THE GENUS LEPANTHES IN JAMAICA (ORCHIDACEAE)

Carlyle A. Luer

H. Phillips Jesup

ABSTRACT

Following a brief history of the genus Lepanthes Sw. in Jamaica, the 29

species of Lepanthes presently known to occur on that island are described and il¬

lustrated by black and white line drawings with a key to the species.

The genus Lepanthes Sw. is second only to Epidendrum L. in the number of

species known from the island of Jamaica. The first four species of Lepanthes from

the island were described in Epidendrum by Olaf Swartz in 1788 as E. ovale , E.

pulchellum, E. tridentatum. and E. cochlearifolium. When he proposed the genus

Lepanthes in 1799, he also proposed L. concinna , and transferred three of the four

he had attributed to Epidendrum to the new genus: L. pulchella, L. tridentata, and L.

cochlearifolia. Hooker added L. sanguinea to the genus in 1844; Reichenbach, L.

loddigesiana in 1856; and Grisebach, L. rotundata in 1864.

The first account of the known species of Lepanthes from Jamaica was pub¬

lished by Fawcett and Rendle in 1904, at which time they added five more epithets,

bringing the total to 12, their L. concolor being considered to be synonymous with

L. rotundata Griseb. A key and partial line drawings of 10 of the species were

included.

Not until 1910 was Epidendrum ovale transferred to Lepanthes by Fawcett and

Rendle. In their first volume of the Orchids of Jamaica, also of 1910, Fawcett and

Rendle treated 18 species attributed to Lepanthes including their recent transfer

from Epidendrum , L. ovalis , and a few they had recently described. Pleurothallis

melanantha Rchb.f. [=Lepanthopsis melanantha (Rchb.f.) Ames], the taxon pre¬

viously unknown from the island, was represented by two names in Lepanthes : L.

brevipetala and L. harrisii. Line drawings of floral parts of three Lepanthes and the

two epithets for Lepanthopsis melanantha were included. Two undesignated subdi¬

visions, presumed to be sections of Lepanthes , were proposed in the key to the

species. These sections were based on the lobes of the lip, a condition now known

to be nonspecific.

In 1924, Britton and Wilson designated Lepanthes concinna the lectotype of the

genus. When L. concinna proved to be synonymous with L. ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. &

Rendle, the latter became the recognized lectotype, Epidendrum ovale having been

the first of the four published by Swartz (1799).

Henry Hespenheide published a revision of the genus for Jamaica in 1968. He

treated 25 species without collection dates, and included a key to the species with

line drawings for 12. The present revision includes 28 species, all of which are

endemic. Only three have been recognized as new in the past forty years.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes Sw., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 85, 1799.

Ety.: From the Greek lepos, “bark,” and anthos, “flower,” because plants of this genus grow on

bark of trees, as translated from the Latin provided by Swartz (p. 85, 1799).

Type: Epidendrum ovale Sw., Prodr. 125, 1788 [= Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle].

Syn.: Lepanthes sect. Macrocladae Rchb.f., Xenia Orch. 1: 143, 1858.

Lectotype: Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, here designated.

Ety.: From the Greek makrocladium, “a long branch,” referring to the length of the ramicauls as

opposed to the short ramicauls of sect. Brachycladium Rchb.f.

Syn.: Lepanthes sect. Diplocheilus Fawc. & Rendle, Orchids of Jamaica 67, 1910.

Lectotype: Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, here designated.

Ety.: From the Greek diplocheilos , “a double lip,” referring to the lip divided into blades.

Syn.: Lepanthes sect. Haplocheilus Fawc. & Rendle, Orchids of Jamaica 68, 1910.

Lectotype: Lepanthes brevipetala Fawc. & Rendle, here designated.

Ety.: From the Greek haplocheilos, “a single lip,” referring to the undivided lip.

Syn.: Lepanthes sect. Fawcelepanthes Cogn., Orch. Antill. 434, 1910.

Lectotype: Lepanthes brevipetala Fawc. & Rendle, here designated.

Ety.: Named in honor of William Fawcett, investigator of the orchids of Jamaica.

Syn.: Lepanthes sect. Rendlepanthes Cogn., Orch. Antill. 435, 1910.

Lectotype: Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, here designated.

Ety.: Named in honor of Alfred Rendle, investigator of the orchids of Jamaica.

Plants perennial, very small to large, weak to robust, erect to pendent, epiphytic, lithophytic to

terrestrial, the rhizome very short to elongate between aerial stems (ramicauls); roots few to many,

slender to coarse or fleshy. Ramicauls ascending to erect, single to proliferating another ramicaul,

slender to stout, non-pseudobulbous, usually longer than the leaf, unifoliate, enclosed by lepanthiform

sheaths (a series of tubular, ribbed, imbricating sheaths with oblique, more or less dilated ostia, with the

ribs and thickened margins of the ostia usually scabrous or ciliate), with the inflorescence arising with an

annular ring (annulus) from near the apex (the leaf-stem abscission layer). Leaf erect in relation to the

ramicaul, coriaceous to thinly coriaceous, smooth, ciliate or spiculate, rarely reticulated, often suffused

with purple, ovate to narrowly ovate, elliptical to narrowly elliptical to linear or rarely terete, the apex

acute, obtuse to rounded, shallowly notched with a mucro in the sinus, the base rounded, cuneate or

narrowly cuneate into a short petiole. Inflorescence racemose, single or fasciculate, longer or shorter

than the leaf, densely or distantly flowered, few- to many-flowered, usually successively flowered, borne

by a slender peduncle either on top of the leaf, behind the leaf, or far beyond the leaf; floral bracts thin

and tubular to infundibular, oblique, often ciliate or echinate; pedicels slender to stout, longer or shorter

than the floral bract; ovary smooth, or spiculate, trivalvate with the ribs smooth, carinate or crested.

Flowers variously colored; sepals conspicuous, usually membranous, smooth, ciliate, denticulate or

pubescent, broad to narrow, obtuse to acute or acuminate, occasionally caudate, nearly free to deeply

connate, 1- to 3-veined; petals membranous, transversely bilobed, occasionally with a marginal process

or third lobe, glabrous to pubescent; lip variously trilobed, with the margins of the lateral lobes most

often developed into blades that flank or overlie the column, the portion of the lateral lobe below the

blade is the connective, the middle lobe is variously developed into a unique and extremely variable

structure, the appendix, the central portion of the lip between the two connectives and from which the

appendix arises is the body, the body connate to the base or undersurface of a footless column; column

more or less terete with the apex clavate, the anther dorsal or apical, unhooded, the rostellum apical, the

pollinia 2, yellow, pyriform, with a common viscidium, the stigma single-lobed or bilobed, apical, subap-

ical, or ventral, the base of the column footless, continuous with the ovary.

Checklist of the species of Jamaica published in Lepanthes.

Names in boldface indicate an accepted species; names in italics indicate a synonym.

Lepanthes adamsii Hespenh.

Lepanthes arcuata Fawc. & Rendle [= L. elliptica].

Lepanthes bilabiata Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes brevipetala Fawc. & Rendle [= Lepanthopsis melanantha (Rchb.f.) Ames].

Lepanthes brownii Hespenh. [= L. tubuliflora].

Lepanthes byfieldii Hespenh.

Lepanthes cochlearifolia (Sw.) Sw.

Lepanthes concinna Sw. [= L. ovalis].

Lepanthes concolor Fawc. & Rendle [= L. rotundata].

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

Lepanthes convexa Hespenh.

Lepanthes crassifolia Rchb.f. [= L. ovalis].

Lepanthes divaricata Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes divaricata var. minor. [= L. divaricata].

Lepanthes elliptica Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes harrisii Fawc. & Rendle. [= Lepanthopsis melanantha (Rchb.f.) Ames].

Lepanthes hollymountensis Luer & H.P.Jesup

Lepanthes interiorubra Hespenh.

Lepanthes intermedia Hespenh. [= L. obtusipetala].

Lepanthes jesupii Luer

Lepanthes lanceolata Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes loddigesiana Rchb.f.

Lepanthes multiflora Adams & Hespenh.

Lepanthes obtusa Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes obtusipetala Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes proctorii Garay & Hespenh.

Lepanthes pulchella (Sw.) Sw.

Lepanthes quadrata Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes rotundata Griseb.

Lepanthes sanguinea Hook.

Lepanthes simplex Hespenh.

Lepanthes tridentata sensu Lindl. [= L. loddigesiana].

Lepanthes tridentata (Sw.) Sw.

Lepanthes tubuliflora Hespenh.

Lepanthes unguicularis Hespenh.

Lepanthes vinacea Hespenh.

Lepanthes woodiana Fawc. & Rendle

Lepanthes wullschlaegelii Fawc. & Rendle

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

1 Inflorescence exceeding the leaf

2 Raceme laxly flowered.L. loddigesiana

2’ Raceme subdense to congested

3 Sepals caudate and ciliate.L. pulchella

y Sepals neither caudate nor ciliate

4 Petals transversely bilobed

5 Petals with lobes sharply acute and ciliate.££4^ .L. proctorii

5’ Petals with apex of lobes rounded, eciliate..L. multiflora

4’ Petals not transversely bilobed.L tubuliflora

1 ’ Inflorescence shorter than the leaf

6 Sepals minutely denticulate to ciliate

7 Lip with elliptical blades and a pubescent, pedunculate appendix...L. sanguinea

T Lip not with elliptical blades and a pubescent, pedunculate appendix

8 Sepals minutely denticulate; lip with rounded basal lobes. L. rotundata

8’ Sepals coarsely ciliate; lip with narrow, elongate, basal lobes.L. quadrata

6’ Sepals entire

9 Lip entire

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

10 Lip triangular with incurved margins and acute apex.L. unguicularis

10 Lip transversely oblong, entire.L. simplex

9’ Lip bilobed

11 Lip with lobes nearly free to the base

12 Lip with blades lunate, beside the column.L. vinacea

12’ Lip with blades cylindrical, curved along top of the column. L. tridentata

11 ’ Lip with blades supported by a connective

13 Lip with elliptical, ovate, or uncinate blades

14 Lip with blades elliptical or ovate

15 Petals with upper lobes distinctly larger or longer than the lower lobes

16 Petals with upper lobes broadly truncate, the lower lobes narrowly

acute.L. adamsii

16’ Petals not with upper lobes quadrate-oblong, nor lower lobes narrowly

acute

17 Petals with upper lobes suborbicular, twice larger than the lower

lobes.L. lanceolata

17’ Petals with upper lobes subtriangular, twice to thrice longer than the

lower lobes

18 Lip with blades 1.2 mm long; petals with upper lobe acute.

. L. wullschlaegelii

18’ Lip with blades 0.6 mm long; petals with upper lobe obtuse

19 Petals with lobes opposite, 180°, the upper lobe thrice longer...

. L. interiorubra

19’ Petals with lobes diverging, 90°, the upper lobe ca. 1.5 longer...

.L. hollymountensis

15’ Petals with upper lobes indistinctly larger or longer than the lower lobes

20 Petals with upper lobes subtriangular, narrower than the lower lobe...

.L. convexa

20’ Petals with upper lobes sub truncate, slightly wider than the lower lobe

21 Sepals obtuse; lip with body broad; appendix proportionately large...

... L. obtusa

21’ Sepals acute; lip with body narrow; appendix proportionately small...

.L. obtusipetala

14’ Lip with apex of blades uncinate, acute

22 Petals with an elongated process on both lobes.L. cochlearifolia

22’ Petals not with elongated processes

23 Lateral sepals acute, diverging.L. divaricata

23’ Lateral sepals subacute or obtuse, incurved

24 Petals with lobes subquadrate; lip with lobes much longer than the

column.L. elliptica

24’ Petals with lobes subtriangular; lip with lobes slightly longer than the

column. L. jesupii

13’ Lip without distinct blades

25 Lip with lobes subtriangular-hastate with apices acuminate in apposition...

.L. ovalis

25’ Lip not with lobes subtriangular-hastate with apices acuminate

26 Lip with blades developed with an appendix

27 Sepals 7 mm long; lip 1.2 mm long.L. byfieldii

27’ Sepals 1.5 mm long; lip 0.5 mm long.L. woodiana

26’ Lip subcordate, retuse, without an appendix.L. bilabiata

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

Lepanthes adamsii Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 19, 1968.

Ety.: Named in honor of Charles Dennis Adams who collected the type of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-11 cm long,

enclosed by 7-9 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ovate to ovate-

subcordate, acute, 42-58 mm long, 22-30 mm wide, the base contracted into a petiole 3-5 mm long.

Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme 20-51 mm long, borne by a

filiform peduncle of unstated length; floral bracts shortly ciliate, infundibuliform, acute, 1.3-1.4 mm

long; pedicels 1.9-2.1 mm long; ovary not noted; sepals with color not recorded, entire, ovate, acute, the

dorsal sepal 3.2 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75 mm, the lateral sepals ob¬

lique, 2.2 mm long, 1.5-1.6 mm wide, connate to each other for half to a third the length; petals trans¬

versely bilobed, upper lobe quadrate-oblong, 1.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the lower lobe smaller, falcate-

triangular, acute, acuminate. 1.2-1.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at the junction with the dorsal sepal; lip

bilaminate, the blades dolabriform to elliptical with incurved, uncinate apex, 1 mm long, the connectives

broadly cuneate, the body wide, connate to the base of the column, the obtuse sinus with a minute, del¬

toid, ciliate appendix; column slender, 1.1 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Portland, Fishbrook above Millbank, Rio Grande, alt. 750 ft., C.D. Adams 11486

(Holotype: UCWI).

This species is known only from the type collection made at a lower altitude

than the other species known on the island, that usually occur at altitudes well

above 1,000 feet. The present description and illustration were made from those

originally published. The species is characterized by a habit larger than average on

the island with a congested raceme shorter than the typically ovate leaf. The sepals

are ovate and acute. The petals are transversely bilobed with the upper lobe sub¬

quadrate and truncate, and the lower lobe acutely uncinate. The blades of the lip are

elliptical with acute, incurved apices. The appendix is small and obtuse.

Lepanthes bilabiata Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 7: 4,

1904.

Ety.: From the Latin bilabiatus, “bilabiate,” referring to the concave dorsal (middle) sepal and

the opposite lateral sepals in apposition that create a bilabiate flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 25-32 mm long, enclosed

by 5-7 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 18-21

mm long, 8-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, dis¬

tichous, successively several-flowered raceme to 5 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 2-4 mm long; floral bracts 0.75-1 mm long; pedicels 0.5-0.75 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long;

sepals entire, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal purple-black, deeply concave, 2.9 mm long, 2 mm wide

unexpanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals yellow-white, oblique, slightly

concave, 2.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals glandular-pubescent, transversely bilobed,

0.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the upper lobe purple-black, oblong, obtuse, the lower lobe yellow-white,

triangular, acute, slightly shorter than the upper sepal; lip yellow-white, glabrous, bilobed, subquadrang-

ular, the lobes ovate with rounded ends, erect, encircling the column, 1 mm long, 1.8 mm wide expand¬

ed, connate to the base of the column, the anterior margin shallowly retuse, minutely ciliate; column 1

mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Surrey: near Mabess River, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., 22 Feb. 1900, W. Harris s.n. (Lectotype

here designated: BM; Isolectotype: UCWI); Portland, ridge below Vinegar Hill, alt. 3,800 ft., W. Harris

10095 (AMES, NY, UCWI); Uncommon Hill above Fruitful Vale, alt. 2,500 ft., G.R. Proctor 8552 (IJ,

AMES); Haycock Mt., Balcarres, alt. 2,750-3,000 ft., G.R. Proctor 8093 (IJ, AMES); St. Thomas, Com

Puss Gap, alt. 2,000 ft., 27 May 1949, G.B. Fairchild (IJ); Woodcutter’s Gap, alt. 4200 fr., 10 Oct. 1908,

W. Harris s.n. (UCWI); Haycock Hill, 1969, collected by H. Brown, flowered in cultivation by H.P.

Jesup, Nov. 1988, C. LuerA12875 (MO).

In 1904, Fawcett and Rendle published an illustration of this uncommon species

with their original description, and cited three collections. The first is designated

the lectotype. Lepanthes bilabiata is apparently endemic in the Blue Mountains of

the eastern part of the island. Hespenheide (1968) treated it as a synonym of L.

loddigesiana Rchb.f.

Lepanthes bilabiata is characterized by a short, congested inflorescence, consid-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

erably shorter than the small, elliptical leaf. The dorsal sepal is deeply concave

while the acute lateral sepals are semiconnate. The upper lobe of the petals is

oblong while the lower lobe is triangular. The lip is transversely ovate-bilobed with

the rounded lobes encircling the column. The apex is retuse without forming an

appendix. The purplish black color of the dorsal sepal and upper lobes of the petals

are in stark contrast to the yellowish white of the lower half of the flower that in¬

cludes the lateral sepals, lower lobes of the petals and the lip.

Lepanthes byfieldii Hespenh., Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 42(10): 871, 1973.

Ety.: Named in honor of John Byfield of the Forest Department of Jamaica, co-discoverer of this

species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-7

cm long, enclosed by 5-9 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly ellipti¬

cal, obtuse, 17-23 mm long, 9-14 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme to 10 mm long, borne on the

dorsum of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 10-13 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5-1 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals clear golden yellow, entire, slightly undulate, carinate, broadly ovate,

obtuse, slightly acuminate, the dorsal sepal 6-7.5 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals

for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 5.5-7 mm long, connate 3-3.5 mm, 5.5-6.5 mm wide together; petals

yellow, suffused with red medially, transversely bilobed, cellular-glandular, 1 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

the lobes obliquely oblong, obtuse, the upper lobe slightly broader and longer; lip red, cellular-glandular,

bilobed, subquadrangular, the lobes oblong with rounded ends, erect, embracing the column, 1.2 mm

long, 2 mm wide expanded, connate to near the middle of the column, the anterior margin retuse with a

small, membranous, triangular, ciliate appendix; column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ven¬

tral.

JAMAICA: Surrey: St. Thomas, John Crow Mtns, ridge above Bowden Pen, alt. 3,000-3,300 ft., 6 July

1971, Marcia M. Kindlmann, Peter J. Kindlmann & John Byfield s.n. (Holotype: US); flowered in culti¬

vation by Phillips & Ann Jesup in Bristol, CT., Nov. 1988, C. Luer 13777 (MO).

This species is known only from the type collection made at the very wet crest

of the ridge in the John Crow Mountains. A division of the original collection was

given to H.P. Jesup in 1971 who has successfully cultivated it in his extensive

collection in Bristol, Connecticut.

Lepanthes byfieldii is distinguished by the congested, short-pedicellate raceme

shorter than the broadly elliptical leaf; the relatively large, clear golden yellow

shortly acuminate, slightly undulate sepals; transversely bilobed petals; and a trans¬

verse, bilobed lip with the oblong lobes erect and embracing the column.

Lepanthes cochlearifolia (Sw.) Sw., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 86,

1799.

Bas.: Epidendrum cochlearifolium Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 126, 1799.

Ety.: From the Latin cochlearifolius y “with spoon-like leaves.”

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect to suberect, slender, 1.5-6 cm

long, enclosed by 4-8 long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, occasionally suffused

with purple beneath, broadly elliptical to suborbicular, convex, obtuse, 15-25 mm long, 10-18 mm wide,

the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively

several-flowered raceme to 5 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3-6 mm long;

floral bracts echinate, 1-1.25 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple, en¬

tire, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 4.5-5 mm long, 2.25-3 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1

mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 4.5-5 mm long, 2.25-3 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals yellow-orange,

minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed (four-lobed), 1 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, the lobes about equal

in size and shape, each lobe with a narrowly linear process projecting upward or downward respectively,

each lobe with an accessory lobule on the inner margin above the base; lip purple, minutely pubescent,

bilaminate, the lobes narrowly falcate, acute, 2 mm long, the connectives cuneate from below the middle

of the blades, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the sinus with a minute, oblong, ciliate

appendix; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

JAMAICA: “Omnes in India occidental veget,” O. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotypes: C, M).

Surrey: Portland, north of Hardwar Gap, alt. 3,600 ft., M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson

638 (DUKE); near Hardwar Gap, alt. 1050 m, 15 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11499 (MO);

slopes of John Crow Peak, above Mabess River, alt. 300 ft., 5 Sept. 1902, W. Fawcett s.n. (BM, K);

Uncommon Hill above Fruitful Vale, alt. 2,250-2,500 ft., G.R. Proctor 8551 (AMES, IJ, AMES); west of

Ecclesdown, alt. 1,750 ft., C.D. Adams 9117 (UCWI); Haycock Hill, collected by H. Brown, flowered in

cultivation by H.P. Jesup in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer A12845 (MO).

Infrequent in the humid forests of the Blue and John Crow Mountains of the

eastern part of the island, Lepanthes cochlearifolia is characterized by long-

pubescent lepanthiform sheaths; broadly elliptical leaves; a short, congested, dis¬

tichous inflorescence; ovate, acute sepals; four-lobed petals consisting of two

opposite, narrowly linear processes and two shorter processes on the inner margins

near the base; and a bilaminate lip, with narrowly falcate blades and a small, ob¬

long, ciliate appendix.

Lepanthes convexa Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 15, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin convexus, “convex,” referring to the sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-6 cm long, enclosed by

6-7 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute,

20-29 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested,

distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 15 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 9-11 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

yellow, entire, convex, carinate, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, connate to the

lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals 2.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals orange,

transversely bilobed, minutely pubescent, 0.8 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lobes obliquely oblong, obtuse,

the upper lobe subfalcate, slightly longer; lip red-purple, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades ovate, convex,

1.3 mm long, with acute apices and rounded bases, the connectives oblong, the body broad, connate to

the base of the column, the obtuse sinus with a triangular, pubescent appendix; column 1 mm long, the

anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Cornwall: Trelawny, 4 miles westnorthwest of Troy on Crown Lands Road, alt. 2,200-2,400

ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1182 (Holotype: PH; Isotypes: AMES, BM,

DUKE, K); M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 744 (UCWI); near Troy, alt. 640 m, 10

Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11468, 11473 (MO); Island View Hill, 1.5 miles north of

Warsop, alt. 2,000-2,200 ft., G.R. Proctor 21356 (IJ).

Apparently restricted to the seasonally dry, scrub forests of the southeastern part

of the Cockpit Country, Lepanthes convexa is characterized by a thick, elliptical

leaf; a shorter, congested inflorescence borne on the front surface; convex, ovate

sepals; transversely bilobed petals; and a bilaminate lip with glabrous, ovate blades

and a pubescent, triangular appendix.

Lepanthes divaricata Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 7:

11, 1904.

Ety.: From the Latin divaricatus, “divaricate,” referring to the spreading sepals.

Syn.: Lepanthes divaricata var. minor Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn, Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2,1: 12,

1904.

Ety.: From the Latin minor, “less,” referring to the smaller plant and flowers.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-10

cm long, enclosed by 5-9 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute,

slightly acuminate, 2-3 cm long, 1-1.7 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence

a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme to 10 mm long, borne either on top of or

beneath the leaf by a filiform peduncle 8-10 mm long; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.25 mm

long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals yellow, often suffused with red, entire, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal

3.25 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, diverg-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ing, 3.25 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, connate 0.5 mm; petals yellow, suffused with purple, microscopically

pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lobes oblong, the upper lobe slightly

longer, subtruncate, the apex of the lower lobe rounded; lip yellow, suffused with purple, glabrous,

bilaminate, the blades narrowly ovate as thickened margins of the rounded connectives, 1.2 mm long,

flanking the column, the apices acute, minutely ciliate, the connectives broadly cuneate, the body broad,

connate to the base of the column, the sinus rounded, the appendix external, short, oblong, pubescent;

column stout, 1 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Near Woodcutter’s Gap, alt. 4,000 ft., 6 Mar. 1900, W. Harris s.n. (Lectotype: BM,

designated by Hespenheide, 1968, A Revision of the West Indian species of Lepanthes, p. 11; Isolecto-

type: NY); near Woodcutter’s Gap, 6 Mar. 1900, W. Harris 7832, 7833 (C). “Ellen Aire,” Moy Hall, 14

Sept. 1887, FC. Sullivan s.n. (holotype of var. minor: BM; isotype: NY); near Portlands Gap, 4 Aug.

1902, W. Fawcett s.n. (AMES, BM); St. Andrew, Lower western Ridge of Blue Mtn Peak, alt. 1700-

1950 m, 4-9 July 1926, W.R. Maxon 9847 (C, US); ridge from Morse’s Gap to John Crow Peak, alt.

4,900-5,500 ft., G.R. Proctor 9514 (AMES, IJ, NY, AMES); Fairy Glade, Mt. Horeb, alt. 4,100 ft., M.R.

Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 365 (DUKE); Fairy Glade, alt. 1340-1380 m, 13 Nov. 1985,

C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11485 (MO). Portland, ridge from Blue Mountain Peak to Sugar Loaf, alt.

6,600 ft., G.R. Proctor 4338 (IJ, AMES); Mt. Caledonia, alt. 4,500 ft., C.D. Adams 12536 (UCWI); St.

Thomas, summit of Blue Mountain Peak, alt. 2100-2200 m, W.R. Maxon 9871 (AMES, NY, US); near

Portland Gap, alt. 5,300-6,300 ft., C.D. Adams 10601 (UCWI).

Endemic and frequent in the Blue Mountains on the eastern part of the island,

Lepanthes divaricata is characterized by the congested, distichous inflorescence

shorter than the elliptical leaf; narrowly ovate, acute sepals, the laterals diverging;

transversely oblong petals; and a bilaminate lip, the blades ovate and flanking the

column, and with an oblong, external, pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes elliptica Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47: 5, 1909.

Ety.: From the Latin ellipticus , “elliptical,” referring to the shape of the leaves.

Syn.: Lepanthes arcuata Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47: 6, 1909.

Ety.: From the Latin arcuatus, “arcuate,” possibly referring to the commonly arching ramicaul.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, somewhat arching, slender, 15-30

cm long, enclosed by 6-8 long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, more or less suffused

with purple beneath, elliptical, acute to subacute, 13-17 mm long, 10-16 mm wide, the base cuneate into

a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme to 7

mm long, borne beneath the leaf by a filiform peduncle 3-6 mm long; floral bracts echinate, 1 mm long;

pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals red-purple, entire, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 3.5-4.5

mm long, 2.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 3.5-4.5 mm

long, 2.25 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals yellow-orange, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5

mm long, 1 mm wide, the lobes subequal, subquadrate-truncate; lip purple, ciliate, bilaminate, the blades

narrowly ovate as thickened margins of the falcate connectives, 2 mm long, embracing the column, the

the apices narrowly acute, attenuate, minutely ciliate, protruding beyond the apex of the column, the

connectives cuneate, the body broad, connate to the base of the column, the sinus acute, with a small,

oblong, pubescent appendix; column stout, 1.25 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Middlesex: St. Ann, Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,700 ft., W. Harris 9895a (Holotype:

BM; Isotypes: NY, UCWI); Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,600 ft., 17 Feb. 1905, W Harris s.n. (holo¬

type of L. arcuata : BM; isotype: UCWI); Schwallenburgh property northeast of Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,000-

2,300 ft., G.R. Proctor & R.A. Howard 13637 (IJ); Union Hill near Moneague, alt. 700 m, N.L. Britton &

A. Hollick 2795 (AMES, NY); Mt. Diablo, south of Moneague, alt. 830 m, 11 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer,

H.P. & A. Jesup 11479 (MO). St. Catherine: Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, C.D. Adams 11709 (UWI); site

of “Blue Mountain,” 2.5 miles south of Hollymount Road, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,800-2,900 ft., H.A. & E.B.

Hespenheide, J.S. Culver & R.E. Ricklefs 1419 (DUKE); Clarendon, Banana Ground to Sunbury, alt.

3,050 ft., C.D. Adams 8435 (UCWI).

This species is endemic and frequent in the humid forests of the central part of

the island. The type localities for both Lepenthes elliptica Fawc. & Rendle and L.

arcuata Fawc. & Rendle are Hollymount, Mt. Diablo. The differences between the

two types could not be substantiated by either Adams or Hespenheide (Hespen¬

heide, 1968).

Lepanthes elliptica is characterized by the long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths; the

congested, distichous inflorescence shorter than the elliptical leaf that is more or

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

less suffused with purple; ovate, acute sepals; short, transverse petals with subequal

lobes more or less subquadrate; and a bilaminate lip, the blades narrowly ovate with

attenuated apices protruding beyond the apex of the column. The small, pubescent

appendix is held between the margins of the sinus.

Lepanthes hollymountensis Luer & H.P.Jesup, Selbyana 23(1); 11, 2002.

Ety.: Named for Hollymount where this species, or putative hybrid, is found.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect to more or less arching, slender,

3-5.5 cm long, enclosed by 7-8 minutely scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect to subpendent,

coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, 16-20 mm long, 11-14 mm wide, the base cuneate into a

petiole 1-1.5 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme 6-

12 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 5-8 mm long; floral bracts muricate, 0.5 mm

long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow-green, entire, ovate, subacute to ovate, the

dorsal sepal 2.2 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals

oblique, 2 mm long, 2.2 mm wide together, connate 1 mm; petals microscopically pubescent, transverse¬

ly bilobed with lobes obliquely diverging, 0.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the upper lobe bright crimson,

obliquely triangular, narrowly rounded at the apex, 1 mm long, the lower lobe orange, obliquely triangu¬

lar, rounded at the apex, 0.5 mm long; lip bright crimson, cellular-glandular, bilaminate, the blades thick,

oblong with the apex narrowly rounded, with the base rounded, 0.6 mm long, flanking the column, the

connectives cuneate-oblong, thick, the body broad, connate to the base of the column, the appendix

proportionately large, oblong, pubescent, originating external to the sinus; column stout, 0.6 mm long,

the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: St. Catherine: Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, collected by Henry Brown, flowered in cultivation,

Bristol, CT, 26 Apr. 1987, by H.P. Jesup s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. A12846.

This taxon is possibly a natural hybrid between Lepanthes wullschlaegelii Fawc.

& Rendle, and either L. woodiana Fawc. & Rendle, or L. interiorubra Hespenh., all

three taxa occurring in the area around Mt. Diablo. Plants intermediate between L.

interiorubra and the previous two were noted by Hespenheide (1968). The sepals

of all three taxa are similar, those of L. wullschlaegelii being larger.

Lepanthes hollymountensis resembles a robust variation of L. woodiana with

more elongate lobes of the petals. The obliquely diverging lobes of the petals of L.

hollymountensis are similar to those of L. wullschlaegelii , but the blades of the lip

are half the size and flank the column like those of L. interiorubra instead of cover¬

ing it.

Lepanthes interiorubra Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 14,

1968.

Ety.: From the Latin interioruber, “red interior,” referring to the color of the sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-4.5 cm long, enclosed

by 5-6 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to acute, 17-20

mm long, 8-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, dis¬

tichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 5-9 mm long; floral bracts glabrous, 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals

yellow, red toward the base, entire, ovate, subacute, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 0.2 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 1.75 mm long, 1.9 mm wide together, connate

0.8 mm; petals red-purple, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the

upper lobe oblong-triangular, rounded at the apex, 1.2 mm long, the lower lobe transversely triangular,

broadly rounded at the apex, 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip red-purple, cellular-glandular, bilaminate,

the blades thick, ovoid with the apex narrowly rounded, with the base broadly rounded, 0.6 mm long,

flanking the column, the connectives broadly oblong, thick, the body broad, connate to the base of the

column, the anterior margin with an oblong, pubescent appendix; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.4 mm

wide, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: St. Catherine: Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, site of “Blue Mountain,” 2.5 miles south of

Hollymount Road, alt. 2800-2900 ft, H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1418 (Holo¬

type: PH; Isotypes: AMES, BM, DUKE, K); Mt. Diablo, collected by Ancile Glauden, flowered in culti¬

vation in Bristol, CT, Dec. 1996, by H.R Jesup s,n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18097.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes interiorubra is not remarkably distinct vegetatively from other spe¬

cies found in the area of Mt. Diablo. It is distinguished by a small habit with ovate

leaves shorter than slender ramicauls. The short, few-flowered raceme is much

shorter than the leaf upon which it is borne. The yellow sepals are red toward the

base, and ovate with the laterals connate above the middle. The petals and lip are

red-purple. The upper lobe of the petals is thrice longer than the blunt, lower lobe.

The blades of the lip are ovate with broad connectives and body with the appendix

oblong and pubescent.

Lepanthes jesupii Luer, Selbyana 22: 107, 2001.

Ety.: Named in honor of H. Phillips Jesup of Bristol, CT., who has successfully cultivated this spe¬

cies for over 20 years.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 cm long,

enclosed by 7-8 long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, green, broadly elliptical to

suborbicular, the apex obtuse to rounded, the sides of mature leaves deflexed, 25-35 mm long, 21-27 mm

wide, the rounded base abruptly contracted into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, dis¬

tichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 7 mm long, borne on top or beneath the leaf by a

filiform peduncle 6-7 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long;

sepals light yellow, entire, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 6.5 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, connate to the

lateral sepals for 1.75 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals

light yellow, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lobes subequal in

size, the upper lobe oblong, oblique, rounded, the lower lobe triangular, acute, with an obtuse angle on

the margin; lip light yellow, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades narrowly ovate as thickened margins of the

falcate connectives, 2 mm long, embracing the column, the the apices narrowly acute, attenuate, protrud¬

ing beyond the apex of the column, the connectives cuneate, the body broad, connate to the base of the

column, the sinus acute, with a minute, oblong, pubescent appendix; column stout, 1.5 mm long, the

anther and stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Surrey: St. Thomas, Rio Grande near Bowden Pen, alt. 900 ft., M.R. Crosby & W.R. Ander¬

son 1087 (DUKE, UCWI); Rio Grande neasr Bowden Pen, collected by H. Brown, 1967, flowered in

cultivation in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 26 Apr. 1987, by H.R Jesup s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr.

A12873. ,

This rare species is apparently endemic in a limited area of forest of the eastern

part of the island. One plant has been in cultivation for over 20 years by H.P. Jesup

in Connecticut. It had been considered to be a variation of the rather frequent

Lepanthes elliptica Fawc. & Rendle that is found in the central part of the island.

Lepanthes jesupii is differs from L. elliptica in the larger habit; large, green,

round leaves with the sides more or less deflexed; larger, pale yellow flowers; petals

with oblique lobes that are not quadrate and truncate; and glabrous blades of the lip.

Lepanthes lanceolata Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 18, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin lanceolatus , “lanceolate,” referring to the shape of the leaf.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-10

cm long, enclosed by 5-9 microscopically ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf suffused with

purple beneath, erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute, 20-45 mm long, 12-20 mm wide, the base

cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered

raceme up to 13 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 7-8 mm long; floral bracts sparse¬

ly ciliate, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals light yellow, entire, broadly

ovate, the dorsal sepal obtuse, 2.7-3.4 mm long, 2.7-3 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75

mm, the lateral sepals subacute, oblique, 2.6-3 mm long, 1.7-2 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals yellow,

suffused with purple basally, transversely bilobed, microscopically pubescent, 1-1.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm

wide, the upper lobe broadly obovate to suborbicular, the lower lobe smaller, broadly triangular, obtuse;

lip bilaminate, the blades purple with white apices, narrowly elliptical, microscopically pubescent, 1.4

mm long, with the ends narrowly obtuse, the connectives cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base

of the column, the obtuse sinus with a narrowly oblong, pubescent appendix; column 1 mm long, the

anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Cornwall: St. James, 0.5 mile west of Mocho Crossroads, alt. 2,200-2,400 ft., H.A. & E.B.

Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1673 (Holotype: PH; Isotype: DUKE); west of Mocho Cross¬

roads, collected by H.P. & A. Jesup, 1979, flowered in cultivation by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT., 25

Apr. 1987, C. Luer A12837 (MO).

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

Lepanthes lanceolata is known from only one locality of seasonally dry, scrub

forest in the southwestern part of the Cockpit Country. It is characterized by an

elliptical-ovate leaf; a shorter, congested inflorescence borne along the back side;

broadly ovate sepals; broad, bilobed petals; and a bilaminate lip with glabrous,

narrowly elliptical blades and a pubescent, narrowly oblong appendix.

Lepanthes lanceolata is similar to L. ohtusipetala Fawc. & Rendle, and may be

a variation of the latter. It is distinguished from the latter by the apices of the lateral

sepals that slightly diverge, slightly wider upper lobes of the petals, and a slightly

longer appendix that is narrowly oblong with of a terminal segment.

Lepanthes loddigesiana Rchb.f., Xenia Orchidaceae 1: 145, 1856.

Ety.: Named in honor of Conrad Loddiges, publisher of The Botanical Cabinet.

Syn.: Lepanthes tridentata sensu Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1762, 1835, not (Sw.) Sw.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by

5-7 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse,

8-14 mm long, 6-11 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence an

erect, lax, successively several-flowered raceme up to 23 mm long, borne beyond the leaf by a filiform

peduncle ca. 10 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals

glabrous, entire, carinate, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal purple, 3 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals yellow, purple toward the base, oblique, 3 mm

long, 1.6 mm wide, connate 1.2 mm; petals purple, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.6 mm

long, 1.8 mm wide, the lobes subequal in size, the upper lobe oblong, oblique, rounded at the apex, the

lower lobe triangular, obtuse; lip yellow, glabrous (microscopically cellular), bilobed, the lobes thick,

hemispherical, 1.3 mm long, with ends rounded, the inner margin of the rounded apex very shortly

acuminate, the connectives nearly as broad as the lobes, the body broad, connate to the base of the

column, the anterior margin developed into a broadly triangular, villous appendix; column stout, 0.5 mm

long, the anther dorsal, and stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: without locality, imported by Messrs. Loddiges s.n. (Holotype: illustration published by

Lindley, Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1762, 1835).

Middlesex: St. Ann, Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. ca. 2,700 ft., collected and cultivated Mar. 1996 by A.

Gloudon s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17851.

An illustration of this distinctive species was published under the name Lep¬

anthes tridentata by Lindley in Edwards’s Botanical Register in 1835. Realizing

that this species was not the L. tridentata of Swartz, Reichenbach published it as L.

loddigesiana in his first volume of Xenia Orchidaceae in 1856, based on Lindley’s

publication. Loddiges had received living plants from Jamaica from which the

illustration was made. Lindley stated that this was the first species of the genus to

be seen alive in Europe. This is contrary to the usual scenario of common species

being discovered first.

Lepanthes loddigesiana is very rare, not having been recognized again until

found in culture by Jesup in Jamaica in 1996. Fawcett & Rendle had never seen the

plant. Hespenheide, who considered L. bilabiata Fawc. & Rendle synonymous with

L. loddigesiana , had not seen the plant. Apparently no herbarium record was made

of the original collection.

A collection of an unidentified plant mixed with Lepanthes elliptica Fawc. &

Rendle was made by Ancile Gloudon in March, 1996, and cultivated by him in

Kingston. There, a flowering plant was discovered by H. Phillips Jesup who

immediately recognized the species as something he had not seen before. Flowers

were preserved in liquid from which the accompanying illustration was made. It

leaves no doubt that it is the same species pictured a century and a half earlier in the

Botanical Register.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes loddigesiana is a small plant characterized by an erect, loose raceme

of small flowers that surpasses the small, broadly elliptical leaf. The sepals are

ovate, acute and glabrous; the petals are bilobed with the lobes broad, obtuse and

oblique; and the lobes of the lip are thick, erect discs without developing a true

blade. A minute, acute point is present on the inner margin of the apex. The body

of the lip is broad with a broadly triangular, long-pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes multiflora C.D.Adams & Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia

120: 16, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin multiflorus, “with many flowers,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly, coriaceous,

elliptical, obtuse, 7-16 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. In¬

florescence a congested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 15 mm long, borne

beyond the leaf by a filiform peduncle 13-25 mm long; floral bracts 0.75 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm

long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals yellow, entire, the dorsal sepal elliptical, obtuse, 2.2 mm long, 1.2 mm

wide, practically free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals oblong with rounded apices, 2.2 mm long,

0.8 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals yellow, transversely bilobed, cellular-glandular, 0.4 mm long, 2 mm

wide, the lobes obliquely oblong, obtuse, the upper lobe narrowly subfalcate, slightly longer; lip yellow,

glabrous, bilaminate, the blades ovate, 0.5 mm long, with acute apices and rounded bases, the connec¬

tives oblong, the body broad, connate to the base of the column, the sinus a protruding, triangular, micro¬

scopically pubescent third lobe; column 0.4 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Cornwall: Trelawney, 4 miles westnorthwest of Troy on Crown Lands Road, alt. 2,200-

2,400 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1183 (Holotype: PH; Isotypes: AMES,

BM, DUKE), M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 743 (UCWI); 6 miles westnorthwest of

Troy on Crown Lands Road, alt. 2,000-2,200 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs

1259 (DUKE, K, PH); near Troy, alt. 640 m, 10 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11467 (MO);

St. James, White Rock Hill, 1 mile south of Sweet Water, alt. 2,100 ft., G.R. Proctor 22988 (JI).

This minute species is apparently endemic in the seasonally dry, scrubby forests

of the Cockpit Country. It is characterized by the elliptical leaf far surpassed by the

peduncle bearing a congested, many-flowered raceme; minute flowers with oblong,

obtuse sepals; transversely bilobed petals; and a bilaminate lip with tiny, ovate,

glabrous blades and a comparatively large, equal-sized, microscopically pubescent,

triangular middle lobe, the appendix.

Lepanthes obtusa Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 7: 11,

1904.

Ety.: From the Latin obtusus, “obtuse,” referring to the apices of the petals.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-12

cm long, enclosed by 6-10 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, suffused

with purple, especially beneath, elliptical, acute, slightly acuminate, 2.5-6 cm long, 1-2.3 cm wide, the

base cuneate into a petiole 1-3 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-

flowered raceme up to 10 mm long, borne beneath the leaf by a filiform peduncle 6-16 mm long; floral

bracts echinate, 1-1.25 mm long; pedicels 1-1.25 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals red-purple to

orange-brown, entire, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 3.25-5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, connate to

the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 3-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm;

petals purple, or orange suffused with purple, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm

long, 2.25-3 mm wide, the lobes of equal length, the upper lobe oblong, truncate, the lower lobe triangu¬

lar, the apex rounded; lip purple, cellular-glandular, bilaminate, the blades narrowly ovate, 1.4 mm long,

the apices narrowly obtuse, the bases rounded, the connectives broadly cuneate, the body broad, connate

to the base of the column, the appendix in the sinus, pedunculated, ovoid, pubescent, minutely notched at

the apex; column stout, 1 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Portland, road to Vinegar Hill from Morse’s Gap, alt. 4,000 ft., 29 Apr. 1902, W.

Harris s.n. (Lectotype: BM; Isotype: K); road to Vinegar Hill, alt. 1175-1500 m, W.R. Maxon & E.P.

Killip 708 (AMES, F, NY, US); vicinity of Vinegar Hill, alt. 1200 m, 23 June 1924, W.R. Maxon 2774

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

(US); John Crow Mountains, 1.5-2.5 miles southwest of Ecclesdownm, alt. 1500-2500 m, G.R. Proctor

16264 (AMES, IJ); St. Thomas, Blue Mountain Peak to Portland Gap, alt. 6500-7,400 ft., M.R. Crosby,

H.A. Hespenheide &W.R. Anderson 943 (DUKE); crest of Gossamer Peak, alt. 800-900 m, W.R. Maxon

9305 (AMES, NY, US); Middlesex Co., St. Ann, 2.2 miles west of Albion, alt. 2,300-2,400 ft., H.A. &

E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 963 (DUKE); Schwallenburgh property, northeastern

slopes of Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,000-2,300 ft., G.R. Proctor & R.A. Howard 15144 (IJ); south of Moneague,

Mt. Diablo, alt. 850 m, 11 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11475 (MO); St. Catherine, Re¬

source, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,750 ft., C.D. Adams 10810 (UCWI); just west of Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt.

2,700-2,800 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1337 (DUKE, PH); St. Andrew,

Fairy Glade, Mt. Horeb, alt. 4,100 ft., M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W. R. Anderson 359 (DUKE);

Fairy Glade, alt. 1340-1380 m, 13 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11488 (MO).

Endemic but common in humid forests of the central and eastern parts of the

island, Lepanthes obtusa is recognized by the purplish, elliptical, slightly acuminate

leaves; congested, distichous inflorescences shorter than the leaf; broadly ovate,

obtuse sepals; transversely bilobed, obtuse petals; and a bilaminate lip with ovate

blades and a pedunculated, ovoid, pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes obtusipetala Fawc. & Rendle, FI. Jamaica 1: 72, 1910.

Bas. Lepanthes concinna (Sw.) Sw. var. obtusipetala Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,

Bot. ser. 2,7: 11, 1905.

Ety.: From the Latin obtusipetalus, “with obtuse petals,” referring to the shape of the petals.

Syn.: Lepanthes intermedia Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 20, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin intermedius , “intermediate,” referring to intermediate characters.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-8 cm long,

enclosed by 5-9 microscopically ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf suffused with purple

beneath, erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, acute, 20-45 mm long, 6-15 mm wide, the base cuneate into a

petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to

13 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 5-8 mm long; floral bracts echinate, 1.5 mm

long; pedicels 1-1.25 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals light yellow, entire, ovate, acute, the dorsal

sepal 4.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75 mm, the lateral sepals oblique,

4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals yellow, suffused with purple marginally and basally,

transversely bilobed, microscopically pubescent, 1 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lobes about equal in

length, the upper lobe broadly obovate, subtruncate, the lower lobe oblong with the apex rounded; lip

bilaminate, the blades rose, narrowly elliptical, microscopically pubescent, 1.75 mm long, with the ends

narrowly obtuse, the connectives cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the obtuse

sinus with a short, oblong, pubescent appendix with a terminal segment; column 1 mm long, the anther api¬

cal, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Portland, Portland Gap, alt. 5,550 ft., 29 June 1902, W. Fawcett s.n. (Holotype: BM;

Isotype: K); east ridge of Mossman’s Peak, alt. 1700-1925 m, W.R. Maxon 9778 (AMES, BM, NY, US);

John Crow Mountains, 1.5-2.5 miles southwest of Ecclesdown, alt. 1,500-2,500 ft., G.R. Proctor 16265

(IJ);St. Andrew, John Crow Peak, alt. 6,000 ft., G.E. Nichols 51 (AMES, K, MO, NY, US); Sir John’s

Peak, alt. 6,000 ft., N.L. Britton 202 (AMES, NY in part); St. Thomas, west ridge of Blue Mountain

Peak, alt. 1700-1950 m, W.R. Maxon 9848 (AMES, NY, US); Portland Gap to Blue Mountain Peak, alt.

6500-7,400 ft., M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 853 (DUKE, UCWI). without locality,

collected by B. Berliner, flowered in cultivation by H.P. Jesup in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer

12877 (MO). Cornwall: Trelawmey, Cockpit, northwest of Troy, alt. 1750 m, C.D. Adams 12428

(holotype of L. intermedia: UCWI);

Endemic, locally common, and variable in the humid, mountainous forests of

the eastern part of the island, Lepanthes obtusipetala is characterized by an ovate-

elliptical leaf; a shorter, congested inflorescence borne along the back side of the

leaf; ovate sepals; transversely bilobed petals; and a bilaminate lip with glabrous,

elliptical blades and a short, pubescent appendix with a terminal segment.

Hespenheide (1968) found Lepnthes intermedia Hespenh. to resemble closely

both L. obtusipetala and L. ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, but it resembles the

former so closely that it is treated here as a variation.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes ovalis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, FI. Jamaica 1: 71, 1910.

Bas.: Epidendrum ovale Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 125, 1788.

Ety.: From the Latin ovalis, “oval,” referring to the shape of the leaves.

Syn.: Lepanthes concinna Sw., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 85, 1799.

Ety.: From the Latin concinnus, “pretty,” referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Epidendrum concinnum (Sw.) Steud., Nomen. Bot. ed. 1, 299, 1821.

Syn.: Lepanthes crassifolia Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 47, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin crassifolius , “with thick leaves,” referring to the plant.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls erect to

arching, slender, 5-18 cm long, enclosed by 8-12 minutely ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, acuminate, 3-6 cm long, 1-2.3 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole

1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several- to many-flowered raceme up to

15 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 10-25 mm long; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long;

pedicels 1.5-3 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow to orange, entire, broadly ovate, subacute, the

dorsal sepal 3.75 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblique,

3.25 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals orange, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 2.75 mm

wide, the upper lobe essentially glabrous, suborbicular, obtusely angled on the inner margin, the lower

lobe minutely pubescent, narrowly triangular, obtuse; lip red-purple, cellular-glandular to minutely

pubescent, bilaminate, the blades narrowly oblong along the curved margins of the connectives, poorly

defined, surrounding the column, 1.4 mm long, the apices abruptly short-acuminate, in apposition, the

bases narrowly obtuse, the connectives broadly cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of the

column, the appendix oblong, pubescent, between the connectives in the natural position; column 1 mm

long, the anther and stigma apical.

JAMAICA: summits of the mountains, O. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotype: M); without locality, O.

Swartz 1?24 (holotype of L. concinna : C); without locality, flowered in cultivation at Kew, (holotype of

L. crassifolia : K). Middlesex: St. Ann, road to Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,700 ft., G.R. Proctor

22641 (IJ); south of Moneague, Mt. Diablo, alt. 830 m, 11 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup

11476 (MO). St. Catherine: Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, 30 Aug. 1905, W. Harris 9892 (AMES, BM, BR

in part, C, F, K, NY, UCWI, US); site of “Blue Mountain,” 2.5 miles south of Hollymount Road, Mt.

Diablo, alt. 2800-2900 ft, H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1415 (DUKE). Surrey:

St. Andrew, Morse’s Gap, alt. 5,000 ft., C.D. Adams 11353 (UCWI); Blue Mountains, 1987, O. Hansen

13 (C); Blue Mountains above Cinchona, alt. 1600 m, 15 Dec. 1958, J.G. Hawkes, J.P. Hjerting & R.N.

Lester 2277 (C); Fairy Glade, Mt. Horeb, alt. 4,100 ft., M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Ander¬

son 294, 366 (DUKE); Fairy Glade, alt. 1340-1380 m, 13 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup

11484 (MO); Portland, below Vinegar Hill, alt. 3,900 ft., W. Harris 10091 (AMES, NY, UCWI); Mt.

Caledonia, alt. 4,300 ft., C.D. Adams 11609 (UCWI); St. Thomas, southern slopes of Gossamer Peak, alt.

750-900 m, W.R. Maxon 9195 (AMES, BM, NY, US); southern slopes of Maccasucker Bump, alt. 825-

1025 m, W.R. Maxon 9607 (AMES, NY, US), 9560 (AMES, NY, US). 1887, F. C. Sullivan s.n. (BM).

Endemic in Jamaica, this species is common and widely distributed in appro¬

priate localities in the eastern half of the island, from the Mt. Diablo region through

the Blue Mountains. It was discovered by Olaf Swartz, and became the first species

of Lepanthes to be described, albeit in the genus Epidendrum.

Vegetatively the largest species of the genus on the island, Lepanthes ovalis is

characterized by a congested, distichous inflorescence shorter than the elliptical leaf

that is more or less acuminate at the apex. The flowers are small with broadly ovate

sepals, and the petals are transversely bilobed, the upper lobe rounded and consider¬

ably larger than the lower lobe. The lip is bilaminate, but the blades are merely

flattened margins of broadly rounded, cuneate connectives. The apices are abruptly

short-acuminate and held in apposition below the stigma. The appendix is a well-

formed, oblong, pubescent structure held between the connectives in the natural

position.

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA 15

Lepanthes proctorii Garay & Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 9,

1968.

Ety.: Named in honor of George R. Proctor, who first discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3.5-6 cm long, enclosed

by 6-9 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 7-17 mm long,

5-10 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a subdense, distichous, succes¬

sively many-flowered raceme up to 8 cm long including the filiform peduncle 2-6 cm long, borne far

beyond the leaf; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals translucent,

entire, acutely reflexed about the ovary, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, connate

to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals 2.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, connate 0.5 mm; petals

red, transversely bilobed, fimbriate, minutely pubescent, 0.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, the lobes narrowly

triangular, acute, attenuate, the upper lobe longer; lip red, minutely pubescent, bilobed, with basal angles

short, acute, erect, flanking the column, the blades subtriangular, acute, attenuate, 2.2 mm long, connate

to the base of the column, the sinus with a minute, pubescent, triangular appendix; column 1 mm long,

the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Portland, east slope of John Crow Mountains, 1.5 miles southwest of Ecclesdown,

alt. 1500-2,000 ft., G.R. Proctor 9244 (Holotype: IJ); Proctor’s Pool, alt. 2,500 ft., 27 July 1963, C.D.

Adams 9150 (UCWI); same collection data, M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 939

(AMES, DUKE, UCWI); collected by H. Brown, obtained by H.P. Jesup in 1968, flowered in cultivation

in Bristol, CT., Nov. 1988, C. Luer 13776 (MO).

Reportedly common in the higher areas of the John Crow Mountains of eastern

Jamaica, Lepanthes proctorii is characterized by a small, elliptical leaf borne by a

considerably longer ramicaul. A weak, flexible peduncle, much longer than the

raceme, exceeds the leaf. In life, the flower resembles a tiny, red gnat hovering

high above the plant (pers. comm. H.R Jesup). The sepals are acutely reflexed; the

petals are fimbriate with long-attenuate lobes; the lip is bilobed with the triangular

apical portions attenuate and much larger than the tiny basal angles flanking the

protruding column.

Lepanthes pulchella (Sw.) Sw., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 86, 1799.

Bas.: Epidendrumpulchellum Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 125, 1788.

Ety.: From the Latin pulchellus, “beautiful,” referring to the flowers.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, suberect, to horizontal,

slender, 3-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 7-11 mm long, 6-7.5 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a

petiole 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to

11 mm long, borne beyond the apex of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 5-12 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm

long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow, denticulate, ovate, acute, long-attenuate, the

dorsal sepal 6.5-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals ob¬

lique, 6.5-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, barely connate at the base; petals purple, minutely-pubescent, trans¬

versely bilobed, 0.6 mm long, 3.4 mm wide, the lobes about equal in size and shape, oblong with the

apices obliquely truncate; lip purple, minutely ciliate, glandular pubescent, bilaminate, the blades nar¬

rowly oblong, 1.4 mm long, embracing the column, the ends narrowly obtuse, the connectives cuneate,

the body narrow, connate to the column above the base, the appendix a minute, pubescent swelling in the

sinus; column 1.5 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Summit, Mt. Catherine, Swartz s.n. (Holotype: BM, photograph; Isotypes: C, M).

Morse’s Gap, alt. 1500 m, 12 Mar. 1920, W.R. Maxon & E.P. Killip 1031a (US). Portland: Port Royal

Mountains, Caledonia Peak, alt. 4,200 ft., 10 July 1952, G.R. Proctor 6906\ north of Newhaven Gap, alt.

5,500 ft., G.R. Proctor 16591 (IJ); Old England Trail, alt. 4,250 ft., C.D. Adams 12532 (UCWI); St.

Andrew, summit of John Crow Peak, alt. 5,500-5,750 ft., G.R. Proctor 9536 (IJ, AMES); above Cincho¬

na, alt. 1600 m, J.G. Hawkes 2276 (K); Fairy Glade, alt. 1340-1380 m, 13 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P.

& A. Jesup 11489 (MO); St. Thomas, Blue Mountain Peak to Portland Gap, alt. 6,500-7,400 ft., M.R.

Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 925 (DUKE); “Ellen Aire,” Moy Hall, 14 Sept. 1887, F.C.

Sullivan s.n. (BM).

Lepanthes pulchella is endemic in the Blue Mountains of the eastern part of the

island where it is relatively common. It is characterized by the congested, dis¬

tichous inflorescence shorter than the little, broadly elliptical leaf; narrowly ovate,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

denticulate sepals with long, attenuated apices; transversely bilobed petals with

obliquely truncate apices; and a bilaminate lip, the blades of which surround the

column, and with a minute, pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes quadrata Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 7: 7,

1904.

Ety.: From the Latin quatratus , “quadrate,” referring to the shape of the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-20 mm long, enclosed

by 3-4 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 11-18 mm long, 6-

7 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, succes¬

sively several-flowered raceme up to 3 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 2-3 mm

long; floral bracts echinate, 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals red-purple,

denticulate, the dorsal sepal concave, broadly ovate, obtuse, abruptly acuminate, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, acute, acuminate, 3.5 mm long,

l. 5 mm wide, connate 0.75 mm; petals red-purple, minutely pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.4 mm

long, 2 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong-falcate, acute, the lower lobe slightly shorter, oblong-triangular,

narrowly obtuse; lip purple, pubescent, subquadrate-trilobed, 5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apex retuse,

the basal angles produced into narrow processes 0.8 mm long, protruding above the column on either

side, connate to the column above the base; column stout, 0.8 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Portland, near Mabess River, alt. 3,500 ft., 22 Feb. 1900, W. Harris s.n. (Lectotype:

UCWI); near Mabess River, alt. 4,000 ft., 29 Apr. 1902, W. Harris s.n. (NY); 1.5 miles southwest of

Ecclesdown, alt. 1,500-2,000 ft., G.R. Proctor 9243 (IJ, AMES); St. Thomas, southern slopes of Gos¬

samer Peak, alt. 750-900 m, W.R. Maxon 9201 (AMES, BM, NY, US); Middlesex Co., Manchester, 0.5

mile northwest of Christiana, alt. 3,000 ft., G.R. Proctor 18291 (IJ); St. Ann, Douglas Castle District, alt.

2,300 ft., G.R. Proctor 26730 (IJ); Schwallenburgh property, northeastern slopes of Mt. Diablo, alt.

2,000-2,300 ft., G.R. Proctor & R.A. Howard 15145 (IJ); south of Moneague, Mt. Diablo, alt. 850 m, 11

Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11477 (MO). St. Catherine: Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 750

m, W.R. Maxon 2335 (AMES, US); site of “Blue Mountain,” 2.5 miles south of Hollymount road, Mt.

Diablo, alt. 2,800-2,900 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1416 (DUKE, PH).

Frequent and widely distributed in the humid, mountainous forests of the central

and eastern parts of the island, Lepanthes quadrata varies in the size of habit and in

the margins of the sepals. Most populations have sepals with denticulate margins,

but the sepals of some populations are entire. It is identified by small, elliptical,

leaves with short, congested, distichous racemes borne behind; usually denticulate,

ovate, abruptly acuminate sepals; narrow, transversely bilobed petals; and a sub¬

quadrate lip with the basal angles produced into erect, narrow processes.

Lepanthes rotundata Griseb., FI. Brit. W. Ind. 610, 1864.

Ety.: From the Latin rotundatus, “round,” referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Lepanthes concolor Fawc. & Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. ser. 2, 7: 5, 1904.

Ety.: From the Latin concolor , “of one color,” referring to the flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-20 mm long, enclosed

by 2-5 microscopically ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse,

8-13 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a

congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a

filiform peduncle 5-7 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long;

sepals yellow, microscopically denticulate, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate to suborbicular, obtuse, con¬

cave, 3.5 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals broadly

ovate, acute, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals yellow, transversely bilobed, cellular-

glandular, 1.4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, the lobes obliquely triangular, acute, about equal in size and

shape; lip yellow, cellular-glandular, transversely pandurate-bilobed, the lobes semiorbicular, encircling

the column, 1.2 mm long, 1.75 mm broad, the transverse apex minutely apiculate, the base connate to the

base of the column; column 1 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

JAMAICA: without locality, Macfadyen s.n. (Holotype: GOET: Isotype: K). Surrey: Newhaven Gap,

alt. 5,600 ft., 10 Feb. 1910, W. Harris s.n. (BM, lectotype of L. concolor ); Portland, Rose Hill, alt. 4,000

ft., 30 Oct. 1902, W. Harris s.n. (NY); 1.5-2.5 miles southwest of Ecclesdown, alt. 1,500-2,500 ft., G.R.

Proctor 10482 (IJ); St. Andrew, summit of John Crow Peak, alt. 5500-5,700 ft., G.R. Proctor 9531 (IJ,

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

AMES); SE slopes of Mt, Telegraph, alt. 3,800-4,000 ft., 21 June 1984, G.R. Proctor 40515 (SJ); Mt.

Horeb, alt. 4,500 ft., C.D. Adams 6261 (UCWI); Fairy Glade, alt. 1340-1380 m, 13 Nov. 1985, C. & J.

Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11486 (MO); St. Thomas, Maccasucker Bump, alt. 825-1025 m, W.R. Maxon

9594 (BM, NY, US); Portland Gap tp Blue Mountain Peak, alt. 6,500-7,400 ft., M.R. Crosby, H.A.

Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 850 (DUKE).

Common at higher elevations in the Blue Mountains and the John Crow Moun¬

tains of the eastern part of the island, Lepanthes rotundata is characterized by a

congested raceme shorter than the elliptical leaf; broad sepals; broadly forked pe¬

tals; and a transversely pandurate lip that surrounds the column. The sepals are

microscopically denticulate, which can be overlooked without proper magnification.

Lepanthes sanguinea Hook., Curtis’s Bot. Mag. t. 4112, 1844.

Ety.: From the Latin sanguineus , “blood-red,” referring to the color of the flowers.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls suberect, slender, 5-7 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute

to obtuse, 10-14 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 4 mm long, borne on top of

the leaf by a filiform peduncle 2-3 mm long; floral bracts echinate, 0.75 mm long; pedicels 0.5 mm long;

ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals light purple, denticulate, ovate, subacute, the dorsal sepal 3.75 mm long, 2.75

mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.75 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 3.25 mm long, 1.8 mm

wide, connate 1 mm; petals dark purple, transversely bilobed, pubescent, 0.9 mm long, 2.75 mm wide,

the lobes subequal, oblong, the upper lobe subtruncate, the apex of the lower lobe rounded; lip dark

purple, pubescent, bilaminate, the blades elliptical, 1.2 mm long, with ends rounded, the connectives

broadly oblong, the body broad, connate to the base of the column, with a stout, long-pubescent appendix

in the sinus; column 1 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: without locality, W.J. Hooker s.n. (Holotype: t. 4112, Bot. Mag.).

Middlesex: Manchester, 0.5 mile northwest of Christiana, alt. 3,000 ft., G.R. Proctor 11077 (IJ); St.

Ann, 0.1 mile north of Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,700-2,800 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S.

Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 864 (DUKE). St. Catherine: site of “Blue Mountain,” 2.5 miles south of

Hollymount road, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,800-2,900 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs

1420 (DUKE, PH). Surrey: Portland, Mabess River, alt. 2,500 ft., G.E. Nichols 152 (AMES, K, NY,

US); Silver Hill, alt. 3,500 ft., C.D. Adams 11928 (UCWI); St. Thomas, southeastern slopes of Stone

Hole Bump, alt. 600-800 m, W.R. Maxon 9025 (AMES, US), without locality, flowered in cultivation by

H.P. Jesup in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer A12876 (MO).

This minute species is uncommon, but widely distributed in the humid forests of

the central and eastern parts of the island. An illustration was published in 1844 by

W.J. Hooker in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, but apparently no herbarium specimen

was prepared. A very similar species from eastern Puerto Rico, previously identi¬

fied as Lepanthes sanguinea Hook., has been described as L. caritensis Tremblay &

Ackerman.

Lepanthes sanguinea is characterized by a short, congested inflorescence borne

on top of a little, elliptical leaf; proportionately large, purple flowers with denticu¬

late sepals; transversely bilobed, pubescent petals; and a bilaminate lip with ellipti¬

cal, pubescent blades and a stout, long-pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes simplex Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 6, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin simplex, “simple,” in reference to the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by

4-6 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, suffused with purple

beneath, narrowly elliptical, acute, 10-22 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, up to 3 mm thick, the base cuneate

into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme

up to 12 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 2-3 mm long; floral bracts echinate,

0.75 mm long; pedicels 0.4 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals light purple to yellow, entire, ovate,

acute, the dorsal sepal concave, 2.5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the

lateral sepals 2.2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 0.5 mm,; petals auriculate, transversely

bilobed, cellular glandular, 0.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the lobes about equal, obliquely triangular,

obtuse; lip entire, transversely oblong, cellular glandular, 0.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, connate to the base

of the column, or a rudimentary column-foot; column 0.6 mm long, the anther and stigma apical.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

JAMAICA: Cornwall: Trelawny, 4 miles westnorthwest of Troy on Crown Lands Road, alt. 2,200-2,400

ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1184 (Holotype: PH; Isotypes: AMES,

DUKE); 6 miles westnorthwest of Troy, alt. 2,000-2,200 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver &

R.E. Ricklefs 1260 (BM, DUKE, UCWI); near Mocho, collected by H.P. Jesup, flowered in cultivation in

Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer A12878 (MO).

Known from only one area of seasonally dry, scrubby forest in the southeastern

part of the Cockpit Country, Lepanthes simplex is recognized by a thick, narrowly

elliptical leaf; short, congested racemes of minute flowers; ovate, acute sepals, the

laterals one-veined; minute, auriculate petals; and a minute, entire, transversely

oblong lip. The features of the petals and lip described in the original description

are probably artifacts produced by rehydrating dried flowers.

Lepanthes tridentata (Sw.) Sw., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 86, 1799.

Bas.: Epidendrum tridentatum Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 125, 1788.

Ety.: From the Latin tridentatus, “with three teeth,” possibly referring to the tips of the leaves.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-20 mm long, enclosed

by 4-5 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 10-14

mm long, 7-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, dis¬

tichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 8-9 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1-1.25 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals

yellow, entire, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for

0.25 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 2.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals minutely-pubes¬

cent, transversely bilobed, 0.4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, the lobes about equal in size and shape, obliquely

triangular, narrowly obtuse; lip purple, glandular pubescent, bilobed, the lobes narrowly oblong, arcuate,

obtuse, coursing along the upper margin of the column, each lobe 1 mm long, connate to the base of the

column, the anterior margin with a minute, bilobed, ciliate appendix; column slender, arcuate, 1 mm

long, the anther dorsal, the stigma subapical.

JAMAICA: Surrey: Blue Mountains, Swartz s.n. (Holotype: BM; Isotype C); Portland, below John

Crow Peak, north side, alt. 5,200 ft., 29 Apr. 1902, W. Harris s.n. (BM, K); 0.5 mile north of Hardwar

Gap, alt. 3,900 ft., G.R. Proctor 10173 (IJ); St. Andrew, Cinchona to Newhaven Gap, N.L. Britton 138

(AMES in part; NY); John Crow Peak, alt. 6,000 ft., G.E. Nichols 52 (AMES, K, NY, US); Fairy Glade,

alt. 1340-1380 m, 13 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11487 (MO); St. Thomas, Blue Mountain

Peak to Portland Gap, alt. 6,500-7,400 ft., M.R. Crosby, H.A. Hespenheide & W.R. Anderson 852

(DUKE, UCWI); “Ellen Aire,” Moy Hall, 14 Sept. 1887, F.C. Sullivan s.n. (UCWI).

Endemic and uncommon in the Blue Mountains of the eastern part of the island,

Lepanthes tridentata is characterized by a congested, distichous inflorescence

shorter than a little, elliptical leaf; narrowly ovate sepals; obliquely triangular lobes

of the petals; and a bilobed lip, the lobes of which are narrowly oblong and arch

along the narrow, arcuate column. The appendix is minute, bilobed, and ciliate.

Lepanthes tubuliflora Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 6, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin tubuliflorus , “with tubular flowers,” in reference to the buds examined.

Syn.: Lepanthes brownii Hespenh., Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 426: 1, 1969.

Ety.: Named in honor of Henry E. Brown, Jr., of Perrine, FI., who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 5-12 cm long,

enclosed by 6-10 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to

subacute, 2.5-4 cm long, 8-15 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a

congested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up to 1.8 cm long, borne erect beyond the leaf

by a filiform peduncle 3-4 cm long; floral bracts ciliate-pubescent, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm

long; ovary winged, 5 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, entire, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 8

mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals 7 mm long, 2.75

mm wide, 3-veined, connate 2 mm; petals rose, cellular-pubescent, entire, subcordate or obtusely triang¬

ular with rounded basal angles and rounded apex, 3 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip dark rose,

cellular pubescent, bilaminate, the blades oblong-ovate, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, with the ends rounded,

in apposition below the column, the connectives broad, the body broad, connate to the base of the

column, the obtuse sinus with a pedunculate, ovoid, pubescent appendix; column 2 mm long with pro¬

truding rostellum, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

JAMAICA: Middlesex: Mt. Diablo, alt. 850 m, 27 May 1906, F. Shreve s.n. (Holotype: NY), C. Luer

illustr. 19040. Cornwall: St. James, just west of Mocho Crossroads, alt. 2,200-2,400 ft., Aug. 1967,

H.E. Brown s.n. (holotype of L. brownii : PH); Mocho Crossroads, collected by H.P. & A. Jesup, 1979,

flowered in cultivation in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, H.P. Jesup s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. A12848.

Lepanthes tubuliflora was described by Hespenheide from a single collection

with immature buds by Forrest Shreve in 1906. A proposed name written in pencil

on the type sheet is L. shrevei Britton, in ed. The original description and illustra¬

tion of L. tubuliflora were made from an opened bud, as were also the description

and illustration produced herein.

Phillips Jesup called our attention to the similarities of the habit and floral

morphology of Lepanthes tubuliflora to those of L. brownii Hespenh., and the fact

that L. tubuliflora had never been seen again. The following year, similar plants

from a distant locality at a much higher altitude were described as L. brownii.

Detailed examination of the two collections indicate that they represent the same

species. The different habitats of the two concepts suggest that the locality of the

ancient collection by Shreve might be in error.

The habits of the two concepts are inseparable. Narrowly elliptical leaves are

surpassed by an elomgated peduncle and a shorter, congested, successively flow¬

ered raceme. The sepals of mature, widely expanded flowers are narrowly ovate

and acute, not denticulate. In the buds examined, they are much smaller and deeply

connate, but of similar shape.

The petals are more or less obtusely triangular. In a bud, they were found broad¬

ly flabellate with radiating folds to fit the petal into the narrow space within the

bud. The blades of the lip of a mature flower are fleshy, oblong with rounded ends,

and indistinctly developed with broad connectives. The lip from the bud of L.

tubuliflora is immature. The column, already well-devedloped in the bud, is terete

with an elongated, protruding rostellum.

Lepanthes unguicularis Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 7, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin unguicularis, “unguiculate,” referring to the clawed lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-22 mm long, enclosed

by 4-5 microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 12-

27 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, dis¬

tichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 7 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a filiform

peduncle 5-10 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals red

with hyalin margins, entire, ovate, acute, shortly acuminate, the dorsal sepal concave, carinate, 3 mm

long, 2 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,

connate 0.5 mm; petals red, transversely bilobed, minutely ciliate-pubescent, 0.8 mm long, 1.8 mm wide,

the lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse, the lower lobe larger, with a longitudinal elevation below which the

surface is concave to accommodate the lobes of the lip; lip red, minutely ciliate, transversely subqua¬

drate, convex, 1 mm long, 1.8 mm broad, with the acute apex revolute, and with the sides revolute to

produce obtuse lateral angles adjacent to the lower lobes of the petals, the base unguiculate, connate to

the base of the column; column 1 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma apical.

JAMAICA: Cornwall: St. James, 0.5 mile west of Mocho Crossroads, alt. 2200-2400 m, H.A. & E.B.

Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1672 (Holotype: PH; Isotypes: AMES, BM, DUKE, K,

UCWI); Mocho Crossroads, alt. 690 m, 9 Nov. 1985, C. & J. Luer, H.P. & A. Jesup 11461 (MO); White

Rock Hill, 1 mile south of Sweet Water, alt. 2,000-2,200 ft., G.R. Proctor 23179 (IJ).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes unguicularis is locally abundant in the only area where it is known to

occur in the seasonally dry, scrubby forest of the Cockpit Country. It is character¬

ized by a small, elliptical leaf; a subequal, congested, inflorescence borne along the

back surface; abruptly acuminate sepals; broadly bilobed petals with the lower lobes

concave to accommodate the lobes of the lip; and a broad, entire, revolute lip at¬

tached to the base of the column by a claw.

Lepanthes vinacea Hespenh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 12, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin vinaceus, “wine-colored,” referring to the color of the flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-20 mm long, enclosed

by 4-5 microscopically ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, sub¬

acute, 10-15 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a con¬

gested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a

filiform peduncle 5-7 mm long; floral bracts, 0.75 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm

long; sepals dark purple, entire, ovate, subacute to obtuse, the dorsal sepal 3.3 mm long, 2.3 mm wide,

connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 3 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, connate 1.5

mm; petals dark purple, pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with a subacute angle

on the outer margin between the lobes, the upper lobe narrowly oblong, obtuse, the lower lobe smaller,

narrowly triangular, acute; lip dark purple, pubescent, bilobed, the lobes lunate-ovate, flanking the

column, 1 mm long, the bases narrow, forming a very narrow body at the base of the lip, with a minute,

oblong, pubescent appendix between the bases of the lobes; column slender, clavate, 1.5 mm long, the

anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Cornwall: St. Thomas, upper, southern slopes and summit of Maccasucker Bump, alt. 825-

1025 m, 25 June 1926, W.R. Maxon 9595 (Holotype: US; Isotypes: AMES, BM, NY); St. Andrews,

summit of John Crow Peak, alt. 5,500-5,750 ft., G.R. Proctor 9534 (IJ). Without locality or collector,

flowered in cultivation by H. Phillips Jesup in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer A12872 (MO).

Known from only two localities in the humid forests of the Blue Mountains, this

little species is characterized by an elliptical leaf; a shorter, congested inflorescence

borne along the back side; dark purple flowers with ovate sepals; slender, pubes¬

cent, bilobed petals; and a pubescent, bilobed lip. The lobes of the lip are lunate,

flanking the column, with the bases forming a very narrow body beneath the base of

the column. A minute, pubescent appendix is present on the anterior margin of the

body at the base of the column.

Lepanthes woodiana Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47: 6, 1909.

Ety.: Named in honor of Miss Helen A. Wood, illustrator for Fawcett and Rendle,

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-30 mm long, enclosed

by 4-5 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse to sub¬

acute, 10-13 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a con¬

gested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a

filiform peduncle 5-8 mm long; floral bracts slightly echinate, 0.75 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow, entire, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm

wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals oblique, 1.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide,

connate 0.8 mm; petals dark yellow, transversely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the upper lobe

obliquely triangular, acute, the lower lobe broadly ovate, rounded, slightly larger than the upper lobe; lip

purple, cellular-glandular, bilaminate, the blades thick, oblong with the ends rounded, 0.5 mm long,

flanking the column, the connectives oblong, thick, the body concave, connate to the base of the column,

the anterior margin with a thick, pubescent, triangular appendix, connate to the base of the column, the

anterior margin with a minute, bilobed, pubescent appendix; column stout, 0.5 mm long, the anther

apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: Middlesex: St. Catherine, Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,600 ft., 17 Feb. 1905, W. Harris

s.n. (Holotype: BM, photograph; Isotypes NY, UCWI); Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,700 ft., W. Harris 9893 , 9895b

(K, NY in part, UCWI; site of “Blue Mountain,” 2.5 miles south of Hollymount road, Mt. Diablo, alt.

LEPANTHES OF JAMAICA

2,800-2,900 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1417 (DUKE, PH); St. Ann, 0.1

mile north of Hollymount, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,700-2,800 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E.

Ricklefs 865 (DUKE); 1 mile on road to Resource, Mt. Diablo, alt. 2,500-2,700 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespen¬

heide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1058 (DUKE); Mt. Diablo, south of Moneague, alt. 850 m, C. & J.

Luer, HR. & A. Jesup 11478 (MO).

Endemic in the region around Mt. Diablo in the central part of the island where

it is frequent, Lepanthes woodiana is characterized by the congested, distichous

inflorescence shorter than the elliptical leaf; broadly ovate sepals; bilobed petals

with the upper lobe obliquely triangular and the lower lobe rounded; and a bilami¬

nate lip, with the minute blades thick and flanking the column, and with a minute,

bilobed, pubescent appendix.

Lepanthes wullschlaegelii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47: 126, 1909.

Ety.: Named in honor of Heinrich Rudolph Wullschlagel, who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-8 cm long,

enclosed by 6-9 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute,

slightly acuminate, 20-29 mm long, 9-18 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 10 mm long, borne on top of

the leaf by a filiform peduncle 6-8 mm long; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5

mm long; sepals purple to yellow, entire, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal more or less reflexed

over the ovary, 3 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals

oblique, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate 1 mm; petals orange, microscopically pubescent, transversely

bilobed with lobes obliquely diverging, 1 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, the upper lobe obliquely triangular,

acute, the lower lobe broadly ovate-triangular, obtuse, shorter than the upper lobe; lip red-purple, cellu¬

lar-glandular, bilaminate, the blades broadly oblong, covering the column, 1.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide,

with the apices obtuse and the bases rounded, the connectives oblong, the body connate to the base of the

column, with a sinus with a notched margin, the appendix oblong, long-pubescent, originating externally

and protruding beneath the sinus; column stout, 1 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

JAMAICA: “Beaufort,” H.R. Wullschlagel 1078 (Holotype: BM). Cornwall: St. James, 0.5 mile west

of Mocho Crossroads, alt. 2,200-2,400 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1674

(DUKE); Mocho Crossroads, collected by H.R & A. Jesup, 1979, flowered in cultivation in Bristol, CT,

26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer A12847 (MO). White Rock Hill, 1 mile south of Sweet Water, alt. 2,000-2,200 ft.,

G.R. Proctor 16155, 23027 (IJ); Trelawney, 2-3 miles north of Quickstep, alt. 1,300-1,500 ft., H.A. &

E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1668 (DUKE); Middlesex Co., Manchester, 0.5 mile north

of Christiana, alt. 3,000 ft., G.R. Proctor 18287 (IJ); Clarendon, Banana Ground to Sunbury, alt. 3,050

ft., C.D. Adams 8434 (UCWI); St. Ann, 2.2 miles west of Albion, alt. 2,300-2,400 ft., H.A. & E.B.

Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 961 (DUKE); 1 mile on road to Resource, Mt. Diablo, alt.

2,500-2,700 ft., H.A. & E.B. Hespenheide, J.S. Calver & R.E. Ricklefs 1057 (DUKE); Mt. Diablo, col¬

lected by H. Brown before 1968, flowered in cultivation by H.P. Jesup, 10 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13779

(MO).

Found locally from the southern Cockpit Country to the area around Mt. Diablo

near the center of the island, Lepanthes wullschlaegelii is characterized by a con¬

gested, distichous inflorescence shorter than the elliptical leaf; broadly ovate, obtuse

sepals, the dorsal more or less reflexed; bilobed petals with the lobes obliquely

triangular and diverging; and a bilaminate lip with well-developed, broadly oblong

blades. The oblong appendix protrudes beneath a notched sinus.

Plants with combinations of morphological features among Lepanthes wullsch¬

laegelii, Lepanthes interiorubra Hespenh., L. woodiana Fawc. & Rendle, and L.

hollymountensis Luer & H.P. Jesup are not uncommon, making idebtifications often

uncertain.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 3. Lepanthes byfieldii

Fig. 4. Lepanthes cochlearifolia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 5. Lepanthes convexa

Fig. 6. Lepanthes divaricata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 11. Lepanthes lanceolata

Fig. 12. Lepanthes loddigesiana

SYSTEMATICS OF PLEUROTHALLIS

Fig. 15. Lepanthes obtusipetala

Fig. 16. Lepanthes ovalis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 18. Lepanthes pulchella

Fig. 19. Lepanthes quadrata

Fig. 20. Lepanthes rotundata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 23. Lepanthes tridentata

Fig. 24. Lepanthes tubuliflora

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 26. Lepanthes vinacea

Fig. 27. Lepanthes woodiana

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Caribbean Sea

JAMAICA

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Epidendrum 14.

cochlearifolium 1, 6.

concinnum 1, 14.

ovale 1,2, 14.

pulchellum 1, 15.

tridentatum 1, 18.

Lepanthes 1, 2, 14.

sect. Brachycladium 2.

sect. Diplocheilus 2.

sect. Fawcelepanthes 2.

sect. Haplocheilus 2.

sect. Macrocladae 2.

sect. Rendlepanthes 2.

Lepanthes adamsii 2, 4, 5, Fig. 1.

arcuata 2, 8.

bilabiata 2, 4, 5, Fig. 2.

brevipetala 1, 2,

brownii 2, 18, 19.

byfieldii 2, 4, 6, Fig. 3.

caritensis 17.

cochlearifolia 1, 2,4, 6, Fig. 4., 7.

concinna 1,2,14.

wzj: obtusipetala 13.

concolor 1, 2, 16.

convexa 3,4, 7, Fig. 5.

crassifolia 3, 14.

divaricata 3, 4, 7, Fig. 6., 8.

var. minor 3, 4.

Lepanthes elliptica 2, 3, 4, 8, Fig. 7., 11.

harrisii 1,3.

hollymountensis 3, 4, 9, Fig. 8., 21.

interiorubra 3,4, 8, 9, Fig. 9., 10, 21.

intermedia 3, 13.

jesupii 3, 4, 10, Fig. 10.

lanceolata 3,4, 10, Fig. 11., 11.

loddigesiana 1, 3, 5, 11, Fig. 12., 12.

multiflora 3, 12, Fig. 13.

obtusa 3, 4, 12, Fig. 14., 13.

obtusipetala 3,4, 11, 13, Fig. 15.

ovalis 1,2, 3, 4, 13, 14, Fig. 16.

proctorii 3, 15, Fig. 17.

pulchella 1, 3, 15, Fig. 18.

quadrata 3, 16, Fig. 19.

rotundata 1, 2, 3, 16, Fig. 20., 17.

sanguinea 1, 3, 17, Fig. 21.

shrevei 19.

simplex 3,4, 17, Fig. 22., 18.

tridentata sensu Lindl. 3,11.

tridentata Sw. (Sw.) 1, 3, 4, 18, Fig. 23.

tubuliflora 2, 3, 18, Fig. 24., Fig, 24a. 19.

unguicularis 3, 4, 19, Fig. 25., 20.

vinacea 3, 4, 20, Fig. 26.

woodiana 3,4, 8, 20, Fig. 27., 21.

wullschlaegelii 3, 4, 8, 21, Fig. 28.

Lepanthopsis melanantha 1, 2, 3.

Pleurothallis melanantha 1.

REFERENCES

Adams, C.D., 1966. A checklist of the orchids of Jamaica. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 35: 995-999.

Brown, H.E., Jr., 1970. The genus Lepanthes in Jamaica. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 159-162.

_1970. Suggestions for growing Lepanthes. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 1081-1084.

Cogniaux, A., 1910. Orchidaceae Antillanae in Urban, Symbolae Antillanae 6: 434-450.

Dressler, R.L., 1981. The orchids: natural history and classification. Harvard University Press, Cam¬

bridge.

Fawcett, W. & A.B. Rendle, 1904. An account of the Jamaican species of Lepanthes. Trans. Linn.

Soc. ser. 2, 7: 1-15.

_1909. Some new Jamaican orchids. J. Bot, 47: 5-7, 126f.

_1910. Orchidaceae. Flora Jamaica, 66-76.

Hespenheide, H.A., 1968. A revision of the West Indian species of Lepanthes of Jamaica. Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 120: 1-23.

_ 1969. A new Lepanthes from Jamaica. Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia

426: 1.

_ 1973. New Lepanthes from Jamaica and Mexico. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 42: 871.

Jesup, H.P., 1968. A hobbyist’s hobby. Fla. Orchidist 11: 171-175.

Kindlmann, M., 1972. Lepanthes again: enjoyong their habitat. Amer. Orchid. Soc. Bull. 41: 43-50.

Luer, C.A., 1986. Systematics of the Pleurothallidinae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 15: 29-34.

_1996. Lepanthes of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. 61.

Persoon, C.H., 1807. Synopsis Plantarum 2: 525.

Stimson, W.R., 1972. Research opportunities in the genus Lepanthes. Amer. Orchid. Soc. Bull. 41: 416-

423.

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS STELIS

and Part IV, the conclusion of

STELIS OF ECUADOR

ABSTRACT

A brief history of the genus Stelis Sw., and in particular, the genus Stelis in Ecuador, is given. A

new revision of the classification of the genus is presented. Species not already described and illustrated

in a previous leones Pleurothallidinarum are described and illustrated herein with a black and white

drawing. A key to the species known from Ecuador is presented. Thirty-five new species are described.

The following species

Stelis abdita Luer, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis aclyda Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis aequoris Luer & Hirtz, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis aglochis Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis azuayensis Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis carta Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis coarctata Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis complanata Luer & F.Werner, sect. Stelis

Stelis discophylla Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis donaxopetala Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis espinosae Luer & Endara, sect. Stelis

Stelis exquisita Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis flagellaris Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis gastrodes Luer & Hirtz, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis jatunyacuensis Luer & Hirtz, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis kentii Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis lugoi Luer & Endara, sect. Stelis

Stelis majorella Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

are described as new:

Stelis oreada Luer & Endara, sect. Stelis

Stelis pan Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis physoglossa Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis pollex Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis potpourri Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis ramosii Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis rostrata Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis satyrella Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis scopulosa Luer & Hirtz, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis singularis Luer & Hirtz, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis stiriosa Luer & Dalstrom, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis tobarii Luer & Hirtz, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis undecimi Luer & F.Werner, sect. Stelis

Stelis valladolidensis Luer &

D’Alessandro, sect. Humboldtia

Stelis villosilabia Luer & Hirtz, sect. Stelis

Stelis xystophora Luer, sect. Stelis

Stelis zothecula Luer, sect. Stelis

New typifications:

Physosiphon inaequalis Schltr., lectotypes: AMES,

F, W.

Pleurothallis corazonica Schltr., lectotype: QPLS.

Pleurothallis pristis Lehm. & Kraenzl., lectotype:

AMES.

Stelis altigena Schltr., neotype: Luer 9672 MO.

Stelis ambylophylla Schltr., neotype: Luer 13876 MO.

Stelis apiculata Schltr., neotype: Luer 9961 MO.

Stelis arevaloi Schltr., neotype: Luer 13844 MO.

Stelis bernoullii Schltr., neotype: Skutch 1433 SEL.

Stelis bryophila Schltr., lectotypes: AMES, BR.

Stelis callicentrum Schltr., lectotypes: QPLS, BR.

Stelis calothece Schltr., lectotype: BR.

Stelis carioi Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis citrina Schltr., lectotype: K, BR.

Stelis confusa Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis connata C.Presl, lectotype: K.

Stelis cordibractea Schltr., lectotypes: K, AMES.

Stelis costaricensis Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis coturcoensis Schltr., lectotype: QPLS.

Stelis cuencana Schltr., lectotype: K.

Stelis curvata Schltr., lectotypes: US, AMES.

Stelis cuspidilabia Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis elegantula Schltr., neotype: Hirtz 13182 MO.

Stelis fimbriata Baker, neotype: Gentry 13182 MO.

Stelis fruticulus Schltr., lectotypes: AMES, LE.

Stelis fulva Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis guatemalensis Schltr., neotype: AMES 23720.

Stelis hians Schltr., lectotype: QPLS.

Stelis huancabambae Kraenzl., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis huebneri Schltr., neotype: Barb.Rodr. Stelis

yungasensis , RB.

Stelis heylidiana C.Focke, neotype: A. C.Smith 2757 K.

Stelis hymenantha Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis inversa Schltr., lectotypes: CUZ, MOL.

Stelis jimenezii Schltr., lectotype: CR.

Stelis juninensis Kraenzl., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis langlassei Schltr., lectotype: K, AMES, G.

Stelis longicuspis Schltr., neotype: Luer 6330 SEL.

Stelis maxonii Schltr., lectotypes: AMES.

Stelis megahybos Schltr., lectotypes: QPLS, BR.

Stelis melicoides Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis microchila Schltr., lectotypes: AMES, BR, G.

Stelis minimiflora Schltr., lectotypes: AMES,

Stelis myriantha Schltr., neotype: Luer 12035 MO.

Stelis pachyphylla Schltr., neotype: Luer 9735 , MO.

Stelis pachystele Schltr., lectotypes: AMES, K.

Stelis patula Schltr., lectotypes: AMES, BR, US.

Stelis phaeantha Schltr., lectotypes: CUZ, G, MOL.

Stelis pleistantha Schltr., neotype: Luer 9903 MO

Stelis pterostylis Schltr., lectotype: BR.

Stelis purpusii Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis recurvula Schltr., lectotype: MO.

Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr., lectotypes: AMES, US.

Stelis rhynchantha Lehm, & Kraenzl., lectotype: MO.

Stelis robusta Schltr., neotype: Luer 12537 MO.

Stelis scandens Schltr., neotype: Luer 9735 MO.

Stelis seleniglossa Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

Stelis suaveolens Schltr., lectotypes: K, AMES.

Stelis superposita Schltr., lectotype: MO.

Stelis tenuis Schltr., lectotypes: K, LE.

Stelis tricuspis Schltr., lectotypes: US, AMES, CR.

Stelis vulcanica Schltr., lectotype: SEL.

Stelis yungasensis Schltr., lectotype: AMES.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The genus Stelis was proposed by Swartz in 1799, five years after the genus was

first published by Ruiz and Pavon as Humboltia (corrected to Humboldtia in 1798).

However, also in 1794, Vahl had described a genus Humboldtia in the Legumina-

ceae. Summarizing the problem of priority for uncertain dates of publications of the

name Humboldtia in 1794 by both Vahl and Ruiz and Pavon (Taxon, 1986), let it be

said simply that the name Stelis was conserved in 1905, rejecting the name Hum¬

boldtia Ruiz & Pav. as a homonym. Vahl had won.

The lectotype of the genus Stelis , designated in 1929 by Green, is Stelis ophio-

glossoides (Jacq.) Sw. ( =Epidendrum ophioglossoides Jacq., 1760, based on his

own collection, not on a polynomial by Plumier in 1703), a small species from the

Lesser Antilles, because no type had been designated. A debate about the identity

of the lectotype arose in 1972, when Garay declared that the designated type was

referable to Plumier’s polynomial, which resembled Pleurothallis floribunda

(Lindl.) Lindl. [=Arthrosia floribunda (Lindl.) Luer], but Green’s lectotype stands.

Fig. A. Stelis ophioglossoides

Fig. B. Arthrosia floribunda

STELIS OF ECUADOR

The treatment of the entire genus Stelis Sw. in a single work would be over¬

whelming, not only for the author, but also for anyone attempting to consult it

(Luer, 2007). Regional treatments, such as this present treatment of the Stelis of

Ecuador , are feasible. The genus, the largest in number of species in the Pleurothal-

lidinae after the dissolution of Pleurothallis R.Br., is also the one in greatest need of

revision, because the morphology of the very small floral parts had never been ade¬

quately examined, defined, and standardized for description.

Approximately 1,200 names have been attributed to the genus, but that number

includes the 197 species (including 27 homonyms) of several other pleurothallid

genera recently transferred to Stelis (Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2001, 2002). Be¬

cause of fundamental differences in the morphology of sepals, petals, lips, columns,

anthers, and stigmas, these transfers were excluded from the treatment of the genus

(Luer, 2007). Excluding these transfers, the number of species presently attributed

to Stelis is about 1000, but possibly fewer than 900 are accepted as of this writing.

The first attempt to classify the genus was made by John Lindley in his Folia

Orchidaceae (Stelis) (Lindley, 1858). In brief descriptions and comments, he listed

the 135 species known at the time, and proposed a classification in ten unranked

categories, three analogous to later subgenera, three, to sections, and four, to sub¬

sections. The first category (his Eustelis , the section Stelis of today) contained

those species with three more or less equal sepals; the second category [his Dialis-

sa , assorted today into sections Humboldtia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. and Stelis] con¬

tained those species with sepals partially connate into a tube; and the third category

(his Labiatae) contained those with bilabiate flowers with connate or connivent

lateral sepals (treated now in sections Humboldtia and Stelis ). All these species are

so closely allied that separation into sections beyond the three presented here,

depends totally upon key characters of the flowers regardless of relationship. Leslie

Garay made two attempts to classify the genus (Garay, 1956; Garay, 1980) when he

acknowledged about 500 species. In the later treatment, he included 222 illustra¬

tions mostly by Elmer Smith using only a rehydrated flower. A brief classification

of the genus was proposed in leones Pleurothallidinarum (Luer, 1986).

Fig. C. Stelis purpurea

Bas.: Humboldtia purpurea

34 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 2(4): 239, t. 2, fig. 3, a-g, 1799, nom. cons.

Ety.: From the Greek stelis, “a kind of Mistletoe,” in allusion to the appearance of the plant.

Type Cons.: Epidendrum ophioglossoides Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 29, 1760. [=Stelis ophioglossoides

(Jacq.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 2(4): 239, 1799]. (Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 100, 1929).

Syn.: Humboltia Ruiz & Pav., FI. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 121, t. 27, 1794, not Humboldtia Vahl, 1794,

nom. rej., spelling corrected to Humboldtia in Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. Chil. 235, 1798.

Ety.: Named in honor of Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859).

