SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS

RESTREPIA (ORCHIDACEAE)

In the first tome of Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, based on the collections

and data from the expedition of Humboldt and Bonpland between 1799 and 1803,

and published in 1816 by Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, the genus Restrepia is

described. It is based on R. antennifera, collected late in 1801 near Pasto in the old

department of Cauca in southern Colombia. It is clearly illustrated with a line

drawing by Humboldt, and identical plants are locally abundant there today. The

concise criteria set forth for the genus are still valid; “Calyx sub-bilabiate, patulous;

lateral sepals connate; lip spurless, free, with two filiform processes at the base.

Column wingless. Anther terminal, operculate. Pollen masses four, waxy. Habit of

Pleurothallis ruscifolia .” The synsepal of R. antennifera is described as being

large, yellow and striped in red.

The first collection of a species of this genus was made by Ruiz & Pav6n about

1779 in forested mountains near Mufia in Hu&nuco in north central Peru. It was

published by them in 1798 as Humboldtia contorta. It was transferred to Stelis by

Persoon in 1807. In the Orchids of Peru Schweinfurth (1958) listed it as Stelis

contorta with the note that it was an unidentified species of Pleurothallis. In his

supplement of 1979, it was acknowledged as a species of Restrepia, but no transfer

to Restrepia was made. Examinations of flowers of subsequent collections also

made from near Mufia, the type-locality, reveal medium-sized flowers with a spot¬

ted synsepal and a denticulate, subpandurate lip. It represents a frequent, widely

distributed taxon that has been often identified as R. maculata Lindl.

Poeppig and Endlicher added the second species to the genus in 1835 from

another Peruvian collection, but this species, R. tentaculata, was correctly trans¬

ferred the following year by Lindley to Pleurothallis. In the same publication, the

Companion to the Botanical Magazine in 1836, Lindley attributed to Restrepia a

third species, R. guttulata, from a collection by Jameson near Quito, Ecuador,

distinguishing it from R. antennifera by what he thought were larger flowers, a

purple-spotted synsepal, and a lip “without filiform processes at the base.” These

minute processes were either missing or overlooked, and he surmised later in his

treatment of Restrepia (Lindley, 1859) that/?, guttulata might not be specifically

distinct from R. antennifera.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

For the lack of a better genus, Lindley added R. cucullata as a fourth epithet in

1845. It would not be until 1918 that an appropriate genus ( Barbosella ) for the

latter and its relatives would be proposed by Schlechter. Endres had suggested to

Reichenbach a half-century earlier that his collection described as R. prorepens [=

Barbosella prorepens (Rchb.f.) Schltr.] probably represented a new genus.

Again for the lack of a better genus, Lindley described R. parvifolia in 1846, but

13 years later he removed it to a new genus, Brachionidium. Also in 1846, Lindley

added/?, maculata from a collection by Linden near Bogota, Colombia. Restrepia

maculata also bears flowers with a large, puiple-spotted synsepal, but Lindley dis¬

tinguished it from the earlier/?, guttulata by black-spotted sheaths of the ramicaul, a

frequent character now known to occur in most species of the genus. Restrepia

maculata is considered here to be a large variation of/?, contorta , intermediate with

/?. guttulata.

In 1847, Karsten added /?. elegans, a similar but smaller plant with smaller

flowers from a Venezuelan collection. Over a century and a half ago, Lindley

already suggested that it is little more than a dwarf form of his /?. maculata. Re¬

strepia elegans was soon followed by other descriptions in the genus by Reichen¬

bach as well as other authors. Some would be transferred later to other genera such

as Barhnxpllfi Schltr

Ever since the second species was attributed to Restrepia, the genus has been in

chaos. Lindley himself contributed to the confusion in his treatment of Restrepia.

Apparently because of scanty or inadequately preserved material that was incorrect-

y interpreted, he, as well as other authors who followed, including Reichenbach,

confused species. Reichenbach also contributed to the confusion when he published

inXema Orchidaceae descriptions and illustrations of species different from the

^ t / pe ' Specimens - These P^lems have contributed greatly to

mSf T a S T ng ° Ut thC nameS of *** “ old ” specks. Also, not only

aremost of the flowers of types in pitiful condition, but some are absent from the

fimpc !!!fJ?? en ?, S begi ? with confusions by collectors themselves. Too many

under the same^eoTcnn s P ecime ns from different localities

Ocaflain MotXco 739 6rom the old department of

U»'~

distribution or sale InZ^h coUections “ order to complete sets for

plants W thout coital ZT herbana . old raixtures of collections, or cultivated

The fimSmeTof 1 ""T* moumed to * e,her “ “*= —•sheet

Lindley three P a *“ »y

species attributed to the true Restrain in t H b fly desc nbed the eight known

two nonconforming snecieTth t w tW ° Sectlons ’ and in a third section, the

er, 1918). Of the Inil8fcncd htBrt0 B ^bosella (Schlecht-

sheet clearly shows the fflifom, pnxtesses ^Ty^le 45 °" *°

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

The next treatment of the genus Restrepia was that of Schlechter in 1918, in

which he erected the genus Barbosella entirely from 14 species already attributed to

Restrepia. He briefly described in Restrepia three sections for the remaining 21

species. Unchallengingly accepting information gathered from preceding authors,

he listed five of the species in section Achaetochilus, believing that these species

did not possess the delicate labellar processes on the hypochile. These tiny process¬

es are anatomical features now known to be present in all species of Restrepia

(although modified in R. aberrans). In section Eurestrepia he listed 11 species

known to have the labellar processes, and in section Pleurothallopsis he included

those small-flowered species with very short peduncles as found in R. muscifera.

No satisfactory treatment of the genus has been published since that time.

Since the first species described in 1816, over 100 epithets have been attributed

to the genus including those in this work. Less than half that number remain in the

genus. The other species previously attributed to Restrepia have been removed to

Barbosella Schltr., Barbrodria Luer, Brachionidium Lindl., Chamelophyton Garay,

Dresslerella Luer, Pleurothallis R.Br., Restrepiella Garay & Dunst., and Restre-

piopsis Luer. The genus itself had been degraded to the synonymy of Pleurothallis

by L. O. Williams (1940).

Present in the Reichenbach herbarium at W (Vienna) are several specimens

accompanied by line drawings made around 1867 in Costa Rica by Endres, and sent

to Reichenbach annotated as Restrepia. For unexplained reasons Reichenbach did

nothing with most of the material. Endres 9, “Restrepia hirsuta,” was finally

described in 1923 by Schlechter as Pleurothallis pilosissima [=Dresslerella pilosis-

sima (Schltr.) Luer]. Endres 10, “Restrepia sarcophylla,” is P. testifolia (Sw.)

Lindl., at that time unknown in Central America, and later described by Schlechter

as Cryptophoranthus pectinatus. Endres 271, “Restrepia violacea,” is a purple-

flowered form of Barbosella prorepens (Rchb.f.) Schltr., the genus Barbosella not

being proposed until 1918. It was Endres 2618 that Reichenbach described as

Restrepia prorepens, for which Endres had suggested a new genus. Endres 4,

“Restrepia centereana,” was described a half century later by Schlechter as R.

subserrata (= R. trichoglossa). Endres 39, “Restrepia concinna,” is one of the

many variants of R. muscifera.

Other unpublished specimens at W annotated as Restrepia include “Restrepia

klabochorum,” a large-flowered form R. antennifera; “Restrepia sandersiana,” a

cultivated form of R. antennifera', and “Restrepia roezlii,” a collection of Pleur¬

othallis lappiformis Heller & L.O.Williams. A Colombian collection by Lehmann

of Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr. in several European herbaria is annotated in

Kranzlin’s handwriting “Restrepia cirrhopetaloides” as an intended name. Similar¬

ly, another Lehmann collection of B. cucullata was annotated “Restrepia isorhiza”

by KrSnzlin for a another proposed name.

The species of Restrepia are closely related and morphologically similar to each

other, and they are easily recognized as belonging to the genus. No species inter¬

mediate between Restrepia and another genus is known, except possibly the pre¬

sently described/?, aberrans. Herbarium specimens of Restrepia are notoriously

difficult to identify to species with accuracy. The same might also be said of many

living specimens, cultivated or wild.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Several distinct species are easily identified without any ambiguity. However,

many species are variable, even with intermediates between them and other species.

When only individuals of the extremes are considered, “identification” is “easy,”

but as more and more collections are seen, identification becomes uncertain and

increasingly difficult. A perplexing number of intermediate forms is eventually

encountered with overlapping similarities and variabilities. There are no distinct

morphological boundaries among some of the more frequent species, or species-

complexes (e.g. R. contorta and R. guttulata). No two populations of these com¬

plexes have identical flowers.

Hundreds of plants with collection data cultivated by Colomborqufdeas Ltda.

near El Retiro, above Medellin, Colombia, have been examined, many plants re¬

peatedly in an attempt to define the “old” species before “new” species can be

recognized. One of the biggest problems has been the fact that flowers preserved in

an alcoholic solution are rendered colorless, whereupon similar flowers become

indistinguishable. For this reason I had discounted color as a major specific charac¬

ter for many years.

Morphology

All species of Restrepia are densely caespitose plants recognized by a well-

developed ramicaul largely concealed by a series of more or less imbricating, dis¬

tichous sheaths that become more or less inflated and laterally compressed above.

The usually whitish sheaths, especially the lowermost, are frequently spotted or

dotted in black, sometimes in transverse bars. The size of the habit is very variable

in some species. Small growths with short ramicauls are not at all uncommonly

found mixed with much larger, robust ramicauls and leaves. The production of

“keikis,” or the proliferation of another ramicaul from the apex of a ramicaul,

occurs in practically all species albeit more frequently in some than in others.

The shape of the coriaceous leaf, usually elliptical or ovate, also varies consid¬

erably among various populations of some species, especially those of the R. musci-

/mz-complex. The rigid, conduplicate leaf of R. limbata is distinctive. Only the

thick, linear leaf of R. chocoensis varies considerably from all the rest

The short but distinct petiole of the leaf (except in R. chocoensis) twists up to

180 degrees so that the rising peduncle finds its way up the back side of the leaf.

The solitary, resupinate flower is borne by a slender, erect to arching peduncle

produced laterally without an annulus from near the apex of the ramicaul (the leaf-

stem abscission layer). The flower attains the resupinate position with the lip

lowermost by a backward bending of the flower on the peduncle. No twisting of the

ovary or pedicel occurs. The size of the flower seems constant in some species, but

it is variable within other species. Unusually large or gigantic flowers occur in

some populations, a phenomenon seen in some other pleurothallid genera (e.g.

Barbosella, Platystele and Pleurothallis).

A tubular floral bract encloses the short pedicel, usually about the same length.

Produced from near the adaxial end of the pedicel is a more or less elongated pro¬

cess, termed here the “filament” because it was called that by Ames. It is the

vestigial remnant of the next flower-bud, present to some degree in most, if not all,

single-flowered species or in the terminal flower of a raceme. It is not diagnostic.

Ames and Schweinfurth noticed it on a specimen of a common species from

Figure 1. Morphology of vegetative and floral parts of Restrepia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Panama, known as R. subserrata in the Flora of Panama, and redescribed it as R.

filamentosa. The term “filament” must not be confused with the slender, anther¬

bearing stalk of a non-orchidaceous flower.

The sepals are more or less membranous. The dorsal sepal is narrowly ovate,

five-veined with the three central veins close and suffused into a common central

stripe. Above, the sepal is attenuate and clavate at the apex (a character shared with

some species of Dresslerella, Dryadella Luer, Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., Pleur-

othallis, Porroglossum Schltr., Scaphosepalum Pfitz., and Trisetella Luer). Termed

an osmophore, the details of the clavate apex have been described and illustrated

with TEM photographs (transmission electron microscopy) (Pridgeon & Stem,

1983). The lateral sepals are connate into a more or less elliptic synsepal, concave

at the base, but the lamina varies from being concave to convex above the base.

The tips of the two lateral sepals sometimes split apart. Rarely, the synsepal

abnormally splits completely. The lateral sepals are lightly adherent or free in R.

aberrans, and normally free above the middle in R. chocoensis and R. schizosepala.

The length of the sepals varies from 10 millimeters to over five centimeters. Each

is at least six-veined, the synsepal appearing 13- to 19-veined with the central line

of connation. “Large-flowered” is defined by the synsepal exceeding three cen¬

timeters in length; “small-flowered” is defined by the synsepal being less than two

centimeters long; and “intermediate-sized” refers to those with flowers between.

The color of the synsepal is the most conspicuous feature of all the species. The

basic color of the synsepals varies from white, rose, purple, yellow, orange, or tan.

The additional red, purple, or brown pigmentation varies in combinations of suffu¬

sion, stripes, minute dots, or large spots, either scattered or in rows. Both spots and

stripes often coalesce. Stripes of the synsepals often break up into dots or spots

toward the base or toward the apex. Several species (e.g. R. chameleon, R. aristuli-

fera and R. trichoglossa) are characterized by random spots, spots in rows, and

distinct stripes. Spots and stripes often occur simultaneously.

Consideration has been given to the possibility that in Restrepia color could be a

significant specific, diagnostic character. How important a role, if any, does the

color play in enticing a specific pollinator? Are the colors and color-patterns really

attractions for or recognized by pollinators? Possibly so. Then the question of

‘what do insects see’ arises. In “black light” (ultraviolet), both striped and spotted

synsepals of all species observed glow a solid, bright red-orange or vermilion.

Nevertheless, the color and color-pattern of the synsepals of many taxa are so dis¬

tinctive, that I have decided to place more emphasis on color than I had before.

Assuming a greater importance of color simplifies some problems.

One dark night at Colomborquldeas, while returning some plants to their bench¬

es, I happened to glance into a flower of R. antennifera from directly in front. The

only light was from a single source far behind me in the black of night. I was star¬

tled to see a pair of tiny “head-lights” looking back at me. They resembled the

pair of glowing eyes of moths commonly seen around lights at night. Was this

flower trying to deceive a moth into believing a fellow moth was lurking within? A

closer examination reveals that this light is reflected from the polished, concave

surfaces on both sides at the base of the synsepal adjacent to the calli at the base of

the column-foot. All species examined reflect light in a similar manner. I am sure

that a full moon at night would create such a phenomenon. Could these reflecting

lights aid in enticing specific pollinators?

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

The petals are slender and clavate or antenna-like (a character shared with some

species of Dracula Luer, Dresslerella, Masdevallia, Myoxanthus Poepp. & Endl.,

and Pleurothallis). The clavate apices of the dorsal sepal and petals have been

assumed to function as osmophores (scent-producing glands). This subject has been

dealt with in detail by Vogel (1962), and Pridgeon and Stem (1983). Only a faint

scent is discernible in some species. The margins of the petals above the base are

thin and translucent, sometimes minutely serrate, or they may bear one or a few

microscopic, capillary processes. These processes may be prominent, absent, or

appear randomly in some species.

The lip is constant in basic morphology in all the species except for remarkable

modifications (or lack of modifications) in R. aberrans. The lip is commonly spot¬

ted, even in species with a striped synsepal. The lips of all species are more or less

oblong, obscurely, or distinctly, divided into an anterior epichile and a basal hy-

pochile. The epichile is usually longer and more or less flattened into an oblong

blade. In many species it is narrowed near or below the middle to create a pandu-

rate appearance. However, the narrowing can be caused or exaggerated by decurv-

ing of the margins so that it is more apparent than real. A pair of low call! extends

onto the epichile from the sides of the hypochile. The margins and surface of the

blade vary from glabrous to microscopically cellular to coarsely denticulate, or

fimbriate, and from verrucose to papillose. The degree of development of these

integumental processes is sometimes variable within a species. The hypochile is

smooth and concave with a pair of slender, delicate, narrowly triangular, marginal

process often with a hairlike termination. The base of the lip is inflexibly united by

a thick, cylindrical neck to the pedestal-like column-foot.

