustr. by H.C. Focke: K); Paramaribo, | June 1852, illustr. of P. barbata by H.C.

Focke s

FRENCH GUIANA: Sous bois, Layon de chasse au NE d’Antecume Pata, confluent de I’ Itany et du

Marouini, 19 Nov. 1977, G. Cremers 5070 (CAY); Vallée de la Haute Approuague, Massif des Emeril-

lons, 16 Dec. 1983, C. Feuillet 1287 (CAY); Montagne de Kaw, alt. 280 m, 12 May 1986, C. Luer & J.

Luer 12236 (MO).

GUYANA: Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek near Bartica, alt. near sea level, 13 Sept. 1929, N. Y.

Sandwith 252 (K); Bartica-Potaro road, 18 Aug. 1937, N.Y. Sandwith 1118 (K).

VENEZUELA: Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, J.A. Steyermark 99482 (holotype of P. nubensis: VEN).

COLOMBIA: Cauca: near Hatico, above Popayan, alt. 5,000 ft., 20 Nov. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n.

(AMES); Valle del Cauca: forest of Las Juntas del Dagua, west Andes of Cali, alt. 200-500 m, undated,

E-C. Lehmann 8204 (holotype of P. minutissima: K), C. Luer illustr. 17297, 1

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: west of Lita toward San Lorenzo, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. . 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz et al. 12379 (MO). Imbabura: Lita, alt. 700 m, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15165 (MO). Napo:

Rio Cascales east of Lumbaqui, alt. 450 m, 8 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 11757 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutuct, between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 18 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 13994 (MO). Azuay: Cordillera del Molleturo, above Rio Shuri-

mal, alt. 650 m, 27 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16177 (MO).

PERU: San Martin: Moyobamba, along Rio Mayo, alt. 815 m, 9 Dec. 1990, D. Bennett et al. 4771 (MO).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, north of Caranavi toward Alto Beni, alt. 1550, 26 June 1988, C. Luer,

J. Luer, J. Solomon. et al. 12935 (MO); Sur Yungas, along Rio La Paz toward Asunta, alt. 900 m, 6 Mar.

1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 9501 (MO); Larecaja: above Tipuani, alto Llipi, alt. 1350 m, A.

Hirtz, J. del Hierro & W. Teague s.n. (MO). Cochabamba: new road from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba,

alt. 1320 m, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez et al. 18340 (MO). Santa Cruz: south of Yapacani, alt. 650 m,

7 Sept. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, L. Moreno & D. Ric 15401 (MO

MEXICO: Chiapas: El Real, east of Ocosingo, 14 July 1954, RL. Dressler 1414 (AMES); Mon

Libano, east of Ocosingo, 16 July, 1954, R.L. Dressler 1426 (AMES); near Pe oad Cait

southeast of Cerro Libano, alt. 950 m, 20 July-20 Aug. 1954, R.L. Dressler 1473 (AM

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: vicinity of Chama, alt. 900 ft., 5 Aug. 1920, H. pm 905 (holotype

of P. abjecta: AMES; isotype: US).

HONDURAS: Comayagua: Malcotal, Minas de Oro, alt. 4200 ft., 5 July 1932, J.B. Edwards 195

(AMES).

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: San Ramon, Calera, Sept. 1867, E. Endres 35, 45, 67 (W); heights around San

Ramon, ca. 1867, A. Endres 24, sketch 158 (W); Alto de La Calera de San Ramén, alt. 850 m, Dec. 1921,

A.M. Brenes 215 (holotype of P. ciliilabia presumably destroyed at B; Lectotype here designated:

AMES, illustr. of type). Cartago: Orosi, 30 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 39708 (AMES). Guanacaste: El

Arenal, alt. 485-600 m, 19 Jan. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 45244 (AMES); Naranjos Agrios, alt.

600-700 m, 29 Jan. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 46442 (AMES). San José: Quebradillas north of

Santa Maria de Dota, alt. 1800 m, 24 Dec. 1925, P.C. Standley 43106 (AMES). Puntarenas: road to

San Luis, alt. 1380 m, 22 Mar. 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & G. Barbosa 17470 (MO); Montever-

da Community, Lowther property, alt. 1475 m, 19 July 1989, J.T. Atwood 89-299 (MO, SEL).

148 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This tiny species is relatively frequent and widely distributed through Central

and South America at lower altitudes than most of its relatives. Focke’s illustra-

tions made in Suriname in 1852 are accurate. It is characterized by the minute,

caespitose habit with elliptical leaves borne by short ramicauls. The flower is

produced successively in a congested, fasciculated raceme at the tip of the pedun-

cle; the sepals are glabrous with the laterals mostly connate; the petals are acute and

minutely ciliate; and the protruding lip is oblong, longitudinally callous and ciliate.

Panmorphia brevipes (H.Focke), Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis brevipes H.Focke, Tijdschr. Wis- aoe Wetensch. 2: 198, 1849.

Ety.: ne the Latin brevipes, “‘short-foot,’’ referring to the ramicaul shorter than the leaf.

Syn.: Lepanthes modesta Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 62, 1882.

Ety.: From the Latin modestus, ° ‘modest,” referring to the humble appearance of the plant.

Syn.: Humboldtia brevipes (H.Focke) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, see

Syn.: Pleurothallis modesta (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 449, 1

Syn.: Anathallis brevipes (Focke) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, oe 16: 247, 2

Syn.: Specklinia brevipes (H.Focke), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. a o 259, 2004.

ant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-4 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 ribbed, closely fitting, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, sometimes dotted with purple, ellipti-

cal to narrowly elliptical, acute, 2-5.5 cm long including a petiole 0.5-1 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, cu-

neate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a successively 3- to 7-flowered raceme up to 2.5 cm long

including the peduncle 1-5 mm long, from a node below the abscission layer; floral bracts 2-3 mm long;

pedicel 2-3 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals fleshy, rosy yellow, brownish yellow, or orange,

glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5-6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-(5-)veined, the later-

al sepals connate below the middle, ovate, oblique, acute, 5-6.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 2-(4-)veined;

sia yellow, red at the tip, elliptical-ovate, more or less minutely erose on the upper margin, acute, 3-4

m long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip red-purple, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 2 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide,

aa the margins slightly dilated and minutely ciliate-serrulate below the middle, disc shallowly sulcate,

the base subtruncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.5-2 mm long,

winged above the middle, denticulate-fimbriate at the apex, with the anther, rostellum and stigma hooded

and ventral, the foot 0.5-1 mm

sab)

SURINAME: Paramaribo, 31 Oct. 1845, H.C. Focke 69 illustr. (Holotype: W).

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: mountains near Rodeio, B. ee igues s.n. (holotype of P. modesta = illustr. of

B. Rodrigues). Para: Wullschlaegel 1589 (AMES, BR

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, north of Caranavi a Alto Beni, alt. 1550, 26 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J.

Luer, R. Vasquez & J. Solomon 12937 (MO). Santa Cruz: near Samaipata, collected by Fred Fuchs, Ir,

flowered in cultivation 5 July 1974, C. Luer 236 (SEL

COLOMBIA: sine loc., cultivated in Medellin by A. Mejfa, 9 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 196] (SEL). Meta:

Munic. Puerto Rico, cultivated in Medellin by R. Londofio, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14303 (MO).

ECUADOR: Pastaza: south of Puyo toward Macas, alt. 950 m, 28 Feb. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

19557 (MO). Morona-Santiago: near Sucua, alt. ca. 900 m, collected and cultivated in Macas by A.

Zhiminaicala, 1 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19594 (MO); near Pangui, alt. 600 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera,

Gualaeeo, Apr. — A. on ade (MO).

PE mazonas: Bagua of Abra Huahuajin pass, Rio Marafion highway below Montenegro,

alt. 800 m, 21 Jan. 1961, pete fa 1964, P.C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 3700 (AMES, UC).

This species is relatively frequent in its wide distribution across northern South

America and as far south as Rio de Janeiro. It is characterized by ramicauls only

slightly shorter than the leaf. The flowers are borne successively in a raceme much

shorter than the leaf. The sepals are acute and free above the base; the petals are

also acute; and the oblong lip is minutely ciliate-serrulate with slightly dilated

margins below the middle. The base 1s minutely bilobulate.

Panmorphia brevipes 1s one of several species in the genus with well-developed

ramicauls. Thought was given to segregate them into another genus, but when all

are viewed, a continuum into short ramicauls is found.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE | 149

Panmorphia burzlaffiana oun & Sijm) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis burzlaffiana Luer & Sijm, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: 43, 2001.

Ety.: Named for Ingrid Burzlaff of one Denmark, who cultivates this species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis succuba Luer, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 4: 19, 2003.

Ety.: From the Latin succubus, referring to new growth rising behind the margin of preceding leaf.

Syn.: Specklinia succuba (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264, 2004.

Syn.: Specklinia burzlaffiana (Luer & Sijm) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259;

2004.

ant small, 2 repent, the rhizome stout, 1-2 mm long between ramicauls, 1 mm thick; roots

See Suniel amicauls stout, 1 mm long, enclosed by | thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect to

prone, ete, ae coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 8-9 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, cuneate below

into the sessile base. Inflorescence a successively few-flowered raceme up to 3 mm long including the

peduncle 2-2.5 mm long, arising laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel 2-2.5

mm long; ovary winged, | mm long; sepals purple, fleshy, subcarinate, ciliate, the dorsal sepal ovate,

acute, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate 1.5 mm, ovate, oblique, acute, 5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, narrowly linear-ovate, acute, ciliate-pubescent, 4 mm lon

0.6 mm wide, |-veined; lip dark purple, spathulate-trilobed, 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, suborbicular

bove the middle, oblong below the middle with a small, erect, ciliate, marginal lobe, the disc with a

longitudinal carina on the claw below the middle, the base bilobulate, hinged between to the column-

ot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, with the anther, rostellum

and stigma hooded and ventral.

ne loc., obtained from Ingrid Burzlaff of Graasten, Denmark, flowered in cultivation in Venhuizen, the

Netherlands. 11 Aug. 2000, by A.P. Sijm 200728 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19385.

Although collection data are unknown, this species most probably is Andean in

origin. It is characterized by small, thick, elliptical, overlapping leaves borne by a

creeping rhizome; short, few-flowered racemes; acute sepals and ciliate-pubescent

petals; and a lip that is suborbicular above the middle, and bilobulate below the

middle with a longitudinal callus.

Panmorphia casualis (Ames), Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis casualis Ames, Sched. Orch. 9: 30, 1925,

Ety.: From the late Latin casualis, ‘‘by chance,”’ an obscure reference.

Syn.: Anathallis casualis (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn. oe casualis (Ames), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed - 2 ee tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 8-11 mm long including a

petiole 2-3 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, successive-

ly, few- oe raceme with the flowers 1-3 mm apart, borne by an erect or suberect, filiform peduncle,

5-6 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1.3 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary

0.5-1 mm long; sepals red-purple, membranous, glabrous to minutely pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

oblong-ovate, acute, 3-4 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a

shortly bifid, broadly ovate lamina, 3-3.3 mm long, 2-2.2 mm wide, 2-veined (faintly 4-veined); petals

translucent red-purple, glabrous, ovate, oblique, 2-2.6 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, the apex acute, acu-

minate into a narrowly terete, minutely ciliate tail; lip maroon, oblong, minutely ciliate, 1.6 mm long, 0.6

mm wide, the apex rounded, the margins thin an erect below the middle, the disc shallowly sulcate

between a pair of longitudinal calli, in apposition at the base, slightly diverging toward the apex, the base

bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1-1.5

m long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: San José: La Hondura, alt. 1300-1700 m, 2 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 36517 (Holotype:

; Isotype: US). Alajuela: La Palma de San Ramon, alt. 1150 m, 11 Aug. 1925, A.M. Brenes

(197)1 391 (AMES). Guanacaste: Monteverde, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell- ha 1267 (CR, MO), C. Luer

illustr. 17064; Monteverde, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 1723 (CR, M

C. Luer illustr. 17049.

PANAMA: Panama: Altos de Pecora road, alt. 650 m, C. Luer, J. Luer 1082 (SEL).

This little species is related to the frequent and widely distributed Panmorphia

barbulata (Lindl.) Luer. It is distinguished from the latter by a short and lax, in-

stead of a fasciculate raceme, and glabrous petals contracted above

150 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

the middle into a slender, terete, minutely ciliate tail, that is often thickened at the

tip. Variations between P. barbulata and P. casualis occur. It is also similar to the

Andean P. caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer, which is distinguished by the slender

and essentialy glabrous tail of the petals. The ciliate, centrally cleft lips of all three

species are similar.

Panmorphia caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis caudatipetala C.Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: Ta 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin caudatipetalus, ‘‘with caudate petals,’’ referring to the tips of the petals.

Syn.: Specklinia caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 8-27 mm long including

a petiole 3-10 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous,

successively several-flowered raceme up to 3.5 cm long, including the peduncle, 10-15 mm long, borne

purple, or yellowish and suffused with purple or brown, membranous, ciliate, pubescent, the dorsal sepal

ovate, acute, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate above the middle into a

bifid, ovate lamina, 3.25-3.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals glabrous, translucent, red-purple

toward the apex, the blade elliptical below the middle, 1.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse,

abruptly acuminate near the middle into a slender tail, 1-1.5 mm long; lip purple, oblong to subpandu-

rate, ciliate above the middle, 1.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the apex rounded, the margins thin and

slightly incurved below the middle, the disc with a pair of longitudinal calli, in apposition at the base,

diverging toward the middle, joining again toward the apex, the base bilobulate, hinged to the column-

foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.25-1.5 mm long, the anther and the

stigma ventral.

PERU: Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, alt. 1500 m, Mar. 1950, C. Schunke 1307 (Holotype: F). Cuz

Huancabamba, Machu Picchu, alt. 2040 m, 16 Apr. 1943, C. Vargas 3367 Bae herb. Ga.

Urubamba, Machu Picchu, on rocks, alt. 2040 m, ca. 16 Apr. 1948, C. Vargas 3367 (AMES).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, Yierbani, alt. 2750 m, collected by M. Manon, 5 Feb. 1980, C. Luer

5132 (SEL). Cochabamba: Chapare, between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1200 m, 17 Jan. 1988,

C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 12854 (MO).

ECUADOR: Pichincha: old road between Quito and Santo Domingo, collected by C.H. Dodson, culti-

vated at SEL, 1975, C. Luer 565 (SEL

COSTA RICA: San José: near Cascajal, alt. 1700 m, collected and cultivated by W. Ballestero, 21 Mar.

1986, B. Luer 12137 (MO).

This little, tufted plant is indistinguishable from numerous other, small, similar,

pleurothallis species with abbreviated ramicauls. It apparently is infrequent

although widely distributed from Central America into the Andes. It is character-

ized by a lax, flexuous, successively flowered raceme that surpasses the leaves. The

sepals are acute an variously ciliate and pubescent. The petals are glabrous, ellipti-

cal below the middle, and contracted near the middle into a narrowly linear, apical

portion. The lip is oblong to subpandurate and ciliate above the middle. A pair of

longitudinal calli begin tall above the middle, diverge near the middle, and in

apposition at the base.

Panmorphia clandestina (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis clandestina Lindl., Folia Orch. oaaio 43,1

Ety.: From the Latin clandestinus, “‘secret,’’ possibly see to the rounded tubercle at the tip of

the lip in Fendler’s sketch that Lindley was unable to v

Syn.: Humboldtia clandestina (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis zorrocuchensis Luer, Selbyana 5: 188, 1979.

Ety.: Named for Lago Zorrocucho in southern Ecuador where the species was collected.

Syn.: Anathallis clandestina (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia clandestina (Lind].) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 151

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, branching, up to 5 cm long or longer, 2-4 mm long between rami-

cauls; roots slender, from nodes along the rhizome. Ramicauls stout, 1-1.5 mm long, enclosed by a thin,

tubular sheath. Leaf suberect to prostrate, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 5-12 mm long, 4-6

mm wide, broadly cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence 2-3 suberect, sublax, dis-

tichous, successively 2- to 4-flowered raceme up to 5-8 mm long including the peduncle 1-2 mm long,

from a node at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel 1-2 mm long; ovary tricos-

tate, 1 mm long; sepals light yellow, suffused with brown, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate,

subacute, 3.8-4 mm long, 2.25-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, subacute,

minutely bifid synsepal, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, aia: petals light brown, narrowly ovate, acute,

entire to microscopically suberose, 3 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, |-veined; lip yellow with white appen-

dages, obovate, 2.1 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, the apex ane with an obscure, midline callus, the sides

covered with long, glandular hairs, the disc shallowly concave, the base subtruncate, bilobulate, hinged

to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.25-1.75 mm long, with

the anther, rostellum and stigma hooded and ventral.

VENEZUELA: sine loc., 1854-56, A. Fendler 2148 (Holotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 19047.

ECUADOR: Azuay: in trees around Lago Zorrocucho, southeast of Cuenca, alt, 3000 m, 7 Feb. 1978, C.

uer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta & M. Portilla 2473 (holotype of P. zorrocuchensis: SEL); same locality, in

fruit, July 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & G. Luer 1826 (SEL

This small species is known from two distant localities, one in Venezuela, the

other in Ecuador. It is distinguished by a creeping rhizome with suberect to pros-

trate, elliptical leaves, and a short, successively few-flowered raceme. The dorsal

sepal and synsepal are subacute. Fendler’s distorted sketch shows the synsepal

much larger than the dorsal sepal, which I cannot believe is correct. The petals are

attenuated, those of the Ecuadorian collection being smooth while those of the

Venezuelan collection are microscopically suberose. The sides of the obovate lip

are covered by long, pedunculate appendages, and the apex is rounded with an ob-

scure callus, noted by Fendler, but not confirmed by Lindley.

Panmorphia comayaguensis (Ames) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis comayaguensis Ames, Bot. Mus. Leaf]. 4: 31, 1936

Ety.: Named for the department of Comayagua, Honduras, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Anathallis comayaguensis (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia comayaguensis (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome proportionately stout, in masses up to 10 cm long,

1-2 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 2 thin, acuminate sheaths; roots proportionately thick .

Ramicauls ascending, 0.5 mm long, enclosed by 1 thin, acuminate sheath. Leaf prostrate, overlapping,

coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a

petiole less than 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence an erect or suberect, congested, successively 2- to 4-flow-

ered raceme up to 1.5 mm long, borne by a slender peduncle 2-3 mm long, laterally from the ramicaul;

floral bract oblique, 1 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.4 mm long; sepals red, membranous,

subcarinate, non-spreading, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, subacute, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide,

3-veined, barely connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly to suborbicular,

minutely bifid synsepal, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 4-veined; petals glabrous except for an occasional

cellular hair, ovate, oblique, 1.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, cuneate above the middle to a

rounded, thickened apex; lip elliptic-oblong, 1.3 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, the margins erect and long-

ciliate below the middle, the apex rounded, convex, cellular-papillose, the disc longitudinally sulcate

between a pair of low subparallel calli for the basal 2 thirds, the base bilobulate, delicately hinged bet-

ween to the column-foot; column broadly winged, irregularly erose at the apex, 1 mm long, the foot

thick, 0.5 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventra

HONDURAS: Comayagua: Minas de Oro, 29 Dec. 1932, J.B. Edwards 338 (Holotype: AMES), C. Luer

illustr. 19043.

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Chicayinito near Coban, alt. 4300 ft., June 1881, H. von Tiirckheim 648

(W). Peten: Sabana San Francisco, La Libertad, 29 Mar. 1933, C.L. Lundell 2140, 2235 (AMES).

This tiny species is uncommon in Honduras and Guatemala. It is characterized

by minute, broadly elliptical, overlapping, prostrate leaves produced in masses by a

creeping rhizome. The flower is borne successively in a congested raceme shorter

1S ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

than the leaf. The petals are proportionately large with a rounded, thickened apex

with several cilia present on the margin. The lip is basically similar to those species

related to Panmorphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer: oblong, ciliate, channeled medially,

and bilobulate at the base.

Panmorphia cuspidata (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis cuspidata Luer, selbyana 32 28251

Ety.: From the Latin cuspidatus, “‘pointed,”’ referring to the tips of the petals.

Syn.: Anathallis cuspidata (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia cuspidata (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-35

mm long including a petiole 5-10 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a loose, flexuous, successively several-flowere d raceme up to 5 cm long, including the peduncle,

1.5-2 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm long;

ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple, membranous, glabrous, the lateral sepals pubescent centrally, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, acuminate, 9 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into

an ovate, acute, minutely bifid lamina, 9 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 4-veined, forming a mentum with the

column-foot; petals glabrous, translucent, red-purple, the blade obovate, , :

apex obtuse, abruptly acumin to a slender tail, 4-5 mm long; lip purple, ob -subpandurate, ci-

] ; , the apex rounded, the disc with a longitudinal, minutely channeled

n-foot; column bro tae winged, dentate at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the anther and the stigma ven-

tral, the foot concave, 1 mm long.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: cloud forest, Cerro Hornito, alt. ca. 1700 m, 15 Dec. 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L.

Dressler, N.H. Williams & FL Stevenson 1335 (Holotype: SEL); trail to Cerro Pate Macho, alt. 1500-

1750 m, 6 Feb. 1986, G. McPherson & M. Merello 8273 (MO).

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 56, sketch 666 (illustr. at W). Taus, collected by L. Glicen-

stein, cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 19 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2227 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: p vapticas tall forest oe of Valle de Sibundoy, toward San Francisco mine, alt. 2800

m, 9 Jan. 1957, M. Ospina & J.M. Idrobo 152 (AMES, COL).

UADOR: Pichincha: data lost, S. Eee ie (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16600.

This little, caespitose species is indistinguishable from numerous other, small,

similar species. It occurs sporadically in Central America, Colombia and Ecuador.

It is characterized by a lax, flexuous, successively flowered raceme that surpasses

the leaves. The sepals are acuminate and glabrous, but the collection from Ecuador

is minutely pubescent. The petals are contracted from below the middle into a long,

filiform tail. The lip is subpandurate and ciliate. A midline callus begins tall at the

base, disappearing into a shallow channel toward the apex.

Panmorphia dalessandroi (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis dalessandroi Luer, Selbyana 7: 116, 1982.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dennis D’ Alessandro who discovered this species.

Syn.: Anathallis dalessandroi (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001

Syn.: Specklinia dalessandroi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

Plant large for Panmorphia, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 2-3 cm long,

enclosed by 3, loose, imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 4-6 cm long

including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a sub-

congested, successively few-flowered raceme up to | cm long including the peduncle 0.3 cm long, from

a node near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bract 2-3 mm long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long,

wing-carinate; sepals cream-colored, lightly suffused with purple, finely pubescent within, carinate, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 10-12.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 5- to 7-veined, the lateral sepals oblong,

oblique, acute, 10-11.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm, 5- to 6-veined; petals purple, narrowly

ae acute, ciliate-pubescent, 8-9 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, oblong-trilobed, 3

mm .3 mm wide, with the apex rounded, the lateral lobes of narrowly linear, erect, ciliate, 1 mm

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 153

long, below the middle, the disc shallowly channeled, pubescent above the base, the base subtruncate,

bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 3 mm

long, with the anther, rostellum and stigma hooded and ventral.

2000 m, 21 Feb. 1982, D. D’Alessandro 168 (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8079; Estacién Cientifica

San Francisco between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2000 m, 9 Sept. 2003, FA. Werner 469 (GOET, MO,

CNE).

This species, apparently endemic in southern Ecuador, is closely related to the

widely distributed and frequent Panmorphia rabei (Foldats) Luer. It is easily dis-

tinguished from the latter by the larger habit and much larger flowers with multive-

ined sepals. Interested readers are referred to the description above. The lateral

lobes of the lip below the middle are narrow, erect, ciliate, and one millimeter long.

oe duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis duplooyi Luer & Sayers. Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. a 48, 2001.

Ety.: Named in honor of the late Ken DuPlooy, former director of the Belize Botanical Garden, who

had a keen interest in the flora of Belize.

Syn.: Specklinia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260,

2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, shortly repent, rhizome 1-2 mm long between ramicauls; roots compara-

tively thick. Ramicauls erect, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect to pros-

flowered raceme borne by an erect, filiform peduncle, 20-27 mm long, laterally from the ramicaul; floral

bracts 1 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals red-purple, membranous, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal flat, oblong, acute, 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical-oblong,

acute, connate basally for 0.75 mm, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined; petals translucent red-purple,

ovate, oblique, sharply acute, microscopically ciliate, 3.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; lip maroon, narrow-

ly elliptical, acute, long-ciliate, 2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the disc channeled between a pair of longi-

tudinal calli, the base bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticu-

late at the apex, 1.75 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

BELIZE: Toledo District, Little Quartz Ridge Camp, alt. 740 m, 1 Aug. 2000, B. Sayers 997 (Holotype:

DBN; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19392.

This tiny species is closely related to the widely distributed Panmorphia barbu-

lata (Lindl.) Luer. From it, it is distinguished by a much larger flower with free

lateral sepals. The petals are sharply acute and microscopically ciliate. The lip is

narrowly elliptical, long-ciliate, and longitudinally channeled.

Panmorphia endresii (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis endresii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 172, 1999.

Ety.: Named in honor of A.R. Endres, nineteenth century collector and illustrator of Costarican

orchids.

Syn.: Anathallis endresii (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: ee endresii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

t small, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 10 cm long, the rhizome stout, 4-5 mm long between

ramicauls, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths; roots produced along the rhizome. Ramicauls suberect, 3 mm

dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate 1 mm

at the base, narrowly oblong-ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; petals oblong, 2 mm

long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined, serrate at the subacute apex; lip narrowly ovate, narrowly rounded at the

apex, 3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the margins ciliate-denticulate, the disc longitudinally carinate on lower

half, the carina bifurcated above the base, the base membraneously bilobulate, hinged to the column-

foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, long-denticulate at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma

hooded and ventral, the foot concave.

154 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Pizirres, along road to San Cristobal, ca. 1867, A. Endres 555 (Holotype: W),

C. Luer illustr. 18576.

This small species, collected by Endres in the nineteenth century and misidenti-

fied by someone other than Reichenbach as Pleurothallis sertularioides [=Pan-

morphia sertularioides (Sw.) Luer], was found in Reichenbach’s herbarium at W.

Neither description nor illustration by Endres has been seen. I know of no recent

collection. The accompanying description and illustration were made from dry and

rehydrated material.

Panmorphia endresii is distinguished by a repent habit, erect elliptical leaves

borne by much shorter ramicauls from which a short, successively few-flowered

raceme arises. The dorsal sepal is free, but the laterals are connate basally. The

sepals are narrow and ciliate; the petals are oblong and serrate; and the narrowly

ovate lip is denticulate with a bifurcated callus below the middle, and bilobulate at

the base.

Panmorphia escalarensis (Carnevali & Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis escalarensis Carnevali & Luer, Novon 13: 414, 2003.

Ety.: Named for La Escalera, ‘‘the stairway,” referring to the steep mountain side where the species

occurs

Syn.: Specklinia escalarensis (Carnevali & Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

260, 2004.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptic-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 9-

1 mm long including a petiole 1-2 mm long, 3 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a loose, subflexuous, successively many-flowered raceme 17-27 mm long, borne by an erect or

suberect, filiform peduncle, ca. 10 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 0.5 mm

long; pedicel 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals purple, darker along the veins, membranous,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, Seed: the lateral sepals

e, 1.8 mm long,

expanded, the apex rounded, with erect, oblique, marginal lobes below the middle, the disc shallowly

sulcate between a pair of a oa ne eee bilobulate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot;

column winged ab ddle, denticulate at the apex , 1.75 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: between El Dorado and Santa Elena de Uairén, alt. 300-400 m, 20 June 1994,

G. Carnevali, W. Fritz & C. Coleman 3672 (Holotype: VEN), C. Luer illustr. 18954.

This species is known to occur in only one area of lowland, northeastern Vene

zuela. It is distinguished from the other species related to Panmorphia barbulata

(Lindl.) Luer by the very small habit with a capillary, loose, subflexuous, succes-

sively flowered raceme that eventually far exceeds the leaf. The sepals are glabrous

and the laterals are connate to near the apex. The petals are acute and oblique with

microscopically erose margins. The lip is oblong, also microscopically ciliate-

erose, with erect, oblique lobes below the middle

Panmorphia fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) aie comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis fractiflexa Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 26, 1930.

ty.: From the Latin fractiflexus, ‘‘flexuous,”’ referring to the raceme.

es)

Syn.: Pleurothallis corynophora me Phytologia 55: 201, 1984.

Ety.: From the Greek corynophorus, “‘mace-bearing,”’ in allusion to the prickly, clubbed petals.

Syn.: Anathallis corynophora (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

260, 2004.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 155

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

below by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly obovate, 15-28 mm long

m long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals rose-brown, subcarinate, glabrous

externally, with a long, thin pubescence within, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, narrowly obtuse, 4.5-6

mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a elliptical, minutely bifid lamina, 4-5.5

mm long, 3 mm wide, 4-veined, forming an obtuse mentum with the column-foot, with the apices sub-

acute; petals subfalcate, 3.5-4.5 mm long, dilated below the middle, 1.4 mm wide, 1-veined, contracted

above the middle, then dilated into a pubescent, clavate apex; lip dark brown, subpandurate-oblong,

rounded at the apex, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, ciliate above the middle, the disc longitudinally channeled

between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot;

column winged above the middle, tridentate at the apex, 2 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma

ventral, the foot 1 mm long

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, alt. ca. 2000 m, 22-28 Feb. 1926, P.C

Standley & J. Valerio 49902 (Holotype: AMES); same eae data, P.-C. Standley & J. Valerio 49910

paratype: A MES). Guanacaste: Monteverde, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 1723 (MO, CR). Sine

loc. oo A. Endres 42, 84 (illustrations at W).

A: Chiriqui: cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. 2300 m, 6 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

ie oe (holotype of P. corynophora: SEL).

Vegetatively indistinguishable from many other small, caespitose species,

Panmorphia fractiflexa is distinguished by an elongating, successively flowering,

flexuous raceme of flowers with clavate, pubescent petals. In one collection, the

apices of the petals are merely terete and pubescent. The oblong lip is longitudinal-

ly channeled.

Panmorphia francesiana (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis francesiana Luer, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. a 14, 2003.

Ety.: Named for Frances, wife of Stephen Manning of Tarporley, Cheshire, England, who collected

this species.

Syn.: Specklinia francesiana (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

lant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-5 mm long, enclosed

by 1 tubular sheath and another at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate,

subacute to obtuse, 2-4 cm long eehaae the petiole 3-10 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, the base narrowly

ok into the petiole. Inflorescence a successively and distantly 4- to 5-flowered raceme 3-4 cm long

including the peduncle ca. 2 cm long, from a node below the abscission layer; floral bract oblique,

acuminate, minutely scabrous, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals nt

unknown, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, sharply acute at the tip, 3.5 mm long, 2.75 m

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate only at the base, oblong, oblique, on acute, 3.5 mm lon

1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals oblong, acute, acuminate, 4 mm long, | mm wide, 1-veined; lip elliptical,

fleshy, 2.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the apex narrowly rounded, thickened: the disc shallowly sulcate

minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, denticulate at the apex,

with the anther, rostellum and stigma hooded and ventral, the foot 1 mm long.

PERU: Hudnuco: near Tingo Maria, alt. 640 m, Nov. 2000, cultivated in Tarporley, Cheshire, England,

S. Manning 817006 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20023.

This little species is apparently endemic in central Peru. Among the species of

Panmorphia, it is most similar to P. humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer of Venezuela. The

plant is densely caespitose with very short ramicauls and narrow, thickly coriaceous

leaves. The loose, successively few-flowered raceme eventually surpasses the leaf.

The sepals and petals are shortly acuminate and sharply acute. The lip is elliptical

and fleshy with a pair of longitudinal calli and a minute pair of basal lobules.

156 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Panmorphia funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes funerea Barb.Rodr., Vellosia 1, ed. 2: 118, 1

Ety.: From the Latin funereus, ‘‘of a funeral,’’ without doubt referring to the purple-black color of

the flowers

Syn.: Pleurothallis breviscapa C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 79, 1935

Ety.: From the Latin breviscapus, “‘with short scape,’ ’ referring to the inflorescence shorter than the

leaf of the type-specimen. In other specimen the leaf.

Syn.: Pleurothallis praemorsa Luer, Selbyana 3 3: 388, 1978,

Ety.: From the Latin praemorsus, “‘as if bitten off,’ referring to the tip of the lip.

Syn.: Anathallis breviscapa (C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia breviscapa (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259,

2004.

Syn.: Specklinia praemorsa (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Syn.: Specklinia funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 95: 260, 2004

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls short, erect, 5-18 mm long, enclosed >

2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to ea, elliptical, acute to subacute, 15-50 m

long, 5-10 mm wide, aati) narrowed below into a petiole 5-20 mm long. Inflorescence a aiicas

ous, successively few- to many-flowered raceme up to 6 cm long including the peduncle 1-3 cm lon

from a node near the abscission layer; peduncle, rachis, floral bract and pedicel cellular-glandular; floral

bract 1. ‘S. 2 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long; ovary 1-5 mm long; na dark purple, glabrous, subcar

inate, the dorsal sepal narrowly elliptical-ovate, acute, 5-6.5 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals connate only at the base, narrowly ovate-oblong, oblique, acute, recurved, 5-6.5 mm long,

1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals dark purple, elliptical-ovate, with the margins cellular-glandular, 2.75-

3.5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex acute, sometimes minutely truncate at the tip; lip

purple-black, narrowly elliptical- oboe slightly convex, anne 3-lobed, 4-5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm

wide, with the margins cellular-glandular, the apex obtuse or abruptly truncate, the lateral lobes about 1

mm above the base, erect, minutely oblong, obtuse, microscopically erose, the disc slightly thickened,

protruding beyond the base, the base subtruncate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column semi-

terete, 1.5-2 mm long, denticulate-fimbriate at the apex, with the anther, rostellum and stigma hooded

and ventral, the foot shallowly concave.

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Alto-Amazonas, on Rio Yauapery, tributary of Rio Negro, Barbosa Rodrigues s.n.

(Holotype is Rodrigues’s illustr.).

YANA: sine loc., June 1897, E.F. im Thurn 181 (holotype of S. breviscapa: K), C. Luer illustr.

917.

ae GUIANA: Inselberg, northwest Monts de la Trinité, alt. 300-400 m, 5 Aug. 1981, G. Cremers

7417 (CA

CoG banks of Rio Icabari, alt. ca. 1,500 ft., Apr. 1958, G.C.K. Dunsterville 454.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: rain forest 20 km east of Puyo, alt. ca. 600 m, 3 Aug. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & J.

Brenner 1813 (holotype of S. praemorsa: SEL); south of Puyo toward Macas, west of Rio Palora, alt.

950 m, 28 Feb. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19557 (MO). Esmeraldas: wet forest west of Lita, alt.

300 m, 12 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 15572 (MO). Napo: Jatunyacu, alt. 650 m, Aug.

1991, A. Hirtz 5429 (MO). Morona-Santiago: between Mendez and Morona, alt. ca. 900 m, 19 Jan.

1989, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta & S. Ortega 4140 (MO); near Pangui, alt. 1000 m, collected by and flow-

ered in cultivation by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, alt. 1000 m, 5 July 2002, A. Hirtz 8261 (MO). Zamora-

Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 800-1000 m, Dec. 1892, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (K, HK139);

Cordillera del Condor, west of Los Encuentros, alt. 1550 m, 15 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Teague

& A. Andreetta 1347] (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1200 m, 23 Jan. 1992, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16132 (M

PERU: San Martin: Moyobamba, along Rio Mayo, alt. 815 m, 9 Dec. 1990, D. Bennett, A. Bennett et al.

4769 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 14931.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: northeast of Cochabamba near Villa Tunari, alt. 680 m, 24 Jan. 1980, C. Luer,

J. Luer & R. Vasquez 4935 (MO).

This species is widely distributed across northern South America and through

the Andes into Bolivia. It was first recorded by Barbosa Rodrigues in Amazonian

Brazil, and was published as Lepanthes funera Barb.Rodr. [=Panmorphia funera

(Barb.Rodr.) Luer] with an accurate illustration in 1891. It was also collected in

Guyana by Im Thurn before the turn of the twentieth century, and described by

Schweinfurth as Pleurothallis breviscapa C.Schweinf. [=Panmorphia funera

(Barb.Rodr.) Luer] from this single collection 38 years later. Hydration of a flower

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 157

of the type specimen reveals the lip to be different from the description, that is,

minute, lateral lobes were found to be present. The name breviscapa was misap-

plied to another, similar, but distinctly different species in Venezuelan Orchids

Illustrated, vol. 1, 1959. Unfortunately, this led to subsequent, innumerable misi-

dentifications in numerous herbaria. What came to be known as Pleurothallis

breviscapa [=Panmorphia funera (Barb.Rodr.) Luer] is the variable species de-

scribed by Foldats as Pleurothallis rabei Foldats [=Panmorphia rabei (Foldats)

Luer]. Dunsterville’s illustration published as Pleurothallis breviscapa in Venezue-

lan Orchids Illustrated, vol. 4, 1966, is misidentified as P. ciliolata Schltr., a spe-

cies from southern Brazil. From an Ecuadorian collection, this species was pub-

lished as P. praemorsa Luer in 1978 [=Panmorphia funera (Barb.Rodr.) Luer],

because the truncate tips of the petals and lip appear to have been chewed off by an

insect. This unusual character is variable and inconstant, the tips of the petals and

lip varying from entire to truncate and marginally thickened.

Although obviously related to Panmorphia rabei, P. funerea is distinguished by

a much longer peduncle that bears a successively flowered raceme from near the

middle to beyond the tip of the leaf. The peduncle and rachis are microscopically

pubescent. The peduncle of P. rabei is smooth and abbreviated, usually less than a

centimeter long with a few-flowered raceme that rarely reaches near the apex of the

af. The petals of P. funerea are microscopically erose, but entire to the naked eye.

They are distinctly ciliate, often long-ciliate, in P. rabei. The lip of P. funerea is

proportionately long, two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the sepals, and the lateral

lobules are very small and near the base. The lip of P. rabei is no more than one-

fourth as long as the sepals, and the notoriously variable lateral lobules are larger

and near the middle.

Panmorphia grayumii (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis grayumii Luer, Lindleyana 11: 78. ‘1996

Ety.: Named in honor of Michael Grayum of the Missouri Botanical Garden who discovered this

species.

Syn.: Specklinia grayumii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, shortly repent, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls short, erect, 3-6

mm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse, subpetiolate, margined,

successive, 2- to 3-flowered raceme, ca. 5 mm long including the peduncle 2-2.5 mm long, from the

ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, | mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals yellow-

orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, acute, 3.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals narrowly ovate-triangular, oblique, acute, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, connate only

at the base where they form a small mentum below the column-foot; petals described as dark burgundy,

narrowly ovate, acute, 3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip fleshy, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 0.5

mm wide, slightly dilated above the middle and longitudinally channeled, terete and verruculose below

the middle, the base delicately hinged to the column-foot between membranous lobules; column semi-

terete, oo -denticulate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 0.75 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded

and v

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Cantén Brus, along Rio Jaba, downstream from Jardin Botanico Robert y

Catherine Wilson, alt. 1000-1100 m, 22 Jan. 1989, M. Grayum & T. Gruner 9270 (Holotype: CR; Iso-

type: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16520.

This small species is apparently rare, known only by the original collection from

Costa Rica. It is distinguished by obovate leaves borne by abbreviated ramicauls.

The inflorescence is a very short, successively few-flowered raceme. The sepals

and petals are acute. The lip is narrowly oblong, channeled above the middle, and

terete and verruculose below the middle. The base is minutely bilobulate.

158 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

cao haberi (Luer) Luer, comb. pe

Bas.: Pleurothallis haberi Luer, Selbyana 23: 36, 2

Ety.: Named in honor of William Haber of the on Botanical Garden who discovered this

species.

Syn.: Anathallis haberi (Luer) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 6-7: t. 520, 2002 [2003].

Syn.: Specklinia haberi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004

ant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls short, erect, 2-3 mm long, en-

closed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse, petiolate, 10-15 mm long including

a petiole 2-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a fascicle of single,

successive flowers, borne by a slender peduncle 10-12 mm long, from the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular,

2 mm long; pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals purple, darker along the veins, fleshy, subcar-

inate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, acute, 3 mm long, | mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals connate to near the apices into an ovate, bifid lamina with acute apices, 2.75 mm long, 2 mm

wide, 4-veined; petals oblong below the middle, abruptly narrowed above obtuse, marginal angles above

the middle to a narrowly obtuse apex, 2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide at the middle; lip fleshy, oblong, obtuse,

ciliate, 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with the margins thin and erect in the lower third, the disc deeply

channeled longitudinally between a pair of calli that terminate in a small, erect point above the base, the

base delicately hinged to the column-foot between membranous lobules; column semiterete, tridentate at

the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Reserva Biolégica Monteverde, Rio Pefias Blancas, alt. 900 m, 15 Dec. 1987,

W. Haber & E. Bello 7917 (Holotype: CR; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16514.

This small species is apparently rare, or overlooked, known only by the original

collection from Costa Rica. It is distinguished by obovate leaves borne by abbrevi-

ated ramicauls. The fascicle of small, single, purple flowers with darker purple

stripes is borne by a hairlike peduncle nearly as long as the leaves. The sepals are

fleshy, subcarinate and acute, the laterals connate to near the apices. The petals are

abruptly narrowed above the middle. The oblong lip is minutely ciliate, deeply

channeled down the center with a ‘‘sun-dial’’ callus above the base, and the base is

minutely bilobulate.

oe herpethophyton (Schltr.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis herpethophyton Schlitr., Repert. Spec. Nov ier Veg, 27: 52, 1929,

Ety.: From the Greek herpethophyton, **a snake-like plant,’’ alluding to the repent habit.

