JOURNAL OF THE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS

^ Hugh H. Iltis

HISTORY AND DEDICATION

1962— Lloyd H. Shinners

left), a

Southern Methodist University

member of the

(SMU) faculty and a prolific

researcher and writer, published the first issues of Sida,

Contributions to Botany (now J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas)

1971—William F. Mahler (right), professor of

botany at SMU and director emeritus of BRIT,

inherited editorship and copyright.

1993—BRIT becomes publisher/copyright holder.

2007— First issue of J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas.

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The BRIT Press seeks innovation and excellence in

preparation, manufacture, and distributi

of botanical research and scientific discoveries

for the twenty-first century.

The BRIT Press— bringing out the best in botanical

science for plant conservation and education.

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The BRIT Press considers original research papers

a with class ical and m

concerned v y

botany, sensu lato, for publication in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas.

All submissions are peer-reviewed.

Guidelines for submissions are available

from the BRIT Press website, http://www britpress.org.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

Citation abbreviation for the

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas is

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas following the principles

of B.PH. (informally JBRIT).

International Standard Serial No. (ISSN 1934-5259)

FREQUENCY OF PUBLICATION

J. Bot. Res, Inst. Texas is published semiannually

(summer/fall) as one

volume

by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.

ISSN 1934-5259

7 DECEMBER 2011

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas

VOLUME 5 NUMBER 2

Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT)

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ASSISTANT EDITOR: Brooke Byerley

nical Research Institute of Texas

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m lara ria

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COVER ILLUSTRATION

Electronically tinted botanical illustration

of Liatris aestivalis originally used on

BRIT's anniversary poster 2001.

Summer gayfeather flowers mid

Jul-Aug(-Sep) and is endemic to

Oklahoma and Texas

Sida 19:768. 2001.

Botanical illustration by

TR T ANANT

Linny He agy 92001.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SYSTEMATICS

Phlox vermejoensis (Polemoniaceae), a new species from northern New Mexico, U.S.A.

BEN S. LEGLER

A new hedge-nettle (Stachys: Lami ) from the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Derick B. POINDEXTER AND JOHN B. NELSON

A i fYet (A A th t

new Oregon

F CNN e

KENTON L. CHAMBERS

Agrostis lacuna-vernalis (Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae), a new species from California

PAuL M. PETERSON, ROBERT J. SORENG, Davip STYER, DYLAN NEUBAUER, RANDALL MORGAN, AND VERN YADON

Lomatium pastoralis (Apiaceae), a new narrow endemic species fi theast Oregon

Mark E. DARRACH AND David H. WAGNER

New binati , rank changes, ] ] land i ts in th

] f] fth th United States

ALAN S. WEAKLEY, EE ipei Bruce A. SorRIE, C. THEO WitsELL, L. DWAYNE ESTES

Kancm G 1 , AND ATSUSHI EBIHARA MISSOURI BOTANICAL

A fossil flower of Persea (Lauraceae) in Tertiary Dominican amber

KENTON L. CHAMBERS, GEORGE O. POINAR, JR., AND ALEX E. BROWN D E C 2 0 2011

Two fossil flowers of Trichilia (Meliaceae) in Dominican amber

KENTON L. CHAMBERS, GEORGE O. POINAR, JR., AND ALEX E. BROWN GARDEN LIBRARY

1 L Leh

Debouck (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

Note about the taxonomy of

J. SALCEDO-CASTANO, R. ARAYA-VILLALOBOS, N. ÉASHNENCADa EZ, O. Toro-Cuica, AND D.G. DEBOUCK

Salvia carrilloi (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guatemala

Mario ESTEBAN VELIZ PEREZ AND TAYLOR SULTAN QUEDENSLEY

Synopsis of Matelea s.l. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) in Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC Islands

ALEXANDER KRINGS

Three new And f Aul ia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) with sheath auricles

EMMET J. JupziewIcz, El GEISTHARDT, LANE D. GIBBONS, DAIN C. ZIEGLER, MICHAEL J, ZUEGER,

AND SOL SEPSENWOL

C ticillat (G i ), a new species fi th t Ecuador

JOHN L. CLARK AND BRIAN R. KEENER

f Pi ia (Rubiaceae: Hippotideae) from southern Peru

ee M. TAYLOR, joan P. JANOVEC, AND Roy E. GEREAU

Two nev fM le (G i ) from northern Ecuador

JEREMY Kee Harvey E. PPP AND JOHN L. CLARK

Teens Ate ee bee y : 1 XT TI = 2 2 7 RA A m (A zd

E t o EF PA

Mesechiteae) en Colombia

J. Francisco MORALES

Tr pecies de Meliosma (Sabiaceae) para Costa Rica y Panamá

J. Francisco MORALES

A taxonomic treatment of Daltonia (Musci: Daltoniaceae) in the Americas

Piers MAJESTYK

405

415

421

427

437

457

463

469

471

475

485

499

545

553

l diploid Eri tri (A ) in Arkansas and Missouri

£^ 1 J 1 1

er ae de ae E e 7 F

RICHARD D. Noyes AND DULCINEA V. GROFF

Fasciculate morphology, seed variati ] distributional notes in Arcytophyllum (Rubiaceae)

Epwanp E. TERRELLT AND HAROLD rca

Justicia (Acanthaceae) in Texas

Thomas F. DANIEL

N ncl lct fi t in tł Oregon flora

KENTON L. CHAMBERS AND STEPHEN C. MEYERS

Identity of Catalpa tibetica (Bignoniaceae)

J.H. KIRKBRIDE, JR. AND R.T. OLSEN

A nomenclatural change in Viola (Violaceae)

R. JOHN LITTLE

DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE

A palynological i ti of Dank d Daphne bholua (Thymelaeaceae) in India

Prat Gale AND ZACHARY s. RocERs

Study of the comparative wood anatomy of the species of Amphorogynaceae, Cervantesiaceae,

Nanodeaceae, Santalaceae, and Thesiaceae

CARLOS Á. INORVERTO

Limitations to natural production of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae) I. Regrowth and

survivorship two years post I tin a South Texas population

MARTIN Terry, KEEPER TROUT, BENNIE WILLIAMS, Teoposo HERRERA, AND NORMA FOWLER

ETHNOBOTANY

Clinal geographic variation in

hophora williamsii (Cactaceae)

Diana Hutsey, M. AñuL KaLam, PauL DALEY, NORMA FOWLER, AND MARTIN TERRY

g Texas populations of

FLORISTICS, ECOLOGY, AND C

nueva laralidad del 1 1 ETA EX Qi

! d

Reoict A à Pee

8 actaceae) a punto de extinción

por saqueo en Coahuila, México

JAIME SANCHEZ SALAS, GISELA MURO PEREZ, EDUARDO ESTRADA CASTILLON, MARIO GARCÍA ARANDA

Y JORGE ARTI RO ALRA Avi A

Distribucion y diversidad de la familia Poaceae en Chihuahua, Durango y Zacatecas, México

ARMANDO CORTÉS ORTIZ Y YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA

Alpine flora of Cerro Mohinora, Chihuahua, Mexico

J. ANDREW McDoNar p, JORGE MARTINEZ, AND Guy L. Nesom

Andlicie rt: J Doy pio

de Querétaro, México

MARICELA GOMEZ-SANCHEZ, ARA LAURA SUAREZ-MARTINEZ Y Erika IVONNE MARTÍNEZ-MONTES

Alfaroa hondurensis MN nuevo género ya nueva cue Laer El Sine y una extensión

significativa de la dist y del ns

UL la

t & P vulnerable

Monica PAULSON Prise v Jose L. Tan

Mi „5 a

Miconieae): reported for the first time from Jamaica

WALTER S, Ju JDD, GRETCHEN M. TONTA, AND Keron C. St. E. CAMPBELL

625

633

635

643

661

677

685

701

707

719

A4: : z & $3 Pe s

Miconieae) re-collected in the John Crow Mountains,

Jamaica, ith eg on its conservation status

WALTER S. Jupp, GRETCHEN M. loNTA, LORENA ENDARA, AND KERON C. St. E. CAMPBELL

T. i ] : E et: Y a f

p fragments of the

Aston! Region of Ghana

DAMIAN Tom-Dery AND JoBsT-MICHAEL SCHROEDER

T H th t Ad hi

Small-scale vascular p d prairies

BARBARA R. MACROBERTS, ic f MacRoserts, AND C. THEO WITSELL

A floristic inventory of the Cimarron National Grassland (Kansas) and the Comanche National

Grassland (Colorado)

BERNADETTE KUHN, B.E. NELSON, AND RONALD L. HARTMAN

A L E35 uri EH (KA 1 t L ^

worts d hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) of Florida

GREGORIO DAUPHIN, RICHARD P. WUNDERLIN, ilar B, Essic, AND PauL G. Davison

Vascular flora of two conservation lands in Charlotte and Desoto counties, Florida and notes on the

flora of Florida

ALAN R. FRANCK

Discovery of Rhynchosi ia (Fab ) in Everglades National Park, Florida, U.S.A.

STEVEN W. WOODMANSEE lo iil L. SADLE

11 : E

Notewor thy vascular E Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana

Ray NEYLAND, CHRISTOPHER REID, AND DAVID J. ROSEN

ted plant i li lati { Cypripedium

Additional observations of thé

kentuckiense (Orchidaceae) in west eral pared

KRISZTIAN MEGYERI AND CHARLES M. ALLEN

A quantitative study of the vegetati ling the Taenidia integerrima (Apiaceae) population

at Fort Polk in west central Louisiana

JARROD GRANDON AND CHARLES M. ALLEN

Anannotated checklist of the vascular flora of Washington County, Mississippi

CHARLES T. BRYSON AND DANIEL A. SKOJAC, JR.

Pistacia chinensis (Anacardiaceae) naturalized in North Carolina, U.S.A.

ALEXANDER KRINGS

Checklist of the vascular plants of Indiana County, Pennsylvania

CYNTHIA M. MORTON AND LOREE SPEEDY

Nymphoides humboldtiana (M I ) in Uvalde County, Texas—a new record for the U.S.A.

Nicda d P. Tippery, DONALD H. LA AND CASEY R. WILLIAMS

Book Reviews and Notices 404, 420, 436, 456, 470, 484, 512, 544, 576, 624, 632, 634, 642,

660, 676, 684, 688, 706, 718, 752, 836, 842, 848, 854, 870

Announcements 891

Reviewers for Volume 5 (2011)—892

Index to Volume 5 (2011)

Titles shoes, with Authors—893

Authors—8

Botanical names and Subjects—896

New Names and Combinations—899

727

733

743

753

773

815

839

843

849

855

867

871

INDEX RV MAL. YY d bi ti

Agrostis lacuna-vernalis P.M. Peterson & Soreng,

sp. nov.—42

Andropogon dealbatus (C. Mohn Weakley &

LeBlond, comb. et stat. no

Andropogon hirsutior (Hackel) ee &

LeBlond, comb. et stat. nov.

Askellia pygmaea ouis K. E rae lr S.C.

Meyers, comb. nov.—61

Askellia pygmaea dum ramosa (Babc.) K.L.

Chambers & S.C. Meyers, pene nov.—619

Aulonemia fuentesii Judz. & Geisthardt, sp. nov.—

491

Aulonemia insignis Judz. & Gibbons, sp. nov.—486

Aulonemia madidiensis Judz., D.C. Ziegler, &

Zueger, sp. nov.—494

Cartrema megacarpa (Small) Weakley, comb. nov.

Coleataenia abscissa (Swallen) LeBlond, comb. nov.

catalá rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) LeBlond ssp.

rigi a, comb. nov. 8

(Nash) LeBlond,

comb. ets stat. nov.—448

Coleataenia stipitata (Nash) LeBlond, comb. nov.—

448

Coreopsis palustris Sorrie, sp. nov.—439

Cremosperma verticillatum J.L. Clark & B.R.

Keener, sp. nov.—49

Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara &

Weakley, comb. nov.—

Dichanthelium cryptanthum (Ashe) LeBlond,

comb. nov.—449

Dichanthelium curtifolium (Nash) LeBlond, comb.

nov.

Dichanthelium neuranthum (Griseb.) LeBlond,

comb. nov.—448

Dichanthelium webberianum (Nash) LeBlond,

comb. nov.

Erigeron stansellii K.L. Chambers, sp. nov.—415

Hypericum densiflorum var. interior (Small) Sorrie

& Weakley, comb. et stat. no 4

Leptochloa maritima (E.P. Bicknell) LeBlond &

Sorrie, comb. nov.—451

Limnanthes pumila ssp. grandiflora (Arroyo) S.C.

Meyers & K.L. Chambers, comb. nov.—622

Lithospermum decipiens (J.R. ERRES Weakley,

Witsell & D. Estes, comb. no

— À— occidentale (Mack) Weakley,

itsell & D. Estes, comb. nov.—442

Lithospermum parviflorum Weakley, Witsell & D.

tes, nom. nov.—442

Lithospermum subsetosum (Mack. & Bush)

Weakley, Witsell € D. Estes, comb. nov.—442

Lomatium RS D.H Wagner ex M.E. Darrach

Wagner, sp. nov.—42

Mandevilla nacarema J. F. Morales, sp. nov.—531

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2), 2011

Mandevilla pubescens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.)

J.F. Morales, comb. nov.—

Mandevilla puyumato J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—534

Meliosma cresstolina J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—546

Meliosma laxiflora J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—548

Meliosma oligantha J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—550

Meno le multiflora Keene & J.L. Clark, sp. nov.—

514

Monopyle uniflora J.L. Clark & Keene, sp. nov.—

517

inl rac popenoei Side L. Fennell) Weakley &

Gandhi, comb. no 3

nghi ociosa var. munsoniana (J.H.

on ex Planch.) Weakley & Gandhi,

-i et stat. nov.—452

ios rotundifolia var. pygmaea (McFarlin

B. Ward) Weakley & Gandhi, comb.

nov.— 452

Nabalus autumnalis (Walter) Weakley, comb.

nov.

Nabalus carrii (Singhurst, O'Kennon € W.C.

Holmes) Weakley, comb. nov.—4

Nabalus trifoliolatus var. nanus (Bigelow) Weakley,

comb. nov.—441

Packera xmemmingeri (Britton ex nd Weakley

[anonymus x millefolium], comb. no

Pentagonia australis C.M. Taylor & pes sp.

nov.— 30

Persea avita K.L. Chambers, Poinar, & A.E. Brown,

sp. nov

Phaseolus hygrophilus Debouck, sp. nov.—469

Phlox vermejoensis B. Legler, sp. nov.—3

Salvia carrilloi Véliz & Quedensley, sp. nov.—471

Silene hookeri ssp. serpentinicola (TW. Nelson &

J.P. Nelson) K.L. Chambers & S.C. Meyers,

mb. nov.—

Spigelia alabamensis (K. Gould) K.G. Mathews &

Weakley, comb. et stat. nov.

Stachys appalachiana D.B. Poindexter & J.B.

Nelson, sp. nov.—4

Stegnogramma burksiorum (J.E. Watkins & D.R.

Farrar) Weakley, comb. nov.—451

Trichilia antiqua K.L. Chambers, Poinar, & A.E.

TOWN, Sp. nov.—464

Trichilia p KI. > hambers, Poinar, & A.E.

B , Sp. NOV.

Trillium albidum ssp. is (Soukup) K.L.

ers & S.C. Meyers, comb, nov.—620

as à alabamense (McAtee) E comb. et

stat. nov.—438

Viola pinetorum var. grisea (Jepson) R.J. Little,

comb. nov.—633

PHLOX VERMEJOENSIS (POLEMONIACEAE),

A NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHERN NEW MEXICO, U.S.A.

Ben S. Legler

WTU Herbarium

ee of Washington

Seattle, Washington 98195-5325, U.S.A.

blegler@u.washington.edu

ABSTRACT

f Taos County, New

" P | — aee: H 5

tous habit, short, tufted stems, broad leaves ll li l I lyx, and short styles. Its di 1 he i f

continued floristic work in North America.

RESUMEN

Phi i is B. Legl 4 il ie de las lad Ini lel nas S le Cristo del Condado de

i 1 ONE] 5

ia EJ

Taos. Nuevo México. E ie al lif, 1 1 : d: pln 1

hak: : 1 È 1

LI e F

hojas anchas y estilos cortos. Su descubrimiento

n ^ AT

The genus Phlox Ll contains Le to 70 species; all but two is which are restricted to North Amerka oe a

Porter 2005). Alt hth f Phl ing Mi G ,is notin

Johnson 2000; Ferguson & Jansen 2002), the genus has been considered ll difficult (Wherry

1955) and relationships among many of the taxa remain poorly resolved due to hybridization, introgression,

and polyploidy (Ferguson et al. 1999; Ferguson & Jansen 2002; Ferguson et al. 2010). In addition, many spe-

cies are narrow endemics. Some of these (e.g., P. caryophylla Wherry, and P. cluteana A. Nels.) are restricted to

one or a few mountain ranges in the southwestern United States. Phlox vermejoensis, described here as new, is

another such narrow endemic.

I Phlox VET mejoe nsis fi lis ] by n author i 1n July, 2008 d i fl ici of Vi rmejo

Park Ranch (VPR) in the 5 le Cristo N f north-central New even (Legler 2010). den popula-

tions separated by about 0.5 aidés were found that year. Attempts to identify these plants to any previously

described species of Phlox were not successful, and it quickly became apparent that they represented a new,

undescribed species. To the author's knowledge no prior collections of xd Cid Aee taxon exist in

herbaria, which is not surprising given that the land on which these por lie h privately owned

since the mid 1800s

Discoveries such as this contradict the common misconception that the flora of North America has been

fully explored and cataloged. To the contrary, much work remains to be done. Hartman and Nelson (1998)

reported that the rate of publication of novelties in North America north of Mexico has remained relatively

constant since dd atan soe of 60 per year, while Ertter tini estimated Pt as many as 1,800 more

l A 1 E.

HOVCILICS ais 5 y I B y Heal " 3 7o.

Th l

1 If z 1 £1 LEE NET i z z 1 11

such as the United States.

Phlox vermejoensis B. Legler, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Tyre: U.S.A. New MEXICO. Taos Co.: Vermejo Park Ranch, Sangre de

Cristo cnet NW qu of unnamed peak 12673, 2.3 air mi NNE of Big Costilla Peak and 3.25 air mi SSW va State Line Peak,

with Geum rossii, S 5. cf. soldanella, €

—1

^ o F

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 397 — 403. 2011

ar ee hae oa ADET B m de a

£T. El

1EXd3 212]

398

FE UR

ASSESSING

SY) ds NY NS NO V

( ty ar

F Y £ DiI ji B M Corolla, pli p L . i tai £ x A yl B) Calyx tube ri Above-ground stem with inflo-

rescence. D) Habit and rhizomes.

nalis, Poa glauca ssp. rupicola, and Festuca sp., 36.95209° N, 105.31537° W, elev. 12,610 ft, aspect NW, slope 30-40", 21 Jul 2009, B.

Legler 11521 (HOLOTYPE: RM; ISOTYPES: ARIZ, COLO, MO, UNM, WTU).

XXL A 1 Ja 1 F Bt E 1 1

p : I —4 cm altos facientes; folia elliptica, oblonga, vel

oblanceolata, 6-25 mm longa, 3-8 mm lata, 2.5—5plo longiora quam latiora, glanduloso-pubescentia; inflorescentia 1—4(—6)-flora, glandu-

loso-pubescens; pedicelli 1-4 mm longi; sepala 8-11 mm longa branis calycis i libus plani lla alba, saepe [

tata ad bases loborum, tubo (7-)8-11 mm longo; styli 3.5—5.5(-6) mm longi, sul heri iti lae 4.5—6.5 mm longae

B ngae.

Perennial herb from a much-branched caudex, the caudex and taproot often not apparent, becoming replaced

by numerous, branched and tangled rhizomes, these to 15 cm long by 1-3 mm diameter, slender and herba-

ceous to slightly woody, with internodes 0.5-2 cm long; above-ground stems in clumps or widely scattered at

upturned tips of rhizomes, forming short, leafy tufts 1-4 cm tall (including the inflorescence), glabrous or

sometimes glandular-pubescent, bases clothed in curled, dead, gray leaves, internodes mostly less than 5 mm

long, obscured by sheathing leaf bases; leaves opposite and sessile, spreading to ascending, not appressed,

blades elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate, 6-25 mm long, 3-8 mm wide, mostly 2.5-5 times as long as wide,

green, soft and slightly fleshy, abaxial surface gl to sparsely pubescent with multicellular, gland-tipped

hairs, adaxial surface sparsely to moderately pubescent with multicellular, gland-tipped hairs, margins like-

wise glandular-pubescent, not noticeably ciliate at base, slightly thickened and papill tip but not carti-

laginous, the tip acute to obtuse, occasionally apiculate but not pungent, midvein obscure; inflorescence a

Legler, A new species of Phlox from New Mexico

Fic. 2. Phlox vermejoensis. A) Inflorescence. B) Rhizomes. C) Flowers and leaves from the type locality. D) Habit in scree, with plants visible in lower half

of photo. E) Habitat, encompassing all known populations, with the locations of individual collections indicated by arrows and collection numbers, and

the approximate extent of each population outlined in black. Photos by the author.

terminal, reduced, leafy cyme with 1—4(—6) flowers; pedicels 1-4 mm, densely pubescent with multicellular,

gland-tipped hairs to 0.3 mm long, the glands yellow; sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate to almost linear, 8-11 mm

long, 0.4—0.7 mm wide, fused for 4-5 mm at base, outer surface densely glandular pubescent like the pedicels,

pau i e E! CEAR x lilt" BEBE | 1 E

TUDE; Scaie

1 1 Flas 1 ] E

regular, white or rarely tinged with pink, often with purple “pin-

wheel” markings at throat, tube (7-)8-11 mm long, equal in length to the calyx, glabrous except for a ring of

eglandular trichomes within near the base, lobes 5, spreading, obovate, 6-9 mm long, 4.5—7.5 mm wide, entire,

not notched at tip; filaments 0.8-1.5 2) mm long, unequally attached on upper half of corolla tube; anthers 5,

0.8-1.8 mm long (mostly either 0.9 mm or 1.4 mm, and of uniform size within each flower), yellow, positioned

above the style and stigmas, some slightly exserted from tube; ovary superior, glabrous, with 3 carpels and 3

locules, each locule containing a single ovule; style 3.5—5.5(-6) mm long including the stigmas, stigmas 5,

1.1-1.6(-2) mm long; capsule 4.5-6.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, elliptic, tan, glabrous, hardened, with 3 valves,

appearing unilocular due to separation of the septa from the valves; seeds 1(2) per capsule, 33.6 mm long,

1-1.8 mm wide, elliptic, slightly flattened, light brown, minutely irregular-rugose, cupped on one side by the

press boat- maps d remnant uni the septa. Chromosome number not known. All measurements are from

dried herb ted, separately pressed flowers.

Pollen a ee Biss pun pantoporati (18-)24-48(-53) um diameter; pores (12-)18-28, sphe-

roidal, 0.9-3 pm diameter, with l

variation in size, shape, and exine form; exine 2-4.9 pm, reticu-

late, heterobrochate; luminae 0.8—9.7(-12.3) pm, polygonal, provided with a micromesh formed by thin

bridges hanging between the muri; apertural luminae (brochae) usually smaller than average, 1.8-6.8 pm;

muri 0.2—1.4 um wide, curved to sinuate, simpli- or duplibaculate; bacula 2-2.6 qm long, 0.35—1.2 pm diame-

ter, very densely spaced; nexine 0.5-1.1 pm, slightly thicker, 0.8—1.5 um, at the pore margins.

Habitat and distribution —Phlox vermejoensis grows on north-facing, stable, vegetated, alpine scree slopes

of decomposing granite or metamorphic rock (Fig. 2, D & E). Scree texture varies from pea-gravel to a mix of

gravel and angular blocks up to 20 cm diameter, with fine-textured soil immediately below the surface. At one

site the granite is distinctly reddish-colored. Most plants are found just below ridge crests where wind-blown

snow likely accumulates and increases soil moisture availability relative to adjacent, more exposed slopes.

However, no plants were observed around cornices or late-lying snowfields. Slopes vary from 20% to 45%.

Vegetation cover ranges from 15% to 60%. Common associated species include Androsace septentrionalis bs

Carex rupestris All., Claytonia megarhiza (A. Gray) Parry ex S. Wats., Eremogone fendleri (A. Gray) Ikonn., Geum

rossii (R. Br.) Ser. var. turbinatum (Rydb.) C. L. Hitchc., Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House, Poa glauca Vahl. var.

Legler, A new species of Phlox from New Mexico 401

rupicola (Nash ex Rydb.) B. Boivin, Potentilla concinna Richardson var. concinna, Saxifraga bronchialis L. var.

austromontana (Wiegand) Piper ex G.N. Jones, Senecio taraxacoides (A. Gray) Greene, and Trifolium attenuatum

Greene.

Phlox j is i ly known fi lati I 0.5 mil the crest of

the Sangre de Chisto Mountains, about 3 miles south of Gildan and wholly within the ediles of Vermejo

Park Ranch. The Spent occur pene 12 a PTT 12 pa xe 6, 7203, pan diokies rima acid the

perimeter of a Mix por g y

by the author in 2008 and 2009 t that Il ble habitat from the Colorado state li th to th

vicinity of Big Costilla Peak, beyond which lies the Costilla Creek Valley and a di ion in alpine habitat. An

examination aerial Tm -—-—À suitable habitat occurs a few miles to the cord in the Colorado

portion of th ins, particularly in the vicinity of Tp smi n peaks. These

peaks lie on large, priva ranches with limited Additional 1 there

Phenology.—Flowering specimens were collected from July 13-21. The condition of these flowers sug-

gests the bloom period de from iili July through the iip s July: Mature capsules with seeds were col-

lected on August 20, p made July 18

Etymology- The specific epitl ;joensis ref Vermejo Park Ranch, the boundaries of which en-

th | distribution of thi species. The word vermejo, or — is of — origin.

einillai in meaning to vermilion, and describes the beidiria color of the Vermejo R te

summer rains. A suitable common name is T "——

vation status.—Phlox d to be Vulnerable (VU D1+2) according to IUCN Red

List criteria ia (IUCN 2001). It is ene pon rs er queue with a total uicina size (number of

clonal clumps) estimated at 500—1,000 indi total d at less than 5 acres

(2 hectares). Trends in population size are e unknown but mma to be stable Tee are no ree "amio

impacts from human activities. Cli

ridge crests where upslope migration is inito: Rocky ! Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus TM were xb firqieritdy ob-

served grazing on adjacent areas of flat, alpine turf; however, they usually avoid the scree slopes where P. ver-

mejoensis grows.

Additional specimens examined: U.S.A. New Mexico: Taos Co.: Vermejo Park Ranch, crest eid x ridge ien diens NE from point

)

ici hi p air mi SW var xoi Hine Peak, 36.95704° N, 105.31961? W, elev. 12,460 ft, 13 Jul 200 9736 (COLO, KSC, RM, U

3.3 air mi sagas s State Line Pot, 36. o N, 105, 3193° W, pé 12,430 ft, 20 Aug

2008, B. Legler 10982 (KSC, RM, UNM, WT j R 7, 3.0 air mi SW of

State Line Peak, 36.95686° N, 105.32069° W, apa 12 520 ft, 18 Jul 2009, B. Lor 11465, with IM. Porter & D. aid pe UNM, VPR);

Vermejo Park Ranch, north slope of spur ridge extending NE from point 12827, 2.95 air mi SW of State Line Peak, 36.95782° N,

105.31901* W, elev. 12,200 ft, 18 Jul 2009, B. Legler 11468, with J.M. Porter & D. Hyder (ARIZ, MO, RM), Vermejo Park Ranch, crest of ridge

on S side of an unnamed cirque 3.3 air mi SSW of State Line Peak, 36.95159° N, 105.31834° W, elev. 12,620 ft, 21 Jul 2009, B. Legler 11519

(ARIZ, COLO, MO, RM, UNM, WTU).

DISCUSSION

lati 1 fek ld +

The distinctiveness of Phlox vermejoensis is such that i

be ascertained nr on OPEN sione It is Hee ikl u to be prie: with any ates species.

Superficially, i f shape, but dif-

ES = J rer Ly

E } hf 21 14. E | ABT y : L EY Qd od: 11 mm in P. alys-

sifolia), and distribution and habitat. Fis vermejoensis shares a low, rhizomatous at with di dispersa

tly California

Sharsmith, an appare

that has smaller, dhs Sube leaves, smaller, OPEN flowers, m styles es eu 3mm long In the

monograph by Wherry (1955) i t Phlox

However, as Wherry freely admitted, this sübueétioni is artificial. Furthermore, P. vermejoensis differs substan-

tially in growth form and floral characters from the two species in subsect. Cluteana, both of which have co-

rolla tubes much longer than the calyx and styles 12-20 mm long. Attempts to place P. vermejoensis into other

2 1 1 nf alk D 1 ID khi titit, £ T, cm)

40. Vr

sections and subsoctiotia defined by berry are just as unsatisfactory and would be of limited value in deter-

diodes s classification (Ferguson & Jansen 2002).

" is aek ui to neat 3 joensi p us hybrid due to the size of the populations, the

presence of apparently viable seeds, and the lack of ] ies in the vicinity. The only other spe-

cies x es Ms xiu was P. pulvinata (Wherry) Crone: a densely caespitose, subulate-leaved plant

y, alpine turf

Preliminary, unpublished ITS and cpDNA i i 1 f western species of Phlox

by C. Ferguson (pers. comm.) place P. vermejoensis within: a clade conie of other southwestern species,

with weak support. In the ITS phylogeny, P. vermejoensis is sister to a clade including P. amabilis Brand, P.

caryophylla Wherry, P. cluteana A. Nels., P. nana Nutt., P. tenuifolia E.E. Nels., and P. woodhousei (A. Gray) E.E.

Nels. Support for us Ten ien d. e, EN P. heap ag is weak (bootstrap <50%). In the cpDNA

posa E j y (bootstrap <50%) that includes a subset of

tern clade (P. amabilis, p caryophylla, and P. woodhousei), along with some samples of P. stans-

buryi (Torr.) A. Heller, P. longifolia N ies. Further sampling of DNA

regions and piropoak: eo n be needed to better infer brlaicachit of P. vermejoensis within the ge-

nus. Presently, 1 t t

Given morphology and ea DNA incio, it may be pas to nte the new species with P.

cluteana, P. nana, and P. woodhousei. From all three of these, P. ufted stems (1-4

cm high vs. (5-)10-30 cm), shorter leaves (6-25 mm vs. 20-50 ifta smaller ifiortsbinles ae flowers

vs. (3-)6-12 flowers), shorter pedicels (1-4 mm vs. 3-30 mm), and habitat (alpine scree vs. open woods and

lower slopes). From P. cluteana, it further differs in corolla tube length (8-11 mm vs. 15-18 mm), and style

length (3.5-6 mm vs. 12-18 mm). Phlox nana and P. woodhousei both have shorter styles (1.5-3.5 mm). It is

further on from ES nana ne: sepal length (8-11 mm vs. 10-16 mm), corolla tube length (8-11 mm vs.

12-18 m bes. Flower color in P. cluteana is purple, while P. nana varies from purple to

lilac, dem ll or yellow, and in P. woodhousei the color is purple to pink.

Regardless of relationships, P. vermejoensis can readily be separated from other members of the genus by

the combination of rhizomatous habit, short, tufted stems, broad, non-pungent leaves mostly 2.5-5 times as

long as wide, glandular-pubescent inflorescences, corolla tube equal in length to the calyx, styles 3.5-6 mm

long and positioned below the anthers, and, usually, a single seed per capsule.

Although capsules with mature, apparently viable seeds were found, several cl isti t that

P. vá uibs may T po on pce wie gece Bou si xu us p allows it to to readily

econd, pollen viability

pode to E low, with 60.496 («6.4 std. dev.) of p. grains failing to stain sida cotton blue. Some pollen

grains have very irregular, non-reticulate exine sculpting, while, in others the reticulum is tight and dense,

with very small lumina and very thick muri. These irregular poke oa nate Aue walls and tend to col-

la ih

pse. The irregular size, development, and high pnis A oN I gg l pairing ging:

larities (J. Mark Porter, pers. Sohn ud Third, th ingl d di

r y o Py FP J indicate

MN -— set. bien din its narrow di d ab from other, nearby ] i l since there

aa : : 4 r

ck type.

Despite a sepitstioti of only 0.5 miles, plains from iie southern metapopulation tend to have larger

leaves, larger inflorescences, and a later phenology. This difference may be environmentally influenced since

the northern sites are slightly drier and more exposed. The type collection, taken from the southern meta-

population, displays the largest observed leaf and inflorescence sizes and illustrates the expected potential of

the species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Carolyn J. Ferguson for including Phlox vermejoensis in her DNA phylogenies of western Phlox and

sharing her results, J. Mark Porter for joining me in the field, providing the SEM images, and preparing the

Legler, A new species of Phlox from New Mexico 403

pollen description, Linda Brooking = pror the a, me rra a for bemus. the ae

description. In addition, Ferg provided very tef

Ronald L. Hartman and Neil Snow for their guidance during iy thesis work, and to B.E. Nelson lita assistance

in the herbarium. Support and funding for the floristic inventory were fakin x pina iey Ranch, the

University of Wyoming, the University of Northern Colorado, and the New } y

REFERENCES

ERTTER, B. 2000. Fl North A North of Mexico. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87:81-

FERGUSON, C.J. AND R.K. JANSEN. 1999. "ien of eastern North American Phlox a URNA based on ITS

sequence data. Syst. Bot. 24:616-63

FERGUSON, C.J. AND n K. JANSEN. 200%. de chloroplast DNA po of eastern Phlox (Polemoniaceae): implications of

r. J. Bot. 89:1324-1335.

FERGUSON, C.J., T. MELHEM, LA. PRATHER, AND S.D. 'FEHLBERG. 2010. areca patterns of polyploidy: sree ploidy

= — and its emer 2... = ee dis porc in — ee Bota at Abstract.

p -— 24 nito

Ities from North Ameri th of M A 20-year desc plant

UCtanclala—s/ 24

HARTMAN, R.L. AND B. ü NELSON. 1998.T

diversity baseline. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67:1-59.

IUCN. 2001. IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland,

Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

LEGLER, B.S. 2010. A floristic inventory of Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico and Colorado, M.S. Thesis, University of

Wyoming, Laramie.

PORTER, J.M. AND L.A. JOHNSON. 2000. A

WHERRY, E.T. 1955. The genus Phlox. Morris Arbol — 3:1- is

WILKEN, D.H. AND J.M. PORTER. 2005. Vascular pl i Canotia 1:1-37.

LP EET f Pol i Aliso 19:55-91.