The column is slender, more or less clavate, with the anther and stigma ventral.

The anther cap is deciduous with four, free, equal-sized, ovoid pollinia in two pairs.

The viscidium is variable in size. A rostellar flap separates the pollinia from the

stigma on the undersurface of the column. A pair of rounded calli is present on the

broad foot, one at either side of the base of the column. They are often yellow and

conspicuous, which prompted Reichenbach to choose the name xanthophthalma for

a Guatemalan species that flowered in cultivation. Sometimes these calli are pubes¬

cent. I have drawn them many dozens of times, and each time I wonder what, if

any, the purpose of these strange features could be.

The ovary is smooth, lightly sulcate and, as in other pleurothallids, triloculate.

The center of distribution of the genus is in the high Andes of Colombia and

Ecuador, or from Venezuela into Peru. One frequent species-complex, from which

all others seem to emanate, dominates. This “mother” is the R. contorta- complex,

characterized by a medium-sized flower with a spotted synsepal and a subpandurate

lip with the epichile verrucose. Numerous named variations and cultivars are in¬

cluded, and with intermediates R. contorta grades into R. guttulata.

The question of how much variability to allow within a species always arises. If

each combination of minor variations were recognized, a flood of unmanageable,

new epithets would be required. The genus would become a far greater mass of

confusion than it has been. Nevertheless, several reproducing populations with

distinct or recognizable variations (e.g. R. cuprea ) are acknowledged here at the

specific level. Although some subde sense of order has seemed to emerge, a signif-

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

icant percentage of intermediates prevents a decisive solution to many of the prob-

The species of the Andes can be roughly grouped into those with “large”

flowers related to the striped R. antennifera and the spotted/?, guttulata ; those with

“intermediate-sized” flowers related to the striped R. brachypus and the spotted R.

contorta ; and those with “small” flowers related to the/?, trichoglossa- complex.

Easily recognized is /?. antennifera , the large-flowered species with a

yellow synsepal thinly striped in red or brown, and a large, oblong lip with smooth

or nearly smooth margins and surface. Restrepia guttulata is the large-flowered

taxon with variable spots of purple or brown on a rose to yellow synsepal and a

broad, oblong lip that is variably denticulate. Restrepia brachypus is the taxon with

medium-sized to large flowers with a yellow synsepal thinly striped in purple or

brown, similar to that of /?. antennifera , but with a denticulate, verrucose, subpan-

durate lip. Restrepia contorta is the taxon with medium-sized flowers with a brown

or purple-spotted synsepal and a verrucose, denticulate, subpandurate lip. Popula¬

tions merge with R. guttulata. Restrepia elegans is a smaller-flowered taxon very

similar to R. contorta. The most frequent of the small-flowered species is R

trichoglossa which occurs in numerous color-forms from spots to stripes.

As presently conceived, two complexes dominate Central America. The /?.

muscifera-complex consists of those familiar taxa with the variously spotted flowers

Mrtth a large-clubbed dorsal sepal that are borne by short peduncles near the base of

the back of the leaf. The /?. trichoglossa- complex consists of those taxa with deli¬

cate, pale yellow to pale rose flowers more or less spotted or thinly striped in brown

or red, and borne by peduncles about as long as the leaf. Although both complexes

are variable within themselves, forms intermediate between them are unknown.

Both complexes also intermingle in the adjacent Colombian Andes.

One of the most perplexing problems in the genus is the relationship of the

Central American species commonly known as /?. subserrata , and the Andean

species described as /?. leontoglossa and /?. trichoglossa. Among them there are no

peat specific differences, and, except for color, no significant difference at all. The

length of the sepals vanes from 15 to 25 millimeters, and the basic color varies from

yellow to rose, and they are variously spotted or striped with red, purple or brown

Some have both spots and stripes. The capillary processes near the base of the

K whh Tn t0 ^ ° f V£Uue - 7116 U P is slender >“ to 11 millimeters

^ 0W b ade commonl y toss than two millimeters wide, and with

vanouslyfnngedmargms. The oldest epithet is /?. trichoglossa.

Within and about the periphery of the broad distributions of the above taxa

combSs f °" S 7 evolvedsumcie " l| y with certain, more or ksHLS

SDecificallv Hklw r n ten ? tiCS WhlCh render ^ cognizable and probably

following treatment is the best that can be offered at this

S^de^f rr *"? m T hol °®' wd wMout too much guessing.

epiphytically in suitable, moist forests

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

in Pleurothallis as P. fimbrilabia C.Schweinf. Eight species are currently attributed

to Peru, and only two are known from Bolivia. No species is known from the An¬

tilles, the Guianas, or Brazil. The superficially similar Pleurothallis hemirhoda

Lindl. has been described in the genus three times.

Nothing is known about the pollination in Restrepia. Spontaneous hybrids have

occuned only very rarely among the thousands of plants cultivated under the same

circumstances of outdoor cultivation where spontaneous hybrids of Dracula and

Masdevallia abound (e.g. Colomborqufdeas near Medellin, Colombia).

Regardless of the difficulties in the taxonomy, this easily grown genus with

compararively large, colorful flowers is horticulturally desirable and immensely

popular among hobbyists worldwide. The following general advice on cultivation,

offered by Mr. & Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup, applies to equally well to all species of the

genus.

Cultivation of most species of the genus is relatively easy, and plants flower well.

Although they tolerate a wide range of temperatures, the ideal temperature at night is

between 50° and 65* Fahrenheit (between 10” and 18” Celsius), and during the day,

between 60” and 80” Fahrenheit (between 16” and 26” Celsius). Higher or lower temper¬

atures, if not prolonged, seem to pose no problem. There should be good circulation of

air and a humidity between 60% and 80%. Plants grow best in bright light, but not direct

sunlight. Most plants, however, will also grow

Plants grow very well in small plastic pots ii

potting mixture. They should be watered suf

pletely dry. Plants also grow well when mount

or sections of tree-branches, all the above with

Numerous divisions from plants cultivated by Ann Jesup are now present in

many collections, not only in the United States, but in South America and Europe as

well. For the convenience in identification the following most significant plants

that bear “AJ” numbers are as follows:

R. antennifera 27,69,118,142.

R. aristuUfera 47,63,98.

R. brachypus 14,46,52,62,70,77,87,109,123.

R. chameleon 50,56,64,82, 83,85,90,91.

R. contorta 3,49,76,80,81,92,

R. cuprea 48.

R. dodsortii 31,39,40.

R. echo 21.

R. elegans 1,15,43,100.

R. ephippium 95.

R.falkenbergii 68.

R.flosculata 124.

R. guttulata 9,10,17,18,19,26,34,51,55,71,

73,86,89,93,96,99,102,104,110,121,131,137.

R. iris 122,125,126,127,128,129.

R.jesupiana 16,35.

R. lankesteri 8,107.

R. lansbergii 7.

R. limbata 75.

R. muscifera 13,22,23,36,42,101,108.

R. nittiorhyncha 54,72.

R.pelyx]2/IA.

R. sanguinea 33,79,88.

R. teaguei 94.

R. trichoglossa 2,5,24,25,28,30,37,38,45,57.

R. vasquezii 61.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Identifications in Orchids of Venezuela, an Illustrated Field Guide volume 3 are

mostly incorrect. The following is a list of changes indicating how these species are

presently viewed.

Page 884, as Restrepia antennifera is Restrepia brachypus.

Page 885 , Restrepia aristulifera is correct.

Page 886, a s Restrepia aspasicensium is Restrepia elegans.

Page SSI, Restrepia elegans is correct.

Page 888, as Restrepia erythroxantha is Restrepia jesupiana

Page 889, as Restrepia guttulata is Restrepia contorta.

Page 890, as Restrepia hemsleyana is Restrepia antennifera.

Page 891 , Restrepia lansbergii is correct.

Page 892, as Restrepia nittiorhyncha is Restrepia wageneri.

Page 893, as Restrepia schlimii is Restrepia roseola.

Page 894, as Restrepia wageneri is Restrepia trichoglossa

ci 8 Si n ° teS ^ AMES ^ ** lMt &"*** 76J > that it was imported fn

Identifications in the Orchidaceae, part 2, of the Flora of Venezuela follow:

Page 17, Fig. 190, Restrepia elegans is correct

llll l 9 .' l ig - 35 te^Pia erythroxantha is Restrepia jesupiana.

„ age t ' lg - 192 ’ 38 Restre P ia guttulata is Restrepia contorta.

Page 22, Fig. 193A, Restrepia lansbergii is correct.

Page 22, Fig. 193B, Restrepia wageneri is correct.

>hs published in Native Colombian Orchids,

Page 485, No. 547, Restrepia cuprea

Page 486, No. 548, Restrepia contorta

Page 486, No. 549, Restrepia contorta

Page 487, No. 550, Restrepia chameleon

Page 488, No. 551 , Restrepia antennifera

Page 488, No. 552, Restrepia falkenbergii

Page 489, No. 553, Restrepia pelyx

Page 489, No. 554, Restrepia citrina

ssssss:

Page 490, No. 557, Restrepia echinata

Page 491, No. 558, Restrepia sanguinea

Page 491, No. 559, Restrepia limbata

Page 491, No. 560, Restrepia guttulata

age 492, No. 561 , Restrepia aristulifera

Page 493, No. 562, Restrepia muscifera

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

* Mex = Mexico; CA = Central America; CR = Costa Rica; Pan = Panama; Col = Colombia; Veai = Venezuela;

Ecu = Ecuador, Bol = Bolivia.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Type: Restrepia antenntfera H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:367,1816.

Ely.: Named in honor of Jose Manuel Restrcpo, bom in Envigado, Antioquia, in 1782, hist

wa7a forf^ 0n E^ ) ^ r R >ably mCt “ a student in 1801 “ Bogota.

Syn.: Pleurothallis R.Br. sect Restrepia (H.B.K.) LO.Williams, Bot Mus. Leafl. 8:143,1!

Syn.: Pleurothallis R.Br. series Restrepiae (H.B.K.) L.O.Williams, Ceiba 2: 89,1965.

more or less twisted petiole. Inflorescence a fasdd“of^ss r ° Und ti!l 1 ^ * ubcord ^’ contracted into a

striped, the dorsal sepal free more or If **?, cons P lcuous » membranous, variously spotted or

• ’ eM erect * smooth ' narmw,v “ M lated above the

nate to near the

tely pubescent.

Pleura,hallopsisx flower ^ ^ back of the leaf (section

ncstrepiasubgcn. Ecmeles Luer, subgen. n

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Restrepia subgen. Pachymeles (Garay) Luer, stat. et subgen. nov.

Bas.: Restrepia sect Pachymeles Garay, Orquideologi'a 8:181,1973.

Type: Restrepia chocoensis Garay, Orquideologi'a 8: 181,1973.

Ety.: From the Greek pachymeles, “thick extremities,” referring to the thickened leaves, and the

thickened apices of die lateral sepals.

This monotypic subgenus is characterized by the narrow, thickly coriaceous,

sessile leaves, and the elongate, thickened, free apices of the lateral sepals.

Restrepia subgen. Restrepia

Type: R. antermifera H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:367,1816.

Syn.: Restrepia sect Mortophyllae Lindl., Folia Orchidacea Restrepia 1,1839.

Lectotype here designated: R. antermifera H.B.K.

Ety.: From the Greek mortophyllae “unifoliate,” referring to the solitary leaf as opposed to the multi-

leaved, caespitose habit of the other section composed of two species of Barbosella. Lindley

Syn.: Restrepia sect Eurestrepia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15:264,1918.

Lectotype here designated: R. antermifera H.B.K.

Ety.: The prefix eu-, “true,” indicating the taxon that includes the type.

Syn.: Restrepia sect Achaetochilus Schltr., Repert Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15:264,1918.

Lectotype here designated: R. guttulata Lindl.

This subgenus contains all the species of the genus except for two exceptional

species which have been segregated into monotypic subgenera. All the species of

subgenus Restrepia are closely allied and basically similar. The subgenus is subdi¬

vided into two sections, based more or less on the direction and length of the

peduncle.

Restrepia subgen. Restrepia sect. Pleurothallopsis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov.

Regni Veg. 15: 264,1918.

Ety.: Named for the similarity of the species to Pleurothallis R. Br.

Lectotype here designated: Pleurothallis muscifera Lindl. = Restrepia muscifera (Lindl.) Rchb.f. ex

Lindl

Syn.: Restrepia subgen. Pleurothallopsis (Schltr.) Mohr, LeafL Schltr. Instit. 2:7,1996.

This section is recognized by short, erect peduncles (usually less than half the

length of the leaf) that bear the flower against the backside of the base of the leaf.

The habit and flowers are too similar to those of sect Restrepia to be segregated at

the subgeneric level.

Restrepia subgen. Restrepia sect Restrepia

Type: R. antermifera H.B.K.

Syn.: Restrepia sect Schlimii Mohr, Leafl. Schltr. Instit 2:16,1996.

This section is characterized by an elongated, more or less flexible peduncle that

bears the flower above the middle, near, or beyond the apex of the leaf.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

EPITHETS PUBLISHED IN RESTREPIA

WITH LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Restrepia aberrans Luer .. Plate 1.

Restrepia angustilabia Schltr. = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia angustilabiasubsp. subserrata (Schltr.) Mohr = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia antennifera H.B.K..Plates 2., 3.

Restrepia antennifera var. angustifolia Kraenzl. = Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.)

Schltr.

Restrepia antennifera subsp. erythroxantha (Rchb.f.) Mohr = Restrepia elegans

Restrepia antennifera subsp. hemsleyana (Schltr.) Mohr = Restrepia antennifera

Restrepia antennifera subsp. klabochorum Mohr = Restrepia antennifera

Restrepia antennifera subsp. leontoglossa (Schltr.) Mohr = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia antennifera subsp. striata (Rolfe) Mohr = Restrepia brachypus

Restrepia antioquiensis Schltr. = Restrepia sanguinea

Restrepia apiculata Luer = Restrepia contorta

Restrepia aristulifera Garay & Dunst...4.

Restrepia aspasicensis Rchb.f. as aspasicensium .Plate 5.

Restrepia australis Cogn. = Barbosella australis (Cogn.) Schltr.

Restrepia biflora Regel = Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl.

Restrepia brachypus Rchb.f

. - Plates 6., 7.

Restrepia brachypus subsp. serrilabia (Schltr.) Mohr = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia caespitifica Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Barbosella prorepens (Rchb.f.) Schltr.

Restrepia caucana Schltr. = Restrepia contorta

Restrepia chameleon Luer & Escobar.Plate g

Restrepia chocoensis Garay.. '....Plate 9.

Restrepia chrysoglossa Luer & Escobar.. "".Plate 10

Restrepia citrina Luer & Escobar. Plate t ] *

Restrepia cloesii Luer..

Restrepia cogniauxiana Speg. & Kraenzl. = Barbosella cogniauriana (Speg &

Kraenzl.) Schltr.

Restrepia condorensis Luer & Escobar. Plate 13

Restrepia contorta (Ruiz &Pav.)Luei . . Plat^ 14. T5 T6 17 18

Restrepia crassifolia Edwall = Barbosella crassifolia (Edwall) Schltr

Restrepia cucullata Lindl. = Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr

Restrepia cuprea Luer & Escobar..

Restrepia cymbula Luer & Escobar

Restrepia dayana Rchb.f. = Restrepia muscifera

Restrepia dentata Rolfe = Restrepia aspasicensis

Restrepia dodsonii Luer..

Restrepia echmata Luer & Escobar.

Restrepia echo Luer & Escobar.

Restrepia ecuadorensis Rolfe = Resfrepiacontorta

Restrepia elegans H.Karst

Restrepia ephippium Luer.... .

Restrepia erythroxantha Rchb

Restrepia escobariana Luer..

Restrepia falkenbergii Rchb.f.

f. = Restrepia elegans

...Plates 24., 25.