Syn.: Specklinia herpethophyton (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome 2-5 mm long between ramicauls, with 1-2 sheaths; roots

slender from along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending-erect, 1-3 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 1-2.5 cm long, including an indis-

tinct petiole less than 2-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, gradually narrowed below to the base. Inflorescence

a closely spaced, successively 2-flowered raceme, ca. 3 mm long including the peduncle 1 mm long,

from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 0.75 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;

sepals fleshy, glabrous, yellow-orange, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-elliptical, acute, 4 mm long,

5 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals free, oblong-ovate, oblique,

acute, 3.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate at the base; petals translucent dark purple,

glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, 2.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, ciliate, elliptical-

oblong, shallowly longitudinally sulcate, acute, 2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the base with a lobule at both

corners, hinged between to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above the middle, denticulate at

the apex, 1.75 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, Polo-Poli bei Coroico, alt. 1100 m, Oct.-Nov. 1912, O. Buchtien 6345

(Holotype destroyed at B; Lectotype: US here designated).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: forest along Rio Upano north of Macas, alt. 1050 m, 14 Jan. 1989, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 13905 (MO).

This little species occurs infrequently on the eastern slopes of the Andes at rela-

tively low altitudes. In habit, it is similar to Panmorphia sertularioides (Sw.) Luer.

The erect, narrowly elliptical leaves are produced on short ramicauls along a pros-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 159

trate rhizome. The inflorescence is an abbreviated, successively two-flowered

raceme. The three sepals are free, the petals are acute, and the lip is oblong and

ciliate with a pair of basal lobules.

The flower of the lectotype at US is 1n too poor condition to use, but Schlech-

ter’s detailed description applies exactly to the plant described above. The descrip-

tion above was made from the Ecuadorian collection.

Panmorphia holstii (Carnevali & I.Ramirez) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis holstii Carnevali & I.Ramirez, ° 39: 18, 1986.

Ety.: Named for Bruce Holst, who collected this specie

Syn.: Pleurothallis deborana Carnevali & I.Ramirez, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 553, 1990.

Ety.: Named for Debora, daughter of German and Ivén Carneval1.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pemonum ‘Carnevali & I.Ramirez, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 555, 1990.

Ety.: Named for the Pemon Indians who live where this species occurs in Venezuela.

Syn.: Specklinia deborana (Carnevali & I.Ramirez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

95: 260, 2004.

Syn.: Specklinia pemonum (Carnevali & I.Ramirez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

95: 262, 2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome 1-2 mm long between ramicauls; roots

proportionately thick. Ramicauls stout, reclining to ascending, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a tubular

sheath. Leaf more or less suberect and, overlapping, thickly coriaceous, a elliptical, obtuse, 6-9

ong, 5-6 mm wide, broadly cuneate below into the subsessile base. Inflorescence a congested,

successively 3- to 8-flowered raceme, up to 9 mm long including the Sete ca. 2 mm long, from a

node below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm long; ovary ca. 1

mm = ahi free, glabrous, yellow-green, suffused with purple within, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute,

ca.3m , ca. 1 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals slightly oblique, similar to the dorsal sepal;

petals Bena suffused with purple, narrowly ovate, acute, oblique, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm wide,

1-veined, with irregular margins; lip purple, oblong, obtuse, cellular-glandular, ca. 1-1.5 mm long, ca.

5 mm wide, the base truncate with a minute basal lobule at the corners, hinged to the column-foot;

column semiterete, winged toward the apex, ca. 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apparently ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Cedefio, forest bordering savanna east of Rio Parquaza, Km. 125 from Northern

Alcabala of Puerto Ayacucho, 8 Sept. 1985, J.A. Steyermark, B. Holst & B. Manara 131611 (Holotype:

VEN; Isotype: MO); Cedefio, east of Rio Parguaza, north of Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 100 m, collected by B

Holst, flowered in cultivation, June 1987, by G. Carnevali & I. Ramirez 2317 (holotype of P. deborana:

VEN); Quebrada Los Brasileros, south of Icabaru, alt. 480 m, Dec. 1976, J.A. Steyermark et al. 117784

(paratype of P- pemonum: VEN); Rio Carrao, alt. 450 m, April 1972, G.C.K. Dunsterville & E. Dunster-

ville 122] (paratypes of P. pemonum: AMES, VEN). Amazonas: Atures, road to Gavilan, east of Fundo

Dofia Juana, June 1987, G.A. Romero 1334 (holotype of P- pemonum: VEN; isotype: TFAV).

This species occurs locally in eastern Venezuela where it was first collected by

Bruce Holst on a branch of a tree about 10 meters above the ground, and described

as Pleurothallis holstii [=Panmorphia holstii (Carnevali & I.Ramirez) Luer]. At the

request of German Carnevali, Holst returned to the tree two years later for more

material, which flowered in cultivation. Its only flower was illustrated and pub-

lished as Pleurothallis deborana. No material is available for study.

Panmorphia holstii is characterized by tiny, broadly elliptical leaves borne

closely on a creeping rhizome. A successively several-flowered raceme eventually

reaches near the tips of the leaves. The sepals are ovate and free; the petals are

similar and acute; and details of the elliptical, subacute lip are variable.

German Carnevali says that living material of three concepts cited above appear

distinct. However, all three are repent, none is caespitose, and the morphology of

the flowers of all three are identical except for minor variations of the lip that were

noted in rehydrated flowers by different illustrators. More collections of fresh

material are necessary for resolution of the differences seen in dried material.

The accompanying illustration is a modification of Dunsterville 1221, published

as Pleurothallis pemonum in Orchids of Venezuela, an Illustrated Field Guide, ed. 2.

160 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Panmorphia humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer, com

. Pleurothallis humilis C.Schweinf., Fieldiana Bot. 8: i L951,

Ety.: From the Latin humilis, “‘low,”’ referring to the size in relationship to related species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis nortonii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 174, 1999.

Ety.: Named for Darrin Norton of Ludlow, VT, who has cultivated this species for many years

Syn.: Anathallis nortonii (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-x cm long, enclosed

by tubular sheath and 1-2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 4.5 cm

from a node below the abscission layer; floral bract tubular, microscopically scabrous, 2.5 mm long;

pedicel 8-9 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals translucent orange, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal

ovate, acute, 5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate only at the base, narrowly

ovate, oblique, acute, 5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; petals blackish red, narrowly-ovate, acute,

attenuate, 4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip blackish red, elliptical-oblong, 3.25 mm long, 1 mm

wide, with the margins microscopically cellular and a minute marginal lobule between the middle and

basal thirds, the apex rounded, thickened, convex, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of longitu-

dinal calli from a rounded, callous thickening at the base, the base subtruncate, minutely bilobulate,

hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 3.5 mm long, denticulate at the apex, with the anther,

rostellum and stigma hooded and ventral, the foot 1 mm long.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita and Rio Pacairao, alt.

1065-1220 m, 20-21 Nov. 1944, J.A. Steyermark 67283? (Holotype: F); sine loc., obtained from Dun-

sterville by J & L Or chids, Easton, CT, cultivated in Ludow, VT, by Darrin Morton, 6 Sept. 1999, C.

Luer 19229 (holotype of P. nortonii: MO).

This little species is seldomly encountered in Venezuela where it is apparently

endemic. Steyermark’s collection described by Schweinfurth was apparently a

depauperate specimen with developing capsules. A subsequent collection well-

grown in cultivation by Darrin Norton at Mountain Orchids has produced a larger

plant, but with age same never

The species 1s 1 by aramicaul shorter than the leaf, and a sparsely flow-

ered raceme that slightly surpasses the leaf. The few, successive flowers are widely

separated and borne on long pedicels. The sepals and petals are acute. The lip is

oblong with a thickened, rounded apex, a pair of small, marginal lobes below the

middle, and a pair of basal lobules.

Panmorphia imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis imberbis Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 163, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin imberbis, “‘beardless,”’ referring to the glabrous labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis aondae Carnevali & G.A.Romero, Orch. Venez. ed. 2, 3: 1141, 2000.

Ety.: Named for the forest of Rio Aonda in the state of Bolivar, Venezuela, where the species was

collected

Syn.: Specklinia imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261,

Plant small, epiphytic, densely Sel aoe roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse to rounded, 15-20 mm long

including the petiole 3-4 mm long, 4-6 mm ve margined, the base cuneate into the petiole. In-

florescence an erect, congested, successively several-flowered raceme, borne by a filiform peduncle 20-

22 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, 3 mm long; pedicel 2.5-3 mm

long; ovary, 1 mm long; sepals dark purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, subacute, 3 mm

long, 1.25 mm wide, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, subacute or obtuse, 3 mm long, connate 2 mm

into a lamina 2.5 mm wide; petals translucent purple, glabrous, entire, ovate, oblique, obtuse, 2.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide; lip purple, ovate, glabrous, 1.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the margins slightly dilated

and erect below the middle, the apex rounded, the disc longitudinally sulcate between a parallel pair of

calli, the base subcordate, minutely bilobulate, delicately hinged to the column-foot; column broadly

winged, lacerate at the apex, 1.75 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick with

the end of the ovary, 0.5 mm long, shallowly concave

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 161

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutuct, epiphytic in forest along the new road

between Mendez and Morona, alt. ca. 900 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta & S. Ortega 4136

co MO), C. Luer illustr. 14917. Napo: between Puerto Napo and Misahualli, alt. 430 m, 23 June

7, C.H. Dodson & M.W.Chase 17230 (MO

carat Bolivar: Guatopo, Oct. 1956, G. C.K. Dunsterville; forest of Rio Aonda, Auyantepui, alt.

ca. ae m, Sept. 1972, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1239 (holotype of P. aondae: drawing at AMES).

L: Amazonas: Igarapé de Taruma near Manaus, alt. 200 m, collected by M. Madison, flowered in

ae 19 Mar. 1979, C. Luer 4038 (SEL).

This species is occurs in lowland eastern Ecuador, Venezuela and Amazonian

Brazil. It is most similar to the relatively frequent, minute Panmorphia barbulata

(Lind].) Luer of higher altitudes, but P. imberbis is distinguished from the latter by

a larger habit and by broader, obtuse, glabrous petals and glabrous lip.

Panmorphia inversa (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleu Clete inversa Luer & R.V4s asque z, Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3: 56, 2001.

Ety.: From the Latin inversus, “inverted,” ate to the non-resupinate flower.

Syn.: Specklinia inversa (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261,

2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-5 mm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly obovate, obtuse to rounded at

ge 5-7 mm wi a

cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, successively several-flowered raceme,

borne by a filiform peduncle 15-23 mm long, borne laterally from i ramicaul; Hor bracts imbricating,

m edicel mm long; ovary, 1 mm long; flower non-resupinate; sepals purple, glabrous,

the middle sepal ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral oi lightly adherent into

an elliptical, bifid lamina, with the apices subacute, 3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translu-

cent purple, oblong, see obtuse, 2 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, ovate, glabrous,

0.75 m with the margins erect below the middle, the apex narrowly rounded, the

disc longitudinally aie between a longitudinal pair of calli, the base subtruncate, minutely bilobulate,

delicately hinged to the column-foot; column broadly winged above the middle, lacerate at the apex, 2

mm long, the anther, Sin and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long, shallowly concave.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: epiphytic in forest around Villa Tunari, alt. 400 m, 29 Nov. 1978, C.

Luer, J. Luer et al. 3580 (Holotype: SEL

This tiny species was erroneously included as an additional collection of Pleuro-

thallis imberbis [=Panmorphia imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer] at the time of the

publication of Pleurothallis inversa [=Panmorphia inversa (Luer & R.Vasquez)

Luer]. Apparently endemic in lowland, central Bolivia, Panmorphia inversa is

characterized by the minute habit with broadly obovate leaves that are surpassed by

a filamentous peduncle bearing a congested raceme of successive pedicels. The

flower is held non-resupinate with the middle sepal and synsepal convex in opposite

directions. The petals clasp the column while the lip protrudes above.

Panmorphia involuta (L.O. Ae Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis involuta L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. os a 1946.

Ety.: From the Latin involutus, * ae ’ referring to the habit.

Syn.: Anathallis involuta (L.O.Williams) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6: X, 2003.

Syn.: Specklinia involuta (L.O.Williams) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261,

2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome 1-1.5 mm long between ramicauls; roots slender.

Ramicauls reclining to ascending, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath. Leaf more or less

prostrate, overlapping, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 3-5 mm long, subpetiolate, 2-3 mm wide, cuneate

below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a sublax, subsecund, successively 3- to 4-flowered

raceme, up to 15 mm long including the peduncle 10-12 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul,

floral bracts acute, 0.75-1 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals yellow, suffused

with red-purple, subcarinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, faintly 3-

satan the lateral sepals connate to about the middle into a broadly ovate, bifid lamina, 2 mm long, 2

m wide, 4-veined; petals translucent red, elliptical, slightly oblique, acute, thickened at the tip, 1.75

162 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mm long, | mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, long-ciliate, oblong, 1.5 mm long, O.5 mm wide, the

apex rounded, the disc shallowly channeled between a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the base with a

lobule at both corners, delicately hinged between to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above

the middle, tridentate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and

ventral.

MEXICO: Michoacan: Barranca de la Mina, southeast of Uruapan, alt. 1300 m, 20 Apr. 1933, O. Nagel

2249 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: MO). Oaxaca, Ixtlan, flowered in cultivation, Salazar 3887, C. Luer

illustr. 19172; sine loc., flowered in cultivation by the Jesups in Bristol, CT, 18 Oct. 1975, C. Luer 015

This tiny, creeping species, apparently endemic in southern Mexico, is charac-

terized by the overlapping, elliptical leaves, from between which the tiny peduncle

emerges. Great mats of intertwined, leafy ramicauls eventually develop. The

successively few-flowered raceme is held above the leaves. The widely gaping

flower is superficially similar to that of the frequent and widely distributed Pan-

morphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer with the erect, dorsal sepal; bifid synsepal; entire,

acute petals; and protruding, oblong, long-ciliate lip. The lip, however, is sulcate

medially between a pair of longitudinal calli.

Panmorphia iota (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis iota Luer, Selbyana 3: a 198.

Ety.: From the Greek letter iota, commonly meaning something little.

Syn.: Anathallis iota (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia iota (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome often 10 cm long, 3-15 mm long between ramicauls, with

2-3 sheaths; roots slender from along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending, 4-7 mm long, enclosed by 2-3

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, acute to subacute, 1.5-4 cm long, including an

indistinct petiole less than 1 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, gradually narrowed below to the base. Inflores-

cence a loose, flexuous, distichous, successively 2- to 7-flowered raceme, up to 2 cm long including the

peduncle 0.5-1 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 1.5-2 mm long; pedi-

cels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary | mm long, triquetrous; sepals fleshy, glabrous, yellow or ae suffused

with red-brown, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, subacute to obtuse, 5-6 mm long, 1.75-2 mm

wide, 3-veined, barely connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals oblong-ovate, aia. acute, 5-6

mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate at the base; petals translucent greenish white, micro-

scopically serrulate above the middle, oblong-ovate, acute, long-acuminate, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm

wide, 1-veined; lip yellow or orange, edged in purple, glabrous to microscopically ciliate, oblong-tri-

lobed, obtuse, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the lobes just below the middle, erect, triangular, antrorse, the

disc with a low longitudinal callus below the middle and minutely bilobulate at the base, the base with a

lobule at each corner, hinged between to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above the middle,

denticulate at the apex, 2-2.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

ECUADOR: Sine loc., collected by Janet Kuhn, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 20 Oct. 1975,

C. Luer 504 (Holotype: SEL). Loja: between Loja and Catamayo, B. Lgjtnant 15095 (AAU, SEL), C.

=a illustr. 8071.

RU: Amazonas: above Pomacochas, alt. 9,000 ft., K. Tokach P-37 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17828.

This little species occurs locally in southern Ecuador and adjacent northern

Peru. It is characterized by a creeping rhizome with short ramicauls and narrowly

obovate leaves; short, flexuous, few-flowered racemes. The sepals are acute; the

petals are long-acuminate; and the lip is three-lobed below the middle. It is related

to the larger Panmorphia lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer with a long-ciliate lip without

lateral lobes.

Panmorphia jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis jamaicensis Rolfe, J. Bot. 47: 122, 1909.

Ety.: Named for Jamaica, the country of origin.

Syn.: Specklinia jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 163

Plant small, epiphytic, can roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 10-18 mm long, enclosed by 3-4

close, ribbed, tubular sheat eaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse to subacute, with minutely erose

margins, 25-30 mm long adie a petiole 4-5 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, cuneate below into the pe-

tiole. Inflorescence a subcongested, successively 2- to 3-flowered raceme, 10-15 mm long including the

peduncle 5 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 3-4

mm long; ovary cuneate, 1.25 mm long; sepals light red-purple, fleshy-carinate, finely ciliate and pubes-

cent within, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate less than 1

mm to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals 6.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, forming at the base a

wide, the apical third widest, rounded, glabrous, with the margins of the basal half thin and ciliate, the

disc with a longitudinal callus, the base delicately hinged to the column-foot between a pair of mem-

branous lobules; column semiterete, winged above the middle, fimbriate at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot

thick, 1 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

MAICA: sine loc., cultivated at Kew, flowered first of Sept. 1886, submitted by D. Morris s.n.

(ae K), C. Luer illustr. 18918.

This species 1s apparently endemic and rare in Jamaica, no subsequent collection

known to have been made. It is related to the frequent and widely distributed

Panmorphia brevipes (H.Focke) Luer and its several, close affiliates from the

Andes and Brazil. I would suspect an error in the reported locality were it not for

the minutely erose-undulate margins of the leaves, a character peculiar to numerous

Greater Antillean species. Perhaps an ancient, disjunct population of P. brevipes

eventually acquired the trait that is so widely disseminated in the Antilles into more

than one genus, 1.e. Lepanthes Sw., and Stelis Sw.

Shorter than the elliptical leaf with minutely erose margins, the ramicaul is

nevertheless well-developed. The narrowly acute, fleshy sepals are finely pubes-

cent within, and shortly connate basally. The petals are also narrowly acute, ciliate

below the middle and thickened above. The lip is spathulate with the apical third

thick, broadly rounded and flat. The margins below the middle are thin and long-

ciliate. A thick, longitudinal callus extends from the delicately bilobulate base to

the apical third.

Panmorphia kuhniae (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis kuhniae Luer, Selbyana 3: 130, 1976.

Ety.: Named in honor of Janet Kuhn who discovered and cultivated this species.

Syn.: Specklinia kuhniae (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

nt small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 15-25 mm long, enclosed by 3-4

close, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with purple, elliptical, acute, 23-32 mm

long, 6-7 mm wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, congested, flexu-

ous, successively many-flowered raceme, 10-35 mm long including the peduncle 10-15 mm long, from

curved, subacute, ciliate, 2.25 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined; lip maroon, oblong, rounded and yellow

at the apex, 1.75 mm long, O.6 mm wide, microscopically pubescent, ciliate below the middle, the disc

with a low, conical callus with a minutely concave summit at the base, the base bilobulate, hinged to the

column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot pubescent,

0.5 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

PERU: sine loc., collected by Janet Kuhn, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 20 Oct. 1975, C. Luer

597 (Holotype: SEL).

This species, related to the widely distributed Panmorphia brevipes (H.Focke)

Luer, is apparently endemic in Peru and rarely collected. It differs from P. brevipes

164 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

with the smaller habit and smaller flowers that are produced slowly and successive-

ly over a long period of time in a congested raceme that eventually surpasses the

leaf in length. The sepals are acute; the petals are oblong, curved, subacute and

ciliate; and the lip is oblong, ciliate and bilobulate at the base. The usual callus

down the center of the lip is low with a minute cavity at the summit.

en Dae lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis lasioglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 59, 1921.

Ely.: From the Greek lasioglossa, “‘a hairy tongue,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: al dilee! sie Luer, Phytologia 46: 367, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin implexus, “entangled, interlaced,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Anathallis ae (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261,.2004.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome up to 50 cm long, 1-2 cm long bet-

ween ramicauls, with 2-3 sheaths; roots slender from along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending, 1.5-2 cm

long including the peduncle 1 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 2-2.5

mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, triquetrous; sepals fleshy, glabrous, greenish rose

externally, purple within, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 10 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

mm wide, connate ca. 0.5 mm, 3-veined; petals translucent yellow-green with red margins, serrate abov

the middle, oblong, acute, long-acuminate, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, purple ae

and along margins, long-ciliate, oblong-obovate, aes 2.25 mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc longitudi-

i svt tallest at a base, the base with a lobule at each corner, hinged between to the oS foot;

column semiterete, winged above the middle, long- ae at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the foot | mm

a the arilies and eres hooded and ventral.

ECUADOR: Chimborazo: mountains above Riobamba, A. Mille s.n. (Holotype: presumably destroyed

at B); epiphytic in scrubby trees east of Riobamba, below exit tunnel above Quimay, alt. 3100 m, 14

Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4793 (holotype of P. implexa: SEL, neotype of P. lasioglossa

here designated: SEL); Morona-Santiago: near Offa, alt. 2600 m, collected by A. Sanchez, 26 July 2004,

A. Hirtz 8871 (MO).

This species, apparently rare and endemic in southern Ecuador, is characterized

by a long, creeping rhizome that produces a loose, hanging, entangled mass of inter-

twined rhizomes and ramicauls. The ramicauls are short; the leaves are narrowly

obovate; the inflorescence is a flexuous raceme of successive flowers, that usually

does not surpass the leaf. The sepals are narrowly acute; the petals are serrated and

long-apiculate; and the lip is minutely ciliate, oblong, with short, obtuse, marginal

angles below the middle, and a thickened minutely papillose apex.

Panmorphia lewisiae (Ames) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis lewisiae Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash 7 42, 1931.

Ety.: Named in honor of its collector, Margaret Ward Lewis.

Syn.: Anathallis lewisiae (Ames) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6: 11, 2003,

Syn.: Specklinia lewisiae (Ames) Luer, eee Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261, 2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome 1.5-2 mm long between ramicauls, with muriculate

sheaths; roots proportionately thick. Ramic le reclining to ascending, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a

muriculate, tubular sheath. Leaf more or less prostrate, hae thickly coriaceous, minutely sub-

verrucose, elliptical, ae sessile, 6-15 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, cuneate below into the base. Inflores-

cence a sublax, subsecund, successively 3- to 6- ects raceme, up to 10 mm long, borne by a slender

peduncle 5-8 onic a fom near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts acute, muriculate, 1-2 mm long;

pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals purple to yellow, suffused with purple, subcarinate,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal aie acute, 4.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals

free, oblong-ovate, oblique, 4-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, l-veined, forming a small mentum with the

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 165

column-foot; petals translucent red-purple, elliptical, acute, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, minute-

ly glandular- -ciliate; lip dark purple, glandular-cellular, oblong-trilobed, subacute, 2.5 mm long, | mm

wide, with small, erect, subacute, triangular lobes near or below the middle, the disc featureless, the base

truncate, obscurely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate

at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

GUATEMALA: Izabal: near Puerto Barrios, alt. 175 ft., 2 Aug. 1930, Margaret W. Lewis 2 (Holotype:

AMES). Petén: near Flores, flowered in cultivation, Fred Fuchs s.n. (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 059.

MEXICO: Chiapas: Ococingo, Palenque, Boca Lacantum, alt. 180 m, 10 Aug. 1984, E. Martinez S.

6935 (MEXU, MO).

HONDURAS: Atlantida: Lancetilla Valley near Tela, 5 Dec. 1927 - 20 Mar. 1928, P.C. Standley 55202

(AMES).

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres s.n. (W). Puntarenas: Parqué Nacional Corcovado, alt.

10-200 m, 5 Aug. 1988, C. Kernan & P. Philllips 771 (CR), C. Luer illustr. 16512; Golfito Jiménez, Rio

Piro, alt. 45 m, 16 Sept. 1990, A. Chacén 1042 (CR); Golfito Piro, Jiménez, alt. 100 m, 9 Sept. 1991, R.

Aguilar 367 (CR, MO); Peninsula de Osa, Sendero Sirena, alt. 10 m, 12 June 1994, R Aguilar 3370 (INB,

MO).

PANAMA: Panama: Cerro Azul, 14 July 1964, R.L. Dressler 2918 (SEL); Cerro Campana, Mar. 1971,

odson Sr. s.n. (SEL), flowered in cultivation 10 Oct. 1974, C.Luer illustr. 059. Canal Zone: Navy

Reservation north of Gamboa, 14 June 1964, R.L. Dressler 2910 (SEL

This little, creeping species, 1s widely distributed in Central America. It is

characterized by the thick, slightly verrucose, elliptical, overlapping leaves, from

between which the peduncle rises and bears a successively flowered raceme. The

sheaths and bracts are minutely muriculate. The sepals are free, acute and spread-

ing; the petals are acute with minutely glandular-ciliate edges; and the lip is oblong

to trilobed with minute, triangular lobes near the middle.

Panmorphia mazei (Urb.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis Meee Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. aon Veg. 15: 104, 1919, replaced name for P.

elegantula (Cogn.) 19

Ety.: Named in honor a 7 P. Mazé (1818-1892), botanist who worked on the flora of Guadeloupe.

Syn.: Pleurothallis elegantula Cogn., Symb. Antill. 6: 411, 1909, not Pleurothallis elegantula Cogn.

1906.

Ety.: From the Latin elegantulus, ‘‘elegant,”’ referring to the pretty, little plant.

Syn.: Specklinia mazei (Urb.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 loose, thin, tubular sheaths. Lea f erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 6-12 mm

0.25-0.5 mm long; floral bracts 0.5-0.75 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals membranous, yellow,

glabrous except for marginal, microscopic, cellular excrescencies, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute

(narrowly obtuse), concave, 1.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to

above the middle into an ovate, bifid, bicarinate lamina with acute apices, 2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide;

petals membranous, oblong-obovate, obtuse, 1.25 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, no visible vein; lip yellow,

fleshy, cellular-glandular, oblong-subtrilobed, 1.75 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, 0.8 mm wide across the

lateral lobes expanded, the apex rounded, the margins below the middle erect, shee rounded, the disc

marta -verrucose, featureless, the base truncate, broadly hinged to the column-foot; column stout, 0.5

ong, wingless, the anther apical, oe covering a pair of large, el pollinia without

ace the stigma ventral, the foot ca. 0.4 mm lon

UADELOUPE: Bois du Nez Cassé, alt. 1050-1150 m, 1 Oct. 1903, P. Duss 4178 (Holotype: BR,

ae AMES, BM, NY); sine loc., P. Duss s.n. (NY), C. Luer illustr. 19027.

Described as Pleurothallis elegantula Cogn., a later homonym of a Brazilian

species, this tiny species is rare and endemic on the island of Guadeloupe; no recent

collections are known. It is characterized by the caespitose habit with ramicauls

less than two millimeters long that bear elliptical leaves mostly less than one cen-

timeter long. The twice longer Inflorescence bears two or three flowers in a distant-

166 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

timeter long. The twice longer Inflorescence bears two or three flowers in a distant-

ly flowered raceme. The dorsal sepal is cucullate and carinate, the laterals are

connate to above the middle into a bicarinate synsepal; the petals are membranous

and obtuse; and the proportionately large lip has erect, broadly rounded sides below

the middle. The anther is proportionately large and exposed at the apex. It incom-

pletely covers a pair of large, naked, spherical pollinia.

Panmorphia megalophora ler Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurot Phytologia 54: 7. 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek slash ea ea oe a large egg,”’ referring to the ovary.

Syn.: Anathallis megalophora (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001

Syn.: Specklinia megalophora (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

by 1-2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse to subacute, 15-22 mm long includ-

ing an ill-defined petiole 3-4 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

congested, successively several-flowered raceme, 5-15 mm long including the peduncle 3-5 mm long,

from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 1,5-2 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary

thickly carinate, 2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; sepals purple, fleshy-carinate, concave, narrowly triangular,

acute, the dorsal sepal 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, free from the lateral sepals, but not spreading, the lateral

sepals 8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; petals narrowly ovate, thickened above the middle, acute, minutely

pubescent, 5 mm long, | mm wide, with the midvein thickened; lip glabrous, more or less oblong-5-

delicately hinged to the column-foot; column ee ak winged, 1.25 mm long, the foot 1 mm

long within the apex of the thickly winged ovary, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

ECUADOR: Napo: wet forest near Rio Jatuncayu west of Tena, alt. 600 m, 21 Feb. 1982, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz & X. Leon 6933 (Holotype: SEL).

This little, ascending-caespitose species, is apparently endemic and uncommon

in lowland, eastern Ecuador. It is characterized by a short, congested, successively

flowered raceme about half as long as the leaf. The narrow sepals are fleshy-car-

inate and barely open. The narrow petals are minutely pubescent. The lip is bi-

lobed below the middle and bilobed at the base. A large, thickly winged ovary

suggests cleistogamy, but the flowers fall without forming capsules.

Panmorphia millipeda (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis millipeda Luer, Orquideologia oo: he

Ety.: From the Latin millipeda, ‘‘a millipede,”’ referring to the appearance of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia millipeda (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, presumably epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-5

mm long, enclosed by a loose, ribbed, tubular sheath. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse, petiolate,

10-11 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm m wide, cuneate below into an ill-defined petiole ca. 2 mm long. Inflores-

mm long; sepals dark purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, lightly concave, 5.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate, acute, 5.5 mm long, connate 2.5 mm into an

ovate, bifid lamina 2.5 mm wide; petals purple, oblique, 5 mm long, with the basal 1.5 mm broadly

dilated, 1.25 mm wide, contracted above into a narrowly eee ecean apex 3 mm eee with the

margins cellular-glandular; lip purple, ed eed r, straight, a e, 5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, densely

long-ciliate above the middle, the disc with two erect, conical calli c one in front of the see bilobulate at

the base, hinged between to the column-foot; laut semiterete with marginal wings, eo late at the

apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with the anther deeply hooded and the stigma ventral.

alia audi ‘“‘Chacayacu,”’ undated, FC. Lehmann s.n. (Holotype: K), C. Luer illustr.

7298,

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, ovate, acute, 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; petals translucent,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 167

This small species is known only from a single plant collected by Lehmann in

the nineteenth century. The tiny tuft of obovate leaves is no different from that of

numerous other allied species. The dark purple flowers are borne in loose racemes

that far surpass the leaves. The sepals are narrowly ovate and acute, and the laterals

are connate to above their middle. The petals are obliquely dilated above the base,

then contracted into a long, cellular, filiform apex. The lip is straight, narrowly

linear, and densely long-ciliate above the middle, possibly in disguise as a milliped

to lure a pollinator. |

Panmorphia minima (C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis minima C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 82, 1935

Ety.: From the Latin minimus, “very small,’’ alluding to the plant and flowers.

Syn.: Specklinia minima (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 4-7 mm long

including a petiole 0.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a con-

gested, secund, few-flowered raceme 2-2.5 mm long, borne by an erect, filiform peduncle, 6-7 mm long,

from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 0.75 mm long; pedicel 0.75 mm long; sepals red-purple,

membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, subacute, 3-3.3 mm long, 1 mm wide, faintly 3-veined,

the lateral sepals connate into a shortly bifid, broadly ovate lamina, 3 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 2-veined;

petals translucent red-purple, ovate, oblique, acute, shortly ciliate, 2.4 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; lip

maroon, oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 2 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the margins thin an erect below the middle,

the disc with a pair of longitudinal calli, in apposition at the base, slightly diverging toward the middle,

the base minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at

the apex, 1.5 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral

GUYANA: Barima-Barama road, 25 Aug. 1896, E.F: im Thurn 166 (Holotype: K); Bartica-Potaro road,

18 Aug. 1937, N.Y. Sandwith 1117 (K

FRENCH GUIANA: Montagne de ee 7 May 1985, C. Cremers 8685 (CAY), C. Luer illustr. 18681.

This tiny species is little more than a geographical variation of the widely dis-

tributed Panmorphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer. Its only claim to distinction is its tiny

habit, and a short, crowded, secund raceme, instead of a densely flowered raceme of

fasciculated pedicels.

se minutalis (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis dpi aiane Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleural 40, 1339.

Ety.: From the Latin minutalis, “‘minute,”’ referring to the h

Syn.: Pleurothallis aieiok chb.f., Linnaea 22: 832, 1849 (publ. ee as not H.Focke 1849.

Ety.: From the Latin peel ie ‘with thick leaves,” referring to the lea

os p

yn.: Palmoglossum crassifolium Klotzsch ex Rchb.f., nomen tantum, Xenia Orch. 1: 174, 1856.

Syn.: Humboldtia pachyphylla Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 666, 1891

Ety.: From the Greek pachyphyllos, “‘with thick leaves,”’ referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Humboldtia minutalis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 668, 1891.

Syn.: Anathallis minutalis (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia minutalis (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, rhizome 2-6 mm long; roots slender, scattered along rhizome.

amicauls erect, slender, 2-5 mm long, enclosed by 2 ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coria-

suffused with orange or red at the apex, ovate, acute, attenuate, microscopically erose, 2.5-3.5 mm long,

.75-1 mm wide; lip purple or dark red, thick, narrowly ovate, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc

convex, shallowly channeled, with the apex acute or narrowly rounded, the base truncate, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete with marginal wings, denticulate or lacerate at the apex, 2 mm long, the

foot stout, less than 1 mm long, with the anther deeply hooded and the stigma ventral.

168 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

MEXICO: sine loc., Ehrenberg s.n. (Holotype: K). Veracruz: Jalapa, Mirador, May 1878, Kienert s.n.

(holotype of P. crassifolia: W). Jalisco: northeast of Ciudad Guzman, Cerro e la Ribera, alt. 1700-1900

m, 19 Sept. 1936, O. Nagel 6338 (AMES, MO). Guerrero: south of Chilpancingo, alt. 2100 m, 19 Oct.

1936, O. Nagel & J. Gonzales 3257 (AMES, MOQ); near Santa Barbara, alt. 2 12 Nov. 1932, J

Gonzales 1668 (A S). Colina: Barranca Delgado, alt. 800-900 m, Sept. 1934, O. Nagel 4040

(AMES). Chiapas: Chanal, cultivated at UC, 3 Jan. 1961, R. Alava s.n. (A D, K, MO, U

US); epiphytic along Las Rosas road, alt. 2000 ft., 8 Dec. 1966, flowered in cultivation, 3 June 1975, R.

McCullough 1776 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 0188.

GUATEMALA: near Guatemala City, purchased in the market by M.W. Lewis 26A (AMES). Alta

Verapaz: La Choa, Coban National Park, alt. 200 m, cultivated by H. Ibafiez in Coban, 27 Nov. 1990, C.

Luer 1486] (MO).

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 48 (W).

This species is distributed in the lowland forests of eastern Mexico and Guate-

mala, and south into Costa Rica. It is characterized by a shortly creeping rhizome;

short ramicauls; and thick, erect leaves that vary from elliptical to narrowly obo-

vate. The inflorescence is shorter than the leaf; the peduncle bears the flower,

sometimes followed by a second, or sometimes two flowers simultaneously; the

floral bract is minutely glandular; the sepals are glabrous and acute; the petals are

acuminate and more or less microscopically erose; and the dark red or purple lip is

ovate and thick with a convex surface to either side of a shallow, medial groove.

Panmorphia muricaudata (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis muricaudata Luer, Selbyana 7: 119, 1982

Ety.: From the Latin muricaudatus, “‘mouse-tailed,”’ referring to the tips of the petals.

Syn.: Anathallis muricaudata (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 249, 2001

Syn.: Specklinia muricaudata (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, petiolate, subacute to

obtuse, 10-20 mm long including a petiole 3-8 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole.

Inflorescence a loose, subflexuous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 cm long, including the

peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm

long; ovary 0.75-1 mm long; sepals red-purple, membranous, minutely ciliate-pubescent within, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, thickened toward the apex, 2.75-3.5 mm long, 1.25-1.75 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals connate into an elliptical-ovate, obtuse, minutely bifid lamina, 2.75-3.75 mm long, 2-

2.25 mm wide, 4-veined, forming a broad mentum with the column-foot; petals translucent red-purple,

glabrous below the middle, obovate, obtuse, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, abruptly contracted into a fili-

form, pubescent tail 1 mm long; lip purple, oblong-subpandurate, ciliate, 1.6-1.75 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm

wide, the apex contracted with decurved margins into an obtuse tip, the disc with a longitudinal pair of

calli, tall and in apposition at the base, diverging toward the middle to create a central cavity, reuniting

toward the apex, the base bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column broadly winged above the

middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.25 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: cloud forest above Chiriboga, alt, 2000 m, 7 Mar. 1982, A. Hirtz & A. Leon s.n.

(Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 7225; between Mindo and Nono, alt. 2200 m, 3 Mar. 1992, S. Dalstrém

1602 (MO). Napo: new road to Coca north of Archidona, alt. 1200 m, 13 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 11236 (MO). Morona-Santiago: between San Juan Bosco and Gualaceo, alt. 1850 m, 28 Mar.

D ‘Alessandro 169 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 8078; near Zumba, alt. ca. 1000 m, cultivated at Beuapencia,

Gualaceo, 5 Mar, 2001, C. Luer 19707 (MO).

COLOMBIA: sine loc., collected by and cultivated by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 5 May 1990, C. Luer

14747 (MO

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, ao Yipe, alt. 1700 m, collected Aug. 1991, flowered in cultivation in

Quito, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5704 (M

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna a site, alt. 1100 m, 16 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. & K. Dressler

10577 (MO).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 169

This little, caespitose species, indistinguishable from numerous other, small,

similar species, is apparently local but widely distributed from Panama into Bolivia.

It is characterized by a lax, flexuous, successively flowered raceme that surpasses

the leaves. The sepals are minutely pubescent. The petals are contracted from the

middle into a filiform, pubescent tail. The lip is oblong-subpandurate and ciliate

with a pair of calli that diverge in the middle to create a central cavity. The edges

of the apex of the lip may or may not recurve into a short, tubular tip.

Panmorphia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis nanifolia Foldats, Bol. Soc. Venez. os 258, 1961.

Ety.: From the Latin nanifolius, ‘“‘very small-leaved,”’ referring to the foliage.

Syn.: Specklinia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome up to 10 cm long or longer, forming dense mats,

m long, enclosed by a tubular sheath. Leaf more or less prostrate, oe thickly coriaceous,

eg elliptical to round, obtuse, sessile, 4-9 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, broadly cuneate below into the

. Inflorescence a sublax, subsecund, successively 3- to 4- dace i raceme, up to 10 mm long in-

adhe the peduncle 2-4 mm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels

1.5 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; nn purple, membranous, slightly thickened toward the apex,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, acute, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral

sepals free, oblong-ovate, oblique, 3.5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, forming a small

mentum with the column-foot; petals glabrous, translucent red-purple, elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, cellular-papillose, narrowly oblong, rounded at the narrow,

thickened apex, 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with low, obtuse, lobe-like margins below the middle, the disc

shallowly channeled between low, longitudinal calli, the base truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the

column-foot; column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.5 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm

long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: near Rfo Asa above Raudal Cotua, south - La Sai can alt. 300 m, 1 Aug.

1960, J.A. Steyermark 86725 (Holotype: VEN; Isotypes: AMES, NY, US). Amazonas: Puerto Aya-

cucho, near Cataniapo bridge, alt. 120 m, Dec. 1965, G.C.K. DHA. 369.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: collected near Gualaquiza, cultivated at Ecuagenera, flowered in

cultivation by Ecuagenera, July 2004, A. Hirtz 8835 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20960.

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Alto Beni, alt. 930 m, 1 Sept. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & L.

Moreno 15398 (MO). Santa Cruz: west of Buena Vista, collected by Luis Moreno, flowered in cultiva

tion by Fred Fuchs, Jr., in Naranja, ae mle C. Luer 374-S (SEL); Buena Vista, alt. 390 m, sellecied

and cultivated by D. Ric, flowered in cultivation in Montero, 20 Aug. 1991, C. Luer 15334 (MO).

Panmorphia nanifolia occurs locally and uncommonly across the Amazon basin

from Venezuela to Bolivia. It is characterized by erect, successively few-flowered

racemes that rise from mats of minute, round, overlapping leaves. Dunsterville

aptly called these tiny, creeping, round-leaved species “‘confetti-leaved”’ (see page

191). The sepals are free, and the similar petals are nearly as large. The lip is

oblong and shallowly channeled down the middle.

Panmorphia oblanceolata (L.O.Williams) Luer, comb. nov, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis oblanceolata L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 12: 241, 1946.

Ety.: From the Latin oblanceolatus, “oblanceolate,” referring to the narrowly obovate leaves.

Syn.: Anathallis oblanceolata (L.O.Williams) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6: 11,

Syn.: Specklinia oblanceolata (L.O.Williams) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262,

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome slender, 2-3 mm long between ramicauls; roots

slender along the rhizome. Ramicauls suberect, 5-12 mm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, narrowly o ae. eee. 2-4 cm long including a petiole 0.5-1 cm long, 4-7 m

wide, narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, subflexuous, successively 2- to 3-flowered

170 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

raceme, up to 10 mm long including the peduncle 5-6 mm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral

bracts 1.5-3 mm long; pedicel 1.5-4 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals amber yellow, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, 4.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, narrowly

narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, attenuate, 3 mm long, 0.5 e ee 1-veined; lip blackish purple, gla-

brous, narrowly elliptical, en 3-lobed, acute, 2.6 mm , 0.6 mm wide, the margins erect, obtu-

sely angled (lobed) below the middle , the disc cellular- ace in the basal fourth, shallowly channeled

between a pair of parallel carinae from the base to about the middle, the base bilobulate, hinged to the

column-foot; column semiterete, long-fringed at the apex, 2 mm long including the fringe, the foot 0.25

mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventra

MEXICO: Oaxaca: valley of Copalita, northwest of Pluma Hidalgo, alt. 1000-1100 m, 1 Sept. 1937, O.

Nagel & Juan Gonzales 6456 (Holotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 17183.

This species is known only from the original collection by Otto Nagel in Oaxa-

ca, Mexico. It is distinguished by the slender, shortly repent rhizome, and narrowly

obovate leaves. The flowers are produced successively in a short, lax raceme.