Lectotype: Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. Chil. 235, 1798. [=Stelis pur

purea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. PI. 4: 140, 1805. (Garay & Sweet, J. Arnold Arbor. 53: 528,

1972).

Syn.: Dialissa Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 15: 107, 1845.

Ety.: Probably from the Latin Dialis, “aerial, or heavenly,” used by Apuleius in his Metamorphosis,

pertaining to extraordinary features.

Type: Dialissa pulchella Lindl.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Humboldtia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Syn. PI. 2: 524, 1807.

Syn.: Steliopsis Brieger, Orchideen 8(29-32): 457, 1976, without Latin diagnosis.

Ety.: From the genus Stelis and the Greek opsis, referring to the similarity to Stelis.

Type: Steliopsis anneliesae Brieger = Stelis maxima Lindl.

Syn.: Apatostelis Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 167-259, 1980.

Ety.: From the Greek apate, “a fraud,” and Stelis, alluding to a supposedly fradulent Stelis.

Type: Stelis hylophila Rchb.f.

Plants tiny to gigantic, caespitose, prolific, or repent. Ramicauls enclosed by 1-2 tubular sheaths

with another 1-2 sheaths at the base, Leaf coriaceous, elliptical, ovate, obovate, or oblong, petiolate to

sessile, Inflorescence single-flowered to many-flowered racemes, simultaneously or successively flow¬

ered, subtended by a spathe, insignificant to conspicuous, from an annulus below or at the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts enclosing the pedicel; ovary tricarpellate; flowers minute to large for the Pleuro-

thallidininae, bilaterally symetrical; sepals 3, surrounding a central apparatus consisting of the column

flanked by a pair of petals and the lip below the column, all 3 more or less similar and variously connate,

or the dorsal sepal different from the 2 lateral sepals that are often connate into a synsepal, glabrous to

variously pubescent; petals small, usually transverse and not longer than the column; lip small, thick,

subquadrate, three-dimensional, the length being the distance beneath the column from the attachment to

the column-foot to the front surface, and the depth being the distance on the front surface from the

column to the apex, the width being the transverse distance from one side to the other beneath the

column and marked by a transverse callus, the bar, in the center of which the glenion develops from a

modification of the midvein of the lip; column stout, with an apical anther and stigma, the stigma usually

bilobed, but sometimes the lobes are totally confluent: pollinia 2, with or without a viscidium.

Although seemingly diverse vegetatively in their wide dispersal at various al¬

titudes from southern Mexico into northern Argentina, with caespitose, repent,

scandent, or prolific (ramicauls proliferating another ramicaul) habits, the flowers of

all species of Stelis follow a basic pattern. A terete ramicaul is enclosed by one or

two tubular sheaths, and one or two moreat the base. The leaf is either sessile or

petiolate. There is a continuum in the decrease of the distance between the abscis¬

sion layer (the transverse, detachable layer between the base of the leaf or the pe¬

tiole, and the apex of the ramicaul) and the thickened ring (the annulus) surrounding

the ramicaul near or at the apex, with which the spathe and inflorescence emerge.

The peduncle and rachis are terete except for a very few that are compressed.

The inflorescence is racemose, longer or shorter than the leaf, and rarely re¬

duced to a single flower. The flower is borne by a pedicel subtended by a floral

bract. Florally, the species of Stelis are distinct from species of all other pleurothal-

lid genera. In common, three sepals surround the petals, lip and column that to¬

gether form a small, compact, central apparatus with the column and anther upper

center, the lip lower center, and all neatly embraced by a pair of petals, one on

either side.

The sepals vary in color, often within a species. They are usually glabrous

externally, but internally they vary from glabrous to densely pubescent. The

STELIS OF ECUADOR

number of veins in the sepals, varying from three to seven or more, are valuable key

characters. Larger flowers toward the bottom of a raceme may have an additional

pair of veins. Most commonly, the sepals are widely expanded, but in a large

percentage, the lateral sepals are held forward, or connate as one, a synsepal, the

criterion used for separating species of Stelis sect. Humboldtia from those of section

Stelis. At least one species, S. distans Luer & Hirtz, has features suggesting both

sections; hence, it is found in the keys to both sections. The sepals of the genus are

never truly caudate.

The petals of all the species of Stelis are short, usually transverse, and about as

long as the column. The apical margin is more or less rounded and truncate, often

abruptly thickened, sometimes apiculate, and a transverse callus often extends

across the middle from side to side between the thick margin and the base. Howev¬

er, the petal is occasionally smoothly concave with no transverse callus discernible.

The petals most commonly are three-veined, but a significant number are single-

veined. Although not absolutely constant, the number of veins serves as a reliable

key character for the vast majority of species. Notably, in Stelis hallii Lindl., the

petals are usually one-veined, but a faint vein to either side of the central vein

sometimes appear.

The lip is also short but thick, and usually intricately sculptured. A more or less

central, transverse callus, called the bar, bears a glenion, if it is not obliterated by a

cavity. The lip is three-veined, and these veins are often manifested by one or three

calli on the dorsum. The middle vein often persists, extending forward from the

dorsum across the bar as a glenion. Three common variations are recognized as

type-A, type-B, and type-C, each of which can be modified beyond recognition.

Type-A and type-B are described in detail in Part One in leones XXIV (Luer,

2002). Type-C is also subquadrate, about as broad as long. The bar is replaced by a

thick, non-concave callus as a broad, convex curve that reaches from the base to the

apex. A typical example is the lip of Stelis argentata Lindl.

Lip, type-C

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The column of all the species of Stelis is short and broad with an apical anther,

and an apical stigma that is most commonly bilobed, the lobes sometimes being

borne on arms, but sometimes coalesced as one. The anther cap is usually decidu¬

ous. Pollen is packed into a pair of pollinia that vary from pyriform or obovoid to

discoid that are either free or attached to a viscidium. The pollinia are of little value

in identification, not only because of their similarity, but also because they are

commonly lost from flowers of collected plants.

Stelis of Ecuador

During the middle of the nineteenth century, Lindley described 63 species of

Stelis from Ecuador, mostly from collections by Jameson, a resident physician in

Quito. Forty-three of these names are still accepted today. Soon thereafter,

Reichenbach added 20 more names, 12 of which are still accepted. By 1921,

Schlechter had described 21 species of Stelis from Ecuador, only three of which,

excluding Stelis guatemalensis from Guatemala, are currently accepted. In 1921, he

published a list of 79 species reported from that country. Forty-three of these

species are presently accepted, the remainder being misidentified, erroneously at¬

tributed to Ecuador, or are synonymous names. About 80 additional species from

other regions have now been identified as occurring in Ecuador as well. Several

other Central American species are also found in Ecuador.

In three previous publications of leones Pleurothallidinarum, 300 new species

of Stelis from Ecuador were described, each with a black and white illustration, but

without an attempt to reclassify the genus (Luer, 2002; Luer, 2004; Luer, 2007). In

this fourth leones Pleurothallidinarum a revision of the classification of the genus,

based on more than 2,000 collections, is presented with the remaining approximate¬

ly 100 previously known species, and 33 new species, that complete the genus as

known today in Ecuador. These more than 400 species represent nearly half the

known species in the genus, but this is because Ecuador has been the most inten¬

sively studied for the Pleurothallidinae.

Several complexes in Stelis of similar, intergrading taxa, or variations, cause

uncertainties in identification, as in other genera, but not to the extent encountered

in Acronia C.Presl sect. Macophyllae-Fasciculatae (Lindl.) Luer. One such com¬

plex in Stelis consists of named, vegetative variations, but with similar, if not

practically identical flowers, that are all assigned to Stelis pusilla Kunth. Another

complex with morphologically similar flowers contains the taxa between the vegeta¬

tive extremes of small variations of S. muscifera Lindl. and the larger variations of

S. triplicata Lindl. Stelis argentata Lindl. is notorious for both vegetative and floral

variations.

After a similar amount of time and effort have been expended in neighboring

Colombia and Peru, Ecuador may drop to third in numbers of species, because both

neighboring countries are more than four times larger in geographic area. However,

the smaller Ecuador has the floristic advantage of straddling the equator, as well as

the Andes with its varied habitats on both eastern and western slopes.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

The Descriptions

As pertains to Stelis , each species is defined by a standardized description.

They are in sufficent detail without the use of excessive words. They begin with the

habit which is small, medium or large for the genus. Small usually indicates that

the plant is less than five centimeters tall, exclusive of the inflorescence; medium

sized plants are usually between five centimeters and ten centimeters tall; and large

plants are any size greater.

The habit is commonly caespitose, which means that the ramicauls, the leaf¬

bearing stems, are produced in a fascicle with little or nor rhizome visible between

them. When the rhizome is elongated, the ramicauls are produced at short or long

intervals, which eventually creates a creeping or repent habit. The rhizome may

hug the substrate, or ascend, which eventually creates a climbing or scandent habit.

In some species, the ramicaul proliferates one or more other ramicauls at the same

node where the inflorescence emerges, creating a climbing or vining habit.

The shapes and thickness of the leaves are often inconstant in a species. Instead

of the terms “lanceolate” or “oblanceolate,” the terms “narrowly ovate” or

“narrowly obovate” are used. If the margins of tips form an angle less than 90°

wide, they are called ’ ‘acute,” and if the angle is greater than 90°, they are called

obtuse. The angles are often obscured by curved margins that eventually become

rounded. Determination of an acute, subacute, obtuse, or subobtuse apex, is often a

personal judgement.

The inflorescence is either single-flowered or racemose; the raceme is often

single, but several or many racemes can be produced in a fascicle. The term “few”

usually indicates two, three, or even four, and ’’several” is somewhere between

“few” and “many.” The term “several” usually indicates between four and 10 or

12, and “many” is more. Counting the numbers of flowers in a many-flowered

raceme is too inexact to attempt, the number depending on the growing condition or

vigor of the plant in question.

The description of the flowers follows that in the description of the genus above.

Citation of Specimens

The citation of specimens follows the description. The holotype of the species

under consideration is listed first in the distribution, with Holotype and Isotype

capitalized. For citation of synonymous species, holotype and isotype are not capi¬

talized. Following the Holotype, collections are listed in their respective province,

or department, roughly in order from north to south, and west to east. Abbrevia¬

tions are minimized. The altitude, or elevation, is abbreviated to alt., meters to m,

and feet to ft. Altitudes in meters are given without a comma, and altitudes in feet

are given with a comma.

The Illustrations

The illustrations are a thirty-year accumulation. More than one illustration of a

species is provided when variations of the species, or the illustrations themselves,

differ noticeably. The measurements are approximate, because a normal variability

can be expected in all. For each, a plant has been drawn in natural size with a five-

centimeter scale bar. A flower in a position to show best its appearance is drawn

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

from three times to thirty times natural size, accompanied by the sepals of a dissect¬

ed flower. The central apparatus intact, an individual petal, and the lip are drawn up

to 40 times natural size. Because of the three dimensional morphology of the

minute lip, it is drawn from two to five different perspectives. The minute size of

the parts precludes providing too exact dimensions.

Three hundred species have been published in three parts in leones Pleuro-

thallidinarum since 2002, and have been inked by Stig Dalstrom. Most of the

hundred or more species previously published have also been inked by Stig Dal¬

strom. The texts and illustrations of the species that follow in the final fourth part

include not only all those that have never been published, but also those that differ

significantly from their original publication with additional, critical information.

Every illustration is supported by floral parts preserved in liquid (about 55 parts

by volume of ethyl alcohol, about 5 parts household glycerine, and about 40 parts

tap water). Dry flowers are rehydrated in household ammonia, then preserved in

the above solution. Many rehydrated flowers prove worthless, especially if already

old, mutilated, or crushed in drying. However, some flowers rehydrate to a pristine

condition, if they were fresh when dried, and not crushed in drying.

Species are numbered by their appearance within the leones Pleurothallidinar-

um series. Bold numbers indicate the illustrations of new species and illustrations

of previously treated species that have not appeared in the series. Italicized

numbers indicate species included for a change or additional information, and illus¬

trations previously published in the series.

The Keys

The species are treated in 10 dichotomous keys. A dichotomous key is a key

built on successive comparisons of morphological features in numbered pairs.

These couplets list characters in the order of a description. Where applicable, the

habit is followed by the leaf, ramicaul, inflorescence, sepals, petals and lip. If a

couplet seems vague, the illustrations can be consulted.

The habit is the most obvious key character, whether it be caespitose, repent, or

prolific, or small or large, followed by the most obvious key characters of the in¬

florescence: racemes, floral bracts and flowers, especially the connation and posi¬

tion of the sepals. In spite of variability, vegetative and floral size is also useful in

dividing great numbers into smaller numbers. The number of veins in the dorsal

sepal is most useful, followed by the number of veins in the petals, but this last key

character is not easily seen hidden in tiny flowers. However, with digital dexterity

and patience in the use of a 10 power loupe, this valuable information can be had.

Unfortunately, a flower will have to be mutilated or sacrificed.

Although purely artificial, the size of the plant is used to decrease large numbers

of superficially similar plants into smaller keys for ease in handling. Unfortunately,

the dividing line is not always clear, so plants near the dividing line are included in

both keys. Also, questionable, borderline plants should be sought in both keys.

In the construction of this key, every species was re-evaluated. While creating

problems, constructing a key also solves problems. Similar species gravitate to¬

gether for comparison. Often some species prove to be too similar to maintain,

whereupon they are reduced to synonymy. Construction of a key also exposes

undetected synonyms. On the other hand, unrecognized new species sometimes

appear among those originally thought to be duplicate specimens, or others that

were thought to be synonyms.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

KEY I

KEY TO THE KEYS

1 Sepals dissimilar, the lateral sepals variously connate into a concave synsepal (1.

Stelis Sect. Humboldtia)

2 Plant caespitose

3 Plant less than 8 centimeters tall.KEY II, page 41.

3’ Plant more than 8 centimeters tall.KEY III, page 44.

T Plant repent, scandent, or prolific.KEY IV, page 47.

I’ Sepals similar, lateral sepals not variously connate into a concave synsepal

4 Lateral sepals deeply divided, usually more deeply connate to the dorsal sepal

than to themselves; column with stigmatic lobes overlying the hilum of the

petals (2. Stelis Sect. Nexipous).KEY V, page 94.

4’ Lateral sepals not more deeply connate to the dorsal sepal than to themselves;

column with stigmatic lobes rarely overlying the petals (3. Stelis Sect. Stelis).

5 Plant caespitose

6’ Sepals expanded, neither concave nor antrorse

7 Plant less than 5 centimeters tall.KEY VI, page 103.

7’ Plant more than 5 centimeters tall

8 Plant between 5 and 10 centimeters tall.KEY VII, page 107.

8’ Plant more than 10 centimeters tall.KEY VIII, page 112.

6’ Lateral sepals antrorse or concave.KEY IX, page 118.

5’ Plant repent, scandent, or prolific.KEY X, page 123.

Stelis Sect. Nexipous)

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1. STELIS Sect. HUMBOLDTIA

Stelis sect. Humboldtia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 254,1807.

Bas.: Humboldtia Ruiz & Pav.

Type: Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz & Pav. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Syn.: Dialissa Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 107, 1845.

Type: Stelis dialissa Rchb.f.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Labiatae Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 107, 1845.

Type: Stelis brevilabris Lindl.

Syn.: Steliopsis Brieger, Orchideen 8(29-32): 457, 1976, without Latin diagnosis.

Type: Steliopsis anneliesae Brieg. = Stelis maxima Lindl.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Stelis Sw. Garay, sensu Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 350, 1956.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Inaequales Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956.

Type: Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz & Pav. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Ety.: From the Latin inaequalis , “unequal,” referring to the different sizes of the dorsal sepal and

the synsepal.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Disepalae Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 70, 1855, not validly punlished.

Ety.: From the Greek disepalon , “two sepals,” referring to the bilabiate flowers.

Lectotype: Stelis melanoxantha Rchb.f., for the description of which the proposed section was made.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Valvae Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956,

Ety.: From the Latin valvae. “valves,” referring to the bivalvate (bilabiate) flowers.

Type: Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz & Pav. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Typified by Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., this section is distinguished

by bilabiate flowers created by a nearly free, erect or suberect dorsal sepal, and a

synsepal that is formed by partial to complete connation of the lateral sepals. When

incompletely connate, the lateral sepals connive to form a concave synsepal, with

their tips in apposition or nearly so. There is a progression from a forwardly direct¬

ed, concave synsepal to a non-concave synsepal in an expanded, or a more or less

flat flower. Many species in Stelis sect. Stelis with more or less similar sepals, but

with the lateral sepals antrorse, and sometimes connivent, simulating a synsepal,

constitute Key IX. Assigning some species to this section can be debatable. All

non-caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis are in Key X.

All three vegetative habits occur in Stelis sect. Humboldtia , but only two varia¬

tions of the lip: type-A or type-B. Stelis sect. Humboldtia is divided for conven¬

ience into three keys: small caespitose plants less than eight centimeters tall exclud¬

ing inflorescence in Key II, larger caespitose plants taller than eight centimeters in

Key III, and plants with prolific, repent, or scandent habits in Key IV.

Twenty-five species of Stelis sect. Humboldtia are small, caespitose and less

than eight centimeters tall, excluding the inflorescence. They are listed below,

followed by their appearance within the leones Pleurothallidinarum series.

Stelis ann-jesupiae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 6.

Stelis brachiata Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 11.

Stelis buccella Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 106.

Stelis bucculenta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 214.

Stelis dactyloptera Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 313.

Stelis delhierroi Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 109.

Stelis distans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 49.

Stelis embreei Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 15.

Stelis flexilis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 18.

Stelis florianii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 19.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Stelis galeola Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 20.

Stelis globiflora Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 318.

Stelis glossula Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 320.

Stelis humholdtina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 111., S. patens.

Stelis jatunyacuensis Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 322.

Stelis memorialis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 115.

Stelis nycterina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 22.

Stelis odobenella Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 328.

Stelis opercularis Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 329.

Stelis patens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 24.; Part Two, Fig. 111.

Stelis sanchezii Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 31.

Stelis sumacoensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 34.

Stelis thoerleae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 125.

Stelis tricula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 300.

Stelis vollesii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 36.

KEY II: The caespitose species of Stelis sect. Humboldtia , fewer than 8 centimeters tall.

1 Dorsal sepal 3-veined.

2 Raceme congested, horizontal; dorsal sepal much longer than wide, synsepal bifid,

not concave...... S. glossula

2’ Not the above combination.

3 Dorsal sepal up to 2 mm long; petals with margins thin

4 Lip thick, about as deep as long. S. buccella

4’ Lip thin with the dorsum slopping. S. tricula

3’ Dorsal sepal 3 mm or more long; petals with margins not thick.

5 Petals triangular, acute. S. vollesii

5’ Petals ovate to triangular with the apex broadly rounded.

6 Stigmatic processes elongate

7 Stigmas with a hornlike process. S. odobenella

T Stigmas with an elongate, obtuse process. S. brachiata

6’ Stigmatic processes not elongate

8 Petals elongate, triangular

9 Petals acute with thin, irregular margins. S. nycterina

9’ Petals obtuse with thick margins. S. globiflora

8’ Petals transverse, more or less oblong

10 Synsepal bifid, minimally concave

11 Raceme erect, strict, simultaneously flowered. S. distans

11’ Raceme pendent, flexuous, successively flowered. S. sanchezii

10’ Synsepal distinctly concave

12 Sepals densely pubescent within. S. bucculenta

12’ Sepals not densely pubescent within

13 Raceme strict, simultaneously flowered. S. memorialis

13’ Raceme flexible, more or less arching, successively flowered

14 Leaf broadly elliptical, minutely verrucose. S. galeola

14’ Leaf elliptical, smooth

15 Lip with the bar tall, the dorsum sloping downward with an erect

callus. S. opercularis

15’ Lip with the bar prominent, the dorsum with a round callus

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

16 Rachis flexuous; petals without an obvious transverse callus.

. S. flexilis

16’ Rachis not flexuous; petals with a distinct transverse callus.

. S. sumacoensis

1’ Dorsal sepal 5- to 7-veined

17 Inflorescence 1-flowered. S. arm-jesupiae

17’ Inflorescence 2- to many-flowered

18 Petals fimbriate

19 Dorsal sepals ca. 10 mm long; lip with subacute basal angles. S. dactyloptera

19’ Dorsal sepals ca. 6 mm long; lip with elongated basal angles. S. florianii

18’ Petals entire

20 Sepals semiconnate, recurved above the middle. S. delhierroi

20’ Sepals not semiconnate and recurved above the middle

21 Leaf narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute

22 Inflorescence longer than the leaf; synsepal shallowly concave. S. patens

22’ Inflorescence shorter than the leaf; synsepal deeply concave

S. jatunyacuensis

21’ Leaf broadly elliptical, obtuse to rounded

23 Leaf ca. 3 cm wide; lip with bar high, callus large, rounded. S. thoerleae

23’ Leaf ca. 1.5 cm wide; lip with bar low bar, callus small, pubescent.

. S. embreei

About 60 species of Stelis sect. Humboldtia are more than 8 centimeters tall,

excluding the inflorescence. They are listed below, followed by their appearance

within the leones Pleurothallidinarum series.

Stelis acutilabia Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 5.

Stelis aequoris Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 308.

Stelis aernbyae Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 131.

Stelis allenii L.O. Williams, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 309.

Stelis alpina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 105., S. purpurea

Stelis applanata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 8.

Stelis aviceps Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 310., 310a.

Stelis bivalvis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 9.

Stelis bolivarensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 10.

Stelis cajanumae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 107., S. coelica

Stelis coeliaca Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 12.

Stelis condorensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 146.

Stelis cryptochila Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 355, 1956., S. aviceps

Stelis depauperata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 253a., as S. graminosa

Stelis distans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 49.

Stelis dromedarina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 14.

Stelis elatissima, Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 249.

Stelis fissurata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 16.

Stelis flacca Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 316.

Stelis flava Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 17.

Stelis frontinoensis O.Duque, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 127, as S. venusta

Stelis gastrodes Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 317.

Stelis glossulicles Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 215., S. megaloglossa

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Stelis graminosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 253., S. depauperata

Stelis guatemalensis Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 321., 321a.

Stelis ingridiana Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 112.

Stelis jimburae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 64.

Stelis langlassei Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 323., 323a., 323b.

Stelis lapoi Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 217.

Stelis listrophylla Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 113.

Stelis luteola Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 114.

Stelis luteria Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 21., as S. santiagoi

Stelis manabina Dodson & Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 327a., S. nutans

Stelis megaloglossa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 215., as S. glossulicles

Stelis multiflora Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 116.

Stelis nana Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 326.

Stelis nigrescens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 218.

Stelis nutans Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 327., 327a.

Stelis paradisicola Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 276.

Stelis pardipes Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 330., 330a.

Stelis parvipetala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 23., S. coeliaca

Stelis patinaria Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 25.

Stelis pedanocaulon Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 118.

Stelis pelycophora Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 219.

Stelis platypetala Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 26.

Stelis preclara Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 27.

Stelis pristis Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 333.

Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., leones Pleuroth. 26, Part One, Fig. 29., as S. repanda ;

Part Two, Fig. 105. as S. alpina.

Stelis regina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 28.

Stelis repanda Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 29., S. purpurea

Stelis rosamariae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 30.

Stelis santiagoi Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 32., S. luteria

Stelis scaphoglossa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 120.

Stelis scopulosa Luer & Hirtz, new sp„ leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 335.

Stelis singularis Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 336.

Stelis situlifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 33.

Stelis sparsiflora Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 220., S. pelycophora

Stelis strobilacea Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 221.

Stelis surrogatilabia Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 121.

Stelis tarda Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 122.

Stelis teaguei Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 123.

Stelis tenuifolia Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 124.

Stelis tobarii Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 338.

Stelis valladolidensis Luer & D’Alessandro, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 340.

Stelis velivolva Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 35.

Stelis velutina Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 341.

Stelis venosa Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 126.

Stelis venusta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 127., S. frontinoensis

Stelis vulcani Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 342., 342a.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY III: The caespitose species of Stelis sect. Humboldtia, more than 8 centimeters tall.

1 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

2 Raceme with flowers produced successively

3 Raceme surpassing the leaf, flowers produced slowly, buds and fruit produced

simultaneously. S. tarda

3’ Raceme shorter than the leaf, buds and fruit not simultaneous. S. dromedarina

T Raceme with flowers produced simultaneously

4 Petals and lip acute

5 Lip with a narrowly triangular tip longer than the blade. S. pardipes

5’ Lip with an apiculum shorter than the blade. S. guatemalensis

4’ Petals and lip not acute

6 Raceme shorter, or barely as long as the leaf

7 Racemes multiple; lip with apex broadly triangular. S. multiflora

T Raceme solitary; lip with apex narrowly triangular. S. valladolidensis

6’ Racemes longer than the leaf

8 Leaf slender, up to 1 cm wide

9 Lip with the bar cleft more than half the dorsum. S. fissurata

9’ Lip with the bar not cleft

10 Lateral sepals connate to the apex. S. depauperata

10’ Lateral sepals semiconnate

11 Raceme less than 10 cm long. S. distans

11 Raceme more than 20 cm long. S. elatissima

8’ Leaf more than 1 cm wide

12 Synsepal with a deep, retrorse mentum. S. gastrodes

IT Synsepal without a retrorse mentum

13 Sepals densely long-pubescent within. S. scopulosa

13’ Sepals glabrous, minutely or shortly pubescent within

14 Lip not deeply concave

15 Sepals 3-3.5 mm long. S. nutans

15’ Sepals 4-8 mm long

16 Raceme densely flowered; lip not longer than wide. S. vulcani

16’ Raceme loosely flowered; lip longer than wide. S. condorensis

14’ Lip deeply concave

17 Lip with apex shortly triangular. S. scaphoglossa

17’ Lip with apex protuberant, triangular. S. vulcani

V Dorsal sepal 5- or more-veined

18 Dorsal sepal 5- to 7-veined

19 Mature inflorescence shorter than, to about as long as the leaf

20 Petals broad with an apiculum. S. langlassei

20’ Petals without an apiculum

21 Plants ca. 10 cm tall; dorsal sepal ca. 4 mm long

22 Dorsal sepal longer than broad. S. nana

22’ Dorsal sepal broader than long. S. bivalvis

21’ Plants 15-20 cm tall; dorsal sepal 6-14 mm long

23 Synsepal deeply concave

24 Petals 1-veined. S. singularis

24’ Petals 3-veined

25 Dorsal sepal ca. 14 mm long; lip with the margin thin. S. teaguei

25’ Dorsal sepal ca. 8 mm long; lip with the margin broad and flat. S. velivolva

STELIS OF ECUADOR 45

23’ Synsepal flat with a small, central, shallow mentum. S. jimburae

19’ Mature inflorescence longer than the leaf

26 Flowers produced slowly, successively, buds and fruit produced simultaneously.

.. S. paradisicola

26’ Raceme with few to many flowers open simultaneously

27 Dorsal sepal and synsepal spread about 180°

28 Synsepal with a central, papillose callus. S. surrogatilabia

28’ Synsepal without a callus

29 Synsepal flat with a small, central, shallow mentum

30 Leaf broadly ovate, ca. 10 cm wide. S. listrophylla

30’ Leaf elliptical or ovate, less than 3 cm wide

31 Petals meet above column and below lip; lip with dorsum sloping down

ward. frontinoensis

31’ Petals not meeting above column and below lip; lip not with the dorsum

sloping downward

32 Synsepal longer than broad. S. applanata

32’ Synsepal broader than long. S. aequoris

29’ Synsepal concave

33 Synsepal shallowly concave with a shallow mentum

34 Lip deep with a protruding bar. S. ingridiana

34’ Lip shallow without a protruding bar. S. patinaria

33’ Synsepal deeply concave with a deep mentum

35 Lip with apex broadly rounded with flat margin, with the bar protuberant..

. S. coeliaca

35’ Lip with apex obtuse with thin margin, with the bar not prominent.

. S. pelycophora

27’ Dorsal sepal and synsepal spread less than 180° (ca. 60-135°)

36 Lateral sepals partially connate; lip with the dorsum sloping downward

37 Leaf ovate, long-petiolate; lip with dorsum without a callus. S. tobarii

37’ Leaf elliptical, short-petiolate; lip with dorsum tricallous. S. aembyae

36’ Lateral sepals connate to, or nearly to the apex, into a synsepal; lip with the

dorsum not sloping downward

38 Synsepal shallowly concave

39 Dorsal sepal connate to the synsepal ca. 1/3 the length; lip oblong with

rounded tip. S. pristis

39’ Dorsal sepal shallowly connate to the synsepal, less than 1/3 the length

40 Dorsal sepal proportionately large; lip type-B. S. megaloglossa

40’ Dorsal sepal not proportionately large relative to the synsepal; lip type-A

41 Floral bracts projecting beyond the flowers. S. nigrescens

41’ Floral bracts not projecting beyond the flowers

42 Leaves less than 1 cm wide; dorsal sepal 5 mm long. S. tenuifolia

42’ Leaves more than 1 cm wide

43 Dorsal sepal 3-4 mm long; synsepal broader than long. S. aviceps

43’ Dorsal sepal 6-10 mm long; synsepal not broader than long.

. S. purpurea

38’ Synsepal deeply concave

44 Petals overlapping above the column

45 Dorsal sepal ca. 15 mm long, 7-veined. S.flava

45’ Dorsal sepal ca. 7 mm long, 5-veined. S.lapoi

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

44’ Petals not overlapping above column

46 Synsepal with recurving margins

47 Dorsal sepal 10-13 mm long. S. luteria

47’ Dorsal sepal 5-8 mm long

48 Sepals minutely papular-pubescent. S. velutina

48’ Sepals glabrous, minutely cellular pubescent at most. S. vulcani

46’ Synsepal with erect margins

49 Ramicaul less than one third as long as the leaf.. S. pedanocaulon

49’ Ramicaul at least half as long as the leaf

50 Floral bracts far surpassing the flowers. S. strobilacea

50’ Floral bracts not surpassing the flowers

51 Synsepal deeper than wide. S. situlifera

51 ’ Synsepal not deeper than wide

52 Petals broad and flat; lip obtuse, minutely apiculate. S. platypetala

52’ Petals not broad and flat; lip not apiculate

53 Lip with margin broad and flat. S. velivolva

53’ Lip not with margin deep and flat

54 Lip triangular, acute, acuminate. S. acutilabia

54’ Lip not triangular, acute, acuminate

55 Lip with margin broad with the bar tall. S. flacca

55’ Lip not with margin broad and without a tall bar

56 Synsepal with a deep, retrorse mentum. S. bolivarensis

56’ Synsepal without a deep, retrorse mentum

57 Dorsal sepal acute, 6-10 mm long. S. purpurea

57’ Dorsal sepal obtuse, less than 4 mm long

58 Plant more than 10 cm tall; synsepal transversely obtuse.

. S. aviceps

58’ Plant less than 10 cm tall; synsepal not transversely obtuse...

. S. luteola

18’ Dorsal sepal 9- to 11-veined

59 Dorsal sepal triangular, acute, usually more than 13 mm long. S. allenii

59’ Dorsal sepal not triangular, less than 13 mm long

60 Synsepal transversely concave with the apices not in apposition. S. venosa

60’ Synsepal shallowly concave with the apices in apposition

61 Petals and lip with margins broad and flat. S. rosamariae

61’ Petals and lip not with margins broad and flat

62 Floral bracts protruding beyond the flowers. S. nigrescens

62’ Floral bracts not protruding beyond the flowers

63 Petals with a flat margin. S. preclara

63’ Petals with a thick, fleshy, rounded margin. S. regina

Twenty-three non-caespitose (repent, scandent and prolific) species of Stelis

sect. Humboldtia , regardless of height. They are listed below, followed by their

appearance within the leones Pleurothallidinarum series.

Stelis abdita Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 307.

Stelis anthracina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 7.

Stelis bicornis Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig, 311., 31 la.

Stelis biserrula Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig, 312.

Stelis brevilabris Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 99., as S. serpens.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Stelis corniculata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 108., 108a.

Stelis dialissa Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig, 314.

Stelis digitata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 13.

Stelis elongata Kuntz, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 315., 315a.

Stelis fortis Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 110.

Stelis glomerosa Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 319.

Stelis inflata Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 216.

Stelis maniola Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 101.

Stelis maxima Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 324.

Stelis mucronata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 325.

Stelis neudeckeri Luer & Dodson, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 117.

Stelis piperina Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 331.

Stelis pollex Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 332.

Stelis propagans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 119.

Stelis pugiunculi Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 334.

Stelis saccata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 2.

Stelis serpens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 99., S. brevilabris.

Stelis stiriosa Luer & Dalstrom, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 337.

Stelis triseta Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 17(126), 1858., S. bicornis

Stelis truncata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 339.

KEY IV: The noncaespitose species of Stelis sect. Humboldtia.

1 Habit prolific, a ramicaul borne from the apex of a ramicaul

2 Dorsal sepal 3- to 5-veined

3 Petals and lip acute, apiculate or subulate

4 Sepals deeply connate and inflated into a suborbicular

sepaline tube. S. glomerosa

4’ Sepals not deeply connate and inflated

5 Petals broad, rounded with a minute apiculum. S. pugiunculi

5’ Petals not broad, rounded with a minute apiculum

6 Petals and lip with the tip acute, triangular. S. mucronata

6’ Petals and lip with a subulate apiculum

7 Habit robust; dorsal sepal 6-8 mm long. S. bicornis

7’ Habit not robust; dorsal sepal 3-4 mm long. S. biserrula

3’ Petals and lip neither acute nor apiculate

8 Raceme slowly successively flowered with fruit and flowers simultaneous

. S. anthracina

8’ Raceme simultaneously flowered

9 Synsepal with a central mentum; lip with apex triangular, acute. S. propagans

9’ Synsepal without a central mentum; lip not acute

10 Dorsal sepal ca. 3 mm long; synsepal 2 mm long, broadly inflated.... S. inflata

10’ Dorsal sepal ca. 5 mm long; synsepal concave, not broadly inflated

11 Ramicauls slender; lip with the length thin. S. digitata

11’ Ramicauls rigid, stout; lip with the length, width and depth thick. S. truncata

T Dorsal sepal ca. 11-veined

12 Synsepal deeply concave with retrorse mentum. S. neudeckeri

12’ Synsepal broadly concave without a retrorse mentum

13 Synsepal 9-10 mm long, acute at the apex. S. fortis

13’ Synsepal 12-18 mm long, broadly rounded at the apex. S. maxima

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

1’ Habit repent, ascending

14 Ramicauls and inflorescence erect

15 All 3 sepals connate basally into a cup or short tube

16 Sepals subcircular, connivent into a suborbicular flower. S. abdita

16 Sepals not connivent into a suborbicular flower

17 Floral bracts elongate, conspicuous. S. dialissa

17’ Floral bracts inconspicuous, not elongate

18 Sepals ca. 4 mm long; lip with protruding bar with the dorsum sloping down¬

ward . S. maniola

18’ Sepals ca. 10 mm long; lip with the dorsum tricallous. S. saccata

15’ Dorsal sepal connate basally into a bilabiate flower

19 Lip with the middle lobe elongate, narrowly triangular. S. elongata

19’ Lip with the middle lobe not narrowly triangular

20 Lip with the middle lobe obtuse, about as long as the body of the lip.

. S. brevilabris

20’ Lip with the middle lobe acute, shorter than the body of the lip.

. S. comiculata

14’ Ramicauls ascending, descending to pendent; inflorescence pendent

21 Leaf elliptical, obtuse; petal with margin undulating. S. piperina

21’ Leaf ovate, acute; petal not with margin undulating

22 Dorsal sepal obovte with rounded apex. S. pollex

22’ Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, obtuse. S. stiriosa

307. Stelis abdita Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin abtitus, "hidden," referring to the central apparatus hidden within the flower.

Planta parva erecta ascendens, racemo stricto subdense minutifloro foliis anguste ellipticis crassis

longiore, bracteis floralibus proportione elongatis acutis, sepali circularibus in florem orbiculari conni-

ventibus, petalis uninervis et labello subquadrato apiculato.

Plant small, epiphytic, ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, relatively stout, produced above

the base of a ramicaul, 15-25 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3

other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 20-25 mm long, 3-3.5

mm wide, 2 mm thick, gradually narrowed below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect,

subcongested, several-flowered raceme, to 35 mm long including the peduncle ca. 10 mm long, subtend¬

ed by a spathe 2 mm long, from an annulus within the cauline sheath; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2 mm

long, protruding; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.6 mm long; sepals yellow-green, glabrous, fleshy, subcir¬

cular, concave, the dorsal sepal antrorse, 1.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate about a fourth

the length to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals connate about a third the length, connivent to the tips

into a concave, ovoid synsepal, 1.8 mm long, each lateral sepal 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple,

membranous, cuneate, truncate, 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined, shallowly concave, with the

margin slightly thickened; lip purple, subquadrate, apparent length 1 mm, 0.75 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep

(the true length), the apex truncate, with a small, triangular apiculum, concave before a bicallous bar and

a broad glenion between, the dorsum shallowly concave before the densely pubescent base, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: Cerro Azul, alt. 3680 m, 27 July 2003, J.E. Ramos, J. Contreras, L.H. Ramos, A.

& R. Tigse 6620 (Holotype of S. abdita : CUVC; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21306.

This small species is known from only the original collection. It is distinguished

by an erect, ascending habit; thick, narrow leaves; and a slender raceme with

prominant floral bracts with tiny, orbicular flowers. The round and concave sepals

are weakly connate, the laterals to near the tips to create a semiorbicular synsepal;

the petals are single-veined; and the lip is oblong with a short apiculum.

Vegetatively, Stelis abdita is similar to Stelis spathulata Poepp. & Endl. of

section Stelis. The petals and lip of the two species also share similarities, but the

connivent, circular, concave sepals of S. abdita create the artificial separation.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

308. Stelis aequoris Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin aequor , “a level surface,” referring to the gaping flower.

Inter species sect. Humboldtiae, planta mediocris caespitosa, racemo folio anguste ovato petiolato

longiore, flore ringenti aequori, synsepalo expanso ad centrum concavo distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-8 cm long,

the middle third enclosed by a tubular sheath, 1-2 sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, nar¬

rowly ovate, acute, petiolate, 7-8 cm long including the petiole 2 cm long, the blade 1.2 cm wide in the

dry state, cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a loose, successively, many-flowered

raceme with several flowers open simultaneously, to 13-14 cm long including the peduncle 2-4 cm long,

with a spathe 8-10 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique,

infundibular, acute, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, acute, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, 5-veined, connate to the lateral sepals 2 mm,

the lateral sepals connate into a transversely ovoid synsepal, broadly obtuse at the apex, 5 mm long, 9

mm wide expanded, 6-veined, concave centrally below the lip; petals yellow, transversely lunate, con¬

cave below the transverse callus, very shallowly concave within the thick rounded margin, 1 mm long,

l. 8 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, thick, transversely oblong-lunate, 0.8 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1 mm

deep, concave anteriorly within the broadly obtuse, apical margin, the bar with thickened margins sepa¬

rated medially by a small glenion continuous with a large, rounded callus on the dorsum, the base trun¬

cate, hinged to the obsolescent column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, with the anther

and bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipi: epiphytic in scrub cloud forest east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2500

m, 21 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P Jesup, & A. Hirtz 16085 (Holotype of S. aequoris : MO).

This species is from the area east of Loja in southern Ecuador known for the

abundance of species of pleurothallids. It differs from other members of section

Humboldtia with the small habit; an acute, narrowly ovate, long-petiolate leaf; and

a loose, many-flowered raceme of medium-sized, yellow flowers. The synsepal

spreads 180° from the dorsal sepal to create a more or less flat flower. The synsepal

is concave only centrally. The petals are deeply concave below the transverse

callus, and only barely concave above that below the broadly rounded margin. The

lip is type-A, concave behind a broadly rounded margin, and the bar is interrupted

by the glenion that is continuous with a rounded, dorsal callus.

309. Stelis allenii L.O. Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 338, 1942.

Ety.: Named for Paul Hamilton Allen (1911-1963) of the Missouri Botanical Garden, who first

collected this species in Panama.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 5-17 cm long, enclosed by a

loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-22 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate or shortly

petiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers

open simultaneously, 15-40 cm long including the peduncle 8-12 cm long, subtended by a spathe 1-2.5

cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts cordate, inflated, acute, 5-17 mm

long; pedicels 4-8 mm long; ovary 2-5 mm long; flowers bilabiate; sepals glabrous, green suffused with

purple to red-purple, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, acute, 5-22 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, 5- to 11-veined,

connate basally to the synsepal, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, shallowly concave synse¬

pal, 5-16 mm long, 6-14 mm wide, 8- to 19-veined; petals purple, transversely cordate-ovate, 0.75-1 mm

long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, broadly thickened, the base narrowly concave below a trans¬

verse callus; lip purple, transversely subquadrate, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1.25 mm deep, the apex thick,

broadly rounded with a thick, well-demarcated margin protruding below, the bar with a large glenion, the

dorsum with a low, obscurely 3-lobed callous, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

PANAMA: Code: hills north of El Valle de Anton, alt. ca. 800 m, 10 Apr. 1942, P. Allen 2952 (Holo¬

type of S. allenii : MO; isotypes: AMES, K); Loma del Tigre, north of El Valle, alt. 3,000 ft., 6 July 1947,

PH. Allen 5066 (AMES, SEL); above El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 6 Mar. 1976, cultivated 19 Sept. 1976, C.

Luer 1084 (SEL). Colon: Santa Rita lumber road, 27 Mar. 1968, R.L. Dressier 3463 (SEL). Chiriquf:

below Volcan, alt. 1000 m, collected Sept. 1976, flowered in cultivation 24 Mar. 1977, C. Luer 1378

(SEL).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Rio Baba, south of Santo Domingo, alt. 300 m, 1 Nov. 1961, C.H. Dodson &

L.B. Thien 1157 (SEL); above Tinalandia, alt. ca. 900 m, collected by C. Luer, Aug. 1975, flowered in

cultivation, 11 Feb. 1977, C. Luer 1374 (SEL); Cooperativa Santa Marta, Rio Verde, southeast of Santo

Domingo, alt. 530 m, 5 Feb. 1979, C.H. Dodson 7402 (SEL); above Chiriboga, alt. ca. 2000 m, collected

by A. Hirtz, Feb. 1982, flowered in cultivation 27 Dec. 1982, C. Luer 8509 (SEL); Santa Rosa de Toachi,

alt. 1300 m, Mar. 1990, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & K.H. Baumann 4674 (MO); near Mindo, cultivated by H.

Onate in Mindo, 9 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19880 (MO). Cotopaxi: between Quevedo and Latacunga,

Tenefuerte, Rio Pilalo, alt. 750-900 m, 14 Oct. 1981, C.H. Dodson & P.M. Dodson 11893 (SEL). Los

Rios: Rio Palenque Biological Station, alt. 150-220 m, 26 Oct. 1974, C.H. Dodson 5700 (SEL).

Superficially similar to the Andean Stelis maxima Lindl., with which it has been

confused, this large species is variable in size in its wide distribution. In central

Panama it occurs in the province of Code, and in Ecuador it is occurs on the west¬

ern slopes of Pichincha at relatively low altitudes. From S. maxima it differs by a

caespitose, non-proliferating habit, a more congested raceme with longer bracts, a

shorter spathe, and a narrower dorsal sepal.

Stelis allenii is a robust, caespitose species with stout ramicauls clad in a large,

loose sheath. The leaf is large and leathery with the base subsessile or shortly pe-

tiolate. The inflorescence is a tall, erect, congested raceme with large, prominent,

purple, floral bracts. The size of the flowers varies on the same raceme from large

below to small above. The multi-veined dorsal sepal is triangular and acute,

sometimes exceeding two centimeters in length. The synsepal is broad and shallow¬

ly concave. The petals are semilunate with a broadly rounded, thick margin. The

lip is subquadrate-triangular, shallowly concave with a narrow glenion, and with a

thick, broadly rounded apex. The marginal thickening is well-demarcated as a

curved edge beneath the body of the lip. This zone of transition between two thick¬

nesses is not present on the lip of Stelis maxima.

310., 310a. Stelis aviceps Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 16(121), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin aviceps, "bird-headed," in allusion to an unexpanded flower.

Syn.: Stelis cryptochila Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 355, 1956.

Ety.: From the Greek cryptocheilos, "a hidden lip," referring to the labellum.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4

cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath, and another 1-2 at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-

ovate, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-10 cm long including a petiole 1.5-2 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide,

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-3 erect, sublax, secund, nearly simultaneously many-

flowered racemes, 10-18 cm long including the peduncle ca. 5 cm long, with a spathe ca. 7 mm long,

from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 1.5

mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers yellow-green to purple, bilabiate; sepals glabrous, microscopically

ciliate within, the dorsal sepal erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3.5-5 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, 5-(7-)veined,

connate basally to the synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate into a transversely ovoid, concave

synsepal, 2-4 mm long, 5 mm wide expanded, 10-veined; petals transversely semilunate, shallowly

concave, with the apex broadly obtuse, thick on the margin, concave basally, 1.25 mm long, 1.75 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip thickly triangular, obtusely rounded at the apex, 0.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 0.75

mm deep, the anterior surface shallowly concave, the bar with a small, marginal glenion, the dorsum

shallowly concave with a broad, rounded callous, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

Representatve collections selected from many:

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Andes of Quito, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. aviceps : K); old road between

Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 2200, 17 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 389 (SEL); road to

Mindo, alt. ca. 2000 m, 1 Feb. 1978, C. Luer & J. Luer 2375 (MO).

Napo: junction of Baeza-Lago Agrio road with Rio Azuela, alt. 1740, 21-25 Oct. 1971, B. MacBryde

771, 837 (AMES); between Baeza and Tena, Hda. Guacamayos, alt. 2000 m, 6 Nov. 1980, G. Harling &

L. Andersson 16306 (GB).

Pastaza: near Tena, alt. 400 m, 2-11 Apr. 1935, Ynes Mexia 7190 (holotype of S. cryptochila Garay:

AMES; isotype: US); between Banos and Puyo, alt. 1000 m, 18 Feb. 1962, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien

2272 (SEL); below Rio Negro, alt. 1500 m, 25 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 378 (AAU,

SEL).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Tungurahua: between Banos and Puyo, alt. 1600 m, 8 Oct. 1961, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 923 (SEL);

Juivi, 20 km northeast of Banos, alt 2330 m, 7 Jan. 1962, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 1830 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: along Rio Yunganza below Limon, alt. 950 m, 17 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11861 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1450 m, 4

Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12818 (MO).

Loja: Loja-Zamora road, alt. 2300-2700 m, 16 Apr. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 14651 (GB);

Cerro Villonaco, road to Catamayo, alt. 2700 m, 18 June 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & U. Molau 15091

(AAU).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1850 m, 21 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppe-

sen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 4128 (AAU, AMES); Rio Jamboe, road to Zumba, alt. 1400 m, 22 Apr.

1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 13868 (GB).

COLOMBIA: Narino: western slopes of Pasto, near San Pablo, July 1879, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W).

PERU: Cajamarca: between Chota and Tacabamba, alt. 2800 m, 19 Feb. 1983, D. Smith & R. Vasquez

M. 3578 (MO).

Junm: Chanchamayo, south of San Ramon, alt. 1700 m, 19 Oct. 1982, D. Smith & M. Palacios 2656

(MO).

This species, closely related to the variable and widely distributed Stelis purpur¬

ea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd, was named by Lindley for the resemblance of a closed

flower to a bird-head, but this can apply to the whole genus. It is most easily dis¬

tinguished from S. purpurea by a smaller habit, shorter floral bracts, smaller flow¬

ers, and an obtuse dorsal sepal instead of acute. However, numerous collections are

intermediate, making many identifications doubtful or inaccurate.

Stelis aviceps is vegetatively variable, relatively frequent, and widely distributed

from Colombia into Bolivia. It is characterized by small flowers with short floral

bracts in a lax, many-flowered raceme that eventually far exceeds the leaf that is

often oblong and obtuse. The dorsal sepal is broadly ovate, commonly 3.5 mm

long, and usually five-veined, while the lateral sepals are connate into a shorter and

more or less transversely ovate, concave synsepal. The petals are semilunate with a

thick margin. The apex of the broad lip is obtusely rounded and shallowly concave,

and with a low callus on the dorsum.

311., 311a. Stelis bicornis Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 18(133), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin bicornis , “two-horned,” referring to the pair of petals. A more apopos name

would have been “tricomis,” because the lip is equally aristate.

Syn.: Stelis triseta Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 17(126), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin triseta , “three-bristled,” referring to the aristate petals and lip.

Plant large, epiphytic, scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, stout, prolific, up to 25 cm

long below to 4 cm long above, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and another sheath

at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, petiolate, 4-10 cm long including the

petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense,

distichous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 10-23 cm long including the

peduncle 3-5 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, 3-4

mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; flowers nutant, bilabiate, dorsal sepal commonly

purple, synsepal commonly light green; sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, acute to subacute,

6-8 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, 3- to 5-veined, connate basally to the synsepal, the lateral sepals connate

into a broadly ovate, deeply concave synsepal, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide unexpanded, 8-veined;

petals commonly yellow or green, transversely oblong, long-apiculate, 0.5-0.75 mm long without the

apiculum, 1-1.5 mm long with the apiculum, 1-1.25 mm wide, the base broadly truncate; lip commonly

yellow or green, thick, subquadrate, long-apiculate, 0.6-0.75 mm long without the apiculum, 1 mm wide,

the apex abruptly contracted into the subulate apiculum 0.75 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm long with the apicu¬

lum, the disc broad, obscurely tricallous, with a shallow cavity on the anterior surface at the base of the

apiculum, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide,

the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

Selected representive collections:

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Andes of Quito, Valley of Lloa, alt. 8,000 ft., 21 Jan. 1856, (R.108) W. Jameson

490 (Holotype of S. bicornis: K; Isotypes: AMES, BM, G); near Quito, Mt. Pichincha, June 1864, W.

Jameson s.n. (W); western slope of Pichincha, alt. 2800 m, 9 Dec. 1939, E. Asplund 10091 (BR, G, K, S).

Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 1700-2000 m, 21 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

2646 (SEL).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sucumbios: El Playon de San Francisco, Cerro Mirador, alt. 3300 m, 28 Dec. 1980, L. Holm-Nielsen, J.

Jaramillo & F. Coello 29807 (AAU).

Imbabura: rocky cliffs, between Volcan Cotacachi and Apuela, alt. 2920 m, 1 Dec. 1975, M.T. Madison

& F.R. Coleman 2234 (AMES, SEL).

Napo: between Papallacta and Baeza, alt. 2800 m, 5 June 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6884 (AAU, AMES).

Cotopaxi: between Quevedo and Latacunga, west of Pilalo, alt. 2200-2350 m, 8 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-

Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 3209 (AAU, AMES, K, SEL).

Tungurahua: Volcan Tunurahua, alt. 2400 m, Oct. 1879, F.C. Lemann 347 (AMES, G).

Chimborazo: above Facundo Vela, alt. 3000 m, 24 Mar. 1984 C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hdijer 9677,

9685 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 2150 m, 16 May 1988, C. Luer et al. 13405 (MO).

Bolivar: pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrom & T. Hdijer

9727 (MO).

Azuay: Rio Panjon, northeast of Sevilla de Oro, alt. 2600 m, 19 June 1979, B. L0jtnant & E.U. Molau

15161 (AAU, GB).

Loja: Cerro Toledo, southeast of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 7 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23821

(GB);

PERU: Amazonas: Bagua, alt. 6,500 ft., 11 Aug. 1978, P. Barbour 2841 (MO); Laguna Pomacochas, alt.

2250 m, 20 Mar. 1998, H. van der Werjfet al. 15239 (MO).

Cajamarca: San Ignacio, San Jose de Lourdes, alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1997, J. Campos & S. Corrales

3544 (MO).

San Martin: Roija. Buenos Aires, H. van der Werjfet al. 15350 (MO).

Huanuco: Muna-Macora-Chaglia woods, alt. unk., 20 Mar. 1965, F. Woytkowski 5280 (MO).

Pasco: Cordillera Yanachaga, alt. 2450 m, 2 Mar. 1982, A. Gentry & D. Smith 35978 (MO).

Cuzco: Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, alt. 2200 m, C. Vargas 2552 (CUZ); Paucartambo,

Pillahuanta, alt. 2800 m, C. Vargas 4949 (CUZ).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: without locality, 1846, Bridges s.n. (holotype of S. triseta: K); Nor Yungas: Rio

Unduavi, alt. 2650 m, 29 Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5008 (SEL).

Cochabamba: Chapare, old road from Cochabamba to Villa Tunari, alt. 2800 m, 1 Feb. 1997, C. Luer, J.

Luer, W. Teague, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 18373, 18374 (MO).

This large, robust, prolific species is widely distributed and frequent in the

Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It is the largest of those species with pointed

petals and lip. The sepals of Stelis bicornis vary from six to eight millimeters long.

The body of the petals is obtuse with the apex drawn out into a subulate process that

points forward, the two together like a pair of horns flanking the column. The body

of the lip is more or less quadrate with the apex drawn out into a similar, narrowly

acute tip.

Lindley failed to note the aristate lip in his description of Stelis bicornis. A

sketch at the bottom of the type sheet acurately shows the pointed petals, but the

apex of the lip is drawn rounded. Hydration of a flower reveals long-pointed tips of

both petals and also the lip.

A collection of this species from Bolivia was described simultaneously by

Lindley (1858) and aptly named Stelis triseta. Similar plants with smaller leaves

and smaller flowers were recognized by Lindley as Stelis biserrula. Plants with

similar small leaves and flowers, but with merely acute petals and lip, were rec¬

ognized as Stelis mucronata Lindl. (1858), An illustration of S. biserrula was

correctly identified in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated , but this same illustration in

Systematics of the Genus Stelis Sw. (Garay, 1980) was identified as S. triseta ( =S.

bicornis Lindl.).

A similar plant with exceptionally broad, minutely apiculate petals was de¬

scribed by Lindley as Stelis pugiunculi. Stelis corniculata Luer & Hirtz, another

related species is distinguished by a long-repent rhizome, nonprolific ramicauls,

petals with a mere thickening at the apex, and a truncate lip with a short apiculum.

Two tall, caespitose species with similar, setaceous tips of the petals and lip

(; Stelis guatemalensis Schltr. and S. pardipes Rchb.f.) are found in both the Andes

and Central America.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cajanuma Range, south of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10736, 10757 (MO).

PERU: Junm: Tarma, mountains west of Huancapistana, alt. 2600-3000 m, Jan. 1903, A. Weberbauer

2085 (holotype of S. inversa destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: CUZ, lectotype: MOL).

This species, widely distributed from Colombia to central Peru, was first col¬

lected a century and a half ago by Theodor Hartweg in the Paramo de Guanacas of

southern Colombia, and described by Lindley. A recent collection from southeast¬

ern Ecuador was described and illustrated in leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 99.,

as Stelis serpens Luer & Hirtz.

Stelis brevilabris is characterized by a long-repent habit; elliptical leaves about

as long as the ramicauls; and a congested, secund raceme slightly longer than the

leaf. The flowers are very small with partially connate, connivent lateral sepals;

transverse petals with the apex irregularly thickened externally; and a three-lobed

lip with a pair of obtuse lobes overhanging the base of the concave, ovate, middle

lobe. The lateral lobes appear to be modifications of a transverse bar.

313. Stelis dactyloptera Rchb.f., OtiaBot. Hamburg. 1: 19, 1878.

Ety.: From the Greek dactylopterus, “with finger-like wings,” referring to the fimbriate petals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 6-8 mm long, enclosed

by two tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, petiolate, 18-30

mm long including a petiole 7-11 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence a remotely few- to many-flowered raceme, more or less arching to pendent with the

weight of the flowers, up to 25 cm long including the slender, weak peduncle 5-7 cm long, 2-3 flowers

open simultaneously, from below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, obtuse, 2 mm long,

2 mm wide; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers purple, bilabiate, sepals glabrous, the

dorsal sepal erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate 3 mm basally to the synsepal, 10 mm long, 8 mm wide,

5- to 7-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a deeply concave, ovoid synsepal, 8 mm long, 10 mm wide

expanded, 10-veined; petals transversely ovate, the apex rounded with the inner margin of the apex

developed into a conspicuous, cockscomb-like lamella, the outer margin of the apex presents as a curved

carina on the back side, 3 mm long including the fringe, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, shallowly concave

below the thickened margin; lip subdiscoid, 0.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 1 mm deep, shallowly concave

anteriorly with the apex rounded, the margin thickened, microscopically aciculate-reticulate, the bar with

a small marginal pair of calli flanking a small glenion, the dorsum with a small, rounded, pubescent

callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column clavate with the gynostemium

slender, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical and bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pastaza, between Rio Verde and Rio Pastaza, alt. 6,000 ft., June 1877, F.C. Lehmann s.n.

(Holotype of S. dactyloptera : W).

Tungurahua: between Rio Verde and Rio Negro, alt. 1500 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz &

W. Flores 11175 (MO); near Rio Verde, alt. 1700 m, 29 May 1998, L. Jost 1009 (MO), C. Luer 19492.

Morona-Santiago: Valle del Paute, alt. 2200 m, cultivated in Paute by A. Andreetta, 18 May 1988, C.

Luer 13389 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cenepa, between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1600 m, 3 May 1958, C.H. Dodson 349

(SEL); between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2200 m, 2 Mar. 1982, C. Luer & A. Andreetta 7079 (SEL); east of

pass east of Loja, alt. 2150 m, 26 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10958 (MO).

Azuay: eastern slope of Azuay, cultivated by B. Malo in Tarqui, 26 Feb. 1982, C. Luer 7026 (SEL).

Apparently endemic on the eastern declivity of central Ecuador, this species is

similar vegetatively to numerous other pleurothallids: a small, caespitose plant with

narrowly elliptical, petiolate leaves. The weak, remotely flowered, arching to

pendent inflorescence bears a few to many, proportionately large, bilabiate, purple

flowers in slow succession. The inner margin of the apex of the petal is developed

into a tall, cockscomb-like lamella that covers the outer margin. The petals were

unique in the genus until the recent discovery of Stelis florianii Luer, a second

species with long-fimbriate margins of the petals. The lip is round with an erect,

bifid callus on the margin of the bar.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

253., 253a. Stelis depauperata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 16(124), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin depauperatus , “depauperate,” Lindley’s opinion of the plant.

Syn.: Stelis suaveolens F.Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 448, 1899.

Ety.: From the Latin suaveolens, “sweet-smelling,” referring to the fragrance of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis gracilispica C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 17, 1951.

Ety.: From the Latin gracilispicus , “with slender spike,” referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis graminosa Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 31, 2007.fig.253.

Ety.: From the Latin graminosus , “grassy,” referring to the habit.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 3-10 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute

to subacute, 4-9 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 0.7-1.0 cm wide, narrowly cu-

neate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, congested, secund, nearly simultaneously many-

flowered racemes, 10-20 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, with a spathe 7-12 mm long, at an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long;

ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals light green to light yellow-green, glabrous to minutely pubescent, the dorsal

sepal free except for 0.5 mm at the base, erect, ovate, narrowly obtuse, 3-3.5 mm long, 1.3-2.2 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals connate to the apex into a concave, ovoid, synsepal, with the sides somewhat

recurved, rounded at the apex, 2.6-2.8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 2.3-4 mm wide expanded, 6-veined;

petals light green, transversely obovate-ovate, 0.6-0.75 mm long, 0.75-0.8 mm wide, 3-veined, concave

below the broadly rounded, thickened, margin; lip light green, thick, subquadrate, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm

wide, 0.3 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with the apex obtuse or rounded with a thickened

margin, the bar minutely cleft on the margin with a narrow glenion, the dorsum with a central, pubescent,

rounded callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 0.6 mm

wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: without collection data, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. depauperata : K).

Carchi: pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro,

A. & X. Hirtz 15085 (MO); below Maldonado toward Chical, alt. 1500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. & P. Jesup 16027 (Holotype of S. graminosa : MO).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4221 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: near Chiguinda and Granadillas, alt. 1600-2000 m, F.C. Lehmann 6565 (holotype of

S. suaveolens destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: K, lectotype: AMES).

Napo: new road to Coca north of Archidona, alt. 1200 m, 13 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 11223, 11230 (MO).

Loja: above Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 10870, 10878 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1050 m, 19 Feb. 1986, C. Luer. J.

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11924 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt.

1550 m, 18 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13445 (MO).

PERU: Huanuco: Carpish between Huanuco and Tingo Maria, alt. 2500-2900 m, 2 Mar. 1947, Ramon

Ferreyra 1748 (holotype of S. graciliscapa : AMES; isotype: CUZ).

Stelis depauperata , found occasionally from northernmost Ecuador to central

Peru, was described by Lindley from a collection by Jameson, but without data.

Most likely it was found in the area around Quito where Jameson was living. Later

collections were described, one being illustrated and described as Stelis graminosa

Luer & Hirtz in leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 253.

This slender species is similar to the variable Stelis nutans Lindl. It is distin¬

guished from the latter by a usually smaller, more slender habit with very narrow

leaves and one or two slender, small-flowered racemes that exceed the leaf. The

sepals are usually less than three and a half millimeters long. The lateral sepals are

connate into a concave synsepal; the petals and lip are thin, transverse and three-

veined; and the lip is subquadrate with a small glenion and a single callus on the

dorsum.

Only a bud was available for examination on Lindley’s type-specimen. In his

description, he states that that the pubescence is remarkable, but it is remarkable in

the bud by a total absence. It was not illustrated by Elmer Smith (Garay, 1980).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

314. Stelis dialissa Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 71, 1855.

Ety.: Named for the unispecific genus Dialissa , from Dialis , pertaining to Dis (Dieus, Jupiter).

Bas.: Dialissa pulchella Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 107, 1845, not Stelis pulchella Kunth.,

Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 364, 1816.

Ety.: From the Latin pulchellus , “beautiful,” referring to the plant.

Syn.: Pleurothallispristis Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 443, 1899.

Ety.: From the Greek pristis, “a sawfish,” referring to the appearance of the inflorescence.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, scandent, long-repent, the rhizome 2.5-7 cm long between

ramicauls, with 2 tubular sheaths; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender, 4-7 cm long, enclosed by

2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, petiolate, acute, 5-9 cm long includ¬

ing the petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence

an erect, subdense, distichous, many-flowered raceme with several to many flowers open simultaneously,

15-35 cm long including the peduncle 8-15 cm long, borne laterally below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts acute, acuminate, 5-7 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals gla¬

brous, purple externally, dull gray-purple within, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, convex, 4.5-5 mm long,

3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1.5-2 mm to the synsepal, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate,

concave, bifid synsepal, with obtuse, recurved apices, 3.5-4 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide unexpanded,

connate 3 mm, 6-veined; petals yellow, edged in purple, broadly obovate, obtuse, 2 mm long, 1.75-2 mm

wide, 3-veined, the apex slightly thickened, shallowly concave; lip orange, ovate, obtuse, 1.6 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, 1 mm deep, concave anteriorly before bar, the bar prominent to either side of an obtuse,

central cleft, the dorsum with a low, rounded, cellular-pubescent callus toward the base, the base trun¬

cate, hinged to the tip of a short, thick column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across the

stigmatic lobes, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Paramo de Guanacas above Popayan, alt. 10,500 ft., T. Hartweg 1413 (Holotype

of Dialissa pulchella : W; Isotypes: BM, BR, G, K, LD, LE); same area, H. Karsten s.n. (W); same area,

F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W); same area, alt. 2900-3800 m, Jan. 1886, F.C. Lehmann 6032 (holotype of P.

pristis Lehm. & Kraenzl. destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES); above Pitayd, alt. 3000 m,

29 Oct. 1882, F.C. Lehmann (G); Paramo de Las Papas, laguna de Cusiyaco, alt. 3375 m, 13 Oct. 1958,

H.G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 6068 (AMES, COL).

Tolima: Mariquita, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., Jan. 1843, J. Linden 1275 (G, W).

Narino: between Ipiales and La Victoria, alt. 3300 m, 4 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4638

(SEL).

Putumayo: Paramo de San Antonio del Bordoncillo, alt. 3250 m, 4 Jan. 1941, J. Cuatrecasas (AMES,

COL); Valle de Sibundoy, alt. 2800 m, 30 June 1953, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 20084 (AMES, COL).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 11083 (MO); El Mirador, alt. 3300 m, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, J. del Hierro &

F. Sarmiento 4948 (MO).

Pichincha: Andes of Quito, alt. 12,000 ft., W. Jameson 24 (K).

Sucumbios: Cerro Mirador, southeast of El Playon de San Francisco, alt. 3300 m, 28 Dec. 1980, L.

Holm-Nielsen, J. Jaramillo & F. Coello 29843 (AAU, QCA).

Morona-Santiago: southeast of Sigsig toward Chiguinda, alt. 2500 m, 5 Feb. 1988, U. Molau, B. Erik-

sen & M. Fredrikson 2968 (GB).

Lindley described a Colombian collection by Hartweg in 1845 in a unispecific

genus as Dialissa pulchella. Ten years later, Reichenbach (1855) moved it to Stelis

as Stelis dialissa , the specific name pulchella having been applied to an unrelated

species, S. pulchella by Kunth.

This species is one of the few pleurothallids that can be recognized dead or

alive. It is a large species with a scandent, prolific habit and acute, petiolate leaves.

The distinctive, long, many-flowered racemes with two opposing rows of long,

pointed, floral bracts reminded Kranzlin of a sawfish, hence Pleurothallis pristis

Lehm. & Kraenzl.

The unexpanded sepals are obtuse and connate below the middle. The petals are

simple and broadly obovate. The type-B lip is concave behind a subacute apex and

before a bilobed bar.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

315., 315a. Stelis elongata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 363, 1816.

Ety.: From the Latin elongatus, “elongated,” referring to the habit,

Syn.: Stelis lobata Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 241,1855.

Ety.: From the Latin lobatus , “lobed,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis melicoides Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 66, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek melicoides , “bee-like,” referring to the fancied appearance of the flowers.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, scandent, long-repent, the rhizome stout, suberect, 0.5-2

cm long between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender, 1-8 cm long, enclosed by a

tubular sheath from near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

elliptical, petiolate, with the apex subacute to acute, 2.5-9 cm long including the petiole 1-1.5 cm long,

0.7-1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, secund,

simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 4-20 cm long including the peduncle 1-5 cm long, from an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3.5 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm

long; ovary curved, 1-1.5 mm long; flowers nutant; sepals light rose to purple, glabrous externally, cellu¬

lar-papular within, the dorsal sepal erect, oblong, obtuse, lightly convex, 3-3.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide,

3-veined, connate basally to the synsepal, the lateral sepals ovate, acute, 2.5-2.75 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate basally, but held forward; petals yellow-green, transversely ovate, 0.6 mm long,

0.8 mm wide, shallowly concave below the broadly obtuse, thickened margin; lip yellow-green thick,

trilobed, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide across the basal lobes, the apical lobe narrowly triangular, acute, the

basal lobes expanded, ovate, antrorse, subacute, the base hinged to the tip of the column; column stout,

0.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

Selected representative collections:

COLOMBIA: Cauca: near Popayan, Rio Blanco Almaguer, alt. 480 hex., Nov. 1801, A. Humboldt & A.

Bonpland s.n. (Holotype of S. elongata : P; photo at AMES); Volcdn de Purace, Paramo de San Rafael,

alt. ca. 10,000 ft., 23 July 1960, LA. Garay 13 (AMES).

Narino: woods near Pasto, Sept. 1845, W. Jameson 481 (holotype of S. lobata Rchb.f.: W; isotypes; BM,

BR, G, LE); Lagua La Cocha, alt. not recorded, 25 July, 1960, L.A. Garay 38 (AMES).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3200 m, 17 May 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S.

Jeppesen, B. Lpjtnant & B. 0lgaard 5620 (AAU, AMES).Sucumbios: Cartagena, between El Carmelo

and La Bonita, alt. 2800 m, 8 Apr. 1979, B. L0jtnant, U. Molau & M. Madison 12024, 12026 (AAU,

GB); south of Santa Barbara, alt. 2700 m, 6 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & X. Hirtz 11099 (MO).

Imbabura: between Otavalo and Apuela, alt. 2500 m, 8 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3911

(SEL); between Cotacachi and Apuela, alt. 2800 m, 22 Jan. 1988, U. Molau, B. Eriksen & M. Fredrick¬

son 2651 (GB); Mariano Acosta, alt. 3300 m, 1 May 2001, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 7740 (MO).

Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, (R.104), W. Jameson s.n. (K); Valley of Lloa, alt. 8,000 ft., 21 Jan. 1856, W.

Jameson 472 (AMES, G); west side of Pichincha, alt. 6,000 ft, 1857, W. Jameson s.n. (K); forest of

Auca, road to Nanegal, alt. 6,000 ft., W. Jameson R.105 (K); near Nono, alt. 2700 m, 16 Apr. 1956, E.

Asplund 20291 (AMES, S); rocky cliffs between Quito and Chiriboga, alt. 2400-2800 m, 14 Mar. 1963,

C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 2392 (MO, SEL); new road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 2000 m,

2 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2428, 2431 (SEL).

Cotopaxi: between Latacunga and Quevedo, above Pilalo, alt. 2700 m, 28 May 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. &

U. Molau 13913 (AAU, GB).

Napo: slopes of Guagra Urcu, above Rio Bretania, alt. 2000 m, 22 Sept. 1980, L. Holm-Nielsen, J.

Jaramillo, F. Coello & E. Azanza 26832 (AAU, QCA); above Papallacta, alt. 2770 m, 15 May 1981, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6235 (SEL).

Bolivar: Hda. Talahua, alt. 2700 m, 7 May 1939, C.W. Penland & R.H. Summers 670 (AMES, COCO);

at the pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer

9715 (MO).

Azuay: Rio Collay, south of El Pan, alt. 2650-3290 m, 6 July 1943, J.A. Steyermark 53367 (AMES).

Loja: army road to TV tower east of Yangana, alt. 2850 m, 4 Mar. 1982, C. Luer et al. 7155 (SEL); San

Pedro de Vilcabamba, alt. 2400 m, 23 Apr. 1986, D. D’Alessandro 630 (MO); above Valladolid, alt.

2600 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 10914 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Quebrada Honda south of Yangana, alt. 2100 m, 27 Mar. 1986, D. D Alessandro &

H. Mendoza 555, 567 (MO).

PERU: Cajamarca: Chugur, northwest of Hualgayoc, alt. 1700-2900 m, Mar. 1904, A. Weberbauer

4076 (holotype of S. melicoides: destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: A. Weberbauer 7571 ,

AMES).

Ayacucho: Huanta, Choimacota Valley, alt, 2900-3000 m, 28 Feb. 1926, A. Weberbauer 7571 (AMES).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: road from Cochabamba to Villa Tunari, alt. 2840 m, 13 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J.

Luer & R. Vdsquez 5611 (SEL).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This slender, long-scandent species is variable, relatively frequent and widely

distributed in the Andes from Colombia into central Bolivia. It is characterized by a

stout, suberect or creeping rhizome and ascending ramicauls about as long as the

long, slender leaves that are surpassed by a slender, many-flowered raceme. The

erect dorsal sepal of the nodding flowers is longer than the lateral sepals that are

held forward. The petals are flabellate and thickened; the lip is one millimeter long

and three lobed; the lateral lobes are basal while the anterior lobe is narrowly tri¬

angular.

316. Stelis flacca Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 240, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin flaccus, “limp or withered,’’ for some character Reichenbach saw in the plant.

Syn.: Stelis alismifolia Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 16(128), 1858.

Ety.: Named for the vegetative similarity to Alisma plantago L., a member of the Alismaceae,

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose-ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, very

slender, 5-8 cm long, enclosed by a narrow, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, long-petiolate, 6-8.5 cm long including the

petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, 0.8-1.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-4 erect, laxly

to subdensely several-flowered racemes with most flowers open simultaneously, 5-16 cm long including

the peduncle 2-4 cm long, subtended by a spathe 5-6 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm

long; flowers bilabiate; sepals minutely pubescent within, the dorsal sepal dark purple, erect, ovate,

obtuse, 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5-veined, connate to the synsepal for 1-1.5 mm, the lateral sepals yellow

white, connate into a broadly ovate, deeply concave synsepal, 4 mm long, 5.5 mm wide unexpanded, 8-

veined; petals purple, transversely ovate, 1 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, concave below the broadly rounded

apex with the margin broad and thickened, the base concave below a transverse callus; lip purple, thick,

subquadrate, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the apex thick, broadly rounded, shallowly

concave anteriorly, the bar tall and erect, rounded with a shallow glenion, the posterior surface (the

“dorsum”) with a low, central, conical callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column elongate, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the

stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: western side of Pichincha, June 1848, W. Jameson 735 (Holotype of S. flacca:

K; Isotypes: BM, BR, G, LE, W); western side of Pichincha, W. Jameson R.89 (holotype of S. alismaefo-

lia : K, isotype: W); without locality, 1855, J.P. Couthouy s.n. (AMES); between Tandayapa and Mindo,

alt. 2100 m, 13 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstrom 7313 (SEL); between Calacalf and Mindo,

alt. 2000 m, 9 Mar. 2001, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 19872 (MO).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1730 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6072 (SEL).

This species is apparently endemic and uncommon on the western slopes of

northwestern Ecuador. It is characterized by a slender, densely caespitose habit that

forms an ascending fascicle of ramicauls. The one to four racemes bear the flowers

beyond narrowly elliptical, acute leaves. The dorsal sepal is dark purple while the

deeply concave, transverse synsepal is yellow. The petals are proportionately large.

The bar of the lip stands erect above the broadly thickened, rounded apex. On the

front surface is a shallow glenion. On the back surface (dorsum) there is a low,

conical callus.

127. Stelis frontinoensis O.Duque, Orquideologia 22(3): 347, 1977.

Ety.: Named for the community of Frontino in Antioquia, Colombia, mear where the species was

collected.

Syn.: Stelis venusta Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 132, 2004.

Ety.: From the Latin venustus, “beautiful, elegant,” referring to the display of fine flowers.

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Frontino, collected by Francisco Villegas, alt. 2200 m, flowered in cultivation

13 Dec. 1995, O. Duque 1891 (Holotype of S. frontinoenis: JAUM).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: along new road between Macas and Guamote, alt. 2300 m, 2 Mar.

2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19615 (holotype of S. venusta Luer & Hirtz: MO).

Loja: between Yangana and Valladolid, J.E. Madsen 85670 (AAU, SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacidn Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2180 m, 8 Mar.

2005, F. Werner 1493 (LOJA, MO).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

This elegant species was first described as Stelis frontinoensis by Oscar Duque

from a collection by Francisco Villegas from the Western Cordillera of Colombia,

and was later described in leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 127, as S. venusta

Luer & Hirtz, from southeasternmost Ecuador.

The flowers are relatively large with a broadly ovate synsepal that is shallowly

concave centrally with margins of both sides recurved. The petals are large with the

flat margins sharply defined. The dorsum of the lip is acutely deflexed so that the

bar is thin between the dorsum and anterior surface, creating a narrowly triangular

profile.

317. Stelis gastrodes Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek gastrodes, "potbellied," referring to the synsepal.

Species haec S. coeliacae Luer & Hirtz. affinis, sed floribus minoribus, sepalo dorsali trinervato, et

labello tricalloso differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 6-7 cm

long, enclosed by a tubular sheath on the middle third, and 2-3 below at the base. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 6-7 cm long including a petiole ca. 1 cm long,

the blade 1-1.5 cm wide dry, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-3 erect, lax, subdistichous,

simultaneously several-flowered racemes, 15-18 cm long including the peduncle 5-6 cm long, with a

spathe ca. 1 cm long; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, 3 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary

2 mm long; sepals olive-rose, glabrous, the dorsal sepal slightly reflexed from the base, broadly ovate

with recurved sides, obtuse, 4 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally to the synsepal for 1

mm, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovoid, concave synsepal, 3 mm long, 4 mm wide unex¬

panded, 6-veined, with a 3 mm deep mentum; petals yellow, transversely ovate, shallowly concave, with

the apex broadly rounded, thickened, 1.2 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3-veined; lip yellow, thickly subovoid,

1 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, concave anteriorly with the rounded apex thickened, the bar with

protruding edges on either side of a shallow, central sulcus, the dorsum with three, confluent calli, the

base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm long and wide, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical, the foot obsolescent.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Guarumales, alt. 1500 m, collected by Ecuagenera and flowered in

cultivation by Ecuagenera, 2 Feb. 2002, A. Hirtz 8035 (Holotype of S. gastrodes : MO), C. Luer illustr.

20833.

This species from an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level is known from only

the one plant cultivated by Ecuagenera. Stelis gastrodes is similar to Stelis coeliaca

Luer & Hirtz, which is found at altitudes over 2000 meters above sea level. In

habit, the two species are similar, but the flowers of S. gastrodes are only half the

size of those of S cajanumae with the dorsal sepal three-veined instead of with five

or five branching veins. The synsepal is similarly abruptly concave below the

central apparatus, but the cavity is proportionately deeper, which is prominent in the

lateral view.

318. Stelis globiflora Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg. 1: 19, 1878.

Ety.: From the Latin globiflorus, "with spherical flowers," referring to the raceme.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 8-10 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-25 mm

long including a petiole 8-10 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

flexible, subflexuous, lax, several-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, 4-6.5 cm

long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

infundibular, acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; flowers bilabiate, sensitive;

sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal purple, erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate 1 mm to the synsepal, the lateral sepals light yellow, lightly suffused with purple, connate into a

broadly ovoid, deeply concave synsepal, 3.5 mm long, 5.25 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined; petals

purple, broadly ovate-triangular, rounded at the apex, 1.75 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, slightly

thickened across the middle and at the apex; lip purple, shallowly suborbicular, 0.4 mm long, 1 mm

wide, 0.5 mm deep, very shallowly concave anteriorly with the apex broadly rounded, the dorsum nar¬

row, deflexed, with a round callus, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm

wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: without locality, alt. 5,000 ft., Mar. 1877, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (Holotype of S. globiflora: W).

Pastaza: north of Mera, alt. 1350 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11194 (MO);

Mera, alt. 1270 m, 13 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & C. Dodson 2023 (MO).

Napo: near new road south of Baeza, alt. 1000-1500 m, 10-11 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A.

Andreetta 3212, 3272 (SEL); new road to Coca north of Archidona, alt. 1200 m, 13 Apr. 1985, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11219 (MO); same area, alt. 1000 m, 17 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrom & L.

Arnby 1358 (MO); above Loreto, alt. 900 m, 11 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, Mary & H. Evans 6660

(MO).

Tungurahua: near Banos, alt. 2700 m, 10 July 1967, C.H. Dodson, N.H. Williams & R. Adams 3758

(SEL); Topo, orange trees along the river, alt. 1400 m, 11 Aug. 1978, C.H. Dodson, T. Dodson, A.

Embree & R. Perry 7256 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: Rio Paute near Guarumales, alt. 2000 m, 20 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz 7003 (MO); Guar-

umales, Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, H. Zelenko & R. Zloch 7716 (MO).

This little species was first collected by Consul Lehmann in Ecuador without a

stated locality. It is characterized by a loose, several-flowered raceme of flowers

with a bowl-shaped synsepal below an erect, three-veined dorsal sepal. The propor¬

tionately large petals are protuberant and subtriangular with a thin, expanded apical

margin. The lip is small, rounded and flat. In hydrated flowers, the lip splits easily

into two laminae. The dorsal layer is not a callus as thought by Garay.

319. Stelis glomerosa Luer, Selbyana 5(2): 191, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin glomerosus, “round like a ball,” referring to the spherical flowers.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, scandent, long-prolific, to 1 meter in length; roots slender,

Ramicauls ascending, erect, slender, 3-6.5 cm long, enclosed below the middle by a tubular sheath, each

ramicaul proliferating the next ramicaul. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 4-6.5 cm long includ¬

ing the petiole 1 cm long, 0.8-1.4 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a pendent,

flexible, flexuous, lax, distichous, many-flowered, successively flowered raceme with a few flowers

open simultaneously, 15 or more cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, subtended by a spathe

ca. 5 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts inflated, oblique, acute, 3-5

mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers non-resupinate; sepals membranous, gla¬

brous, white, veined and slightly suffused with purple, inflated, deeply connate into a spherical sepaline

tube, the dorsal sepal elliptical, concave, 8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide unexpanded, 5-veined, connate 6 mm

to the synsepal, with the apex sharply obtuse and recurved, the lateral sepals connate to near the tips into

a deeply concave synsepal, 7.5 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, unexpanded, with the apex obtuse, minutely

bifid; petals subquadrate, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, with the apex truncate, abruptly apiculate;

lip purple, thick, subpyramidal, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1 mm deep, deeply concave above a transverse

callus near the middle with the apex with a narrowly acute apiculum, the dorsum shallowly concave and

minutely lobular, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm

long, 1.25 mm wide, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma with diverging, winglike lobes, the foot

short, thick.

ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: between Angamarca and Corazon, alt. 2000 m, 17 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 3993 (Holotype of S. glomerosa: SEL).

This rare species from west central Ecuador is characterized by a long chain of

superposed ramicauls, each about as long as the elliptical leaf it bears. The inflor¬

escence is a flaccid, flexuous raceme that bears in succession a few spherical, non-

resupinate flowers. The deeply connate, inflated sepals part only slightly at the

apex, like the mouth of a puffer fish. Hidden from view within are the apiculate

petals and a concave, acuminate lip.

320. Stelis glossula Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1373, 1870.

Ety.: From the Greek glossula , “a little tongue,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis inaequalis Ames, Sched. Orchid. 4: 12, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin inaequalis, “unequal,” referring to the difference is size of the dorsal sepal and

synsepal.

Syn.: Apatostelis glossula (Rchb.f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 188, 1979.

Syn.: Apatostelis inaequalis (Ames) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 189, 1979.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-5 mm long,

completely enclosed by a longer, loose, ribbed, tubular sheath. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly

elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 20-35 mm long including an indistinct petiole, 5-8 mm wide, narrowly cuneate

below to the base. Inflorescence a suberect to horizontal, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme,

with the flowers borne transversely in 2 opposite ranks, to 2 cm long and a slender peduncle 8-11 cm

long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, obtuse, 0.6-1 mm long;

pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5-1 mm long; sepals expanded, dark brown or dark orange, minutely

pubescent, the dorsal sepal elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined connate

basally, the lateral sepals broadly ovate to suborbicular, obtuse, connate to near the middle or above into

a transverse, bifid lamina, each 1-1.2 mm long, 1.2-1.6 mm wide; petals brown, transversely ovate,

concave, thickened along the broadly obtuse apex, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip brown,

ovoid-subquadrate, 0.25-0.5 mm long, 0.25-0.5 mm wide, 0.25-0.5 mm deep, the anterior surface with a

deeply concave glenion above the thickened margin with a minute apiculum, the dorsum channeled from

the glenion, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.5

mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the small, bilobed stigma apical.

COSTA RICA: without locality, imported ca. 1867, flowered in cultivation by Messrs Veitch 1870, A.R.

Endres s.n. (Holotype of S. glossula: W); Buenos Aires de Terraba, flowered in cultivation in Cartago,

May 1934, by C.H. Lankester 1373 (AMES).

Puntarenas: Osa El Campo, Quebrada Banegas, alt. 350 m, 13 Jan. 1991, G. Herrera 4813 (CR, MO).

NICARAGUA: Zelaya: area of Rio Rama and Cerro Medina, Proctor, Jones & Facay 27412 (F); Mina

Nueva America, Pipoly 5287 (MO); between Suina and Rosita, alt. 450 m, A. H. Heller 4636 (SEL).

HONDURAS: Atlantida: Nova Tela, Jilamo Arriba, 21 Mar. 1923, O. Ames II. 243 (holotype of S.

inaequalis : AMES).

PANAMA: Chiriquf: without locality, collected by H. Butcher, Feb. 1984, C. Luer 9505 (MO).

Panama: near San Juan in the foothills of the upper reaches of the Chagras River, sea level, C.W. Powell

272 (holotype of S. inaequalis : AMES: isotype: MO).

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: between San Lorenzo and Lita, alt. 60 m, 25 Jan. 1996, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J .

del Hierro 6265 (MO); near San Lorenzo, alt. 100 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, 7 Mar. 2001, C. Luer

19833 (MO).

This small species is rare but widely distributed in Central America to coastal

northern Ecuador. The plant is densely caespitose with thickly coriaceous leaves

with abbreviated ramicauls completely enclosed by a loose sheath. The slender

inflorescence far exceeds the leaves. In a congested raceme much shorter than the

peduncle, the tiny flowers are borne transversely and over-lapping in two opposite

ranks. The oblong dorsal sepal is twice as long as the transversely obovate synse-

pal. The flabellate, single-veined petals are not remarkable except that their width

is thrice the length or width of the lip. The nearly microscopic lip is thickly sub¬

quadrate with a concave glenion on the anterior face above the thickened, minutely

apiculate margin. The stigmatic lobes of the column are small and inconspicuous

behind the anther cap.

321., 321a. Stelis guatemalensis Schltr., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 541, 1899.

Ety.: Named for Guatemala, the country where the species was first identified.

Syn.: Stelispatula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 359, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin patulus , “spreading,” referring to the sepals.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-15

cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath above the middle, and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, petiolate, acute to subacute, 9-11 cm long including the petiole 1.5 cm

long, the blade 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-3 erect, distichous, dense¬

ly many-flowered racemes with most flowers open simultaneously, 15-24 cm long including the pedun¬

cle 3-6 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 1.5 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts thin, tubular, 3 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers bilabiate; sepals

glabrous, the dorsal sepal brown, erect, thick, convex, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 3.6 mm

wide, incompletely 3-veined, connate to the synsepal for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals light brown, connate

into a broadly ovate, deeply concave synsepal, 3.4 mm long, 4 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined; petals

purple, transversely triangular, shallowly concave, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm wide,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

3-veined; lip purple, thick, subquadrate, 0.6 mm long, 1 mm long with tip, 1 mm wide, 0.6 mm deep, the

apex triangular, concave, acute, with an apiculum 0.3 mm long, the bar with a glenion, the dorsum with a

low, pubescent callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.8 mm long, 1

mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

Selected representative collections:

GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: Yalambohoch, 22 Aug. 1896, Seler 2316 (Holotype destroyed at B;

Neotype of S. guatemalensis here designated: AMES ill. 23720 of the holotype); Cerro Negro, Sierra de

los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1600-2000 m, 31 Aug. 1942, J.A. Steyermark 51705 (AMES). Alta Verapaz:

Trece Aguas near Senahu, 25 May 1905, H. Pittier 351 (AMES); Pansamala, near Coban, alt. 1350-1400

m, Aug. 1885, H. von Tiirckheim 698 (holotype of S. patula presumably destroyed at B; lectotype here

designated: AMES 72169; lectotypes: BR, US); near Pansamala, H. von Tiirckheim 11-1478 (B?); Coban,

alt. 1350 m, Aug. 1907, H. von Tiirckheim 11-1916 (AMES, BR); vicinity of Coban, alt. 3000 ft., 1 Aug.

1920, H. Johnson 553 (AMES).

MEXICO: Chiapas: Lake Montebello east of Comitan, alt. 1350 m, July 1936, O. Nagel 5462, 5482

(AMES, MO); Ocosingo, Laguna Ocotalito, alt. 950 m, 23 Apr. 1987, G. Salazar et al. 3078 (AMO).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: La Estrella, 24 July 1925, C.H. Lankester 1014, 1029 (AMES).

COLOMBIA: Narino: northeast of Pasto, alt. 2600 m, 11 Jan. 1981, A. Gentry et al 30461 (MO).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3000 m, 2-4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom

& T. Hoijer 9950, 9954 (MO).

Sucumbios: road cut southeast of El Carmelo, alt. 2700 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer et al. 6282 (SEL);

between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 7 July 1990, C.H. Dodson, E. Hagsater, D. Rubio & N.

Rivera 18412 (MO).

Napo: between Papallacta and Baeza, alt. 2800 m, 5 June 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6851 (AAU, AMES, SEL); new road east of Salcedo, Rio Anatenario, alt. 2800

m, 27 May 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & U. Molau 13817 (GB); terrestrial on road cut below Papallacta, alt.

2700 m, 15 May 1981, C. Luer et al. 6243 (SEL);

Tungurahua: Valle de Chaupe above Banos, alt. 2200 m, 24 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm

369 (SEL); Llanganates, Leito, alt. 3100 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11134,

11146 (MO).

Chimborazo: below Pallatanga, alt. 2250 m, 19 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10656

(MO).

Morona-Santiago: terrestrial on a road cut east of Sigsig, alt. 3100 m, 15 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz,

W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13338 (K, MO).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: road to Villa Tunari, alt. 1900 m, collected Nov. 1978, flowered in cultivation

8 May 1979, C. Luer 4062 (SEL).

This species was described by Schlechter twice, 13 years apart, from two collec¬

tions from Guatemala. It is very similar to Stelis pardipes Rchb.f., differing mostly

in the apices of the petals and lip. It could be merely a variation of the common S.

pardipes. Both concepts are tall and slender, with a long, subdensely many-flow¬

ered raceme of small, nutant flowers. The lateral sepals are connate to about the

middle, but adherent to their apices into a deeply concave synsepal. The petals are

broadly triangular with the thickened apices obtuse, and often contracted into a

short, pointed apex, shorter than the long-pointed process of S. pardipes. The lip is

subquadrate with the apex triangular and acute. The apex of the lip of S. pardipes is

abruptly long-triangular, longer than the body of the lip.

Stelis guatemalensis is common and widely distributed in Central America and

the Andes as far south as central Bolivia. It is distinguished from S. pardipes by its

deeply concave synsepal without recurving margins; broadly obtuse, very shortly

acuminate petals; and a lip with a subquadrate body and an apiculum only half or

less as long as that of S. pardipes.

322. Stelis jatunyacuensis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for the area around Rio Jatunyacu where the species was collected.

Species haec Stelidis patenti Luer & Hirtz affinis, sed racemo flexuoso folio breviore, sepalis camo-

sis brevioribus et petalis proportione minoribus differt.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-9 mm long,

enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 15-22 mm long including a

petiole 2-3 mm long, the blade 6-8 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, lax,

flexuous, nearly simultaneous, few-flowered raceme, 20-25 mm long including the peduncle 10-12 mm

long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; flowers gaping, dark red, sepals glabrous, fleshy, the dorsal sepal erect, broadly ovate,

obtuse, 4 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 5-veined, connate basally to the synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals

obliquely ovate, acute, connate below the middle into an ovoid, bifid, concave synsepal, each 3.5 mm

long, 2.75 mm wide, 4-veined; petals transversely ovate-triangular, shallowly concave within the broad¬

ly thickened apex and below a transverse callus, 0.8 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thickly sub-

triangular, shallowly concave and broadly rounded at the apex with a broad, thickened margin, 0.5 mm

long, 1 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the bar shallowly notched with a glenion, the dorsum with an orbicular,

densely pubescent, central callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5

mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

Napo: along Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Aug. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5374 (Holo-

type of S. jatunyacuensis : MO), C. Luer 20958.

This very small species, known only from the original collection, is most similar

to Stelis patens Luer & Hirtz. Two to five flowers are borne in a loose, flexuous

raceme that nearly equals the leaf in length. The small, dark red flowers are fleshy.

The erect dorsal sepal is broadly ovate and five-veined, the petals have a broadly

thickened margin and are three-veined; and the lip is shallowly concave anteriorly

with the obtuse margin broadly thickened, and with a densely pubescent, orbicular

callus on the dorsum.

323., 323a., 323b. Stelis langlassei Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7:

89, 1920.

Ety.: Named for Eugene Langlasse who collected this species.

Stelis tonsoria Luer, Phytologia 49: 239, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin tonsorius, “pertaining to barbering,” in allusion to the red-striped sepals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-8 cm

long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and another sheath at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-11 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2 cm

long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous or

secund, many-flowered raceme with about half the flowers open simultaneously, 5-11 cm long including

the peduncle 1-2 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul with a spathe 5-12 mm long;

floral bracts infundibular, oblique, 3-6 mm long, engulfing the base of the flower; pedicels 1-2 mm long;

ovary 1.5 mm long; flowers bilabiate; sepals glabrous, dull white suffused with purple, usually along the

veins, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, obtuse, 10 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 5-veined, connate 2.5 mm to the

synsepal, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, deeply concave synsepal, 6 mm long, 8 mm

wide expanded, 6-veined; petals white, thick, triangular, with the apex “V-shaped,” with the margin

broad, with a small, slender apiculum, 1.2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, concave at the base; lip white, thick,

subquadrate, long-apiculate, 1-1.2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the apex abruptly contracted

into a subulate apiculum 0.8 mm long, the disc broad with a low, lobed callus, with a shallow cavity on

the anterior surface at the base of the apiculum, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 0.8 mm long, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Cordillera Occidental, alt 1200 m, 8 Dec. 1899, E. Langlasse 101 (Holotype of S.

langlassei destroyed at B; Lectotype: K; Isotypes: AMES, G).

Narino: forest above Ricaurte, alt. ca. 1600 m, 3 Nov. 1979, C. Luer. J. Luer, K. Walter & A. Hirtz 4579

(holotype of S. tonsoria : SEL).