.Plate 26.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Restrepia filamentosa Ames & C.Schweinf. = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia flosculata Luer.Plate 29.

Restrepia flosculata var. pallens Mohr & Herzum = Restrepia flosculata

Restrepia flosculata var. picta Mohr & Herzum = Restrepia flosculata

Restrepia flosculata subsp. picta (Mohr & Herzum) Mohr = Restrepia flosculata

Restrepia gardneri (Lindl.) Benth. = Barbosella gardneri (Lindl.) Schltr.

Restrepia guttulata Lindl. Plates 30., 31., 32., 33.

Restrepia hemsleyana Schltr. = Restrepia antennifera

Restrepia hypolepta (Lindl.) Rchb.f. = Pinelianthe hypolepta (Lindl.) Rauschert

Restrepia iris Luer. Plate 34.

Restrepia jesupiana Luer.Plate 35.

Restrepia kegelii Rchb.f. = Chamaelophyton kegelii (Rchb.f.) Garay

Restrepia lankesteri Ames & C Schweinf Plate 36.

Restrepia lansbergii Rchb.f. & Wagener.Plate 37., 38.

Restrepia lansbergii var. wageneri Eaton = Restrepia wageneri

Restrepia lansbergii sensu Hook. = Restrepia muscifera

Restrepia lehmanniana (Kraenzl.) Schltr. = Homalopetalum lehmanniana

(Kraenzl.) Schltr

Restrepia leontoglossa Schltr = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia leopardina hort. ex Orchid Review = Restrepia elegans

Restrepia leopardina var. rosea hort. ex Orchid Review = Restrepia elegans

Restrepia liebmanniana Kraenzl. = Pleurothallis spectrilinguis Rchb.f.

Restrepia limbata Luer & Escobar.Plate 39.

Restrepia loefgrenii Cogn. = Barbosella australis (Cogn.) Schltr.

Restrepia lonchophylla Barb. Rodr. = Myoxanthus lonchophyllus (BarbRodr.) Luer

Restrepia maculata Lindl. = Restrepia contorta

Restrepia maculata subsp. ecuadorensis (Rolfe) Mohr = Restrepia contorta

Restrepia maculata subsp. robledorum (Braas) Mohr = Restrepia guttulata

Restrepia mendozae Luer. Plate 40.

Restrepia metae Luer.Plate 41.

Restrepia microphylla Barb. Rodr. = Barbosella gardneri (Lindl.) Schltr.

Restrepia miersii (Lindl.) Rchb.f. = Barbrodria miersii (Lindl.) Luer

Restrepia mohrii Braem.Plate 42.

Restrepia muscifera (Lindl.) Rchb.f. ex Lindl.Plates 43., 44., 45.

Restrepia muscifera subsp. shuttleworthii (Rolfe) Mohr = Restrepia muscifera

Restrepia nittiorhyncha (Lindl.) Garay.Plate 46.

Restrepia nuda Kl. = Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl.

Restrepia ophiocephala (Lindl.) Rchb.f. - Restrepiella ophiocephala (Lindl.)

Garay & Dunst.

Restrepia pandurata Rchb.f...Plate 47.

Restrepia pardina Lem. = Restrepia contorta

Restrepia parvifolia Lindl. = Brachionidium parvifolium (Lindl.) Lindl.

Restrepia pelyx Luer & Escobar.Plate 48.

Restrepia pilossissima (Schltr.) Ames & C.Schweinf. = Dresslerella pilosissima

(Schltr.) Luer

Restrepia pleurothalloides Cogn. = Pleurothallis pleurothalloides (Cogn.) Handro

Restrepia porschii Kraenzl. = Barbosella cogniauxiana (Speg. & Kraenzl.) Schltr.

Restrepia powellii Schltr. = Restrepia muscifera

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia prorepens Rchb.f. = Barbosella prorepens (Rchb.f.) Schllr.

Restrepia pulchella Mohr = Restrepia iris

Restrepia punctulata Lindl. nomen nudum = ?Restrepia elegans

Restrepia purpurea Luer & Escobar. . pj^ 49

Restrepia radulifera Luer & Escobar..... !”.”piate 5(X

Restrepia reichenbachiana Endres = Restrepiopsis reichenbachiana (Endres) Luer

Restrepia renzii Luer. 51

Restrepia rhynchantha Rchb.f. & Warsc. = BarboseUa cucuUata (Lindl.) Schltr

Restrepia robledorum Braas & Braem = Restrepia guttulata

Restrepia roseola Luer & Escobar. Platp „

Restrepia sanguinea Rolfe.

Restrepia schizosepala Luer & Hirtz.

Restrepia schlimii Rchb.f. = Restrepia nittiorhyncha ’

Restrepia seketii Luer & Escobar

Restrepia serrilabia Schltr. = Restrepia trichogi’o^a*"'

Restrepia shuttleworthii Rolfe = Restrepia muscifera

Restrepia striata Rolfe = Restrepia brachypus

Restrepia subserrata Schltr. = Restrepia trichoglossa

Restrepia tabeae Mohr.

Restrepia teaguei Luer_

Restrepia tentaculata Poepp. & Endl. =

Lindl.

H prorepens (w,M) schitr -

Restrepia ujarensU RchbX = Restrepiopsis ujaren* mchb.fOLue'r'. 61 '

Resti^jia vasquraOLuer = BartOSeUa CUCUUa,a

.“■

Restrepia xanthophthalma Rchibl = Res^pfa

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

LIST OF COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS

(The alphabetical order is altered to {dace photos in better positions for comparison.)

In Appendix:

Color Plate 1. Restrepia antenrufera, photos by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left, upper right

Restrepia aristulifera, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left.

Restrepia aspasicensis, photo by Cordelia Head, lower right

Restrepia chameleon, photos by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left, upper right.

Restrepia chrysoglossa, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left.

Restrepia citrina, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower right

r, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left.

Restrepia cymbula, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper right

Restrepia cuprea, photos by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left, lower ri

Restrepia echinata, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper right

Restrepia echo, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left

Restrepia elegans, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower right.

Color Plate 7. Restrepia ephippium, photo by Walter Teague, upper left

Restrepia escobariana, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, u

Restrepia flosculata, {..

Color Plate 8. Restrepia guttulata, photos by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left, upper right, lower left.

Color Plate 9. Restrepia falkenbergU, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left.

Restrepia iris, photo by Ronald Parsons, upper right.

Restrepia jesupiana, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left

ri, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower right.

_ i, photos by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left, upper right

Restrepia limbata, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left

Restrepia mendozae, photo by Patrick does, lower right

Color Plate 12. Restrepia mohrii, photo by Johan Hermans, upper left.

Restrepia nittiorhyncha, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper right

Restrepia pandurata, photo by Irene Bock, lower left

Restrepia pelyx, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower right

Color Plate 13. Restrepia purpurea, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left

Restrepia radulifera, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper right

Restrepia roseola, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left

Restrepia schizosepala, photo by Alexander Hirtz, lower right

Restrepia seketii, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower lelt.

Restrepia tabeae, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower right.

Color Plate 15. Restrepia trichoglossa, photos by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left, upper right lower left.

Color Plate 16. Restrepia teaguei, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper left.

Restrepia tsubotae, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, upper right

i, photo by Rodrigo Escobar, lower left.

1C0NES PLEUROTHALLIDIN ARUM

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work could not have been brought to a near state of completion without the

most generous and unselfish aid from Rodrigo Escobar, nor could it have been

brought to the near state of completion without the vast collections at Colomborqui-

deas that were generously placed at my disposal by the Posada family. I owe them

immense gratitude. I say “near state of completion” because I still feel as if there

is still more to be discovered about the genus than we know today.

1 also am grateful to Ann and Phil Jesup who not only made their collections

available to me, but who also made specimens of each as they came into flower. I

also thank them for the final proof-reading.

I am grateful to Gustavo Romero for all his help at AMES, and James Solomon

for his help at MO. I especially thank Eric Christenson for his proof-reading and

calling my attention to R. contorta . I also thank the herbaria of B, BM, BR, G, GB,

HBG, JAUM, LD, NY, S, US, and especially K and W, for many repeated visits.

Numerous other persons were of help in many ways such as offering specimens

and photographs. In alphabetical order I thank Moises B6har, Gemot Bergold, Irene

Bock, Richard Burian, German Carnevali, Patrick Cloes, Stig DalstrOm, Doris

Dukes and Bill Thoms, Alexander Hirtz, Rudolf Jenny, Ronald Parsons, Jany Renz,

William Rhodehamel, Gustavo Romero, George and Jeanne Schudel, Walter

Teague, Kenneth Tokach, Carl Withner, and finally, of course, Cordelia Head,

Marguerite Webb and Lucinda Winn all three of J & L Orchids.

Many of the illustrations are ink tracings by Stig Dalstrom underwritten by con¬

tributions to the Pleurothallid Alliance, and made from pencil drawings by yours

truly. I thank all the generous organizations and individuals who contributed.

For the extensive color-work, a first for an leones Pleurothallidinarum, we owe

a special thanks to all the members of the Pleurothallid Alliance, and with grateful

acknowledgment of support from Gail and Peter Fumiss.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA, SECTIONS AND SPECIES OF RESTREPIA

Subgenus Pachymeles

1 Leaves very thick, narrowly linear, sessile; lateral sepals with the apices free and

thickened........ R. chocoensis

V Leaves coriaceous, elliptical to ovate, petiolate; lateral sepals not with thickened

Subgenus Ecmeles

2 Dorsal sepal not clavate, lateral sepals free; lip with obtuse, marginal, basal

lobes..... R. aberrans

Subgenus Restrepia

2’ Dorsal sepal clavate, lateral sepals connate (rarely semi-connate) into a synsepal;

lip with acute, uncinate, basal processes........3

3 Peduncle more or less arching and flexible, half as long as, to longer than the

leaf, bearing the flower more or less away from the leaf..10

Section Pleurothallopsis

3’ Peduncle erect, much shorter than to about half as long as the leaf, bearing the

flower along the back surface of the leaf..-..4

4 Peduncle short with the ovary arcuate, bearing the flower near the base of the

leaf; synsepal 10-13 mm long, variously spotted...5

4’ Peduncle short to about half as long as the leaf; synsepal more than 13 mm long,

spotted or striped.................6

5 Petals with proportionately large, conspicuous, clavate apices; lip more than half

the length of the synsepal . R muscifera

5’ Petals minimally clavate; lip less than half the length of the synsepal. R. echo

6 Plant large with the sheaths of the ramicauls densely and darkly spotted; synse-

pals spotted above the middle, striped below the middle. R. aristulifera

6’ Plant small to large with the sheaths not conspicuously spotted; synsepals spot¬

ted, unspotted or striped....—......................7

7 Leaf narrowly ovate, acute, thickly rigid, subconduplicate; synsepal prominently

striped with dark purple; lip dark purple with a pale margin. R. limbata

T Leaf narrowly to broadly ovate, not rigidly subconduplicate; synsepals spotted

or unspotted. 8

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

8 Synsepal 13-14 mm long, with or without spots or stripes; lip broadly elliptical-

obovate without an isthmus. R.flosculata

8’ Synsepal more than 20 mm long; lip oblong..9

9 Synsepal spotted; petals with capillary processes on the margins above the base;

Up about 7 mm long. r ta b eae

9 Synsepal yellow, unspotted; petals with serrulate margins above the base; lip

about 11 mm long-- R.mendozae

Section Restrepia

(synsepals striped)

10 Synsepal predominately striped (stripes occasionally breaking ud ii

toward the apex or base).

11 Lip smooth to microscopically or minutely subverrucose..

11’ Lip variously verrucose and denticulate.

12 Lip distinctly pandurate. iq

12* Lip not distinctly pandurate U

13 Ramicauls to 33 cm tall; epichile of the lip broader than the hypochile_

the hypochile....

- R. cloesii

14 Flower small, sepals 2 c

14* Flower large, sepals i

. R. nittiorhyncha

15* Synsepal not deeply concave; lip not narrowed above the middie!

16 Plant large, more than 10 cm tall

16- Plant small, l^"thm'*10^"^'; ^)'c^ong["abGiit6nmi'to^7.'.^^^ O i ^^jy

17 SST lh “' y *** Stripes toward the apex; Up less than 2 ram

17 wir^

iris

!’ p^! J* 1 “T “ ‘^ “P I®® than 2 ran. wide,_ _

Plant large, more than 10 cm tali; Up more than 2 mm wide._ o.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

20 Lip more than 5 mm long, narrow, fringed-verrucose. Ji. trichoglossa

20’ Lip less than 5 mm long, thick, verrucose, with basal processes extending

forward beyond the middle. R. aspasicensis

21 Synsepal heavily suffused, usually with stripes obscured..22

21 ’ Synsepal with thin stripes on a light background..23

22 Synsepal heavily suffused with ied-purple with a white margin above the base....

.....,. R. sanguinea

22’ Synsepal heavily suffused with copper-color with marginal dots toward the base..

......____ cuprea

23 Synsepal elliptical, yellow with thin, brown or purple stripes; lip narrow, width

less than one-third of length. R. brachypus

23’ Synsepal obovate, white with broad, bright purple stripes; lip broad, width one-

third of length. R. purpurea

24 Flower small, sepals less than 2 cm long.25

24’ Flower medium to large, sepals more than 2 cm long.35

25 Synsepal cymbiform, concave to the apex, not just concave toward the base....26

25’ Synsepal not cymbiform, not concave to the apex..28

26 Lip tubular with the sides revolute-......-......-- R- mohrii

26’ Lip not tubular with the sides revolute.27

27 Lip ovate, nearly smooth, constricted above the middle. R. nittiorhyncha

IT Lip narrowly subpandurate, verrucose. R. cymbula

28 Lip 1-1.5 mm wide, denticulate, echinate...29

28’ Lip 2 mm or more wide, smooth, denticulate, or verrucose.30

29 Synsepal purple with darker spots in rows. R. dodsonii

29’ Synsepal yellow or rose with scattered dots. R. trichoglossa

30 Lip coarsely denticulate and verrucose.31

30’ Lip smooth or minutely verrucose-----32

31 Plant large, over 10 cm tall, leaves more than 2.5 cm wide, epichile oblong.

.. R . renzii

31 ’ Plant small, less than 10 cm tall, leaves less than 2.5 cm wide, epichile dilated ...

32 Synsepal pink, spotted with purple; Up with the blade longitudinally convex....33

32’ Synsepal variously spotted; Up with the blade more or less flat.34

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

33 Leaves thick, more or less conduplicate; synsepal with a few spots.

...—.....—.. R. escobariana

33’ Leaves not as above; synsepal with minute dots in rows. A. roseola

34 Synsepal usually 15-18 mm long, narrowed with erect margins toward the base,

more or less dilated near or above the middle. R. lansbergii

34’ Synsepal usually 18-24 mm long, not significantly narrowed toward the base.

--.....—.............................—-........ R. elegans

35 Flower medium in size, sepals between 2 and 3 c

35’ Flower large, sepals more than 3 cm long.

36 Synsepal connate normally only to r

36’ Synsepal connate to near the apex.

37 Synsepal cymbiform, deeply concave.

37’ Synsepal not cymbiform and deeply concave.

38 Synsepal narrowly elliptical, acute_

38’ Synsepal elliptical, ovate, or obovate, subacute to obtuse..

39 Lip microscopically verrucose, ca. 7 mm long

39’ Lip coarsely verrucose, denticulate; lip ca. 9 mm long.......

40 Lip coarsely denticulate and verrucose

40’ Lip smooth or minutely verrucose.

...R. schizosepala

...R. pelyx

. R. teaguei

...R. condorensis

m wide, denticulate, echinate...