The free sepals are acute, with the laterals narrower and curved. The petals are

narrow and attenuate. The lip is narrowly elliptical, obscurely lobed below the

middle, and channeled medially between a pair of calli on the lower half.

Panmorphia pachyphyta (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis pachyphyta Luer, Selbyana 1: 302, 1975

Ety.: From the Greek pachyphyton, “‘with thick leaves,”’ referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Anathallis pachyphyta (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 250, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia pachyphyta (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant a epiphytic, shortly repent, rhizome stout, 3-5 mm long; roots slender, scattered along the

rhizome. Ramicauls ascending to erect, stout, 4-5 mm long, enclosed by 2 ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf

erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical to obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2-5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate

below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, successively few-flowered

raceme, 3-5 mm long including the peduncle ca. 1 mm long, emerging from the apex of the ramicaul at

the base of the leaf; floral bracts scabrous, 2 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals

orange, fleshy, subcarinate, concave, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, acute, 4-5 mm long, 2 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, ovate, oblique, thickened at the acute tips, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide; petals orange, red at the apex, fleshy, glabrous, ovate, acute, acuminate, 3-3.5 mm long, 1 mm

wide; lip red, oblong, obtuse, more or less apiculate, obscurely 3-lobed, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the

margins with an obtuse angle (lobe) below the middle, coarsely ciliate below the middle, the disc cellular

papillose toward the base, shallowly channeled between a pair of low, longitudinal calli below the

middle, the base truncate, bilobulate, hinged between to the column-foot; column semiterete with mar-

ginal wings, denticulate-lacerate at the apex, 2 mm long, the foot stout, 0.5 mm long, with the anther

hooded and the stigma ventra

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: in trees between Bafios and Puyo, alt. 1500 m, 1974, EF. Fuchs, Jr. s.n. (Holo-

type: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 132B. Azuay: near Cuenca, 1974, C.M. Chowning s.n. (SEL), C. Luer illustr.

tn Amazonas: Iquitos, collected by Fred Fuchs, flowered in cultivation 1 Dec. 1975, C. Luer 1253A

(SEL).

This little species was collected several times in 1974 in Ecuador and Peru, but I

know of no other collection. Variable in size vegetatively, it is characterized by a

stout, creeping rhizome; thick, obovate leaves borne by short ramicauls; a short,

successively few-flowered raceme, and glandular floral bracts. The orange sepals

are fleshy, acute, and free above the base; the petals are fleshy and orange with red,

acuminate tips; the lip is red, oblong, ciliate below the middle with low, obtuse,

marginal lobes, and the base is bilobulate. The pubescent-scurfy floral bracts,

similar to those of Panmorphia lewisiae (Ames) Luer, distinguish it from its rela-

tives, 1.e. P. polygonoides (Griseb.) Luer with smooth floral bracts.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 17]

Panmorphia polygonoides (Griseb.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis polygonoides Griseb., Fl. Br. W. Ind. Is. 609 1864.

Ety.: From the Greek polygonoides, “like a Polygonum L.,”’ a genus in the buckwheat family.

Syn.: Humboldtia polygonoides (Griseb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Anathallis polygonoides (Griseb.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 250, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia polygonoides (Griseb.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome 3-9 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 2 tubular

sheaths; roots produced along the rhizome. Ramicauls stout, suberect, 1-4 mm long, enclosed by a tubu-

lar sheath. Leaf suberect, coriaceous, elliptical, subsessile, 6-15 mm long, 3-5.5 mm wide, subacute to

rounded at the apex, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, lax, successively

1- to 2-flowered raceme, borne by a suberect peduncle 2-5 mm long, from a node below the base of the

leaf; floral bract 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5-1 mm long; sepals yellow-green,

variously suffused with purple, glabrous, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.75-1.5 mm

wide, the lateral sepals oblique, free to the base, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.75-1.25 mm wide; petals colored as

the sepals, ovate, acute, 1.75-2.8 mm long, 0. 4. 1 mm wide; lip suffused with purple, or red, oblong-

ovate, obtuse, 3-lobed, 1.75-2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the lateral lobes below the middle, low, erect,

obtuse, but sometimes represented by merely a dilated margin, the disc shallowly sulcate between longi-

tudinal calli, the base subtruncate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 1.75

m long, denticulate-lacerate at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 0.5 mm long

TRINIDAD: sine loc., 1877-1880, A. Fendler 793 (Holotype: K); Arima, 15 Feb. 1846, Mr. Crueger s.n.

(K); near Arima, Dr. Bradford s.n. (BR, W); Cornupia, 22 Mar. 1892, D.W. Alexander s.n. (AMES);

Cipero Woods, 23 June 1908, WE. Broadvay 7008 (MO); Tocd road, Valencia, 16 Apr. 1920, N.L.

Britton, T.E. Hazen, W. Mendelson 1794 (AMES); Cocoa plantation, base of Mt. Tamana, 18 Apr. 1920,

N.L. Britton, T.E. Hazen, W. Mendelson 1970 (AMES); Mora Forest via Sangre Grande, 11 Aug. 1926,

W.E. Broadway 6383 (K), C. Luer illustr. 19065; Valencia, Toco road, 16 Apr. 1920, N.L. ee Te.

Hazen & W. Mendelson 1794 (AMES, NY); Conupia, 22 Mar. 1892, D.W. Alexander s.n. (AM

SURINAME: Mt. Goliath, alt. ca. 800 ft., flowered in cultivation in Livonia, MI, 12 i 190. R.

McCullough SUR- 10-86 (M

FRENCH GUIANA: Roche Touatou, Bassin de 1l’Oyapock, alt. 170 m, 17 May

1995, G. Cremers & J.J. de Granville 13950 (CAY, MO), C. Luer ill. 18676.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Guatopo, Bejuma-Canoabo road, alt. ca. 2000 ft., Sept. 1961, G.C.K. Dunster-

ville 669.

ECUADOR: Sucumbios: Imuya Cocha on Rio Lagarto Cocha, 30 July 1991, C.H. Dodson, P. Scharff &

M. Ryan 18862 (MO). Napo: Rio Salado, alt. 1300 m, 5 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 1945 (MO);

east slope of Reventador, alt. 1850 m, 11 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, a, Luer & A. Hirtz 11774 (MO). Morona-

Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1000 m, 4 Feb. 1987, C. Luer J. Luer & A

Hirtz 12613 (MO).8073.

PERU: Amazonas: above Pomacochas, 9,000 ft., K. Tokach P-42 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17879.

This species found in northern South America and the Andes is superficially

similar to the common, widely distributed and variable, Panmorphia sertularioides

(Sw.) Luer, differing mostly in short, broad leaves, and a shorter inflorescence. The

free sepals are not remarkably different, but the petals are more or less wider. The

lips have the classical midline callus and basal lobules.

Panmorphia rabei (Foldats) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis rabei Foldats, Acta. Bot. ee : 38:7,1968:.

Ety.: Named in honor of the co-collector M. Rabe

Syn.: Specklinia rabei (Foldats) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 0.5-2 cm long, enclosed he 2

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2-4 cm long, 1-1.5¢

wide, gradually pone below into a petiole 0.5-1 cm long. Inflorescence a subflexuous, See

few-flowered raceme up to 2 cm lee ng including the peduncle 0.5 cm long, from a node near the apex of

the ramicaul; aca bract 1.5-3 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals usually

purple, variously age and pubescent, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical, acute, 3-6.5 mm long, 1-

ined, the lateral sepals connate only at the base, ovate-triangular, oblique, acute, 2.75-

6.5 mm long, 1- S mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, elliptical-ovate, acute, ciliate-pubescent, 2-5 mm

172 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

0.5-1 mm wide, |-veined; lip dark red-purple, oblong-trilobed, 1.5 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide,

with the apex obtuse, the lateral lobes of varying sizes and shapes, erect, near the middle, minutely ciliate

or fringed, the disc slightly thickened, the base subtruncate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot;

column winged above the middle, denticulate at the apex, 1.5-2 mm long, with the anther, rostellum and

stigma hooded and ventral.

VENEZUELA: Trujillo: between Urbina and San Rafael, alt. 2300-2500 m, J.A. Steyermark & M. Rabe

97263 (Holotype: VEN). Dist. Fed.: 26 May 1963, J.A. Steyermark 91449 (AMES, VEN). Colonia

Tovar, Mar. 1956, G.C.K. Dunsterville

COLOMBIA: moist forest above Pacho, alt. 1900-2400 m, Feb. 1892, F.C. Lehmann s.n. HK-140 (K).

Caqueta: beyond La Tagua, alt. 200 m, 21 May 1956, S. Vogel 102 (AMES).

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: above Valladolid, alt. 2200 m, 19 May 1986, D. D’Alessandro 682

(MO).

PERU: Amazonas: Bongara, road to Pomacochas, above Puente Ingenio, alt. 2200 m, 7 Oct. 1964, culti-

vated at UC, 21 Nov. 1966, P.C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 6883 (AMES), C. Luer illustr. 19295.

This widely distributed species is noteworthy for the extreme variability of size,

color, pubescence, and lobes of the lip. A common variation was described by

Foldats as Pleurothallis rabei [=Panmorphia rabei|. Because of a misidentifica-

tion, P. rabei was erroneously known for many years as Pleurothallis breviscapa

C.Schweinf. [=Panmorphia rabei], a similar but distinctly different species.

Panmorphia rabei is distinguished by a ramicaul shorter than the leaf, and a short,

few-flowered raceme. The sepals and petals are variously ciliate and pubescent.

The lip is oblong and trilobed with lateral lobes of various sizes below but near the

middle. An extremely large, similar species with a seven-veined dorsal sepal in-

stead of three-veined, and with long, narrow, ciliate lateral lobes of the lip is rec-

ognized as Panmorphia dalessandroi (Luer) Luer. An even vegetatively larger

species with only three-veined sepals and markedly reduced lobes of the lip is

recognized as Panmorphia sanchezii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer.

Panmorphia reptilis (Luer & Dalstré6m) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis reptilis Luer & Dalstrém, Lindleyana 11: 183, oe.

Ety.: From the Latin reptilis, “creeping,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Specklinia reptilis (Luer & Dalstr6m) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 8-10 cm long, the rhizome 3 mm long between ramicauls,

enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths; roots comparatively thick, produced along the rhizome. Ramicauls stout,

suberect, 1 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical to subcircu-

lar, subsessile, 6-9 mm long, 4-5,5 mm wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, notched, the rounded below

and contracted at the base. Inflorescence racemose, the peduncle erect, 1 mm long, bearing a single

flower, often followed by a second; floral bract infundibular, 1.5 mm long; pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 1

mm long; sepals brownish yellow, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 4,5 mm long, = ° mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate only at the base, falcate-ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.5 m

3-veined; petals narrowly falcate-ovate, acute, 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, aia

glandular, ovate, acute, 3-lobed, 3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect,

minutely erose, the disc longitudinally bicarinate, the carinae tallest near the middle, the base subtrun-

cate, bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, denticulate at the

apex, anther, rostellum and stigma hooded and ventral, the foot concave

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe; Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, wet forest, alt. 1650 m,

13 Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & H. Wanntorp 1909 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16610

Vegetatively, this little, creeping species is similar to the other repent eer. of

this genus, 1.e. Panmorphia angulosa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer and P. polygonoides

(Griseb.) Luer. It is distinguished from all of them by the broadly elliptical, subsessile

leaves and a one-millimeter-long peduncle emerging from below the apex of the

ramicaul, and that bears one flower, but sometimes followed by a second. The

sepals are not remarkably different, but the acute petals are subfalcate, and the

bicarinate lip is three-lobed with the lobes erose, erect, and antrorse.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 173

Panmorphia ricii (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis ricii Luer & Vasquez, Rev. Soc. Bol. Dee Hee 14, 1

Ety.: Named in honor of Darwin Ric of Montero, Bolivia, co-collector - this species.

Syn.: Specklinia ricii (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263,

2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 1.5-3 cm long, enclosed by 3

thin, tubular sheaths with red, veinlike ribs. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 30-45 mm

on mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence a subdense,

snecessively 3- to 4-flowered raceme up to 15 mm long including the filiform peduncle 5-10 mm long;

floral bract thin, 1.5 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary | mm long; sepals yellow, fleshy, glabrous,

the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 3.25 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the lateral sepals free, suffused with brown,

ovate, oblique, acute, 2.75 mm long, 1 mm wide; petals yellow, ovate-triangular, ciliate, 2.25 mm long,

m ide, the apex acute, cellular-glandular; lip yellow with a brown, central stripe, oblong, ciliate, 2

mm long, 0. 75 mm wide, the apex rounded, the margins more or less incurved below the middle, the disc

with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, base subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete,

1.5 mm long, shallowly winged, obtusely angled at the apex, the foot thick, | mm long.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: epiphytic in seasonally dry forest, Bulo-bulo, alt. 300 m, west of Yapacani, 22

Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 15341 (Holotype: MO).

This little species from a lowland, seasonally dry forest in Bolivia is character-

ized by the narrowly elliptical leaf borne by an equally long ramicaul with red-

veined sheaths. The inflorescence is a short, successively 3- to 4-flowered raceme.

The small sepals and petals spread widely to expose the comparatively large,

oblong, ciliate lip with a pair of longitudinal calli. The petals are ciliate and cellu-

lar-glandular at the acute apex.

Panmorphia sanchezii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis sanchezii Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23: 36, 2002.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Eduardo Sanchez of Cuenca, Ecuador, co-collector of this species.

Syn.: Specklinia sanchezii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, diana a Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Plant large for the genus Panmorphia, epiphy t,2-3cm long,

enclosed by 3, loose, imbricating, tubular nn “Tee erect, coriaceous, eee o e 9 cm long

including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate ares into the petiole. Inflorescence a con-

gested, successively few-flowered raceme ca. 3 mm lon seh a peduncle ca. 1 m ai ng, from a

node 4 mm below the apex of the ramicaul cece aa floral bract 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel 2-2.5

m long; ovary triquetrous, 1.5 mm long; sepals red-brown, white toward the base, minutely ciliate,

carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly

O eC m 2mm wide, co tk p O

oblong, subacute, ciliate-pubescent, 4.5 mm long, | mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, oblong-

pyriform, 2.25 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, with the apex rounded, the lateral lobes low, broadly rounded,

marginal, below the middle, the disc densely glandular-pubescent above the base, the base Sines

bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column winged above the middle, Ascii at the apex, 2 mm

long, with the anther, rostellum and stigma hooded and ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: between Limén and Rio Zamora, along Rio Yanguza, alt. 1200 m, 22

Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, E. Sanchez & S. Marin 7053 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19355.

This species is most similar to Panmorphia dalessandroi (Luer) Luer, with

which it is also endemic in southern Ecuador. Both species are related to the

smaller, common, P. rabei (Foldats) Luer, but distinguished by habits larger than

other related species of the genus. From P. dalessandroi, P. sanchezii is distin-

guished by larger leaves, but smaller flowers with the sepals only three-veined

instead of seven-veined. The petals are oblong and subacute, and the lip is obovate

with lateral lobes low and broadly obtuse. The base of the lip is densely glandular-

pubescent.

174 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ae seriata (Lindl.) Luer, comb. nov

Ba othallis seriata Lindl., Edwards’ s Bot. Ree: 29: Misc. 75, 1840.

- ota the Latin seriatus, “in rows,”’ referring to the flowers in the raceme.

Syn.: Humboldtia seriata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sphaeroglossa Hoehne, Arquiv. Bot. Estad. Sao Paulo 1: 11, 1938.

Ety.: From the Greek sphaeroglossa, * ‘spheroid tongue,” referring to the apex of the labellum.

Syn.: Pleurothallis diffusiflora C.Schweinf,. Bot. Mus. Leafl.,

Ety.: From the Latin diffusiflorus, “diffusely flowered, ” fienine to the inflorescence.

. Specklinia seriata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-15 mm long, enclosed

by 2 ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, sometimes spotted with purple, petiolate, 20-50 mm

long including the petiole 10-15 mm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 8-

es)

—N

the ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals yellow-green,

more or less veined or dotted with gs al oe eae subcarinate, the dorsal sepal obovate,

obtuse, concave below the middle, 6-7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to

near the apex into an elliptical-obovoid, bifid, bicarinate cul forming a small mentum below the tip

of the column-foot, 6-7 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 6-veined, the apices obtuse; petals mottled with

purple, spathulate, broaaly obtuse with minutely denticulate-erose margins, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm

wide, l-veined, minutely verrucose both internally and externally; lip bright purple to purple-black,

oblong, trilobed, 3. 4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, with the apical half thickened, bulbo ous and rounded at

ete, 2 mm long, with a pair of apical teeth, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long.

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: sine loc., received by the Royal Horticultural Society, cultivated by John

Hearne, Esq. s.n. (Holotype: K); Macaé de Cima Reserve, alt. 1380-1500 m, cultivated by David Miller,

22 Sept. 1996, C. Luer 180/8 (MO). Espirito Santo: near Domingos Martens, cultivated by R. Kautsky,

26 Sept. 1996, C. Luer 18035 (MO). Parana: Matinhos do Parana, cultivated at Orquidario do Estado de

Sao Paulo, 22 Apr. 1937, Servico do Botanica e Agronomia 37,999 (holotype of P. sphaeroglossa: SP).

GUYANA: Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek, near Bartica, near sea-level, 7 Oct. 1929, N.Y. Sandwith

474 (holotype of P. diffusiflora: K); 1898, E.F. im Thurn 116 (K): Barima- Barama road, Camp No. 6,

E.F. im Thurn 172 (K).

SURINAME: Zeldzaam, Orchids of Suriname by Marga C.M. Werkhoven, page 210, 1986.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Altiplanicie de Nuria, alt. 600-700 m, June 1975, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1339.

This species, without obvious relatives, is relatively frequent in the mountains of

southeastern Brazil, but it also occurs infrequently in northern, coastal South

America in Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname. Until future DNA analyses, the

relationships of this species will remain unclear.

Panmorphia seriata (Lindl.) Luer 1s characterized by a ramicaul shorter than the

leaf which is surpassed by a long, loose, flexuous raceme of distinctive flowers.

The sepals are obtuse with the laterals connate to near their apices. The petals are

broadly spathulate with the margins minutely erose and the surfaces minutely

verrucose. The apex of the lip is thick, spheroid, and minutely spiculate beneath;

above the base is a pair of small, erect, uncinate lobes; and in the center of the disc

is an ovoid cavity.

Panmorphia sertularioides (Sw.) Luer, comb. nov.

Ba drum sertularioides Sw., Prodr. 122, 1788.

Ety.: Named for the similarity of the species to a species of fern of the genus Sertularia.

Syn.: Dendrobium sertularioides (Sw.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1541, 1806.

Syn.: Pleurothallis sertularioides (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 721, 1826.

Syn.: Specklinia sertularioides (Sw.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 8, 1830.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tenuissima mee f., Linnaea 13: 339, 1

Ety.: From the Latin fenuissimus, ‘“‘very thin,”’ referring to the vegetative parts.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 175

Syn.: Pleurothallis trichopoda A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3(3): 17, 1845.

Ety.: From the Greek trichopodion, “‘a hair-like foot,”’ referring to the ramicaul.

Syn.: Humboldtia sertularioides (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, ree

Syn.: Humboldtia tenuissima (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1

Syn.: Humboldtia trichopoda (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ; 668, 1891.

n.: Anathallis sertularioides (Sw.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 250, 2001.

nt small, epiphytic, long-repent, up to 10 cm long or more, the rhizome 3-9 mm long between

ramicauls, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths; roots produced along the rhizome. Ramicauls stout, suberect, 1-

4 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath. Leaf suberect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-obovate, subsessile,

10-40 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, subacute to rounded at the apex, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base.

erect peduncle 3-10 mm long, from a node below the base of the leaf; floral bract 1-1.5 mm long; pedicel

3-5 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals yellow to yellow-green, orange or yellow at thickened apices,

glabrous, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 3.5-5 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, free

to the base, 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide; petals yellow, sometimes red at the tip, glabrous, narrowly

subfalcate-ovate, acute, 2.8-4 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; lip green to yellow or purple, more or less cellu-

lar-glandular, oblong-ovate, obscurely 3-lobed, narrowly obtuse at the apex, 1.75-3 mm long, 0.5-1 mm

wide, the lateral lobes (marginal angles) below the middle, low, erect, obtuse, the disc shallowly sulcate

between longitudinal calli, the base subtruncate with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged to the

column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 1.5-2 mm long, denticulate-lacerate at the apex, the anther, ros-

tellum and stigma hooded and ventral, the foot concave.

SU al ae collections:

JAMAICA: sine loc., O. Swartz (Holotype: S; Isotypes: BM, C, M, W); Beaufort, Wullschlaegel 1084

(W); near viee River, alt. 4,000 ft., 22 Nov. 1900, W. Harris s.n. (BM, K); Newmarket, 13-22 Sept.

1907, N.L. Britton 1554 (NY, US); Hollymount, 19 Sept. 1906, N.L. Brien 776 (AMES, NY). Por-

tland: John Crow Mts., Hog House Hill, alt. 1500 m, 17 Mar. 1977, A.C. Podzorski 35 (K). St. Thomas:

East of Morant River, alt. 500-700 m, 26 June 1966, G.R. Proctor 27522 (AMES). |

MEXICO: Vera Cruz: Mirador, alt. 3,000 ft., 1840, H. Galeotti 5166 (holotype of P. trichopoda: W;

isotypes: AMES, BR), C. Luer illustr. 19381; near mirador, Mar. 1842, FM. Liebmann 7321 (orchid nr.

228) (C); near Mirador, alt. 3,000-3,800 ft., £. Hohenacker s.n. (W); near Zacuapan, alt. 900 m, 20 Aug.

1933, O. Nagel 2654 (AMES). Oaxaca: Cuicatlén, Finca Union Francesa, alt. 350-450 m, 28 June 1939,

R. Schultes 725 (AMES). Chiapas: Ococingo, south of Frontera Corozal, above Rio Usumacinta, alt.

120 m, 29 May 1985, E. Martinez S. 12343 (MEXU, MO). Sine loc., FE. Leibold 620 (holotype of P.

tenuissima: W), C. Luer illustr. 19064.

GUATEMALA: Izabal: shores of Lago Izabal, alt. 50 m, 19 Apr. 1940, J.A. Steyermark 39678 (AMES,

F). Petén: between Cerro Ceibal and Ceibal, alt. 50 m, 1 May 1942, J.A. Steyermark 46175 (AMES).

BELIZE: Toledo: near Jancito Creek, Punta Gorda-San Antonio Road, P.H. Gentle 4974 (AMES); Maya

Mountains, Bladen Nature Reserve, hee of Ek Xux ruin, alt. 300 m, 21 May 1996, B.K. Holst & G.

Davidse 5466 (MO).

HONDURAS: vicinity of Truxillo, Copete Farm, alt. 150 ft., 14 Mar. 1923, O. Ames IT 189 (AMES).

Guimars, alt. 50 ft., 17 Mar. 1925, O. Ames IT 22] (AMES). poe Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, alt.

20-600 m, 6 Dec. 1928, P.C. Standley 52796, 54350 (AMES). (

NICARAGUA: Granada: Volcan Mombacho, alt. 550 m, A.H. Le 7458 (SEL). Matagalpa: Nepple,

1974, C. Luer 140 (SEL).

COSTA RICA: above i. eae along path to the savanna de los Guanados, ca. 1867, A. Endres 45,

sketch 55] (illustr. at W). acaste: Vicinity of Tilaran, alt. 500-650 m, 10-31 Jan. 1926, P.-C. Stand-

ley & J. Valerio 45003 a ES),

PANAMA: Chiruqui: San Vicente, 12 Sept. 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1253 (SEL).

CUBA: Oriente: Sept. 1859-Jan. 1860, C. a | (AMES, BM, BR, HAC, K, NY, W); Feb. 1865,

C. Wright 3347 (AMES, BM, BREM, HAC, K, MO, W); crest of Sierra Maestra, alt. 1300- 1500 m, 23

Jan. 1956, C.V. Morton 9450 (BM, US). ae. Sierr ra Nipe, near Woodfred, alt. 450-550 m, 5 Dec.

1909, J.A. Schafer 3036 (AMES, K, NY); crest of Sierra Nipe, alt. 600-700 m, 16-17 Oct. 1941, C.V.

Morton & J. Acufia 3180 (AMES, HAC, K, NY, US); Sierra de Nipe, Piloto, alt. 350 m, 3 Oct. 1919,

E.L. Ekman 9787 (AMES, NY, S); Moa, La Melba, alt. SOO m, 27 Dec. 1968, J. Bisse & H. Lippold

Mountains, Hanabanilla Falls, 1 Mar. 1910, N.L. Britton et al. 4862 ee NY). Granma: Bartolomé

Masé6, Santo Domingo, alt. 1300 m, 26 Apr. 1979, J. Bisse et al. s.n. JB).

VENEZUELA: Guatopo, Bejuma-Canoabo road, alt. ca. 2,000 ft., Sept. 1961, G.C_K. Dunsterville 669.

BRAZIL: Para: Altamira, 10 Mar. 1983, A. Seidel 1332 (HB

ECUADOR: Zamora Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, alt. 1300 m, C. Luer 13473 (MO, QCNE).

BOLIVIA: sine loc., R. Vasquez 1364 (MO), C. Luer illustr 16391 (MO).

176 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is frequent and widely distributed in tropical America at

low altitudes from Mexico through Central America, the Antilles, and south

America from the Guyanas to Bolivia, and, as expected, considerable variations are

found. It is characterized by the small size, a long-repent rhizome, and suberect to

erect, narrow leaves borne by abbreviated ramicauls. One to three flowers are

produced successively and distantly by a slender peduncle. The sepals are acute

and free; the petals are shorter, acute and glabrous; and the lip is oblong with a

narrowly obtuse apex, a pair of obtuse, marginal angles below the middle, and a

pair of minute lobules at the base.

Panmorphia steinbuchiae (Carnevali & G.A.Romero) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis steinbuchiae Carnevali & G.A.Romero, Novon 994.

Ety.: Named in honor of Edith Steinbuch of Caracas, Venezuela, er collector of the species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hilariana Carnevali & G.A.Romero, Orch. Venez. ed. 2, 3: 1143, 2000

Ety.: Named for Hilary Branch, who collected this species

Syn.: Specklinia steinbuchiae (Carnevali & G.A.Romero) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Gard. 95: 264,

04.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, rhizome 1-2 mm long between ramicauls; roots slender, scat-

tered along the rhizome. Ramicauls ascending, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by a thin, tubular sheath. Leaf

suberect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, often overlapping, subacute to obtuse, 3.5-8 mm long, 2.5-3.25

mm wide, cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a loose raceme of 2-3 successive flow-

ers, 2-3 mm long, borne by a slender peduncle 3-9 mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base of

the leaf; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 0.6 mm long; sepals glabrous, mem-

branous, the dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-ovate, acute, convex, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, faintly

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, convex, shortly bifid lamina, 3-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm

wide, 4-veined; petals glabrous, translucent, oblong, obtuse, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined,

oe irregular toward the apex; lip oblong, minutely ciliate, obtuse to narrowly obtuse at the

apex, 2-6-3.25 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, the cies shallowly channeled centrally, the base truncate with

a lobule at each corner, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, narrowly winged, 1.5 mm long,

the foot stout, ca. 0.75 mm long, with the anther shortly hooded and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Cerro Guaiquinima, collected by Gustavo Santana and Edith Steinbuch, date

unknown, G. Carnevali 2957 (Holotype: VEN), C. Luer illustr. 16326; west flank of Ilu-tepui, alt. 1000

m, Jan. 1979, collected by H. Branch, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1405 (holotype of Pleurothallis hilariana:

AMES); same collection data, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1405A (AMES), C. Luer illustr. 19179.

This small species is closely related to Panmorphia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer, but

it is distinguished from the latter by small, broadly elliptical to round, more or less

overlapping leaves that are borne by a shortly repent rhizome, and that are sur-

passed by a distantly, and successively two- to three-flowered raceme. The dorsal

sepal is free, narrow and acute; the synsepal is shortly bifid; the petals are oblong,

obtuse and glabrous; and the lip is narrowly oblong, narrowly obtuse or subacute,

minutely ciliate, and shallowly channeled centrally. The base is bilobulate.

Two speminens (Dunsterville 1405 and 1405A) were made in a locality near that

of the collection described as Pleurothallis steinbuchiae [=Panmorphia Stein-

buchiae], Dunsterville 1405 being cited as the type of Pleurothallis hilariana.

Dunsterville 1405A, C.Luer illustr. 19179, shows only slight variations in the leaves

and the labellum. Pleurothallis hilariana was distinguished by ‘‘an acute, shorter,

proportionately narrower labellum.’’ The lips of both concepts are ciliate, that of P.

hilariana having more cilia.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 177

New combinations of Panmorphia from Brazil

Panmorphia adenochila (Loefgr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: clio ee Loefgr., Arch. jard. Bot.

Rio de Jan 2.3

Panmorphia aie - af tr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis ciliolata Schltr., Repert. en Nov.

Regni Veg. 23: 36, 1926.

Panmorphia corticicola (Schltr. ex Hoehne) Luer, comb.

nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis corticicola Schltr. . Hoehne, Bol.

Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 12(2): 18, 1

Panmorphia fastigiata (Luer & oo ier comb. nov.

Bas.: oo fastigiata Luer & Toscano, Selbyana

23(2): 186, 2

Panmorphia aad (Hoehne & Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis erie Hoehne & Schltr., Archiv. Bot.

Est. Sao Paulo 1(3): 214,

Panmorphia githaginea ae & Garay) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis githaginea Pabst & Garay, Arquiv. ee

Bot. Rio de Janeiro 14: 12, 1956.

Panmorphia helmutii (Hoehne) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas:.: ee helmutii Hoehne, Arquiv. Bot. Est. Sao

Paulo 2(2): 21,

Panmorphia eee (Pabst) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis kautskyi Pabst, egies "330, 1975.

Panmorphia kleinii (Pabst) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis kleinii Pabst, Bradea 1: 179, 1972.

Panmorphia laciniata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis laciniata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. 1:

Panmorphia lichenophila (C.Porto & Brade) Luer, comb.

nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis au C. Porto & Brade, Arquiv.

Inst. Veg. Rio de Janeiro 1: 221, 1935.

Panmorphia limbata (Cogn.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas. Pleurothallis limbata Cogn., FI. Bras. oe 485,

1896, replaced name for Lepanthes ar.Rodr

Panmorphia lobiserrata (Barb. Rodr.) Luer, a nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes lobiserrata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch.

NON 2: 63, 1882, as lobisserrata.

(Schltr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas. :Pleurothallis microblephara Schltr., Notizbl. Bot

Gart. Berlin 7: 273, 1918.

Panmorphia microphyta (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb.

nov.

Bas t} icrophyta Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp.

Orch. Nov. 2207, 1882

Panmorphia paranaénsis (Schltr.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis paranaénsis SR Notizbl. Bot

oa 7 mus: Berl. “Dahl. 66(7): a 8.

CO omb. n OV.

Bas.: Pleurothallis paranapiacanensts Hoehne,

Arquiv. Bot. Est. Sao Paulo 8.

spe ins peroupavae (Hoehne & Brade) Luer,

comb. n

Bas:.: Pleurothallis peroupavae ee & Brade, Bol.

Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 12(2): 15, 1

Panmorphia petropolitana (Hoehne) a comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis ee Hoehne, Archiv. Inst.

Biol. SAo Paulo 3: 296, 1930.

Panmorphia recurvipetala (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb.

nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes recurvipetala Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp.

Orch. Nov. 2: 62: 1882.

Panmorphia reedii (Luer & Toscano) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis reedii Luer & Toscano, Selbyana

23(2): 186, 2002

Panmorphia rubrolimbata (Hoehne) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis rubrolimbata Hoehne, Arquiv. Bot.

Est. Sao Paulo 2: 22, 1946

Panmorphia rudolfii (Pabst) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis rudolfii Pabst, Arquiv. J | Bot.

Rio de Janeiro 14: 19, 1956.

Panmorphia tigridens (Loefgr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis tigridens Loefgr., Arch. Jard. Bot.

Rio de Janeiro 2: 56, 1918

— vitorinoi (Luer & Toscano) Luer, comb.

Bas. Pleurothallis ee Luer & Toscano,

Selbyana 23(2): 195 2.

anmorphia welteri ae Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis welteri Pabst, An. XIV Congr.

Soc. Bot. Brasil 15, 1964.

178 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 100. Panmorphia abbreviata Fig. 101. Panmorphia angulosa

Fig. 102a. Panmorphia barbulata Fig. 102b. Panmorphia barbulata

Pleurothallis minutissima

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 179

5mm

Fig. 103. Panmorphia brevipes

Fig. 105. Panmorphia casualis Fig. 106. Panmorphia caudatipetala

180 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 108. Panmorphia comayagensis

Fig. 109. Panmorphia cuspidata Fig. 110. Panmorphia delessandroi

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 181]

Pe ge Bo

Lays gs

Ak ae

c ar

__ 2mm _,

Fig. 111. Panmorphia duplooyi

Fig. 113. Panmorphia escalarensis

Fig. 114. Panmorphia fractiflexa

182 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 116a. Panmorphia funerea

Fig. 115. Panmorphia francesiana Pleurothallis breviscapa

Fig..116b. Panmorphia funerea Fig. 117. Panmorphia grayumii

Pleurothallis praemorsa

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

183

Fig. 118

3 phia haberi

lem

Fig. 120

. Panmorphia holstii Fig. 121. Panmorphia humilis

184 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 122b. Panmorphia imberbis

Pleurothallis depilis

Fig. 123. Panmorphia inversa Fig. 124. Panmorphia involuta

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS 185

— |\ 7

2mm

Fig. 127. Panmorphia kuhniae Fig. 128. Panmorphia lassioglossa

186 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

2mm

tL_.

Fig. 129, Panmorphia lewisiae

Fig. 131. Panmorphia megalophora

Fig. 132. Panmorphia milipeda

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 187

Fig. 134. Panmorphia minutalis

Fig. 135a. Panmorphia muricaudata Fig. 135b. Panmorphia muricaudata

188 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 138. Panmorphia pachyphyta Fig. 139. Panmorphia polygonoides

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 189

Fig. 141. Panmorphia reptilis Fig. 142. Panmorphia ricii

190

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 143. Panmorphia sanchezii Fig. 144. Panmorphia seriata

Fig. 145. Panmorphia sertularioides Fig. 146. Panmorphia steinbuchiae

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 191

PHLOEOPHILA

Phloeophila Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. Sao Paulo 1: 201, 1926.

Lectotype designated by Garay, 1974: 103: Phloeophila aie Hoehne & Schltr. Arch. Bot. Sao

Paulo 1: 201, 1926. [=Phloeophila nummularia (Rchb.f.) Gar

Ety.: From the Greek phloiophilos, “‘bark loving,” referring to = creeping habit on bark.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Aciantl (Scheidw.) Luer subsect. Phloeophilae Luer, Monogr. Syst.

Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 17, 1986.

Type: Pleurothallis paulensis Hoehne & Schltr.

Plants very small, epiphytic to ei ole repent; roots slender. Ramicauls markedly abbreviat-

ed, proportionately st out, suberect or ascending, enclosed with 1-3, eae sheaths. Leaf suberect to

wed b

prone, thickly coriaceous, verrucose, elliptical to subcircular, obtuse, elow to a subsessile

S ence flower proportionately large relative to ae leaf: sepals fleshy, usually

puberulent, the laterals connate at least to the middle; petals membranous, ple, acute to subacute; lip

b : r ob angles of lobes below the middle, usually verrucose, t ore or

the anther ventral, deciduous, the rostellum and stigma ventral, the pollinia 2, pyriform, naked.

Schlechter and Hoehne established this genus for a species with tiny rounded

leaves that hugged the bark of the tree upon which they crept. His illustration of

Pleurothallis paulensis Hoehne & Schitr. that accompanied the description is indis-

tinguishable from the illustration published by Barbosa Rodrigues for P. echinantha

Barb.Rodr., and the plant and flower are similar to those of the even earlier P.

nummularia Rchb.f. from far off Cuba.

As treated here, this genus consists of only four species characterized by a pros-

trate rhizome with minute, thick, more or less circular, verrucose leaves, and single

flowers as large as or larger than the leaf. Some species in other genera (Areldia

Luer, Barbosella Schltr., Incaea Luer, Panmorphia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer, and

Specklinia Lindl.) also produce little, round leaves. Dunsterville (Amer. Orchid

Soc. Bull. 50: 662, 1961) called these plants ‘‘confetti-leaved,’”’ when he referred to

a plant of Barbosella orbicularis Luer. The sepals are fleshy and pubescent, the

laterals connate midway or nearly to the tip. The petals are simple and three-

veined, and the margins of the lip below the middle are more or less erect.

Although Phloeophila paulenis [=Phloeophila nummularia (Rchb.f.) Luer], the

type of the genus Phloeophila Hoehne & Schltr., had not been molecularly se-

quenced, morphologically incompatible taxa (1.e. Luerella Braas, and the species of

Ophidion Luer) were included in the genus as proposed by Pridgeon and Chase

(Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, 2001).

Species attributed to paces

Phloeophila nummularia (Rchb.f.) Garay Fig. 147a, 147b, 147c.

Phloeophila oricola (H.Stenzel) Luer Fig. 148.

Phloeophila peperomioides (Ames) Garay Fig. 149,

Phloeophila ursula (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Fig. 150.

ee nummularia (Rchb.f.) Garay, ee 9: 118, 1974.

Bas.: Pleurothallis nummularia Rchb.f., Flora 48:

Bly: on the Latin nummularius, “Like little coins,’ ae to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis scalaris Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 259, 1866, nomen nudum.

Ety.: From the Latin scalaris, ‘‘like a ladder,”’ referring to the ha

Syn.: Pleurothallis echinantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 22, 1882.

Ety.: From the Greek echinanthos, “‘hedgehog flower,” referring to the spiculate sepals.

Syn.: Physosiphon echinanthus (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 338, 1896

Syn.: Phloeophila echinantha (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. Sao Paulo 1: 200, 1926.

192 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Syn.: Phloeophila paulensis Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. SAo Paulo 1: 201, 1926.

Ety.: Named for the state of S4o Paulo where the species was collected.

Syn.: Pleurothallis paulensis (Hoehne & Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:

17, 1986.

Syn.: Specklinia nummularia (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, up to ca. 5 cm long forming mats of overlapping leaves; rhizome

stout, creeping, 1.5-2 mm long between ramicauls, sheaths spiculate; roots comparatively thick. Rami-

pubescent peduncle 2-8 mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul; floral bract infundibular, sparsely

pubescent-spiculate, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 0.5-4 mm long; ovary spiculate, 1.5 mm long; sepals fleshy,

red-pubescent externally, the dorsal sepal yellow with purple along the veins, ovate, subacute, 6 mm

long, 2-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm, the lateral sepals purple, connate 3

mm into a bifid, ovoid, concave lamina with obtuse, apiculate apices, each sepal 7 mm long, 3 mm wide;

petals white, elliptical-oblong, subacute to acute, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined; lip white, spotted

with red-purple, oblong-subtrilobed, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lateral lobes low, erect, erose, obtuse,

below the middle, the anterior lobe minutely verrucose, with the apex rounded, the disc with a pair of

low, longitudinal calli through the middle third, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column

semiterete, 3 mm long, bidentate at the apex, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1-1.5 mm long

ae Oriente: near Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859, C. Wright 1513 (Holotype: W; Isotypes: AMES,

K), C. Luer illustr. 18800. Holguin: Sierra Cristal, southern slope, 29 Dec. 1955, Bro. Alain & M.

oe 4673, 4807 (HAC, HAJB).

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: on trunk of large tree in seasonally dry hill near Tena. alt. 800 m, Feb.

2003, A. Hirtz, N. & S. Hirtz 8515 (MO).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Larecaja; on trunk of large tree in seasonally humid valley above Tipuani, collected

in Aug. 1991, C. Luer et al., flowered in cultivation in San Francisco, CA, by W. Teague 167 (MQ), C.

Luer illustr. 16343

AZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Serra do Mar, near Rodeio, J.B. Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of Pleurothallis

echinantha: Rodrigues’s illustr.); Morro Querimado, Glaziou 3819 (BR). Sao Paulo: Estagao Biologica

do Alto da Serra, Feb. 1919, F.C. Hoehne s.n. (holotype of Phloeophila paulensis destroyed at B, lecto-

type: SP 2998)

This widely distributed. little species creeps on the rough bark of the trunks of

trees in eastern Cuba, Ecuador, Bolivia, and southern Brazil, but no collection has

been reported from Colombia or Peru. Tiny, rounded, minutely verrucose, prone

leaves are produced alternately by a comparatively stout rhizome. The single,

pubescent flower that emerges from near the apex of the short ramicaul is larger

than the leaf. A short filament (the vestigial bud of a second flower) is present

within the spiculate, floral bract. The pedicel and peduncle of the Ecuadorian

collection are longer than those seen in other collections. The sepals are fleshy and

pubescent externally; the dorsal sepal is shorter than the synsepal to which it is

connate nearly half its length into a broad tube; the petals are narrow and acute; and

the lip is merely oblong, but with a pair of low calli and low, ill-defined, marginal

lobes on the lower third. Minor differences are easily explained as geographical

variations.