ECUADOR: Carchi: near Maldonado, collected by Bill Cullina, cultivated by R Jesup in Bristol, CT, 30

May 1997, C. Luer 18491 (MO).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, collected July 1991, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, 29 Nov. 1991, FL Stevenson

91-1031-1 (MO); Los Cedros Reserve, wet forested ridge, alt. 1700 m, 21 Jan. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T.

Hoijer & H. Wanntorp 1711 (MO).

Pichincha: road to Malatos between Chiriboga and Santo Domingo, alt. 1300 m, Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz

3962 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 19476; km. 85 between Santo Domingo and Chiriboga, alt. 1200 m, 16 Feb.

1991, C.H. Dodson, M. Whitten & A. Embree 18663 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species, known from southernmost Colombia and northern Ecuador, is

characterized by a densely caespitose habit; a short, congested, several-flowered

raceme; long, dull white sepals with recurved sides, suffused with purple or

sometimes with purple stripes; and M V-shaped M petals with broadly thickened

margins with an apiculum. The long-apiculate lip is similar to that of Stelis bicornis

Lindl.

324. Stelis maxima Lindl, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 106, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin maximus, "very large," referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Steliopsis anneliesae Brieger, Orchideen 8(29-32): 457, 1976, nom inval.

Ety.: Named for Anne Liesa, wife of Friedrich Gustav Brieger (1900-1985).

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose to scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, prolific, up to

15 cm long below, and 4 cm long above, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

elliptical, acute to subacute, 6-11 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1-1.5 cm long.

Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simulta¬

neously, 15-27 cm long including the peduncle 10-11 cm long, subtended by a spathe 2-3 cm long, from

an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 10 mm long below, 5 mm long

above; pedicels 4-5 mm long; ovary 3-5 mm long; flowers bilabiate, purple; sepals glabrous, the dorsal

sepal erect, ovate, subacute, 14 mm long, 10 mm wide, 11-veined, connate basally to the synsepal, the

lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, shallowly concave synsepal, 12 mm long, 14 mm wide, 15-

veined; petals purple, transversely obovate, 2 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, the apex rounded, broadly thick¬

ened, concave basally below a transverse callus; lip purple, subquadrate, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1.2 mm

deep, concave above the broadly rounded, thick apical margin, the bar with a narrow glenion, the dorsum

filled with an obscurely trilobed, microscopically pubescent callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base

of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1.2 mm deep, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: at the foot of Mt. Tungurahua, alt. 11,000 ft., T. Hartweg 1407 (Holotype of

S. maxima : K; Isotypes: G, LD, LE, W); Tungurahua, alt. 7,500 ft., May, 1858, R. Spruce 5383 (BM, K,

W); slopes of Tungurahua above Banos, alt. 3000 m, 27 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom et al. 9756

(MO); Tungurahua, alt. 2700 m, 11 Nov. 1984, A. Hirtz 2094 (MO); Cordillera de los Llanganates, Leito,

alt. 2870 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11137 (MO).

Sucumbfos: scrub forest south of Santa Barbara, alt. 2700 m, 5 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T.

Hoijer 9967 (MO).

Carchi: north of El Playon, alt. 3100 m, 20 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15187 (MO).

Napo: between Cuyuja and Papallacta, alt. 2800-2900 m, 5 June 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen et al. 6856

(AAU, AMES).

Morona-Santiago: Rio Altarurco, east of Sigsig, alt. 2800 m, 13 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B.

Strom 8287 (GB).

Azuay: Rio Altarurcu, east of Sigsig, alt. 2800 m, 13 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strom 8287

(AAU, AMES).

This large species, found on the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador, is simi¬

lar to Stelis allenii L.O.Williams, of Panama and northwestern Ecuador. It was first

collected by Hartweg on Volcan Tungurahua a century and a half ago. It is differs

from S. allenii by commonly prolific ramicauls, a looser raceme with smaller bracts,

but with a larger spathe. The sepals are similarly multiveined; the dorsal sepal is

broadly ovate. The petals are as long as wide with a round, thick-margined apex.

The lip is concave above the rounded apex with a relatively thin margin. Stelis

allenii and S. maxima could be considered to be geographical variations of one

variable species.

325. Stelis mucronata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 18(132), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin mucronatus, "mucronate," referring to the tips of the leaves.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-scandent, vine-like; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender, prolif¬

ic, from 10 cm long below to 3 cm long above, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and

another sheath at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, petiolate, 4-8 cm long

including the petiole 0.5-1 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, distichous, densely many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 7-10 cm long

including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts ob-

STELIS OF ECUADOR

lique, 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; flowers resupinate, bilabiate, light green

to purple; sepals glabrous externally, microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate,

obtuse, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 0.25 mm basally to the synsepal, the lateral sepals

connate into a broadly or transversely ovate, concave synsepal, 2 mm long, 3 mm wide, 4-(6-)veined;

petals transversely obovate, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly obtuse, shortly

acuminate-acute, concave above the base, the base broadly truncate; lip thick, subquadrate, 0.4 mm long,

0.4 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, the apex triangular, acute, shallowly concave, the bar with a concave glen-

ion, the dorsum with an obscurely lobed, microscopically pubescent callus, the base truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: without locality, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. mucronata : K); without local¬

ity, 1855, J.P. Couthouy s.n. (AMES); terrestrial on road-cut between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. ca.

2000 m, 1 Mar. 1975, C. Luer & R. Kent 263 (SEL); between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt. 1800-2200 m,

7 Mar. 1982, A. Hirtz & X. Leon 211 (SEL); old road Quito to Santo Domingo, Rio Guajalito, alt. 1800-

2000 m, 10 Aug. 1985, J. Jaramillo & V. Zak 7982 (QCA); mining road above Toachi, alt. 2000 m, 17

Feb. 1982, A. Hirtz & X. Leon 101 (SEL); between Nono and Tandayapa, alt. 2600 m, 13 Mar. 1982, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstrom 7286 (SEL); between Calacali and La Liberia, alt. 2250 m, 7 Apr. 1984, C.

Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & A. Hirtz 10004 (MO).

Cotopaxi: between Quevedo and Latacunga, alt. 2300 m, 8 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 3207 (AAU, AMES).

Apparently endemic in western Ecuador, this species is related to the common

Stelis bicornis Lindl., but it is distinguished from the latter by a smaller habit and

smaller flowers with the broad tips of the petals and lip that are merely acuminate-

acute. The petals and lip of the latter are long-apiculate. Vegetatively, Stelis

mucronata is similar to S. biserrula Lindl. with smaller flowers, but unlike S. biser-

rula , the petals and lip are not long-apiculate.

Stelis dissimulans Luer & Dodson with similar habit and pointed petals and lip

differs in having nearly free, widely spread, ovate sepals as in section Stelis,

326. Stelis nana Lindl., Fol. Orchid. Stelis 16(122), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin nanus , “small,” referring to the habit.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by a

tubular sheath and another sheath below. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to acute, 5-7 cm

long including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade 1.5-1.7 cm wide in the dried state, cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme 3-6 cm long,

including the peduncle ca. 2 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

infundibular, inflated, obtuse, 3 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals glabrous,

membranous, the dorsal sepal thicker than the lateral sepals, convex, broadly elliptical, broadly obtuse or

rounded at the apex, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, 5-veined, connate basally to the synsepal for 1 mm, the

lateral sepals connate into an ovate, obtuse synsepal, but separated in the specimen, each ovate, oblique,

subacute, 3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals thickly fleshy, transversely semilunate, with the

apex broadly rounded, cellular, concave above the base, below a transverse callus, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm

wide, 3-veined; lip semilunate, broadly rounded at the apex, shallowly concave above the broad margin,

0.3 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the bar with a small glenion that is continuous with a rounded

callus on the dorsum, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 1

mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: without collection data, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. nana : K), C. Luer illustr. 19943.

Zamora-Chinchipe: above Valladolid on road to Yangana, alt. 2300 m, 1 Feb. 1985, G. Harling & L.

Andersson 21425 (GB).

This species is one of the few species of Stelis described by Lindley that had

eluded all collectors until a recent collection was made by Harling and Anderson in

southeastern Ecuador. The original locality was unknown. The Peruvian Stelis

tessmannii Mansf. might be synonymous.

Stelis nana is a small plant about 10 centimeters tall with a large-bracted, simul¬

taneously flowered raceme up to about as long as the leaf. The dorsal sepal is

broadly elliptical with five veins and lateral sepals are partially connate into a

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

concave synsepal. The petals are transverse and three-veined with a thickened

margin, and the lip is type-A.

A collection of an unidentified species of section Stelis was erroneously identi¬

fied from Peru by Bennett and Christenson as S. nana in Icon. Orchid. Peruv., t,

769,2001.

327., 327a. Stelis nutans Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 15(109), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin nutans , “nodding,” referring to the attitude of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis manabina Dodson & Garay, Ic. PL Trop. 327, 1980.

Ety.: Named for the province of Manabf where the species was collected.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 5-22 cm long, enclosed by a close, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 sheaths about the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 6-15 cm long including a petiole 2-3 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm

wide; Inflorcence 1-3 erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered racemes, with almost all flowers open

simultaneously, 8-17 cm long including the peduncle 1-2.5 cm long, from a spathe 5-15 mm long at an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, oblique, acute, 1-2 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5

mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow, green, to pale rose, microscopically pubescent, the dorsal

sepal ovate, obtuse, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally to the laterals for 0.5

mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate below the

middle, connivent above as an ovoid, bifid synsepal; petals green, yellow to purple, transversely obo-

vate, thickened above the middle and at the apex, broadly obtuse, 0.6-0.75 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 3-

veined; lip green to purple, thick, oblong-subquadrate, 0.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, the

apex broadly rounded, shallowly concave, the bar thick with a glenion, the dorsum with a 3-lobed callus,

the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide,

the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed, the foot obsolescent.

Selected representative collections:

ECUADOR: Pichincha: forest of Nanegal, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. nutans: K; Isotype: W));

Calacalf, alt. 1800 m, 28 Nov. 1880, F.C. Lemann 366 (W); old road between Quito and Santo Domingo,

alt. 1500 m, 14 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 635 (SEL); mining road above Minas Toachi,

alt. 2000 m, 27 Feb. 1982, A. Him & X. Leon 102 (SEL); near Chiriboga, alt. 2000 m, 7 Mar. 1982, C.

Luer & A. Hirtz 7229 (SEL); below Tandapi, alt. 1180 m. 31 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

12557 (MO); Los Bancos, alt. 1650 m, 25 Feb. 2001, S. Dalstrom & L. Jost s.n. (MO).

Carchi: between Maldonado and Chical, alt. 1500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup

16019 (MO).

Sucumbfos: east of El Carmelo, alt. 2500 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6293 (SEL).

Manabf: near summit of Montecristi east of Manta, alt. 500 m, 8 Jan. 1978, C. Luer & J. Luer 2273

(holotype of S. manabina: SEL).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4234 (MO).

Bolivar: between Guaranda and Echeandia, alt. 945 m, July 1991, flowered in cultivation, 15 Jan. 1993,

FL Stevenson 93-0116-7 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: near Linon, cultivated by Ecuagenera, 17 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz 7702 (MO); Macas,

collected by and flowered in cultivation by E. Sanchez, 26 July, 2004, A. Hirtz 8849 (MO).

El Oro: near the mines above Zaruma, alt. 1500 m, Mar. 1982, flowered in cultivation 8 Feb. 1984, C.

Luer 9481, 9482 (SEL); forest above Zaruma, alt. 1800 m, 23 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W.

Flores & A. Embree 12024 (MO).

Azuay: Lago Zorogucho, southwest of Cuenca, alt. 3000 m, Aug. 1977, cultivated 15 Jan. 1978, C. Luer

2281 (SEL).

Loja: between Zaruma and La Toma, alt. 1900 m, 2 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12572 (K,

MO).

This species is variable, widely distributed and frequent in the Andes of

Ecuador. Variations include Stelis manabina Dodson & Garay, which has shorter

racemes. The species is characterized by an ascending-caespitose habit with long,

slender ramicauls, and an elliptical, long-petiolate leaf. One or a few slender,

densely flowered racemes surpass the leaf. The lateral sepals are partially connate

and connive to create a synsepal; the petals are thick with thickened margins; and

the lip is subquadrate and shallowly concave above the rounded apex.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

328. Stelis odobenella Luer, Phytologia 49: 232, 1981.

Ety.: Named for the genus of walrus Odobenus L., in allusion to the tusk-like stigmatic processes.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-17 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 18-35 mm long in¬

cluding a petiole 5-13 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a suberect,

flexible, flexuous, lax, few-flowered raceme with 1-2 flowers open simultaneously, 5-6 cm long includ¬

ing the peduncle 2-3 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular,

acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; flowers bilabiate; sepals glabrous, the

dorsal sepal purple, erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally to the

synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals yellow, connate into a broadly ovoid, deeply concave synsepal, 4

mm long, 4 mm wide unexpanded; petals purple, transversely semilunate with acute ends, 0.5 mm long,

1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, concave basally, thickened transversely across the middle, the apex rounded,

broadly thickened and flattemed on the margin; lip purple, transversely obovoid-subpyramidal, 0.6 mm

long, 0.6 mm wide, the anterior surface with a pair of rounded, mammilliform calli, the apex broadly

rounded, incurved, retuse, transversely thickened across the base with a large tall, rounded callus that

occupies the dorsum, traversed with a purple glenion, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical,

each stigma with a tusk-like process 0.5 mm long.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: wet forest above Limon, alt. 2200 m, 17 Sept. 1980, C. Luer & J. Luer

5456 (Holotype of S. odobenella: SEL); between San Juan Bosco and Gualaceo, alt. 2500 m, 28 Mar.

1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10996 (MO); along river between Gualaceo and Limon, alt.

2200 m, 16 Jan. 1986, S. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 1048 (MO); east of the pass between Gualaceo and

Lim6n, alt. 2150 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz , W. Flores & A. Embree 11845 (K, MO);

same area alt. 2150 m, 14 Jan. 1989, C. Luer et al. 13882 (MO); between Cuenca and Plan de Milagro

(Lim6n), alt. 2200 m, 7 Jan. 1995, A. Hirtz et al. 6121 (MO).

Pastaza: between Banos and Puyo, alt. 1270 m, A. Hirtz 2023 (MO).

Loja: Numbala above Valladolid, alt. 1700-2000 m, July 1986, D. D’Alessandro 730 (MO).

This little species, apparently common in a small area of southeastern Ecuador,

is very similar in habit and florally to Stelis opercularis Luer, but S. odobenella is

most remarkable for the long, tusk-like processes of the stigmatic lobes. The lips

demonstrate a close relationship with the tall callus that occupies the dorsum, but an

anterior pair of mammilliform calli distinguishes S. odobenella , and a posterior,

pyramidal callus distinguishes S. opercularis.

329. Stelis opercularis Luer, Phytologia 49: 233, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin opercularis , “with a lid,” referring to the dorsal sepal.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 12-25 mm

long including a petiole 3-10 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

suberect, flexible, flexuous, lax, several-flowered raceme with 1-3 flowers open simultaneously, 3-10 cm

long including the peduncle 1.5-4 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

infundibular, acute, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; flowers bilabiate, sensitive;

sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal purple, erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3.5-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate basally to the synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals purple to pale yellow, connate into a

broadly ovoid, deeply concave synsepal, 3 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide unexpanded; petals purple, trans¬

versely obovate, 0.3-0.6 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly rounded, thickened, the

base concave; lip purple to light green, thick, transversely subovoid, 0.5-0.75 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm

wide, 0.5 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with the apex broadly rounded, flattened and thick¬

ened, the bar tall with a central, depressed glenion, the dorsum with a central, erect, rounded callus, the

base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot

obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: forest between Limon and Gualaquiza, alt. 1600 m, 19 Sept. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer, C. Dodson et al. 5500 (Holotype of S. opercularis: SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1200 m, 19 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz , W. Flores & A. Embree 11929 (MO); south of the pass south of Yangana, alt. 2000 m, 18

Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9605 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The sepals of this little species are basically similar to many others in this sec¬

tion: a broad dorsal sepal standing erect over a concave synsepal. Also as seen in

many of the others, the flowers are sensitive, closing in the afternoon or when dis¬

turbed. The petals of this species are transversely oblong. The lip is small, shallow¬

ly concave anteriorly with a broad, rounded, thickened margin. The bar stands erect

with a marginal glenion above the margin, while a small, solitary callus is on the

downward sloping dorsum.

330., 330a. Stelis pardipes Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid. Centr.-Amer. 96, 1866.

Ety.: From the Latin pardipes , “a foot spotted like a leopard,” referring to the cauline sheaths.

Syn.: Stelis longicuspis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 28, 1910.

Ety.: From the Latin longicuspis , “with a long tooth,” referring to the petals and lip.

Syn.: Stelis albertii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 170, 1923.

Ety.: Named for Albert M. Brenes who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis triseta Lindl. var. pardipes (Rchb.f.) C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15:

24, 1951.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-11

cm long, nonprolific, enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-oblong, with the apex subacute to acute, 7-10 cm long includ¬

ing the petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, congested to subcongested, distichous to secund, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open

simultaneously, 6-20 cm long including the peduncle 1-3 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, 2 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; flowers

nutant, bilabiate; sepals light green, rose to purple, microscopic-pubescent to cellular-glandular within,

the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, obtuse, slightly convex, 3-4 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally

to the synsepal, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, deeply concave synsepal, 1.5-2.5 mm

long, 2.5-3 mm wide unexpanded, 4-veined; petals light green to purple, cuneate-obovate, 0.5-1.3 mm

long including the apex, 0.5-1 mm wide, the apex obtuse with the margin thickened, long-apiculate,

concave below the middle, the base broadly truncate; lip green to purple, thick, subquadrate, 0.5-1.25

mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, the apex abruptly acute, acuminate into a slender process 0.5

mm long, the bar with a shallow glenion on the anterior surface, the dorsum with a low, trilobed callus

above the base, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm

wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

Selected representative collections:

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Desengano, 9 May 1857, H. Wendland 899 (Holotype of S. pardipes : W); Sitio

Ortiz, Birris, A. Endres s.n. (W); vicinity of Vara Blanca, alt. 1680 m, Apr. 1938, A.F. Skutch 3760 (K).

Alajuela: La Palma, alt. ca. 1450 m, Nov. 1898, A. Tonduz 12650 (holotype of S. longicuspis destroyed

at B; San Pedro de San Ramon, alt. 1150 m, Nov. 1921, AM. Brenes 118 (holotype of M. albertii is

fragment of type at AMES); Balsa, north of San Ramon, alt. 1000 m, 9 Aug. 1974, P.J.M. Maas & R.W.

Lent 1228 (K).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: above Senahu, Feb. 1981, alt. 1000 m, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. & M. Dix

6330 SEL, neotype here designated for Stelis longicuspis Schltr., MO); Purulha, alt. ca. 1500 m, Feb.

1981, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Dix & M. Dix 6444 (SEL).

PANAMA: Code: El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, flowered in cultivation 4 Aug. 1976, C. Luer 1039 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del

Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15052, 15054 (MO).

Imbabura: crest of mountain behind Rio Blanco, between Ibarra and San Lorenzo, alt. 1400-1500 m, 14

Dec. 1941, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 1570 (SEL); Selva Alegre, alt. 2350, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer

& A. Hirtz 6057 (SEL); Los Cedros Reserve, alt. 1500-1600 m, 23 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrom, S. Ingram &

K. Ferrell-lngram 2196 (MO).

Pichincha: old road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. ca. 2100 m, 12 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer

& P. Taylor 811, 812 (SEL); west of Calacalf, alt. 2100 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, C. &

P. Dodson 11037 (MO).

Guayas: Cordillera Chongdn-Colonche, alt. 600 m, 9 Oct. 1998, X. Cornejo & C. Bonifaz 6654

(GUAY).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

Napo: north of Baeza, alt. 1500 m, 10 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 3195 (SEL);

old road to Coca, Rio Aguarico, 29 June 1980, J. Jaramillo & F. Coello 2658 (QCA).

Tungurahua: between Hda. Victoria and Rio Topo, alt. 1230 m, 23 Mar. 1939, W.C. Penland & R.H.

Summers 234 (AMES, COCO); Rio Negro, 31 May 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strom 9991

(AMES, GB); Cordillera de los Llanganates, Leito, alt. 2870 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz

& W. Flores 11134 (MO).

Chimborazo: forest below Pallatanga, alt. 2250 m, 19 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

10656 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: Indanza to Limon, alt. 1300-1600 m, 23 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson

12766 (AMES, GB); Plan del Milagro, alt. 1600 m, 24 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 24546

(AMES, GB); Cordillera del Condor, east of Guisme, alt. 1500 m, 18 Feb, 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz et al. 11890, 11903 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. ca. 1500 m, July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wil¬

helm 373 (SEL); Cordillera del Condor, Mayaycu, alt. 1300 m, 20 May 1988, C. Luer et al 13504 (MO).

PERU: Ayacucho: Aina, between Haunta and Rio Apurimac, alt. 750-1000 m, 7-17 May 1929. E.P.

Killip & A. C. Smith (AMES).

Jumn: Pichis Trail, Dos de Mayo, alt. 1700-1900 m, 2-3 July 1929, E.P Killip & A.C. Smith 25806,

25883 (AMES).

Amazonas: Chachapoyas, alt. 3000 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Ecuador, 5 July 2002, A.

Hirtz 8305 (MO).

Cuzco: Paucartambo, Kosnipata Valley, alt. 1800 m, 20 Mar. 1990, P. Munez 11994 (MO).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, below Chuspipata to Yolasa, alt. 2400 m, 23 Jan. 1983, J.C. Solomon

9322 (MO); Nor Yungas, Rio Unduavi, alt. 2650 m, 29 Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5008

(SEL).

Cochabamba: old road from Cochabamba to Villa Tunari, alt. 1250 m, 30 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 18321 (MO).

Stelis pardipes , common in Central America and the Andes, was described from a

Costa Rican collection by Wendland. Reichenbach noted spots on the sheaths of

the ramicauls on the specimen he described as S. pardipes. Beyond doubt, these

spots were present on young or immature sheaths because they are not noted on

subsequent collections.

Vegetatively, the plants are slender, usually with narrow leaves. The inflores¬

cence is erect with two ranks of evenly spaced, little, nutant, bilabiate flowers, with

abruptly acute, long-apiculate tips of the petals and lip. These tips are variable,

varying in thickness and length, those of the petals sometimes reduced to merely a

shortly acuminate apex, approaching those of Stelis guatemalensis Schltr.

331. Stelis piperina Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 17(129), 1858.

Ety.: Named for the resemblance of the plant to a creeping Peperomia.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, branching, up to ca. 15-20 cm long, rhizome stout, 5-15 mm

long between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2 ribbed,

tubular sheaths with the margins minutely ciliate-papular. Leaf suberect or subpendent, coriaceous,

elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 2-3 cm long including the petiole 0.5 cm long, 0.8-1.4 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence a pendent, sublax, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered

raceme, 5-7 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts broadly ovate, cucullate, acuminate, acute, 4-5 mm long, engulfing pedicel, ovary and lower por¬

tion of the sepals; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal light rose,

erect, obovate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly rounded, convex, cellular-glandular

within, connate to the synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals light yellow-green, connate 1 mm and con-

nivent into a broadly ovoid, deeply concave synsepal, each sepal obliquely obovate, obtuse, 2.5-3 mm

long, 1.6-2 mm wide, 2-veined; petals green, transversely flabellate, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined,

the apex broadly obtuse with the margin undulate, thickened; lip trilobed, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.3

mm deep, with the apex abruptly narrowly triangular, the blade transversely subquadrate, lateral lobes

alate, obtuse, the disc channeled between the origins of the lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: western slopes of the Andes, 1854, W. Jameson R.86 (Holotype of S. piperia :

K; Isotype: W); Andes of Quito, alt. 8,000 ft., 21 Jan. 1856, W. Jameson 45 (AMES, G); “Pichincha,”

B. Lpjtnant 11272 (AAU), C. Luer illustr. 8069; terrestrial on road cut, old road between Quito and Santo

Domingo, alt. 1500 m, 10 Mar. 1975, C. Luer & R. Kent s.n. (SEL); between Quito and Chiriboga, alt.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

2500 m, 6 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3865 (SEL); between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt.

2500 m, 22 Mar. 1979, B. L0jtnant & U. Molau 11272 (AAU, GB).

Imbabura: wet forest between Carolina and Buenos Aires, alt; 1950 m, 17 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz et al 12350 (K, MO).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: without locality, collected by A. Maduro, flowered in cultivation by M. Behar in

Guatemala, 26 Nov. 1990, C. Luer 14824 (MO).

This species is distinguished by a repent habit with a stout rhizome enclosed by

ribbed sheaths that are minutely ciliate-papillose along the margins. The pendent,

several-flowered raceme exceeds the obtuse leaf. The floral bracts are dilated and

surround the base of the flowers. The erect, dorsal sepal is broadly rounded at the

convex apex. The considerably smaller lateral sepals are connivent into a deeply

concave “pseudo synsepal.” The petals are transversely flabellate with an undulat¬

ing margin. The apex of the minute lip is subulate with a pair of minute, wing-like

lobes.

332. Stelis pollex Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin pollex , “a thumb,” referring to the prominent dorsal sepal.

Species haec Stelidis piperinae Lindl. similis, sed foliis ovatis acutis, synsepalo non profindissimo ut

in typo, petalis rhombis, et labelli lamina non alata differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, long-repent, branching, up to ca. 40 cm long, rhizome stout, 10-20 mm long

between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, 1.5-20 cm long, enclosed by 2 ribbed, tubular

sheaths with the margins minutely papillose. Leaf suberect or subpendent, coriaceous, ovate, acute, 2.5-

3.5 cm long including the petiole 0.5 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor¬

escence a pendent, sublax, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 4-6 cm long including

the peduncle ca. 2 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts broadly ovate, oblique,

acuminate, acute, 4 mm long, engulfing pedicel and ovary; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;

flowers white, sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect, obovate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

apex broadly rounded, convex, cellular-glandular within, connate to the synsepal for 0.5 mm, the lateral

sepals connate less than 1 mm and connivent into a broadly ovoid, concave synsepal, each sepal oblique¬

ly ovate, acute, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals rhombic, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined,

the margin thickened with the apex angled 90°; lip trilobed, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, with

the apex oblong, acute, the blade transversely subquadrate, lateral lobes short, rounded, the disc feature¬

less, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the

foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: above Tandapi, alt. 2600 m, Mar. 1983, A. Hirtz 1268 (Holotype of S. pollex :

MO), C. Luer illustration 21247.

This species, known from only the type collection, is similar to Stelis piperina

Lindl. with a long-repent habit and similarly papillose margins of the sheaths, but

with acute, ovate leaves. Also, little, pendent racemes bear their flowers in two

opposite ranks with erect, over-sized dorsal sepals like protruding thumbs. The

considerably smaller lateral sepals are connivent into a concave synsepal that is not

as deep as in S. piperina. The petals are rhombic when expanded. The apex of the

minute lip is acute, but the body of the lip is featureless without wings.

333. Stelis pristis Luer, Phytologia 49: 235, 1981.

Ety.: From the Greek pristis , ‘‘a sawfish,” alluding to the raceme of flowers.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-7

cm long, enclosed by a loose tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheathes at the base.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, petiolate, subacute to obtuse 4-8 cm long including a petiole 1.2-1.5

cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous,

many-flowered raceme, with the flowers held perpendicularly to the rachis, many open simultaneously,

12-15 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1-1.2 cm long, from an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, inflated, acute, 5 mm long, 5 mm wide

expanded, exceeding the pedicel and ovary; sepals glabrous, purple externally, greenish purple within,

not widely spread, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 5-veined, connate

1.5 mm to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals 4 mm long, connate 2 mm to form a shallowly concave,

ovoid synsepal 4 mm wide, 8-veined, the apices acute, free for 1 mm; petals purple, transversely semi-

STELIS OF ECUADOR

lunate, shallowly concave basally, thickened across the middle, 0.75 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, the apex

broadly rounded with the margin thickened and flat; lip purple, ovoid-triangular, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm

wide, 0.6 mm deep, narrowly oblong and concave anteriorly with the apex rounded, thickened across the

middle with a small glenion, the dorsum filled with a low, rounded callus, the base truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: cloud forest between Angamarca and El Corazon, alt. 1500 m, 17 Feb. 1979, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4004 (Holotype of S. pristis : SEL).

This species is apparently rare and endemic in westcentral Ecuador. It is distin¬

guished by the elliptical, petiolate leaf, and a twice longer raceme of flowers that

are borne in two ranks and facing the same side, reminiscent of many species of

Lepanthopsis (Cogn.) Ames. The tall, dorsal sepals point outward on both sides of

the raceme suggesting the blade of a sawfish. The base of the dorsal sepal is incor¬

porated into the shallow cavity of the synsepal. The petals are semilunate, and the

lip is more or less triangular with an oblong, concave anterior surface surface.

334. Stelis pugiunculi Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 17(125), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin pugiunculi, “little daggers,” probably referring to the leaves, but also possibly

referring to the lip,

Syn.: Stelis pterostylis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 123, 1915.

Ety.: From the Greek pterostylis , “winged style,” referring to the column that Schlechter saw as

winged-dilated toward the apex, which I fail to see.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender, prolific, 5-

15 cm long below to 3 cm long above, enclosed by a thin, tubular sheath near the middle and another

sheath at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear-elliptical, acute, petiolate, 5-9 cm long in¬

cluding the petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 0.5-0.9 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores¬

cence an erect, distichous, densely, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 8-10

cm long including the peduncle less than 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts infundibular, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple or mixed

purple and yellow, glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, obtuse, slightly convex, 3-3.5 mm long, 2-2.5

mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally to the synsepal, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate,

deeply concave, inflated synsepal, 2-2.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide expanded, 6-veined; petals yellow to

purple, subcircular, with a short apiculum, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, abruptly concave at the base below

a markedly broad margin; lip yellow to purple, subquadrate, with an acute, triangular apiculatum, 0.5

mm long without the apiculum, 0.8 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the apex abruptly contracted into the nar¬

rowly acute apiculum ca. 0.5 mm long, the disc broad, shallowly concave, the base truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: without locality, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. pugiunculi : K); Mt. Corazon

toward Atacazo, Aug. 1875, A. Sodiro 17 (holotype of Stelis pterostylis destroyed at B; lectotype here

designated: BR); farm road south of Tandapi, alt. 1600 m, 1 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, C.H. Dodson, A. Hirtz

& A. Embree 12065 (MO); above Tandapi, alt. 2000 m, 8 Jan. 1986, C. Dodson & P. Dodson 16293

(MO).

Carchi: between Maldonado and Chical, alt. 1500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J . Luer. A. & P. Jesup

16024 (MO); Cerro Golondrinas, alt. 1750 m, 6 Feb. 1993, B. Boyle & A. Boyle 1487 (MO).

“Little Daggers,” related to other species with a subulate process of the lip,

occurs sympatrically in the wet forests of northern Ecuador. Vegetatively, it is

long-scandent with a narrowly elliptical leaf at intervals and an equally long,

crowded raceme. The synsepal is deeply inflated. The proportionately large petals

are broadly rounded, most of the surface being an extremely wide margin, and at the

middle of the edge there is a minute, triangular process. The body of the minute lip

is more or less transverse with the apex narrowly triangular and acute.

72 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

29., 29a, 105., Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. PI. 4: 140, 1805.

Bas.: Humboltiapurpurea Ruiz & Pav., FI. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 121, t. 27, 1794, nom. rej., not

Humboltia purpurea Vahl, 1794,

Syn.: Humboldtiapurpurea Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. Chil. 235, 1798.

Ety.: From the Latin purpureus , “purple,” referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Humboldtia spiralis Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. Chil, 237, 1798.

Ety.: From the Latin Spiralis , “spiraled, twisted,” alluding to the flowers on the raceme.

Syn. Pleurothallis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. PI. 7, 1830.

Syn.: Stelis connata C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 103, 1827.

Ety.: From the Latin connatus, “connate,” referring to the lateral sepals.

Syn.: Stelis cupuligera Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 114, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin cupuliger , “cup bearing,” referring to the bilabiate flowers.

Syn.: Stelis dubia Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 8(55), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin dubius, “doubtful,” because of a mistaken similarity to S. nanegalensis.

Syn.: Stelis acutissima Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 14(108), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin acutissimus , “very acute,” referring to the floral bracts.

Syn.: Stelis densiflora Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 16(118), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin densiflorus , “densely flowered,” referring to the raceme.

Syn.: Stelis endocharis Rchb.f., Linnaea41: 8, 1877.

Ety.: From the Greek endocharis , “pretty inside,” referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis abrupta Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 7, 1877.

Ety.: From the Latin abruptus , “terminated abruptly,” referring to the truncate lip.

Syn.: Stelis hemicardia Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 8, 1877.

Ety.: From the Greek hemicardia , “half-a-heart,” referring to the bilabiate flowers.

Syn.: Stelis rusbyi Rolfe, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. 4: 261, 1895.

Ety.: Named for Henry Hurd Rusby, American medical botanist, who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis huancabambae Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 117: 20, 1916.

Ety.: Named for the community of Huancabamba, near where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelispachyphylla Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 91, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek pachyphyllon , “thick-leaf,” referring to the foliage.

Syn.: Stelispachystele Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 92, 1920.

Ety.: From the Greek pachystele , “thick column,” referring to the column.

Syn.: Stelisphaeantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 68, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek phaeanthos, “darkly colored flower,” referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis robusta Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 38, 1924, not 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin robustus , “robust,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis robustior Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 185, 1980, replaced name for

S. robusta Schltr., 1924.

Syn.: Stelis yungasensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 49, 1929.

Ety.: Named for the Yungas of Bolivia where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis asseris O.Duque, Orquideologia 20(3): 329, 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin asser, “a stake, a pole,” referring to the bar of the lip.

Syn.: Stelis dentata O.Duque, Orquideologia 20(3): 339, 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin dentatus, “dentate,” referring to toothlike appearances on the lip.

Syn.: Stelis repanda Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 22, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin repandus, “repand,” referring to the wavy margins of the floral bracts.

Syn.: Stelis alpina Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 121, 2004.

Ety.: From the Latin alpinus, “of a high altitude,” referring to the habitat.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose to shortly repent; roots slender. Rami-

cauls stout, erect, up to 40 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other

sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, petiolate, with the apex subacute to obtuse, 6-17

cm long including the petiole 0.5-2.5 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores¬

cence 1-2 erect, distichous, subdensely many-flowered racemes with many flowers open simultaneously,

18-35 cm long including the peduncle 5-13 cm long, subtended by a spathe 1-2 cm long, from an annulus

STELIS OF ECUADOR

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, from 12 mm long below to 5

mm long above; pedicels 3-6 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long; flowers nutant, bilabiate, purple, yellow,

yellow-green, or purple with yellow petals and lip; sepals glabrous externally, microscopically pubescent

within, more or less variously suffused with shades of purple, the dorsal sepal erect, ovate-triangular, 10

mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 5-(7-)veined, connate to the synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate into a

broadly ovate, concave synsepal, 5-6.5 mm long, 5-7 mm wide unexpanded, 6-(8-)veined; petals purple,

transversely semilunate, 1-1.25 mm long, 2-2.25 mm wide, concave below the broadly rounded apex

with the margin thickened and flattened, the base transversely truncate; lip purple, thick, subquadrate,

0.9-1.2 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, 0.9-1 mm deep, the apex thick, broadly rounded, shallowly concave

anteriorly with a glenion, the dorsum with a low, more or less lobed callus, the base truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

Selected representative collections:

PERU: Huanuco: Muna, ca. 1779, Ruiz & Pav., s.n. (Holotype of Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz & Pav.:

MA); mountains of Huanuco, Th. Haenke s.n. (holotype of S. connata C.Presl unknown; lectotype here

designated: K); Huassa Huasi, on rocks, Ruiz & Pav. s.n. (holotype of Humboldtia spiralis: MA); with¬

out locality, Warsczewicz s.n. (holotype of S. cupuligera: W).

San Martin: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n. (holotype of S. densiflora: K).

Junin: Tarma, mountains of Yanangu, east of Huacapistana, alt. 2300-2400 m, Jan. 1913, A. Weberbauer

2128 (holotype of S. phaeantha destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: CUZ, lectotypes: G, MOL).

Cajamarca: Jaen, east of Huancabamba, alt. 2400-2500 m, 10 Apr. 1912, A. Weberbauer 6112 (holotype

destroyed at B, lectotype of S. huancabambae here designated: AMES).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Yungas, 1846, Bridges s.n. (K); Yungas, alt. 6,000 ft., 1885, H.H. Rusby 2758

(holotype of S. rusbyi: K; isotype: LE); Yungas, 1890, M. Bang 332 (W); Nord Yungas, Polo-Polo near

Coroico, alt. 1100 m, Oct.-Nov. 1911, O. Buchtien 3699 (lectotype of S. yungasensis: AMES).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 1950 m, 2-4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom

& T. Hdijer 9909 (MO); west of the pass west of Tulcan, terrestrial on the road embankment, Bosco, alt.

3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15046 (holotype of S. alpina Luer &

Hirtz: MO); terrestrial in scrub forest north of El Playon, alt. 3100 m, 20 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 15184, 15187, 15188 (MO); east of Gruta La Paz, alt. 3200 m, 13 Sept. 2004, A. Hirtz et al.

9014 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 21038.

Sucumbios: south of Santa Barbara, alt. 2700 m, 5 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hdijer 9967

(MO); same area, alt. 2700 m, 6 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11091A (MO).

Imbabura: east of Cayambe, alt. 10,300 ft., 29 July 1944, 1. Wiggins 10509 (AMES).

Pichincha: western side of Pichincha, Oct. 1855, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of S. acutissima: K); Andes

Quitenses, 1859, Spruce 5383 (K); western declivity of the Andes, 1854, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of S.

dubia: K).

Napo: Rio Azuela between Baeza and Lago Agrio, alt. 1740 m, 24 Oct. 1971, B. MacBryde 821

(AMES); new road east of Salcedo, Rio Anatenario, alt. 2800 m, 27 May 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & U.

Molau 13816, 13820 (AAU); Cosanga near Tena, alt. 1850 m, 17 June 1983, C.H. Dodson, D. Benzing &

A. Hirtz 14027 (SEL); Cerro Sumaco, alt. 3000 m, 1 May 1979, B. L0jtnant & U. Molau 13034 (AAU,

GB).

Tungurahua: Cordillera de Llanganates, near junction of Rio Golpe and Rio Sangarinas, alt. unknown,

25 Nov. 1939, E. Asplund 9864 (AMES, S); slopes of Vulcan Tungurahua, alt. 2400 m, Dec. 1983, A.

Hirtz 1475 (MO); Cordillera de Llanganates, near junction of Rio Golpe and Rio Sangarinas, alt. un¬

known, 25 Nov. 1939, E. Asplund 9864 (AMES, S).

Bolivar: between Guaranda and Balzapamba, alt. 2000 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, A. Hirtz

at al. 9733 (MO); west of Guaranda, old road to Puertoviejo, alt. 3100 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom, A. Hirtz et al. 9740 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: between Gualaceo and Limon, alt 2900-3100 m, 12 June 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & U.

Molau 14684 (AAU, GB); east of the pass between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 3180 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11811, 11837 (MO); southeast of Sigsig, alt. 3050 m, 13

Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 13863 (MO).

Canar: at pass between Azogues and Taday, alt. 3100 m, 30 Mar. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson .lh6

23446 (AMES, GB, QCA).

Loja: Cordillera de Sabanilla, south of Yangana, alt. 2480 m, 31 Dec. 1980, M.T. Madison et al. 7477

(SEL); new road north of Loja, alt. 2600 m, 2 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12579 (MO).

Azuay: above Cumbe, alt. 2800 m, 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, E. Sanchez & L. Suin 19757

(MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: south of the pass above Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10857 (MO); east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2150 m, 26 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10933 (holotype of S. repanda: MO); south of Zamora toward Zumba, alt. 1450 m,

27 Mar. 1985, C. Luer. J. Luer, A, Hirtz & W. Flores 10959 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Los

Encuentros, 22 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup & P. Jesup 14052 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Medellin, Roezl s.n. (holotype of P. hemicardia : W); without data, Roezl s.n.

(holotype of S. endocharis : W); Medellin, Roezl s.n. (holotype of S. abrupta: W, drawing at AMES).

Quindio: at the pass between Salento and Tocha, alt. 3300 m, 10 May 1993, C. Luer et al. 15643 (MO).

Cauca: west Andes of Cali, alt. 1600-2000 m, F.C. Lehmann 6922 (holotype of S. pachystele: destroyed

at B, lectotype here designated AMES; lectotype: K); F.C. Lehmann 6922 (LE) is not an isotype; near

Sonsdn, alt. 2300 m, collected by N. Pelaez, flowered in cultivation 27 Dec. 1991, O. Duque 1400

(holotype of S. asseris: JAUM); beside Rio Buey, between La Ceja and Abejorral, alt. 1800 m, 4 Feb,

1991, flowered in cultivation Mar. 1991, O. Duque 1280 (holotype of S. dentata: JAUM).

Valle del Cauca: Tocota near Cali, alt. 6,000 ft., Nov. 1877, F.C. Lehmann 132 (W).

Narino: Volcan Purace, Rio Palace, alt. 10,000 ft., 20 May, 1878 F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W); Pasto, Altaqu-

er, alt. 1200 m, 6 Aug. 1879, F.C. Lehmann 148 (W); Pasto, Altaquer, alt. 1200 m, 6 Aug. 1879, F.C.

Lehmann 148 (W); La Laguna, alt. 3000 m, 21 Feb. 1881, F.C. Lehmann 364 (W); southeastern slope of

Volcan Pasto, alt. 3000 m, 14 Feb. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 535 (W); between Pasto and Mocoa, alt. 3300 m,

May 1921, W. Hopp 56 (holotype of S. robusta destroyed at B, neotype here designated: C. Luer & J.

Luer 12537 { MO).

Putumayo: between La Cocha and Sibundoy, alt. 3000 m, 26 Jan. 1987, C. Luer & J. Luer 12537 (MO).

Without data, collected by Madero s.n. (holotype of S. pachyphylla destroyed at B, neotype here desig¬

nated: C. Luer et al. 15643 (MO).

This species is frequent with innumerable, trivial variations in size and shape of

the leaf and flowers in its wide distribution in the Andes. Apparently because he

had no access to an authentic specimen of Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.,

Lindley described two specimens of this species as S. acutissima and S. dubia. No

specimen in his herbarium was identified by him as S. purpurea.

Two recent collections of variations of this species have been described and il¬

lustrated in leones Pleurothallidinarum. Stelis repanda Luer & Hirtz, leones

Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 29., was distinguished by longer, undulating floral

bracts. Stelis alpina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 105., was

distinguished by larger flowers with sepals more than ten millimeters long.

Stelis purpurea is usually a robust plant characterized by a very shortly repent to

a densely caespitose habit with many-flowered racemes that usually far exceed the

elliptical, petiolate leaves. The floral bracts are lomg and more or less inflated. The

flowers are variable in size, some large specimens equalling those of Stelis maxima

Lindl. The color varies among all shades of purple to yellow. The five- (occasion¬

ally seven-) veined dorsal sepal is ovate-triangular, more or less acute, and usually

more than six millimeters long, and the lateral sepals are connate into a concave

synsepal. The dorsal sepal of S. repanda was illustrated with three veins, which,

after reviewing the flowers of the type collection, is found to be an omission of the

outer veins. The petals are proportionately large with broadly rounded, thick

margins. The apex of the type-A lip is also rounded and thick, and on the dorsum a

low, rounded callus, sometimes lobulated, fits beneath the column.

335. Stelis scopulosa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin scopulosus, “full of little brushes,” referring to the little, bristly flowers.

Species haec Stelidis nutanti Lindl. similis, sed sepalis dense pubescentibus, petalis obtusiangulatis,

et labelli apici prominenti obtuso differt.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, densely ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, 10-18 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and another from below the

middle, and 1-2 imbricating sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 9-11

cm long including a petiole 1.5-2 cm long, 1.2-1.6 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores¬

cence 1-3 strict, erect, congested, secund, many-flowered racemes with many flowers open simultane¬

ously, 15-20 cm long including the peduncle 2-4 cm long, subtended by a spathe 1-1.8 cm long, at an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-2.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellowish to greenish white with a dense, white pubescence; glabrous external¬

ly, the dorsal sepal ovate, convex, with the obtuse apex more or less recurved, connate to the synsepal for

ca. 0.5 mm, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 2-2.3 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate basally but connivent

STELIS OF ECUADOR

into a concave, broadly ovoid synsepal, 2.3-3 mm long, each 2.3-3 mm long, 3-veined; petals transverse¬

ly ovate, 0.5-0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, concave below the broadly obtuse apical margin; lip

thickly subtriangular, 0.8 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with the

apex narrowed but obtuse, the bar protuberant with a concave glenion, the dorsum with a broad, low,

pubescent callus, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm

long, 0.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Bolivar: terrestrial on the road embankment west of Guaranda toward Catarama, alt. 2700

m, 13 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz 15032 (Holotype of S. scopulosa : MO).

Cotopaxi: between Angamarca and Corazon, alt. 1200 m, 17 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

4011 (SEL).

This species is apparently uncommon and restricted to the western slope of the

high Andes of central Ecuador. It is similar to Stelis nutans Lindl., but differs in the

more slender habit; sepals densely long-pubescent within; petals with an obtuse

margin; and a thick triangular lip with the apex narrowed and obtuse. The bar is

protuberant and incised with a deep glenion.

336. Stelis singularis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin singularis, “alone,” the rare member of section Humboldtia to have petals

with only one vein.

Inter species sectionis Humboldtiae habitus grandis folio anguste ovato ramicauli leviter longiore et

racemo plus minusve aequilongo, floribus mediocribus synsepalo anguste obtuso, petalis vulgo uninervi-

bus et labello lato non alto ad dorsum calloso distinguitur.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 6-10 cm long, enclosed by a

tubular sheath above the middle, and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly

ovate, acute, petiolate, 14-15 cm long including a petiole 2.5-3 cm long, the blade 2.5 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, subcongested, distichous, many-flowered racemes, many

flowers open simultaneously, 14 cm long, flowering from near the base, with a spathe 1.2 cm long, from

an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long;

ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal purple, ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 3.75 mm wide,

incompletely 7-veined, connate basally to the synsepal for 1 mm, the lateral sepals connate into an ovoid,

concave synsepal, 5.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined, rounded at the base; petals purple,

thin, transversely ovate, 0.8 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, usually 1-veined, occasionally 2-veined, the apex

broadly rounded with a narrow, thickened margin, concave basally below an ill-defined transverse callus;

lip transversely subquadrate, 0.6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, concave anteriorly within the

thick margin of the broadly rounded apex, with the lateral angles expanded apex, the bar with a glenion,

the dorsum with a large, rounded callus and a smaller, low callus on either side, the base truncate, hinged

to the base of the column; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Carchi: Rio Blanco, along new road between Carolina and Chical, alt. 1800 m, 10 Apr.

2007, A. Hirtz, L. Grobler et al. 9222 (Holotype of S. singularis: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21265.

This relatively large species is characterized by a narrowly ovate leaf that is

slightly longer than the ramicaul, and the many-flowered raceme is about as long as

the leaf. The dorsal sepal is acute and the synsepal is rounded at the base with the

apex narrowly obtuse. The petals are thin, usually with only one distinct vein.

Occasionally the mate will have an additional vein. Among the petals of the flow¬

ers of the raceme examined, only three or four petals with two veins were seen. The

lip is type-A, broader than long and shallow in depth with a round callus on the

dorsum that slopes downward.

A single-veined petal is rare in Stelis section Humboldtia , known previously

only in tiny Stelis glossula Rchb.f.

337. Stelis stiriosa Luer & Dalstrom, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin stiria, “an icicle,” referring to the hanging raceme of white flowers.

Species haec Stelidis piperinae Lindl. affinis, sed foliis ovatis acutis majoribus, sepalo dorsali line-

ari-oblongo, et sepalis lateralibus late falcatis differt.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, long-repent, branching, up to 30 cm long, rhizome stout, 2-3 cm

long between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, 1.5-2 cm long, enclosed by 2 ribbed,

tubular sheaths without the margins minutely ciliate-papular. Leaf suberect or subpendent, coriaceous,

ovate, acute, 3-5 cm long including the petiole 0.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the pe¬

tiole. Inflorescence a pendent, sublax, distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 6-10 cm

long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts broadly infun¬

dibular, acute, 3-4 mm long, engulfing pedicel, ovary and lower portion of the sepals; pedicels 0.5 mm

long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals glabrous, white, the dorsal sepal suffused with light rose, antrorse,

linear-oblong, obtuse, 6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined, thickened toward the apex, barely connate to

the synsepal, the lateral sepals white, connate 1 mm and connivent into a broadly ovoid, deeply concave

synsepal, each sepal subfalcate, acute, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals white, transversely

flabellate, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly obtuse with the margin thickened; lip

trilobed, 0.75 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, with the apex triangular, acute, the blade transverse¬

ly subquadrate, with obtuse, antrorse lateral lobes, the disc shallowly channeled between the origins of

the lateral lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm

wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Imbabura: Reserva Biologica Los Cedros, along ridge above Joe’s house, alt. 1700 m, 24

Jan. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hbijer & H. Wanntorp 1752 (Holotype of S. stiriosa : MO), C. Luer illustr.

21248; along southern ridge, alt. 1500 m, 25 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrom, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram

2222 (MO); camino hacia el observatorio, alt. 1800 m, 3 Mar. 2002, L. Endara A. 898 (QCA).

This species is related to Stelis piperina Lindl., but differs having larger, ovate,

acute leaves, and sheaths of the rhizome not minutely ciliate-papillose along the

margins. A pendent, several-flowered raceme in two opposite ranks exceeds the

leaf. The floral bracts are dilated and surround the base of the flowers. The dorsal

sepal is antrorse and narrowly oblong, the nearly as large, lateral sepals are conniv¬

ent into a concave synsepal. The petals are transversely flabellate. The minute lip

has similar wing-like lobes, but the protruding middle lobe is not as slender.

338. Stelis tobarii Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Francisco Tobar of Mindo, Ecuador, collector of this species.

Inter species sect. Humboldtiae planta grandis caespitosa, racemo multifloro folio ovato longissime

petiolato plus minusve aequilongo, sepalis glabris multivenosis, petalis transversis marginibus crassissi-

mis, et labello ille Stelidisflaccae Rchb.f. similis.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender 23-30 cm long, with a

long, tubular sheath near the middle, and 2-3 imbricating sheaths toward the base. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, ovate, acute, long-petiolate, the blade 10-12 cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide, abruptly contracted into a

slender petiole 3.5 cm long. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, sublax, successively many-flowered racemes with

several flowers open simultaneously, to 17 cm long including the peduncle ca. 5 cm long, subtended by a

spathe ca. 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique,

obtuse, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; flowers red-purple; sepals glabrous,

the dorsal sepal erect, ovate, acute, 7 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, incompletely 7-veined, connate basally to

the synsepal, the lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, bifid, concave synsepal, 5.5 mm long, 5.5

mm wide, 10-veined; petals thick, transversely lunate, 1.3 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, the apex round and

markedly thickened, concave basally below a transverse callus; lip thick, subquadrate, 1 mm long, 1.3

mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded with a wide margin, shallowly concave above, the bar

tall with a shallow glenion, the posterior surface (the “dorsum” in apposition with the inferior surface of

the column) featureless, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column semiterete, 1 mm

long, 1.3 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

Imbabura: Cotacachi, Junm, alt. 1500-1700 m, 16 Feb. 2004, F. Tobar & J. Monge 810 (Holotype of S.

tobari : MO), C. Luer illustr. 20891.

This large species, known from only the original collection, is related to Stelis

flacca Rchb.f. with which it grows sympatrically in the province of Imbabura. It is

characterized by a large size, long ramicauls, and a very long-petiolate leaf that is

eventually surpassed by a sublax raceme of flowers described as being wine col¬

ored. The sepals are glabrous and multiveined; the petals have a thick, rounded

margin; and the shallow lip fits obliquely along the under surface of the column,

similar to that of S. flacca .

STELIS OF ECUADOR

339. Stelis truncata Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin truncatus, “truncate,” referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis fruticulus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 88, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin fruticulus, “a little shrub,” referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis cordibractea Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 51, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin cordibracteus , “with cordate bracts,” referring to the bracts.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose basally, long-scandent above; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

stout, prolific, 4-15 cm long, enclosed by 2 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical,

acute to sub acute, 4-10 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 cm lomg.

Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, distichous, simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 8-18 cm long

including the peduncle 1-6 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts acute,

oblique, undulating, 5-8 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers nutant, yellow-

green, orange, to purple, variously suffused; sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect, triangular, acute, 5-8

mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 5-(7-)veined, connate to the synsepal for 2 mm, the lateral sepals connate into a

transversely ovate, concave synsepal, 3.5-7 mm long, 5-9 mm wide expanded, 6-(8-)veined; petals

transversely semilunate, 1-2 mm long, 1.5-2.75 mm wide, concave below the broadly rounded apex with

the margin thickened and flattened, with a transverse callus above the concave base; lip thick, subqua¬

drate, 1-1.5 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, 0.75-1.5 mm deep, the apex thick, broadly rounded, shallowly

concave anteriorly with a glenion, the dorsum with a low, more or less three-lobed callus, the base trun¬

cate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, the foot obsolescent,

the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

PERU: San Martin: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n. (Holotype of S. truncata : K).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2600 m, 21 May 1973. Holm-Nielsen et al.

6224 (AAU, AMES); west of Tulcan, alt. ca, 2500 m, 25 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3352

(SEL); terrestrial, between Tulcdn and Maldonado, alt. 3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del

Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15047 (MO); same area, alt. 3250 m, 14 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup

16000, 16005, 16014 (MO); east of pass above Maldonado, alt. 2450, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

& R Jesup 16032 (MO).

Chimborazo: west slopes of Volcan Chimborazo, alt. 3000-3500 m, F.C. Lehmann 8218 (holotype of S.

cordibractea destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: K; lectotype: AMES); Chontapamba, between

Puela and Banos, 15 Mar. 1969, H. Lugo 768 (GB).

Azuay: Rio Cumbe valley, south of Cumbe. alt. 2900-3000 m, 9 June 1975, B. L0jtnant, A. & U. Molau,

14369 (AAY, GB).

Loja: south of Loja, alt. 2400-2500 m, 18 Apr. 1946, B. Espinosa 189 (AMES, LOJA); forest at the pass

north of Loja, alt. 3150 m, 17 Jan. 1985, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9548 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Nudo de Sabanilla, road to Valladolid, alt. 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1985, B. Harling & L.

Andersson 21522 (GB); south of Yangana above Valladolid, alt. 2700 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10822 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Alto de Aleman (Alegrias), west Andes of Antioquia, alt. 2500 m, Oct., F.C.

Lehmann 8214 (holotype of S. fruticulus: destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES; lectotype:

LE).

This species is obviously related to the common and variable Stelis purpurea

(Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., but it is easily distinguished from the latter. The plant is

scandent with stout or slender, superposed ramicauls with elliptical leaves, that are

usually much smaller than those of the latter. The flowers are similar, easily falling

within the variations found in S. purpurea.

340. Stelis valladolidensis Luer & D’ Alessandro, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Rio Valladolid, along which the species was collected.

Species haec Stelidis nutanti Lindl. affinis, sed habitu minore racemi folio anguste oblongo plus

minusve breviore, sepalis lateralibus falcato-ovatis subacutis, labelli apice triangulari profunde concavo

distinguitur.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-7

cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-oblong, acute, 9-11 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1.5 cm long,

1.5-1.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous,

nearly simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 7-10 cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, with a

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

spathe 8-10 mm long, at the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, 3 mm long;

pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow-green, suffused with purple toward the base, gla¬

brous, the dorsal sepal fleshy, free except near the base, erect, oblong, subacute, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals antrorse, falcate-ovate, oblique, subacute, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate ca. 1 mm; petals transversely ovate, 0.8 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, concave

below the broadly rounded apex with a thick, flat margin, without a transverse callus; lip thick, subqua¬

drate, 0.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.6 mm deep, the apex narrowly triangular, acute, protuberant,

deeply concave below a prominent transverse bar, the glenion replaced by a deep cavity, the dorsum with

a low, trilobed central callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm

long, 0.75 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: along Rio Vallodolid above Valladolid, alt. 1700-1800 m, 16 Apr.

1986, D. D’Alessandro 603 (Holotype of S. valladolidensis : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21249.

This species, known from only the original collection, is similar to the common

and variable Stelis nutans Lindl., but it is distinguished from the latter by a crowded

raceme of small flowers that is slightly shorter than the narrowly oblong leaves.

The erect dorsal sepal is oblong; the antrorse lateral sepals are falcate-ovate; the

petals are transversely ovate without a transverse callus; and the apex of the lip

triangular and deeply concave below a transverse bar.

341. Stelis velutina Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 17(130), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin velutinus, “velvety,” referring to the short pubescence of the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis hians Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 121, 1915.

Ety.: From the Latin hians, “gaping,” referring to the bilabiate flowers.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-6 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 6-11

cm long including a petiole ca. 1 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

strict, erect, congested, secund, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 15-23

cm long including the peduncle 6-10 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 1 cm long, at an annulus below

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 3 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary curved, 2-3 mm

long; sepals light yellow, glabrous externally, cellular papular-pubescent within on the outer thirds, the

dorsal sepal forward, connate to the synsepal for 2 mm, oblong-ovate, obtuse, slightly convex, 8 mm

long, 4 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a concave, broadly ovate-suborbicular synse¬

pal, 5.5 mm long, 6.5 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined, with the apex rounded, slightly recurved, minute¬

ly bifid; petals light yellow, transversely ovate, 1 .25 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, concave below the

broadly thickened and rounded, apical margin; lip light yellow, thick, subquadrate, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm

wide, 0.6 mm deep, concave anteriorly with the apex obtuse, the bar with a concave glenion, the dorsum

with 3 rounded calli, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical and bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, 1857, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. velutina: K); Mt.

Pichincha near Irutiflas, June 1886, A. Sodiro 9 (holotype of S. hians destroyed at B, lectotype here

designated: QPLS); west flank of Iliniza, Cerro Azul, alt. 2800 m, 23 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 12455 (MO).

Imbabura: new road west of Otavalo, alt. ca. 3000 m, 7 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & R.

Escobar 3882, 3893 (SEL); Selva Alegre, alt. 2850 m, 6 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hdijer

9987 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in the Andes of central Ecuador, is closely

related to several other concepts which appear distinct when single specimens are

considered. However, intermediate variations occur. Stelis velutina appears to be

vegetatively variable. The usually yellow, bilabiate flowers face downward in a

crowded, secund raceme. The sepals are minutely papillose-pubescent within; the

margin of the petals is broad and flattened; and the lip is concave and obtuse with

three, rounded calli on the dorsum.

STELIS OF ECUADOR 79

126. Stelis venosa Luer & Endara, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95:

132, 2003.

Ety.: From the Latin venosus, "full of veins," referring to the sepals.

ECUADOR: Canar: north slope of Cerro del Gatel, above Rivera, alt. 2600-2700 m, 2 Feb. 1988, E.

Molau, B. Eriksen & M. Fredriksen 2874 (Holotype of S. venosa : AAU; Isotype: GB), C. Luer illustr.

20509.

Napo: terrestrial on road bank, Km 83, Quito to Baeza, alt. 2200 m, 30 June 1985, C.H. Dodson & A.

Hirtz 15874 (MO).

This species was described in Part Two of the Stelis of Ecuador in leones Pleuro-

thallidinarum 26, but an illustration of Stelis applanata Luer & Hirtz was inadver¬

tently used for Figure 126. The correct illustration for Figure 126. is presented.

342., 342a,. Stelis vulcani Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg. 1: 19, 1878.

Ety.: The possessive of Vulcanus , the fire-god, referring to the volcanic habitat of the plant.

Syn.: Pleurothallis corazonica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 128, 1915, not Lehm. &

Kraenzl.

Ety.: Named for Mt. Corazon where the plant was collected.

Syn.: Stelis ecallosa Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 358, 1956.

Ety.: From the Latin ecallosus, "without a callus," referring to the lip.

Plant small, medium to large in size, lithophytic to epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, 5-12 cm long, with a tubular sheath near the middle, and 2 others at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-11 cm long including a petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long, 0.9-1.5 cm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered

racemes with many flowers open simultaneously, 15-20 cm long including the peduncle 5-8 cm long,

subtended by a spathe ca. 1 cm long, at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular,

acute, 2.5-4 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals white to yellow, occasionally

purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal free except at the base, erect, ovate, obtuse, slightly convex, 5-7 mm

long, 2.5-4 mm wide, 3- to 5-veined, the lateral sepals connate into a concave, broadly ovate-

suborbicular synsepal, 4-5 mm long, 4-5.5 mm wide unexpanded, 6-veined, with the apex slightly re¬

curved, minutely bifid; petals yellow, transversely oblong, 1-1.2 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined,

concave below the broadly rounded, narrowly thickened, apical margin; lip yellow, thick, subquadrate, 1

mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, 0.5-0.75 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with the apex obtuse, the disc

filled with a bilobed bar, with a glenion between the lobes, the base variably callous, broadly truncate,

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the

anther and the stigma apical and bilobed.

Selected representative collections:

ECUADOR: eastern declivity of central Ecuador where Lehmann was collecting in June 1877, am

Vulkangestein, alt. 8,000 ft., June 1877, EC. Lehmann s.n. (Holotype: W).

Carchi: between Tulc£n and Maldonado, alt. 2900-3100 m, 2 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson

12413 (AMES, GB).

Sucumbios: south of Santa Barbara, alt. 2700 m, 6 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & X. Hirtz 11090

(MO).

Imbabura: east of Volcan Cayambe, alt. 10,200 ft., 14 July 1944, W.B. Drew E-320 (AMES); Selva

Alegre, alt. 2430 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6047 (SEL).

Pichincha: on rocks and trunks of old trees on Mt. Corazon, Sept. 1892, A. Sodiro 6 (holotype of Pleur¬

othallis corazonica destroyed at B); Mt. Corazon, A. Sodiro 6b (lectotype of P. corazonica here desig¬

nated: QPLS; isolectotype: MO).

Napo: Tena, 14 Oct. 1939, E. Asplund 9311 (holotype of S. ecallosa’. S); east of Papallacta, alt. 2600 m,

26 Mar. 1972, B. MacBryde & J.D. Dwyer 1251 (SEL); north of Baeza, alt. 1500 m, 10 Aug. 1978, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 3224 (SEL).

Pastaza: east of Puyo, alt. 600 m, 19 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 907 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: Limon to Gualaceo, alt. 1900 m, 22 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 12741

(AMES, GB); between Sigsig and Chiquinda, alt. 3000 m, May 2004, A. Hirtz 8723 (MO), C. Luer il¬

lustr. 20858.

Canar: road between Pindilig and Rivera, alt. 2800-3000 m, 8 June 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & M. Molau

14299, 14307 (AAU, GB).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Azuay: between El Pan and Guachapala, alt. 7,500-9,800 ft., 4 Sept. 1945, W.E. Camp E-5226 (AMES,

NY); Sevilla de Oro, alt. 2400 m, 19 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strom 8435 (GB); Rio Paute,

northeast of Osomache, alt. 2400 m, 3 Feb. 1988, U. Molau, B. Eriksen & M. Fredrikson 2899 (GB).

Loja: east of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 21 May 1971, B. MacBryde 323 (AMES); south of Yangana above

Cachaco, alt. 2450 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. D’Alessandro 6192 (SEL); Nudo de Sabanil-

la, alt. 2400 m, 10 Feb. 1982, G. Harling et al. 20572 (GB).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cajanuma range, south of Loja, alt. 2500 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10772 (MO); south of Yangana, above Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 23 M^ar. 1985, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10758, 10921 (MO); Quebrada Honda below Valladolid, alt. 2200 m, 27

Mar. 1986, D. D’Alessandro & H Mendoza 541, 563 (MO); between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2750 m, 17

Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 3660 (AMES, AAU).

PERU: Huanuco: Tingo Maria, near Carpish divide, alt. 2700 m, 3 Feb. 1984, A. Gentry & D. Smith

44884 (MO).

This frequent and variable species is characterized by a caespitose habit with

narrow leaves surpassed by one or two slender, many-flowered racemes of usually

light yellow flowers, but sometimes with purple petals and lip. The dorsal sepal,

with three or five veins, stands erect above the concave synsepal that sometimes

splits above the middle, but the sepals remain connivent, nevertheless. The petals

are transverse with a thickened edge. The lip is subquadrate with the bar fissured to

the glenion. The callus on the dorsum is variably, often indistinctly lobed.

The description of Stelis ecallosa Garay applies to Stelis vulcani , which occurs

commonly near Tena in the department of Napo where S. ecallosa was collected.

No details of the lip were noted, hence the name meaning “without a callus.” No

material has been seen.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 309. Stelis allenii

Fig. 310. Stelis aviceps

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 312. Stelis biserrula

Fig. 313. Stelis dactyloptera

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 318. Stelis globiflora

Fig. 319. Stelis glomerosa

Fig. 321a. Stelis guatemalensis

Fig. 322. Stelis jatunyacuensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 323b. Stelis langlassei

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 327. Stelis nutans

Fig. 327a. Stelis nutans

(Stelis manabina)

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 331. Stelis piperina

Fig. 332. Stelis pollex

Fig. 333. Stelis pristis

Fig. 334. Stelis pugiunculi

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 336. Stelis singularis

Fig. 337. Stelis stiriosa

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

STELIS OF ECUADOR

2. STELIS Sect. NEXIPOUS

Stelis sect. Nexipous (Garay) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 62,

1986.

Bas.: Stelis subgen. Nexipous Garay, Bot. Mus, Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27 (7-9): 168-259, 1980.

Type: Stelis nexipous Garay.

Stelis sect. Nexipous and Stelis sect. Stelis are distinguished from Stelis sect.

Humboldtia by lateral sepals that are not connate into a synsepal. The section is

recognized by a caespitose habit, usually medium in size for the genus, and a

racemose inflorescence. The sepals are either glabrous or microscopically pubes¬

cent, and not membranous. The lateral sepals are free from each other, either

completely or to near the base. The degree of connation to the dorsal sepal varies,

but more deeply than to themselves, often markedly so. The petals are fleshy and

overlain by expanded stigmatic lobes. The lips are modifications of type-B.

Sixteen of the 18 species recognized are endemic in Ecuador. Stelis genychila

Garay occurs also in Colombia, and S. juninensis Kraenzl. occurs also in Peru.

They are listed below, followed by their appearance within the leones Pleurothalli-

dinarum series.

Stelis aperta Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 343., 343a.

Stelis bovilinguis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 102.

Stelis encephalota Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 206.

Stelis genychila Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 344.

Stelis juninensis Kraenzl., leones Pleuroth. 30. Part Four, Fig. 345.

Stelis laudabilis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 207.

Stelis lynniana Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 208.

Stelis matula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 3.

Stelis mnemonica Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 209.

Stelis nexipous Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 346., 346a.

Stelis orecta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 210.

Stelis pactensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 211.

Stelis picea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 212.

Stelis reniformis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 103.

Stelis saurocephala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 104.

Stelis steganopus Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 347.

Stelis uncifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 213.

Stelis zelenkoi Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 4.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY V: The species of STELIS sect. NEXIPOUS

1 Dorsal sepal deeply inflated, subspherical; lateral sepals nearly free, recurved.

. S. encephalota

V Dorsal sepal not deeply inflated

2 Lateral sepals divided, inflated and connivent with the dorsal sepal to their tips.

... S. matula

2’ Lateral sepals not inflated and connivent with the dorsal sepal

3 Lateral sepals deeply connate to the dorsal sepal

4 Lateral sepals connate at least half their length to the dorsal sepal

5 Raceme much longer than the leaf; lip subcircular with the callus cleft.

. S. nexipous

5’ Raceme shorter than, to about as long as the leaf; lip obovate, obtuse with the

callus not cleft. S. steganopus

4’ Lateral sepals not connate at least half their length to the dorsal sepal

6 Petals proportionately large, more than twice the length of the lip....S. genychila

6’ Petals not more than twice longer than the lip

7 Lip uncinate, much longer than wide. S. uncifera

7’ Lip not uncinate and longer than wide

8 Petals smaller than the lip

9 Lip with a concave, rounded, apical lobe. S. bovilinguis

9’ Lip not with a concave, rounded, apical lobe. S. aperta

8’ Petals not smaller than the lip

10 Sepals convex basally around the central apparatus

11 Sepals acuminate, carinate, with thickened margins. S. saurocephala

11’ Sepals not acuminate with thickened margins. S. laudabilis

10’ Sepals not convex around the central apparatus. S. zelenkoi

3’ Lateral sepals nearly free or shallowly connate to the dorsal sepal

12 Lateral sepals acute, obliquely decurved. S. juninensis

12’ Lateral sepals not acute and obliquely decurved

13 Lateral sepals acute, apiculate; lip with the apex broadly rounded. S. orecta

13’ Lateral sepals acute to obtuse; lip with the apex triangular

14 Lateral sepals diverging about 90°. S. lynniana

14’ Lateral sepals diverging about 180°

15 Sepals convex basally surrounding the central apparatus

16 Sepals narrowly elliptical; lip acute. S. mnemonica

16’ Sepals broadly elliptical; lip obtuse. S. pactensis

15’ Sepals not convex basally surrounding the central apparatus

17 Petals reniform with rounded margins. S. reniformis

17’ Petals subquadrate with distinct margins. S. picea

STELIS OF ECUADOR

343., 343a. Stelis aperta Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 182, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin apertus, “opened,” referring to the expanded flower.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 6-12 cm

long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-12 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, contract¬

ed below into a petiole 1-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, distichous, many-flowered

raceme with several to many flowers open simultaneously, 8-30 cm long including the peduncle 4-5 cm

long, subtended by a spathe 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 4-5 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals purple, glabrous externally,

sparsely short pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, obtuse, 3.5-4 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate for 2 mm to the lateral sepals to form a 3-lobed, expanded, flabellate flower, the lateral

sepals obliquely ovate, obtuse, 3.5-5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally for 0.5 mm to

each other; petals purple, transversely cuneate-oblong, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, broadly rounded at

the apex, shallowly concave; lip purple, broadly elliptical-subcircular, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide,

0.5 mm deep, the apex thickened, rounded, slightly incurved, shallowly concave centrally, with a pair of

erect, adjacent, tall lamellae below the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

Without locality, F.C. Lehmann 21 (Holotype of S. aperta : W; Isotypes: AMES: K).

ECUADOR: Napo: north of Baeza, alt. 2000 m, 10 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3208 (SEL);

south of Baeza toward Cosanga, alt. 1800 m, 14 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11274

(MO); between Papallacta and Baeza, alt. 2100 m, 20 Feb. 1982, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 6851 (SEL); near

Baeza, alt. 1900 m, 23 Feb. 1982, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 7006 (SEL).

Pastaza: Madre Tierra, near Puyo, 20 Aug. 1968, H. Lugo 342 (GB).

Tungurahua: near Banos, 2700 m, 10 July 1967, C.H. Dodson, N.H. Williams & R. Adams 3760 (SEL).

Loja: army road east of Yangana, alt. 2480 m, 4 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D. D’Alessandro & S.

Dalstrom 7177 (SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Loja-Zamora road, 1400 m, 29 Sept. 1961, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 814 (SEL).

This uncommon species is found in southeastern Ecuador; Lehmann’s collection

described as S. aperta Garay bears no data. The plant is characterized by stout

ramicauls about as long as oblong leaves that are surpassed by long many-florwered

raceme with large floral bracts. The lateral sepals, diverging variably, are connate

about half their length to the dorsal sepal, while barely connate to each other at the

base. The proportionately small petals are transversely oblong. The lip is round

and shallowly concave with a pair of erect lamellae below the middle.

344. Stelis genychila Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 354, 1956.

Ety.: From the Greek genycheila , “with chin-like lip,” referring to the downward sloping base.

Plant small to medium in size, normally epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, fasciculate, 2-8 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and 1-2 others at the base.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, 4-10 cm long, including a petiole

ca. 1 cm long, the blade 1-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested,

simultaneously several- or many-flowered raceme, 6-17 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long,

from below the apex of the ramicaul, with a spathe 7-10 mm long; floral bracts tubular, obtuse, 4 mm

long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; flowers nutant; sepals tan to purple-brown, expanded,

minutely pubescent within, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate below the middle, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long,

3.4 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 3.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-(4-)veined; petals

orange, transversely oblong, rounded on the ends, thickened centrally with thinner margin, 1.3 mm long,

2.6 mm wide, 3-veined; lip orange, thick, subquadrate, 0.9 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1.5 mm deep, the apex

subacute, shield-shaped, shallowly concave to either side of a thickened center, the margin of the bar

with a rounded recess, convex on either side, the dorsum subquadrate, sloping downward, the base broad¬

ly truncate, hinged to an elongated base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across

expanded stigmatic lobes, the anther and the stigma apical, the lobes of the stigma widely expanded.

COLOMBIA: Cauca: near the community of El Tambo, in woods toward Munchique, alt. 2300 m, 24

Oct. 1936, K. von Sneidem 1095 (Holotype of S. genychila : S).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: terrestrial on road cut above Campamento Guarumales, alt. 1830 m, 23

May 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta & L. Morocho 15227 (MO); Chiguinda, alt. 1800 m, flowered

in cultivation by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 2 May 2004, A. Hirtz 8730 (MO); Macas, collected and cultiva-

ed by Eduardo Sanchez in Cuenca, A. Hirtz 8856 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Zamora, alt. 1200 m, flowered in cultivation by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 2 Feb.

2002, A. Hirtz 8025 (MO).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This attractive species was described from a collection from southern Colombia,

but is better known from several collections from southeastern Ecuador. The spe¬

cies is distinguished by narrowly oblong leaves and a congested raceme of brownish

flowers. The lateral sepals are larger than the dorsal sepal, and they spread 180°

opposite each other. Most remarkable is the pair of huge petals that are more than

twice as large as the lip. The margins of the petals are thin without marginal thick¬

ening. The lip is shield-shaped with the dorsum deflexed beneath the column. The

stigmatic lobes of the column overlie the petals,

345. Stelis juninensis Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 117: 21, 1916.

Ety.: Named for the Peruvian province Junm where the species was collected.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 9-10 cm long, enclosed

by a loose, tubular sheath on the middle third and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

elliptical, petiolate, with the apex acute to subacute, 10-12 cm long including the petiole 1-1.5 cm long,

1.5-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, secund, subdense, successively

multiflowered raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 12-14 cm long including the peduncle ca.

3 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts tubular, oblique, acute, 5-6 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long; ovary curved, 2 mm long;

flowers nutant; sepals glabrous and dark purple externally, purple above the middle within, gray below

the middle, the dorsal sepal ejjiptical-ovate, obtuse, 6.5-7.5 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate

basally to the laterals for 1-1.5 mm, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, with the apex decurved, subacute,

6-7.5 mm long, 4-4.25 mm wide, connate basally 1 mm, more or less held forward; petals dull gray-

purple, thick, transversely oblong, subverrucose, 0.8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex broadly subtrun¬

cate with the thickening vaguely delineated; lip dull gray-purple, subquadrate, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm

wide, 0.4 mm deep, the apex triangular, acute, concave, the bar with an elevated, rounded, marginal

callus, the dorsum with a midline callus that merges with the shortly pubescent base, the base truncate,

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the stigmatic lobes triangular

and protuberant laterally, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical.

PERU: Junm: Huancayo, Valley of Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, alt. 2400 m, Mar. 1913, A.

Weberbauer 6534 (Holotype destroyed at B: Lectotype here designated, AMES).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: forest along new road west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1900 m, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 13935 (MO).

This species is uncommon, known from central Peru, where it was first collected

by Weberbauer, and eastcentral Ecuador. It is characterized by a large habit with

the large-flowered raceme exceeding the elliptical, petiolate leaf. The sepals are

ovate with the laterals, barely connate at the base, are more or less directed forward.

The thick, transversely oblong petals are faintly verrucose without a clear demarca¬

tion of a thickened apical margin. The lip is longer than broad with an acute, tri¬

angular apex.

346., 346a. Stelis nexipous Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 18: 194, 1958.

Ety.: From the Greek nexipous , “web-footed,” referring to the shape of the flower.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, very slender. Ramicauls erect, stout,

4-12 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-11 cm long, 0.8-2 cm wide,

contracted below into a slender petiole 1-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence an erect, congested, secund, many-

flowered raceme with several to many, nutant, overlapping flowers open simultaneously, 10-30 cm long

including the peduncle 2-4 cm long, subtended by a spathe 1-1.5 cm long, from an annulus below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 2-5 mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm

long; sepals glabrous and shiny purple externally, olive green to red-purple within, occasionally yellow,

microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal deeply connate for 5-6 mm to the lateral sepals to

form a 3-lobed, flat, flabellate flower 11-12 mm long, 11-13 mm wide, the dorsal sepal obovate, obtuse,

9-11 mm long, 5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals obliquely oblong, 8 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-

veined, connate basally for 1-2 mm; petals purple, transversely oblong, 0.6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-

veined, broadly rounded at the apex, with the margin broadly thickened, shallowly concave below; lip

purple, ovoid, 0.9 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the apex obtuse, minutely apiculate, shallowly

concave before a bar that is elevated centrally with a small glenion, the dorsum with a broad, microscop¬

ically pubescent, low callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm

long, 1.2 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

ECUADOR: Pastaza: Mera, toward Mangayacu, alt. ca. 1100 m, 7 Mar. 1956, E. Asplund 19638

(Holotype of S. nexipous : S; Isotype: AMES); north of Mera, alt. 1350 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11197 (MO); Rio Negro, alt. 1350 m, 13 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & C. Dodson 2021

(MO).

Napo: between Hollin and Loreto, alt. 1000 m, Nov. 1988, A. Hirtz 3928 (MO).

Tungurahua: Rio Anzu, alt. 1150 m, 20 July 2004, A. Hirtz 8773 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 1900-2000 m, 22 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L.

Andersson 12740 (GB); Rio Yanguza, between Limon and Rio Zamora, alt. 1200 m, 22 Oct. 1999, A.

Hirtz 7045 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Chuchumbletza, alt. 1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz etal. 13560 (MO).

Loja: road to TV antenna east of Yangana, alt. 2480 m, 4 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D. D’Aless¬

andro & S. Dalstrom 7177 (SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1750 m, 18 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppe-

sen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 3771 (AAU, SEL); between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1400 m, 29 Sept. 1961,

C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 814 (SEL); pass between Loja and Zamora, Sept. 1980, C. Luer & J. Luer

5516 (SEL); Quebrada Honda, alt. 1600 m, 6 Apr. 1982, S. Dalstrom 185 (SEL); along Rio Zamora, west

of Zamora, alt. 1500 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 11954 (MO); south of the pass

south of Yangana toward Valladolid, alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J.

Kuijt 9622 (MO); along Rio Zamora west of Zamora, alt. 1500 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & A. Embree 12033 (MO).

This species, relatively frequent in southeastern Ecuador, is not remarkably

different vegetatively from many other species of the genus. Florally, there is

marked variation. In the raceme, nutant flowers are borne facing in one direction

and overlapping in two ranks. The deep connation between the lateral sepals and the

dorsal sepal, and the shallow connation between the lateral sepals below the central

apparatus into a flat, three-lobed fan-shaped flower is distinctive, but in various

dimensions. A small variation with flowers half the dimensions given in the de¬

scription is illustrated in Figure 346a. Although basically similar, the details of the

lip vary markedly.

347., 347a. Stelis steganopus Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 183, 1980.

Ety.: From the Greek steganopous , "sheath-footed," referring to the ramicauls.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 5-8 cm long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-10 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, contracted

below into a petiole ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme

with many flowers open simultaneously, 5-8 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, subtended by

a spathe ca. 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3

mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; flowers dark purple, suffused with olive; sepals

glabrous externally, microscopically pubescent within, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacute, 3-4 mm long,

2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1.5 mm to the lateral sepals to form a 3-lobed, expanded, flabellate

flower, the lateral sepals obliquely ovate, subacute, 3-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 0.5

mm basally to each other; petals purple, transversely oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, 0.6 mm long,

0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, shallowly concave; lip purple, elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 1.75 mm long, 1 mm

wide, 0.3 mm deep, with thick, basal margins that converge into an elevated, shallowly cleft callus, the

base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obso¬

lescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, southwest of Rio Itzintza, without altitude or

date, Camp E-1299 (Holotype: NY); Pangui Alto, alt. 1200 m, flowered in cultivation by Ecuagenera,

Gualaceo, July 2004, A. Hirtz 8792 (MO).

Pastaza: in forest being logged, 20 km east of Puyo, alt. ca. 1000 m, 3 Aug. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & J.

Brenner 1810A (SEL).

This rare species is apparently endemic on the lower, eastern slopes of central

Ecuador. Among the species of this section, it is most closely related to the rela¬

tively frequent Stelis nexipous Garay, the two species being published side by side

in 1980 by Leslie Garay. Stelis steganopus is characterized by a smaller habit,

shorter racemes, and smaller flowers. As with the other species, the dorsal sepal is

deeply connate to the lateral sepals while they are practically free from each other.

The petals are minute. The lip is obovate and obtuse with an elevated, basal callus

formed by converging margins.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 347. Stelis steganopus

Fig. 347a. Stelis steganopus

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

3. STELIS Sect. STELIS

Stelis sect. Stelis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 254, 1807.

Type: Stelis ophioglossoides (Jacq.) Sw.

Syn.: Dialissa Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 107, 1845.

Type: Dialissa pulchella Lindl.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Dialissa (Lindl) Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 2, 1858.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Trivalves Rchb.f., Walp. Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 199, 1861, invalidly published.

Ety.: From the Latin trivalvis, " three-valved," referring to the three sepals.

Lectotype: Stelis major Rchb.f., designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9):

179, 1980.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Patuliflorae Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Nov. 2: 82, 1882.

Ety.: From the Latin patuliflorus, "with patulous flowers," referring to the same.

Lectotype: Stelis megantha Barb.Rodr., designated by Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 15: 62, 1986.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Distichae Lindl. ex Cogn. in Martius, FI. Bras. 3(4): 343, 1896.

Ety.: From the Latin distichus, "in two opposite rows," referring to the inflorescence.

Lectotype: Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl., designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.

27(7-9): 179, 1980.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Eustelis Lindl. ex Cogn. in Martius, FI. Bras. 3(4): 345, 1896.

Ety.: From the Greek prefix eu -, "good," suggesting the genuine Stelis. r

Type: Stelis ophioglossoides (Jacq.) Sw.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Monostachyae Lindl. ex Cogn. in Martius, FI. Bras. 3(4): 344, 1896.

Ety.: From the Greek monostachys, "single spike," referring to the inflorescence.

Lectotype: Stelis argentata Lindl., designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9):

180, 1980.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Polystachyae Lindl. ex Cogn. in Martius, FI. Bras. 3(4): 343, 1896.

Ety.: From the Greek polystachys , "many spikes," referring to the inflorescence.

Lectotype: Stelis hylophila Rchb.f., designated by Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

15: 62, 1986.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Chasmostelis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 18, 1923.

Ety.: From the Greek chasma , "a gaping hole," and Stelis referring to the deeply excavate lip.

Type: Stelis despectans Schltr.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Stelis Sw. sensu Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 350, 1956,

Type: Stelis trigoniflora (Sw.) Garay.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Papulosae Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956,

Ety.: From the Latin papulosus "papular ," referring to the floral parts.

Lectotype: Stelis trigoniflora (Sw.) Garay, designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.

26: 25, 1978.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Fissae Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956,

Ety.: From the Latin fissus, "cleft," referring to the sepals.

Lectotype: Stelis papaquerensis Rchb.f., designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.

27(7-9): 179, 1980.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Dialissa (Lindl.) Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956.

Bas.: Dialissa Lindl.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Concavae Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956,

Ety.: From the Latin concavus, "concave," referring to the lip.

Lectotype: Stelis oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard

Univ. 27(7-9): 180, 1980.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Distinctae Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 351, 1956,

Ety.: From the Latin distinctus , "distinct," referring to a quality of the plant.

Lectotype: Stelis aprica Lindl., designated by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9):

180, 1980.

Syn.: Stelis subgen. Stellata Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 179, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin stellatus, "stellate," referring to the flowers.

Type: Stelis trigoniflora (Sw.) Garay.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

101

Syn.: Stelis sect. Pedales Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 179, 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin pedalis , "a foot long," referring to a long column-foot.

Type: Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Rhomboideae Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 179, 1980.

Ety.: From the Greek rhombeus , "rhombic," referring to the lip.

Type: Stelis rhomboidea Garay.

Syn.: Stelis sect. Isochilae Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 180, 1980.

Ety.: From the Greek isochilos "with an equal lip," referring to the flower.

Type: Stelis apiculata Lindl.

Syn.: Apatostelis Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27(7-9): 185, 1980.

Type: Stelis hylophila Rchb.f.

As typified by Stelis ophioglossoides (Jacq.) Sw., Stelis sect. Stelis is distin¬

guished by more or less similar sepals that are free or variously connate without a

synsepal. Species with widely expanded and more or less flat flowers are distin¬

guished from those species with lateral sepals that are antrorse, that is, directed

forwardly, suggesting a "pseudo-synsepal." Taxa with these antrorse sepals were

treated as Stelis sect. Labiatae in Parts One and Two (Luer, 2004, 2006), follow¬

ing Lindley. Lateral sepals held in apposition, or are connivent or connate into a

synsepal, are found in Stelis sect. Humboldtia. Assigning some of these species to

one key or another is difficult, sometimes prone to error, and open to discussion,

because of individual variations, and often ill-defined criteria for the keys.

The species of Stelis sect. Stelis are sorted into five keys. The mainly caespi-

tose species are sorted into the first four. Caespitose species with expanded sepals

are the most numerous, so they are sorted into three keys, depending upon the size

of mature plants. KEY VI contains the smallest species that are less than five

centimeters tall exclusive of an inflorescence. KEY VII contains the great number

of middle-sized species between five and ten centimeters tall, and the largest ones

more than ten centimeters tall constitute KEY VIII. Caespitose species with

antrorse lateral sepal are fewer in number, and are found in KEY IX. The last

key, or KEY X, contains all the non-caespitose species, such as repent, scandent,

or prolific species, and with more or less similar sepals regardless of the position

of the lateral sepals.

These keys are keys to identification, not for classification. Although more

closely allied species tend to appear in the same key, the keys are purely artificial.

Fory-three species of Stelis sect. Stelis with more or less flat and widely ex¬

panded flowers are small and less than five centimeters tall, excluding the inflor¬

escence. They are listed below, followed by their appearance within the leones

Pleurothallidinarum series.

Stelis aliquantula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 224., S. vesca

Stelis apiculifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 351.

Stelis brevissimicaudata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 231.

Stelis calantha Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 136.

Stelis calothece Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 78., as S. porphyrea

Stelis capitata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 139.

Stelis ciliatissima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 142.

Stelis coarctata Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 358.

102

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis concinna Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 67., S. longihirta

Stelis copiosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 236.

Stelis crossota Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 240.

Stelis cutucuensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 45.

Stelis discoidea Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 151.

Stelis esmeraldae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 153a.

Stelis gemmulosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 156.

Stelis glaberrima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 61.

Stelis glanduligera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 157.

Stelis globulifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 62.

Stelis guianensis Rolfe, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 40., as S. apiculifera

Stelis hallii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 291., as S. stormii\ Part

Four, Fig. 291a., 291b.

Stelis hydroidea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 159.

Stelis hymenopetala Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 254., S.

sanctae-rosae

Stelis intonsa Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 163., S. hydroidea

Stelis lentiginosa Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 384.

Stelis levicula Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 258.

Stelis limbata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 260.

Stelis longihirta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 67., S. concinna

Stelis longissima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 68., S. exilis

Stelis maloi Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 389.

Stelis micacea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 70.

Stelis microchila Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 391.

Stelis opimipetala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 176.

Stelis orbiculata Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 275., S. vesca

Stelis ortegae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 73., S. globulifera

Stelis paulula Luer & H.P.Jesup, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 278.

Stelis phil-jesupii Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 75.

Stelis pilosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 76., S. pilosissima

Stelis pilosissima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 76., as S. pilosa

Stelis porphyrea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 78., S. calothece

Stelis prava Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 184.

Stelis pusilla Kunth, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 405., 405a., 405b.

Stelis sanctae-rosae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 83.

Stelis schistochila Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 190.

Stelis sororcula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 290.

Stelis stormii Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 291.. S. hallii

Stelis translucens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 298.

Stelis tumida Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 195., S. hydroidea

Stelis umbonis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 303.

Stelis uniflora Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 304.

Stelis vesca Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 89.

Stelis viamontis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 196.

Stelis yanganensis, Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 91; Part

Three, Fig. 288. as smilis.

Stelis zamorae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 306.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

103

KEY VI: The caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis less than 5 cm tall

and with widely spread, more or less fiat flowers.

1 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

2 Leaves erect, broadly elliptical, overlapping, on ramicauls ca. 1 mm long

. S. coarctata

2’ Leaves not erect and not broadly elliptical, sessile and overlapping

3 Inflorescence 1-flowered. S. uniflora

3’ Inflorescence racemose

4 Mature raceme shorter than or equal to the leaf in length

5 Sepals ca. 1 mm long; petals 1-veined. S. glanduligera

5’ Sepals 3-4 mm long; petals 3-veined

6 Lip flat without a glenion. S. opimipetala

6’ Lip shallowly concave with a large glenion. S. esmeraldae

4’ Mature raceme longer than the leaf

7 Lip with the apex apiculate

8 Petals 1-veined

9 Lip with a short, acute apiculum. S. apiculifera

9’ Lip with a short, obtuse apiculum (sometimes nearly absent)

10 Sepals with a thick margin. S. limbata

10’ Sepals without a thick margin. S. pusilla

8’ Petals 3-veined

11 sepals long-ciliate within the margins. S. crossota

11 ’ sepals pubescent or glabrous, not long-ciliate within the margins

12 Sepals pubescent; leaves less than 3 mm wide. S. guianansis

12’ Sepals shortly pubescent or glabrous; leaves 5-10 mm wide. S. calothece

7’ Lip with the apex not apiculate

13 Sepals with thickened margins

14 Sepals broadly obtuse with thick, acuminate tips. S. brevissimicaudata

14’ Sepals thin with thickened margins, not with thick, acuminate tips.

. S. limbata

13’ Sepals not with thickened margins

15 Sepals conspicuously ciliate or pubescent

16 Petals 1-veined

17 Raceme longer than the leaf, flexuous; lip obovoid, widest at the

truncate apex. S. concinna

17’ Raceme shorter than the leaf, strict or subflexuous; lip not obovoid

18 Sepals densely pubescent; lip 3-lobed. S. microchila

18’ Sepals ciliate-pubescent; lip rounded at the apex, not 3-lobed

19 Sepals densely capitate-pubescent. S. capitata

19’ Sepals ciliate, marginally pubescent. S. gemmulosa

16’ Petals 3-veined

20 Raceme flexuous; petals thick. S. esmeraldae

20’ Raceme strict; petals thin

21 Dorsal sepal 4 mm long. S. pilosissima

21’ Dorsal sepal 1.75 mm long.5. sanctae-rosae

15’ Sepals glabrous or minutely pubescent, not conspicuously ciliate

104

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

22 Petals 1-veined

23 Petals ciliate-papillose

24 Petals densely ciliate-pubescent. S. ciliatissima

24’ Petals cellular-papillose. S. viamontis

23’ Petals not ciliate-papillose

25 Sepals less than 1.5 mm long. S. micacea

25’ Sepals 2 mm long or longer

26 Lip obpyriform, longer than wide, type-B. S. lentiginosa

26’ Lip short, wider than long, type-A

27 Anther cap proportionately large, papillose. S. copiosa

27’ Anther cap neither proportionately large, nor papillose

28 Plant more than 4 cm tall. S. hallii

28’ Plant up to 2.5 cm tall. S. vesca

22’ Petals 3-veined

29 Lip modifications of type-B

30 Lip shallowly concave, discoid.5. discoidea

30’ Lip deeply concave, not discoid.5. maloi

29’ Lip modifications of type-A

31 Lip with the dorsal callus long-pubescent. S. hydroidea

31 ’ Lip with the dorsal callus only short-pubescent or glabrous

32 Raceme densely flowered with flowers overlapping

33 Sepals minutely pubescent; petals with a thick transverse callus.

. S. calantha

33’ Sepals glabrous; petals without a transverse callus. S. hydroidea

32’ Raceme subdensely flowered to lax, with flowers not overlapping

34 Inflorescence less than 6 cm long

35 Leaves less than 5 mm wide

36 Rachis flexuous; petals with a transverse callus.5. sororcula

36’ Rachis subflexuous, nearly strict; petals without a transverse

callus. S. cutucuensis

35’ Leaves ca. 1 cm wide

37 Rachis subflexuous; dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 3 mm wide.

. S . zamorae

37’ Rachis strict; dorsal sepals 4.5 mm long, 5 mm wide.