41 Lip 1-1.5 r

41’Lip 2 mm

43 Synsepal whitish with small spots mostly below the middle

43 Synsepal vanously colored with random, small to large spots

44- Svnsenal T k!*? m ° rc " leSS ° blong above the iah ™

44 Synsepal with the blade transversely oblong, broader than long

45 Plant small, less than 10cm tall, leaves less than 2 5 cm

45 Plant large, over 10 cm tall, leaves more than 2.5 cm wit

46 Synsepal with minute dots in rows

46- Synsepal white to yellow, spotted with ^fei-'to"

lankesteri

.— R. contorta

...R. pandurata

roseola

elegans

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

47 Lip 4-5 mm broad without a constriction. R. chameleon

47’ Lip 2-4 mm broad with a slight or distinct constriction..48

48 Synsepal with sides incurved below the middle, sigmoid in lateral view; lip

glabrous, notched... R. seketii

48’ Not with the above features...49

49 Synsepal with sides deflexed above the middle; lip longitudinally convex, clasp¬

ing the center of the synsepal... R. ephippium

49’ Not with the above features.50

50 Dorsal sepal and petals with the apices barely thickened. R. metae

50’ Dorsal sepal and petals with the apices clavate.51

51 Plant tall with narrowly elliptical leaves; synsepal lemon yellow, spotted mostly

below the middle.. R. citrina

51* Plant short with broadly ovate leaves; synsepal yellow with large, random spots

(synsepals spotted, flowers large)

52 Synsepal spotted only on the margins above the base, or at the base, otherwise

unspotted......53

52’ Synsepal diffusely spotted.....54

53 Synsepal spotted only on the margins above the base, otherwise unspotted,

copper-colored. R. cuprea

53’ Synsepal spotted only below the middle, otherwise unspotted yellow

54 Synsepal heavily suffused with red-purple, solid with large, confluent spots

.............. K. sanguinea

54’ Synsepal not solid with confluent spots...55

55 Lip broadly elliptical, glabrous, demarcation of hypochile obscure. J?. chameleon

55’ Lip minutely to coarsely verrucose.......56

56 Synsepal narrowly oblong; lip long, narrow, spiculate. R. radulifera

56’ Synsepal elliptical; Up oblong to subpandurate . . 57

57 Lip oblong, or slightly narrowed below the middle. R. guttulata

57’ Lip narrowed below the middle...... R- contorta

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDIN ARUM

Restrepia aberrans Luer, Orquideologia 20:117,19%.

Ety.: From the Latin abe -“-*—««* ” "* fArrino to ,,nusual flo1

species erf the genus.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 1.5-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 5-6

thin, whitish, loose, oblique, acute, compressed, more or less imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect coria¬

ceous, ovate, subacute, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 1.2-2 cm wide, the base cuneate or rounded, contracteomioa

n long, 1.25

ig, 1.5 mm wide, 5-veined;

, slightly thickened

l, 9 mm long, 0.75 mm wide

yellow, oblong-trilobed, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 2

middle lobe oblong, 3-veined, rounded at the apex, the lateral lobes

a pair of

the middle at the bases of the lateral lobes,

Hus that termina

to the column-1

clavate, 2 mm long, the base pedestal-like. 1

oblong, free and parallel. The slender petals are only barely thickened toward the

apex. The lip is trilobed with erect, oblique, obtuse lobes just below the middle.

Adjacent to them on the disc, the usual pair of calli are developed into acute, erect

lamellae. The apical lobe is obtuse with three low, adjacent calli. The base is

similar to that of other species of Restrepia except that the neck connecting the lip

to the pedestal-like column-foot is unusually short and thick.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 1. Restrepia aberrans Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 2. Restrepia antennifera H.B.K.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 3. Restrepia antennifera H.B.K.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia aristulifera Garay & Dunst., Venez. Orchids Illustr. 5: 258,1972.

Ely.: From the Latin arts fuller, “bearing little awns.” referring to the minute, aristate pro<

the base of die petals.

cal, acute. 5-9 cm long. 3-4 cm wide, the base cuneate or rounded, contracted into a twisted petiole ca. 1

cm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced successively in a fascicle along the back of the leaf;

peduncle slender, 3-5 cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 4 mm long; pedicel stout, 2 mm long, with a

minute filament; ovary dark purple-brown, arcuate, lightly costate, 4 nun long; sepals membranous, the

ualed above the middle with the apex thickly clavate, 6 mm long, the petal 25-27 mm long, 3-4 mm wide

cally pubescent, concave basally, pale yellow, spotted with rexLpuiple above the middle, veined in red-

purple below the middle, 23-25 mm long, 12-15 mm wide expanded, the apex obtuse, minutely bifid;

petals membranous, translucent white with the midvein purple, narrowly ovate-triangular below the

middle, the margins with 1-3 minute irregular processes, attenuated above the middle with the apex

davate-thickened, 15-17 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide above the base; lip yellowish, spotted with red-pur-

rnected to the column-foot by a

•nils species from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and adjacent Venezuela

was fust collected by Killip and Smith in 1927, their collections resting since that

ume among the mdeterminates at AMES and NY. It was a specimen collected

much later by Dunsterville that was finally described in 1972.

Setfrepio aristulifera is easily recognizable by the tall habit with medium-sized,

colorful flowers borne near the middle of the back surface of the leaf by erect

pedunc es about half as long as the leaf. The whitish sepals are delicately striped

mi f, e a " d ^laneously minutely dotted with pale

d^ticutare 1 ,f P ' C 5 ° f the rose - s P° tled «P <s minutely verrucose and

denticulate. A pure yellow form of the flower is cultivated at Colomborqufdeas.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 4. Restrepia aristulifera Garay & Dunst.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Syn.: Restrepia dentata Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. 208,1892.

T a tin dentatus. “dentate.” referring to the dentic

s slender. Ramicauls erect, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 5-6

a small, solitaiy, flower, produced successively in a fascicle; peduncle slender, erect, 3 3.

. long; pedicel 2-3 mm long, with a filament 2 mm long; ovary 2

i, the dorsal sepal free, narrowly

wide above the base, 5-vein

ined, bifid at the tip with the apices subacute; petals

fa r h s ide with one or two acute processes,

a long, 1.5 mm wide above the base; lip rose, densely

die, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1.8 mm wide

v‘tte middle, die epichile oblong, subtruncate, densely muricate-papillose, the disc with a

pair of low, longitudinal calli from below the middle, rugose medially, the hypodnle broadly concave.

e processes nearly 2

slender, 3 mm long, the base pedestal-like.

COLOMBIA: Dept, of Norte de Santander. Aspasica,

H. Warner s.n. (Holotype: W; Isotype: K). Without

d at the Royal Botanic

Moore s.n. (K, type of R. dentata)-, without locality,

cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, flow¬

ered in cultivation 24 Jan. 1919, Hort. Kew. s.n. (K);

without locality, obtained from Great Lakes Orchids,

flowered in cultivation by W. Rhodehamel at Hoosier

Orchids in Indianapolis, Indiana, June 1992, C. Liter

16300 (MO); same collection, cultivated by Ann

Jesup in Bristol, CT, May 19%, (COLOR 1, LR).

VENEZUELA: Edo. M6rida: without specific collec¬

tion data, alt. 1800 m, obtained from R. Jenny, culti¬

vated at the Basel Botanical Garden by A. Muller, 9

Nov. 1992,7. Rent 15851 (Herb. J. Renz).

This vegetatively small species was first collected near Aspasica in the old

province of Ocafla in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia by the intrepid collector

Hermann Wagener and described by Reichenbach. In his Folia Orchidacea, Lindley

erroneously placed the locality in Venezuela.

In 1890, plants without collection data were received by the Royal Botanic

Gardens at Kew from Mr. Moore at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Ireland,

and were described by Rolfe as R. dentata. A collection of R. elegans from

T&chira, Venezuela, is misidentified as R. aspasicensis in Venezuelan Orchids Il¬

lustrated.

Not only is R. aspasicensis vegetatively very small, but it is also the smallest-

flowered species of the genus. The purple-spotted synsepal is only about 10 milli¬

meters long. In his description, Reichenbach exaggerates the small size, declaring

that the flowers are three times smaller than those of R. wageneri with sepals about

fifteen millimeters long, unless he was confusing something larger with R. wagen¬

eri. The clavate tip of the dorsal sepal is comparatively large. The margins of the

petals are variably dentate toward the base, but the processes are proportionately

large. The lip is only four millimeters long with a proportionately large hypochile

with uncinate processes about two millimeters long, half the length of the lip. The

epichile is densely muricate-papillose.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 5. Restrepia aspasicensis Rchb.f.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

1700 m collected by C. Luer & R. Escobar, Nov. 1982, flowered in cultwation at Coiomborquid^, ‘)

June 1996, R. EscZr s.n. (JAUM, MO). Dept of Risaialda: near Pereira, flowered m ^

Tsubota, 10 May 1993, C. Luer 16767 (MO). Dept, of Valle del Qiuca: west <

2000 m, 1895, F. C. Lehmann 8368 (AMES); without locality. Sept 1918 M. T.Dawe840 g.), b^ween

Cali and Buenaventura, ah. 1500 m, 3 July 1965, C. H. Dodson <6 H. Hills 3231 (SEL); El Queremal

w«tof 2ali, (COLOR2,UL, striped,COLOR2,UR, spotted),alt 1500m, collected by H^Valenaa,

La Caibonera, alt 1900 m, coflected

cudeas, 9 June 1996, R. Escobar s.n.

u 1500 m, collected by J.C.

borquideas, 9 June 1996, R. Escobar s.n. (JAUM, MO);

by J. Aguirre, April 1985, flowered in cultivation at C

VENEZUELA: Edo. Merida: La Carbonera, alt 6500 ft, Mar. 1963, G. C. K. Dunsterville 762

ECUADOR: Prov. of Carchi: eastern cordillera of Tulcan, Quebrada Pun, alt 2500-3200 m, 5 Feb^

F. C. Lehmann 346 (W); east of Tulcin, flowered

Luer 16898 (MO). Prov. of Morona-Santiago:

1993, C.

JV . ---..-alt. 1500 m, collected by W. Teague,

_at Colomborquideas, 16 May 1993, C. Luer 16868 (MO). Prov. of Pichmcha:

Canchacato near Rio Silante, alt. 2000 m, 28 Oct 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him 4418 (SEL); Cerro

Azul west flank of Volcan miniza, alt. 2800 m, 23 Jan. 1987, C. Luer J. Luer & A. Him 12459 (MO).

Prov.’of Tungurahua: Tungurahua, ca. 1857, Spruce 5385 (K, W); Volcan Tungurahua, 6000-9000 ft.

June 1877, F. C. Lehmann 72 (W); slope of Volcan Tungurahua above Banos, alt 3000 m, 27 Mar. 1984,

C. Luer, S. Dalstrdm, T. Hoijer & F. Freire 9764 (MO); Leito, Cordillera de los Uanganates, alt. 3000

m, 12 Oct 1984, A. Him 1983 (MO); same area, alt 3100 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Him &

W. Flores 11166 (MO).

PERU: Dept, of Huanuco?: collected by Fred Fuchs, cultivated by Carl Withner, photo by Ron Parsons.

BOLIVIA: Dept of Cochabamba: Espejo, wet forest northeast of Cochabamba toward Villa Tunan, alt

ca. 1800 m, collected by F. Fuchs Jr. et aL, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 23 May 1995, C.

Luer 17541 (HO).

This species is frequent and widely distributed in all three cordilleras of Colom¬

bia, both sides of the Andes of Ecuador, but apparently infrequent in Peru, and rare

in Bolivia. A small fragment, possibly a “keiki” of a cultivated plant collected

somewhere in Colombia by Lehmann, led to the misnomer, “brachypus” for the

short stem of the specimen. No flower remains with the specimen on the type-

sheet; the single envelope is empty. From the outline of the flower, the sepals were

about 23 millimeters long. The synsepal is described as 13-nerved (13 stripes as

seen on living flowers). The drawing of the lip is exactly as it is seen on living

plants: it is subpandurate with an oblong, denticulate blade with three, prominent,

longitudinal stripes. There can be no doubt about the identity of this fragment, there

being no other species to which these features could apply.

In Day’s album of paintings at Kew there is a colored illustration of this species

from Hugh Low & Co. dated 25 June 1885, a year earlier than Reichenbach’s de¬

scription of R. brachypus . Perhaps collections of this species exported from

Colombia by Lehmann found their way into more than one European greenhouse.

Rolfe redescribed this species in 1891, again from a fragment of a plant that

flowered in cultivation, this time by Moore at Glasnevin in Dublin. Except for

“Cauca,” no other collection data are known. As R. striata, it is illustrated in

Cuitis’ Botanical Magazine, t. 7233,1 May 1892.

Restrepia brachypus is superficially similar to sympatric R. antennifera. The

yellow synsepals of both species are similarly thinly striped with red or brown. It is

readily distinguished from the latter by smaller flowers with a narrower, subpandu¬

rate, denticulate, verrucose lip. Also yellow and finely striped are the smaller

flowered R. wageneri and striped forms of R. trichoglossa.

Almost always 13 longitudinal stripes, six on each lateral sepal and a center

stripe along the line of union are present. Rarely the stripes break up into short bars

or random spots (Color 2, UL, UR) on flowers of plants among numerous others

with normal stripes. Color forms with dark yellow, orange, or tan synsepals are

occasionally encountered.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 7. Restrepia brachypus Rchb.f.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia chame.eon '

ferocious-appearing beast.

ide the base broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted into a twisted petrole 0.5-1 an long. Inflor

T*Zt*xy flower, produced successively in a fascicle up the back side of the leaf; peduncle

COLOMBIA: Dept of Norte de Santander: Paramo

de Jurisdiccicnes, (COLOR 3, UL, striped, COLOR

3, UR, spotted), epiphytic in a forested, subparamo

valley, alt. 2700 m. collected by E. Valencia. 1984,

flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr.

1988, C. Luer 13130 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype:

MO); same collection, flowered in cultivation by Ann

Jesup #50. at Bristol, CT, C. Luer 17814 (MO); same

collection, flowered in cultivation at Colomborqui¬

deas, 4 July 1996, C. Luer 17937 (MO).

This species is very closely allied to R.

antennifera , differing principally in the

color of the flowers and morphology of the

lip. Although locally abundant, R. chame¬

leon is apparently known from only a

single, forested, subparamo valley below

the Pdramo de Jurisdicciones in the East¬

ern Cordillera of Colombia, very near

another valley in which R. citrina occurs.

Both R. chameleon and R. citrina were discovered in 1981. Restrepia citrina

was in flower, but the former was not. After flowering began at Colomborquideas,

Eladio Valencia was dispatched to bring more plants into cultivation. Very likely

this population is a floriferous, natural hybrid between R. citrina and R. antennifera

which is known to occur elsewhere in nearby parts of the Eastern Cordillera.

Restrepia chameleon is characterized by the large habit, and large or medium¬

sized flowers that exhibit the unique quality of bearing either spots or stripes. Most

synsepals are white or pinkish white, but a significant percentage are pale yellow.

In either case, the additional pigmentation consists of small, dispersed spots, small

spots in rows, or stripes either partial or well-defined.

The lip is broadly elliptical-oblong, microscopically cellular-verrucose, with the

hypochile proportionately short and indistinctly demarcated from the epichile.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 8. Restrepia chameleon Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia chocoensis Garay, Orquideologfa 8:181,1973.

Ely.: Named for the Department of Choco, Colombia, where the species was discovered.

COLOMBIA: Dept of Choc6: Carmen de Atrato

(COLOR 2, LR), alt. 1800-2000 m, collected by j!

M. Serna, 1973, flowered in cultivation by Alvaro

Mejia, G. Escobar 1054 (Holotype: AMES); same

collection, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja,

3 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1899 (SEL); same collection,

( ^^ nborquideas : 8 May 1993, C. Luer

E. Segura, 1994,cultivatedatColomborquide^, , JL

Escobar s.n. (JAUM).