The published illustration of the type of Physosiphon echinanthus [Flora Brasi-

liensis 3(4), plate 118, fig. 1, 1896] does not differ significantly from the illustration

of the type of Phloeophila paulensis (Schlechter, 1926), the present illustration of

the type of Pleurothallis nummularia [=Phloeophila nummularia (Rchb.f.) Garay],

or illustrations of recent collections made in Ecuador and Bolivia. I fail to see the

significant differences Schlechter enumerated between Phloeophila echinantha and

Phloeophila paulensis. The trivial differences are fewer than those allowed in

numerous species. The present illustration of Phloeophila nummularia was made

from a hydrated flower of the holotype.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 193

oe oricola (H.Stenzel) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis oricola H.Stenzel, Willdenowia aa 1, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin oricola, “‘coast-dwelling,”’ referring to ae littoral habitat.

lant very small, si repent; rhizome proportionately stout, creeping, 1-2 mm long between

ramicauls, enclosed by 3 acute, tubular sheaths; roots comparatively thick. Ramicauls ascending, stout,

ca. 0.5 mm long, enclosed . 2 similar sheaths. Leaf appears to be suberect, thickly coriaceous, elliptic

to obovate, acute, with minute warts on the dorsum with crenulate margin, 5-8 mm long, 2-4 mm wide,

cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence 1-2 successive flowers borne by a suberect pedun-

cle . mm long, from near the apex f the r micaul; fl ral bract infundibular. r, | mm long; pedicel 1 mm

the dorsal sepal na aa OV ae carina e, 4 4.5 mm long, | mm wide, 4 veined, connate basally to

the cae sepals, a lateral sepals connate ino an ovate, shortly bifid synsepal, 4-4.5 mm long, 3 m

ide, 6- : ite, Wl le midvein, m us, Narr elliptic-obovate, acute, with

serrate margins, ee 1-veined; ‘lip yellow, dotted with purple, fleshy, ovate-tri-

ed, 3.2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide across the lateral lobes expanded, verrucose-papillose above the

middle with the apex rounded aa lateral lobes suberect, obtuse, with crenulate margins, the disc shal-

lowly sulcate, the base narr ungul culate- truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column yellow, suf-

fused with purple, oe ae inged above the middle, 2 mm long, erose at the apex, the

anther and stigma ventral, the foot 0.6 mm long.

CUBA: Pinar del Rio: Guanahacabibes Peninsula, near Maria la Gorda, sea level, 15 May 2000,

Urquiola et al 9196 (Holotype: HAJB; Isotype: HPPR).

This little species is known from only one plant found growing on a tree trunk

near the seacoast at the extreme western tip of the island. The accompanying de-

scription and illustration were made from the published description and illustration

(Stenzel, 2002.) No material is available for illustration here. The plant is charac-

terized by a shortly creeping rhizome; verrucose, ovate leaves; and a flower nearly

as large as a leaf. The sepals are verrucose externally; the laterals are connate into a

bifid lamina; the petals are narrowly obovate and serrulate; and the lip 1s verrucose

and three-lobed below the middle.

The accompanying illustration is a modification of the drawing by Hagen Sten-

zel, published in Willdenowia 32: 101, 2002.

sa peperomioides (Ames) Garay, ee 9: 118, 1974.

as.: Pleurothallis peperomioides Ames, Sched. Orch. 6: 64, 192

a Named for the resemblance to some species of Peperomia a & Pav.

Syn.: Specklinia peperomioides (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Plant very ees epiphytic, repent, the rhizome proportionately stout, branching, up to 10 cm long,

2-3 mm long between ramicauls, enclosed by 2, loose, ribbed, sparsely spiculate sheaths; roots propor-

tionately thick. cae stout, suberect, ca. 1 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath similar to those

of the rhizome. Leaf more or less prostrate, thickly coriaceous, orbicular, obtuse, 3 mm long,

wide to 5 mm long, 5 mm wide, the surface dark green, areolate- reticulate, the base rounded, contracted

into the a petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflorescence a single flower borne from the petiole at the base

of the leaf with a tubular, red-pubescent sheath 1-1.5 mm long, the peduncle less than 1 mm long; floral

bract thin, fugacious; pedicel stout, 0.5 mm long; ovary red spiculate-pubescent, 1.5 mm long; sepals

white, heavily suffused with dark red-purple, fleshy, non-spreading, spiculate externally, the dorsal sepal

ovate, narrowly obtuse, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to for a broad

tube, the lateral sepals connate 2 mm into a deeply concave, obovoid synsepal, 5 mm long, 5 mm broad

.6 mm wide, with 3 yellow veins, the apex acute, minutely denticulate; lip white, spotted with

si ale glabrous oblong, obtuse, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc with a pair of low, minutely verru-

cose calli above the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column narrowly

winged, suffused with purple, 2.75 mm long, the foot ca. 1 mm long, with a pair of minute, ciliate calli,

the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral.

194 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Peralta, C.H. Lankester 465 (Holotype: AMES); El Mufieco, south of Navarro,

alt. 1400 m, 8-9 Feb. 1924, P.C. Standley 33889 (AMES); El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, alt. 1400-1500 m, 6-

7 Mar. 1926, P.C. Standley & R. Torres 51764 (AMES); Cerro Cedral, alt. 2400 m, cultivated at Berke-

ley, C. Horich s.n. (AMES). Sine loc,, ca. 1867, A. Endres al ). Sine loc., collected by L. Glicen-

stein, flowered in cultivation 19 Sept. 1979, C. Luer 423] (SEL

HONDURAS: north of Lake Yojoa, 22 Aug. 1951, P Kamb 2] 26 (AMES).

BELIZE: Cayo District, vicinity of Butterfly Falls, Hidden Valley, 27 Apr. 1998, B. Sayers 98/642

(DBN, MO).

The tiny, round leaves of this species hug the surface of the bark of the host, and

eventually form masses of branching rhizomes with overlapping leaves. Endres

collected it about 1867, and declared that it was **exceedingly rare”’ in his notes

and illustration preserved at W. The leaves are thickly coriaceous with the surface

appearing diffusely wrinkled. A single, purple flower, as large as the leaf, is pro-

duced from near the base of the short petiole of the leaf. The sepals are spiculate

externally and the laterals are semiconnate. The petals are elliptical, and lip is

oblong and spotted.

ee ursula (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis ursula Luer & Hirtz, cae en 11: 193, 1996.

Ety.: From the Latin ursula, “a bear cub,”’ in allusion to the pubescen t

Syn.: Specklinia ursula (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, ee ose Bot icon Bot. Gard. 95: 264, 2004.

jt i 1

Plant small, se ace ck 10 or more cm long, appressed upon the substrate, the rhizome

comparatively stout, 3-5 mm long eee ramicauls, enclosed by 2 spiculate sheaths; roots ee.

Ramicauls stout, 1 mm long enclosed by a short, spiculate sheath. Leaf prostrate, thickly coriaceous,

verrucose on the upper surface, broadly elliptical to suborbicular, 6-7.5 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, the base

broadly cuneate into the sessile base. Inflorescence a single, proportionately large flower produced from

the base of a leaf, the peduncle 2 mm long, enclosed by a spiculate sheath; floral bract spiculate, 2 mm

long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary densely pubescent, 1.5 mm long; sepals fleshy, purplish brown, dotted

with dark purple, densely pubescent externally, the dorsal sepal narrowly elliptical, subacute, concave, 7

mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm, the lateral sepals connate to near

the middle, obovate, oblique, acute, 10 mm long, each 4 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, glabrous,

lateral lobes erect, rounded, below the middle, with a pair of low, verrucose calli extending from the

bases of the lobes onto disc above the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column

terete, 3 mm long, denticulate at the apex, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 2 mm long,

minutely pubescent

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in forest southeast of Sigsig near Chigiiinda, alt. 1,600 m, 13

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup & A. Jesup 13874 (Holotype: MO).

This coarse, little, creeping species is related to Phloeophila nummularia.

Vegetatively the two species are similar with small, round, verrucose leaves that

grow appressed to the mossy bark of trees. The rhizome, ramicaul, peduncle and

pedicel are enclosed by spiculate sheaths. The fleshy flowers are about twice as

large as those of P. nummularia, the lateral sepals being considerably larger than

the dorsal sepal. The petals are minutely verrucose near the apex. The apical half of

the lip is denticulate and verrucose.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 195

PROCTORIA

Proctoria Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258, 2004.

Ety.: Nam

ed for George Pr octor, presently of San Juan, Puerto Rico, discoverer of the species.

Type: Pleurothallis caymanensis C.D.Adams.

A genus of one species saieuie on Grand Cayman Island, the description of the

species will suffice for the genus.

Proctoria caymanensis (C.D.Adams) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. 95:

258, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis caymanensis C.D.Adams, Orquideologia 6: 146, 1971.

Ety.: Named for the Cayman Islands where the species was collected.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly-repent with the rhizome stout, ca. 1 mm long between ramicauls;

roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by a thin, tubular sheath. Leaf suberect,

thickly coriaceous, canaliculate-concave, acute, acuminate at the apiculate tip, 6-15 mm long, 3-5 mm

wide, with the base cuneate, sessile. Inflorescence a sublax, successively 2- to 3-flowered raceme, ca. 5

mm long borne by a slender peduncle 25-35 mm long, subtended a membranous spathe 1.5 mm long,

from the ramicaul near the base of the leaf; floral bracts thin, 1.25 mm long; pedicels 0.4 mm long; ovary

cellular-papillose, 0.75 mm long; sepals pale yellow-green with purple veins, glabrous, the dorsal sepal

oblong-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 6.5 mm rong, - 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into

an elliptical-oblong, shortly bifid synsepal, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, 6-veined, with the tips acute; petals

translucent, broadly-elliptical to subcircular, aoa obtuse, obscurely retuse, with the margins micro-

scopically erose, 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, |-veined; lip light yellow, thick, oblong-trilobed, 2.25 m

long, 1.3 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, with the sides minutely irregular, the lateral lobes on ol

column semiterete, broadly winged and minutely denticulate above the middle, 1.8 mm long, the foot 1

mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventra

CAYMAN ISLANDS: Grand Cayman, southeast of Old Man Village, 9 June 1967, G.R. Proctor 27983

(Holotype: IJ); Grand Cayman, southeast of Old Man Village, W. Kings 250 (BM); High Rock Quarry

road, 25 Apr. 1992, G.R. Proctor 47850 (SJ, UPR); Old Man Bay, north side, epiphytic, alt. 8-10 ft., 13

Feb. 2000, Frank Roulstone s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19158.

This small species is the only pleurothallid orchid known to occur on one of the

Cayman Islands. The shortly creeping rhizome produces short, erect, ramicauls

with thick, canaliculate-concave, acuminate-apiculate leaves that are far surpassed

by the slender peduncle of the inflorescence. Although this species has been long-

isolated, the lip suggests a relationship to the species of Acianthera Scheidw.

Illustration: Fig. 151, herein, C. Luer illustr. 19158.

RONALDELLA

Ronaldella Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis determannii Luer, Selbyana 7: 117, 1982

Ety.: Named for Ronald Determann, who collected this species.

Plantae repentes. Folia crassa brevicaulia. Pedunculus brevis. Synsepalum concavum. Labellum

obcuneatum.

This genus of only two species known from Central America, northern South

America and the Andes, is distinguished by a stout, repent rhizome; short, stout

ramicauls; suberect to reclining, broadly elliptical, coriaceous leaves; and a short

peduncle. The dorsal sepal is free from a concave synsepal; the petals are obovate;

and the lip is obcuneat.

Ronaldella aryter (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis aryter Luer, Selbyana 3: 54, 1976

Ety.: From the Greek aryter, “‘a ladle, or a dipper,”’ in allusion to the flower.

Syn.: Anthereon aryter (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, rat al 16:-252, 2001,

Syn.: Pabstiella aryter (Luer) F.Barros, Bradea 8(43): 296,

Syn.: Specklinia aryter (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. cae Bot. Gard. 95: 258, 2004.

196 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small, epiphytic, repent; rhizome stout, 2-5 mm long between ramicauls, roots slender, along

the rhizome. Ramicauls stout, suberect, 3-5 mm long, eaf erect, suberect

to reclining, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 2-4.5 cm long, i cm wide, cuneate below into a

petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflorescence an erect to pendent, lax, subflexuous, successively 2- to 6-

flowered raceme, 1.5-2.5 cm long including the peduncle 5-8 mm ae sas laterally from the rami-

caul; floral bracts thin, tubular, 2-2.5 mm long; pedicel 2-9 mm long; ovary 2-4 mm long; flowers resu-

pinate to non-resupinate; sepals fleshy, yellow-green, speckled with ee aa and glabrous exter-

nally, cellular-spiculate within, the dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, acute, concave, 9-10 mm long, 2-2.5

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, concave, obtuse, dl minutely bifid at

the tip, 9-11.5 mm long, 6-7 mm wide; petals yellow, dotted with purple, glabrous, obovate, obtuse, 4

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow with purple dots and spicules, obcuneate, obtriangular,

broadly obtuse at the apex, 4-4.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide above the middle, the disc with a pair of

minutely spiculate calli on the middle third, shallowly channeled between, the base narrowly truncate,

hinged to the column-foot; column yellow, suffused with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, longitudinally

winged with the margins minutely denticulate, cucullate at the apex, the foot 2 mm long, the anther and

stigma ventral.

PERU: Huanuco: south of Tingo Maria, flowered in cultivation 31 July 1976, F. Fuchs, Jr. s.n. (Holo-

type: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 1037.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Coquita de Dabeiba, collected by H. Angarita, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo

at La Ceja, 9 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13095 (MO).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: near Fajardo bridge, ca. 1870, A. Endres 1] (W). Without locality, collected

by H.H. Morgan, flowered in cultivation 27 Jan. 1975, C. Luer 1037A (SEL).

This uncommon species is known from widely separated stations in the Andes

and Central America. Endres recorded it from Costa Rica ca. 1870 with an illustra-

tion and the proposed name ‘‘ornithocephala”’ written on it by him, that is pre-

served at W. The species is characterized by comparatively large, short-stemmed,

elliptical leaves borne by a stout, creeping rhizome. The flowers are produced in a

short, loose, successively flowered raceme that sometimes arches to bear the flow-

ers resupinate in a pendent raceme. The cup-like synsepal is then uppermost with

the narrow middle sepal pointing downward. The lip is obcuneate with purple

spicules and carinae.

Illustration: Fig. 152a, 152b, herein, C. Luer illustr. 1037 and 13095.

Ronaldella oo (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis determannii Luer, Selbyana 7: 117, oe

Ety.: ee for its collector, Ronald Determann, presently curator of the Atlanta Botanical Garden.

Syn.: Anthereon determannii (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 252, 2001.

Syn.: Pabstiella determannii (Luer) F.Barros, Bradea 8(43): 296, 2002.

Syn.: Specklinia determannii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Plant small, eae ee epent; oS stout, 1-3 mm long between ramicauls; roots slender, along

the rhizome. Ramicauls stout, suberect, 1-2.5 mm long, enclosed by a thin, tubular sheath. Leaf suber-

ect to reclining, coriaceous, broadly clita, obtuse, 8-15 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, cuneate below into

the sessile base. Inflorescence a suberect, single-flowered peduncle, 2-3 mm long, sometimes followed

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovoid, eaiicave. oes shortly acuminate synse-

the column-foot; column yellow, semiterete 4 mm long, longitudinally winged with the apex cucullate

and the margins minutely denticulate, the foot 2 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

SURINAME: epiphytic in scrubby trees of Coesewijne Savanne, alt. 50 m, collected by M. Sepp, flow-

ered in cultivation in Lelydorp, 24 Apr. 1981, R. Determann 166 (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 6324;

epiphytic in savannah forest, Brownsberg, alt. 300 m, 29 Apr. 1981, flowered in cultivation at SEL, R.

Determann 209 (SEL).

ECUADOR: pee between La Cruz and Misahualli, alt. 400 m, collected by Alejandro Suarez, flow-

ered in cultivation in Misahualli, 29 Mar. 1984, C. Luer 9788 (MO); without locality, collected by D.

D’ en Se by J & L Orchids, 792-388, Easton, CT, 23 Dec. 1992, C. Luer 16528 (MO).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 197

Ronaldella determannii occurs across northern South America from lowland,

eastern Ecuador into the Guyanas, having been described from Suriname. It is

characterized by short-stemmed, overlapping, little, elliptical leaves borne by a

short, creeping rhizome. The flowers are produced singly with the long-pubescent,

obcuneate lip within the synsepal with a prominent mentum with the column-foot.

Illustration: Fig. 153, herein, C. Luer illustr. 6324.

RUBELLIA

Rubellia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258, 2004.

Bas.: Saige subgen. Rubellia Luer, Mono ogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 73, 1986.

Ety.: From the Latin rubellus, ‘‘a little red one,’’ referring to the little red flower

Type: Pleurothallis rubella Luer, Selbyana 3: 378, 1977.

A genus with one species distinguished by a circular, pubescent callus at the

base of the lip, and a cylindrical column with an apical anther.

Rubellia rubella (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 258,

2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis rubella Luer, Selbyana 3: 378, | fee

Ety.: From the Latin rubellus, ‘a little red one,”’ referring to the little red flower.

Syn.: Platystele aurea Garay, Orquideologia 8: 182, 1973, nec Pleurothallis aurea Lindl., 1843, nec

A.Rich. & Galeotti, 1845.

Plant small, evishulie caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-15 mm long, mostly

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly obovate, long-petiolate, subacute, 2-4 cm

loose, flexuous, distichous, successively flowered raceme, up to 5 cm long, borne laterally from the

ramicaul by a capillary peduncle; floral bracts 0.5 mm long; pedicels 2-3.5 mm long; ovary green with

red stripes, 1 mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, varying in color from yellow-orange to red, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals elliptical, oe

connate to above the middle, 3.25 mm long, 2 mm wide together, carinate; petals translucent, red a

tip, ovate, contracted near the middle into a narrow apex, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip red-purple, clip

tical-oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 2.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the disc shallowly channeled, the base thick

with a round, red-pubescent callus with a depressed center, flat on the end, inflexibly attached to the base

the column; column erect, stout, cylindrical, 0.5 mm long, the anther apical, exposed, the stigma subapi-

cal, the foot obsolescent.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected Oct. 1976 by R.L. Dressler s.n.

(Holotype: SEL); vicinity of Fortuna Dam site, alt. 1400-1600 m, 15 Sept. 1977, J.P. Folsom, R. & K.

Dressler 5590 (MO

COLOMBIA: Quindio: Calarcaé, La Linea, cultivated by Marta Robledo at La Ceja, R. Escobar 886

(holotype of Platystele aurea: AMES).

DOR: Pastaza: collected near Tena, alt. 700 m, flowered in cultivation at Ecuagenera, 27 July

2004, A. Hirtz 8948 (MO).

This species is rare, a red-flowered color variation having been collected in

western Panama and a golden yellow color variation, in the Western Cordillera of

Colombia. An Ecuadorian collection has yellow-orange sepals and a red-purple lip.

The species is without close relatives. The habit of narrow leaves and a flexuous

raceme are compatible with Platystele Schltr. and Specklinia Lindl., but the short,

cylindrical column with an apical anther indicate otherwise. The long-ciliate lip is

thickened at the base with a well-defined, circular, pubescent, umbilicated callus.

The basal end of the lip is inflexibly attached to the base of a footless column.

Illustration: Icones-III, p. 74, 1986, Plate 37, C. Luer illustr. 389.

198 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

tht dati nk

SOTTO tate,

1 ett aed

Wage ee

Fig. 147a. Phloeophila nummularia

Type, Cuba

Ecuador

Fig. 147c. Phloeophila nummularia

Bolivia

Fig. 148. Phloeophila oricola

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

199

if the Yyoya

’ i= 1

phe be Fe a ake

vee Wy

Fig. 150. Phloeophila ursula

Fig. 151.

Proctoria caymanensis

200 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 152a. Ronaldella aryter

(Costa Rica)

Fig. 152b. Ronaldella aryter

(Colombia)

LALA

SET N

nee be ey

te TAL n ne

‘ NMS AERESES oe

Tt Riedie eet prin

Seater let 2k

Fig. 152c. Ronaldella aryter

(Peru)

Fig. 153. Ronaldella determannii

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 201

SARCINULA

Sarcinula Luer, gen.

Type: Pleurothallis es Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 21, 1930.

Ety.: From the Latin sarcinula, ‘‘a little bundle,” referring to the fasciculated pedicels.

Plantae caespitos ae. Pedunculus nae Bracteae floralium imbricantes. Pedicili fasciculati.

Petala integra margine inferiore dilatata

Syn.: Pleu ae Sect. Apodae- epi Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleuroth. 35, 1859.

Lectotype ate ated by Luer, 1986: 84: Epidendrum corniculatum Sw. [=Sarcinula corniculata

(Sw.) Lue

Ety.: os ie Greek apodion, ‘‘an absent foot,”’ and the Latin caespitosus, ‘‘tufted,”’ referring to

the short-stemmed, caespitose nail The raceme of fascicled pedicels is reduced to a single

flower, ati often followed by a second.

Plants small to very small for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

erect, much shorter than the leaf, never proliferating, with 1-3, imbricating, tubular sheaths, about the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical or narrowly obovate, acute to obtuse, narrowed below to

a petiolate or subsessile base. Inflorescence a few- to many-flowered, very congested raceme, rarely

reduced to 1 flower; floral bracts imbricating; pedicels eae at apex of peduncle, produced from

below the apex of the ramicaul; sepals glabrous to pubescent or spiculate, acute to obtuse, without a tail,

— the disc shallowly channeled centrally between low, longitudinal calli, often obscure, the base

ore or less truncate, with a lobule in each corner, delicately hinged to the column-foot; column semi-

ace with the margins usually winged, the foot sometimes with a pair of calli, the anther ated decid-

uous, the rostellum and stigma ventral, the pollinia 2, ovoid, free

This genus 1s widely distributed from Mexico through Central America and the

Andes into Bolivia, but poorly represented in the Antilles or Brazil. Vegetatively,

the little caespitose plants are indistinguishable from many others. An elongated

peduncle bears at the tip a succession of overlapping floral bracts and a fascicle of

pedicels, as in an extremely congested raceme. The sepals are tailless and variously

connate. The petals are always entire, more or less dilated on the lower margin, and

2- to 3-veined. The lip is oblong, thickened, shallowly sulcate centrally, often with

marginal angles and obscurely narrowed below the angles; variously verrucose or

denticulate, and often with very small lobules at the corners of the base, and the

column-foot is sometimes with a pair of calli as seen in Specklinia Lindl. Fascicu-

late pedicels, or a very congested raceme, is also seen in some species of Muscarel-

la Luer and Panmorphia Luer, but the petals and lip of the latter distinguish them.

Species attributed to Sarcinula

Sarcinula acanthodes (Luer) Luer

Fig. 154a, 154b.

Sarcinula acicularis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 155.

Sarcinula acrisepala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 156.

Sarcinula alexii (A.H.Heller) Luer Fig. 157.

Sarcinula areldii (Luer) Luer Fig. 158.

Sarcinula barbae (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 159.

Sarcinula brighamella (Luer) Luer Fig. 160.

Sarcinula brighamii (S.Watson) Luer Fig. 161.

Sarcinula calderae (Luer) Luer Fig. 162.

Sarcinula chontalensis (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Luer Fig. 163.

Sarcinula condylata (Luer) Luer Fig. 164.

Sarcinula corniculata (Sw.) Luer Fig. 165.

Sarcinula coronula (Luer) Luer Fig. 166.

Sarcinula cycesis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 167.

Sarcinula displosa (Luer) Luer Fig. 168.

202 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sarcinula exilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 169.

Sarcinula fulgens (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 170.

Sarcinula glandulosa (Ames) Luer Fig. 171.

Sarcinula guanacastensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 172.

Sarcinula leptantha (Schltr.) Luer Fig. 173.

Sarcinula psichion (Luer) Luer Fig. 174.

Sarcinula purpurella (Luer) Luer Fig. 175.

Sarcinula scolopax (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer Fig. 176.

Sarcinula simmleriana (Rendle) Luer Fig. 177.

Sarcinula striata (H.Focke) Luer Fig. 178.

Sarcinula acanthodes (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis acanthodes Luer, Selbyana 1: 222, 1975

Ety.: From the Greek acanthodes, “‘prickly,”’ referring to the exterior of the sepals.

Syn.: Specklinia acanthodes (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 6-13 mm long

including a petiole 2-3 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a succes-

sively several-flowered fascicle, borne by a slender peduncle 20-35 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long;

floral bracts imbricating, ca. 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, more or less lightly echinate; sepals yel-

low-green, variously marked with purple, carinate-spiculate, glabrous within, the dorsal sepal oblong-

ovate, obtuse, concave, thickened at the apex, 4 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate to near the apex into an oblong-ovate, shallowly concave, lamina with obtuse apices, 4 mm long,

2-2.25 mm wide, 4-veined, the apices convex, obliquely thickened; petals pale yellow with the 2 veins

purple, mottled purple between, obliquely obovate-spathulate, broadly obtuse, 1.75-2 mm long, 1 mm

wide; lip yellow, heavily marked with purple, fleshy, oblong, subtrilobed, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the

margins and surface cellular-glandular to minutely verrucose, with a low obtuse, marginal angles below

the middle, the apex round, the disc shallowly channeled between low, longitudinal calli, the base trun-

cate, minutely lobed at the corners, hinged beneath to the column-foot; column semiterete, winged above

the middle, 1.25-1.6 mm long, with the apex denticulate, the foot less than 1 mm long, the anther and

stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Napo: dense, tall forest, 15 km west of Tena, alt. 600 m, 26 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer &

S. Wilhelm 475 (Holotype: SEL); Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz & S.

Ortega 5362 (MO), C. Luer illlustr. 15326. Pastaza: near Tena, alt. ca. 1000 m, cultivated at Ecuagen-

era, Gualaceo, 5 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19704, 19706 (MO). Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutuct, east

of Sinai north of Macas, alt. 1000 m, 11 May 2000, S. Dalstrém, R. Burian & L. Jost 2436 (MO).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: road to Villa Tunari, Rio Evispas, alt. 500 m, 15 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer &

R. Vasquez 5641 (SEL

This species, widely distributed from Ecuador into Bolivia, is characterized by

the small, obtuse, shortly petiolate leaves far surpassed by the peduncle that bears

at the tip a fascicle of successive flowers. The sepals are carinate-spiculate exter-

nally. The lateral sepals are obliquely callous toward the apex. In the very similar-

ly appearing Scaphosepalum pleurothallodes Luer & Hirtz, these calli are devel-

oped into well-defined callus-like cushions, that are typical for the genus Scaphose-

palum Pfitzer along with minute tails. See discussion (Luer, Icones IX, pp. 126-

128, 1992).

Sarcinula acicularis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis acicularis Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 21, 1930

Ety.: From the Latin acicularis, “‘narrow and sharply ad referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Pleurothallis dixiorum Luer, Lindleyana 6: 97, L

Ety.: Named for the doctors Margaret and Michael a of the Universidad del Valle, Guatemala.

Syn.: Specklinia acicularis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256,

2001.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 203

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly linear, acute, 2-3 cm long,

1-2 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested fascicle of single,

successive flowers, borne by a slender peduncle 3.5-5 cm long; pedicels 4-9 mm long; floral bracts thin,

tubular, imbricating, 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals membranous, translucent, mottled with

purple, glabrous externally, densely red-spiculate within, low-carinate, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate,

acute, concave, 7-8 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to near the apices into an

ovate, shallowly bifid lamina with acute apices, 7-7.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 6-veined; petals thick,

purple, obovate, oblique, 2-2.25 mm long, 1-1.4 mm wide, 2-veined, with the labellar margin dilated, the

apex obtuse or subacute; lip yellow, suffused with purple, fleshy, cellular-glandular, spiculate, verrucose,

oblong, 2.75-3 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, the apex rounded, minutely denticulate, with a small, erect,

acute marginal angle between the middle and basal thirds, the disc with a pair of denticulate-spiculate

calli on the middle third, the base truncate with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged to the column-

foot; column yellow-green, suffused with purple, stout, 2 mm long, longitudinally winged with the

margins minutely denticulate, dentate at the apex, the foot ca. 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: La Palma de San Ramon, alt. 1150 m, 1 Dec. 1922, A.M. Brenes (159)490

(Holotype: AMES); Santiago de San Ramon, alt. 1000 m, 3 July 1926, A.M. Brenes (31)1511 (AMES).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: road to Sebol, alt. 975 m, flowered in cultivation 2 Mar. 1981, M. Dix &

M. Dix 521A (MO, UVAL), C. Luer illustr. 14624; collected near Coban by O. Mittlestaedt, flowered in

cultivation, 13 Feb, 1990, C. Luer 14624 (MO).

This tiny Central American species is related to the considerably larger Sarcinu-

la acrisepala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer. From the later, S. acicularis is charac-

terized by the small caespitose habit with leaves up to three centimeters long and

less than two millimeters wide, and peduncles less than five centimeters long. At

the tip of a peduncle, flowers are produced successively in a fascicle of congested

pedicels. The sepals are conspicuously spiculate within, and the laterals are connate

to near the apex. The petals are dilated on the labellar margin, and the lip is oblong

with erect, acute, marginal, lobe-like angles below the middle and a pair of denticu-

late-spiculate calli on the disc.

sa er aoe (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. no

Bas urothallis acrisepala Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8: 22, es

Ety.: en the Greek akros, ‘‘at the end, the tip,’ an unclear reference to the sepals.

Syn.: Specklinia acrisepala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256,

2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-8 cm long including an

sepals membranous, translucent greenish, mottled with purple, glabrous, sharply low-carinate, the dorsal

sepal oblong-ovate, acute, concave, 6.5-8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong-

ovate, acute, 7-7.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined, with the sides revolute pans the lower third,

connate about midway to the apex; petals thick, purple, obovate, oblique, 2.75-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm

wide, 2-veined, with the labellar margin dilated, the apex obtuse, or slightly short-acuminate; lip yellow,

suffused with purple, fleshy, cellular-glandular, oblong, 2.75-3.25 mm long, | mm wide, the apex round-

ed, minutely fimbriate, with a small, acute or subacute marginal angle between the middle and basal

thirds, the disc with a pair of denticulate-spiculate calli on the middle third, more or less transversely

cellular-rugose centrally, the base truncate with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged to the column-

foot; column yellow-orange suffused with purple, stout, 2.5 mm long, longitudinally winged with the

margins minutely denticulate, dentate at the apex, the foot ca. 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Palo Alto hill, alt. 4,000-5,000 ft., Sept. 1924, C.W. Powell 420 (Holotype:

AMES). Colon: summit of Cerro Santa Rita, alt. 1200-1500 m, 13 Sept. 1947, P. Allen & D. Allen 5113

(AMES). Panama: between Tumba Vieja and Salamanca, alt. 60 m, 3 Dec. 1934, J.A. Steyermark &

P.H. Allen 16750 (AMES), Santa Rita Ridge, flowered in cultivation 18 June 1974, F L Stevenson

61874-1 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 680; Barro Colorado Island, S. Aviles 58 (AMES).

204 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COSTA RICA: Cartago: eons June 1981, cultivated 16 Oct. 1981, L.D. Gomez 7338 (SEL), C. Luer

illustr. 6529. Puntarenas: n de Osa, alt. 20-300 m, 6 Feb. 1974, R. Liesner 1752 (MO). Limon:

Matina, Cordillera de Lene Rio Barbilla, alt. 100- 200 m, 10 Oct. 1938, G. Herrera 2251 (CR, MO,

SEL); sine loc., flowered in cultivation at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 21 Oct. 1981, C. Luer 6537 (SEL).

HONDURAS: Atlantida: Rio Lancetilla near Tena, alt. 40-180 m, 7 Nov. 1988, J.M. MacDougal et al.,

3346 (MO

COLOMBIA: Choco: Bahia Solano, trail to Miniquia east of Puerto Mutis, alt. 20-120 m, 26 Jan. 1971,

D.B. Lellinger & E.R. de la Sota 17 (US).

ECUADOR: Napo: collected near Tena, alt. 1000 m, flowered in cultivation by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo,

11 Jan. 2004, A. Hirtz 8664 (MO).

This species occurs frequently in Central America, but infrequently in the Andes

as far as Ecuador. Specklinia acrisepala is characterized by the caespitose habit

with leaves up to eight centimeters long and less than one and a half centimeters

wide, and peduncles up to 10 centimeters long. The flowers are produced succes-

sively in a fascicle of congested pedicels at the apex of the peduncle. The lateral

sepals are partially connate with the lateral margins revolute and glabrous; the

petals are dilated on the labellar margin; and the lip is oblong with erect marginal

angles below the middle and a pair of spiculate-denticulate calli.

— alexii (A.H.Heller) Luer, comb. nov

Pleurothallis alexii A.H.Heller, Phytologia 14: 8, 1966.

ae ‘Na med in honor of Alex Hawkes, friend and hid enthusiast.

Syn.: Specklinia alexii (A.H.Heller) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

ant small, epiphytic, shortly repent to caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-8 mm

long, aioe by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 5-8.5 cm long

including an indistinct petiole 1-2 cm long, 0.6-0.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a congested fascicle of single, successive foten , borne by a slender, more or less horizontal

peduncle 5-7 cm long; pedicels 6-8 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, Re Gee 4-6 mm long; ovary

2 mm long; sepals with all 3 apices connivent, membranous, translucent white, heavily suffused with

purple above the basal third, glabrous, low-carinate, the dorsal sepal pio cL. acute, concave, 11

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to above the middle into and oblong-ovate,

concave synsepal, 11 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, 6-veined, with the apices acute;petals purple, elliptical,

oblique, acute, with the labellar margin dilated, 3.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 2-veined; lip creamy white,

marked with purple on lobes and apex, fleshy, oblong-obovate, trilobed, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the

apex rounded, microscopically cellular-denticulate, the margins with subacute angles below the middle,

the disc cellular-glandular above the base, the base truncate with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged

to the column-foot; column green, suffused with red, winged above the middle, with the margins minute-

ly denticulate, dentate at the apex, 3 mm long, the foot ca. 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: Cerro Matapalo, Tuma Grade, alt. ca. 3,200 ft., July 1965, A.H. Heller 8631

(Holotype: F; Isotype: AMES); sine loc., collected by Fred Fuchs, Jr., flowered in cultivation, 24

Oct. 1980, C. Luer 5593 (SEL).

This species is apparently rare and endemic in Nicaragua. It is characterized by

the very shortly creeping rhizome and small elliptical leaves with short ramicauls.

The flower is distinctive with the three acute apices of the sepals connivent, forming

gaping lateral windows reminiscent of Ophidion pleurothallopsis (Kraenzl.) Luer.

The petals are acute with the labellar margin dilated. The lip is rounded at the apex

with acute, marginal angles between the middle and basal third.

Sarcinula areldii (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis areldii Luer, Selbyana 2: 385, LO7s.

Ety.: Named for Dr. Robert L. Dressler (an acronym of RLD), sour of the Smithsonian Tropical

Research Institute, Balboa, Canal Zone, who first collected this spec

Syn.: Specklinia areldii (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: ose 2001.

Plant medium in size for the genus, epiphytic, oe roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect,

12-15 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacut

8-13 cm long including an indistinct petiole 2-3 cm long, 15. 20 mm wide, gradually narrowed below i

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 205

the petiole. Inflorescence a congested fascicle of single, successive flowers, borne by a slender, more or

less horizontal peduncle 5-8.5 cm long; pedicels 10-12 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricating,

3-5 mm long; ovary yellow, dotted with brown, 2 mm long; sepals membranous, dull yellow, ieiepularly

spotted purple, carinate and glabrous externally, cellular-glandular within, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute,

concave, 15 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute, shortly

bifid lamina, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide, 6-veined; petals purple, glabrous, obovate-spathulate, oblique, 5

mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex ae ae aad 2-veined, with the labellar margin dilated; lip

red-purple, fleshy, oblong, 4.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, minutely erose, with an

obtuse marginal angle between the Ze an basal thirds, the disc with a pair of minutely verrucose

calli on the middle third, shallowly channeled between, the base truncate with a minute lobule at each

corner, hinged to the column-foot; column yellow, suffused with purple, stout, 3 mm long, longitudinal-

ly winged with the margins minutely denticulate, dentate at the apex, the foot 2 mm long, the anther and

stigma ventral.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna dam site, alt. 750 m, Feb. 1977, collected by R.L. Dressler s.n., flowered

in cultivation, 9 Aug. 1977, C. Luer 1653 (Holotype: SEL).

COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: cultivated by Orquideas del Valle, collected nearby, 15 Mar. 1997, C.

Luer 18443 (MO).

This species is most closely related to Sarcinula brighamii (S.Watson) Luer,

among those species characterized by a fascicle of successive flowers borne by a

slender peduncle. It differs from them by the larger vegetative and floral parts; a

more or less horizontal peduncle; acute, purple-spotted sepals; oblique, sub-

spathulate petals; and an oblong lip with obtuse marginal angles below the middle.

Sarcinula barbae (Schltr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas: Pleurothallis barbae Schltr., Repert. Spec. ne Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 104, 1923.

Ety.: Named for Volcan Barba where this species was collected.

Syn.: Specklinia barbae (Schitr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

ant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 6-18 mm long, enclosed

= aha sheaths. Leaf thinly coriaceous, erect, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-6 cm long including

an tea petiole 1-2.5 cm long, 0.6-1.2 cm wide, gradually cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

a congested, fascicle of single, successive flowers, 2 flowers often open simultaneously; borne by

a slender peduncle 4-5 cm long; pedicels 4-6 mm; floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricating, 3-4 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals membranous, pene except for cellular margins, sharply low-carinate, ye el-

phic a aan the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 8 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate to near the apex into an oblong-ovate, Soy bifid lamina with subacute apices, 8.5 mm long,

5 mm wide eae the base, 6-veined, with the sides revolute above the lower third; petals translucent

light orange with orange veins, obovate, oblique, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined, the margins dilat-

ed, the labellar margin greater, the apex obtuse, shortly acuminate; lip bright orange, thickly fleshy,

oblong, 2.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, rounded at the apex, with a pair of low calli above the middle on

the convex disc, the disc with a rounded, shallow, sticky cavity above a broad, concave claw, hinged to

the column-foot; column bright orange, stout, 2 mm long, longitudinally winged with the margins

minutely denticulate, dentate at the apex, the foot ca. 1 mm long, with a converging pair of marginal calli

near the middle, the anther and stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Vulcan Barba, alt. ca. 2000 m, 21 Jan. 1909, A. & C. es 1127 (Holotype of

P. barbae destroyed at B, Lectotype here designated: AMES; Isolectotype: HB); Yerba Buena, northeast

of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m, 22, 28 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 49056, oe 49828, 49846,

49888, 49909, 49916, 49958, 49963, 49993, 50032, 50103, 50121 (AMES); Cerro de la Caricias, north

of San Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, 11 Mar. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 52092, 52153, 52308, 52336,

52471, 52476, 52488 (AMES); Cerro da las Lajas, alt. 2000-2400 m, 7 Mar. 1926, P.C. Standley & J.

Valerio 51409, 51560, 51617 (AMES); Cerro de Zurqui, alt. 2000-2400 m, 3 Mar. 1926, P.C. Standley &

o, alt. 2000 m 19

Arriba de Gallito, collected by R. Escobar, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C.

Luer 13119 (MO); Zurquf, alt. 2000 m, 16 Nov. 1979, K.S. Walter 79-384 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 4833;

Arriba de Gallito, collected by R. Escobar, 1986, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr.

1988, C. Luer 13119 (M

PANAMA: Chiriqut: Cerro Punta, alt. 2000 m, collected by E. Olmos, cultivated by Finca Dracula, 14

Nov. 1998, C. Luer 18780 (MO).

206 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species was described by Schlechter from a Costarica collection by the

Brade brothers on Volcan Barba. It is a florally distinctive species characterized by

the small, caespitose habit with short ramicauls, and a fascicle of pedicels borne

near the tips of the leaves by slender peduncles. The flowers are medium in size for

the genus, and orange in color. The synsepal is broad with the sides revolute above

the basal third. The apex of the oblique petals 1s obtuse and shortly acute. The lip

is thick with a pair of low calli on the convex surface. A rounded, gland-like struc-

ture is present above the broad, decurved, claw-like base.

Sarcinula brighamella (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis brighamella Luer, Monogr. Syst t. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 171, 1999.

Ety.: Named for the resemblance to a small Sarcinula brighamii (S.Watson) Luer.

Syn.: Specklinia brighamella (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 14-18 mm long including a

petiole 1-2 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested fascicle

of single, successive flowers, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 20-25 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long;

floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricating, acuminate, 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals mem-

branous, light tan, flecked with red along the veins, subcarinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, acute,

5 mm ee 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate above the middle into an ovate, bifid lamina,

5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 6-veined, the apices acute; petals translucent, mottled and edged in purple,

obovate- spathulate ee 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, an apex su ubacute, 2-veined, with the labelar

mm long, longitudinally winged, bidentate at the apex, the foot 1 mm long without calli, the anther and

stigma ventral.

PANAMA: Chiriqui: near Finca Dracula, cultivated by Maduro’s Tropical Flowers at Cerro Punta, 18

Nov. 1998, C. Luer 19005 (Holotype: MO).

This very small species with leaf with ramicaul usually less than 20 centimeters

tall is closely related to the relatively frequent and widely distributed Sarcinula

brighamii (S.Watson) Luer. It is distinguished from the latter by the minute habit;

much smaller, red-flecked, tan sepals; and a column-foot devoid of calli.

ulna brighamii (S.Watson) Luer, comb. no

as.: Pleurothallis brighamii S.Watson, Proc. Amer. at Za: 285, 1888.

a Named for Brigham, an acquaintance of Watson from Guatemala.