404 n ER oh Dae WT t ha Inebior16

BOOK REVIEW

MARK V. LOMOLINO, BRETT R. RIDDLE, ROBERT J. WHITTAKER, AND JAMES H. BROWN. 2010, Biogeography, Fourth

Edition. (ISBN-10: 0878934944, ISBN-13: 978-0878934942, hbk.). Sinauer Associates, Inc., 23 Plantree

Road, Sunderland, Massachusetts 01375, U.S.A. (Orders: orders@sinauer.com). $105.95, 764 pp., 503 il-

lustrations (diagrams, charts, tables, maps, NASA photographs), glossary, bibliography, index, 114" x 8%".

1 1 n 1 ] | pa | SAAN y 1 Iti j^ E DEC

The cover of tr OOK visually it

but this Leste pte eh s enlightens you Eade with the historical fios E eer from the ud

y only crude maps, compasses, and sextants. The authors

tae applied the most Sa technological AN Sd. geo-statistics, remote seing, and ML

1 Ei L

imagery. T y geography of Condo of

nature. Biogeography i i l ll t, but it is al invaluable ref. for biogeogra-

phers, ecologists, ioi biclgisns, and (XC jok biologists. It starts with simple facts and principles

and assuming only a rudimentary knowledge of biology, geography, and Earth history, explains the relation-

ships between geographic variation in biodiversity and the geological, ecological, and evolutionary processes

that have produced them. Biogeography is written in an easy-to-read style, defining all new terms. It empha-

sizes the interplay — E papa and presents evidence idi supports or challenges these con-

cepts. Color ill

ptimized for the colorblind readers. The authors were very thor-

ough in their presentation with all of the iioii diagrams, charts, tables, maps, photographs, extensive

glossary, index, and bibliography. And they have substantially enhanced the depth of coverage of classical

foundations, empirical case studies, and frontiers of biogeography. I highly recommend Biogeography as an

excellent resource for anyone interested in the field. —Martha Mullens, Master Naturalist, Botanical Research

Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 404. 2011

pa ION

A NEW HEDGE-NETTLE (STACHYS: LAMIACEAE) FROM THE

SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS

Derick B. Poindexter John B. Nelson

LW. Carpenter, Jr. Herbarium A.C. Moore Herbarium

Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences

Appalachian State University University of South Carolina

Boone, North Carolina 28608, U.S.A. Columbia, South Carolina 29208, U.S.A.

poindexterdb@appstate.edu nelson@sc.edu

ABSTRACT

Southern PE Mountains. St hy ppal hi i demic | fi h : N à h C oli d h

Virginia AL y 1 1 2 11 1 A: 11 1 1 : ce | 1 11 1 1 A i 1 As

nostic PEA of sed new taxon.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Fine nene Tiset. ÀA (Ce n T i Y 1 ^is Cale A 1 i di 1 RI D; D i 3 dish. Armalarhor

r 2 e LI eo rr

$2 5 4 yA | € e 1 hi i i Theod i 1 Aka» A NI » NI. M a hi A A ee |

2 rx

L1 " — € 1 - M Ld a 1 $1. 4 4 n i i

I g geograj Taxa sowie Fotos der diagnostischen

Medinek der neuen Art werden prasentiert.

RESUMEN

EM ib $27 i (€ 1 1 : 32353 11 icis fts si do RI Rid dd SS

F o F F 5 o

Montes Apalaches. S h lachi d i inoid A51 js ^ 5 dol NL A

F 7 rr 5 4 y SULDES Ac ac

roinia f 1 ESA 1 P CTS 1 £ fs

8 I I

terísticas diagnósticas de este nuevo taxon.

ly forty-five native and naturalized species of hedge-nettles (Stachys L., Lamiaceae) in

North America The ona United States harbors nearly twenty species, with high levels of diversity

1 Appalachians, and adalong the Atlantic Coast (Nelson 2008: ; Weakley 201 D.

Continued studies in the genus by d led t

sii J.B. Nelson (Nelson 2008) and S. matthewsii G.P. Fleming, J.B. Nelson & J.F. imc tine etal. 2011).

Recent investigations into an enigmatic taxon first discovered in the Blue Ridge Mountains in 1974 indicate

that 171524 ] s 1 141 : 1

rd c ae i DB. Poindexter &]. B. Nelson, Sp.. nov. ah E 2 G-H, 3). TYPE: UNITED STATES. NORTH

River, 23 Jul 1974, J.B. Nelson

294 pai NCU!; ISOTYPES: CLEMS!, N NY!).

AS $545 15438 € hispida et S Hh rs + . l; A Iahi $ 121 lar +} £a iE Rag 1

[s E DE E

1 ^ HA PE | ; 1 151 1 $i 3c 4$ : 11 i Aff,

Perennial herbs usually 1-2 m tall from pale slender rhizomes, often in colonies of 5-10 individuals. Stems

hollowed toward the base, especially on larger plants, which generally feature dead/shriveled leaves by late

summer at the lowest nodes, bases and foliage also EIN rita dieron y mid-late growing season;

stems erect to rcu ERE. soft, white pith distally paringly branched, a ima from the up-

per one or E T l 5 cnm 1t ; g U shaped

eh 1 | p S Peres 1 1 coke A f s :1

g gles.g p y pubescent y sessile, atomiferous

1 A J 1 » ut 1 b 1 z 1 T. A as 11

g y yand just below the nodes, "m exhibit-

X O

ing a few cylindrical, multicellular trichomes, which also | distally and f the

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 405 — 414. 2011

406 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

G. hys apr

C) inflorescence.

stem; stem angles often rounded, densely pubescent with sessile glands, flattened, small one-celled stipitate

glandular hairs and taller 2- to 3-celled gland-tipped flexuous trichomes, and longer, 3(-4) cylindrical-celled

eglandular hairs with pointed tips and a spreading orientation, ranging from (1.5-)222.5(3) mm in length

with a broad basal cellular complex; nodes, especially the lower, densely bearded-pubescent with straight,

multi-celled lip hairs, these ascending, spreading and retrorse, or often flattened during pressing.

Le ly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, broadest toward middle, 8-12 x 3.5—5 cm, spreading, densely pubes-

cent on the prominently rug adaital surfaces with mostly erect (antrorsely appressed in specimens) eglan-

dular hairs, and moderately to densely pubescent (especially along the veins) on abaxial surfaces with long

(stiffly erect-spreading) hairs and occasional short to sessile glandular trichomes, adie Mass density increas-

t ]

ing on leaves on distal portions of the plant, base cordate to t ly acuminate, margin

crenate-serrate with 23 teeth per cm, highest point of each tooth tetinatinue a veinlet, tooth margins ciliate

with spreading eglandular and stipitate glandular hairs, petioles 5-6 mm long (very rarely up to 1 cm on lower

stem leaves), pubescent with eglandular and stipitate glandular hairs. Inflorescences commonly elongated at

maturity, and densely pubescent on all faces; bracts more or less three-veined from base, rapidly reduced dis-

tally from highest sterile node, or the first one or two fertile nodes with somewhat leafy, toothed bracts; upper

(distal) bracts trullate to ovate, densely ciliate; axillary cymules each with (3—)4(—5) flowers, verticils thus

(6—)8(-10) flowered, bractlets of flowers spinulose, bristly-pubescent. Flowers bisexual and predominately

fertile; calyces actinomorphic, calyx of fully opened flowers 5.7-6 mm long, tube 3-4 mm long, lobes ap-

proximately half the length of the tube, 2.0-2.4 mm long, narrowly deltoid to lanceolate at maturity, each lobe

terminated with a pale, spinose tip ca. 0.1-0.2 mm long; calyx tube and lobes generally densely pubescent on

the outer surface with long flexuous stipitate glandular hairs, frequent stiff hairs, and occasional sessile to

subsessile glandular trichomes, less pubescent to glabrate on the inner surface, with glandular and eglandular

trichomes; lobes commonly ciliate with stipitate glandular hairs, flared at anthesis and becoming somewhat

Di $ + i Mal ^ : £c L £, 4 +h ae mU)

2. SEM images of Stachys calyces. A-B) Stachys latidens (D.B. nier 05- ag = M AGB MI) deltoid »- - short stipitate

= dular pubescence. C-D) Stachys eplingii (T.F. Wieboldt 9461, USCH) v oadly ]

atomiferous glandular hairs.

spreading (recurved) with mature fruit; corollas tubular, 10—12 mm long from the base to the tip of the u

"pt

per

lip (galea); tube bright pink, pubescent with appressed eglandular hairs, 7-8 mm long, saccate toward the base

the ventral side, glabrous internally except for a pronounced oblique annulus comprised of soft-flexuous,

somewhat clavate flattened hairs, its basal point just posterior to the pouch; galeae up to 3.5 mm long and

nearly solid pink, usually rounded, but occasionally emarginate apically, surface with eglandular multicellular

hairs and margins with both eglandular and long stipitate glandular trichomes; lower lip declined 80°—90° at

full anthesis, 5-6 mm long, featuring prominent pink-purple blotches and lines on a pale background, with

greater concentrations of anthocyanins along the margins, abaxially with a patch of eglandular trichomes

Mericarps dark brown, 1.6-2 mm x 1.2 mm, minutely verrucose, often with fungal hyphae that appear as tri-

chome-like projections.

\dditional specimens seen: UNITED STATES. NORTH CAROLINA. Alleghany Co.: near Edmonds, 0.26 km N of NC Hwy 18

1afic substrate, 8 Jul 2009, D.B. Poindexter 09-739 (BOON); same location, 10 Aug 2009, D.B. Poindexter 09-909 (BOON). Watauga Co.:

idside-field border, 1.7 mi SE of Boone on US 321-221, 25 58, H.E. Ahles 47582 (Ni VIRGINIA. Carroll Co.: I US22

5 ¡ Q " |

25 mi N of jct. with US 58 on NE side of Hillsville, 18 Jul 1995, J.B. Nelson t USCH); same location, 18 Jul 1996, J.B. Nelson 1758

408

Fic. 2 (continued). = — of — — E-F) Stachys hispida (D.B. Poindexter 05-1287, BOO

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

N) A.

, narrowly lanceolate

lobes - ly p gl G- H) — — vx Poindexter 09- 790, paratype: BOON) with

g g

SCH). Floyd Co g near intersection of Blue Ridge Park ind Rt. 639, 22 Jun 1981, D.W. Ogle s.n. (VPI). Grayson Co.: bog on Meadow

Cre 22, just N of jet. of Rt. 617, 31 Aug 1982, D.W. Ogle s.n. (VPI); same location, 19 Jul 1994, J.B. Nelson 16770 (USCH); same

16 Jul 2009, D.B. Poindexter 09-789 (BOON); same location and date, J.B. Nelson 27699 (USCH); Parson’s Bog near Baywood, 2 Jul

1983. DW ( s.1 PD; W side of Meadow Creek on the E side of Delhart Rd. (VA 622), 1.05 mi SE of US 58 16 Jul 2009, J.B Nelson 27697

USCH ocation and date, D.B. Poindexter 0 BOON

DISCUSSION

Distribution and Habitat.—Stachys appalachiana is a narrow endemic restricted to a few populations in the

Southern Blue Ridge Physiographic Province (Fenneman 1938) of the Southern Appalachian Mountains

sensu Braun 1950). Collections of this taxon have been made in only six counties, Alleghany, Ashe, and

Watauga. NC, and Ca ll. Floyd, and Grayson, VA (Fig. 4). Thi s spe ecies should also be sought in Fem boring

mtane counties

It is well! vn that the southern Appalachians harbor a wealth of rare taxa, comprised of both northern

species that have been ab rsist in this region following Pleistocene ial recession, and other taxa that

^L A I hi

e Ll , rr

ha Pará y X +, H NOT NO

Type Specimen Collection A" of ry

Imaged by: Stephen M. Seiberling August 2011

namaste cmon = -

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= =

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FLORA OF NORTH AMER

Field wisit 4o Hus site aly 19%)

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Det. John B. Nelson, USCH 1997

Stachys appa: a ana D 2

DB Pw

*3.8 Nelson. me

D.B. Poindexter * 3.8. Nelson July 2011

MOORE HERBARIUM (USCH) USC-COLUMBIA

nearest Stachys clingmanii Small

This collection (duplicates at CLEMS, NY) remains somewhat

enigmatic. The NY she ia is verified bed 5. clingmanii by

sabe in typical S. clingmanii. Otherwise, these

features suggest a variant of $. hispida

Det. John B. Nelson 1993

FIG. 3. Holotype of Stach lachiana (J.B. Nelson 294, NCU)

409

a) Y

NORTH CAROLINA

KILOMETERS

dit A /g 0 160 320

INS

FIG. 4

are endemic to this area (Harper 1947; Wood 1970; Murdock 1994; Pittillo 1994). Species-level endemism in

Stachys of the southern Appalachians is not novel. Stachys clingmanii Small was described from Clingman’s

Dome in the Great Smoky Mountains and is also endemic to the same physiographic area, yet not sympatric

with S. appalachiana (Small 1903; Weakley 2011). Stachys latidens Small ex Britton is al primarily confined to

the southern Appalachians and rarely in adjacent Piedmont regions. It is not the purpose of this paper

to provide a discourse on southern Appalachian endemism, but it is interesting to note that other cryptic en-

demics have been recently described from comparable taxonomically difficult genera (e.g., Eutrochium steelei

(E.E. Lamont) E.E. Lamont) (Lamont 1990).

Stachys appalachiana is found primarily in open bogs and fens, exhibiting an apparent affinity for soils

derived from mafic or ultramafic substrates, although not restricted to these soils. It is also known from wet

areas and flood plains near or adjacent to tributaries with ample sunlight. In ideal habitats, Stachys appala-

chiana may become quite tall, leaning upon surrounding vegetation. Most i hat ubiquitous

(e.g., Eutrochium fistulosum (Barratt) E.E. Lamont, Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. ligustrina, Phalaris arundina-

111111

Daimd 1 MAL A 1 £C 1 £ +h +h A | EA: 411

cea L., Salix sericea Marshall, Rubus pensilvanicus Poir., Teucrium canadense L., and Verbesina alternifolia (L.)

Britton ex Kearney). However, this species has been noted by the authors to co-occur with other uncommon

taxa in the southern Appalachians, such as Campanula aparinoides Pursh var. aparinoides, Calamagrostis ca-

nadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis, Carex trichocarpa Muhl. ex. Willd., Filipendula rubra (Hill) B.L.

Rob., Galium asprellum Michx., Lilium canadense L. var. editorum ewe E grayi S. ieee TNAM mac-

rostylum Small & A. Heller, and Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. F visited

by numerous insect species including honeybees and other hymenopterans. ge aie: hedge-nettles (and

many other labiates), mericarps of this species are often susceptible to frugivory by the hemipteran Sehirus

cinctus (P. Beauv.) (Sites & McPherson 1982).

bugie: —O — delineations in Stachys have been primarily based on morpho-

logical (deltoid vs. lanceolate), petiole lengths of mid-stem leaves, number

of flowers per verticil, and pulire biene of the calyx, stem faces (of the uppermost sterile internode),

m stem angles = 8» Smali gie nemen qu & Mania 1909; Nelson 2008; Weakley 2011).

tachy ion of a wetland habitat preference, leaf blades

P. onde to serrate, flowers 8-10 per verticil, ae lobes lanceolate flaring (with long flexuous glandu-

lar and ue ane mee Minis leaf Pio with "- ten pi "- hairs, saca ind Ns

stipitaté imitar fairs) anil stem hees dabreie with relatively few glandular or eglandular trichomes (Pigs.

"Sad angu T B. en Md s. dens are aguda vo > appalachiana, while the more geographi-

cally S. hispida P y species. These four entities are

E 1

distinguished with comparative ease.

Calyces of all four taxa mne in n pobescenee jou e oe shape (Fig. 2). More specifically, Stachys

eplingii and S. latid lobes, with a primarily short stipitate glan-

di landular tr mirra 00 Appa nana and S. his-

r La O> oO

431 1 1 lakh

on Ln Se ergo also

, wit ths y MS short to

long pa glandular trichomes iy more —— distributed hispid eglandular nere Stachys hispida lacks

ily Ath 1 1 1 E +h

y LIVARCU YY 1L11

very yon stiff trichomes Another Sacer düreder that is "MON ETT, for segregating t nee mum A

from Stachys app pub pue: a the adaxial leaf surface. Stachys app y

E A 1 "ye | g. D, > y RA 1 A a. : n

r r rr ¿KE 4/

less abundant trichomes.

The following di u th l pec of the af: i 1 tri lior mor pho-

logicall ] ld b fused witl lachiana (see Table 1 ior comparison). Stachys

eplingii i is a plant a wetlands, with leaf blades ovate, ae ia, flowers 8-10 per verticil, calyx lobes

deltoid, abaxial leaf surfaces exhibiting a heavily short stipitate glandular pubescence, stem angles promi-

nently pubescent with spreading and retrorse hairs, and with stem faces consistently and densely short stipi-

tate or otherwise glandular pubescent. padoe hispida Pa Occur in a sect of asinine with leaf blades el-

liptical, tn, Bowers 6 per renal lyxl i g , stem angles

prominently | d stem fi lab ( with ve ile glands) Stachys

latidens can be fund i in dry-mesic, open to forested habitats, wih eal blades elliptical, serrated, flowers 6 per

verticil, calyx lobes deltoid, abaxial Eos aro visas or never ramen stem oF — reta

short retrorse, egunuiar hpc | largely gl

Conse? VAALIUTR Status. t l i it isi d tl f 2009 9 and 2010. Plants rici at least

t f the older collecti specifically hose from Ashe Co., hes — come -— eem Co., bi are no

he ss fel £ Ps 11

longer extant. Only

ing and healthy. Th ites includ long Delhart Rd. (SR 622; Grayson Co., VA) and the newly dis-

1 lation at S h Church Bog (Alleghany Co., NC). Other cited populations from Watauga Co.,

ey ou

412

Ty er si TEM

f Texas 2]

TABLE 1. Comp p | gically f Stachy

Character S. latidens S. eplingii S. hispida S. appalachiana

Distribution idly Southern Sporadic in the Rare in the NC. Narrow wives of mid-

Appalachian, mostly at Southern and Central Mainly lowlands, —

mid- to high elevation, Appalachians, WV, VA Piedmont an outhern Appalachians

rare in the Piedm (rare in w NC) Ridge and Valley p VAandn

GA-P.

Habitat Upland forests and Wetlands Various Wetlands

clearings

Leaf blades Serrate Crenate-crenulate Serrate Crenate to serrate

Stem faces Glab with Densely short stipitate Glabrous or with Glabrate with scattered

sparse sessile glands glandular sparse sessile glandular and eglandular

glands trichomes

Stem angles Short retrorse, broad- Spreading and retrorse ong spreading- Long, mostly retrorse

based eglandular eglandular trichomes, retrorse eglandular trichomes and long

trichomes and often short stipitate trichomes exuous and sh

glandular trichomes stipitate glandular

trichomes

Calyx lobes Deltoid to deltoid- Broadly deltoid, erect Lanceolate, erect Lanceolate, flaring

lanceolate, erect

Calyx pubescence Short stipitate Densely short stipitate Densely long Long stipitate and short

glandular to glabrate and sessile glandular, eglandular to sessile glandular, with

with hispid eglandular trichomes, sparse hispid eglandular

richomes sessile glands trichomes

Flowers/verticil 6 8-10 6 8-10

NC, and Grayson Co., VA, were not Seti, 1 ana oa still be pra up monitoring is imperative,

especially nee the ib:

P nS TEM

Since only tl

ls 1 133

y y ¢ tor

Cattu

as de or critically imperiled” ona se Rank sad basis} in both NC and VA. T ori tati Stachys appala-

1 or “critically imperiled” (as defined in Buchanan

$ Finnegan 2010).

Nomenclature.—As alluded to by the specific epithet, “Appalachian Hedge-nettle” seems to be an appro-

priate colloquial name for this entity.

Etymology.—The sparse distribution of this plant in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of the

Southern Appalachians, and the fortuitous availability of “appalachiana” are responsible for the applied

epithet.

KEY TO STACHYS APPALACHIANA AND MORPHOLOGICALLY AND

GEOGRAPHICALLY RELATED SPECIES

E from Nelson 2008 and Weakley 2011)

Il-de | A liri ct. :- tnl ;

F P JP

1. Peti

CUOICS VCI

lly greater than 15 mm), 1/3 or more the length of the

blade.

2. Caly h E E h£ Ayal

3. Upper us slender, commonly branched, stem ones glabrous to sparsely pubescent; calyx glabrous

S. tenuifolia Willd.

+ + n n 1 1 nan 1 1 E > | EA $ Ves |

" to hispidulous, lobes generally straight in fruit.

2 J ' » 7

S. clingmanii

hel i 1000-2020 m)

4. Leaf blade base rounded; stem pubescence mostly retrorse; low to middle elevations (ca. 100-800 m)

S. hispida de -petioled forms)

2 Cal trails A tuck iai. ie A = 4A

| 1 Mal A 1 £C. L & +k el A | Pee BEY

p y pr 413

y lade api i S. clingmanii

6. Mid-sti SL $ m

S. cordata

, bas

6. Mid-stem leaf blades elliptic- oblong, base ados to slightly cordate, margins crenate to se

S. nuttallii tly ex Benth.

1. Petiol | Joust ck 1 ie inl IL d

ypically han 15 mm) to essentially absent.

Ce,

8. pes lobes lanceolate, about Y length of tube.

9. Upper stem faces, inflorescence axis, and calyx moderately or densely glandular-pubescent; calyx lobes

BN An in fruit; flowers 8-10 per verticil . appalachiana

ARES em faces and Inflorescence auis glabrous, calyx with none or very few glandular trichomes, if

ver ticil S. hispida

8. Gi cbe deltoid, less than Y length of tube.

g eglandular put S. matthewsii

10 c. Se p L ngl ke, I di g 4 /, gl Baal p

f blad 8-10 per verticil

Uy Lea ees elliptic; flowers 6 per vertici * manta shor peed m

> 1 ngl gi tafl A L ly J 4 p 4 £, E a d 1 g ic n never

foliose S. latidens

12. Leaf margins sharply infl bracts gradually reduced upward from first flowering verticil, t

foliose pese Rydb.

Second Author's note.—In the summer of 1974 I was a brand new graduate student at Clemson University, hav-

ing been taken under the care and direction of John E. Fairey, III. My experience with hedge-nettles up to that

point had been limited to seeing herbarium specimens and images in publications, and I was thrilled to take

part in one of Professor Fairey's pilgrimages to Morgantown and West Virginia University. Our trip in July of

that summer thus had two aims: Fairey's reconnoitering and some business with his former professor, Earl

Core, and my collecting hedge-nettles (among other things). Interestingly, Core had located a hedge-nettle in

Pocahontas County, West Virginia that he was saving for me, a plant eventually described as a new taxon,

Stachys eplingii.

The morning of July 23 surely broke bright and beautiful at Clemson, and we reached Ashe County well

after lunch-time. On not much more than a whim, we parked along the side of US 221 (at what I mistakenly

indicated was the New River proper, but was actually the South Fork of the New River) to botanize. The scent

of mowed hay, the sound of meadowlarks, and the gorgeous mountain scenery had me in a trance...and by

golly, there was a hedge-nettle down there in the grass, a big, pink-flowered, profoundly hairy one. (In retro-

spect, it seems that the type locality was very degraded habitat, no doubt what was left of a meadow bog, now

the base of a road shoulder at a cow pasture.)

Eos — it was: my pin —— in the field, and what has turned out to be a new species. l'm not sure

, but there are at —— ges. The first is one we keep hearing,

in that the ied for botany is far from over, and that tl ty of discoveries yet to be made in our own

back yards. The second message is for students, young or old, who have licae to — botany: hold tightly to

the excitement and interest you have for plants, for you h j y of discovery!

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank A E Ke ems E. Fairey III, K. Brad Kelly, Jr., Doug W. Ogle, and Thomas F.

Wieboldt for their il initial di y of this taxon. Appreciation is extended to Robert F.C.

Naczi for providing the Latin diagnosis for this species. We ih would Nike to mcm our Facete: to i

Fleming, Alexander Krings, FUHR Townsend for p

i 3

h; TS E a dt Th Vds | ^ f£ : K

Last ly, ne prena os] AAA CA 7 A + ss ia

Re ue with luris Gap Club, Aliam County, NC, as well as a grant (to beu] from the Barbara

Harvill Fund for study of the flora of Virginia. Publication costs for this paper have been defrayed by the W.T.

Batson Endowment for the A.C. Moore Herbarium.

414 i ae

rrr

REFERENCES

BRAUN, E.L. 1950. Decid f f eastern North America. MacMillan n Publishing KOOPA: New Vark New York.

BUCHANAN, M.F. AND J.T. FINNEGAN (EDS.). 2010. N IH ran p Carolina. North

Carolina ap bci — do "€ Carolina.

FENNEMAN, N. M. 1938. Physiogr McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York.

FLEMING, G.P., J.B. Mess AND n F jon 2011. A new hedge-nettle (Stachys: Lamiaceae) from the mid-Atlantic

Piedmont and one Pain ER ^ ae scum E PoR Res. pina Texas 5:9-18.

Harper, R.M. 1947. Preliminary | ics. Castanea 12:100-112.

LAMONT, E.E. 1990. Eupat lei (A ) pecies f thern Appalachian Mountains of Eastern

U.S.A. Brittonia 42:279-282.

MULLIGAN, G.A. AND D.B. MUNRO. 1989. Taxonomy of North Ameri pecies of Stachys (Labiatae) found north of M

Naturaliste Canad. 116:35-51.

MURDOCK, N.A. 1994, R nd endangered plants and animals of southern Appalachian wetlands. Water, Air, and Soil

Pollution 77:385-405.

NELSON, J.B. 2008. A new hedge-nettle (S i ) from the Interior Highlands of the United States, and keys

to th theast pecies. J. Bot. Res dee Ten Ene Shes

PITTILLO, J.D. 1994. Vegetati fth ppalachian bog 1 impli f their vegetational

history. Water, Air, and Soil — 77: 333- €

xls AND AE. giran 1982 I l f Sehirus cinctus ci (Hemip Cydnidae)

Ann SR Soc "ES 75: 210-215.

SMALL, J.K. 1903. Flora of the Soulbessióm United States, being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies

growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas,

Louisiana, and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one hundredth meridian. Published by the author, New York, New

York.

WEAKLEY, A.S. 2011. Flora of the southern and mid-Atlantic States, working draft of 15 May 2011. University of North

Carolina Herbarium, N.C. Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Woon, C.E., Jr. 1970. Some floristic relationships between the southern Appalachians and western North America. In:

Holt, P.C., ed. The distributional history of the biota of the southern Appalachians. Part Il: Flora. Virginia Polytechnic

Institute and State University, Blacksburg. Pp. 331-404.

A NEW SPECIES OF ERIGERON (ASTERACEAE)

FROM SOUTHWESTERN OREGON

Kenton L. Chambers

Department of Botany and de Pathology

Oregon State University

zi Cordley iol

Corvallis, Oregon Pics -2902, U.S.A.

chamberk@science.oregonstate.edu

ABSTRACT

lliae K.L. Chambers sp. nov., i 1 lemi i f i ites in th Rang f | urry

1 "bus rye f, 1 A n n

r Ly

Con ınty, Oregon. A b lly difficult F. eatonii sens. lat. allianc

complex, including E. robustior, E. AAA E. lassenianus, and E. eatonii var. vins

RESUMEN

As 1 $ i T a Asli > ul Ap! A Curry

Erigeron mm a K. E Chambers, sp. nov.

U lifícil del E. eatonii sens. lat

County, Oregón

nados del complejo, incluyendo E. robustior, E. maniopotamicus, E lasscitapus, y E. eatonii var. plantagineus.

DESCRIPTION

Erigeron stansellii K.L. Chambers, e nov. (Figs. 1-2). Type: U.S.A. OREGON. Curry Co.: Flycatcher Spring, U.S. Forest

Service Road 1703 off Hunter Creek Road, T.37S., R.13W., Sect. 19, elev. 744 m, gravelly Mm a on roadside flat, mixed

shrub/woodland, with Pinus jeffreyi, P. attenuata, P. monticola, Quercus vaccinifolia, A is, 20 Jun 2009, K.L

Chambers 6447 (HOLOTYPE: OSC 226910; ISOTYPES: BRIT, NY, UC).

1 : 1 e fali; IH! J; l; " : ASE,

ffinis a E. eatonii var.

Species ad E

1 A y ^ : s: 3-2 1 2 A : E de

1 As BE P HIS aF 1 fal E 1n 1

B modice glandu-

liferis et strigosis differt.

Plants petenda up -rooted, tappiot slender, ues mm Sianna surface striate, caudices short (rarely elon-

gate), 1 le or 1(rarely 2p M specially, erect

, G-)

or decumbent, 7-25 cm, moan or sparsely er leafy 0.3-0.8 times length, distal p

1 Lyi hoe Yi mall j basal rosette,

5-10 cm, glabrous or sparsely strigose, minutely glandular

entire, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, mostly l-nerved, 4-12 cm long, 2-5 mm pen glabrous or sparsely

strigose, cauline leaves 4-8, 0.25—0.33(-0.7) times basal, gradually or promptly reduced distally, linear to nar-

rowly elliptic, 0.5—4 cm long, glabrous or loosely strigose on both surfaces, with unicellular or few-celled,

sharply pointed trichomes. Heads 1—2(—4) per stem, held well above leaves, involucres 5-6(-7) mm high,

5-10(-11) mm wide (pressed), phyllaries in 2-3 equal or subequal series, linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate,

I-nerved, margins green (on outer) or narrowly scarious (on inner phyllaries), loosely or densely white-pilose

to strigose dorsally, with under layer of minute glandular pili (Fig. 2). Ray florets 14-36, corollas 6-10 mm

long, 1-1.5 mm wide, white or pinkish, curling abaxially in age. Disc florets corollas 3-4 mm, teeth deltate,

acute. Cypselae 3-4 mm (immature), 2-nerved, sparingly to densely strigose; pappus of 14—24 free, minutely

po bristles, 2.8-3.0 mm long, with a few short outer setae. Chromosome number: 2n = ca. 18.

]: OREGON. C Spring, near Red es tm the — bua ail the Pistol River, T.37S.,

R. Eres Sect. 19, 15 Jun 1970, W.G. Schroeder s.n (OSC 1 32317); McKinl g h, T.37S., R.13W., Sect.

ntine “shingle” with scrub oaks, Arni Senecio canus, Mi l n 1982, V. Stansell s.n. (OSC 158310);

» Serpe

ce Spring, Pistol River drainage, T.375., R. BW, Sect. 19, 6 Jun 2009, V. Stansell s.n. ase 226909

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 415 — 419. 2011

£T risi

texas 5(2)

416 Journal of

HOLOTYPE

ERIGERON STANSELLIAE K. L, Chambers

Annotated: K. L, Chambers, 8 July 2011

1 OREGON STATE

UNIVERSITY

ft. June 20, 2009

K.L. Chambers (6447)

Fic. 1. Habit of Erigeron stanselliae (holotype, OSC). Scale = 5.1 cm.

Chambers, A ies of Eri f 0 417

. Scale — 1.25 cm.

Etymology, habitat, and distribution.—named in honor of Veva Stansell, long-time resident botanist of south-

western Oregon, who guided the author to the population from which the type collection was taken. The two

known localities for this species, McKinley Mine and Flycatcher Spring, are some 5 km apart, north to south,

near the western margin of the Siskiyou National Forest, about 11 km east and 13 km southeast, respectively,

from Gold Beach. The habitat is mixed scrubland and woodland, in serpentine gravel or “shingle.” Plants are

shorter, with d bent stems, in open sites, erect and taller when growing up through mats of Arctostaphylos

nevadensis (Fig. 1). Additional associated species, from field notes, include Chamaecyparis lawsoniana,

Juniperus communis, Antennaria suffrutescens, Garrya buxifolia, Ceanothus pumilus, Erigeron foliosus, and

Polygala californica. Detailed ecological studies of the habitat have not been done, and population sizes of the

species are not known. On the Geological Map of Oregon (U. S. Geological Survey, GW. Walker and N.S.

MacLeod 1991), these sites are in a small area, about 20 km long and up to 5 km wide, comprising ultramafic

and related rocks of Jurassic ophiolite sequences, locally altered to serpentinite. There are no exposures of

similar ultramafics between this occurrence and the coast, the closest being about 10 km to the east. The near-

coastal climate and serpentine substrate may be unique to E. stanselliae, although it would be unusual if the

418 1 ee eee e Taai fü ay ae ae ET. E

species were limited in distribution t h ll There i l itand the related

E. maniopotamicus G.L. Nesom € TW. Nelson, E. robustior (ron G.L. Nes [E. decumbens ssp. robs

tior Cronquist (1947)], and E. lassenianus Greene [including E. flexuosus Cronquist (1947)] found in Humboldt

and Trinity Cos., California (Nesom & Nelson 2004). The intervening area, particularly in Del Norte Co.,

might be searched for similar eae sites D occupied by E. a The related E. eatonii var.

plantagineus (Greene) Cronquist d taxon, approaching E. st the east only as far as

Jackson Co., e.g. Chambers 4358, Red Mtn., OSC (Strother & Ferlatte 1988, map pg. 79).

DISCUSSION

I had originally annotated two OSC herbarium collections of the new i E eatonii var. plantagin-

eus. However, in conjunction with his study of this species (Strother & Ferlatte 1988), John cd later an-

notated these sheets “not E. eatonii, perhaps E. peregrinus alliance near E. cervinus.” In my opinion, E. stansel-

liae does not compare well with the latter two species but is better placed in the E. eatonii alliance. To quote

— on and Ferlatte (1988), IUE gue apay an the NORE ee pattern of some-

, more often, sul dl y the phr ase 'Erige ron eatonii

and allied taxa.” sib git Manipis was added to the complex by Nesom and Nelson (2004), who com-

par ed their species with related taxa found in 1 Californi d adj t Oregon (mainly E. eatonii

var. plantagineus, E. robustior, and E. lassenianus). Key traits used in this comparison were (1) size of heads, (2)

presence of caudex branches, (3) phyllaries eglandular or minutely glandular, (4) cauline leaves bracteate or

absent near heads, or continuing relatively unreduced to near heads, a d —— shape ang apiculation.