This rare species has been found only

on two occasions in the Western Cordil¬

lera of Colombia by professional collec¬

tors. It was first cultivated by Alvaro

Mejfa and seen by Gilberto Escobar R.,

specimen to AMES where it was^eLribld

by Leslie Garay.

Vegetatively R. chocoensis is one of _

Ili^

attenuated abo"ihe 'Z n™, ** ° W middle wi,h lar 8 e

epichue and thehwSeTh^nn^ °‘ d WWhout a *“““*» between

? §r I. § f« §

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 9. Restrepia chocoensis Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Rami cauls erect, 9-20 cm long,

is sheaths, t

iubacute, 6-8 cm long, 3-4 cm w

ed, contracted into a petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced successively in a

fascicle behind the leaf; peduncle slender, erect, 3-4 cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 5 mm long;

pedicel 3 nun long, with a filament 2 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals membranous, the dorsal sepal

free, suberect, yellow, narrowly ovate-triangular in the lower half, attenuated above to the clavate-thick-

ened apex, 20 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at the base, 5-veined, the lateral sepals yellow, striped with red

■, clavate, 5 mm long, the base pedestal-like with a pair of low

r 17874 (Hdo-

This species is apparently very rare,

known from only one collection in south¬

ern Colombia by Francisco Villegas who

has cultivated it at Orquifollajes, Ltd.,

above Guame since its discovery. The

flowers are superficially similar to those of

R.flosculata , but the latter is identified by

the short peduncles that bear the flower at

the back of the base of the leaf. The

peduncles of/?, chrysoglossa are longer

and flexible, bearing the flower away from

the leaf.

Restrepia chrysoglossa is distinguished

by the bright yellow synsepal with red

stripes below the middle of the only clone

known. The typically unmarked, yellow

synsepal of R.flosculata , also can be

aSSssaassa

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 10. Restrepia chrysoglossa Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 11. Restrepia citrina Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

sively in a fascicle up the b

i, S-7.S cm long, 2-3 cc

d petiole 1 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced succes-

k of the leaf; peduncle slender, 4-5 cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 4.5

n long; ovary purple, subcostate, 3 mm long;

„ ith a capillary, uncinate processes,

ding forward from the base of the prt .

d to the column-foot by a rigid, cylindrical neck; colin

—- -nail pair of low, ('

PERU: Dept,

collected by P. does, J. A. C. Schoonen & RAri^,

---^ ” '.Belgium, 15 Aug!

: above Pomacochas,

Schoonc

>3, C. Liter 16967 (Holoty^Mof

Restrepia cloesii is apparently endemic

in Amazonian Peru. Except for the small¬

er vegetative habit, it is similar to the

gigantic R.falkenbergii that is endemic in

a small area in the Central Cordillera of

Colombia. The flowers of the two taxa are

startlingly similar. In both species the

flowers are of average size, those of R

cloesii being a little smaller. The synse-

pals are yellow and thinly striped in

brown; the petals are narrowly terete

without a clavate apex; and the smooth

glabrous lip is pandurate. The lip of R.

cloesii is about 9 mm long with the epi-

chile 2.5 mm wide, narrower than the

hypochile. The lip of R.falkenbergii is

about 13 mm long with the epichile 5 mm

wide. The isthmus of R. cloesii is about --

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 12. Restrepia cloesii Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia condorensis Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 20:128,1996.

Ety.: Named for the Cordillera del Condor where this species is found.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 6-7.5 cm long,

enclosed by 5-7 thin, whitish, loose, oblique, compressed, imbricating sheaths, the lower sheaths dotted

2-3 cm wide, the base broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted into a twisted petiole 3-4 mm long. In¬

florescence a solitary flower, produced successively in a fascicle beyond the back surface of the leaf;

peduncle slender, 5-6 cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 5 mm long, with a short

r 17544 (Holotype: MO; Isotype:

This species, apparently endemic in the

Cordillera del Condor in southeastemmost

Ecuador, is superficially similar to the

smaller-flowered R. teaguei which occurs

not far away on the adjacent, eastern slope

of the Andes. Vegetatively the two spe¬

cies are similar, and the flowers of both

species are distinguished by a narrowly

elliptical synsepal more or less acute at the

apex. Basally, the petals of R. teaguei are

sparsely denticulate, while those of R

condorensis are essentially entire. Most

distinguishing is the narrow, pandurate Up

of/? condorensis with fimbriate margins

of the epichile. The significantly shorter,

broader Up of R. teaguei is entire or micro¬

scopically cellular-veirucose.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 13. Restrepia condorensis Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 14. Restrepia contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer

(Ecuador)

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 15. Restrepia contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDLNARUM

has lain ignored for nearly two centuries. It was presumed to be an unidentified

species of Pleurothallis by Schweinfurth (1958) in the Orchids of Peru, and as a

species of Restrepia in the supplement (1979).

This species is best treated as a variable, frequent and widely distributed spe¬

cies-complex that has gathered specific epithets from various localities by various

authors over the past century. Small-flowered forms grade into R. elegans and

large-flowered forms grade into R. guttulata. Positive identifications of many

specimens is not possible.

As presently perceived, R. contorta includes Lindley’s R. maculata , a larger

plant with a larger flower with a spotted synsepal. Lindley’s illustration of the lip

shows a slight constriction below an oblong, slightly denticulate and verrucose

blade, or epichile. This variation is somewhere between the lip of/?, contorta and

R. guttulata. Restrepia contorta also includes Rolfe’s Ecuadorian R. ecuadorensis

and Schlechter’s Colombian R. caucana.

Vegetatively plants vary from small to large. The ramicauls are clad in loose,

imbricating sheaths common to all species of the genus. The lowermost are spotted

with black or dark brown. The leaves vary considerably in size and they vary from

elliptical to ovate. The slender, flexible peduncles bear the flowers near or beyond

the tips of the leaves.

Although varying greatly in color and size, the basic pattern is found in all

specimens attributed to the species. The flowers are medium in size to relatively

large, with sepals usually between 25 and 35 millimeters long. The dorsal sepal is

erect, narrowly ovate, attenuated above with a clavate apex. The synsepal is ellipti-

2™ 1 the base * with apex more or less subacute to obtuse and

snortty bihd. The synsepal is variously spotted, from numerous, diffusely scattered,

small dots, to large spots, sparsely scattered to coalescing toward the base. The

»l«JI‘?h P< t alS ^ d f“ der whh a cUlvat<! ■***■ The thin, membranous margins

capita^aJ^^S 60111 enUIe 10 microsco P‘ call y serrulate, often with a minute.

thesanleasthe sysepah It is more or less constricted

ranclvehv^hu ™ 0nns “ 0bl0ng e P ichile distinct from the subquadrate,

HI. Th l ma,gl ° s P““» minute, delicate, uncinate processes

a ?*•'" epichile ' is Hat and mote or less truncate. The

SofTeeZl t, “ “ Wn8ed - The surface is variably venucose. The

moth of the epichile above the isthmus also varies. Several variations annroach the

meet rSmiX ** **** “ P h *■* * « * constricted

does ntn^aryai^^ently towrmk 8niZabl °'* bUt th ® moi P h ology of the flowers

*»****■■ at thespecific level. Restrepia

seems insufficient to ttmmm the^arE^.h** 0fatroncate U P- b «t that now

Colomborqufdeas are severaTnmtw^T ttle speciflc >evel. In cultivation at

has a yellow synsepal diffusely dotM wXEle ’“T as h “P“ n,alosa ”

roseola” is similar but wnh ptnple dots on t^ "' AnoU,er known 38

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 16. Restrepia contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

I Luer & Escobar, Orquideologfa 20:130,1996.

enclosed by 6-7 thin, whitish, loose, compress

with Mack Leaf erect, coriaceous, often_ r __ t _

cm iong. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced successively S afl^dfupU^^rs^oft

ieaf; peduncle slender, 4-5 cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 5-6 mm long; pedicel stout, 1.5 mm Ion

with a filament 3 mm long; ovary purple, lightly sulcate, 3 mm long; sepal-

sepal free, erect, translucent yeUow-white with the midvein purple-brown,

m < » *“*""-‘“'1 * u **“ with the apex clavate-thickened, 29-

wly ovate below the

~«.eucu, nun long, 3.75 mm wide

-— —apex into a shallowly concave, elliptical

(coppery), yellow at the base, with purple spots along tl

> middle, purple, 28-30 mm long, 13 n““- J •• -

wide expanded,

purple, narrowly linear-triangular; the margins minutely and^lrad^dral

attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened 23 mm Ion*> ?

Bp brown. lightly dotted with darker brown lateral to the ’ S ’

microscopically serrulate margins, the ape

° the epichile, the

. UJ „ 11RIUf gyunancai neck; column greenish white w

slender, davate, 6 mm long, the base yellow, pedestal-like, with a pair of obtuse

COLOMBIA: Dept, of Antioquia: Munic. of Cocor-

na, (COLOR 5,LL. usualcolor-foim COLOR5

IA. orange <rotor-form), Quebrada La Hundida, alt

1700 m, collected by L C. Vieira, flowered in culti-

tsS? JW;

Restrepia cuprea is known from only

one valley on the eastern slopes of the

Cenml CordUlera of Colombia. It is most

Closely related to R. gutiulma, and could

be treated as just another color form, but

the plants found in this locality appear

disnnct with a shorter, stouter habit, short¬

er peduncles, and distinctively colored

flowers, neither wholly striped nor spotted.

Except for a few puiple spots along the

margin below the middle and yellow at the

s, the disc with a pair <

> subtruncate, count

dark purple spot a

,T e ™ y^ow at the ——^-a_

the genus.^The synsT^'sof ctones nCh ’ coppery color - ^ no other seen

synsepal of other clones is m„rh " e deeper “PP”. and the color of t

synsepa. of othc? ciTs “ ^ ^ the C0l0r of ^

careful inspection reveals tha, die “solid^'colOTis'LtuSl^made of coalescing

the middle. The wk*™mtarte^S^^“ j ^ **7 *** on 1116 sides below

pictured in Native Colombian C " pre0 iS

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 19. Restrepia cuprea Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ECUADORrjaUioul locality, (COLOR 5, UR), re

Colomborquideas, Jan. 1993, R. Escobar 505

(Holotype: MO), C. Luer fflustr 16581; same collec

This little species without collection

data was obtained in 1992 by Colombor¬

quideas Ltd. above Medellin, Colombia,

from Mario Portilla in Ecuador. Unfor¬

tunately, the only plant known was lost in

cultivation in 1996.

Restrepia cymbula is easily recognized

by the small habit and a small flower with

a boat-shaped, red-spotted synsepal. The

subpandurate lip is tightly verrucose and

conspicuously incised at the apex.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 20. Restrepia cymbula Luer & Escobar

PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ini!

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 21. Restrepia dodsonii Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia echinata Luer & Escobar, Orquideologfa 20:135,1996.

Ety.: Fran the Latin echinatus, “echinate,” referring to die bristly epichile of the lip.

^ *• V f l 0 " 8 ' Infloresc ence a solitary flower, produced successively

re a Oracle behind the leaf; peduncle slender, 2.5-3.S cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 4-5 mm long;

pwlicel stout, 3-5 mm long, with a short filament; ovary lightly sulcate, 3 mm long; sepals membranous

the dorsal sepal free, erect, translucent white with the midvein puiple-brown nanowlyovate in the lower

d urd.attw nated above with the apex clavate-thickened, 11-17 mm long, 2-2.5 mm vride above the base,

' e apex into a shallowly concave, obovate, shortly bifid

T OT g!^ 16 ’ 1116 Sp ° tS large and coalescin g below the

base- Iin v-iu- « —\*potted with purple, subpandurate, 4.5-6mm long, 2-2.5

COLOMBIA: Dept of Norte de Santander Sardina-

£ Ab J? g ° Sardinata > (COLOR 6, UR),

rit 1730 m, collected by Escobar, J. and C. Luer, 12

Nov. 1981, flowered in cultivation at Colomhnmn.'

PERU fw CLuer 16660 (Holotype: MO?

PERU: Dept of Junin: Satipo, Kivinaki, north side of

Perene River, alt. 1100 m, 15 Mar. 1992 0 del

S“ ,ro * X J ien l ne !! 5491 (USM). Without locality,

■ i.' Hm , Z rJ£ 0ni M> Arias ’ flowered in

SSTi™ 1995,b,AM * 48/ woxc

This species is closely related to R

elegans. Vegetatively the two taxa are

similar but the leaves of R. echinata are

more yellow-green. The flowers are also

similar, but the synsepals of R. echinata

are heavily spotted below the middle

However, the morphology of the Up easily

distinguishes R. echinata . The lin is

subpandurate with the isthmus compara-

vely broad with the margins below the

isthmus dilated into subacute angles. As

m all species the margins of the hypochile

below the angles are provided with short

arc piuviaea with short, --

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 22. Restrepia echinata Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia 25*. ^

echoing of both R. c

3==Srarft=='.S:

base pedestal-like with a pair of obtuse calli.

COLOMBIA: Dept, of Antioquia: Santo Domingo,

(COLOR 6, LL) alt. 1900-2000 m, collected by R.

Escobar. C. Luer A E. Valencia, 18 Sept. 1986,

flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 9 May

1993, C. Luer 16702 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype:

MO); Urrao, alt. 2000 m. collected by E. Valencia,

flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 9 May

1993, C. Luer 16700 (MO); without more specific

locality, collected by E. Valencia, Sept. 1992, flow¬

ered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 23 May

1995, C. Luer 17606 (JAUM: MO); without locality,

collected by J. Kuhn, cultivated by Ann Jesup #21,

flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 9 May

1993, C. Luer 16703 (MO).

This species is very closely related to

the number of forms grouped together in

R. muscifera. Although spots on the

sheaths of ramicauls may not be consid¬

ered to be consistent in a species, all the

sheaths of known specimens of R. echo are

densely spotted, while only the lowermost sheaths of the closely allied R. muscifera

are dotted. Restrepia echo is found within the distribution of R. muscifera in both

the western and central cordilleras of Colombia, but populations remain separate.

Similar to R. muscifera, short peduncles bear the flower against the back of the

base of the leaf with the ovary acutely arcuate so that the flower faces outward. The

dorsal sepal is clavate, but the petals are barely minimally clubbed. Toward the

base of the petals the margins are minutely and variously toothed. The margins are

entire in most specimens of R. muscifera examined. The synsepal is obovate and

diffusely covered by small spots.

The Up is elUptical and proportionately short, less than half the length of the

synsepal in the natural position. As in R. muscifera, the epichile is minutely verru-

cose and rounded at the apex. The margins of both sides of the hypochile of R.

echo are minutely denticulate in addition to the pair of minute, hairlike processes

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 23. Restrepia echo Luer & Escobar

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 24. Restrepia elegans H.Karst.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia elegans was described by Karsten in 1847 from a collection from

coastal Venezuela. The synsepal was described as being dotted with red as support¬

ed by an accurate accompanying watercolor painting. Only a sketch of the floral

parts showing the sepals about 22 millimeters long and a subpandurate lip with a

denticulate blade is present on the type-sheet; there is no flower. No plant material

has been conserved at W, but a small fragment is present at K. The species is nicely

illustrated in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine l 5966 of 1872, although the basic color

of the synsepal is usually a darker yellow or yellow-orange, or even purple.

Restrepia elegans occurs frequently in the coastal mountains of Venezuela, and

through the Andes of M6rida and Tdchira. It is similar to both R. lansbergii and R.

wageneri , all three with overlapping distributions. Restrepia lansbergii is best

distinguished by the smaller flowers with a usually obovate synsepal, and R.

wageneri is easily distinguished by the small, yellow, brown-striped synsepal.