Syn.: Specklinia brighamii (S.Watson) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

ant small to medium in size for the subgenus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

slender, erect, 3-10 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

obovate, subacute, 3-8 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1-3 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, gradually

narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested fascicle of single, successive flowers, borne

by a ooo sees peduncle 4-5 cm long; pedicels 3-9 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricat-

ing, 3-4 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals membranous, or yo suffused longitudinally along

the veins a purple-brown, solidly suffused toward the base, subcarina e and glabrous externally, cellu-

lar-glandular within, the dorsal sepal oblong, acute, 5.5-8 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals connate above the middle into an obovate, bifid lamina, 6-8 mm long, 5-5.5 mm wide, 6-veined,

the apices acute; petals yellow, veined in purple or brown, glabrous, obovate-spathulate, oblique, 2-2.5

mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the apex obtuse, 2-veined, with the labellar margin dilated; lip deep purple,

fleshy, oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex rounded, minutely erose, with an obtuse marginal

angle between the middle and basal thirds, the disc with a pair of minutely verrucose calli on the middle

third, shallowly channeled between, the base truncate with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged to the

column- ee column yellow, suffused with purple, stout, 2-3 mm long, longitudinally winged with the

margins sometimes minutely denticulate, dentate at the apex, the foot 1 mm long with a pair of thick,

obtuse eat the anther and stigma ventral.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 207

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: forests of Chocén, collected 1885?, flowered in cultivation at Cam-

bridge, Aug. 1887, S. Watson s.n. (Holotype: AMES); Rio Chacé6n, alt. 100 ft., 11 Feb. 1921, H. Johnson

1180 (AMES); Jocoldé, Rio Jocol6, alt. 100 ft., Mar. 1921, S$. Watson 1281 (AMES). Peten: Santa Teresa,

Subin River, 12 Apr. 1933, C.L. Lundell 2668 (AMES); San Clemente to Dos Arroyos, 1 May 1931,

H.H. Bartlett 12816 (AMES); south of Tikal National Park, 19 June 1973, T-B. Croat 24755 (MO).

Izabal: along Rio Frio, alt. 75 m, 17 Dec. 1941, J.A. Steyermark 39914 (AMES).

O: Chiapas: Agua Azul, alt. 500 m, Lamas et al. s.n. (K, illustr.); Union Juérez, Volcan

Tacana, alt. 1600-2400 m, 19 June 1985, E. Martinez S. 13347 (MEXU, MO); Ocosingo, road to Boca

Lacantum, alt. 200 m, 18 Aug. 1984, E. Martinez S. 7455 (MEXU, MO).

Yucatan: Campeche, ruins south of Villahermosa, 7 Jan. 1932, C.L. Lundell 1158 (AMES).

BELIZE: El Cayo district, June-July 1936, C.L. Lundell 6342 (AMES); Toledo, Southern Maya Moun-

tains, ao. Nature Reserve, alt. 250 m, 14 May 1997, G. Davidse 36416 (MO).

EL SALYV.

oo Atlantida: Mt. Cangrejal, Danto River, alt. 1,100 ft., 30 July 1938, 7.G. Yuncker et al.

8713 (AMES, K); northwest of Cabeza del Negro, alt. 200-500 m, 26 Apr. 1994, D.L. Hazlett & A.E.

Brant 8103 (MO). Cortes, Santa Cruz de Yojoa, J.B. Edwards 514 (AMES). Yoro: vicinity of Progres-

so, Rio Palo, 8 Mar. 1923, O. Ames IT 121 (AMES); Rio Texiquat, alt. 300 m, 11 Apr. 1995, T. Hawkins

& M. Merello 750 (M

COSTA RICA: sine ise. ca. 1867, A. Endres 24 (Illustr. at W). Puntarenas: Peninsula de Osa, alt. 100

m, collected by J. Combronero, flowered in cultivation by J. Garcia in San José, 16 Mar. 1995, C. Luer

17402 (MO). San José: vicinity of El General, alt. 915 m, Dec. 1935, A.F. Skutch 2322 (AMES).

Limon: east of El Carmen, alt 10 m, 29 Mar. 1972, R.W. Lent 2423 (MO).

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Isla Colon, 20 Aug. 1940, H. Wedel 486 (AMES). Chiriqui: flowered in

cultivation by P. Jesup in Bristol, CT, 10 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13789 (MO). Panama: foothills east of

Panama City, sea level, Feb. 1924, C.W. Powell 274 (AMES); along Rio Tecumen, north of Chepo road,

alt. 30 m, 27 Jan. 1935, A.A. Hunter & P.H. Allen 225 (AMES); vicinity of Salamanca Hydrographic

Station, Rio Pequenj, alt. 80 m, 28 July 1938, R.E. Woodson, P.H. Allen & R.J. Seibert 1585 (AMES);

Rio Maestra, alt. 25 m, 4 Dec. 1936, PH. Allen 54 (AMES); Barro Colorado Island, 10 Jan. 1940, RW.

Hunnewell 16435 (AMES); Peninsula de Osa, alt. 100 m, collected by J. Combronero, flowered in

cultivation by J. Garcia, 16 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17402 (MO); San José Island, Perlas Archipelago,

Gulf of Panama, Rio Mareno north of Red Hill, 12 Oct. 1944, 1M. Johnston 135 (AMES); same island,

mouth of Matta Puerco, 13 Nov. 1944, .M. Johnston 487 (AMES

HAITI: Rio Glace, D. Dod 1026 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16540.

CUBA: Guantanamo: Imias. Monte Oscuro (esquistos), 2 May 1998, J. Guttiérrez, J. Hernandez & R.

Villaverde iia (HAJB).

JAMA ockpit country, collected by the Jesups and the Luers, Nov. 1985, flowered in cultivation in

Bristol, CT, 10 Dec. 1988, by P. Jesup, C. Luer 13790 (MO),

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: west of Lita, toward San Lorenzo, alt. 60 m, 25 Jan. 1996, A. Hirtz 6267

(MO); C. Luer illustr. 17843

This species is relatively common and widely distributed from southernmost

Mexico through Panama, and rarely as far as the lowlands of northwestern Ecuador.

It is characterized by the tuft of small, narrowly obovate leaves and a fascicle of

pedicels held about as high as the leaves by a slender peduncle. The yellow or light

brown synsepal is suffused with brown below the middle, and expanded toward the

bifid apex. The petals are oblique and obovate-spathulate with a dilated lower

margin; and the dark purple lip is oblong with obtuse marginal angles below the

middle. A pair of thick, obtuse calli are present on the column-foot.

Sarcinula calderae (Luer), Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis calderae Luer, Sa. 2. 53, 2001

Ety.: Named for the Rio Caldera in northern Colombia where the species was collected.

Syn.: Specklinia calderae (Luer), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

lant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical-obovate, acute to subacute, 3-4 cm long includ-

ing an indistinct petiole ca. 5 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence a single flower produced successively in a congested fascicle, borne by a slender

peduncle 3.5-4.5 cm long; pedicels 6-8 mm long; floral bracts thin, imbricating, 3-4 mm long; ovary 2

mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, low-carinate, tan with brown stripes, the dorsal sepal oblong

with revolute margins above the middle, obtuse, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

oblong, oblique, acute, convex above the middle, 10.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate below

the middle; petals translucent tan, obovate, oblique, acute, 2.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 2-veined, the

208 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

labellar margin slightly dilated; lip brown, oblong, 2.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, with low, obtuse, mar-

ginal angles between the mid and basal thirds, the apex rounded, cellular-glandular, the disc shallowly

sulcate between a pair of low, parallel calli along the middle two-thirds, glandular-cellular, the base

truncate, obscurely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot; column green, suffused with purple, stout, 2

mm long, longitudinally winged, dentate at the apex, the foot ca. 1 mm long, the anther and stigma

ventral.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Rio Caldera, alt. 800 m, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 19 Mar.

1989, C. Luer 14273 (Holotype: MO).

Among the species with fasciculate pedicels, this species from lowland Colom-

bia is most similar to Central American Sarcinula simmleriana (Rendle) Luer. It is

distinguished from the latter by the proportionately small petals and lip compared to

the longer sepals; and a non-denticulate, rounded apex of the lip.

Sarcinula chontalensis (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes), Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis chontalensis A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes, Phytologia 14: 10, 1966.

Ety.: Named for the department of Chontales, Nicaragua, where the species was discovered.

n.: Specklinia chontalensis (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes), Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls short, erect, 4-5 mm long, enclosed by

2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, subpetiolate, with the apex obtuse to round-

ed, 18-30 mm long including the petiole 3-4 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, cuneate below into the ee

Inflorescence a very congested, successive, 2- to 3-flowered raceme, more or less fasciculate, ca. 1 mm

long, borne by a slender, glandular peduncle 20-22 mm long, from the ramicaul; floral bracts tk

ing, 2 mm long; pedicels 4 mm long; ovary trialate, 3 mm long; flowers stated to be yellow-orange;

nae tall-carinate, Reakeig cee pubescent within, the dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, acute, 10.5 mm

ong, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate-triangular, oblique, acute, connate 5 mm to

the middle, 10 mm ie 4 mm wide together, 6-veined; petals membranous, obovate, oblique, acute, 2.5

mm wide, with the labellar margin dilated; lip fleshy, oblong, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, slight-

ly dilated above the middle, with the apical half verrucose, denticulate, rounded at the apex, the disc with

a low, parallel pair of irregular calli near the middle, the margins in the lower third with a very small,

erect, acute lobe, the base subunguiculate, hinged beneath to the column-foot; column semiterete, long-

denticulate at the apex, 2.5 mm long, the foot | mm long, the anther and stigma hooded and ventral.

NICARAGUA: Chontales: Rio Mico, epiphytic, alt. 1,900 ft., Aug. 1960, A.H. Heller 3735 (Holotype:

AMES); same locality, alt. 1,400 ft., A.W. Heller 7827 (AMES); Cerro El Chamarro, La Libertad district,

alt. 2,175 ft., A.H. Heller 1036 (AMES

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Santa Maria National Park, primary forest, Caribbean slope, alt. 600

m, 8 Feb. 1978,R. Liesner 5187 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 16519.

This Costa Rican species is distinguished by obovate leaves borne by abbreviat-

ed ramicauls. The inflorescence is a congested, successively few-flowered raceme

borne by a minutely glandular peduncle about as long as the leaves. The sepals are

minutely ciliate, acute, the laterals semiconnate; the petals are ventricose; the lip is

oblong with tiny lateral lobes on the lower third, and with the apical half verrucose

and denticulate.

Sarcinula condylata (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

B urothallis condylata Luer, Selbyana 3: 80, 1976

Ety.: From the Latin condylatus, ‘‘with knuckles,” in allusion to the apex of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia condylata (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant medium in size for the subgenus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

erect, 6-10 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-

obovate, subacute, 3-6.5 cm long including an indistinct petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.7-1.2 cm wide, dese

ly narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested fascicle of single, successive flow

borne by a slender, suberect peduncle 3-6 cm long; pedicels 4-8 mm long; floral bracts thin, nee

imbricating, 3-5 mm long; ovary green, spotted with brown, 2 mm long; sepals membranous, yellow,

flecked with Renan carinate and pubes externally, cellular-glandular within, the dorsal sepal

ovate, acute, concave, 10-13 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to about the

middle into an eee bifid lamina with geile apices, 13-15 mm long, 7-8.5 mm wide together, 6-

veined; petals yellow, spotted with brown, glabrous, obovate, oblique, obtuse, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.75

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 209

mm wide, 2-veined, with the labellar margin slightly dilated; lip red-purple, cuneate-oblong, 6-8 mm

long, 3-4 mm wide, the apex obtuse to subtruncate, recurved, with a low, obtuse marginal angle between

the middle and basal thirds, the disc shallowly concave between a pair of longitudinal calli, the base

truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column green, spotted with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, longitu-

dinally winged above the middle, the foot about equally long, the anther and stigma ventral.

PANAMA: Chiriquf: Fortuna dam site, alt. 750 m, Feb. 1977, collected by R.L. Dressler s.n., flowered

in cultivation, 9 Aug. 1977, C. Luer 1653 (Holotype: SEL).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: above San Cristdébal, alt. 1800 m, collected by L. Acosta, flowered in cultiva-

tion by J. Garcia in San José, 16 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17401 (MO). Puntarenas: Rincon de Osa, alt. 20-

300 m, 6 Feb. 1974, R. Liesner 1750 (MO); Osa, El Campo, between Aguabuena and Baneguitas, alt.

350 m, 13 Jan. 1991, G. Herrera 4818 (CR, MO); Osa de Sierpe, Rio San Juan, alt. 600 m, 25 Jan. 1991,

G. Herrera 4871 (CR, MQ); above San Vito, alt. 1500 m, collected by L. Acosta, flowered in cultivation

by J. Garcia in San José, 16 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17400, 17401 (MO).

This species, perhaps most similar to Sarcinula areldii (Luer) Luer, is distin-

guished by the small clump of narrowly elliptical-obovate leaves, and peduncles

nearly as long that bear a fasciculate raceme of successive, comparatively large,

yellow flowers flecked with brown. The petals are dilated along the lower margin.

The dark red-purple lip is proportionately large and cuneate with the truncate apex

more or less lobulate and decurved.

ae corniculata (Sw.) Luer, comb. ae

drum corniculatum Sw., Prodr. 123, 1

Et ya ‘From the Latin corniculatus, “little- horned,”’ ae to the flower.

Syn.: Dendrobium corniculatum (Sw.) Sw., Nov. Act. Upsal. 6: 83, 1799.

Syn.: Cymbidium corniculatum (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 722, 1826.

Syn.: Specklinia emarginata Lindl., Gen. Spec. Orch. Pl. 8, 1830.

Ety.: From the Latin emarginatus, “‘emarginate,”’ referring to the leaf.

Syn.: Specklinia corniculata (Sw.) Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 431, 1841, nom. illeg.

Syn.: Pleurothallis corniculata (Sw.) Lindl. Bot. Reg., Misc. 83, 1942.

Syn.: Pleurothallis vilipensa Rchb.f., Hamburger Blumen-Gartenzeitung 13: 3, 1

Ety.: From the Latin aa ‘vilified, worthless,’’ Reichenbach’s opinion of the species.

Syne Pi Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 326, ae as rubigena.

Ety.: From the Latin nubigena, “begotten of a cloud,” ee ven to the habita

Syn.: Pleurothallis pyrsodes Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 2: 386, 1

Ety.: From the Greek pyrsodes, ‘‘firelike, hence orange or 3 referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Humboldtia corniculata (Sw.) Kuntze, Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia pyrsodes (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Humboldtia vilipensa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis barboselloides Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 18, 1922.

Ety.: Named for the superficial similarity of the species to a Barbosella.

Syn.: Pleurothallis jocolensis Ames, Sched. Orch. 2: 19, 1923

Ety.: Named for Jocold, a — in Guatemala where the species was collected.

Syn.: Specklin boselloides (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia nalie (Rchb. f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-12 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 2-5 cm long including a petiole 0.3-1

cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary, long-pedi-

cellate flower, often followed by a second, borne by a capillary peduncle, 2.5-4.5 cm long, from the

ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubular, 2-3 mm long; pedicel 10-15 mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm long; sepals

membranous, glabrous, low-carinate, yellow to orange, sometimes with darker veins, more or less thick-

ened toward the apex, the dorsal sepal se subacute to narrowly obtuse, concave, 6-10 mm long,

2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, shortly bifid synsepal with subacute

apices, 6-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 6-veined; ana translucent light yellow, elliptical-obovate, acute to

narrowly obtuse, oblique, dilated on the labellar margin, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 2- to 3-veined;

lip yellow or orange, fleshy, oblong, subtrilobed, 2.5-2.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, with obtuse,

marginal angles between the middle and basal thirds, the apex rounded with the margins microscopically

denticulate-erose, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, parallel calli above the middle, the

base truncate without lobules, hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, 1.75-2 mm long, longitudi-

nally winged, dentate at the apex, the foot ca. 1 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral.

210 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

JAMAICA: sine loc., O. Swartz s.n. (Holotype of Epidendrum corniculatum: BM); sine loc.,

“‘lowlands,’’ Nov. 1885, J.P. Syme & D. Morris 2403 (K, NY); near Rodney Hall, Purdie s.n. (K): sine

loc., 2 Oct. 1855, D. Morris s.n. (W); Hopeton, Westmoreland, alt. 1,400 ft., 19 Sept. 1907, W. Harris

9781 (BM, NY). Portland: Windsor Forest to Lawrence Bottom, alt. 500 ft., 20 Sept. 1960, C.D. Adams

8085 (MO). St. Thomas: Mansfield, 15-19 Sept. 1908, N.L. Britton 3565 (AMES, NY). St. Elizabeth:

Gorge of Jones River, north of Ginger Hill, alt. 900-1000 ft., 25 Apr. 1961, G.R. Proctor 22232 (AMES).

Trelawny: northwest of Troy, alt. 2250 m, 24 May 1953, G.R. Proctor 8009 (AMES). Cornwall:

northwest of Troy, along Crown Lands Road, alt. 640 m, 10 Nov. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup

11474 (MO).

CUBA: Oriente: 1856-57, C. Wright 657 (holotype of P. nubigena: K; isotypes: AMES, BR); near Monte

Verde, Jan.-July 1859 (1860-1864), C. Wright 150] (AMES, BM, BR, HAC, K, LE, MO, NY, W); Sierra

Nipe, alt. 450-550 m, 5 Dec. 1909, J.A. Schafer 3037 (AMES, NY); Vicinity of Piedra Gorda, 26 Jan.

1910, J.A. Schafer 3707 (AMES, NY); Loma del Gato, vicinity of Cobre Range of Sierra Maestra, Alt.

1000-1200 m, 11 July 1921, Fre. Leon, Fre. Clement & Fre. M. Roca 10238 (AMES, NY); Loma del

Gato, July 1944, Bro. Alain 369 (AMES, HAC). Santa Clara, Trinidad Mts., Arroyo de Manaca, alt. 320

m, 4 Mar, 1910, N.L. Britton & E.G. Britton 5016 (AMES, NY). Las Villas: south of Manicaragua, |

July 1953, R.L. Dressler 1293 (MO); south of Ciimanayasia: 5 July 1953, R.L. Dressler 1313 (MO);

Sancti Spiritus, Alturas de Sancti Spiritus, alt. 500 m, 16 Nov. 1975, A. Alvarez, J. Bisse, H. Dietrich et

al. 28853 (JE). Santa Clara: Pitajones to Ciegos de Ponciano, 29 Feb. 1912, J.A. Schafer 12258 (NY);

Sancti-Spiritus Mountains, Sierra del Caballete, 1-11 Aug. 1916, Bros. Leon & Clement 6580 (NY).

HAITI: Riviere Glace, alt. 2200 ft., 5 a 1944, J. T. Curtis 36 (AMES); Riviere Glace: alt. 750 m, 6

Aug. 1945, IR. Holdridge 2196 (AM

GUATEMALA: Isabal: Jocol6, Rio oie H. Johnson 1048 (holotype of P. jocolensis: AMES).

BELIZE: Toledo District: Blue Creek above Blue Creek Village, alt. 40 m, 15 Feb. 1979, I. McLeish &

B.R. Adams B-11 (K).

HONDURAS: Atlantica: near ce Guaymas, 9 Mar. 1923, O. Ames II 143a (AMES). Colon: Claura,

Apr. 1923, H.J. Spinden s.n. (AMES).

NICARAGUA: Chontales: sine loc., A.H. Heller 9724 (SEL).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: south of Cartago, 1869, A. Endres 58 (W); Rio Payres, camino real, ca. 1867,

A. Endres 85, sketch 219 (illustr. at W). Guanacaste: Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, alt. 600-700 m, 21 Jan.

1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 45446, 45472, 45503 (AMES); La Tejona, north of Tilaran, alt. 600-

700 m, 25 Jan. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 45958, 46034, 46040 (AMES).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: Mata Frances between David and Boquete, alt. 500 m, 11 Sept. 1976, C. Luer &

H. Butcher 1244 (SEL). Coclé: El Valle, alt. 1000 m, Nov. 1976, G. Kennedy s.n. (SEL).

Panama: foothills near city, near sea level, Apr.-May 1919, C.W. Powell 92 (holotype of P. barbosel-

loides destroyed at B; lectotype Bee: here: MO; isolectotype: AMES); near Tapia River, Juan Diaz

region, 1-3 June 1923, WR. Maxon & A.D. Harvey 6699 (AMES, US); road to Cerro Jefe, sorties of

Lago Cerro Azul, alt. 600-800 m, 1 May 1974, M. Nee 11543 (MO). Darien: vicinity of Canglon, west

of bridge in Canglon, alt. 50 ft., 14 May 1980, T. Antonio 460] (MO). Colén: between Colén and Porto

Belo, 18 June 1977, J.P. Folsom 3764 (MO).

CENTRAL AMERICA: sine loc., obtained by Reichenbach from Mr. William Saunders s.n. (holotype

of P. pyrsodes: W), C. Luer illustr. 18561.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Villa Arteaga, alt. 100 m, 19 Apr. 1948, FS. Soto & F-A. Barkley 18C615

(US); Villa Artega, alt. 150 m, 6 Dec. 1958, F se & M.J. Sanchez 29, 30 (US). Chocé: Rio Atrato,

Samurind6, alt. ca. 80 m, 1 Apr. 1958, J. Cuatre s & M. Llano 24112 (US); Bahia Solano, alt. 150 m,

collected by G. Gerlach cultivated at Colo omborquideas, 20 Apr. 1997, R. Escobar 8326 (MO). Valle

ulpapel and Bu

Mar. 1986, Miryam Monsalve B. 1003 Sree Sine lo. aug ted at the Botanischer Garten Ham-

burg, obtained from Warscewicz s.n. (holotype of P. vilipensa: W).

VENEZUELA: Hee . Pardngula near ee ae 1973, alt. 500 m, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1270.

GUYANA: 1898, E.F. im Thurn 34 (K); Arawak Matope Falls, Oct. 1904, A.W. Bartlett 8399 (K);

Essequibo River, Mou: lli Creek near Bartica, alt. near sea level, 15 Oct. 1929, N.Y. Sandwith 461 (K);

between Mazaruni Station and Labbakabra Creek, 27 Aug. ae N. Y. Sandwith 1224 (K).

FRENCH GUIANA: Route regina to St. Georges, Savane roc e du 14 Juillet, 16 Apr. 1991, G. Cremers

12177 (CAY, MO).

This species was first collected in Jamaica, and described by Swartz in 1788 as

Epidendrum corniculatum [=Sarcinula corniculata (Sw.) Luer]. In 1830, Lindley

listed E. corniculatum in the synonymy of his description of Specklinia emarginata

[=Sarcinula corniculata]. In 1859, Lindley erred when he listed Epidendrum

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE Zit

monophyllum Hook. (Exot. Fl. t.109, 1825) [=Antilla alpestris (Sw.) Luer] and his

Specklinia emarginata as synonyms of the Peruvian Pleurothallis emarginata

[=Physosiphon emarginatus (Lindl.) Lindl.] with a mixed description of both taxa.

Beginning with Lindley, Sarcinula corniculata has also been misidentified as

Pleurothallis hymenantha Lindl., a species he described from Brazil.

arcinula corniculata is frequent and widely distributed through Central Ameri-

ca, the Greater Antilles and northernmost South America. It is characterized by

elliptical leaves surpassed by a slender, elongate peduncle that bears a single,

yellow to orange flower on a long, slender pedicel. Only occasionally does a

second pedicel bear another flower. The sepals are membranous and subacute,

sometimes with darker stripes along the veins; the petals are dilated on the labellar

margin; and the lip is oblong with marginal angles on the lower half and shallowly

sulcate medially between a pair of low calli.

Sarcinula corniculata (Sw.) Luer is commonly confused with S. striata

(H.Focke) Luer, which is distinguished by a several-flowered, congested, short-

pediceled fascicle borne by a slender peduncle, while S. corniculata bears on long

pedicels one, or a second flower.

cata coronula (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas urothallis coronula Luer, Monogr. Sys roe Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 171,

Ety.: tae the Latin coronula, “‘a little crown,’ a ng to the fringed cavity at the me of the lip.

Syn.: Specklinia coronula (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259, 2004.

t small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-9 mm long, enclosed

a 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical, acute, 15-20 mm long including the petiole 5-8

m long, 3-4.5 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiolate base. Inflorescence a congested,

ee ee flowered fascicle; peduncle 2.5-5 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts

thin, tubular, imbricating, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 5 mm long; ovary lightly papillose, 1.25 mm long;

sepals translucent light green, suffused with rose centrally, membranous, minutely denticulate with

ee carinate, the dorsal sepal oblong, subacute, concave, shortly acuminate, 7 mm long, 4 mm

wide, a the lateral sepals connate to above the middle into an ovate, bifid lamina with acute,

acumi ie , 7mm long, 5 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translucent rose, obliquely oblong, shortly

unguiculate, Bbliguely obtuse at the apex, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, l-veined, with the margins minute-

ly erose; lip rosy brown, elliptical-oblong, 3.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with the margins thin and ser-

rate, rounded at the apex, the disc with a longitudinal pair of subparallel calli nearly the length of the lip,

at the base the calli join to foun a fringed cup-like cavity, the apex with a central, serrated callus, the

base hinged to the column-foot; column 2 mm long, with broad, round wings, the foot 2 mm long, with a

prominent pair of pedunculated calli near the middle, the anther subapical and stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Narino: sine loc., collected by José Luis Aguirre, cultivated by J & L Orchids at Easton,

CT, 19 June 1998, C. Luer 18824 (Holotype: MO).

ECUADOR: sine loc., collected and cultivated in Quito, 2001, A. Hirtz 7876 (MO), C. Luer illustr.

20230.

This little species has been found on rare occasions in southern Colombia, and

somewhere in Ecuador. The flower is borne successively in a fascicle by a slender

peduncle twice or more longer than the leaves. The shortly acuminate sepals are

minutely carinate-denticulate. The petals are obliquely obtuse with minutely erose

margins. The lip is elliptical with thin, serrate margins. A longitudinal pair of

carinae join above the base to form a fringed crown-like cavity. A large, peduncu-

lated callus is present on either side of the column-foot.

212 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sees cycesis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, comb. nov

Pleurothallis cycesis Luer & R. Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 49, 1996.

a ‘From the Greek kykesis, ‘‘a mixture,”’ in allusion to the unusual combination of morphological

characters

Syn.: Specklinia cycesis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260,

2004.

lant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly obovate, subacute, 10-13 mm long, 2.5-3 mm

wide, the base gradually narrowed to the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a fascicle of solitary, succes-

sive flowers, large for the plant, borne by capillary peduncle, more or less lightly tuberculate, 22-25 mm

long, laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, 2 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 1

mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, low-carinate, rosy cream, light purple toward the base, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave below the middle, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals

connate into an ovate, acute, minutely bifid synsepal, 8.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 4-veined; petals translu-

ly denticulate-erose, the disc with a parallel pair of minutely irregular carinae, the base truncate, obscure-

ly biauriculate, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, 2 mm long, with a pair of oblong, descending

wings above the middle, the foot equally long with a pair of auricles above the base, the anther exposed

but ventral as are the rostellum and stigma.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Turbo, collected by H. Angarita, July 1987, flowered in cultivation

by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14290 (Holotype: MO).

This tiny species, apparently endemic in the Central Cordillera of Colombia, is

distinguished by the fascicle of successive, comparatively large flowers borne by a

hairlike peduncle about twice as long as the leaves. Most unusual is the elliptical,

minutely fimbriate, bicarinate lip, and the column with a pair of conspicuous,

descending, oblong wings. On the lower portion of the foot are a pair of auricles as

seen in the loosely racemose-flowered Specklinia grobyi-picta complex.

Sarcinula displosa (Luer) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis displosa Luer, Monogr. Syst i Bot Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 172, 1999.

Ety.: From the Greek displosus, “spread out,” referring to the elongate raceme.

Syn. Specklinia displosa (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-6 cm long including an indistinct

petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflores-

cence a subcongested to lax, disheveled, progressively flowered raceme up to 12 cm long including the

capillary peduncle 4-6 cm long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, tubular, 2-3 mm

long, fugacious below; pedicels 4-5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, low-

carinate, yellow with orange veins, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacute, concave, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to above the middle into an oblong-ovate, bifid lamina with acute

apices, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent light yellow with orange veins, obovate,

low, parallel calli nearly the length of the lip, glandular-cellular, the base truncate, hinged to the column-

foot; column yellow, 2 mm long, longitudinally winged, dentate at the apex, the foot ca. 1 mm long, the

anther and stigma ventral.

PANAMA: Coclé: El Valle del Anton, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected by George Kennedy, flowered in culti-

vation, 20 Oct. 1981, C. Luer 6533 (SEL).

This species, known only from a Panamanian collection by Dr. George Kenne-

dy, is closely related to the widely distributed Sarcinula corniculata (Sw.) Luer.

The habit of S. dispolsa is considerably larger with leaves about twice as broad.

The inflorescence reaches 12 centimeters or more in length, about half the length

consisting of an elongating, disheveled, successively many-flowered raceme. The

orange flowers are similar to those of S. corniculata, but the raceme of S. cornicula-

ta is single-flowered, only occasionally followed by a second.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 213

Sar exilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. n

Pleurothallis exilis C.Schweinf., Fieldiana Bot. a 183;,.1951.

a. From the Latin exilis, ‘‘small, meager,”’ referring to the habit.

Syn.: ee exilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260, 2004.

lant small, ee caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, ae sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 15-22 mm long includ-

ing a petiole 3-5 mm ae 4-7 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

congested, successively few-flowered raceme, up to 1 cm long including the peduncle, borne laterally

from the ramicaul; floral bract 3-4 mm long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; mature capsule 6 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide; sepals (color unknown), subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, entire lamina, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, 2-veined, free;

petals translucent, broadly elliptical-obovate, obtuse, slightly acuminate, 2 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; lip

oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, | mm wide, the disc shallowly concave longitudinally between what might

have been intramural calli, the base hinged to the column-foot; column thick, semiterete, 1 mm long, the

anther and the stigma distorted, but probably ventral.

VENEZUELA: Monagas: Cerro de la Cueva de Dofia Anita, alt. 1100-1200 m, 7 Apr. 1945, J.A.

Steyermark 61902 (Holotype: F; Isotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 18949.

This little species is poorly known, having been described from a fruiting collec-

tion. Apparently it is known from only a single valley in northeastern Venezuela

west of the Orinoco delta where it was noted to be abundant by Steyermark, but, as

far as I know, has not been seen again or elsewhere. All specimens collected are in

a very advanced stage of fructification with dehiscing capsules and distorted, shriv-

eled flowers at the summit, not at all candidates for description.

The ramicauls are less than half as long as the elliptical leaves. The flowers are

produced successively in two- to four-flowered racemes from the ramicaul by short

peduncles. All ovaries are mature, dehiscing capsules. The flowers are wrinkled

and distorted, but after hydration in concentrated ammonia, a reasonable illustration

can be made with artistic license. The dorsal sepal and synsepal are acute, the

petals are broad and obtuse, and the lip is entire and oblong. There appear to have

been marginal thickening as if there had been intramural calli on the middle third.

Sarcinula fulgens (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis fulgens Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. i 516. 1875.

ty.: From the Latin fulgens, ‘“‘shiny,”’ referring to the smooth, orange, shining sepals.

Syn.: Pleurothallis brenesii Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 182, 1923.

Ety.: Named for Alberto M. Brenes of San Ramén, Costa Rica, who collected this species.

Syn.: Specklinia fulgens (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

es)

Plant large for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, eesigies petiolate, 5-11 cm long including

the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute to subacute, 1.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below into the

petiole. Inflorescence a fascicled, successively several- oe raceme, borne by a slender peduncle 4-

5.5 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, 6-7 mm long; pedicels 10-14 mm long;

ovary crested, 2.5 mm long; sepals red-orange to cena orange, a glabrous, carinate, pee are

toward the apex, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, co e, 10-12 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals connate about midway into an Ace Se iti synsepal with acute tips, 12. 5m mm

long, 9-10 mm wide, forming a shallow mentum with the column-foot, 6-veined; petals orange, oe

cal, oblique, acute, 4-5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2- ee lated on the middle third of the lower mar-

gin; lip orange, oblong- -trilobed, 4.5-5 mm long, 1-1. wide, with short, acute, antrorse marginal

lobes below the middle, slate verrucose above the aide with the apex rounded, microscopically

denticulate-erose, with an apiculum beneath, the disc shallowly channeled between verrucose, longitu-

dinal calli, the base truncate, hinged beneath to the column-foot; column semiterete, 4-4.5 mm long, the

anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 2 mm long.

COSTA RICA: sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 2512 (Holotype: W). Alajuela: San Ramon and Boca del

Dota towards Cerro Pito, ca, 1867, as ‘“‘cinnabarina,”’ A. Endres 35, 51, 52 and illustrations at W; San

Pedro de San Ramon, alt. 700 m, June 1921, A.M. Brencs 30 (holotype of P. brenesii destroyed at B,

lectotype: CR; isolectotypes: AMES, NY); La Palma de San Ramén, alt. 1100 m, 25 Oct. 1927, A.M.

Brenes 12 (AMES); La Palma, 1100 m, 25 Oct. 1922, A.M. Brenes 342 (AMES); sine loc., collected by

214 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Leon Glicenstein, flowered in cultivation by P. Jesup in Bristol, CT, 13 Mar. 1994, C. Luer 17142 (MO).

PANAMA: Panama: Canal Zone, Cerro Horquito, alt. 4,000-5,000 ft., C.W. Powell 335 (MO).

This species occurs locally in Costa Rica and Panama, having been first collect-

ed by Endres. Although uncommon today, Endres commented that it was common

around San Ramon. It is large for the genus with ramicauls up to seven centimeters

long, and a large, petiolate leaf. Large, shiny, orange flowers are produced succes-

sively in a fascicle at the tip of a peduncle about half as tall as the leaf. The petals

are oblique and acute; and the lip is three-lobed below the middle.

Sarcinula glandulosa (Ames) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis glandulosa Ames, Sched. Orch. 6: 60, 1

Ety.: oo the Latin glandulosus, “‘glandular,”’ referring to j peduncle, pedicel and ovary.

Syn.: Pleurothallis vittariifolia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 26, 1923.

Ety.: Referring to the similarity of the leaves to those of Vittaria, a genus of ferns.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pertenuis C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 83, 1935.

Ety.: From the Latin pertenuis, ‘‘very thin,”’ referring to the “‘herb,”’ and scape.

Syn.: Specklinia vittariifolia (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia glandulosa (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls pane erect, 5-6 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly linear- Somat acute, 20-30 mm long, 1.5-3

lowed by a second; peduncle slender, pubescent to minutely tuberculate, 25-40 mm long, produced later-

ally from the ramicaul; floral bract shortly pubescent, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels minutely pubescent or

scabrous, 5-8 mm long; ovary pubescent to minutely verrucose, 1 mm long; sepals minutely ciliate along

veins externally, glabrous within, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 5.5-7.5 mm long, 2-

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, acute, 5.5-7.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to about the middle, forming a mentum with the column-foot; petals translucent, obovate, ob-

lique, acute, 2.75-3 mm long, 1-1.6 mm wide, the lower margin dilated; lip oblong, arcuate, cellular-

pengulet, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, with small, erect, acute or obtuse marginal angles below the middle,

the apex rounded, minutely denticulate, the disc shallowly sulcate between a parallel pair of microscopi-

cally verrucose calli along the middle third, the base subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot; column

semiterete, 2-2.5 mm long, with a pair of apical teeth, the foot 2 mm long, the anther hooded, the stigma

ventral.

ANAMA: Panama: San Juan Grande pce sea level, i LOZ AC: ao Powell 306 yee AMES;

Isotype: MO); near Vigia and San Juan on Rio Pequeni, alt. 66 m, 27 Nov. 1934, . Dodge, J.A

Steyermark & P.H. Allen 16578 (BM); oz Azul, near + Goofy Lake, - Aug. 1960, ri EB, ae 984

(MO). Bocas del Toro: between Gutierrez and Pinola, flowered in cultivation 4 Jan. 1979, R.L. Dressler

s.n. (SEL). Veraguas: west of Las Minas, Cerro Alto Higo, 2,400-3,000 ft., 6 Aug. 1978, B. Hammel

4289 (MO). Los Santos: Loma Prieta, Cerro Grande, alt. 2,400-2,800 ft., WH. Lewis et al. 2214 (MO).

BELIZE: Cayo District: below summit of Buddy Beacon, Mountain Pine Ridge, alt. 1000 m, 14 Oct.

1979, B.R. Adams 210 (K).

HONDURAS: La Mosquita: Gracias a Dios, near Wampusirpi, alt. below 175 m, sine d., A.F: Clewell

4524 (MO).

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: San Jeronimo, alt. 1350 m, June 1921, C. Wercklé 117 (holotype of P. vittari-

folia destroyed at B; Lectotype here designated: AMES 28807, top of sheet); San Pedro de San Ramén

Alaju — ee east of Piedades south of San Ramon, alt. 1235 m, 22 June 1969, R. Lent 1762

(CR). 6n; Guapiles, Rio Corinto, alt. 500 m, 7 Sept. 1990, C. Chavez 52 (INBio, MO). San José:

SS Carrillo, fila de Cafion del Rio Sucio, alt. 400-750 m, 12 Nov. 1983, I. Chacén & G. Herrera

1641 (CR); Santa Rosa de Puriscal, Rio Negro, alt, 400 m, 20 Oct. 1992, J. Morales & Q. Jiménez 891

(CR); Chepo de las Minas, K.S. Walter 78-1518 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 5237. San José: Vasquez de

Coronado, Sendero La Botella, alt. 750 m, 21 Sept. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 558 (CR, K,

MO, SEL). Puntarenas: Carara Reserva, north fork of Quebrada Bonita, alt. 35-40 m, 31 Aug. 1985, M.

Grayum et al, 5939 (MO). Sine loc., ca. 1867, A. Endres 46, 52 (illustr. at W.

YANA: Roraibo, 7 Nov. 1894, E.F. im Thurn 84 (K); Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek, near Barti-

ca, near sea level, 15 Sept. 1929, N.Y. Sandwith 304 (holotype of P. pertenuis: K; isotypes: AMES, NY);

between Mazaruni Station and Labbakabra Creek, 27 Apr. 1937, N.Y. Sandwith 1225 (K); Aruka, jane

1897, E.F. im Thurn 84 (K); Pomeroon River, Mar. 1884, G.S. Jenman 1996 (K); Upper Mazaruni Dis-

trict, adjacent to Eboropu Mountain, alt. 470 m, 8 Apr. 1979, PJ. Edwards 1188 (K).

SURINAME: Wilhelmina Mts., 15 July 1981, Rk. Determann 81-2168 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 6829.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 215

This little species 1s morphologically variable in its wide distribution through

Central America and across coastal South America. It is characterized by the tuft of

very narrow leaves surpassed by a pubescent or scabrous peduncle that bears a

single, bright orange flower that is usually followed by a another. The floral bracts,

pedicel, ovary and external surfaces of the sepals are pubescent or scabrous in vary-

ing degrees. To be seen a strong glass is usually necessary. The sepals are acute,

the laterals partially connate; the petals are acute with the lower margin dilated; and

the lip is oblong with a small marginal angle or lobe below the middle on each side.

The disc is channeled between calli.

Sa eee usreennaaes (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. no

as.: Pleurothallis guanacastensis Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 27, a0.

ee Named for the province of Guanacaste where the species is found.

Syn.: Specklinia guanacastensis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16:

258, 2001.

Plant medium in size, but large for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls

slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ae

petiolate, 5-9 cm long including the petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute to subacute, 1.5-2.7

cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a fasciculate, successively several- flower ed

raceme, borne by a slender peduncle 2-3 cm long, from near the middle of the ramicaul; floral bracts

imbricating, 3 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals red-orange to yellow-orange,

fleshy, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong, acute, thickened toward the apex, concave below

the apical third, 8-10 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to above the middle into

2 4.5-5 ide,

an elliptical-obovate, bifid synsepal with acute tee 8-9 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wi orming a mentu

with the column-foot, 6-veined; petals orange, thick, elliptical-obovate, acute to subacute, 3.75-4.5 mm

long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, 3-veined; lip orange, oblong, arcuate, cellular-verrucose, 3.75-4.5 mm long, 1-

1.5 mm wide, with obtuse, marginal angles below the middle, the apex rounded, microscopically denticu-

late-erose, the disc shallowly channeled between longitudinal calli, the base subtruncate with a minute

lobule at each corner, hinged beneath to the column-foot; column semiterete, 3.5 mm long, with the apex

peas fa annie rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 2.5 mm lon

COSTA uanacaste: Quebrada Serena, southeast of Tilaran, alt. ca. 700 m, P.-C. Standley & J.

Valerio ae (Holotype: AMES); Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, alt. 600-700 m, 21 Jan. 1926, PC. Standley

& J. Valerio 45504 (AMES); sine loc., flowered in cultivation at Kew, 434-1959, 19 May 1959, received

from C.H. Lankester s.n. (K), C. Luer illustr. 17267; Rincén de la Vieja, Hda. Santa Maria, alt. 600-750

m, 17 Oct. 1987, G. Herrera 886 (CR, MO). Alajuela: Upala, Colonia Puntarenas, del Sal6n Comunal

al Rfo Chimuria, alt. 200 m, 11 Nov. 1987, G. Herrera 1216 (CR, MO, SEL); Rio Chimuria, alt. 80-100

m, 17 Nov. 1988, M. Hee 9053 (MO); Monteverde Reserve, Rio Cafio Negro, alt. 800 m, 19 Oct.

1989, E. Bello 1394 (CR, M

NICARAGUA: Mombacho, ae 1938, A. Garnier 1897 (AMES); sine loc., flowered 1n cultivation by J

& L Orchids, Easton, CT, 20 Oct. 1976, C. Luer 356 (SEL).

This species occurs infrequently and locally in Costa Rica. With its orange

flower borne in a fascicle held by the peduncle to about midway the length of the

leaf, it is superficially similar to Sarcinula fulgens (Rchb.f.) Luer. It is easily dis-

tinguished from the latter by the smaller habit, and an oblong lip without lateral

lobes.