The es "em son das ku Nesom — sen (2004) and N g E. stanselliae

Oo E pl

1. Involucres 6-8.5 mm high, (12-)14-20 ide (p 1), phyllaries eglandul E. robustior

T NODUM pud. mm high, 5 5 12¢ 14) ide ( 1), phyllari i ly glandular or eglandular.

b P JI 2

2.P 1 H in

3 Ca ai leaves continuing relatively: unreduced to near heads; phyllaries elliptic-oblanceolate to ¿paa

artis —

ic heads; phyllari ly! i ly obl 3 eatonii

var. se

2. F DL i ely g g L al ly + ig HI al y

4.1 1 ill infl [ I if present. mostly distal line | f

ot much reduced dui: peduncles 1 | dams cm, lly head E lassenianus

4. Pet glabrou rsely k } if present, medial, el leaves 4 8, gradually or

promptly mala dai: peduncles (3-)5-10 cm, lightly gl g E. stanselliae

Vegetative traits used in these comparisons are affected by age and growth conditions, as shown by plants at

the type locality (Fig. 1). All the taxa seem to puri in de degree to which cauline leaves are reduced distally,

and the size of the taproot, 11 hes, must depend, in part, on plant age. Degree of

branching, number of heads per stem, and length of floral peduncles may also reflect age and robustness of

Al Density oi s kel C stem na: is a notable difference, which may be less affected by conditions

least pubescent in the above group of related taxa; its leaves are

esito diri anda at the most are lightly strigose with weak trichomes. The stems are also lightly stri-

gose, never densely and stiffly strigose near the apex as in most other taxa. The minute glandular hairs of the

stem apex and involucres, in this taxon and in E. lassenianus, are only discernable at 20x magnification or

higher (Fig. 2). In herbarium speci they show best on phyllaries at the es q de head, mae were not

compressed in the drying process, while on the flattened sides of the head of bro-

ken-off villous trichomes, and these mimic short, non-glandular hairs. In our MA. preparations, no

meiotic cells were present, but a count of approximately 18 was obtained from mitotic divisions in somatic

tissue. The diploid number 2n - 18 is also reported for E. eatonii var. plantagineus and E. lassenianus (Nesom

2006). Polyploidy and apomixis are therefore not indicated for the new species, which is presumed to repro-

duce only sexually.

IA AER

Chambers, A ies of Eri fi 0 419

1 J: FE Tl 11: f. E q 4 » (NI AT

Adaptation t (Nesom &

Nelson 2004) and E. Reus var. as (Strother & Faja 1988) but not from E. niustior or E. lassenia-

nus. Its geographical isolation and probable lack of recent hybridization with related taxa of northwestern

California are factors in the morphological distinctness and implied species status of E. stanselliae as here

described.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Special thanks are extended to Guy L. Nesom for his taxonomic advice, to Veva Stansell for field assistance

with this study, and to Gerald Carr for preparation and study of mitotic chromosomes. George Poinar and

Stephen Meyers helped with the illustrations. Loans of specimens from the University of California, Berkeley

(JEPS, UC) and Humboldt State University (HSU) are gratefully acknowledged. I thank Richard Noyes and

Guy L. Nesom for their critical reviews of the manuscript.

REFERENCES

CRONQUIST, A. 1947. Revision of the North Ameri ies of Eri th of Mexico. Brittonia 6:121-302.

Nesom, G.L. 2006. Erigeron. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico

20:256-348

NESOM, G.L. AND T.W. NELSON. 2004. A new species of Erig (Ast Ast ) f rthwestern California. Sida

STROTHER, J.L. AND W.J. FERLATTE. 1988. Review of Erigeron eatonii and allied taxa (Compositae: Astereae). Madrono

420 1 1.gfek.D ea hit ie £T. TEM

BOOK REVIEWS

BARRY G. HALL. 2010. Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy: A How-To Manual, Fourth Edition. 2011. (ISBN-13:

978-0-87893-606-9, pbk.). Sinauer Associates, Inc., 23 Plum Tree Road, P.O. Box 407, Sunderland,

Massachusetts 01375-0407, U.S.A. (Orders: 413-549-4300, orders@sinauer,com). $49.95, 282 pp., 221

illustrations, 94" x 7".

The author describes this book as “a ‘cookbook’ Wiat to aid beginners in creating phylogenetic trees from

protein or nucleic acid sequence data.” It should not | d alone text, but it is a wonderful “how-to”

manual of creating and describing the phylogenetic trees produced by inputting molecular data. It provides

steps from start to finish on how to build and interpret a tree.

The first few chapters of the book describe the different computer programs (many of which are free

downloads) and how exactly to use these programs. Most helpful are the many figures in the book which

guides a user through — m ee and lon are words ly used by the author to literally walk

a user tl h tl Some of the prog hat the author uses are

BLAST MUSCLE, Sealy, MEGA. E GUIDANCE, d Codeml. Later chapters describ ftl (i

; e 3: ` 1 A ype

of directional selection.

The author does go into some detailed explanations in the “Learn More About” boxes found throughout

the book. He explains evolutionary das EUR ESE Jornaas c de es. and others.

However, as stated earlier, the author i

Overall, this is an incredibly helpful book to those trying k conid the luar histories of

proteins, species, or populations.—Sam Kieschnick, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive,

Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

DaviD M. WILLIAMS AND SANDRA KNAPP, EDITORS. 2010. Beyond Cladistics or the Branching of a Paradigm.

(ISBN:-10: 0520267729, ISBN-13: 978-0-520-26772-5, hbk.). Species and Systematics Series 3. The University

of California Press, Berkeley, CA, c/o California/Princeton, Fulfillment Services, 1445 Lower Ferry Road,

Ewing, New Jersey 08618, U.S.A. (Orders: phone 1-800-777-4726). $65.00, 330 pp., 14 b/w photos, 47

illustrations, 8 tables, 6" x 9".

TI 1 E f, Jl tT. m E PRY ap } 11

olin Patt d Gary Nelson, the cladistics

revolution “began in the 1960s, lea in the 1970s, and was virtually oiii by the eighties”. Cladistics

is phylogenetic systematics apa a isa ee of Pa pepe un pais qum d Aigle of evo-

lutionary history. Even t methodolo-

gies and techniques are devloplig as well as being improved. Newer ania tools and more imaginative

uses are also contributing to the development of cladistics. This book is about the future of cladistics and the

ways it has and is influencing its future. It is also a tribute to Chris Humphries who is now a major force in its

development. In addition to ima the ecu asa iios liga: is comprised of its past, present and future),

a new tool, DNA, now brings the species back into the picture. The book is divided into Botany, Cladistics and

Biogeography, each with several hipit by various authors. An excellent book with in-depth analysis ex-

plaining why cladistics’ real value lies in the careful specimen examination and then comparing it to previ-

ously described taxa.—Troy Mullens, Volunteer, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort

Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 420. 2011

AGROSTIS LACUNA-VERNALIS (POOIDEAE: POEAE: AGROSTIDINAE),

A NEW SPECIES FROM CALIFORNIA

Paul M. Peterson & Robert J. Soreng David Styer

Department of Botany P.O. Box 444

National Museum of Natural History Moss Landing, CA 950339, U.S.A.

Smithsonian Institution david.styer@sbcglobal.net

Washington, DC 2 -7012, U.S.A

peterson@si.edu;sorengr@si.edu

Dylan Neubauer npo Morgan

6 Back Ranch Road arket Street

Santa Cruz, California 95060, U.S.A. s d California 95060

dneubauer1111@gmail.com

Vern Yadon

119 Buena Vista Aven

TN ic Grove, California 99505597

vly@mbay.ne

ABSTRACT

Ll: 1 A f

Agrostis lacuna- he PM D. Lec g Sp. nov., i 1 "PP | 1;H A Tl p

1 Pee Y) HE : dad icf | MAS y n £i Nl

y Base. The new species is inco:

F 7 J>

iplo E ATQ 3 3 0 1-cr ds, 1 : (gue um shorter glumes (1 5-2 4 mm versus 1 8- 4mm), shorter lemmas (1.1-1.5

mm versus 1.5-3 mm), and longer paleas (o. 4-0. 7n mm versus «0.3 mm).

RESUMEN

Qs a 41 E A 2e1 He DM Pot AT d T s Aa A

1 A 3 Eds 1 1 UE SOL A Y Calif i 1 1 1 A EMT s Pa ee |

o F ’ 7

foló imilar al A. blasdalei dif i iend habito anual, los glumas mas cortos (1. adea

contra 1. 8- 4 mm), los Wn más cortos (1.1-1.5 mm contra a 5-3 mm) y los paleas más largos (0.4-0.7 mm contra +0.3

A small annual species B Agrostis 3 Pa ione pnis or on A: wba ron Ord ind Mr Base, now

Fort Ord Public Lands ( ior, Bureau

of Land Management) in Monterey County, California. Ellen Holmes, Nicolas Jensen: Randall Morgan, Dylan

Neubauer, David Styer, and Vern Yadon initially collected this enigmatic grass but were unable to name it.

Consequent i m zn RI? were contacted for help, and based on their knowledge, it did not appear to be any

previously de Agrostis. Since iod new taxon is pon in habit, has narrow panicles, and has

spikelets lcs uma ibd latively long paleas, there is nothing simi-

lar to it in the Flora of North America (Harvey 1993, 2007) and the second edition of the Jepson Manual

(Peterson & Harvey in press). The possibility that the plant might be an introduction was considered, but it

does not match any sp from elsewhere in the world (Clayton et al. 2006). Earlier work on native coastal

California Agrostis by Crampton (1967) recognized A. clivicola Crampton with two varieties, both now placed

in synonymy of A. densiflora Vasey, and A. blasdalei var. marinensis Crampton, now placed in synonymy of A.

blasdalei Hitchc. (Harvey 1993, 2007; Peterson & diye A in =

Agrostis is a member of the subtribe A bfamily Pooideae (S tal.

2007). The A tidi distributed gl bill in i ] l ins, include 16 gen-

era in some 550 species worldwide (Clayton & Revolzé 1986), and can be aieri be single-flowered

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 421 — 426. 2011

422 i Insti 5(2)

spikelets, gl ling the | , lemmas with lateral veins extending to the apex, usually dorsal awns,

hyaline paleas, neni ligules, and earyapsee pe a poeta nh and pon in The subtribe

includes the diverse, ecologically important, ) g 8 ly 220

species), pM ims rca! 270 species), 11 l ller g (Saarela et al 2010)

In this paper d p to science.

gas kocana- venalis P.M. Peterson & Soreng, sp. nov. (Fig. Da TYPE: U.S.A. CALIFORNIA. Monterrey Co.: Fort Ord

, Butterfly Valley, dd 8 km SS SSW of E / of Sal alinas, 36?37' 56.2" N, 121°44' 39.2 "W, 140 m,

27 7 Apr-22 May 2010, R. Morgan, D. Styer & D. Neubauer s.n. (HOLOTYPE: US-3621794!).

Ab Agrostis blasdalei plantis annuis, glumis 1.5-2.4 mm longis, lemmatibus 1.1-1.5 mm longis, paleais 0.4-0.7 mm longis, recedit.

Loosely tufted annuals; major roots 0.1-0.3 mm diam.; culms (1.5-)5-30 cm tall, slender (ca. 0.25 mm diam),

erect to decumbent at the base, or slightly geniculate, smooth; internodes 2 or 3 per culm, nodes yellowish-

brown, smooth, glabrous. Vegetative shoots intravaginal, prophylls (within 1-3 cm of the base), flattened and

papery, 2 keeled, smooth except on the "es rA rte ene e basal; sheaths % to % as long as the

internodes below, open to the b f upper leaves 1.2-1.7 mm long, hya-

line, margins decurrent, io lighüy SAA apex secció to dae erose, scabrous; blades 1.4-5(-11)

mm long, 0.3-1(-1.5) mm wide, flat, folded to loosely involute on drying, thin and delicate, margins moder-

ately minutely scaberulous, abaxially lightly scaberulous. Panicles 1-7.5 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, narrow, spi-

cate, with 12-90(-110) spikelets, 1-3 branches per node; branches mostly 0.6-1.4 cm long, strict, appressed to

suberect, capillary, moderately scabrous, hooks not in distinct lines; pedicels shorter or up to 2.5x longer than

the spikelets, distally slightly expanded 0.2-0.3 mm just below the spikelet. Spikelets 1.5-2.4 mm long, 1-flow-

ered; rachilla extension absent; glumes 1.5-2.4 mm long, longer than the floret, subequal (first slightly larger),

ovate, necne to scarious, greenish to distinctly purplish, 1-veined, laterally compressed, smooth to

minutely low, scaberulous on the upper sides or only near the apex, more coarsely scaberulous

along mid-vein from near the base, the minute hooks whitish under 10-50x magnification, apex mostly acute,

scaberulous, margins lightly scabrous with slender hooks from near the middle to the apex; callus distinct,

short, blunt, smooth, glabrous, disarticulation scar round; lemmas 1.1-1.5 mm long, subchartaceous, fragile,

glossy, obscurely 5-veined, smooth, glabrous, clear to light green with a purplish blush near the vein tips and

sometimes on the ius lapins keel vein iue: to near di aid the pud veins faintly visible near the

here I within 0.15 mm ofthe

id smooth, apex obtuse int HARE erose with age; file 0.7-1.1 mm ae hag pimus 142 as long as the lem-

ma, scarious-hyaline, smooth, obscurely 2 veined, the veins closely spaced, the outer margin broader than the

inter-keel gap, apex obtuse and minutely erose; stamens 3, anthers 0.4-0.7 mm long, yellowish; lodicules 2,

0.4-0.5 mm long, hyaline, slightly acentrically s-shaped, elliptic-lanceolate, entire, glabrous; ovary glabrous

with two terminal adjacent styles and two stigmas. Caryopses 0.9-1.2 mm long, sub-adherent to the palea,

ellipsoid, ventrally longitudinally distinctly grooved, dorsiventrally compressed, light greenish-brownish,

translucent, embryo about ' the length of the fruit, hilum indistinct, endosperm slightly malleable (lipid

present).

h : Toa eS 4 SFE 2

Comments. The new I th f Agrostis in North America by the

following combination of dunes annual habit, narrow spicate panicles: spikelets with a glabrous callus,

unawned lemmas that are smooth and subchartaceous, and anthers 0.4-0.7 mm long. The species is named

after the habitat, vernal pool; “lacuna” for pool, and “vernalis” for spring or ephemeral.

Distribution and habitat.—Agrostis lacuna-vernalis is known from Mima mound area in Butterfly Valley

(Fort Ord Army Military Base) and Machine Gun Flats (Fort Ord Public Lands) on the Monterey Peninsula

between 115-145 meters elevation. It grows within or on the margins of vernal pools and is associated with (*=

exotic/introduced): *Aira caryophyllea L., Allium hickmanii Eastw., *Avena barbata Link, *Briza minor L.,

Brodiaea terrestris Kellogg ssp. terestris, *Bromus hordeaceus L., Calochortus uniflorus Hook. & Arn., Castilleja

ambigua ssp. insallutata (Jeps.) T.I. Chuang & Heckard, Cicendia quadrangularis (Lam.) Griseb., *Cotula coro-

AO AN,

— SN f

^ A

ERE

Peterson et al., A

ventral view. G. Lodicules, stamens, pistil, and palea. H. Palea, dorsal view. |. Lodicules, pistil, and palea. J. Caryopsis, ventral view. K. Caryopsis, lateral

view. L. Caryopsis, dorsal view.

Fic. 1. Agrostis lacuna-vernalis [R. Morgan, D. Styer & D. Neubauer s.n. (US)]. A. Habit. B. Branch. C. Spikelet. D. Lemma, lateral view. E. Floret. F. Lemma,

424 i LM Y D :e4| D Uy a roS f Texas 5(2)

nopifolia L., Danthonia calif Bol., Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Benth., Elatine brachysperma A. Gray,

Eleocharis ES (L.) Born: & Šchali. asian armatum (S. Watson) J.M. Coult. & Rose, Isoetes howellii

Engelm., Juncus bufonius (L.) var. bufonius, *J. capitatus Weigel, Lasthenia conjugens Greene, Leptosiphon parvi-

florum Benth., Lilaea scilloides (Poir.) Hauman, *Lolium multiflorum Lam., *Lythrum hyssopifolia L., Microseris

paludosa (Greene) J.T. How L., Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. hickmanii (Greene) 1.M. Johnst.,

Pilularia americana A. oid, m. "Plantago coronopus L., P. elongata Pursh, P. erecta E. Morris, Psilocarphus chilen-

sis A. Gray, Ranunculus h., Sisyrinchium bellum S. Watson, Trifolium barbigerum Torr., T. buck-

westiorum Isely, T. 2b d Greene, T. truncatum (Greene) Greene, T. variegatum Nutt., and *Vulpia bromoides

(L.) Gray.

Additional specimens examined. U.S.A. California. Monterey Co.: Butterfly Valley, 24 May 2011, D. Styer, C. Schneider, S. Hubbard, N.

Wigington & K. Kasunich 1 (JEPS); D. Styer, C. Schneider, S. Hubbard, N. Wigington & K. Kasunich 2 (CAS); D. Styer, C. Schneider, S. Hubbard,

N. Wigington & K. Kasunich 3 (US); D. Styer, C. Schneider, S. Hubbard, N. Wigington & K. Kasunich 4 (RSA); Machine Gun Flats, 27 May 2011,

D. Styer s.n. (JEPS, US).

DISCUSSION

The new species can be distinguished from other species of Agrostis in North America and California by pos-

sessing the following combination of characters: annual habit, narrow spicate panicles, spikelets with a gla-

brous callus, unawned lemmas, palea V; the lemma, and anthers 0.4-0.7 mm long. Agrostis lacuna-vernalis

is morphologically similar to three other California natives, A. blasdalei, A. densiflora, and A. variabilis Rydb.

(Peterson & Harvey in press; Table 1). The new species differs from A. blasdalei by having an annual habit,

shorter glumes (1.5-2.4 mm versus 1.8-4 mm), shorter lemmas (1.1-1.5 mm versus 1.5-3 mm), and longer

paleas (0.4-0.7 mm versus «0.3 mm). It differs from A. densiflora by having an annual habit, narrower blades

[0.3-1 (-1.5) mm versus 2-10 mm], shorter lemmas d. 1-1.5 mm versus 1.5-2 mm), and a glabrous callus (ver-

sus minutely hairy). It differs from A. variabilis by 1 g l habit, shorter lemmas (1.1-1.5 mm versus

1.5-2 mm), well-developed paleas (0.4-0.7 mm versus absent or minute), and a glabrous callus (versus mi-

nutely hairy). The new species also resembles Agrostis muelleriana Vickery from Australia and New Zealand

but differs by having both cauline and basal leaf blades (mostly basal in A. muelleriana), narrower leaf blades

[0.3-1(-1.5) mm versus 1-5 mm], shorter ligules (1.2-1.7 mm versus 2-3 mm), shorter glumes [1.5-2.4 mm

versus (2-)2.2-3.5 mm), shorter lemmas 1.1-1.5 mm versus 1.3-2(-3) mm], and longer paleas (0.4-0.7 mm

versus vestigial or absent) [Jacobs 2009].

Although we consider the new species to |

1 . . P r

g to Agrostis s.s., Agrostis s.l. have only

been superficially examined by DNA studies (S t al. 2007; Saarela et al. 2010), pen their taxonomy can be

rei The pores icm for the Roue Manual: Vascular Plants of California, ed. 2 (JMVPC2) treats

in A to treat as (K Rugolo, and two perennials we prefer

to de as dilectis s flot (G. Forst.) Trin. and Podagrostis CS alae (Hitchc.) Hultén. The separa-

tion of these genera from Agrostis was/is accepted in the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Soreng et al. 2003,

201 D. and was ice pied for tue Flora of "DEN America (Barkworth et al. 2007). Under the imposed JMVPC2

ies of Agrostis in California. Below we present a modified key to

diese uud adding the new species to the A tist of Peterson & Harvey (in press) in JMVPC2.

The new species is globally rare. It is locals frequent, but only known from within a 2.5 km? area, and

then only within wetlands in that area. There are estimated to be between 1000 and 10,000 individuals. Its

maximum potential range is limited; similar, more or less intact Mima mound/vernal pool habitat covers less

than 5 km? in nee a UNER e Google, binge ee photo projection). Possible threats in-

clude g ther plants, and d f habitat f. 1 building, off road

vehicles, CRINES livestocl ing. and ad h to tl i

o o o X2 X

Peterson et al ¿A

p g 425

TaBLE 1. M p hol gi land hat fA h l lar Calif A blasdalei, A densiflora, and A. variabilis

Species A. blasdalei A. densiflora A. variabilis A. lacuna-vernalis

Longevity perennial perennial short-lived perennial annual

Lemma length (mm) 1.5-3 1.5-2 1.5-2 1.1-1.5

Lemma awn (mm) erp: vea occasionally present, generally absent absent

4—7.5, geniculat < 3.5, straight

Lemma texture scareous, easily scareous, easily torn or scareous, easily torn subchartaceous,

& vestiture torn or punctured, punctured, mat to or punctured, mat to glossy, smooth,

mat to sub-lustrous, sub-lustrous, smooth, sub-lustrous, easily fractured,

smooth, nerves distinct nerves distinct smooth, nerves obscure

nerves distinct

Palea length (mm) ca. 0.3 0.5-0.7 absent or minute 0.7-1.1

Palea/Lemma ratio < 1/3 + 1/3 n/a or < 1/2-2/3

Anther length (mm) 1-2 +0.5 0.4-0.7

Callus glabrous minutely hairy minutely hairy on glabrous

the margins

Panicle density dense dense airly dense fairly dense

Panicle exertion base generally included well exerted well exerted well exerted

in upper sheat

Longest branches « 0.5 « 0.5 0.5-1.5 0.6-1.4

(cm

Elevation (m) 100 < 200 1600-4000 115-145

Habitat stal bluffs, dune coastal bluffs, cliffs, meadows, talus vernal pools around

scrub, gravelly pores scrub, sandy soils slopes, subalpine Mima mounds

forests, and alpine

1. Lemmas awnless

KEY TO THE ANNUAL SPECIES OF “AGROSTIS”

IN CALIFORNIA

A. lacuna-vernalis

T irons pego from beck or near the tip.

Panicles

E, a il n n Pci

2. Panicles dense

overlapping icl learly visibl:

g: P VISIDIC.

A. elliottiana Schult.

3. Lemma teeth 4 4, two « 21 mm long, other two 1-1.5

A. tandilensis Kuntze Parodi

3. Lemma teeth 0 or 2, equal in length; lemmas awned at or above middle; callus generally sparsely hairy, hai

minute.

4. Lemmas 2-4 mm long, awn 8-10 mm long

4. Lemmas 1.5-2 mm long, awn 3.5-8 mm long

A. hendersonii Hitchc.

A. microphylla Steud.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Alain Touwaide for help preparing the Latin diagnosis, Alee R. Tangerini for illustrating the new

species, ) suggesting I p

REFERENCES

BARKWORTH, M.E, K.M. CAPELS, S. LONG, L.K. ANDERTON, AND M.B. PiEP. 2007. Flora of North A i rth of M , volume

24. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford

CLAYTON, W.D. AND S.A. RENVOIZE. 1986. Genera Graminum. Grasses of the world. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 13:1—389.

CLAYTON, W.D., M.S. VORONTSOVA, K.T. HARMAN, AND H. WILLIAMSON. 2006 onwards. GrassBase - The online World grass flora.

The Board of Tint Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html (accessed 17 Dec

2010).

CRAMPTON, B. 1967. New Agrostis from the California coast. Brittonia 19:174—177.

HARVEY, M.J. 1993. Agrostis. In: J.C. Hickman, ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. University of California

Press, Berkeley. Pp. 1227-1231.

HARVEY, M.J. 2007. Agrostis L. In: M.E. Barkworth, K.M. Capels, S. Long, L.K. Anderton, and M.B. Piep, eds. Flora of North

426

and Oxford. 24:633-662.

JACOBS, S.W.L. 2009. Agrostis. In: A. Wilson, ed. Flora of Australia, volume 44A, Poaceae 2. CSIRO Publishi

Australia. Pp. 163-173.

rth £ MÀ

g, Melbourne,

, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York

;

PETERSON, P.M. AND M.J. HARVEY. In press. Agrostis. In: B.G. Baldwin, D.H. Goldman, DJ. Keil, R. Patterson, TJ. Rosatti, and —

D.H. Wilken, eds. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California, second edition. University of California Press, —

Berkeley. Pp. 1413-1417.

SAARELA, J.M., Q. Liu, P.M. PETERSON, - Te AND - — — Ms dp of aas Sed 'Aveneae-type plastid

clade' (Poaceae, Pooideae, P

A.S. Barfod, an

d J.I. Davis, eds Diversity, pidan d | Aarhus University Press,

Denmark. Pp. 557-587.

Seberg, G. Petersen, —

SORENG, R.J., J.l. DAVIS, AND M.A. VOIONMAA. 2007. A phylogenetic analysis of Poaceae tribe Poeae sensu lato based on —

morphological characters and sequence data from three plastid-encoded genes: evidence for reticulation, and a H

new classification for the tribe. Kew Bull. 62:425-454.

SORENG, R.J., P.M. PETE

New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:1—730.

SORENG, R.J., P.M. PETE

New World grasses (Poaceae). http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG (accessed June 2011).

RSON, G. DAVIDSE, E.J. JUDZIEWICZ, F.O. ZULOAGA, T.S. FILGUEIRAS, AND O. MORRONE. 2003. Catalogue of —

RSON, G. DAVIDSE, E.J. JUDZIEWICZ, F.O. ZULOAGA, T.S. FILGUEIRAS, AND O. MORRONE. 2011. Catalogue of —

LOMATIUM PASTORALIS (APIACEAE),

A NEW NARROW ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM NORTHEAST OREGON

* .

Mark E. Darrach David H. Wagner

m ad poetic Northwest Botanical Institute

20762 Hemlock St. N P.O. box 30064

Indianola, pri dt n iei U.S.A. Eugene, Oregon 97403, U.S.A.

dalis_mark@earthlink.net davidwagner@mac.com

mdar, achat ete

ABSTRACT

A new species, Lomatium pastoralis, is a tap-rooted, narrow endemi hall il basalt bedrock he Umatilla and

Var. llo a-Wl z : 1 f. z p si ° y ? 1 ADR "rl p i a 21 iis i g 25:5 af, E

1 fel g byl f pl logy sf] Į i ult dide 1 ped 11 gth. TI I ly g i dp I 1

f; 1 n E SA 1 1 1 1

he sp ls tot logically dominant, idely 1 pl inl l stages. The species appears to require periodic dis-

turbances in order to persist. Examination of l indi hat individuals may live i f 60 y

ently of significant conservation concern.

RESUMEN

1 Y 4. 1 A 3 i4 J 1 1 f. A A

U S A tT J A 1 1 g f. 2" 1 dos otros miembros del género v congéneres

1 lo por | fológicas de la h po de infl f lel fi ig neon del price. bs e.

HI 1 1 4 re 22

£f. p 1 I 1 1 g Į * I 1 p 1 Į 1 I E 1 spice

dominante, pl lisp las ul les. 1 F I 1 l li F persi l

paisaje rl + TER | : : 2. 1 lal PIBE dx 1 1 CO, Y | I 1 E AN ai E A I

INTRODUCTION

Collections were made pe Gy David si ii of an — MÀ rq gea in June ite from shallow

lithosol soils at 1555 ntle sot matilla County,

Oregon on the Umatilla ¡tidad forest. iiuen examination of specimens by Lincoln Constance at the

Jepson Herbarium, University of California at Berkeley, confirmed the material to be an undescribed entity. It

was po mm Lomo pastoralis by whee recalling the prior MT a eni Eo. area as an

range

of A Fr x. 4

1 2 X. CE age P | J and 1 1; el

—

oia at several ciber Ala sites: but

present status. Reports of Lomatium pones from iei ad; rcgi "e ficis not M akoes

relocated, are presently unconfirmed, or

Initial thoughts that the de was most probably n not Lh

robust nature of the type | ility to proliferate i ificially di

contributed to a delayed jniblication schedule. Nondéiods subsequent botanical survey salis of the general

area by several experienced field botanists on both the pei jid POT national forests over

the last three decades now argues strongly that the speci g need of man-

agement as a conservation interest.

E pe tian concern owing

g to wisp

*D, AAA, " a Masi. iC ct 7 CW Haileu A Pandleton Oreaon 97801

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 427 — 435. 2011

428 i E: $ A Toms Er, 5(2)

Lomatium is PR one uem et the ad in North America and it continues to be one of the most

noteworthy ever-increasing knowledge of vascular plant diversity in North America north

of Mexico. Several new species have been described over the last quarter century including L. cookii (Kagan

1986), L. shevockii (Hartman and Constance 1988), L. ochocense (Helliwell 2010), L. tamanitchii (Darrach et al.

2010), and L. bentonitum (Carlson et al. 2011). In addition, several other confirmed but as yet unpublished

RESUME A n PA E :

dal

o Ly

(P.B £11 comm. D | MEE: Pes S

It is also of significance that nearly all of the recently described species in Lomatium are of conservation

concern (NatureServe Explorer 2010). Overall, of ThE 102 presently recognized taxa comprising the genus, in

excess of 4096 are rare or present in abund over very narrow ranges. The large number of rare species

places Lomatium on a par with similar levels of Eu in two other noteworthy, diverse, and largely western

North Son enn Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) and Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) (NatureServe Explorer

2010). The mportance of Lomatium as a critical source of First Foods for native peoples, and for

herbal and potential phamaceutical uses (Lee and Soine 1968; Nielson and Jensen 1975; Hunn and French

1981; Chou et al. 2006) points toward a particularly critical need to acquire further understanding of taxo-

nomic relationships and the ecologic requirements and population parameters of this important genus of

plants.

TAXONOMY

Lomatium pastoralis D.H Wagner ex M.E. Darrach & D.H. Wagner, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tyre: U.S.A. OREGON. Umatilla

Co.: N side of Green Mono, ca. 10 mi NNE bos iin TIS R37E Ee 10. Lat. TT 16"N; Long. 118°9'42"W, elev. 1555 m

(5100 fv, all I g id p, 23 Jun 1978, D.H. Wagner 2137

(HOLOTYPE: OSC: ISOTYPES: UC, WTU).

A 1 A 1; 1 fal; LI 1

p g g g 1-3 ternata, foliis linearibus vel lineari-lanceo-

- 4 1 f1 1 1 f. lah

tase ESTE fasi ; 1 ; 1 1 1 1 . r P 1 ll:

ovalis vel deleita li 1 ipsi : ni ee eae

Herbs perennial, iii weakly aromatic, gabrous acaulescent, 0.6—3.7 dm. Taproot simple, terete, rarely

somewhat tuberous or flattened kf , 4.0-18.0 cm long, 1.0-15.0 mm wide,

surmounted by a simple root crown Mid a narrow bt pseudoscape 21.0-78.0 mm long. Old,

leaf bases usually present, appressed to the pseudoscape, 1.0-41.0 mm long, entirely beneath the ground sur-

face in all cases. Leaves 2-11 (typically 3), glabrous, compound ternate-pinnate, usually partially bipinnate,

4.5-179 cm wide, 5.6-15.2 cm long. Petioles 1.1-8.5 cm long with variably developed winged basal portions,

winged bases herbaceous, green to light violet- ded when yng Pecans tawny-chartaceous with age, with

3-15 prominent nerves. Reduced, often y present, petioles enclosed within

broad-winged bases of larger primary eaves, wings bocina or acid developed, often lacking nerves.

Pressed leaves usually ca. 15% broader than wide, the leaf outline equilaterally triangular to quadrate, rhom-

bic; axillary leaves narrowly rhombic. Leaflets spreading to weakly overlapping, entire, narrowly elliptical,

narrowly oblanceolate, spatulate or linear-filiform, ultimate segments 1-60 mm long, 0.8-9.7 mm wide, oc-

casionally bearing an obscure, minute, non- ans haat apiculus. Inner axillary leaves usually have both

the longest and most delicate narrow l t segments. Leaves with the most strongly developed peti-

ole wings tend to have the shortest ultimate leaflet segments. Peduncles terete, with minute longitudinal cor-

rugations that are noticeably rough to the touch, often anthocyanic, 6.3-32.3 cm long when mature, basal

portion bale Mac d peces: distal pure curving to Some Rd to steeply ascending,

greatly , up to 10 per plant

(typically 2 or 3: shorter, axillary peduncles often present. Rays 322, nbedquali in length in flower, becoming

markedly so as the fruit matures, dimidiate, usually spreading less than 180°. In flower the shortest rays 1.0-

4.0 mm, longest rays 2.3-63 mm, longer rays bearing umbellets with mostly perfect flowers but often a few

scattered male flowers present, shorter rays usually bearing predominantly or entirely male flowers. Shortest

rays 1.0-22 mm on fruiting inflorescences, longest rays 12.6-106.0 mm on fruiting inflorescences. Involucel

430 n late D cc. D CM eere Het f Texas 5(2)

bracts 1-12 (typically 4-8), 1.6-5.0 mm long, 0.1-1.3 mm wide, glabrous, free to the base, herbaceous, usually

1 1 1

with a prominent mid-vein, oft lly strong-

ly dimidiate, rarely wanting, variously shaped but always narrow, from narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly

lanceolate, narrowly obovate, weakly spatulate, narrowly elliptic, or linear. Short, staminate umbellets fre-

1 A jJ 1 t A 1 it

quently ter, irregularly deciduous by maturity. Male flower

pedicels 0.9-2.7 mm long, consistently longer on average than perfect flower pedicels; perfect flower pedicels

0.3-1.2 mm. Flowers glabrous, 5-29 per umbellet; petals bright yellow to rarely cream, 1.2-1.6 mm long,

ith 1 t pe CER ere Se a seme da Al

0.4-0.9 mm wide, with acleartog : y ovate, with an adaxially strongly incurved,

0.2-0.3 mm apiculus; anthers bright yellow to creamy yellow, 0.3 mm long, 0.25 mm wide; stylopodia green,

styles incurved, 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm long, 0.2 mm wide. Fruit 0-21 per umbellet, the longer rays usually bearing

more fruits, fruits hemispherically arranged on the umbellets, pedicels ascending-spreading to erect, 0.1-54

mm (typically 2.53.5 mm) long. Fruits glabrous, 5.3-114 mm long, 2.2-3.8 mm wide, body portion 1.5 mm

to 2.7 mm thick, wing 0.15-0.60 mm, not obviously thickened, strongly dorsiventrally compressed, base

rounded, tips acute to weakly acuminate, often weakly falcate and elliptical, narrowly elliptical to ovate and

oblong, color al ing y and dark gray (5Y4/3) and very dark gray (2.5Y3/1) intervals (Munsell, 2000).

Dorsal surface of the fruits have 3-4) strongly developed nerves not elevated above the fruit surface; vittae

obscure, 3—5 (typically 3) in the intervals, 13 (typically 1) along the isure, 1 in each of the proximal

tions of the wings. Carpophore cleft to base, persistent.

Measurements presented here are derived from a combination of dried and pressed herbarium material

and mat luated fi peci fresl ,and in, the field. Lomatium pastorali ges in late April

to early May, or as prevalent snowpack may allow. Flowers are at or near anthesis in late May and very early

June, with fully mature fruit present by late June. Plants rapidly become fully senescent shortly thereafter.

Accurate on-the-ground evaluation of the presence of Lomatium pastoralis is very difficult after mid-July in

most years.