In the original description of R. erythroxantha in 1851, Reichenbach cited a

collection by Moritz from coastal Venezuela near Colonia Tovar. The synsepal of

the medium-sized flower (sepals 25 mm long) of the small plant appears in the dry

state to have been spotted with dark purple. The description and illustration in

Xenia Orchidacea in 1854, pi. 60, fig. 2 identified as R. erythroxantha was made from

a collection and watercolor painting by Wagener made near Mdrida. The synsepal

was described as being egg yolk-yellow ( dottergelb ). This substitution obviously

has mislead subsequent authors, the true R. erythroxantha being synonymous with

the smaller R. elegans with spotted synsepal. The substituted species is described

herein as R. jesupiana.

Restrepia elegans is characterized by the small to medium-sized habit with

small to medium-sized flowers. The synsepal is yellowish to whitish and diffusely

spotted with brown or purple, sometimes with the spots coalescing below the

middle. Basically the flowers are very similar to those of the widely distributed and

variable R. contorta, differing mostly by the smaller size. A century and a half ago,

Lindley already had declared that R. elegans was little more than a small form of his

R. maculata. The oblong blade of the subpandurate lip is minutely serrulate and

verrucose, and variously spotted, usually in darker colors than the synsepal.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 25. Restrepia elegans H.Karst.

(Venezuela)

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 26. Restrepia ephippium Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 27. Restrepia escobariana Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia falkenbergii Rchb. t, Gard. Chron. 1:232,1880.

Ety^: Named in honor of Herr Falkenberg, professional collector, who with Schmidtchen discovered

closed by 8-12 thin, whitish, loose, compressed, oblique

purple-brown on the lower sheaths. Leaf erect, c '

e to subacute, 7-11 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, the base

:, stout, 10-35 cm long, en-

ths, intensely spotted with

h purple beneath.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 28. Restrepiafalkenbergii RclibX

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia flosculata Luer, Selbyana7:127,1982.

a 4(1-2): 46,1993, not

Ety: From the Latin pollens, “pale,”

v, unspotted flower.

Syn.: Restrepia flosculata var. picta Mohr & Heizum, Schlechteriana 4(1 -2): 46,1993.

Ety.: From the Latin pictus, “painted,” referring to a spotted color-form.

Syn.: Restrepia flosculata subsp. picta (Mohr & Heizum) Mohr, Leaf! Schltr. Instit 2:8,1996.

along, 3.5-4.5 a

_ __ • • , . , , i petiole 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary, yellow flower, produced

..ivdy m « fmock dong of d,efad : palu nd. ,len da, 2-Z8 an tag; flL tad

nun long; sepals pale yellow, sc_

*e dorsal sepal free, erect, narrowly triangular below tl

n long, 3 nun wide at the base, 5-veined, the lateral sc

e below the middle, 13 mm loi

r .k m “' u ‘ ciy “ Ilo: P eia,s membranous, translucent yellow, narrowly hr

.. *onved, Ih. mmgm, «no«h. .Uenwued .bove the middle win. .he h** minntdy dm

the base; Up yeflow, oblong, 7 mm long, 3.75 mm wide

hypochile, oblong, smooth, the apex '

~ R: ST nf Imbabura: «P»l*ytic in cloud

forest above Rio Blanco between Ibarra and San

SW of Maldonado, alt. 1500 m, 8 Oct 1981 L

Werhng <5 S Leth-Nissen 419 (AMES, QCA); in

Nov Jw 8 ?H r,Ver ^ e ^ Mald0nado ’ alt - 1500 m,

Parambas, (COLOR 7, LR striDed^nbon)^*?*

Feb. 1996. A. Hirtz & X. Him 6290 9 °° ’ 16

COLOMBIA; Dept, of ValedefcS Munic f

Larou*»e, 1981, R. Escobar sm. (IAUM).___

of Valle “ d “ farnorth ® 1116 department

tlte back side of the leaf it seen^ m ? Sma11 flower borne close 10 die base of

can RestreplLTcfrta. Cl0Sel * ,0 variable. Central Ameri-

Restrepia flosculata is easily distinguished h h

or striped in either purple or ^ flowers variousl y s P° ued

among unspotted flowers. These colors ^ been found 10 be intermixed

subspecies. The narrowly clavate petals m S col f forms of one species, not

oblong without an obvious demarcation hei™./ 1 "^' The sma11 lip is broadly

us demarcation between an epichile and a hypochile.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 29. Restrepia flosculata Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

mmmwmmt

de Santa Marta, Roezl, s.n. (W). Dept of Santander: Rio, Surata, alt. 2000-2300 m, 5 J

KiUip &A. a Smith 16645 (AMES, NY); collected by^Vdenda, floj*ered ^

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 31. Restrepia guttulata LindL

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 32. Restrepia guttulata Lindl.

(Colombia)

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 33. Restrepia guttulata LindL

(Colombia, R. robledorum )

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 34. Restrepia iris Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Restrepia jesupiana Luer, Orquideologfa 20:146,1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of Ann Lauer Jesup of Bristol, CT, who has maintained this species in her

collection for many years.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 35. Restrepia jesupiana Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

R. jesupiana is characterized by the medium-sized habit and large flowers with a

yellow, relatively narrow synsepal that is faintly dotted or lined with purple basally

or up to near the middle. The lip is large and oblong, reminiscent of a lip of R.

Restrepia lankesteri Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:20,1930.

Ety.: Named in honor of Charles Lankester of Cartago, Costa Rica, who collected the plant.

Syn.: Pleurothallis amesiana LO.Williams., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8:143,1940, non P. lankesteri Rolfe.

Ety.: Named in honor of Prof. Oakes Ames, Curator of the Ames Orchid Herbarium.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 4-12 cm long,

enclosed by 7-10 thin, whitish, loose, compressed, more or less imbricating, distichous sheaths. Leaf

h purple beneath, elliptical-c

apex clavate-thickened, 22-27 mm long, 2.5-2.75 mm wide, the’lateral sepals c

jnto a concave, ovate lamina, bright yellow or orange, dotted with red-brown toward the base, 22

long, s-y mm wide expanded, the apex acute, minutely bifid; petals membranous translucen

narrowly linear-triangular, either margin with or without a minute, capillary process near the bas<

uated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 16-21 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide at the t

jjjjj m3y ^^rithdMfS^’f'b ^ l0ng -’ 2 ' 2 ' 5 mm Wide ’ the eP ' Chile D;

“ — ive with thin, erect margins, each side with an acute, narrowly tri

r of low carinae extending forward from the bases of each process c

connfif'tp.H th e column-foot by a rigid, cylindrical neck; columi

i long, the base pedestal-like with a pair of obtuse calli.

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Cartago: La Estre”

1500-1700 ft., 12 Jan. 1923, C H. Lankest

Sancho 423 (Holotype: AMES); same area wet

forest, alt. 4500-6000 ft., flowered at Las Concavas

Dec. 1 92^Jan l927, C. H. Lankester 1141 (AMES);

h ^n MaC «°’ Tt>ma d ® Agua > (COLOR 9,

LR), alt. 1650 m, flowered in cultivation at Colom

^ U if^^ C °^ 5n (JAUM) - With0 *locali

ty. collected by L Glicenstein, flowered in cultiva¬

tion by Dorothy Lankester, 21 Sept. 1979 C Luer

4248 (SEL); Without locality, coflerted by L. Glicen¬

stein, A. Jesup #8, flowered in cultivation at Colom-

borqufdeas, 23 May 1995, C. Luer 17540 (MO)

Restrepia lankesteri , apparently local

and uncommon in central Costa Rica, is

closely allied to the frequent, sympatric R

uichoglossa. Il is little more than a varia¬

tion of a spotted form of the latter, being

distinguished by the larger flower with the

synsepal diffusely spotted, and a broader

up more than two millimeters wide. A ^ /

men originally coIlectSby LanSr is m T m pb ° 10 ^ of the f?'

frequent strined form n f p \ - . , er s at AMES - In Mexico and Guatemala the

mequent striped form of R.,nchoglom is often misidentified as R. lankesteri.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

Plate 36. Restrepia lankesteri Ames & C.Schweinf.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 2.5-8 cm long, enclosed

by 5-7 thin, whitish, loose, compressed, more or less imbricating sheaths, the lowermost more or less

dotted with blade. Leaf erect, coriaceous, often sufiused with purple beneath, elliptical-ovate, acute,

subacute to obtuse, 3-4.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, the base broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted into

a twisted petiole 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced successively in a fascicle

behind the leaf; peduncle slender, 3-6 cm long; floral bract thin, tubular, 4-5 mm long; pedicel stout, 2.5-

3 mm long, with a short filament; ovary purplish, lightly sulcate, 2.5-3 mm long; sepals membranous,

the dorsal sepal free, erect, translucent white with the midvein deep purple, narrowly ovate below the

e apex clavate-thickened, 12-20 mm long, 2-2-2.5 mm wide

le, 12-18 mm long, 6-10 mm wide expanded, multiple-veined, the

.utely bifid; petals membranous, translucent white, with purple margins and midvein,

>ar-tnangular, the margins with or without microscopic processes, attenuated above the

n long, 0.5-1 mm wide at the base; lip cream-colored,

. . >rown, oblong, obscurely dilated below an inconspicu-

i long, 2 mm wide, the epichile microscopically tc

-retuse, the hypochile subquadrate, concave with

e process, the disc with a pair of low c

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

teen millimeters long, and delicately dotted. They are accompanied by a watercolor

painting that shows the white synsepal spotted with purple. A small, spotted flower

is illustrated in Xenia Orchidaceae 1, pi. 60, fig. 1.

Very similar to R. elegans , the concept generally accepted today as R. lansbergii

is well documented by Dunsterville’s series of variations illustrated in his article

Orchid puzzlements (Dunsterville, 1969). He shows transitional forms between R.

lansbergii and the striped/?, wageneri. Garay’s solution to Dunsterville’s dilemma

by identifying the one extreme as R. lansbergii and the other as “R. schlimii” with

the intermediates as “hybrids” is hardly acceptable.

A collection from near Puyo in relatively lowland, eastern Ecuador, has been

known for nearly 20 years as the “Ecuadorian lansbergii.” The equally small

flowers of the equally small plant are indeed inseparable from R. lansbergii. Such a

widely separated, disjunct population was difficult to accept until we became aware

of another locality of small plants with essentially identical flowers from Hudnuco

in north-central Peru. These two, widely separated localities lend some credence to

the assumption of disjunct populations.

Restrepia lansbergii as popularly conceived today is a small plant with small,

white, purple-spotted flowers. According to Dunsterville, the shape of the synsepal,

from obovate and obtuse to elliptical and acute, and many variations of spotting are

present throughout the population found in coastal Venezuela. With the acceptance

of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian collections, the distribution is vastly extended.

The synsepals are either elliptical or obovate and less than 18 mm long. Toward

the base the synsepal is narrowed with the sides more or less erect. The basal

margins of the petals may or may not bear capillary processes. The lips are oblong

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 38. Restrepia lansbergii HJCarst

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia limbata Luer & Escobar, Selbyana 7: 76,1982.

Ely.: From the Latin limbatus, “broadly bordered with a color different from the central color,” in

reference to the lip with a purple center third and white outer thirds.

COLOMBIA: Dept of Risatalda: Munic. of Pueblo

Rico, (COLOR 10, LL), Ciatodto, alt. 2000-2200 m

collected by J ML Serna, flowered in cultivation by

O Arango at La Estrella, 30 Sept. 1977, R. Escobar

II8 7 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: JAUM), C. Luer il-

histr. 1877; Mistrato. alt. ca. 1800 m, collected by E.

CowiLS' 19 A 9 ; flowered in cultivation at

Lolomborquideas, 5 May 1993, C. Luer 16678 (MO).

This species occurs uncommonly in the

Central Cordillera of Colombia. It is

characterized by narrowly ovate, acute

thickly coriaceous, rigid, subconduplicate

leaves, and a large flower borne by a short

peduncle along the back of the leaf. The

flowers are distinguished by the forwardly

directed dorsal sepal, and a synsepal close¬

ly striped with bright red-purple. The

stripes break up into spots toward the

Rpex. The lip is white with a broad rose

srttpe down the center. It is verrucose

with minutely fringed margins of both the

epichile and the hypochile.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 39. Restrepia limbata Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia mendozae Luer, Orquideologia 20:157,1996.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora^lunchipc: Cordillera

del Condor. (COLOR 10, LR). ca. 1500 m. collected

by H. Mendoza. 1992, flowered in cultivation by P

Bcl 8 iu ®. 8 Aug. 1993, C. Luer

16969 (Holotype: MO).

This species is known from only a

single collection made in the Cordillera

del Condor in southeastern Ecuador by the

late Hartman Mendoza from whom it was

obtained by Patrick Cloes of Hasselt,

Belgium. This species with short, erect

peduncles resembles R.flosculato from

northern Ecuador and southern Colombia,

but R. mendozae is distinguished by the

arger flowers with a proportionately large

lip.

The synsepal is yellow with a few red

spots near the base, and a red spot on

either side of the lip below the middle.

The petals are slender and expanded. The

hp is oblong, barely if at all narrowed

below the middle, only microscopically

verrucose, and half the length of the

synsepal.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 40. Restrepia mendozae Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

a metae Luer, Orquideologfa 20:159,1996.

Plant medium in rize, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-5 cm long, enclosed

by 6-7 thm, whituh, loose, compressed, more or less imbricating sheaths, the lower sheaths dotted with

4.5-6 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, the base broadly cuneate or

a fascicle up the back side of the leaf; peduncle sllnder,"^ k^gfflS’b^t S

tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel stout, 3 mm long, with a short filament; ovary 3 mm long; sepals mem¬

branous. the dorsal sepal free, erect, translucent with the midvein purple, narrowly ovate below the

middle, attenuated above the middle with the apex only subclavate, 25 mm long, 2.75 mm wide above

k ^ ral Jlf* - * connate to near *e apex into a shallowly concave, elliptical lamina,

? iC,y . d ?' tcd W ? h 23 ' 26 “““ lo “g. 9-5 mm wide expanded, multiple-veined, the free tips sub-

t, with the midvein and margins purple, narrowly linear-triangular,

k JJ i- -*■ x minimally thickened, 14 mm long, I

long, 2 «T ‘ ,,U UOUCU W " n “ ^ .

* ^ with a darker color, oblong, slightly narrowed near the middle, 7.5 n

e-retuse, the hypochile subquadrate, conca

column slender, clavate, 3 mm long, the base pedestal-like, v

° f MCUI: Quebrada Crista lina,

between Rio Humadea and Rio Ariari, alt. 550 m 15

* m £‘ 0 (Holowe: H " b - '• *-*

This taxon has very few criteria to

support it at the specific level, but no

species of the genus is known from a low

altitude in Amazonian Colombia It was

collected there in 1937 by Dr. Jany Renz.

Restrepia metae is indistinguishable

vegetatively from other medium-sized

spec.es, and the flowers are of average

SB f SynSepal is ““rawly elliptical

and diffusely covered by minute dots. The

most distinguishing features are the apices

of the dorsal sepal and petals which are

^cUv f , those of thepetalaody

slightly thickened, hardly clavate at all

Except for the considerably smaller size

the minutely spotted, narrow synsepal and

the oblong Up are similar to those of R

gurrntoa. From R. contorta it differs in

the nearly smooth, oblong lip.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

101

Plate 41. Restrepia metae Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia mohrii Braem, Schlechteriana 4(1-2): 44,1993.

Ety.: Named for Hartmut Mohr of Wettenberg-WiBmar, Germany, who purchased and cultivated

4- c w *’ H Mohrs n - (Herb. Mohr). Dept,

of San Martin: (COLOR 12, UL) alt. 2000 m, col¬

lected by W. Rauh. Aug. 1980, flowered in cultiva-

*£.•**■* Heidelberg Botanical Garden, 1 Sept.

1987. W. Rauh 54004a (MO), C. Luer illustr. 12917-

road - Venceremos!

ah. 1750 m, 26 July 1983, D. N. Smith 4351 (MO).