Sarcinula leptantha (Schltr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis alas Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: il 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek leptanthos, “thin, slender nae referring to the flow

Syn.: Specklinia a (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 261, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-17 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, ae sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-6 cm long including the petiole 0.5-1

cm long, 0.7-1.1 cm wide, ae cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a lax, successively few-

flowered raceme ca. 5 cm long including the slender peduncle 2.5-3 cm long, produced laterally from the

216 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 5-6 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals deep yellow,

striped i in orange, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, concave, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm

lucent, obovate, oblique, acute, 2.25 mm long, | mm wide, the lower margin dilated; lip orange, oblong-

trilobed, 3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1.2 mm wide across lobes expanded, cellular-glandular above the

middle with the apex rounded, denticulate, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, rounded, the disc

shallowly sulcate between a parallel pair of verrucose calli along the middle third, the base truncate,

hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, longitudinally winged, 1.75 mm long, with a pair of

apical teeth, the foot 1 mm long, the anther hooded, the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Santa Marta, 1898-1899, H.H. Smith 2554 (Holotype of P. leptantha pre-

sumably destroyed at B; Lectotype here designated: K, isolectotypes: AMES, CM, NY, US), C. Luer

illustr. 17311; Sierra Madre de Santa Marta, Pueblo Bello, alt. 4,000 ft., 15 Apr. 1946, M.B. Foster & EB.

Smith 1488 (AMES), C. Luer illustr. 19278.

This species is apparently endemic in the Sierra Madre de Santa Marta in north-

ernmost Colombia. The small, caespitose plant is similar to that of many others

[e.g. Sarcinula brighamii (S.Watson) Luer]. The flowers are borne in a loose, few-

flowered raceme, an exception in the genus, the flowers being about five millimet-

ers apart. The sepals are acute, the laterals connate either a little above or below the

middle; the petals are acute with the lower margin dilated; the lip is verrucose above

the middle and lobed below the middle with verrucose calli on the middle third.

Sarcinula psichion (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis psichion Luer, renee ae 7 89, 1996.

Ety.: From the Greek psichion, ‘‘a tiny bit or crumb,”’ referring to the insignificant plant.

Syn.: Specklinia psichion (Luer) Luer, bien Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

lant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots proportionately thick. Ramicauls short, erect, 6-10 mm

long, enclosed by a loose tubular sheaths, and another sheath at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

linear-oblong, convolute, acute, subpetiolate, 2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below to the

ae Inflorescence a fascicle of single-flowered pedicels, 7-14 mm long, borne from a peduncle 1-2

m long, from the ramicaul within the sheath; floral bracts 3-4 mm long; ovary 4-7 mm long; flowers

ce to be dull orange; sepals subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate-triangular, acute, 7.5 mm

long, 3 mm wide, gue the lateral sepals narrowly ovate-triangular, oblique, acute, connate 2 mm to

below the middle, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm wide together, 6-veined; petals membranous, obovate, oblique,

acute, 3 mm long, 1.4 mm eae with the labellar margin dilated; lip fleshy, oblong, arcuate, 3.5 m

long, 0.8 mm wide, longitudinally channeled with the sides of the lip more or less erect and thickened

below the middle, the base decurved, hinged to the column-foot; column thick, semiterete, denticulate at

the apex, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, the anther on stigma hooded and ventral.

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Chitaria, sent to L.O. Williams by C.H. Lankester s.n. (Holotype: SEL).

VENEZUELA: sine loc., cultivated in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, by P. Oversteegen s.n., 24 July

1998, C. Luer 18867 (MO).

About 50 years ago, a specimen of this species was sent from Costa Rica by

Charles Lankester to Louis Williams. In the accompanying undated letter he stated,

‘flowers closed up, are dull orange like many other little doodads.’’ It is known

from no other Central American collection, but a plant reportedly from Venezuela

without collection data and cultivated by Pieter Oversteegen in the Netherlands,

appears to be the same species.

The plants are distinguished by small, slender, thick leaves borne by abbreviated

ramicauls that are concealed by loose sheaths. The roots are proportionately thick

for the size of the plant. The flowers are produced successively on single-flowered,

elongated pedicels from a very short peduncle arising from the ramicaul within the

sheath. The only flowers present on Lankester’s specimen were already in past

prime condition, as was noted by him. Nevertheless, they were in reasonably good

condition for hydration and dissection, although the column was swollen. The

sepals are acute; the petals two-veined are ventricose; and the oblong lip is arcuate,

channeled and more or less conduplicate below the middle.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE og

Sarcinula ee (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis purpurella Luer, Monogr. Syst t. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 176, 1999.

Ety.: an the Latin purpurellus, ‘‘purple, small,’’ referring to the flow

Syn.: in purpurella (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 mm long,

enclosed - 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 15-30 mm long

including a pet tiole ca, 5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base.

Inflorescence a congested fascicle of single, successive flowers, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 20-

35 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricating, 2 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm

long; sepals membranous, purple, subcarinate, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, subacute, 2.6 mm long,

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate above the middle into an elliptical, bifid lamina, 2.6 mm

ong, |

sade fine ate, with a minute lobule at each corner, hinged to the column-foot; column slender, 1.25

m long, narrowly longitudinally winged, bidentate at the apex, the foot 1 mm long without calli, the

aitiee and stigma ventral.

OLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Rio Dagua, 20 Sept. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 1043 (Holotype: K), C. Luer

illustr. 16395.

This small species, known from only the type-collection by Lehmann in the

nineteenth century, is apparently limited in distribution to the western slopes of the

Western Cordillera of Colombia. It is one of many species related to Sarcinula

brighamii (S.Watson) Luer, but it is distinguished from the latter by the small habit;

very small, purple flowers; an unguiculate lip; and a column-foot devoid of calli.

Sarcinula scolopax (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis scolopax Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 7 er 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin scolopax, ‘‘a snipe, a small, long-beaked waterbird,”’ in allusion to the ap-

pearance of the flower

Syn.: Specklinia scolopax (Luer & R.Escobar) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, pence 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, abbreviated, 5-15 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical- eens subacute, 3-7

cm long, 7-11 mm wide, gradually narrowed below to the indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a

long, 3.5 mm wide expanded, 6-veined; petals ovate, oblique, acute, 2.25 mm long, | mm wide, the

labellar margin dilated, suffused with red-brown on orange with 2 purple veins; lip red-brown, cellular-

glandular, oblong, 2.2 mm long, O.75 mm wide, the sides sone angled below the middle, the apex

rounded, the truncate base hinged to the column-foot, with a pair of basal lobules, the disc with a parallel

pair of slightly irregular calli ending at the lateral ao column green, 2 mm long, with a pair of broad,

serrulate wings, the foot with a pair of tuberositie

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Munic. of Bahia Solano, Mecana arriba, alt. 300 m, collected by G. Misas et al.,

1975, cultivated by Luis Carlos Vieira in Medellin, cult. 7 April 1975, R. Escobar 1518 (Holotype:

JAUM); flowered 15 Oct. 1977, C.Luer 2036 (Clonotype: SEL); sine loc. cultivated at

Colomborquideas, 25 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13308.

This species is distinguished by the tuft of narrowly obovate leaves and a slight-

ly shorter peduncle that bears in succession a narrowly bilabiate flower. The

raceme is a very congested, secund raceme that is practically fasciculate. The dorsal

sepal and synsepal are long, narrow, and striped in purple. The petals are dilated on

the lower margin. The lip is small, oblong, obtusely angled on the margins below

the middle, and the base is bilobulate.

218 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sarcinula seerran nia (Rendle) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis simmleriana Rendle, J. Bot. 38: 274, 1900.

Ely: cd by request for the gardener, M. Paul Simmler, under whose care this species flowered.

Syn.: Pleurothallis periodica Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 21, 1924

Ety.: From the Latin periodicus, “periodic,” referring to the successively flowered inflorescence.

Syn.: Specklinia periodica (Rendle) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia simmleriana (Rendle) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-4 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 2-5 cm long including an

indistinct petiole ca. 5 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base.

Inflorescence a single flower produced successively in a congested fascicle, borne by a slender peduncle

4-6 cm long; pedicels 5-7 mm long; floral bracts thin, imbricating, 3-4 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long;

sepals membranous, glabrous, low-carinate, yellow with purplish veins, the dorsal sepal oblong, acute,

concave below the middle, with the sides more or less revolute above the middle, 7-8.5 mm long, 2-2.5

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, acute, with the sides revolute above the middle, 7-8 mm

long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate below the middle; petals translucent with purple veins, obovate,

oblique, acute, 3-4 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the labellar margin slightly dilated; lip purple,

fleshy, oblong, 3.25-4.5 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, with low, obtuse, marginal angles between the

middle and basal thirds, the ae obtuse to rounded with the margins minutely denticulate-erose, the disc

shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, parallel calli along the middle two-thirds, glandular- -cellular, the

COSTA RICA: sine loc., flowered in cultivation by M.W. Barbey at Chamblésy, near Geneva, Apr.

1900, A. Tonduz s.n. (Holotype: G; Isotype: BM). Cartago: Peralta, alt. 1,000 ft., 13 July 1923, C.H.

Lankester 463 (holotype of P. periodica: AMES); Reventazén, near sea level, Oct. 1924, C.H. Lankester

963 (AMES); vicinity of Pejivalle, alt. 900 m, 7-8 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 46942, 46960,

46964, 47027, 47101, 47210 (AMES); Rio Reventazon, near Turrialba, alt. 400 m, 20 June 1949, R.W.

Holm & H.H. Iltis 43 (AMES). Puntarenas: road to Monteverde TV tower, alt. 1650 m, 20 Mar. 1995,

C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & W. Rhodehamel 17437 (MO). Heredia: La Selva, Sarapiqui region, alt.

150 m, 31 Aug. 1961, C. Weber 6133 (AMES). Alajuela: Sarapiqui, Parqué Nac. Braulio Carrillo, Est.

Magsasay, alt. 150 m, 19 Oct. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 612 (AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL).

Limon: Rio Reventazén below Cairo, Finca Hamburg, alt. 55 m, 19 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J.

Valerio 48721, 48856 oe Rio Madre de Dios on Waldeck Farm, 7 Apr. 1930, C.W. Dodge & F-

Nevermann 7335 (AM

HONDURAS: naan ‘Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, alt. 20-600 m, 6 Dec. 1927, P.C. Standley 52989,

53209, 53375, 53861, 54823, 56561 (AMES). Cortes: Rio Lindo, alt. 2,200 ft., 13 Sept. 1933, J.B

Edwards 549 (AMES); ae Cruz de Yojoa, alt. 2,000 ft., 5 Nov. 1933, J.B. Edwards 581 (AMES).

Comayagua: Pito Solo, Lake Yojoa, alt. 2,000 ft., 30 Aug. 1932, J.B. Edwards 105a (AMES); Cerro El

Tigre, alt. 5,000 ft., collected by Matthews, flowered in cultivation Jan. 1975, C. Luer 285 (SEL).

NAMA: Bocas del Toro: 29 July 1940, H. Wedel 185 (AMES, MO).

COLOMBIA: Chocé: Bahia Solano, Pueblo Rico, Morroto Taiba, flowered in cultivation by M. & O.

Robledo at La Ceja, 7 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1942 (SEL).

This species was described from a plant collected in Costa Rica by Tonduz and

cultivated by M.W. Barbey at Chamblésy, near Geneva, in 1900. Ames made an

illustration from an isotype at BM, in Nov. 1922, two years before he described

Pleurothallis periodica [=Sarcinula simmleriana (Rendle) Luer]. It is no doubt

conspecific with P. periodica, which was described much later by Ames. It is

characterized by the small, caespitose habit with narrow leaves surpassed by a

slender peduncle that bears a fascicle of peduncles at the summit. The distinctive

sepals are acute and prominently striped with dark purple. The sides of the laterals

recurve above the lower third. The petals are acute and similarly striped. The lip is

oblong with longitudinal, verrucose calli, and with the obtuse apex denticulate.

Dried herbarium specimens can be easily confused with Sarcinula brighamii

(S.Watson) (Luer). Therefore, some of the collections cited could be either of the

two species.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 219

Sarcinula striata (H.Focke) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis striata H.Focke, Tijdschr. We are Wetensch. 4: 63, 1851.

Ety.: From the Latin striatus, ‘“‘striated,” referring to the striped sepals.

Syn.: Specklinia striata (H.Focke) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264, 2004.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-7 mm long, enclosed

by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 2-4 cm long including an

indistinct petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade 0.5-1 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence a congested raceme of successive flowers, borne by a aed peduncle, 3-4.5 cm

long, from the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, thin, tubular, acuminate, 2-4 mm long; pedicels 3-6

_~mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, low-carinate, yellow to orange or tan,

usually with darker orange, purple or red stripes, the dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute to subacute, con

cave, 6-7 mm long, 2-2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, shortly bifid

synsepal with acute apices, 5.5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 6-veined; petals translucent light yellow with

red veins, obovate, acute, oblique, dilated on the labellar margin, 3-3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined;

lip orange, sometimes suffused in red, fleshy, microscopically spiculate, oblong, 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm

wide, with obtuse, marginal angles between the middle and basal thirds, the apex rounded with the

margins minutely denticulate-erose, the disc shallowly sulcate between a pair of low, minutely denticu-

tate. parallel calli above the middle, the base truncate, minutely bilobulate, hinged to the column-foot;

column slender, 2-2.75 mm long, longitudinally winged, bidentate at the apex, the foot ca. | mm long,

the anther and stigma ventral.

SURINAME: Paramaribo, Mar. 1850, H.C. Focke 77 (Holotype: W); near Paramaribo, Sept. 1844, Kegel

627 (BR, W); Paramaribo, 15 Nov. 1852, colored illustration by H.C. Focke s.n. (K); Paramaribo,

Wullschlaegel 1587 (BR, W); Beaufort, 1849, Wullschlaegel 1081 (M, W);

YANA: 1898, E.F. im Thurn 34 (K); Arawak Matope Falls, Oct. 1904, A .W. Bartlett 8399 (K);

Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek near Bartica, alt. near sea level, 15 Oct. 1929, N.Y. Sandwith 461 (K);

between Mazaruni Station and Labbakabra Creek, 27 Aug. 1937, N.Y. Sandwith 1224 (K).

FRENCH GUIANA: Piste St. Elie, Km. 15, alt. 100 m, 13 May 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Barthelemy

12255 (MO); Barrage de Petit Saut, Bassin du Sinnmary, alt. 50 m, 21 June 1994, G. Cremers 13321

Se Chiriqui: Fortuna dam site, flowered in cultivation at SEL, 1977, C. Luer 1389 (SEL). tia

del Toro: collected by E. Olmos, cultivated at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, Nov. 1998, C. Lue

orem Cauca: collected near Popayan, flowered in cultivation in Popayén by Amalia Lehmann

de Sarria, 25 July 1978, C. Luer 3007 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, flowered in cultivation by Ecuagenera, 11 Jan.

2004, A. Hirtz 8662 (MO).

This species was first collected in Suriname and accurately illustrated and de-

scribed by Focke in 1844. In his Folia Orchidacea of 1859, Lindley recognized

Pleurothallis striata [=Sarcinula striata (H.Focke) Luer] as distinct from P. cornic-

ulata [=S. corniculata (Sw.) Luer]. Sarcinula striata is widely distributed across

northern South America and into Panama. It is characterized by narrow leaves

surpassed by a slender peduncle that bears a fascicle of successive flowers. The

sepals are usually orange and striped with darker orange or red; the petals are dilat-

ed on the labellar margin; and the minutely spiculate lip is oblong with low, obtuse

marginal angles on the lower third. It is commonly confused with S. corniculata

which is most easily distinguished by the long-pedicellate, one or occasionally two-

flowered inflorescence.

220

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 155. Sarcinula acicularis Fig. 156. Sarcinula acrisepala

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM | “221

Fig. 159. Sarcinula barbae Fig. 160. Sarcinula brighamella

Zoe

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 163. Sarcinula chontalensis Fig. 164

. Sarcinula condylata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

223

5 mm

Fig. 167. Sarcinula cycesis

PES,

Se,

ne DOA LITE ETO BS BRAN

Seta reno c tera rR

\ nnannagesnsae

careers

Cetmenneenrn te

oman ise RV eS

et rene Re SEERA TAREE

Suleman aieto

ee orange ests SEAMEN SPE

eA TOE eg,

cane

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ena

. 168. Sarcinula displosa

224

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 171. Sarcinula glandulosa Fig. 172. Sarcinula gunacastensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 225

Fig. 173. Sarcinula leptantha

geo

a esemprton

Ser MAR URS PATENTS ase reat ed rR Bewrcororoee “Lees

ccm ae temas Beet

on | ERAT MOWERS IES

Sv aren eA Een NORA RANI ESA ta casung pane ao OCT

HERE ROTH CRISIS ganar ey ease stare

ate?

Pete A: *%

ECMO n> EERE

STO ate Ss ek ORE OCR Saree:

ne ire

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Arner:

re eee BOE TAO DS ROT ancrectiam trance acngmggy

Tee cuenta e582 SCENE IEE ERATE ATTN oes cee LIE

am Ace OR NA ERNIE DPR eG AA ANAT

cavemen

ae einen ateamatac ere a Dene ee Aret Ee

7 Rn eaten cenaniey 7 “4 si

15 ee ape eae ermat oe

Toven So eppiny enmenean

Fig. 175. Sarcinula purpurella Fig. 176. Sarcinula scolopax

226

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

i.e

Ree MY,

: i a

Bre

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anti geo

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ere

ear a

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Fig. 177. Sarcinula simmleriana

_- omm

Fig. 178. Sarcinula striata

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 221

SYLPHIA

Sylphia Luer, gen. n

Ety.

: From the new ce - pies ‘graceful nymphs,”’ referring to a mystical relationship.

Type: Pleurothallis ibe Luer, Lindleyana 6: 105, 1991.

Ovarium papillosum vel spiculatum. Sepala longicaudata. Petala labellumque integra.

This genus of four tiny, tufted species is characterized by long-attenuate,

caudate sepals with the laterals free from below the middle; entire petals and lip;

and more or less papillose or spiculate ovaries. However, in one species, Sylphia

cabellensis, the ovary is smooth.

Species attributed to Sylphia

Sylphia cabellensis (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 179

Sylphia cactantha (Luer) Luer Fig. 180.

Sylphia fuegii (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig 18la, 181b.

Fig. 182.

Sylphia turrialbae (Luer) Luer.

ee Salar a (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. no

allis cabellensis Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 232, 1849.

on sate for Mt. Cabello where the species was collected.

oe Humboldtia cabellensis (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis fritzii Carnevali & G.A.Romero, a Venez. ed. 2, 1142, 2000.

Ety.: Named for William Fritz who cultivated this speci

Syn.: Specklinia cabellensis (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & eae Lindleyana 16: 256, 2001.

ant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-19 mm long, enclosed

by 2 cy ribbed, tubular sheaths. af erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 10-18

ide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. In-

-flowered raceme, 5-11 cm long, including the slender

peduncle 1.5- 2 cm long, emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 5-9 mm

m long; sepals yellow-green, mottled and suffused with purple, glabrous,

mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex subacute, contracted into

mm, 3.5 mm wide to-

ong; ovary winged, 1.75 m

subcarinate, the dorsal sepal oblong, 5 m

a yellow tail 5 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 4 mm long, connate 1.5

gether, the apices subacute, contracted into tails 5-6 mm long; petals yellow, spotted with red, cuneate-

obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; lip suffused with purple, oblong, 2.75-3 mm

long, 1.25 mm wide, the apex rounded, verrucose, the disc concave between erect, broadly rounded sides

below the middle, the base hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete with narrow, marginal wings,

toothed at the apex, 2.25 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with the anther and the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Carabobo: Mt, Cabello, alt. 4,500 ft., May 1846, Funk & L. Schlim 578 (Holotype: W);

Dist. Fed.: between Colonia Tovar-Junquito road and Hda. El Lim6n, alt. 1300-1500 m, 12 Oct. 1965,

J.A. Steyermark 94395 (AMES, VEN). Aragua: Parqué Nacional Henri Pittier, Rancho Grande, alt.

1300 m, 18 July 1993, G. Carnevali et al. 3260 (holotype of P. fritzii: VEN; isotypes: AMES, CICY,

MO). Sine loc., cultivated by B. Wiirstle in Spielberg, Germany, 10 Sept. 1981, C. Luer 6485 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: “New Grenada,”’ 1852, alt. 5,000-6,000 ft., L. Schlim 1021] (W).

This species is infrequent in western Venezuela and eastern Colombia. It is

characterized by the small, caespitose habit and a long, loose, flexuous, successive-

ly flowered raceme with long pedicels. The tails of the purple-suffused sepals are

often shorter than the blades as in the illustration by Dunsterville in Venezuelan

Orchids Illustrated, about as long as the blades as illustrated here, or longer than the

blades, as in the collection described as Pleurothallis fritzii Carnevali & G.A.

Romero. The petals are cuneate and obtuse. The oblong lip is concave below the

middle between erect, rounded margins, and the apex is verrucose and rounded.

228 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

se cactantha (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

. Pleurothallis cactantha Luer, Selbyana 3: 72, 1976.

a From the Greek cactantha, ‘‘cactus-flower,”’ referring to the spiculate sepals.

Syn.: Specklinia cactantha (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257, 2001.

t very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4 mm long,

enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf dark green to blue-green, erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute

to obtuse, marginate, 7-11 mm long including an indistinct petiole ca. 1 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, cuneate

below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a congested, few- flowered fascicle of single, successive

flowers, borne by a slender, suberect, sparsely spiculate peduncle, 13-20 mm long; pedicels sparsely

muricate, 2-3 mm long; floral bracts thin, tubular, imbricating, 1.5-2 mm long; ovary echinate, 0.5-0.75

mm long; sepals membranous, translucent white, more or less suffused with rose, carinate-spiculate

externally, glabrous within, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, long-acuminate, 10-11 mm long, 1.75-3 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, connate to near the middle, acute, long-acu-

minate, 10-11 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide together; petals translucent pale green, suffused with rose cen-

trally, cuneiform, glabrous, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse, truncate-retuse, sometimes

with a minute apiculum in the sinus; lip red, fleshy, oblong-ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, the

apex rounded, microscopically erose, with the margins erect below the middle, the disc shallowly sulcate

1.5 mm long, with a pair of minute calli in the Colombian collection, the anther and stigma ventral.

PANAMA: Panama: along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m, 4 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Juer, P. Taylor

& R.L. Dressler 743 (Holotype: SEL); Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 19 Aug. 1967, R.L. Dressler 3027 (SEL);

La Eneida, Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 9 June 1971, R.L. Dressler 4029 (SEL). Coclé: El Valle, collected by

A. Maduro, cultivated at Finca Dracula, 18 Nov. 1998, C. Luer 18993 (M

COLOMBIA: Risaralda: Pueblo Rico, along new road to TV antenna south of Pueblo Rico, alt. 1630 m,

14 May 1993, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. DeWilde 16845 (MO).

This little species is found in Eastern Panama and the Western Cordillera of

Colombia. It is characterized by the tiny tuft of elliptical leaves, and a sparsely

spiculate peduncle that bears a successively flowered, congested inflorescence

beyond the leaves. The ovary is spiculate-verrucose; the sepals are spiculate and

long-acuminate; and the petals and the lip are entire. A microscopic pair of calli are

present on the column-foot of the Colombian collection.

ee ee (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

: rothallis fuegii Rchb.f., Beitr. oe coe Amer. 97, 1866.

ee na for Volcan Fuego where the species are first collected.

Syn.: Pleurothallis fuegii var. echinata L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. ih 33: 120, 1946.

Ety.: From the Latin echinatus, “spiny like a hedgehog,” ae to the ov

Syn.: Pleurothallis hagsateri Luer, Orquidea, Mex., 6: 168, 1977.

Ety.: Named for Eric Hagsater, indefatigable investigtor of deen who collected this species.

Syn.: Anathallis fuegii (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Specklinia echinata (L.O.Williams) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icon. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6, 2003.

Syn.: Specklinia fuegii (Rchb.f.) Solano & Soto Arena, Icon. Orchid. (Mex.) 5-6: x-xi, 2003.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-8 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin,

tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, petiolate, subacute to obtuse, 8-25 mm long

including an ill-defined petiole 3-10 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the base.

Inflorescence an erect, more or less arching, loose, secund to distichous, successively flowered raceme,

up to 7 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique,

sepal; petals translucent yellow-white, lightly suffused with rose, obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex,

1.5-2 mm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow-green, more or less suffused with red, oblong-

subtrilobed, rounded at the apex, 2-2.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the sides erect and broadly rounded,

more or less contracted into a broad, truncate base, the disc shallowly concave between marginal calli on

the middle third, the base hinged to the column-foot; column broadly winged above the middle, dentate

at the apex, 0.5-1.75 mm long, the foot equally long, the anther and stigma ventral.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 229

GUATEMALA: Sacatepéquez: Volcan de Fuego, 20 Jan 1857, H. Wendland 294 (Holotype: W);

Coban: Chicayo near Coban, alt. 4,400 ft., Dec. 1877, H. von Tiirckheim s.n. (W); near Petet, = a

ft., Nov. 1877, H. von Tiirckheim s.n. (AMES, W); San Marcos: above Barranco Eminencia, alt.

m, 14 Mar. 1939, P.-C. Standley 68521] (K); sine loc., collected and cultivated in Guatemala, U i.

1981, M. Dix, s.n. (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 5840

MEXICO: Veracruz: sine loc., received from Eric Hagsater 2 June 1976, flowered in cultivation at SEL,

19 Nov. 1976, C. Luer 048 (holotype of P. hagsateri: SEL).

HONDURAS: Comayagua: near summit above El Achote, above plains of Siguatepec, alt. 1800 m, 21

July 1936, 7-G. Yuncker et al. 6032 (K, MO). La Paz: Montafia Verde, Cordillera Giiajiquiro, alt. 1900

m, 23 Mar. 1969, A.R. Molina 24397 (MO). Gracias a Dios; Tuas, Brus Laguna, 17-27 Apr. 1971, C.

Nelson & M. Hernandez 1006 (TEFH, MO). Ocotepeque: Belén Gualch, road to Cucuyagua, alt. 1870

m, 24 June 1994, G. Dividse et al. 35359 (MO).

SAN SALVADOR: between Perquin and Sabanetas, alt. 1900-2000 m, F Hamer 163; Cayacuanca near

Ignacio, alt. 1820 m, 21 Sept. 1962, S. Winkler 024 (MO).

NICARAGUA: Zeylaya: Cafio Costa Riquita, alt. 130-180 m, D. Stevens 5063 (MO). Jinotega: Sta.

Maria de Ostumas, alt. 1230 m, A.H. Heller 319] (illustr. at SEL): Montafia La Galia, alt. 1350 m, A.H.

Heller 10583 (illustr. at SEL).

NAMA: Chiriquf: Volcan, alt. 9,000 ft., 15 July 1938, M.E. Davidson 981 (holotype of var. echinata:

MES). Coclé: El Valle del Anton, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected by C. Luer & H. Butcher, flowered in

cultivation by H.H. Morgan in Sarasota, FL, 28 Mar. 1978, C. Luer 29/72 (SEL)

This little species is variable in its wide distribution through Central America.

The crude figure of the type published by Reichenbach is erroneous with ramicauls

as long as the leaves, and proportionately exceedingly small flowers. Sylphia fuegii

(Rchb.f.) Luer is characterized by small leaves borne in a tuft by abbreviated rami-

cauls. The loose, successively flowered raceme of pale, greenish flowers far sur-

passes the leaves. The apices of the sepals are contracted into short, slender, but

sometimes thickened tails; the petals are small and obtuse; and the margins of the

lip are erect and rounded above the lower third above a broad claw. The ovary is

costate with the carinae varying from smooth, slightly irregular, coarsely irregular,

to distinctly verrucose. It was described as a variety by L.O. Williams. A collec-

tion from Mexico by Hagsater, described as Pleurothallis hagsateri Luer, differs

from the usual Sylphia fuegii by smaller flowers with shorter, thick sepaline tails.

Sylphia turrialbae (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis turrialbae Luer, Lindleyana 6: 105, 1

Ety.: Named for Volcan Turrialba where this species was discovered.

Syn.: Specklinia turrialbae (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264, 2004.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender but comparatively thick. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, obovate, obtuse, pe-

tiolate, 10-14 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm wide, cuneate below into a slender petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflores-

cence a single flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 8-12 mm long, emerging laterally from the

ramicaul; floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel 0.75 mm long with a filament 0.75 mm long; ovary echinate,

0.5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, glabrous, with the dorsal sepal elliptical, concave, 4.5 mm long,

2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex subacute, contracted into a filiform tail 6 mm long, with the lateral

sepals connate 3 mm into an oblong lamina ca. 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with the apices acute, acuminate

into filiform tails ca. 5 mm long; petals translucent yellow, obovate with the labellar margin dilated, 2

the margins above the middle, with the rounded base hinged to the column-foot; column longitudinally

winged in the distal three fourths, 1 mm long, with the apex minutely denticulate, i foot 1.5 mm long,

with the anther dorsal and the stigma apical.

COSTA ear eae a : ee forest on Volcan Turrialba, alt. 2000 m, 17 Mar, 1986, C.

Luer, J. Lue a & D. Dod 12093 (Holotype: MO). San José: Parqué Nac. Braulio Carrillo,

Vasquez de Cane en Zurqui, i fee 1750 m, 29 Oct. 1990, S. ae ram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 652

(AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL).

This tiny, caespitose species is rare and endemic in Costa Rica. It is distin-

guished by narrowly elliptical leaves less than two centimeters long borne by rami-

230 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

cauls less than five millimeters long. The peduncle is single-flowered, and about as

long as the leaf. The ovary is densely long-papillose, with papillae extending

forward onto the sepals. The concave dorsal sepal is as broad as the lateral sepals

combined, and all three sepals are long-caudate. The petals are obliquely obtuse

and single-veined. The lip is elliptical and shallowly channeled centrally between

low, intramarginal calli.

TRIBULAGO

Tribulago Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 265, 2004.

Type: Epidendrum tribuloides Sw., Prodr. 123, 1788

Ety.: From the Latin oo ‘thorny,”’ and the suffix ‘*-ago,”’ indicating resemblance, referring

to the ovary and capsu

Syn.: Pleurothallis ie Specklinia sect. TribuloidesLuer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 20: 91, 1986.

This genus with two species is distinguished by abbreviated ramicauls and

peduncles; fleshy, brick red, verrucose sepals; a short, broad, papillose or verrucose

ovary; and a longitudinally winged column with a ventral anther.

Tribulago blancoi (Pupulin) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis blancoi Pupulin, Caesiana 15: 1, 2000.

Ety.: Named for Mario Blanco, collector of the species.

Syn.: Specklinia bl (Pupulin) Soto Arenas & Solano, Ic. Orch. (Mex.) 5-6, t. 669, 2003.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 7-10 mm long, enclosed by

2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, fleshy-coriaceous, narrowly linear-elliptical,

narrowly obtuse, 5-8 cm long including the petiole, 0.6-0.8 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the

slender petiole 1.5-2 cm long. Inflorescence a single flower, peduncles ca. 1 mm long, borne laterally

from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, infundibular, 8 mm long; pedicels 6 mm long, verrucose toward the

ovary; ovary densely papillose, 0.8-1 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; sepals fleshy, orange-brick red, rigid,

subverrucose externally, papillose-verrucose within above the middle, the dorsal sepal oblong-pandurate,

obtuse, 5-8 mm long, 1.8-3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an oblong-pandurate

lamina, 4.5-6 mm long, shortly bifid at the rounded apex, 3.5-4.2 mm wide, 6 veined; petals fleshy along

the center externally, obovate, slightly oblique, obtuse, 2.8-3.25 mm long, 1.1-1.8 mm wide, 2-veined;

lip elas oblong, with the margins slightly dilated near the middle, cellular-papillose, 2.7-3 mm long,

.8-1.2 mm wide, the apex cee decurved, the disc shallowly channeled with transverse, cellular

lamellae, fe base subtrunca e, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, longitudinally

winged, bidentate at the apex, 9. 25. 8 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 1-1.5

m long.

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Monteverde, Finca San Cerardo, alt. 1300 m, collected by M. Blanco, 23

Jan. 1999, flowered in cultivation at the Lankester Botanical Garden, 27 June 2000, F: Pupulin 2434

ae USJ; Isotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 20947.

MEXICO: Veracruz: Purpus 7835 (AMES). Chiapas: Miranda 6349 (MEXU).

Rare and found only in a few distant localities, two in Mexico and one in Costa

Rica, this species with little, brick red flowers borne at the base of narrow leaves is

similar to the common, widely distributed Tribulago tribuloides (Sw.) Luer. Both

species are characterized by a cluster of narrow leaves borne by abbreviated rami-

cauls, and short-pedunculate, brick red flowers. The sepals of T: blancoi are re-

markably verrucose and obtuse; the petals are obovate and thickened externally; and

the lip is oblong with transverse, cellular rugae or lamellae (gill-like). A short,

broad, densely papillose ovary is extremely similar to that of T: tribuloides.

Illustration: Fig. 183 herein, C. Luer illustr. 20947.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 231

Tribulago tribuloides (Sw.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 265,

2004.

Bas.: Epidendrum tribuloides Sw., Prodr. 123, 1788.

Ety.: Named for the genus Tribulus, a tree in ee the hecui family, oe to the

thorny fruit. From the Latin tribulus, a 4-pr impede cavalry, tribu-

losus, “‘thorny,”’ referring to the prickly i.

Syn.: Dendrobium tribuloides (Sw.) Sw., Nov. Act. Upsal. 6: 83, 1799.

Syn.: Cymbidium tribuloides (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 721, 1826.

Syn.: Pleurothallis tribuloides (Sw.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 6, 1830.

Syn.: Pleurothallis spathulata A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3. 3:17, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin spathulatus, ‘‘spathulate,” referring to the leaves

Syn.: Pleurothallis s fallax Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 224, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin fa i “‘deceptive,”’ in allusion to the appearance similar to P. tribuloides.

Syn.: Cryptophoranthus acaulis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 232, 1925.

Ety.: From the Latin acaulis, “‘stemless,”’ referring to the abbreviated ramicauls.

Syn.: Specklinia tribuloides (Sw.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by

2-3 short, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to narrowly obtuse,

3-7 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an abbre-

pedicels 5 mm long; ovary densely papillose, 0.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; sepals fleshy, red-orange to

brick red, subcarinate, glabrous to sparsely verrucose externally, verrucose within, the dorsal sepal

oblong, acute, 7-9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, with the tip in apposition to the tip of the synsepal,

the lateral sepals connate into an oblong-ovate lamina, 7-9.5 mm long, 3-3.75 mm wide, concave above

the middle with the tip acute, curved up to meet the tip of the ai sepal; petals red-brown, ovate,

oblique, subacute, cellular-papillose within, 3-3.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip fleshy, oblong,

2.75-3 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, the apex rounded and feu the disc shallowly channeled

between a pair of low, longitudinal, cellular- -rugose calli, the base thickened, subtruncate, hinged to the

tip of the column-foot; column longitudinally winged, bidentate at the apex, 2-2.5 mm long, the anther,

rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm lon

Representative collection

JAMAICA: O. Swartz s.n. sions of Epidendrum tribuloides: S; Isotypes: BM, C, W); without locali-

ty, 1857, Mr. Wilson 156 (K); without collection data, Purdie s.n. (K). Beaufort, Wullschlaegel 1080

(W); moist woods, Nov. 1885, D. Morris 2402 (K); Mount Airy, alt. 2,000 ft., 20 Oct. 1898, W. Harris

7546 (BM, K, NY); Maybes River, alt. 2,000 ft., 25 July 1903, G.E. Nichols 141 (AMES, K, NY); west

of Port Antonio, 21 Feb. 1906, A.E. Wight 108 (AMES, BR); near Troy, 13-18 Sept. 1906, N.L. Britton

485 (AMES, NY); slopes of John Crow Peak, alt. 200 ft., W. Fawcett (BM). Trelawny: Windsor Estate,

alt. 400 ft., 19 Aug. 1956, G.R. Proctor 1561] (AMES, IJ); northwest of Troy, alt. 640 m, 10 Nov. 1985,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup 11471 (MO).

CUBA: Oriente: 1856-57, C. Wright 663 (BR, HAC, K, NY, W); Oriente: near Monte Verde, Jan.-July 1859,

C. Wright 663 (K, NY, W); 1860-64, C. Wright 663 (BM); Monte Verde, alt. 660 m, 13 Feb. 1911, JA.

Schafer 8697 (AMES, K, NY); Sierra Maestra, trail between Magdalena Sierra Maestra, Sevilla Estate,

alt. 2,200 ft. 16 Sept. 1906, N. Taylor 417 (NY); La Perla, 15 Feb. 1911, J.A. Schafer 8808 (AMES, NY).

Pinar del Rio: Sierra de Los Organos, alt. 400-500 m, 18 Nov. 1941, C.V. Morton 4308 (AMES, K, NY,

US). Santa Clara: Pitajonesto Ciegos de Ponciano, 20 Feb. 1912, J.A. Schafer 12257 (NY); Trinidad

Mountains, Hanabanilla Falls, 1 Mar. 1910, N.L. Britton 4864 (NY); south of Cumanayagua, 5 July

1953, R.L. Dressler 1314 (US). Santiago de Cuba: Santa Maria de Loreta, 20 May 1959, M. Lépez F-

3025 (HAC). Holguin: Moa, Salto de Guayabo, alt. 350 m, 27 Nov. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Diaz & J.

Llamacho 18645 (MO). Las Villas: Sancti Spiritus, Alturas de Sancti Spiritus, alt. 500 m, 16 Nov. 1975,

A. Alvarez, J. Bisse, 15173 (JE).

HAITI: Riviere Glace, alt. 2,200 ft., 5 May 1944, J.T. Curtis 35 (AMES).

MEXICO: Jalapa: above Jalapa, alt. 4,000 ft., 1840, Galeotti 5181 (holotype of P. spathulata: W);

without locality, RE. Leibold 615 (holotype of P. fallax: W); F-E. Leibold 44, 45 (W); F-E. Leibold s.n.

(K); near Mirador, Feb. 1842, F. Liebmann 7320 (orchid nr. 526) (C); Ehrenberg & Lehmann 44 (W).

Cordoba: Apr. 1898, M.L. Kienast s.n. (K). Vera Cruz: Zacuapan, Mar. 1913, C.A. Purpus 2124

(BREM).

GUATEMALA: Izabal: La Vigia, between Bananera and Quirigua, M.W. Lewis 175 (AMES)

NICARAGUA: Granada: Volcan Mombacho, J. Atwood & D. Neill 7046 (F, MO). Zelaya: Rio Mico,

alt. 370 m, A. Heller 3572 (SEL).

232 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COSTA RICA: Cartago: A.S. Oersted s.n. (W); Irazi, alt. 6,000-7,000 ft., 1845-48, A.S. Oersted 7305 (C); Mina

Iglesias, Rio Barranca, alt. 3,000 ft., 1868, A. Endres 62 (holotype of Cryptophoranthus acaulis: W);

without locality, ca. 1867, A. Endres 44 (W); Los Cartagos, alt. 1900 m, Mar. 1974, F. G. Brieger s.n.

(K). Guanacaste: near Candelaria, alt. 1100 m, 29 June 1989, J.T. Atwood 89-249 (K, SEL).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: banks of Caldera River, alt. 1360 m, Powell 237 (AMES)

SURINAME: Beaufort, Wullschlaegel 1080 (W

This well-known species, without close relatives except for the rare. recently

discovered, Costa Rican Tribulago blancoi (Pupulin) Luer, is common and widely

distributed in Central America and the Greater Antilles. It is easily recognized by

the short racemes of brick red flowers produced at the bases of narrow, fleshy

leaves. The ovaries and the interior of the acute sepals are verrucose. The tip of the

dorsal sepal is in contact with the tip of the synsepal, as seen in Sarcinula alexii

(A.H.Heller) Luer, with lateral windows, but not connate as in species of Zoo-

trophion Luer. The petals are simple and obtuse, and the lip is oblong and cellular-

glandular with transverse, cellular (gill-like) lamellae down the center. The ovary is

short, broad, and densely spiculate-papillose, which gives a burr-like appearance to

the capsule.

Illustration: (Icones-III): 91, 1986, Plate 48, C. Luer 8110.

TRIDELTA

Tridelta Luer, gen. nov.

Type: Cryptophoranthus aurantiacus Dod., Moscosoa 1: 50, 1976.

Ety.: From the three initials of Donald D. Dod, who collected and d

Folia denticulata. Inflorescentia uniflora. Sepala synsepalumque semiconnata. ee alticarina-

tum. Columna profunde alata cum labello articulata.

The description of the only species will suffice for the genus.

Tridelta aurantiaca (Dod) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Cryptophoranthus aurantiacus Dod, Moscosca I: 50, 1976.

Ety.: From the Latin aurantiacus, “‘orange,”’ referring to the color of the flower.

Syn.: Pleurothallis Peel ae Dod, Moscosoa 1(3): 57, 1978, as P. spilo-porphureus.

Ety.: From the Greek spilos, ‘‘spot,’’ and porphyra, “‘purple,’’ hence purple-spotte

ei oo neibana Dod, Moscosoa 3: 101, 1984, as P. neibanus, replaced name for Crypto-

ranthus aurantiacus

Bly. ee d for the Sierra de Neiba where the species was collected.

Syn.: Acianthera neibana (Dod) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, eee 16: 245, 2001.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6 mm long, enclosed by

2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, with denticulate-

erose margins, subpetiolate, 10-25 mm long including a petiole 1-4 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, the base

cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower borne by a peduncle 1-5 mm long, laterally from

the ramicaul; floral bract oblique, acute, 3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long with a filament 2-3 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; sepals orange, glabrous, fleshy, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, concave, acute to

subacute, 6.5-7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, connate basally to the lateral sepals for 1-3

mm, the lateral sepals connate into a concave, ovoid, obtuse synsepal, 6-6.5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide

expanded; petals glabrous, oblong, acute, 3-4 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, 1-veined; lip thick, oblong,

2.9 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apex obtuse, disc channeled between a pair of tall, lamellae above the

middle, the base subtruncate with a slender, acute, retrorse process at the corners, hinged to the tip of the

column-foot; column with deep, triangular wings above the middle that fit to either side of the labellar

laminae, 2 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long; pollinia 2, naked.

‘1 ates

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Constanza: Hierba Buena, between Hondo Valle and Sierra de Neiba, alt.