.. S. translucens

34’ Inflorescence more than 5 cm long

38 Raceme weak, flexible; dorsal sepal cellular-pubescent, 1 mm

. S. paulula

38’ Raceme not weak and flexible; dorsal sepal, glabrous, more than

1.5 mm long

39 Plant up to 2.5 cm tall. S. vesca

39’ Plant more than 3.5 cm tall. S. yanganensis

V Dorsal sepal 5- to 7-veined, sometimes incompletely veined

40 Dorsal sepal circular, much larger than a lateral sepal. S. phil-jesupii

40’ Dorsal sepal not circular and larger than a lateral sepal

STELIS OF ECUADOR

105

41 Dorsal sepal connate half length to lateral sepals, lateral sepals short, oblique

much wider than long. S. prava

AY Sepals not as above

42 Dorsal sepal ovate, longer than wide, lip with transverse cleft. S. schistochila

42’ Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, as wide as or wider than long; lip not cleft

43 Leaves less than 5 mm wide. S. levicula

43’ Leaves 7-12 mm wide

44 Lip with protruding bar and glenion, with the dorsum curving downward

without a callus. S. glaberrima

44’ Lip with one callus on the dorsum, not curving downward

45 Petals obtuse with a transverse callus. S. umbonis

45’ Petals thickly oblong without a transverse callus. S. globulifera

The following 68 species of Stelis sect. Stelis with more or less flat, widely

expanded flowers constitute the middle-sized species between five centimeters and

ten centimeters tall, excluding the inflorescence. They are listed below, followed

by their appearance within the leones Pleurothallidinarum series.

Stelis aclyda Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 348.

Stelis adinostachya Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 223.

Stelis alternans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 132., 132a.

Stelis argentata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 353., 353a.

Stelis atrocaerulea Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 229.

Stelis azuayensis Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 354.

Stelis barbimentosa Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 230.

Stelis bermejoensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 133.

Stelis bicolor Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 134.

Stelis braccata Rchb.f. & Warsz., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 355.

Stelis brachyrachis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 135.

Stelis calyptrata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 138.

Stelis caroliae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 140.

Stelis carta Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 356.

Stelis cavernula Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 233.

Stelis ciliolata Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 143.

Stelis complanata Luer & F.Werner, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 360.

Stelis copiosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 236., 236a.

Stelis coracina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 237.

Stelis cotyligera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 148.

Stelis decurva Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 150.

Stelis discolor Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 363.

Stelis discophylla Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 364.

Stelis distans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 49.

Stelis diversifolia Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 246.

Stelis dolichantha Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 247.

Stelis esmeraldae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 153.

106

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis espinosae Luer & Endara, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 367.

Stelis eublepharis Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 368.

Stelis exacta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 154.

Stelis exilis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 54.

Stelis gemma Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 372.

Stelis hallii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 291. as stormii; Part Four,

Fig. 291a., 291b.

Stelis hirtella (Garay) Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 375.

Stelis hydroidea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 159.

Stelis imbricans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 160.

Stelis impostor Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 162.

Stelis jamesonii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 378.

Stelis janus Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 255.

Stelis kentii Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 379.

Stelis lepidella Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 257.

Stelis liberalis Luer & Portillo, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 166.

Stelis limbata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 260.

Stelis loxensis Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 386.

Stelis lugoi Luer & Endara, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 387.

Stelis madsenii Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 263.

Stelis majorella Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 388.

Stelis mendozae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 172.

Stelis milagrensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 266.

Stelis mundula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 174.

Stelis muscifera Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 394.

Stelis papulina Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 178.

Stelis peduncularis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 179.

Stelis polyantha Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 182.

Stelis procera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 79., S. viridibrunnea

Stelis purpurella Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 82.

Stelis pusilla Kunth, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 405., 405a., 405c.

Stelis remifolia Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, ,Fig. 187.

Stelis rotunda Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 189.

Stelis serra Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 411.

Stelis similis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 288., S. yanganensis

Stelis stevensonii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 193.

Stelis tanythrix Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 294.

Stelis tortuosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 194., S. mendozae

Stelis translucens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 298.

Stelis tricardium Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 415.

Stelis tridactyloides Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 86.

Stelis undulata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 87.

Stelis viridibrunnea Lehm. & Kraenzl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 79., as S.

procera

Stelis yanganensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 91.; Part

Three, Fig. 288. as similis.

STELIS OF ECUADOR 107

KEY VII: The medium-size, caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis between 5 and 10

cm tall and with widely spread, more or less fiat flowers.

1 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

2 Mature inflorescence shorter than the leaf

3 Leaf narrow, ca. 5 mm wide or less

4 Sepals deeply concave below the middle; lip type A, apiculate. S. calyptrata

4’ Sepals not concave below the middle; lip type B, not apiculate. S. braccata

3’ Leaf broadly elliptical, ca. 3 cm wide. S. discophylla

T Mature inflorescence as long as, or longer than the leaf

5 Sepals visibly ciliate or pubescent

6 Petals 1-veined

7 Peduncle elongated, compressed. S. complanata

T Peduncle short to long, terete

8 Lip with a short, sharp apiculum, type-A. S. mendozae

8’ Lip broadly obtuse or round without an apiculum

9 Pubescence with long, thin hairs; lip type-A. S. tanythrix

9’ Pubescence with short, thick hairs; lip type-B

10 Raceme to 20 cm long; lip shallowly discoid. S. polyantha

10’ Raceme to 10 cm long; lip concave above the middle. S. decurva

6’ Petals 3-veined

11 Floral bracts projecting beyond the flower

12 Floral bracts 5 mm long below; lip type-A, shallowly concave within the

apex. S. loxensis

12’ Floral bracts 7 mm long below; lip type-B, concave above the middle.

. S. serra

11 ’ Floral bracts not projecting beyond the flower

13 Sepals pubescent or ciliate with long, thin hairs

14 Raceme lax, subflexuous; sepals long-ciliate; lip with protruding bar

. S. majorella

14’ Raceme not lax and subflexuous; sepals not long-ciliate

15 Raceme crowded, strict, with overlapping flowers; lip type-A

. S. adinostachya

15’ Raceme subdense, subflexuous

16 Lip elongated, protruding, type-B. S. stevensonii

16’ Lip not elongated and protruding, type-C

17 Lip with base shortly deflexed; column elongated with stigma entire

. S. hirtella

17’ Lip with base deeply deflexed and pubescent; column short with the

stigma bilobed. S. eublepharis

13’ Sepals with pubescence or cilia not long and thin

18 Mature leaves less than 8 mm wide; inflorescence to 30 cm long. S. exilis

18’ Mature leaves ca. 1 cm wide or more; inflorescence less than 30 cm long

19 Lip with a bar, callous on the dorsum (type-A)

20 Lateral sepals much shorter than the dorsal sepal; petals much larger

than the lip. S. esmeraldae

20’ Lateral sepals as long as the dorsal sepal; petals about as large as the

lip. S. azuayensis

108

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

19’ Lip with the bar broadly curved from apex to base, with a long glenion,

the base pubescent (type-C)

21 Lip with the rounded margin apiculate

22 Sepals deeply cordate, free to near the base. S. tricardium

22’ Sepals ovate, connate in lower third. S. argentata

21’ Lip with the rounded margin smooth. S. viridibrunnea

5’ Sepals glabrous or microscopically pubescent

23 Petals 1-veined

24 Lip with apical margin entire

25 Sepals subcircular; anther cap proportionately large. S. copiosa

25’ Sepals ovate; anther cap not proportionately large

26 Sepals with sides revolute. S. caroliae

26’ Sepals with sides not revolute

27 Lip subdiscoid, modified type-B, with an elongated glenion.

. S. barbimentosa

27’ Lip type-A with a short glenion. S. hallii

24’ Lip with an apiculum

28 Lip with an acute, triangular apiculum. S. exacta

28’ Lip with a short, obtuse apiculum

29 Sepals slightly concave with thickened margins. S. limbata

29’ Sepals not with thickened margins

30 Sepals elliptical, shallowly connate. S. liberalis

30’ Sepals broadly ovate, connate to near the middle

31 Sepals less than 1.5 mm long, usually white or pale yellow. S. pusilla

31’ Sepals ca. 2.5 mm long, usually dark purple. S. atrocaerulea

23’ Petals 3-veined

32 Peduncle as long as, or longer than the leaf

33 Inflorescence distantly flowered

34 Petals with a transverse callus; lip without an apiculum. S. dolichantha

34 Petals without a transverse callus; lip with an apiculum. S. kentii

33’ Inflorescence lax to congested

35 Sepals shallowly connate, convex with recurved sides. S. tridactyloides

35’ Sepals not shallowly connate and convex with recurved sides

36 Petals with a transverse carina

37 Lip with a long-villous callus on the dorsum. S. hydroidea

37’ Lip without a long-villous callus on the dorsum

38 Sepals broader than long; lip with 3 calli on the dorsum.

. S. peduncularis

38’ Sepals longer than broad; lip with 1 callus on the dorsum.

. S. yanganensis

36’ Petals without a transverse carina

39 Raceme densely flowered; lip with a short, obtuse apiculum. S. bicolor

39’ Raceme loosely flowered; lip without an apiculum

40 Raceme flexuous with elongated pedicels; lip discoid, longer than wide

. S. jamesonii

40’ Raceme strict, not with elongated pedicels; lip wider than long.

. S. viridibrunea

32’ Raceme elongate, but peduncle shorter than the leaf.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

109

41 Raceme densely flowered, flowers mostly touching one another

42 Flowers facing in same direction

43 Lip type-A with a dorsal callus. S. imbricans

43’ Lip modifications of type-B with the dorsum pubescent

44 Lip not concave, the bar flat. S. altemans

44’ Lip shallowly concave within the margins, the bar convex. S. discolor

42’ Flowers facing in opposite directions

45 Sepals ca. 5 mm long. S. coracina

45’ Sepals ca. 2 mm long. S. aclyda

41’ Raceme lax to subdensely flowered, flowers not touching one another

46 Lateral sepals connate half their length with apices not diverging... S. distorts

46’ Lateral sepals variously connate with the apices diverging

47 Sepals deeply connate, broader than long

48 Leaf more than 1 cm wide; lip tricallous on the dorsum. S. mundula

48’ Leaf less than 0.5 cm wide; lip with a single callus on the dorsum.

. S. purpurella

47’ Sepals not deeply connate and broader than long

49 Lip deeply excavate with obtusely angled margins. S. cavemula

49’ Lip not excavate with obtusely angled margins

50 Lip with a cavity defined by broad, incurved margins, the dorsum with

a small, erect callus at the base. S. diversifolia

50’ Lip not like the above

51 Lip with the margin broad, half the length of the depth, with the bar

potuberant. S. rotunda

51’ Lip not like the above.

52 Leaf linear, ca. 0.5 cm wide. S. lugoi

52’ Leaf elliptical, more than 0.5 cm wide.

53 Sepals 4-5 mm long and wide. S. translucens

53’ Sepals 2-2.5 mm long

54 Sepals with narrowly incurved margins. S. madsenii

54’ Sepals without narrowly incurved margins. S. yanganensis

V Dorsal sepal 5- or more-veined

55 Mature inflorescence shorter than the leaf

56 Plant pendent; dorsal sepal smaller than a lateral sepal. S. gemma

56’ Plant not pendent; dorsal sepal not smaller than a lateral sepal

57 Sepals ciliate-pubescent; lip with the apex broadly rounded. S. brachyrachis

57’ Sepals glabris; lip with the apex triangular, obtuse. S. espinosae

55’ Mature inflorescence longer than the leaf

58 Sepals ciliate

59 Floral bracts conspicuously large and undulate. S. undulata

59’ Floral bracts neither conspicuously large nor undulate

60 Sepals with narrowly thickened margins; lip apiculate. S. ciliolata

60’ Sepals not with narrowly thickened margins; lip not apiculate. S. impostor

58’ Sepals not ciliate

61 Sepals papular at the tips. S. papulina

61’ Sepals not papular at the tips

110

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

62 Lip minutely apiculate

63 Leaf broadly obovate, round at the apex. S. remifolia

63’ Leaf not broadly obovate and round at the apex

64 Sepals pubescent. S. argentata

64’ Sepals glabrous

65 Flowers congested and simultaneous. S. milagrensis

65’ Flowers distant, successive. S. bermejoensis

62’ Lip smooth, not minutely apiculate

66 Leaves spathulate, round at the apex

67 Raceme flexuous, lax. S. lepidella

67’ Racene strict, congested with flowers in 2 opposite facing rows. S. janus

66’ Leaves elliptical; lip not concave behind a broad margin

68 Sepals recurved; lip deeply concave with the bar thin. S. cotyligera

68’ Sepals not recurved; lip concave with the bar thick

69 Rachis flexuous, loosely flowered. S. carta

69’ Rachis strict, densely flowered. S. muscifera

The 80 species of Stelis sect. Stelis with more or less flat, widely expanded

flowers and taller than ten centimeters are considered large, even if the plant is

slender. They are listed below, followed by their appearance within the leones

Pleurothallidinarum series.

Stelis acaroi Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 128.

Stelis adrianae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 39.

Stelis aglochis Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 349.

Stelis amoena Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 38., S. ascendens

Stelis andreettae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 39.

Stelis argentata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 353.

Stelis ascendens Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 38., as S. amoena

Stelis atroviolacea Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 256., as S. lacunata

Stelis attenuata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part 3, Fig. 251., as S. eumeces

Stelis benzingii Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 42.

Stelis bicarinata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 43.

Stelis braccata Rchb.f. & Warsz., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 355.

Stelis calolemma Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 137.

Stelis caroliae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 140.

Stelis cavernosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 141.

Stelis celsa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 234.

Stelis ciliaris Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 357.

Stelis congesta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 44.

Stelis coronaria Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 147.

Stelis crinita Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 239.

Stelis cuencana Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 53„ as S. excavata.

Stelis dalstroemii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 47.

Stelis delicata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 243.

Stelis discolor Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 363.

Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 365.

Stelis elongatissima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 51.

Stelis eumeces Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 251., S. attenuata

STELIS OF ECUADOR

111

Stelis eustylis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 252.

Stelis exasperata Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 52.

Stelis excavata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 53., S. cuencana

Stelis exquisita Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 369.

Stelis fabulosa Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 155.

Stelis flagellaris Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 370.

Stelis flexuosissima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 57.

Stelis floresii Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 58.

Stelis formosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 59.

Stelis gigantea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 60.. S. gigantissima

Stelis gigantissima Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 60., as S. gigantea

Stelis grandibracteata C.Schweinf., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 374.

Stelis hallii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 291. as stormii; Part Four,

Fig. 291a., 291b.

Stelis haltonii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 158.

Stelis hylophila Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 376.

Stelis immodica Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 161.

Stelis jamesonii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 378.

Stelis kuijtii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 65.

Stelis lacunata Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 256., S. atroviolacea

Stelis latimarginata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 165.

Stelis limonensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 66., S. floresii

Stelis litensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 261.

Stelis macrolemma Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 168.

Stelis mammillata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 264.

Stelis medinae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 169.

Stelis megalops Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 170.

Stelis membranacea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 171.

Stelis micropetala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 265.

Stelis millenaria Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 173.

Stelis muscifera Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 394.

Stelis nanegalensis Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 395.

Stelis ninguida Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 272.

Stelis obtecta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 273.

Stelis pachyphyta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 74.

Stelis pan Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 398.

Stelis pixie Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 181.

Stelis platystachya Garay & Dunst., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 400.

Stelis pluriracemosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 239., S. crinita

Stelis polybotrya Lindl. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 401.

Stelis polycarpica Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 77.

Stelis portillae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 183.

Stelis protracta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 80.

Stelis protuberans Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 281; Part

Four, Fig. 281, revised.

Stelis purpurascens A.Rich. & Galeotti, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 297.,

S. thermatica

Stelis ramosii Luer, new sp. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 406.

Stelis riozunagensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 281.,

S.cavernosa

112

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis scalena Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 84.

Stelis scitula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth . 29, Part Three, Fig. 286.

Stelis serrulifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 85.

Stelis strictissima Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 292.

Stelis superbiens Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 414.

Stelis thamiostachya Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 296.

Stelis thermatica Luer & Dodson, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 297.,

S. purpurascens

Stelis tridactylon Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 417.

Stelis triplex Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 301.

Stelis triplicata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 418.

Stelis tristyla Lindl.. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 419.

Stelis undecimi Luer & F.Werner, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 420.

Stelis villifera Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 90.

Stelis wilhelmii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 305.

Stelis ximenae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 197.

Stelis xystophora Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 423.

Stelis zarumae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 92.

KEY VIII: The caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis more than 10 cm tall

and with widely spread, more or less flat flowers.

1 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

2 Inflorescence shorter than the leaf

3 Sepals ciliate, papular, or pubescent

4 Petals 1-veined. S. millinaria

4’ Petals 3- or more veined

5 Sepals fleshy, papillose. S. thamiostachya

5’ Sepals neither fleshy nor papillose

6 Lip with the bar longitudinally bicarinate. S. bicarinata

6’ Lip with the bar not longitudinally bicarinate

7 Leaf abruptly petiolate; lip tridentate with the middle lobe ltriangular.

. S. crinita

T Leaf indistinctly petiolate; lip rounded at the apex. S. ximenae

3’ Sepals glabrous or micropscopically pubescent

8 Petals 1-veined

9 Sepals with sides revolute; petals cellular-papillose; lip with tall bar.

. S. caroliae

9’ Sepals with sides not revolute; petals smooth; lip not with a tall bar

10 Leafless than 1 cm wide; lip longer than wide. S. braccata

10’ Leaf more than 1 cm wide; lip wider than long. S. polybotrya

8’ Petals 3-veined

11 Leaf more than 3 cm wide. S. andreettae

11 ’ Leaf less than 1.5 cm wide

12 Lip with a huge glenion filling the proximal half of the lip. S. megalops

12’ Lip with a small glenion

13 Lip with a triangular apiculum. S. xystophora

13’ Lip with the margin broadl rounded. S. congesta

STELIS OF ECUADOR

113

2’ Inflorescence as long as or longer than the leaf

14 Petals 1-veined

15 Sepals ciliate or pubescent

16 Sepals long-ciliate; lip broadly ovate. ciliaris

16’ Sepals pubescent, grossly to minutely

17 Inflorescence about as long as the leaf

18 Lip with apex triangular, acute.S. haltonii

18’ Lip with apex broadly rounded. S. wilhelmii

17’ Inflorescence much longer than the leaf

19 Inflorescence solitary with peduncle compressed. S. complanata

19’ Inflorescence 1 or more, peduncle not compressed

20 Inflorescence solitary; lateral sepals larger than the dorsal sepal; lip

concave beyond a tall bar..... S. scalena

20’ Inflorescence 1 or more; lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal; lip

without a tall bar.. S. strictissima

15’ Sepals glabrous

21 Inflorescence elongated with the peduncle far exceeding the leaf

22 Leaf obovate, obtuse; sepals narrowly trianglar.. f 4^w»w^^. S. triplex

22’ Leaf linear, acute; sepals broadly ovate.. S. elongatissima

21’ Inflorescence elongated with the peduncle not exceeding the leaf

23 Ramicaul shorter than the subpetiolate leaf; lip with tall bar. S. caroliae

23’ Ramicaul about as long as the petiolate leaf; lip with not with tall bar

24 Sepals markedly recurved.5. hylophila

24’ Sepals not recurved hallii

14’ Petals 3-veined

25 Peduncle and rachis compressed. S. platystachya

25’ Peduncle and rachis terete

26 Floral bracts proportionately large, conspicuous

27 Floral bracts densely imbricating; sepals glabrous....5. disticha

27’ Floral bracts loosely imbricating; sepals pubescent

28 Lip deeply concave with glenion protruding.. calolemma

28’ Lip shallowly concave with glenion not protruding. S. grandibracteata

26’ Floral bracts not large and conspicuous

29 Sepals narrowly oblong-ovate, shallowly connate

30 Sepals without re volute margins; lip apiculate

31 Sepals ca. 8 mm long; lip minutely and sharply apiculate. S.fabulosa

31’ Sepals ca. 3 mm long; lip with a triangular, protruding apiculum.

. S . exquisita

30’ Sepals with revolute margins; lip with margin entire

32 Rachis strict.. 4;^ . tridactylon

32’ Rachis flexuous..^.& flexuosissima

29’ Sepals not narrowly oblong-ovate and shallowly connate

33 Sepals pubescent

34 Sepals with pubescent hairs conspicuous or long

35 Lip short, subdiscoid with the glenion long, narrow. S. ascendens

35’ Lip neither short nor subdiscoid

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ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

36 Lip obtuse with the dorsum broadly callous and pubescent

37 Sepals with pubescent hairs thin, disheveled. S. villifera

37’ Sepals with pubescent hairs dense, straight. S.formosa

36’ Lip not obtuse, not with the dorsum callous and pubescent

38 Lip ovoid, subacute with thick margins with the glenion protruding,

the dorsum with a cruciform callus. S. zarumae

38’ Lip rounded, deeply concave with thin margins, the dorsum with a

single, rounded callus. S. atroviolacea

34’ Sepals with pubescent hairs short.

39 Sepals with a narrow, convex ridge below the middle that creates a

complete circle like a “dam” surrounding the central apparatus.

40 Leaf less than 1.5 cm wide; lip with the margin minutely apiculate

.. S. coronaria

40’ Leaf 2.5-3 cm wide; lip with the margin entire. S. aglochis

39’ Sepals without a circular “dam” around the central apparatus

41 Lip with the margin minutely apiculate, type-C

42 Raceme subdensely flowered; sepals longer than 2 mm. S. argentata

42’ Raceme laxly flowered; sepals less than 1.75 mm long. S. protracta

41’ Lip with the margin entire, type-A

43 Lip short, subdiscoid with the glenion long, narrow. S. eustylis

43’ Lip not as above

44 Lip deeply excavate. S. cuencana

44’ Lip shallowly concave

45 Petals unguiculate without a transverse callus. S. obtecta

45’ Petals with a transverse callus, not unguiculate. S.floresii

33’ Sepals glabrous, microscopically, or inconspicuously pubescent

46 Plant large, ramicauls to 20 cm, leaves to 13 cm, inflorescence to 35 cm.

. S. celsa

46’ Mature plant not as large as above

47 Rachis flexuous

48 Pedicel less than 1 mm long; petals with thick, minutely papillose

margin; lip subquadrate, broader than long. S. exasperata

48’ Pedicel 3-7 mm long; petals thin and concave; lip very short, sub-

discoid, not papillose, deeper than either long or wide. S. jamesonii

47’ Rachis strict

49 Sepals less than 2 mm long; petals ca. 0.5 mm long and wide.

. S. micropetala

49’ Sepals more than 2 mm long; petals ca. 1 mm or more wide

50 Petals with a broad, flat, minutely papillose margin. S. delicata

50’ Petals without a broad, flat, minutely papillose margin

51 Lip with a huge glenion filling proximal half of lip. S. megalops

51 ’ Lip without a huge glenion filling half the lip

52 Lip thinly discoid with a long glenion. S. discolor

52’ Lip thick, without a long glenion, type-A

53 Lip with the margin broad, rounded, with the bar protuberant.

. S. congesta

53’ Lip with the margin thin, with the bar not protuberant.... S. medinae

STELIS OF ECUADOR

115

1’ Dorsal sepal 5- or more veined

54 Dorsal sepal 5-veined

55 Sepals ciliate, papillose, or pubescent

56 Lateral sepals suboblong, 180° opposite dorsal sepal, more or less parallel

57 Sepals densely short-pubescent. S. adrianae

57’ Sepals papillose. S. pan

56’ Lateral sepals not suboblong and parallel

58 Lip with the apex minutely 3-apiculate

59 Flowers distant from rachis, with ovaries 5 mm long. S. benzingii

59’ Flowers close to rachis, with ovaries 2 mm long. S. serrulifera

58’ Lip with the apex entire

60 Lip deeply concave, “inflated,” with thin margin. S. ramosii

60’ Lip shallowly concave with dorsum callous, type-A.

61 Sepals convex with recurved margins

62 Sepals ca. 3 mm long; petals unguiculate. S. medinae

62’ Sepals ca. 6 mm long; petals sessile. S. acaroi

61’ Sepals with or without margins slightly recurved

63 Sepals broadly ovate, at least as wide as long. S. purpurascens

63’ Sepals ovate, slightly longer than wide

64 Raceme demsely flowered except toward the base; sepals and petals

more or less triangular. S. attenuata

64’ Raceme subdensely flowered; sepals and petals broadly ovate.

. S. floresii

55’ Sepals glabrous, or inconspicuously very shortly pubescent

65 Inflorescence shorter, to as long as the leaf

66 Rachis flexuous, loosely flowered. S. litensis

66’ Rachis neither flexuous nor loosely flowered

67 Sepals ovate, ca. 2 mm long. S. pixie

67’ Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 5 mm long. S. ninguida

65’ Inflorescence distinctly longer than the leaf

68 Plant robust with thick, conduplicate leaves 4-7 cm wide. S. pachyphyta

68’ Plant not with thick, conduplicate leaves 4-7 cm wide

69 Floral bracts dilated, as large as the accompanying flower. S. macrolemma

69’ Floral bracts not as large as the accompanying flower

70 Lip with the apex acute

71 Raceme closely flowered, in 2 opposite facing ranks. S. dalstroemii

71’ Raceme subdensely flowered, not in 2 opposite facing ranks... S. immodica

70’ Lip with the apex obtuse or rounded

72 Lip with the margin apiculate

73 Lip with a single apiculum. S. superbiens

73’ Lip triapiculate. S. nanegalensis

IT Lip entire

116

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

74 Sepals transversely ovate, broader than long, deeply connate

75 Raceme congested; floral bracts conspicuous, up to 6 mm long low in

the raceme.

76 Lip with a deep cavity replacing a glenion. S. cavernosa

76’ Lip not with a deep cavity replacing a glenion.

77 Leaf usually less than 3 cm wide. S. muscifera

77’ Leaf usually more than 3 cm wide. S. tristyla

75’ Raceme lax; floral bracts not conspicuous, 3 mm long low in the

raceme. S. membranacea

74’ Sepals ovate, not broader than long

78 Leaf less than 3 cm wide

79 Leaf shorter than the ramicaul; lip with the bar protuberant.

. S. mammillata

79’ Leaf as long as, or longer than the ramicaul; lip not with the bar

protuberant

80 Sepals abruptly convex and protuberant in the lower third.

. S. protuberans

80’ Sepals not abruptly convex in the lower third

81 Sepals convex with revolute margins. S. medinae

81’ Sepals not convex with revolute margins

82 Ramicauls stout, less than 3 cm long; raceme to 14 cm long;

sepals not revolute, less than 4 mm long. S. scitula

82’ Ramicauls very slender, more than 6 cm long; raceme to 25 cm

long; sepals revolute, 6 mm long. S. flagellaris

78’ Leaves 3-6 cm wide

83 Raceme subdensely flowered; dorsal sepal 6 mm long. S. kuijtii

83’ Raeme densely flowered; dorsal sepal 3 mm long. S. portillae

54’ Dorsal sepal 7- or more veined

84 Sepals transversely ovate, conspicuously broader than long, deeply connate

85 Lip with the margin wider than half the depth. S. latimarginata

85’ Lip not with the margin wider than half the depth. S. triplicata

84’ Sepals ovate, not deeply connate

86 Leaf immense, up to 20 cm wide. S. gigantissima

86’ Leaf up to 5 cm wide

87 Leaf ovate, acute, petiolate.. S. polycarpica

87’ Leaf elliptical, obtuse, sessile. S. undecimi

The 60 caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis with antrorse lateral sepals that

are neither partially nor wholly connate into a synsepal constitute this key. They

the various, intermediate species between Stelis sect. Humboldtia and Stelis sect.

Stelis. Called a false synsepal, the sepals connive or are held forward between

90° and 145°, or incurve, resembling a synsepal. Because all degrees of expan¬

sion from 90° (straight forward) to 180° (completely expanded) occur, the deci¬

sion into which key to place some species is often not obvious. For identification

of such borderline flowers, consult both keys. The species are listed below,

STELIS OF ECUADOR

117

Stelis abbreviata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 222., S. tenuilabris

Stelis acrisepala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 129.

Stelis acuminata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 130.

Stelis acutula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 93.

Stelis anderssonii Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 226.,

S. dalessandroi

Stelis anolis Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 350.

Stelis aphidifera Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 227.

Stelis aprica Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 352.

Stelis buxiflora Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 198.

Stelis capsula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 199.

Stelis clusaris Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 145.

Stelis coelochila Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 200.

Stelis coleata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 235.

Stelis coralloides Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 94.

Stelis creodantha Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 238.

Stelis cryptopetala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 242.,

S. schomburgkii

Stelis cyathiformis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 149.

Stelis dalessandroi Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 46.

Stelis dimidiata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 244.

Stelis dodsonii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 50., S. oblonga

Stelis donaxopetata Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 366.

Stelis exigua Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 95.

Stelis foveata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 371.

Stelis gentryi Luer & Dodson, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 201.

Stelis glumacea Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 373.

Stelis hymenantha Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 377.

Stelis juncea Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 97.

Stelis lamellata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 380.

Stelis lanuginosa Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 164.

Stelis latimarginata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 165.

Stelis lilliputana Luer & F.Werner, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 259.

Stelis lindenii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 385.

Stelis macilenta Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 69.

Stelis megalocephala Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 389.

Stelis minutissima Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 71.

Stelis misera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 267.

Stelis molaui Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 268.

Stelis molleturensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 202.,

S. dalessandroi

Stelis monicae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 269.

Stelis moniligera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 270.

Stelis mononeura Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 391.

Stelis oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 50., as

S. dodsonii

Stelis ophioceps Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 274.

Stelis panguiensis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 276.

Stelis petiolata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 203.

118

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis physoglossa Luer & F.Werner, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 399.

Stelis poculifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 98.

Stelis porpax Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2: 23, 1854, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 402.

Stelis potpourri Luer, new sp. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 403.

Stelis pudens Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 404.

Stelis rimulata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 188.

Stelis rostrata Luer, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 408.

Stelis scaberula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 285.

Stelis schomburgkii Schltr., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 242., as S. cryptopetala

Stelis septicola Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 287.

Stelis spathulata Poepp. & Endl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 412.

Stelis striolata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 413.

Stelis supervivens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 293.

Stelis tempestuosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 100.

Stelis tenuilabris Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 222., as S. abbreviata

Stelis tetramera Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 297.

Stelis trichoglottis Luer & Dodson, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 299.

Stelis villosilabia Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 421.

Stelis viridula Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 422.

Stelis zigzag Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 205.

Stelis zothecula Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 424.

KEY IX: All the caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis with more or less antrorse

lateral sepals regardless of size.

1 Mature plant less than 8 cm tall exclusive of the inflorescence

2 Inflorescence shorter than, to as long as the leaf

3 Petals 1-veined; lip with apex acute or subacute

4 Lip triangular, acute, concave, without bar or callus. S. porpax

4’ Lip with apex acute, triangular or apiculate, with bar or callus

5 Sepals scurfy-papillose. S. scaberula

5’ Sepals not scurfy-papillose

6 Floral bracts proportionately large, covering the ovary and basal part of the

flower. S. spathulata

6’ Floral bracts not covering the ovary and basal part of the flower

. S, hymenantha

3’ Petals 3-veined; lip with apex subacute or obtuse

7 Dorsal sepal circular, much larger than the lateral sepals. S. megalocephala

7’ Dorsal sepal not circular and not proportionately large

8 Ramicaul stout with loose, tubular sheaths. S. lilliputana

8’ Ramicaul slender with close, tubular sheaths... S. aphidifera

2’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf

9 Petals 1-veined

10 Sepals concave, connivent into a subspherical flower. S. supervivens

10’ Sepals not connivent into a subspherical flower

11 Sepals ciliate, pubescent or pusticulate within

12 Sepals pubescent within; lip broader than long. S. viridula

12’ Sepals ciliate or pusticulate; lip longer than broad

STELIS OF ECUADOR

119

13’ Sepals ciliate within margin. S. minutissima

13’ Sepals diffusely pusticulate. S. rostrata

11 ’ Sepals glabrous

14 Lip subquadrate

15 Sepals free nearly to base; lip with apex abruptly triangular-apiculate.

. S. acutula

15’ Sepals connate to near middle; lip with apex broadly rounded-truncate.

. S. villosilabia

14’ Lip not subquadrate

16 Leaves 3-5 cm long; lip ovate, acute. S. coralloides

16’ Leaves 1-1.5 cm long; lip obovate, obtuse. S. exigua

9’ Petals 3-veined

17 Sepals long-pubescent within

18 Lateral sepals longer than the dorsal sepal, with only scattered hairs; lip with

small, erect, dorsal callus. S. ophioceps

18’ Lateral sepals as long as the dorsal sepal, densely pubescent; lip deeply

concave without a dorsal callus. S. physoglossa

17’ Sepals glabrous to minutely short-pubescent within

19 Plant less than 3 cm tall; inflorescence to 7 cm long. S. dimidiata

19’ Plant more than 5 cm tall; inflorescence to 10 cm or more long

20 Lip subquadrate with a minute glenion, the dorsum with a low, broad callus

. S. capsula

20’ Lip suborbicular with a long glenion, the dorsum shortly pubescent

. S. moniligera

V Mature plant more than 8 cm tall exclusive of the inflorescence

21 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

22 Inflorescence shorter than the leaf

23 Petals 1-veined

24 Inflorescences less than half as long as the leaf.. S. tenuilabris

24’ Inflorescences at least half as long as the leaf

25 Raceme flexuous. S.tempestuosa

25’ Raceme not flexuous

26 Sepals narrow, about twice longer than wide; lip obtuse. S. rimulata

26’ Sepals broad, about as long as wide; lip acute or obtuse

27 Sepals shortly pubescent; lip with acute, triangular apex. S. panguiensis

27’ Sepals glabrous

28 Lip with apex narrow, abruptly triangular, acute. S. aprica

28’ Lip with apex obtuse, concave. S. zothecula

23’ Petals 3-veined

29 Lip with a short, acuminate apiculum. S. gentryi

29’ Lip without a short, acuminate apiculum

30 All 3 sepals concave, connivent, pubescent within. S. misera

30’ All 3 sepals not concave, not connivent, not pubescent within

31 Raceme flexuous. S. zigzag

31’ Raceme not flexuous

120

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

32 Leafless than 1.5 cm wide; lip with a short, blunt apiculum

. S. schomburgkii

32’ Leaf at least 2 cm wide; lip with a short triangular apex. S. dalessandroi

22’ Inflorescence as long as, or longer than the leaf

33 Petals 1-veined

34 Sepals papular or pubescent

35 Sepals papular, 1 mm long and wide; lip longer than wide. S. septicola

35’ Sepals pubescent, more than 1 mm long; lip not longer than wide

. S. mononeura

34’ Sepals glabrous

36 Floral bract large, covering pedicel, ovary and base of flower. S. spathulata

36’ Floral bract not covering pedicel, ovary and base of flower

37 Petals truncate with a thick, central, external callus. S. lamellata

37’ Petals truncate without a thick, external callus

38 Sepals subacute; lip saccate with apex triangular, obtuse. S. poculifera

38’ Sepals obtuse to rounded; lip concave with a short, obtuse apiculum

. S. macilenta

33’ Petals 3-veined

39 Sepals ciliate-pubescent

40 Sepals concave, long-pubescent within

41 Lipapiculate. S. trichoglottis

41’ Lip not apiculate. S. coelochila

40’ Sepals not concave and long-pubescent within

42 Leaf acute, shorter than the ramicaul; lip round at the the apex. S. molaui

42’ Leaf not shorter than the ramicaul

43 Lip type-B with a short, sharp apiculum

44 Leaf oblong to ovate, obtuse, petiolate. S. oblonga

44’ Leaf narrowly elliptical, cuneate below. S. schomburgkii

43’ Lip without a short, sharp apiculum

45 Lip concave, rounded at the apex

46 Lip with a large, low callus with thickened margin. S. pudens

46’ Lip with the bar thick, cleft. S. cyathiformis

45’ Lip concave with the apex obtuse or triangular.

47 Petals 2.8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide. S. donaxopetala

47’ Petals less than 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide

48 Sepals densely long-pubescent; lip with apex acute, triangular

. S. lanuginosa

48’ Sepals short-pubescent; lip with apex broad, obtuse, triangular

. S. monicae

39’ Sepals glabrous or microscopically pubescent

49 Ramicaul ca. a third as long as a narrowly obovate leaf; floral bracts large,

overlapping; sepals microscopically pubescent within. S. clusaris

49’ Not as above

50 Ramicauls slender, about twice as long as the leaf

51 Lateral sepals obtuse, lip type B. S. juncea

51’ Lateral sepals acute, lip type A. S . potpourri

STELIS OF ECUADOR

121

50’ Ramicauls not slender and twice as long as the leaf

52 Leaf elliptical; lip with pubescent callus, round at the apex

53 Inflorescence 1 racene; petiole 2-3 cm long. S. petiolata

53’ Inflorescence 2-3 racenes; petiole 1-1.5 cm long. S. buxiflora

52’ Not with the above combination

54 Lip type-A, with dorsum callous

55 Leaf narrowly ovate, acute. S. creodantha

55’ Leaf elliptical

56 Leaf narrowly elliptical; raceme solitary; sepals obtuse, shortly

acuminate. S. acuminata

56’ Leaf elliptical; racemes 3-4; sepals obtuse. S. striolata

54’ Lip type-B, with dorsum not tricallous

57 Lip subquadrate, truncate, with an obtuse apiculum

58 Lip deeply excavate. S. foveata

58’ Lip not deeply excavate. S. schomburgkii

57’ Lip subquadrate, tridentate, with an acute apiculum. S.juncea

21’ Dorsal sepal 5- or more-veined

59 Inflorescence shorter than the leaf; dorsal sepal 5 mm long and wide. S. coleata

59’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf

60 Dorsal sepal 7-veined

61 Lip with the margin wider than half the depth. S. latimarginata

61’ Lip not with the margin wider than half the depth; pollinia 4. S. tetramera

60’ Dorsal sepal 5-veined

62 Floral bracts 7-10 mm long, projecting beyond the flower. S. glumacea

62’ Floral bracts 3-5 mm long, not projecting beyond the flower

63 Sepals long-acuminate; petals longer than wide. S. anolis

63’ Sepals not acuminate; petals wider than long

64 Sepals narrowly ovate, free to near the base. S. acrisepala

64’ Sepals broadly ovate, connate to near the middle. S. lindenii

This final key contains all 54 of the non-caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis

with similar sepals that are either expanded or antrorse. It includes species with a

prolific habit (ramicauls producing another ramicaul from the apex near or at the

base of the leaf, or from the base of the ramicaul), or a repent habit (ramicauls

produced at intervals along a creeping or erect rhizome). Both repent and prolific

habits can produce a scandent habit.

Stelis aclyda Luer & Hirtz, new sp. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 348.

Stelis acuifera Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 88., as S. uxoria

Stelis amabilis Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 225.

Stelis ascendens Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 38., as S. amoena

Stelis asplundii Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 228.

Stelis atra Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 152. as S. epibator

Stelis barbellata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 41.

Stelis carchica Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 232.

Stelis cingens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 144.

Stelis columnaris Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 359.

Stelis cryophila Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 241.

122

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis debilis Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 361.

Stelis declivis (Lindl.) Luer, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 362.

Stelis dirigens Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 48.

Stelis discophylla Luer & Hirtz, new sp. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 364.

Stelis dissimulans Luer & Dodson, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 245.

Stelis drewii Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 248.

Stelis epibator Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 152., S. atra

Stelis falcifera Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 55.

Stelis ferax Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 56., S. tridentata

Stelis hirtzii Luer, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 1.

Stelis hispida Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 96.

Stelis hoeijeri Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 63.

Stelis jamesonii Lindl. leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 378.

Stelis lamellata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 380.

Stelis lanata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 381.

Stelis lancea Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 382.

Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 383.

Stelis lindenii Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 385.

Stelis loejtnantii Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 167.

Stelis lorenae Luer, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 262.

Stelis morganii Dodson & Garay, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 393.

Stelis nambijae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 175.

Stelis nepotula Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 72.

Stelis nikiae Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 271.

Stelis oblongifolia Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 396.

Stelis oreada Luer & Endara, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 397.

Stelis paniculata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 177.

Stelis pisinna Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 180.

Stelis prolata Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 185.

Stelis prolificosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 280.

Stelis pubipetala Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 81.

Stelis pusilla Kunth, leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 405., 405a., 405b.

Stelis ramificans Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 282.

Stelis ramulosa Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 186.

Stelis repens Cogn., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 407.

Stelis satyrella Luer & Hirtz, new sp., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 409.

Stelis satyrica Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 284., S. ramulosa

Stelis scansor Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 410.

Stelis secunda Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 191.

Stelis septella Luer, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 192.

Stelis soricina Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 289.

Stelis subtilis Luer & Dalstrom, leones Pleuroth. 26, Part Two, Fig. 204.

Stelis tempestuosa Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 100.

Stelis trichorrachis Rchb.f., leones Pleuroth. 30, Part Four, Fig. 416.

Stelis tridentata Lindl., leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 56., as S. ferax

Stelis tropex Luer & Endara, leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 302.

Stelis uxoria Luer & Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 88., S. acuifera

STELIS OF ECUADOR

123

KEY X: The non-caespitose species of Stelis sect. Stelis

regardless of size, with antrorse lateral sepals.

1 Habit repent, ascending, or scandent, the ramicauls produced from a rhizome

or from the base of a ramicaul

2 Dorsal sepal 3-veined

3 Leaves less than 5 cm long

4 Inflorescence short, to about as long as the leaf

5 Leaves elliptical-ovte, overlapping

6 Rhizome erect. S. morganii

6’ Rhizome prostrate. S. discophylla

5’ Leaves elliptical, not overlapping

7 Petals 1-veined; raceme not congested in 2 opposite ranks

8 Petals thin; lip with apex thin and deeply concave with bar prominent near

the middle. S. scansor

8’ Petals thick; lip not thin and deeply concave

9 Lip shallowly concave with a low, pubescent bar at the base, modified

type-B. S. oreada

9’ Lip thick, type-A. S. neopotula

T Petals 3-veined; raceme congested in 2 opposite ranks. S. aclyda

4’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf

10 Petals 1-veined

11 Ramicaul 1-2 mm long; leaf 10-15 mm long. S. paniculata

11’ Ramicaul more than 10 mm long; leaf more than 15 mm long

12 Lip with the tip broadly rounded, concave, with brush-like patch of hairs

articulating with brush-like hairs at base of column. S. declivis

12’ Lip with the tip not broadly rounded, without a brush-like patch of hairs

13 Lip with a triangular middle lobe. S. repens

13’ Lip with a minute, or obscure apiculum

14 Raceme secund; dorsal sepal ca. 3.5 mm long. S. secunda

14’ Raceme distichous; dorsal sepal 1-1.5 mm long

15 Sepals pubescent. S. pisinna

15’ Sepals glabrous. S. pusilla

10’ Petals 3-veined

16 Lip thin, shallowly concave, oblong-obovate, broadly rounded at the apex

... S. ramulosa

16’ Lip thick with bar and glenion, neither concave nor broadly rounded at the

apex

17 Rhizome thin, slender, 3-13 mm long between ramicauls. S. debilis

17’ Rhizome thick, stout

18 Rhizome 1-5 mm long between ramicauls. S. septella

18’ Rhizome 15-30 mm long between ramicauls. S. prolata

3’ Leaves more than 5 cm long

19 Inflorescence shorter than the leaf

20 Petals 1-veined

21 Lateral sepals antrorse into a synsepal. S. tempestuosa

21’ Lateral sepals expanded. S. carchica

20’ Petals 3-veined

124

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

22 Rachis flexuous; lip minutely apiculate. S. trichorachis

22’ Rachis not flexuous; lip not apiculate. S. atra

19’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf

23 Petals 1-veined

24 Lip minutely apiculate, not shallowly concave

25 Sepals papillose; lip minutely but sharply apiculate. S. tropex

25’ Sepals glabrous; lip bluntly apiculate. Spusilla

24’ Lip not apiculate, modifictions of type-B

26 Lip short, subdiscoid, about as wide as deep

27 Lip obtuse at the apex, concave before a low, pubescent bar at the base

. S. oreada

27’ Lip broadly rounded at the apex, without a pubescent bar at the base

. S. subtilis

26’ Lip longer than wide, concave above a thick cleft bar above the middle

28 Sepals connate near the middle into a saccate tube. S. lamellata

28’ Sepals connate near the base, not into a saccate tube. S. tempestuosa

23’ Petals 3-veined

29 Sepals papillose or grossly pubescent within

30 Sepals papillose within; column elongated

31 Raceme densely flowered; lip with the bar reclining. S. columnaris

31 ’ Raceme distantly flowered; lip with the bar erect. S. hirtzii

30’ Sepals pubescent within; column not elongated

32 Sepals concave, connivent, connate basally. S. lanata

32’ Sepals not concave and connivent

33 Lip apiculate

34 Leaves acuminate; lip with minute, sharp apiculum. S. tridentata

34’ Leaves not acuminate; lip with minute, obtuse apiculum. S. loejtnantii

33’ Lip without an apiculum

35 Lip with large callus on margin of bar; column proportionately

elongated with large anther and stigmatic lobes. S. lanceolata

35’ Lip without a callus on the bar

36 Lip shallowly concave with a glenion. S. ascendens

36’ Lip with the bar deeply excavate. S. hispida

29’ Sepals glabrous to microscopically pubescent within

37 Lip type-B, longer than wide. S. ramificans

37’ Lip type-A, wider than long

38 Floral bracts 3 mm long, concave, obtuse. S. cingens

38’ Floral bracts 1.5 mm long, acute. S. lancea

2’ Dorsal sepal 5- or more-veined

39 Leaves petiolate, less than 10 cm long

40 Inflorescence short, to about as long as the leaf; lip with a tall, antrorse bar.

. S. nambijae

40’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf; lip without a tall bar

41 Rhizome very slender, elongated; floral bracts and spathe conspicuous

. S. lorenae

41’ Rhizome stout, not elongated; floral bracts and spathe not conspicuous

STELIS OF ECUADOR 125

42 Rhizome erect; lip acutely apiculate. S. dirigens

42’ Rhizome prostrate or ascending; lip not apiculate

43 Sepals ca. 2 mm long, thickly fleshy. S. lindenii

43’ Sepals ca. 4 mm long, not thickly fleshy. S. drewii

39’ Leaves petiolate, ca. 10 cm long or longer

44 Inflorescence short, to about as long as the leaf

45 Petals glabrous; lip with a low, rounded callus on the dorsum. S. amabilis

45’ Petals minutely densely pubescent; lip with 3 calli on the dorsum

. S. pubipetala

44’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf

46 Sepals less than 5 mm long, thickly fleshy. S. lindenii

46’ Sepals 5-10 mm long, not thickly fleshy. S. acuifera

V Habit prolific, ramicauls produced from the apex of a ramicaul

47 Dorsal sepal 5-veined

48 Flowers overlapping, hugging the rachis. S. hoeijeri

48’ Flowers not overlapping, hugging the rachis. S. nikiae

AT Dorsal sepal 3-veined

49 Spathe 1.5-2 cm long, acute, prominent. S.falcifera

49’ Spathe inconspicuous

50 Lip discoid, wider than long, without a glenion

51 Leaves less than 2.5 cm long; raceme to 4 cm long. S. ramulosa

51’ Leaves 3-8 cm long; raceme 5-15 cm long. S.jamesonii

50’ Lip with a bar and glenion, not discoid

52 Petals with the apex acuminate

53 Petals shortly acuminate; lip concave above the middle. S. dissimulans

53’ Petals long-acuminate; lip concave from below the middle. S . barbellata

52’ Petals with the apex obtuse

54 Raceme densely flowered with conspicuous floral bracts and flowers over¬

lapping

55 Leaves 3-4 cm long; ramicauls 3-4 cm long. S. cryophila

55’ Leaves 8-12 cm long; ramicauls 8-18 cm long. S. soricina

54’ Raceme subdensely flowered with inconspicuous floral bracts not over¬

lapping

56 Inflorescence not longer than the leaf. S. satyrella

56’ Inflorescence much longer than the leaf

57 Leaves elliptical, acute. S. asplundii

57’ Leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse

58 Rachis flexuous, laxly flowered; sepals margined. S. prolificosa

58’ Rachis strict, subdensely flowered; sepals not margined.... S. oblongifolia

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

348. Stelis aclyda Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek aclydis, "of a small javelin," referring to the narrow shape of the leaf.

Planta parva caespitosa vel brevirepens, racemo congestissimo disticho folio angustissime elliptico

acuto plus minusve aequilongo, sepalis late ovatis obtusis, petalis transverse latissime obovatis, labello

breve apice rotundo ad dorsum calloso.

Plant small, epiphytic, both caespitose and repent, rhizome as thick as the ramicaul. Ramicauls

erect, slender, 2-2.5 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheaths below the middle and another

sheath at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-3.5 cm long, less than 0.5 cm

wide, gradually narrowed below to the base. Inflorescence a slender, strict, erect, distichous, dense¬

ly, many-flowered raceme, with most flowers open simultaneously and facing in opposite directions, 3-

3.5 cm long including the peduncle 8 mm long, spathe negligible, from an annulus below the apex of

the ramicaul; floral bracts broadly infundibular, obtuse, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 1

mm long; flower color unknown, sepals glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long,

1.8 mm wide, 3-veined, connate less than 1 mm to the laterals, the lateral sepals 1.6 mm long, 1.6 mm

wide, 3-veined; petals transversely obovate, with the apex broadly rounded, thickened on the margin,

0.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide expanded, 3-veined; lip subovoid, 0.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.6 mm

deep, the margin broadly thickened, rounded, very shallowly concave within, the bar bimammilate

without a visible glenion, the dorsum sloping downward with a single, round callous, the base broadly

truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot obso¬

lescent, the anther and bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Carchi: Rio Blanco, along new road between Carolina and Chical, alt. 1800 m, 10 Apr.

2007, A. Hirtz, L Grobler et al 9220 (Holotype of S. aclyda : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21274.

This little species is characterized by narrowly elliptical leaves and an equally

long and slender inflorescence with a tightly packed, double-rowed raceme of

opposite-facing flowers. The flowers are not extraordinary with obtuse sepals;

transversely obovate petals; and a short lip with a broad, round margin, a

bimammilate bar without an obvious glenion, and an acutely decurved dorsum

with a single, round callus.

88. Stelis acuifera Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 12, no. 90, 1858,

Ety.: From the Latin acuti-, the combining form from acutus , "meaning something sharply point¬

ed," and -fer, "bearing," referring to the lip. In his original description, Lindley (1858: 12) comment¬

ed "A subulate process rising from the hollow of the lip is very remarkable." However, this feature is

not present on the lip of the type-specimen.

Syn.: Stelis uxoria Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 62, 2002.

Ety.: Named for a co-collector of the species, my loving wife.

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: "Bogota," Moritz s.n. (Holotype of S. acuifera : K).

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: alt. 8,000 ft., May 1858, R. Spruce 5386 (W).

Carchi: Tulcan, trail Pun to Rio Chimbal, alt. 2926 m, 14 Aug. 1935, Ynes Mexia 7611 (AMES).

Sucumbfos: terrestrial on road shoulder, between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 6 Apr. 1985,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11073 (holotype of S. uxoria: MO); between El Play on de San

Francisco and El Carmelo, alt. 3000 m, 14 Apr. 1979, B. L0jtnant, U. Molau & M. Madison 12521

(AAU, GB); above El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6267 (SEL);

west of pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2450 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al.

15081 (MO); scrub forest north of El Playon, alt. 3100 m, 20 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

15194, 15195, 15200 (MO).

Stelis acuifera was illustrated in leones Pleurothallidinae 24, Part One, Fig.

88., as S. uxoria Luer & Hirtz. It is a large, robust species locally abundant at

high altitudes in northern Ecuador. It was first described from the Eastern Cordil¬

lera of Colombia from a collection by Moritz a century and a half ago. It is

characterized by a thick, repent rhizome with tall, stout ramicauls with large,

elliptical leaves. Several to many flowers are produced simultaneously as anthesis

ascends in a lengthening raceme. The flowers are variable in color and size, the

flowers of some collections having dimensions double those of others. The sepals

are broadly ovate, obtuse and five-, seven-, or rarely nine-veined. The petals are

transverse with a thick, rounded margin, commonly with four veins. The lip is

type-A, with a broadly rounded apex without a subulate process as noted by Lindley.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

127

349. Stelis aglochis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek, agio chin, "without a point," referring to an absent labellar apiculum.

Species haec Stelidis argentatae Lindl. affinis, sed habitu grande, foliis latis longipetiolatis, sepalis

non pubescentibus et labelli margine sine apiculo differt.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots very slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, fascicled, 4-6 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3

other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 12-17 cm long including a petiole, the blade ellipti¬

cal, 2.5-3 cm wide, subacute to obtuse, long-petiolate, cuneate below into the slender petiole 4-5.5 cm

long. Inflorescence an erect, lax, subflexuous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simul¬

taneously, to 15-17 cm long including the peduncle 3-6 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1.3-1.5

cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute,

1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals widely spread with recurved margins,

concave around the central apparatus, dark red-violet, microscopically cellular-pubescent, the dorsal

sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 3.3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate below the middle to the

lateral sepals, the laterals broadly ovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely

oblong, concave, 0.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly rounded with a thickened

margin; lip transversely oblong, 0.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.6 mm deep, the apex with a broad,

obtuse margin, shallowly concave within, the bar convex with a longitudinal, shallowly cleft glenion

continuing downward from a thickened, microscopically pubescent callus on the dorsum, the base

truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column semiterete, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obso¬

lescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: La Mana, Los Ilinizas, Cerro Guadual Grande, alt. 1400 m, 19 July 2003, P.

Silverstone, N. Paz, A. Giraldo & M. Cema 9322 (Holotype of S. aglochin: CUVC; Isotype: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 20949.

This species is related to the frequent and variable Stelis argentata Lindl., but

differs in the larger habit with slender, fascicled ramicauls four to six centimeters

long with much longer, wider, long-petiolate leaves up to 17 centimeters long and

three centimeters wide. The ramicauls of S. argentata are variable, but usually

less than six centimeters long and leaves less than 10 centimeters long. The

flowers are similar but proportionately small for the large plant, the major dif¬

ference being the entire margin of the type-C lip, without the classical apiculum of

S. argentata.

350. Stelis anolis Luer, Selbyana5(2): 190, 1979.

Ety.: Named for the fancied resemblance of the flower to the head of the American chameleon or

Carolina anole ( Anolis carolinensis Voigt).

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, shortly scandent, ascending; roots numerous, slender.

Ramicauls erect, stout, 10-20 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 sheaths at

the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, the blade

10-16 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole 3-4 cm long. Inflorescence an

erect, sublax, distichous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 20-35 cm

long including the peduncle 8-11 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 1-2 cm long, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long;

ovary 3 mm long; sepals yellow-green, glabrous externally, cellular-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

free, narrowly ovate-triangular with revolute margins, acute, 11-12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 5-veined,

the lateral sepals also ovate with revolute margins, oblique, acute, 10-11.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 5-

veined, connate 3 mm; petals yellow-green, thick, subtriangular, obtuse, 1.75-2 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, with obtuse, marginal angles above the base; lip yellow-green, obovate-subquadrate,

I. 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with the apex subtruncate

with the margin thickened, transversely thickened across the middle with a distinct glenion, the dorsum

flattened with 3 low calli, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm

long, 1.2 mm wide, with an obsolescent foot, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: terrestrial in Valle de Chaupe above Banos, alt. 2200 m, 24 July 1975, C.

Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 629 (Holotype of S. anolis : SEL); Rio Topo, at bridge, alt. 1630 m, 27

Feb. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19541 (MO).

Napo: forest between Tena and Baeza, alt. 1500 m, 29 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer &

J. Kuijt 9792 (MO); same area, alt. 2150 m, 13 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J . Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

128

ICONHS PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

11262 (MO); near Rio Quijos north of Baeza toward Lumbaqui, alt. 1850 m, 8 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11707 (MO); new road to Coca, alt. 1200 m, C. Luer, J .

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11234 (MO); same area, alt. 1100 m, 31 Apr. 1987, C.H. Dodson, P.

Scharf & D. Allison 17085 (MO); between Archidona and Coca, alt. 1000 m, 17 Feb. 1990, S. Dal-

strom & kmby 1365 (MO).

Carchi: Rio Verde near base of Cerro Golondrinas, alt. 1900 m, 30 Nov. 1967, W.S. Hoover 2094

(MO, QCA); west of pass above Maldonado, alt. 1550 m, 17 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz &

J. del Hierro 15123, 15123A (MO).

Sucumbios: El Reventador, alt. 1800 m, 30 July 1991, A.P. Yanez & D. Bonilla 325 (QCA).

Pastaza: near Mera, alt. 1100 m, 14 Dec. 1955, E. Asplund 18835 (AMES, S); Mera, shore of

Mangayacu, alt. 1100 m, 29 Jan. 1956, E. Asplund 19111 (S); Puerto Napo, north of Puyo, 3 Dec.

1974, H. Lugo 4728 (AMES); Mera, along Rio San Jorge and Rio Tigre, alt. 1200 m, 1 Sept. 1976,

B. 0lgaard & H. Balslev 9158 (AAU, AMES, NY); Mera, Isidro Ayora, alt. 1000 m, 18 Jan. 1982,

G. Hading et al. 19711 (GB).

Morona-Santiago: new road west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1500 m, 6 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J.

Luer & A. Hirtz 12695 (MO).

This large species that resembles some species of a giant pleurothallid is rela¬

tively frequent on the lower, eastern slopes of central Ecuador. The robust plant

is scandent with long, stout ramicauls and large leaves. The long inflorescence

bears numerous, evenly spaced, relatively large flowers in two ranks. The sepals

are elongate and essentially free. The petals are triangular and elongate, protrud¬

ing well beyond the type-A lip that is not remarkably different from many other

species. For such a large, showy, locally frequent species to have escaped a

description until late in the twentieth century is surprising.

351. Stelis apiculifera Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88:

37, 2002, exclude illustration 40.

Ety.: From the Latin apiculifer , "bearing an apiculum," referring to the lip.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-10 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 10-25 mm long,

3-5 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, strict,

distichous, subcongested, few- to several-flowered raceme 3-5.5 cm long including the peduncle 2-2.5

cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1

mm long; ovary 0.6 mm long; sepals green above the middle, dark purple below the middle, glabrous

externally, cellular-papillose within, ovate, obtuse, 3-veined, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1.75

mm long, 2 mm wide, the lateral sepals 1.25 mm long, 1.75 mm wide; petals purple, transversely

oblong, broadly rounded at the apex with a thickened margin, shallowly concave, 0.5 mm long, 0.8

mm wide, 1-veined; lip purple, thick, subquadrate, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, shal¬

lowly concave anteriorly with the apex rounded, with a sharp apiculum in the center, the anterior

surface with a narrow glenion, the dorsum rounded, cellular, the base truncate, hinged to an obsoles¬

cent column-foot; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with the anther and the bilobed stigma

apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Cutucu, new road between Mendez and Mocoa, alt.

950 m, 17 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup & A. Hirtz 13953 (Holotype of S. apiculifera

MO).

This species is closely allied to the frequent and variable Stelis guianensis

Rolfe, but is most easily distinguished by its single-veined petals. It is character¬

ized by a small, caespitose habit and a subcongested, several-flowered raceme that

surpasses the narrowly obovate leaf. The sepals are broadly ovate (proportionate¬

ly broader than those of S. guianensis), obtuse, and cellular-papillose. The petals

are concave with one vein. The type-C lip is thickly discoid with a tiny, sharp

apiculum in the center of a rounded, apical margin.

An illustration of Stelis guianensis was mistakenly used to illustrate this spe¬

cies in Part One of the Stelis of Ecuador.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

129

352. Stelis aprica Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin apricus , "growing in sunshine," referring to a habitat.

Syn.: Stelis catharinensis Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353, 1836.

Ety.: Named for the Brazilian state of Santa Catharina, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis minutiflora Rchb.f. ex Hoffmanns., Linnaea 16: 237, 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin minutiflorus , "minutely flowered," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis miersii Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 14: 397, 1843.

Ety.: Named for John Miers who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis microglossa Rchb.f. Linnaea 22: 821, 1849.

Ety.: From the Greek mikroglossa , "a minute tongue," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis micrantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Nov. 2: 93, 1881, not Sw., 1799.

Ety.: From the Greek mikrantha , "a minute flower," referring to the tiny size of the flower.

Syn.: Stelis rodriguesii Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 360, 1896, replaced name for S. micrantha Barb.

Rodr., not Stelis micrantha Sw., 1799,

Ety.: Named for J. Barbosa Rodrigues who collected the species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic to lithophytic, caespitose-ascending; roots slender.

Ramicauls erect, slender, 6-10 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3

other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly linear-elliptic, subacute to acute, 8-10 cm

long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect,

sublax, distichous, many-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, 8-9 cm long includ¬

ing the peduncle, with a few bracts, subtended by a spathe ca. 0.9-1 cm long, from an annulus below

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1

mm long; sepals yellow-green, glabrous, connate basally, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 1.5-

1.75 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1.5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, 3-veined,

more or less held forward; petals membranous, transversely elliptical, shallowly concave, 0.7 mm

long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly rounded; lip green, subquadrate with a prominent,

abrupt, acute, triangular apiculum, 0.6 mm long excluding the apiculum 0.3 mm long, the body 0.6

mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, concave inside between margins of the bar, microscopically pubescent toward

the base, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the column; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide,

the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

BRAZIL: Santa Catharina: Hindes, on exposed stones, s.d., Martius s.n. (Holotype of S. aprica : K);

without locality, Tweedie s.n. (holotype of S. catharinensis Lindl.: K). Rio de Janeiro: forests near

Petropolis, B. Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of S. micrantha is Rodrigues's illustration, 1881, p. 176, fig.

E., RB); without collection data, Miers s.n. (holotype of S. miersii Lindl.: K); without collection data,

(holotype of S. minutiflora : W); Theresopolis, 1879, H. Wawra 351 (W); Blumenau, 2 Oct. 1886, H.

Schenck 304 (BR); Theresopolis, 17 June 1887, Barbosa Rodrigues, Moura s.n. (BR).

Minas Gerais without locality, Regnell s.n. (holotype of S. microglossa: W).

Sao Paulo; Campo Grande, G. & G. San Paulo 3269 (BR).

COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: Zarzal, P. Silverstone-Sopkin 5675 (CUVC, MO), C. Luer illustr.

16958. Risaralda: Hda. Los Cristales, near Rio Cauca, alt. 1110 m, 11 Nov. 2001, P. Silverstone-

Sopkin 8795 (CUVC), C. Luer illustr. 21256.

This species seems to have been frequent and widely distributed in southern

Brazil in the nineteenth century, but it is uncommon today, with but a few collec¬

tions from north of Brazil. Numerous collections from the Andes have been

misidentifiedas Stelis aprica Lindl. Stelispanguiensis Luer & Hirtz is possibly a short¬

ly pubescent variation of S. aprica.

Stelis aprica is characterized by a small to medium habit with narrowly linear

leaves and a many-flowered raceme about as long with tiny flowers. The sepals

are obtuse and less than two millimeters long. The petals are subcircular and

single-veined. The lip is type-B with a prominent, acute, triangular apiculum, as

found in S. hymenantha Schltr.

130

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

353., 353a., 353b. Stelis argentata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28: Misc. 64, 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin argentatus, "silvered," referring to the crystals in the floral parts.

Syn.: Stelis heylidiana H.Focke, Tijdschr. Wis- Natuurk. Wetensch. 2: 201, 1849.

Ety.: Named for a Mr. Heylid who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis endresii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1373, 1870.

Ety.: Named for A.R. Endres who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr., Vellosia ed. 2, 1: 120, 1891.

Ety.: Named for Rio Yauapery along which the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis bemoullii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 201, 1918.

Ety.: Named for Karl Gustav Bernoulli, co-collector of this species.

Syn.: Stelis glandulosa Ames, Sched. Orchid. 3: 3, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin glandulosus, "glandular," referring to the pubescent sepals.

Syn.: Stelis huebneri Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42(2): 88, 1925.

Ety.: Named for G. Hiibner who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis acicularis Luer, Phytologia 49: 124, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin acicularis , "with needle-like point," referring to the lip.

Syn.: Stelis pichinchae Dodson & Garay, Ic. PI. Trop. 330, 1980.

Ety.: Named for the Ecuadorian Province of Pichincha where the species was collected.

Plant small to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-6 cm long,

enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellip¬

tical, acute, subacute to obtuse, 5-11 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, cu-

neate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, distichous, subsecund, many-flowered

raceme with several to many flowers open simultaneously, 10-26 cm long including the peduncle 3-10

cm long, with a few bracts, subtended by a spathe ca. 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of

the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1-2.5 mm

long; sepals expanded, pale yellow, suffused with purple, or purple, glabrous externally, shortly

pubescent or cellular-glandular within, connate basally, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2-5 mm

long, 2-5 mm wide, usually 3-veined, occasionally with an additional pair, the lateral sepals 2-5 mm

long, 2-5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow or purple, transversely cuneate-obovate, shallowly con¬

cave, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded with the margin thickened; lip yellow

or purple, thick, transversely subquadrate, 0.6 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, shallowly

concave inside the apical margin, the margin thin, with a single minute apiculum centrally, the bar

convex with a long, narrow glenion, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the

stigma bilobed.

Representative collections:

GUAYANA: without collection data, collected by R. Schomburgk 427, flowered in cultivation with

Messrs Loddiges 75 (Holotype of S. argentata : K); without collection data, 1838, R. Schomburgk 427

(G); Arakaka, Jan. 1896, E.F. im Thum 47 (K); Barima, Mar. 1896, Jenman 6939 (K); basin of

Essequibo River, 15-24 Dec. 1937, AC. Smith 2797 (K, NY, US); without collection data, Heylid s.n.

(holotype of S. heylidiana H.Focke unknown, neotype here designated, A.C. Smith 2797 , K).

SURINAME: Wilhelmina Mountains, alt. 700 m, 15 July 1981, R.O. Determann 224 (SEL); without

data, Hostmann 1206 (W); without data, 1845, Hostmann 1322 (G, W).

FRENCH GUYANA: Saul, south of airfield, alt. 200-210 m, 10 Nov. 1986, L. Skog, C. Feuillet & A.

Rossman 7385 (SEL, US).

BRAZIL:Amazonas: Rio Yauapery, B. Rodrigues s.n. (holotype of S. yauaperyensis is Rodrigues's

illustration: 1881, p. 89, fig. 2, RB); Rio Macura, G. Hiibner 66 (holotype of S. huebneri destroyed at

B, neotype here designted: Stelis yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr., RB); Terr. Amapa, Rio Oiapoque,

Cachoeira Grande Roche, 28 July 1960, H.S. Irwin et al. 47208 (K, NY); Rio Jan, Monte Dourado,

Serrinha, 4 Dec. 1968, N.T. Silva 1486 (K, NY); Terr. Roraima, Serra dos Surucucus, 21 Feb. 1969,

G.T. Prance et al. 10148 (K, NY).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: south of El Dorado, Rio Uaiparu, near Mariwa Falls, Aug. 1956, G.C.K.

Dunsterville 374.

COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: between Cali and Buenaventura, alt. 1500 m, 1 July 1965, C.H.

Dodson & H. Hills 3193 (SEL).

PANAMA: Chiriqm: near San Vicente, alt. 500 ft., C. Luer & H. Butcher 1255 (SEL). Code: El

Valle, flowered in cultivation 5 May 1976, C. Luer 969 (SEL). Panama: Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 5

Dec. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 1283 (SEL).

COSTA RICA: Without locality, ca. 1867, flowered in cultivation in the Hamburg Botanical Garden,

Dec. 1869, July 1870, A. Endres s.n. (holotype of S. endresii : W). Without collection data, flowered

in cultivation at Kew, C.H. Lankester s.n. (holotype of S. glandulosa : K).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

131

NICARAGUA: Rivas: Ometepe Island, Lake Nicaragua, alt. 1230 m, A.H. Heller 8278 (SEL).

GUATEMALA: Quetzaltenango: Costa Grande, Hda. de Las Nubes, alt. 4,000 ft., Nov. 1877, M.

Bernoulli & O. Cario s.n. (holotype of S. bemoullii destroyed at B, neotype here designated: A.F.

Skutch 1433 (SEL); Palmar, alt. 3,800 ft., 12 Oct. 1934, A.F. Skutch 1433 (SEL).

MEXICO: Veracruz: Ixhuacan, between Herradura Aguacate and Pantlanalan, alt. 1650 m, 27 June

1982, M. Chazaro & J. Marquez 2432 (XAL). Guerrero: Chichihualco, between Atoyac de Alvarez

and Xochipala, alt. 1900 m, 15 July 1984, M.A. Soto & G. Salazar 1201 (AMO).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Maldonado and Chical, alt. 1400 m, 17 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J.

del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15114 (MO).

Sucumbios: Imuya Cocha along Rio Lagartococha, alt. 200 m, 20 Oct. 1991, C.H. Dodson, G.

Romero & P.M. Dodson 18923 (MO).

Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserva, alt. 1400 m, 23 Jan. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & H. Wanntorp

1742 (MO); west of Otavalo near Selva Alegre, July 1991, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, 15 Jan. 1993,

F L Stevenson 92-0612-4 (MO).

Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, alt. 8,000 ft., Hall s.n. (K); Santo Domingo, alt. 1530 m (more likely

1530 than 530 as published), 28 July 1979, C.H. Dodson et al. 8642 (holotype of S. pichinchae : SEL);

old road between Chiriboga and Santo Domingo, alt. 1690 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T.

Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9841, 9879 (MO); below Tandapi, alt. 1180 m, 31 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 12558 (K, MO).

Cotopaxi: trail from El Corazon to Facundo Vela, alt. 1300 m, 17 May 1980, G. Harling & L. An-

dersson 19210 (GB); Tenefuerste, Rio Pilalo, orange trees, alt. 800 m, 8 Mar. 1982, C.H. Dodson &

P.M. Dodson 12913 (MO).

Manabi: Cerro Montecristi, alt. 500 m, 27 Feb. 1977, flowered in cultivation at SEL, C. Luer, J.

Luer & K. Cordoba 1828 (holotype of S. acicularis : SEL).

Napo: between Lago Agrio and El Conejo, alt. 300 m, 15 Feb. 1980, G. Harling & L. Andersson

16516 (GB); Rio Napo, Jatun Sacha below Misahualli, alt. 450 m, 2 Oct. 1986, W. Palacios 1385

(MO).

Bolivar: between Salinas and La Palma, alt. 1250 m, 12 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al.

15016 (MO); between La Palma and Echaendia, alt. 2450 m, July 1991, cultivated in Chamblee, GA,

by F L Stevenson 91-1129-8 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: east of the pass between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. ca. 3000 m, 3 Mar. 1977, C.

Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1500 (SEL); new road between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 Jan.

1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13972 (MO).

El Oro: forest south of Pinas, alt. 950-1000 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

10667 (MO).

Loja: between Alamor and Cazaderos, alt. 1100 m, 4 Apr. 1980, G. Harling & L. Andersson 17881

(GB); Cerro Toledo, south of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 7 Apr. 1985. G. Harling & L Andersson 23843

(GB).

El Oro: west of Pinas, alt. 900 m, 8 Oct. 1979, C.H. Dodson, A. Gentry & G. Shupp 8989 (MO);

above Pinas shrine, Apr. 1989, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, F L Stevenson 90-0422-6 (MO); Hda.

Daucay, southeast of Limon-playa, alt. 500 m, 20 Nov. 1994, X. Cornejo & C. Bonifaz 3607

(GUAY).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Namirez, north of Cumbaraza, alt. 900 m, 24 Apr. 1974, G. Harling & L

Andersson 13957 (GB); between Loja and Zamora, collected 3 Nov. 1982, cultivated at SEL, 12 May

1983, C. Luer 9064 (SEL); Cordillera del Condor, alt. 1200 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 2

Feb. 2002, A. Hirtz 8028 (MO).

PERU: Cajamarca: San Ignacio, Bosque El Pacashal, alt. 650-800 m, 10 July 1997, E. Rodriguez &

D. Pesantes 1663 (MO). Cuzco: Machu Picchu, alt. 2550-2800 m, 3 Jan. 1963, H.H. litis, C.M.

litis, D. & V. Ugent 1104 (K).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Munecas, near Consata, alt. 1200 m, 22 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vas-

quez 5705 (SEL).

This well-known, frequent species, or better, a species-complex, is widely dis¬

tributed through much of tropical America excluding the Antilles. It varies con¬

siderably in size vegetatively and florally, acquiring several names. In Central

America, it is known as Stelis endresii Rchb.f. It grades into the large Stelis

superbiens Lindl. of the Andes, known in Central America as Stelis leucopogon

Rchb.f., even into the tiny Stelis guianensis Rolfe.

The lip is classic type-C with a broad, smooth bar sloping forward from the

dorsum with a longitudinal glenion down to the shallowly concave margin. At the

center of the margin a minute apiculum is present. A variation with a cavity in

the forward slope of the bar, somewhere intermediate between type-A and type-C,

is seen in Fig. 353b.

132

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

30., Stelis ascendens Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin ascendens, "ascending," referring to the repent habit.

Syn.: Stelis vittata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 13(96), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin vittatus, "striped longitudinally," referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis amoena Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 36, 2002, not S.

amoena Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2002 [ =Acianthera parahybunensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, 2008}.

Ety.: From the Latin amoena, "pretty," referring to the plant.

Selected representative collections:

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, alt. 8,000 ft.. Col Hall s.n. (Holotype of S. ascendens: K);

Valley of Lloa, W. Jameson 92 (holotype of S. vittata : K); Valley of Lloa, W. Jameson 322 (BM, BR,

G, W);base of Pichincha on sides of ravines, (R.83) W. Jameson s.n. (AMES, K, W); forest of

Nanegal, 1854, W. Jameson s.n. (K); Quito, Karsten s.n. (W); between San Antonio and Calacali, alt.

2650 m, 14 Feb. 1978, P. Bamps 6256 (AMES, BR); between Cotocollao and Nono, alt. 3200 m, 29

Jan. 1974, G. Harling & L Andersson 11669 (AMES, GB); Cerro Azul, west flank of Volcan Iliniza,

2800 m, 23 Jan. 1987, C. Luer ; J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12457 (holotype of S. amoena Luer & Hirtz: MO).

Carchi: Nord Ecuador, Paramo de Tuza, alt. 2500-2800 m, 31 Jan. 1881, F.C. Lehmann 323 (W);

Mirador, north of El Playon de San Francisco, alt. 3300 m, 27 Nov. 1983, B. Eriksen & B. Boy sen

Larsen 45796 (AAU, QCA); between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2400 m, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T.

Hoijer 9950 (MO).

Imbabura: Laguna Cuicocha, west of Ibarra, alt. 3100 m, 24 May 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppe-

sen, B. Lpjtnant & B. 0lgaard 6367 (AAU, AMES); west of pass toward Apuela, alt. 2700 m, 4 Feb.

1986, C.H. Dodson 16315 (MO).

Tungurahua: Volcan Tungurahua above Banos, alt. 3000 m, 20 Aug. 1939, E. Asplund 2598 (AMES,

S); Juivi, north slope of Tungurahua, 2330 m, 7 Jan. 1962, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 1829 (MO).

Bolivar: Volcan Chimborazo, alt. 3000-3500 m, EC. Lehmann 8219 (AMES); west of Guaranda

toward Catarama, alt. 2500 m, 13 Mar. 1991, C. Luer et al. 15040 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: near Guarumales, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 17 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz

7705 (MO).

Loja: above Yangana, north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 10879 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: above Quebrada Honda, below Yangana, alt. 2100 m, 27 Mar. 1986, D. DA-

lessandro & H. Mendoza 557 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Yarumal, Raton Pelado, alt. 2790 m, 12 Sept. 1984, C.H. Dodson, R.

Escobar & E. Valencia 15281 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Merida: road to Santo Domingo, alt. 2700 m, 19 Aug. 1958, Pannier & Schwabe

1555 (AMES, VEN).

A caespitose example of Stelis ascendens Lindl. was described and illustrated

in leones Pleurothallidinae 24, Part One, Fig. 38., as S. amoena Luer & Hirtz.

Lindley first described the species from a collection by Colonel Hall, a friend of

Jameson, and a caespitose collection by Jameson was described by Lindley as S.

vittata. It is frequent and widely distributed from westernmost Venezuela to

southernmost Ecuador. Vegetatively, it is variable, probably depending on local

growing conditions, as it grows either epiphytically or terrestrially, and either as

ascending or caespitose. When ascending or creeping horizontally, the thick

rhizome bears ascending, erect ramicauls spaced evenly in a row, but when as¬

cending vertically, the rhizomes and ramicauls appear fasciculate. All variations

from long-scandent to densely fasciculate are seen in large collections.

A long, distichous, many flowered raceme often far surpasses the leaf. The

sepals are ovate, obtuse, and pubescent within; and the petals are rounded and

three-veined. The lip is thickly discoid, broader than deep, a variation of type-C,

and is shallowly concave with a rounded, thin margin. An elongated glenion

descends on the surface of the thick bar, with a glenion extending forward from

the densely pubescent base.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

133

152., 152a. Stelis atra Lindl., Orchid. Lind. 11(79), 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin ater , "dark," referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis dispar C.Schweinf., Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 177, 1951.

Ety.: From the Latin dispar, "unequal," referring to the sizes of the dorsal and lateral sepals.

Syn.: Stelis hallii var. atra (Lindl.) Garay & C.Schweinf., Orchid. Peru Suppl. 1: 11: 1970, nom.

illeg.

Syn.: Stelis epibator Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 152, 2004.

Ety.: From the Greek epibator , "a climber," referring to the scandent habit.

Selected representative collections:

VENEZUELA: Merida: Paramo de la Tulata, alt. 10,000 ft, 1842, J. Linden 687 (Holotype of S.

atra: K). Bocono-Guaramacal road, alt. 6,000-7,000 ft., Aug. 1961, G.C.K. Dunsterville 657 . Merida

: near summit of Serro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2745 m, 22 Apr. 1944, J.A. Steyer-

mark 56034 (holotype of S. dispar : AMES; isotype: F). Taehira: Paramo de la Negra, alt. 2700-2900

m, 29 Aug. 1966, J.A. Steyermark & M. Rabe 96920 (AMES, VEN).

COLOMBIA: Narino: Laguna bei Pasto, alt. 9,500 ft., 17 Oct. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (holotype of

S. hallii var. atra: W), nom. illeg.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Cerro Azul, west flank of Volcan Iliniza, alt. 2800 m, 23 Jan. 1987, C. Luer,

J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12461 (MO).

Napo: between Banos and Puyo, alt. 1600 m, 8 Oct. 1961, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 928 (SEL).

Tungurahua: slopes of Volcan Tungurahua above Banos, alt. 3000 m, 27 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9755 (MO).

Bolivar: Hda. Talahua, alt. 2700 m, 7 May 1939, C.W. Penland & R.H. Summers (AMES, COCO).

Morona-Santiago: between Sigsig and Gualaquiza, Campamento San Miguel, alt. 3000 m, 8 Apr.

1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strom 8052 (GB); Ave Maria Pass between Gualaceo and Limon,

alt. 3000 m, 7 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6120 (SEL); between Sigsig and Chiguinda, alt.

3100 m, 5 Feb. 1988, U. Molau, B. Eriksen & M. Fredrikson 2952 (GB); east of the pass southeast of

Sigsig, alt, 2950 m, 15 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz , A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13342 (K, MO).

Azuay: east of Cuenca, above Cumbe, alt. 2800 m, 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, E.

Sanchez & L Suin 19758 (holotype of S. epibator: MO); Lago Zorrogucho, alt. 3000 m, 10 Jan.

1958, C.H. Dodson 282 (MO); southwest of Cuenca toward Zorrogucho, alt. 3200 m, 17 Mar. 1984,

C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9535, 9536 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: south of Yangana, south of the pass, alt. 2600 m, 3 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A.

Andreetta, S. Dalstrom & D. D Alessandro 7125 (SEL); Nudo de Sabanilla, east of the pass to Valla¬

dolid, alt. 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1985, G. Harling & L Andersson 21546 (GB).

PERU: Huancavelica: Tayacaja, Montepungo, alt. 3000 m, 13 Jan. 1939, H.E. Strok & O.B. Horton

10385 (AMES, UC).

Stelis atra , a common colonizer of road embankments, is widely distributed

and locally abundant in the Andes at high altitudes between 2500 and 3000 meters

above sea level. It was first described by Lindley from a Venezuelan collection

by Jean Linden, and recently an Ecuadorian collection was described as S. epiba¬

tor Luer & Hirtz in leones Pleurothallidinae 26, Part Two, Fig. 152.

The species is characterized by a small, fasciculate-ascending habit, with

narrowly elliptical, petiolate leaves. One to three racemes, often shorter than the

leaf, bear several flowers that open simultaneously as the raceme lengthens. The

sepals are dark purple externally and often rose internally, which imparts a bluish

color, similar to the sepals of Stelis atrocaerulea Luer & Hirtz. The sepals are

broad and obtuse with the dorsal sepal noticeably larger than the lateral sepals.

The petals are transverse and three-veined, and the lip is type-A.

Morphologically, the flowers of Stelis atra are similar to those of S. hallii

Lindl., but the latter is characterized by racemes considerably longer than the

leaves and rounded, single-veined petals. The lips of both species are similar.

Stelis atra appears very similar in habit to S. atrocaerulea, which differs in having

single-veined petals and a bluntly apiculate, type-B lip, very similar to that of the

smaller S. pusilla Lindl. A yellow-flowered variation with a longer rhizome was

described as S. epibator Luer & Hirtz.

134

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

256. Stelis atroviolaceaRchb.f., Bonplandia3: 70, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin atroviolaceus, "deep violet," referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis papillosa Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 352, 1956.

Ety.: From the Latin papillosus, "papillose," in this case referring to pubescent sepals.

Syn.: Stelis lacunata Luer & Endara, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 33, 2007.

Ety.: From the Latin lacunatus , "hollowed out," referring to the deeply concave lip.

COLOMBIA: Old dept, of Ocana: San Pedro, alt. 1700 m, Mar. 18??, Wagener s.n. (Holotype of S.

atroviolacea : W), C. Luer illustr. 21251.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: vicinity of Patate, Hda. Leito, alt. 2800 m, 5 Aug. 1939, E. Asplund 8090

(holotype of S. papillosa : S; isotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21252, 2006.

Loja: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, above Nudo de Cajanuma, alt. 3000 m, 10 Apr. 1989, J.E.

Madsen 85972 (holotype of S. lacunata : AAU), C. Luer illustr. 20510, 2006.

Stelis atroviolacea was described by Reichenbach from a collection by

Wagener from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. A collection of this species

from westcentral Ecuador was described by Garay as Stelis papillosa ; a collection

from southeasternmost Ecuador was described and illustrated in leones

Pleurothallidinae 29, Part Three, Fig. 256., as S. lacunata Luer & Endara.

This species is apparently uncommon, but widely distributed. It is character¬

ized by a crowded raceme of dark purple flowers that surpasses the elliptical leaf.

The sepals are broadly ovate and obtuse, and covered by a long-haired pubes¬

cence. It is not papillose. The petals are broadly obtuse with a thickened margin

and a transverse callus. The distinctive lip is deeply concave behind a thin,

rounded margin and below a shelf-like bar.

251. Stelis attenuata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 2, no. 7, 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin attenuata , "attenuated," referring to the elongated raceme.

Syn.: Stelis eumeces Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 30, 2007.

Ety.: From the Greek eumekes , "of good length," referring to the inflorescence.

COLOMBIA: without locality, Purdie s.n. (Holotype of S. attenuata : K). Cauca: north slope of

Volcan Purace, Rio Palace, alt. 10,000 ft., 20 May 1878, EC. Lehmann s.n. (W).

ECUADOR: Loja: near Loja, Hiibsch s.n. (W).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre west of Otavalo, alt. ca. 2000 m, collected in 1979, flowered in cultivation at

SEL, 5 July 1981, C. Luer 6425 (holotype of S. eumeces : SEL).

PERU: Ayacucho: between Huanta and Rfo Apurimac, alt. 750-1000 m, 7 May, 1929, E.P. Killip &

A.C. Smith 23150 (AMES).

This species, described by Lindley from a Colombian collection by Purdie, is

uncommon, but widely distributed from southern Colombia to southern Peru. A

collection from northwestern Ecuador was described as Stelis eumeces Luer &

Hirtz in leones Pleurothallidinae 29, Part 3, Fig. 251. A hydrated flower from the

holotype is identical to the flower of the type of S. eumeces. The illustration

accompanying the description of the latter fails to show the five veins in the dorsal

sepal that were not copied in the inked version. The illustration by Elmer Smith

of S. attenuata Lindl. (Garay, 1980) also fails to show the five veins.

Stelis attenuata is a large plant with a long, many-flowered raceme of small

flowers that are loosely arranged low in the raceme, but progressively more dense¬

ly flowered higher in the raceme. The sepals are ovate, subacute and veined as

above. The three-veined petals with a transverse callus, and the type-A lip are

similar to those of numerous other species. Stelis attenuata is similar to the equal¬

ly large S. celsa Luer & Hirtz which has three-veined sepals.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

135

354. Stelis azuayensis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for the province of Azuay where the species occurs.

Species haec Stelidis esmeraldae Luer & Hirtz similis, sed racemo stricto multilongiore, bracteis

majoribus et petalis non proportione majoribus differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots filiform. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long, enclosed

by a loose tubular sheath and 1-2 shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute,

4-6 cm long including a petiole less than 1 cm long, the blade 1-1.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below

into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-3 erect, congested, many-flowered racemes, with numerous flowers

open simultaneously, 10-15 cm long including the peduncle 3-5 cm long, with a spathe 6-8 mm long,

from below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; flowers brownish violet fide the collector; sepals expanded, densely short-pubes¬

cent, glabrous externally, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 3.3

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 2.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely

reniform, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly rounded with a broad zone between

the margin and a transverse callus, concave basally; lip thickly subquadrate, 0.25 mm long, 0.6 mm

wide, 0.6 mm deep, concave anteriorly within the round, apical margin, the bar with a glenion, the

dorsum with a central, rounded callus continuous with the glenion, the base broadly truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 01.2 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther

and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Azuay: road from Sigsig to Gualaquiza, Campamento Moldon, above Moldon, alt. 2500-

3000 m, 11 Apr. 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strom 8227 (Holotype of S. azuayensis : GB), C.

Luer illustr. 21295.

This species from highland, southeastern Ecuador is similar in habit to Stelis

esmeraldae Luer & Hirtz from lowland, coastal Ecuador. It differs from the latter

by having one to three much longer, congested racemes with larger floral bracts.

The petals of S. esmeraldae are huge, at least thrice larger than the lip, while the

petals of S. azuayensis are only a trifle larger than the lip. The lips of the two

species vary only in minutia.

355. Stelis braccata Rchb.f. &Warsz., Bonplandia2: 114, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin braccatus, "wearing trousers," could he be referring to the cauline sheaths?

Syn.: Stelis minimiflora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 31, 1924.

Ety.: From the Latin minimiflorus , "minute-flowered," referring to the small size of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis pleistantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 36, 1924.

Ety.: From the Greek pleistantha , "most flowers," referring to the racemes.

Syn.: Apatostelis braccata (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ, 27: 187,

1980.

Syn.: Apatostelis minimiflora (Schltr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 189, 1980.

Syn.: Apatostelis pleistantha (Schltr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 190, 1980.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender, numerous. Ramicauls

fascicled, erect, slender, 2-7 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from near the middle and 2

sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-oblong, subacute, to narrowly

obtuse 3-8 cm long including a petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence a fascicle of 2-6 erect, congested, distichous, slightly flexuous, simultane¬

ously many-flowered racemes, 3-5 cm long, flowering from near the base, with a spathe 5-8 mm long

at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, subacute, 0.75-1.5 mm long;

pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5-1 mm long; sepals expanded above the middle, more or less re¬

curved, yellow, glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally into a cup for the central apparatus,

the dorsal sepal 1-1.25 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1-1.25 mm long, 0.8-1

mm wide, 3-veined, minutely apiculate; petals yellow, glabrous, cumeate with the apex broadly trun¬

cate, slightly thickened on the edge, 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, thick, oblong-

ovate, 0.6 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, 0.2 mm thick or deep, concave above the middle with the apex

obtuse, thickly callous below the middle, minutely pubescent above the base, the base broadly trun¬

cate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the anther and

the narrowly transverse stigma apical, the lobes confluent, the foot obsolescent.

136

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLUMBIA: "New Grenada," J. von R. Warszewicz s.n. (Holotype of S. braccata: W; Isotype:

AMES); without collection data, flowered in cultivation in Brussels, 8 Nov. 1912 (BR);

Narino: Vulcan Galeras near Pasto, alt. 3500 m, Mar. 1922, W. Hopp 171 (holotype of S. minimiflora

destroyed at B, neotype here designated, F.C. Lehmann 6140 (AMES); near Daza, northwest of Pasto,

alt. 2800 m, Jan. 1922, W. Hopp 139 (holotype of S. pleistantha : destroyed at B, neotype here desig¬

nated, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 9903 (MO)); Volcan Sotara, alt. 2800-3300 m, EC. Leh¬

mann 6140 (AMES).

VENEZUELA: Dist. Fed.: Caracas, R. Lansberg s.n. (W); GOK: Salom-Timerla road, May 1954,

G.C.K. Dunsterville 200.

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 1950 m, 2-4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal-

strom & T. Hoijer 9903 (MO).

Sucumbfos: near El Carmelo, alt. 3100 m, 26 Feb. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 12228 (GB).

Pichincha: west of Calacali, alt. 2550 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, C. & R Dodson

11045 (MO).

Pastaza: without locality, alt. 1700 m, A. Hirtz 1973 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20437.

Tungurahua: near Banos, alt. 1800 m, 24 Mar. 1956, E. Asplund 19902 (GB, S).

Loja: terrestrial, west of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2400-2700 m, 17 June 1979, B.

L0jtnant, A. & U. Molau 15039, 15040 (AAU, GB); south of Yangana, alt. 2250 m, 11 May 1981, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6176 (SEL); Nudo de Sabanilla, above Yangana, alt. 2300 m, 2 Apr. 1985,

G. Harling & L. Andersson 23552, 23608 (GB); TV road east of Yangana, alt, 2480 m, 4 Mar. 1982,

C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D. DAlessandro & S. Dalstrom 7190 (SEL).

Azuay: terrestrial between Cumbe and El Progresso, alt. 3200 m, 4 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S.

Wilhelm 367 (SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cachaco, between Loja and Zamora, 20 May 1980, D. DAlessandro 91 (SEL).

This species is widely distributed from coastal Venezuela into the Andes of

eastern Ecuador. It is characterized by densely fascicled ramicauls that are about

as long as the narrow leaves. One to six slender, congested, many-flowered

racemes of tiny flowers are shorter than the leaf, but occasionally some barely

reach about as high as the leaf. The sepals are minute and broadly ovate; the

petals are cuneate, barely thickened on the margin and single-veined; and the type-

B lip is oblong, obtuse, concave above the middle and thickly callous below the

middle.

The flower used by Dunsterville for the illustration of Stelis braccata in

Venezuelan Orchids was no doubt an old flower with a withered lip accounting for

the wrinkling and the pointed tip of the lip. The accompanying illustration made

from a rehydrated flower from the type agrees with Ecuadorian collections pre¬

viously identified as Stelis minimiflora Schltr.

78, Stelis calothece Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 121, 1915.

Ety.: From the Greek calothece, "beautiful case," probably referring to the flower.

Syn.: Stelis porphyrea Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 57, 2002.

Ety.: From the Greek porphyreus, "purple," referring to the plant and flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2.5 cm long, en¬

closed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf green, sometimes suffused with purple, erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, subacute to obtuse, 2.5-4 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, cuneate below into a petiole ca. 1 cm long.

Inflorescence an erect, distichous, sublax, simultaneously several-flowered raceme to 6 cm long in¬

cluding the peduncle ca. 3 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals white, rose, to purple, gla¬

brous externally, glabrous to shortly pubescent within, ovate, obtuse, 3-veined, connate basally, the

dorsal sepal 2.5-3.5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals 2.25-3.5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm

wide; petals broadly ovate, concave, without a transverse callus, broadly rounded at the apex, with a

thickened margin, 0.75-0.9 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thick, suborbicular, type-C, 0.6

mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, 0.3-0.5 mm deep, concave anteriorly with within thin margins with the

apex rounded, sharply apiculate, the the bar broadly rounded from a minutely pubescent base, with a

long, narrow glenion, the base truncate, hinged to an obsolescent column-foot; column stout, 0.8 mm

long, 0.8-1 mm wide, with the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

137

ECUADOR: Pichincha: forests of Volcan Pululahua near Niebly, July 1876, A. Sodiro s.n. (holotype

of S. calothece destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: BR); forest between San Miguel de los

Bancos and Mindo, alt. 2300 m, 1 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & A. Hirtz 9879

(holotype of S. porphyrea : MO).