Habitat.—Lomatium pastoralis is generally found on gently sloping, vernally moist to occasionally satu-

rated “scabland” lithosol settings that are fully dessicated later in the season. These sites typically have a shal-

low crust of silty fines, eroded from adjacent deeper soils, over highly-fractured lava flow entablatures of the

regionally extensive Miocene age Columbia River Basalt Group. The species can also be found in extremely

» A EA E T +l E 11 3.1 1 1 1 H n £ . . 1 1 1 TV

Range.—The species is known historically from a few localities near the type population as presented in

the "paratypes" section. These populations, should they still exist, have yet to be rediscovered and evaluated.

Their status and size/vitality is unknown. This paper recognizes the confirmation of only two populations,

both from Umatilla County, northeast Oregon. Individuals comprising the type population number perhaps

10,000, wit y pp ly 750 individuals. Recruitment

at the type locality is strong.

Ly x

Associated vascular plant taxa known to co-occur with Lomatium pastoralis include: Achillea millefolium,

Achnatherum lemmonii, Allium fibrillum, Antennaria lu zuloides, Balsamorhiza hooheri var. hirsuta, Bromus mar-

ginatus, B. tectorum, Camassia quamash, Cistanthe umbellata, Collinsia parviflora, Collomia linearis, Danthonia —

unispicata, Delphinium nuttallianum, Dodecatheon conjugens, Draba verna, Epilobium brachycarpum, Eriogonum

heracleoides, Floerkia proserpinacoides, Fritillaria pudica, Hesperochiron pumilis, Juncus parryi, Lewisia nevaden-

sis, Linanthus harknesii, Lithophragma parviflora, Lomatium ambiguum, L. leptocarpum, L. grayi, L. piperi,

Lupinus aridus var. aridus, Lupinus sulphureus, Madia glomerata, Montia linearis, Navarretia intertexta, Olsynium

douglasii var. inflatum, Paeonia brownii, Phlox austromontana, Phlox gracilis, Plagiobothrys scouleri var. penicilla-

tus, Poa secunda, Polygonum douglasii var. majus, Polygonum kelloggii, Pseudoroegneria spicata, Pyrrocoma cat-

thamoides, Sanguisorba occidentalis, Sanicula graveolens, Saxifraga nidifica, Sedum stenopetalum, Senecio inte-

gerrimus var. exaltatus, Sidalcea oregana var. procera, Triteleia grandiflora var. grandiflora, and Vulpia bromoides.

Lomatium pastoralis is distinct and most readily identified in the field relative to its immediately associat-

ed and nearby congeners by the following characters: narrowly elliptical fruits on short, but easily-observe

n L A VAL. g ^ A : TI el £, n. 431

pedicels, a nina strongly pap dragons aida broud simple leaflets, sed gebe that remain

ee 4 1 $4

Wd strongly € GCCUIIIDCIIÓIU pn d.

A »

with weakly-Lo-moderatetr

O > 2d >A

ITE s t i4 s Figu

The species with which Tomate pastoralis à is most likely to i coatuied are L. E alah and L.

ambiguum. Lomatium leptocarpum is an occasional to frequent associate. It differs in having nearly sessile,

narrowly oblong fruits, a usually well-developed radial involucel, narrow and more numerous leaflets, and

peduncles which are only rarely strongly decumbent at the base. Lomatium ambiguum is infrequently found

scattered within the known L. pastoralis populations but it is more abundant on directly adjacent scabland

lithosol sites with better ria and PE gaie, but somewhat steeper slopes. Lomatium ambiguum has

ly, typically includes at least one cauline leaf on ma-

y”

long pedicels with upright fruits,

ture specimens, and does not possess decumbent peduncle bases. A full key to possible nearby congeners is

presented below.

PARATYPES. U.S.A. OREGON. Umatilla Co.: type locality, 23 Jun 1978, Wagner 2138 (OSC); 4 Jun 1979, Wagner 2303 (OSC, UC); 5 Jul 1980

Wants 2516 re SENS PER EOS Yer bg indo pie * Min 12354, 6 Jun 2003, S. Markow 12467 (OSC, RM); 20 Jun 2003, S.

ca de, TIN R37E Sec. 13, 1,280 m (4,200 ft); 5 Jul 1980, Wagner 2522

(OSC); Ruckel Ridge Road near junction o of Thimbleberry Mt. Rene ca. à mi N of La Grande, TIN ds Sec né 1,400 m n (4, inu ft); ue

1980, Wagner 2530 (OSC); Green Mt. are

R37E Sec. 10 SEM of SE 14, 5 Jul 1991, jl Brooks s.n. (OSC); Wagner 4521 (OSC); head of Smith a o ca. 13 air mi NE of oo

TIN npn Sec: 24 SB; A -— da 28 i 2003, S. Markow ik bye ME W oe Mount id — 100 ata Ww - m Pot

Creek, c. SR37ESec.6SWY

ds N of and overlooking Pot Creek, ca. 1 NE of Meacham, T1S R37E Sec. ed WIN WA 5,600 e 6 Jun 2003, S. Malow

12471 (OSC. RM): Nine Mile Rid 30 ft Eof F S Road 287 i 1 (Summit Road), ca. 6 air

labis: T3N R38E xe » hieu 5,200 ft, 20 Jun 2003, S. Markow 12484 (OSC, RM); E side Mount mU Road, overlooking

Fir Creek, ca. 15 R37E Sec. 36 NE!ANE"^, 5,600 ft, 6 Jun 2003, S. Markow 12468 (OSC,RM).

KEY TO POSSIBLE LOMATIUM CONGENERS WITH LOMATIUM PASTORALIS

i pha up

> pl ith partially fused l involucel I fl yell L. cous (S. Wats.) J.M Coult & Rose

> pl : $ A e El a gee

3. Plants lacking reduced cauline t fruit scab L. gormanii d J.M Coult. & Rose

3. Plants with a singl à PASS ute fiit alab L. piperi J.M Coult. & Rose

1. Plants lacking or very rarely displaying simple tuberous thickened root, but may have distinctly moniliform root

thickenings

4. Fl hite; involucel I listinctly ciliat ond hairy — kl. macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose

4. Flowers yellow, p llow or, casionaly, | lucel I lak

5. os majority c a ultimate leaf segments 10m mm in in length oF less.

17 mm in length); in this region plants often

L. dis:

on steep y.I y led slop il pocket liffs sectum var. m um

(Nutt.) Mathias Eini

6. Plan t robust; <5 dm i bels and fruit smaller (<17mm in length); plants typically on more

gentle terrain, andi in full m.

7.M dth 1 but ranging from 3.3:1 to 13.3:1; mature pos js very

Ef "n 951 2- " 0C2. 7 me ultimate leaf segments fe tew. ptocarpum Torr. & A. Gray

numerous.

Ulti | g d ly i plane; 1.5-8.0 nm med overlapping and al

MG del iu ESCORT

7 3 , r 2 7 2

L donnes 0. M Coult. & Rose) J.M Coult. & Rose

8. Ultimate leaf segments up to 6 mm, very numerous, an

with a branching caudex that retains old leaf bases; Recah petes dorus when c

rayi (J.M Coult. & mal J Coult. & Rose

l f ulti leaf seg g than 10 mm in length.

9. involucel abse

Leaflets ri veiny; 1-4 cm broad; usually toothed at terminus; leaves pes disposed; inflor

cences with swelling at base of umbel c nen " A Coult. & Rose

10. Leafl i | i (0.7-)1.0-4.0(-5.0) t j

p infl lacki lli b L. ambiguum (Nutt.) J.M Coult. & Rose

9. Involucel present; very rarely absent.

a ———M

Sag

432 a 1 £ &L D 1 10 Li 4c at, £ T. 5(2)

11. Peduncl ally gly ling ity j lacking clearly decumbent base

12. M ith ratio typicall os tiger 3.33] :

mature fruit pedicels short (0. 9-1 3-2. 0-2. "n m L. leplocsnpur Torr. & A. Gray

12. Mature fruit narrowly elliptical to a width ratio 3.5:1 or less; pedicels 2-10 mm. :

13 wa tu re fruits facking broad win L. tri i (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose —

13. ^ g ly or qui ide as body L. simplex var. simplex

(Nutt.) J.F. Macbr.

11 P 1 y Li g y h gly A h Tw pastoralis E

D.H. Wagner ex M.E. Darrach & D.H. Wagner

CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, AND PHENOLOGY

I z di 11 1 A es | E. RE L J: e 1

P y May, DUL IA) 5 11 LOW P Y

O progresses roma mid-M hesi 1 the | k of May throug} t week of June.

Mature fruit are present ma dehiscent by the end of June and the plant quickly t and largely re- —

duced to remnant i I y mid-July.

Lomatium pastoralis is known to grow exclusively on shallow, poorly-developed soils over Miocene age

Columbia River Basalt bedrock in open, vernally moist, “scabland” lithosol settings. These soils typically dis- i

play a thin veneer of silty, non-plastic fines with very little eppi a However, an abundant, highly frac-

tured basalt layer is present at very shallow depths, well within f the plants

The species typically occurs as very dense populations in which it is alía either a dominant or co-

dominant species. Observations of the documented populations strongly wie Sha the specia is an e

seral occupant of disturbed landscapes. One segment of what is presumed, i

search effort, to be the largest population of the species now occupies the floor of a road metal basalt quarry |

that has been inactive for approximately 20-years (Anderson pers. comm.). In this setting the species forms à

near tenista: M achieving 100 m cover or in co- ominance pm Conesa quemas and

In contrast, the

£ 7 EE O e

1 1 tr 1 A 1 CN «ol ae DEUM. 1 thor cnecies

F PE -) IY eie T

j^ Pee Cry eee | 1 LE 1:

rticularly Lupi idus var. aridus.

The area where Lomatium pastoralis is found has a o of edo i acm ui grazing by large

y thousands. In the wake of th ies, most notably in

the early pee ofi the ci vem eius shallow soil habitats were left Mig. devoid of a native grass

component. The typ y adjacent to a water source, so that flocks of sheep. were : Frequent

kept overnight in this onde (C. Johnson pers. comm.). Th 1earl

and bet ina ile ews sect condition thar po to the put (Darrach pes obs; Lando d It

well | lif

species as an ly l ctrat

P gist reliant up istent bno regime. In rcg some S ;

Lomatium taxa are known to increase in bloss under grazing pressure (Lathrop pers. comm.; Utah State

University 2011; RES oe aes gina por see aoir ce stated interactions.

umber of juite pung likely candidates

forp inhibiting allelopathi | getal 2004: Meepagala et al. 2006).

An aiio to occupy i ahs an ecological approach dependent upon some form of persistent land-

scape disturbance can be a precarious evolutionary strategy that may inherently lead to rarity upon the land-

scape (Parsons & Brown 1982; Hardin & White 1989; Lesica & Cooper 1999). This is particularly so if the

ci of AMORE are not consistent over the bg term cene & Brown 1982). Conversely, reliance

set [A

g-term viability if p imar i ee factors such

as ide inherent O ofa eee vi e le talus sl lay substrates—

is the ogee: source die disturbance pons & mim 1982; Masons et al 1985; Darrach & Thie

2010). A y the authors, to have a strong

affinity for disturbed locales a and is most probably aiui asan dr seral specie

As domestic sheep grazing has become much more tightly regulated, and indeed permit grazing of both

n h ANA g 1 A - £1 + £ n 433

sheep and cattle in the general area of the known — aaa "cv has been ad curtailed

that may | allowed for

€ See oie of the sp I pe has | reduced. However, an additional important source

b tth locali d by a robust population of the fosso-

rial northern pocket PO PAR oiis As me as this rodent population persists at the site, the

bioturbation activites of these small mammals would appear to create an ideal disturbance vehicle in turn

SUPPEN a gontiaming hesithy pete itn pee Other ieget sources ps persistent

Anau-

relative to historic levels ION pae comm.),

= , A.

dede off-road vehicle usage, sheet ff duri 1 d events ent a sur-

Bo. movements gas with Lae thaw v cycles podes PIDEN conditions. foes thaw ami are most

LOUVDAUL ly A LOL ) u E

likely monea wo he insulating effects of significant

cover in most yCals.

oe NES 3 : 1 f 41 hI FEW FR 4 1

to carry ha io fire is also of interest. Fire is a disturbance that often plays a fundamental role in plant

community and plant Lat dear V iac gt MODE = van dt pee Fire m i activities over ae

last 100-years h

cipal payee to approximately 4% of 3 endangered flora in the os States (Schemake a = 1994). While

; ; d

E tac LOL

little recea

the genus PA the m of Kaye m others (2001) is a notable econ, Their Pa es transition

matrix pim. di as loo to a series of experimental fire treatments on populations of the federally

he Willamette Valley of Oregon clearly illustrates the critical role

fire days to this disturbance- dependent species. It seems likely that the damage inflicted to soils by historical

long-term int g on th tly occupied by Lomatium pastoralis may have reduced the ca-

pacity of these braies to a sufficient ondes to carry fire. In this regard, the near absence of a native

omponent in particular is noteworthy.

rem Y

perennial bunchgrasss (e.g

Conservation management concerns regarding PS pastoralis center around the likelihood of the

plant as being dispersal- iiey (Thompson 1985; Marsico & Hellmann 2009), having short seed bank resi-

dence time wit] er-year viability (Thompson 1985; Kaye et al. 2001), and as an early seral

T reliant ona possibly ‘unstable E "e lor meee persistence upon the cape

asa minagi tool—particularly as later seral vegetative stages begin to take hold. "hs addition, the possible

use is ped intensity ire, perhaps with diner fuels enl may be of management value. While in-situ

in end i few mature ikia and = wanted

hel ] q 1 1

chere] in the field (Wagner pers. obs.)

dation upon recruitment remains to be more € evaluated

Inspection f mor phology l ls of L ti I li y pi lly display well-

developed root crown scars. These root crown scars, which clearly appear to | elated with pl , have

been poan to be 13—61 in €— in a rami jJ 76 d Wie Wrens Gisbublishéd data). ‘These data

f the species. While some

r r Y

d li b h older, or, conversely, de 61- arid pt E may be an outlier in a species

plants ma

that rarely achieves such longevity, this information provides some guidance that can inform conservation

management decisions.

leon note = ihe genus Lomatium as a whole, and indeed p

ach n

h broader suite of perennial her-

Ast E P

DSCIVECCG,

but period teca: source of nds: brad some species ing prove difficult to dide for lon-

gevity owing t fo gly sl sheathing leaf

bases that obscure is nn crown ill colo the lue bildet of rare i bie in this genus indicate that

the effectiveness of conservation biology efforts may benefit considerably from a study of plant longevity. In

addition, th A logy sub-field of shrub and herb chronology (for example Rayback & Henry

20 information.

2006; R tal. 2009; Franklin pers. comm.) may find value in this

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

in th * 8 y 3:38 AX. 2s TE CEIC E DN $ ? ue ydalis C le f£. OS ES Era

ing in support of this project. Lincoln Constance (deceased) provided the Latin diagnosis. Linda Brooking

Min ncmo PE g information provid Dices Seater

ORI = A. 2 is f A Wi, 1 ld

Hacitun fac the Unless ok) ming and Donald Mansfield f he College of Idaho for their prompt

REFERENCES

AAA DENN; xs PUR B.C. Dev, V. Dey, S. FROST, AND C.M. MA. 2005. Essential oil composition of four

Syst. Ecol. 33:17-26.

BOND, WJ. AND B.W. VAN WEGEN. 1996. Fire and plants. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.

CARLSON, K.M, D.H. MANSFIELD, AND J.F. SMITH. 2011. A p icul (Api ) dade re

2 eS i d phylog : Syst. Bot. 36:495-507.

Chou, S.C, MC Esencia G. Ssmi np.) Beck. 2006. A it ial activity of p from L ji aliforni

cum. Phytotherapy Res. 20:153-156.

DARRAGH, ME, KK Tite, BL WILSON, RE. Baie, AND N. Orting. 2010, Lomotlum tamaniichi (Apiaceae) a new specus

g gton State, USA. Madroño 57:203-208.

HARDIN, E.D. AND D. WHITE. 1989. Rare vascular pl iated with wiregrass in th theastern United States.

Natural Areas J. 9:234-245.

HARTMAN, R.L. AND L. CONSTANCE.1988. A new Lomatium (Apiaceae) from the Sierran Crest of California. Madrono

35:121-125.

Hauwa, R. 2010. A L jum (Api ) from the Ochoco Mountains of I Oregon. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas

47-11.

Huet E MODERN DT. Lomati key for Columbia Pl. i bsist Northw. Sci. 55:87-94.

KAGAN, J.S. 1986. A (A ) fi ith Madroño 33:71-75.

KAYE, T.N., K.L PENDERGRASS, K. FINLEY, AND J.B. KAUFFMAN. 2001. A Aces E

geed iode puc Eoo ADEE: TO

LANGFORD, N. 1996. Forest dreams, fo g +h I 1 FS E 3*AL Univ of Wash. Press,

Let, KH. AND T.O. eee J. da

LESICA, P. AND S.V. COOPER. 1999

biodiversity. Conserv. Biol. 13:293-302. y

MARSICO, ED. AMD 1. Haana. 2009 2009. Dispersal limitation i an experimental translocation of Lomatium

g E A

MASTROGUISEPPE, JD, SJ. Gu, KS. Sammons, AND GK. Brown. 1985 985. Morphologic and cytotaxonomic evaluation of

^r»

MEGAN, KM, G STU DE WEDGE KK Sono, 200 SO. Du 20s doa pri age ace

hun

tively. d Cine Ext 31:1567-1577.

MUNSELL, A.H, 2000. —— C €

Nan

(Es cf Bis Euh Brati ] Version 7.0,

Arlington VA. U.S.A. Available http-/A í | «Accessed: 10 April 2011»

NIELSEN, B.E. AND E. JENSEN. 1975. The strüctuie of (it nés ción pite fio Un ione: of Lomatium columbianum.

Phytochemistry 15:1049-1051.

PARSONS, R.F. AND J.H. BROWNE. 1982. Causes of plant species rarity in semi-arid southem Australia. Biol. Conservation

24:183-192.

RAYBACK, S.A. AND G.H.R. HENRY. 2006. Ri ion of

£ r az e. - ztn fen retro

7-022. = E 4 w fe Bla q

y , ioj g Arct. Antarct. Alpine Res. 38:228-238.

gner, peces of | 9 435

ROZEMA J, S. WEUERS, R. BROEKMAN, P. BLOKKER, B. BUIZER, C. WERLEMAN, H. EL YAQINE, H. HOOGEDOORN, M.M. FUERTES, AND E.

COOPER 2009 A r] A. E F 2: £ A 2 EE, P rj] 2 r] 2 ait 2

& d p p ill ial ti le. Global Chanae Biol

V-Ho1njC DII.

15:1703-1715.

SCHEMSKE, D.W., B.C. HUSBAND, M.H. RUCKELSHAUS, C. LM. PARKER, AND J.G. BisHOP. 1994. Evaluating approaches

pw . E 2. E a A Cros CIE

THOMPSON, J.N. 1985. Post-disf J d dati zm f "is. pr fi ben heli:fa ) "p KS E e

species. Ecology 66:1608-1616.

2011 R: g pl we Elah F. rn = 3? thee. C

UT. US.A. A 28 ^ I ] http 11 2 a Mi

2011>.

az B..z p I

gepl / «Accessed: 12 March 2011». «Accessed: 12 March

436 1 lata Dat 3 8 ay eee eae f Texas 5(2)

BOOK REVIEW

CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON MARTIUS AND TEXT BY H. WALTER LACK. 2009. The Book of Palms. (ISBN 978-3-

8365-1779-9, hbk.). Taschen GmbH, Hohenzollernring 53, D-50672 Kóln, Germany. (Orders: www.

taschen.com, contact@taschen.com, +49-221-20-18-00). $150.00, 412 pp., color illustrations, line illustra-

tions, 12%" x 17⁄2".

1 1 1 1

When I picked up

git I was amazed not just because of its size and weight, but also

because of the quality of the picdiünon and Mhüscanans: This large format book, over a foot b» a foot and a

half, is a dios of Eds as PERIE von Mauritius’s magnificent 19th century botanical study of

palm trees; Hist partit T me of nous a woki in scd volumes),

published between 1823-1853. This bbs was the fi ti first maps

of palm biogeography and which described all the palms of Brazil, and collated he sum of all then-current

knowledge of the palm family. TASCHEN has reproduced this book and Mauritius’s incredibly illustrated

plates from a copy of his original work. The text was authored by H. Walter Lac

“On 15 December 1868, Pu P ipu tie von Martius (1794—1868), Professor ol ‘sii at the Univer-

sity of Munich and di R ied to hi d with fre

palm leaves. These fe his g Ibreaki 1g Hi toria naturalis pal titum. At the

time, thi y l p li y ined tl fi l led the topi id inclivied 240 exqui-

per L Test L- :1T 2 = 1 MES 1 J

views of (palm habitats and botanical dissections.

This epic folio was si based on Mauritius s pedo to Brazil and Peru with zoologist Johann Baptist von Spix,

sponsored by King Maximilian I of Bavaria, to investigate natural history and tribal Indians. From 1817 to

1820 the pair travelled over 2 ces kn a 400 ausu throughout the Amaron Pasin, the most a -rich palm

region in the world, coll g On tł d knighthoods

"9 X

and lifetime pensions.

In his epic work, Martius outlined the modern classification of palm, produced the first maps of palm

biogeography, described all the palms of Brazil, and collated the sum of all known genera of the palm family.

For apart from his own collection of specimens and notes, Martius also wrote about the findings of others.

Mauritiuss folio is unusual in its inclusion of cross-sectioned diagrams, conveying the architecture of these

mighty ned which a Europeans lenis have Bund Bard to imagine accurately. Equally remarkable are

the color | p g gal which have a simple and elegant beauty.

This famous ki i led LP: inh ic ill 1 dt ”

The history of the book is interesting in itself but you need to see the ‘ifostitibile to appreciate the full

scope of this publication. Three of the — sich out to nearly four times the dimensions of the book

itself{—24 x 33 ! in. They are simply

nd did I mention intensity of the color?

Thisisa po event qe a labor of love from da I PME their dedication to the size and scope

of the y made during tl

volume.

Prof. Dr. H. Walter Lack is Director at the Botanic ade and Botanical udin Berlin-Dahlem and Professor at

the Free University of Berlin. A leading expert in the history of botany, his research interests focus in particular

upon the consequences of the global transfer of useful and ornamental plants from the point of view of our

cultural history. He has also authored The Flora Graeca Story, Oxford 1998, A Garden of Eternity, Berne 2000,

Garden Eden, Koln 2001 and most recently Florilegium Imperiale, Munich 2006 — Gary Jennings, Botanical Re-

search Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 436. 2011

NEW COMBINATIONS, RANK CHANGES,

AND NOMENCLATURAL AND TAXONOMIC COMMENTS

IN THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

Alan S. Weakley,

Richard J. LeBlond, Bruce A. Sorrie C. Theo Witsell

UNC Herbarium (NCU) Arkansas Ml Heritage Dn

orth Carolina Botanical Garden and Arkansas Natural Heritage

Bids of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, C.B. 3280, ciuda Herbarium A ‘ae

Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, U.S.A. 1500 Tower Building, 323 Center St.

Little Rock, Arkansas 72201, U.S.A.

bruce.sorrie@ncdenr.gov theo@arkansasheritage.org

L. Dwayne Estes Kanchi Gandhi

LAM Peay Stare poem (APSC) Harvard University UM (HUH)

D Field Biology 22 Divini

Clarksville, Téfiriessee 37044, U.S.A. Cambridge, poe Aes 02 138, U.S.A.

esteslaapsu.edu

Katherine Gould Mathews Atsushi Ebihara

Western aibi iua (WCUH) Department of Botany

men to logy Alati, JAA f Nin d € t£ (TNS)

rens Rb oira 28723, U.S.A. 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005, JAPAN

mathews@email.wcu.edu

ABSTRACT

We make generi f, | rank changes of listributed primarily in tl I United States. These include transfers from

p } Nabalus (A ompositae), from Senecio to Packera (A OT ied Anna to Lithospermum

(Boraginaceae), from Tricl Crepid (Hy phyll ), from O ) bea E bens to

Stegnogramma Harb n renum a l ia (Poaceae or Gramineae), Hen Panicum to Dich

Gramineae), and fro i 11 king rank chang g in Viburnum (Adoxaceae), Hypericum

Hypericaceae), Sp He lia (I i ), A (P. Gramineae), and I hloa (P. Gramineae). New names are po

pun in ha ens (Asteraceae or Composite) abi lain aite (Boraginaceac) W We additionally y and appropriate

RESUMEN

La p E Es ne 1 4 Aart i 1 le los E los Unid Esto incluye

transf de P. hes a Nabalus (A Pp, a Senecio a im Meo o eo K alae a Mee.

spe (n A de Er 1 1 1 g

gra (Thel I “4 Nid as ] ia (P. G ). de Pi Dick hel Pi y de Vitis

aM dinia (Vi Nte 1 io impli le Vil 1 ), Hy] I ), Spigelia

(Loganiaceae), Andropogon (P. G ), and Leptochloa (P. Grami ). Se pror | Coreopsis

(Asteraceae o C positae) y Lithosp (Boragi ). Además di i 1 í l rango apropiado d x20

n Ti ] $ 1 | E g DN A A. CM! 1 y 1 p

In preparat for the publication of state flora, 5e Mons of dc (Weakley, Ludwig, & Townsend, in

prep.) and a new l flora fora l ft ted States, the Flora of the Southern and

jen depe States (Wealkley, i in prep.; Weakley. 2011), as iid as EC jus €— conservation, and scien-

tific North America, it is necessar y of new ly reflect

current taxonomic understanding. Some of these changes are rank changes, while others are generic transfers

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 437 — 455. 2011

A B fols D. -il D, A. B 6228. ET. cto

to allow use of mew (or re-adopti f old) g i pts th fully refi di ilabl 1

ADOXACEAE

VIBURNUM

A t of the V. dentatum g (Sorrie 2010) I h :R Loft

ey mach sym vil win V dtum Y sabran Cor & A. Gray) Chapn.

[- V. semitomentosum (Michx.) Rehder], V. carolinianum Ashe, V. i below], and

V. ariaa o a 2D All of these speci ri iby highly d listi phology and

ranges and by little or no evid idization. Ironically, th hat has b st oft

nized as a species or variety, V. recognitum Fernald (= V. dentatum var. -lucidum Aiton), is morphologically he

study, we retain V. recogniti i k, as its relative relationship alias Gitsiieeii and caba

cities lic tbe comeplics nOn pelos

Except for McAtee's monograph (1956), ——— € Ashe (Ashe 1918) has gone unrec-

g y ing l Y a T TE as: Ge epar Y

carolinianum cif lig ge and di „d Jl lersides, stellate

inflorescence branches, and strictly ge—appear to b Gl i NCU). Viburnum

carolinianum slightly overlaps with V. dentat icto in a f« OMA NC Gibbs. d th i

tain their succinct differences. Wi d thi di 1 relictual f habitat

from river- and creek-banks to dry upland forests and granie outcrop edges. Viburnum carolinianum is a

Conthern

ap EES

North Carolina (11 counties), and h Georgia (Rab n To la WHE cd, a distri-

bution very similar y other “south d of tl Ridge” endemics (Weakley et al.

in prep.).

A Viura entity from Alibama was A A alabamense McAtee

(McAtee 1953). McA p g N i (McA

1956). TI " The} PP PURA dies suggest that it is distinct fi

ide les add eras eco "Dust "alabamense" p h d leaf shay d stellat

petiole characters of V. dentatum, and sl , flower, and fruit si d shape with both V.

dentatum and V. recognitum. However, taxon “ ” has a few ch h from both

* — = V. eon spur er cymes = gros " ios hairs) c nodes and

h (vs. glabrous or with with densely glandu-

lic aiea (uk. ileal: l i| i k. Taxon “alabamense” is appar-

ently restricted to the Lookout Mountain region of northeastern Alabama in Cullman, DeKalb, and Marshall

E 3 (fn p NCU), pp lL, DAN L j pot fV

i st G gia d South Carolina Th Lool M i is oth

row endemi d th i fth “alabamense” indi h level of er

vation concern. hi ander to provide recognition of taxon “alabamense” at the species rank, a new combination

is proposed.

Viburnum alabamense (McAtee) Sorrie, comb. et stat. nov. BASONYM: Viburnum recognitum Fernald var. alabamense

UA Hs tones: Egeo Sct 1232. 1953. TYPE: U.S.A. ALABAMA. DeKalb Co.: low rocky east bank of west fork

£T arle D Q Park Look n, 22 May 1942, R M. Harper 3883 (GH).

A Aditi 1

I ied- USA As amaMA (ullum 4. A ATL 1 A MT Re h af Riak 1 Ds; - Nof US.

278 bridge, 28 Jun 1966, R.C. Clark 3920 (NCU). DEKALB CO- Valleyhead, 26 Jun 1918, T.G. Harbison 4514 (NCU); Little River C De

eee Mansman. Co: near Ti C Sand M. My en en

1068d (NCI Creek, SW of Douglas, floodplai d bluff, 2 Aug 1974,

RD. Whetstone 3260 with Atkinson and Springer (NCU).

Wi kley etal., N 3 mei -m tian A Eak "1 Mas B Cant 439

ASTERACEAE or COMPOSITAE

COREOPSIS

Since Ms Sens Queste AA he interp ion of Coreop varied,

UMEN J L 1 J t of C. gladiata Walt H r, the “heli th id

La L R mM. |

from C. dake: i li fe

cept Ahles (1968) A few other authors have maintained it as a “good” taxon (Small 1933, Cronquist 1980,

ial), while most

hors h li tacitly included it within C. gladiata (Smith 1976, 1983; Godfrey & Wooten

1981; Wunderlin & Hansen 2011 Duncan & Kartesz 1981; unis, MN T L DN, mU

(2006). Asid g t, habit, and habitat, it i d

to body width and for the sł h ( ge 0.8 ). “Coreopsis heianthoides often grows semipros-

trate or with di g > E h F 1 lati ly f q lati A pow. only

C. helianthoides” and C. integrifolia inhab ities th bj “Coreopsis

R MESI eus I E d opening: , fresh-tidal ] gi , marshes, and borrow ponds. It

E 1 RI : rf 1 1 13 sy ir” i. 1 1

lected in 1898). Georgia specimens of “C. helianthoides” are very rare—e.g., Camden County, 1 mile north of

Kingsland, 18 Oct 1950, R.K. Godfrey 50908 (FSU, NCSC). Flowering dates are from mid-August to late

October.

a. comes ic dioc: Plima: Hethi, catia denbyad, o:

types Me, Ds CA oa ae HIM V stricto. ee ears Merete

» f the “heli-

EA. entity. S L rs” Lok L - y P 22 1 1 z fi ys " gl oladiata

Ir 4 7 O

Wa] L UU Ao o k "m L 2 1 kh 1 > K | "^ } Ji

re MN Ax r x

thoides Rh : 2 1 E 1 IR S2 A E o 1 1 >} 1 1

> P Ir 2 r

is palustris Sorrie, sp. nov. (Fig, 1). Tyre: U.S.A. Norm C i ing bordering swamp Í

miik e 27 Oct 1950, R-K. Godfrey 50957 ( Y

aeque 0.8 mm longis.

Similar to Ci lad I di g or nearly prostrate basal 11 line | four or

des absent during anth mid-caul ee aes Mik cx chdh ide of

body, and ach 0.8

G p 1 D. 2 3 Ar A h 1 IL ^ | adi

= T ux

1 1 1 = EMT

past two NS d l hol achene vasculature.

Á Ww Ol T

(Smal 1022. CL: f. El Ls deen) TR

app D o

7000? 1 hih

etal : morpholog Pp p g 1987)

Most North A his group + b d in Nabal the past, as by Small (1935),

haat th NI. 3" 4 +L ¡ER ka ALA h ç : dis-

Nabalus autumnalis (Walter) Weakley, comb. nov. Basiowvw: Prenanthes autumnalis Walter, Fl. Carol 193. 1788. Nabalus

N K L^ T

Collected by R. K. Godfrey and 5.

No. 50057 Ost. ? 1

FIG. 1. Holotype of Coreopsis palustris Sorrie (NCSC).

Weakley et al., N las lel 1 a fth L limitnd Chat 441

virgatus DC., Prodr., 7(1):242. 1838, nom. superfl. & illeg.; Prenanthes virgata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:83. 1803, nom. superfl. & il-

legit. (based on P. autumnalis Walter)

Nabalus carrii (Singhurst, O'Kennon & W.C. Holmes) — comb. nov. BASIONYM: Prenanthes carrii Singhurst,

O’Kennon & Mos a Sida 21:187, fig. 2, 2004. TYPE: U.S.A s. Bandera Co.: Lost Maples State Natural Area, above and

below l ic Canyon Trail, 1 Sep 2001, Sing) Mes 12496 (HOLOTYPE: BAYLU).

Nabalus eE E ee var. nanus (Bigelow) Weakley, comb. nov. BasionYM: Prenanthes alba L. var. nana Bigelow,

Fl. Boston, ed. 2:286. 1824

PACKERA

Packera A. Love & D.Lóve is now routinely

usage in Flora of North America (Trock in FNA 2006) and aidi worldwide synopses of the Asteraceae

(Nordenstam et al. in Funk et al. 2009; Nordenstam in Kadereit & Jeffrey 2007). While the routine creation of

hybrid binomials is questionable, the hybrid between the rare, southern Blue Ridge endemic P. millefolium

(Torr. & A. Gray) W.A. Weber & Á. Löve and me more mies and sage E vigi dis Eon TRAD

W.A Weber & A. Lóve is well-documented, frequ ll

its genetic swamping of the narrowly endemic P. > millefolium at some populations (Gaile 2006). For these

reasons, it is helpful for it to have a hybrid binomial in Packera for ease of reference in conservation and her-

e Jr

Senecio, as indicated by its recent

barium work.

Packera xmemmingeri (Britton ex Small) Weakley poción q x millefolium], comb. nov. BasionYM: Senecio mem-

mingeri Britton ex Small (pro sp.), Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25:14

Note also that the epithet “millefolium” in Packera meorum (Torr. & “a rA W.A. ane & A. Lóve is based

on Senecio millefolium Torr. & A. Gray, and that t om! PI to Millefolium

P. Miller, used for Achillea L.) rather tl jecti l fl 11 ion i lier floristi

works (e.g., Torrey € Gray 1843; Chapman 1883; Small 1933; Fernald 1950); chendiórs the correct name in

Packera is Packera millefolium (Torr. & A. Gray) W.A Weber € A. Love, with the epithet “millefolium,” not gram-

matically declined to “millefolia,” as done by Trock in FNA (2006), Kartesz (1999, 2010), Barkley (1999), and

other recent publications.