1300 m, 18 May 1975, cultivated 10 Oct. 1975, D.D. Dod 500 (Holotype of Cryptophoranthus aurantia-

cus: SDM; Isotypes AMES, SEL), C. Luer illustr. 14804; Loma de Pena, el Corralito, alt. 1600 m, 15

Mar. 1977, cultivated 6 June 1977, D.D. Dod 622 (holotype of P. spiloporphyrea: SDM; Isotypes:

AMES, NY, SEL, US), C. Luer illustr. 18524; Loma cerca de Calimete, Hondo Valle, alt. 1600, 15 Nov.

1969, D.D. Dod 199 (AMES

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 233

First described as Cryptophoranthus aurantiacus Dod in 1976 by Donald Dod,

Dod transferred this species to Pleurothallis R.Br. in 1983 as P. neibanus Dod, the

epithet aurantiaca already being occupied by a Brazilian species. However, Dod

had described another collection of the same species in 1977 as Pleurothallis spilo-

porphyrea Dod [=Tridelta aurantiaca (Dod) Luer].

As with many other Hispaniolan taxa, the margins of the leaves of this species

are minutely denticulate. The short-stemmed flower is borne singly; the dorsal

sepal is deeply connate to a concave synsepal; the petals are narrowly oblong; and

the lip is bilamellate above the middle, the laminae fitting between broad, descend-

ing wings of the column from above. No close relative is known.

Illustration: Fig. 184 herein, C. Luer illustr. 14804.

XENOSIA

Xenosia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263, 2004.

Ety.: From the Greek xenion, ‘“‘a stranger,”’ referring to unfamiliar physical features.

Type: Pleurothallis xenion Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Orquideologia 16: 38, 1983.

Syn.: Pleurothallis subgen. Xenion Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 96, 1986.

This genus of two species is distinguished by a densely ascending habit with

bundles of short ramicauls; an elongated, winged column with a ventral anther and

stigma; and lip with a central cavity and a truncate base that is inflexibly attached to

the column-foot.

Xenosia macrorhiza (Lindl.) Luer, comb. no

Bas.: Pleurothallis macrorhiza Lindl. in Hook., J. a 1: 9, 1834.

Ety.: From the Greek macrorhiza, “‘with big rhizome,”’ referring to that structure.

Syn.: Pleurothallis rhizomatosa Schlitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beith. 8: 62, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek rhizomatosus, ‘‘with big roots,’ referring to the thick, fleshy roots.

Syn.: Pleurothallis macrorhiza Kraenzl., Engl. Jahrb. 26: 446, 1899, not Lindl.

Syn.: Xenosia spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 265, 2004.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, repent, the rhizomes 0.3-0.5 mm thick, 10-40 cm at 1-3 cm long

between cae roots descending, slender. Ramicauls stout, ascending- “erect, 1-3 cm long, enclosed

subpetiolate, 3-8 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, narrowed below into an ill-defined petiole ca. 0.5 cm long.

Inflorescence 1-3 loose, few-flowered racemes to 5 cm long, borne by a slender peduncle 1.5-3 cm long,

from the ramicaul below the apex; floral bract 3 mm long; pedicel 1.5-5 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long.

sepals yellow-orange, glabrous, the dorsal sepal elliptical-ovate, acute, 10-11 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate above the middle into a synsepal, 11-12 mm long, 6.5-7 mm wide, 4-

veined; petals translucent yellow-orange, obovate, broadly obtuse, unguiculate, 4.5-5 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, 1-veined; lip yellow-orange, subovate-trilobed, 7-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the apex obtuse,

minutely verrucose, the sides below the middle erect, broadly rounded, the disc with a deep, central

cavity, the base bicallous, truncate, inflexibly connate to the tip of the column-foot; column stout, 2 mm

long, the anther and stigma apical, the column-foot with extension 1.5 mm lon

Representative collections

ECUADOR: Azuay: sine loc., Prof. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K); mountains of Azogues, Hato de la

Virgin, near Cuenca, Th. Hartweg s.n. (Paratype: K); Cuenca, wooded hills, SEpt. 1864, W. Jameson s.n.

(K, W); near Manibinia, alt. 10,000 ft., 2 Sept. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W); west Andes of Cuenca, alt.

2800- 3000 m, Oct. F.C. Lehmann 4652 (K); Cerro Jambillo, between Gordeleg and San Bartolo, alt.

2800-3000 m, F-C. Lehmann 6493 (holotype of P. rhizomatosa destroyed at B, lectotype here designat-

ed: K; lectoisotypes: AMES, LE, US; south of Cumbe in mountain scrub, alt. 2900-3300 m, 4-22 Apr.

1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strém 7994, 8332, 8693, 8708 (GB); terrestrial near Cafiar, alt. 3300 m,

8 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12728 (K, MO); Sayausid, terrestrial, alt. 3000 m, 1 Apr. 1968,

G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strém 7936 (GB); between Sayausid and Cajas, alt. 3000 m, 15 June 1979, B.

Lgjtnant, A. & U. Molau 14834 (AAU, GB, MO); Sayausid, terrestrial, alt. 3000 m, 1 Apr. 1968, G.

234 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

G. Storm & B. Strém 7936 (GB). Chimborazo: vicinity of Huigra, Hda. Licay, 17 Aug. 191,

J.N. Rose & G. Rose 22151 (AMES, NY, US); “‘Huigra,”’ alt. 1200 m, 4 July 1923, A.S. Hitchcock

20748 (AMES, NY, US). Morona-Santiago: scrubby peer ie east of Sigsig, alt. 2750 m, 15 May

1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13326 (K, MO). Pichincha: Peas grove between Patricia Pilar and Santo

Domingo, alt. 1900 m, 28 July, 1980, R. Sauleda, M. Ragan, H. Luther, R. Wunderlin, et al. 3789

(AMES, USF). Sine loc., cultivated by Veitch, Apr. 1868, collected by Pierce s.n (K).

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Popayan, Th. Hartweg 1415 (K); Forests of Yunquillahuia, alt. 2800-3000 m, FC.

Lehmann 4625 (W).

PERU: Ancash: Yungay, above Laguna Llanganuco, alt. 4000 m, 26 June 1966, G. Edwin & J, Schuncke

3812 (AMES, F, MO). Chiclayo: Rio Taulis above La Playa, alt. 2800 m, 3 Sept. 1964, P.C. Hutchison

& K. von Bismarck 6479 (AMES, F, NY, UC, USM). Chasqui: alt. 10,500 ft., 27 Sept. 1922, Macbride

& Featherstone 2455 (AMES, F). Chinchapalca: above Mito, alt. 9,500 ft., 16-27 July 1922, Macbride

& Featherstone 1602 (AMES, F); Yungay, Quebrada de Llanganuco, alt. 3400 m, 8 Apr. 1986, M.

Dillon et al. 4452 (F, MO). Piura: Huancabamba, alt. 3000 m, 1 Mar. 1988, A. & D. Bennett B-4270

(MO).

BRAZIL: sine loc., 1879, H. Wawra s.n. (W).

This relatively common, locally abundant species climbs in scrub vegetation

usually at high altitudes in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. A thick

rhizome, ‘‘as thick as a goosequill’’ to quote John Lindley, bears a series of thick,

ascending leaves and “‘great, coarse, white roots.’’ Rather large, orange flowers are

borne successively in loose racemes. The lateral sepals are connate behind a rather

large lip with a sharply defined, central cavity.

Illustration: Fig. 185 herein, C. Luer illustr.

Xenosia xenion (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

95: 265, 2004.

Bas.: Pleurothallis xenion Luer & R.Escobar, ee 16: 38, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek xenion, ‘“‘a stranger,”’ referring to unfamiliar physical features.

Plant small, epiphytic, ascending-repent, the rhizome 5-10 mm long between ramicauls, producing a

length 30-40 cm long; roots fleshy. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, oe elliptical, acute, 5-7.5 cm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, gradually narrowed

below into the subpetiolte base. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender peduncle 5-17 mm

long, borne laterally from the ramicaul; floral bract 2.5 mm long; pedicel 6-7 mm long; ovary 3 mm

long, purple-costate; sepals glabrous, carinate, translucent white, suffused and veined in purple, the

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 12 mm long, 7 mm wide, 3-veined, with the apex acute, contracted into a

slender tail 10 mm long, the lateral sepals free, ovate, oblique, acute, 23 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, with the

apices acuminate into slender tails; petals translucent, obovate-flabellate, unguiculate, 6 mm long, 4.5

mm wide, the apex broadly obtuse, minutely irregular-denticulate; lip yellow, suffused with purple,

oblong-trilobed, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, obovate above the middle, densely long-pubescent, the apex

rounded, the lobes basal, erect, oblique, oblong, truncate, 3 mm long, the disc with an elliptical cleft, the

base truncate, broadly fixed to the column-foot; column purple, slender, semiterete, winged at the apex,

3.5 mm long, the anther and stigma ventral, the foot 2 mm lon

OLOMBIA: Boyaca: scrub forest above Guican, alt. 3100 m, 27 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D.

Portillo 7981 (Holotype: SEL; Isotypes: COL, JAUM); same vicinity, alt. 3200 m, 28 May 1982, C.

Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7981A (SEL).

This species, endemic in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, is superficially

similar to the Peruvian Masdevalliantha longiserpens (C.Schweinf.) Szlach.

Marg., but differs in the morphology of the lip and its attachment to the column-

foot. Instead of an elongated tip of the column-foot that protrudes into a cavity at

the base of the lip, the truncate base of the lip is inflexibly attached to the column-

foot, as it is in the other member of this small genus.

Illustration: Icones-III: 96, 1986, Plate 52, C. Luer illustr. 7981.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 235

Fig. 179. Sylphia cabellensis Fig. 180. Sylphia cactantha

3.cm

lla a a ea ete

Fig. 181la. Sylphia fuegii Fig. 181b. Sylphia fuegii

Pleurothallis hagsateri

236

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 184. Tridelta aurantiaca Fig. 185. Xenosia macrorhiza

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 237

REFERENCES

LUER, C.A., 1986. Icones Pleurothallidinarum-3. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 20: 2-99.

versus a Strictly phylogenetic method. Selbyana 23(1): 5

PRIDGEON, A.M. & M.W. CHASE, 2001. A phylogenetic sscintibitied of Pleuro-

thallidinae. Lindleyana 16(4): 235-271.

ABBREVIATIONS:

Names of Authors according to R.K. Brummitt & C.E. Powell, Aurhors of Plant

Names, 1992.

Names of Publications according to Botanico-Perodicum-Huntianum, 1968.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank all the numerous persons who have been helpful in obtaining specimens

for study during the past 28 years. I wish I could thank each one again personally,

and many I have, on many occasions. Foremost is Alex Hirtz as the greatest con-

tributor because of his invaluable aid in collecting specimens. The names of the

others are credited in citations of collections.

I thank all the herbaria that have allowed invaluable access to their collections,

especially the herbaria of AMES, K, and W for their most important, historical

collections. I thank Dan Nicolson for his advice on numerous occasions. I thank

Victoria Hollowell and Jennifer Gruhn of MO for their hours of proofreading.

I also thank the Pleurothallid Alliance and those members who made possible

the inking by Stig Dalstrém of so many of the illustrations.

238 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Acianthera 195

ibana 23

Anathallis abbreviata

endresii

uegil 8

haberi 158

implexa 164

ocellus 25, 82.

Antilla tiers 211

Anther

dressleri 24, 27, 83

Atopoglossum 83

ekmanii 24, 35, 83, Fig. 40.

excentricum 24, 29, 84, Fig. 41.

Barbosella 191

Cryptophoranthus 86

acaulis 2

aurantiacus 232.233

Cymbidium 209

tribuloides 231

Dendrobium corniculatum 209

lanceolum 54

ophioglossoides 39

sertularioides 174

tribuloides 231

Dondodia 21, 40, 85.

erosa 21, _ 86, Fig. 42.

Epidendru

esaicuian 39, 209, 210

39,5

montezumae 21, 25, 30, 86, Fig. 43., 87

Humboldtia aeae nnenihe 124

pachyphylla 167

parvifolia 139

picta 62

polygonoides 171

procumbens 140

purpurea 39

pyrsodes 209

semperflorens 117

seriata

pelos, 175

ra 1

yupanki 21, va 87, Fig. 44.

cic cryptophyta 139

fun 156

yauaperyensis 141

Lomax

punctulata 21, 25, 33, 88, Fig. 45.

Lueranthos

vestigipetalus 26, 29, 89.

Luerella 191

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 239

Madisonia 90.

kerrii 24, 27, 90, Fig. 46.

Masdevallia 88, 141

ancora, 21, 23, 38, 94, 95, Fig. 48.

aristata 21, 23, 38, 96, Fig. 49., 99, 122

latilabris 21, 24, 37, 108, Fig. 70.

lauta 124, 125

lipothrix 21, 25, 38, 109, Fig. 71.

llamachoi 21, 25, 36, 109, Fig. 72.

longilabris 21, 25, 36, 61, 110, Fig. 73.

macroblepharis 21, 25, 38, 110, Fig. 74. 113, 116,

119

marginata 21, 25, 31, 37, 61, 111, Fig. 75., 112,

118, 119

megalops 21, 25, 37, 113, Fig. 76.

oblonga 21, 25, 37, 113, Fig. 77.

38, 114, Fig. 78

2 , Fig. 80.

21, 25530; 115, Fig. 81., 121, 124

es 124, 125

jena Dhl, 37, 116, Fi

emperflorens 21, 26, 31, 104, 117, Fig. 83.

oe 21, 26, 37, 117, Fig. 84.

strumosa 21, 26, 31, 112, 118, Fig. 85.

stumpflei 21, 26, 37, 119, Fig. 86a, 86b.

tamboénsis 21, 26, 37, 119, Fig. 87.

tempestalis 21, 26, 36, 120, Fig. 88.

trullifera 21, 26, 36, 120, Fig. 89.

tsubotae 21, 26, 38, 121, Fig. 90.

villosilabia 21, 26, 38, 122, Fig. 91.

werneri 21, 26, 37, 122, Fig. 92.

xanthella 21, 26, 30, 123, Fig. 93.

xyloura 21, 26, 36, 123, Fig. 94., 124

Muscarella zephyrina 21, 26, 38, 104, 107, 124,

Fig. 95a, 95b, 95c., 114, 122, 125

pleurothallopsis 204

Pabstiella 21, 40, 139., 141

yter

determannii 196

parvifolia 21, 25, 31, 139, Fig. 97.

tripterantha 21, 26, 140, Fig. 97, 98.

yauaperyensis 26, 33, 141, Fig. 99.

Panmorphia 21, 40, 144, 155, 201

abbreviata 21, ae 34, 145, Fig. 100.

adenochila 21,

angulosa 21, . 29, 146, Fig. 101., 172

barbulata 21, 23, 30, 31, 146, Fig. ie 102b.,

150, 152, 162, 167, 176

brevipes 21, 23, 35, 148, Fig. 103., 163

burzlaffiana 21, 23, 28, 149, Fig. 104.

casualis 21, 23, 36, 149, Fig. 105., 150

a, 21, 23, 36, 150, Fig. 106.

ciliolata 21, 177

landstn 21, 28, 150, Fig. 107.

mayaguensis 21, 23, 28, 151, Fig. 108.

eaece 215.177

cuspidata 21, 23, 35, 152, Fig. 109.

een 21, 24, 35, 152, Fig. 110., 172, 173

dichot 96

es “96

duplooyi 21, 24, 27, 31, 153, Fig. 111.

endresii 21, 24, 29, 153, Fig. 112.

escalarenis 21, 24, 34, 154, Fig. 113.

fastigiata 21,17

fractiflexa 21, 35, 154, Fig. 114.

francesiana 21, 24, 34, 155, Fi 5.

funerea 21, 24, 35, 156, Fig. i16a, 116b., 157

grayumii 21, 24, 35, 157, Fig. 117.

haberi 21, 24, 31, 158, Fig. 118.

helmuthii 21, 177

herpethophyton 21, 24, — 158, Fig. 119.

holstii 21, 24, 28, 159, Fig. 120.

humilis 21, 24, 32, 35, 160, F ig. 121.

imberbis 21, 24, 32, 160, Fig. 122a, 122b., 161

inversa 21, 24, 161, Fig. 123.

involuta 21, 24, 28, 161, Fig. 124.

iota 21, 24, 29, 162, Fig. 125.

jamaicensis 21, 24, 35, 162, Fig. 126.

kautskyi 22,177

kleinii 22, 177

kuhniae 22, 24, 35, 163, Fig. 127.

laciniata 22, 177

lasioglossa 22, 24, 29, 164, Fig. 128., 162

lewisiae 22, 25, 28, 164, Fig. 129., 170

lichenophila 22, 177

limbata 22,177

lobiserrata 22, 177

azei 22, 25, 165, Fig. 130.

Siete 22s 2e DO} Fig. 131.

microblephara 22, 25, |

240

Panmorphia microphyta 22, 177

millipeda 22, 25, 35, 166, Fig. 132.

inima 22, 25, 167, Fig. 133.

polygonoides 22, 28, 171, Fig. 139., 172

rabei 22, 25, 153, 171, Fig. 140., 157, 172, 173

recurvipetala 22, 177

reed. 22, 177

reptilis 22, 25, 28, 172, Fig. 141.

ricii 22, 25, 34, 173, es 142.

rubrolimbata 22, 1

115

sanchezii 22, 25, 35, 172, 173, Fig. 143.

seriata 22, 26, 34, 174, Fig. 144.

sertularioides 22, 26, 29, 39, 70, 174, Fig. 145., 158

steinbuchiae 22, 26, 27, 28, 176, Fig. 146.

tigridens 22,

urbaniana 96

vitorinoi 22, 177

welteri eed

Phloeophila 88, 191

echinantha 191, 192

nummularia 25, 27, 191, Fig. 147a, 147b, 147c.,

192, 194

oricula 22, 25, 27, 191, 193, Fig. 148.

paulensis 191, 1

peperomioides 25, 27, 191, 193, Fig. 149.

ursula 26, 27, 191, 194, Fig. 150.

pease n 88

ooperi 88

a ths 191, 192

iit 211

Sennen 88

Platystele 197

aurea 197

Pleurothallis 39,94, 141, 232

Subgen. Aenigma

Subgen. Andreettaea 82

Subgen. Dresslera 82

Subgen. Masdevalliantha 90

Subgen. Mirabilia 1

Subgen. Rubellia 197 —

Subgen. Specklinia 39

Sect. A

Sect. Apodae-Caespitosae 20

pod

Subsect. Phloeophilae 191

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Pleurothallis abbreviata 145

angulosa 146

aondae 160

aperta 140

arachnantha 124

barboselloides 209

barbulata 146

bifl

biglandulosa 51

ee 65

blanc

Giphatieiece 50

bovilabia 83

brevicaulis 49

brevipes 148

breviscapa 156, 157, 172

calyptrostele 42, 43

casualis

catoxys 97

caudatipetala 150

caymanensis 195

cestrochila 97

choconiana 51

chontalensis

crassifolia 144, 167

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 241

Pleurothallis crepidophylla 51

antha 46

dressleri 82, 83

uplooyi 15

echinantha 191

echinodes

ehrhartiiflora 44

ekmanii 83

elegantula 165

endresii 153, 154

erosa 86

escalarensis 154

excentrica 84

exesilabia 102

15]

grisebachiana 48, 50, 53

grobyi 50, 51, 52

var. trilineata 51

ica me 215

158

nagar 228; 229

holstit 159

Pleurothallis humidicola 49

hunilis 160

macrorhiza 233

marginalis

dna 62, 111

marm 1

os 90, 91

mazae 16

medillensis 140

microphylla 56

apintzae 60

acct ak 171

242

Pleurothallis oblanceolata 169

obliquipetala

reptilis 172

rhizomatosa 233

segregatifolia 66

semperflorens 117

seriata 174

seeecaeey 154, 174

setiger 4

sibatensis 117

spathulata 231

delete eed 111, 112, 119

sphaeroglos

spiculifera 67

spiloporphyrea ZZ, 299

stumpflei 119

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

peat subumbellata 139

139

turrialbae 227

ursula 194

vestigipetala 89

vilipensa 20

villosilabia 122

vittariifolia 214

ightii

xenion 233, 234

yucatanensis 70

yupanki 87

zephyrina 107, 124

zorrocuchensis 150

Pleurothallopsis 83

Porroglossum muscosum 55

Proctoria 1

caymanensis 23, 195, Fig. 151.

Restrepia kegelii 85

liebmanniana 111

Ronaldella 21, 195.

aryter 22, 23, 28, 195, Fig. 152a, 152b.

determannii 22, 24, 28,

Sarcinula 21, 40, 201.

acanthodes 22, 23, 31, 202, Fig. 154.

acicularis 22, 23, 31, 202, Fig. 155.

acrisepala 22, 23, 32, 203, Fig. 156., 204

alexii 22, 23, 32, 204, Fig. 157., 231

areldii 22, 23, 32, 204, Fig. 158., 209

barbae 22, 23, 32, 205, Fig. 159.

brighamella 22, 23, 32, 206, Fig. 160.

brighamii 22, 23, 32, 206, Fig. 161., 205,

salderac 22, 23, 32, 207, Fig. 162.

chontalensis 22, 23, 32, 208, Fig. 163.

condylata 22, 23, 32, 208, Fig. 164.

corniculata 22, 23, 30, 209, Fig. 165., 211,

212

coronula 22, 23, 31, 211, Fig. 166.

cycesis 22, 23, 31, 212, Fig. 167.

displosa 22, 24, 33, 212, Fig. 168.

exilis 22, 24, 33, 202, 213, Fig. 169.

fulgens 22, 24, 31, 87, 202, 213, Fig. 170.,

215

glandulosa 22, 24, 32, 202, 214, Fig. 171.

guanacastensis 22, 24, 31, 87, 202, 215,

Fig. 172

ig. :

leptantha 22, 25, 34, 202, 215, Fig. 173.

psichion 22, 25, 30, 202, 216, Fig. 174.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

Sarcinula ey 22, 25, 32. 202, 217, Fig. 175.

scolopax 22, 26, 32, 202, 217, Fig. 176.

simmleriana 22, 26, 33, 202, 218, Fig. 177.,

208

striata 22, 26, 33, 202, 219, Fig. 178., 211

Scaphosepalum 141, 202

carpophorum

pleurothalloides 202

Specklinia 21, 23, 61, 39, 40, 82, 83, 191, 201

abbreviata 145

acanthodes 202

acicularis 202

acrisepala 203

alata 112

alexii 204

alta 23, 33, 41, 42, Fig. 1., 61, 62

caudatipetala

100

costaricensis 23, 33, 41, 44, Fig. 4., 45, 49

curtisii 23, 41, 45, Fig. 5., 48, 58

cuspidata 152

cycesis 212

cynocephala 100

dalessandroi 152

digitalis 24, 33, 41, 46, Fig. 6.

displosa 212

dodii 24, - 41, 46, Fig. 7., 47

duplooyi 153

243

Specklinia echinata 228

echinodes 10

cela 39, 208, 209, 210, 211

endre 3

erosa

escalarensis 154

exili

feuilletii 24, 34, 41, 47, Fig. 8.

fimbriata

floribunda .

florulent

gracillima 24, 33, 41, 49, Fig. 11.

grisebachiana 24, 34, 41, 48, 50, Fig. 12., 51,

grayumii 157

grobyi 24, 33, 39, 41, 50, 51, Fig. 13., 52, 53,

56, 58, 64, 65

grobyi-picta complex 47, 53, 54, 56, 59, 64,

65, 212

guanacastensis AD

eri 158

herpethophyton 158

humilis 160

ichthyonekys 106

iota

jamaicensis 162

jesupii 24, 34, 41, 53, Fig. 14., 54

kenedyi

kuhniae 163

lanceola 24, 34, 39, 41, 54, Fig. 15a., 15b.,

lasioglossa 164

lateritia 54, Fig. 15b., 54, 55

latilabris 8

Sirens 215

lewis 164

cheno 25, 30, 34, 41, 55, Fig. 16.

s 110

luis-diegoi 25, 28, 41, 56, Fig. 17.

244 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Specklinia macroblepharis 110

marginalis 51

marginata 62

mazae

megalophora 165

147

mitchellit 25, 34, 41, 58, Fig. 20.

montezumae 8

morganii 25, 29, 41, 58, Fig. 21., 59

mornicola 25, 30, 40, 41, 44, 59, Fig. 22., 69

mucronata 25, 35, 41, 59, Fig. 23.

napintzae 25, 29, 41, 60, Fig. 24.

nummularia 192

ease 2); "30, 41, 60, Fig. 25.

oblanceolata 169

oblonga 11 13

ordinata 21, 25, 29, 41, 61, Fig. 26.

170

quinqueseta 114

rabei 171

recula se 32, 41, 54, 64, Fig. 31.

reptilis 172

ricii 173

meas 115

sanchez

tania

sclare

os 217

segregatifolia 26, 35, 41, 46,.66, Fig. 33.

Sa. 26. 34, 41, 51, 54, 56, 65, Fig. 32a., 32b.

116

semperflorens 117

seriata

sertularioides 39, 174

var. trinitensis 67

setigera

sibatensis : .

simmleriana 218

ne 26, 34, 41, 67, Fig. 34.

simulatrix me

eer ete

spiculifera 26, os 41, 60, 61, 67, Fig. 35a.,

steinbuchiae 176

stillsoni 26. 30, 41, 59, 68, Fig. 36., 69

ata 219

vittariifolia 214

wrightii 26, 30, 41, 69, Fig. 38.

xanthella 123

yucatanensis 26, 29, 41, 70, Fig. 39.

yupanki

zephyrina 124

Stelis 23,

minor ~

purpur 9

Syiphia 21, 40, 227

cabellensis 22, 23, 34, 227, Fig. 179.

cactantha 22, 23, 31, 227, 228, Fig. 180.

fuegit 22, 24, 34, 227, 228, Fig. 181., 229

turrialbae 22, 26, 30, 227, 229, Fig. 182.

Tribulago 230

blancoi 22, 23, 30, 230, Fig. 183., 232

tribuloides 22, 26, 33, 230, 231

Tridelta 21, 40, 232.

aurantiaca 22, 23, 30, 232, Fig. 184.

Xenosia

macrorhiza 2); 29, 233, Fig. 185.

spiralis 233

xenion 26, 29, 234, Fig. 186.

Zootrophion 86, 87, 2

245

MISCELLANEOUS NEW TAXA IN THE PLEUROTHALLIDINAE

(ORCHIDAEAE)

The following new pleurothallid taxa in 15 genera (Acianthera Scheidw., Acro-

nia Presl, Arthrosia (Luer) Luer, Colombiana Ospina, Crocodeilanthe Rchb.f. &

Warsz., Dracula Luer, Dryadella, Luer, Loddigesia Luer, Myoxanthus Poepp. &

Endl., Ogygia Luer, Physosiphon Lindl., Platystele Schltr., Porroglossum Schitr.,

Restrepia Kunth., and Trichosalpinx Luer), have come to my attention.

Acianthera rinkei Luer, new species

Acronia cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer, new combination

Acronia lynniana Luer, new species

Acronia pyelophera Luer, new species

Acronia tobarii Luer & Hirtz, new species

Arthrosia Luer, new genus

Arthrosia auriculata (Lindl.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia barbacenensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia caldensis (Hoehne & Schltr.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia duartei (Hoehne) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia floribunda (Lindl.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia freyi Luer, new species

Arthrosia hygrophila (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia malachantha (Rchb.f.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia muscosa (Barb. Rodr.) Luer, new combination

Arthrosia purpurea-violacea (Kraenzl.) Luer, new combination

Colombiana cosmetron (Luer) Luer, new combination

Colombiana silverstonei (Luer) Luer, new combination

Crocodeilanthe suinii Luer, new species

Dracula saulii Luer & Sijm, new species

Dryadella ena Luer, new species

Loddigesia Luer, new

Loddigesia quadrifida (La Llave & Lex.) Luer, new combination

Myoxanthus werneri Luer, new species

Ogygia Luer, new genus

Ogygia unguicallosumm (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer,

Physosiphon asperrimus (Luer) Luer, new combination

Platystele tobarii Luer, new species

Porroglossum marniae Luer, new species

Porroglossum parsonsii Luer, new species

Porroglossum sijmii Luer, new species

Restrepia persicina Luer & Hirtz, new species

Trichosalpinx jostii Luer & Dalstrém, new species

246 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Acianthera rinkei Luer, sp. n Fig. 1.

y.: Named for Bryon K. Rinke of Winfield, KS, who imported and cultivates this species.

Species haec Aciantherae aechmi vo ace & M.W.Chase affinis, sed sepalis carnosissimis,

synsepalo concavo et labello verrucoso diffe

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls sharply winged, laterally

compressed and sulcate from below the middle, suberect to horizontal, to 12 cm long, with a tubular

sheath from above the base and another tubular sheath at the base. Leaf erect in relation to the ul

thinly coriaceous, elliptical, acute, acuminate, 12-15 cm long, 4.5 cm wide, the basal margins decurrent

up to 3 cm onto the ramicaul. Inflorescence single, a several-flowered raceme ca. 2 cm

long, borne on top of the leaf, subtended by a spathe 12 mm long from the apex of the ramicaul, 3 cm

. the lowermost portion of the leaf; peduncle ca. 3 mm long; floral bracts 2.5 mm long; pedicels 1

m long; ovary 1.5 mm long, densely short-pubescent; sepals fleshy, minutely p cent externally,

see with small, dark brown spots, the dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, obtuse, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovoid, obtuse, minutely

bifid, concave synsepal with incurved margins, 7.5 mm long, 6 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined; petals

oblong-spathulate, obtuse, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, with the margins minutely denticulate

toward the apex; lip dark brown, thick, fleshy, oblong-trilobed, 5.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex

rounded, entire, the lateral lobes erect, oblong, obtuse, below the middle, the disc with a hick pair of

parallel, verrucose calli on the middle third anterior to the marginal lobes, the base truncate, obscurely

minutely lobed at the angles, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column slender, 3.5 mm long, dilated

in distal quarter, the foot thick, 3 mm long, the anther, rostellum and stigma ventral

ECUADOR: without locality, collected by Ecuagenera, cultivated in Winfield, KS, Jan. 2006, by B

Rinke s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20999.

This species is native to Ecuador, but collection data are unknown. It is most

closely related to Acianthera aechme, but it is distinguished from the latter by thin

leaves that are decurrent onto a sharply winged ramicaul, and as with the former, a

short, simultaneously flowered raceme is borne on the top surface of the leaf. The

sepals are thickly fleshy and pubescent externally. The synsepal is concave with

incurved, not recurved, margins. The lip is thick and elliptical with verrucose calli

on the disc, and with erect, obtuse, marginal lobes below the middle.

The following combination needs to be made because of the omission of comb. nov.

Acronia cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer, comb. nov., Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 103: 114, 2005.

Bas.: Humboldtia cordata Riuz & Pav., Syst. Veg. 234, 1798.

Acronia lynniana Luer, sp. n Fig

Ety.: Named for Lynn O’ eG of Howell, MI, who imported and cultivates this species.

cies haec pee Oe Ake i. ) Luer affinis, sed ie reclinata, ovario densissime

minuti- pike 1 dif.

Plant aicdin in size, presumably epiphytic, eee roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-

9 cm long, with a loose sheath below the middle and 2-3 short sheaths at the base. Leaf spreading, more

or less horizontal, coriaceous, narrowly ovate with the sides revolute, 7-9.5 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide

expanded, the apex acute, the base sessile, deeply cordate with the lobes about 1 cm deep. Inflorescence

a single, successive flower borne from a reclining, conduplicate spathe, 14 mm long, 5 mm broad, at the

base of the leaf; peduncles 1-2 mm long, confined within the spathe with the floral bracts, the latter being

ca. 15 mm long; pedicels 20 mm long; ovary 4 mm long, densely minutely papillose; flowers non-resu-

pinate; sepals yellow with prominent, red stripes along the veins, cellular-glandular within and without,

the lowermost middle sepal ovate to broadly elliptical-ovate, obtuse, more or less convex, 15 mm long,

12 mm wide, 7-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, obtuse, uppermost synsepal, 14-17

mm 14 mm wide expanded, 8-veined; petals dark red-veined, oblong, the apex acute, oblique, 11

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, one oe eae! triangular oan oe apex and basal

angles obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, the disc shallowly ave , the base

truncate, with a short, broad claw, firmly attached to the mole i608 column stout, 3 mm long, 3 mm

broad, the anther and bilobed stigma apical, the foot thickly protuberant.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 247

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: without collection data, collected by Ecuagenera, cultivated in Howell,

MI, Feb, 2006, by L. O’Shaughnessy 03045 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21001.

Among the species related to Acronia cardiostola (Rchb.f.) Luer in Acronia

section Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, this brilliantly colored species is distinct for

the large yellow sepals prominently striped in red. Although it does not appear to

be related to those species similar to A. cardiostola, because of the non-resupinate

flower reclining on a reclining spathe, the lip betrays its relationship. The thickly

and bluntly triangular lip is shallowly concave within thickened margins, similar to

that of all the A. cardiostola relatives.

Acronia oe Luer, sp. n Fig. 3.

Ety.: From the Greek pyelopher, ‘ ne ee referring to the labellum.

Species haec A eroniae COTaiOstolae Me f ) Pu as sed spatha reclinata, ovario densissime

minuti-papilloso differt.

Plant seediunis in size, presumably epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-

10 cm long, with a loose sheath below the middle and 2-3 short sheaths at the base. Leaf spreading,

more or less horizontal, rigidly coriaceous, dark green, ovate with the sides more or less incurved below

the middle, 5.5-7 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, the apex acute, the base sessile, deeply cordate with the lobes

about 1 cm deep. Inflorescence a ongle successive flower borne from a reclining spathe, 11-12 mm

long, at the base of the leaf; peduncles 1-2 mm long, confined within the spathe with the floral bracts and

pedicels, the floral bracts 8-10 mm long; pedicels 10-12 mm long; ovary 3.5 mm long, densely minutely

papillose; flowers non-resupinate; sepals dull rose with prominent, red-purple stripes along the veins,

glabrous, the lowermost middle sepal subcircular, obtuse, more or less convex below the middle, 10 mm

long, 9 mm wide, 7- to 8-veined, the lateral sepals connate into an ovate, subacute, concave, uppermost

synsepal, 11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide expanded, 6-veined; petals red- use: oblong, acute, slightly

curved, with cellular margins, 9 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined; lip red-purple, thickly scaphoid, with

lose margins, the base concave, firmly attached below to the column-foot; column stout, 2 mm long, 3

mm broad, the anther and bilobed stigma apical, the a of the cole broad, thick.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: without collection data, collected by Ecuagenera, cultivated in Howell,

MI, Feb, 2006, by L. O’Shaughnessy 03047 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21004.

Among the species related to Acronia cardiostola in Acronia section Macro-

phyllae-Fasciculatae, this species is superficially similar to the preceding species.

The non-resupinate, prominently purple-striped flower rests at the base of a horizon-

tal or descending, rigidly coriaceous, dark green leaf. The middle sepal is round

while the uppermost synsepal is scaphoid. The lip is thickly ovoid and concave

centrally with broad margins, appearing very similar to the warty lip of Acronia

phymatodea (Luer) Luer.

Acronia tobarii Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov. Fig. 4.

. Named for Francisco Tobar of Mindo, co-collector of this species.

s haec Acroniae cardiostolae Soa f.) Luer affinis, sed cauliorum vaginis hispidis foliis

eso et labello oblongo obtuso differ

arge, epiphytic, a roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 25-28 cm long, with a

elo

‘ m c ula

resupinate or non-resupinate; sepals minutely eal extemal, cellular. papillos within, the middle

sepal ovate to broadly ovate, subacute to obtuse, more or less c x, l ong, mm wide, 5-7

veined, the lateral sepals olive, connate into a narrowly ovate, ‘ae | od aaa more or less recurved

248 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

sides, 14-15 mm long, 6 mm wide expanded, 8-veined; petals dark red-brown, cellular-papillose, with

ciliate-denticulate margins, elliptical-ovate, acute, narrowed below the middle, 11 mm lon

wide, 3-veined; lip glabrous, olive-brown, oblong, thick, the apex and basal angles obtuse, 4.5-5.5 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the disc slightly cleft toward the apex, the base concave, with a short, thick, claw,

firmly hinged to the column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, the anther and bilobed

stigma apical, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: new road between Guamote and Macas, alt. 2800 m, 14 Oct. 2004, A.

Hirtz, E. Sanchez, F. Tobar & W. Bautz 9090 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20921.

Pubescent or hispidous sheaths of the ramicauls are apparently isolated and rare

occurrences in Acronia section Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae. The only other

members of the genus known to have such sheaths are A. crateriformis (C.

Schweinf.) Luer and A. muriculata (Luer & Hirtz) Luer. With the conspicuous

spathe, A. tobarii is apparently related to species similar to A. lilijae (Foldats) Luer,

and not closely allied to either of the above.

Arthrosia Luer, stat. et gen

Bas.: Pleurothallis subgen. ee Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 34, 1986.

Type: Pleurothallis auriculata Lind]., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 356, 1936.

a auriculata (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

| Pleurothallis auriculata Lind|., Companion aa Mag. 3: 356, 1836.

Arthrosia barbacenensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis barbacenensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. ae 21141882,

a caldensis (Hoehne & Schltr.) Luer, comb. n

as.: Pleurothallis caldensis Hoehne & Schltr., Archiv. Bot. a Sao Paulo 1(3): 210, 1926.

oe duartei (Hoehne) Luer, comb. n

as.: Pleurothallis duartei Hoehne, Archiv. Inst. Hol Sao Paulo 2: 12, 1929.

oe floribunda (Lindl.) Luer, comb. n

s.: Specklinia floribunda Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 7 : 1830.

sett freyi Luer, sp. n Fig. 5.

.. Named for Michel Frey ae cultivates this species at Fazenda Capijuma in Espirito Santo.

ae s haec Arthrosiae floribundae (LIndl.) Luer afffinis, sed floribus majoribus, racemo erecto,

petalis sp latioribus, et labelli callis duobus longioribus sub apicem ad basim differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, indistinctly trique-

trous ae the middle, erect, 14-18 cm long, enclosed by a closely fitting, tubular sheath on the middle

third and 1-2 oe at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 5.5 cm

long, 0.9-1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below at the sessile base. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested,

distichous, Sen once raceme, 10-13 cm long including the peduncle 6-7 cm long, borne from the

base of the leaf with a spathe 5-6 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long; ovary 3.5 mm

tical, obtuse, with slightly irregular margins, 3.5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, with a single, dark purple vein;

lip purple, elliptical-trilobed, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, rounded at the apex, with slightly irregu-

lar margins, the lobes above the middle, erect, antrorse, acute, the disc with a pair of longitudinal calli

from below the apical margin to the callus at the base, the base with a thick, wedge-shaped callus that

articulates with a cavity at the tip of the column-foot; column stout, longitudinally winged, 3.5 mm long,

denticulate at the apex, the hooded anther, rostellum and stigma ventral, the foot thick, 2 mm long

BRAZIL: Espirito Santo: forest near Fazenda Capijuma, alt. ca. 1200 m, where it was collected and

cultivated, flowered in cultivation, 23 Nov. 2002, by Michel Frey 057 (Holotype: HB), C. Luer illustr.

20252.

This species from Espirito Santo in southeastern Brazil is related to the widely

distributed Arthrosia floribunda (Lindl.) Luer, but it is distinguished from the latter

by larger flowers that are held upright in a longer, strict raceme. The sepals are a

third larger, the petals are twice as broad, and the calli on the disc of the larger lip

extend from near the apex to the base.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 249

Arthrosia hygrophila (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis hygrophila Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. i eT, VST?

Arthrosia malachantha (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis malachantha Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: oe 4836.

oe muscosa (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. n

as.: Pleurothallis muscosa Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. oo ley L877.

ale oes myrticola (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. n

as.: Pleurothallis myrticola Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. ne 19.1877.

Arthrosia purpureo-violacea (Cogn.) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis purpureo-violacea Cogn., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 405, 1896.

The following two combinations need to be made because of their omissions

from a previous Jcones Pleurothallidinarum.

Colombiana cosmetron (Luer) Luer, comb.

Bas.: Pleurothallis cosmetron Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. aioe Bot. Gard. 44: 120, 1992.

Colombiana silverstonei (Luer) Luer, comb. n

Bas.: Pleurothallis silverstonei Luer, Monogr. Syst. ee aw Bot. Gard. 44: 122, 1992.

Oe suinii Luer, sp. n Fig. 6.

Et - med for Linder Suin of Gima, ase who collected and cultivated this species.

Species en Crocodeilanthis ae et e eetZ) Luer affinis, sed sepalis profundissime

connatis se apic lare cum calli supra medium indistinctis differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, stout,

erect, 8-12 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath on the middle third and 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths

about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-8 cm long, 2-2.3 cm wide, cu-

neate below into a petiole 1-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence an erect, congested, many-flowered raceme,

more or less secund, most flowers open simultaneously, 5-9 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long,

within an oblique spathe 2-3 cm long, from an annulus ca. 2 mm below the abscission layer; floral bracts

tubular, inflated, 6 mm long, enclosing the pedicel, ovary and lower _ or ae oes pedicels 2 mm

long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow, microscopically pubescent above the midd ddle, the dorsal sepal

oblong, longitudinally concave, the apical dae thick and vate 8 mm long, 3 mm wide expanded, 3-

veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a cylindri tube that is constricted below

the apical thickenings, the lateral sepals icke connate 5 mm, with the apices similarly thickened, 6.5

mm long, 3 mm wide together, 6-veined together; petals translucent yellow, broadly elliptical, rounded

at the apex, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, fleshy, suborbicular, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide

xpanded, the apex broadly rounded, the disc shallowly concave, with an obscure pair of low, oblique,

lunate calli slightly above the middle, and with a transverse callus above the narrowly concave base, the

base truncate, firmly hinged to the column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, the foot thick, less than 1 mm

long with the apex short and thick, the anther, rostellum and stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Azuay: near Gima, alt. ca. 3000 m, collected and cultivated in Gima by Linder Suin, flow-

ered in cultivation 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19769 (Holotype: MO).