Napo: forest around Bermejo Oil Fields north of Lumbaqui, alt. 850 m, 9 Feb. 1986, C. Luer ; J.

Luer ; A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Hirtz 11743 (MO); new road between Archidona and Coca, alt. 1000

m, 19 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrom & Amby 1387 (MO); Macas, cultivated by E. Sanchez in Cuenca, 26

July, 2004, A. Hirtz 8860 (MO).

Pastaza: near Puyo, alt. ca. 1000 m, July 1977, C. Luer et al. 1073 (SEL); between Rio Negro and

Mera, alt. 1500 m, 28 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J . Kuijt 9779 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: between Mendez and Morona, alt. 1000 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz 4141 (MO);

Chiviasa, east of Limon, alt. 1300 m, 21 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz & E. Sanchez 7027 (MO); near Bomboi-

za, cultivated by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 17 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz 7635 (MO); near Macas, cultivated in

Macas by S. Arevalo, 1 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19573 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2200 m, 2 Mar. 1982, C. Luer & A. Andreetta

7081 (SEL); south of pass south of Yangana, alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T.

Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9604 (MO); along Rio Valladolid above the town, alt. 1800 m, 16 Apr. 1986, D.

DAlessandro 583 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1300 m, 23 Jan. 1992, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16129 (MO).

Stelis calothece was described by Schlechter from a collection by Father Mille

in the well-known Pululahua crater near the equatorial marker north of Quito. A

relatively frequent species, described as Stelis porphyrea Luer & Hirtz in leones

Pleurothallidinae 24, Part One, Fig. 78., answers the description of S. calothece.

This small species, widely distributed in Ecuador, is related to the smaller

Stelis guianensis Rolfe and the much larger S. argentata Lindl. It is characterized

by a caespitose habit with leaves sometimes suffused with purple. The raceme is

simultaneously several-flowered, and exceeds the leaf in length. The sepals are

either shortly pubescent or glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, and more or less

equal; the petals are concave and three-veined; and the lip is type-C with a sharp

apiculum in the center of the apical margin.

356. Stelis carta Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek kartos, "shorn close," referring to the short, dense pubescence.

Species haec Stelidis pilosissimae Luer affinis, sed racemo subflexuouso longiore, sepalis densis-

sime brevipubescentibus ad basim concavis, et labello proportione majore differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-2.5 cm long,

enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, long-petiolate, 3.5-5 cm long including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long,

1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loose, distichous, sub-

flexuous, successively flowering raceme, to 12 cm long, including the peduncle ca. 2 cm long, with

few flowers open simultaneously, with a slender spathe ca. 5 mm long below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts oblique, acute, 2.5 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals dark pur¬

ple, expanded, slightly convex, concave basally, densely short-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal

broadly ovate, 4 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide,

4-veined; petals cream, transverse ovate-triangular, concave below the apical margin thick, broadly

rounded, margin, 1.3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, concave basally below a broad, transverse

callus; lip cream, thick, subsemiorbicular, 0.8 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 1.3 mm deep, shallowly

concave within a broadly rounded margin, the bar with a superficial glenion, the dorsum narrowly

oblong, pubescent, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, terete, 1

mm long, 1 mm wide, the anther and bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Pangui Alto, alt. 1000 m, cultivated by Lester Lapo at Ecuagenera,

July 2004, A. Hirtz 8791 (Holotype of S. carta : MO), C. Luer illustr. 20951.

This species, known only from the collection of the type in southeastern

Ecuador, appears superficially similar to Stelis pilosissima Luer, but it differs

from the latter by a longer, subflexuous raceme. The flowers are of similar size,

but the dense pubescence of S. carta Luer & Hirtz is very short, and the similar,

thickly discoid lip, a variation of type-A, is proportionately larger. The sepals are

concave basally to acommodate the petals and lip.

138

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

357. Stelis ciliaris Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 353, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin ciliaris , "ciliate," referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis atropurpurea Hook., Hooker's Bot. Mag. 69, t. 3975, 1842.

Ety.: From the Latin atropurpureus, "dark purple," referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis micrantha v ar. atropurpurea (Hook.) Josst, Orchid. 38, 1851.

Syn.: Stelis confusa Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 386, 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin confusus, "confused," alluding to the status of the species.

Syn.: Stelis jimenezii Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 389, 445, 1918.

Ety.: Named for the collector, O. Jimenez.

Syn.: Stelis pendulispica Ames, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 2(6): 85, 1934.

Ety.: From the Latin pendulispicus, "with pendulent spike," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis fimbriata R.K.Baker, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55(1): 68, 1968.

Ety.: From the Latin fimbriatus, "fimbriate," referring to the ciliate sepals.

Syn.: Stelis gratiosa Luer, Selby ana 5(2): 192, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin gratiosa , "favorite, lovely," referring to pleasing qualities of the plant.

Syn.: Apatostelis ciliaris (Lindl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 188, 1980.

Syn.: Apatostelis pendulispica (Ames) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 190, 1980.

Syn.: Apatostelis garayi Dunst., Bull. Amer. Orchid. Soc. 50: 1075, 1981.

Syn.: Stelis garayi (Dunst.) Camevali & I.Ramirez, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(3): 556, 1990,

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender to

stout, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate,

subacute to obtuse, 9-15 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, cuneate below

into the petiole. Inflorescence a more or less drooping, dense, distichous, cylindrical, many-flowered

raceme with many flowers open simultaneously, 8-17 cm long including the peduncle 2-8 cm long,

sparsely bracted, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, infundibular,

1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long; sepals expanded, red-purple, glistening

cellular, thinly ciliate, longer ciliate toward the apex, glabrous externally, connate basally, ovate,

obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2.5-5 mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 2.5-5 mm long, 2-

4.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, transversely cuneate-obovate, shallowly concave, 0.8-1.25 mm

long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly rounded with the margin thickened; lip purple,

obovoid, shallowly concave, 1-2 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the base trans¬

versely thickened with a small glenion, truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1

mm long, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the confluent stigma apical.

MEXICO: Without locality: T. Hartweg s.n. (Holotype of S. ciliaris : K). Veracruz: Mirador, culti¬

vated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Feb. 1839, Feb. 1839, J. Linden 213 (K); Mirador, alt.

3,000 ft., Nov. 1911, C. Heller s.n. (W). Without locality: A.R. Endres 32 (W); flowered in cultiva¬

tion by the late Duke of Bedford at Woburn, Feb. 1839, sent by Mr. Parkinson , s.n. (holotype of S.

atropurpurea : K); Zacuapan, Mar. 1913, C.A. Purpus 2122 (holotype of S. confusa destroyed at B;

AMES ill 23706 of holotype). Veracruz: Amatlan de los Reyes, alt. 650 m, 26 June 1990, C. Huerta

32 (AMO). Campeche: Ruinas de Chincana, 20 Mar. 1984, E. Hagsater & R. Triay 2319 (MEXU,

MO). Quintana Roo: between San Jose and Tomas Garrido, 8 May 1980, O. Tellez 2152 (MEXU).

Chiapas: between Ocosingo and Palenque, alt. 244 m, 21 Feb. 1977, Thurston 1402 sub E. Hagsater

5003 (AMO, MO).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Chocon plantation, 26 Mar. 1885, S. Watson 361 (AMES); near

Coban, flowered in cultivation by O. Mittlestaedt in Coban, 29 Nov. 1990, C. Luer 14864 (MO).

Peten; forest of Tikal, alt. 180 m, 22 Feb. 1981, C. Luer & J. Luer 5860 (SEL). Izabal: vicinity of

Quirigua, alt. 75-225 m, 15 May 1922, P.C. Standley 23900 (AMES).

BELIZE: Yeacos Lagoon, 7 Mar. 1907, M.E. Peck 925 (AMES); Maskall, 31 Mar. 1934, PH.

Gentle 1196 (AMES, MO); Toledo district, Cowpen, Swasey, branch of Monkey River, 30 Mar.

1942, PH. Gentle 4014 (AMES).

HONDURAS: Atlantida: slopes of Mt. Cangrejal, along Danto river, alt. 800 m, 30 July 1938, T.G.

Yuncker et al. 8709 (AMES, MO).

NICARAGUA: Zelaya: between Suina and Rosita, alt. 450 m, A.H. Heller 4664 (SEL).

COSTA RICA: San Jose: La Verbena, Alajuelita, 25 Feb. 1912, O. Jimenez 621 (Holotype destroyed

at B; lectotype for S. jimenezii Schltr. here designated: CR); Candelaria, El Salvaje, alt. 1700 m, 3

Aug. 1925, (holotype of S. pendulispica : AMES). Cartago: Estrella valley, Pandora, alt. 50 m, 25

Sept. 1925, A Alfaro 141 (AMES, US).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

139

PANAMA: Panama: Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar. 1976, flowered in cultivation 8 May 1977, C.

Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 1619 (holotype of S. gratiosa: SEL); Cerro Jefe, mossy forest near summit,

alt. 2900 ft., 11 Feb. 1967, R.K. Baker 249 (holotype of S. fimbriata Baker: MO, missing, neotype for

S. fimbriata here designated: A. Gentry & S. Mori 13182 : MO).

Darien: Cerro Tacarcuna, Serrania del Darien, alt. 700 m, A. Gentry & S. Mori 13182 : MO);

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Salto Paravan, Rio Yuruan, alt. ca. 250 m, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1418 (holo¬

type of S. garayi : AMES).

ECUADOR: El Oro: northwest of Zaruma, alt. 1250-1500 m, 21 Apr. 1989, C.H. Dodson, N. Wil¬

liams, R. Dressier & A. Embree 18031 (MO); Zaruma, alt. 1300 m, cultivated by Ecuagenera, Guala-

ceo, 7 July 2002, A. Hirtz 8331 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20206.

This species is relatively frequent and variable in its wide distribution from

Mexico through Panama, with a population in southwestern Ecuador, where

several other Central American species occur. Usually the sepals are about two

millimeters long and broad, but unusually large flowers with sepals up to five

millimeters long occur. This large variation was described by Schlechter as Stelis

jimenezii , and S. gratiosa by Luer. Usually the sepals are long-ciliate, especially

toward the apices, but these fine, cellular hairs are often difficult to see or lost on

dried specimens, which accounts for the descriptions by Schlechter of S. confusa

and S. jimenezii .

Stelis ciliaris is a distinctive species with the cylindrical, more or less drooping

raceme of numerous, densely packed, purple flowers with purple, ciliate sepals.

The cuneate petals are not remarkable except for their small size, but the lip is

obovoid, shallowly concave below a small glenion, and with the apex broadly

rounded.

358. Stelis coarctata Luer, sp. nov..

Ety.: From the Latin coarctatus , "compressed, shortened," referring to the very short ramicauls.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots proportionately thick. Ramicauls erect, proportionately

stout, 1 mm or less long, and enclosed by a tubular sheath about the same length. Leaf erect, thickly

coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, subpetiolate or very shortly petiolate, 7-13 mm long, 4.5-5.2 mm wide,

2.5 mm thick, broadly cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, secund

secund, several-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, to 4.5 cm long including the

peduncle 2.5 cm long, from near the base of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute,

1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; flowers yellow; sepals glabrous externally,

microscopically cellular-pubescent, broadly ovate, obtuse, deeply connate to near the middle, with the

margins delineated, the dorsal sepal, 1.75 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique,

1 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely ovate, 0.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-

veined, the apex broadly rounded, thickened, concave below a transverse calllus; lip thick, subqua¬

drate, 0.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with a small glenion,

the apex obtuse, the dorsum with pubescent, midline callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the

column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma

apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1650 m, 21 Jan.

1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup & P. Jesup 14047 (MO).

This small species, known only from the original collection, is similar in habit

to Stelis coriifolia Lindl. from coastal Venezuela. The ramicaul is very short,

reduced to one millimeter long. The erect, overlapping leaves are thickly ellipti¬

cal, and are far surpassed by the tiny-flowered raceme. The sepals are three-

veined, deeply connate and broadly obtuse; the petals are single-veined and trans¬

versely ovate with a thickened margin; and the subquadrate lip is obtuse with a

pubescent callus on the dorsum.

140

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

359. Stelis columnaris Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 15(144), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin columnaris, "columnar," in allusion to the elongated column.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, ascending to long-repent, up to 30 cm long or longer, the rhi¬

zome stout, 1.5-3 cm long between ramicauls; roots slender at base original ramicaul. Ramicauls

ascending, stout, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellipti-

cal-obovate, subacute, 3.5-6 cm long including a petiole 0.5-1 cm long, 0.7-1.4 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, flexible, congested, distichous, simultaneously

several- to many-flowered raceme, 9-11 cm long including the peduncle 4-6 cm long, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long;

ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals connate basally to form a cup, expanded above, papillose, purple or

yellow, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate 1 mm, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals 2.5 mm long, 2.4 mm wide, 3-veined; petals thin, concave, transversely elliptical-ob¬

long, the apex transverse with the margin slightly thickened, with the ends rounded, 0.5 mm long, 1.3

mm wide; lip discoid, suborbicular, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded

with a microscopic apiculum, shallowly concave anteriorly with a very small glenion at the bar, the

dorsum flat, pubescent, truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column slender, erect, with the

gynostemium elongate, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide across the stigmatic lobes, the foot obsolescent, the

anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: west side of the Andes, 1854, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. columnaris:

K); road cut west of Nono, alt. 3200 m, 9 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 777 (SEL); near

Lloa, alt. 2700 m, 27 Oct. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4353 (SEL); between Tandayapa and

Mindo, alt. 2320 m, 13 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstrom 7281, 7293, 7303, 7304 (SEL);

mining road above Minas Toachi, alt. 2000 m, 27 Feb. 1982, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 104, 116 (SEL);

new road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 2100 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T.

Hoijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9813 (MO); above Tandapi, alt. 2100 m, 31 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. & X. Hirtz 11026, 11027 (MO); Rio Alambi, between Nono and Nanegal, alt. 2250 m, 24 Feb.

1985, U. Molau & L Ohman 1388 (GB); between Chiriboga and Santo Domingo, alt. 1950 m, 28

May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13710 (MO); near Los Bancos, alt. 1650 m, 25 Feb. 2001, collected by

S. Dalstrom & L. Jost, C. Luer 19528 (MO); between Calacali and Nanegalito, alt. 2000 m, 9 Mar.

2001, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 19875 (MO).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4235 (MO); Cotacachi, around

the lake, alt. 2900-3100 m, 30 Jan. 1992, M. Penafiel, P. Mendez & M. Tamayo 895 (MO, QCNE).

Bolivar: west of Salinas and La Palma, alt. 2000 m, 10 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al.

14969 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in the forests of central Ecuador. An

elongated shaft of the column is a character shared by Stelis eustylis Luer & Hirtz,

a species found nearby. Stelis columnaris is characterized by a repent habit with

ascending ramicauls. Lindley's type is a small fragment that does not show the

rhizome. The leaves are narrowly elliptical and surpassed by a congested raceme

with small, purple or yellow flowers. The broad, obtuse sepals are papillose

within. The petals are transverse, thin and small, reaching only part way up the

back of the elongated column. The lip is thin and discoid, a variation of type-C.

360. Stelis complanata Luer & F.Werner, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin complanatus, "compressed," referring to the peduncle.

Species haec Stelidis platystachyae Garay & Dunst. affinis, sed habitu floribusque minore, sepalis

dense villosis, petalis uninervosis, et labello ad dorsum dense villoso differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4 cm

long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, long-petiolate, 4-5.5 cm long including a petiole 1-1.5 cm

long, 1-1.1 cm wide in the dry state, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

loose, distichous, slightly flexuous, successively flowering raceme, to 30 cm long, including a slender,

compressed peduncle 20 cm long, with several flowers open simultaneously, with a slender spathe 7-8

mm long below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3

mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals pale lilac, expanded, slightly convex with margins more or less

recurved, densely long-pubescent within, elliptical, obtuse, connate to near the base, 3-veined, the

dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, the lateral sepals 1.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; petals lilac, thin,

suborbicular, concave below the broadly rounded apex with a narrow, rounded margin, 0.8 mm long,

STELIS OF ECUADOR

141

2.2 mm wide, 1-veined; lip lilac, thick, subsemiorbicular, 0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep,

concave anteriorly within the broadly rounded margin, the bar thick with rounded margin with a

narrow, central glenion, continuing on the dorsum into a broad, long-villous callus, the base broadly

truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, terete, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anther

and bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt.

2010 m, 7 Feb. 2005, F. Werner 1481 (Holotype of S. complanata Luer & F.Wemer: MO; Isotype:

LOJA), C. Luer illustr. 20928.

This species, apparently endemic in southeastern Ecuador, is similar to Stelis

platystachya Garay & Dunst., which also occurs in southeastern Ecuador but in

Colombia and Venezuela as well. Most unusual is the compressed rachis, which

is thin and narrow in S. complanata , and broader in S. platystachya. The sepals

of S. complanata are also narrower, but densely long-villous; the petals are round,

concave and single-veined; and the bar of the lip is thick and rounded with a

densely villous callus on the dorsum.

67., 67a., 67b. Stelis concinna Lindl., J. Bot. 1: 11, 1834; Folia Orchid. Stelis

6(34), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin concinnus, "neat, elegant," referring to the plant.

Syn.: Stelis flexuosa Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12(79): 397, 1843.

Ety.: From the Latin flexuosus , "flexuous," referring to the zigzag rachis.

Syn.: Stelis capillipes Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 240, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin capillipes , "capillary-footed," referring to the hair-like peduncle and rachis.

Syn.: Stelis longihirta Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 51, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin longihirtus, "long-hairy," referring to the sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-12 mm long, en¬

closed by 2-3 loose, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse,

10-22 mm long including a petiole 2-5 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor¬

escence a suberect, arching, flexible, flexuous, lax, successively many-flowered raceme with 1-3

flowers open simultaneously, 3-15 cm long including the peduncle 1-4 cm long, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, acuminate, 1-1.25 mm long; pedicels 1.5

mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals rose or purple, similar, ovate, obtuse, with the margins often

revolute, long-pubescent, especially toward the apices, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1.5-2.25 mm

long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals widely spread, 1.25-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide;

petals purple, transversely elliptical-oblong, thin, shallowly concave, 0.75-1 mm long, 0.8-1.25 mm

wide, the apex broadly rounded, narrowly thickened on the margin; lip purple, cuneate, 0.5-0.75 mm

long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, the apex obtuse, thickened centrally, shallowly sulcate, extending forward

anteriorly as a narrow glenion, minutely pubescent at the base, the base truncate, hinged to the base of

the column; column stout, 0.5-0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Los Rios: foot of Pisagua without date, Col Hall s.n. (Holotype of S. concinna Lindl.:

K; without data, Col. Hall s.n., drawing at K).

Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2100 m, 20 May 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6054 (AAU, AMES).

Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, (R.77), W. Jameson 265 (holotype of S. capillipes: W, isotypes: AMES,

BM, BR, G, K, LE); forests of the Andes, alt. 10,000 ft., W. Jameson 77 (K, W); Quito, Karsten s.n.

(W); Calacalf, alt. 3,000 m, 30 Nov. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 356 (G, W); above Tandayapi, alt. 2500 m,

31 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & X. Hirtz 11015 (MO); west flank of Iliniza, Cerro Azul, alt.

2800 m, 23 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12454 (K, MO); new road to Nanigalito, alt. 2200

m, 15 Feb. 1988, U. Molau & B. Eriksen 3046 (GB).

Imbabura: La Floresta, near Sigsipamba, alt. 8,900 ft., 6 Sept: 1944, W.B. Drew E-261, 269

(AMES); Selva Alegre, alt. 2850 m, 6 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 9978 (MO).

Carchi: eastern slopes of Tulcan alt. 3,200 m, 4 Feb. 1881, F.C. Lehmann 357 { W).

Tungurahua, Valle de Leito, Apr. 1859, R. Spruce 5951 (K, W).

Morona-Santiago: north of the pass north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1700 m, 17 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11878 (holotype of S. longihirta: MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: new road between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13600 (MO); Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and

Zamora, alt. 2300 m, 23 Mar. 2004, F. Werner 864 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuen-

tros, alt. 1300 m, 19 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13476 (MO).

142

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

VENEZUELA: Falcon: Sierra de San Luis near Curimagua, alt. 4,000 ft., collected by C. Garcia,

cultivated Oct. 1959 by G.C.K. Dunsterville 522.

Tachira: Paramo de Tama, alt. 2400 m, 6 June 1967, G.C.K. Dunsterville 77. and Oct. 1959, GCKD

522.

COLOMBIA: data lost, Killip 34080

PERU: Huanuco: Casapi, Mathews 1909 (holotype of S. flexuosa: K, sterile).

This species is variable and relatively frequent in the Andes of Ecuador, and

apparently less frequent in the other Andean nations. Lindley first described it as

Stelis concinna from a fragment collected by Colonel Hall, who was known to

have collected aroud Quito and Cuenca. Reichenbach described S. capillipes from

a collection near Quito by Jameson. It was identified by Lindley as the same as

his S. flexuosa which he had described from a Peruvian collection by Mathews.

Lindley had both Mathews's collection and the Ecudorian collection by Jameson

mounted on the same sheet. A recent collection with a strict raceme with a few

flowers open simultaneously was described as Stelis longihirta Luer & Hirtz in

leones Pleurothallidinae 24, Part One, Fig. 67. A more typical specimen is il¬

lustrated herein in Fig. 67a.

This small, densely caespitose species is recognized by the long, hair-like,

flexible, fiexuous, successively flowered racemes that eventually far surpass the

leaves. The widely spread and long-pubescent sepals are ovate, but often appear

narrow because of sides that are often revolute. When the sides of the sepals are

recurved, as they usually are around Quito, the flowers present a distinctly differ¬

ent appearance. Smaller flowers with nonrecurved sepals, typical of Stelis con¬

cinna, occur in southeastern Ecuador. The petals are broad, thin and single-

veined. The type-A lip is cuneate and filled with the bar thick and shallowly cleft

with a glenion.

53. Stelis cuencana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 53, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Cuenca, the nearest city to the remote Chigiiinda where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis excavata Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 44, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin excavatus, "with a cavity," referring to the concave labellum.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: forests around Chiqiiinda, east Andes of Cuenca, alt. 1600-2000 m,

F. C. Lehmann 6564 (Holotype of S. cuencana destroyed at B: Lectotype here designted: K); around

Campamento Guarumales, alt. 1650 m, 24 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta & L. Morocho

15247 (holotype of S. excavata: MO); between Indanza and Limon, alt. 1300-1600 m, 23 Mar. 1974,

G. Harling & L. Andersson 12788 (GB); north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1450 m, 16 Apr. 1985, G. Harling

& L. Andersson 24166 (GB, QCA); north of Gualaquiza, road to Indanza, alt. 1700 m, 17 Apr. 1985,

G. Harling & L Andersson 24247 (AMES); Plan de Milagro, between Limon and Indanza, alt. 1600

m, 24 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 24540 (AMES, GB); Valle de Calagras, alt. 1500 m, 17

May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13411 (MO).

Pastaza: near Mera, alt. ca. 1100 m, 27 Mar. 1968, G. Harling, G. Strom & B. Strom 7867 (GB).

This large, small-flowered species is relatively frequent but restricted to south¬

eastern Ecuador. It was first described by Schlechter from a collection by

Lehmann, and described and illustrated from a recent collection as Stelis excavata

in leones Pleurothallidinae 24, Part One, Fig. 53. Lehmann's collection was

destroyed at Dahlem (Berlin).

Stelis cuencana is by characterized by one or two crowded, many-flowered

racemes usually exceeding the elliptical leaf. The sepals are equally ovate and

pubescent within. The type-A lip is thick, subspherical, concave anteriorly with

protruding margins, obtusely angled above, continuous with the rounded apex, the

bar deeply concave anteriorly with thick margins of the glenion. The short,

obtuse acumen, described on the lip by Schlechtei; is not present on a hydrated

flower of the lectotype.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

143

361. Stelis debilis Luer, Phytologia 49(3): 227, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin debilis , "weak," referring to the habit of the plant.

Plant small, epiphytic, scandent, repent, the rhizome slender, 5-13 mm long between ramicauls;

roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, erect, slender, 8-15 mm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular

sheaths, and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 15-

25 mm long including the petiole 5-7 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor¬

escence an erect, lax, distichous, slightly flexuous, few-flowered raceme, with 1-2 flowers open simul¬

taneously, ca. 4 cm long including the peduncle 2 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals

yellow, glabrous externally, cellular-papular within, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal

sepal slightly convex, 1.75 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, transversely ovate-triangular, 0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 3-veined,

the apex broadly subacute, with the margin thickened and flat, shallowly concave at the contracted

base; lip yellow, thickly triangular, 0.3 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 0.6 mm deep, the apex narrowly

rounded and thick, shallowly concave anteriorly with a glenion on the callus, the dorsum with a low,

rounded callus, the base truncate, hinged to the column; column stout, 0.3 mm long, 0.75 mm wide,

the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: near Rio Calagras, alt. 1600 m, 19 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer et

al 5486 (Holotype of S. debilis Luer: SEL); same area, alt. 1550 m, 19 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Jesup & P. Jesup 14006 (MO); Guarumales, A. Hirtz 7722 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20429.

Napo: forest along the new road to Coca, north of Archidona, alt. 1200 m, 13 Apr. May 1985, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11228 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: near pass between Loja and Zamora, alt. 3000 m, 8 Mar. 1990, J.E. Madsen

86984 (AAU, LOJA).

This small, repent species is characterized by a slender rhizome, ramicauls less

than a centimeter and a half long, petiolate leaves less than two and a half cen¬

timeters long, and a twice longer, lax, few-flowered raceme. The three-veined

sepals are obtuse; the petals are thickly subacute and three-veined; and the type-A

lip with a thick, obtuse apex is about as long as deep.

362. Stelis declivis (Lindl.) Luer, Selbyana23(l): 44, 2002.

Bas.: Pleurothallis declivis Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleurothallis 36, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin declivis , "sloping down," referring to the decurved raceme.

Syn.: Humboldtia declivis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

Syn.: Physosiphon inaequisepalus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 50, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin inaequisepalus, "with unequal sepals," referring to the longer lateral sepals.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent, 3-10 cm long, the rhizome slender, 3-5 mm long between rami¬

cauls; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, ascending, erect, 8-15 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 2-5 cm long including a petiole

1-3 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, 2-2.5 mm thick, the base gradually narrowed into the petiole. Inflores¬

cence a subcongested, more or less simultaneously several-flowered raceme up to 12 cm long, de¬

curved from the slender peduncle, 3-6 cm long, borne from the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5-

2 mm long; pedicels 1-3 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals light to dark purple, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal ovate to broadly ovate, concave, obtuse, 3-3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate

to the lateral sepals for 0.3 mm, the lateral sepals free, oblong, obtuse, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.25 mm wide,

3-veined; petals glabrous, translucent, oblong-quadrate, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 1-veined,

the apex subtruncate with the margin thickened; lip greenish white to purple, oblong-obovate, 1.5 mm

long, 0.8-1 mm wide, the apical half oblong, concave, broadly rounded at the apex with incurved

margins, with a low, rounded callus in the center, the basal half oblong-subquadrate, covered with

dense mat of long hairs that articulates with a mat of pubescence on the column-foot without a hinge;

column wingless, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, the anther subapical and the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: on trunks of trees on the mountains of Pillahum, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype

of Pleurothallis declivis Lindl.: K); Valley of Lloa, W. Jameson 326 (W); "Quito," W. Jameson s.n.

(W); near Nono, alt. 2700 m, 16 Apr. 1956, E. Asplund 20282 (AMES, S).

Imbabura: paramo north of Ibara, alt. 3700-3800 m, 25 May 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6480 (AAU, SEL); paramo between Ibarra and Mariano Acosta, alt. 3500-

3600 m, 9 Aug. 1976, B. 0lgaard & Balslev 8646 (AAU, MO); Mariano Acosta, alt. 3300 m, Aug.

1997, A. Hirtz & E. Sanchez 6585 (MO).

144

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Azuay: above Biblian, Oct. 1864, W. Jameson s.n. (AMES, W); above Maribinia near Cuenca, alt.

9,000-11,000 ft., 3 Sept. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (AMES, W); Tinagillas, near Nabon, alt. 3800 m,

F.C. Lehmann 8216 (AMES); Paramo de Tinajillas, south of Cumbe, alt. 3200 m, B. L0jtnant, A. &

U. Molau 14948 (AAU, GB); new road west of Zorrogucho, alt. 3250 m, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9521 (MO); above Lago Zorrogucho, alt. 3200 m, 15 Feb. 1986, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11785 (MO); above Molleturo, alt. 2800 m, 21 July

1985, C.H. Dodson, P.M. & T.A. Dodson & A. Embree 15938 (MO); road to Molleturo, alt. 10,500

ft., collected by C. Head, cultivated by J&L Orchids 1288-304, 10 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13824 (MO);

Paramo de Tinajillas, south of Cumbe, road to Ona, alt. 3300 m, 28 Jan. 1988, V. Molau, B. Eriksen

& M. Fredriksen 2714 (AAU, GB, QCA).

PERU: Huanuco: Mito, alt. ca. 2700 m, 8-18 Apr. 1923, J.F. Macbride 3370 (holotype of Physosi-

phon inaequisepalus Schltr. destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: AMES; isotypes F, W).

This little species had been residing in Pleurothallis R.Br., its true relationship

being unrecognized. It is characterized by a loose, arching raceme, about twice as

long as the leaves, and with small flowers that superficially resemble species

formally called Pleurothallis. The thick leaves are narrow, only slightly longer

than the ramicauls that are produced along a creeping rhizome. The obtuse dorsal

sepal is concave; the lateral sepals are oblong and free; the petals are subquadrate

and truncate with the apical margin thickened; and the type-B lip is concave

beyond the bar and with a brush-like callus below the middle, as commonly seen

in many species of Stelis. The brush-like callus meets a similar brush-like patch

of hairs on the under surface of the column. The column is short, semiterete,

wingless, and unhooded with the anther subapical, and the stigma entire.

363. Stelis discolor Rchb.f., Bonplandia3: 241, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin discolor , "of different colors," referring to the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis barbicollis Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 9(66), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin barbicollis , "bearded neck," referring to the column.

Syn.: Stelis pilostylis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 123, 1915.

Ety.: From the Latin pilostylis , "a hairy style," referring to the column.

Syn.: Stelis sodiroi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 124, 1915.

Ety.: Named for Father Aloisius Sodiro who collected many species in Ecuador.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm

long, mostly enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and another sheath below. Leaf erect, thickly coria¬

ceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 5-9 cm long, 1-1.2 cm wide, gradually nar¬

rowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, congested, secund, many-flowered

raceme, with most flowers open simultaneously, 10-15 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long,

from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, obtuse, 1.5 mm long; pedicels

1.75 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals fleshy, glabrous externally, minutely pubescent within, broad¬

ly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2.6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals broadly oblong, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-

veined, shallowly concave below the broadly obtuse, thickened, cellular margin; lip ovate-rhomboid, 1

mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the apex obtuse, shallowly concave anterior to a low, longitu¬

dinal thickening, with a narrow glenion, the base truncate, densely short-pubescent, hinged to the base

of the column; column stout, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the body of the column pubescent, the anther

and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: base of Pichincha, in ravines, W. Jameson 691 (Holotype of S. discolor : W,

Isotypes: AMES, BM, BR, G, K); base of Pichincha, suburbs of Quito, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of

S. barbicollis: K); terrestrial and lithophytic in intermediate regions, L Mille 4 (holotype of S. pilosty¬

lis: QPLS, isotype: BR); without locality, terrestrial in forest, L. Mille 3 (holotype of S. sodiroi:

QPLS, isotype: BR); West Cayambe, alt. 3000 m, 15 July 1983, A. Hirtz 1148 (MO), C. Luer illustr.

20484.

Bolivar: Valley of Rio Chimbo, near Guaranda, alt. 2800 m, ca. 1930, A. Rimbach 674 (AMES, F).

COLOMBIA: Narino; near Pasto, alt. 9,500 ft., 11 Oct. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W).

This species is uncommon today, but it apparently was more abundant a cen¬

tury ago, even within the city of Quito. It is characterized by stout ramicauls that

are considerably shorter than thick, narrow leaves. A congested, many flowered

STELIS OF ECUADOR

145

raceme exceeds the leaf. The sepals are ovate and thick; the petals are transverse¬

ly oblong, and the lip is elliptical, subacute and shallow. Centrally it is thickened

with a narrow, longitudinal glenion, and basally it is densely pubescent adjacent to

the shaft of the column which is also densely shortly pubescent, an observation

first made by Lindley with his loupe and one eye.

364. Stelis discophylla Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek discophyllus, referring to the subcircular leaves.

Planta mediocris robusta breviter repens, foliis subcircularibus racimis congestis multibrevioribus,

sepalis obtusis longipubescentibus, petalis tenuibus uninervis et labello ad apicem rotundo distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly repent, the rhizome stout, as thick as, or

thicker than the ramicaul, to 5 mm long; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending to erect, stout, 2.5-4 cm

long, enclosed by 3-4 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, broadly elliptical, the apex

broadly obtuse to rounded, 3-4 cm long excluding a petiole 5-7 mm long, the blade 2.5-3 cm wide,

rounded below, contracted into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, several-

flowered raceme, with 2-3 flowers open simultaneously, ca. 15 mm long including the peduncle ca. 8

mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul within the sheath; floral bracts broadly

infundibular, oblique, obtuse, 2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals purple-

brown, long-pubescent, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, thin, broadly

obovate, 0.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, shallowly concave, broadly rounded with a thin margin;

lip yellow, thickly triangular, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded,

very shallowly concave anterior to the bar, with a narrow glenion, the dorsum with a broad, low cal¬

lus, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot

obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Imbabura: "Junrn, west Imbabura, north side of Toisan," alt. 1200 m, 2007, A. Hirtz et

al. 9193 (Holotype of S. discophylla : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21272.

This species, known from only a single collection from northwestern Ecuador,

is distinct with nearly round, more or less overlapping leaves bom by stout rami¬

cauls that are bom by an even stouter, more or less repent rhizome. The small

flowers are borne in a short, congested raceme. The sepals are obtuse and long-

pubescent within; the petals are thin and single-veined; and the lip is broadly

rounded and shallowly concave.

365. Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 1: 47, 1838.

Ety.: From the Latin distichus , "in two opposite rows," referring to the flowers in the raceme.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 4-7

cm long, mostly enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and another sheath below. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 7-15 cm long including a petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade

1.5-2.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-

flowered raceme, with several flowers open simultaneously, 10-20 cm long including the peduncle 1-4

cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul within the sheath; floral bracts conspicuous,

conduplicate, imbricating, oblique, acute, 9 mm long below, 6 mm long above, 3 mm wide; pedicels 3

mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the

dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 3.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 2.75 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined; petals purple, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, shallowly

concave below the broadly obtuse, thickened margin, deeply concave at the base; lip purple, thickly

triangular, 0.9 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 0.9 mm deep, the apex broadly obtuse, shallowly concave

anterior to the transverse bar, with a narrow glenion, the dorsum with a narrow callus continuous with

the glenion, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide,

the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

PERU: Huanuco: Cuchero, subandine, Dec. 1829, E. Poeppig 1605 (Holotype of S. disticha : W;

Isotype: G); Casapi, 1835, Mathews 1913 (K).

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: south of Macas, alt. 1050 m, 15 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz , A. & P. Jesup 13901 (MO); between Macas and Guamote, alt. 1500 m, A. Hirtz. X. Hirtz & J.

del Hierro 6055 (MO).

146

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This large species, described from a collection by Poeppig in Peru, is easily

recognized by the strong, ceaspitose habit; large, elliptical leaves borne by signifi¬

cantly shorter ramicauls clad in loose sheaths; and an elongated raceme with large,

imbricating, distichous, floral bracts. The flowers protrude from the bract below

the tip. The sepals are broadly obtuse; the petals are broad and overlapping above

the column; and the type-A lip is obtuse with a narrow glenion.

366. Stelis donaxopetala Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for similarity of the petals to shells of Donax, a genus of mollusks with small, bi-

valved clams known as coquinas.

Planta mediocris caespitosa racemo folio oblongo longiore, bracteis floralibus comspicuis, sepa-

lis obtusis ciliatis lateralibus antrorsis, petalis proportione magnis concavis et labello obtuso leviter

concavo ad dorsum pubiscentibus distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots thick. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3.5-

4.5 cm long, enclosed by a loose tubular sheath from below the middle and another tubular sheath

below the middle, another below the middle and 1-2 at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-

oblong, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 6-7 cm long including a petiole 1.5 cm long, the blade 1.2-1.8

cm wide dry, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, strict, loose, simultaneously

several-flowered raceme 13 cm long including the peduncle ca. 5 cm long, from the annulus within the

sheath with a spathe 10-12 mm long; floral bracts oblique, acute, 5 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; sepals yellowish fide the collector, ciliate, obtuse, 3-veined, connate 2 mm to each

other to form a cup, the dorsal sepal 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, antrorse, 5

mm long, 4 mm wide; petals subcircular, broadly obtuse with a well-defined, thickened margin,

concave, 2.8 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip ovoid, 0.75 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, 2 mm deep,

shallowly concave below a thickened bar with the apex obtuse, the dorsum thickly short-pubescent, the

base truncate, hinged to an obsolescent column-foot; column stout, 1.5 mm long and wide, pubescent

beneath, with the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Loja: Cerro Toledo, jeep track to "La Torre," southeast of Yangana, alt. 3000-3200 m, 6

Apr. 1985, G. Marling & L. Andersson 23786 (Holotype of S. donaxopetala : GB), C. Luer illustr.

21298.

This species, known only from this collection by Harling and Andersson, is

apparently endemic at a high altitude in southern Ecuador. It is distinguished by a

medium-sized, densely caespitose habit and a loose raceme longer than the leaf of

about a dozen relatively large flowers. The floral bracts are conspicuous as they

contain the pedicel and the ovary. The sepals are connate basally to form a cup to

contain the central apparatus, but the large petals protrude from the angle between

the dorsal and lateral sepals. The lip is shallowly concave, obtuse, and densely

pubescent on the dorsum in apposition with the pubescent undersurface of the

column.

367. Stelis espinosae Luer & Endara, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Reynaldo Espinosa of Loja, Ecuador, who collected this species.

Inter species sectionis Stelidis Sw., habitu parvo caespitosa, racemo congesto foliis ellipticis bre-

viore, sepalis glabris late ellipticis obtusis subaequalibus, petalis transverse ovatis trinervis, et labello

subquadrato antice concavo apicem breviter triangulari obtuso callo centrali bicalloso distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-6 cm long, enclosed

by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, 5-8 cm long including a petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, to obtuse, 1-

1.5 cm wide dry, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, subflexuous,

several-flowered raceme, 3 cm long, flowering from the base, with a spathe 3-4 mm long at an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals expanded, broadly elliptical, obtuse, glabrous, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long,

3 mm wide, 5-veined, but all veins incomplete, connate near the base to the lateral sepals, the laterals

3 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely ovate, thickened at the broadly rounded apex,

truncate, concave below a transverse callus 1.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thickly subqua¬

drate, concave anteriorly, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 0.9 mm deep, the apex with a broad, obtuse

triangle, the bar with a deep glenion flanked by an obtuse callus on either side, the dorsum with a low,

slightly convex callus, the truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column semiterete, 1 mm

long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

147

ECUADOR: Loja: Hda. Horta-Naque, alt. 3100 m, 7 Nov. 1947, R. Espinosa E-905 (Holotype of S.

espinosa : AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21032.

This species of southern Ecuador is characterized by small habit with a crowd¬

ed inflorescence shorter than elliptical leaves. The ovate sepals are not remark¬

able except for five veins in the dorsal sepal, and three veins in the lateral sepals.

The petals are similar to many others in the genus with a thickened, rounded

margin, a transverse callus and three veins. The type-A lip is concave anteriorly

with an obtuse apex, and a bar with a deep glenion.

368., 368a. Stelis eublepharisRchb.f., Bonplandia3: 240, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek eublepharis, "truly eyelashed," referring to the ciliate sepals.

Syn.: Stelis brueckmuelleri Rchb.f., ex Hook., Bot. Mag. t. 6521, 1880.

Ety.: Named in honor of Herr Bruckmuller, possibly a gardner who cultivated this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-4 cm long, en¬

closed by a tubular sheath from below the middle, and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to acute, petiolate, 2.5-5.5 cm long including the

petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 5-11 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subse-

cund, subdensely several-flowered raceme, with most flowers open simultaneously, 5-8 cm long in¬

cluding the peduncle ca. 2 cm long, from a spathe ca. 3 mm long at an annulus below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long;

sepals cream to light green, occasionally suffused with purple, with a long, white pubescence within,

glabrous externally, connate basally, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2-3.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 2-3 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide; petals green to purple, trans¬

versely obovate, 1 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, shallowly concave, the apex broadly rounded,

with the edge thickened and crystalline; lip green or purple, thickly discoid, 0.6 mm long, 1 mm wide,

1 mm deep, the apex broadly obtuse, shallowly concave anteriorly with a narrow glenion on a rounded

bar, the dorsum broadly truncate, long-pubescent, deflexed on the back of the blade, hinged to an

elongated column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the foot elongate, the anther and the

stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Quito, on trunks of trees, Pululagua, W. Jameson 264 (Holotype of S. eu¬

blepharis: W; Isotypes: AMES, B, BM, BR, G, K, LE); on trunks of trees near Lloa, alt. 9,000 ft.,

W. Jameson s.n. (K). Without collection data, flowered in cultivation at Kew, 25 Nov. 1878, via

Veitch s.n. (holotype of S. brueckmuelleri: K); near San Jose, southwestern slopes of Montana mojan-

da, alt. 2500 m, 4 Jan. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 536 (W); Calacali, alt. 3000 m, 30 Nov. 1881, F.C.

Lehmann 330 (W); Tandayapa, between Nono and Nanegal, 1200 m, Sept. 1984, A. Hirtz 1894 (MO).

Carchi: Bolivar, above La Paz, alt. 3100 m, 18 Feb. 1998, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & J. del Hierro

18721 (MO).

Sucumbios: near El Carmelo, alt. 2050 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6301 (SEL).

Imbabura: Cerro Muenala, above Asabi, alt. 8,500 ft., 12 Mar. 1943, W.B. Drew E-55 (AMES);

edge of paramo west of Otavalo, alt. 3000 m, 17 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2610 (SEL).

Napo: between Baeza and Papallacta, alt. 2600 m, 14 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 11276 (MO); Cuyujua, 2800 m, cultivated in Quito by A. Hirtz 7115 (MO), C. Luer ill. 20459.

Tungurahua: slope of Volcan Tungurahua above Banos, alt. 3000 m, 27 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9759 (MO).

Stelis eublepharis was described in 1855 by Reichenbach from a collection by

Jameson within the Pululahua crater north of Quito. Twenty years later, plants

from an unrecorded source were imported by Veitch and cultivated at the Royal

Horticultural Nurseries at Chelsea. A plant was given to the Royal Botanic

Garden at Kew where a painting was made when it flowered in 1878. It was

described again by Reichenbach, and published as Stelis brueckmuelleri in Curtis's

Botanical Magazine. It is the only member of the genus to be honored by a plate

in this prestigious journal.

The habit of this little species is not remarkable with the raceme exceeding the

leaf. The sepals are covered by a very fine, long, white pubescence, some hairs

being one millimeter long. The petals are three-veined, and the lip, between type-

B and type-C, is shallowly concave with an obtuse apex and a thick transverse bar

overlain by an elongated glenion. The depth of the dorsum is finely puberulent as

it continues down the back of the blade of the lip. Two variations are illustrated.

148 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

369. Stelis exquisita Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin exquisitus, "exquisite, choice" referring qualities of the flower.

Species haec Stelidis fabulosae Luer & Endara affinis, sed habitu inflorescentiaque minoribus,

sepalis angustissime ovatis acutis, et labello antice profunde excavato apiculato differt,

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 5-8 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 7-8 cm long, 0.7-1 cm wide in the dry state,

gradually narrowed below into a petiole ca. 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence an erect, congested, secund,

many-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, 10-11 cm long including the peduncle

1-2 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 0.9-1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the rami-

caul; floral bracts tubular, obtuse, 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals

yellow-green, glabrous, connate basally, narrowly ovate, acute, expanded, the dorsal sepal 3-3.5 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 3-3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

membranous, transversely obovate, shallowly concave, 0.6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, faintly 3-veined,

the apex broadly rounded with a narrow margin; lip ovoid, 0.75 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, 0.75 mm

deep, deeply concave above the middle, the margin thin with a small, triangular, protruding apiculum,

the bar cleft near the middle, with a pair of low calli extending back from the edge to a rounded zone

of minute papillae above the base, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the column; column stout, 1

mm long, 0.75 mm wide across the stigmatic lobes, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the expanded,

bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Loja: Nudo de Sabanillo, 10 km above Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 3 Apr. 1985. G. Harling

& L. Andersson 23617 (Holotype of S. exquisita : GB), C. Luer illustr. 21300.

This dainty species, a relative of the much larger Stelis fabulosa Luer &

Endara, is known from only the original collection in southern Ecuador. Narrow¬

ly oblong, obtuse leaves are surpassed by a simultaneously many-flowered raceme

of small flowers with the three equal, narrow sepals expanded. The petals are

faintly three-veined. The ovoid lip, smaller than the column, is deeply concave

above the middle with a small, triangular apiculum; below the middle the lip is

thick with a cleft bar, and a pair of calli extending back from the bar to a round

patch of minute papillae above the base.

370. Stelis flagellaris Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin flagellaris , "flagellate," referring to the long, whiplike racemes.

Planta mediocris dense caespitosa, recemis dense multifloris folio anguste elliptico multilongiore,

bracteis inflatis, sepalis ovatis obtusis lateribus revolutis, labello transverse quadrato distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 6-9

cm long, with a close, tubular sheath above the middle and 2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 7-8 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, narrowed below into a petiole 1.5-

2 cm long. Inflorescence 1 or 2 erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with most flow¬

ers open simultaneously, 18-25 cm long, including a peduncle 2-4 cm long, with a spathe 1 cm long,

from an annulus near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, inflated, oblique, obtuse, 3

mm long, 3 mm wide; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2.5-3 mm long; sepals purple, glabrous, broadly

ovate with the sides revolute, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 6 mm long, 5 mm wide expand¬

ed, 5-veined, the lateral sepals 5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide expanded, 4-veined; petals yellow, thick,

transversely ovate, 1.3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, concave below the broadly rounded, thickened

margin; lip yellow, transversely subquadrate, 0.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1 mm deep, shallowly

concave anteriorly within the broadly rounded apical margin, the bar with a glenion extending, the

dorsum with a low, broad callus that fills most of the dorsum, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the anther and bilobed stigma apical.

Ecuador: Imbabura: "Junm, west Imbabura, north side of Toisan," alt. 1200 m, 2007, A. Hirtz 9176

(Holotype of S. flagellaris: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21268.

This distinctive species is characterized by narrowly elliptical, petiolate leaves;

very slender, somewhat longer ramicauls; and much longer, densely many-flow¬

ered racemes produced one or two simultaneously from a one-centimeter-long

spathe. The sepals are broad but with the sides revolute; the petals are thick and

three-veined; and the lip is type-A, transversely oblong and short.

STELIS OF ECUADOR 149

58., 66. Stelis floresii Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

88: 47, 2002.

Ety.: Named for Washington Flores of Quito, Ecuador, co-collector of this species.

Syn. Stelis limonensis Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 51, 2002.

Named for the community of Limon, near where the species was collected.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-10

cm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths, and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, nar¬

rowly elliptical, acute to subacute, petiolate, 6-8 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the

blade 1-1.7 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, distichous,

simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 8-13 cm long including the peduncle 3-4 cm long, from an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts acute, oblique, 3 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm

long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals purple to light rose externally, diffusely minutely pubescent and

grayish internally, expanded, broadly ovate, obtuse, subequal, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 4 mm

long, 3.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

yellow-green, semilunate, 0.75 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, shallowly concave below the broadly rounded

and thickened apical margin, thick transversely, concave at the base; lip green or purple, subquadrate,

0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded, shallowly concave anteriorly

with a faint, superficial glenion, the dorsum with a low, rounded, pubescent callus, the base broadly

truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsoles¬

cent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Cordillera de los Llanganates, Leito, alt. 2870 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer ;

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11139 (Holotype of S. floresii: MO; Isotype: SEL); same area, alt. 3150

m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11170 (MO).

Carchi: forest between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 6 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz

& W. Flores 11118 (MO); east of Gruta La Paz, alt. 3200 m, 13 Sept. 2004, A. Hirtz et al. 9006

(MO).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 2850 m, 6 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 9977 (MO);

Selva Alegre, alt. 2950 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6035 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, east of Guisme, alt. 1500 m, 18 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz et al 11904, 11913 (MO); east of the pass between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 2650-

2750 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J . Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11829, 11838 (MO).

Azuay: collected near Gima, cultivated by Linder Suin 814, 6 Mar. 2001. C. Luer 19782 (MO),

southeast of Ona, alt. 2800-3000 m, 8 Feb. 2005, S. Dalstrom, J, Sonnemark & L Jost 2782 (MO),

C. Luer illustr. 20965.

Loja: above Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 10871 (MO); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, east of Nudo de Cajanuma, alt. 2900 m, 22 June

1988, B. 0lgaard & J.E. Madsen 74904 (AAU, LOJA).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10721 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Munic, El Cairo, Serra de los Paraguas, alt. 2100 m, 29 Mar. 1988, P. Silver-

stone-Sopkin et al. 3773A (CUVC).

This species is frequent and widely distributed in Ecuador and southern

Colombia. In common with many species, it is characterized by a medium sized

habit, and a many-flowered raceme surpassing an acute, elliptical, petiolate leaf.

The sepals are ovate, either three- or five-veined, about four millimeters long, and

shortly pubescent. The petals are three-veined, thickly margined, and with a

transverse callus. The lip is type-A and shallowly concave behind an obtuse,

thickened apex, and with a solitary, rounded callus on the dorsum.

A variation with narrow, acute leaves distinctly shorter than slender ramicauls

was described as Stelis limonensis Luer & Hirtz.

371. Stelis foveata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 2(3), 1858.

From the Latin foveatus, "with cavities," referring to the labellum.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-7

cm long, enclosed by a loose tubular sheath from below the middle and another tubular sheath below

the middle. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, petiolate, 4.5-7.5 cm long including

a petiole 1 cm long, the blade 1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, strict, congested, simultaneously many-flowered raceme 10-18 cm long including the peduncle

150

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

2-3 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul, with a spathe 9-13 mm long; floral

bracts oblique, acute, 3 mm long below to 2 mm long above; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals dull white, glabrous, ovate, obtuse, 3-veined, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2.3

mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide; petals red, transversely ovate, broadly

rounded at the thick apex, concave, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip red, oblong-ovoid, 0.75 mm long,

0.7 mm wide, 0.6 mm deep, deeply concave anteriorly with the apex rounded with a short, obtuse, ill-

defined apiculum, excavate beneath a shelf-like bar, the dorsum with a broad patch of microscopic

pubescence at the base, the base truncate, hinged to an obsolescent column-foot; column stout, 1 mm

long, 0.75 mm wide, with the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: wooded ridges above the village of Guachapala, alt. 10,000 ft., W. Jameson

s.n. (Holotype of S. foveata: K); road cut west of Nono, alt. 3200 m, 9 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer

& P. Taylor 779 (SEL).

This uncommon species is apparently endemic in east-central Ecuador. It is

distinguished by a medium-sized, densely caespitose habit and a densely many-

flowered raceme surpassing the narrowly elliptical leaf. The sepals are ovate with

the laterals more or less held forward; the petals are thick at the apex and three-

veined; and the lip is deeply concave within a thin, obtuse apex. The closest rela¬

tive is Stelis juncea Luer & Hirtz, which is distinguished most easily by the pro¬

portionately long, slender ramicauls, and petals that are only minimally thickened.

Other similar species have one-veined petals.

372. Stelis gemma Garay, Orquideologia 4(2): 77, 1969.

Ety.: From the Latin gemma , "a jewel," in allusion to the gem-like quality of the species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, pendent; roots slender. Ramicauls descend¬

ing, stout, 5-20 mm long, enclosed by 3 loose, imbricating, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf pendent,

overlapping, coriaceous, glaucous, broadly elliptical-ovate, obtuse, 3-7 cm long excluding the petiole

1-3 mm long, 2-3.5 cm wide, the base rounded, abruptly contracted into a petiole 1-3 mm long. In¬

florescence a pendent, congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme, 2-2.5 cm long

including the peduncle ca. 5 mm long, with a spathe ca. 5 mm long, near the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals white,

microscopically ciliate, ovate, obtuse, connate basally 3-4 mm, the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute to

obtuse, 8-10 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, with 6-8 branching veins, the lateral sepals broadly ovate, ob¬

tuse, 7-8 mm long 7-9 mm wide, with 6-7 branching veins; petals purple, ovate, concave across the

base, broadly obtuse to rounded and thick at the apex, 2 mm long, 1.8 m wide, 3-veined; lip purple,

1.3 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the anterior surface superficially concave with the apex

broadly rounded, with an indistinct, shallow glenion, the dorsum with a low, subtrilobed callus, the

base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, the foot

obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Loja: mine des Jesuites, Jan. 1883, E. Andre 506 (Holotype of S. gemma : K); south of

Baeza toward Cosanga, alt. 1800 m, 14 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11268

(MO); Baeza, alt. 1800 m, May 1984, A. Hirtz 1767 (MO).

Tungurahua: Loma Chinchin Grande, alt. 1890 m, 2 Apr. 1999, L. Jost 1527 (MO).

Without collection data, cultivated by G. Escobar 338 (AMES).

This species is unique in the genus with the pendent, overlapping, glaucous

green leaves. The plant usually hangs on erect, mossy trunks of large trees. A

snow white flower with purple petals and lip is borne successively on a short,

distichous raceme between the hanging leaves. The lateral sepals are distinctly

larger than the dorsal sepal, and they curve slightly forward, so that the flower

does not open into a flat plane. The petals are thickly ovoid; and the lip is small

and broadly rounded.

STELIS OF ECUADOR 151

60. Stelis gigantissima Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 115,

2004, replaced name for S. gigantea Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin giganteus , "gigantic," referring to the size of the habit and flowers.

Bas.: Stelis gigantea Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 48, 2002, not S.

gigantea Pridgeon & M.W.Chase [ -Dracontia powellii (Schltr.) Luer].

ECUADOR: Napo: Cosanga, alt. ca. 1000 m, 11 Aug. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5351 (Holotype of

S. gigantea Luer & Hirtz: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19927; same area, Cosanga, alt. 1800 m, Mar. 1996,

A. Hirtz, C. Head et al. 6304 (MO); south of Baeza toward Tena, alt. 1500 m, 11 Aug. 1978, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 3242 (SEL); south of Baeza, alt. 1900 m, 20 Feb. 1982, C.

Luer & A. Hirtz 6861 (SEL).

This species, apparently restricted to northeastern Ecuador at relatively low

altitudes, is the largest known in the genus Stelis, with broadly elliptical, dinner

plate sized leaves rivaling those of the largest in the Pleurothallidinae. It is de¬

scribed and illustrated in leones Pleurothallidinae 24, Part One, Fig. 60. In addi¬

tion to meter-long ramicauls and the immense size of the leaf, it is distinguished

by numerous, dark purple flowers on an inflorescence three-quarters of a meter

long. The lowermost flowers are the largest, measuring 27 millimeters from the

tip of the dorsal sepal to the tips of the lateral sepals. The sepals are ovate, gla¬

brous and spreading; the petals are thickly fan-shaped; and the type-A lip is small,

cuneate, and concave anteriorly.

373. Stelis glumacea Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 3(9), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin glumaceus, "glumaceous (with glums), with chaffy bracts, like a spike of

wheat," in allusion to the conspicuous floral bracts.

Plant large, epiphytic, densely caespitose to shortly repent; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, rela¬

tively slender, 15-20 cm long, with a loose, tubular sheath above the middle and another 2 sheaths at

the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 9-13 cm long includ¬

ing the petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade 3-4 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, distichous, congested, many-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, 16-20 cm

long including the peduncle 5-8 cm long, with a spathe 1.5 cm long at an annulus below the apex of

the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 7-10 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 2-3 mm long;

sepals similar, sensitive, fleshy, microscopically pubescent, purple-brown, broadly ovate, broadly

obtuse, connate nearly to the middle, the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral

sepals 2.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 5-veined; petals transversely ovate, shallowly concave below the

broadly obtuse, thickened margin, more deeply concave below the transverse callus, 1.25 mm long,

1.8 mm wide, 3-veined; lip brown, obliquely subquadrate, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1.5 mm deep,

the anterior surface shallowly concave with a glenion, the apex broadly rounded and thickened, the

dorsum with a low, rounded callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout,

1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Andes of Quito, on the road to Nanegal, W. Jameson s.n . (Holotype of S.

glumacea : K); without collection data, W. Jameson s.n. (K); Reserva Floristica Rio Guajalito, Las

Palmeras, alt 1800-2100 m, May 1997, C. Nowicki & J. Mulke 1185 (QCA, SEL).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4224 (MO), C. Luer illustr.

20486.

This large species could be treated as a variation of the rather common, vari¬

able Stelis lindenii Lindl. Lindley pointed out the large, protruding floral bracts of

S. glumacea which he compared to a spike of wheat. Like S. lindenii , it is large

with one or two long, crowded, many-flowered racemes of proportionately small

flowers. The sepals are fleshy, broadly ovate and often close when disturbed.

The unremarkable petals and lip of the two concepts are similar.

152 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

374. Stelis grandibracteata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leaf!. Harvard Univ. 10:

1942.

Ety.: From the Latin grandibracteatus , "with large bracts," referring to the floral bracts.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2.4-

4.5 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath, and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 8-10 cm long including an indistinct

petiole ca. 1 cm long, 1.5-1.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, subcongested, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme, 8-12 cm long including the

peduncle 3-4 cm long, with a spathe 7-9 mm long, at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts conspicuous, oblique, inflated, acute, 6-8 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 3 mm long;

flowers purple; sepals fleshy, glabrous externally, diffusely cellular-pubescent within, broadly ovate,

obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals connate basally, 2.25

mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely ovate, 0.8 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined,

concave below the broadly rounded, thickened, apical margin with numerous crystals; lip thick, tri¬

angular, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with the apex round¬

ed with a thickened margin, the bar with a minute glenion, the dorsum with a low, central, rounded

callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide,

the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

PERU: Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, along Rio Pillahuata, alt. 2300-2400 m, 3-6 May 1925, F.W.

Pennell 14006 (Holotype of S. grandibracteata: AMES; Isotypes F, K).

ECUADOR: Pastaza: forest east of Mera, alt. 1100 m, 28 Mar. 1984, C. Luer. S. Dalstrom, T.

Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9781 (MO).

Loja: above Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer ; J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 10866 (MO); north of the pass south of Jimbura, alt. 2600 m, 21 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11982 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cajanuma range, south of Loja, alt. 2500 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10770, 10771 (MO).

This species was described from a Peruvian collection made at about 2400

meters above sea level. The specimen collected in Pastaza at an altitude of 1100

meters differs in some minor details. The leaves are narrower and distinctly

narrowly obovate instead of broadly elliptical; and the bracts are slightly larger

with smaller flowers. The other collections are from higher altitudes, and agree

with the collection from Peru. The species is similar to Stelis disticha Lindl., the

greatest difference being the smaller, non-imbricating floral bracts.

40., 40a. Stelis guianensis Rolfe, Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, Bot., 6: 59, 1901.

Ety.: Named for Guiana, where the species was first recorded.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-15 mm long, en¬

closed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 18-25 cm long, 3-

7 mm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an erect, strict, dis¬

tichous, loosely several-flowered raceme 3-6 cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, from an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts acute, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary

0.5 mm long; sepals white to greenish white, sometimes suffused with rose, glabrous externally,

densely short-pubescent within, ovate, obtuse, 3-veined, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1.5-1.75 mm

long, 1.3-1.4 mm wide, the lateral sepals 1.4-1.5 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide; petals light green to

purple, transversely oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, thin, concave, 0.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide,

3-veined; lip thick, subquadrate, 0.3-0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.3-0.4 mm deep, shallowly concave

anteriorly with the apex subretuse, with a sharp apiculum in the center, the anterior surface rounded

with a long, narrow glenion, the dorsum rounded, cellular, the base truncate, hinged to an obsolescent

column-foot; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

GUYANA: Roraima Range, alt. 3,500 ft., autumn 1898, V.F. McConnell & J.J. Quelch 703 (Holo¬

type of S. guianensis: K); Kaiteur Savannah, Potaro River, Jenman 1055 (K); Kaiteur Falls, 1995,

E.A. Christenson 1930 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17809.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: 100 km south of El Dorado, alt., ca. 2,000 ft., Sept. 1959, G.C.K. Dunster-

ville 519.

ECUADOR: Napo: south of Baeza, alt. 1500 m, 11 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A.

Andreetta 3260 (SEL); new road between Tena and Coca, alt. 1100 m, 22 Feb. 1982, C. Luer & A.

Hirtz 6955 (SEL); Tungurahua: forest between Rio Verde and Rio Negro, alt. 1500 m, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11180 (MO).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

153

Pastaza: near Puyo, alt. ca. 1000 m, July 1977, C. Luer et al. 1073 (SEL). Morona-Santiago: new

road west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1100 m, 6 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12690

(MO); near Sinai north of Macas, alt. 1200 m, 28 Feb. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19566

(MO).

Azuay: near Cuenca, cultivated by E. Sanchez, 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19789 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1500 m, 19 May 1988, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13490 (MO).

This species is variable in its wide distribution from the mountains of Guyana

through Venezuela into eastern Ecuador. It is characterized by the small, caespi-

tose habit and a distantly several-flowered raceme that surpasses the narrowly

obovate leaf. The sepals are ovate, obtuse, more or less equal, and variously

pubescent and ciliate; and the petals are thin and concave with three veins. Except

for the small size, the lip with a minute apiculum on a rounded margin is reminis¬

cent of Stelis argentata Lindl.

An illustration of this species was mistakenly used in Part One of the Stelis of

Ecuador for Stelis apiculifera Luer & Hirtz.

297., 291a., 291b. Stelis hallii Lindl., J. Bot. 1: 12, 1834.

Ety.: Named in honor of Colonel Hall who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis gladiata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 9(61), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin gladiatus, "like a sword," but to quote Lindley, "leaves shaped like a Roman

sword-blade."

Syn.: Stelis stormii Luer & Endara, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 50, 2007.

Ety.: Named for G. Storm, Swedish co-collector of this species.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose to shortly repent; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, 1-6 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to acute, long-petiolate, 2-6 cm long including

a petiole 1-3 cm long, 0.5-1.2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

single, or occasionally 2, erect, sublax, flexuous, distichous, many-flowered racemes with few to

many flowers open simultaneously, 3-15 cm long including the peduncle 1-4 cm long, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul, with a spathe 3-5 mm long; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-2.5 mm

long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals expanded, yellow to purple, glabrous, broadly

ovate, obtuse, connate ca. 1 mm to the lateral sepals, the dorsal sepal 2-3 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals 2-2.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow or purple, trans¬

versely oblong, with the apex broadly rounded with a thick margin, shallowly concave below the

middle, 0.6-0.75 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide, 1-veined (occasionally with vestigial remnants of 1 or 2

more); lip yellow or purple, thick, transversely oblong, 0.5-0.75 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide, 0.6-0.75

mm deep, the apex thickened, broadly rounded, shallowly concave anteriorly with a shallow glenion

across the rounded bar, the dorsum with a low, rounded callus, the base broadly truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anther and the stigma apical,

with the stigma bilobed, the foot obsolescent.

ECUADOR: Azuay: "trunks of trees at Turuencho near Cuenca," (later: "on trees at Surucucho, near

Cuenca," Colonel Hall s.n. (Holotype of S. hallii : K); Lago Zorogucho, south of Cuenca, alt. 3000 m,

7 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6116 (SEL); Rio Collay, south of El Pan, alt. 2650-3290 m,

6 July 1943, J.A. Steyermark 53389 (AMES).

Pichincha: Quito, W. Jameson 99 (holotype of S. gladiata : K).

Tungurahua: Cordillera de los Llanganates, Leito, alt. 3100 m, 11 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 11161 (MO); between Lieto and Triunfo, alt. 2800-3000 m, 25 Aug. 2001, A.

Hirtz, X. Hirtz, C. & P. Dodson, H. Zelenko & R. Zloch 7770 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20430.

Morona-Santiago: forest between Limon and Cuenca, alt. 2800 m, 20 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz, A. An-

dreetta & S. Ortega 4180 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20446; west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1900 m,

16 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 12940 (MO); between Cuenca and Plan de Milagro, alt.

3000 m, collected and cultivated, 7 Jan. 1995, by A. Hirtz 6122 (MO).

Loja: at the pass north of Loja, alt. 3150 m, 17 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & Kuijt

9546, 9547 (MO); above Yangana, north of pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 10867 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz et al. 11973 (MO); south of Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

6188 (SEL); same area, alt. 2250 m, 11 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6152 (SEL); Cordil¬

lera del Condor, swampy forest west of Paquisha, alt. 850 m, 19 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11922 (MO).

154

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species occurs abundantly in trees and on large, mossy stones in the area

around Lago Zorogucho southwest of Cuenca (Fig, 291a.) where it was first

collected by Colonel Hall, and it is widely distributed in southern Ecuador and

undoubtedly adjacent Peru. It is variable in habit from shortly repent to caespi-

tose, but always slender, with narrowly obovate or elliptical, petiolate leaves that

are usually surpassed by subcongested, subflexuous racemes of small, yellow to

purple flowers. The narrowly acute floral bracts are longer than the pedicels.

The sepals are broad, obtuse, glabrous, and three-veined. The petals are trans¬

versely oblong with a thickly rounded margin and single-veined. Occasionally, a

faint accessory vein is found at the base. The type-A lip is transversely oblong

with a low, rounded callus on the upper surface, protruding anteriorly through the

bar as a shallow glenion.

Stelis yanganensis Luer & Hirtz is often similar vegetatively and florally

except for the petals that are three-veined with a strong transverse callus. The

flowers of the minute Stelis vesca Luer & Hirtz are very similar.

375., 375a. Stelis hirtella (Garay) Luer, Phytologia 49(3): 229, 1981.

Bas.: Apatostelis hirtella Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 189, 1980, replaced name

for Stelis hirta Lindl.

Ety.: From the diminutive of hirtus, "the little, hairy one," referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis hirta Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 3(11), 1858, notJ.E.Sm.,

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate,

subacute to acute, 2.5-5.5 cm long including a petiole 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a single, erect, sublax, distichous, several-flowered

raceme with several flowers open simultaneously, 4-7.5 cm long including the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long,

from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1

mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals expanded, light green, glabrous externally, with a long, white

pubescence within, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate less than 1 mm below the middle; the dorsal sepal

2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 2.25 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

purple, transversely elliptical-oblong, with the apex transverse, with the ends rounded, shallowly

concave below the narrowly thickened margin, 0.66 mm long, 1.33 mm wide; lip purple, thick, trans¬

versely oblong, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded, shallowly concave

anteriorly with a shallow glenion over a rounded bar, the base deflexed, broadly truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column elongated, terete below the middle, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the

anther and the stigma apical, the stigma narrowly transverse, the foot short.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: "Eastern Andes of Peru," near Papallada, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S.

hirta Lindl.: K); above Mindo, alt. 2200 m, 15 Oct. 1979, A. Hirtz s.n. (SEL); Tandayapa, alt. 1200

m, Sept. 1984, A. Hirtz 1894 (MO).

Napo: Rio Mulano, southeast of Cuyujua, alt. 2360 m, 8 Apr. 1972, B. MacBryde 1491 (AMES);

between Papallacta and Baeza, alt. 2800 m, 5 June 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. L0jtnant &

B. 0lgaard 6887, 6896 (AAU, AMES); above Papallacta, alt. 2550 m, 15 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer

& A. Hirtz 6246 (SEL); above Baeza, alt. ca. 1500 m, cultivated by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 7 Mar.

2001, C. Luer 19810 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: near Macas, collected by E. Sanchez and cultivated in Cuenca, 26 July 2004, A.

Hirtz 8866 (MO).

This species was first described by Lindley from a collection by Jameson near

Papallacta on the eastern declivity of Pichincha where it is still to be found today.

It is characterized by the small caespitose habit, with narrowly obovate, long-

petiolate leaves as long as the ramicauls. Several small, green flowers with a

long, delicate, white pubescence are produced simultaneously and successively in

a distichous raceme that surpasses the leaf. The petals are purple, thin and trans¬

versely oblong. The lip is purple and transversely oblong, a short type-C, and the

column is elongated.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

155

376. Stelis hylophila Rchb.f., Bonplandia3: 241, 1855.

Ety.: From the Greek hylophilos, "forest-loving," referring to the epiphytic habitat.

Syn.: Stelis reflexa Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 3(16), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin reflexus, "reflexed," referring to the recurved sepals.

Syn.: Apatostelis hylophila (Rchb.f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 189, 1980.

Plant medium in size to large, epiphytic, caespitose to densely ascending, roots slender. Rami-

cauls erect, slender, 6-16 cm long, enclosed by a close, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other

sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 5-12 cm long

including a petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade 1-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflores¬

cence 1-3, erect, distichous, simultaneously many-flowered racemes, 7-15 cm long including the

peduncle 0.5-2.5 cm long, from a spathe 5-10 mm long at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5-2.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.75 mm long; sepals

expanded, recurved above the middle, yellow to orange, or rose, glabrous, ovate, obtuse, connate

basally, the dorsal sepal 1-1.75 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined (the lateral veins are often present

only at the base), the lateral sepals 1-1.75 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined at the base; petals

yellow, thin, broadly cuneate to subcircular, with the apex concave, broadly rounded or truncate, and

thickened medially externally, 0.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, thick, oblong,

0.6-0.8 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, 0.3-0.5 mm deep, concave above the middle with the apex ob¬

tuse, the bar entire, minutely short-pubescent toward the base, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, terete, ca. 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, the anther and the stigma

apical, the stigma oblong, transverse with stigmatic lobes inside wings of the column, the foot obsoles¬

cent.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: "Forests of the Andes at 8,000 ft.," W. Jameson 687 (Holotype of S.

hylophylla : W; Isotypes: BR, G, K, LE); Andes of Quito, alt. 9,000 ft., 21 Jan. 1856, W. Jameson 21

(AMES); Andes of Quito, 21 Jan. 1856, W. Jameson 512 (AMES, G); eastern Cordilllera on trees, at

1,200 ft., W. Jameson s,n. (K); western declivity of Pichincha, alt. 9,000 ft., W. Jameson s.n. (holo¬

type of S. reflexa : K); subandine forest, L. Mille 6 (BR); Pasachoa, alt. 3400 m, Feb. 1984, A. Hirtz

1548 (MO).

Carchi: Nudo de Boliche, Voladero, alt. 3800 m, 12 June 1939, W.C. Penland & R.H. Summers 905

(AMES).

Sucumbios: Tulcan to El Carmelo, alt. 3000-3200 m, 23 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, L Luer & A. Hirtz 2755

(SEL); El Pun, near El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 26 Feb. 1974, G. Marling & L. Andesson 12228 (GB).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 2950 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6034 (SEL).

Napo: Rio Mulano, near Cuyujua, alt. 2360 m, 8 Apr. 1972, B. MacBryde 1489 (AMES).

Morona-Santiago: Guarumales, alt. 1400-1800 m, 18 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 7572 (MO).

Loja: army road to TV tower east of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz

& W. Flores 10806 (MO); above Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10869 (MO).

Azuay: north of Sevilla de Oro, alt. 8,000 ft., 27 July 1945, W.H. Camp E-4455 (AMES, NY); Lago

Zorrogucho, alt 3000 m, 10 Jan. 1958. C.H. Dodson 280 (MO, SEL); same area, alt. 3000 m, 2 Mar.

1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1531 (SEL); Parroquia Banos, Yanasacha, alt. 2925 m, 26 Dec.

1976, J.D. Boeke 609 (QCA, SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cajanuma range south of Loja, alt. 2500 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10745, 10765 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Bocono-Guaramacal road, alt. 7,000-9,000 ft., Aug. 1961, G.C.K. Dunsterville 652.

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Rio Lupe Mendoza, alt. 2400-2600 m, 1 Feb. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Vasquez 5813 (SEL).

Both Lindley and Reichenbach described this species from collections by

Jameson, Reichenbach's epithet hylophila antedating Lindley's epithet three years.

This species and Stelis polybotrya Lindl. are the opposite extremes of a small

group of closely related species that is widely distributed in the Andes from

Venezuela into Bolivia at altitudes above 2500 meters above sea level. Among the

members of the group, Stelis hylophila , the one with the longest but fewest

number of racemes, was described first by Reichenbach. Lindley described two

more of Jameson's collections as S. reflexa , the same species as Reichenbach's S.

hylophila , and S. polybotrya , the one with the shortest but most racemes. All

156

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

degrees between the extremes can be seen in a large collection. The differences

are often blurred, so identifications are often inaccurate, including some in the

accompanying citations of the two concepts. Schlechter described an intermediate

collection as S. recurvula , further blurring the boundaries for the more extreme

species. Collections referrable to S. recurvula are attributed here to the more

similar S. polybotrya, the only difference being longer racemes.

Typical Stelis hylophila is characterized by oblong, obtuse leaves borne by

slender ramicauls of similar length, and one to three slender, many-flowered

racemes of tiny flowers that exceed the leaf in length, typically twice the length of

the leaf. The sepals of the minute sepals recurve above the middle, the petals are

single-veined, and the lip is type-B.

Typical Stelis polybotrya is vegetatively similar, but three to eight or more

racemes, typically less than half the length of the leaf, are borne in a fascicle.

The sepals are not markedly recurved, but the petals and lip are the same. Stelis

recurvula was distinguished by recemes about as long as the leaf, and sepals with

margins slightly recurved.

A third, closely related species is Stelis braccata Rchb.f, which is distin¬

guished by a smaller habit, very narrow leaves, and even smaller flowers. The

flowers appear most similar to S. polybotrya.

377. Stelis hymenantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 291, 1912.

Ety.: From the Greek hymenanthos, "a membranous flower," referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis cuspidilabia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 17, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin cuspidilabius, "with sharply pointed lip," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis seleniglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 97, 1923.

Ety.: From the Greek seleniglossa, "a lip like a moon," referring to the profile of the labellum.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-

3.5 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath, another below the middle and about the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-7 cm long including an indistinct petiole 0.5-1

cm long, 0.25-1.1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence an

erect, dense, distichous, subsecund, several- to many-flowered raceme with several or many flowers

open simultaneously, 2-8 cm long including the peduncle 0.5-1 cm long, with a few bracts, from

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5-5 mm long; pedicels 0.5-1 mm long;

ovary 0.5-1 mm long; sepals subexpanded, pale green, more or less suffused with purple, glabrous,

connate basally, broadly ovate, subacute to obtuse, 1-1.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

green, oblong-obovate, 0.5-0.75 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly rounded with

a thickened margin, concave, cellular-glandular externally; lip type-B, green, thick, subquadrate,

obovoid, 0.5-0.8 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, the apex broadly obtuse with an acute,

triangular apiculum, the disc with a broad callus filling the basal half, concave anteriorly, the base

truncate, thickly pubescent, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm

wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

Frequent and widely distributed in all Central American countries:

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: near Coban, alt. 1350 m, Sept. 1907, H. von Ttirckheim 11-1968

(Holotype of S. hymenantha destroyed at B; Lectotype here designated: AMES 55238, photo and il-

lustr. of the type).

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: near La Palma, alt. 1400 m, Dec. 1908, A. Brade & C. Brade 1207 (holo¬

type of S. seleniglossa destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 30444, photo and illustr. of

type); Heredia: near San Jeronimo, June 1921, C. Werckle 56 (holotype of S. cuspidilabia destroyed

at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 30422, photo and illustr. of type).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: La Union, El Chuscal, west of La Union, alt. 2650 m, 13 Sept. 1984, C.H.

Dodson, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 15288 (MO).

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Lita to San Lorenzo, alt. 700-800 m, 12 May 1990, C.H. Dodson et al.

18262 (MO); trail west of Lita, alt. 300 m, 12 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtzetal. 15570 (MO).

Tungurahua: Valle de Chaupe above Banos, alt. 2200 m, 24 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wil¬

helm 372 (MO, SEL).

Loja: San Pedro de Vilcabamba, alt. 2400 m, 23 Apr. 1986, D. DAlessandro 639 (MO).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

157

This small species is frequent in its wide distribution from Mexico into western

Ecuador. Stelis hymenantha has been misidentified as the Brazilian Stelis aprica

Lindl. as have several other taxa. Although related, the latter is a larger plant

distinguished by single-veined, rounded petals, and a more prominent, triangular

apical lobe of the lip.

Stelis hymenantha is characterized by a small, more or less ascending, densely

caespitose habit. A slender raceme approaches or barely surpasses the narrow leaf

that is borne by a shorter ramicaul. The floral bracts enclose the pedicel, and

sometimes part of the ovary. The minute sepals are ovate with the laterals not

widely spread, often simulating a synsepal of bilabiate species. The petals are

single-veined, oblong, usually longer than wide, and concave at the thickened

apex. The type-B lip is variably obovoid-subquadrate with an acute, triangular

apiculum abruptly projecting from the broad apex.

378., 378a. Stelis jamesonii Lindl., J. Bot. 1: 11, 1834.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. William Jameson of Quito, Ecuador, who collected this species as

well as many others.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, ascending, to scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, often fasciculate, frequently prolific, 2-7 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular

sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 2.5-8 cm long

including a petiole 1-2.5 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. In¬

florescence an erect, sublax, flexuous, conspicuously long-pedicellate, many-flowered raceme with

several flowers open simultaneously, 5-22 cm long including the peduncle 3-8 cm long, from an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2.5-3.5 mm long; pedicels 7 mm

long below to 3 mm long near the apex; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; sepals light yellow, green or purple,

flecked, mottled, dotted, and veined with brown or purple, glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly

convex, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 3-3.5 mm long, 3.25-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals 3 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, green to purple, transversely obovate,

shallowly concave, 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly obtuse with the margin

thickened; lip yellow, green to purple, oblong-obovate, discoid, 0.4-0.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2

mm deep, shallow concave at the broadly rounded apex, the disc with a low, oblong callus extending

forward from a densely short-pubescent callus at the base, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the

column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with an obsolescent foot, the anther and the bilobed

stigma apical.

Selected representative collections:

ECUADOR: Azuay: "Cuenca," W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. jamesonii : K); Zurucucho, near

Cuenca, W. Jameson 67 (K); Rio Matadero west of Cuenca, alt. 9,000 ft., 3 Mar. 1945, W.H. Camp

E-1900 (GB, NY); between Quenca and Giron, alt. 2700 m, 5 Apr. 1974, G. Marling & L. Anderssson

13203 (AMES, GB); Lago Zorrogucho, alt. 3000 m, 7 May 1981, C. Luer & J. Luer6112 (SEL).

Carchi: between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 6-7 Apr. 1985, C. Luer ; J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W.

Flores 11124 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: Guarumales, alt. 1400-1800 m, 18 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, H. Zelenko & R.

Zloch 1577 (MO).

Bolivar: trees along old road between Guaranda and Caluma, alt. 1600 m, 10 Mar. 1982, C. Luer &

S. Dalstrom 7241, 7265 (SEL); forest between Guaranda and Facundo Velo, alt. 2600 m, 24 Mar.

1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9681 (MO).

Caiiar: above Rivera on road to Pindilig, alt. 2800 m, 9 Mar. 1985, G. Marling & L Andersson

23026 (GB).

El Oro: west of Pinas, alt. 900 m, 8 Oct. 1979, C.H. Dodson, A. Gentry & G. Shupp 8994 (SEL).

Loja: between Utuana and Colaisaca, alt. 2700 m, 13 Nov. 1982, G. Harling et al., 20694, 20707

(AMES, GB); above Jimbura, alt. 3000 m, 21 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt

9667 (MO); northeast of Tambillo toward Manu, alt. 2700 m, 21 Feb. 1988. U. Molau & B. Eriksen

3145 (GB); south of Yangana, north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 3 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D.

DAlessandro & S. Dalstrom 7085 (SEL); wooded valley near El Cisne, alt. 2350 m, 26 Feb. 1986, C.

Luer, J. Luer & A. Embree 12039 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: Paramo de Bavaya, Corrales, alt. 3500 m, 10 Apr. 1946, J. Cuatre-

cases 20575 ( AMES, COL).

VENEZUELA: Tachira: Paramo de Tama, alt. ca. 1400 m, May 1967, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1000.

158

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is often confused with Stelis ascendens Lindl. Their distributions

are similar and overlapping from westernmost Venezuela to southernmost

Ecuador. It is misidentified as S. lentiginosa Lindl. in Venezuelan Orchids Il¬

lustrated. The flowers of S. ascendens and S. jamesonii among Elmer Smiths's

illustrations (Garay, 1980) appear to represent the same species: S. ascendens.

Stelis jamesonii is distinguished from S. ascendens by a caespitose, fasciculate,

non-repent, but frequently prolific habit. The raceme is long-pedicellate, with the

pedicels projecting conspicuously beyond the floral bracts. The broadly ovate

sepals are glabrous; the petals are similar; and the very short lip is a thinner dis¬

coid that is deeper than wide,

379. Stelis kentii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Rick Kent, co-collector of the plant.

Planta mediocris, racemo laxe plurifloro folio elliptico acuto multilongiore, sepalis subcircular

glabris, petalis latissime ovatis concavis trinervis, labello suborbicular antice concavo margine tenui

apiculato distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, roots unknown. Ramicauls erect, slender, ca. 2 cm long, long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from near the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 6 cm

long including an indistinct petiole 0.5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base.

Inflorescence an erect, lax, nearly simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 12-15 cm long including

the peduncle 5-6 cm long, subtended by a minute spathe within the cauline sheath; floral bracts infun¬

dibular, oblique, acute, 3-4 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals glabrous, color

unknown, subcircular, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate below the

middle to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal, 1.75 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined; petals thin, transversely ovate, concave, with the margin broadly rounded and narrowly thick¬

ened, without a transverse callus, 0.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, faintly 3-veined; lip type-C, subor¬

bicular, concave anteriorly with a thin margin, with a small sharp, central apiculum, 1 mm long, 1 mm

wide, 0.5 mm deep, the bar broadly rounded, with a central callus, bifid toward the apex, pubescent

dorsally toward the base, with an additional, small, lamellate callus to either side, the base hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long and wide, the anther and bilobed anther apical, the

foot obsolescent.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: below Banos, ca. 1500 m, collected February 1975, flowered in cultiva¬

tion at SEL. July 1975, C. Luer & R. Kent s.n. (Holotype of S. kentii: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 21315.

This species is known only from a meager specimen cut from a cultivated plant

from the lower eastern slope of the Andes of central Ecuador. The ramicaul

appears to have been cut off near or at the base of a short ramicaul. The only leaf

is elliptical and acute, and about three times longer than the ramicaul. Two

racemes were preserved, one still attached to the ramicaul. The racemes are

loosely flowered with relatively large floral bracts, and with a peduncle as long as

the leaf, The sepals are round and glabrous; the petals are thin, transverse,

concave and faintly three-veined. The rounded lip is a modification of type-C

with an acute apiculum.

380., 380a., 380b. Stelis lamellata Lindl., in Hook., Ic. PI. t. 62, 1836, and

Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 353, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin lamellatus, "lamellate," referring to the plate-like calli of the lip.

Syn.: Stelis millei Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 122, 1915.

Ety.: Named in honor of Father Louis Mille who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis altigena Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 51, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin altigenus , "Of high origin," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis arevaloi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 25, 1924.

Ety.: Named for Santiago Arevalo, a collector for Hopp.

Syn.: Stelis calyculata Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 27: 183, published 1980.

Ety.: From the Latin calyculatus , "calyculate," probably referring to the sepaline tube.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

159

Plant small to large, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, fasciculate,

slender, 3-7 cm long, enclosed by 3-4 tubular, ribbed sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellip¬

tical, acute to subacute, 3-7 cm long including a petiole 1-3 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, gradually

narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, secund, many-flowered, raceme

with many flowers open simultaneously, 10-22 cm long including the peduncle 3-5 cm long, from an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm

long; ovary 1-2 mm long; sepals white to light yellow, glabrous externally, cellular-glandular within,

with margins above the middle revolute, the dorsal sepal obovate, acute, 5.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 2 mm to form a short tube, the lateral sepals ovate, obtuse,

5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 1 mm; petals white or light yellow, transversely cuneate,

shallowly concave, 0.75 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex truncate, conspicuously thickened

externally; lip white or light yellow, oblong-subquadrate, more or less inflated below the middle,

hollow, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.6 mm deep, the apex acute to subacute, transversely thickened

with a cleft across the middle over the opening into the cavity, with a low, rounded callus on the

dorsum above the base, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.6 mm

long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: ravines of Pichincha, declivity of Guagua near Quito, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft.,

(R.82), W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. lamellata: K; Isotype: W); valley of Lloa, W. Jameson 321

(G, K, LE): terrestrial, lithophytic and epiphytic in interandean forest, L. Mille 1 (holotype of S.

miller. QPLS; lectotype: BR); Mt. Pichincha, vicinity of Guagua, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., T. Hartweg

1412 (BM, BR, G, K, LD, LE, W); on Pichincha, alt. 12,000 ft., Col Hall 25 (K); "Quito," alt.

6,000 ft., Karsten s.n. (W); Andes of Quito, Valley of Lloa, 1855, J.P. Couthouy s.n. (AMES);

Valley of Lloa, W. Jameson 321 (BM, BR, W); Lloa, Hall s.n.: W; Lloa, 21 Jan 1856, W. Jameson

500 (AMES, G); ravines of Pichincha, 10,000-11,000 ft., W. Jameson s.n. (W); Valley of Lloa near

Guayan, July 1863, W. Jameson s.n. (W); between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt 2000 m, 5 Feb.

1963, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 2236 (SEL); vicinity of Quito, Asplund 20358 (AMES, S); between

Cotocollao and Nono, alt. 3200-3300 m, 29 Jan. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 11670 (AMES,

GB); west of San Juan, alt. 3100 m, 27 Jan. 1982, G. Harling et al. 19936 (AMES, GB).

Imbabura: Hda. Yura Cruz, north of Ibarra, alt. 3700 m, 25 May 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppe-

sen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6484 (AAU, AMES, SEL); paramo west of Otavalo, alt. 3000 m, 17

Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2613 (SEL); between Otavalo and Apuela, alt. 2500 m, 8 Feb.

1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & R. Escobar 3912 (SEL); Mt. Mojanda between Otavalo and Selva

Alegre, alt. 3100 m, 31 July 1985, C.H. Dodson & A. Embree 16125 (MO); between Otavalo and

Ibarra, alt. 3200 m, 20 Mar. 1986, C.H. Dodson, A. & X. Hirtz 16394A (AMES, MO); above Maria¬

no Acosta, alt. 3300 m, 1 May 2001, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 7742 (MO).

Cotopaxi: between Latacunga and Quevedo, alt. 3000 m, 1975, C. Luer & R. Kent 292 (SEL).

Napo: east of Papallacta, alt. 2600 m, 26 Mar. 1972, B. MacBryde & J.D. Dwyer 1251 (AMES).

Bolivar: Hda. Talahua, alt. 2600 m, 2 May 1939, C.W. Penland & R.H. Summers 612 (holotype of S.

calyculata : AMES; isotype: K); between Guaranda and Facundo Vela, alt. 3100 m, 24 Mar. 1984, C.

Luer 9672, 9684 (MO); between Salinas and La Palma, alt. 3400 m, 10 Mar. 1991, C. Luer. J. Luer,

A. Hirtz et al. 14948 (MO).

Chimborazo: subandine region near Pifo, A. Mille s.n. (holotype of S. altigena destroyed at B), neo¬

type here designated C. Luer 9672 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: Limon, flowered in cultivation by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 19 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz

7704 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of Loja, alt. 2645-2685 m, B. MacBryde 295 (AMES).

COLOMBIA: Cauca, northwest of Pasto, near Daza, alt. 2800 m, Jan. 1922, W. Hopp 145 (holotype

of S. arevaloi destroyed at B, neotype here designated, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P. Jesup 13844 (MO).

This variable species is found in southern Colombia and on both slopes of the

Andes of Ecuador where it is frequent. Vegetatively, it is characterized by an

ascending habit with fasciculated ramicauls. Small portions of the plant often

appear caespitose. The secund inflorescence is about twice the length of the

narrowly elliptical leaves. The flowers are distinguished by the connation of the

sepals below the middle into a distinct, sepaline tube with the free portions direct¬

ed forward, often with re volute margins. When the free portions are more or less

expanded, the flower appears distinct, especially when the raceme is not strictly

secund. The central apparatus within the tube is not readily visible. The petals

are cuneate, truncate and single-veined with a marked thickening externally at the

apex.

160

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

381. Stelis lanata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 13(100), 1858.

From the Latin lanatus, "wooly," referring to the densely pubescent sepals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, ascending, repent, the rhizome thick, ca. 1 cm long between

ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, erect, slender, 3-9 cm long, enclosed by a close,

tubular sheath on the middle third, and another 1-2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, subacute to acute, petiolate, 6-11 cm long including the petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade 1-2 cm

wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-3 erect, subdense, subflexuous, many-

flowered racemes, with several to many flowers open simultaneously, 8-15 cm long including the

peduncle 2-4 cm long, from a spathe ca. 0.5 cm long below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 4 mm long below to 3 mm long above; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals yellow or purple, glabrous externally, with a long, dense, white pubescence within, ovate,

obtuse, concave, connivent, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 2.3 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals 2 mm long, 1.6 mm wide; petals transversely ovate, concave, the apex rounded and

thickened on the margin, 1 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thickly subquadrate, 1 mm long, 1

mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, concave anteriorly, with the apex broadly obtuse, the bar shallowly cleft into

the cavity, the dorsum with a low, obscure callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 1 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: west slope of the Andes of Quito, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. lanata:

K); eastern ridge of the Cordillera, alt. 12,000 ft., W. Jameson s.n. (K).

Cotopoxi: west of El Corazon, alt. 1200 m, 19 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him 4011 (SEL).

Tungurahua: alt. 8,000 ft., May 1858, Spruce 5384 (K, W).

Morona-Santiago: between Sigsig and Chiguinda, alt. 3000 m, 11 Aug. 1990, A. Him 5049 (MO),

C. Luer illustr. 20499; terrestrial on road embankment east of Paute above Campimenti Guarumales,

alt. 1830, 23 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Andreetta 15224 (MO). Collection data lost, collected

in 2007A. Him 9202 (MO).

Although widely distributed in central Ecuador, this unpretentious species is

uncommon. The ramicauls arise from a stout, ascending rhizome, and the

racemes equal and surpass the elliptical leaves. The obtuse, concave, connivent

sepals are densely long-pubescent within; the petals are not remarkable; and the

lip is concave with a cleft bar and a broadly triangular apex.

382. Stelis lancea Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 3(14), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin lancea , "a spear," in allusion to the shape of the leaf.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, scandent, ascending-repent, the rhizome stout, erect, 1-2 cm

long between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-9 cm long, enclosed by a tubular

sheath below the middle and another sheath at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ovate,

acute, petiolate, 6-10 cm long including a petiole 1.5-2 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into

the slender petiole. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, distichous, many-flowered racemes with several flowers

open simultaneously, 10-14 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, subtended by a spathe 7-8

mm long, below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; flowers light yellow or red; sepals glabrous externally, microscopically

pubescent within, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely ovate, shallowly

concave, with a transverse callus, 0.8 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly obtuse with

the margin thickened, cellular; lip subquadrate, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, concave

anteriorly with the apical margin slightly thickened and rounded, the bar with a shallow glenion, the

dorsum with a rounded callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1

mm long, 1 mm wide, with a rudimentary foot, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: western declivity of the Andes, mountains of Pulzhum, alt. 11,000 ft., Aug.

1857, (R.73), W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. lancea: K); "Quito," 1848, W. Jameson s.n. (K, W);

Pululahua valley, alt. ca. 2500 m, 15 Feb. 1978, C. Luer ; J. Luer & A. Him 2574 (SEL); between

Nono and Tandayapa, alt. 2580 m, 14 May 1981, C.H. Dodson et al. 10740 (SEL).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 2950 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him 6035 (SEL).