BORAGINACEAE

LITHOSPERMUM

The North A i demic g Or dium Michx. I liti lly been regarded as distinct from the

more widespread even: L. on the basis of several morphologic features, primarily the erect and acute

corolla lobes and exserted style (as opposed to rounded and spreading corolla lobes and included style) (Al-

Shehbaz 1991). Recent molecular studies show that Onosmodium is deeply embedded within Lithospermum,

and that a di of ei agii aor supposedly characteristic of Onosmodium reveals them as

merely a j n the morphologically more diverse Lithospermum (Weigend et

al. 2009; Cohen & Davis 2009). While Dienaar itself is a monophyletic group, interestingly with the

southeastern North American Lithospermum tuberosum Rugel as a basal component (Weigend et al. 2009;

Cohen & Davis 2009), its recognition at the generic rank renders Lithospermum paraphyletic and is also not

warranted on the basis of morphological distinctiveness (the frequency of misidentifications between

Lithospermum and Onosmodium is suggestive). Some combinations in Lithospermum for taxa of Onosmodium

are already available [Lithospermum virginianum L., Lithospermum molle (Michx.) Muhl., Lithospermum onos-

modium J. Cohen, Lithospermum helleri (Small) J.Cohen], but other currently recognized taxa of Onosmodium

lack names in Lithospermum.

In transferring taxa of Onosmodium to Lithospermum, i ki plex i juiring revis-

iting; while most of the currently paraa taxa have eet universally and ially recognized as

taxa by modern workers, tl which th gnized has been variable, involving

specific, subspecific, and varietal designations. The sinned involving taxonomic entities “molle” “hispidissi-

mum.” “subsetosum.” “occidentale,” and (sometimes) “bejariense” has been particularly variable in treatment,

442 L 38 fols D. 5-8 E». ee £T. cto

with I (Mackenzie 1905; Fernald 1950; Gleason 1952), as varieties under O.

molle (demon & Comi 1000; APA molle (Cochrane 1976; Al-Shehbaz 1991), as subspe-

cies pie POMPE ME elec dune lumped entirely as O. molle (Small 1933), or apparently

e is eh EUM molle) as “morphogeo-

graphical taxa” re CEN wey m

(Turner 1995, figs. 15), and stated that “in regi h

kil uda c E Our experiences and those of many other botanists active in the southeastern

tive in various regions of the South d g together at individual sites. For instance,

fonr eels e Na "Subsctosum and OS cd o MR

j a cpn i | ATTE £e ADCITOA1x lj ,suchas

Alabama (Datillo & Nestor 2011), while Turner (1995) mapp f the Missi River,

paret based ona sparse sampling of only ttl of six com records from Tenmese. Alabama,

Mississippi, y Ip + subsetosum +

A pattern of sympatry of th portions of th h United States, with two or more

peci i ing at a site and maintaining overall morphological distincti , their mainte-

fch i garden situations, and their manifestation of biogeographic p in

h (G 7" WAS e ILE 1 1 Sí XX;..L] 1. Ty 1. a Lital

better reflects the lationship of th doubted! lated entities (Weakley et al., in prep).

The majority of south field botanists famili sus eng dipper ía

an by icn raa a a a

served by th F , Subspecies, iety ren

B t s y E 1 f O. molle, th Ii th E ih

at two ranks and under two dif RR d molle and O. cid ) (see synonymy listed below). In-

progress studies by A.S. Weakley, CT. Witsell, and L.D. Est

strongly offset from the taxa treated by Turner (1995) as varieties of O. bej i han th ccs si

oher ether ow pin hs lage ty ee Nev

Lithospermum decipiens (J.R. Allison) Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes, comb. nov. Basowvw Onosmodium decipiens JR.

Ais, Cota 661, Fig 10, 2001. Tre USA. ALAMMA- Bb Co: ca. 137 km NE of Centreville, “Fern Glade.” Ketona

Dol ight (N) E Litth 1 Nov 1993, James R. Allison and Timothy E. Stevens 8139

(HOLOTYPE, NY; ISOTYPES: AUA, DUKE, GA. GH. JSU, MICH, MO, UNA, US, VDB).

Lithospermum occidentale (Mack ) Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes, comb. nov. Bassons: Onosmodium occidentale

PECES T molle Michx. var. occidentale - Gray Herb.

bejariense

C ohh Dz

(Mack) LM. Johnston, Contr.

70-18. 1924. On Mich le (Mack) TS. Cochrane, Michigan Bot. 15-104. 1976. Onosmodium

ADE o eMe DICO deat Phytologia 78:46. 1995.

¡persia Weekley. Witsel &r D. Estes, nomi nos. BASIONYM: Oncsmodium hispidissimum Mack, Bull

Torrey Bot. Gard 32500. 1905, non Lithospermum hispidissimum Lehmann (1823) AUS

P var. hispidissimum

)C On lle Mick hispidi I Michican Bot. 15:104. 1976. On dium beja

rense A DC. var. hop (Mack). Turner, Phytologia 78:43. 1995. As the epithet “hispidissimum” is blocked froma toit

F prisingly pri gi qui L. We howe elect the uM

“parviflorum” t ER - h I fi Fehi a = | H LI F

Lith b (Mack. & Bush) Weakley, Witsell D Estes, comb. nov. Bason Onna sib

sendai Mack Ac Beh, in TES FL SE. US. 1001. 1903. On

Vasc. PL Pacific No1hW. ICL Hitchcock 1] 4234. 1959. Os 5 ee

Michigan Bot. 15:104. 1976. On dium bejari ADC bs

EME mne

Mai £e Reach)

(Mack & Bosh) BI Turner Phytologia 78-47. 1995.

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

CREPIDOMANES

groups, especially in what has often b d as a broadly defined Trichomanes L. Specifically, the recogni-

$35. f n 1 1 Ti L 1 1 kK }

cd by Ehihara et al. (2006, 2007). Th A E fr 1 A "mw Y

temperate eastern North America: T. boschianum Sturm, T. petersii A. Gray € T

Pre ED

ptis iaa eminent ile h isting in their appropri gregat

ihara & K. Iwats. and Didymoglossum petersii (A. Gray) Copel., re-

spectively, while the third des not. Trid intricatum is an interesting and indeed intricate

case. Ebihara, Farrar, and Ito (2008) d chloropl lecul d ine tł PETTEN

y closely related to Crepid hmidtianum (Zenk: Tasch) K- Iwats var. schmidtianum. While this

might I d id ge them, the following f. g st such , at least pending

fi h to definitely d ine thei luti y relationshi p: D) T. intricatum is a free-living gameto-

phytic species, in contrast with C. schmidtianum, which h d lt porophy

while the ploidy of T. t |! (Ebih Farrar, & Ito 2008), and 3) T. intricatum is isolated in

North America from the remainder of Crepidomanes, which is Old World, a seemingly distribution,

l bly be judged to be on an independent evolutionary trajectory from its Old World Crepi

c PU I pecies of enigmati

Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley, —_ 2 nov. ieee PI ns mimm Ven, Si

Fern J. 82:68—69, figs. 2, 3, 1992. TYPE: U.S.A. ILLINOIS. E f»

sandstone along Rock Creek, 6 Jan 1982, D. Farrar 82-1-6-6 (HOLOTYPE ISC; ISOTYPES NY, Us, MICH, US, MO).

HYPERICACEAE

HYPERICUM

Hypericum densiflorum Pursh is a wide-ranging species of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Appalachian

Mountains, from New Jersey and West Virginia south to South Carolina and Alabama. Adams (1962, 1973)

noted that the distributi ee pl di

Jersey, Delaware, and M d 1 pl fN (Candsns- Al

Maryland, and Wes Virginia Be Ridge of Virginia and North Carolina: and Ridge and Valey Temes

Georgia, and Alabama. D ggi p in five allopatric population

centers, dnly thus ae aad Valley yl have b ded tus, as H. interior Small (= H. revolu-

tm Kel), The narrow, somewhat revolt eve of these plants prompted Small (190, en ae Seles

(1923) t p an Ur E - p ¿Gral y Sn ct. However, g I. inte-

rior, nor have they recognized any infraspecifi in H. densiflorum.

Pein zo TE ame l ranged from 40 65 dless of coll locality da kie

much on given specimen as it did among populations. Seeds ranged from

0.8-1.1 mm regardless o locality, with one exception: 1-1- -13 i tt County, Maryl 7777,

A b i lid not vary across the range of H. densiflo-

Mhag $ :Mh Th rf NCU was relatively small,

dete et mer d sine wor ciel is so that additional measurements from other

The leaf width data, however, were distinctly bimodal (Table 1). The Ridge-and-Valley population has

444 1 Late D : ALD hi PA f Texas 5(2)

TABLE 1 MA 1 g £1 £ Jal £ p I | £ lyp A Tap

Population mean leaf width in mm range of leaf width in mm

Coastal Plain NJ-DE SF 3.5-7.9(-8.2)

Coastal Plain NC-SC 47 (2.8-)3.0-7.0(-8.2)

Allegheny Avge PA-MD-WV 53 (3.0-)3.6-6.8(-7.6)

Blue Ridge VA-NC 54 (1.8-)2.8-8.3(-9.2)

Ridge-and Berti TN-GA-AL 2.0 (0.9-)1.0-3.7

leaves that average less than, half that of the other four populations. Ridge-and-Valley plants consistently ex-

hibit narrow leaves, with liacy or clinal tendancy.

ane geographic structure of the variation in kaf yide Mer for recognition of a taxon, but since leaf

ily bl “interior” from the remainder of entity

"densiflorum;" we conservatively choose to treat * natria a at varietal sank:

um densiflorum Pursh var. interior (Small) Sorrie & Weakley, comb. et stat. nov. Basionym: Hypericum

interior d Bull. Torrey Bot. pis 28:359-360. van TYPE: U.S.A. TENNESSEE. JEFFERSON COUNTY: ad rivulos prope Dandridge,

Ju 11842 Rugel s.n (HOLOTYPE: NY!,

LOGANIACEAE

SPIGELIA

Katherine Gould Mathe ively chose varietal status when she (as K. Gould) named a plant discov-

ered by Allison and Stevens (2001) at the dolomitic Ketona glades in Bibb County, Alabama, at the southern

end of the Ridge and Valley Province, which showed affinity to the extremely rare S. gentianoides Chapm. ex

A.DC. of Florida and southern Alabama longieal pinelends Le paheeni publication of about a dozen

highly distinctive, mew vascular plant taxa (mainly t E & Stevens 2001; : Kral

& Moffett 2009) h i hasized the Ketona glad jor site of th luti ion of en

r O J o

demics, and tl i f relictual taxa, at thi I dge of the Appalachian Mountains. A

recent conservation assessment of S. gentianoides and its two varieties (USFWS 2009) suggests the possibility

that the two taxa warrant specific rank. Gould (1996) lists numerous and strong character state differences

(many of them discrete and non-overlapping) between the two taxa. Reassessing the appropriate ranks of

these taxa by any of various modern “species concepts” and by standards of taxonomic rank normally applied

nanny me to taxa in pue Bene Tu we now judge that specific rank is warranted, though additional

corroborate this treatment.

Spigelia apa (K. Gould) K.G. Mathews & Weakley, comb. et stat. nov. BasionYm: Spigelia gentianoides

Chapm. ex A.DC. var. alabamensis K.Gould, Sida 17:418. 1996. TYPE: U.S.A. ALABAMA. Bibb Co.: large Ketona dolomite glade on

hillside above the bo Cahaba River from ed Road 65, off Hwy. 25, 30 May 1996, Katherine Gould 145 & Sheryl Gould (HOLO-

TYPE: TEX; ISOTYPES: FLAS, FSU, GA, GH, U

OLEACEAE

CARTREMA

A number of recent studies ( hological, anatomical, and molecular) have suggested that Osmanthus Lour.

as generally and recently ciscontacitbed | is paraphyletic (summarized in Guo et al. mo 1). The most obvious

discordiam apent is the section Leiola (Spach) P.S. Green, phologically disting 1 obviously by

trasting with the fascicled infl fO } ) and oc

aie in eastern and ME Asia, and southeastern North America south to Mexico and Central

Poss" ign 1958). J.K. s bes recognized the distinctiveness of this element and created the genus

fifi

“americanus” and * ie reed i ” distributed in tl theast-

ern United States Rafı 1 ] ] E 5 1 this | y nearly a century, however, Cartrema

o o

Weakley et al Al Lat ade 2 L a sh +k + Hal ic. 445

Rafinesque in 1838 with hi 1 l bination of percepti l sloppiness, the gi juired

ing viaa tion in the original, and in addition t ferring Ol i L. to Cartrema, es two years

later [ blished d, and therefore ill i epithet for tl t [Cart dorat f.) Raf].

While the melios — study of of Guo et "n QD dodi not resolve all the issues with generic

circumscription in subtribe Ole ly yl d falls ina

larger clade with Ol 1 Linociera, not O ti tricto. We theref t aia Raf as the ap-

propriate generic placement for the group of taxa formerly treated in Osmanthus section Leiolea. Cartrema

americana (L.) Raf. was established by Rafinesque, but O. th (Small) Small ex Little requires

a new combination (made below); we agree with recent authors who hive dpd to treat this taxon at specific

rank (e.g., Wunderlin & Hansen 2011). q... taxa in section Leiolea es treated by Green 1958) distributed in

Mexico, Central America, and pp ly also fer to Cartrema, but

ha i 4 ie t

> re x Er

we refrain from making I f t this time

unclear and is beyond the scope of this study.

varietal treatment remains

Cartrema megacarpa (Small) Weakley, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Amarolea megacarpa Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1043. 1933. TYPE:

U.S.A. FLORIDA. Highlands Co.: near Lake Annie, 8 Jan 1925, J.K. Small & Matthaus 11612 (HOLOTYPE: NY).

Osmanthus megacarpus (Small) Small ex Little, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33:10. 1943.

POACEAE

ANDROPOGON

We admire and commend Campbell's (1983) monograph, which rightly returned botanists to the recognition

of numerous taxa in abe: “A. virginicus complex; following the extremely broad treatment s the group by

Radford (1968) in tl | Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell

1968). In the number d paient of taxa, a. Campbells Pul conclusions closely E those of

1 path towards

M S P nd: 2 PM

Hackel (1889), suggesting that taxonomy

the uuh We also pci campbell (1983) use of a ese x ical

d worthy of recognition, with 3 or fewer reliable character gate differ-

ences meaning an informal rank distinction of “variant,” 4-6 meaning formal varietal distinction, and 7-9

meaning formal specific distinction, as a tool to render new order out of the then recently past and simplistic

chaos. Several decades after Campbell's insightful work, the observable biological realities of this complex of

taxa clearly warrant new opinions on taxonomic rank. Campbell (1986) himself provided some preliminary

reassessments, elevating some taxa formerly treated as informal *variants" to formal taxonomic status based

on a “phylogenetic econo pl the group, although other groupings made by Campbell of formal (vari-

ety) and informal (“variants”) wi pported by the analysis, or only weakly so

After an examination of the eic herbarium specimens e^ living populations, we ida that

the three striking, chalky-white bl fth

Nash, A. dealbatus (C. Malo Weeklen j ‘LeBlond (combination. made bek and A. scenes Elliott—are

distinerire as specie un is and i ri

nited States Coastal Plain—A. capillipes

the mid-20th y (Pera: 1950; Hitchcock and Chase 1951: Godfrey and

Wooten 1979; Campbell 1983; Wunderlin and Hiiseit 2011; Campbell 2003). During that same period, plants

referable to A. dealbatus have been treated in synonymy ym A. esi Following the original published

descriptions of A. capillipes (as A. virginicus L. var. g albatus (as A DUDAS var. tal

tus C. Mohr) by Hackel (1889), the three taxa had ‘note en her until the |

the Andropogon virginicus complex by Campbell (1983). Campbell pen not to treat A. capillipes and A. ren

tus as torte maea and ma treated them as informal variants comprising a single taxon, A. virginicus

var. glaucus. P ble t illipes he called the “drylands variant” and those referable to A. dealbatus

were called the “wetlands variant.”

eem nib A. dealbatus, and A. glaucopsis are most readily separated from other members of

the A. virg ex by the strongly chalk-white leaves (A. perangustatus Nash and Campbell's “smooth

B fa Bat >i D. Jd M. ad £T. rt

446

} E * q TE inm ra

variant” of A. virginicus var. virg

A A O oc

lengths. In A. glaucopsis, the ne nen ene ere er eee Dom loa, ette n doc qM

specie e m Son Tod 1.0) mm long. I Iso differ, with those

of A. glaucopsis 0—0. llectively 0.2 13mm long Leaf blades are 0329

40(—75) cm long in A. glaucopsis and collectively (11-17-3052) cm | A. capillipes, A. dealbatus, and A.

Campbell (1983) states that the ` rlap in the charact ing the drylands and wetland

EE oi Ea A ec

ined in the herbari h I two taxa are not recognized nomenclaturally” ba Campbd

——— oca

th f L 1 1 y CA. = e ME:

lated g

At CN Set 4 AE ; PE 1 CT ES sc de | 1 - 1 1 1 h

ern Florida y y ying any gle p Į

* CEN Wen MER E ns 1 1 3 - $ "3 a E l3 o 4 | A = combined the

tween a bog inhabited by the wetlands y variant

e A = 1 f. S.L ™

gr O

Ideally t A L (eb E 1 Pi Vege, UM a f 3 1 1 E on her

ETE

Rh = Rss uh 1 £.11 - [s 1 3 = f

T » 7 zin D "X

:L nl ) On Bak r 1 GC.LIL - 1 Y 15.20

Ser ar hte ts sng in, Many pd ps o in an

identifiable b dia = ias *n d^ X3 ss diia - L ang T n E t

we | not fi 1 - 1 r 1 g 4 os L was not r lily 11 E adi

other, and Campbell (1983) himself i di finding only that single individ deagos là B

condition.

T = - 1 r 3 E X R 1 -I 1 1 5 ws s /

Lu O r

h n pe E MA E cs 1 3: 1 3 . = a

— ) d h 1 :

EJ Lui O EE WENT

hh } = Joh S n 1 1 As ted

Camel dier olo t ul e au fp cl ond d

rige dealbatus prefers wet savannas, depressional wetlands, and

zs + ditch Androp

seth ora and west 1o Am Amp d i disjunctly widespread,

to Te A n (c -

1997). Fernald (1950) cited soutl Me ud but Campbell did not

citea Virginia specimen, nor have we been able to locate one

In our opinion, Andropog F et ee ta nalle chalky eee

(A capillipes and A dealb yb Iso fi A glomeratus, ith

x a e

rank It hal, gy »- d ons 1 ply das t and LE E 1 3 dantlv

X 4 7 4

itl A. l -i r ES £ LL p = nd

aran specife rank (Weakley 201, e Bridges & 5. Ont pesca).

ll a a aeaa i h

1. Ligule 0.9-2.0 io a Did sn. lih cil 6-02 Swi AA PEO wide,

(20324 3:54: cmlong lea blades (333 awg-40(-75)ambong gap

1. Ligule 0.2-0.5 mm with cilia 03-12 g; (2.7-)3.0-4.2(-5.5) ride, (2.1-)2.6-4.8(-6.0) cm

long; leaf blades (12) avg. 19-38) am long...

25 h "| (25633) 35

sheaths (2.12 6—3 8(-4.9) cn ung ace ATLAS -24C ACAR) am long ees an 15 S mn de a

floret lemma awn ( (06) avg. 1-1- 1.5) g; A. capillipes

34 E a eer es um : i a x.

3.0-)3.5-3.9(4.4) mm long; heaths (2.4)3 2-4.8(-6.0) am | 05-20-30 40 cm lonccl

OQ 5 9565 zc A L (0.9) avg. 144-21) m As plena ene eng

bell ed. | A v ) avg. 1 "r

A. dealbatus

Weakley et al., N A. 5 A . B. s di Eak 2 TO 3 C. 447

"e ee 1 ese A. gyrans WW. Ashe, as

A: gyruis vac siens A Cs. e ni icu

O un PC An different habitats, and different (though overlap-

pp ere proxi APIS AU CO el ipid

show habitat fidelity and an apy bsent of any hybrids, intergrades, liates. We

did 1 ific rank (Weakley 2011 E. Bridges &5. Orzell pers. comm).

The southeastern Coste Filo tid And

rather than treatment at varietal rank under A. liebmannii Hackel, as var pungensis (Ashe) CS. soraa

(Weakley 2011). Uniting the two as varieties of A. li

another, and perhaps they are, but Campbell (1986) provided no support for their monophyly. Even if sister

taxa

Andicpagiai texuilipathons Qiado Mindi hikes srta satel oL A alaena vie panies of Coche

[1983], becoming equivalent to A. glomeratus var. Mie od ici qui eie pora M

glomeratus var. scabriglumis Campbell [Campbell 1986, 2003]) al

Lantern aperui otis nm ghana

bos tees RS 1D.

The ol dE s ef mE » i ifc tannic highlights the

— "nar ci vim lm in vii alr, As el 1968), lapa

k & Chase 1951, Small 1933), d A. virginicus as A. virginicus var. hirsu-

eratus” for the reasons stated above. We therefore believe that specifi is warranted for this entity, as

—— by idtm o

a TN Malu) Weakley & LeBlond, comb. et NOV. BASIONYM: Andropogon virginicus var. dealba-

tus C. Mohr in A I PP. de Candolle & A C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. ahis 1889. TrrE: U.S.A. ALABAMA. Mobile Co- Mobile,

1884, Mohr s.n. (HOLOTYPE: W).

Ink A. virginicus L Hackel in DC. “wetlands variant” in the sense of Campbell (1983, 2003).

Andropogon hirsatior (Hackel) Weakley & LeBlond, comb. et Stat. NOV. BASONYM: Andropogon macrourus Michx. var.

hirsutior Hackel in A1 PP. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6:411. 1889. Type: U.S.A. ALABAMA. Mobile Co:

Mobile, 28 Oct 1884, Mohr s.n. (HOLOTYPE: W).

A p os Hess. Kr Din E Li. > £11. A nr 2

pogon gl Sterns Lg Mohr, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:21. 1897.

Áenus a k "ERE TS h f Pani i land hvleti its, Zuloaga, Scataglini

H P c AGE 2 o E > O D >

Ke MA Sua BR = A R1 JR ME D. z dil A ^J. F A

( ) prop I y g Tenera should

E tj Az T. 3 o HE 2 1 3 1 1 E TE - A.N < it

c» or

4 ee, ani. 1 e TL aiios diei f Li

egress! o O O y KE

1 E 1 1 £f sl, Sol

legitimate generic name, C Coleatacna, y y p gen

Be 1: fT. L 1

E ENS Lut ow r

wrbhih S. 1 E ¿DA 4

c» A O

Cal . € s. (S n ) y wa d, comb now B Pani, bsci Swall J Wash. Acad. Sci. 30:215, E4,

nis a m i Pe a Pars e m

1940. gidul Nees ssp g Sida 20-172. 2002 gia longif

Tal Cr M her fCin Ful kK ME Taxon 50-1542 2010 Cal ia fT, 1c "

Loa

T oe oF OP

448 n yee ey D ‘Ip ie ees: ae £T Eí(^

scissa (Swallen) Soreng, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:691. 2010. TYPE: U.S.A. FLORIDA. Highlands Co.: Sebring, in dry 1 p

near lake, 3 Oct 1925, Weatherwax s.n. (HOLOTYPE: US).

This central Florida ee is — to mue rank due to the unique structure of the sheath summit,

ligule, and blade base. T g with other taxa. Within its limited range, itis often the

dominant her! l in moist fl 1 dd ion

Coleataenia O E ex aie aa = condensa (Nisl ExBiond, onb. äs stat. NOV. BASIONYM:

S. 93, 1327. P F Id, Rhodora 36:74.

1934. Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Neen» var. s Comlleación: Miu Moblenbr, "n Ind. Bot. 71. 1973. TYPE: U.S.A. FLORIDA. Duval Co.:

near Jacksonville, 16 Oct 1 US)

Although Gleason (1952) stated that the *Panicum condensum entity" intergraded — em *P. agros-

toides var. agrostoides" (what is here called Coleataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula), h d distin-

guishing characters, adita some meena a taxon's — meses ee for larger spikelets,

and restriction to the Coasta

ERE eo

Coleataenia rigidula genis ex — LeBlond ssp. rigidula, comb. nov. B Panicum rigidulum B Nees, Fl

Bras. Enum. Pl. 2:163. 18 (B Nees) 7ul M Tax

59:1542. 2010. Col ia l gifol lia (Torr.) Soreng ssp igid la (B Nees) Soreng, J. Bot. Res. Inst Texas 4:691. 2010, TYPE:

U.S.A. Bosc s.n. (HOLOTYPE).

Panicum agrostoides Muhl., Descr. Gram. 119. 1817, nom. illeg., non Spreng. (1815). TYPE: “Muhlenberg Herbarium deposited by

American eve Society,” Muhlenberg 177. (LECTOTYPE: PH).

ar. ramosior C. Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6:357. 1901. Panicum agrostoides var. ramosius (C. Mohr) Fernald,

Rhodorá 38:390. 1936. TYPE: U.S.A. ALABAMA. Mobile Co.: Pierce's Landing, Oct 1885, Mohr s.n. (HOLOTYPE: US).

ku A hae 2 AET, PR E. 1 1 ft 4 aee | LEON: UE [ELE NE y titi

(including C. stipitata) argues si a taxonomic d ng at the species tatc The longifolia ligule is aapnised of

white hairs 0.5-3 mm long, while th y membrane 0.3-1 mm long. The leaves of longi-

folia are usually pubescent and folded or jr ve while the mostly wider leaves of rigidula are glabrous and

flat. Upper leaves are characteristically shorter than the panicles in longifolia, and more-or-less equal to the

panicles in rigidula.

a spitas (Nash) Bim comb. nov. BASIONYM: Panicum seed Nash, Bull. Div. Boe U.S.D.A. 17:56.

r. Sept. 1:69. 1814, nom. illeg., non Salisb. (17 g

i. Am PAR su. m Tennessee 2:42. ait Pani lul (Scribn.) Lelong Béittonda 36:263.

(D 1 D, : ers s

h) Frecl & Lel g, Sida 20: 172. 2002,

lum B N S ) Frecl & Lelong in Fl f Nortl p Eon 2003. Sorengia l ‘a (Torr)

Zuloaga & Mortals ssp. EN (Scribn.) Zuloaga & ieee. Taxon 59:1542. 2010. CM lowcijolia (Torr) pines. ssp.

elongata (Scribn.) Soreng, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:691. 2010. TyPE: U.S.A. DELAWARE: US, photo; ISOLECTO-

TYPE: US, fragment).

O O

Occasional speci pproach Coleataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula but can be distinguished by the stipitate up-

per lemma.

DICHANTHELIUM SECTION IA

Dichanthelium neuranthum (Griseb.) LeBlond, comb. nov. Basionym: Panicum neuranthum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 232.

1866. Dichanthelium aciculare (Desvaux ex Poiret) Gould & C.A. Clark ssp. neuranthum (Griseb.) Freckmann & Lelong, Sida

20:167. 2002. TyPE: CuBA: Oriente, 1860, Wright 3453 (LECTOTYPE: US).

Panicum ovinum Scribn. & J.G. Sm., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 16:3. 1899. TYPE: U.S.A. TEXAS. Waller Co.: 25 May 1898, Thurow s.n.

(HOLOTYPE: US)

Panicum pinetorum Swallen, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 55:93. 1942. TYPE: U.S.A. FLORIDA. Lee C pen pi 1 Bonita Spring: 14

1940, Silveus 6604 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPE: TEX, US).

Panicum ridivivum Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2:262. 1841, nomen nudum. TYPE: MEXICO: Hacienda de la Laguna, n.d., Schiede 37

(HOLOTYPE: LE; ISOTYPE: US, fragment ex LE)

Thich i. 1 . 1

uncommon to rare species that may be overlooked because of its resem-

ee E T

Weakley et al N Jatural ct in the fl fi m + EP POM 449

blance to other taxa, especially th lfi f D. aciculare (Desvaux ex Poiret) Gould & C.A. Clark and

vernal form of D. caerulescens (Hackel ex Hitchcock) Correll. It appears "e i most dy nelated to D. acicu-

lare and has ME e Lo sitne in sy pM ith that taxon. Dic) disti

from D. i hs (at least the lower pubescent to ill i D acicu-

lare), vernal blades 5-15 cm m long (4-8 cm in D. aciculare) and first homes 0.7-1.0 mm long "S di 0.8 mm in D.

aciculare). T D is oft 5-2 cm wide bic) ially among popu-

IRBURS along ie Atlantic kem Plain, with eret ascending I ] d sub il few in num-

ber. Dichant) readily di hed f he vernal form of D. d by having

pubescent spikelets 1.8—2.2(-2.8) mm long PT and 1.4-1.8 mm in D. caerulescens), longer first glumes

(0.3-0.8 mm in D. caerulescens), leaves 15-20 or more times as long as wide (10-15 times as long in D. caerule-

scens), and usually narrower panicles. Dichanthelium caerulescens panicle branches also ascend, but not as

strictly as they frequently do in D. neuranthum. Both taxa are found in maritime wet grasslands on the Outer

Banks of North Carolina.

Plants treated as Panicum ovinum Scribn. & J.G. Sm. and nies pee issie to Mexico are treated here

as belonging to D. neuranthum. They appear to differ only in! ightly longer (2.1-2.2 mm) than

those found in Atlantic Coastal Plain sopiiko (1.8-2.0 mm tin, by distribütiou, and perhaps by habitat,

described as dry or moist open ground, prairies, and swales (Silveus 1942). A population of D. neuranthum

found June 2009 in a barrens in Union County, North Carolina, belongs to "P. ovinum."

Plants from populations in open pine woods in Charlotte and Lee counties, Florida, with spikelets 2.3-

2.8 mm long but otherwise resembling D. neuranthum were described as Panicum pum m They

need additional study, and may be distinct. No populations of D. neuranthum with sp ing 2.2 mm

in length have been seen elsewhere.

Distribution and habitat.—Dichanthelium neuranthum occurs locally from North Carolina to Florida, and

west to east Texas and Arkansas. It is also found in Mexico, the Bahamas, Cuba, and Belize. Along the Atlantic

and Gulf coasts, it is primarily found in maritime wet grasslands and wet pineland savannas near the coast,

especially those with a acu influence. Plants referable to Panicum ovinum occur inland in dry to moist

open ground, prairies, and t Texas to Mississippi and Arkansas, and in Mexico, with a disjunct

occurrence in the Piedmont of North Carolina.

SECTION CLANDESTINA

Dichanthelium cryptanthum (Ashe) LeBlond, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Panicum cryptanthum Ashe, North Carolina dicm

Exp. Sta. Bull. 175:115. 1900. Panicum — Elliott var. cryptanthum (Ashe) Gleason, Phytologia 4:21. 1952. TYPE

Tol ill, 15 Jul 1897, Ashe s.n. (LECTOTYPE: NCU! NCU!, US!)

NORTH CAROLINA. J

Dichantheli thumisa di ] itch found from New Jersey to Texas.

It shares with D. l'icübeilisculium (Elliott) Gould & C.A. Clark (sensu serito) glabrous internodes, a scabrous

peduncle, membranous ligules, and ovate-acute spikelets, but differs in several characters. Culms in D.

cryptanthum are less than 2 mm in oma dove the nee while more than 2 mm in D. scabriusculum. The

lowest nod lly retrorsely beard tin D. scal lum, or rarely bearded). The

ligule is 0.3-0.6 mm long in D. cryitunthun and 0.5-1. 3 mm long in D. scabriusculum. Largest leaves in D.

cryptanthum are 7-12(-16) cm by 6-9 mm while those of D. scabriusculum are 10-25 cm by 8-15 mm. The

panicle rachis, branches, and pedicels of D. cryptanthum are scabrous and lack pellucid punctations, while

these features are smooth and pellucid-punctate in D. scabriusculum. Spikelets of D. cryptanthum are 2.0-2.4

mm long, compared to 2.1-2.8 mm in D. scabriusculum. The first glume in D. cryptanthum is 0.7-1.1 mm long,

lanceolate, and with a blunt to acute apex. In D. scabriusculum, the first glume is 0.3-0.6(-0.8) mm long, reni-

form to —€— (rarely open, and with a truncate to dens apex. Dichanthelium cryptanthum re-

D. yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbrock.

1 A iliate ligule

The latter is readily distinguished by

Distribution and habitat.—Dichanthelium pane OCcurs locally in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal

450 L 1 Zeal D : ID Lt 0 £T. 5(2)

Plain from Virginia to Texas and disjunctly in New Jersey. It is found in a variety of wetland habitats, including

small streams, spring heads, seeps, and swamps, especially where the habitat is kept open by fire or repeated

disturbance.

SECTION ENSIFOLIA

Dichanthelium curtifolium (Nash) LeBlond, comb. nov. Basionym: Panicum curtifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26:569.

1899. Panicum ensifolium Baldwin ex Elliott var. curtifolium (Nash) Lelong, Brittonia 36:266. 1984. Dichanthelit ifoli

(Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould ssp ifolium (Nash) Frecl & Lel i

Ocean Springs, 2 May 1898, Tracy 4598 (HOLOTYPE: NY; ISOTYPE: US!).

Sida 20:170. 2002. TYPE: U.S.A. MISSISSIPPI. Jackson Co.:

P. Ashe, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16:85. 1900. TYPE: U.S.A. ALABAMA. Jackson Co.: Sand Mountain, Jun 1899,

Ashe s.n. (LECTOTYPE: US).

Dichanthelium curtifolium has morphological features that appear to link it with two or three sections; this,

combined with its restricted and disjunct distribution, may have contributed to conflicting or ambiguous

treatments. The bearded gg lationship with sections Dichanthelium (formerly sect. Dichotoma)

or Lanuginosa, while leaf size, shape, number, and disposition on delicate culms suggest a relationship with

sect. Ensifolia. The length of the hairy ligule, 1-2 mm, is longer than that of any other taxon in sections

Dichanthelium and Ensifolia, all of which have ciliate ligules at most 1 mm long. The combination of ligule

l d spreading sheath pul y explain why Gould and Clark (1978) placed Panicum curtifolium

within their concept of D. inatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. implicatum (Scribn.) Gould & C.A. Clark

in sect. Lanuginosa. Correll & Johnston (1970) describe curtifolium as "basically P. ensifolium as to genetic con-

stitution, but contaminated by something like the P. spretum-P. lindheimeri complex." Spikelets can be pubes-

cent or glabrous. It is quite possible that D. curtifolium is of hybrid origin, but at least some populations occur

vo AD iE i :

E I present.

Plants assigned to Panicum earlei Nash were treated in synonymy with P. curtifolium by Hitchcock &

Chase (1910) and others. The isotype at NCU has glabrous spikelets 1.2-1.3 mm long and bearded nodes, but

hee A n i 1 1: ^ Ep VE

P g hairy g 2-2.5 mm long. These plants appear to

be more closely related to Lanugi larei PS E e T

Distribution and habitat.—Dichanthelium curtifolium ranges sporadically along the Atlantic and Gulf —

Coastal Plain from South Carolina and Florida west to east Te

Appalachian Province

in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama. It prefers moist shady places and bogs and has been collected in

saturated to shallowly inundated st head swam iated witl b the Coastal Plain, and

in grass-sedge bogs and along mountain streams in the Appalachian Province. Although Hitchcock & Chase

(1910, 1950) did not include North Carolina in the distribution of P curtifolium, Hitchcock & Chase (1910).

included in synonymy a specimen of Panicum austromontanum Ashe “from western North Carolina,” anda -

specimen of D. curtifolium was found in Clay Co., NC, in 1956 by H.E. Ahles and A.E. Radford (NCU).