This species of high altitudes of southern Ecuador 1s related to the relatively

frequent and widely distributed Crocodeilanthe salpingantha (Luer & Hirtz) Luer.

Both species are characterized by a long, foliaceous spathe, and large floral bracts

that enclose a deeply connate, yellow, perianth tube. Crocodeilanthe suinii differs

by the petiolate instead of sessile leaves, and sepals deeply connate into a tube that

is constricted below thickened apices.

sal saulii Luer & Sijm, sp. nov Fig. 7.

.. Named for Saul Ruiz Pérez of Lima Peru, who collected this species.

Inter vee eenerts oie habitus pete or oo anguste pena uS serene ovatis

obtusis albj caudati tis, labelli ep { nguitur.

Plant small, ar aiwite cesptoe roots igiaee Ramicauls erect, slender, 3.5-4 cm one enclosed

by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, carinate, narrowly linear, obtuse, 15-17 cm long

including an indistinct petiole, 1 cm wide, narrowed below to the base. Inflorescence a single flower,

borne by a horizontal peduncle, 10-11 cm long, on low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 9-10 mm

250 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

long; pedicel 10-17 mm long; ovary thick, 4 mm long, round in cross section with the ribs microscopical-

ly erose; sepals white, suffused with brown within along the margin of the cup, suffused with purple

externally, diffusely spiculate within, the dorsal sepal transversely ovate, 10 mm long, 13-15 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form a broad, deep, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, abruptly

peewee into a reflexed, slender, purplish tail 18-23 mm long, the lateral sepals pages ovate, oblique,

nnate 10 mm into a 20-22 mm wide, broad lamina with a broad, rounded mentum, the apices broadly

coat. ie eee into slender, purplish tails 35-52 mm long; petals saa cartaginovs oblong, 2.5

mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex bivalvate, densely spiculate between the laminae, the inner lamina sub-

acute, ee the outer lamina rounded; lip white, thickly pandurate, 6 mm long, 4. 25 mm wide, the

epichile transversely reniform, concave, 3 mm long, 4.25 mm wide, filled with irregular, large to small

spicules, asymmetrically arranged, the hypochile ovoid, minutely and sparsely spiculate 2.5 mm long, 3

mm wide, deeply cleft centrally, with thickened margins that continue into irregular, papilliform spicu-

late processes the overhang the epichile, the margins broadly rounded, the base decurved, concave,

hinged to the column-foot; column white, stout, semiterete, 3 mm long, denticulate at the tip, with a

stout foot 3 mm lon

PERU: collected by Saul Ruiz, obtained from Manuel Arias, cultivated at Orchideeénkwerkerij, Venhui-

zen, the Netherlands, flowered in cultivation, Oct. 2005, Ton Sijm 250925 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer il-

lust. 20980

Among the species of Dracula Luer, this species is distinguished by its small

size and narrowly linear, obtuse leaves one centimeter wide. The peduncle bears a

single, cupped flower with obtuse, more or less recurved sepals. Within, the sepals

are white and covered above the middle by a dense field of spicules. Most unusual

is the tail of the dorsal sepal that is twice to thrice shorter than the tails of the lateral

sepals. The purple petals seem to peek out like a pair of eyes. The lip is small but

remarkable for the asymmetrically arranged, numerous, fleshy spicules of various

sizes that fill the hypochile below a similarly asymmetrical, spiculate, overhanging

margin of the hypochile.

ee seen tee a Sp. Nov. | Fig. 8.

med for Marilyn L is species from Ecuagenera

Int r species generis Dryadellae ues age patya Saat abbreviato, foliis senewe ome ich

tia, aie ad apicem incrassatis, petalis acute angulat elli lamina profunde fimbriata distinguitu

Plant small, presumably epiphytic, densely eee: roots aie Ramicauls erect, 8-9 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin on sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly co riaceous, narrowly linear-obovate, acute to

subacute, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 0.4 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into an indistinct petiole. Inflores-

cence a single flower, eae by an erect peduncle 1.5-2 mm long, sae by a membranous bract, from

low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary thickly carinate, 1 mm

long; sepals fleshy, especially toward the apices, microscopically erose, the dorsal sepal ovate, pale rose,

heavily marked with purple spots and transverse bars, subacute, concave, 8.5 mm long, 4 mm wide

expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a sepaline cup, the lateral sepals rose-purple,

ovate, oblique, acute, 7 mm long, 4 mm wide, with a transverse callus above the decurved base, connate

m at the base to form a small chin; petals translucent rose, diffusely dotted with lar oblong-

= ie obtuse, with acute marginal angles above the middle, 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3 mm wide

across the angled margins; lip rose-purple, long-unguiculate, the blade obovate, rounded at the deflexed

apex, the margins deeply fimbriate, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the base above the claw with a pair

acute, retrorse lobes, the disc with a pair of erect, finlike, fimbriate lamellae, the claw farinose, | m

long, bilobulate at the base, hinged to the apex of the column-foot; column rose, 3 mm long, fon made

nally winged from below the middle, the foot equally long.

ECUADOR: without locality, collected by Ecuagenera, purchased by Marilyn Lee, a part given to and

flowered in Howell, MI, March 2006, by Lynn O’Shaughnessy 03233 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr.

21005.

This colorful little species appears very much like many other tailless species of

the genus, but it is easily distinguished by a deeply fringed lip. Except for the

bright colors and fringed lip, it is most similar to Dryadella aurea Luer & Hirtz.

The only other known species with anything like a fringed lip is the long-tailed D.

crenulata (Pabst) Luer from Brazil, but the margin of the lip of this species is only

denticulate.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 251

Loddigesia Luer, gen. n

Type: Dendrobium aa ae La Llave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 40, 1825 [=Loddigesia

quadrifida (La Llave & Lex.) Luer].

Ety.: Named for Conrad Loddiges URS — who imported and cultivated this species.

R 1¢1#] Ganaliim d lp seyxd |

7 Z a

es; petala similes sed minores. Labellum

subpanduratum.

The single species of this genus was first published by Lindley in Hooker’s

Exotic Flora in Sept. 1824 as Pleurothallis racemiflora, and with Dendrobium

racemiflorum Sw. in synonymy. By strictest interpretation of an obscure rule of

nomenclature, the name becomes illegitimate. The next available name is Dendrob-

ium quadrifidum of March 1825.

ae quadrifida (La Llave & Lex.) Luer, comb. no

: Dendrobium quadrifidum La Llave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. os 825.

E y.: From the Latin quadrifidus, ‘‘divided into four parts,’’ referring to the perianth.

Syn.: Pleurothallis racemiflora Lindl. ex Lodd., Bot. Cab. 10, t. 949, 1824.

Syn.: Stelis racemiflora (Lindl. ex Lodd.) Lodd. ex Baxt.

Syn.: Pleurothallis quadrifida (La Llave & Lex.) Lindl.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ghiesbreghtiana A.Rich. & Galeotti

Syn.: Anathallis racemiflora (Lindl. ex Lodd.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

Syn.: Stelis racemiflora (Lindl. ex Lodd.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

The combination of a multiflowered raceme longer than the leaf; an elliptical

dorsal sepal and synsepal free and similar; similar elliptical petals nearly as large;

and a pandurate lip broadly rounded above the middle distinguish the genus and

species from all other pleurothallids. For the lack of a better accommodating taxon,

this species was recently included in Pleurothallis subgenus Effusia.

Illustration: Icones-XX: 79, 2000, Fig. 34.

Myoxanthus werneri Luer, sp. n Fig. 9.

Ety.: Named for Florian Werner of i. University of Gottingen, Germany, who first collected this

—

s haec a ae (Lindl. ) ie be eee as ea or estoHpus latiori-

busque, ae valde arcua p gynostemio aequilongo differt.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 50 cm long, enclosed by 6

long, tubular, hispidulous sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, 28 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, cuneate

below into the subpetiolate base ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence a fascicle many, single, simultaneous

flowers, near the apex of the ramicaul, the Searle: minutely pubescent, 8-11 mm long; floral bracts

infundibular, pubescent, 5 mm long, enclosing pedicel; pedicel, stout, 5 mm long; ovary densely short-

pubescent, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide; sepals “‘woolwhite,’’ spotted with wine red, sparsely and shortly

pubescent, the dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse, 11.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals con-

nate 4 mm to the sides of the column-foor, and 2 mm above, elliptical, oblique, acute, 10 mm long, 3.5

mm wide, 5-veined; petals narrowly ovate, thickened above the middle with thickened margins, narrow-

: obtuse, 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip oblong, strongly arcuate in the middle, 3.5 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, minutely erose, the disc with a pair of longitudinal carinae from the base

to near the apex, the base truncate, bilobulata, hinged on the end; column stout, semiterete, 3 mm long,

mm wide, denticulate at the apex, the foot concave, stout, 3 mm lon

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacién Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt.

2010 m, 7 Feb. 2005, F Werner 148] (Holotype: MO; Isotype: ), C. Luer illustr. 20928.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: F. Werner 12620 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19377.

This large species is related to M. affinis (Lindl.) Luer, but distinguished by the

fleshy flowers with wider sepals and petals, and an oblong lip that is acutely arcuate

near the middle. The biauriculate base is attached to the end of an elongated

column foot from whence the folded center of the lip is lodged near the base of the

much larger gynostemium, beneath which the lower half of the lip is held.

Zz ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Ogygia Luer, gen. nov.

Ety.: Named for Ogygia, the remote island home e oe

Type: Pleurothallis unguiculosa Ames & C.Schw

Planta parva brevit pens, paucis folio brevioribus, sepalis carnosis lateralibus connatis,

la be 1] : lat Aictinogiutur

This is a unispecific genus, endemic on the Revillagigedo Islands in the Pacific

Ocean south of Mexico, with a description, albeit poor, of the species sufficing for

the genus.

Ogygia unguicallosa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. no

Ety.: From

e Latin unguicallosus, ‘‘with clawed callus,”’ referring to ae ‘prominent callus at the

Bas:.: Picirothallix unguicallosa Ames & C.Schweinf., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43: 195, 1930.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, suberect to horizontal, 2-5

cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf more or

less horizontal, hanes with purple beneath, coriaceous, elliptical, acute to subacute, 4- 5. 5 cm long, 8-

wide, cuneate below at the sessile base. Inflorescence 1-4, much shorter than the leaf, with up to

4 flowers, ae fro om a small spathe at the base of the leaf; floral bracts minute, infundibuliform; pedi-

cels and ovary not described; sepals fleshy, the dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, concave, carinate, 5.2-5.5

mm long, almost 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ‘‘obliquely lanceolate,’’ but t connate into a

ovate lamina, 5 mm long, 5 mm wide, 6-veined, sharply bicarinate, sharply bidentate at the apex, saccate

at the base; petals membranaceous, ‘ ‘obliquely oblanceolate-linear,’’ acute, about 3 mm long, 1-veined,

i i clawed,”’ 3.2 mm long, “‘the claw subquadrate,

slightly angled on each side near the base, adorned near the apex with a transverse, fleshy callus which

is elevated-quadrate at the base and gradually tapers into the lower part of the lamina, lamina about 2.4

or oblong-lanceolate, indistinctly bicarinate near the center, acute at the rounded apex, anterior margins

denticulate, upper surface studded with approximate papillae;’’ column arcuate, shorter than the petals,

triangular-winged, the foot stout, equally long; anther galeate; pollinia uncertain

MEXICO: Revillagigedo Islands: Socorro Island, east slope, 5 May 1925, H.L. Mason 1628 (Holotype:

CAS, sterile; Isotype: AMES, sterile; southeast flank of Cerro Evermann, alt. 825 m, 12 Apr. 1978, R.

Moran 25507 (MO, sterile; SD, sterile).

From the detailed description compiled by Schweinfurth, and transcribed above,

no clear picture of this elusive species and be imagined. As of today, no adequate

floral material exists in herbaria for study.

ee asperrimus (Luer) Luer, comb. nov

Bas.: Pleurothallis asperrima Luer, Phytologia 49: 201, 1

Ety.: From the Latin asperrimus, ‘“‘very exaspirate,’ > referring to the inner surfaces of the sepals.

ae tobarii Luer, sp. no Fig. 10.

d for Francisco Tobar Ms Mindo, co-collector of this species.

= cies haec Platystelis rhinocerae Luer & Hirtz similis, sed floribus majoribus, sepalo dorsali tri-

nervis quam lateralibus majore, sepalis petalisque minutissime ciliatis, et labello ad medium protuberanti

differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3 mm lon

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 15-22 mm long including a petiole

5-6 mm long, the blade broadly elliptical, obtuse, 6-8 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a suberect, loose, distichous, subflexuous, successively few- to several-flowered raceme to 4 cm

long, borne by a filiform peduncle 2-3 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1 mm

long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent yellow with rose veins, microscopical-

ly ciliate-cellular pubescent, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, subacute, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined, free to the base; petals yellow,

minutely ciliate, narrowly triangular-ovate, oblique, acute, 4 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; lip dark rose, thick,

fleshy, cellular-glandular, ovoid, round at the apex, 3.2 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, the disc convex with a

subpyramidal cone that fills the distal half, concave beneate, the base truncate with an obscure glenion,

firmly hinged to the column-foot; column shallowly cucullate, 0.5 mm long and broad, the stigma bi-

lobed, the foot rudimentary.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 253

ECUADOR: Imbabura: Province of Cotacachi, Junin, alt. 1500-1700 m, 16 Feb. 2004, F. Tobar & J.

Monge 612 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20973

All known members of the genus Platystele Schltr. possess only single-veined

sepals, except for this present species with a three-veined dorsal sepal. The peculiar

lip of this species 1s reminiscent to that of P. fimbriata Luer & Hirtz, P. resimula

Luer & Hirtz, and P. rhinocera Luer & Hirtz, all known by a prominent convexity

of the apex. The convexity of P. tobarii is largest near the middle.

Porroglossum marniae Luer, sp. n Fig. 11.

Ety.: Named for Marni Turkel of Santa A CA, who collected this species.

Species haec Porroglosso nutibarae Luer & R.Escobar similis, sed sepalo dorsali cauda breva a

oo laminae attingenti et oe ae mp ee ore differt; a i ormace? H.R.Sweet sepalorum

Wibawil.,

nt medium in size for the genus, en caespitose; roots slender. Spel erect, slender, 1

cm an, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. erect, coriaceous, an aaa 5-8 cm long inclu a the

petiole 3-4 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1 cm wide, gradua ie narrowed below into

the slender petiole. Inflorescence a successively eri went congested fascicle, borne at the oe

of a slender, erect, glabrous peduncle to 25 cm long, with a few widely spaced bracts, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 4-5 mm long; pedicels 7-8 mm long; ovary smooth, 3 mm

long; sepals translucent white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal transversely obovate-bilobed, 4 mm long, 9 mm

wide expanded, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2.5 mm to form a gaping cup, the apex retuse,

acutely reflexed, abruptly short-caudate, the tail 2 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 6 mm

long, 4 mm wide, connate 2 mm to form an obtuse mentum below the tip of the column-foot, the apices

oblique, obtuse, contracted into white, descending, thickened, subclavate tails 12 mm long, 1 mm thick;

petals translucent white, oblong-ovate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, narrowed to the slightly dilated, rounded

apex, the margins with obtuse angles below the middle; lip with the pee dark purple, white at the base,

obovate, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, he middle, the apex broadly ob-

tuse, with a short, narrowly sulcate cavity within the apex, the base with a low, longitudinal, brownish

callus, deflexed below into a slender, straplike claw bent with tension about the free apex of the column-

foot; column semiterete, 2 mm long, the slender foot 4.5 mm long.

ECUADOR: Imbabura Selva Alegre, alt. 2050 m, collected 14 May 1983 | — Turkel, flowered in

cultivation by Marni Turkel, 3 June 2002, C. Luer 20140 (Holotype: MO), C

This species, collected in flower by Marni Turkel in northcentral Ecuador, has

morphological features that place it between the Colombian Porroglossum nutibara

Luer & R.Escobar and the Ecuadorian P. olivaceum H.R.Sweet. It differs from the

former by a short, but distinct tail of the dorsal sepal similar to that of P. olivaceum,

and the tails of the lateral sepals are thickened and subclavate also similar to those

of P. olivaceum. From P. olivaceum, it differs in translucent white sepals, and thick

instead of slender tails of the lateral sepals. The appearance of the flower is more

like P. nutibara than P. olivaceum. From both of them, it differs with a low, longi-

tudinal callus of the lip.

st parsonsii Luer, sp. n Fig. 12.

Ety.: Ronald L. Parsons, Jr., of Daly City, "tea who cultivates this species.

— s haec Porroglosso echidno (Rchb.f.) Candy alms see core lateralium caudis late

expansis brevioribus, synsepa i mento compress

Not WwWEIN GA YY ilavit.

Plant medium in size for the genus, crests enisnytie caespitose; roots thickly oo Rami-

cauls erect, stout, 10-12 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath and another at the base. Leaf erect,

thickly coriaceous, petiolate, 6 cm long including the petiole 1 mm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.5

cm wide, narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a successively flowered, congested raceme,

borne at the apex of an erect, densely pubescent peduncle to 12 cm long, with a bract about midway from

the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 5-6 mm long; pedicels 7 mm _ long;

254 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ovary densely short-spiculate, 5 mm long; sepals verrucose and tan with purple veins externally, gla-

brous and purple-brown within, the dorsal sepal obovate, 7 mm long, 6 mm wide expanded, 3-veined,

connate to the lateral sepals for 4 mm to form a compressed cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into an

erect, cylindrical tail 1 mm thick, that is narrowest in the lower quarter, ca. 14 mm long, the lateral sepals

saan a oblong, oblique, 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, connate 6 mm to form an acute, deeply concave

ntum below the free extension of the column-foot, the apices oblique, acuminate, contracted into

ey expanded tails 14 mm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal, all tails orange, suffused with dark

purple; petals translucent, subovate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide below the middle, narrowed above an

obtuse angle on the lower margin, the tip rounded; lip dark purple, the blade cuneate, 4 mm long, 2 mm

wide near the truncate apex, long-fimbriate at the apex, with a narrowly sulcate cavity within the apex,

the the lower two-thirds of the blade filled with an erect, compressed, rounded, subverrucose callus, the

base extended into a slender, straplike claw bent with tension about the free apex of the column-foot;

column semiterete, 2 mm long, the slender foot 4 mm lon

COLOMBIA: without collection data, obtained from a Colombian collector, in 2004, flowered in cultiva-

tion by Ron Parsons in Daly City, California, April 2006, Turkel, C. Luer 20985 (Holotype: MO).

This Colombian species is closely allied to Porroglossum echidnum (Rchb.f.)

Garay, a well-known species from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Both spe-

cies are characterized by rigid, subverrucose leaves, and a longer peduncle, covered

by a dense, long pubescence, that bears a successively flowered raceme. Instead of

brown or green, the sepals of P. parsonsii are tan externally with purple veins, and

deep purple-brown within. Instead of more or less rounded, the sepaline cup of P.

parsonsii is compressed, and with a deep, acute mentum. Instead of curving

downward, the somewhat shorter and narrower sepaline tails of P. parsonsii expand

widely and curve more or less upward.

Baste sijmii Luer, sp. n Fig. 13.

Ety med for Antonius P. Sijm of Pines the Netherlands, who collected this species.

s haec Porroglosso condylosepalo Sweet affinis, sed flore majore, ovario non torto, sepalo

dorsali ae ecaudato, et labelli callo bones erecto differt.

medium in size for the genus, epiphyti ts slender. Ramicauls erect, 8-10 mm

long, ane by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, faintly rugose, petiolate, 3-4 cm long

including the petiole ca. 1.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 10-12 mm wide, cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence a successively few-flowered raceme, the flowers resupinate, borne by an

erect, smooth, slender peduncle 8-9.5 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul;

floral bracts tubular, imbricating, 5 mm long; pedicel 5 mm long; ovary not twisted, 3-4 mm long; sepals

purple, glabrous, the middle sepal obovate, concave, 9 mm long, 4.25 mm wide unexpanded, connate to

the lateral sepals for 4 mm, the apex thick, obtuse, minutely verrucose, the lateral sepals oblong-ovate, 9

mm long, 8 mm wide, connate to each other 4 mm behind the free apex of the column-foot, the broadly

obtuse apices contracted into thick tails ca. 3 mm long and 2 mm wide; petals oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2

mm wide, with acute marginal angles on both margins, the apex thickened; lip glabrous, the blade thick,

triangular, truncate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral angles obtuse, the apex transverse with a short,

obtuse, sulcate apiculum, the base with an erect, biconical callus, the blade deflexed at the base into a

straplike claw bent with tension around the free apex of the column-foot; column stout, semiterete, 2.5

mm long, the foot 4 mm long, the stigma with a pair of pointed processes.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: near Yangana, alt. ca. 2500 m, 30 Aug. 2004, 7. Sijm, A. Sijm, et al.

240915 ce MO), C. Luer illustr. 201010.

This species is most similar to Porroglossum condylosepalum Sweet, both

species occurring on the eastern slopes of Ecuador, but P. sijmii is found in the

southernmost part while P. condylosepalum occurs in central Ecuador. Porroglos-

sum sijmii, differs with a larger flower borne on a non-twisted ovary. The dorsal

sepal of P. sijmii terminates in a thick, verrucose apex, instead of a short, thick tail.

The tails of the lateral sepals are similar. The lip also differs from that of P. condy-

losepalum with a tall, erect callus at the base of the blade.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIDINAE 255

oe persicina Luer & Hirtz, sp. n Fig. 14.

.. From the Latin percicinus, “‘peach- ne referring to the color of the oye Pe

gs ee entre sae fa ha Luer & R.Escobar similis, sed fl icino et

J J r rr” wt

lab PS distinguitur

seeaiedions in size or large, saenuae: sods ge roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 8-9 cm long,

sale by 7-8 thin, whitish, loose, obliquely acute, compressed, more or less ee intensely

dark-spotted sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elipucet ovate, acute, 6-7 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, the base

broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted into ca. 0.5 cm long. te orcdeee a Sues

flower, produced successively i in a fascicle up the back side of the leaf; peduncle slender, 4-5 cm long;

narrowly ovate below the middle, attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 40 mm

long, 3 mm wide at the base, 5-veined, the lateral sepals connate to near the apex into a shallowly con-

cave, elliptical-obovate, shortly bifid lamina, the tips acute, appearing solid light yellow-orange, but the

longitudinal veins are slightly darker and coalescing, the margins narrowly yellow-white, 42 mm long,

16 mm wide expanded, 14-veined; petals membranous, translucent white, with the midvein and margins

purple, narrowly linear-triangular, attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 20 mm

neck; column rose-white, slender, clavate, 5 mm long, the base pedestal-like, with a pair of obtuse calli.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: near Zumba, alt. 1500 m, collected and flowered in cultivation by

Scea. Qualaceo, 27 July 2004, A. Hirtz 8915 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20983.

This large-flowered species is most similar to Restrepia cuprea Luer &

R.Escobar of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Vegetatively, it is similar to

many species, including those with darkly spotted cauline sheaths. The flower,

borne by a peduncle about half the length of the leaf, is basically similar to those of

Section Restrepia. The synsepal is four centimeter long, and solidly colored pale

yellow-orange with even paler margins. The longitudinal veins are slightly darker

as stripes with the color coalescent between, as seen in the solid copper color of R.

cuprea. The pyriform lip is similarly peach-colored with a darker, central stripe.

te ais jostii Luer & Dalstrém, sp. n Fig. 15.

med for Cerro Sipapoa, the tepui where nee was 5 otic

species haec RELEROSEIPINGIS | pemel ata’ few ae —- planta minore, pedicellis longioribus et

b ella

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender 12-19 mm long,

enclosed by 4 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly

elliptical, acute, 7-8 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole less than 1 mm long.

Inflorescence a loose, distichous, flexuous, simultaneously 5- to 6-flowered raceme, to 2 cm long, in-

cluding the filiform peduncle 0.5 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1 mm long;

pedicels 3-5 mm ee a“ 0.5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, glabrous, membranous, subcarinate, the

orsal sepal ovate and concave ne the middle, acute, 5.5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide expanded, . veined,

the lateral eae n oe triangular, 5 mm long, 0.1.6 mm wide together, = l-veined, connate 3 mm;

petals translucent, elliptical- ae obtuse, oblique, 2.75 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 1-veined; ip Manta,

ovate-trilobed, 3.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across the lobes, the apical lo i suboblong, round and cellu-

lar at the apex, the lateral lobes below the middle, erect, broadly obtuse, the disc shallowly anaes

toward the truncate base, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther subapical,

the stigma ventral, the foot nearly 1 mm lon

UADOR: Pastaza: along Rio Anzu, alt. 1450 m, 23 December 2002, S. Dalstrém & L. Jost 2751

(Holotype: MO).

This tiny species is another of several others of the genus that are related to the

frequent, widely distributed, and variable Trichosalpinx intricata (Lindl.) Luer. Of

these, it is most similar to 7: lamellata Luer, but it is smaller vegetatively, and with

a lip completely devoid of any callus.

256 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

20999 Ae

5mm 5 mm 5 cm

Fig. 1. Acianthera rinkei

Fig. 3. Acronia pyelophera Fig. 4. Acronia tobarii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

25]

Fig. 7. Dracula saulti

Fig. 8. Dryadella marilyniana

258

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 11. Porroglossum marniae

NOOR STF

ESE tse Aan

t t ie? aol: \ .

s i TERRE RP aU Pay AIX

Fig. 12. Porroglossum parsonsii

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 259

_ 3mm

Fig. 14. Restrepia persicina

Fig. 15. Trichosalpinx jostii

260 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ADDENDA TO SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Since the last addenda to the Systematics of Masdevallia in Icones Pleurothalli-

dinarum XXVII, some of the subgenera of Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. have been

elevated to generic status (Luer, 2006). To retain the continuity of the Systematics

of Masdevallia, the new species referable to the newly proposed genera will be

treated in the same format, so that the pages may be removed and added to their

respective volumes. The pages are numbered to indicate places for insertion, 1.e.,

41a. to precede 41.

Alaticaulia royi Luer, new species

Luzama gemmula Luer & V.N.M. Rao, new species

Masdevallia gastrodes Luer & Sijm, new species

Masdevallia ivanii Luer & V.N.M. Rao, new species

Masdevallia magaliana Luer & V.N.M. Rao, new species

Masdevallia nijhuisiae Luer & Sijm, new species

Spilotantha ferrusii Luer, new species

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 261

(165a.)

Alaticaulia one Luer, sp. nov

y.: Nam ae en of Great Missenden,

cultivates this spec

Ww b 1

, England, who imported and

haec Alaticauliae mezae (Luer) Luer persimilis, sed habitu duplomajori, petalis subtriangu-

laribus aici: supra basim obtuse angulatis, et labello ad apicem acute incurvo apiculato differt.

Plant large, epiphytic, Fae ages roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, stout, 4-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3

loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, che elliptic, 20 cm long eee the petiole 3-

4 cm long, the blade subacute to obtuse, 2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a strong, erect, triquetrous peduncle to 25 cm oa. bearing a subcongested, nes flowered

raceme, 0.5 cm between flowers, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts

tubular, 1.5-2 cm long; pedicels 3-4.5 cm long; ovary 5-6 mm long; flowers red-purple; sepals glabrous,

the dorsal sepal ovate, 13-15 mm long, 6-7 mm wide at the stoma of the tube, 3-veined, connate to the

cm long, the lateral sepals, oblong, 20-25 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 6-7 mm basally,

obliquely obtuse at the apex, the apices contracted into tails 3.5-5 cm long; petals cartilaginous, ovate-

triangular, 6 mm long, 2 wide, 3 mm wide above the base at prominent, obtuse angle on the lower

margin, and a lower, more obtuse angle on the upper margin, with a low, rounded callus above the base,

the apex obliquely obtuse, microscopically erose; lip pandurate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the epichile 2

m long, with the sides recurved and the apiculate apex acutely decurved, the hypochile ob-

long, featureless, hinged beneath; column semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 3.5 mm long including a

short, incurved extension.

PERU: without collection data, purchased from

Manuel Arias in Lima by Roy Barrow, cultivated at

Royden Orchids, Great ey soa Buckingham-

shire, Pe April 2006, R. Barrow s.n. (Holotype:

ee er illustr. 21012: on tivated by Manuel

Ari ais Dea an 18-06 (Holotype: ; Isotype: MO),

C. ae illustr. 21015.

This species is very similar to Alati-

caulia mezae (Luer) Luer, except for its

greater size, both being natives of Peru.

Both species bear a slowly successive

raceme of long-tailed pale yellow-green

flowers with the sepals minutely dotted

with purple. Alaticaulia royi 1s also relat-

ed to A. cinnamomea (Rchb.f.) Luer with

equally large flowers, but the flowers are

browm externally, dotted with brown

internally, and produced simultaneously in

a few-flowered raceme. The petals and lip

of A. royi are more similar to those of A.

cinnamomea than to A. mezae.

962 | ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(166a)

Plate 675. Alaticaulia royi

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 263

(315a.)

Luzama gemmula Luer & V.N.M. Rao, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin gemmula, “‘a little gem,”’ referring to its pleasant qualities.

Species gs abiced neon Ge oo) us =“, sed habitu minore, foliis minute verruculosis,

pedunclo folio breviore s obtusis differt.

Plant very small, evsince caspiton roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, 2-5 mm long, enclosed by 1-

2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, minutely verrucose, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 18-25

purple, diffusely Ppa ‘glandular within, the dorsal sepal held forward, ovate, acute, shallowly con-

cave, 8 mm long, 5 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a shal-

low, sepaline aes the nee an broadly and obliquely elliptical, obtuse, 8 mm long, 5 mm wide,

connate 3 mm h 3-veined, the apices obtuse; petals greenish white, cartilaginous, more or less

narrowly ovate, tee at the apex, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the labellar margin with a low,

broad, obtuse process between the middle and basal thirds; lip purple-brown, elliptical, obtuse, slightly

arcuate, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, shallowly concave centrally, the disc featureless, the base truncate,

shallowly notched, hinged beneath; column — white, semiterete, 3 mm long, the foot 3.5 mm long

with a proportionately long, incurved extensio

UADOR: Morona-Santiago: without specific

oe alt. ca. 1200 m, purchased from Ecuagenera,

ered in cultivation in Wilmington, DE, 14 Feb,

2006, by M. Rao 216 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer il-

lustr. 20998.

This pretty, little species from south-

eastern Ecuador, is closely related to

Luzama mentosa (Luer) Luer from east- —

central Ecuador. It is distinguished from

the latter by a smaller habit and a peduncle

shorter than minutely verrucose leaves.

Except for the smaller size, the pale rose

flowers variously suffused with purple are

superficially similar. The petals are acute

with a low, obtuse callus, and the lip is

simply elliptical and obtuse.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(316a)

Plate 676. Luzama gemmula

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 265

(573a.)

ae tana Luer & Sijm, s

e Greek gastrodes, “‘potbellied,”’ nee to the sepaline tube.

a r species subsectionis Masdevalliae, planta mediocris flore parvo, sepalorum tubo ad basim

inflato, eee lamina tenui cum processu gracili incurvo et labello leviter obovato ad apicem acutis-

simo incurvo distinguitur

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-1.2 cm long, en-

closed by 1-2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5 cm long including a petiole ca. 1.5 cm

long, the blade ahi obtuse, 1.7 ¢ wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a solitary

flower borne by a slender, erect Laie ne 5 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the

ramicaul; floral ahi bular, m long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals glabrous, the

€

tail 16 mm long, the lateral sepals pale rose, more or less oblong, concave in the basal third, 11 mm

long, 10 mm wide together, connate ca. 5 mm across a transverse fold, each 3-veined, the apices obtuse,

contracted into slender, descending tails 14 mm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white,

thinly cartilaginous, more or less oblong, broader below the middle, acute at the apex, the labellar margin

with a thin lamella ending at the base with a slender, acute, retrorse process, 5 mm - ng, 1.8-2.5 mm

wide; lip oblong-obovate, thin, arcuate, with the apex recurved, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex

acute, with a minute, midline, apical lobule, the disc thickened in the basal third, aie concave

bove, otherwise featureless, the bottom surface with a thin, midline keel along the midvein; the base

truncate, hinged beneath; column semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 4 mm long including a free, incurved

extension.

ECUADOR: Bolivar: without collection data, flow-

ered in cultivation at Orchideeénkwerkerij, Venhui- ti

zen, the Netherlands, Oct. 2005, T. Sijm 260115 ao

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20997.

This species of Masdevallia subsection

Masdevallia, is medium in size with a

single, small flower borne by an erect

peduncle about as long as the leaf. The

sepaline tube is swollen toward the base

by an inflated chin separated from a

secondary chin by a deep, transverse fold.

The tails are about equal in length and a

little longer than the blades. The longitu-

dinal callus of the petal is thin and termi-

nates in a narrow, recurved tooth-like

process. The lip is obovate with an acute

apex out of view because of the acute

deflexion.

266 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(574a)

Plate 677. Masdevallia gastrodes

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 267

(845a.)

ae etry ivanii Luer & V.N.M. Rao, sp.

nov.

med for Ivan Portilla of Gualaceo, Ecuador, who collected and cultivated this species.

n ecies Masdevalliae subsectionis Caudatae, sepalis anguste ovatis longicaudatis, oo cum

processu a basali descendenti cum callo ae. a labello ovato canalliculato distinguitur

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3.5-6 cm long including the blackish

petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. In-

florescence a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 6 cm long, with a bract near the base,

from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 7 mm long; pedicel 10 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals

yellow, diffusely and minutely dotted with purple brown, diffusely cellular-glandular, the dorsal sepal

narrowly ovate, shallowly concave, 14 mm long, 6 mm wide expanded, incompletely 5-veined, connate

to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a shallow, sepaline cup, the apex obtusely, abruptly contracted into

a slender, sail directed yellow tail 3 cm long, the lateral sepals obliquely ovate, 13 mm long, 7 mm

wide, connate 2 mm, each 3-veined, the apices obliquely acute, contracted into slender, yellow tails

similar to al of the dorsal sepal; petals white, cartilaginous, more or less triangular, narrowly acute at

the apex, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide above the middle, 3.5 mm wide below the middle across a broad,

obtuse, descending process, the labellar margin thickened with a broad, incurved, arcuate callus onto the

descending process; lip yellow with rose veins, oblong, thin, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, shallowly concave

below the apex, the apex truncate, shortly recurved, with three, narrow calli, the disc sulcate medially

between a pair of thin, longitudinal calli down the middle, the base obtuse, thickened, hinged beneath;

column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 4 mm long including a long, free, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del

Condor, Manchinaza, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by

type: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20989

This species with its narrowly ovate

sepals diffusely dotted with purple-brown

is superficially similar to Masdevallia

triangularis Lindl., but the petals and lip

are distinctive. The petals are narrowly

acute at the apex, and below the middle a

thick obtuse process descends. The lip is

held erect on an elongated column-foot.

The disc is thickly rounded at the base,

developing into a pair of parallel calli all

the way to the recurved apex.

268 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(846a)

Plate 678. Masdevallia ivani

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 269

(625a.)

Masdevallia magaliana Luer & V.N.M. Rao sp. n

Ety.: Named for Magali Portilla de Acaro, sister of J osé Dain and wife of Ivan Acaro, co-collector

of this species.

Species haec Masdevalliae medinae Luer & J.J.Portilla affinis, sed sepalis glabris flavescentibus

majoribus minus connatis ad apicem oblique acutis cum caudis gracilibus longioribus, petalis infra

medium crassicallosis et labello oblongo tenui differt

nt medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-4 cm long,

cect by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 11-14 cm long including the petiole 3-4

cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-2.4 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle 11 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 15-20 mm long; ovary 5-7 mm long; sepals yellow,

glabrous, the dorsal sepal suboblong, concave, 30 mm long, 12 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, connate to

the lateral sepals for 12 mm to form an ovoid, sepaline cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a

slender, yellow tail 4.5-5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 27 mm long, connate 10 mm, each

12 mm wide, 3-veined, the apices obliquely short-acuminate, contracted into slender, yellow tails similar

to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, cartilaginous, more or less triangular, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide,

the base obtuse, thickened, hinged Denealn, colar Auntie semiterete, with a thin, purple margin, 5 mm

long, the foot 4 incurve

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del

Condor, Manchinaza, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by

Hugo Medina and Ivan Acaro, cultivated by Ecua-

genera in Gualaceo, and subsequently flowering in

Wilmington, DE, 18 May 2005, M. Rao 182 (Holo-

type: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20929.

This species was collected in the

Cordillera del Condor mixed with others,

one of which flowered at Ecuagenera, and

was described as Masdevallia medinae

Luer & J.J.Portilla. Grown together at

Ecuagenera, differences were noted by

Malli Rao, who eventually flowered one

he thought different in his collection in

Wilmington, Delaware.

Masdevallia magaliana differs from

M. medinae by a larger habit, and a larger,

yellow flower minutely dotted with purple

within, and with longer tails. The dorsal

sepal is not deeply concave as in M.

medinae, and the apices of the lateral

sepals are obliquely short-acuminate in-

stead of rounded. The differences of the

petals and lip are not significant.

270 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(626a)

Plate 679. Masdevallia magaliana

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 271

(86 1a.)

ie hae nijhuisiae Luer & Sijm, s

.. Named for Adriana Sijm nee Nijhuis, co- eG of this species.

oe species Masdevalliae subsectionis Caudatae, pedunculo quam foliis longiore, sepalis flavis

ve neon ae aun eka Se ae ve in pre oa minus connatis, petalis

sali retrorsi, et labello elliptico ad apicem decurvo calloso

enclosed . 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf cect, coriaceous, 67 cm long including a setiole 1.5-2 cm

long, the blade broadly elliptical, obtuse, 2-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

solitary flower borne by a slender, erect Sine 10 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the

ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10 mm long; pedicel 22 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals glabrous,

yellow, suffused with red in a broad band below the middle, the dorsal sepal broadly obovate, concave,

22 mm long, 15 mm wide, 5-veined, connate 13 mm to the lateral sepals to form an obovoid, sepaline

cup, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender, rose colored tail 3 cm long, the lateral sepals

ovate, oblique, 22 mm long, 12 mm wide, connate 10-11 mm, each 3-veined, the apices obliquely obtuse,

contracted into slender tails 2.5 cm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, cartilaginous,

more or less oblong, broader below the middle with a triangular, retrorse process, 6 mm long, 2 mm

wide, 4 mm wide at the base, the apex rounded or obscurely lobulate, the labellar margin slightly thick-

ened to the base of the process; lip dark rose, oblong, thin, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex con-

tracted into a narrow, decurved lobule with a midline callus, the disc shallowly concave below the apex,

thickened at the base, beneath; column red, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 3 mm long including

a free, incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Azuay: Nudo del Portete, road to Jima

above Cumbe, alt. 3300 m, 27 Aug. 2004, collected

Netherlands, T. Sijm 25014 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer

illustr. 20987.

This species was collected at a high

altitude in southern Ecuador mixed with

Masdevallia corderoana Lehm. &

Kraenzl. Until now, only one plant of M.

nijhuisiae has flowered. It is distinguished

by a short, wide leaf, and a single yellow

flower with the sepals slender-tailed and

connate to near the middle. Within, the

sepals are suffused with a broad, red band

just within the sepaline cup. A triangular

callus of the petals extends backward. The

lip is oblong with the tip contracted into a

deflexed lobule.

Dae ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

(862a)

Plate 680. Masdevallia nijhuisiae

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA ZI

(1141a.)

oe ferrusii Luer, sp. n

med for Mario Ferrusi of een Ontario, who imported and cultivates this species.

Inter species Spilotatanthae Luer, planta grandis, racemo erecto laxe multifloro, ovario non cristato,

sepalis atrobruneo maculatis intus spa) eae eae dorsal prominde concavo, petalis

acuminatis sparsim longiciliatis, et |

Plant large for the genus, presumably eisai. acciteee: roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-4

cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 13-16 cm long including a pe-

tiole 4-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, acute, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores-

cence a nearly simultaneously several- to many-flowered raceme 10-17 cm long, borne by an erect

peduncle 11-15 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract infundibu-

lar, slightly inflated, 5 mm long; pedicel 5 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals sparsely long-pubescent

within, the dorsal sepal dull green, marked with spots and transverse bars in dark purple-brown, subor-

bicular, broadly rounded, deeply concave, 9 mm long, 9 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, connate 3 mm

to the lateral sepals to form a shallow tube with a rounded chin, the apex contracted into an ascending,

slender tail ca. 12 mm long, the lateral sepals yellow toward the base, white toward the tip, marked with

brown and transverse bars, oblong, concave basally, 12 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 2 mm, 3-veined,

the apices subacute, contracted into slender, descending tails 17 mm long, similar to that of the dorsal

sepal; petals translucent white, originating from the middle of the column, thinly cartilaginous, elliptical,

acuminate, acute, the margins sparsely long-fimbriate, 3 mm long, 2.25 mm wide; lip white, yellow

toward the apex, pandurate-oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex rounded, the sides thick and

incurved medially with the edges meeting in the middle, concave below the involuted margins; the base

cordate, peel beneath; column semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long including a short, thick,

incurved extensi

ECUADOR: Without collection data, obtained from

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, flowered in cultiva-

tion in Fenway, Ontario, Canada, Mar. 2006, M.

Ferrusi s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21002.

Superficially similar to Spilotantha

polysticta (Rchb.f.) Luer and its many

relatives, this species differs in all the

floral parts. The deeply concave, subor-

bicular, dorsal sepal and twice smaller

lateral sepals are marked in dark brown

and sparsely long-pubescent within, each

trichome being mounted upon a minute

pustule. The apex of the sparsely fringed

petals is acute and acuminate. The lip is

oblong and pandurate, caused by an inver-

sion of the margins that meet near the

middle, very unlike any other member of

the genus.