This long-scandent species is apparently uncommon in the northern provinces

of Ecuador. The leaves are elliptical-ovate, acute and long petiolate; the multi-

flowered raceme of small flowers exceeds the leaf; the sepals are ovate and ob¬

tuse; and the petals are transverse with a thickened margin and a transverse callus.

The typical type-A lip is concave anteriorly with a rounded apex, a shallow but

relatively large glenion, and a round callus on the dorsum.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

161

383. Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. PL 4: 139, 1805.

Bas.: Humboldtia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. et Chil. 237, 1798.

Ety.: From the Latin lanceolatus , "lanceolate," referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Stelis macrocarpa Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 363, 1836.

Ety.: From the Greek macrocarpos , "large fruit," referring to the capsules.

Syn.: Stelis sesquipedalis Lindl., Orchid. Lind. 3, 1846.

Ety.: From the Latin sesquipedalis , "a foot and a half," alluding to the height of the plant.

Syn.: Stelis rhynchanthera F.Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 447, 1899.

Ety.: From the Greek rhynchanthera , "beaked anther," referring to the shape of the anther-cap.

Plant large, epiphytic to terrestrial, scandent, ascending-repent, the rhizome erect, 3-5 cm long

between ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-7 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath

below the middle and another sheath at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute

to obtuse, petiolate, 6-9.5 cm long including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, gradually nar¬

rowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, sublax, distichous, many-flowered raceme with

several flowers open simultaneously, 15-22 cm long including the peduncle 3-5 cm long, subtended by

a spathe 1.5 cm long, below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3 mm long; pedicels

1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow, glabrous externally, microscopically to shortly

pubescent within, broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly convex, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 4.5 mm

long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 3 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow,

transversely ovate, shallowly concave, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly obtuse

with the margin thickened, cellular-papillose; lip yellow, oblong-subquadrate, 1.25 mm long, 1.75 mm

wide, 1 mm deep, concave anteriorly with the apex rounded, the disc thickly callous, more or less

rounded, cellular-papillose with an apical glenion, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with a rudimentary foot, the anther elongated and the stigma

bilobed.

PERU: Huanuco: mountains of Muna and Pillao near Chachahuassi, Pavon s.n. (Holotype of S.

lanceolata: MA).

ECUADOR: Carchi: above San Gabriel, alt 3340 m, 16 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6251

(SEL); between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 , 6-7 Apr. 1985, C. Luer ; J. Luer & A. Hirtz

11078, 11122 (MO); El Playon, alt. 3100 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 6211 (MO). Pichincha:

COLOMBIA: Narino: mountains of Pasto, between village of Yenoi, forest La Trocha and villa

Tiendala, alt. 1360 hex., Dec. 1801, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype of S. macrocarpa: P).

Cauca: F.C. Lehmann 6817 (holotype of S. rhynchanthera Lehm. & Kraenzl, destroyed at B, neotype

here designated C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 11122 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Merida: Sierra Nevada, alt. 9,000 ft., Aug. 1842, J. Linden 632 (holotype of S.

sesquipedalis: K; isotype: BM, G); Paramo La Negra, alt. 10,000 ft., June 1962, G.C.K. Dunsterville

709.

This species is found through much of the Andes at an altitude over 2500

meters above sea level. It was first collected and described from Peru by Ruiz

and Pavon in Humboldtia ; it was collected in Colombia by Humboldt and Bon¬

pland; it was collected in Venezuela by Linden; and it was collected in Ecuador by

Lehmann. The habit is erectly long-repent with elliptical leaves and a twice

longer raceme. This repent habit, however, is obscure in the Ruiz collection, and

lost in the type of Stelis sesquipedalis Lindl., because the ramicauls have been

broken away from the lower portions. The petals and lip are proportionately large

for the ovate sepals. The petals are transverse and shallowly concave. The lip, an

unusual variant of type-A, is transverse and thick with a prominent, rounded,

callous disc overlain by a prominent, elongated rostellum with overlying anther-

cap.

384. Stelis lentiginosa Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 8(58), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin lentiginosus, "with minute dots," referring to red dots seen on the floral bracts.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-18 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute to subacute, 20-35 mm long

including a petiole 7-10 mm long, 5-6 mm wide dry, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, subdensely successively several-flowered raceme, 5-6 cm long including the peduncle ca. 3 cm

162

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

long, with a spathe 5 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infun¬

dibular, acuminate, oblique, 3 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals (color un¬

known) broadly ovate, obtuse, glabrous, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,

3-veined, the lateral sepals widely spread, 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals broadly

obovate-oblong, thin, shallowly concave, 0.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly round¬

ed, narrowly thickened on the margin; lip pyriform, 0.3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 1.6 mm deep (thinly

subdiscoid), the apex broadly rounded, shallowly concave above the middle, the base filled with a

minutely pubescent callus that extends forward into the cavity as a glenion, the base hinged to the base

of the column; column stout, 1 mm long and wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed

stigma apical.

Pichincha: descent of the Eastern Cordillera, on trunks and branches of Escallonia , at 12,000 ft., W.

Jameson 18 (Holotype of S. lentiginosa : K), C. Luer illustr. 19938.

This is one of the very few species described by Lindley from Jameson's

collections that has not yet been rediscovered. It is known to me only from

Jameson's collection, but it may lie unidentified among the many "indets" filed

away in scattered herbaria. The accompanying description and illustration have

been made from the type-specimen at Kew. Dunsterville's drawing in Venezuelan

Orchids Illustrated identified as Stelis lentiginosa is a caespitose variation S.

ascendens Lindl.

As represented at K by Lindley's type, Stelis lentiginosa is a small plant less

than five centimeters tall, and the raceme exceeds the narrow leaf. Material is too

scanty to determine if it is prolific. The sepals are glabrous and broadly ovate; the

petals are single-veined; and the lip, a discoid variation of type-B, is shallowly

concave and pyriform in outline with the apex broadly rounded. The "length" of

the lip is what appears to be the thickness; the depth is the distance from the base

to the tip.

385., 385a., 385b. Stelis lindenii Lindl., Orchid. Lind. 3, 1846.

Ety.: Named in honor of Jean Linden who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis grandis Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 70, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin grandis , "large," referring to the size of the plant.

Syn.: Stelis ochreata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 2(8), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin ochreatus, "ochre-yellow," referring to the color of the flowers.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizomes stout, 0.5-3 cm long between

ramicauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending erect, stout to relatively slender 15-35 cm long, with a

tubular sheath above the middle and another 2 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-

ovate, subacute, petiolate, 10-17 cm long including the petiole 1-2 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-4 erect, strict, distichous, many-flowered racemes with several

to many flowers open simultaneously, congested above, loosely flowered below, 10-25 cm long includ¬

ing the peduncle 3-8 cm long, with a spathe 1-1.5 cm long, at an annulus below the apex of the rami¬

caul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 2.5 mm long; sepals

similar, fleshy, sensitive, glabrous externally, cellular-glandular within, yellow, green to purple,

transversely ovate, broadly obtuse, connate to near the middle, the dorsal sepal 2.75-4.5 mm long, 3-5

mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals 2.5-4 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, 5-veined; petals green or

purple, transversely ovate, obtuse, shallowly concave, 1 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined, with the

margin broadly thickened; lip green or purple, obliquely subquadrate, 1 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, 1

mm deep, the anterior surface shallowly concave with the apex broadly rounded, the bar with a small

glenion, the dorsum with a rounded, microscopically pubescent callus, the base truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical.

VENEZUELA: Merida: forests of Valle, near Merida, alt. 6,000 ft., Aug. 1842, J. Linden 679

(Holotype of S. lindenii : K), C. Luer illustr. 19230; forests of Valle, near Merida, alt. 6,000 ft.,

Sept., 1846, L Schlim 1019 (holotype of S. grandis : W; isotypes G, K, LD, LE).

Trujillo: between Trujillo and Bocono, alt. 2300-2400 m, 3-4 Sept. 1966, J.A. Steyermark & M. Rate

97246 (MES, VEN). Lara: between Cobiro and La Escalera, alt. 1500 m, 10 Aug. 1970, J.A.

Steyermark & G.C.K. & E. Dunsterville 103684 (AMES, VEN).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

163

Representative collections from Ecuador:

ECUADOR: Carchi: trail from Maldonado to Tobar Donoso, alt. 1500 m, 27 Feb. 1974, G. Marling

& L. Andersson 12253 (GB); between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 1950 m, 2-4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom & T. Hdijer 9904, 9906 (MO).

Imbabura: between Carolina and Buenos Aeres, alt. 1950 m, 17 Jan. 1987, C, Luer, J. Luer et al.

12349 (K, MO).

Pichincha: new road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 1950 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom, T. Hdijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9833 (MO); same area, alt. 2000 m, 1 Mar. 1986, C. Luer,

C. Dodson, A. Hirtz & A. Embree 12070 (MO); farm road south of Tandapi, alt. 1450 m, 1 Mar.

1986, C. Luer, C. Dodson, A. Hirtz & A. Embree 12054, 12055 (K, MO); between Chiriboga and

Santo Domingo, alt. 1500 m, 20 May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13714 (K, MO).

Pastaza: collected Sept. 1980, cultivated at SEL, 1981, C. Luer 5986 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: between Limon and La Union, alt. 1400-1500 m, 22 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L

Andersson 24420 (GB, QCA); Chiviaza, east of Limon, alt. 1300 m, 21 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, E.

Sanchez & S. Marin 7032 (MO).

Azuay: northeast of Osomache in Rio Paute valley, alt. 2400 m, 3 Feb. 1988, U. Molau, B. Eriksen,

M. Fredrikson 2895 (AAU, GB); Cordillera del Molleturo, above Rio Shumiral, alt. 650 m, 27 Jan.

1992, A. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16175 (MO).

El Oro: forest above Zaruma, alt. 1800 m, 23 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A.

Embree 12025 (MO).

This species is widely distributed in the Andes from western Venezuela into

southern Ecuador. It is characterized by a large, shortly repent habit with ellipti¬

cal-ovate, petiolate leaves. Some populations are considerably smaller with

slender ramicauls and some racemes are shorter than the leaf. The floral bracts of

the congested racemes usually hug the rachis, while those of the similar Stelis

glumacea Lindl. protrude. The broadly ovate, obtuse, five-veined sepals are thick,

fleshy and sensitive, closing when disturbed, but never widely expanding. The

flowers are arranged in opposite ranks, with the flowers often overlapping above.

The petals are broadly ovate with the margin thick. The lip is type-A, concave

anteriorly with a rounded margin.

386. Stelis loxensis Lindl., PI. Hartw. 149, 1844.

Ety.: Named for the province of Loja in southern Ecuador, where the species was found.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, shortly ascending to densely caespitose, roots slender. Rami¬

cauls ascending-erect, fasciculate, stout, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths, and 1-2

other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 4-8 cm long

including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, strict, congested, distichous, densely many-flowered raceme 8-10 cm long including the pedun¬

cle 1-1.5 cm long, with several to many flowers open simultaneously, with a slender spathe 5-10 mm

long, below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts conspicuous, oblique, infundibular, acute, 4-5 mm

long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow suffused with brown to yellow-green,

glabrous externally, pubescent within, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2.6 mm

wide, 3-veined, connate below the middle, the lateral sepals 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

transversely oblong-ovate, concave, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the margin broadly round¬

ed, slightly thickened; lip thick, transversely oblong, the apex rounded with a thickened margin, 0.6

mm long, 1.1 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with a glenion, the dorsum with a

broad, minutely pubescent callus, sometimes more or less trilobed, the base truncate, hinged to an

obsolescent column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with the anther and the bilobed

stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Loja: without locality, July 1838, T. Hartweg 38 (Holotype of S. loxensis : K), C. Luer

illustr. 19940; near Loxa, 1842, T. Hartweg 849 (LD); summit of Cerro Villonaco, alt. 2600 m, 12

Apr. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 13458 (GB); between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2000 m, 6 Mar.

1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1544 (SEL); at pass north of Loja, alt. 3000 m, 12 Feb. 1978,

C. Luer, J. Luer & M. Portilla 2544 (SEL); Nudo de Sabanilla, northern part, alt. 2600 m, 9 Feb.

1982, G. Harling, J. Bohlin, M. Lindstrom & S. Roth 20498 (GB), C. Luer illustr. 20461; same data,

G. Harling, J. Bohlin, M. Lindstrom & S. Roth 20494, 20496, 20499 (GB); Nudo de Sabanilla, west¬

ern slope above Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 3 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23623 (GB).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2700 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10776A (MO).

164

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This small species, endemic in high altitudes of southern Ecuador, is character¬

ized by a densely caespitose habit with the ramicauls fasciculate and more or less

ascending. The multiflowered raceme is congested with proportionately large,

conspicuous, alternating floral bracts that exceed the flowers that are borne by

short pedicels, much shorter than the floral bracts. The pubescent sepals are simi¬

lar to those of the common Stelis argentata Lindl., and the lip is also type-A, but

with three calli on the dorsum.

387. Stelis lugoi Luer & Endara, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Holguer Lugo, collector of this species and numerous others in Ecuador.

Inter species sectionis Stelidis , habitu parvo caespitoso, racemo subdense plurifloro quam folio

angustissime elliptico longiore acuto, sepalis glabris late ovatis obtusis similibus, petalis transversis

trinervis, et labello subovoideo obtuso antice concavo callo transverso prominenti distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm long, en¬

closed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 3-5.5 cm long including a petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.2-0.3 cm

wide dry, narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, sublax, subflexuous, several-

flowered raceme, 5-8 cm long excluding the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, from an annulus below the apex

of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm

long; sepals purple, similar, broadly ovate, obtuse, 2.2 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, 3-veined with veins

confluent, cellular-glandular, connate below the middle; petals transversely ovate, the apex obtuse

with the margin thickened, shallowly concave, 0.8 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thickly sub-

triangular, obtuse, concave anteriorly, 0.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, the bar prominent

with a glenion, the dorsum concave, base truncate, hinged to the tip of the column-foot; column

semiterete, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pastaza: Teresa Mama on the Rio Bobonaza, south east of Sarayacu, alt. unknown, 26

Aug. 1979, H. Lugo 5722 (Holotype of S. lugov, AMES), C. Luer illustr. 21031.

This spindly little species from southern Ecuador is distinguished by very

narrow leaves, a much shorter ramicaul, and a longer raceme with prominent

floral bracts. The widely expanded sepals are similar, broadly ovate with the

three veins closed. The thickly margined petals are three-veined. The type-A lip

has a prominent bar with a glenion.

388., 388a. Stelis majorella Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin majorella , "diminutive of major," referring to smaller flowers.

Species haec Stelidis majoris Rchb.f. affinis, sed habitu inflorescentiaque minoribus, foliis longi-

petiolatis, racemo laxo subflexuoso differt.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 1.5-4

cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath, and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, subacute to obtuse, 3.5-5 cm long including a petiole 1-2 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below

into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, lax, subflexuous, several-flowered raceme with a few flowers

open simultaneously, 5-13 cm long including the peduncle 2-4 cm long, from an annulus below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts dilated, acute, 3 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm

long; sepals similar, expanded and recurved, concave basally, yellow, tan, to purple, or suffused with

rose, glabrous but with distinctly long-ciliated margins, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, 3-3.5

mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals transversely oblong, 1.25 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined,

concave below the broadly rounded, narrowly thickened, apical margin; lip subdiscoid, 1 mm long,

1.5 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded with an incurved margin, shallowly concave

anteriorly within the margin, the bar thick and protuberant with a conspicuous glenion, the base broad¬

ly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm wide, the shaft terete, elongated,

1 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, the anther and the stigma apical and bilobed with the lobes conflu¬

ent beneath the rostellar flap.

ECUADOR: Morona>Santiago: north of Gualaquiza, alt. 1600 m, 17 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz,

A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13424 (Holotype of S. majorella : MO); near Chigiiinda, alt. 1600-1800 m,

April-May 1887, EC. Lehmann 6563 (AMES); between Tumbes and Indanza, north of Gualaquiza,

alt. 1700 m, 17 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 24245 (GB); Limon, alt. 1400 m, cultivated at

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 5 July 2002, A. Hirtz 8267 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20205.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

165

El Oro: above the gold mines near Zaruma, alt. ca. 1200 m, collected Sept. 1980, flowered in cultiva¬

tion 29 Mar. 1981, C. Luer 5994 (SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: south of Valladolid, near Zumba, alt. 1000 m, cultivated by Ecuagenera, Guala-

ceo, 5 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him, 19735 (MO).

This handsome species is not uncommon in southeastern Ecuador. It is similar

to Stelis major Rchb.f. of Venezuela, but differs in having long-petiolate leaves; a

loose, subflexuous raceme, and considerably smaller flowers. The sepals are

recurved, broadly ovate and long-ciliated, and the central apparatus protrudes

from the concave center of the flower. The petals are rounded and concave,

surrounding the column with an elongated shaft as found in Stelis columnaris

Lindl. The type-C lip with a tall center of the bar with a glenion fits beneath the

column.

389. Stelis maloi Luer, Phytologia 49(3): 230, 1981.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Benigno Malo of Cuenca who first collected this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots numerous, slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-

15 mm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath, and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical,

petiolate, acute to subacute, 15-40 mm long including a petiole 5-13 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loosely few-flowered raceme with 2-3 flowers

open simultaneously, 3-7 cm long including the peduncle 2-4 cm long, from an annulus below the apex

of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long;

sepals rose, glabrous, broadly ovate to suborbicular, transversely obtuse, convex, connate basally into

a cup, the dorsal sepal 2-2.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1.75-2 mm long,

1.5-1.75 mm wide; petals light yellow or light green, transversely elliptical-oblong, concave, 1 mm

long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, with the apex transversely obtuse with a thin margin; lip yellow or

green, thick, subquadrangular, concave with the apex broadly rounded, 1.25 mm long, 1 mm wide,

0.5 mm deep, the base filled with a thick, transverse callus, densely villous-pubescent posteriorly,

hinged to a short column-foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the anther and the stigma

apical, with the stigma transversely oblong.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: forest between Loja and Zamora, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by B.

Malo, flowered in cultivation at Tarqui, 5 May 1981, C. Luer 6095 (Holotype of S. maloi: SEL);

Cordillera del Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1450 m, 19 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Him, W.

Flores & A. Embree 11939 (MO); east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1300 m, 19 May 1988, C. Luer, A.

Him, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13478 (MO).

Napo: new road between Tena and Coca, alt. 1100 m, 22 Feb. 1982, C. Luer & A. Him 6941 (SEL);

between Cotundo and Coca, alt. 1130 m, 19 June 1983, CM. & P.M. Dodson, D. Benzing & A. Him

14116 (SEL).

Pichincha: near Chiriboga, alt. 2000 m, 7 Mar. 1982, C. Luer & A. Him 7227 (SEL).

Pastaza: near Puyo, 9 Oct. 1961, C.H. Dodson & LB. Thien 953 (MO).

Tungurahua: Rio Topo, alt. 1300 m, 15 July 1983, A. Him 1100 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: new road west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1550 m, 16 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Him et al. 13932 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Chuchumbletza, alt. 1650 m, 21 May

1988, C. Luer, A. Him, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13525 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of

Guisme, alt. 1650 m, 20 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup & P. Jesup 14012 (MO); east of Los

Encuentros, alt. 1450 m, 4 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him 12615 (MO); new road from

Mendez to Paute, alt. 1680 m, 3 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him 19630 (MO); Guarumales,

alt. 1400-1800 m, 18 Apr. 2001, A. Him, X. Him, H. Zelenko & R. TXoch 7576, 7718 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1810 m, 12

Dec. 2004, F. Werner 1419 (MO).

This species, apparently endemic in southeastern Ecuador, is characterized by

a small habit, and a loose, few-flowered raceme longer than narrowly elliptical

leaves. The sepals are similar, suborbicular and convex beyond their union into a

cup that holds the central apparatus. The petals are thin, suborbicular and con¬

cave. The type-B lip is thick, oblong, obtuse and concave with a broad, pubescent

callus across the base.

166

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

390. Stelis megalocephala Luer, Phytologia 49(3): 231, 1981.

Ety.: From the Greek megalocephalos, "with a large head," referring to the proportionately

large dorsal sepal.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-25 mm long, en¬

closed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 10-45 mm

long including a petiole 3-15 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a

suberect, lax, flexuous, successively 2- to 7-flowered raceme, 10-15 mm long, borne by a peduncle 5-

20 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, ovate, 2-2.5 mm

long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals purple to green, microscopically pubescent

within, connate basally, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate to suborbicular, convex, 5-7 mm long, 5-6 mm

wide, 5- to 7-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, obtuse, 4-6 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, con¬

nate 1 mm, held forward; petals purple, transversely ovate, shallowly concave below the thickened,

broadly rounded margin, 1.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, thick, transversely ovoid,

0.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 0.8 mm thick, shallowly concave anteriorly within the thick, rounded

apex, the dorsum with a low, rounded, cellular-pubescent callus continuous with a glenion, the base

truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the foot

obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: along Rio Calagras, alt. 1600 m, 19 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer et

al. 5503 (Holotype of S. megalocephala : SEL).

Tungurahua: along Rio Topo at the bridge, alt. 1630 m, 27 Feb. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

19542 (MO).

This small species is characterized by a proportionately large flower that is

produced successively in a short raceme no longer than the leaf. The dorsal sepal

is large, suborbicular and erect, while the smaller lateral sepals are held forward.

The petals are three-veined, and the lip is type-A with a dorsal callus presenting

forward across the bar as the glenion.

391., 391a. Stelis microchila Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 289, 1911.

Ety.: From the Greek microcheilos, "a minute lip," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis barhata Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 141, 1913.

Ety.: From the Latin barbatus, "barbed," referring to the long pubescence of the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis costaricensis Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 2, 388, 1918, not S. costaricensis

Rchb.f., 1855.

Ety.: Named of Costa Rica, country of origin.

Syn.: Stelis bryophila Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 16, 1923.

Ety.: From the Greek bryophilos , "moss-loving," referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Stelis cinerea Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 444, 1918, replaced name for Stelis

costaricensis Schltr., 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin cinereus, "ash grey," referring to the color of the flower.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.4-0.8 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2-4

cm long including the petiole 0.3-1 cm long, 0.5-1.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflor¬

escence an erect, dense, distichous, subsecund, many-flowered raceme with several flowers open

simultaneously, 5-8 cm long including the peduncle 2-5 cm long, with a few bracts, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, ovate, 2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary

0.75 mm long; sepals expanded, olive-colored, with long, dense, white pubescence within, glabrous

externally, connate basally, ovate, narrowly obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals 1.5 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, cuneate-obovate,

shallowly concave, 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly rounded with the margin

thickened; lip purple, oblong-trilobed, thick, 0.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, the apical lobe, oblong,

truncate, the lateral lobes thick, erect, broadly rounded, cellular, concave between, the base truncate,

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

stigma apical, the stigma widely bilobed.

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: near Pansamala, alt. 3,800 ft., July 1886, H. von Turckheim 700

(Holotype of S. microchila destroyed atB; Lectotype here designated: AMES 22591; Isolectotype: BR,

G); near Pansamala, alt. 3,800 ft., Aug. 1887, H. von Turckheim 700 (K); near Coban, alt. 1550 m,

Aug. 1912, H. von Turckheim 2494 (AMES, G, US, W); vicinity of Coban, alt. 4000 ft., 5 Sept.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

167

1920, H. Johnson 729 (AMES); between Tactic and Tamahu, alt. 1500-1600 m, 1-7 Apr. 1941, P.C.

Standley 91399 (AMES); along river above Las Islas near Carcha, alt. 1300 m, 28 Nov. 1990, C.

Luer, J. Luer & M. Behar 14851 (MO). Baja Verapaz: Cerro Verde near Parvula, alt. 1700 m, 28

Apr. 1882, F.C. Lehmann 1358 (G); near del Biotopo, alt. 1660 m, 15 June 1985, E. Martinez 13123

(MEXU, MO).

MEXICO: Chiapas: near Laguna Ocotal Grande, alt. 950 m, 20 July-20 Aug. 1954, R.L. Dressier

1436 (AMES); between Tziscao and Pacayal, alt. 1000 m, 9 Aug. 1985, T. Chehaihar et al. 247

(AMO); Las Margaritas, toward Cruz de Rosario, alt. 1500-1600 m, 9 Aug. 1992, M.A. Soto & R.

Solano 7328 (AMO, MO).

EL SALVADOR: Santa Ana: Cerro Montecristo, Trifino, alt. 2300 m, 25 Feb. 1978 E Hamer 664

(AMES. MO).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: near Cachi, flowered in cultivation at Kew, Nov. 1912, C.H. Lankester 384

(holotype of S. barbata : K; clonotype: AMES); Tablazo, alt. ca. 1900 m, July 1908, C. Brade s.n.

[holotype of S. costaricensis Schltr. (S. cinerea) destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES

23702, illustr. of type]; Navarito, 3 Feb. 1924, C.H. Lankester s.n. (AMES); La Carpintera, alt.

1500-1850 m, Feb. 1924, P.C. Standley 34478 (AMES); Volcan Turrialva, alt. 2000 m, 17 Mar.

1986, C. Luer ; J. Luer, D. Dod & D. Retana 12090 (MO). Alajuela: Colinas de La Palma, alt. 1250

m, 15 Dec. 1922, A.M. Brenes 502 (AMES); El Coyolar, alt. 240 m, 1 Apr. 1924, P.C. Standley

39733 (AMES). Heredia: Yerba Buena northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m, 22-28 Feb. 1926, P.C.

Standley 49202, 49203, 49994 (AMES); San Jeronimo, alt. 1400 m, Nov. 1920, C. Werckle 82 holo¬

type of S. bryophila destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 30421, photo and illustr. of

type). Dept, of Puntarenas: Monteverde Reserve, leeward cloud forest, alt. 1500 m, 17 Feb. 1992, S.

Ingram, K. Ferrell-Ingram & N. Edmondson 1337 (SEL).

PANAMA: Code: mountains beyond La Pintada, alt. 400-600 m, A.A. Hunter & PH. Allen 590

(AMES); El Valle de Anton, alt. ca. 1000 m, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressier & P. Taylor 1020 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Imbabura: Estacion Carchi, alt. 1800 m, Dec. 1983, A. Hirtz 1456 (MO).

Pichincha: east of Patricia Pilar, Rio Palenque, flowered in cultivation July 1977, C. Luer 1769

(SEL); Centenela, flowered in cultivation 17 Mar. 1981, C. Luer 5983 (SEL); Rio Cinto between Lloa

and Mindo, alt 2000 m, 12 Oct. 1990, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 5102 (MO), C. Luer illustr.

19478; west of San Miguel de los Bancos, alt. 800 m, Mar. 2004, A. Hirtz 8689 (MO), C. Luer il¬

lustr. 20851, Esmeraldas: west of Lita, alt, 800 m, 13 Aug. 1986, A. Hirtz 2948 (MO). El Oro:

Cordillera Mollopungo, Muyuyacu, east of Rio Chico, alt. 1100 m, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz 4907 (MO).

This species is relatively frequent and variable in its wide distribution through

Costa Rica and Panama into western Ecuador. Vegetatively, the small plants are

not remarkable, but the congested, secund inflorescence is distinctive. In various

populations the flowers appear grey-green, grey-purple, or purple-black with a

dense, long, white pubescence of the sepals. The petals are proportiolately large

but single-veined, and the tiny, distinctive, three-lobed lip is a variation of type-B.

392. Stelis mononeura Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 4(25), 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek mononeuron , "one nerved," referring to the petals.

Syn.: Stelis fasciculata Luer, Phytologia 49: 229, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin fasciculatus, "fasciculata," referring to the racemes.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-

18 cm long, with a tubular sheath from near the middle and 2-3 tubular sheaths at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute, petiolate, 7-12 cm long including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the

blade 1.5-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 3-15 erect, congested, many-

flowered racemes 8-15 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, with many flowers open simul¬

taneously, with a spathe 6-7 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 2.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals green to yellow, with or

without purple suffusion, glabrous externally, long-villous within, elliptical, obtuse to round at the

apex, 3-veined, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the lateral sepals held

forward, opposite when expanded, oblique, 2.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide; petals green or purple,

broadly oblong, concave and round at the thickened, cellular-papillose apex, 1.5 mm long, 1.25 mm

wide, 1-veined; lip green or purple, oblong-ovoid, 0.75 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, con¬

cave anteriorly with the apex obtuse, the anterior surface excavate beneath the shelf-like bar, the

dorsum convex, minutely pubescent, the base truncate, hinged to an obsolescent column-foot; column

stout, 1 mm long, with the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

COLOMBIA: Narino: woods near Pasto, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. mononeura : K).

ECUADOR: Carchi: Bolivar, above La Paz, alt. 3100 m, 18 Feb. 1998, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz &

J. del Hierro 18733 (MO); same data, alt. 3300 m, C. Luer et al. 18746, 18751 (MO).

Tungurahua: Hda. Lieto, vicinity of Patate, alt. 2800 m, 5 Aug. 1939, E. Asplund 8091 (AMES, S);

between Lieto and Triunfo, alt. 2800-3000 m, 25 Aug. 2001, A. Hirtz et al. 7764 (MO).

168

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Napo: between Papallacta and Baeza, along Rio Papllacta, alt. 2050, 6 June 1973, L Holm-Nielsen, S.

Jeppesen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6984 (AAU); north of Baeza, alt. ca. 2000 m, 10 Aug. 1978, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 3226 (SEL); between Salcedo and Puerto Nuevo, Rio Anate-

nario, alt. 2800 m, 27 May, 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & U. Molau 13819 (AAU, GB); near Papallacta,

alt. 3000 m, 29 Oct. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4430 (SEL); below Papallacta, alt. 2770, 15

May 1981, C. Luer & J. Luer 6230 (holotype of S. fasciculata : SEL).

This species occurs at high altitudes of the Andes from southern Colombia to

central Ecuador. It is characterized by several to many crowded racemes that are

about as long as the elliptical leaf. The sepals are long-pubescent within with the

laterals held forward; the petals are oblong, concave, single-veined, and minutely

papillose on the thickened margin; and the type-B lip is about as long as broad

with the anterior half deeply concave.

393., 393a. Stelis morganii Dodson & Garay, Ic. PI. Trop. 328, 1980.

Ety.: Named in honor of H.H. "Pete" Morgan, co-collector of this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, fasciculate, slender,

2-4 cm long, enclosed by 3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to elliptical-ocate,

acute, 3-7 cm long including the petiole 0.5-1 cm long, 1-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme, with a few flowers open simul¬

taneously, 2.5-6 cm long including the peduncle 1 cm long, borne behind the leaf, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, inflated, acute, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals white, yellow-white, or pale rose, with a long, fine pubescence above

the middle, connate basally, transversely ovate, obtuse, 1.25-1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined;

petals pale green, transversely ovate, cellular-glandular, shallowly concave, 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm

wide, 1-veined, the apex broadly rounded, thickened along the margin; lip pale green, ovoid-subqua¬

drate, thick, cellular-glandular, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, the anterior surface shal¬

lowly concave with the apex broadly rounded, transversely thickened across the center, with a small

glenion, the dorsum shallowly concave with a low, red, central callus, the base truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Dos Rios, between Santo Domingo and Quito, alt. 1200 m, flowered in culti¬

vation 10 May 1980, CM. Dodson, H.H. Morgan, B. L0jtnant & U. Molau 7796 (Holotype of S.

morganii : SEL); between Quito and Santo Domingo, Rio Pilaton, alt. 1100-1400 m, 14 June 1973, L.

Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. Lpjtnant & B. 0lgaard 7153 (AAU, AMES, SEL); between Alluriquin

and Chiriboga, alt. 1100 m, 20 Apr. 1977, M.T. Madison 4060 (SEL); same area, alt. 1000 m, 31

Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & A. Hirtz 9835 (MO); between Mindo and Puerto Quito,

alt. 1600 m, 13 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & A. Hirtz 7327 (SEL); road to silver mine above

Toachi, alt. 1500 m, 14 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & A. Hirtz 7354 (SEL); between San Miguel

de los Bancos and Mindo, alt. 1450 m, 1 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & A. Hirtz 9873

(MO).

Cotopaxi: paramo between Quevedo and Latacunga, alt. 3500 m, 5 Mar. 1985, C. Luer & R. Kent

316 (SEL).

Imbabura: above Garcia Moreno, alt. 1850 m, 1 Mar. 1992, S. Dalstrom 1598 (MO).

Chimborazo: orange grove below Bucay, alt. 600 m, 14 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A.

Andreetta 3310 (SEL).

Bolivar: Balzapamba, between Babahoyo and Guaranda, alt. 730 m, 21 May 1960, C. Dodson 676

(SEL); same area, in citrus trees, alt. 700 m, 23 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J.

Kuijt 9669 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: Gualaquiza, alt. 800 m, flowered in cultivation at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 27 July

2004, A. Hirtz 8930 (MO).

Loja: above Jimbura, alt. 2800 m, 1 Feb. 2003, A. Hirtz et al. 8487 (MO).

Azuay: Cordillera del Molleturo, above Rio Shurimal, alt. 640 m, 27 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz, A. &P. Jesup 16174 (MO).

This species is widely distributed on the western declivities of the Andes of

Ecuador. Vegetatively, the plants are distinguished by ascending fascicles of short

ramicauls, and congested racemes of tiny flowers borne behind the leaves that

approach the leaves in length. The sepals are transversely ovate with a long, fine

pubescence. The minute petals are single-veined, and the dorsal callus of the

type-A lip protrudes forward through the bar as a glenion.

Stelis dressleri Luer of Panama is similar, but the sepals are glabrous.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

169

394. Stelis muscifera Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 2(6), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin muscifer, "fly-bearing," in allusion to the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis bangii Rolfe ex Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 260, 1895.

Ety.: Named for Miguel Bang, the collector.

Syn.: Stelis amblyophylla Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 6: 33, 1919.

Ety.: From the Greek amblyophyllus , "blunt-leaved," referring to the obtuse apex of the leaves.

Syn.: Stelis trinitatis Ames, Sched. Orchid. 2: 15, 1923.

Ety.: Named for Trinidad, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis trinitensis Ames ex Broadway, Orchid Rev. 34: 134, 1926, sphalm. Ames

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

stout, 1.5-7 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from near the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 3.5-10 cm long

including an indistinct petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade 0.7-1.8 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into

the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, congested, many-flowered raceme with several over¬

lapping flowers open simultaneously, 5-18 cm long including the peduncle 4-5 cm long, with a spathe

0.5-1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-5 mm

long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals expanded, purple, glabrous, transversely ovate,

obtuse, deeply connate, the dorsal sepal 2.5-5 mm long, 4-5.5 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals 2-

3.5 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, 5-veined; petals dark purple, transversely ovate, shallowly concave

below with the broadly obtuse apex with a broad, flat margin, deeply concave below a transverse

callus, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; lip dark purple, thickly triangular, 0.5-0.6 mm long, 0.75-1 mm

wide, 0.75-1 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with a narrow glenion, with the apex obtuse with

a broad margin, the dorsum minutely pubescent with a rounded callus, flanked on either side with a

smaller or obscure callus, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout,

0.75-1 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical, the foot obsolescent.

VENEZUELA: Aragua: near Colonia Tovar, 1854-55, A. Fendler 1460 (Holotype of S. muscifera : K;

Isotypes: AMES, BR, G). Dist. Fed.: Caracas, exported by K.W. John, flowered in cultivation in

May 1904, (holotype of S. amblyophylla destroyed at B, neotype here designated C. Luer, J. Luer, A .

Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 13876 (MO).

TRINIDAD: Heights of Aripo, 10-26 Jan. 1922, W.E. Broadway 9886 (holotype of S. trinitatis :

AMES).

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: in guava trees along Rio Negro north of Puyo, alt. 1500 m, 28 Mar. 1984,

C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9774 (MO).

Pastaza: Rio Negro, alt. 1400 m, 13 Oct. 1984, A. Him & C.H. Dodson 2029 (MO).

Napo: between Tena ad Pano, alt. 750 m, 14 Dec. 1976, E.W. Davis 401 (AMES).

Morona-Santiago: southeast of Sigsig, near Chigiiinda, alt. 1600 m, 13 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Him, A. & P. Jesup 13876 (MO); above Campimento Guarumales, alt. 1750 m, C. Luer, J. Luer

& A. Andreetta 15257 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1550 m, 18 May 1988, C.

Luer, A. Him et al. 13462 (MO).

This species is vegetatively variable in its wide distribution through the Andes

from coastal Venezuela into the Andes of Ecuador. The ramicaul is noticeably

shorter than the leaf. The raceme is characterized by more or less conspicuous,

alternating floral bracts. The shape of the flowers with all three broadly ovate

sepals, much wider than long, and deeply connate into a broad, flat flower, is

similar to that of the larger, robust Stelis tristyla Lindl. The petals are semilunate

with a thick, flat margin and a transverse callus. The type-A lip is triangular and

obtuse with a narrow glenion. Lindley mentions an apiculate lip, but none is

present on a hydrated flower of the holotype.

395. Stelis nanegalensis Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 8(54), 1858.

Ety.: Named for the community of Nanegal near where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis vulcanica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 125, 1915.

Ety.: From the Latin vulcanicus , "volcanic," referring to Pulalagua Crater.

Plant small to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-6 cm long,

enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellip¬

tical, acute, subacute to obtuse, 5-11 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, cu-

170

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

neate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, distichous, subsecund, many-flowered

raceme with several to many flowers open simultaneously, 10-26 cm long including the peduncle 3-10

cm long, with a few bracts, subtended by a spathe ca. 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of

the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1-2.5 mm

long; sepals expanded, pale yellow, suffused with purple, or purple, glabrous externally, shortly

pubescent or cellular-glandular within, connate basally, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 2-5 mm

long, 2-5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 2-5 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow

or purple, transversely cuneate-obovate, shallowly concave, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the apex

broadly rounded with the margin thickened; lip yellow or purple, thick, transversely subquadrate, 0.6

mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, 0.4 mm deep, shallowly concave inside the apical margin, the margin thin,

minutely tri-apiculate centrally, the bar convex with a long, narrow glenion, the base broadly truncate,

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the

anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUAROR: Pichincha: Nanegal, western declivity of Pichincha, alt. 10,000 ft., 1854, W. Jameson

s.n. (Holotype of S. nanegalensis : K); Pulalagua Crater, alt. ca. 2800 m, Dec. 1871, A. Sodiro 19

(holotype of S. vulcanica : destroyed at B, neotype here designated: Nanegal, flowered in cultivation at

SEL, 13 June 1981, C. Luer6325 , SEL); Palmitopamba, west of Nanegal, alt. 1300 m, 23 Jan. 1974,

G. Harling & L Andersson 11527 (AMES, GB); between Quito and Puerto Quito, alt. 700 m, 16

Dec, 1984, Silva Sigcha 001 (QCA).

Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserve, alt. 1400 m, 23 June 1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & H. Wanntorp

1734 (MO, SEL).

Cotopaxi: trail from El Corazon to Fecundo Vela, alt. 1300 m, 17 May 1980, G. Harling & L. An¬

dersson 19213 (GB).

Bolivar: between Chillanes and San Jose del Tambo, alt. 2500 m, 17 Feb. 1991, CM. Dodson et al.

18707 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: near Mendez on Rio Paute, alt. ca. 600 m, cultivated in Chamblee, GA, 18 July

1988, F L Stevenson 88-718-2 (MO); Chiviasa, east of Limon, alt. 1300 m, 21 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz

7020 (MO).

El Oro: west of Pinas, alt. 900 m, 8 Oct. 1979, CM. Dodson , A. Gentry & G. Shupp 8985 (MO);

Hda. Ducay, southeast of Limon-playa, alt. 500 m, 18 Mar. 1995, X. Cornejo & C. Bonifaz 3834

(GUAY).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Loyola, east of Valladolid, alt. 1800 m, cultivated by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 17

Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz 7592 (MO).

Narino: La Planada Reserve, alt. 1750 m, 5 Jan. 1988, A. Gentry, O. de Benevides & P. Keating

60431 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Parque National Natural Las Orquideas, alt. 1300 m, 30 Mar. 1988, A.

Cogollo et al. 2827 (JAUM, MO).

BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor Yungas, below Yolasa, alt. 1250 m, 24 Jan. 1983, J.C. Solomon 9355 (MO).

This large Andean species is similar to the common and widely distributed

Stelis superbiens Lindl. Both species have large, flat flowers with type-C lips.

Stelis nanegalensis is distinguished from the latter by three teeth at the center of

the curved margin of the lip. Elmer Smith's illustration (Garay, 1980) fails to

show the three teeth.

50., 50a., 50b. Stelis oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. PI. 4: 139, 1805.

Bas.: Humboldtia oblonga Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. et Chil. 236, 1798.

Ety.: From the Latin oblongus , "oblong," referring to the leaf.

Syn.: Stelis floribunda Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 362, 1815.

Ety.: From the Latin floribundus, "many-flowered," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis fissa Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 5(28), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin fissus, "split," referring to the bracts on the specimen examined.

Syn.: Stelis apiculata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 84, 1920, not Lindl., 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin apiculatus , "apiculate," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis insignis Ames, Sched. Orchid. 1: 5, 1922, as S. insigne.

Ety.: From the Latin insignis, "outstanding, noted," referring to the aspect of the species.

Syn.: Stelis dodsonii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 42, 2002.

Ety.: Named for Calaway Homer Dodson, co-collector of this species.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

171

PERU: Huanuco: Muna, Pavon s.n. (Holotype of S. oblonga : MA, Isotype: W).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 5 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal-

strom & T. Hbijer 9961 (MO); Bolivar, above La Paz, alt. 3000 m, 18 Feb. 1998, C. Luer, J. Liter,

A. Him & J. del Hierro 18741 (MO).

Sucumbios: between Playon de San Francisco and El Carmelo, alt. 3000 m, 14 Apr. 1979, B.

L0jtnant, U. Molau & M. Madison 12520 (GB); west of El Carmelo, alt. 2900 m, 5 Feb. 1982, C.H.

Dodson & A. Gentry 12082 (SEL); terrestrial north of El Playon, alt. 3100 m, 20 Mar. 1991, C. Luer,

J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15185 (MO); south of Santa Barbara, alt. 2700 m, 20 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer

& A. Him 15208 (MO).

Esmeraldas: new road between Lita and San Lorenzo, alt. 600 m, 25 Jan. 1996, A. Him , X. Hirtz &

J. del Hierro 6266 (MO).

Imbabura: near Tinajillo in El Pantel, alt. 2500 m, 8 Feb. 1880, F.C. Lehmann 533, 534 (W); Selva

Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Him & X. Him 4232 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20434.

Pichincha: "Quito," without locality, 1848, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of S. fissa : K); Valley of

Lloa, alt. 8,000 ft., Col. Hall s.n. (K); towards the base of Pichincha in ravines, W. Jameson s.n. (K);

west of Nono, alt. 2700 m, 12 June 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strom 10225 (GB).west of

Calacalf and La Liberia, alt. 2100 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, C. Dodson & P.

Dodson 11057 (holotype of S. dodsonii: MO); same area, alt. 2200 m, 7 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal-

strom, T. Hbijer & A. Hirtz 9996 (MO).

Napo: near Papallacta, alt. 2700 m, 15 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Him 6244 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: between Guamote and Macas, alt. 3000 m, 14 Oct. 2004, collected by E. Sanchez,

cultivated in Cuenca, A. Hirtz 9107 (MO).

Loja: Cerro Villonaco, west slope, alt. 2800 m, 10 Feb. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 21869

(GB), C. Luer illustr. 20520; west of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2700 m, 14 Feb. 1985,

G. Harling & L. Andersson 22066 (GB), C. Luer illustr. 20521; San Pedro de Vilcabamba, alt. 2400

m, 23 Apr. 1986, D. DAlessandro 624 (MO); army road east of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 22 Mar.

1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Him & W. Flores 10808 (holotype of S. oxychila : MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1950-2100 m, 15 Apr. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S.

Jeppesen, B. Lpjtnant & B. 0lgaard 3444 (AAU, AMES); south of Yangana, alt. 2250 m, 11 May

1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6180 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: Cauca: Andes of Popayan, near Poblazon, alt. 1210 hex., Nov. 1801, A. Humboldt &

A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype of S. floribunda: P); around Huila, Rio Paez valley, Tierra Adentro, alt.

1600-1900 m, Jan. 1906, H. Pittier 1299 (holotype of S. insignis : AMES); without locality, 1909-

1911, M. Madero s.n. (holotype of S. apiculata Schltr. destroyed at B, neotype here desinated:

C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hbijer 9961 (MO).

Stelis oblonga was first described from Peru by Ruiz & Pavon as Humboldtia

oblonga ; Kunth described it as S. florbunda from a collection by Humboldt and

Bonpland from Colombia: and Lindley described it as S. fissa from a collection by

Jameson from Ecuador. Most recently it was described and illustrated in leones

Pleurothallidinarum 24, Part One, Fig. 50.

This large species is widely distributed in the Andes from Colombia, through

Ecuador into Peru. It is variable vegetatively, often large with the leaves broad

and elliptical-oblong. One to several racemes, as long as or longer than the leaf,

of crowded, small flowers are produced simultaneously. Except for the internal

pubescence that varies from short to long, the floral parts remain relatively con¬

stant and usually readily identifiable. The lip is type-B with the truncate apex

abruptly acuminate-apiculate.

396., 396a. Stelis oblongifolia Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 12(89), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin oblongifolius , "with oblong leaves," referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Stelis chachapoyensis Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 225, 1855.

Ety.: Named for Chachapoyas, Peru, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis superposita Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 124, 1915.

Ety.: From the Latin superpositus , "superposed," referring to the prolific habit.

Syn: Stelis coturcoensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 52, 1921.

Ety.: Named for Mt. Coturco where the species was collected.

172

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender,

prolific, 15-20 cm long below to 3-6 cm long above, enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and

another sheath at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 5-

10 cm long including the petiole 1-2 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. In¬

florescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open simulta¬

neously, 10-17 cm long including the peduncle 2-3 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, 2-4 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 1-2 mm long; sepals

purple, yellow or white, glabrous externally, minutely cellular-glandular within, broadly ovate, obtuse,

connate below the middle, the dorsal sepal 4-4.5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3- to 5-veined, the lateral

sepals 3-4 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, transversely ovate, 0.6-1.25 mm long,

1-1.9 mm wide, 3- to 4-veined, with the apex broadly obtuse with a thick, flattened margin, the base

broadly truncate; lip suffused with purple, thick, subquadrate, 0.6-1.4 mm long, 0.6-1.3 mm wide, the

apex obtuse, concave anteriorly with a long glenion, the dorsum with 1 or 3 low, rounded calli, the

base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75-1 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide, the

foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: without locality, (R.74), W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. oblongifolia : K);

without locality, W. Jameson 74 (W); between Quito and Chiriboga, alt. 2400 m, 14 Mar. 1963, C.H.

Dodson & LB. Thien 2390 (SEL); above Papallacta, alt. 2770 m, 15 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 6234 (SEL); between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 1700 m, 12 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer

& P. Taylor 821, 823 (SEL); west of Nono, alt. 3200 m, 9 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor

781 (SEL); Pululahua Valley, alt. 2500 m, 15 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 2589 (SEL);

between Nono and CalacaK, alt. 2800 m, 9 Mar. 1982, C. Luer & S. Dalstrom 7219, 7222 (SEL); San

Miguel de los Bancos, alt. 2300 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 9878 (MO); Rio

Guajalito, old road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 1800-2200 m, 16 Feb. 1986, V. Zak 835

(AMES, G, MO); new road between Quito and Santo Domingo, alt. 2450 m, 1 Mar. 1986, C. Luer,

C. Dodson, A. Hirtz & A. Embree 12046 (MO).

Carchi: road embankment near pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3000 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C.

Luer et al. 15073 (MO).

Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4218 (K, MO).

Napo: between Cuyuja and Papallacta, alt. 2800-2900 m, 5 June 1973, Holm-Nielsen et al 6863

(AAU, AMES).

Bolivar: west of Guaranda toward Balzapamba, alt. 2000 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S.

Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9730A (MO); north of Guaranda toward Fecundo Vela, alt. 3000 m, 24

Mar. 1984, C. Luer et al 9676 (MO); at pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer

et al 9723 (MO).

Chimborazo: Riobamba, "monte Coturco prope Pifo" (Pifo is in Pichincha), alt. 3200 m, L Mille 13

(holotype of S. coturcoensis destroyed at B; lectotype here designated QPLS).

Napo: near Oyacachi, Jan. 1901, A. Sodiro 8 (holotype of S. superposita, lectotype here designated:

BR).

Loja: Loma de Loro, south of Saraguro, alt. 3200 m, 11 Feb. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson

21880 (GB, QCA).

Morona-Santiago: Ave Maria Pass between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 2800 m, 8 May 1981, C. Luer,

J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6124 (SEL).

Canar: at the pass between Azogues and Taday, alt. 3100 m, 30 Mar. 1985, G. Harling & L Anders¬

son 23427 (GB).

Azuay: Surucucho, July 1864, W. Jameson sn (W); east of Cuenca, above Sayaus, alt. 3200 m, 15

Mar. 1958, D.S. Correll E357 AMES, TEX); km. 67 south of Cuenca, alt. 3250 m, 4 May 1973, L

Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 4930 (AAU, SEL); above Sayausid, alt. 3000

m, 18 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 12595 (GB); near Lago Zorrogucho, alt. 3000 m, 2

Mar. 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1495 (SEL); south of Cumbe, new road to Giron, alt.

3000 m, 27 Feb. 1982, C. Luer & A. Pozo 7039 (SEL); new road west of Zorrogucho, alt. 3250 m, 16

Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9522 (MO); above Lago Zorrogucho, alt. 3200

m, 15 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11784 (MO).

PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on rocks, Mathews 3701 (holotype of S. chachapoyensis : K).

Piura: Huancabamba, above Canchaque, road to Huancabamba, alt. 3000 m, 9 Oct. 1957, PC.

Hutchison 1586 (G, UC).

This large, frequent species is variable in its wide distribution from northern

Ecuador into northern Peru. It is characterized by a prolific habit; oblong-ellipti¬

cal leaves; and a longer, crowded inflorescence. The sepals are broadly obtuse,

about four millimeters long and wide; the petals are transverse with the apex

obtuse and thickened; and the remarkedly variable lip is subquadrate, variations of

type-A, with the apex obtusely triangular. No two populations have the same

details of the lip.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

173

397. Stelis oreada Luer & Endara, sp. nov.

Ety.: A name from the mythological mountain nymphs, the dryads.

Inter species sectionis Stelidis , habitu parvo ascendenti foliis ellipticis, racemo subdense multi-

floro, sepalis glabris ellipticis obtusis subaequalibus, petalis transversis uninervis, et labello subcircu-

lari ad apicem breviter triangulari obtuso ad basim truncato breviter pubescenti infra medium bicalloso

demisso.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent-ascending, rhizome stout, 0.5-1 cm long between ramicauls; roots

coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the

middle and 2-3 other sheaths below the middle and at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-5 cm long

including a petiole 0.5-1 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 0.5-0.7 cm wide dry, cuneate below

into the slender petiole. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, sublax, subflexuous, several- to many-flowered

racemes, 9-12 cm long including the peduncle 3 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals

purple, elliptical, obtuse, glabrous, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, connate near

the base to the lateral sepals, the laterals held more or less forward, 2.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 3-

veined; petals transversely cuneate, truncate, shallowly concave, thickened externally especially along

the vein, 0.75 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip subcircular, slightly concave, 1 mm long, 1 mm

wide, 0.4 mm deep, the apex with a broad, obtuse triangle, the base truncate, minutely pubescent,

shallowly concave centrally between a pair of low indistinct calli; column semiterete, 1 mm long, 1

mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Cordillera de Llanganates, near junction of Rio Golpe and Rio Sangarinas,

bajada de San Antonio, 16 Nov. 1939, without altitude E. Asplund 9752 (Holotype of S. oreada :

AMES; Isotype: S), C. Luer illustr. 21028.

Napo: toward Mt. Guanami, above Papallacta, no alt. recorded, 22 Sept. 1939, E. Asplund 8759 (S),

C. Luer illustr. 21029.

This species is distinguished by a subcircular, slightly concave modification of

a type-B lip, elliptical sepals, and single-veined petals. Another collection made

by Asplund (8759) later on 22 September; of the same year, in the province of

Napo, toward Mt. Guamani, above Papallacta and again without recording an

altitude, has similar flowers, but the plant is considerably smaller with the inflor¬

escence no longer than the leaf. The later collection is probably a dwarf variation

of the same species.

398. Stelis pan Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Pan, a Greek mythological god of the forests and satyrs.

Species haec Stelidis transversalis Ames affinis, sed sepalis papillosis et lateralibus non expansis

fere dimidio connatis differt.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 7-10 cm long, with a

loose tubular sheath below the middle and 2-3 loose sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, thickly coria¬

ceous, elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 9-13 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, cuneate below into the

subsessile base. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, densely many-flowered raceme with many flowers

open simultaneously, to 35 cm long including the peduncle ca. 9 cm long, subtended by a spathe 2.5

cm long, from the base of the leaf; floral bracts close, tubular, 2 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary

1.5 mm long; sepals purple below the middle, green toward the apex, papillose above the middle, the

dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals parallel, oblong, obtuse,

oblique, more or less approximate, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, 4-veined; petals red-purple, transversely

ovate, shallowly concave, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded and thickened; lip red-

purple, ovoid-triangular, shallowly concave, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the apex

broadly rounded with the margin thickened, the bar transversely thickened with a minute glenion, the

dorsum with a low, broad, rounded callus, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma

apical.

ECUADOR: Napo: west of Tena, alt. 600 m, Mar. 1982, flowered in cultivation 7 Dec. 1982, C.

Luer ; J. Luer & A. Hirtz 8504 (Holotype of S. pan: SEL).

174

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This large, robust species is apparently rare and restricted to the eastern slope

of the Andes of central Ecuador. It is obviously related to Stelis transversalis

Ames of Central America. The present species is characterized by a tall, erect

inflorescence that surpasses the large, elliptical leaf. The comparatively large

flowers are borne perpendicular to the rachis in two crowded, opposite facing

ranks. The sepals are purple and green, diffusely papillose above the middle, and

with the dorsal sepal expanded 180° opposite the close pair of lateral sepals. The

petals are transverse and fleshy. The type-A lip is ovoid-triangular, much shorter

than long, with a round callus on the dorsum.

399. Stelis physoglossa Luer & F.Werner, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek physoglossa , "a blown up tongue," referring to the deeply concave labellum.

Planta parva, racemo multifloro subflexuoso foliis anguste ellipticis duplolongiore, sepalis late

ovatis intus longipubescentibus, lateralibus prorsum tenentibus, petalis incrassatis et labello suborbicu-

lato profunde excavato distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-2.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 imbricating, tubular sheaths. Leaf dark olive green, erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellip¬

tical, acute, 3.5-4 cm long, including a petiole 0.5-0.7 cm long, the blade 0.7-0.9 cm wide, narrowly

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, subflexuous, many-flowered

raceme with several flowers open simultaneously, 8-10 cm long including the peduncle ca. 3 cm long,

without an obvious spathe, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique,

acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals glabrous externally, long-pubescent

within, broadly ovate, connate below the middle, the dorsal sepal acute to subacute, 2.5 mm long, 2

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals obtuse, concave, directed forward, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-

veined; petals transversely ovate, with the apex broadly obtuse with a thick margin, shallowly concave

at the base, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip spheroid, 1.25 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep,

deeply concave anteriorly with the margins thin, subtruncate at the apex, the dorsum shelf-like, deeply

cleft to near the base, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1.2 mm long,

1.2 mm wide, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt.

1750 m, 14 Jan. 2004, F. Werner 767 (Holotype of S. physoglossa : MO: Isotype: LOJA), C. Luer

illustr. 20926.

This species is similar to Stelis coelochila Luer & Hirtz, but it differs in a

smaller habit and a subflexuous raceme of smaller flowers. The sepals are simi¬

larly long-pubescent within with the lateral sepals shallowly concave and directed

forward. The type-B lip is spherical, widely gaping and deeply concave with thin

margins.

76. Stelis pilosissima Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 115,

2004, replaced name for S. pilosa Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin pilosissimus , "with very long hairs," referring to densely pubescent sepals.

Bas. Stelis pilosa Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 56, 2002, non S.

pilosa Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, 2002, [=Effusiella amparoana (Schltr.) Luer].

ECUADOR: Pastaza: forest north of Mera, alt. 1350 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz &

W. Flores 11202 (Holotype of S. pilosa : MO).

This species was described and illustrated in leones Pleurothallidinarum 24,

Part One, Fig. 76. It is characterized by the small, caespitose habit and a several-

flowered raceme surpassing the elliptical leaf. The floral bracts are inflated; the

sepals are ovate, obtuse, more or less equal, and covered within by a dense pubes¬

cence; and the petals are thin, three-veined and concave. The type-A lip is thickly

discoid with a minutely pubescent, short dorsum.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

175

400. Stelis platystachya Garay & Dunst., Venez. Orchid. Illustr. 6: 424, 1976.

Ety.: From the Greek platystachys, "broad spike," referring to the broad, flat peduncle.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-6.5 cm

long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 7-11 cm long including an indistinct petiole ca. 1.5 cm

long, 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, distichous,

slightly flexuous, successively flowering raceme, to 40 cm long, including a broadly flattened peduncle

7-15 cm long, with several flowers open simultaneously, with a slender spathe 7-8 mm long below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

flowers greenish to reddish; sepals expanded, slightly convex, densely short-pubescent within, broadly

ovate, obtuse, connate below the middle, 3-veined, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 2.7 mm wide, the

lateral sepals 1.75 mm long, 2 mm wide; petals thick, transversely oblong-ovate, concave below the

broadly rounded apex with a thick, rounded margin, 1 mm long, 1-25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thick,

subsemiorbicular, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep, concave anteriorly within the broadly

rounded, thickened margin, the bar thick, with a raised glenion, continuing on the dorsum into a

broad, low rounded callus, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout,

terete, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anther and bilobed stigma apical.

COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: between El Carmen and Convention, M.B. Foster 1774 (Holo-

type of S. platystachya: AMES; Isotype: COL).

VENEZUELA: Tachira: Alto de Alianzo, above Capacho, alt. ca. 1700 m, fide Dunsterville; north of

Las Delicias, alt. ca. 1900 m, C. Garcia E. s.n. fide Dunsterville in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: above Rio Yambala, east of Vilcabamba. alt. 2400 m, 19 May

1986, D. D'Alessandro 697 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20502.

This distinct species is rare, but widely distributed in the Andes from western

Venezuela to southern Ecuador. It is unique in the genus with an elongated,

broadly flattened peduncle, which becomes a slender, slightly flexuous rachis that

flowers over a long period of time, sometimes attaining 40 centimeters in length.

The sepals are broadly ovate and minutely pubescent, the petals are transverse

with broadly rounded margins, and the type-C lip is rounded and concave anterior¬

ly with a similar, rounded margin.

401. Stelis polybotrya Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 4(21), 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek polybotrys, "with many racemes," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis myriantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 90. 1920, not Lindl., 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek myrianthos, "many-flowered," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis recurvula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 68, 1921.

Ety.: From the diminutive of the Latin recurvus, "recurved," referring to the recurved sepals.

Syn.: Stelis gonzaleziana C.Schweinf., Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 5: 349, 1943.

Ety.: Named for the Gonzales family at the request of the collector C. Vargas.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, densely ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, slender, 6-13 cm long, enclosed by a close, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 other sheaths

about the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, 5-8 cm long including a

petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade 1-1.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 3-10,

rarely to 20, erect, congested, distichous, simultaneously many-flowered racemes, 2-8 cm long, flow¬

ering to near the base, from a spathe 5-10 mm long at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts oblique, acute, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals ex¬

panded, yellow, glabrous, ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1-1.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm

wide, faintly 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1-1.25 mm long, 1 mm wide, faintly 3-veined, (is sometimes

vestigial); petals yellow, thin, broadly cuneate to subcircular, with the apex concave, broadly rounded,

and thickened on the margin, 0.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, thick, oblong,

0.6-0.8 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, 0.3-0.5 mm deep, concave above the middle with the apex ob¬

tuse, the bar slightly channeled, minutely short-pubescent toward the base, the base broadly truncate,

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, terete, ca. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the anther and

stigma apical, the stigma oblong, transverse with stigmatic lobes inside wings of the column, the foot

obsolescent.

176

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Eastern Cordillera, alt. 13,000 ft., W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. polybo-

trya\ K); Andes of Quito, alt. 9,000 ft., 21 Jan. 1856, W. Jameson 21 (AMES); Andes of Quito, 21

Jan. 1856, W. Jameson 512 (AMES, G); eastern Cordilllera on trees, at 1,200 ft., W. Jameson s,n.

(K); subandine forest, L. Mille 6 (BR); Pasachoa, alt. 3400 m, Feb. 1984, A. Hirtz 1548 (MO).

Carchi: Nudo de Boliche, Voladero, alt. 3800 m, 12 June 1939, W.C. Penland & R.H. Summers 905

(AMES); between Tulcan and San Gabriel, alt. 3000-3100 m, 22 Nov. 1974, G. Harling & L. Anders-

son 12024 (AMES, GB), C. Luer illustr. 21025; west of pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt.

3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15065 (MO).

Sucumbfos: Tulcan to El Carmelo, alt. 3000-3200 m, 23 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, L. Luer & A. Hirtz 2755

(SEL); El Pun, near El Carmelo, alt. 3200 m, 26 Feb. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andessson 12228 (GB);

west of Carmelo, road to Alegeria, alt. 2900 m, 5 Feb. 1982, CM. Dodson & A.H. Gentry 12083

(MO, SEL).

Loja: above Jimbura, alt. 3350 m, 21 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9647

(MO); army road to TV tower east of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz

& W. Flores 10806 (MO); above Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10869 (MO).

Azuay: north of Sevilla de Oro, alt. 8,000 ft., 27 July 1945, W.H. Camp E-4455 (AMES, NY); Lago

Zorrogucho, alt 3000 m, 10 Jan. 1958. CM. Dodson 280 (MO, SEL); same area, alt. 3000 m, 2 Mar.

1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1531 (SEL); Parroquia Banos, Yanasacha, alt. 2925 m, 26 Dec.

1976, J.D. Boeke 609 (QCA, SEL).

Zamora-Chinchipe: south of pass south of Jimbura, alt. 3050 m, 21 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 12035 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Cauca: around La Ceja near Inza, alt. 1800-2200 m, F.C. Lehmann 6920 (holotype of

Stelis myriantha destroyed at B, neotype here designated: C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12035 (MO).

PERU: Cajamarca: mountains west of Huambos, alt. 3100-3200 m, May 1904, A. Weberbauer 4175

(holotype of S. recurvula destroyed at B, neotype here designated C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10765 (MO).

BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Rio Lupe Mendoza, alt. 2400-2600 m, 1 Feb. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Vdsquez 5813 (SEL).

Stelis polybotrya is widely distributed in the Andes from Colombia into Bolivia

at altitudes above 2500 meters above sea level. It is closely related to S. hylophila

Rchb.f. with longer, fewer racemes, and the still smaller Stelis braccata Rchb.f.

See discussion under S. hylophila. Typically, S. polybotrya produces a fascicle of

three to twenty, densely many-flowered racemes distinctly shorter than the leaf.

The flowers are minute with the sepals barely three-veined, and the petals single-

veined. The illustration of a flower by Elmer Smith with distinctly veined sepals

and three-veined petals labelled S. polybotrya (Garay, 1980) could not be S.

polybotrya.

The leaves of both species vary from elliptical to obovate, and from acute to

obtuse or rounded. Several to numerous densely many-flowered racemes are

produced simultaneously in fascicles. Racemes vary in length from less than half

the length of the leaf to about twice the length of the leaf. When longer than the

leaf, they appear to represent a Stelis hylophila ), while multiple short ones repre¬

sent Stelis polybotrya. However, the length of the fascicles varies in all propor¬

tions when numerous collections are considered.

The sepals are less than one and a half millimeter long and wide, and three-

veined, although the lateral veins of the dorsal sepal and the "outer" veins of the

lateral sepals are sometimes almost lacking. The petals are thin, rounded and

single-veined, and concave toward the more or less truncate apex. The lip is type-

B, obtuse and concave anteriorly, with the bar thick, more or less shallowly

channeled, and shortly pubescent dorsally toward the base. Variations in propor¬

tions vary.

The racemes and flowers of Stelis braccata Schltr. are similar, but vegetatively

the latter is much smaller with narrow leaves. The sepals and lip are similar,

except that the lip of S. braccata is shallower with the cavity occupying a larger

portion, leaving the bar with less area at the base.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

177

402. Stelis porpax Rchb.f., Bonplandia2: 23, 1854.

Ety.: From the Greek porpax , "the handle of a shield," another of Reichenbach's cryptic names,

that might refer to the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-4 cm long, en¬

closed by a long, tubular sheath and 2-3 other sheaths about the base. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous,

narrowly oblong, obtuse, 4.5-6 cm long including a petiole ca. 1 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, subsecund, simultaneously few-flowered

raceme, 2-3 cm long including the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, from a slender spathe 8 mm long at an

annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, obtuse, 1.25 mm long; pedicels 1 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals yellow-green, glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 3 mm

long, 2.2 mm wide, 3-veined, with the apex recurved, connate basally to the lateral sepals, the lateral

sepals oblique, broadly undulate and held more or less forward, free from each other, 3 mm long, 2

mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow-green, broadly ovate-flabellate, shallowly concave with the apical

margin thickened, rounded, 1 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow-green, ovate, concave,

acute, curved forward, 1.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, the disc without callus or bar, the

base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column 0.75 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the

anther apical, the stigmatic lobes apical, inside margins of the column, the foot obsolescent.

VENEZUELA: Dist. Fed.: Caracas, alt. 1600 m, Wagener s.n. (Holotype of S. porpox: W); tall cloud

forest at 4,500 ft., above El Limon, Oct. 1960, G.C.K. Dunsterville 561.

ECUADOR: without collection data, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 7 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19835

(MO).

Previously known only from Venezuela, this small species is now known from

Ecuador, but without collection data. It is characterized by a few-flowered

raceme that is shorter than the narrowly oblong leaf. The sepals are ovate with

the laterals held forward. The broadly undulate lateral sepals are free from each

other and when expanded, curve upward. The petals are flabellate and single-

veined. The proportionately large, unclassified lip is ovate, acute, and concave,

more or less spoon-shaped, without callus or bar.

403. Stelis potpourri Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the French via the English potpourri, "a mixture," referring to various morphologi¬

cal features.

Species haec Stelidis saccatae Luer & Hirtz similis, sed habitu floribusque minoribus, sepalis

lateralibus fere liberis et labello breviter acuminato acuto differt.

Plant large, densely ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fascicled, erect, stout, 10 cm

long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheaths above the middle, and another loose, tubular sheath enclos¬

ing the lower half. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 7.5 cm long including a petiole 1 cm

long, the blade 1.5 cm wide in the dry state, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

congested, secund, simultaneously many-flowered raceme, to 23 cm long including the peduncle ca. 2

cm long, subtended by a spathe 1 cm long, at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals yellow to yellow-

brown, glabrous externally, cellular-pubescent within, convex with margins above the middle re¬

curved, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals

for 1 mm to form a short tube, the lateral sepals connate 1 mm, ovate, oblique, acute, held forward

simulating a synsepal, each 5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, faintly 3-veined; petals membranous, trans¬

versely obovate, broadly obtuse, shallowly concave, 0.6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the apical margin

slightly thickened; lip subquadrate or ovoid, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the apex

shortly acuminate, acute, concave anteriorly, extending deeply beneath the widely incised shelf-like

bar, the dorsum smooth, slightly concave, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column

stout, 1 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the transversely bilobed stigma

apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: along trail to Campamento San Miguel, between Sigsig and Guala-

quiza, alt. missing (ca. 3000 m), 9 Apr. 1968, G. Harling , G. Storm & B. Strom 8128 (Holotype of S.

potpourri : GB), C. Luer illustr. 21301.

The sepals of this species appear similar to those of Stelis saccata Luer &

Hirtz, in spite of their being half the size, and the lateral sepals being nearly free,

while those of S. saccata are connate into a bifid synsepal. The sepals of both

178

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

species are convex with recurved margins beyond their connation into a short

tube. By the artificial definitions of the sections of the genus, S. potpurri becomes

separated into those species with antrorse lateral sepals in section Stelis.

The petals of Stelis potpourri are membranous, only minimally thickened on

the margin. The lip is ovoid with a short, sharp apiculum. The bar is a distinct,

transverse shelf that is broadly cleft into a deep excavation beneath. The dorsum

is smooth and slightly concave.

404. Stelis pudens Luer, Phytologia 49(3): 236, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin pudens , "bashful," alluding to the sensitive flowers.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, shortly repent or ascending-caespitose; roots slender.

Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly elliptical, acute to subacute, 3-7 cm long including a petiole 1-2 cm long, 0.6-1 cm wide,

gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, congested, subsecund, many-

flowered raceme with many flowers partially open simultaneously, 5-15 cm long including the pedun¬

cle 1-8 cm long, sparsely bracted, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts ob¬

lique, acute, 4 mm long below to 2.5 mm long above; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals

glabrous and yellow-orange externally, light green and pubescent within, irritable, not widely spread,

broadly ovate, obtuse, connate to near the middle to form a deep cup filled with the central apparatus,

the dorsal sepal 1.75 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1.25-1.6 mm long, 1.75

mm wide, 3-veined; petals light yellow, transversely obovate-flabellate, shallowly concave basally,

thickened across the middle, 0.6-1 mm long, 0.9-1.25 mm wide, the apex broadly obtuse with the

margin thickened; lip light yellow, orbicular-subquadrate, truncate, 0.8-1 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide,

0.6 mm deep, concave between widely spread margins of the bar, creating an ill-defined, U-shaped

callus, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1.2 mm long, 1 mm

wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Loja: cloud forest south of Yangana, alt. 2250 m, 11 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D.

D Alessandro 6179 (Holotype of S. pudens : SEL); west of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt.

2300 m, 16 Apr. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 13655 (GB); Cerro Toledo, south of Yangana, alt.

2500 m, 7 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23823 (GB).

Napo: north of Tena, new road to Coca, alt. 1100 m, 22 Feb. 1982, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 6935 (SEL).

Morona-Santiago: between Limon and Gualaceo, alt. 1900-2000 m, 22 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L

Andersson 12745, 12748, 12816 (AMES, GB); above Campamento Guarumales, alt. 1830 m, 23 Mar.

1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Andreetta & L. Morocho 15225 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C. Luer,

A. Hirtz et al. 13580, 13585 (MO); Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt.

1900 m, 21 Dec. 2003, F. Werner 694 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20984; north of Valladolid, below Cruz

Chica, alt. 2100 m, 19 May 1986, D. DAlessandro 676 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in southeastern Ecuador. It is distinguished

by a small, ascending habit with a dense raceme of tiny flowers that surpasses the

leaves. The flowers are irritable, the sepals barely closing over a proportionately

large central apparatus. The petals and lip nearly as large as the sepals. A sub¬

quadrate, unclassified lip bears an ill-defined, U-shaped callus within the margins.

297. Stelis purpurascens A.Rich. & Galeotti, Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances

Acad. Sci. 18: 512,1844, invalidly published; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18,1845.

Ety.: From the Latin purpurascens , "becoming purple," referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis bourgeavii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 284, 1911.

Ety.: Named for M. Bourgeau who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis curvata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 358, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin curvatus, "curved," referring to leaves and raceme.

Syn.: Stelis carioi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 202, 1918.

Ety.: Named for Oscar Richard Cario of Nordhausen, Germany, co-collector of this species.

Syn.: Stelis fulva Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 388, 1918.

Ety.: From the Latin fulvus, "dull yellow-grey," referring to colors of the flowers.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

179

Syn.: Stelis maxonii Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 389, 1918.

Ety.: Named for William R. Maxon who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis purpusii Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 391, 1918.

Ety.: Named for C.A. Purpus who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis alfaroi Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orchid. 8: 14, 1925.

Ety.: Named for Anastasio Alfaro who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis chiapensis Solano, Orquidea (Mex.) 13(1-2): 23, 1993.

Ety.: Named for Chiapas, the state of Mexico where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis sotoana Solano, Orquidea (Mex.) 13(1-2): 97, 1993.

Ety.: Named in honor of Miguel Angel Soto, co-collector of this species.

Syn.: Stelis thermatica Luer & Dodson, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 53, 2007.

Ety.: From the Greek thermaticus , "capable of tolerating heat," referring to the locality.

MEXICO: Veracruz: without locality, alt. 3,000 ft., 1840, H.G. Galeotti 5110 (Holotype of S. pur-

purascens : P, photo at AMES; Isotypes: K, LE): without locality, H.G. Galeotti 5236 (BR); Mirador,

1839, J. Linden 211 (K); between Veracruz and Orizaba, collected by F. Mueller, distributed by

Meisner 1112 (K); Trinidad, in the valley of Cordova, 23 Jan. 1866, M. Bourgeau 1914 (holotype of

S. bourgeavii: P; isotypes: AMES, BR, G, K); Zacuapam, May, C.A. Purpus 2111 (holotype of S.

purpusii destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 24931, photo and illustr. of type); Fortin de

las Flores, alt. 3000 ft., Nov. 1956, W. Thomsen (K). Chiapas: Mt. Tacana, alt. 2000 m, Aug. 1938,

E. Matuda 2388 (AMES); Mt. Ovando, alt. 2200 m, 14 Nov. 1939, E. Matuda 3972 (AMES); Oco-

singo, near Laguna Ocotal Grande, alt. 950 m, 20 Aug. 1954, R.L. Dressier 1455 (AMES); north of

Ocozocoautle toward Apitpac, alt. 1000 m, 9 July 1977, T. Croat 40547 (MO); between San Cristobal

de las Casas and Ocosino, alt. 1320, 21 Apr. 1989, M.A. Soto & E. Martinez 5475 (holotype of S.

chiapensis: AMO). Oaxaca: Juquita, between Oaxaca and Puerto Escondido, alt. 1400 m, 22 Nov.

1992, R. Solano, M.A. Soto, & R. Jimenez 543 (holotype of S. sotoana: AMO; isotype: MEXU).

Orizaba: 1853, F. Muller 1112 (K); Orizaba, 1853, H. Schlumberger 1112 (BR). Veracruz: Zacua-

pan, C.A. Purpus 3612 (AMES); south of Cordoba, alt. 700 m, 18 Feb. 1935, O. Nagel 4602

(AMES); Volcan San Martin, 23 Mar. 1967, M. Pena Sousa 63 (AMES).

GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: epiphytic in Cubilguitz, alt. ca. 350 m, July 1907, H. von Tiirckheim

II, 1889 (holotype of S. curvata destroyed at B, lectotype here designated: US, AMES ill 20853); near

Cubilguitz, alt. 350 m, May 1913, H. von Tiirckheim 4064 (holotype of S. fulva destroyed at B, lecto¬

type here designated, AMES ill 23713); vicinity of Coban, Chama, alt. 900 ft., 15 June 1920, H.

Johnson 240 (AMES); east of Tactic, alt. 1450 m, 14 Apr. 1941, P.C. Standley 92342 (AMES).

Guatemala: near Guatemala, Nov. 1865, M. Bourgeau & O.R. Cario 500 (holotype of S. carioi

destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 23712, illustr. of type). Quiche: near Tocopilar, alt.

2000 m, 9 June 1882, F.C. Lehmann 1753 (BR). Quetzaltenango: above Mujulia, alt. 1800 m, 1

Feb. 1941, P.C. Standley 85563 (AMES). Santa Rosa: Laguna de Carrizal, alt. 5,000 ft., May 1893,

J. D. Smith 4627 (AMES, BR).

SALVDOR: Comasagua, 22 May 1926, S. Calderon 33 (AMES).

HONDURAS: slopes of Mt. Cangrejal, near Rio Danto, alt. 900 ft., 30 July 1938, T.G. Yunker, J.M.

Koepper & K.A. Wagner 8707 (AMES, K, MO). Comayagua: Sigustepeque, alt. 3700 ft., 10 Nov.

1932, J.B. Edwards 311 (K). Morazan: Rio Yeguare, alt. 1600 m, 16 June 1948, A. Molina 990

(AMES).

NICARAGUA: Jinotega: trail to Cerro de la Cruz, alt. 1050-1350 m, 27 June 1947, P.C. Standley

10197 (F, AMES). Matagalpa: between Aranjuez and Peor de Nada, alt. 1500 m, 1 Nov. 1968. A.

Molina 22978 (F). Nueva Segovia: Cerro Mogoton, 13 June 1975, J.T. Atwood & D. Neill AN18

(MICH, MO).

COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Alfaro Ruiz, Palmira, alt. 2200 m, 9 May 1938, A. Smith H-531 (K); La

Fuente, alt. 1200 m, 7 Oct. 1924, A. Alfaro s.n. (holotype: AMES; Isotype: K). Heredia: Volcan

Poas, alt. 6500 ft., 6 Feb. 1940, EW. Hunnewell 16598 (AMES). San Jose: between San Marcos and

Quepos, no alt., 4 Jan. 1992, J.R. Grant & J.R. Rundell 92-01718 (CR, SEL, US).

PANAMA: Chiriqui: above Boquete, upper Caldera River, alt. 1450-1650 m, Mar. 1911, W.R.

Maxon 5697 (holotype of S. maxonii destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES 26846, illustr.

of type); southern slope of Cuesta de las Palmas, Cerro Horqueta, alt. 1700-2100 m, 17 Mar. 1911, H.

Pittier 3242 (AMES); near Fortuna dam, alt. 1100 m, 16 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressier &

K. Dressier 10624 (MO). Veraguas: Veraguas, Sept. 1976, flowered in cultivation 24 Apr. 1977, C.

Luer & R. Dressier 1602, 1625 (SEL). Panama: Llano-Carti road, flowered in cultivation Mar.-June

1977, C. Luer 1383, 1633 (SEL); Altos de Pacora, flowered in cultivation 25 Aug. 1981, C. Luer

6446 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Sept. 1980, flowered in cultivation at SEL, 10 Apr. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer

et al. 6008 (SEL); seasonally dry forest near Esmeraldas, alt. 100 m, Sept. 1980, flowered in cultiva¬

tion at SEL, 23 Feb. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, C. & P. Dodson 6839 (holotype of S. thermatica: SEL).

180

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is frequent and variable in its wide distribution through Central

America, where local variations have been described with numerous epithets, and

lowland western Ecuador with still another epithet until it was recognized. Ames

(longhand notes) had already reached the conclusion that Stelis purpurascens was a

variable species. A collection of this species from coastal Ecuador, has been

described and illustrated as Stelis thermatica Luer & Hirtz in leones Pleurothalli-

dinarum 29, Part Three, Fig. 297.

Vegetatively, plants vary from small to large and robust with a well-developed

ramicaul. The inflorescences are elongate, but sometimes not surpassing the

leaves. Numerous small flowers are sensitive to touch and are produced simulta¬

neously in a congested, distichous raceme. The color varies through all shades of

purple to green. The sepals are broadly ovate, obtuse and five-veined. The petals

are cuneate and three-veined with thickened, flattened margins. The type-A lip is

concave anteriorly, and obtuse with the margin thickened. A glenion descends

from the bar that forms a flat dorsum beneath the column.

405., 405a., 405b., 405c. Stelis pusilla Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 361, 1816.

Ety.: From the Latin pusillus, "very small," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis polyclada Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 10(69), 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek polyclados, "many-branched," referring to the ramicauls on the rhizome.

Syn.: Stelis myriantha Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 10(71), 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek myrianthos, "many-flowered," referring to the inflorescence.

Syn.: Stelis microphylla Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 10(74), 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek microphyllon , "minute-leaved," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis apiculata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 11(76), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin apiculatus, "apiculate," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis graminea Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 11(77), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin gramineus , "grass-like," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis megahybos Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 122, 1915.

Ety.: From the Greek megahybos, "with a large projection," referring to the large labellar callus.

Syn.: Stelis callicentrum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 52, 1917.

Ety.: From the Latin callicentrum, "central callus," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis citrina Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 86, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin citrinus, "lemon yellow," referring to the color of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis tenuis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 94, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin tenuis, "thin," referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Stelis elegantula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 28, 1924.

Ety.: From the Latin elegantulus, "little-elegant," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis scandens Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 39, 1924, not Rolfe 1907.

Ety.: From the Latin scandens, "scandent," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis chabreana Mansf., Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 15, 1926.

Ety.: Named for Mome Chabre in the Massif du Nord of Haiti, where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis minuta C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 120, 1942.

Ety.: From the Latin minutus, "minute," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis dazae Garay, replaced name for S. scandens Schltr.

Ety.: Named for the community of Daza, northwest of Pasto, where the plant was collected.

Plant small to very small, epiphytic, caespitose to ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending-

fasciculate, erect, slender, 1-4 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath and 2-3 others below. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 2-4 cm long including the petiole ca. 0.5-1 cm long, 0.3-

0.8 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, sublax, distichous,

few- to many-flowered raceme with a few to many flowers open simultaneously, 2-10 cm long includ¬

ing the peduncle 0.5-4 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infun¬

dibular, 1-2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals expanded, connate basally,

STELIS OF ECUADOR

181

white, yellow, green, rose, light brown, rarely purple, glabrous to microscopically pubescent, ovate,

obtuse, dorsal sepal 1-1.75 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1-1.75 mm long, 1-

1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow or white, translucent, transversely cuneate, 0.5-0.6 mm long,

0.6-0.7 mm wide, 1-veined, shallowly concave below the broadly obtuse, subtruncate, thickened,

apical margin; lip yellow or white, thick, subquadrate, 0.75-0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 0.3 mm

deep, the apex obtuse with a small, obtuse apiculum, concave anteriorly, the dorsum with a low, indis¬

tinctly bilobed callus, minutely pubescent at the base, hinged to the base of the column; column stout,

ca. 0.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

Selected representative collections:

ECUADOR: Pichincha: Regno Quito, forested valley between the villages Ganse and Penipe, 1801,

A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype of S. pusilla : P); "Quito," 1849, W. Jameson s.n. (holo-

type of S. polyclada : K); forests of the Andes, W. Jameson s.n. (K); without locality, W. Jameson R-

76 (K, W); Andes of Ecuador, 1857-59, R. Spruce 5879 (W), photo at AMES; Valley of Lloa, W.

Jameson 664 (BR, G, K); Quito, 1848, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of S. myriantha : K); forests of the

Andes, W. Jameson 76 (K, W); "Peru," without collection data, W. Jameson R-75 (holotype of S.

graminea: K; isotype; W); Eastern Cordillera, alt. 13,000 ft., W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of S. mi-

crophylla: K); without locality, eastern slopes of the Andes, alt. 3200 m, A. Mille s.n. (holotype of S.

callicentrum destroyed at B, lectotype here designated, Mille lb , QPLS); "Quito," H. Karsten s.n.

(W); Volcan Pululagua, Jan. 1883, A. Sodiro 13 (holotype of S. megahybos destroyed at B; lectotype

here designated, Sodiro 3 , QPLS; lectotype: BR); Guayrapata, May 1859, R. Spruce 5955 (K, W);

between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt. 2900 m, 26 Apr. 1955, E. Asplund 16054 (AMES, S).

Carchi: Volcan Chiles, alt. 10,800-11,300 ft., 17 Aug. 1944, W.H. Camp E-324 (AMES, NY);

between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2400 m, 2-4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom & T. Hdijer 9886,

9947 (MO); at the pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz et al. 15070 (MO); road embankment between El Angel and Tulcan, alt. 3200 m, 5 Apr.

1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & X. Hirtz 11060 (MO).

Imbabura: near Lago Mojanda, alt. 3300 m, 17 Feb. 1998, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & J. del Hierro

18708 (MO); Mariano Acosta, alt. 3300 m, 1 May 2001, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 7735 (MO).

Cotopaxi: between Angamarca and El Corazon, alt. 3000 m, 17 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 3987 (SEL); road cut above Pilalo, alt. 3300 m, 26 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Embree

12041 (MO).

Napo: Papallacta, eastern slope of the Andes, 1857, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of S. apiculata Lindl.:

K); between Baeza and Papallacta, alt. 2600 m, 14 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

11275 (MO).

Tungurahua: slopes of Volcan Tungurahua, alt. 1230 hexap., May 1801, A. Humboldt & A. Bon¬

pland s.n. (P); Paramo de Minza, alt 3800 m, 12 Apr. 1979, C.W. Penland & R.H. Summers 402

(AMES, COCO); slopes of Volcan Tungurahua, alt. 3000 m, 27 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T.

Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9754 (MO); Cordillera de los Llanganates, Leito, alt. 2870-3100 m, 11 Apr. 1985,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11132, 11133, 11147 (MO).

Chimborazo: above Chunchi, alt. 3050 m, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6087 (SEL); patch of forest

above Pallatanga, alt. 2900 m, 19 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10654 (MO).

Bolivar: between Guaranda and Facundo Vela, alt. 2600 m, 24 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom et

al. 9671, 9682 (MO); between San Miguel and Chillanes, alt. 2300 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer. S.

Dalstrom et al. 9698, 9699 (MO); between Guaranda and Balzapamba, alt. 2000 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrom, T, Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9735 (MO); west of Salinas toward La Palma, alt,

3400 m, 10 Mar, 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 14946 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: east of the pass east of Sigsig, alt. 2950 m, 15 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, A.

Andreetta & W. Teague 13341 (K, MO).

Caiiar: near El Tambo, alt. 3000 m, 16 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz et al. 7542 (MO).

Azuay: between Cuenca and Loja, south of Cumbe, alt. 3200 m, 5 Feb. 1977, G. Harling, U. Elias-

son & L. Andersson 15082 (GB); new road west of Zorrogucho, alt. 3250 m, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer,

S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9720 (MO); southwest of Cuenca, toward Zorrogucho, alt. 3000 m,

17 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9540 (MO).

El Oro: forest above Zaruma, alt. 1800 m, 23 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A.

Embree 12026 (K, MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer. A.

Hirtz & W. Flores 10712 (MO); along Rio Zamora, west of Zamora, alt. 1500 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 11977 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Quirama, Rio Negro, alt. 2200 m, 13 July 1973, R.E. Schultes s.n. (COL,

MO).

Cauca: Paramo de Guanacas, alt. 3000-3300 m, 21 Feb. 1884, F.C. Lehmann 3692 (lectotype here

designated for S. citrina: K; isolectotype: BR); lithophytic, Paramo de Guanacas, alt. 2800-3200 m, 9

Jan. 1886, F.C. Lehmann 6039 (lectotype of S. tenuis here designated: K, isolectotype: LE).

182

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Narino: Barbacoas to Pasto, alt. 8,000 ft., 5 Oct. 1878, EC. Lehmann s.n. (W); Montana Aranda,

above Pasto, alt. 9,500 ft., 10 Nov. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W); mountains around Pasto, alt. 2800-

3000 m, Jan. 1921, W. Hopp 9 (holotype of S. elegantula destroyed at B, neotype here designated, A.

Hirtz & X. Him 7542 (MO); Daza, northwest of Pasto, alt. 2800 m, Jan. 1922, W. Hopp 151 (holo¬

type of S. scandens destroyed at B, neotype here designated, C. Luer, A. Him, S. Dalstrom, T, Hdijer

& J. Kuijt 9735 (MO);

VENEZUELA: Tachira: below Alto de Tierra Negra, alt. ca. 2700 m, Jan. 1968, G.C.K. Dunster-

ville 1042.

PERU: Junm: Chanchamayo valley, alt. 1800 m, Schunke s.n. (holotype of S. minuta : AMES); same

locality, alt. 1600 m, Schunke 1668 (AMES).

HAITI: Massif du Nord, Gros-Mome, Mome Chabre, alt. 1130 m, 5 Oct. 1925, E.L. Ekman H-5009

(holotype of S. chabreana : S; isotypes: AMES, K, US).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Sierra de Yaroa, alt. 850 m, 28-29 Jan. 1969, A.H. Liogier 13581 (NY),

C. Luer illustr. 20117; Puerto Plata: Loma del Puerto, alt. 750 m, 18 Sept. 1969, A.H. Liogier 15943

(NY); C. Luer illustr. 20118; same collection data, A.H. Liogier 15947 (NY).

This common concept is variable in size both vegetatively and florally, the

variations acquiring many names. It is distributed in the Neotropics, usually at

high altitudes, and often blanketing road embankments. Identical specimens found

on Hispaiola have been described (Stelis chabreana Mansf.).

The concept is usually characterized by an ascending rhizome that sometimes

is repent, or sometimes more or less caespitose, probably depending on the habi¬

tat. The ramicauls are shorter than the narrow leaves they bear. The subcongest¬

ed to loose, distichous raceme of tiny flowers is usually longer than the leaves.

The ovate, obtuse sepals vary from less than one millimeter long (Stelis graminea

Lindl.) to a trifle more than two millimeters long. They vary in color from white

to yellow or light green, or less commonly to rose or buff. The petals are thin and

single-veined with a narrowly thickened margin. The type-B lip is subquadrate

with a minute, obtuse apiculum on the apical margin, that is sometimes almost

absent, and a large callus fills the basal two-thirds of the lip.

406. Stelis ramosii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Jorge Ramos of Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, collector of this species.

Species haec Stelidis calolemmae Luer & Hirtz affinis, sed habitu floribusque majoribus, sepalo

dorsali quinquevenoso lateralibus quadrivenosis, et labelli callo centrali fisso differt.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse, fleshy. Ramicauls erect, stout,

3-10 cm long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the

base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, the blade 6-9 cm long including

a petiole 1-2 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, contracted below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence an

erect, lax, many-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, to 20 cm long including the

peduncle ca. 8 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe ca. 1.5 cm long, from an annulus below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, acuminate, 7-8 mm long below to 3-5

mm long toward the tip; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals widely spread, green, yellow

near the border, densely purple-ciliate, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 6 mm long, 6 mm wide, 5-

veined, connate to near the middle to the lateral sepals, the laterals ovate, obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 6 mm

wide, 4-veined; petals yellow-green, transversely oblong, 2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

apex round and thickened, shallowly concave below a low, indistinct transverse callus; lip yellow-

green, suborbicular, deeply and broadly concave, 1 mm long, 3 mm wide, 2 mm deep, the apex thin

and broadly rounded, the bar with a pair of tall lamellae flanking a central glenion, the dorsum flat,

finely short-pubescent, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column semiterete, 1 mm

long, 2 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: Sigchos, Rio Escaleras, alt. 2100 m, 20 July 2003, J. Ramos, J. Contreras, L.

Ramos, A. & R. Tigse 6352 (Holotype of S. ramosii: CUVC; Isotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20948.

This species is related to Stelis calolemma Luer & Hirtz, but differs from the

latter by a larger, robust habit, and larger flowers with a five-veined dorsal sepal.

The lips are similarly deeply concave with a thin, broadly rounded margin, but

instead of a conical callus of the bar as in S. calolemma , a pair of erect lamellae

flank a prominent glenion.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

183

407. Stelis repens Cogn., Symb. Antill. 6: 692, 1910.

Ety.: From the Latin repens , "creeping," referring to the repent habit.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent with the rhizome 0.5-2 cm long between ramicauls; roots

slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, shortly petiolate, 2-4.5 cm long including a petiole

ca. 0.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect,

secund, subdensely several-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, 3-4 cm long,

including the peduncle ca. 1.5 cm long, subtended by a spathe 3 mm long, from below the apex of the

ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, tubular, 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals

expanded, pale green, glabrous, free nearly to the base, minutely apiculate, the dorsal sepal ovate,

subacute. 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals antrorse, ovate, oblique, acute, 1.75

mm long, 0.75 mm wide; petals light green, obcuneate, shallowly concave, 0.4 mm long, 0.4 mm

wide, the apex broadly truncate and thickened on the margin; lip light green, thick, trilobed, 0.4 mm

long, 0.25 mm wide, 0.2 mm deep, the apical lobe narrowly triangular, narrowly obtuse, the lateral

lobe-like angles triangular and antrorse, narrowly rounded, the disc thickly callus, cellular-papular

above the base, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.4 mm long, 0.4

mm broad, the foot obsolescent, the anther apical with confluent stigmaic lobes.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: La Vega: near Constanza, alt. 1450 m, June 1910, H. von Tiierckheim

3329 (Holotype of S. repens : BR; Isotypes: AMES, K, US); near Farabacoa, alt. 1250 m, June 1912,

M. Fuertes 1673 (AMES); Monte Cristi: Moncion, Lagunas de Cenobi, alt. 1200 m, 4 June 1929,

E.L. Ekman 12738 (AMES, S, US). Puerto Plata: Loma del Puerto, alt. 750 m, 18 Sept. 1969, A.H.

Liogier 15945 (NY, US). Santiago: Pico de Igua, alt. 1490 m, 15 Aug. 1947, J. Jimenez 1252 (US).