SECTION LANCEARIA

Dichanthelium webberianum (Nash) LeBlond, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Panicum webberianum Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club

23:149. 1896. TYPE: U.S.A. FLORIDA. Lake Co.: vicinity of Eustis, 16—31 May 1894, Nash 781 (ISOTYPE: US).

Panicum onslowense Ashe, J. Elisha Mitchell

i. Soc. 16:88. 1900. TYPE: U.S.A. NORTH CAROLINA. Onslow Co.: near Ward's Mill, 19-22

ay 1899, Ashe s.n. (ISOTYPE: US, fragment). As noted by Hitchcock and Chase ( 1910), some specimens (e.g., NCU!) distributed as

Panicum onslowense “and bearing the same data as the type” belong to Panicum lancearium Trin.

Dichanthelium webberianum is distinguished from other members of sect. L

lemma and palea and larger lower culm and rosette blades. The glabr l

in width, and larger winter rosette blades are 3-8 cm long, compared to 1

-2.5(-5) cm in D. portoricense sensu

other members of the section. Dichanthelium web-

berianum spikelets are longer than those of D. portoricense var. portoricense (2.1-2.6 mm ys. 1.5-1.8 mm), but

A PAI E A o es

ancearia by its distinctly papillose —

blad ft 3 timet

the Cape Fear Arch region of the Carolinas) com —

Weakley et al à M Lat: Aa al a Esh "I Mai 1c 451

£F P; web s "C ES ] +) i } isti fD portoricense

pa patulum aen spikelets up to 2.6 mm long. These include plants nik to Panicum patcuitolum Nash,

which have rosette blades up to 5 cm long but with culm blades no wider than 5 mm. They need additional

study.

Distributia and habitat —D. webberianum occurs locally on he gatete plain from southeastern North

Florida. I It is found in wet longleaf p

LEPTOCHLOA

Leptochloa maritima T E DE LeBiond & e comb. nov. BasioNvM: Diplachne maritima E.P. Bicknell, Bull.

bp Bot. Club 35:195. 1908. I ) A. Gray var. maritima (E.P. Bicknell) Gleason, Phytologia 4:21. 1952.

E: U.S.A. MASSACHUSETTS. Munich Co: sandy shores of Sachacha Pond, 16 Sep 1899, Bicknell s.n. (LECTOTYPE: NY

Festuca EAA Muhl, Descr. Gram. 160. 1817. Diachroa procumbens (Muhl.) Nutt., homi Amer. de I n.s., 5:147. 1837.

ne procumbens n: Nash, Man. Fl. N. States 128. 1901, nom illeg rec 1894). TYPE:

U.S.A.: Carolina, Muhl g 235 (HOLOTYPE: PH).

Leptochl itima is distinguished f L. fascicularis monta aor and — Mismo of E fusca dod

Y. «E 1 > C E | 4 h ,long

T E Pi d

lemma awns. Itis specifically disataguibed iom L fascicularis as lows

de Pact 2 XM mm n long: umes sets tren bx — first glume 2.5-3.5 mm long, second glume 4-7 mm long;

mmas Le — maritima

ERY: S9 AN 1 I

^ S 1 1 1 13.5 7 mm long

ong; lemma awns 0.5-1.2 mm long E gan ei fascicularis s.s.

Lestochi iti included in L. fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. gta deem ) —— Snow by Snow (2003). He

did not recognize entity “maritima” “because long [lemma] through-

out the species." We find that the combination of characters cited ventis are e consistent oes dm the New

Hampshire to Florida range. Maximum jena rai inL iti given by

Snow for L. fusca sensu lato (6 mm). M length in L. maritima (5 mm) exceeds that given by

2 t! glume lotus gth for L. mari-

Snow for his concept of L. fusca ssp. fasciculata (3.5 mm),

tima (7 mm) and L. fusca ssp. fasciculata (5 mm).

Distribution and habitat: Leptochloa maritima ranges from New Hampshire to Florida. It most frequently

occurs on exposed peat and organic muck at or near the coast where vegetation is sparse or of low stature.

Habitats E fresti to brackish hes and overwash flats, edges of tidal creeks, exposed beds of natural

and man li d wetlands.

THELYPTERIDACEAE

Sas

There is an i in tl idological ity to accept various long-proposed segregates

of Thelypteris Scheib sensu Intissimin, In the southeastern United States, only one member of the segregate

genus Stegnogramma Blume is present, the remarkable “Alabama shield fern,” usually in the past called

—9 pos (M. MEME - eda: Crawford var. alabamensis Crawford, and transferred to

t s nnmis K. uer var. alabamensis sees K. Iwats..

owen Watkins and Farrar (2002, 2005) make a relictual taxon

warranting specific rank, which they established as Ticbouns burksiorum J.E. Watkins & D.R. Farrar.

Following these recent shes, we ois generic status for Stegnogramma and specific rank for the Alabama

shield fern, I g combination.

Stegnogramma makita (J.E. Watkins & D.R. Farrar) Weakley, comb. nov. BAsionwm: Thelypteris burksiorum J.E

Watkins & D.R. Pan — Tr 92: sitos PS 8; figs, 1-4), 2002. TYPE: U.S.A. ALABAMA. Winston Co.: in fissures of Pottsville

sandstone l le Springs, J.E. Watkins 797 (NY).

] i) Crawford var. alabamensis C ford: S il M.M & Gal

Thelypteris pilosa (M. Martens & G w gnog I

var. alabamensis (Crawford) K. Iwats.

Iwats.

1 Nam P S. d E. Badia ŠT. Ci

452

VITACEAE

MUSCADINIA

AAA

In the past decade, a number of molecular phylogenetic studies of the Vitaceae have been undertaken, using —

different genes and different sampling within the ties we per they all corroborate the clear distinction of —

the muscadines HOC from the true grap ggest that

l resul hether Muscadinia + Vitis is a monophyletic group.

lade with Vitis sensu stricto, recognition

L. sensu stricto,

Overall, and even if

MA. aM A | 1 1 E y A |

of Muscadinia at generic rank is warranted, based on the longsrecognized VO BRETA distinctiveness of

Muscadinia vs. Vitis sensu stricto (tendrils simple vs. bifid or trifid; bark i lenticels

vs. bark shredding and with inconspicuous lenticels; pith continuous through nodes vs. pith interrupted by

are sister to Vitis

nodal diaphragms; leaves small, coarsely dentate, and never deeply lobed vs. leaves large, finely serrate, and —

End er nen "e genetic distance of it from Vitis sensu stricto, the close relationships of taxa within

Vitis sensu stricto), the frequent past and iti f Muscadin d the standards of morphologi-

cal distinctiveness of genera in the Vitaceae (Brizicky 1965; Ren et al. 2011; Peros etal 2011; Tröndle et al. 2010;

Rossetto et sa uds jos & d 2006

d lower level taxa s Es MES cierta des he south

United States, Small (1933) TUNE 2 species (in Muscadinia):

M. munsoniana (J.H. Simpson ex Planch.) Small, and this “two species scheme” has dns been employed in Vitis

as e Vitis rotundifolia Michaux and V. ees): H. Simpson ex Planch. For instance, Correll and Correll

1 that “the larger berri ies [V. rotundifolia], however, with their tough thick skin

and ul sweet pulp are strikingly different "M those of our species [V. munsoniana].” On the other ex

treme, Wunderlin and Hansen (2011) lump V. munsoniana into V. rotundifolia without varietal status or com-

ment. Moore (1988) sonante that me OS aes to distinguish V. munsoniana from V. rotundifolia,

particularly leaf size, appear to int t of intermediate individuals to one

species or the niher most pe d In FII, Moore followed this up aea treating the “munsoniana entity” at va-

rietal y to do so opts 1991).

ur p I 1 1 f PESA ca AP D SC PEE dd 2 (*rotun-

: .ma fX) 1 1 & " A. *

difolia" in most of Jnited States, “munsoniana in southern Florida and the Bal ), but that

in northern Florid d adj } G zh AE 12-4 1 diate

f inter median

interfertility, the diffi (40 in Muscadinia, 38in .

and difficult-to-place material’ is encountered, as i5 noted by Moore (1988, 1991). This fits with our concept of —

entities that should be recognized at varietal rank. In addition, Ward (2006) makes a persuasive case thatan |

additional entity, previously studied and recognized but not formally named, is another narrowly endemic :

taxon of the scrub of the Florida central ridge: Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. pygmaea aa ex 2; B. Ward.

The only other taxon of muscadine is Vitis popenoei J L Fennel] Central

America; its differences in morphology and distribution support its specific nes m the taxa of the

southeastern United States m: West mes discussed above. In order t t of mus-

dines as g Muscadinia, and the distinction of *munsoniana" and “rotun-

difolia" at varietal anki in Muscadinia, we make the following combinations.

Muscadinia rotundifolia Miei. Small v var. ccena J. H. Simpson ex Planch.) Weakley & Gandhi,

comb. et stat. nov. Basio in A.L.P.P. de Candolle & A.C.P. de Candolle, Monog*

Phan. 5:615. 1887. Vitis gin Michx. var. munsoniana 0. H. Madea ex Planch. D M.O. Moore; Muscadinia munsoniana (J. H.

Simpson ex Planch.) Small. TYPE: U.S.A. FLORIDA. Manatee C . 1883, 1885, 1887, J.H. Simpson, cul-

tivated Munson vineyard, Denison, Texas, 1890, [LECTOTYPE, desi 1 by M.O. Moore (1991): PH].

Iz)

Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small var. pygmaea (McFarlin ex D.B. Ward) Weakley & Gandhi, comb.

NOV. BASIONYM: Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. pygmaea McFarlin ex D.B. Ward, Phytologia 88:219. 2006.TYPE: UNITED STATES.

FLORIDA. Highlands Co.: sand dunes, Lake Jackson, Sebring, J.B. McFarlin 5707, 9 Jun 1931 [“flowers”] (HOLOTYPE: US 1728170).

PARATYPES: FLORIDA. Highlands Co.: sand dunes, Lake Jackson, Sebring, J.B. McFarlin 6524, 15 Aug 1931 [*fruits"] (US 172817).

Weakley et al., N clatural ch ert ee | fth +) *. ie per 453

Muscadinia popenoei (J.L. Fennell) Weakley & Gandhi, comb. nov. Basionym: Vitis popenoei J.L. Fennell, J. Wash. Acad.

Sci. 30:17, fig. 2, 1940.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank the following individuals for their informal and formal reviews and suggestions (which

greatly improved the final publication): Edwin Bridges, Aaron Floden, Barney Lipscomb, Patrick McMillan,

John Nelson, Guy Nesom, Steve Orzell, Chris Reid, Ed Schilling, and Gene Wofford. The merits or demerits of

the work are, however, solely the responsibility of the authors.

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bai! , 3 F 7

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Cu MAL ir I

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 456. 2011

A FOSSIL FLOWER OF PERSEA (LAURACEAE)

IN TERTIARY DOMINICAN AMBER

Kenton L. Chambers George O. Poinar, Jr.

Department of Botany mé as Pathology Department of Zoology

regon State rsity e regon State University

rvallis, Oregon A Pi 1, U.S.A. rvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A.

re ia a a A

Alex E. Brown

629 Euclid Ave.

Berkeley, California 94708, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Persea avita sp. nov. is d bed fi fl i A SE amber. The absence, through post-anthesis loss, of 2 of the 3 large,

1 1 fel f£ il 11 $ £ IA 1 £ f 1 1 41 n. th

r LI eo 2 Y E ,

prol ably bel g bg Eriodaphne sect. Aurataea, in Vieh the 3 p ] ller tk hei , th y is pubescent,

A tia E il 0; 1 In the fossil. 2 fl fea i TV 1 i rH kK i kK 1 1 eeh 1

PP y g

2 ah tt [ 1 fb + 1 A E Jed ll The ll species of sect. A p ly limited to South

America (Kopp 1966).

RESUMEN

Persea avita sp. nov. se describe d flor el amb ene po g ausencia, por me pu npe. de 2 de los 3 tépalos

d i K e p NIS] 22d :

i i i i llo. De estar cor-

Erindale sect PETER l l

má 5 1 : 1 . 4 1 i f ay 9 Fn el fósil 2 del A J; dsl LT

P ,

T : u^.

INTRODUCTION

Remains of organisms found embedded in amber include animals, especially terrestrial invertebrates, and

plant parts, such as flowers, pollen, leaves, bryophyte stems, and wood fragments (Poinar 1992; Poinar &

Poinar 1999). The p tion of flowers in three-dimensional form may allow their assignment to modern

genera (Poinar et al. 2008a, revised by Chambers & Poinar 2010; Chambers et al. 2011) or to novel genera of

either verifiable or uncertain affinity olsen 4996; Poinar & Chambers 2005; Poinar et al. 2008b;

Chambers et al. 2010). The majority of describ from Baltic deposits (Spahr 1993), but the

above teporis: include both Mak dejad Dominican amber and Early Cretaceous Burmese amber.

, we discovered a flower that is clearly referable to family

O o

Lauraceae. D tol its I hesis and not i dition, it retains a seaman of features that

favors an amano to the eats Persea, with affinity t pecies of sect. Aurataea. In tion of its Mid-

Tertiary ge of the section, we propose its MH ME un-

der the new name Persea avita.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The faeccil arigi 1 f. i in tl I

ge (Cordillera Septentrional) of the Dominican

Republic, Misit the cities of pues Piata ane ear Dating of Dominican amber is controversial, with a

youngest proposed age of 20-15 mybp Iturralde-Vinent & McPhee 1996) and an oldest

J, Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 457 — 462. 2011

e IM iD hi ; £T.

458 J xas5(2)

of 45-30 mybp based on coccoliths (Cépek in Schlee 1999). Most of the amber is secondarily deposited in tur

biditic sandstones of the Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene Mamey Group (Draper et al. 1994),

DESCRIPTION .

Persea avita KL. Chambers, Poinar, & AE isdem - nov. M ian 1-6). Tyre: HISPANIOLA. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

amber 1995, ee amber miner s.n. (HOLOTYPE: catalogue

number Sd-9-180, deposited in the Poinar db llecti intained g te University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,

U.S.A.).

Flower perfect, post-anthesis, remaining pedicel 0.53 mm, not swollen, receptacle flat, hypanthium (cupule)

none, pem yaniy PENY 6 r inner "e missing), outer tepals ovate-deltoid, 1 mm long, densely stri-

tepal 4.3 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, densely strigose

"E and sheets fertile stamens diskol 9 in i3 series (6 stamens remaining: 1 first-whorl stamen repre-

sented only by a basal filament stub, 2 stamens of second whorl completely missing), filaments 1.3-2.0 mm

long, linear, curved adaxially, densely puberulent, short-stalked, basally-attached, glands present on third-

whorl stamens, Vend ober 0. as s mm (Fig. 1), anthers 0.8—1.1 mm, originally 4-locular (some pollen

sacs possibly ), remaining valves uplifted distally or moe anthers of Series]

and II introrse, Be Series III latrorse or extrorse, staminodia of innermost seri d to be 3 (2 missing, |

not in observable position), developing ovary superior, 1.7 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, densely strigose, style de-

ciduous.

Etymology.—from the Greek “avitus,” ancestral, grandfatherly.

DISCUSSION

The fl anthesis, id l by the d id | f ls, stamens, glands and

staminodes. The remaining stamens are 2 of Series I, 1 d Sens Il pr 3 of Series III. Two of the anthers appear

to have just 2 large anther sacs, but this may be due to confluence of the paired locules. Four of the 6 basal

glands on the Series III stamens can be seen. While no Series IV staminodes are visible, our assumption is that

2 have been lost in conjunction with the loss of their associated large tepals and Series II stamens, but that the

third may be present, although hidden by its adjacent Series III fertile stamens. It is not obvious whether the

absent floral parts were naturally dehiscent or were removed by insect predation; however, we favor the latter

possibility. Our suggested placement of the flower in subgen. Eriodaphne requires that the perianth parts be

persistent rather than deciduous (van der Werff 2002). The New World genera Aniba and Aiouea, with Series Vv

staminodia inconspicuous or absent, differ from the fossil in their 2-loculed anthers (Kubitzki 1982; Renner

1982). There are several Old World genera that lack such staminodia, as described by Pax (1891) and Rohwer

(1995), but we excluded them as possible congeners of this New World amber species. To identify possible ex-

tant relatives of the fossil, we reviewed the New World genera listed by these authors, as well as the annotated

list of genera in Little (2006, tab. 5.1). The fossil is well accommodated in Persea sect. Aurataea with respect t0

the pubescence of its tepals, filaments, and ovary (Kopp 1966), as well as its comparatively small outer tepals.

The length and shape of the filaments and anthers, the number and arrangement of anther locules, the direc-

tions of anther dehiscence, and the absence of a receptacular cupule are typical of this genus, as well (Allen

1945, 1948; van der Werff 1991).

The possibility of an alternative placement was suggested by H. van der Werff (pers. comm.), involving

Corydodaphnopsis, a genus once known only from southeast Asia (Kostermans 1974) but later identified also

from Central and South America (van der Werff & Richter 1985: van der Werff 1986; Zamora et al. 1988).

Identification of this genus is principally by the vegetative features of opposite leaves and details of wood

— ie der edt 3 TUNE 1985; riim et al. 1988), the interspecific variation in some floral charac

t. This applies especially to the anthers, which may have only

two pores or, if | ae pores, then these are arranged either in an arc or in pairs, one above the other. The fila

ments are characteristically no longer than the anthers, but in the New World species C. fosteri and C. burger

Chambers et al., A fossil fl fP in Tertiary Domini b 459

Figs. 1-4. orig 1. Sidt of flower. A indicat ds of Series Ill st Scale bar = 0.70 mm. 2. Enlarged view of anthers, ovary, and

gland of Side 1. S Bonos autks 3: RE de 2 af flower. Air bubbl ies split i Il aland of Series III left oh d

is ag po Scale bar — 0.75 mm. 4. Enlarged fanti i ovary apex of Side 2. Scale bar = 0.73 n

they are 2-4 times the anther length. The ovary is usually glal (Kost 1974), but it is pubescent in C.

fosteri and C. burgeri (van der Werff 1986; Zamora et al. 1988). The staminodes, except in C. burgeri, are short-

stalked, and the glands of the Series III stamens are relatively large. A similarity between this genus and the

Dominican fossil is the relatively small outer tepals, a trait also seen in Persea, as in P. nivea of section Aurataea

(Kopp 1966, fig. 9).

Given that we have no access to the critical vegetative features mentioned above, the variability in floral

characteristics of Corydodaphnopsis make an assignment to that genus too uncertain, in our opinion, but atten-

tion can be called to the fossil's similarity in perianth, stamens, and ovary to certain New World species, espe-

cially C. burgeri of Costa Rica.

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NUN ANT

SUN M IN A (y

NO pet Po i E ig

a V: PAM +

E ; Noy

SOS REY tS (a

SOS hii,

AG b Nt 5

5 IR A 7 6

Ur yd

Figs. 5—6. Persea avita. 5. Ri + e 4. ing £C14470 Ate cchhel, 1 n pl y.5 EIL 0 71mm é R vss ti Aray

ing of Side 1. Scale bar = 0.70 mm.

The Lauraceae have a long fossil history, with clearly identified C fl ins dating from the

Early Albian, Cenomanian, and Turonian (Drinnan et al. 1990; eree etal. 1994; Eklund 2000; Friis etal.

2006; von Balthazar et al. 2007). A esa of lio I 1 from the North American

Plate was given by Taylor (1988), i j iption of Middle to Upper Eocene Androglandula

of tribe Cinnamomeae. An unpublished oe of Lauraceae fo the Middle poene of British Columbia was

and de ittle (2006) (Little et al. 2009), with emphasi and development

lia and diff gl ter tepals, bilocular sumens and a glabrous

ovary. A molecular clock anal f the family p y cece unites et al. (2001). The best resolution

for a selected group of species at the tribes Perseeae and I f Rohwer 1993) was Be porii by

the ITS/5.8S region of nrDNA. This showed a date of 45 mybp for i the Pi

cies of Persea and 1 of Apollonias sampled) from a clade joining the eoten subgroup and tribe Laio The

approximate age 9 the PAD amber, 20-30 mybp, is thus in accord with a Mid-Tertiary evolution of

Persea, f molecular clock dating. To the best of our knowledge, the pres-

ent specimen is the first fesil record for this genus.

A molecular phylogenetic study of Lauraceae by Rohwer (2000), using the cpDNA matK gene, confirmed

that the Persea group of genera (a ie of Persen, Apollonias, A and Praia, is mona)

More recently (Rohwer et al. 2009), a pl ly based on nrDNA IT

spe-

cies of the Persea group, raised the possibility that rises itself, as currently delimited, is palyphyletic Species

of subgen. Eriodaphne are in a clade separate from that containing members of subgen. Persea. The authors

suggest that subgen. Eriodaphne will ultimately have to be treated taxonomically as the separate genus

Mutisiopersea, should this cladistic relationship be confirmed by later molecular analyses. However, separate

generic status for subgen. Eriodaphne is not supported by the results of Li et al. (2011), based on molecular

phylogenetic analysis of the combination of ITS and LEAFY intron II.

La £ D. La Tau n 2 x L

Chambers et al., A fossi y 461

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to Gerald Carr for help with photographic images of Persea flowers, and to Ruth Stockey for

assistance with the literature. Special rants are ane to Jens 2 jore. for his banum review comments,

and to Henk van der Werff, for his ad d Corydodaphnopsis

taxa. The herbaria of Harvard University and the New York Botanical Garden kindly made loans of specimens

for use in this study.

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ALLEN, C.K. 1948. Flora of Panama. ape Ann. — sini ci dnt aod

CHAMBERS, K.L. AND G.O. POINAR JR. 2010. T | C ATTE TU TTE

(Chrysobalanaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:217-218.

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Novon 20:23-29.

CHAMBERS, K L., 6. o. POINAR, JR., AND A.E. BROWN. 2011. Two fossil flowers of Trichilia (Meliaceae) in Dominican amber. J.

Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5:463-468.

CIMA A. > E VAN DER — AND S.S. RENNER. 2001. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Lauraceae: evi-

genomes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88:104-134

CONWENTZ, H. 1886. Die flora des Bernsteins. Vol. 2. Die Angiospermen des Bernsteins. Wilhelm Engelmann, Danzig,

Germany.

DRAPER, G., P. MANN, AND J.F. LEWIS. 1994. Hispaniola. In: S. Donovan and T.A. Jackson, eds. Caribbean geology: an intro-

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DRINNAN, A.N., P.R. CRANE, E.M. FRIIS, AND K.R. PEDERSEN. hes Lauraceous flowers from the Potomac Group (Mid-

uan of Eastern jase brisa: Bot. Gaz. 151:370-38

EKLUND, H. 2 l he Late Cretaceous " "ern CHE USA Bot. yl p soc 132 sitne

FRIIS, E.M., K.R. PEDERSEN, AND P.R. CRANE. 2006. C

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HERENDEEN, P., W. CREPET, AND K. NIXON. 1994. Fossil flowers and pollen of Lauraceae from the Upper Cretaceous of New

Jersey. Pl. Syst. Evol. 189:29-40.

ITURRALDE-VINENT, M.A. AND R.D.E. MACPHEE. 1996. Age and paleogeographic origin of Dominican amber. Science

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KoPP, L.E. 1966. A taxonomic revision of the genus Persea in the Western Hemisphere (Perseae-Lauraceae). Mem. New

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KOSTERMANS, A.J.G.H. 1974. A monograph of Caryodaphnopsis. Reinwardtia 9:123-137.

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Li, L., J. Li, J.G. ROHWER, H. VAN DER WERFF, Z-H. WANG, AND H.W. Li. 2011. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Persea

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TWO FOSSIL FLOWERS OF TRICHILIA (MELIACEAE) IN DOMINICAN AMBER

Kenton L. Chambers

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology

Oregon State ental

Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A.

chamberk@science.oregonstate.edu

George O. Poinar, Jr.

Department of Zoology

Oregon State University

Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A

Alex E. Brown

629 Euclid Ave.

Berkeley, California 94708, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Mid-Tertiary amber from the Caribbean island of His} la + ielded fl f l eudi I haracteristic of tropical and

subtropical forests of that time Line We here descril peci ly di d Domini ber fl which we assign

to Tri. chi lia 1 1 i 1 p $ (D. g 1 1981) n IR | I f, 1 f, 1 ly i

the genus. such as a dish Lh A t B 1 1 1 1461 f, uad 1 1

o , E F 7 E o x Y 7 o 7

E 1 1 1 1 TAL 1 1 1 1 1 cy f1 1 1 1

hil I d, the pistil and all ! her have | damaged d by i predati dos one remaining dri s mal-

f£ A n p, 1 1 1 561 pt 1 fillad t e 9^ c 1 |^ p t $ The wo fossils differ i in

h D F d pul ll 1 fil be sl described as tl species dieta glaesaria

and Trichilia antiqua.

RESUMEN

: . . . 1. TIT: (1 1 1 n 1 1

El ámbar del T dio de la isl 1 la ha ap d p

h $ al 1 1 a T» 1 A fl 1

1 = P4 i r r CM r

l ámbar d que asignamos a Trichilia, el mayor gé le M l ópico (Penning 1. 1981). Ambas

f f 1 1 f A 1 1 RA

1 eo r r

curvados 1 f 1 f, 1 1 11444. E A Abst A i NP 1

PA E 1 o

a bet Mae pl pistil I I la segunda, el pistilo y el resto excepto una

4 h da Anta 1 A y - I£ 1 1

t L3 L3 1

fil n E la; 1 1 } 1 fácil Jif faf "S d 1 1

J E

nub Jat 1 e A El 1 i} 1 g T OR E | 1 "Ihi

a 2 2 E > P 1

INTRODUCTION

A reconstru f the Late Ol ig /Early Mi ical fi f — was Te by Poinar &

Poinar (1999), based on fossil

legume

Hymenaea protera. Novel dl recently described from flowers found in these deposits include species of

Licania Bd o n a et a UR revised by runden & Poinar 2010), Persea (Lauraceae)

Nazis et y PN D,a

AA X71

Moraceae) (Poinar et al. 20o m: The flowers newly reported

EH ]

World tr 1 J 1 s 1

$ xL

impor Lalit family f

the Old and New

Alth gh n f

x ? | O

petal, and most of the anthers are missing, very likely tl I

1 A S s

the pistil, one

x |

structure of both fossils, in particular tl

of an insect, we believe the flower

tube with shar ply € d lobes between the

anthers, point to their placement in Trichilia P. Browne. We here propose their d

Trichilia glaesaria and Trichilia antiqua.

the new species

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The fossils origi ] from

the Cordillera Septentrional of the Dominican Republic, between the cit-

ies of Puerto Plata and Santiago. Dating of these amber deposits is controversial, with a youngest proposed age

of 20-15 mybp, based on EEES ance vient & McPhee 1996) ea an — ia 45-30 debe —

on coccoliths (Cépek in Schlee 1999 i 1 i

13 ILLAS RANA AA ily

Upper Eocene to Lot Mi M per et al. 1994).

"eed ri

y OTOUP iL

Rura S TERM ECCE

J. Bot. Res, Inst. Texas 5(2): 463 — 468. 2011

DESCRIPTIONS

Trichilia glaesaria KL. Chambers, Poinar, & A. E Brown, Sp. nov. AP. 1—2). Tyre: HISPANIOLA. DOMINICAN

g ), 1995, unknown miner s.n. (HOLOTYPE: catalogue

number Sd-9-27B, deposited in the Poi b llecti nidi CR St 1

am g te University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,

Flower pistillate, total length 4.5 mm; calyx abaxially strigillose, 0.8 mm long, shallowly cup-shaped, with

distinct, broadly acute lobes 0.45 mm long (Fig. 2), petals 5, free, valvate, lanceolate, acute, with incurved tip,

spreading to REEN 3.4mm long, 1.5 mm wide, adaxial surface densely low-papillate, abaxial surface strigil-

lose, fi m, glabrous, 1.8 mm long, 3.3 mm wide Pig. D, ade 10, sterile, sessile, lanceo-

wie glabrous, 07-09 mm long, antl , indehiscent | pty , (Fig.

sié 45 1 1 + e 1 1 i CER h.l h a

> E y higher and

bite pistil present, l li I be in length, sti

gth, pitate, minutely baptllase: ovary strigillose.

Etymology o the Latin* alacsarihs” of amber.

Trichilia antiqua K. L. Chambers, Poinar, & AE. BOE sp nov. FM 3-5). Tyre: HISPANIOLA. DOMINICAN

REPUBLIC: amber

g ), 1995, unknown pape miner s.n. (HOLOTYPE:

catalogue number Sd-9-27A, deposited in the Poi | llecti intai

University, Corvallis, Oregon

Functional gender of flower uncertain, total length 3.4 mm; calyx glabrous, rotate, ca. 0.8 mm long (Fig. 4), no

lobes abusi d ordo petals 3 d 6, free, valvate, lanceolate, acute, strongly recurved, 2.6 mm long, 0.7 mm

wide, y low-papillate, filament tube cylindrical, glabrous, 1.8 mm long, 1.6

mm pes (Fig. 3), ee ater 3 = ES Api pus deor pues RAS nb mm (Fig. 5)

mm g g thers, alter-

t I i 11 th (Fig. 3), pistil app tly damaged due to i pietii

Elrmologa —from the Latin "antiquus; "old.

DISCUSSION

Thet I h I p tl Mi 1-Tertiary ] d posi Hispaniola, are distin-

guishable by l floral cl i Diff in the pul fth l th

calyx and petals, in the shape and lobing of the calyces, and in the pe of the filament tubes and es of

placement of the lower versus reet anthem t on the rim. Minor pend are the dncupen petal tips in

Trichilia glaesaria, whicl

inT a ntiqua, t versus

the short — filament in the second (Fig. 5), and the acute versus acuminate lobes of the staminal tube

(Figs. 1,

As sea indicated, the flower of Trichilia anti

} j lucti ns, which we

believe may be due to an insect Teame ins PE filament its on the vee devouring m most of t anthers,

and removing one petal. Th l ental

abnormality, rather than the result of insect ped The Sy ol a partly damaged pistil c can n bes seen lec

down in the filament tube. The ab

er to this

flower. The perianth parts, filament tubes, and anther praiceient y both fossils Peeve: iheir chosen assign-

— to Piata Tue en a m joo lobes with the sessile or subsessile oe on the rim of

y neotropical f thi g ky Styles

£51 1 VE"

—

1975, Pennington et al. 1981) Also, the p

La vnm p the

tube is found in some Trichilia species, for example T. appendiculata (Iris and Planch. ) C. DC. and T. magni-

foliola Pennington (Pennington et al. 1981). Adaxially papillose petals are found in T. glabra L., T. claussenii C.

DC., T. pallida Swartz, e t m Se Mes anne others, while piu strigillose calyx, petals, and ovary

are common in New W 1981).

Penninot tal

their ei ies Teriay m two holotypes, aud to the lack of information on critical features of

eir v

egetative habit and male flowers, we favor their description as novel species rather than proposing 4?

Chambers et al

T £.

CHAINT

465

Fi. 1. Trichilia glaesaria

F 2

Fic. 2. Trichilia alaesaria R

466 Journal of 0)

cl Lad ssl d A Ai 1 1 h ES n 1 . sel : E hainhtc an rim

Fic. 3. Trichilia antiqua

of filament tube. Bar — 0.6 mm.

utar dics La

FIG. 4, Trichilia antiqua. Lateral view of base of flower, wit! LE A : Or Lis ad ced

Chambers et al., Two fossil fl f Trichilia in Domini I 467

Fig. 5 Trichilia antiqua A ffl h im of fil n ith fa TAE aia | 4 " a ER legó dh

7 F dt

debris from possible insect herbivore. Bar = 0. 6 mm.

uncertain placement in particular extant species of this large and diverse genus (Pennington & Styles 1975).

The critical differences between the two fossils are in the shape and pubescence of the calyx and the abaxial

pubescence of the corolla. The relatively cup-shaped staminal tube of T. glaesaria versus the cylindrical one of

T. antiqua might suggest only intraspecific variability, as for example in the difference between staminate and

u kaik in T. eas oe as pus id Pennington et al. (1981, p. 194). Variation in calyx

e.g. T. schomburgkii C. DC. (Pennington et al. 1981,

pp. 162-167), in which the calyx may be *Satelifums with 4—5 broadly ovate or triangular lobes...or [the]

margin + truncate, sparsely minutely Buen or kgisbrate s As we have only the t amples at hand and

cannot examine species variability, I p taxa, hoping this will assist in

their comparison with modern species of Central and South America.

The fossil record of Trichilia is limited to a report from the Lower Miocene palynoflora of Cameroon as-

cribed to this genus (Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978, pollen named as Psilastephanocolporites [sic!] grandis n. sp.). In

a paper by Muellner et al. (2006), this and other Meliaceae fossils, together with chloroplast DNA data, are the

basis for estimates of divergence times in the family. The rbcL DNA cladogram presented by these authors in-

cludes a monophyletic clade of Trichilia and 11 other genera, which is assigned an origin in the Oligocene.

Apart from Trichilia, members of this clade are presently limited to the Old World tropics, from Africa to

Madagascar, India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Austroasia. Muellner et al. (2006) propose a West Gondwanan

Cretaceous origin for the Meliaceae, with Sow across eset and em Eurasia and North America

provided by the Beringian and North Atl from North to South America via

island chains or direct land CONTAIN opio the Tertiary GEN Muellner et al 2010, with a dense sampling of

Cedreleae). The age of the D with the Oligocene crown age of the clade com-

prising Trichilia and relatives (Muellner et al. 2006). Concerning the crown group age of the modern genus

Trichilia, however, the chronograms of Muellner et al. (2006, 2007) suggest a Mi origin.

The placement of Trichilia in subfamily Melioideae (Harms 1940) has been confirmed by the DNA phylo-

genetic research (Muellner et al. 2003, 2007, 2008). However, the tribe Trichilieae, based on this genus, was

resolved as non-monophyletic in the latter study (Muellner et al. 2008). Although Harms (1940) had divided

Trichilia into 10 sections, only 5 of these comprise the genus in its modern circumscription, according to

Pennington et al. (1981), and these authors go further in reducing the recognized sections to only two: Sect.

Trichilia and Sect. A Pe oo TE T the new -€— belong to the emended Sect.

Moschoxylum, the defining trai p pletely united filaments.

1 f af adii D 1 0 ria)

468 as 5(2)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Terence Pennington for his useful comments regarding possible taxonomic affinities of T. antiqua.