This species was first collected in Peru

by Dr. Werner Rauh in 1980 and cultivat¬

ed in the Botanical Garden of Heidelberg.

It was to be named in honor of Dr. Rauh,

and for seven years it was Restrepia rauhii

in ed. awaiting this publication.

Vegetatively it is similar to many other

species of the genus, and even the flowers

borne by peduncles near the apex of the

leaf, are superficially similar. The flower,

however, is easily distinguished by the

concave, boat-shaped synsepal and the

tubular with revolute sides.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

103

Plate 42. Restrepia mohrii Braera

104

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia muscifera (Lindl.) Rchb.f. ex Lindl., Folia Orchid. Restrepia 2,1859.

Syn.: Restrepia xanthophthalma Rchbi., Hamburger Gaiten-Blumenzeitung 21: 300,1865.

Ely.: From the Greek xanthophthalmos, “with yellow eyes,” referring to the pair of yellow calli on

Syn.: Restrepia dayana Rchbi., Gaid. Chron. 2:257,1875.

Syn.: Restrepia shuttleworthii Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Infoim. 138,1892.

Ety.: Named in honor of Charles Shuttleworth who collected this species.

Syn.: Restrepia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:25,1922.

Ety.: Named in honor of C. W. PoweU of the Panama Canal Zone who collected the plant.

Syn.: Restrepia tonduzii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:291,1923.

Ety.: Named in honor of A. Tonduz who collected the specimen.

Syn.: Pleurothallis dayana (Rchbi.) L. O. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8:144,1940.

Syn.: Pleurothallis xanthophthalma (Rchbi.) L O. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8:144,1940.

S (Rolfe) Mohr, Leafl. Schltr. InstiL 2: 8,19%.

it small, medium to large in size, epiphytic, c;

t, 2.5-17

>r transversely spotted in blade. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, often suf-

subacute, 3.5-8 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, the base

5 mm long. Inflorescence a

cicle at the base of the back of the leaf; peduncle slender,

m long; pedicel stout, 4-6 mm long, with a short filament;

n long; sepals membranous, the dorsal sepal free, erect.

owly linear-triangular, decurved, with the margins smooth to

attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 7-10

:, suffused, dotted or spotted with red-purple, oblong-

SS, ft 00 **' 3 n - WuR. lansbergti); without collection data, flowered in cultivation in the

3OOOfc FbbWW H* ,J, r& * R -™ nth °P hih <>bm)- Dept, of Alta Verapaz: near Chimote, alt.

5? r! (W ^ without s P«afic locality. 1350 m, Jan. 1913, H. von

m ’ H v Tarckheim (AMES); between Coban and

W9flowi^1S 90140 < AMES ); Coban, collected by H. H. Morgan,

ssrsrn

ro ^ 1° MataquMcumtla.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

105

106

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 44. Restrepia muscifera (Lindl.) Rchbl. ex Lindl-

(Costa Rica)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLID1NARUM

COLOMBIA: Dept of Antioquia: Abriaqui, Rio Herradura, alt. 2200-2270 m, 13 May 1983, R. Escobar

2593 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 4839; Boqueron, (COLOR 11, LR), alt. 2400 m, R. Escobar 3328 (JAUM);

Palmitas, alt. 2300 m, collected by E. Acevedo, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 9 May

1993, C. Luer 16701 (MO); Dabeiba, collected by M. Zapata, May 1989, flowered in cultivation at

Colomborquideas, 23 May 1995, C. Luer 17535 (MO); Titiribi, flowered in cultivation at Colomboiquf-

deas, 23 May 1995, C. Luer 17537 (MO); Dept, of Choco: Bahia Solano, alt. 300 m, collected by G.

Misas, flowered by P. Ortiz 917 (HPUJ). Without data, flowered in cultivation by Messrs. Chaiiesworth,

Shuttleworth & Co., 1891, Shuttleworth s.n. (K, type of R. shuttleworthU ).

ECUADOR; without locality, specimen sterile, F. C. Lehmann 173 (W).

This species was first described by Lindley as Pleurothallis muscifera from a

Guatemalan collection by Uie Skinner. It is commonly known today in collections

as R. xanthophthalma which was also described from a Guatemalan collection. It is

a frequent and variable species in its wide distribution from Mexico into the West¬

ern Cordillera of Colombia. At W a sterile specimen from Ecuador collected by

Lehmann over a century ago appears to be this species.

Several vegetative and color forms of this species have acquired specific names

since the original description, no two populations being exactly the same in size,

shape and color. Broad-leaved forms appear distinctly different from narrow-leaved

forms, but the same variations of the flowers occur in both forms. A broad-leaved

form sent by Endres from Costa Rica was described by Reichenbach as R. dayana.

Although Plate 44 illustrates a specimen from Colombia, it fits best the Costa Rican

R. dayana. The Andean R. shuttleworthii described by Rolfe is inseparable from

Central American specimens. Schlechter segregated both Panamanian R. powellii

and Costa Rican R. tonduzii by trivial variations in the leaves and lips.

Restrepia muscifera is easily recognized by the thickly coriaceous, ovate, more

or less acute leaves. The peduncles are short and appressed to the backside of the

leaf, so that the small, colorfully spotted flowers are borne near the base, facing

outward on arcuate ovaries. The dorsal sepal and petals are conspicuously clavate.

The petals are more or less decurved, and the clubbed apex of the petal varies

somewhat in size. The synsepal, usually covered by large spots, and obovate with

obtuse apices is held downward parallel to the peduncle by the sharply arcuate

ovary. The lip is elliptical, oblong to ovoid, but sometimes minimally narrowed

between the epichile and hypochile. The epichile is obtuse and minutely verrucose

and denticulate. From each side of the hypochile a minute, hairlike process curves

forward. Although inconecdy identified as R. lansbergii , a specimen of this species

from Guatemala is well-depicted in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine l 5257 of 1861.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

109

(Colombia)

110

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Restrepia nittiorhyncha (Lindl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 253,1967.

Bas.: Pleurothallis nittiorhyncha Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleurothallis 20, 1859.

Ely.: From the Greek nittiorhynchos, “a duck’s bill," in allusion to the appearance of the lip.

Syn.: Humboldtia nittiorhyncha (LindL) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 668,1891.

Syn.: Restrepia schlimii Rchbi., Linnaea 12:45,1877. 741:45,1876

Ety.: Named in honor of Louis Schlim who collected this species.

5 , enclosed by 5-8 thin, whitish, loose, compressed, more or less imbricating, distichous

Leaf erect, coriaceous, often suffused with purple beneath,

4-7 cm long, 1.5-3 cm w.

“h® 1<»8.2.5 mm wide above the base, 5-veined, the lateral sepals

cave, elliptical lamina, yellow or yellow-orange, spotted with

long, 9 mm wide expanded, the rounded apex minutely bifid,

petals membranous, translucent yellow with the midvein br

triangular above and attenuated into the clavate apex, the margi_

processes between the lower and middle thirds, 8 mm long, 1.5-1.75 n

low, heavily spotted with purple-black at the apex, o

the epidule constricted above the middle, to fonn a more or less rounded apex, minutely verrocose-ser-

low carina extending forward from the

fled to the column-foot by a rigid, cylin-

er, clavate, 4.5 mm long, the base pedestal-like with a pair of

COLOMBIA: Old province of Ocafia: Ocafia, L.

Schlim s.n. (Holotype: K); piramo, alt. 8,000-10,000

ft., 1846-51, L. Schlim 1158 (W, type of R. schlimii-,

•sctype: G); Paramo de San Pedro, alt. 3500 m, 1851,

‘ n part (K); near 0cafia ’ dt. 2200 m.

collected by J,

lejia, 5 Oct. 1977, C.Luer

UR), alt. 2500 m, 12 May 1982, C. User, R. Escobar

&E Valencia 7795 (SEL); cultivated at Colombor-

quideas, 22 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14356 (MO).

This distinct species from the Eastern

Cordillera of Colombia was first discov¬

ered around 1850 in the old province of

Ocafia by Louis Schlim during his expedi¬

tion with Funck into New Grenada to

collect orchids for his uncle, Jean Linden,

of Brussels. Specimens of his collection

were described in Pleurothallis by Lindley

in 1859, and in Restrepia by Reichenbach

have >** n found in Venezuela, but illustrations of other

S ,rZ ■ ave been misidentifie <f as nittiorhyncha and synony-

° rMds ,llustra,ed as weU as in the field guide,

guished bv the m ‘a- ync ! ,a f aa ** confused with no other species. It is distin-

S^sCuaT^r! Wilh smal1 - yellow flowers borne by peduncles

nearly as long as or as long as the leaf. Cultivated specimens are usually consider-

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

111

Plate 46. Restrepia nittiorhyncha (Lindl.) Garay

, Gard. Chron. 1: 244^1887^

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

113

Plate 47. Restrepia pandurata]

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Plate 48. Restrepia pelyx Luer & Beobar

116

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

One population of this species is known from an area in the Central Cordillera

of Colombia where it is relatively abundant. A second color-form (A. Jesup #12) is

from an unknown locality. Renz had discovered it in western Venezuela. Restrepia

pelyx, known in Colombia as “la taza” (the cup), is recognized by the large, pur¬

plish leaves and relatively large flowers borne by pedicels about half as long as the

leaf. The cup-shaped synsepal is proportionately broad and deeply concave, and

diffusely spotted with purple-brown except for two conspicuous white patches at

the base. The base color of the synsepal is yellow in the plants from the known

locality, and tan in those plants from the unknown locality.

Restrepia purpurea Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 162,1996.

obtuse, 4-5.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, the base

twisted petiole 5-7 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary

, - ricle up the back surface of the leaf; peduncle slender, 3-4 cm

long; floral bract thin, tubular, 4 mm long; pedicel stout, 2 mm long, with a filament 2-3 mm long; ovary

P^Pj*’ "8*“y “kate, 3jnm long; sepals membranous, the dorsal sepal free, erect, translucent, veined in

* ” 1 ' lH **" J " ’ e the middle with the apex clavate-thickened,

ateral sepals connate to near the apex into a

ensely striped with bright purple, confluent

, ’ — --** *“*•* cApauueu, iz-veined, the apex obtuse, minutely bifid; petals

rn r . b "‘"“’- i» P-pto. narrowly limawoSue, d* margim micmacopically

i is a near / h f base ’ attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 16 mm long,

* .? ^^.‘‘P^ge-brown with 3 purple stripes, oblong, 9 mm long, 3 mm wide, the

^ U ‘- BmbriaK V* «”*•*«> Mow dm middle, d» hy-

pocnue suDortncutar, concave with thin, erect margins, each side with a cap

tion at Colomborquideas, 23 May 1995,

17545 (Holotype: MO); Sotomayor, alt. 1

lected by J Aguirre in 1990, flowered in cultivation at

Colomborquideas, 6 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13060 (MO);

same collection, flowered in cultivation at Colom

borquideas, 9 May 1993, C. Luer 16666 (MO).

This species is very closely allied to

the frequent and variable R. brachypus

and has been considered to be an unusual

form limited to an area of southernmost

Colombia, completely within the distribu¬

tion of R. brachypus. However, R. pur¬

purea is easily identified among plants of

the former. Restrepia purpurea is distin¬

guished by the smaller, stouter habit with

broadly ovate, obtuse, dark purple leaves

The peduncles are only about half as long

as the leaf, while those of R. brachypus are

often as long as or longer than the leaf.

The flowers of R. purpurea are smaller

J l

pH?

p r

\ (

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

117

Plate 49. Restrepiapurpurea]

rLuer& Escobar

118

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

than the average flower of R. brachypus, and the synsepal is white instead of yel¬

low, and prominently striped with much broader, bright purple stripes. The lip is

oblong, broader than that of the usual R. purpurea , and barely narrowed near the

middle instead of pandurate. The blades of both species are denticulate-Fimbriate.

Restrepia radulifera Luer & Escobar, Orquideologfa 20:165,1996.

Ely.: From the Latin radulifer , “bearing a rasp,” referring to the narrow, spiculate lip.

by 5-6 whitish, compressed, unspotted, more or less imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suf¬

fused with purple beneath, ovate, acute to subacute, 5-8 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, the base rounded,

contracted into a twisted petiole 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower, produced successively up

the back side of the leaf; peduncle slender, 7 cm long; floral bract thin, t '

VENEZUELA: Edo. Tichira: Paramo de Tama

(COLOR !3, UR), alt. ca. 2500 m, coUected bi

Norberto Valencia, July 1991, flowered in cultivation

at Colomborquideas, 7 July 1996, C. Luer 17950

(Holotype: MO, Isotype: JAUM).

Vegetatively this species is similar to

many of the medium-sized species of the

genus with an ovate leaf. Near the apex of

the leaf a large flower with a long, narrow,

spotted synsepal is held. The synsepal is

orange-brown with the dark brown spots

disappearing toward the apex. The long,

slender, narrowly pandurate lip is most

distinctive, the oblong epichile being

covered by minute spicules.

With a spotted synsepal and a long

narrow, bristly lip, R. radulifera is allied

to R. trichoglossa, but is easily distin¬

guished from the latter by the much larger

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

119

50. Restrepia radulifera Luer & Escobar

120

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia renzii Luer, Qrquideologfa 20: 167,1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Jany Renz of Basel, Switzerland, who collected this species.

Plant medium in size to laige, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 6-10 cm long,

enclosed by 5-8 thin, whitish, loose, compressed, more or less imbricating sheaths, the lowermost more

or less dotted black. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subacute, 5-6.5 cm long, 2.8-3.5 cm wide,

the base broadly cuneate or rounded, contracted into a twisted petiole 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a

solitary flower, produced successively in a fascicle behind the leaf; peduncle slender, 3-3.5 cm long;

floral bract thin, tubular, 4.5 mm long; pedicel stout, 3 mm long, with a short filament; ovary purplish,

midvein purple, narrowly ovate below the middle, attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-

thickened, 1 mm thick at the apex, 16 mm long, 1.5 mm wide above the base, the lateral sepals connate

to near the apex into a shallowly concave, more or less obovate lamina, light green with wine red dots,

15 mm long, 7.5 mm wide expanded, multiveined, the apex obtuse, shortly bifid; petals membranous,

translucent white, narrowly linear-triangular, both margins with a capillary process above the base,

attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 11 mm long, 1 mm wide at the base; lip

cream-colored, flecked or dotted with purple-brown, oblong, 7.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the epichile 3-

thin, erect margins, each side with a capillary, uncinate process, the disc with a pair of low carinae

extending forward from the base of each process onto the epichile, the base subtruncate, connected to the

column-foot by a broad, rigid, cylindrical neck; column white, slender, clavate, 3-4 mm long, the base

VENEZUELA: Edo. M6rida: Around Merida, from

El Valle toward Cordillera del Norte, alt. 2400 m, 19

July 1951, J. Renz 7277 (Holotype: Herb. J. Renz;

Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 17732; around Merida,

between Las Cruces and upper Gonzales Valley, alL

2500 m, 27 Mar. 1955. J. Renz 8386 (Herb. J. Renz).

This species was discovered in 1951

by Dr. Jany Renz in the mountains around

M6rida in western Venezuela. Although

the flowers seem very similar to those of

R. lansbergii of coastal Venezuela, the

comparatively large habit with proportion¬

ately small flowers borne by relatively

short peduncles distinguish the species.

Vegetatively, R. renzii is indistinguish¬

able from many medium- to large-sized

species. The leaves are comparatively

large and broad. The peduncles do not

quite reach the middle of the leaf in

length. The flowers are proportionately

small with the sepals about 15 mm long.