Jarabacoa: Loma de la Sal, alt. 1100-1250 m, AH. Liogier 11423 (AMES, NY, US); "8" La Virgin,

D. Dod 1039, C. Luer 12273 (MO).

HAITI: Massif du Nord, Mome Colombeau, alt. 900 m, 20 June 1925, E. L Ekman H-4351 (AMES,

K, S, US).

ECUADOR: Pastaza: near Mera, alt. ca. 1000 m, Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 967

(SEL).

Imbabura: Cayambe, Lago San Marcos, alt. 11,200 ft., 28 Nov. 1961, P.C.D. Cazalet & T.D.

Pennington 5375 (AMES, K).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2230 m, 5

June 2004, F. Werner 995 (LOJA, MO, QCNE).

This little species is uncommon but widely distributed on the island of Hispa¬

niola, and in the Andes of Ecuador. In stark contrast to other species of section

Stelis , the three sepals of this long-repent species are free, and mostly antrose in

the natural position. The petals and lip of plants from both areas of distribution

are similar. The tiny lip, scarcely more than a half millimeter long, is three-

lobed, a rare adaptation of type-B, with the middle lobe an elongated triangular

projection from between antrorse lateral lobes near the middle.

408. Stelis rostrata Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin rostratus, "beaked," referring to the column.

Planta parva caespitosa, racemo gracili multifloro folio elliptico acuto longiore, floribus minutis,

sepalis obtusis intus pusticulatis lateralibus antrorsis, petalis uninervis, labello subpiano obtuso infra

medium unicalloso et column rostrata distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots capillary. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-2.5 cm long, en¬

closed by a loose, tubular sheath and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical,

acute, subpetiolate, the blade 5-6 cm long, 1-1.3 cm wide, contracted below into the subpetiolate base.

Inflorescence an erect, congested, many-flowered raceme of minute flowers, to 12 cm long including

the peduncle ca. 4 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe ca. 3 mm long, from an annulus below the

apex of the ramicaul within the sheath; floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, 1 mm long; pedicels

1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals whitish, suffused with brownish purple externally fide the

collector, fleshy, convex, densely pusticulate within, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.6 mm

long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally, the laterals antrorse, ovate, obtuse, 1.6 mm long, 1.2

mm wide, faintly 3-veined; petals membranous, transversely obovate, 0.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-

veined, the apex broadly rounded; lip obovate, obtuse, shallowly concave above the middle, with a

rounded callus below the middle, scarcely 0.1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep, the apex ob¬

tuse, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column semiterete, 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm

wide, the apex prominently beaked, the anther apical with the stigmatic lobes in apposition.

184

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Guayas: hills above Hacienda La Elvira, ca. 5 km west of Bucay, alt. ca. 500 m, 6 July

1979, B. L0jtnant & U. Molau 15605 (Holotype of S. rostrata : GB; Isotype: AAU), C. Luer illustr.

21296, 20948.

This species is native to the hot, lowland, banana country of western Ecuador.

It is characterized by a caespitose habit with acute, elliptical leaves and a longer

densely flowered raceme of numerous minute flowers. The tiny sepals are fleshy

and pusticulate within, with the lateral sepals held forward. The petals are single-

veined. The lip is shallowly obovate, modified type-B, with the depth (what first

appears to be the length) only 0.75 mm. The column is proportionately large with

am imposing beaklike apex. The stigmatic lobes are contiguous below the clinan-

drium.

409. Stelis satyrella Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: the diminutive of a satyr, a Greek mythological woodland diety.

Species haec Stelidis ramulosae Luer & Dalstrom similis, sed racemo stricto folio breviore, sepalis

ad apicem breviter acutis, petalis transverse ovatis late obtusis et labello ovoideo profunde concavo

differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, scandent; roots slender. Ramicauls erect to suberect, slender to

stout, prolific, to 11 cm long below to 2 cm long above, enclosed by a long, tubular sheath and 1-2

shorter sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, petiolate, the blade 2-4 cm long,

1 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole, the petiole slender, 0.8-1.5 cm long. Inflorescence an

erect, distichous, strict, congested, more or less simultaneously several-flowered raceme, 2.5 cm long,

borne by the peduncle 2.5 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, acuminate, 2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary swollen to 2.5 mm long in the

present specimen; sepals white, glabrous, broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly acute and thickened at the tip,

the dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm

wide, 3-veined; petals transversely ovate, shallowly concave, the apex broadly obtuse with a thin

margin, and with a transverse callus, 0.75 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined; lip ovoid, subquadrate,

deeply concave with the margind thin, round at the apex, 0.75 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep,

the bar deeply cleft, the dorsum shallowly concave with a small, transverse callus above the base, the

base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the foot

obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Imbabura: wet forest south of Lita, between Santa Rosa and Cachabi, alt. 1250 m, 19

Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer ; A. Hirtz, C.H. Dodson et al. 12438 (Holotype of S. satyrella : MO).

This prolific species from northwestern Ecuador is similar in habit to Stelis

ramulosa Luer & Dalstrom from the eastern slopes of the Andes of southern

Ecuador. The racemes S. satyrella are strict and do not surpass the leaf, but the

flowers are similar with closed sepals. The present specimen is with swollen

ovaries, but the floral parts appear fresh. The petals are proportionately wider

with a transverse callus. Instead of flat with a very short length from back to

front, the lip is thickly quadrate and deeply concave with thin margins, and the bar

is deeply cleft.

410. Stelis scansor Rchb.f., Bonplandia3: 241, 1855.

Ety.: From the Latin scansor, "a climber," referring to the scandent habit.

Syn.: Stelis prorepens Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 92, 1920.

Ety.: From the Latin prorepens , "repent," referring to the scandent habit.

Syn.: Stelis trianae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 94, 1920, as trianaei.

Ety.: Named for J.J. Triana who collected this species.

Syn.: Stelis vagans Ames, Sched. Orchid. 1: 8, 1922.

Ety.: From the Latin vagans, "wandering," in allusion to the scandent habit.

Plant small, epiphytic, scandent, long-repent, the rhizome stout, 1-3 cm between ramicauls; roots

slender. Ramicauls ascending, slender, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 3-4 cm long including the petiole 0.5-0.7 cm long, 0.7-1

cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-2 erect, congested, distichous,

STELIS OF ECUADOR

185

many-flowered, racemes with many flowers open simultaneously, 2-4 cm long including the peduncle

ca. 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5-2 mm

long; pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous externally, cellular-papular

within, elliptical ovate, subacute or obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1.6 mm long, 1.2 mm

wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 1.6 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, transversely

elliptical, 0.6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, shallowly concave, the apex broadly rounded with the margin

thickened, the base truncate; lip yellow, thick, subquadrate, 0.4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, 0.3 mm

deep, the apex broadly rounded, concave within anterior to a high, thick, central callus with a glenion,

the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the

foot obsolescent, the anther and the stigma apical, the stigma bilobed.

COLOMBIA: Narino: in woods near Pasto, Sept. 1845, W. Jameson 448 (Holotype of S. scansor : W;

Isotypes: AMES, BM, BR, G, K, LE); west slopes of the cordillera near Pasto, alt. 10,000 ft., June

13, 1878, EC. Lehmann s.n. (K); above La Laguna bei Pasto, 18 Oct. 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (W).

Cauca: above Coconuco, alt. 2800-3000 m, 6 Feb. 1884, EC. Lehmann 3520 (holotype of S. prore¬

pens: K; isotype: BM, BR); headwaters of Rio Lopez, Rio Palo basin, Tierra Adentro, alt. 2500-3000

m, Jan. 1906, H. Pittier 1061 (holotype of S. vagans: US).

Without collection data, J.J. Triana 566 (holotype of S. trianae: COL?, W?).

ECUADOR: Imbabura: between Rio San Geronimo and Naranjito east of Volcan Cayambe, alt.

9,000 ft., 4 May 1944, W.B. Drew E-191 (AMES).

Napo: between Papallacta and Cuyujua, alt. 2850 m, 26 Mar. 1979, B. L0jtnant & U. Uolau 11371

(AAU, GB); above Papallacta, alt. 2700 m, 15 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6241 (SEL).

Canar: between Taday and Azogues, alt. 3300 m, 4 Feb. 1977, G. Marling, U. Eliasson & L. Anders-

son 15006 (AMES, GB).

Azuay: between Sayausid and Cajas, alt. 3000 m, 15 June 1979, B. L0jtnant, A. & U. Molau 14835

(AAU, GB).

This species is relatively frequent and widely distributed in the Andes from

Colombia and Ecuador. It is characterized by a branching, repent habit which

produces great, tangled masses. The elliptical leaves more or less equal the

ramicauls in length. The crowded-flowered racemes are as long as or a little

longer than the leaf. The sepals are ovate; the petals are transversely flabellate;

and the very small type-B lip is subquadrate with the central callus thick with a

glenion.

242., 242a., 242b. Steiis schomburgkii Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 48: 108, 1910.

Ety.: Named for Richard Schomburgk who collected the species.

Syn.: Steiis cryptopetala Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 26, 2007.

Ety.: From the Greek cryptopetalus , "hidden petals," referring to the out-of-sight petals.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely ascending-caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 4-10 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath from below the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the base.

Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 6-13 cm long including an indistinct petiole 1-2

cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, narrowed below into the indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence an erect,

congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with most flowers open simultaneously, 7-23 cm long

including the peduncle 1-6 cm long, subtended by a slender spathe 6-15 mm long, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; flowers yellow, sepals similar, glabrous to variously pubescent, connate basally,

variously elliptical-ovate, subacute, sometimes apiculate, 1.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals partially held forward; petals transversely obovate, shallowly concave, without a

transverse callus, 0.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly rounded to truncate with

the margin thickened; lip thick, suboblong, 0.6-0.8 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, 0.3-0.6 mm deep,

concave anteriorly with the apex subtruncate, sharply short-apiculate, the bar with a cleft glenion, the

dorsum with low calli, densely short-pubescent at the base, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

stigma apical, the stigma transversely bilobed.

GUYANA: Roraima expedition, R. Schomburgk 1025 (Holotype of S. schomburgkii: K), C. Luer il-

lustr. 20933.

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Auyantepui, alt. 6,000 ft., Mar. 1964, G.C.K. Dunsterville 874

COLOMBIA: certainly present, but none seen.

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 10,400 ft., July 1991, F L Stevenson 93-

0509-3 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20466.

186

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Sucumbfos: between Tulcan and La Bonita, alt. 3000 m, A. Hirtz 9041 (MO).

Imbabura: forest between Carolina and Buenos Aires, alt. 1950 m, 17 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer &

A. Hirtz 12348, 12351 (MO).

Pichincha: Rio Saloya, north of Volcan Atacaso, alt. 1830-2430 m, 22 Apr. 1943, J.A. Steyermark

52595 (AMES); between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt. 2050 m, 11 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Jesup & P. Jesup 13848 (MO).

Napo: between Baeza and Papallacta, alt. 2800 m, 5 June 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B.

L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 6900 (AAU, AMES); Parque Nacional Sumaco, Galeras, alt. 1600 m, 6 Apr.

1996, D. Neill & H. Vargas 10561 (QCNE).

Morona-Santiago: between Limon and Gualaceo, alt. 1900 m, 22 Mar. 1974, G. Marling & L. An-

dersson 12747 (GB); beyond Sigsig, alt. 3000 m, 28 July 2004, A. Hirtz et al. 20893 (holotype of S.

cryptopetala : MO).

Canar: terrestrial in dry scrub, between Azogues and Pindilig, alt. 3000 m, 8 June 1979, B. L0jtnant,

A. & U. Molau 14239 (AAU; GB), C. Luer illustr. 20491.

Azuay: southeast of Sigsig, alt. 2800 m, 13 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Ortega, A. & P.

Jesup 13862 (MO).

Loja: west of the pass to Zamora, alt. 2400-2700 m, 17 June 1979, B. Lpjtnant, A. & U. Molau 15039

(AAU); road to TV tower east of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz &

W. Flores 10807, 10810, 10818 (MO); Cerro Toledo, south of Yangana, alt. 2500 m, 7 Apr. 1985. G.

Harling & L. Andersson 23838 (AMES, GB, QCA).

Zamora-Chinchipe: new road between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 28 May 1988, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz et al. 13581, 13603 (MO).

Although described from Guyana, this variable species is widely distributed in

the Andes. The leaves of some collections from Ecuador are often wider, the

flowers are often larger, and the racemes are often longer. The leaves of Stelis

schomburgkii are narrowly elliptical and about as long as the ramicaul; the slender

raceme varies from about as long as, to somewhat longer than the leaves, the

sepals are variously ovate, sometimes sparsely pubescent as in Fig. 242a. The

lateral sepals ovare more or less held forward; and the petals are thin, three-

veined, and usually shorter than the lip. The lip is type-B, rectangular, more or

less longer than wide, and the more or less transverse apex is shortly apiculate.

Two marked variations of the lip are illustrated in Fig. 242a. and Fig. 242b. The

variation described as S. cryptopetala in Fig. 242. in Part One is most similar to

the type.

Stelis schomburgkii has been identified as Stelis aprica Lindl., which was

described from Brazil, and uncommonly found in the Andes. The two species are

similar both vegetatively and florally, but S. aprica is distinguished by single-

veined petals and a much larger, triangular middle lobule of the lip instead of a

short apiculum.

411. Stelis serra Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 12: 397, 1843.

Ety.: From the Latin serra, "a saw," referring to the raceme with prominent floral bracts.

Plant small, normally epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls fasciculate, erect,

slender, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

subacute to obtuse, 2.5-4 cm long including an indistinct petiole less than 1 cm long, 0.7-1 cm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, many-flowered raceme,

with several flowers open simultaneously, 5-10 cm long including the peduncle 2.5-3.5 cm long, from

an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts conspicuous, oblique, acute, 7 mm long below

to 5 mm long above, imbricating above, enclosing the pedicels; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm

long, protruding from the side of the floral bract; sepals cream-colored, similar, minutely ciliate-

pubescent, connate basally into a cup, ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow, transversely ovate,

broadly rounded at the apex with a slightly thickened margin, shallowly concave, 1.6 mm long, 1.6

mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, oblong, 1 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, 2 mm deep, concave above the

middle with the apex broadly rounded, the bar below the middle, convex on either side of a large,

concave glenion, the base (the dorsum in this case) broadly truncate, minutely pubescent, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm long and wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

187

PERU: San Martin: Chachapoyas, 1836, Mathews s.n. (Holotype of S. serra : K).

Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Pillahuata, alt. 2700-3200 m, 3 May 1925, F.W. Pennell 13919 (AMES,

F, NY).

ECUADOR: Carchi: terrestrial on road cut west of the pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 3400

m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15064 (MO).

Napo: Cerro Sumaco, alt. 3100-3300 m, 27 Apr. 1979, B. L0jtnant & U. Molau 12910 (AAU, GB).

Tungurahua: Leito, alt. 3000 m, 12 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz 2004 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2700 m, 14 July 1983, J. Bohlin

& M. Bohlin 940 (AMES, GB).

This species is known from several widely separated areas in Ecuador and

Peru. It is characterized by a small habit, fasciculated ramicauls, and a narrowly

elliptical leaf that is surpassed by a raceme with conspicuous, alternating, floral

bracts. The pedicels are far shorter than the floral bracts, but the flower is borne

from one side. The sepals are broadly ovate and minutely ciliate-pubescent, and

the petals are broadly rounded. The type-B lip is concave above the middle with a

broadly rounded apex, and a thick, pubescent base.

412., 412a. Stelis spathulata Poepp. &Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 46, 1836.

Ety.: From the Latin spathulatus , "spathulate," referring to the leaves.

Syn.: Stelis tricuspis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 3: 276, 1907.

Ety.: From the Latin tricuspis , "sharply three-toothed," referring to the labellum.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose-fasciculate; roots slender. Ramicauls

fasciculate, erect, slender, 1-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 2-7 cm long including an indis¬

tinct petiole 1-2 cm long, 0.4-0.9 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiolate base. Inflores¬

cence an erect, dense, distichous, many-flowered raceme, with many flowers open simultaneously, 5-8

cm long including the peduncle less than 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul;

floral bracts infundibular, oblique, acute, 3-3.5 mm long, imbricating, enclosing the pedicels, ovaries

and much of the flower; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals similar, greenish white to

pale yellow-green, glabrous, more or less cellular-glandular near the apices, connate basally, ovate,

acute, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals parallel, oblique; petals greenish white,

cuneate-obovate, shallowly concave, 0.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex truncate, thick¬

ened and cellular-glandular externally; lip greenish white, ovoid-trilobed, 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,

0.3 mm deep, the lateral margins obtusely angled, the apex abruptly narrowly triangular, the disc with

a pair of slightly convex, cellular-glandular, callous plates with rounded, apical margins, concave

between on the anterior surface, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column

stout, 0.5 mm long, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

PERU: Huanuco: Cuchero, near Pampayaco, E. Poeppig s.n. (Holotype of S. spathulata : W); near

Cassapi, Mathews 1912 (BR, K, LE, W).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Maldonado and Chical, alt. 1500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer. J. Luer ; A.

& P. Jesup 16023 (MO); above Maldonado toward Rio La Plata, alt. 2200 m, 11 Jan. 1993, A. Hirtz

5868 (MO).

Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserva, alt. 1700 m, 21 Jan. 1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & H. Wanntorp

1712 (MO).

Pichincha: road to silver mine above Toachi, alt. 1500 m, 14 Mar. 1982, C. Luer ; A. Hirtz & S.

Dalstrom 7370 (SEL).

Cotopaxi: Macuchi, between Quevedo and Latacunga, alt. 1600 m, 1 May 1968, G. Harling, G.

Storm & B. Strom 8829 (GB); Rio Pilalo between Quevedo and Latacunga, alt. 1200 m, 7 Apr. 1973,

L. Holm-Nielsen, S. Jeppesen, B. L0jtnant & B. 0lgaard 3117 (AAU, SEL).

Pastaza: Shell-Mera, alt. 1000 m, 10 Mar. 1956, E. Asplund 19713 (AMES, S); north of Puyo, alt.

1000 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11211 (MO).

Guayas: Hda. La Elvira, west of Bucay, alt. ca. 500 m, 6 July 1979, B. Lpjtnant & U. Molau 15598

(AAU).

Morona-Santiago: near Chigiiinda, cultivated by Ecuagenera, 17 Apr. 2001, A. Hirtz 7697 (MO).

El Oro: forest above Zaruma, alt. 1500 m, 6 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta & S. Dalstrom 7203

(SEL); forest south of Pinas, alt. 950 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10666

(MO).

188

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

VENEZUELA: Dist. Fed.: "Caracas," 1842, J. Linden 632 (G). Merida: lithophytic along Rio

Chama, Aug. 1842, J. Linden 638 (G, K, W). Lara: Las Goteras above Rio Claro, alt. 1540 m, Aug.

1970, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1146.

COSTA RICA: : near La Uruca, July 1888, H. Pittier 949 (holotype of S. tricuspis destroyed at B;

lectotype: US; isolectotypes: AMES, CR, US). Alajuela: San Pedro de San Ramon, alt. 1075 m, Nov.

1921, AM. Brenes 171 (AMES); Alfaro Ruiz, Zarcero, alt. 1575 m, 4 Nov. 1938, A. Smith H-1320

(AMES); southeast of Cariblanco on road to Virgen de Socorro, alt. 820 m, 1 Nov. 1990, S. Ingram

& K. Ferrell 684 (AMES, CR, F, K, MO, SEL), C. Luer illustr. 17361.

Cartago: El Muneco, Rio Navarro, alt. 1400-1500 m, 6-7 Mar. 1926, PC. Standley 51164, 51297,

51555, 51665, 51708, 51717, 51724 (AMES); Cordillera de Talamanca, Panamerican highway, alt.

2650 m, 26 Aug. 1961, C. Weber 6094 (AMES); Tapanti, Quebrada Casa Blanca, alt. 1350 m, 25

Nov. 1984, M. Grayum 4580 (CR, MO).

Heredia: San Geronimo, 20 Sept. 1920, C. Werckle 40 (AMES); Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isi¬

dro, alt. 2000 m, 22 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley 49167 (AMES).

Limon: Canton Pococf, west of Quebrada Gonzalez, alt. 630-780 m, 11 Nov. 1990, S. Ingram & K.

Ferrell 702 (CR, MO, SEL).

San Jose: La Palma, alt. 1600 m, 17 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standly 33213 (AMES); La Hondura, alt. 1300-

1700 m, 2-4 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley 36152, 36206, 36282, 36317, 36328, 36367, 36377, 36400,

36431, 36447, 36455, 36467, 37874, 37906, 39835, 37959, 37568, 37920, 37944, 37974 (AMES);

between Las Nubes and San Isidro de Coronado, alt. 1420-1800 m, 22 Mar. 1924, P.C. Standley

38884 (AMES); Rio Clara Valley, below La Palma NE of San Jeronimo, alt. 1000-1200 m, 23 Oct.

1975, W. Burger, R. Baker & J. Utley 9370 (CR, F).

This species is relatively common in its wide distribution from Costa Rica

through much of the Andes. Varying in size vegetatively it is characterized by

the densely fasciculated, more or less ascending ramicauls with narrowly obovate

to elliptical leaves and a slender raceme often slightly longer. The tiny flowers

are subtended by proportionately long, imbricating floral bracts that contain the

pedicel, ovary and lower half of the flowers. The sepals are acute with the later¬

als more or less parallel. The petals are single-veined and truncate at the thick¬

ened apex. The type-B lip is tridentate with a pointed middle lobe. The apex of

the modified type-B lip of Stelis hymenantha Schltr. is merely an acute triangle.

Stelis hymenantha Schltr. differs from S. spathulata in shorter floral bracts that do

not engulf the sepals. Fig. 412a. is an extreme in size.

413. Stelis striolata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 4(26), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin striolatus , "striolate," referring to fine, linear stripes seen on the dry

flowers.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 8-17 cm

long, with a short, tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the thickened base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, petiolate, 8-11 cm long including the petiole 1-1.5 cm

long, the blade 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 1-4 erect, strict, dis¬

tichous, densely many-flowered racemes with most flowers open simultaneously, 8-11 cm long, flow¬

ering to the base, with a spathe 1-1.5 cm long, at an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts oblique, obtuse, 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; flowers strongly scent¬

ed; sepals yellow, glabrous, ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal convex, 2.5 mm long, 2

mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, transversely

oblong, shallowly concave, 0.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, with the obtuse margin thickened and

flattened on the edge; lip purple, triangular-subquadrate, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep,

the anterior surface concave with the apex broadly obtuse, the bar with a prominent glenion, the

dorsum with a transverse callus above the base, microscopically pubescent, the base truncate, hinged

to the base of the column; column stout, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther

and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: "western Andes on trees," 1857, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. striolata:

K); Palmitopamba, northwest of Nanegal, alt. 1300 m, 23 Jan. 1974, G. Marling & L. Andersson

11558 (GB); near Pasachoa, south of Quito, alt. 2900 m, 2 Feb. 1978, C. Luer J. Luer & A. Hirtz

2411 (SEL); between San Juan and Chiriboga, alt. 2200 m, 28 May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13704

(MO); above Tandapi, alt. 1500 m, 28 May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13727 (MO).

Cotopaxi: Tenefuerte, alt. 850-1000 m, 24 July 1964, C. Dodson, A. Gentry, et al. 4390 (MO).

El Oro: west of Pinas toward Santa Rosa, alt. 850 m, 8 Oct. 1979, C.H. Dodson & A. Gentry 9077

(QCA, SEL).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

189

Azuay: between El Progresso and Saraguro, alt. ca. 3000 m, 4 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S.

Wilhelm 366 (SEL); southeast of Jima, toward San Miguel de Cuyes, alt. 3000 m, 27 Apr. 1985, G.

Harling & L. Andersson 24705 (GB).

Loja: between Loja and Catacocha, south of Chinches, alt. 2200 m, 9 Feb. 1977, G. Harling, U.

Eliasson & L. Andersson 15250 (GB); terrestrial near Saraguro, alt. ca. 2000 m, 5 Mar. 1977, C.

Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1531 (MO); trail to Manu, west of Saraguro, alt. 2100-2600 m, 21 Feb.

1988, U. Molau & B. Eriksen 3128 (GB); west of pass west of Catamayo, alt. 2100 m, 26 Jan. 1992,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16171 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2500 m, 11 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & M.

Portillo 2538 (SEL).

This species of westcentral Ecuador is distinguished by the large, densely

caespitose habit with ramicauls longer than the narrowly ovate, petiolate leaves.

A few very congested racemes of small flowers more or less equal the leaf in

length. The sepals are glabrous with the laterals more or less held forward. The

petals are three-veined and the lip is type-A. In the dry state, the shriveled flow¬

ers are dark brown with the linear veins slightly elevated and yellow, hence

"striolate," which Lindley chose for the specific name.

414. Stelis superbiensLindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 8(57), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin superbiens, "superb," referring to the fine qualities of the species.

Syn.: Stelis leucopogon Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid.-K. C. Amer. 95, 1866.

Ety.: From the Greek leucopogon, "a white beard," referring to the white pubescence.

Syn.: Stelis koehleri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 386, 1912.

Ety.: Named for a Herr Kohler who collected the species.

Syn.: Stelis cascajalensis Ames, Sched. Orchid. 4: 11, 1923.

Ety.: Named for the community of Cascajal, near where the species was collected.

Syn.: Stelis eximia Ames, Sched. Orchid. 6: 54, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin eximius, "uncommon," referring to its occurrence.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 7-17

cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 others at the base. Leaf erect, thickly

coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 10-16 cm long including the petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade 3-

4 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, distichous, subsecund,

many-flowered raceme with several to many flowers open simultaneously, 15-30 cm long including the

peduncle 5-10 cm long, with a few bracts, subtended by a spathe 1-2 cm long, from an annulus below

the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, acute, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 5-6

mm long; sepals expanded, pale yellow, suffused with purple, or purple, glabrous externally, glabrous

or cellular-pubescent within, connate to near the middle, transversely ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 5-

10 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, 5- to 7-veined, the lateral sepals 5-10 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, 5- to 7-

veined; petals yellow or purple, transversely cuneate-obovate, shallowly concave within a broad,

thickened margin, 1-1.5 mm long, 1.6-2.6 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded; lip yellow or purple,

thick, transversely subquadrate, 0.6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1 mm deep, shallowly concave inside the

apical margin, the margin thin, with a minute, acute apiculum, the disc transversely callous, the bar

curved with a long, narrow glenion, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column;

column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and bilobed stigma apical.

Selected representative collections from many:

COLOMBIA: "New Grenada," La Garda, loose stones, Purdie (Holotype of S . superbiens : K; Iso¬

type: AMES).

Cauca: Cajamania, alt. 1600 m, 11 Nov. 1883, EC. Lehmann 3346 (AMES).

ECUADOR: Carchi: between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt. 2050-2500 m, 2-4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom & T. Hoijer 9894, 9920 (MO).

Sucumbios: above La Bonita, alt. 2300 m, 15 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrom, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-

Ingram 2162 (MO).

Pichincha: Palmitopamba, north of Nanegal, alt. 1300 m, 23 Jan. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson

11527 (AMES, GB).

Manabf: Montecriste, alt. ca. 600 m, flowered in cultivation, C. Luer 1473 (SEL).

Napo: Quito-Baeza road, between Cuyaja and Baeza, alt. 2350 m, 28 Mar. 1979, B. L0jtnant & U.

Molau, 11441 (AAU); Cosanga, between Baeza and Tena, alt. 1800 m, 4 Feb. 1980, G. Harling & L.

Andersson 16173, 16457 (AMES, GB); between Cotundo and Coca, alt. 1100 m, 18 Nov. 1984, A.

Hirtz 2108 (MO).

Tungurahua: below Banos, alt. 1630 m, 21 Jan. 1971, B. MacBryde 131 (AMES).

Pastaza: Mera, Isidro Ayora, alt. 1000 m, 18 Jan. 1982, G. Harling, J. Bohlin, M. Lindstrom & S.

190

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Roth 19710 (GB); Rio Anzu north of Mera, alt. 1200 m, 2 Mar. 1985, D. Neill et al. 5918 (MO);

Cordillera del Condor, east of Guisme, alt. 1650 m, 20 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & R Jesup

14011 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1500 m, 6 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 12712 (MO); Cordillera del Cutucu, east of Mendez, alt. 800 m, 5 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer

& A. Hirtz 12644 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Chuchumbletza, alt. 1750 m, 21 May 1988, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13572 (MO).

Loja: between Zaruma and La Toma, alt. 1900 m, 2 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12571

(K, MO); San Francisco, trail to quebradas del Diablo, alt. 2800 m, 10 July 1983, J. Jaramillo 15265

(QCA).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Namirez, north of Cumbaraza, alt. 900 m, 24 Apr. 1974, G. Harling & L

Andersson 13957 (AMES, GB); Rio Valladolid, above Valladolid, alt. 1800 m, Aug. 1985, D. D'A-

lessandro 499 (MO); Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt. 1850 m, 15

Sept. 2003, F. Werner 460 (LOJA, MO), C. Luer illustr. 21253.

PERU: Jumn: Chanchamayo, Rio Blanco, Hda. Santa Theresa, alt. 1400 m, Kohler s.n. (holotype of

S. koehleri, lost at B, neotype here designated J.F. MacBryde 4195 (AMES).

Mima: alt. ca. 7,000 ft., 23 May 1923, J.F MacBryde 4195 (AMES).

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, between Rio San Felix and mining camp west of

Chame, alt. 1500 m, 8 July 1988, T. Croat 69199 (MO).

Chiriquf: Caramilla, alt. 4,000-4,500 ft., C.W. Powell 312 (holotype of S. eximia : K, Isotype:

AMES); vicinity of Bajo Chorro, alt. 1900 m, 20 July 1940, R.E. Woodson & R.W. Shery 624

(AMES); San Vicente, Sept. 1976, C. Luer & H Butcher 1219 (SEL).

Code: north rim of El Valle de Anton, 4 June 1939, P.H. Allen 1840 (AMES); P.H. Allen 2173

(AMES); Rio Code del Norte, alt. ca. 1500 ft., 4 Dec. 1959, H.A. Dunn 24 (K); El Valle, Mar.

1976, flowered in cultivation 29 Apr. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 976 (SEL): near old saw

mill above Cope, alt. 900 m, 19 Feb. 1985, C. Luer J. Luer, R. Dressier & K. Dressier 10628 (MO).

COSTA RICA: Heredia: Desengano, 10 May 1857, H. Wendland 895 (holotype of S. leucopogon : W;

isotype: K); without locality, A. Endres 40, 112, 125, 164 (W); vicinity of Vara Blanca, alt. 1680 m,

May 1938, A.F. Skutch 3776 (K, MO).

Cartago: Cascajal, alt. 5,500 ft., July 1919, C.H. Lankester 93 (holotype of S. cascajalensis : K);

Cascajal, alt. 2300 ft, 15 May 1924, C.H. Lankester 851 (AMES, K); vicinity of Vara Blanca, alt.

1680 m, May 1938, A.F. Skutch 3776 (AMES, K).

Alajuela: San Carlos, Zapote, alt. 1575 m, 4 July 1938, A. Smith H-836 (AMES); Los Angeles de San

Ramon, alt. 1050 m, July 1921, A.M. Brenes 53 (AMES); Carpintera, alt. 7000 ft., 25 May 1928,

H.E. Stork 2303 (AMES); between San Ramon and Los Angeles, alt. 1150 m, 31 Jan. 1984, M.W.

Chase 84153, 84284 (MO).

Puntarenas: Monteverde, road to Veracruz, alt. 1100 m, 24 May 1993, Z. Fuentes 329 (CR, MO).

San Jose: vicinity of La Palma, road to La Hondura, alt. 1500-1700 m, 17 July 1923, W.R. Maxon

8100 (AMES); La Hondura, alt. 1300-1700 m, 16 Mar. 1924, PC. Standley 37602 (AMES); La

Palma, 15 May 1925, C.H. Lankester 975 (AMES).

GUATEMALA: Solola: Volcan Atitlan, western slopes, alt. 3,500-4,000 ft., Aug. 1932, W.R. Hatch

s.n. (AMES).

Quetzaltenango: Palmar, alt. 3,800 ft., 12 Oct. 1934, A.F. Skutch 1433 (AMES); Finca Moca, alt.

3,000 ft., 13 Apr. 1931, J. Bequaert 49 (AMES).

Peten: between San Clements and Dos Arroyas, 1 May 1931, H.H. Bartlett 12829 (AMES).

MEXICO: Chiapas: Rayon, between Tapilula and Tuxtla Gutierrez, alt. 1200 m, 13 July 1991, E.

Perez & M.A. Soto 164 (AMO).

This species, or better, species-complex, is widely distributed and variable in

size through Central America, where it is known as Stelis leucopogon Rchb.f.,

and the Andes. It is closely related to the complex of Stelis argentata Lindl.

Typical Stelis superbiens is distinguished by a large habit with a long, erect,

congested inflorescence of large, flat, widely spread flowers, one of the largest

found in Central America. However, it merges with the smaller S. argentata ,

making distinction of intermediate variations a personal opinion. The color varies

from yellow through all shades of purple. The sepals are transversely ovate,

obtuse and five-veined, but sometimes accessory lateral veins are present for a

total of seven, or rarely nine. The internal surfaces are glabrous, or microscopi¬

cally pubescent. The petals are concave without a transverse callus. The lip is

type-C, similar to that of S. argentata with a broadly rounded bar. The margin is

thin, with a minute, single, acute process. Rarely the apiculum is absent. The

margin of the lip of S. nanegalensis Lindl. is notched with acute tips to either side

of the apiculum to create three "teeth."

STELIS OF ECUADOR 191

100., 100a. Stelis tempestuosa Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 88: 82, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin tempestuosus , "stormy," referring to the cold, wet, windy pass where the

species grows.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: cloud forest east of the pass east of Loja, alt. 2750 m, 21 Mar.

1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10711 (Holotype of S. tempestuosa : MO); same area,

alt. 2700 m, 21 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 5522 (SEL); south of the pass south of Jim-

bura, alt. 3050 m, 21 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 12014 (MO);

between Yangana and Valladolid, alt. 2700 m, 2 Dec. 1988, J.E. Madsen, C. Bloch & H. Christensen

75811 (AAU).

Loja: pass north of Loja, alt. 3150 m, 17 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9550

(MO); west of Saraguro, alt. 3400 m, 11 July 2002, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 8421 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: east of the pass between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 2900 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11806 (MO).

Stelis tempestuosa was described and illustrated in leones Pleurothallidinae 24,

Part One, Fig. 100. Figure 100a. is an illustration of a markedly scandent collec¬

tion with longer ramicauls and racemes.

This species, apparently endemic in the mountains of southeastern Ecuador, is

characterized by slender ramicauls that are most frequently caespitose, but

sometimes a thick rhizome bears the ramicauls a centimeter or more apart. The

narrow leaves are longer than or surpassed by one to three congested racemes of

small, yellow flowers. Clusters of irregular, coralloid crystals are commonly

present in the sepals, occasionally filling the entire blade. The sepals are gla¬

brous, and the laterals are held forward in apposition as a synsepal, connate only

at the base. The petals are broadly subtruncate and single-veined. The lip is type-

B, longer than wide, with the apex obtuse, and the base with a broad, minutely

pubescent callus.

222. Stelis tenuilabris Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 4(20), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin tenuilabris , "with thin lip," referring to the labellum.

Syn.: Stelis alata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 18(2-3), 1858.

Ety.: From the Latin alatus, "winged," referring to the sepals.

Syn.: Stelis canaliculata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1718, 1872.

Ety.: From the Latin canaliculatus, "channeled," referring to the leaf.

Syn.: Stelis abbreviata Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 16, 2007.

Ety.: From the Latin abbreviatus, "abbreviated," referring to the short raceme.

VENEZUELA: near Colonia Tovar, 1854-55, A. Fendler 1471 (Holotype of S. tenuilabris : K;

Isotypes: AMES, G); without locality, 1854-56, A. Fendler 2154 (Holotype of S. alata : K); "Junqui-

to," Sept. 1956, G.C.K. Dunsterville 375. Tachira: Paramo de Tama, above Betania, alt. 2500-2895

m, 15 July 1944, J.A. Steyermark 57296 (AMES).

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: "Bogota," cultivated by Saunders s.n. (holotype of S. canaliculata :

W).

ECUADOR: Pastaza: near Mera, alt. ca. 1100 m, 4 Apr. 1956, E. Asplund 20125 (AMES, S); near

Mera, alt. ca. 1000 m, Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 921 (SEL); same collection, flowered

in cultivation 23 Dec. 1981, C. Luer 6790 (MO); east of Mera, alt. 1100 m, 28 Mar. 1984, C. Luer,

S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9783 (MO).

Napo: Reventador, alt. 1300 m, 14 Sept. 2004, A. Hirtz, W. & J. Coeck 9044 (holotype of S. abbrevi¬

ata: MO).

Morona-Santiago: new road west of Macas toward Guamote, alt. 1900 m, 16 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 13938 (MO).

Stelis tenuilabris was described by Lindley from a collection by Fendler from

coastal Venezuela. It was described and illustrated as Stelis abbreviata Luer &

Hirtz from Ecuador in leones Pleurothallidinae 29, Part Three, Fig. 222.

This species is widely distributed through the Andes at relatively low altitudes.

192

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

It is characterized by elliptical leaves about as long as the ramicauls, and usually a

fascicle of a few short, minutely flowered racemes, very similar in habit to Stelis

hylophila Rchb.f. The ovate sepals are practically free. The petals and lip are

similar, thin, cuneate, shallowly concave, and only slightly thickened along the

broadly truncate apex. The lip is the discoid variation of type-C.

415. Stelis tricardiumLindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 14(101), 1858.

Ety.: From the Greek tricardia , "three hearts," in allusion to the three cordate sepals.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-

3.5 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath on the middle third and 2 other sheaths at the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, acute to subacute, 4-5.5 cm long including the petiole ca. 1 cm long, the

blade ca. 1 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, slender, subdense, dis¬

tichous, flexuous, many-flowered raceme with several flowers open simultaneously, 12-14 cm long

including the peduncle 5-8 cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 0.5 cm long, from an annulus below the

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, obtuse, 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm

long; sepals expanded, purple, glabrous externally, pubescent within, connate basally for ca. 0.02

mm, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3-veined, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lateral sepals 1.5

mm long, 2 mm wide; petals purple, transversely cuneate-obovate, shallowly concave, 0.5 mm long, 1

mm wide, 3-veined, the apex broadly rounded or truncate with the margin narrowly thickened; lip

purple, thick, transversely subquadrate, 0.4 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 0.3 mm deep, shallowly concave

inside the apical margin, the margin round, obtusely subapiculate centrally, the bar convex with a

long, narrow glenion, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.5

mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: "Quito," W. Jameson 1322 (Holotype: K); forest between Chiriboga and

Santo Domingo, alt. 1500 m, 28 May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13724 (MO).

Lindley described an admittedly imperfect collection by Jameson from near

Quito as Stelis Tricardium , chosing to use for the epithet a noun, neither adjectival

nor possessive. He described the raceme as longer than the leaf, the sepals as

pubescent and remarkedly cordate, the petals as cuneate and fleshy, and the lip as

angulato medio carnoso canalic. These details of the lip are not easily interpret¬

ed, but no apiculum was noted, and no flower is available for examination.

Stelis argentata Lindl. is common around Quito, and a collection with shallow¬

ly connate, more or less cordate sepals, first thought to be a variation, is presented

here as S. tricardium . A slender, flexuous raceme far surpasses the narrowly

elliptical leaf. The sepals are pubescent, ovate, and obtuse, and more or less

contracted below where they are connate only at the base. When expanded, they

separate into three heart-shaped parts. The petals are broad with the margin

narrowly thickened. The lip is small, not unlike the type-C lip of S. argentata ,

but with a minute, obtuse apiculum.

416. Stelis trichorachis Rchb.f., Bonplandia3: 71, 1855, as trichorrachis.

Ety.: From the Greek trichorhachis, "with hair-like rachis," referring to the raceme.

Syn.: Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 69, 1921.

Ety.: From the Greek rhizomatosa , "with a rhizome," referring to the creeping habit.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, repent, the rhizome stout, 4-5 mm thick, 0.5-1 cm between rami¬

cauls; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending, erect, stout, 5-12 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath

from below the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate,

subacute, 8-11 cm long including the slender petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade 1.5-2 cm wide, cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, sublax, distichous, flexuous, many-flowered raceme

with several flowers open simultaneously, 5-12 cm long including the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, sub¬

tended by a spathe less than 0.5 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 2 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals expanded, greenish white

outer half, purple inner half, glabrous externally, minutely pubescent within, connate basally, broadly

STELIS OF ECUADOR

193

ovate, obtuse, 3-veined, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals 2.5 mm long,

3.5 mm wide; petals purple, transversely obovate, concave below the broadly rounded, broadly thick¬

ened apex, 0.8 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined; lip purple, thick, transversely subquadrate, 0.6 mm

long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.25 mm deep, shallowly concave inside the apical margin, the margin broadly

round, minutely apiculate centrally, the bar convex with a long, narrow glenion, the base minutely

pubescent, truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the

foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

COLOMBIA: Santander: Ocana, alt, 5,000 ft., Oct. 1850, L. Schlim 168 (Holotype of S. tricho-

rachis : W; Isotypes: BR, G, K).

ECUADOR: Loja: above Vilcabamba along river, alt. 2000-2400 m, May 1985, D. D Alessandro 347

(MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: new road between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz, et al 13597 (MO).

PERU: Cajamarca: Jaen, Cordillera east of Huancabamba, alt. 2400-2500 m, Apr. 1912, A. Weber-

bauer 6110 (holotype of S. rhizomatosa : destroyed at B; lectotype here designated: AMES; isolecto-

type: US).

This species is uncommon, but widely distributed in the Andes from the East¬

ern Cordillera of Colombia into Peru. It is distinguished by a thick, repent rhi¬

zome, with erect ramicauls; longer, long-petiolate leaves; and a sublax, fiexuous

raceme shorter than the leaf. Morphologically, the flowers are practically identi¬

cal to those of Stelis argentata Lindl.

417. Stelis tridactylon Luer, Selbyana5(2): 193, 1979.

Ety.: From the Greek tridactylon, "three-fingered," referring to the three-pronged flowers.

Syn.: Stelis Stella O.Duque, Orquideologia 20(3): 373, 1997.

Ety.: From the Latin Stella, "a star," referring to the appearance of a three-pointed star.

Plant medium to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 5-12

cm long, slightly compressed above, with a loose, tubular sheath near the middle, and 2 other sheaths

at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 8-13 cm long, 2.5-4 cm wide,

cuneate below into the subsessile base. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, nearly simultaneously

many-flowered raceme, 15-23 cm long including the peduncle 5-10 cm long, subtended by a large

spathe 2-3.5 cm long at the base of the leaf; floral bracts tubular, 2 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long;

ovary 3 mm long; sepals green, suffused with red below the middle, similar, cellular-glandular, con¬

nate basally, ovate-triangular with markedly revolute sides, narrowly obtuse, 10 mm long in lower

flowers, 3 mm long in highest flowers, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3 mm wide expanded, 3-veined; petals red,

transversely flabellate, with the apex broadly rounded, thickened along the margin, shallowly concave,

1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; lip red, thickly hemispherical, with the apex broadly rounded, 1

mm long, 1 mm wide, 1 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly with a small glenion, flattened dorsal-

ly, the base truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, the foot obsolescent,

the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Napo: north of Archidona, alt. ca. 600 m, collected 27 July 1975, flowered in cultiva¬

tion, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 622 (Holotype of S. tridactylon : SEL; Isotypes: AMES, K).

Pastaza: Mera, Rio Pastaza, alt. ca. 1000 m, 21 Nov. 1955, E. Asplund 18539 (AMES, S).

Morona-Santiago: between Mendez and Morona, alt. ca. 900 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Hirtz, A. Andreetta

& S. Ortega 4161 (MO); between Macas and Guamote, alt. 1500 m, Dec. 1994, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz &

J. del Hierro 6052 (MO); Chiviaza, east of Limon, alt. 1300 m, 21 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz, E. Sanchez &

S. Marin 7029 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, Rio Nangaritza south of Paquisha, alt. 950 m, 11 Feb.

1993, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & H. Wanntorp 1891 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: near Buenaventura, collected and cultivated by O. & M. Robledo at

La Ceja, flowered in cultivation 2 June 1990, O. Duque 1143 (holotype of S. Stella : JAUM).

This species is widely distributed from southern Colombia to southern

Ecuador. It is characterized by a large, elliptical, subsessile leaf, and a simultane¬

ously many-flowered raceme more or less twice longer. The sepals are narrow

with markedly recurved sides, and widely expanded like three fingers. The sepals

of the flowers low in the raceme are largest, up to one centimeter long, but those

near the tip measure only about three millimeters. The petals are small and fla¬

bellate, and the type-A lip is small and thick with the apex rounded.

194

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

56., 56a., 56b. Stelis tridentata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 6(40), 1858,

Ety.: From the Latin tridentatus, "three-toothed," referring to the tips of the leaves.

Syn.: Stelis ferax Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 46, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin ferax, "fruitful," referring to the copious production of capsules.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: without locality, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. tridentata : W); between

Chiriboga and Guajalito, alt. 2000 m, 20 Jan. 1956, E. Asplund 19059 (AMES, S); old road to Santo

Domingo, alt. ca. 2500 m, 17 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 376 (SEL); southwest of

Chiriboga, alt. 2200 m, 22 Mar. 1979, B. L0jtnant & U. Molau 11295 (AAU, GB); between Tandaya-

pa and Mindo, alt. 2320 m, 13 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstrom 7296, 7299 (SEL);

between Quito and Tandayapam alt. 2250 m, 7 Aug. 1984, C.H. Dodson, A. Gentry, W. Palacios & J.

Zaruma 15245 (MO).

Carchi: near the pass between Tulcan and Maldonado, alt. 2400 m, 16 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer,

J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 15084 (holotype of S. ferax : MO).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: forest on Volcan Turrialba, alt. 2000 m, 21 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, T.

Linder & W. Rhodehamel 12132 (MO); without locality, cultivated at Lankester Garden, 18 Mar.

1995, C. Luer 17407 (MO).

Stelis tridentata was described by Lindley from a collection by Jameson in the

province of Pichincha, Ecuador, in an area where it is relatively frequent today.

A distant population occurs in Cartago in Costa Rica, which could be explained by

ancient trade by the Indians. An unrecognized collection from the province of

Carchi, Ecuador, was described and illustrated in leones Pleurothallidinarum 24,

Part One, Fig. 56., as S. ferax Luer & Hirtz. Variations are offered in Fig. 56a.

and Fig. 56b.

Vegetatively, this species is easily recognized by the repent habit, ascending

ramicauls, and long-petiolate, broadly elliptical leaves that are tapered at both

ends. The raceme of numerous small flowers with broadly ovate, pubescent

sepals exceeds the leaf. The type-C lip has a minute spicule on the margin as seen

in Stelis argentata Lindl.

418., 418a. Stelis triplicata Lindl., Folia Orchid. Stelis 2(5), 1858; .

Ety.: From the Latin triplicatus, "three-plicate," referring to plicate comers between the sepals,

undoubtedly an artifact caused by drying and hydration of an old, or wilted, flower.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 4-10 cm long, enclosed

by a large, loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2 others below. Leaf erect, thickly coria¬

ceous, elliptical, obtuse, 9-15 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, cuneate below into the sessile or subpetiolate

base. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with many flowers open

simultaneously, to 35 cm long including the peduncle ca. 10 cm long, with a spathe 1.5 cm long, from

an annulus near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts inflated, oblique, acuminate, more or less

imbricating, 12 mm long below to 6 mm long above; pedicels 4-7 mm long, within the floral bract;

ovary 2-3 mm long; flowers purple to orange-brown; sepals glabrous, transversely ovate, obtuse,

deeply connate, the dorsal sepal 5-9 mm long, 6.5-11 mm wide, 7-veined, the lateral sepals 4-6 mm

long, 6-8 mm wide, 5-(6-)veined; petals triangular, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with a trans¬

verse callus, the margin broad, flat; lip thickly triangular, 0.9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 1 mm deep,

shallowly concave anteriorly with a relatively large glenion, the apex obtuse with a broad margin, the

dorsum with a broad, low, minutely pubescent callus, OR lip thickly oblong, 1.2 mm long (top), 1.8

mm wide, 2.5 mm deep (length), shallowly concave anteriorly with a large, deep glenion, the apex

round with a thick margin, the dorsum with a low, cellular-pubescent callus, the base broadly truncate,

hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the anther and the bilobed

stigma apical, the foot obsolescent.

ECUADOR: Napo: Eastern Cordillera near Baeza, 1857, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype of S. triplicata :

K).

Morona-Santiago: new road between Macas and Guamote, alt. 1100 m, 6 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J.

Luer & A. Hirtz 12692 (K, MO); Plan de Milagro, near Limon, alt. 1000 m, cultivated by Ecuagen-

era, 11 July 2002, A. Hirtz 8385 (MO), cultivated by Ecuagenera, C. Luer 19823.

Sucumbios: between La Bonita and Rosa Florida, alt. 1600-2000 m, 14 Mar. 1996, S. Dalstrom, S.

Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 2126 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20467.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

195

This handsome species from the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador is

distinguished by a large, robust habit, and a long, congested raceme of large,

alternating floral bracts from which large flowers protrude. The flowers from the

original Jameson collection were undoubtedly old, because wrinkles are drawn by

Lindley on the type-sheet, and Elmer Smith drew the wrinkles as well (Garay,

1980). The sepals of freshly pickled flowers are not wrinkled. The sepals are

transversely ovate with the dorsal sepal at least seven-veined, and the petals are

thickly triangular. The lip of the type-collection is triangular and obtuse, a

common rendition of type-A. The lip illustrated by Elmer Smith is most unusual,

being oblong and protruding. A similar strange lip is present on a specimen col¬

lected by Dalstrom (Dalstrom 2126 , Fig. 418a.; lip of the type, in Fig. 418.).

419., 419a. Stelis tristyla Lindl., Bot. Reg. 24: misc. no. 69, 1838.

Ety.: From the Greek tristylos , "three-pillared," referring to the three lobes of the column (two

stigmas and the rostellum).

Plant small to large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 6-8 cm long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath from below the middle and 2 other sheaths about the base. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 8-12 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate

or sessile base. Inflorescence an erect, congested, distichous, many-flowered raceme with many

flowers open simultaneously, to 25 cm long including the peduncle less than 10 cm long, with a spathe

10-15 mm long, from an annulus near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, oblique, acuminate,

not diverging, more or less appressed to the rachis, from 10 mm long below to 4 mm long above;

pedicels 3-7 mm long, within the floral bract; ovary 2-3 mm long; flowers purple; sepals glabrous or

microscopically pubescent, transversely ovate, obtuse, deeply connate, the dorsal sepal 4-6 mm long,

5-7 mm wide, 5-veined, the lateral sepals 4-6 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 4-veined; petals purple, triang¬

ular, broadly obtuse, 1-1.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with a transverse callus, the margin broad, flat,

microscopically cellular; lip thickly triangular, 1 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 1.2 mm deep, shallowly

concave anteriorly with a shallow glenion, with the apex round with a broad margin, the dorsum trical-

lous, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm

wide, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical, the foot obsolescent.

BRAZIL: without locality, Apr. 1838, Loddiges s.n. (Holotype of S. tristyla : K; Isotype: BM); without

collection data, Gardner 3201 (K); without collection data, Loddiges s.n. (K); without collection data,

Miers s.n. (K).

Rio de Janeiro: Radero, flowered in cultivation, 30 Oct. 1912 (BR); without data, flowered in cultiva¬

tion at Orquideario Binot, Petropolis, 2 Oct. 1996, C. Luer 18083 (MO); near Pati do Alferes, culti¬

vated by Maria Rita Cabral, 26 Mar. 2007, C. Luer 21209 (MO).

VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Mt. Roraima, upper slopes, Oct. 1884-Jan. 1885, 1m Thum 285 (K).

Without locality, May 1969, G.C.K. Dunsterville 1116.

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: in guava trees near Rio Negro, alt. 1500 m, 28 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S.

Dalstrom, T. Hdijer & J. Kuijt 9774 (MO).

Pastaza: cloud forest, Rio Zunag, alt. 2000 m, 25 Feb. 1990, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrom et al. 4548 (MO);

north of Topo, along Rio Zunag, alt. 2500 m. 25 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrom et al. 1412 (MO).

Morona Santiago: Cordillera del Condor, east of Guisme, alt. 1650 m, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. & P.

Jesup 14020 (MO); east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1600 m, 4 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz

12629 (MO); Cordillera del Cutucu, Macuma, alt. 900 m, cultivated in Macas by A. Zhiminaicala, 1

Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19579 (MO);

Zamora Chinchipe: Rio Valladolid, above Valladolid, alt. 1700 m, 16 Apr. 1986, D. DAlessandro

604 (MO).

This species is variable in size in its wide distribution from Venezuela through

Ecuador, and southern Brazil, but still unreported from intervening Peru and

Bolivia. It is distinguished by a usually robust habit with proportionately short,

stout ramicauls and a congested raceme of relatively large, expanded flowers and

large floral bracts. The broad, obtuse sepals are deeply connate to form a broad,

196

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

flat flower. The dorsal sepal is five-veined. The petals are thickly triangular and

obtuse, and the lip is type-A.

The smaller Stelis muscifera Lindl. is similar and separates from S. tristyla

indecisively. The usually larger S. triplicata Lindl. is also similar, but distin¬

guished by having seven or more veins in the dorsal sepal. Some collections,

tentatively identified as S. tristyla , seem intermediate with accessory veins.

Perhaps the three species should be treated as a single species-complex.

420. Stelis undecimi Luer & F.Werner, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin adjective undecimus , "eleven," referring nerves of the dorsal sepal.

Species haec Stelidis pachyphytae Luer & Hirtz affinis, sed floribus majoribus cum sepalis multi-

nervatis differt.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 5 mm thick above, 7-12

cm long, enclosed by a large, loose tubular sheath above the middle and 2-3 other sheaths at the base.

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, 15-16 cm long, the blade 4-5 cm wide,

conduplicate toward the sessile base. Inflorescence a stout, erect, congested, many-flowered raceme,

secund with flowers overlapping, many flowers open simultaneously, 25 cm long including the pedun¬

cle 12 cm long, from the base of the leaf, with a spathe 2 cm long; floral bracts broad, tubular, 2-3

mm long; pedicels 2-3.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; flowers dark purple; sepals fleshy, glabrous

externally, diffusely cellular-glandular within, ovate, obtuse, the dorsal sepal 7 mm long, 5 mm wide,

11-veined, connate 1 mm basally, the lateral sepals 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, connate 2 mm; petals

transversely semilunate, 1.2 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, shallowly concave within the rounded,

thickened margin; lip oblong-subquadrate, 0.8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1.3 mm deep, the bar shallow¬

ly concave anteriorly, with a small glenion, the dorsum narrow, deflexed, the base truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, between Loja and Zamora, alt.

2050 m, 23 Mar. 2004, F. Werner 869 (Holotype of S. undecimi : MO; Isotype: Loja), C. Luer illustr.

20927.

This large species is possibly only a variation of sympatric Stelis pachyphyta

Luer & Hirtz, varying in larger flowers with sepals bearing twice as many veins.

The ramicauls are stout; the leaves are rigidly and thickly coriaceous; the leaves

are conduplicate at the base and sessile; the peduncle is stout with a multiflowered

raceme beyond the leaf. Instead of five veins, eleven veins are present in the

dorsal sepal, and nine in each of the lateral sepals. The petals and lip are similar.

88., 224., 275. Stelis vesca Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 88: 63, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin vescus, "little, weak," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis aliquantula Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 17, 2007.,

leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 224.

Ety.: From the Latin aliquantulus , "little," referring to the habit.

Syn.: Stelis orbiculata Luer & Endara, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 42: 2007.

leones Pleuroth. 29, Part Three, Fig. 275.

Ety.: From the Latin orbiculatus, "round," referring to the sepals.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: along Rio Yunganza below Limon, 17 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer,

A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11854 (Holotype of S. vesca: MO); along Rio Paute near Guar-

umales, alt. 2000 m, 20 Oct. 1999, A. Hirtz & E. Sanchez 7001 (holotype of S. aliquantula: MO), C.

Luer illustr. 20865; near Campamento Guarumales, alt. 1650 m, 24 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Andreetta & L. Morocho 15238 (holotype of S. orbiculata: MO); between Amaluza and Guarumales,

alt. 1800 m, 1 May 2004, A. Hirtz 8726 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 20859.

Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass (El Toro) between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2550 m, 22 Oct. 2004,

F. Werner 1237 (MO); south of the pass south of Yangana, above Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 18 Mar.

1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrom, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9568 (MO).

STELIS OF ECUADOR

197

This tiny species is apparently frequent in an area of relatively lowland of

southern Ecuador. Minor variations are frequent, two of which have been de¬

scribed and illustrated, both in leones Pleurothallidinarum. 29, Part Three, one as

Stelis aliquantula Luer & Hirtz, Fig. 224., the other as Stelis orbiculata Luer &

Endara, Fig. 275.

Stelis vesca is distinguished by a very small, caespitose habit with elliptical

leaves that stands less than three centimeters tall. The leaves are surpassed by a

loose raceme of small, purple flowers. The sepals are glabrous and suborbicular;

the petals are single-veined; and the type-A lip is shallowly concave anteriorly

with the margin entire, and the dorsum is variably callous and microscopically

pubescent.

421. Stelis villosilabia Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin villosilabius , "with hairy lip," referring to the labellum.

Species haec Stelidis exiguae Luer & Hirtz affinis, secFfloribus multimajoribus, racemo laxe pluri-

floro, sepalis semiconnatis et labello subquadrato infra medium dense villoso differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-15 mm long,

enclosed by loose, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, petiolate, 20-30

mm long including a petiole 5-10 mm long, the blade 7-10 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole.

Inflorescence an erect, subflexuous, loose, simultaneously several-flowered raceme to 5 cm long

including the peduncle 2.5 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

oblique, acute, 3 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; flowers light yellow; sepals

glabrous, ovate, obtuse, 1-veined, the dorsal sepal obscurely 3-veined at the base, connate 1 mm into a

tube filled with the central apparatus, the dorsal sepal 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, the lateral sepals ob¬

lique, connate 1 mm, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide; petals thin, subquadrate, shallowly concave, broadly

truncate, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; lip subquadrate, truncate, 1.3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 0.5 mm

deep, shallowly concave above the middle, with a low, oblong callus extending forward from the

thick, densely pubescent half below the middle, the base truncate, hinged to the obsolescent column-

foot; column stout, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, with the anther and stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: between Guamote and Macas, alt. 2800 m, collected and cultivated

by Hirtz in Quito, Oct. 2006, A. Hirtz 9172 (Holotype of S. villosilabia: MO), C. Luer 21278.

This little species is most closely allied to Stelis exigua Luer & Hirtz, from

which it differs in much larger flowers with semiconnate sepals bom in a loose,

simultaneously, several-flowered raceme, and a thick mat of coarse hairs that

occupy the proximal half of a subquadrate lip. It is also similar to S. capsula Luer

& Hirtz and S. dimidiata Luer & Hirtz. but differing in single-veined lateral sepals

and petals. With the latter two, it shares deeply connate sepals that form a cup to

contain the central apparatus.

79., 78a. Stelis viridibruimea Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 448, 1899.

Ety.: From the Latin viridibrunneus , "greenish brown," referring to the colors of the flowers.

Syn.: Stelis procera Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 57, 2002.

Ety.: From the Latin procerus , "elongated," referring to the peduncle and raceme.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-4 cm

long, enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath, and 2 others below. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellip¬

tical, subacute to obtuse, 6-7 cm long including a petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade 1.2-1.5 cm wide,

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, slender, laxly many-flowered raceme with

several flowers open simultaneously, 5-12 cm long, total length to 26 cm long including a peduncle 14

cm long, with several, distant bracts, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

tubular, acute, 2-3 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals similar, cream-col-

198

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ored, glabrous but with shortly ciliated margins, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, 2.5 mm long,

2.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals yellow with purple margin, transversely oblong-suborbicular, 1 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, concave below the broadly rounded, slightly thickened, apical margin;

lip yellow with purple margins, discoid, shallowly subquadrate-oblong, 0.75 mm long, 1.4 mm wide,

1.4 mm deep, the apex broadly rounded with a slightly thickened margin, shallowly concave anteriorly

with a narrow glenion, the dorsum with a low callus, pubescent, the base broadly truncate, hinged to

the base of the column; column stout, 1.5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and

the stigma apical and bilobed with the lobes confluent beneath the rostellar flap.

ECUADOR: Loja: near Zaraguro, Cerro Pulla and Acacana, alt. 2600-2800 m, EC. Lehmann 8221

(Holotype of S. viridibrunnea : K; Isotype: AMES); near Yangana, collected D. D'Alessandro 80-

0107 , flowered in cultivation at SEL, 1981, C. Luer 6448 (holotype of S. procera ).

This species, apparently endemic in southern Ecuador, is allied to Stelis major

Rchb.f., but differs with narrower leaves; a proportionately short, loose, several-

flowered raceme borne by a thrice longer peduncle; and flowers half the size.

The sepals are ovate, obtuse, and minutely ciliate; the petals are suborbicular and

concave; and the lip is discoid, a variant of type-C, or flat vertically, that is, much

deeper than long. It is illustrated as Stelis procera Luer in Part One of the Stelis

of Ecuador in Icones-24.

422. Stelis viridula Luer, Phytologia 49(3): 240, 1981, not Stelis viridula

(Barb.Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 17: 267, 2001. [=Pab-

stiella filiformis (Cogn.) Luer].

Ety.: From the Latin viridulus, "greenish," referring to the flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 mm long, en¬

closed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate,

subacute to obtuse, 15-27 mm long including a petiole 3-5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, gradually nar¬

rowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a suberect, slightly flexuous, lax, several-flowered

raceme with 2-4 flowers open simultaneously, 3-6 cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, from

an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular, acute, 1 mm long; pedicels 1

mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals similar, pale green, glabrous externally, shortly pubescent

within with the hairs capitate, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1-veined, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1.3

mm long, 1.3 mm wide, the lateral sepals 1.3 mm long, 1 mm wide; petals membranous, translucent

light green, transversely oblong, slightly concave, 0.5 mm long, 0.66 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex

broadly subtruncate, slightly thickened on the margin; lip light green, thickly ovoid-subpyramidal, 0.4

mm long, 0.6 mm wide, flattened anteriorly with the apex broadly obtuse, the dorsum deflexed with a

broad, flat callus and a slender glenion descending anteriorly, the base truncate, hinged to the base of

the column; column stout, 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the foot rudimentary, 0.2 mm long, the anther

and the bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: forest along Rio Calagras, alt. 1600 m, 19 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Andreetta & C. Dodson 5488 (Holotype of S. viridula : SEL); flowered in cultivation 20 Mar.

1981, C. Luer 5982 (SEL); same area, alt. 1500 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W.

Flores & A. Embree 11869 (MO); same area, alt. 1550 m, 19 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Jesup &

P. Jesup 14005 (MO).

Pastaza: north of Puyo, alt. 1000 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11213

(MO).

Vegetatively, this little species is similar to many of the others species charac¬

terized by a tiny, tufted habit and a loose, several-flowered raceme that exceeds

the leaves in length. The minute, greenish flowers of Stelis viridula are distinct

with obtuse, capitate-pubescent sepals; transversely oblong, membranous, single-

veined petals; and a tiny, thick, type-A lip.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

199

423. Stelis xystophora Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek xystophorus , "spear bearing," referring to the slender leaves and ramicauls.

Species haec Stelidis congestae Luer & Hirtz similis, sed caulibus proportione longioribus, flori-

bus minoribus, et labello subdiscoideo apice late apiculato differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic (present specimen terrestrial), densely caespitose; roots filiform.

Ramicauls erect, slender, 16-20 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath on the middle third, and 2-3

other sheaths at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-oblong, narrowly obtuse, 9-10

cm long including a petiole ca. 1.5 cm long, the blade 1-1.3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence 1-3 erect, strict, congested, successively many-flowered racemes, 6-11

cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long, with many flowers open simultaneously, from an annulus

below the apex of the ramicaul with a spathe 10-12 mm long; floral bracts oblique, acute, 2 mm long;

pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals expanded, brownish purple, glabrous externally, micro¬

scopically cellular papillose within, broadly ovate, obtuse, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 1.5 mm

long, 1.75 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined; petals

transversely ovate, shallowly concave, the apex broadly rounded with a thickened margin, 0.8 mm

long, 0.9 mm wide, 3-veined; lip thickly subcircular, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 0.8 mm deep, the

apical margin with an obtuse, triangular apiculum, broadly concave anteriorly, with the margins barely

thickened, the bar thick, with a narrow glenion, the dorsum with an oblong, flat callus, cellular-

pubescent on the slightly elevated margins, the base broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the col¬

umn; column stout, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed

stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Loja: Nudo de Sabanilla, 8 km above Yangana, alt. 2300-2500 m, 2 Apr. 1985, G.

Marling & L. Andersson 23548 (Holotype of S. xystophora: GB), C. Luer illustr. 21294.

This species, known from only one collection in southeastern Ecuador, is

distinguished by a densely caespitose habit with narrowly elliptical-oblong leaves

borne by much longer, slender ramicauls, and one to three inflorescences usually

shorter than, or with time, barely exceeding the leaves. The raceme is slowly

successive, or with several flowers open simultaneously in a many-flowered

raceme, with the flowers overlapping. The sepals are expanded and broadly

obtuse; the petals are transversely ovate and three-veined; and the lip is thickly

subcircular, and concave anteriorly with a triangular apiculum.

97., 288. Stelis yanganensis Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 88: 64, 2002.

Ety.: Named for the community of Yangana in southern Ecuador near where this species was

found.

Syn.: Stelis similis Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 49, 2007.

Ety.: From the Latin similis , "similar," in allusion to the similarity to other species.

Plant small in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-4.5 cm

long, enclosed by 2 tubular sheaths, and another at the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellipti¬

cal, acute to subacute, short- to long-petiolate, 2-4.5 cm long including the petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long,

the blade 0.5-0.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested,

subflexuous, successively many-flowered raceme, 3-10 cm long including the peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm

long, several flowers open simultaneously, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts acute, oblique, 1-2 mm long; pedicels 1.25 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals dull white,

yellow to red-purple, glabrous or cellular pubescent within, expanded, broadly ovate, obtuse, sube¬

qual, connate basally, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, 2

mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined; petals purple, triangular-ovate, 0.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 3-

veined, shallowly concave below the obtuse apex with a narrow margin, concave below with a trans¬

verse callus; lip purple, triangular, 0.5 mm long, 0.85 mm wide, 0.66 mm deep, the apex obtuse,

shallowly concave anteriorly with a shallow glenion, the dorsum with a small, rounded callus, the base

broadly truncate, hinged to the base of the column; column stout, 0.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the

foot obsolescent, the anther and the bilobed stigma apical.

200

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: south of Yangana above Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10932 (Holotype of S. yanganensis : MO); south of Yangana, alt.

2400 m, 3 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D. D Alessandro & S. Dalstrom 7092 (SEL).

Pastaza: north of Mera, alt. 1350 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11200

(MO).

Bolivar: at the pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrom et

al 9721 (MO).

Morona-Santiago: east of the pass between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 2900 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz , W. Flores & A. Embree 11819 (MO); new road between Guamote and Macas, alt.

2900 m, 14-16 Oct. 2004, A. Hirtz, E. Sanchez et al. 9117 (holotype of S. similis: MO), C. Luer il-

lustr. 20889; along Rio Yunganza below Limon, 17 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores

& A. Embree 11854 (MO); forest between Gualaceo and Limon, alt. 2150 m, 14 Jan. 1989, C. Luer,

J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 13886 (MO).

Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Paquisha, alt. 1200 m, 23 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. Jesup 16130 (MO).

This small to medium sized, caespitose species, as conceived today, is vegeta-

tively variable and relatively frequent in its wide distribution in central and south¬

ern Ecuador. It usually stands more than five centimeters tall with narrow, long-

petiolate leaves that appear similar to those of Stelis hallii Lindl. Smaller plants

with proportionately wider leaves blend into S. calantha Luer & Hirtz.

The color of the flowers of both species varies between dark purple and yel¬

low. The sepals of S. yanganensis are glabrous or cellular-pubescent within,

while the sepals of S. calantha are more or less minutely pubescent. What ap¬

pears to be a variation with densely pubescent sepals is illustrated by Dunsterville

in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated and identified as the Brazilian Stelis calotricha

Schltr.

Except for the integument, the flowers of the two concepts vary little morpho¬

logically. The sepals are between two and three millimeters long, broadly ovate,

obtuse and three-veined; the petals are transversely ovate and three-veined with a

transverse callus; and the lip is type-A with a single, round, dorsal callus. The

flowers of Stelis hallii are similar except for having single-veined petals without a

transverse callus.

424. Stelis zothecula Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin zothecula, "a small chamber," referring to the small chamber created by the

connivent sepals.

Planta mediocris grandisve, racemis paucis multifloris folio elliptico acuto brevioribus, sepalis

carnosis obtusis concavis, petalis oblique oblongis concavis, labello minuto oblongo concavo obtuso

distinguitur.

Plant medium to large, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 7-

14 cm long, enclosed by a tubular sheath near the middle and 2-3 sheaths at the base. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 8-11 cm long including a petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade 2-2.3 cm wide,

narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence up to 8 erect, lax, distichous, many-flowered racemes

with several flowers open simultaneously, 4-7 cm long including a peduncle 1-2 cm long, subtended by

a spathe 5-7 mm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts infundibular,

oblique, inflated, 2.5 mm long; pedicels 0.75-1.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals more or less

connivent, green and light brown, glabrous, fleshy, broadly elliptical-ovate, obtuse, concave, the

dorsal sepal 1.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally to the lateral sepals, the lateral

sepals free, 1.3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined; petals oblong, oblique, concave, obtuse, with the

margin thickened, 0.6 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, 1-veined; lip type-B, oblong, obtuse, concave, 0.6 mm

long, 0.4 mm wide, the bar low, shallowly cleft, the base hinged to the base of the column; column

stout, 0.5 mm long, the anther apical, proportionately large, the foot obsolescent, the stigma confluent.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

201

ECUADOR: Tungurahua: Sendero Triunfo, Sector El Playon, alt. 3050 m, 3 Mar. 1989, Ximena

Buitrdn 459 (Holotype of S. zothecula: US), C. Luer illustr. 17218.

This species, apparently endemic at a high altitude in the mountains of eastcen-

tral Ecuador, is characterized by minute flowers borne by several, laxly flowered

racemes that are shorter than the leaves. The tiny, obtuse sepals are fleshy,

concave and connivent. The petals are oblique, oblong, concave and single-

veined. The minute lip is oblong, obtuse and concave above a shallowly cleft bar.

Revised Species

281., 281 revised. Stelis protuberans Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 112: 45, 2007.

Ety.: From the Latin protuberans, "protuberant," referring to the bulging bases of the sepals.

Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 8-10 cm long, enclosed

by a loose, tubular sheath from near the middle and 2-3 other imbricating sheaths below. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-9 cm long including the petiole 1-2.5 cm long, 2-3 cm

wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, distichous, many-flowered

raceme with several to many flowers open simultaneously, to 15 cm long including the peduncle ca. 2

cm long, subtended by a spathe ca. 1 cm long, from an annulus below the apex of the ramicaul; floral

bracts with revolute margins, oblique, acute, 4-7 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long;

sepals purple-brown externally, light olive-green within, glabrous, ovate, acute, the bases connate and

convex 1.5 mm to form a hemispherical protuberance, the dorsal sepal 6.5 mm long, 4.25 mm wide,

5-veined, the lateral sepals adherent, but soon separate, 5 mm long, 4.25 mm wide, 5-veined; petals

light green, transversely ovate, shallowly concave with a transverse callus, 1 mm long, 2 mm wide, 4-

veined, the apex broadly rounded with the margin thickened; lip light green, transversely ovate, 1 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, 0.75 mm deep, shallowly concave anteriorly within the broadly rounded, apical

margin, the bar convex with a rounded glenion, the dorsum with 3 calli, base truncate, hinged to the

base of the column; column stout, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the foot obsolescent, the anther and the

bilobed stigma apical.

ECUADOR: Imbabura: Buenos Aires, alt. 2800 m,

collected by and flowered in cultivation, Aug. 2004,

by A. Hirtz 8972 (Holotype of Stelis protuberans :

MO), C. Luer illustr. 20886, not A. Hirtz 8792.

Two collections by Hirtz with similar

numbers (8792 and 8972) were inadver¬

tently transposed when the illustration of

8792 was applied to 8972. The revised

description and illustration of Stelis

protuberans are presented hereby.

Fig. 281 revised. Stelis protuberans

202

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SPECIES EXCLUDED

Stelisalba Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 363, 1816.

Ety.: From the Latin albus , "white," referring to the flower.

Stelis alba was described by Kunth in 1817 from a collection near Popayan in

southern Colombia by Humboldt and Bonpland. In his Folia Orchidacea of 1858,

Lindley cited a collection near Loja in southern Ecuador by Hartweg, and another

by himself as R. 76 without locality. Rehydration of a flower from Lindley's

collection reveals it to be Stelis pusilla Kunth.

In Kunth's description of Stelis alba the ramicaul is three centimeters long, the

leaf is five centimeters long and about two centimeters wide, and the raceme is ten

centimeters long. The description of the flower is scanty. The sepals are white,

glabrous, ovate-oblong, acute, and three millimeters long; the petals are simply

minute; and the lip is simply "concave."

The illustration of a flower by Elmer Smith, presumably from the type and

identified as Stelis alba , was published by Garay, 1980. The petals are 3-veined,

and the lip is Type-B with a broad, triangular apex. I have seen no collection that

agrees with the above details.

Stelis lloensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 53, 1921.

Ety.: Named for the community of Lloa, near where the species was collected in the subandine

valley of Lloa near Quito, Feb. 1909, A. Mille s.n. (holotype of S. lloensis destroyed at B).

The specimen collected near Quito by Father Mille a century ago, and de¬

scribed by Schlechter as Stelis lloensis was lost at B. No duplicate collections are

known. In Father Sodiro's herbarium in Quito at QPLS, six of Mille's collections

of Stelis are identified, but S. lloensis is not among them. A neotype cannot be

designated, because no specimen agreeing with Schlechter's description and

drawing has been found.

Stelis lloensis is similar both vegetatively and florally to S. poculifera Luer &

Hirtz, leones Pleuroth. 24, Part One, Fig. 98., but differs from the former by

having only single-veined petals, instead of three-veined petals

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

203

Fig. 350. Stelisanolis

Fig. 351. Stelis apiculifera

204

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

205

Fig. 355. Stelis braccata

Fig. 355a. Stelis braccata

206

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 358. Stelis coarctata

Fig. 359. Stelis columnaris

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

207

Fig. 360. Stelis complanata

Fig. 67a. Stelis concinna

Fig. 67b. Stelis concinna

Fig. 361. Stelis debilis

208

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

209

Fig. 368. Stelis eublepharis

Fig. 368a. Stelis eublepharis

210

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 371. Stelis foveata

Fig. 372. Stelis gemma

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

211

Fig. 40. Stelis guianensis

Fig. 40a. Stelis guianensis

212

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 375. Stelis hirtella

Fig. 375a. Stelis hirtella

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

213

Fig. 377. Stelis hymenantha

Fig. 378. Stelis jamesonii

Fig. 378a. Stelis jamesonii

214

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 380a. Stelis lamellata

Fig. 380b. Stelis lamellata

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

215

216

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 385b. Stelis lindenii

Fig. 386. Stelis loxensis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

217

Fig. 388a. Stelis majorella

Fig. 389. Stelis maloi

218

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 391a. Stelis microchila

Fig. 392. Stelis mononeura

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

219

220

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 396. Stelis oblongifolia

Fig. 396a. Stelis oblongifolia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 400. Stelis platystachya

222

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

223

Fig. 405b. Stelis pusilla

Fig. 405c. Stelis pusilla

224

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 408. Stelis rostrata

Fig. 409. Stelis satyrella

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

225

226

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 414. Stelis superbiens

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

227

228

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

229

Fig. 419a. Stelis tristyla

230

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

STELIS OF ECUADOR

231

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES IN ICONES 30

Acianthera parahybunensis 132.

Acronia sect. Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae 36.

Anolis carolinensis 127.

Apatostelis 34, 101.

braccata 135.

ciliaris 138.

garayi 138.

glossula 60.

hirtella 154.

hylophila 155.

inaequalis 60.

minimiflora 135.

pendulispica 138.

pleistantha 135.

Arthrosia floribunda 32.

Dialissa 33, 34, 40, 100.

pulchella 34, 56, 100.

Epidendrum ophioglossoides 32, 34.

Eustelis 33.

Humboldtia 32, 34, 40, 161.

declivis 143.

lanceolata 161.

oblonga 170, 171.

purpurea 34, 39, 40, 72.

spiralis 72.

Humboltia 32,

purpurea 72.

Labiatae 33.

Leguminacea 32.

Lepanthopsis 71.

Pabstiella filiformis 198.

Physosiphon inaequalis 31, 143.

Pleurothallis 33, 144.

corazonica 31.

declivis 143.

floribunda 32.

pristis 31, 56.

spiralis 72.

Specklinia floribunda 32.

Steliopsis 34, 40.

anneliesae 34, 40, 64.

Stelis 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 144, 151.

Stelis subgen. Dialissa 100.

sub gen. Eustelis 100.

subgen. Humboldtia 34, 44.

subgen. Inaequales 40.

subgen. Nexipous 95.

subgen. Stelis 40, 100.

subgen. Stellata 40, 100.

sect. Chasmostelis 100.

sect. Concavae 100.

sect. Dialissa 100.

sect. Disepalae 40.

sect. Distichae 100.

sect. Distinctae 100.

sect. Fissae 100.

sect. Humboldtia 33, 35, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47,

75, 95, 101, 116.

sect. Isochilae 101.

sect. Labiatae 40, 101.

sect. Monostachyae 100.

Stelis sect. Nexipous 39, 93, 94.

sect. Papulosae 100.

sect. Patuliflorae 100.

sect. Pedales 101.

sect. Polystachyae 100.

sect. Rhomboideae 101.

sect. Stelis 33, 39, 40, 93, 100, 101, 103,

105, 107, 110, 112, 116, 118, 121, 123.

sect. Trivalves 100.

sect. Valvae 40.

Stelis abbreviata 117, 191.

abdita 31, 46, 48, 48, Fig. 307.

abrupta 72.

acaroi 110, 115.

acicularis 130.

aclyda 31, 105, 109, 121, 123, 126, Fig. 348.

acrisepala 117, 121.

acuifera 121, 122, 125, 126.

acuminata 117, 121.

acutilabia 42, 46.

acutissima 72, 74.

acutula 117, 119,

adinostachya 105, 107.

adrianae 110, 115.

aequoris 31, 42, 45, 49, Fig. 308.

aembyae 42, 45.

aglochis 31, 110, 114, 127, Fig. 349.

alata 191.

alba 202.

albertii 328.

alfaroi 179.

alismifolia 58.

aliquantula 101, 195, 196, 197.

allenii 42, 46, 49, Fig. 309.

alpina 42, 43, 72, 74.

altemans 105, 109.

altigena 158.

amabilis 121, 125.

amoena 110, 121, 132.

amblyophylla 169.

anderssonii 117.

andreettae 110, 112.

ann-jesupiae 40, 42.

anolis 117, 121, 127, Fig. 350.

anthracina 46, 47.

aperta 93, 94, 95, Fig. 343.

aphidifera 117, 118.

apiculata Lindl. 101, 180.

apiculata Schltr. 170.

apiculifera 101, 102, 103, 128, Fig. 351., 153.

applanata 42, 45, 79.

aprica 100, 117, 119, 129, Fig. 352., 157, 186.

arevaloi 158.

argentata 35, 36, 100, 105, 108, 110, 113, 127,

130, Fig. 353., 353a., 353b, 137, 153, 190,

192, 193.

ascendens 110, 113, 121, 124, 132., 158, 162.

asplundii 121, 125.

asseris 72.

atra 121, 122, 124, 133. Fig, 152a.

atrocaerulea 105, 108, 133.

232

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis atropurpurea 138.

atroviolacea 110, 111, 114, 134.

attenuata 110, 115, 134.

aviceps 42, 45, 46, 50, Fig. 310., 310a., 51.

azuayensis 31, 105, 107, 135, Fig. 354.

bangii 169.

barbata 166.

barbellata 121, 125.

barbicollis 144.

barbimentosa 105, 108.

benzingii 110, 115.

bermejoensis 105, 110.

bemoullii 130.

bicarinata 110, 112.

bicolor 107, 108.

bicornis 46, 47, 51, Fig. 311., 52, 53, 65.

biserrula 46, 47, 52, 53, Fig. 312., 65.

bivalvis 42, 44.

bolivarensis 42, 46.

bourgeavii 178.

bovilinguis 94, 95.

braccata 105, 107, 110, 112, 135, Fig. 355.,

136, 156, 176.

brachiata 40.

brachyrachis 105, 109.

brevilabris 46, 47, 48, 53, 54.

brevissimicaudata 101, 103.

brueckmuelleri 147.

bryophila 166.

buccella 40, 41.

bucculenta 40, 41.

buxiflora 117, 121.

cajanumae 42, 59.

calantha 101, 104, 200.

callicentrum 180.

calolemma 110, 113, 182.

calothece 101, 102, 103, 136., 137.

calyculata 160.

calyptrata 105, 107.

canaliculata 193.

capillaris 142.

capillipes 141, 142.

capitata 101, 105.

capsula 117, 119, 197.

carchica 121, 123.

carioi 178.

caroliae 105, 108, 110, 112, 113.

carta 31, 105, 110, 137, Fig. 356.

cascajalensis 189.

catharinensis 129.

cavernosa 110, 111, 116.

cavernula 105, 109.

celsa 110, 114, 134.

chabreana 180, 182.

chachapoy ensis 171.

chiapensis 179.

ciliaris 110, 113, 138, Fig. 357., 139.

ciliatissima 101, 104.

ciliolata 105, 109.

cinerea 166.

cingens 121, 124.

citrina 180.

clusaris 117, 120.

coarctata 31, 101, 103, 139, Fig. 358..

coeliaca 42, 43, 45, 59.

Stelis coelochila 117, 120, 174.

coleata 117, 121.

columnaris 121, 124, 140, Fig. 359., 165.

complanata 31, 105, 107, 113, 140, Fig. 360.,

141.

concinna 102, 105, 141. Fig. 67a., 67b., 142.

condorensis 42, 44.

confusa 138, 139.

congesta 110, 112, 114.

connata 72.

copiosa 102, 104, 105.

coracina 105, 109.

coralloides 117, 119.

cordibracteata 77.

coriifolia 139.

comiculata 47, 47, 48, 52.

coronaria 110, 114.

costaricensis Schltr. 166.

coturcoensis 171.

cotyligera 105, 110.

creodantha 117, 121.

crinita 110, 111, 112.

crossota 102, 105.

cryophila 121, 125.

cryptochila 42, 50.

cryptopetala 117, 185, 186.

cuencana 110, 111, 114, 142.

cupuligera 72.

curvata 178.

cuspidilabia 156.

cutucuensis 102, 104.

cyathiformis 117, 120.

dactyloptera 40, 42, 54, Fig. 313.

dalessandroi 117, 120.

dalstroemii 110, 115, 117.

dazae 180.

debilis 122, 123, 143, Fig. 361.

declivis 122, 123, 143, Fig. 362.

decurva 105, 107.

delhierroi 40, 42.

delicata 110, 114.

densiflora 72.

dentata 72.

depauperata 42, 43, 44, 55, Fig. 353a.

despectans 102.

dialissa 40, 47, 48, 56, Fig. 314., 314a.

digitata 47.

dimidiata 117, 119, 197.

dirigens 122, 125.

discoidea 102. 104.

discolor 105, 109, 110, 114, 144, Fig. 363.

discophylla 31, 105, 107, 122, 123, 145, Fig. 364.

dispar 133.

dissimulans 122, 125.

distans 35, 40, 42, 44, 105, 109.

disticha 102, 110, 113, 145, Fig. 365., 152.

diversifolia 105, 109.

dodsonii 117, 170.

dolichantha 105, 109.

donaxopetala 31, 117, 120, 146, Fig. 366.

dressleri 168.

drewii 122, 125.

dromadarina 42, 44.

dubia 72, 74.

ecallosa 80.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

233

Stelis elatissima 42, 44.

elegantula 180.

elongata 47, 48, 57, Fig. 315., 315a.

elongatissima 110, 113.

embreei 40, 42.

encephalota 94.

endocharis 72.

endresii 130, 131.

epibator 122, 124, 133.

esmeraldae 102, 103, 105, 107, 135.

espinosae 31, 106, 109, 146, Fig. 367.

eublepharis 106, 179, 147, Fig. 368.

eumeces 110, 134.

eustylis 111, 114, 140.

exacta 106, 109.

exasperata 111, 114.

excavata 110, 111, 142.

exigua 117, 119, 196.

exilis 102, 106, 107.

eximia 189.

exquisita 31, 111, 113, 148, Fig. 369.

fabulosa 111, 113, 148.

falcifera 122, 125.

fasciculata 167.

ferax 122, 194.

fimbriata 138.

fissa 170, 171.

fissurata 42, 44.

flacca 42, 46, 58, Fig. 316., 76.

flagellaris 31,111,116, 148, Fig. 370.

flava 42, 45.

flexilis 40, 42.

flexuosa 141, 142.

flexuosissima 111, 113.

floresii 111, 114, 115, 149.

florianii 40, 42, 54.

floribunda 170, 171.

formosa 111, 114.

fortis 47.

foveata 117, 121, 150, Fig. 371.

frontinoensis 42, 43, 45, 58, 59.

fruticulus 77.

fulva 178.

galeola 41.

garayi 138.

gastrodes 31, 42, 44, 59, Fig. 317.

gemma 106, 109, 150, Fig. 372.

gemmulosa 102, 103.

gentryi 117, 119.

genychila 94, 95, 96, 97, Fig. 344.

gigantea 111, 151.

gigantissima 111, 116, 151.

glaberrima 102, 105.

gladiata 102, 153.

glanduligera 102, 103.

glandulosa 130.

globiflora 41, 59, Fig. 318.

globulifera 102, 105.

glomerosa 47, 60, Fig. 319.

glossula 41, 60, Fig. 320., 75.

glossulicles 42, 43.

glumacea 117, 121, 151, Fig. 373., 163.

gonzaleziana 175.

gracilispica 42, 55.

graminea 180, 182.

graminosa 42, 43, 55.

Stelis grandibracteata 111, 113, 152, Fig. 374.

grandis 162.

guatemalensis 36, 43, 44, 52, 61, Fig. 321.,

321a., 62, 69.

Stelis gratiosa 138, 139.

guianensis 102, 103, 128, 131, 137. 152,

Fig 40., 40a.

hallii 34, 102, 104, 106, 110, 111, 131, 151,

Fig. 291a., 200.

var. atra 133.

haltonii 111, 113.

hemicardia 72.

heylidiana 130.

hians 31, 78.

hirta Lindl. 154.

hirtella 106, 154, Fig. 375.

hirtzii 122, 124.

hirtella 108, 109.

hispida 122, 124.

hoeijeri 122, 125.

huancabambae 72.

huebneri 130.

humboldtina 41.

hydroidea 102, 104, 106, 108.

hylophila 34, 101, 111, 113, 155, Fig. 376.,

158, 176.

hymenantha 117, 118, 129, 156, Fig. 377.,

157, 188.

hymenopetala 102.

imbricans 106, 109.

immodica 110, 115.

impostor 106, 109.

inaequalis 60.

inflata 46.

ingridiana 43, 45.

insignis 170.

intermedia

intonsa 102.

in versa 53.

jamesonii 106, 108, 111, 114, 122, 125,

157, Fig. 378., 378a., 158.

janus 106, 110.

jatunyacuensis 31, 41, 42, 62, Fig. 322.

jimburae 43, 45.

jimenezii 138, 139.

juncea 117, 120, 121, 150.

juninensis 94, 95, 96, 98, Fig. 345.

kentii 31, 106, 108, 158, Fig. 379..

koehleri 189.

kuijtii 111, 116.

lacunata 110, 111, 134.

lamellata 117, 120, 122, 124, 158, Fig. 380., 380a.

lanata 122, 124, 160, Fig. 381.

lancea 122, 124, 160, Fig. 382.

lanceolata 101, 122, 124, 161, Fig. 383.

langlassei 43, 44, 63, Fig. 323., 323a., 323b.

lanuginosa 117, 120.

lapoi 43, 44.

latimarginata 111, 116, 117, 121.

laudabilis 94.

lentiginosa 102, 104, 158, 161, Fig. 384., 162.

lepidella 105, 110,

leucopogon 131, 189, 190.

levicula 102, 105.

liberalis 106, 109.

lilliputana 117, 118.

234

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis limbata 102, 103, 106, 108.

limonensis 111, 149.

lindenii 117, 121, 122, 125, 151, 162, Fig. 385.,

385a., 385b.

listrophylla 43, 45.

litensis 111, 115.

lloensis 202.

lobata 57.

loejtnantii 122, 124.

longicuspis 68.

longihirta 102, 141, 142.

longissima 102.

lorenae 122, 124.

loxensis 106, 107, 163, Fig. 386.

lugoi 31, 106, 109, 164, Fig. 387.

luteola 43, 46.

luteria 43, 46.

lynniana 94.

macilenta 117, 120.

macrocarpa 161.

macrolemma 111, 115.

madsenii 106, 109.

major 102. 167, 199.

majorella 31, 106, 107, 164, Fig. 388.

maloi 102, 104, 165, Fig. 389.

mammillata 111, 116.

manabina 43, 66.

maniola 47, 48.

matula 94.

maxima 34, 47, 50, 64, Fig. 324.

maxonii 179.

medinae 111, 114, 115, 116.

megahybos 180.

megalocephala 117, 118, 166, Fig. 390.

megaloglossa 42, 43, 45.

megalops 111, 112, 114.

megantha 102.

melanoxantha 40.

melicoides 57.

membranacea 111, 116.

memorialis 41.

mendozae 106, 107.

micacea 102, 104.

micrantha Barb.Rodr, 129.

micrantha Lindl. var. atropurpurea 138.

microchila 102, 103, 166, Fig. 391., 391a.

microglossa 129.

micropetala 110, 114.

microphylla 180.

miersii 129.

milagrensis 106, 110.

millei 160.

millenaria 111, 112.

minimiflora 135, 136.

minuta 180.

minutiflora 129.

minutissima 117, 119.

misera 117, 119.

mnemonica 94.

molaui 117, 120.

molleturensis 117.

monicae 117, 120.

moniligera 117, 119.

mononeura 117, 120, 167, Fig. 392.

morganii 122, 123, 168, Fig. 393., 393a.

mucronata 47, 52, 64, Fig. 325., 65.