Much help was Ps by Rai ee and an ag ies reviewer, especially in our interpretation

n Trichilia and allied genera.

of th

REFERENCES

CHAMBERS, K.L. AND G.O. POINAR, JR. 2010. The Dominican amber fossil Lasiambix (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae?) is a

Licania (Chrysobalanaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:217-218.

CHAMBERS, K.L., G.O. POINAR, JR., AND A.E. BROWN. 2011. A fossil flower of Persea (Lauraceae) in Tertiary Dominican amber.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5:457-462.

DRAPER, G., P. MANN, AND J.F. LEWIS. 1994. Hispaniola. In: S. Donovan and T.A. Jackson, eds. Caribbean en an intro-

duction. The University of the West Indies Publishers’ Association, Kingston, Jamaica. Pp. 129-15

HARMS, H. 1940. Meliaceae. In: H. Harms and J. Mattfeld, eds. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien si Verlag Wilhelm

mann, Leipzig, pp. 1-172.

beni M.A. AND R.D.E. MACPHEE. 1966. Age and paleogeographic origin of Dominican amber. Science

273:1850-1852.

e inde R. idm SN TT bag ss TUE TRMGION, AND M.W. CHASE. 2003. beige phylogenetics of

A sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 90:4

MUELLNER, A. N, v. SAVOLANEN, R. RUDS AND MM. GM 2906; The mahogany family cm Africa": divergent time

estimation, g p tid rbcL DNA sequences. exta ant,

of diversity. Molec. Phyiogen. Evol, -40:236-250.

MUELLNER, A.N., D.D. VASSILIADES, AND S.S. RENNER. 2007. Placing Biet ini herb lade of Sapindales, ina

temporal and geographic context. Pl. Syst. Evol. 266:233- 252.

scarier e ns An MB " W. CMS d men Jim esr 2008. An evaluation of tribes and generic relation-

DNA. Taxon 57:98-108.

mos, Sade lea PENNINGTON, AY KOECKE, AND S.S. RENNER. 2010. Biogeography of Cedrela (Meliaceae, Sapindales) in

erica r. J. Bot. 97:51

PENNINGTON, T.D., AND B.T. STYLES. 1975. Ag graph of the Meliaceae. Blumea 22:419-540.

PENNINGTON, T.D., B.T. STYLES, AND D.A.H. TAYLOR. 1981. Melacine. Fl. Neotropica 28:1—470.

POINAR, G.O., JR. AND R. POINAR. 1999. The amber forest. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

t GO; JR., Ki elena AND E — 2008a. ee dominicensis gen. and sp. nov., a eudicot flower in

inican sespipinioidte. J. Bot. Res. inst. Mos. 20052008

POINAR, G.O., JR., K.L Dn. AND A.E. BROWN. 2008b. Trochantt

rescence in Dominican amber. J. Bot. Inst. Texas 2:1167-1173.

SALARD-CHEBOLDAEFF, M. 1978. Sur la palynoflore Maestrichtienne et Tertiaire du basin sédimentaire littoral du

Cameroun. Pollen and Spores 20:215-260.

SCHLEE, D. 1999. Das Bernstein-Kabinett. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. C, 28.

NOTE ABOUT THE TAXONOMY OF

PHASEOLUS HYGROPHILUS DEBOUCK (LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE)

J. Salcedo-Castaño R. Araya-Villalobos N. Castaneda-Alvarez

Centro Internacional de Agricultura Universidad de Costa Rica Centro In gigas ki Agricultura

ropical stación Fabio Baudrit Moreno

AP 2 AA 6713, bese Pm”

Cali, COLOMBIA Alajuela, COSTA RICA Bioversity International

jesusmariasalcedo@gmail.com avillalo2005@hotmail.com Office for the A , C/O CIAT,

LOMB

n.p.castaneda@cgiar.org

O. Toro-Chica D.G. Debouck

Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical

Cali, COLOMBIA Cali, COLOMBIA

o.toro@cgiar.org d.debouck@cgiar.org

In relation to Article 8 of the I ional Code of Botanical N l (McNeill et al Mode "e states

WES al f 3G : : P ,Or ff th f

cific taxon made at one time ... "dl! a Phisadas bean ena described dele (Goleada: Castaño et ak

2011), it might be useful e indicate he following: Thet text on ana of page 54 of the aforementioned paper

(Salcedo-Castaño et al., ibidem) sh of text ins unchanged).

Phaseolus hyg philus Debouck, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-6). Trre: COSTA RICA. SAN Jost: San Isidro El 1, Santa Eduviges

Era 8.8 Highway, Long. 83°45'W, Lat. 9*30'N, alt. 1,520

masl, 11 Dec 2003, DG Debouck & RA ya Villalobos 3172 ( INB BRIT, CR, F, Fl, G, GH, K, MEXU, MICH, NY,

P, UC, USJ; in addition, small f seed ioned as G40815, can be obtained from tl ic R P f

CIAT).

b } 1 y 1 lid 11 1 A E a 1 1 1 z 1 Wa f

Costa Ricae ad 1,500 m supra mare rarus.

Two of the authors (DGD and RAV) had later the opportunity to revisit the type locality and to see the same

plant population again on 11 February 2004 and on 19 January 2006 at the same spot. Similarly, the second

population of P. bordi een ey & RAV 3173) ee eee on 11 December Wem was FADA seen on 19

January 2006. T fi that thi be identifiec lly over time,

and second that during that period these populations of P hygrophilus were stable in an intact original

environment.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Kanchi Gandhi (Harvard University) and James L. Reveal (Cornell University) for their

valuable comments.

REFERENCES

MCNEILL, J., ER. BARRIE, H.M. BURDET, V. DEMOULIN, D.L. HAWKSWORTH, K. MARHOLD, D.H. NICOLSON, J. PRADO, P.C. SILVA, J.E. SKOG,

AND J.H. WIERSEMA (EDS.). 2006. International code of botanical nomenclature. (Vienna Code). Consulted on line at

httn-//ikA+ rie M SM is oc h

751/111

LVII

SALCEDO-CASTAÑO, J., R. ARAYA-VILLALOBOS, N. CASTANEDA-ALVAREZ, O. TORO-CHICA, AND D.G. DEBOUCK. 2011. Phaseolus hy-

grophilus ui Pb PN paa a new wild bean species from the wet forests of Costa Rica, with notes

about sectio t. Res. Inst. Texas 5:53-6

J, Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 469. 2011

BOOK REVIEW

ERNEST SMALL. 2009. Top 100 Food Plants. ISBN-10: 0660198584, ISBN-13: 9780660198583, pbk.). NRC

Research Press, 1200 Montreal Road, M-58, Ottawa, Ontario, KLA OR6, CANADA. (Orders: phone 1-877-

672-2672, infoOnrc-cnrc.gc.ca). $34.95, 656 pp., 250 illustrations, 81" x 11".

This book reviews scientific and sige cet cece e the major food plants and their culinary

uses. It is illustrated with black and white photograr 250 illustrations from the masterpieces

i 11 y illustrations. Most of the book consists of

m chapters dealing w mne one id the lood crops, either a specific species or a group of species. Each chapter

RA PO

from th ld lill ti

mes,” a “Plant Portrait,” “Culinary Portrait,” “Curiosities

of Science and Technology,” and finally “Key ee Sources” which includes a subsection entitled

“Specialty Cookbooks.” There are more than 3,000 literature citations in the book. I particularly appreciate

having the citations included with the species oe is peine discussed rather than cob to wade through a

comprehensive ni less could be a tad confusing with as man: sources that | cited in this book.

Another ni f the “Specialty Cookbooks" subsection in iHe main Body of ye wm Not

everyone is a cook so it is easy to read right it but if y

used.

All categories of food m are — and information is provided on scientific and common names,

appearance, history, importance, and food uses, including practical i f ti

age and preparation. dis. syne is ence to pP a ee guide for specialists in pe dese M

thousands of literat ided. However, th

find this VUE appealing, because of the hundreds of attractive illustrations included, d the huge interest

today i gardening, cooking, and human health in relati diet. The author received the Land

Anderson Ao in 2009 for this title published in Canada.—Gary L. Jennings, Librarian, Botanical Research

Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

n on stor-

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 470. 2011

SALVIA CARRILLOI (LAMIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM GUATEMALA

Mario Esteban Véliz Pérez Taylor Sultan Quedensley

University of San Carlos of Guatemala The University of Texas at Austin

BIGU arium, School of Biology lant Resources Center

Guatemala City, GUATEMALA Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A.

marioeveliz@yahoo.com quedensley@mail.utexas.edu

ABSTRACT

Salvi illoi i herl ies described f. he Western highlands of G la. This taxon resembles Salvia tortuosa

le f 1; ff, 1 Malal ] h; n 1 J n 1 ag PORE

RESUMEN

cid Lo] ; Cale ee : * CN A ELA : : CAN

, y verticilastros con 9 a 16 flores.

F E 2 o

ula 11

bein ud lil of T un montane vegetation of Gona (veliz etal. ade A me study of sence in

1, 200

ers made in the Sierra oo In the Dona af Huehuetenango, on Cuilco ‘Mountain, locally

known as Pena Blanca, a new species of Salvia was discovered and is described below. Salvia is the most spe-

cies-rich genus in the Lamiaceae with over 900 species described (Hedge 1992; Walker & Elisen 2001), and

one of its centers of diversity includes the highlands of Guatemala and Mexico, with over 500 species so far

described from the New World (Epling 1939; Hedge 1960, 1992; Harley 2004).

Salvia carrilloi Véliz & Quedensley, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). UATEMALA. I io de la Lib

erra (Seppe Pena a cloud eet 3059 m, N15°30'29.5" W91°54'58.3", 3 Dec 2008, M.E. Véliz 20540 with L.E. Velasquez

M. &R T, CAS, F, MEXU, NY, TEX).

Calvins t. K. EA rs J A5 ff, $ dl y EA JA A Mi yA | Hh 3 1 i lohi is. labio supero 12-16

mm longo infero luteo 9-11 mm longo trilobato.

Herbs to 0.4—1.2 m tall, erect. Stems 3—4 mm wide, square, sulcate, green to pipi villous. Leaves opposite;

proles : um cm Jong. Mer blades 3-8 cm qe 5- ía cm dong e ovate to deltoid; margins coarsely serrate,

tet ly strigose, bullate; abaxial sur-

face glabrous with en punctate dots; veins vibus bulls conchae 15-21 cm long, lax, 9-16 flowered

verticillasters. Verticillasters separated 11-22 mm, forming interrupted racemes; subtended by deciduous

bracts, lanceolate, tri-nerved, apices acuminate, ca. 3 mm wide, 10-11 mm long. Calyces glandular-hispidu-

lous with glandul dots, lobe apices acuminate to cuspidate; upper lobe green, 3-veined, 9-10 mm

long; lower lobe po. yellow, bilobed, 12-14 mm long. Corollas hispidulous; tube white, 20-23 mm long, up-

per lobe magenta, hispidulous, 12-16 mm long; lower lobe magenta, glabrous, 9-11 mm long, trilobed.

Stamens 2, included, attached near base of corolla throat; filament 8-9 mm long; staminal papillae yellow, 3

mm long, attached on corolla throat and perpendicular to filament. Style exerted, pilose, ca. 36 mm long, bi-

furcate, upper branch 1/3 as long as lower branch. Nutlets 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, light brown, glabrous.

puse d pe ndn onde a T pie cotas EEN botanist and

: fr iend

of the first author.

Distribution and habitat.—Salvia carrilloi is known only from the type locality, Peña Blanca, between

3000 and 3200 m in cloud forest habitat (Fig. 2). Peña Blanca is located in the Sierra Chuchumatanes that ex-

tends from west to east in the northwestern part of Guatemala in the Departments of Huehuetenango and

Quiché. Woody species of the mentioned cloud forest include Abies guatemalensis, Acaena elongata, Ceanothus

cuui eM e NU He Tte

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 471 — 474, 2011

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5()

Fic. 1. Salvia carrilloi. A. Leaves. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower, side view. D. Pefia Blanca (Photos by M. Véliz).

Wh. 1n J I

y, Salvia carrilloi, ies from G l 473

MEXICO BELIZE

-— Sa

HONDURAS

EL SALVADOR

NICARAGUA A

0 400

kilometers

Fic 2 Kn ee £ Col, Horis f. la Daža DI Lt E PE > ta sha f f1U.k

Guatemala, near the Mexican border.

azureus, Chiranthodendron pentadactyla, Clethra denis int Aie mexicanum, Ocotea salvinii, and

Oreopanax echinops. Common herb ill lensi d , Potentilla

heterosepala, Roldana acutangula, R. hettrogena, Salvia bad S. excelsa, n S. gracilis. The oa

substrate in the area is characterized by limestones of the Cretaceous and Quaternary calcareous material

(IGN 1970). The soil is clay and mosses are abundant.

Phenology.—In flower from November to January.

Salvia carrilloi morphologically resembles S. tortuosa, but S. carrilloi is a smaller herb and has an erect

growth habit, the leaves ller, the lower lobe of the calyx is pale yellow, the corolla tube is white and the

upper and lower corollas lobes are magenta. With regard to its distribution, Salvia carrilloi and S. tortuosa are

considerably disjunct, with the latter distributed in Colombia and Ecuador. Salvia tortuosa has not yet been

reported from Central America. Morphology suggests that Salvia carrilloi must be classified in the section

Tubiflorae Benth., of the subgenus Calosphace (Benth.) Benth. According to Standley and Williams (1973), 45

a of Salvia are found in Guatemala, and 312 species are located in adjacent Mexico (Ramamoorthy &

Elliot 1993),

Additional specimens examined. GUATEMALA, Huehuetenango. Municipio de la Libertad: Peña Blanca, slopes of the sierra

Cuchumatanes, cloud forest, 3193 m, N15°30'21" W91°54'56", 14 Dec 2000, M. Véliz 10854 with N. Gallardo and M. Vásquez (BIGU); Peña

| LAC D a lD Bok Biki Piai

474 f Texas 5(2)

Blanca, slopes of the sierra Cuchumatanes, cloud forest, 2783 m, N15°30'57" W91°54'47.9", 3 Dec 2008, M. Véliz 20536 (AGUAT, BIGU); Peña

Blanca, slopes of the sierra Cuchumatanes, cloud forest, 2979 m, N15°30'33.0" W91°54'56.6", 3 Dec 2008, M. Véliz 20537 (BIGU, MEXU);

Peña Blanca, slopes of the sierra Cuchumatanes, cloud forest, 3016 m, N15°30'32.4" W91°54'58.7", 3 Dec 2008, M. Véliz 20539 (AGUAT,

BIGU, MEXU); Peña A slopes n: the sierra dcus cloud forest, 3037 m, N15°30'28.2" W91°54'38.3", 3 Dec 2008, M. Véliz

20542 (BIGU. ME} fia Bl I ichumatanes, cloud forest, 3025 m, N15°30'29.1" W91°54'38.1", 3 Dec 2008, M.

Véliz 20543 (BIGU, USCG).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Funding was made possible through the Dirección General de Investigación-DIGI/USAC proyecto 2.53/2007,

and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-CONCYT, FODECYT 35-99. We thank Negli Gallardo,

Vanessa Davila, Rodolfo Luarca, Mario Vásquez, Luis Velásquez, Rodrigo Véliz and Renato Morales (USAC) for

field assistance. We are grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis and to Petra Wester for assistance in

writing the manuscript. We thank Reyna Gutierrez (USAC) and Beryl B. Simpson (The University of Texas at

Austin) for reviewing the Hue icd to MAN and Adolfo Espejo Serna (Universidad Autónoma

Metropolitana, Iztapalapa) for hi itted manuscript

REFERENCES

EPLING, C. 1939. A isi f Sal | Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 110:1-383.

HARLEY, R.M. 2004. Salvia L. In: K. Kubizki, ed. The panies and genera of vascular plants VII. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Pp.

235-236.

HEDGE, I.C. 1960. Not Itivated peci f Salvia. J Royal Hort. Soc. 81:451-454.

HEDGE, I.C. 1992. A global of the bi of tl i In: Harley, R.M. and T. Reynolds, eds. Advances

in Labiat i Royal Bot Gardens, ion. Pp. 7-18.

INSTITUTO GEOGRÁFICO NACIONAL. 1970. Map República de Guat :500,000 color.

RAMAMOORTHY, T.P. AND M. ELLIOTT. 1993. Médica Lamiaceae diversity, Mere endemism, and evolution. In:

Ramamoorthy T.P., R. Bye, A. Lot, and J. Fa, eds. Biological diversity in Mexico: origins and distribution. Oxford

University Press, New York. Pp. 513-539.

STANDLEY, P.C. AND L.O.WILLIAMS. 1970. Flora of Guatemala. incio Hor TA 273- m

V ELIZ PÉREZ, M.E., A.R. BARRIOS SOLIS, AND V. DAVILA. 2006. A la flora de Guatemala, Capítulo l.

Pinophyta (Coniferas), patrocinado por DIGI-USAC, proyecto 057-2006.

VELIZ PÉREZ, M.E, N.R. GALLARDO PÉREZ, R. LUARCA SOBERANIS, AND M. VASQUEZ. 2004. La vegetación montana de Guatemala.

Revista Ci. Tecnol., USAC 6(1):3-61.

WALKER, J. B. AND W.J. ELISENS. 2001. A i f Salvi ion Het } (L ; ) inW North America. Sida

19:571-589.

SYNOPSIS OF MATELEA S.L. (APOCYNACEAE: ASCLEPIADOIDEAE)

IN TRINIDAD, TOBAGO, AND THE ABC ISLANDS

Alexander Krings

Herbarium, Department of pd Biology

North Carolina State University

Raleigh, North Carolina pr 12, U.S.A.

Alexander_Krings@ncsu.edu

ABSTRACT

Ti. bj s f+} *x I 3:4 y p z fol p i SiS 1 1 (Ap y A 1 I i B. 2 ^ f. Trinidad, Tobago, and

the ABC Islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and cao) to facili hei iti d ix sp gnized fi I

Th ra Kohe ] limi } ide of th Cieni in Trinidad and the ABC islands (M reflexa M. rubra, M.

squiresii). T h thel Antilles (M. denticulata, M. hirsuta). O I lly distributed to tl Antill h

to Panama on ái west (M. maritima).

RESUMEN

IS Tan : a JiS Oc WAP 1. (Apocvnaceae: Asclepiadoideae) d —— Tobago, y las

J J E y E r 2 =

Islas ABC (Aruba, Bonaire, y cao) para facili imiento y ion. S i Tres de um

l lími l lad del Caribe en Trinidad y las islas ABC (M. reflexa, M. rubra, M. lod D pecies al

Antill M. denticulata, M. hirsuta). U pli listribuida | las Antillas May l hasta Pa á

en el oeste (M. maritima).

About fifty species of subtribe Gonolobinae (A A leae) occur on the islands comprised

by the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Sal alas, Trinidad and Tobago, and Aruba and the Netherland Antilles.

Evidence from the chloroplast (Rapini et al. 2003; Liede-Schumann et al. 2005; Rapini et al. 2006; Krings et al.

es and pads genomes rings. et al. 2008) Spera the monpphyiy of the subtribe. However, pending

it atelea Aubl h-all for any species not im-

met referable to Fischeria DC. or r Gonolobus penam (see veh et al. 2009) Te synorganization of an-

l variation in this

group that it "e " times un difficult to discern cional much os kiida k dai synapomorphies, in

the absence of a resolved phylogeny. Understandably, Woodson’s (1941) mass synonymization was born of his

frustration with the large variation in corona morphology exhibited by the group. Matelea now comprises

230-300 species, of which about half have been described since Woodson (1941), and sixty-six percent of

these described in the past three decades. Krings (in press) provided a synopsis of Matelea s.l. in the West

Indies, including a key to the genera of Gonolobinae in the area. However, Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC

Islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and Cuma) were in from that treatment due os soe Arean affinity.

] E

he objective of thi 1 f the species of Matelea s

4 XA

recognition and conservation.

RESULTS

Six species of Matelea s.l. are recognized from Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC islands. Of these six, the follow-

ing three reach their northernmost limit—at least on the eastern and southern side of the Caribbean—in

Trinidad or the ABC islands: M. reflexa (Hemsl.) Morillo, M. rubra (H. Karst.) Spellman & Morillo, and M.

squiresii (Rusby) Morillo. On the western side of the Caribbean, M. reflexa is known from as far north as

Nicaragua (although it has apparently not been seen there in the past 150 years sec. Stevens 2001). Matelea

rubra and M. squiresii are northern South American taxa and do not reach Mesoamerica (Krings & Saville

2007; Morillo 2007; Stevens 2009). Of the remaining three species, two reach as far north as the southern

a AE

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 475 — 483. 2011

1 B tak. Das 1 1D hi itis. £ T, Ei

476

Lesser Antilles (Krings, in press): M. apri (Vahl) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz (to Grenada) and M. hirsuta

(Vahl) Woodson (to St. Vincent). Both M. denticulata and M. hirsuta are also known from Mesoamerica, as far

north as Honduras and Nicaragua, Soe (Stevens 2001, 2009). The remaining species, M. maritima

(Jacq.) Woodson, occurs throughout the West Indies, including the Greater Antilles, and reaches Panama in

Mesoamerica (Krings & Saville 2007; Stevens 2009).

Keys and descriptions of the species are provided below. Corona morphological terminology follows

Liede and Kunze (1993) and Kunze (1995), although it is recognized that additional work may be needed to

clarify issues of family-wide homology (see Endress and Bruyns 2000; Livshultz 2003). Shorthand abbrevia-

tions sii corona disi ie ipii Pe "e Kunze (1993) and Kunze (1995) are as follows: Ca - annular

Cd = dorsal anther appendage; Ci = interstaminal corona; C(is)

fused i taminal and staminal corona; tee staminal corona.

Species are arranged eel Herbarium abbreviations follow Index Herbariorum (Holmgren €

Holmgren 1998—present). Book al iations follow TL-2 (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-1988) and journal abbre-

viations B-P-H (Lawrence et al. 1968) and B-P-H/S (Bridson & Smith 1991). Author abbreviations follow

Brummitt and Powell (1992).

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MATELEA S.L. IN TRINIDAD, TOBAGO, AND THE ABC ISLANDS

h Corolla urceolate; inflorescence umbelliform M. hirsuta

2. Bases of leaf blades rounded or cuneate.

Stems hirsute ich m Id hea 1B hs

largest 2 1.4 mm long, glandular pi ich bsent; lla lobes 4.0-9.2 mm long, gynostegial corona

F3 728-320. Le Md da iE n . Leal d. H ET dis.

y (15) g gy g pt th yle head, tube > 1.4 m

tall M. reflexa

Ce, h rt L . I

3 | b trichomes white, id sno retrorse, to 9 3 mm pos

glandular capitate tricl preading, to 0.08 long

E wt 27 i

fused into a tube around the gynostegium M. squiresii

n € ^,^ lH. mi ER 1 1 "n 1

2 L4 TR

rr 2af L H 1 i E] 1 no t . itii

4. Gy 3 F h pr g 1.6 mm tall, apically capitate — — M. maritima

4 Gy gi I tab : 1 1 i at dh. ns 1. 1 0 1 mm

5 r. 1 i f ITH Part 1 1 A: e A : 1 1 t+, fs. uu Inh.

7 Y E

vo Eh iA 1 £. 1: L AMAN m L t

IS g gy g , Cs lobes not

E follicle winged, not tuberculate M. denticulata s.

ical annulus h 6 E 341 SEN s E PE

à; y d g h gy g , Cs lob

joco free; follicle tuberculate, 1 not winged M. rubra

1. Matelea denticulata (Vahl) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz, Bol. Mus. Bot. Munic. 46:4. 1981. (Fig. 1A). Cynanchum

denticulatum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2:23. 1798. TYPE: GUIANA [SURINAM]: von Rohr120 (HOLOTYPE: C [IDC microfiche photo: Vs Vahl

herbarium nr. 17: III, 1!]).

y Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 141. 1818, nom illegit., non Sims, 1817. Matelea viridiflora (G. Mey.) Woodson, Ann.

ns Bot Gard. 28: 325. 1941. TYPE: GUYANA: Rodschied 154 (HOLOTYPE: GOET!)

is Schltr. in Urb., Symb. Antill. 7(3):339. 1912. TYPE: GRENADA: St. Mark Parish, Wooded hillsides near Victoria,

elev. 100-300 ft, 24 Nov 1957, Proctor 17225 (NEOTYPE, designated by Krings 2008: IJ!).

Slender, woody vine. Stems peront pubarna ubiquitous or in two Ts eglandular trichomes retrorse

appressed, glandular capi g. Leaf blad te to elliptic, 5.0-10.0 x 1.6-6.9 cm, adaxial

surface glabrous, midvein glabrous or sparsely puberulent eae une trichomes antrorse, glandular

capitate trichomes spreading or absent, ab g very sparsely pubescent

eglandular trick glandular i trick li de t inate, base cordate,

margins entire, colleters 2-5, binceotoid: petiolis 1.7-4.8 cm dant sparsely to Seas pubescent, pubes

cence more or less restricted to y adaxial groove, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes

S In

preading peduncles 2 e 7 mm long, anion d pubescens topa ubiquitous,

eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capi 14.0-20.0 mm long,

t O A d

Krings, Synopsis of Matelea in Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC Islands 477

d Matelea s.l. in Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC islands. A, M. denticulata ( ium based on Dodson & Dodson 15450 NY).B, B, M promeiconele

(Y 1 Cmish O C hL 1029 , NY) Ç M maritima: i hahit (h d Fk H5104, S); ii, gy gi (b Tis 760,

i) p. M unm i on Clark & Troya 561, US). E, M. rubra (based on Hi d 20294, A, NY): i, gy gial style-head and

— n E M. squires (based on Fender 621, E): i, habit; i ii, pasga. C

SPP

sparsely to moderately pubescent, pul biqui in two lines, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glan-

dular capitate trichomes spreading UE p lobes lanceolate, 6.2-7.0 x 1.6-2.3 mm, adaxial surface glabrous,

abaxial surface glal gins entire, colleters 1 per sinus, lanceoloid. Corolla green

(fide collectoris), retina encia, at Pr bes 0. o 1.0 x de 8-1.0 mm, Joors Ste in bud,

broadly ovate, 13.0-16.0 x 8.5-9.6 mm, not ocellate basally g right margin,

eglandular trichomes spreading, NE capitate trichomes bid arn fue glabrous, +. obtuse,

orolla

Margins entire. Faucal annulus (corolline corona or Ca) a distinctly

lobe sinus, short-hispid. Gynostegial corona of fused staminal (Cs) and ica un (C), Cs an inverse

patelliform depression, not ligulate, Ci an inverse patelliform depression, not ligulate. Style-head 2.5-2.7 mm

diam, stipe 0.2-0.5 mm tall, terminal style-head appendage — Pollinaria: nó did ca. 2mm NH

hie pegon, dox am ibgoediy ovate, 0.6-0.7 x 0.3—0.4 mm. Follicl

Bar id-fusiform, 8.0-12.0 x 2.7-3.9 cm, glabrous, bases asymmetric, longitu-

dinal wings 5). Seeds not seen from the treated area (continental collections exhibit seeds obovate, 4.8-7.0 x

2.4-3.2 mm, both surfaces reticulate-verrucose, distal margin dentate).

n $ RN bh PEO PIN ci)

478 J l of tl f Texas 5(2)

Habitat and Distribution.—Distributed broadly from Central to South America, including Trinidad and

Tobago, as d: as to the Lesser Antilles (Grenada). Known in the treated area only from roadsides, seasonal

Et.

forests, low elevations.

Phenology.—Collected in flower in February, March, August, September, November, and December.

Additional specimens examined: GRENADA. St. George Parish: Richmond Hill, Aug 1908 (fl), Bey s.n. (A). St. Mark Parish: wooded

hillside near Victoria, 100-300 ft, [31-91 m], 24 Nov 1957 (fl), Proctor 17225 (A, BM). TOBAGO. Moriah, roadside, 27 Feb 1981 (fI), Adams

& Baksh 270 (TRIN); Flagstaff Hill, p sid un. eve . (TRIN [digital image]); Mora Valley, near Rio Claro, low alt., 1 Dec 1957 (fl),

Simmonds s.n. (TRIN); Little Tot g d) Ingraham’: s Walk, 125 m, 15 Aug 1979 (£D, S psp TRINIDAD.

Laventille, 2 Dec 1890 (fD, Alexander s.n. (TRIN [digital Roi conf. R.E. Woodson, Jr); Chatham Beach, 9 O (fD, Cheesman s.n.

(TRIN [digital image]); Western Rd, near St. Peter's Bay, 17 Mar 1938 (fD, TE SUN 113 (TRIN [digital eds oft R.E. Woodson, Jr;

Diego Martin, River Estate, 16 Sep 1947 (fl), Dale s.n. (TRIN vade image]).

2. Matelea hirsuta (Vahl) Neon in LE. E: Sort T ju Trinidad 2:170. 1947. (Fig. 1B). Cynanchum hirsutum

Vahl, neces Amer. 2:24. 17 Schl Urb., Symb. Antill. 1:265. 1899. Type: TRINIDAD: von Rohr 92

(HOLOTYPE: l Vahl herbari 17: 111, 3!; isotype: BM!)

VN vine. itus pubescent ecce ubiquitous, eglandular trichomes SpA gano capitate

Lea obovate, 7.3-10.5 x 4.8-6.1 cm, adaxial y to densely

pubescent, eglandular riches: antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes absent, midvein densely pubescent,

eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes absent, abaxial surface moderately to densely

pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes absent, midvein densely pubescent,

eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes absent, apex abruptly acuminate, base cordate,

margins entire, colleters 2-5, lanceoloid; petioles 11.0-23.0 mm long, pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous,

eglandular trichomes retrorse-spreading, glandular capitate trichomes absent. Inflorescence umbelliform,

peduncles to 10.5 mm long, pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular "Lo dw spreading, glandular

capitate trichomes absent; pedicels 1.3-4.2 mm long, pubescent, pul , eglandular trichomes

see or antrorse, gan capiat trichomes spreading. tanx lobes Date 9.0-11.5 x 5.8-6.0 mm,

ubescent, eglandular icl l lul capitate

trichomes dient apices acute, margins entire, colleters 1 per sinus, lanceoloid. Corolla brown evidently

reticulate or not, urceolate, tube 9.0-10.5 x 7. HS 0 mm, lobes imbricate in bud, ovate to suborbicular, 4.9-9.7

x 6.1-8.1 mm, not ocellate, adaxial surf. 1

y to Menus pubescent, eglandular trichomes spreading,

landul i I I baxial surf ly to densely pubescent, apex obtuse or rounded,

margins entire. Face annulus EES corona or e poss short hispid. Gynostegial corona of well-de-

Cs) segments, glabrous, adn tube ca. 1.82.0 mm above the style-head, ligu-

late, dntezstuminal corona (Ci) not well essit not ligulate. Style-head ca. 3.94.1 mm diam, stipe 1.0-1.2

mm tall, terminal style-head appendage absent. idc FADEN ca. 0.4 mm long, caudicles present,

pollinia ovate, ca. 0.95 mm x 0.54 mm. Follicles not (sec. Stevens 2001: follicles asy-

metrically fusiform, 9-12.5 x 3-4.5 cm, densely pubescent, trichomes glandular, longitudinal wings 5). Seeds

not seen from the treated area (sec. Stevens 2001: seeds obovate, 6.5-8.3 x 4.5—5.7 mm, surfaces reticulate-

mie Ta mro p Ix €— a

2001), thi ies is broadl

South America (including Trinidad) and the Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent).

Phenology.—Collected in flower in March. Collected in fruit in November.

y distributed from Mesoamerica t0

Additional specimens examined: St. Vincent: Mar 1890 (fl), Smith & Smith 1862 (NY). Trinidad: Southern Watershed Reserve, Siparia, 8

Sep 1940 (st), C Baker s.n. ee digs imager, coat " E, menes ,Jr.); Erin Savanna, 30 Nov 1980 (fr), Boos & Baksh 67 (TRIN

Rags ital i ]); Irois, s.d. (fr), B g RE. Woodson, Jr.); Quinam Rd, Southern Range, 25 Jun 1929 (3),

Williams s.n. , (TRIN [digital image]; dint R.E. Wouter: JE).

3. Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:222. 1941. (Fig. 1C). 4 itima Jacq:

Enum. Syst. Pl. 17. 1760. Gonolobus maritimus (Jacq.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1:24. 1810. IE (Jacq) Decne. i?

de Candolle, Prodr. 8:599. 1844.

Losses maritimum dee G. p eee Ill. Dict. os 2:226. V TYPE: Herr Du

Jacquin 2 Insulae Caribaea ype).

r TE: D E correctea

Krings, Synopsis of Matelea in Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC Islands 479

Gonolobus floccosus Bertol., Opusc. Sci. 4:225. 1823. Y UADELOUPE: A ( BOLO!)

Ibatía muricata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. 421. 1862. TYPE: ANTIGUA: Cedar Hall, 1849, Wullschlagel (LECTOTYPE, designated by Krings &

Saville 2007: M!).

Slender, woody vine. Stems pul b ubiquitous or in two lines, eglandular trichomes retrorse,

glandular capitate idehorans midig Leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate or orbicular, 1.2—10.5 x 0.7-9.8 cm,

adaxial Brujas ia pribescent egiandulur trichomes antrorse-spreading, glandular capitate trichomes

spreading, i f f , eglandular

tate trichomes ed abaxial surface tomentose, eglandular trichomes antrorse, cale. odd eh

chomes spreading, midvein densely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes

spreading, apex acute to acuminate, base cordate, margins entire, colleters 3-6, lanceoloid; petioles 8.1—72.3

mm long, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes spreading. Inflorescence

racemiform, peduncles ca. 1.12-1.9 mm long, densely pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular tri-

chomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes spreading; pedicels 0.6-4.1 mm long, densely pubescent, pu-

bescence ubiquitous, eglandular tricl glandular capitate trichomes spreading. Calyx lobes ob-

long-ovate to oblong ca. (1.12)2.1—4.9 x 0.8-1.9 mm, pesos surface glabrous, abaxial surface pubescent, eg-

landular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate wrichornes spreading, apices acute, nine entire, colleters

1(-2) per sinus, lanceoloid. Coroll reddish-green) (fi , not reticu-

late, subcampanulate at base, tube e ca. 0. 6-1 x 14-1. 8 mm, ls imbricate in bud, lance- dione 1.6-4.5 x

m, not ocellate, ad 1 y pubescent, eglandular ick , gradually reduced

in length from corolla lobe base to apex, paea capitate trichomes absent, abaxial aweh densely pubes-

cent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes very sparse, spreading if present, apex ob-

tuse or acute, margins entire. Faucal annulus (corolline corona or Ca) absent. Gynostegial corona of fused

staminal (Cs) and interstaminal (Ci) parts, tube ca. 0.7-0.8 mm tall, papillate-pubescent, Cs apex a triangular

lobe, papillate-pubescent up to and including the apex, Ci apically bi- or tri-lobed, lateral margins dissected

completely from the Ci apex to the apex of the C(is) tube, medial Ci lobe (if tri-lobed) smaller than the two

lateral Ci lobes or of equal dimensions, papillate-pubescent up to, but not including the apex, Ci ligulate ba-

sally within, two ridges ing from the ligule evident to about half way up the C(is) tube. Style-head ca.