The spotted synsepal is more or less

in R. lansbergii. Restrepia renzii is

m the margins of the petals above the

finely fringed.

or dilated above the middle as seen

further distinguished by capillary processes c

base, and the oblong epichile of the lip that is,

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

121

Plate 51. Restrepia renzii Luff

122

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ct, 3-7 cm long, enclosed by 5-6

irer sheaths sparingly spotted with black,

o obtuse, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide,

e, contracted into a twisted petiole 3-4 mm long. Inflorescence a solitary flower,

ascicle up the back surface of the leaf; peduncle slender, 3.5-4 cm long;

n long; pedicel stout, 2.5 mm long, with a filament 2 mm long; ovary light-

mm long, 2 mm wide above the base, 5-veined, the lateral si

ly concave, obovate lamina, pale rose, minutely dotted with purple in r

dots dis;

apex slightly clav;

e with purple spots, oblong, 8 mm long

xmvex with the sides decurved, 2 mm wi

a pair of obtuse, yellow calli.

Without collection data, (COLOR 13, LL), reported¬

ly obtained by Ann Jesup, A. Jesup #4, from B.

Berliner, a division to R. Escobar, RE 3327,14 Oct.

1985, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 5

July 1996, C. Luer 17948 (Holotype: MO; Isotype:

JAUM); same collection, flowered in cultivation at

Colomborquideas, 5 May 1993, C. Luer 16691 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Edo. Aragua: forest remnant, ridge

north of Tiara, alt. 1300 m. May 1978, G. C. K.

Du/isterville illustr. 1397.

This species from the coastal moun¬

tains of Venezuela is illustrated by Dun-

sterviUe in Orchids of Venezuela, An Il¬

lustrated Field Guide, and erroneously

identified as R. schlimii, a distinctly dif¬

ferent species synonymous with nittior-

hyncha from the Eastern Cordillera of

Colombia. The origin of the plant present¬

ly cultivated in several collections and

illustrated herein is uncertain, but it is the

same species from coastal Venezuela il¬

lustrated by Dunsterville. It is possible

that the plant was obtained by Dr. Ben

Berliner, Bloomfield, CT, from Dorothy

Lankester, San Jos6, Costa Rica, who had obtained plants from Dunsterville.

Similar both vegetatively and florally to R. elegans with which it is sympatric in

the coastal mountains of Venezuela, this species is distinguished by the minute,

purple dots arranged in rows on a rose-colored synsepal. Most distinguishing is the

longitudinally convex lip with modestly revolute, microscopically erose margins.

The lip illustrated by Dunsterville has been expanded.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

123

Plate 52. Restrepia roseola Luer & Escobar

SYSTEMATIC* OF RESTREPIA

Plate 53. Restrepia sanguined ]

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

found abundantly in several localities near Medellin. Vegetatively the numerous

plants of this species cultivated at Colomborquideas are mostly considerably larger,

but the plants as well as the flowers vary considerably in size. Smaller-flowered

clones with sepals about 20 mm long are morphologically the same as one of the

hydrated flowers from the type-sheet. The Madero collection described as R. antio-

quiensis by Schlechter is undoubtedly referable to this species.

Vegetatively/?. sanguinea is not readily distinguishable from the multitude of

other medium- to large-sized species. The flowers are borne by peduncles usually a

little more than half the length of the leaf. The synsepals are concave, usually dark

blood red with coalescing stripes or rows of spots that fuse toward the base where a

conspicuous whitish area is present along the margin. The margins of the petals are

sometimes only barely toothed near the base. The lip is oblong and truncate, only

slightly narrowed below the middle, the blade being variously dilated and minutely

denticulate-scabrous.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Sucumbios: near La Bonita

(COLOR 13, LR). collected by J. Del Hierro, flow¬

ered in cultivation in Quito, Feb. 1995, by A Hirtz

6230 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 17746.

This species is apparently endemic in

northeastemmost Ecuador where it has

been recently discovered. No other

member of the genus is known from this

area. Although very similar to the group

of taxa related to R. contorta, R. schizose-

pala is immediately distinguished by the

split synsepal. The synsepal of a few other

species may occasionally split spontane¬

ously near the tip as the flower ages, but in

no other species is the split constant and so

deep. The sepals are orange in color with

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

127

Plate 54. Restrepia schizosepala Luer & Hirtz

128

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

small spots below the middle. The free portions are unmarked orange. The margins

of the petals are entire. The oblong lip is proportionately large, similar to that of R.

guttulata.

Restrepia seketii Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 20:175,1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of Robert Seket, formerly of Medellin, Colombia

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; i

5-6 thin, whitish, loose, compressed, more or le

Leaf erect, coriaceous, more or less suffused with purple beneath, ovate, subacute, 4-5.5 cm long, 2.5-3.7

cm wide, the base rounded, contracted into a twisted petiole 0.5 cm long. Inflorescence a solitary flow¬

er. produced successively in a fascicle up the back side of the leaf; peduncle slender, 4-5 cm long; floral

the middle, 25 mm long, 8.5 mm wide expanded, multiple-veined, the apex si

bifid; petals membranous, translucent white, veined in purple, narrowly 1_„_

middle, the margins smooth, attenuated above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 15 mm long,

e at the base; lip white, diffusely dotted with rose, oblong, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, very

obscure, low pair of carinae extending f«

clavate, 3.5 mm long, the base pedestal-like with a pair of low, obtuse c

COLOMBIA: Dept of Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de

J-J Marta^COjLOR 14, LL), collected by R.

May 1993, C. Luer 16658A (Holotype: JMJMUso 9

type: MO); same collection, flowered in cultivation at

Colomborquideas, 17 Apr. 1983, C. Luer 8720

This species, apparently endemic on

the forested slopes of the Sierra Nevada de

Santa Marta, is known only by Seket’s

original collection. Although basically

similar to most other medium-sized spe¬

cies of the genus, R. seketii is distin¬

guished by an obovate, purple-spotted

synsepal, sigmoid in outline when viewed

laterally, with erect to involute margins

below and near the middle; smooth-mar¬

gined petals; and an oblong lip with a bifid

apex. The smooth, entire blade, or epi-

chile of the lip, is proportionately long

compared to a proportionately small

hypochile.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

Restrepia seketii Luer & Escobar

SYSTEMATIC? OF RESTREPIA

131

56. Restrepia tabeae Mohr

132

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plant small to media

Ramicauls erect, 4-8 cm long.

the leaf; peduncle slender, 3-4.5 c

long, with a short filament; ovary lightly o

erect, translucent white, 5-veined with the midvein purple, narrowly ovate below the middle, attenuated

above the middle with the apex clavate-thickened, 24 mm long, 3 mm wide above the base, the lateral

i ! ‘ * ’ ' d on the apical and basal thirds, diffusely dotted with

>r less flat, el

arte, minute!

e lower third, the margins minu

vate-thickened, 15 mm long, 1.5

d with red-brown, oblong-subpandurate, 7.5 mm long, 2.5 ir

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic

in cloud forest between Loja and Zamora, (COLOR

Id, UL), alt. 1600 m, collected by W. Teague in July

1975, flowered in cultivation in San Francisco, 20

Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4101 (Holotype: SEL); same

area, alt. 1500 m, 3 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A

Hirtz 12597 (K, MO).

This species has been in cultivation

since the 1950’s when it was exported by

the late Jos6 Strobel of Cuenca. It was

described from a later collection by Walter

Teague. It is known to be locally abund¬

ant at medium altitudes on the eastern

slopes of only one valley of southeastern

Ecuador.

Restrepia teaguei is distinguished by

the small habit; brightly multicolored,

medium-sized flowers; a spindle-shaped

synsepal noticeably narrowed to an acute

apex; and an oblong, essentially glabrous

lip. The closely allied/?, condorensis

from the nearby Cordillera del Condor is

distinguished by larger flowers and a pan-

durate lip with fringed margins.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

133

Plate 57. Restr epia teaguei Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

135

Plate 58. Restrepia trichoglossa

(Colombia)

Lehm. ex Sander

136

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

137

). Restrepia trichogtossa Letan.'

l Sander

138

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

GUATEMALA: Without locality, 16 Jan. 1857, Wendland218 (W); Dept. San Marcos: Volcan Taju¬

mulco, Rio Cabus above Cueva da la Palomas, alt. 1300-1500 m, 16 May 1940, J. A. Steyermark 37983

(AMES, MO). Dept. Quetzaltenango: between Pirineos and Patzulm, 1200-1400 m, 4 Feb. 1941, P. C.

Standby 87029 (AMES).

MEXICO: Edo. Chiapas: Motozintla, near Buenos Aires, alt. 2000 m, 31 Mar. 1989, 1. Alcocer & R.

Jiminez 3408 (AMO); Jaltenango, Reserva El Triunfo, alt. 1400 m, 21 Feb. 1990, M. Heat & A. Long

709 ( AMO).

The name Restrepia trichoglossa was first published in Sander’s Orchid Guide,

actually a sales catalogue of prices, in 1901. No doubt, plants collected and identi¬

fied by Lehmann under that name found their way into the trade at that time. The

meagre description in English could apply to several small species with spotted

synsepals, but the epithet trichoglossa is present on a specimen at K collected by

Lehmann near Zaruma in southwestern Ecuador. His watercolor painting 164 of his

collection 6884 is also at K. Restrepia trichoglossa was first collected in this area

by Eduard Andr6 in 1876, and it is still to be found there today.

In 1920, Schlechter described simultaneously two collections by Madero from

somewhere in the old department of Cauca, Colombia, as R. leontoglossa and R.

serrilabia. They are extremely similar with very narrow, fringed lips, the difference

being the striped synsepal of R. leontoglossa and the spotted synsepal of serrilabia,

no doubt the same as R. trichoglossa. The holotypes of both R. leontoglossa and R.

serrilabia were lost in the destruction of the Berlin herbarium at Dahlem, and no

isotypes are known. Neotypes are designated above.

In 1923, from near San Ramdn in central Costa Rica, Schlechter described

simultaneously two collections by Acosta. They appear to represent the same

species. Restrepia subserrata, published on the page following R. angustilabia,

became known as the frequent Central American species with a yellow, thinly

striped synsepal. The Central American R. subserrata with a striped synsepal is

indistinguishable from the Andean R. leontoglossa, and both concepts grade into the

spotted R. trichoglossa. The holotypes of both R. subserrata and R. angustilabia

were also lost in the destruction of the Berlin herbarium, and no isotypes are known.

Neotypes are designated above.

As presently conceived, R. trichoglossa is a frequent, widely distributed spe¬

cies-complex that occurs from Chiapas, Mexico, through Central America into the

Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Vegetatively, the small to medium-sized

habit is not remarkable. Slender peduncles bear the flowers near or beyond the tip

of the leaf. The flowers are small to medium-sized with a white, pink or yellow

synsepal that is finely dotted or striped in red or purple. Fine lines often break up

into dots below the middle, and sometimes they disappear or break up into dots

toward the apex. The lip is slender with the epichile narrowly oblong, less than two

millimeters wide, and minutely verrucose and with senate margins.

Both striped and spotted color-forms occur in all areas, but either one of the

patterns is dominant in certain areas. In most areas of Central America (Color 15,

LL) and coastal Ecuador (Color 15, UR) the synsepal is yellow with thin brown

stnpes. In many areas of southern Colombia and southern Ecuador the synsepal is

pinkish and dotted (Color 15, UL). In some areas, such as in Costa Rica, spots and

stripes are commonly mixed (Color 15, LR).

The yellow, thinly striped synsepal of R. trichoglossa is similar to that of

br “ chypus ' but *** *** * lar 8 er vegetatively and florally with a broader

lip. Although rarely, the stripes of R. brachypus (syn.: R. striata ) also break up into

spots (Color, UL, UR). Striped forms of R. trichoglossa are also similar to Vene¬

zuelan R. wageneri which is distinguished by an oblong, non-fringed Up.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

139

Plate 60. RestrepiamchoglossaLOm-

(Costa Rica)

ex Sander

140

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Restrepia tsubotae Luer & Escobar, Orquideologla 20:178,1996.

Ety.: Named in honor of Shigenobu Tsubota of Pereira, Colombia, in whose orchid nursery Escobar

COLOMBIA: Dept of Antioquia: Briceno, (COLOR

16, UR), alt. 600 m, collected by M. Zapata, 4 Dec.

1991, flowered cultivation at Colomborquideas, 6

July 1996, C. Luer 17976 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype:

MO); without locality, flowered in cultivation at Ran

Orchids, Pereira, by S. Tsubota, R. Escobar s.n.

(JAUM, MO).

This species was first discovered by

Rodrigo Escobar who found it cultivated

without collection data at Ran Orchids,

Pereira, by Shigenobu Tsubota. Another

collection was subsequently discovered in

flower at Colomborquideas where it had

been cultivated unnoticed since 1991. The

latter had been collected with Masdevallia

mejiana Garay in lowlands of Antioquia.

Restrepia tsubotae is related to the R.

trichoglossa-complex. It differs from the

latter by much larger flowers with synse-

pals diffusely spotted with dark brown on

orange that becomes brown toward the

base. The epichile of the lip is fimbriate,

long and narrow, about one and a half

millimeters wide. The isthmus between the hypochile and epichile is only 0.75

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

141

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIA

143

Plate 62. Restrepiavasquezii Luer

144

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Restrepia wageneri Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2:23,1854.

5, acute, 3.5-4.S cm long, 1.8-2.3 cm wide, tl

rounded, contracted into the petiole 4-5 mm

ly in a fascicle behind the leaf; peduncle s]

pedicel 3 mm long, with a minute filament; ovaiy purplish, lightly sulcate, 3 mm long; sepals mem-

e with the midvei

vith the apex clavate-thickened, 15 mm long, 2 rr

lallowly c

e middle, 15 mm long, 5.5 n

a purple midvein,

narrowly linear-triangular, with the margins entire, attenuated above the middle with die apex slighdy

clavate-thickened, 9.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide above the base; lip yellowish, lightly marked with purple,

oblong, 5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the epichile oblong, truncate, microscopically scabrous with micro-

e margins, the hypochile subquadrate, concave with thin, erect margins, each side

i, the disc with a pair of low carinae extending forward from the base of

' ' . n-foot by a rigid, cylindrical

:e, 3 mm long, with a purpl

pedestal-like with a pair of obtuse, yellow calli.

pl. 60, fig. 3 differ significantly from the original description and illustration. This

later illustration shows a spotted flower, but this cannot be regarded as an illustra¬

tion of the type. Apparently not realizing differences, the new description and line

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIA

145

Plate 63. Restrepia wageneri Rchb - f -

146

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

drawing of a proportionately larger, diffusely spotted flower (presumably R. ele-

gans) was used to illustrate R. wageneri. Quoting Wagener Reichenbach writes in

Xenia Orchideacea that/?, wageneri was rare, that 100 plants of R. elegans could be

found for every one of/?, wageneri.

Restrepia wageneri is apparently more frequent in the coastal range of Venezue¬

la than in the nearby mountains of M6rida. An illustration by Dunsterville (Dun-

sterville 1017) was erroneously identified in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated as /?.

nittiorhyncha , a distinctive Colombian species not known from Venezuela. The

accompanying illustration was made from a fresh flower from the living plant of

Dunsterville 1017 cultivated by Dunsterville at his home in El Hatillo. The synse-

pal of Dunsterville’s drawing is much too heavily shaded.

Restrepia wageneri is allied to both /?. elegans and /?. lansbergii, but from them

it is distinguished by the thinly striped synsepal. Intermediate forms occur in the

coastal range between /?. lansbergii and/?, wageneri as illustrated by Dunsterville

(1969). The flower of R. wageneri is similar to a striped form of /?. trichoglossa,

but the very narrow, usually fringed lip immediately distinguishes the latter. The

small lip of /?. wageneri is oblong, only faintly, if at all, narrowed near the middle.

The surface and margins are only minutely or microscopically scabrous-serrulate.

The illustration ( Dunsterville 763) identified as /?. wageneri in Venezuelan

Orchids Illustrated appears to be a form of /?. trichoglossa. According to Dunster¬

ville’s notes accompanying his drawing, the illustration was made from a cultivated

plant that was probably imported from outside Venezuela