Stelis multiflora 43, 44.

mundula 106, 109.

muscifera 36, 106, 110, 111, 116, 169, Fig. 394.

myriantha Lindl., 180.

myriantha Schltr ., 175.

nambijae 122, 124.

nana 43, 44, 65, Fig. 326., 66.

nanegalensis 111, 115, 169, Fig. 395., 170, 190.

nepotula 122, 123.

neudeckeri 47.

nexipous 94, 95, 96, 98, Fig. 346., 99.

nigrescens 43, 45, 46.

nikiae 122, 125.

ninguida 111, 115.

nutans 43, 44, 55, 66, Fig. 327., 327a.

nycterina 41.

oblonga 100, 117, 120, 125, 170, Fig. 50a., 171.

oblongifolia 122, 125, 171, Fig. 396., 396a.

obtecta 111, 114.

ochreata 162.

odobenella 41, 67, Fig. 328.

opercularis 41, 67, Fig. 329.

ophioceps 117, 119.

ophioglossoides 32, 34, 100, 101.

opimipetala 102, 103.

orbiculata 102, 195, 196, 197.

oreada 31, 122, 123, 124, 173, Fig. 397.

orecta 94.

ortegae 102.

pachyphylla 72.

pachyphyta 111, 115, 196.

pachystele 73.

pactensis 94.

pan 31, 111, 115, 173, Fig. 398.

panguiensis 117, 119, 129.

paniculata 122, 123.

papaquerensis 100.

papillosa 134.

papulina 106, 109.

paradisicola 43, 45.

pardipes 43, 44, 52, 62, 68, Fig. 330., 330a., 69.

parvipetala 43.

patens 41, 42, 63.

patinaria 43, 45.

patula 61.

paulula 102, 104.

pedanocaulon 43, 46.

peduncularis 106, 108.

pelycophora 43, 45.

pendulispica 138.

petiolata 117, 121.

phaeantha 72.

phil-jesupii 102, 104.

physoglossa 31, 118, 119, 174, Fig. 399.

picea 94.

pichinchae 130.

pilosa 102, 174.

pilosissima 102, 103, 137, 174, 76.

pilostylis 144.

piperina 47, 48, 69, Fig. 331., 70, 76.

pisinna 122, 123.

pixie 111, 115.

platypetala 43, 46.

platystachya 111, 113, 141, 175, Fig. 400.

pleistantha 135.

pluriracemosa 111.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

235

Stelis poculifera 118,120.

pollex 31, 47, 48, 70, Fig. 332.

polyantha 106, 107.

polybotrya 111, 112, 155, 156, 175, Fig. 401.,

176.

poly carpica 111, 116.

polyclada 180.

porpax 118, 177, Fig. 402.

porphyrea 101, 102, 136, 137.

portillae 111, 116.

potpouri 31, 118, 120, 177, Fig. 403., 178.

prava 102, 105.

preclara 43, 46.

pristis 43, 45, 70, Fig. 333.

procera 106, 197, 198.

prolata 122, 123.

prolificosa 122, 125.

propagans 47.

prorepens 184.

protracta 111, 114.

protuberans 111, 115, 201, Fig. 281 revised.

pterostylis 71.

pubipetala 122, 125,

pudens 118, 120, 178, Fig. 404.

pugiunculi 47, 52, 71, Fig. 334.

pulchella 56.

purpurascens 111, 112, 115, 178., 180.

purpurea 33, 34, 39, 40, 43, 45, 51, 72, 74, 77.

purpurella 106, 109.

purpusii 179.

pusilla 36, 102, 103, 106, 108, 122, 123, 124,

133, 180, Fig. 405., 405a., 405b., 405c.

ramificans 122, 124.

ramosii 111, 115, 182, Fig. 406.

ramulosa 122, 123, 125, 184.

recurvula 175.

reflexa 155, 156.

regina 43, 46.

remifolia 106, 110.

reniformis 94.

repanda 43, 72, 74.

repens 122, 123, 183, Fig. 407.

rhizomatosa 192.

rhomboidea 101.

rhynchanthera 161.

rimulata 118, 119.

riozunagensis 111.

robusta 72.

robustior 72.

rodriguesii 129.

rosamariae 43, 46.

rostrata 31, 118, 119, 183, Fig. 408.

rotunda 106, 109.

rusbyi 72.

saccata 47, 48, 179.

sanchezii 41.

sanctae-rosae 102, 103.

santiagoi 43.

satryella 31, 122, 125, 184, Fig. 409.

satyrica 122.

saurocephala 94.

scaberula 118.

scalena 112, 113.

scandens 180.

scansor 122, 123, 184, Fig. 410.

scaphoglossa 43, 44.

Stelis schistochila 102, 105.

schomburgkii 117, 118, 120, 121, 185,

Fig. 242a., 242b., 188.

scitula 112, 116.

scopulosa 31, 44, 74, Fig. 335.

secunda 122, 123.

seleniglossa 156.

septella 122, 123.

septicola 118, 120.

serpens 47, 53, 54.

serra 106, 107, 186, Fig. 411.

serrulifera 112, 115.

sesquipedalis 161.

similis 102, 106, 198.

singularis 31, 43, 44, 75, Fig. 336.

situlifera 43, 46.

sodiroi 144.

soricina 122, 125.

sororcula 102, 104.

sotoana 179.

sparsiflora 43.

spathulata 48, 118, 120, 187, Fig. 412.,

412a., 188.

steganopus 94, 95, 96, 99, Fig. 347.

Stella 193.

stevensonii 106, 107.

stiriosa 31, 47, 48, 75, Fig. 337.

stormii 102, 153.

strictissima 112, 113.

striolata 118, 121, 188, Fig. 413.

strobilacea 43, 46.

suaveolens 55.

subtilis 122, 124.

sumacoensis 41, 42.

superbiens 112, 115, 131, 170, 189, Fig. 414., 190.

superposita 171.

supervivens 118.

surrogatilabia 43, 44.

tanythrix 106, 107.

tarda 43, 44.

teaguei 43, 44.

tempestuosa 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 191,

Fig. 100a.

tenuifolia 43, 45.

tenuilabris 118, 119, 191.

tenuis 180.

tessmannii 65.

tetramera 118, 121.

thamiostachya 112.

thermatica 111, 112, 178, 179.

thoerleae 41, 42.

tobarii 31, 43, 45, 76, Fig. 338.

tonsoria 63.

tortuosa 106.

translucens 102, 104, 106, 109.

transversalis 174.

trianae 184.

tricardium 106, 108, 130, 192, Fig. 415.

trichoglottis 118, 120.

trichorrachis 122, 124, 192, Fig. 416.

tricula 41.

tricuspis 187.

tridactyloides 106, 108.

tridactylon 112, 113, 193, Fig. 417.

tridentata 122, 124, 194, Fig. 56a., 56b.

trigoniflora 100.

236

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis trinitatis 169.

trinitensis 169.

triplex 112, 113.

triplicata 36, 112, 116, 194, Fig. 418., 418a.

triseta 47, 51, 52.

triseta var. pardipes 68.

tristyla 112, 116, 169, 195, Fig. 419., 419a.

tropex 122, 124.

truncata 47, 77, Fig. 329.

tumida 102.

umbonis 102, 105.

uncifera 94

undecimi 31, 112, 116, 196, Fig. 420.

undulata 106, 109.

uniflora 102, 103.

uxoria 122, 126.

vagans 184.

valladolidensis 31, 43, 44, 77, Fig. 340.

velivolva 43, 44, 46.

velutina 43, 46, 78, Fig. 341.

venosa 43, 46, 79.

venusta 42, 43, 58, 59.

Stelis vesca 101, 102, 104, 154, 196.

viamontis 102, 104.

villifera 112, 114.

villosilabia 118, 119, 197, Fig. 421.

viridibrunea 106, 108, 197., Fig. 78a.

viridula 118, 198, Fig. 422.

vittata 132.

vollesii 41.

vulcani 43, 44, 46, 79, Fig. 342., 342a.,

80.

vulcanica 169.

wilhelmii 112, 113.

ximenae 112.

xystophora 31, 112, 199, Fig. 423.

yanganensis 72, 102, 104, 106, 108, 154,

199., 200.

yauaperyensis 130.

zamorae 102, 104,

zarumae 112, 114.

zelenkoi 94.

zigzag 118, 119.

zothecula 31, 118, 119, 200, Fig. 424.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

237

REFERENCES

Dunsterville, G.C.K. & L.A. Garay, 1959-1976. Venezuelan Orchids Il¬

lustrated, vol. 1-6.

Duque, 0., 1997. New Species of Stelis from Colombia. Orquideologia 20(3):

328-376.

Garay, L.A., 1956. Contribution towards a monograph of the genus Stelis Sw.

Canad. J. Bot. 34: 346-369.

- 1980. Systematics of the genus Stelis Sw. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har

yard Univ. 27(7-0): 167-259.

GEESINK, R. & M. SANJAPPA, 1986. Proposal to reject Humboltia Ruiz & Pav, in

favor of Humboldtia Vahl, Taxon 35(1): 180-181.

Lindley, J., 1858. Folia Orchidaceae Stelis, 1-19. J. Matthews, Co vent Garden.

Luer, C.A., 1986. leones Pleurothallidinarum I. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 15: 60-64.

- 2002. A first century of new species of Stelis of Ecuador, part one.

leones Pleurothallidinarum XXIV. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88:

1 - 86 .

- 2004. A second century of new species of Stelis of Ecuador, part

two. leones Pleurothallidinarum XXVI. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 95: 115-200.

-2007. A third century of Stelis of Ecuador, part three. leones Pleuro¬

thallidinarum XXIX. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 115-200.

PRIDGEON, A.M. & M.W. Chase, 2001. A phylogenetic reclassification of

Pleurothallidinae. Lindley ana 16(4): 235-271.

-2002. Nomenclatural notes on Pleurothal¬

lidinae. Lindleyana 17(2): 98-101.

Schlechter, R., 1921. Die Orchideenflora der sUdamerikanischen kordilleren

staatenlll. Ecuador. Repert. spec. nov. regni veg. Beih. 8: 121-125.

Schultes, R.E. &A.S. Pease, 1963. Generic names of orchids, their origin and

meaning, Academic Press, Inc.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank the curators of the numerous American and European herbaria for their

kindness for permitting invaluable access to their collections of the nineteenth

century, I particularly thank the herbaria of AMES, BR, G, HB, K, RB, SP, US

and W.

For time-consuming proofreading, I owe many thanks to Victoria Hollowed,

Mary Jane Hotaling, and Lisa Thoerle.

Alexander C. Hirtz of Quito has been included as co-author of the majority of

species, because, without his ability to gather these collections, this work would

have been impossible. Recently, vast collections cultivated by Jose Portilla at

Ecuagenera in Gualaceo, have also produced numerous new species.

I thank Stig Dalstrom for the inking of most of the illustrations, and the gener¬

osity of the Pleurothallid Alliance that has made his inking possible.

238

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ADDENDA TO SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

One of the reasons that subsection Coccineae had been delayed until Part Five

of Systematics of Masdevallia was the hope that Masdevallia venusta would reap¬

pear. It was described by Schlechter in 1921 from a collection by Weberbauer

from the Andean slopes east of Huancabamba in northern Peru. This specimen

was lost in the destruction of the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium in 1944. No duplicate

material is known.

In botanical literature the epithet venusta first appeared merely in a list of

plants made from several sales catalogues. Schlechter used the epithet to describe

formally a beautiful, terrestrial species from Peru as Masdevallia venusta. In the

Orchids of Peru, Schweinfurth included M. coccinea Linden ex Lindl., listing M.

venusta in the synonymy.

Masdevallia venusta Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 62, 1921.

Ety.: From the Latin venustus, "beautiful," for the beauty of the flowers.

Plant medium in size to large, terrestrial, caespitose. Ramicauls erect, stout, 3 cm long, enclosed

by 1-2 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thick, linear-elliptical, obtuse, 12 cm long, 2 cm wide, 0.2-0.3 cm

thick, gradually narrowed below into a subpetiolate base. Inflorescence: a solitary flower borne by a

stout, more or less horizontal peduncle, 30 cm long, floral bract closely clasping, 2 cm long; pedicel

stout, 6 cm long; ovary cylindrical, thick, 8 mm long; sepals glabrous, bright red-orange, the dorsal

sepal narrowly obovate, 60-65 mm long, including the tail ca. 30 mm long, 9 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to the lateral sepals for 18 mm into a curved sepaline tube, the apex acute, acuminate into the

tail, the lateral sepals broadly falcate, ca. 45 mm long and connate 20 mm beyond the tube into an

expanded lamina 30 mm broad, 6-veined, the apices acuminate into indistinct, short tails less than 1

cm long; petals white, oblong, 10 mm long with the basal process, 3 mm wide, the apex obtusely

bilobulate, the lower margin with a narrow, longitudinal callus terminating in a retrorse, acute, nar¬

rowly triangular process; lip elliptical-oblong, 8 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, truncate at the tip with a

marginal lobule, the disc with a pair of low calli on the middle third, the base truncate, hinged beneath

to the column-foot; column terete, 7 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with an incurved extension.

PERU: Cajamarca: east side of the cordillera east of Huancabamba, alt. 2400-2500 m, Apr. 1912, A.

Weberbauer 6111 (Holotype destroyed at B); without collection data, obtained in Jan. 2008 by Lynn

O'Shaughnessy, flowered in cultivation at Howell, MI, May 2008, C. Luer 21305 (Neotype here

designated: MO).

Ancash: Conchuca, Pallasca, alt. 3000-3400 m, collected and cultivated in Lima by Manolo Arias s.n.

(USM).

This species with scarlet ("coccineus" fide Weberbauer) flowers apparently had

not been recognized since the original collection by Weberbauer nearly a century

ago in northern Peru. Widely distributed in northern and central Peru, the typical¬

ly purple Masdevallia amabilis Rchb.f. & Warsz. is frequent and variable in size

and configuration of the sepals. Four presumed variations were illustrated in Part

Five of the Systematics of Masdevallia where the color was noted to vary from

yellow-orange to purple or white. Recently, plants with red-orange flowers have

appeared in the trade as Masdevallia venusta , and although details of the flowers

do not exactly match those of Schlechter's original, there is no doubt about the

identification. Schlechter made his description from a rehydrated flower that

rarely retains the details of a living flower, or a fresh flower preserved in the

proper liquid. In retrospect, it is now believed that M. amabilis , M. venusta , and

intermediate variations between both species occur sympatrically in northern Peru.

Masdevallia venusta is distinguished from M. amabilis by larger, red-orange

flowers with acuminate lateral sepals, instead of smaller, typically purple flowers

with more or less abruptly caudate lateral sepals.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

239

Plate 698. Masdevallia venusta

240

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Four new species of the Masdevallia alliance are given Plate numbers continu¬

ing the sequence in the Systematics of Masdevallia in leones Pleurothallidinarum.

Alaticaulia barbozae Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Arcenio Barbosa who first collected this species.

Inter species Alaticauliae planta mediocris caespitosa, pedunculo folio plus minusve aequilongo,

racemo congesto successivifloro, sepalorum caudis elongatis plus minusve compressis, petalis sub-

triangularibus ad centrum incrassatis, labelli hypocheilio oblongo et epichilio obovoideo marginibus

incurvis abrupte apiculato distinguitur.triangulari acuto, et labello late oblongo distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-4 cm long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical-obovate, 15-21 cm long, 2.2-2.6

cm wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base.

Inflorescence a congested, successively flowered raceme ca. 3 cm long, borne by a stout, erect

peduncle 14 cm long, with a bract near the base, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts ob¬

lique, tubular, acute, 2.5 cm long; pedicels 3 cm long; ovary 4-5 mm long; sepals fleshy, dull rose,

green toward the tips, pusticular, the dorsal sepal with the blade obovate, 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, the

apex broad, contracted into a forwardly directed, green tail 4.5 cm long, connate to the lateral sepals

for 5 mm to form a tube, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, the blades 14 mm long, 7 mm

wide, connate 5 mm, the apices broad, contracted into more or less compressed, green tails also 4.5

cm long; petals orange, subtriangular with obtuse, basal angles, thickened centrally, 5.5 mm long, 3

mm wide at the base, the apex subtruncate; lip red-brown, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, divided above

the middle by marginal folds into an oblong hypochile 3 mm long, and an obovoid epichile 2.5 mm

long with recurved margins, the apex convex, broadly obtuse, minutely apiculate, the disc superficially

channeled between the marginal folds, the base subtruncate, thickened, hinged beneath; column white,

semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot with a short, slender, incurved extension.

PERU: Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, between Moyabamba and Pedro Ruiz, alt. ca. 1800 m, collected

by Arcenio Barboza, received by Claire Rojohn June 2006, flowered in cultivation in Hales Comers,

WI, July 2008, by C. Rojohn s.n ., (Holotype of A. barbosae : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21310.

Among the species of Alaticaulia , this species, apparently endemic in Amazo¬

nian Peru, is distinguished by a congested, successively flowered raceme with

long, compressed, sepaline tails. The sepals are pusticulate within; the petals are

subtriangular with obtuse angles at the base and callous centrally. The epichile of

the lip is obovate with recurved margins and with the obtuse apex shorftly apicu¬

late.

In Part One of the Systematics of Masdevallia , leones XIX, featuring the

species currently residing in Alticaulia, this species keys out to A. xylina (Rchb.f.)

Luer, but is distinguished from the latter by broader tails at the base, subtriangular

petals, and a lip without the apical keel.

Masdevallia dubbeldamii Luer & Sijm, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Piet Dubbeldam of Heijningen, The Netherlands, co collector of the species.

Species haec Masdevalliae Delassandroi Luer affinis, sed foliis obtusis latioribusque, sepalis peta-

lisque persimilis, sed labello rhombeo, infra apice constricto lobulum formanti, et marginibus minute

undulatis crispatis differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicaul slender, erect, blackish, 1.5-

2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, dark green, long-petiolate, 4-8 cm

long including the petiole ca. 3 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1.8-2 cm wide, cu-

neate below into the blackish petiole. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by an erect, slender

peduncle 5.5 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 13 mm long;

pedicel 13 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals light yellow-green, dotted with red within, widely

expanded, the dorsal sepal oblong, shallowly concave, 17 mm long, 10 mm wide, connate to the later¬

al sepals for 4 mm into a shallow cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into a slender, reflexed tail 4 cm

long, the lateral sepals oblong, 21 mm long, 11 mm wide, connate 6 mm, the apices oblique, broadly

obtuse to rounded, contracted into tails 3.5 cm long, similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals yellow-

white with purple dots, more or less oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex narrowly truncate,

the labellar margin with a broadly rounded lamella along the middle third, ending in an obtuse, retro-

STELIS OF ECUADOR

241

rse tooth at the base; lip white, marked with purple, rhombic, 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the margins

thin, minutely crisped, undulate, above the middle, constricted below the apex to create a red-purple

lobule with minute, recurved margins, the disc convex below the middle, the base loosely hinged from

the cavity beneath to the column-foot; column yellow-white with purple dots and margin, semiterete, 4

mm long, the foot vestigial, with a slender, incurved extension.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: above Valladolid, 30 Aug. 2003, flowered in cultivation Oct. 2007,

Venhuizen, the Netherlands, T. Sijm 230130 (Holotype of M. dubbeldamii : MO); C. Luer illustr. 21257.

This species is very similar to Masdevallia dalessandroi Luer & Hirtz, differ¬

ing mostly in the labellum. Although probably of little consequence, the leaves of

M. dubbeldamii are broad and obtuse, while those of M. dalessandroi are narrow

and acute. The sepals and petals are of similar size, shape and color, but the lip

of M. dubbeldamii is rhombic while that of M. dalessandroi is elliptical. In addi¬

tion, the margins of the lip of M. dubbeldamii are minutely crisped and undulate,

and markedly constricted below the apex to create a terminal lobule.

Masdevallia parsonsii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Ronald L. Parsons, Jr., of Daly City, California, who cultivates this species.

Inter species Masdevalliae subsectionis Caudatae planta mediocris caespitosa, pedunculo folio

multilongiore, sepalis albis roseo suffusis, sepalo dorsali concavo antrorso, petalorum processo late

triangulari acuto, et labello late oblongo distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2 cm long,

enclosed by a loose, tubular sheath. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 6.5 cm long including the

petiole ca. 3 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 1.7 cm wide, cuneate below

into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 11-12 cm long,

with a bract near the base, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 10-11 mm long;

pedicel 15 mm long; ovary 9 mm long; sepals white, suffused with rose centrally, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal obovate, concave, 15 mm long, 9 mm wide, with the margins cellular erose, connate to the later¬

al sepals for 2 mm to form a gaping flower, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender,

yellowish tail 3 cm long, the lateral sepals expanded, ovate, subacute, oblique, 10 mm long, 7 mm

wide, connate 2 mm, the apices contracted into slender tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals

white, oblong-triangular, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, minutely apiculate, the label-

lar margin with a broadly triangular, acute, retrorse wing with a thickened margin; lip white, dotted

with rose, broadly oblong, 5.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex rounded with a purple, midline cal¬

lus, the disc superficially channeled, the base subtruncate, thickened, hinged beneath; column white,

semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot with a broad, incurved extension.

COLOMBIA: without collection data, obtained from a Colombian collector, in 2004, flowered in cultiva¬

tion by Ron Parsons s.n. in Daly City, California, April 2008, C. Luer 21302 (Holotype of M. parson¬

sii: MO).

With purplish sepals, this species is reminiscent of the Peruvian Masdevallia

cloesii Luer, differing most obviously in the great length of the peduncles that

carry the flower well above the leaves. Morphologically, the sepals of both spe¬

cies are superficially similar to the orange sepals of M. mandarina Luer &

R.Escobar. The sepals of M. parsonsii are white and suffused with rose centrally

on the dorsal sepal and toward the base of the lateral sepals. The petals of are

distinguished by an acute, retrorse, triangular wing, and the lip of is broadly ellip¬

tical and featureless except for being thickened at the base.

Spilotantha tonsijmii Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Ton Sijm of Venhuizen, the Netherlands, who collected this species.

Species haec Spilotanthae melanopodis (Rchb.f.) Luer affinis, sed sepalorum tubo proportione

longiore ad aperturam constricto, et labello angustiore differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5 cm long, enclosed

by a loose, tubular sheath. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 8 cm long including the petiole ca.

2 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 0.7 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the pe-

242

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

tiole. Inflorescence an erect, simultaneously 3- to 5-flowered raceme, 3-5 cm long, borne by the

peduncle ca. 7 cm long, with a bract near the middle, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bract

oblique, acute, 4 mm long; pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 2 mm long; sepals light green, sparsely marked

with dark purple, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, concave, curved, 7 mm long excluding the tail, 3

mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the apex continuous with the thick tail 6 mm long, dirty purple above

the middle, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm into a curved tube, constricted at the bases of the

tails, the lateral sepals connate 7 mm into a curved, concave lamina, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 6-

veined, the apices continuous into thick, terete tails 6 mm long; petals white, translucent, oblong, 3.5

mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex truncate with a central, triangular apiculum, the margins minutely

fringed, with a longitudinal carina within the labellar margin terminating in an obtuse, triangular

process at the base; lip yellow, flecked with dark purple, narrowly ovate, 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide,

with a pair of thin, longitudinal wings on the middle third overlying the margins, the distal third

narrowly oblong, minutely denticulate, narrowly obtuse at the tip, the disc with a shallow, longitudinal

channel, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column green, spotted with dark purple, semiterete, 3

mm long, the foot with a 1.5 mm long.

ECUADOR: Loja: near El Cisne, collected by Antonius Sijm, cultivated in Venhuizen, the Netherlands,

by A.P. Sijm s.n. (Holotype of S. tonsijmii : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21307.

This species is another of several of the genus Spilotantha that occurs in the

seemingly semi arid southwestern Ecuador. It is similar to Spilotantha melanopus

(Rchb.f.) Luer, but it is distinguished from the latter by a proportionately longer

sepaline tube that is constricted at the orifice at the bases of thick, terete tails.

The oblong petals are basically similar with minutely denticulate margins and a

triangular tip at the truncate apex, and the marginal folds of the narrowly ovate lip

overlap the middle third.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

243

Plate 701. Masdevallia parsonsii

Plate 702. Spliotanthatonsijmii

244

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ADDENDA: NEW SPECIES OF LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

The following 16 species described

presently known from Ecuador to 323.

Lepanthes bipollicaris Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes calophlebia Luer & Thoerle

Lepanthes chinapintae Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes cirrata Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes crucis Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes laxifiora Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes pelorostele Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes pretiosa Luer & Hirtz

new bring the total number of species

Lepanthes quasimodo Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes rubrolineata Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes stellaris Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes thoracica Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes thysanota Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes tortuosa Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes velosa Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes zanklopetala Luer & Hirtz

Lepanthes bipollicaris Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin bipollicaris, "with two thumbs," referring to the midlobes of the petals.

Planta parva, racemo congesto folio ovato breviore, sepalis camosis carinatis, sepalo dorsali late

ovato obtuso, sepalis lateralibus subacutis semiconnatis uninervis, petalis transverse oblongo cum lobo

laterali pollicari, labello bilaminato laminis parvis subcircularibus distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls proportionately stout, erect, 4-7 mm

long, enclosed by 6-7 microscopically papillose, lepanthiform sheaths with oblique ostia. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, ovate, acute, 20-25 mm long, 9-14 mm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole 2 mm

long. Inflorescence a congested, successively many-flowered raceme to 12 mm long, borne behind

the leaf by a slender peduncle 2 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicel 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm

long; flowers yellow; sepals fleshy, carinate, entire, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly

acuminate, 2 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, connate 1 mm

into a bifid lamina 2 long, 2.2 mm wide, 1-veined; petals transversely oblong, glabrous, bilobed, 0.5

mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the lobes oblong with rounded ends, the upper lobe slightly larger than the

lower lobe rounded, with a marginal lateral lobe 0.2 mm long between the lobes; lip bilaminate,

glabrous, fleshy, the blades subcircular, 0.9 mm long, the connectives broad, continuous with the tips

of the blades, the body broad, thick, connate to the base of the column, with a minutely oblong, micro¬

scopically ciliate appendix; column terete, 1 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Azuay: east of Cuenca, above Cumbe, alt. 2800 m, 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A.

Hirtz 19739 (Holotype of L. bipollicaris : MO).

This species, apparently endemic at a high altitude in southeastern Ecuador, is

not remarkable with a small habit, ovate leaves, and a short, congested, small-

flowered raceme. The floral parts are fleshy and glabrous, the dorsal sepal being

obtuse and the laterals semiconnate and acute. A small, thumb-like lateral lobe is

present between the obtuse lobes of the petals. The blades of the tiny lip are

rounded and continuous with the connectives. The minute appendix is oblong and

microscopically ciliate.

Lepanthes calophlebia Luer & Thoerle, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek calophlebius, "beautifully veined," referring to the reticulated leaves.

Planta perpusilla, racemo folio transverse ovato reticulato longiore, sepalis rubris denticulatis

ovatis acutis, petalorum lobo superiore oblique oblongo obtuso, lobo inferiore multiminore triangulari

acuto, labelli laminis oblongis acutis carinatis corpore angusto, appendice pedunculata capitulo fissura-

ta distinguitur.

. LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

245

Plant very small, vigorous, floriferous, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

erect to suberect, 15-20 mm long, enclosed by 6 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths with oblique

ostia. Leaf suberect, thinly coriaceous, reticulated, suffused with purple along the branching veins,

transversely ovate, broadly obtuse, minutely mucronate, 8 mm long, 8.5-9 mm wide, the base abruptly

contracted into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence 1-2 loose, successively flowered racemes to 20

mm long with a peduncle 5-10 mm long, borne from beneath the leaf; floral bracts 1-1.25 mm long,

minutely ciliate; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary curved, less than 1 mm long; sepals membranous, bright

red, finely denticulate or ciliate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined,

the lateral sepals connate 0.5 mm at the base, ovate, oblique, acute, narrowly acuminate at the tip, 4

mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined; petals similarly bright red, transversely and obliquely bilobed, the

upper lobe ovate, obtuse, concave, glabrous, 1.6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, the lower lobe obliquely

narrowly triangular, acuminate, acute, 1 mm long medially, 0.5 mm long exteriorly; lip also bright

red, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades oblong, abruptly acute, carinate, 2 mm long, the connectives

narrowly oblique, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, the appendix pedunculate with

the terminal head cleft and microscopically pubescent; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal,

the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: collected by D. D'Alessandro, Oct. 2001, flowered in cultivation in

Little Compton, RI, by L Thoerle s.n. (Holotype of L calophlebia : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21261.

This tiny, freely flowering gem, apparently endemic in southermost Ecuador,

is characterized by slender ramicauls with about six narrow, lepanthiform sheaths.

From beneath minute, rose-reticulated leaves that are broader than long, succes¬

sively flowered racemes produce a shower of proportionately large, bright red

flowers. The sepals are acute and minutely denticulate; the upper lobe of the

petals is ovate, obtuse and conspicuous while the much smaller lower lobe is

acutely triangular; the blades of the lip are carinate with narrowly oblique connec¬

tives, and a pedunculated appendix suspended beneath.

Lepanthes cirrata Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin cirratus, "like a tendril," referring to the slender, twisted tip of the leaf.

Species haec Lepanthidis tortilis Luer & Hirtz affinis, floribus majoribus, sepalis ciliatis, petalis

minutissime pubescentibus cum lobo inferiore lineari, et labelli laminis glabris differt.

Plant small, weak, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls suberect to drooping, very

slender, 9 cm long, enclosed by 10-12 closely fitting, glabrous lepanthiform sheaths, the ostia micro¬

scopically ciliate. Leaf thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptical, 22 mm long excluding the prolonged

apex, 15 mm wide, the apex obtuse, contracted into a slender, twisted segment 10 mm long, the base

broadly cuneate into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, distichous, successively several-

flowered raceme up to 7 mm long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle 8-10 mm long;

floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, ciliate,

the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, 4 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1

mm, the lateral sepals connate 2 mm into an ovate, bifid lamina with acute apices, 4 mm long, 3 mm

wide, 4-veined; petals brown, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 5.3 mm

wide, the upper lobe ovate, acute, 2.3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the lower lobe linear, acute, 3 mm long,

0.5 mm wide; lip dark rose, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades thin, ovate, round at the base, acute at

the tip, 1.5 mm long, the connectives oblong-cuneate, the body connate to the base of the column, the

sinus occupied by an ovoid, concave, minutely ciliate appendix with a small, flexibly incurved apical

segment; column 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, forked, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Imbabura: near Lita, collected and cultivated by Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, flowered in

cultivation 7 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19831 (Holotype of L. cirrata : MO).

This species and the closely related Lepanthes tortilis Luer & Hirtz are appar¬

ently endemic in an area of relatively low altitude in northwesterm Ecuador. It

differs from the latter by larger flowers; ciliate sepals; microscopically pubescent,

instead of long-pubescent petals; narrowly linear lower lobes of the petals, instead

of triangular and curved; and glabrous, instead of pubescent blades of the lip.

Both species are distinguished by a tendril-like prolongation of the tip of the

leaves.

246

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes chinapintae Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for the community of Chinapinta in the Cordillera del Condor, near where the spe¬

cies was collected.

Planta parva mediocrisque caespitosa, racemo congesto folio elliptico acuto breviore, sepalis

glabris acutis acuminatis, sepalo dorsali anguste ovato, seplis lateralibus in synsepalum latum bifidum

connatis, petalis transversel bilobis cum lobuli marginale, et labelli laminis ellipticis convexis cum

appendice dense villosa distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 4-7 cm long, enclosed by 9-10

ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths, widely dilated at the ostia. Leaf coriaceous, ovate, acute, acuminate, 3-

4.5 cm long, 1.4-1.7 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a congest¬

ed, successively flowered raceme borne behind the leaf by a filiform peduncle 10 mm long; floral

bracts 1 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals light yellow, glabrous,

carinate, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute, acuminate, 6 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 3-veined, thick¬

ened at the base, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals connate 4 mm into a broad¬

ly ovate, bifid lamina, 7 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, 4-veined, the apices acute, acuminate; petals cellu¬

lar-pubescent, transversely bilobed, with a marginal, lobelike protrusion between the lobes, 1 mm

long, 4 mm wide, the upper lobe white, suffused with purple medially, obliquely oblong, obtuse, 2.5

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lower lobe yellow, narrowly oblong beyond a widened base, 1.75 mm

long, 1.5 mm wide at the base; lip yellow with purple edges, minutely pubescent, bilaminate, the

blades narrowly elliptical, convex, rounded at the ends, 1.5 mm long, the connectives broadly cuneate,

the body narrow, connate to the column at the base, the appendix ovate, sessile, densely villous;

column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, alt. 1500 m, collected by and flowered in

cultivation at Ecuagenera, 4 March 2001, C. Luer 19653 (Holotype of L. chinapintae : MO).

This species, not remarkably distinct vegetatively with an ovate leaf and a

short, congested raceme, is remarkable for its comparatively large, colorful flow¬

ers. The dorsal sepal is ovate and sharply acute, and the broadly ovate synsepal is

twice as wide with acuminate tips of the sepals. The margin of the transversely

lobed petals is protuberant and rounded between the lobes; the blades of the lip are

convex and minutely pubescent; and the appendix is ovoid and densely villous.

Lepanthes crucis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin crux, crucis, "of a cross," referring to the crossed upper lobes of the petals.

Planta parva, racemo sublaxo folio elliptico longiore, sepalis integris, sepalo dorsali ovato acuto

concavo, sepalis lateralibus acutis supra medium connatis convexis, petalis minutissime pubescentibus

lobis superioribus anguste oblongis decussatis lobis inferioribus triangularibus labello bilaminato lami¬

nis minutissime pubescentibus ovatis cum appedici triangulari distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5.5 cm long, en¬

closed by 5-7 ciliated, lepanthiform sheaths with obliquely dilated ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellip¬

tical, subacute, 15-17 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 3 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a sublax, successively several-flowered raceme to 35 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a

slender peduncle 10-15 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals yellow, entire, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, 6 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the

lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, connate 3 mm into a bifid lamina 6 long, 4 mm wide, 4-veined;

petals dark yellow, transversely bilobed, oblique, 4.5 mm wide, 1-veined, minutely pubescent, the

upper lobe narrowly oblong, round at the tip, 0.5 mm long, 3 mm long. 0.5 mm wide, the lobes cross¬

ing above the lip, the lower lobe triangular, acute, 1.5 mm long and wide; lip yellow with brown

margin, bilaminate, convex, minutely pucescent, the blades ovate, round at the ends, 2 mm long, the

connectives basal, oblong, the body broad, thick, connate to the base of the column, with an external,

triangular appendix; column terete, 2 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Azuay: Solado, Molleturo, southwest of Cuenca, collected and cultivated by Ecuagenera,

4 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19640 (Holotype of L crucis : MO).

This species, apparently endemic in southwestern Ecuador, is distinguished by

small, elliptical leaves borne by proportionately longer ramicauls and a sublaxly

flowered raceme exceeding, but not twice as long as the leaf. The flowers are

proportionately large with a concave dorsal sepal, a convex synsepal, and narrow¬

ly oblong lobes of the petals that cross above the lip.

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

247

Lepanthes laxiflora Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin laxiflorus, "loosely flowered" referring to the raceme.

Planta parva, racemo laxifloro foliis ellipticis obtusis multilongiore, sepalis glabris lateralibus

obtusis, petalorum lobo superiore oblongo lobo inferiore triangulari, labelli laminis oblongis concavis,

appendice minuto triangulari distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 cm long,

enclosed by 6-7 glabrous lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 20-23 mm

long including a petiole 3-4 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a

loose, flexuous, distichous, successively flowered raceme up to 8 cm long including the filiform

peduncle 2-3 cm long, bearing 10-12 flowers; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.75 mm long;

ovary 1 mm long; sepals brown with green veins, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 8 mm long,

4 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, broad¬

ly obtuse, 7 mm long, each 2-veined, connate 5 mm into a bifid lamina 5 mm wide; petals yellow-

white with purple inner edge, cellular-pubescent, transversely bilobed, 1.25 mm long, 5 mm wide, the

upper lobes obliquely oblong, round at the tip, 3 mm long. 0.5 mm wide, the lower lobe triangular,

oblique, acute, 1.5 mm long and wide at the base; lip white with purple inner edge, microscopically

pubescent, bilaminate, the blades thick, oblong, concave, with the ends rounded, 2 mm long, the

connectives basal, oblong, forming an equally wide body with a minute, acute, triangular appendix in

the sinus; column 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east of Los Encuentros, collected by and

flowered in cultivation at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 5 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19670 (Holotype of L laxi¬

flora: MO).

This little species is known from only one collection in the Cordillera del

Condor. It is characterized by a long, loose, successively flowered raceme that

far exceeds the small, elliptical leaf in length. The dorsal sepal is acute, but the

laterals are deeply connate into a bifid lamina with broadly obtuse apices. The

upper lobes of the petals are oblong while the lower lobes are acutely triangular.

The blades of the lip are oblong, thick and concave, and are borne by basal collec¬

tives with a tiny, triangular appendix in the sinus.

Lepanthes pelorostele Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek peloros , "huge," and stele , "column," referring to the imposing column.

Planta parva, racemo laxove congesto longipedicellato folio ovato longuore, sepalis angustissime

triangularibus, petalis minutissime trifurcatis, labello minutissime trilobato, columna tereti proportione

multimajori distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 cm long, enclosed

by 8-9 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths with oblique apices. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous,

elliptical-ovate, 9-11 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflor¬

escence an erect to arching, successive, loose to congested, many-flowered raceme 10 mm or more

long, borne beyond the leaf by a peduncle 10-15 mm long, from the apex of the ramicaul at the base of the

leaf; floral bracts 0.75 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals free, white,

membranous, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, acute, 3.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 3-

veined at the base, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular, acute, carinate, 4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide,

2-veined at the base; petals purple, trilobed, the lobes filiform, minutely pubescent, the longest lobe

0.5 mm long, the next, 0.25 mm long, the third rudimentary lobe ca. 0.1 mm long at the base of the

petal; lip purple, minutely pubescent, trilobed, with lateral blades curved, hugging the under surface of

the column, 0.3 mm long, and an erect midlobe ca. 0.1 mm long, connate to the column ca. 0.2 mm

above the base; column terete, 2 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: El Jordan, north of San Pedro Vicente Maldonado, west of Los Cedros, alt.

400 m, 2002, A. Hirtz 8430 (Holotype of L. pelorostele : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21284.

The proportionately large, terete column of this species dwarfs the extremely

small petals and lip that cluster about its base. The narrowly triangular sepals that

surround the column are twice as long. The minute, thread-like petals are three-

lobed, but the midlobe is nearly microscopic. Hugging the undersurface of the

column near the base are the pair of curved lobes of the minute three-lobed lip,

while the third lobe stands erect at the point of bifurcation, probably analagous to

an appendix.

248 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthes pretiosa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin pretiosus , "precious," referring to the charm of this species.

Species haec Lepanthidis calodictyonis Hook, affinis, sed habitu minore, sepalis petalisque nonci-

liatis, petalorum lobo superiore oblongo retuso, lobo inferiore subrotundo cum cauda lineari, labello

bilobo integro, lobis obliquis rotundis differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 18-20 mm long,

enclosed by 5 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, green with

brown reticulation, broadly elliptical to circular, 10-12 mm long, 9 mm wide, the margins sinuate, the

apex rounded, the rounded base abruptly contracted into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a sub-

dense, successively few-flowered raceme up to 5 mm long, borne on top and beyond the tip of the leaf

by a peduncle 6 mm long; floral bracts 0.75 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary carinate, 2.5 mm

long; sepals translucent light yellow, glabrous, carinate, carinate, the dorsal sepal circular, with the

apex obtuse, shortly acuminate, 2.25 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, very shortly connate to the

lateral sepals, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, acuminate, acute, 2.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, connate

0.5 mm, 2-veined; petals purple, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.75 mm long, 2.75

mm wide, the upper lobe suboblong, retuse at the tip, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the lower lobe

obliquely subcircular, 0.4 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with a linear process 1 mm long from the inner

margin; lip purple, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed, 0.4 mm long, 1 mm wide, the

apices and bases rounded, shortly unguiculate, connate to the column above the base; column purple,

subclavate, 0.75 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: El Jordan, north of San Pedro Vicente Maldonado, west of Los Cedros, alt.

400 m, 2002, A. Hirtz 8431 (Holotype of L pretiosa : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21283.

This little species is allied to Lepanthes calodictyon Hook., but distinguished

by a smaller habit; non-ciliate sepals, petals and lip; an erect, oblong, upper lobe

of the petals with a retuse tip; a short, rounded, lower lobe with a one-millimeter-

long process from the inner margin; and a bilobed lip with rounded ends.

Lepanthes quasimodo Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Victor Hugo's character Quasimodo, alluding to the shape of the flower.

Species haec Lepanthes puhescenti Luer affinis, sed foliis sepalisque glabris, sepalis atropurpureis

synsepalo quam sepalo dorsali minore, et pedicelis columnaque glabris differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls suberect to horizontal,

comparatively stout, 5-9 cm long, enclosed by 10-13 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths, widely dilated at the

ostia. Leaf dark purple, coriaceous, ovate, acute, sulcate with the lateral halves convex, microscopical¬

ly cellular-glandular toward the apex, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm wide, the base cuneate into the

petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, secund, successively several-flowered raceme up to 10

mm long, borne along the sulcus by a filiform peduncle 8-12 mm long; floral bract 1.5 mm long,

sparsely ciliate; pedicel 2 mm long, not ciliate at the junction with the ovary; ovary 2-3 mm long,

glabrous; sepals dark purple with green edges, glabrous to the naked eye, but with microscopic,

marginal cilia, carinate externally, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, acuminate at the tip, 6 mm

long, 5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1.5 mm, the lateral sepals connate 1.5 mm

into a broadly ovate, obtuse lamina, 3 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 4-veined, abruptly contracted into

setiform tails 4 mm long in apposition; petals dull green long, glabrous, transversely bilobed, 1 mm

long, 4.5 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, round at the apex, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lower

lobe triangular, incurved, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip dull green, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades

narrowly oblong, obtuse, 2 mm long, obliquely concave dorsally, the connectives cuneate, the body

connate to the column at the base, the appendix transverse with a triangular central portion; column

2.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Morona Santiago: near Pangui, alt. 800 m, collected by and flowered in cultivation at

Ecuagenera, 4 March 2001, C. Luer 19649 (Holotype of L quasimodo : MO).

This species with dark purple leaves and flowers is related to Lepanthes pubes-

cens Luer but differs in having glabrous leaves and sepals, although microcopical-

ly some cells can be seen replacing cilia. Vegetatively it is similar with convex

halves of the leaves, sulcate between medially, where the short raceme lies. The

sepals are shorter and obtuse, but about the same width as those of L. pubescens.

The slender, linear tails of the lateral sepals are produced abruptly and in apposi¬

tion from the proportionately small, obtuse synsepal.

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

249

Lepanthes rubrolineata Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin rubrolineatus , "red-lined," referring to the red-striped lateral sepals.

Species haec Lepanthidis mammillatae Luer similis, sed sepalis elliptico-ovatis lateralibus rubro-

lineatis, petalorum lobis subtriangularibus et ad basim latioribus, labelli connectivis angustioribus et

appendice oblonga pubescenti differt.

Plant large, epiphytic, presumably caespitose, roots unknown. Ramicauls stout, erect, 17-19 cm

long, enclosed by up to 13 ribbed, microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coria¬

ceous, ovate, acute, acuminate, 7 cm long, 1.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole ca. 3 mm long.

Inflorescence 1-2 very congested, distichous, successively many-flowered racemes, up to 30 mm long,

borne behind the leaf by a peduncle 30-40 mm long; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long;

ovary 2 mm long; sepals cellular-pubescent, orange, suffused with red, the laterals suffused along the

midvein, entire, carinate externally, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined,

connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals elliptical, oblique, acute, 7 mm long, 3 mm

wide, 2-veined, connate 3 mm; petals red, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 4 mm wide, the lobes

triangular, widest at the base, the upper lobe slightly larger than the lower lobe; lip red, glabrous,

bilaminate, the blades ovate, with the bases rounded and the apices narrowly rounded, 1.5 mm long,

the connectives cuneate, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, with the appendix entire,

oblong, shallowly concave, pubescent; column 1.5 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: "Chigiiinda," alt. 1500 m, collected and cultivated by Ecuagenera,

Gualaceo, flowered in cultivation 2 Feb. 2002, A. Hirtz 8040 (Holotype of L. rubrolineata : MO), C.

Luer illustr. 21290.

This species from southeastern Ecuador is similar to Lepanthes mammillata

Luer of northwestern Ecuador. Vegetatively, they are inseparable with their tall,

stout ramicauls and ovate, acuminate leaf. The racemes of both species are very

congested and successively many-flowered, and their sepals are cellular-pubes¬

cent. The dorsal sepal of L. rubrolineata is narrowly connate at the base to the

lateral sepals, instead of broadly connate. The lobes of the petals of L. rubroline¬

ata are more or less triangular, being narrow at the tips, instead of more or less

oboblong and widest toward the tips. The lips of the two species are superficially

similar, but the connectives of L. rubrolineata are only half as wide, and the

anther of L. rubrolineata is distinctly larger.

Lepanthes stellaris Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin stellaris , "with stars," alluding to the star-like flowers.

Species haec Lepanthidis thylacis Luer & Hirtz similis, sed habitu majore, pedicelis longioribus,

sepalis longissime ovatis duplolongiore, petalorum margine ad medium incurvo vice angulato, labelli

laminis columnam amplexis, et appendice anguste lineari differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, presumably caespitose, roots unknown. Ramicauls slender, erect, 4-6 cm

long, enclosed by 5-6 ribbed, oblique, nondilated, microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf

erect, coriaceous, ovate, acute, 2.5-3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, the base broadly cuneate into a petiole ca.

3 mm long. Inflorescence 1-2 very congested, distichous, successively many-flowered racemes, up to

20 mm long, borne behind the leaf by a peduncle 8-10 mm long; floral bracts ciliate, 1 mm long;

pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals glabrous, yellow, carinate externally, the dorsal

sepal narrowly ovate, acute, 8 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate to the lateral sepals,

the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined; petals yellow-

orange, transversely bilobed, 1 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, the lobes triangular, obtuse, the upper lobe

slightly larger than the lower lobe, with the outer margin incurved at the midvein; lip purple, glabrous,

bilaminate, the blades oblong, with both ends rounded, 1.2 mm long, the connectives narrowly cu¬

neate, the body narrow, connate to the base of the column, with the appendix erect, narrowly linear,

pubescent at the tip; column 1.5 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Podocarpus, "San Luis," alt. 1800 m, collected and cultivated by

Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, flowered in cultivation 5 July 2002, A. Hirtz 8270 (Holotype of L stellaris :

MO), C. Luer illustr. 21291; same area, alt. 1500 m, collected and cultivated by Ecuagenera, Guala¬

ceo, flowered in cultivation 2 Feb. 2002, A. Hirtz 8105 (MO).

This species from southeastern Ecuador is similar to Lepanthes thylax Luer &

Hirtz, also of southeastern Ecuador. Vegetatively, L. stellaris is larger with

fewer, non-dilated lepanthiform sheaths. The racemes of both species are con-

250

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

gested and successively many-flowered, but the pedicels of L. stellaris are longer.

The sepals of both species are narrowly ovate and almost free from each other,

but those of L. stellaris are about twice as long and proportionately narrower.

The petals of L. thylax are obtusely angled on the outer margin at the level of the

midvein, while the margin of the petals of L. stellaris are incurved. The blades of

the lip of L. stellaris embrace the column, while those of L. thylax cover the

column. Most distinctive is the erect, narrowly linear appendix of L. stellaris.

Lepanthes thoracica Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek thoracion , "little thorax," referring to the raceme that looks like a rib-cage.

Planta parva, racemo congesto longipedicellato folio crasso angustissime lineari breviore, sepalis

ciliatis concavis ad apicem acuminatis, petalis transversis pubescentibus, labelli laminis crassis ellipti-

cis pubescentibus corpore lato ad margine crassopyramidali distinguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3-5 cm long, enclosed

by 6-7 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths with oblique long-attenuate apices. Leaf erect, rigid,

narrowly linear, acute, channeled, 3-5 cm long, 2 mm wide, ca. 1.25 mm thick, contracted below into

the base. Inflorescence an erect peduncle 5-10 mm long from the base of the leaf, bearing a congest¬

ed, long-pedicellate, successively flowered raceme to 10 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels

3.5- 4.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals membranous, color not yet reported, carinate, ciliate, the

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, obtuse, shortly acuminate, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals connate 1 mm at the base, ovate, oblique, acute, narrowly acuminate at the tip, 4 mm long, 2

mm wide, 2-veined; petals transversely bilobed, 3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong,

narrowly obtuse, densely pubescent, 1.75 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the lower lobe similar but slightly

smaller, incurved; lip densely pubescent, bilaminate, the blades elliptical-oblong, thick, obtuse at the

ends, 1.5 mm long, the connectives and the body broad, thick, the free margin of the body protruding,

thickly pyramidal, pubescent, connate to the base of the column; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the

anther apical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR; Pichincha: El Jordan, north of San Pedro Vicente Maldonado, west of Los Cedros, alt.

400 m, 2002, A. Hirtz 8432 (Holotype of L thoracica : MO).

Carchi: Rio Blanco, along new road between Carolina and Chical, alt. 1800 m, 10 Apr.

2007, A. Hirtz, L. Grobler et al. 9210 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 21269.

With its fishbone raceme, this small species is superficially similar to Lep¬

anthes cassidea Lindl. The raceme is crowded with long pedicels in two opposite

ranks, and borne by peduncles much shorter than the needle-like leaves. The

sepals, petals, and the blades of the lip are similar to those of L. cassidea , but the

free margin of broad body is thickly protuberant like a pubescent pyramid.

Lepanthes thysanota Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek thysanotos, "fringed," referring to the margins of the lateral sepals.

Planta mediocris prolificans, racemo laxe elongato, sepalo dorsali triangulari integro, et sepalis

lateralibus late ovatis uninervis fimbriatis brevicaudatis distinguitur.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, prolific; roots slender. Ramicauls comparatively stout, erect to

suberect, 8 cm long below, 2-4 cm long above, enclosed by 7-8, ribbed, minutely ciliate, lepanthiform

sheaths with minimally dilated ostia. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptical, subacute to rounded at the tip,

2.5- 3 cm long with a petiole 2-3 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, cuneate below to the base. Inflorescence an

erect, arching, lax, secund, successively many-flowered raceme to 17 cm or more long, with the

peduncle 3-6 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm

long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals membranous, dark yellow, suffused with brown, carinate, the dorsal

sepal triangular, subacute, shortly acuminate, 5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 3-veined, lightly connate to

the lateral sepals for 2 mm, the lateral sepals broadly ovate, oblique, 4 mm long, 5 mm wide, 1-

veined, concave and connate 1.5 mm below the column, with the margins fimbriate, with an acute, 1

mm long tail at the obtuse apices; petals dark yellow, microscopically pubescent, transversely bilobed,

oblong, 0.9 mm long, 2 mm wide, with rounded ends, the lobes oblong, the upper lobe slightly longer

than the lower lobe; lip dark yellow, glabrous, bilaminate, the blades elliptical-oblong, obtuse at the

base, acute at the tip, 2 mm long, the connectives and the body broad, with a minute, ciliate appendix,

connate to the base of the column; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the anther dorsal, the stigma ventral.

LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

251

ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: collected between Zamora and San Luis, alt. 1500 m, flowered in

cultivation at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, 10 Nov. 2001, A, Hirtz 7834 (Holotype of L thysanota : MO), C,

Luer illustr. 21287.

This species is distinct with superposed ramicauls that are relatively stout with

longitudinally ribbed, lepanthiform sheaths, and a gradually lengthening, success-

sively many-flowered raceme. The dark yellow flowers are remarkable with an

acuminate-tipped, smooth-margined dorsal sepal, and broad, single-veined lateral

sepals with a fringed margin and short, pointed tails.

Lepanthes tortuosa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin tortuosus, "twisted, complicated," referring to the margins of the leaves.

Species haec L calodictyonis Hook, affinis, sed foliorum marginibus tortuosis, sepalis angustiori-

bus, labelli lobo inferiore glabro integro sin processu et labello minutissime subcirculari non latiore

quam columna differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-28 mm long,

enclosed by 5-6 microscopically ciliate-pubescent, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous,

green with brown reticulation, elliptical, 12-18 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, the margins markedly si¬

nuate, the apex rounded, the rounded base abruptly contracted into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflores¬

cence a congested, distichous, successively several-flowered raceme up to 2 mm long, borne beside

the leaf by a peduncle 2 mm long; floral bracts 0.75 mm long; pedicels 1.75-2 mm long; ovary 1.5

mm long; sepals light yellow, reflexed, acute, carinate, the dorsal sepal obovate, convex, reflexed

90°, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals narrowly

ovate, oblique, 2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, barely connate, 2-veined; petals red, glabrous, trans¬

versely bilobed, 0.5 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the upper lobe acute with the apex contracted into an

erect, filamentous process 1 mm long, the lower lobe obliquely subcircular with the end rounded, 0.75

mm long, 0,5 mm wide; lip red, glabrous, subcircular, 0.4 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, the apex rounded,

the base rounded, connate to the base of the column; column red, subclavate, 1 mm long, the anther

apical, the stigma subapical.

ECUADOR: Pichinha: near Pacto, alt. 1200 m, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Oct. 2006, A. Hirtz

9174 (Holotype of L. tortuosa: MO), C. Luer illustr. 21273.

This little species is allied to Lepanthes calodictyon Hook., but distinguished

easily by an erect, elliptical, reticulated leaf with a markedly undulate-ruffled or

sinuate margin, and a short raceme of a successive, spindly flowers. The dorsal

sepal is acutely reflexed with the exposed column pointing forward. The upper

lobes of the petals are contracted into an erect pair of slender, parallel processes.

The lower lobe is short and rounded without a process. The lip is minute and

discoid, hidden beneath the column.

Lepanthes velosa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin velosus , "with veil," in allusion to the remarkable development of the lip.

Species haec Lepanthidis deformis Luer & Hirtz affinis, sed pedicilis longioribus, sepalis laterali-

bus acutis et appendice oblongo multimajore differt.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 3.5-4 cm long, en¬

closed by 6-7 blackish, tightly fitting, shortly pubescent-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, elliptical, 3-3.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, the apex obtuse, shortly acuminate, the base

broadly cuneate, contracted into a petiole 1.5-2 mm long. Inflorescence a very dense, distichous,

successively flowered raceme up to 10 mm long, borne beneath the leaf by a filiform peduncle 12-15

mm long; floral bracts slender, 1 mm long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals light

yellow, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 3.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined. con¬

nate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals connate 2 mm into a bifid lamina, 3.75 mm

long, 3 mm long, 4-veined; petals yellow with a red border, transversely bilobed, 1.5 mm long, 4.5

mm wide, 1-veined, the upper lobe oblong with rounded end, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 wide, the lower lobe

minutely ciliate, narrowly triangular, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip rose, bilaminate, the blades thickly

252

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

verruculose, cellular-papillose at the base, adherent beyond the base into a membranous, veil-like

lamina that is longitudinally microscopically vein-like, 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide covering the

column, the apical margin erose, the connectives narrowly oblong, connate into a narrow body with

the base of the column, the sinus occupied by an oblong appendix, 1 mm long, shallowly channeled,

pubescent, with an ovoid, minutely pubescent gland at the tip; column terete, 1.25 mm long, bent to

one side (the left in this specimen), the dorsal anther bed and stigma protruding beyond the veil.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: between Androas and Rio Guayallababa, west of San Miguel de los Bancos,

alt. 800 m, March 2004, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & H. Simbana 8693 (Holotype of L. velosa), C. Luer il-

lustr. 21304.

With its bent column behind a membranous, veil-like lip, this species is closely

related to Lepanthes deformis Luer & Hirtz, previously unique in the genus.

Otherwise, L. velosa is not distinct except for a densely distichous, long-

pedicellate raceme. The most unusual blades of the lip are borne by narrow

connectives that rise to either side of the shaft of the column. The bases of blades

that meet above the column are thick and verruculose. Abruptly beyond these

thick bases, the blades adhere and descend as an oblong, longitudinally vein-like,

membranous veil over the column. The column bends to expose the anther bed

and stigma beyond the margin of the veil. Also behind the veil is a long, oblong

appendix with a pubescent, apical gland.

Lepanthes zanklopetala Luer & Hirtz, sp, nov.

Ety.: From the Greek zanklon, "sickle," and petalon, "petal," referring to the lower lobe of the

petals.

Species haec Lepanthidis ankistrae Luer & Dressier affinis, sed habitu minore, sepalo dorsali

deflexo lateribus recurvis, petalorum lobo superiore oblongo oblique, lobo mediano parvo anguste

oblongo, lobo inferiore minore subfalcato ad apicem rotundo sed ad marginem oblique falcato,

labelli laminis ellipticis infra medium connatis, et appendice simile distimguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls very slender, erect, 3-4.5 cm long,

enclosed by 8-12 closely fitting, microscopically pubescent, lepanthiform sheaths with oblique, acu¬

minate ostia. Leaf erect, thin, softly coriaceous, ovate, acute, acuminate, 1.5-3 cm long, 1 cm wide,

the base rounded, contracted into a petiole ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence a very congested, succes¬

sively several-flowered raceme 3 mm or more long, borne on top of the leaf by a filiform peduncle ca.

12 mm long; floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 3.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals light yellow,

suffused with purple toward the base, glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly elliptical, obtuse, slightly

acuminate, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, deflexed with sides recurved, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5

mm, the lateral sepals connate 1.3 mm into a broadly ovate, bifid lamina, 2.5 mm long, 2.6 mm wide,

with the apices acute; petals dark yellow, microscopically pubescent, transversely trilobed, 0.75 mm

long, 2.5 mm wide, the upper lobe oblong, oblique, truncate with the margin minutely erose, 1.5 mm

long, 0.75 mm wide, the middle lobe narrowly oblong, 0.5 mm long, the lower lobe subfalcate, ob¬

lique, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the apex rounded with inner margin minutely uncinate; lip purple,

bilaminate, the blades elliptical, thin, flat, with rounded ends, 1.2 mm long, the inner halves adherent

medially over the column, microscopically pubescent, the connectives broadly cuneate, the body

connate to the column above the base, the sinus obtuse with a well-developed, oblong, concave, ciliate

appendix with a ciliate apical gland; column purple, stout, 2 mm long, with the anther dorsal and the

stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Pichincha: El Jordan, north of San Pedro Vicente Maldonado, west of Los Cedros, alt.

400 m, 2002, A. Hirtz 8433 (Holotype of L zanklopetala : MO), C. Luer illustr. 21282.

This species from lowland western Ecuador is related to Lepanthes ankistra

Luer & Dressier from western Panama. From the latter it differs in a smaller

habit with a deflexed dorsal sepal with recurved sides. The petals of both species

have a narrow middle lobe, a more or less truncate upper lobe, and a more or less

falcate lower lobe. The outer margin of the lower lobes of the petals of L. zank¬

lopetala are rounded instead of broadly uncinate, but the inner margins of both

species are minutely uncinate. The blades of the lip of L. zanklopetala are only

semiconnate, but the appendices of the two species are basically similar.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

253

Fig. 3. Lepanthes chinapintae

Fig. 4. Lepanthes cirrata

254

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

255

Fig. 9. Lepanthes quasimodo Fig. 10. Lepanthes rubrolineata

Fig. 11. Lepanthes stellaris

Fig. 12. Lepanthes thoracica

256

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 15. Lepanthes velosa

Fig. 16. Lepanthes zanklopetala

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

257

ADDENDA: MISCELLANEOUS NEW COMBINATIONS

New Combinations

The following new combinations need to be made:

Acianthera murex (Rchb.f.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis murex Rchb.f., Flora 48: 276, 1865.

Acianthera parahybunensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes parahybunensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 57, 1882.

Acronia truncata (Lindl.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis truncata Lindl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 355, 1836.

Oreophilus macroticus (Luer & Dalstrom) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes macrotica Luer & Dalstrom, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: Adden¬

da 3, 1996.

Oreophilus montis-rotundi (ROrtiz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes montis-rotundi P.Ortiz, Orquideologfa 20: 318, 1997.

The genus Panmorphia Luer, as proposed in leones 28, contains species of various shapes and

sizes, as reflected in its name. After further reviewing hundreds of illustrations of Brazilian species, it

becomes apparent that Panmorphia grades into Anathallis Barb.Rodr. As understood today, a general

description of Anathallis is broadly inclusive: the habit varies from caespitose to repent; the ramicaul

varies from much shorter than, to longer than the leaf; the leaf is conspicuously, to scarcely petiolate,

never sessile; the inflorescence is lateral, never terminal; the sepals are more or less membranous

without keels, free, but the lateral sepals are occasionally partially to completely connate; the petals are

longer than wide, glabrous to ciliate or pubescent, but neither lacerate nor lobed; the lip is more or less

oblong, often with lateral lobes, the disc is often channeled, the base is often delicately bilobulate, and

it is delicately hinged to the column-foot; the column is semiterete, often with marginal wings, with the

apex hooded and often toothed or lacerate, and the anther is always ventral.

Some of the above criteria also apply to other genera, but each is distinguished by an additional

morphological feature, or a combination of features. Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas differs in more or

less fleshy sepals with keels, with the lateral sepals connate. The lips are usually thick with a pair of

calli, similar to those of the lips of Acianthera Schweidw., and without membranous, basal lobules.

Species not already transferred to Anathallis follow.

Anathallis angulosa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis angulosa Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 146, 1996.

Syn.: Panmorphia angulosa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

146, 2006.

Anathallis articulata (Lindl.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis articulata Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.): 83, 1842.

Anathallis burzlaffiana (Luer & Sijm) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis burzlaffiana Luer & Sijm, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 3: 43, 2001.

Syn.: Panmorphia burzlaffiana (Luer & Sijm) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

149, 2006.

Anathallis caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis caudatipetala C.Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 175, 1942.

Syn.: Panmorphia caudatipetala (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

105: 150, 2006.

Anathallis duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis duplooyi Luer & Sayers. Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 3: 48, 2001.

Syn.: Panmorphia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

153, 2006.

Anathallis escalarensis (Camevali & Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis escalarensis Camevali & Luer, Novon 13: 414, 2003.

Syn.: Panmorphia escalarensis (Camevali & Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

105: 154, 2006.

Anathallis fastigiata (Luer & Toscano) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis fastigiata Luer & Toscano, Selby ana 23(2): 186, 2002.

Syn.: Panmorphia fastigiata (Luer & Toscano) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

105: 177, 2006.

258

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Anathallis fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis fractiflexa Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 26, 1930.

Syn.: Anathallis corynophora (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 248, 2001.

Syn.: Panmorphia fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot.

Gard. 105: 154, 2006.

Anathallis francesiana (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis francesiana Luer, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 4: 14, 2003.

Syn.: Panmorphia francesiana (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 155,

2006.

Anathallis funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes funerea Barb.Rodr., Vellosia, ed. 2, 1: 118, 1891.

Syn.: Panmorphia funerea (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 156,

2006.

Anathallis grayumii (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis grayumii Luer, Lindleyana 11: 78, 1996.

Syn.: Panmorphia grayumii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 157,

2006.

Anathallis guimaraensii (Brade) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis guimaraensii Brade, Orquidea (Rio de Janeiro) 6: 12, 1943, as "guimaraensii."

Syn.: Acianthera guimaraensii (Brade) F.Barros, Bradea 8(43): 294, 2002.

Anathallis herpethophyton (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis herpethophyton Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 52, 1929.

Syn.: Panmorphia herpethophyton (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

158, 2006.

Anathallis holstii (Camevali & I.Ramirez) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis holstii Camevali & I.Ramirez, Emstia 39: 18, 1986.

Syn.: Panmorphia holstii (Camevali & I.Ramirez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

105: 159, 2006.

Anathallis humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis humilis C.Schweinf., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 185, 1951.

Syn.: Panmorphia humilis (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 160,

2006.

Anathallis imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis imberbis Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 163, 1996.

Syn.: Panmorphia imberbis (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

160, 2006.

Anathallis inversa (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis inversa Luer & R.Vasquez, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 3: 50, 2001.

Syn.: Panmorphia inversa (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.

161: 146, 2006.

Anathallis jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis jamaicensis Rolfe, J. Bot. 47: 122, 1909.

Syn.: Panmorphia jamaicensis (Rolfe) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 162,

2006.

Anathallis kuhniae (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis kuhniae Luer, Selbyana 3: 130, 1976.

Syn.: Panmorphia kuhniae (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 163, 2006.

Anathallis laciniata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis laciniata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid 1: 14, 1877.

Syn.: Panmorphia laciniata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

177, 2006.

Anathallis lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis lasioglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 59, 1921.

Syn.: Panmorphia lasioglossa (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 164,

2006.

Anathallis limbata (Cogn.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas. Pleurothallis limbata Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 485, 1896.

Syn.: Panmorphia limbata (Cogn.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 177,

2006.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

259

Anathallis lobiserrata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes lobiserrata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 2: 63, 1882, as "lobisserrata ".

Syn.: Pleurothallis lobiserrata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn., FI. Bras. 3(4): 438, 1896.

Syn.: Panmorphia lobiserrata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

177, 2006.

Anathallis mazei (Urb.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis mazei Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 104, 1917, replaced name for

Pleurothallis elegantula Cogn., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belique 43: 308, 1907.

Syn.: Panmorphia mazei (Urb.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 165, 2006.

Anathallis millipeda (Luer) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis millipeda Luer, Orquideologfa 20: 216, 1996.

Syn.: Panmorphia millipeda (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 166,

2006.

Anathallis minima (C.Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis minima C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 82, 1935.

Syn.: Panmorphia minima (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 167,

2006.

Anathallis nanifolia (Foldats) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis nanifolia Foldats, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 22: 258, 1961.

Syn.: Panmorphia nanifolia (Foldats) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 169,

2006.

Anathallis ordinata (Luer & Dodson) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Specklinia ordinata Luer & Dodson, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 61, 2006.

Anathallis petropolitana (Hoehne) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis petropolitana Hoehne, Arch. Inst. Biol. (S |=o Paulo) 3: 296, 1930.

Syn.: Panmorphia petropolitana (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

177, 2006.

Anathallis rabei (Foldats) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis rabei Foldats, Acta. Bot. Venez. 3: 387, 1968.

Syn.: Panmorphia rabei (Foldats) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 171, 2006.

Anathallis recurvipetala (Barb.Rodr.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Lepanthes recurvipetala Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 2: 62: 1882.

Syn.: Panmorphia recurvipetala (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

177, 2006.

Anathallis reptilis (Luer & Dalstrom) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis reptilis Luer & Dalstrom, Lindleyana 11: 183, 1996.

Syn.: Panmorphia reptilis (Luer & Dalstrom) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

172, 2006.

Anathallis ricii (Luer & R.Vasquez) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis ricii Luer & R.Vasquez, Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 1(2): 14, 1997.

Syn.: Panmorphia ricii (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

173, 2006.

Anathallis rubrolimbata (Hoehne) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis rubrolimbata Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado S f=o Paulo n.s., 2: 22, 1946.

Syn.: Panmorphia rubrolimbata (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

177, 2006.

Anathallis sanchezii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis sanchezii Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23: 36, 2002.

Syn.: Panmorphia sanchezii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

173, 2006.

Anathallis seriata (Lindl.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis seriata Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26: Misc. 75, 1840.

Syn.: Panmorphia seriata (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 174, 2006.

Anathallis spiculifera (Lindl.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis spiculifera Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 43, 1859.

Syn.: Specklinia spiculifera (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259, 2001.

Anathallis steinbuchiae (Camevali & G.A.Romero) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis steinbuchiae Camevali & G.A.Romero, Novon 4: 90, 1994.

Syn.: Panmorphia steinbuchiae (Camevali & G.A.Romero) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 105: 176, 2006.

260

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Anathallis tigridens (Loefgr.) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis tigridens Loefgr., Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 56, 1918.

Syn.: Panmorphia tigridens (Loefgr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 177,

2006.

Anathallis vitorinoi (Luer & Toscano) Luer & Toscano, comb. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallis vitorinoi Luer & Toscano, Selbyana 23(2): 195, 2002.

Syn.: Panmorphia vitorinoi (Luer & Toscano) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105:

177, 2006.

CORRIGENDA

Stelis patens Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 19, 2002.

Morona-Santiago: west of Macas, new road to Guamote, junction of Rio Colombo and Rio Upano,

alt. 1600 m, 1 Mar. 2001, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 19592 (Holotype of S. patens : MO).

Due to an oversight, another collection, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5375 , was

erroneously cited also as a holotype. [Napo: Rio Jatunyacu, above Shandia, alt.

650 m, 12 Aug. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5375 (holotype: MO), C. Luer il-

lustr. 20059.]

Stelis polyantha Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 167,

2004.

Imbabura: forest along the new road west of Otavalo, alt. 3000 m, 7 Feb. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.

Hirtz & R. Escobar 3881 (Holotype: SEL).

The deposition of the holotype was erroneously published as MO.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

261

INDEX TO SPECIES OF STELIS OF ECUADOR

Stelis abbreviata Part 3, 16, Fig. 222.

abdita Part 4, 48, Fig. 307.

abrapta = purpurea

acaroi Part 2, 140,

Fig. 128.

acicularis = argentata

aclyda Part 4, 126, Fig. 348.

acrisepala Part 2, 140, Fig. 129.

acuifera Part 4, 126.

acuminata Part 2, 141, Fig. 130.

acutilabia Part 1, 9, Fig. 5.

acutissima = purpurea

acutula Part 1, 79, Fig. 93.

adinostachya Part 3, 16, Fig. 223.

adrianae Part 1, 36, Fig. 37.

aequoris Part 4, 49, Fig. 308.

aembyae Part 2, 141, Fig. 131.

aglochis Part 4, 127, Fig. 349.

aliquantula Part 3, 17, Fig. 224.

allenii Part 4, 49, Fig. 309.

alpina = purpurea

altemans Part 2, 142, Fig. 132.

amabilis Part 3, 17, Fig. 225.

amoena = ascendens

anderssonii Part 3, 18, Fig. 226.

andreettae Part 1, 37, Fig. 39.

ann-jesupiae Part 1, 9, Fig. 6.

anolis Part 4, 127, Fig. 350.

anthracina Part 1, 10, Fig. 7.

aperta Part 4, 95, Fig. 343.

aphidifera Part 3, 18, Fig. 227.

apiculata Lindl. = pusilla

apiculifera Part 4 , 128, Fig. 351.

applanata Part 1, 10, Fig. 8.

aprica Part 4, 129, Fig. 352.

arevaloi = lamellata

argentata Part 4, 130, Fig. 353., 353a., 353b

ascendens Part 1, 36, Fig. 38. as amoena

asplundii Part 3, 19, Fig. 228.

atra Part 4, 133. Fig, 152a.

atrocaerulea Part 3, 19, Fig. 229.

atropurpurea = ciliaris

atroviolacea Part 4, 134.

attenuata Part 4, 134.

aviceps Part 4, Fig. 310., 310a.

azuayensis Part 4 , 135, Fig. 354.

bangii = muscifera

barbata = microchila

barbellata Part 1, 38, Fig. 41.

barbicollis = discolor

barbimentosa Part 3 , 20, Fig. 230.

benzingii Part 1, 38, Fig. 42.

bermejoensis Part 2, 142, Fig. 133.

bicarinata Part 1, 39, Fig. 43.

bicolor Part 2, 143, Fig. 134.

bicomis Part 4, 51, Fig. 311.

biserrula Part 4, 53, Fig. 312.

bivalvis Part 1, 11, Fig. 9.

bolivarensis Part 1, 11, Fig. 10.

bovilinguis Part 2, 118, Fig. 102.

braccata Part 4 , 135, Fig. 355.

brachiata Part 1, 12, Fig. 11.

brachyrachis Part 2, 143, Fig. 135.

brevilabris Part 1, 82, Fig. 99. as serpens

brevissimicaudata Part 3, 20, Fig. 231.

bryophila = microchila

buccella Part 2, 121, Fig. 106.

bucculenta Part 3, 10, Fig. 214.

buxiflora Part 2, 194, Fig. 198.

cajanumae Part 2, 122, Fig. 107.

calantha Part 2, 144, Fig. 136.

callicentrum = pusilla

calolemma Part 2, 144, Fig. 137.

calothece Part 1, 57, Fig. 78.; Part 4,

136. as porphorea

calyculata = lamellata

calyptrata Part 2, 145, Fig. 138.

capillipes = concinna

capitata Part 2, 145, Fig. 139.

capsula Part 2, 194, Fig. 199.

carchica Part 3, 21, Fig. 232.

carioi = purpurascens

caroliae Part 2, 146, Fig. 140.

carta Part 4, 137, Fig. 356.

cascajalensis = superbiens

catharinensis = aprica

cavernosa Part 2, 146, Fig. 141.

cavemula Part 3, 21, Fig. 233.

celsa Part 3, 22, Fig. 234.

chabreana = pusilla

chachapoyensis = oblongifolia

ciliaris Part 4, 138, Fig. 357.

ciliatissima Part 2, 147, Fig. 142.

ciliolata Part 2, 147, Fig. 143.

cinerea = microchila

cingens Part 2, 148, Fig. 144.

citrina = pusilla

clusaris Part 2, 148, Fig. 145.

coarctata Part 4, 139, Fig. 358.

coeliaca Part 1, 12, Fig. 12.

coelochila Part 2, 195, Fig. 200.

coleata Part 3, 22, Fig. 235.

columnaris Part 4, 140, Fig. 359.

complanata Part 4, 140, Fig. 360.

concinna Part 4, 141, Fig. 67a., 67b.

condorensis Part 2, 149, Fig. 146.

confusa = ciliaris

congesta Part 1, 39, Fig. 44.

connata = purpurea

copiosa Part 3, 23, Fig. 236.

coracina Part 3, 23, Fig. 237.

coralloides Part 1, 79, Fig. 94.

cordibracteata = truncata

comiculata Part 2, 122, Fig. 108.

coronaria Part 2, 149, Fig. 147.

costaricensis Schltr. = microchila

coturcoensis = oblongifolia

cotyligera Part 2, 150, Fig. 148.

creodantha Part 3, 24, Fig. 238.

crinita Part 3, 24, Fig. 239.

crossota Part 3 , 25, Fig. 240.

cryophila Part 3, 25, Fig. 241.

262

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis cryptochila = aviceps

cryptopetala = schomburgkii

cuencana Part 1, 44, Fig. 53.; Part 4, 142.

cupuligera = purpurea

curvata = purpurascens

cuspidilabia = hymenantha

cutucuensis Part 1, 40, Fig. 45.

cyathiformis Part 2, 150, Fig. 149.

dactyloptera Part 4, 54, Fig. 313.

dalessandroi Part 1, 40, Fig. 46.

dalstroemii Part 1, 41, Fig. 47.

dazae = pusilla

debilis Part 4, 143, Fig. 361.

declivis Part 4, 143, Fig. 362.

decurva Part 2, 151, Fig. 150.

delhierroi Part 2, 123, Fig. 109.

delicata Part 3, 26, Fig. 243.

densiflora = purpurea

depauperata Part 3 , 31, Fig. 253. as graminosa;

Part 4, 55, Fig. 353a.

dialissa Part 4, 56, Fig. 314., 314a.

digitata Part 1, 13, Fig. 13.

dimidiata Part 3, 27, Fig. 244.

dirigens Part 1, 41, Fig. 48.

discoidea Part 2, 151, Fig. 151.

discolor Part 4, 144, Fig. 363.

discophylla Part 4, 145, Fig. 364.

dispar = atra

dissimulans Part 3, 27, Fig. 245.

distans Part 1, 42, Fig. 49.

disticha Part 4, 145, Fig. 365.

diversifolia Part 3, 28, Fig. 246.

dodsonii = oblomga

dolichantha Part 3, 28, Fig. 247.

donaxopetala Part 4, 146, Fig. 366.

drewii Part 3, 29, Fig. 248.

dromadarina Part 1, 14, Fig. 14.

ecallosa = vulcani

elatissima Part 3, 29, Fig. 249.

elegantula = pusilla

elongata Part 4, 57, Fig. 315., 315a.

elongatissima Part 1, 43, Fig. 51.

embreei Part 1, 14, Fig. 15.

encephalota Part 3, 4, Fig. 206.

endocharis = purpurea

endresii = argentata

entrichota Part 3, 30, Fig. 250.

epibator Part 2, 152, Fig. 152.

esmeraldae Part 2, 152, Fig. 153., 153a.

espinosae Part 4, 146, Fig. 367.

eublepharis Part 4, 147, Fig. 368.

eumeces Part 3, 30, Fig. 251.

eustylis Part 3, 31, Fig. 252.

exacta Part 2, 153, Fig. 154.

exasperata Part 1, 43, Fig. 52.

excavata = cuencana

exigua Part 1, 80, Fig. 95.

exilis Part 1, 45, Fig. 54.

eximia = superbiens

exquisita Part 4, 148, Fig. 369.

fabulosa Part 2, 153, Fig. 155.

falcifera Part 1, 45, Fig. 55.

fasciculata = mononeura

ferax = tridentata

fimbriata = ciliaris

fissa = oblonga

fissurata Part 1, 15, Fig. 16.

flacca Part 4, 58, Fig. 316.

flagellaris Part 4, 148, Fig. 370.

flava Part 1, 15, Fig. 17.

flexilis Part 1, 16, Fig. 18.

flexuosa = concinna

flexuosissima Part 1, 46, Fig. 57.

floresii Part 1, 47, Fig. 58., 149.

florianii Part 1, 16, Fig. 19.

floribunda = oblonga

formosa Part 1, 47, Fig. 59.

fortis Part 2, 123, Fig. 110.

foveata Part 4, 150, Fig. 371.

frontinoensis Part 2, 132, Fig. 127. as venusta

fruticulus = truncata

fulva = purpurascens

galeola Part 1, 17, Fig. 20.

garayi = ciliaris

gastrodes Part 4, 59, Fig. 317.

gemma Part 4, 150, Fig. 372.

gemmulosa Part 2, 154, Fig. 156.

gentryi Part 2, 195, Fig. 201.

genychila Part 4, 97, Fig. 344.

gigantea = gigantissima

gigantissima Part 1, 48, Fig. 60., 151.

glaberrima Part 1, 48, Fig. 61.

gladiata = hallii

glanduligera Part 2, 154, Fig. 157.

glandulosa = argentata

globiflora Part 4, 59, Fig. 318.

globulifera Part 1, 49, Fig. 62.

glomerosa Part 4, 60, Fig. 319.

glossula Part 4, 60, Fig. 320.

glossulicles Part 3, 10, Fig. 215.

glumacea Part 4, 151, Fig. 373.

gonzaleziana = polybotrya

gracilispica = depauperata

graminea = pusilla

graminosa = depauperata

grandibracteata Part 4, 152, Fig. 374.

grandis = lindenii

guatemalensis Part 4, 61, Fig. 321., 321a.

gratiosa = ciliaris

guianensis Part 1 , 37, Fig 40.; Part 4, 152,

Fig. 40a.

hallii Part 3 , 50, Fig. 291. as stormii; Part 4,

151, Fig. 291a., 291b.

hallii var. atra = atra

haltonii Part 2, 155, Fig. 158.

hemicardia = purpurea

heylidiana = argentata

hians = velutinsa

hirta = hirtella

hirtella Part 4, 154, Fig. 375.

hirtzii Part 1, 7, Fig. 1.

hirtella 108, 109.

hispida Part 1, 80, Fig. 96.

hoeijeri Part 1, 49, Fig. 63.

huancabambae = purpurea

huebneri = argentata

humboldtina Part 2, 124, Fig. 111.

hydroidea Part 2, 155, Fig. 159.

hylophila Part 4, 155, Fig. 376.

hymenantha Part 4, 156, Fig. 377.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

263

Stelis hymenopetala Part 3, 32, Fig. 254.

imbricans Part 2, 156, Fig. 160.

immodica Part 2, 156, Fig. 161.

impostor Part 2, 157, Fig. 162.

inaequalis = glossula

inflata Part 3, 11, Fig. 216.

ingridiana Part 2, 124, Fig. 112.

insignis = oblongifolia

intonsa Part 2, 158, Fig. 163.

inversa = brevilabris

jamesonii Part 4, 157, Fig. 378., 378a.

janus Part 3, 32, Fig. 255.

jatunyacuensis Part 4, 62, Fig. 322.

jimburae Part 1, 50, Fig. 64.

jimenezii = ciliaris

juncea Part 1, 81, Fig. 97.

juninensis Part 4, 98, Fig. 345.

kentii Part 4, 158, Fig. 379.

koehleri = superbiens

kuijtii Part 1, 50, Fig. 65.

lacunata Part 3, 33, Fig. 256.

lamellata Part 4, 158, Fig. 380., 380a.

lanata Part 4, 160, Fig. 381.

lancea Part 4, 160, Fig. 382.

lanceolata Part 4, 161, Fig. 383.

langlassei Part 4, 63, Fig. 323., 323a., 323b.

lanuginosa Part 2, 158, Fig. 164.

lapoi Part 3, 11, Fig. 217.

latimarginata Part 2, 159, Fig. 165.

laudabilis Part 3, 4, Fig. 207.

lentiginosa Part 4, 161, Fig. 384.

lepidella Part 3, 33, Fig. 257.

leucopogon = superbiens

levicula Part 3, 34, Fig. 258.

liberalis Part 2, 159, Fig. 166.

lilliputana Part 3, 34, Fig. 259.

limbata Part 3, 35, Fig. 260.

limonensis Part 1, 51, Fig. 66. =

lindenii Part 4, 162, Fig. 385., 385a., 385b.

listrophylla Part 2, 125, Fig. 113.

litensis Part 3, 35, Fig. 261.

lloensis 202, excluded

lobata = elongata

loejtnantii Part 2, 160, Fig. 167.

longicuspis = pardipes

longihirta Part 1, 51, Fig. 67.

longissima Part 1, 52, Fig. 68.

lorenae Part 3, 36, Fig. 262.

loxensis Part 4, 163, Fig. 386.

lugoi Part 4, 164, Fig. 387.

luteola Part 2, 126, Fig. 114.

luteria Part 1, 17, Fig. 21.

lynniana Part 3, 5, Fig. 208.

macilenta Part 1, 52, Fig. 69.

macrocarpa = lanceolata

macrolemma Part 2, 160, Fig. 168.

madsenii Part 3, 36, Fig. 263.

majorella Part 4, 164, Fig. 388.

maloi Part 4, 165, Fig. 389.

mammillata Part 3, 37, Fig. 264.

manabina = nutans

maniola Part 2, 117, Fig. 101.

matula Part 1, 8, Fig. 3.

maxima Part 4, 64, Fig. 324.

maxonii = purpurascens

medinae Part 2, 161, Fig. 169.

megahybos = pusilla

megalocephala Part 4, 166, Fig. 390.

megaloglossa 42, 43, 45.

megalops Part 2, 161, Fig. 170.

melicoides = elongata

membranacea Part 2, 162, Fig. 171.

memorialis Part 2, 126, Fig. 115.

mendozae Part 2, 162, Fig. 172.

micacea Part 1, 53, Fig. 70.

micrantha Barb.Rodr, = aprica

micrantha Lindl. var. atropurpurea Part 4. 138.

microchila Part 4, 166, Fig. 391., 391a.

microglossa = aprica

micropetala Part 3, 37, Fig. 265.

microphylla = pusilla

miersii = aprica

milagrensis Part 3, 38, Fig. 266.

millei = lamellata

millenaria Part 2, 163, Fig. 173.

minimiflora = braccata

minuta = pusilla

minutiflora = aprica

minutissima Part 1, 53, Fig. 71.

misera Part 3, 38, Fig. 267.

mnemonica Part 3, 5, Fig. 209.

molaui Part 3, 39, Fig. 268.

molleturensis Part 2, 196, Fig. 202.

monicae Part 3, 39, Fig. 269.

moniligera Part 3, 40, Fig. 270.

mononeura Part 4, 167, Fig. 392.

morganii Part 4, 168, Fig. 393., 393a.

mucronata Part 4, 64, Fig. 325.

multiflora Part 2, 127, Fig. 116.

mundula Part 2, 163, Fig. 174.

muscifera Part 4, 169, Fig. 394.

myriantha Lindl., = pusilla

myriantha Schltr. = hylophila

nambijae Part 2, 164, Fig. 175.

nana Part 4, 65, Fig. 326.

nanegalensis Part 4, 169, Fig. 395.

nepotula Part 1, 54, Fig. 72.

neudeckeri Part 2, 127, Fig. 117.

nexipous Part 4, 98, Fig. 346.

nigrescens Part 3, 12, Fig. 218.

nikiae Part 3, 40, Fig. 271.

ninguida Part 3, 41, Fig. 272.

nutans Part 4, 66, Fig. 327., 327a.

nycterina Part 1, 18, Fig. 22.

oblonga Part 1, 42, Fig. 50. = as dodsonii;

Part 4, 170, Fig. 50a.

oblongifolia Part 4, 171, Fig. 396., 396a.

obtecta Part 3, 41, Fig. 273.

ochreata = lindenii

odobenella Part 4, 67, Fig. 328.

opercularis Part 4, 67, Fig. 329.

ophioceps Part 3, 42, Fig. 274.

ophioglossoides 32, 34, 100, 101.

opimipetala Part 2, 164, Fig. 176.

orbiculata Part 3, 42, Fig. 275.

oreada Part 4, 173, Fig. 397.

orecta Part 3, 6, Fig. 210.

ortegae Part 1, 54, Fig. 73.

pachyphylla = purpurea

pachyphyta Part 1, 55, Fig. 74.

264

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Stelis pachystele = purpurea

pactensis Part 3 , 6, Fig. 211.

pan Part 4, 173, Fig. 398.

panguiensis Part 3, 43, Fig. 276.

paniculata Part 2, 165, Fig. 177.

papillosa = atroviolacea

papulina Part 2, 165, Fig. 178.

paradisicola Part 3, 43, Fig. 277.

pardipes Part 4, 68, Fig. 330., 330a.

parvipetala Part 1, 18, Fig. 23.

patens Part 1, 19, Fig. 24.

patinaria Part 1, 20, Fig. 25.

patula = guatemalensis

paulula Part 3, 44, Fig. 278.

pedanocaulon Part 2, 128, Fig. 118.

peduncularis Part 2, 166, Fig. 179.

pelycophora Part 3, 12, Fig. 219.

pendulispica = ciliaris

petiolata Part 2, 196, Fig. 203.

phaeantha = purpurea

phil-jesupii Part 1, 55, Fig. 75.

physoglossa Part 4, 174, Fig. 399.

picea Part 3, 7, Fig. 212.

pichinchae = argentata

pilosa = pilosissima

pilosissima Part 1, 56, Fig. 76.

pilostylis = discolor

piperina Part 4 , 69, Fig. 331.

pisinna Part 2, 166, Fig. 180.

pixie Part 2, 167, Fig. 181.

platypetala Part 1, 20, Fig. 26.

platystachya Part 4 , 175, Fig. 400.

pleistantha = braccata

pluriracemosa Part 3, 44, Fig. 279.

poculifera Part 1, 81, Fig. 98

pollex Part 4, 70, Fig. 332.

polyantha Part 2, 167, Fig. 182.

polybotrya Part 4, 175, Fig. 401.

polycarpica Part 1, 56, Fig. 77.

polyclada = pusilla

porpax Part 4 , 177, Fig. 402.

porphyrea = calothece

portillae Part 2, 168, Fig. 183.

potpouri Part 4 , 177, Fig. 403.

prava Part 2, 168, Fig. 184.

preclara Part 1, 21, Fig. 27.

pristis Part 4, 70, Fig. 333.

procera Part 1, 57, Fig. 79.

prolata Part 2, 169, Fig. 185.

prolificosa Part 3 , 45, Fig. 280.

propagans Part 2, 128, Fig. 119.

prorepens = scansor

protracta Part 1, 58, Fig. 80.

protuberans Part 3 , 45.; Part 4, 201,

Fig. 281 revised,

pterostylis = pugiunculi

pubipetala Part 1, 58, Fig. 81.

pudens Part 4, 178, Fig. 404.

pugiunculi Part 4, 71, Fig. 334.

pulchella = dialissa

purpurascens Part 3, 52, Fig. 297. as thermatica;

Part 4, 178.

purpurea Part 1, 22, Fig. 29. as repanda; Part 2,

121, Fig. 105. as alpina; Part 4. 72.

purpurella Part 1, 59, Fig. 82.

purpusn = purpurascens

pusilla Part 4, 180, Fig. 405., 405a.,

405b., 405c.

ramificans Part 3 , 46, Fig. 282.

ramosii Part 4, 182, Fig. 406.

ramulosa Part 2, 169, Fig. 186.

recurvula = polybotrya

reflexa = hylophila

regina Part 1, 21, Fig. 28.

remifolia Part 2, 170, Fig. 187.

reniformis Part 2, 118, Fig. 103.

repanda = purpurea

repens Part 4 , 183, Fig. 407.

rhizomatosa = trichorrachis

rhynchanthera = lanceolata

rimulata Part 2, 170, Fig. 188.

riozunagensis Part 3 , 46, Fig. 283.

robusta = purpurea

robustior = purpurea

rodriguesii = aprica

rosamariae Part 1, 22, Fig. 30.

rostrata Part 4, 183, Fig. 408.

rotunda Part 2, 171, Fig. 189.

rusbyi = purpurea

saccata Part 1, 7, Fig, 2.

sanchezii Part 1, 23, Fig. 31.

sanctae-rosae Part 1, 59, Fig. 83.

santiagoi Part 1, 24, Fig. 32.

satryella Part 4, 184, Fig. 409.

satyrica Part 3, 47, Fig. 284.

saurocephala Part 2, 120, Fig. 104.

scaberula Part 3, 47, Fig. 285.

scalena Part 1, 60, Fig. 84.

scandens Schltr. = pusilla

scansor Part 4, 184, Fig. 410.

scaphoglossa Part 2, 129, Fig. 120.

schistochila Part 2, 171, Fig. 190.

schomburgkii Part 3, 26, Fig. 242. as

cryptopetala; Part 4 , 185, Fig. 242a.,

242b.

scitula Part 3, 48, Fig. 286.

scopulosa Part 4, 74, Fig. 335.

secunda Part 2, 172, Fig. 191.

seleniglossa = hymenantha

septella Part 2, 172, Fig. 192.

septicola Part 3, 48, Fig. 287.

serpens = brevilabris

serra Part 4 , 186, Fig. 411.

serrulifera Part 1, 60, Fig. 85.

sesquipedalis = lanceolata

similis = yanganensis

singularis Part 4, 75, Fig. 336.

situlifera Part 1, 24, Fig. 33.

sodiroi = discolor

soricina Part 3, 49, Fig. 289.

sororcula Part 3, 50, Fig. 290.

sparsiflora Part 3, 13, Fig. 220.

spathulata Part 4, 187, Fig. 412., 412a.

steganopus Part 4, 99, Fig. 347.

stevensonii Part 2, 173, Fig. 193.

stiriosa Part 4, 75, Fig. 337.

stormii = hallii

strictissima Part 3, 51, Fig. 292.

striolata Part 4, 188, Fig. 413.

strobilacea Part 3 , 13, Fig. 221.

STELIS OF ECUADOR

265

Stelis suaveolens = depauperata

subtilis Part 2, 197, Fig. 204.

sumacoensis Part 1, 25, Fig. 34.

superbiens Part 4, 189, Fig. 414.

superposita = oblongifolia

supervivens Part 3, 51, Fig. 293.

surrogatilabia Part 2, 129, Fig. 121.

tanythrix Part 3 , 52, Fig. 294.

tarda Part 2, 130, Fig. 122.

teaguei Part 2, 130, Fig. 123.

tempestuosa Part 1, 82, Fig. 100.; Part 4 ,

191, Fig. 100a.

tenuifolia Part 2, 131, Fig. 124.

tenuilabris 118, 119, 191.

tenuis = pusilla

tetramera Part 3, 52, Fig. 295.

thamiostachya Part 3, 53, Fig. 296.

thermatica = purpurascens

thoerleae Part 2, 131, Fig. 125.

tobarii Part 4 , 76, Fig. 338.

tonsoria = langlassei

tortuosa Part 2, 173, Fig. 194.

translucens Part 3, 54, Fig. 298.

trianae = scansor

tricardium Part 4, 192, Fig. 415.

trichoglottis Part 3, 54, Fig. 299.

trichorrachis Part 4 , 192, Fig. 416.

tricula Part 3, 55, Fig. 300.

tricuspis = spathulata

tridactyloides Part 1, 61, Fig. 86.

tridactylon Part 4, 193, Fig. 417.

tridentata Part 1, 46, Fig. 56.; Part 4, 194,

Fig. 56a., 56b.

trinitatis = muscifera

trinitensis = muscifera

triplex Part 3, 55, Fig. 301.

triplicata Part 4, 194, Fig. 418., 418a.

triseta = bicomis

triseta var. pardipes Part 4 , 68.

tristyla Part 4, 195, Fig. 419., 419a.

tropex Part 3 , 56, Fig. 302.

truncata Part 4, 77, Fig. 329.

tumida Part 2, 174, Fig. 195.

umbonis Part 3, 56, Fig. 303.

uncifera Part 3, 7, Fig. 213.

undecimi Part 4, 196, Fig. 420.

undulata Part 1 , 61, Fig. 87.

uniflora Part 3, 57, Fig. 304.

uxoria Part 1 , 62, Fig. 88.

vagans = scansor

valladolidensis Part 4, 77, Fig. 340.

velivolva Part 1 , 25, Fig. 35.

velutina Part 4 , 78, Fig. 341.

venosa Part 2, 132, Fig. 126.

venusta = frontinoensis

vesca Part 1 , 63, Fig. 89., 196.

viamontis Part 2, 174, Fig. 196.

villifera Part 1 , 63, Fig. 90.

villosilabia Part 4, 197, Fig. 421.

viridibrunea Part 4, 197., Fig. 78a.

viridula Part 4 , 198, Fig. 422.

vittata = ascendens

vollesii Part 1 , 26, Fig. 36.

vulcani Part 4, 79, Fig. 342., 342a.

vulcanica = nanegalensis

wilhelmii Part 3, 57, Fig. 305.

ximenae Part 2, 175, Fig. 197.

xystophora Part 4, 199, Fig. 423.

yanganensis Part 1 , 64, Fig. 91.; Part 3,

49, Fig. 288. as similis.

yauaperyensis = argentata

zamorae Part 3, 58, Fig. 306.

zarumae Part 1 , 64, Fig. 92.

zelenkoi Part 1 , 8, Fig. 4.

zigzag Part 2, 197, Fig. 205.

zothecula Part 4 , 200, Fig. 424.