1.9-2.2 mm diam, stipe 0.6-0.7 mm tall, terminal style-head appendage 0.9-1.6 mm tall, capitate, not dis-

tinctly bi-lobed. Pollinaria: corpuscula ca. 0.2 mm long, caudicles present, pollinia ovate, oblong, or rhombic,

ca. 0.6-0.7 mm x 0.28-0.31 mm. Follicles dark green (fide iude EUNT ovoid, 4.1-9.1 x 1.3-5.2 cm,

surfaces lanate, eglandular trick ding, glandular capit ly absent, tuberculate,

each tubercle ca. 2.8-5.6 mm long, apex broadly — or I Sees: ca. P 7-2.9 mm diam. Seeds

obovate, plano-convex, 3. tup 0 x 1.63.4 mm, both te, distal gin dentate

Habitat daa LT APP | 4 i f, A scrubby y EA, KEER f 1 1 "

the Greater and Lesser Antill ] South America and P. d (K i g & Saville 2007: Stevens 2009)

Phenology.—In its range, M itima has! llected in fl 1f round. In Trinidad, it has

been collected in flower in June and from nearby Patos Island in fruit in March (Britton et al. 529, GH).

Additional specimens — Taie japi aie 1929 (fl), eii ie die K, MO, S, US, Z); field, near landing, 26 Jun 1932

(fl), Broadway 7220 (A

^. Matelea reflexa (Hemsl.) Morillo, Ernstia 24:39. 1984. (Fig. 1D). Gonolobus inne Hemsl., pt Cent.-Amer., Bot.

2(11): 333. 1882. Type: NICARAGUA: Chontales, 1867-1868 (fl), Tate 241 (410) ( gl

Fimbristemma brasiliense Schltr., Notizbl. Kónigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6(55):178. 1 brasiliensis (Schltr.) Spell hytologia

25:438. 1973. TYPE: BRAZIL: Seringal S. Francisco, Alto Rio Acre, Jun 1911 ia Ule 9529 ( : B, n.v.; ISOTYPE: L [digital

image!]).

Slender, woody vine. Stems coarsely pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular trichomes antrorse or

sometimes spreading, glandular capitate trichomes absent. Leaf blades elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 4.5-8.0 x

1.65.8 cm, adaxial surface moderately to densely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capi-

tate trichomes absent, midvein densely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate tri-

480 n 1 n€ ob. D iaai i E | E P £T. E

chomes absent, abaxial surface moderately to densely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular

— a absent, midvein densely pubescent, Tr — antrorse, -— capitate tri-

t, apex obtuse, base rounded, truncate, bsent, colleters

2-4, lanceoloid; woe 5. Msn ae mm long, 1 pubescence BRI églinidulat exichomes antrorse or spread-

ing, gland , peduncles to 5.0 mm long, densely pubes-

cent, pubescence ubiquitous, ae trichomes antrorse, gléndulir capitate trichomes absent; pedicels

75-11.0 mm long, moderately to densely pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular trichomes antrorse,

glandular capitate trichomes antrorse or we uo as phos as de ent Eco: Calyx lobes

oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic, 1.3-2.0 x 0.6-0.8 m brou ly pubes-

cent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes absetit, apices meus margins entire, col-

leters 0—1 per sinus, tence. cm decet to wp am ( llectoris) late at base, tube

0.7-0.1.5 x 1.3-1.8 mm, lol t ,4.0-6.2 x 1.72. 2 mm TIPS. lower than

Sivens preis not ab a surface a pape er trichomes spendin glandi

ly pubescent, eglandular i g, some

Erre glandular aii R spreading, about as long as the eglandular bicis uod obtuse or

rounded, margins entire. F Ili Ca) absent. Gynostegial corona of fused staminal

(Cs) and interstaminal (Ci) parts forming an obcylindric tube with five pockets defined by vertical Cs walls

attaching tube to gynostegium, C(is) glabrous on both sides, Cs an elevated ridge, ca. 1.2 mm tall at junction

with gynostegium and 1.4 mm tall at its free apex, not ligulate, Ci apex free, base attached to gynostegium,

ligulate. Style-head ca. 1.1-1.6 mm diam, stipe 1.2-1.4 mm tall, terminal style-head appendage absent.

Pollinaria: corpuscula ca. 0.25 mm long, caudicles present, pollinia narrowly ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm x 0.2 mm.

Follicles unknown. Seeds unknown.

Distribution and habitat.—This species is distributed from Nicaragua to Brazil and Peru. It occurs from

terra firma to sub d cloud forests, from 50-1200 m elev.

Mirac —Collected in flower in January (Trinidad) and December.

i 1: BRAZIL: } Mal ]Ri 0-100 m elev., 31 Dec 1965 (fI), Silva

& Brazáo 6078 VEN). PANAMA. P. a: | fe and Encida, 2100-2700 ft elev. [640-823 m], 17 Jan 1968 (fl), Dwyer 8218

(VEN). TRINIDAD: A Rd., 11th mile, 2000 ft elev. [610 m], — 20 Jan 1952 D. Baker s.n. (TRIN [digital image!

conf. Sandwith). VENEZUELA. Sucre: Cagigal, Peni Paria, trail from El P. tain, S-facing slopes,

leading to El Brasil, ei, of cloud forest, 10°38-39'N, 62°43'W, 700-750 m e 20 Feb 1980 (fl), Steyermark, Liesner, and Carreño

Espinosa 121426 (VEN).

ASTE

Notes.—At a glance, the flowers of M. reflexa appear similar to those of members of the Fimbristemma Turcz

group of suites because of the conspicuous tube ding tl Ye uid However, the tube in M.

ial, not coralline, in origin. It is attach ted to the gynostegial stipe via five

Cs Tays and completely glabra Metübets of the tits oe in contrast exhibit a gynostegium sur

rounded by two tubes: the innermost is gynostegial in origin an letely glabrous, whereas the outermost

is coralline in origin (thus a modit aiit p the Ca) and ivpiciile Rice at least along the rim.

5. Matelea rubra (H. Karst.) Spellman & Morillo, Phytologia 34:152. 1976. (Fig. 1E). Omphalophthalma rubra H

Karst., Fl. Columb. 2:119-120, t. 163. 1866. ydp rubra iur Karst.) Aa & Stoffers, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C 3):

1981, nom. illeg. TYPE: COLOMBIA. ^

Karsten s.n. (HOLOTYPE: LE, Sennikov, pers. comm., n.vJ.

Slender, woody vine. Latex white. Stems pubescent, pubescence ubiquitious or in two lines, eglandular tri-

chomes retrorse, pandalar capitate trichomes spreading. Leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.1-8 x 1. 2-13

cm, adaxial surf , eglandular trick generally antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes spread:

ing, ein: more di pubescent than leaf surface, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate ui

chomes spreading, abaxial surface densely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, midvein less densely

pubescent than surface, eglandular trichomes mostly antrorse or spreading, sometimes retrorse, glandular

capitate trichomes spreading, apex acuminate or acute, base Kona, margins entire, colleters 2—5, lanceoloid:

petioles 9.9-58.1 mm long, densely t pubescent, I | ] i „egl andular trichomes antrorse, glandu-

Krings, Synopsis of Matelea in Trinidad, Tobago, and the ABC Islands 481

lar capitate trichomes spreading. Inflorescence racemiform, peduncles 1.53.1 mm long, densely pubescent

pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular trichomes antrorse-spreading, glandular capitate trichomes absent, pedi-

cels 1.0-4.7 mm long, denari: pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular trichomes antrorse-spreading,

glandular t or spreading. Calyx lobes oblong-ovate, ca. 2.6-4.1 x 1.0-1.5 mm, adaxial

suriace glabrous, abaxial surface sparsely but coarsely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular

t, apex acute, tire, colleters 1 per sinus, lanceoloid. Corolla maroon, green

with brown stripes, ppeeditshobellon or he (fide collectoris), subcampanulate at base, tube ca. 0.6-1.7 x

0.6-0.7 mm, lobes imbricate in bud, ovate-lanceolats, 5.5-6.5 x 1.7-2.3 mm, aclara) sirien glabrous with

sparse pubescence at apex, eglandular ding, glandular capit t, abaxial sur-

face glabrate or vay peer PET, cglandula icl t i panda capitate trich :

apex obtuse, (Ca) absent. G tegial n d staminal (Cs) and inter-

staminal parts (Ci), tube ca. 1.32 4 mm tali; cs Poi a shallow rounded lobe, ca. 0.2 mm tall, glabrous or pa-

pillate-pubescent near the apex, tł f the stipe to the b f the Cs within, Ci

bi-lobed, lobes extending 2-3.8 mm aed their medial sinus, glabrous, Ci ai ligulate within. Style-head ca.

2.0-2.6 mm diam, stipe 1.28-1.35 mm long, not toothed, terminal style-head appendage absent or reduced to

ca. 0.1 mm tall, central rim of style-head exhibiting five erect lobes, each ca. 0.24-0.26 mm tall. Pollinaria:

corpuscula ca. 0.3 mm long, caudicles present, pollinia broadly ovate, ca. 0.66 x 0.46 mm. Follicles green and

brown (fide collectoris), ovate, 6.3-6.9 x 1.9-3.9 cm, minutely pubescent, tuberculate, tubercles 4.9-8.9 mm

long, broadly capitate, apical swelling white, p en x ii 6mm i nm ipsi and ARCO as that of fol-

licle wi — Pron inc pioneer (or at l 1 ins), 4.1-4.3 x 2.1-2.5

re o o

mm, li ridge, both f. I l , distal argin dentate

1 1 : Tp

Distribution and habitat —Matelea rubra is known from ver limestone from

each of the ABC islands, as well as Colombia and Venezuela.

Phenology.— Collected in flower from September through February. Collected in fruit in March and

November.

Additi

1: ARUBA: S 1969 (fl), Arnoldo-Broeders 3816 (A); aie treatment gie area, 17-21 Jan 1986

(fl & fr), Hinai 20294 (A, NY); Hooiberg, N-hill, Scree hill, 16 Feb 1999 (D. w van SA et = 667 (A, BONAIRE: NW of Goto Meer, 6

jasi s em TARE 579 ign SURMAD: Esad 26 Dec 1952 (fl), Stof] A); Sint Joris, “Marie Pompoen,” 9 Mar 1917 (fr),

airport sits 1999 (fl), van Proosdij et al. 597 (A). VENEZUELA.

Falcon: Cardon, 2 km SE de Pra Fijo, 20 m elev., 27 Nov 1978 (fl & fr), Flora Falcón (HW, RW, TR) 37 (VEN). Zulia: Bolívar, carretera

Maracaibo Carora, entre km 5-7 al SE de Sabana de la Plata (km 42), 27 Oct 1977 dd, Bore 5770 PIVEN Bolívar, Parque Yaguasa, entre la

carretera intercomunal y el Lago de Maracaibo, 0-25 m elev., 24 Sep 1979 (fl), Bunting &

6. Matelea squiresii (Rusby) Morillo, Ernstia 24:39. 1984. (Fig. LF). Gonolobus squiresii Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 101.

1920. TYPE: VENEZUELA: Lower Orinoco, 1896 (fl), Rusby & Squires 294 (HOLOTYPE: NY!)

Matel 1 Fieldiana, Rn 28(3):510-511. 1953. TYPE: Im iin eye of Tumeremo, between S of town

and airport, i308 icis, 18 Dec 1944 (fD, Stey g F [digital image!], VEN!)

Slender, woody vine. S l labrescent, pubescence in two lines, eglandular trichomes retrorse,

glandular capitate trichomes spreading. teat blades elliptic, slightly oblanceolate, or oblong, 3.5-5.8 x 1.1-2.1

cm, adaxial surface glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate

trichomes absent, midvein glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular

capitate trichomes spreading, abaxial surface glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, eglandular trichomes an-

trorse, glandular capitate trichomes spreading, midvein glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, eglandular tri-

chomes antrorse, glandular capitate trichomes spreading, apex obtuse, to abruptly short acuminate, base

rounded, margins entire, inten: we on both sides, colleters 2-4, lanceoloid; petioles 5.8-11.7 mm

long, pub ted to adaxial ridge, eglandular trichomes antrorse or spreading, glandu-

lar capitate trichomes spreading. Inflorescence racemiform, peduncles to 1.8 mm long, glabrous; pedicels

19-29 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, pubescence ubiquitous, eglandular trichomes absent, glan-

dular capitate trichomes spreading. Calyx lobes oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic, 1.0-2.0 x 0.6-0.8 mm, adaxial

482 i Pere ee tur E PEE US £T. Elm

surface glabrous, abaxial surface coarsely pubescent, eglandular trichomes antrorse, glandular capitate tri-

chomes qc diee — margins entire, colleters 1 per sinus, lanceoloid. Corolla yellow green with

reen lines (fi late at base, tube 0.5—0.7 x 0.9-1.2 mm, lobes imbricate in bud, ovate

or deltate, 2.0-3.4 x 1.52. 3 mm, s niei ENI ch Longum or pubescent, eglandular trichomes

ee on pitat : ly pubescent, eglandular trichomes an-

trorse, g icl bsent bt rounded, margins entire. Faucal annulus (corolline

corona or Ca) beets Gynostegial corona ol faxed staminal (Cs) and interstaminal (Ci) parts, Cs an elevated

ridge, ca. 0.5 mm tall, ligulate, ligule ca. 0.1 x 0.2 mm, apex truncate, Ci appearing as a sinus between the Gs,

not ligulate. Style-head ca. 1.5-1.8 mm diam, stipe 0.5-0.6 mm tall, terminal style-head appendage absent.

Pollinaria: corpuscula ca. 0.1 mm long, caudicles present, pollinia narrowly ovoid, ca. 0.3 mm x 0.2 mm.

Follicles not seen. Seeds not seen.

Distribution and habitat.—Matelea m is ae from northern South America (Suriname to

Venezuela) to Trinidad. It occurs in a variety of hal tain forests

a — Collected in flower in May, June, and December.

Additional

NIDAD: Maracas-Tucuche, El Tucuche, 16 Jun 1975 (fl), Raynal s.n. (TRIN [digital image]; Mt.

Tucuche, summit, 5 Jun 1947 (fl), Baker s.n. (TRIN [digital image]; conf. R.E. Woodson, Jr.); Tucuche, near summit, 12 May 1949 (fl), Baker

s.n. (TRIN [digital image]; conf. R.E. Woodson, Jr.). Piarco-Arima, Mausica savannah, 4 Dec 1947 (fl), Baker s.n. (TRIN [digital Mess dupl.

conf, W.D, Stevens).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank the curators and staff of the following herbaria for searching, or providing access to or loans of their

collections: A, B, BAYLU, BG, BH, BKL, BM, BOLO, BR, BREM, BRIT, BSC, BUF, C, CAS, CGE, COLO, CR,

DUKE, E, F, FI, FLAS, FR, FTG, G, GA, GH, GOET, H, HAC, HAJB, HBG, HPSU, IA, IJ, ISC, JBSD, JE, K, KY, L

LD, LE, LINN (Li d Smithean), LL, M, MICH, MIN, MISS, MO, MSC, NA, NCU, NEU, NO, NSW, NY,

O, OK, OXF, P, PH, PUR, REG, RSA, S, TENN, TEX, TRIN, TUR, U, UBT, UC, UCWI, UNA, UPS, US, USCH,

USF, VEN, WILLI, WU, Z. I appreciate especially the friendly hospitality of the staff at VEN, where this manu-

script was finalized. I apologize to TRIN for inadvertently neglecting to list the institution in the acknowledg-

ments in a previous work on Gonolobus s.s. in Trinidad and Tobago, although their specimens have been very

useful and cited in my studies of bile ls po E Regional collections such as TRIN continue to be

of immense value to our d and our natural l heritage. Ithank David Goyder (K) and

Bruce Hansen (USF) for their "oubli reviews al a previous version of the manuscript. This research was

facilitated in part by grants from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and the Field Museum of Natural

History.

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1 fala D YT Y A Hi Mitt ET. ch)

BOOK REVIEW

RICHARD CONDIT, ROLANDO PEREZ, AND NEFERTARIS DAGUERRE. 2011. Trees of P. and Costa Rica. (ISBN-

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(pbk.), 552 pp., 438 color figures, 5 Ue illustrations 482 maps, 6" x 9".

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1: 1 t t

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TE 1 1 1

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forests, noting how, = "his a few remnant areas, dry t entirely wiped out, mak-

ing way for cities, towns, qua re A the abdo provide a basic overview of tree identification

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The heart of the field mde examines tree EOM x family. These pages cover 493 tree species and in-

clude 438 color pes Pn ar dete pipi flowers, fruit, bark, and when possible, magnification of

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The authors spent 15 Ip goeg lists = ee trees. haus Rica however, shares 72% of its

tree species with P g imilar lists for Costa Rica based on

ls from the Mi iB l al Garden, e Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and the

New York Botanical Gardens. This guide i years of research and hard work by many.

This book fills an abun pubs in. field guides, a as de address trees specific to > Cena Ame

When they do, the

y ME)

from North ne bas — or diy a are P in zii penis nature peses v books. While a few.

gaps remain, this b :Jahle f,

this ICIUM.

This is the field guide I wish Td had as a forester one and — in Costa Rica in the -— Its

only drawback is its large size. This book would have been a welcome addition to the field guide collection in

my backpack.—Gwen Michele Thomas, Texas Master Naturalist, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700

University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J, Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 484. 2011

THREE NEW ANDEAN SPECIES OF AULONEMIA

(POACEAE: BAMBUSOIDEAE: BAMBUSEAE) WITH SHEATH AURICLES

Emmet J. Judziewicz Eric J. Geisthardt

Robert w. fréckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

| History Stevens Point, Wisconsin 5

University of | praca tevens $ed Eric.J.Geisthardt@uwsp.edu

Stevens Point, Wiscons. S.A.

e os

Lane D. Gibbons Dain C. Ziegler

University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

Stevens Point, Wisconsin , U.S.A. Stevens Point, Wisconsin LUS.

Igibb561@uwsp.edu dzieg161@uwsp.edu

Michael J. Zueger Sol Sepsenwol

University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Department of Biology

Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481, U.S.A. University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

Michael.J.Zueger@uwsp.edu Stevens Point, Wisconsin 5: .S

solsepsenwol@uwspedu

ABSTRACT

Four described ies of the neotropical woody purer mus. pm Gode intct Saas pease de -

prominent ne fimbriate, nM! s m €: E

Anc "e new Bolivian sf g dimorphic culms: One typ getati d prod crowded

o P

Two other And i ye i S a se fait ad JA didi ic (D, 1 Rolivia) diff, f hei } h-auriculate

n aay) er ee I fanl; 1 (4702 ido 4 1 ikel Aul ia fi ii | foli leaf blad 13-18 cm lone and

18 cm lon: gand

4. 75 .7 cm iba sheath fimbriae ne mm bog and nain 23- da mm long and 4-5 mm seule with 7-13 PP 7—11-nerved fertile

florets, while didi d 6.7. unes fan PU 20-25 mm n long, ae narrower yv

lets 1.9-2.5 ide with 5-7 BEDAN 5—9-nerved fertile flot The epid g gy p

iech ls i ^ i A

RESUMEN

Cuatr : 3 : 3 x A 1 "Y n E 24 GEA Md Y 5 i44 2 Le bL DO-

seen aurículas p i il fimbriad l inas de las hojas. P ] p bi

auriculadas d ong O. d CUP Wy o tet ete 1 ig 1 T f Un tip

es Veaetati 1 1 a 4 1 ee y 1

- FX J' e F E o a

fértil y produce pocas hi jas peq I ] p d Aul fi i (Bolivia) y A didiensis (P.

livia). difie i : 1 n hac (4 7.0 1 1 } 1 ietadas Aulone: a fue e.

sii ti inas foli fimbrias 8-15 lel inas 13-18 cm de largo y 4.7—5.7 cm de ancho, sp a mm de mia

y 45 mm " mb con 7-13 flósculos fértiles blas con 7-11 nervios. Aul

20-2 go y inas 22-33 cm de largo y 6.7-9.3 cm de ancho, y espiguillas 20-35 de largo y 1.9-2.5 mm de ancho, con 5-7

flósculos slah ER qu :3 Sio EH Vor AUD We 1 1 : i el sica de barri

do. E

Key WORDS: Poaceae. Bambusoideae. Aulonemia. Bolivia. Peru. P: N ] Madid

INTRODUCTION

1 1:4: pet m t AS ds

Aulonemia Goudot (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: A t> named

cies (McClure 1973; Calderón & Soderstrom 1980; Clayton & Konn 1986; ¡PR et al. 1999, 2000)

The genus is characterized by culm nodes lacking promontories, each node with a single dominant branch;

Si ag ADU E

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 485 — 498. 2011

n a e Me i4 D. E. nee £T,

FE. 1 n n POS DM NC D è n n í 1 £ MOMS f, d

typically abundant

Parque Nacional Madidi on the northern slope of the Andes in western Bolivia (http://www. moll E.

MONO TRESAN nd = oine new species of — including three with sheath auricles

described herein; ft jacent Peru. N 1 for in recent treat-

livian and P ing bamboos (Tovar 1993; Renvoize 1998: 38—41; Judziewicze

ps 2010; Jo & ene 201. The following id cen ed four previously described e" |

naner

ZAMIUTICIHTIUO

1. Spikelets with fertile lemmas awned. E

2. Foliage leaf blades narrowly ovate to ovate, (1.9-)3.5-10 cm wide; Ecuador and Peru A. longiaristata L.G. Clark € Londoño

2. Foliage leaf — linear-lanceolate, 0.7-1.7 cm wide; Venezuela A. purpurata (McClure) McClure

1. Spikelets awnles

3. Fol n nd Edo 7. TUER 3.5c

pigeons erect; leaf blades ER x (1.5-)2-4 cm; spikelets 12-30 mm long, the florets ca. 6 mm long; Bolivia

iviana Rew. —

4. da EURA spreading; leaf blades 7-14 x 1.3-2.2(-3) cm; spikelets 20-37 mm long, the florets 6

pad par & CD. Tyrrell -

3: folge eft blades 13-33 x 3. sie m

g > 1 st £l 1 shi 1 49 47. 5x 4 4.7 73 = 1

gins apically and basally, the fl ing cul ith di leaf blad 6-7 x 1-1.8 am fertile florets 6-7 3E 9) ;

mm long, deep violet-purple; Bolivia insignis Judz. & Gibbons -

5. Cul phic, vegetati j flowering culms similar; foliage leaf blad ITA Gal

A pl gi a. > Ha £1 7 J8 10 mm long, g Z4. ££, "t sal I pl Delis A

Peru.

6. Foliage leaf blades 13-18 x 4.7-5.7 cm; fimbriae 8-15 long; spikelets 23-40 x 4-5 mm; fertile fl 13,

puberulen nt, 7- e -nerved; Bolivia A. fuentesii a

22-33 x 6.7-9.3 fimbriae 20-25 long; spikelets 20-35 x 1.9-2.5 mm, fertile flor

5-7, glabrous, 5-9-nerved; Bolivia and Peru A. madidiensis Judz., D.C. É-——

Plants parts were measured using a mm ruler. A Hitachi S3400 scanning electron microscope in variable-

pressure mode was used to examine the foliage leaf blade epidermises of all three species. Material was cul

from Mohr c pun farther ying or coating. For —— insignis and - pero just one

leaf for A. madidiensis, t ne from Peru

and one from Bolivia. Sections were cut bon the marginal stripe of the blade, and as well as Hah the “nor -—

striped" center of the blade.

Saavedra, Á

Aulonemia i insignis Judz. & Gibbons, e nov. v. (Figs. 1, 2a, 3, 4a—d). Tyre: BOLIVIA: DEPT. LA PAZ: ai. Bautista |

Sorapala

sector Tajamarca, más allá de Chaka, l

polo, 14°52'12"S, 6824628" W, 2906 m. b jue b ial de filos, plantas pee i

D en silicagel, bambu cerca a 1.7 m, botones; for coplas podi, 12 Apr 2009, A.F. rabies &M. Villalobos 14008 (HOLO-

MO; ISOTYPES: LPB not seen, UWSP).

Culmi usque ad 1.7 m longia, 13.5 mm diametro. Culmi dimorphi, solidi. Culmi sterili: Vaginae foliorum auriculatae 2-5 mm, fimbriae

20-35(-40) mm longae; laminae 13-17.5 x 4-4.7 cm. Culmi fertili: Vaginae foliorum auriculatae ca. | mm longae, fimbriae 2-3 mm longi

laminae 6-7 x 1.5-1.8 cm. Synflorescentia paniculata 20-25 x 20-25 cm. Spiculae 30-45 x 2-2.5 mm, glabrae, 5-7 flosculos continentes

gluma 1 0.3-1.3 mm longa, gluma Il 3-4.7 mm longa; lemmata fertilia 6—7.3(-9) mm longae, lanceolatae, acutae, violacea-purpurea.

Bamboo to 1.7 m tall, 13.5 mm in diameter, apparently cespitose, apically arching to pendulous. Culms di-

morphic, apparently solid; — one iL node Diles (or late flowering) culms with foliage leaves E |

9 per complement, the rather 1 ly suffused with pur rple,

distally sparingly to abundantly hispid with glassy hairs 3-5 mm long; sheath sires present, lunate, 255

mm long, purple, densely beset with fimbriae, ie bro mm long, Pads: Men. cui erect t0

ascending; external ligule 0.2-0.3 mm long, ext partiall h; inner ligules not evident,

pseudopetioles 4-6 mm long, puberulent, purple, rin; piba: Wane cer blades 13-17.5 cm long

4—4.7 cm wide, broadly lanceolate, strongly reflexed, glabrous, acute and with narrow (1-2 mm wide)

purple margins apically occasionally extending to one-half of the blade length, distally cuneate and asyur

metrical with duk pope ore (1 mm wide), the Weis pu manns green,a A marginal strip presen!

abaxially. Fl with typical foli g : with a distinct girdle A

Judziewicz et a

| Th And : £ ee |

487

Fic. 1. Aulonemia insignis (Fuentes & Villalobos 14008, MO, UWSP). A. PI Bolivian type locality (2906

graph). B. Det "S.J ig c . Er a " : E . n Ja (AM,

tative leaf

auricles,

Comnlamant ch

1), 12 April 2009 (Alfredo Fuentes photo-

1 r. L ay €

g hisp |

: : p A n

ded. large leaf blades. D. Detail of |

id >

margins of leaf blade bases.

fimbriae, and purple

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Fic. 2. A. Bolivian upper montane forest habitat (2906 m) of Aulonemia insignis, 12 April 2009 (Alfredo Fuentes photograph). B. Bolivian basimontané

forest habitat (1700 m) of Aulonemia fuentesii, 29 June 2005 (Alfredo Fuentes photograph).

Judziewicz et al., TI And ies of Aul i 489

1 EA | 7% X 1 i 1 1 ] CY 1 : E g a DA 2 | 1 1 ly, these 2 535

cm long, striate, hispid with dues hairs "- mm lg. the summit to concave, 1-2 mm wide; leaves

in upper p of culm with sheath , lunate, ca. 1 mm long, purple, with abundant delicate

satan path "mg eus mm idt: external ligule 0.2-0.3 mm long, extending only partially

ioles 1.5-2 mm long, puberulent, purple, strongly reflexed;

blades 2-3, daint somal reflexed, 67 cm lone. 1.5-1.8 cm wide, color and shape similar to those of the

vegetative culm; peduncle 7-10 cm long, glabrous. Synflorescence an open orbicular panicle 20—25 cm tall,

20-25 cm wide, the primary branches diverging from the rachis by 30—45°, the spikelet pedicels capillary,

glabrous. Spikelets 30-45 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, slender, awnless, finely puberulent, 5—7-flowered, the

florets loosely overlapping; glumes tan-brown, the lower glume 0.3-1.3 mm long, cufflike to linear and re-

curved, 1-nerved, the upper glume 3-4.7 mm long, VEA MADE acute, bonds 3 ere sterile floret

sE 1

often present, tan-brown, the lemma 5-6 mm long,

fertile florets deep violet-purple, slightly stipitate, the stipes 0.3-0. 51 mm bus Jena 6-7. 3-9) mm long, nar-

rowly ovate, acute, finely 7-9-nerved; paleas 6—7.5 mm long, often slightly longer than the lemmas, bicarinate.

Flowers with lodicules 3, 1.3-1.7 mm long, sometimes Par pun the gaping floret at anthesis, Meline.

rhombic, with a distinct midnerve and 3-4 fi t, acute

with 7-10 erect, clear, readily deciduous cilia 23.5 mm long; SERA X the: anthers 2. 73. 5 mm big. parse:

pistil with stigmas 2, hispid. Fruit not seen.

Leaf micromorphology (Fuentes & Villalobos 14008, UWSP). Terminology follows Ellis (1979).

Adaxial (upper) — (Fig. 4a):

Costal zones. d and raised al i l , spaced 140—200 pm apart.

Papillae.—C t ttered; globose, i lly uniform in size, ca. 4 um in diameter.

Stomates.—Not present.

Interstomatal cells.—Not present.

Long cells.—70—90 pm long, ca. 5 um wide; outline markedly sinuous, interlocking, apparently flat; papillae

arranged in single rows with 2—5 per row.

Bulliform cells —One row evident in i l ; elongate (length ind inate)

Prickles.—None seen.

Short cells —One seen; cross-shaped; ca. 15 pm long, ca. 12 pm wide; raised.

Microhairs.—Few; 2-celled, appearing equal in length; basal cell deflated, oblong, ca. 28 um long, 13-16

um wide; apical cell deflated, ca. 32 pm long.

Macrohairs.—None seen.

Abaxial (lower) surface (Fig. 4b—d):

Costal zones.—Spaced don m apart.

Papillae.—Abundant; gl ightly compound; large, generally uniform in size, ca. 6 um in diameter.

Stomates. XI Ec low i shaped; stomates alternating; stomatal rows 3, adjacent to

costal zones.

Interstomatal cells.—60—70 pm long, ca. 10 pm wide; outline indeterminate; papillae present, abundant,

arrangement variable, apparently 1—2-rowed, 5-8 per row.

Long cells.— Dimensions difficult to discern due to dense papillae, ca. 65 pm long, ca. 20 pm wide; papillae

arranged in single rows, 5-10 per row.

Prickles —Abundant, ca. 5/10,000 pm}; mostly in i l I ti l 65-85 pm long,

20-40 um wide; base deflated.

Short Cells. Apparently rectangular in shape; di ions difficult to discern due to dense papillae, ca. 16

pm long, ca. 7 um wide; apparently d d into the costal zone

Microhairs.—Few; bicellular; basal ll ‘lipids 38 um long, ca. 13 pm wide; apical cell deflated, 18-28

um long.

Macrohairs.—None seen.

490 1 Libia Das ta lD ee £T. 50) ;

Fig. 3 Aulo;

0, UWSP). A. Fl ll foli. leaf blad B. Spikelet. C. Lower glume:

D. Upper glume. E. Lowest sterile lemma. F. Fertile lemma. G. Fertile palea. H. Lodicule. I. Stamen. J. Pistil. Illustration by Eva C. Hathaway.

Judziewicz et al., TI And ies of Aul i 491

Aulonemia i eas is manca in i dm lored foliage | ith both the b d f the blade I

ee Ue ie

g. 1c-d), hence the specific epithet “insignis,” alluding to its resem-

ees toa tilius i us .

Dimorphic culms, otherwise rarely developed in Aulonemia, are present in A. insignis. “Type 1” (Fig. 3)

culms are elongate, ane, pendulous, dle ine numerous bladeless sheaths on the middle and lower in-

ternodes, and a few distant leaves with internodes. oe r ee to culms are rela-

tively short but have numerous large, crowded leaf blades. Based on th careful exami

nation of Fig. la, it e n pe E may repao an n early-flowering culm, While pe 2 may be on

coming into flower. T )McC

A A i 1

dimorphic culms, with tiny (a ews cm tall) reduced | produced Pers the base of “a

mal” leafy, flowering culms (Tarciso Filgueiras & Pedro Viana, PE comm.).

Aulonemia boliviana Renv. may be closely related to A. insignis. The fi

phic culms, narrower leaf blades (1.5-)2-4 cm wide that lack marginal pumice: stripes, and shorter spikelets

only 12-30 mm long. Aulonemia viscosa (Hitchc.) McCfare ro iy Rica EOM dé Pohl & Davidse 1994)

has distinctly purple-suffused blade bases, but is oth lly from A. insignis.

Alfredo Fuentes (pers. comm.) notes the habitat of the new species as ices areas of a very wet upper

montane ht (or piod montane Pond ides. in [arean frequently exposed to winds and clouds” (Fig. and

As Tf.

Cunoniaceae), B

Ternstroemia sp. (Pentaphyllacaceae), C usia sp. ro and Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae). A species of

the bamboo genus Chusquea Kunth is also visible in g 1 of one of his photos of Aulonemia insignis

(Fig. 1a).

Aulonemia fuentesii Judz. & Geisthardt, sp. nov. (Figs. 2b, 4e—f, 5). Tyre: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Franz Tamayo, ee

rag MN entre aoe y Río desis Lomas, odii, 68*54'00"W, 1700 m, bosque con Juglans boliviana, sabanas y m

] hasta 2.5 m, dan: maduros y viejos, abundante en id

quemados, 29 Jun 2005, A. Fuentes, E. Tiaa &R. Ci 9112 LPB not seen, UWSP

—

Culmi usque ad 2.5 m longia, 0.7 cm diametro. Vaginae foliorum auriculatae, fimbriae 8-15 mm longae; laminae foliorum 13-18 cm longae,

4.7-5.7 cm late. ITE paniculata 45 cm longae, 30 cm latae. Spiculae 23-40 mm longae, 4—5 mm latae, puberulentes, 7-13 floscu-

los conti

m longa, glume 11 3.5-5 mm longa; lemmata fertilia 8-10 mm longa, lanceolatae, acutae.

Cespitose ow Athos: culms up to 2.5 m tall, at least 0.7 cm in diameter in available material, the culms

weak and hol iate, stramineous, obscurely ios glabrous or with a few appressed

l mm l mg cilia below. ith i , stramineous, l reacia glabrous or with a

MA Y V. Z g

] 1

ms y appressed ge mm de. cilia below, pe Fus efimbriate, the apex

8-15 mm long, delan, curling, coa, more-

ads radiate, the outer ligule 1 mm long, on the side € the ao pe into an ovate, loosely

confluent group of fimbriae ca. 5 mm long; inner ligul 2-3 mm long; blades 13-18

cm long, 4.7-5.7 cm wide, ovate, somewhat noeud. ee to al truncate at the slightly asymmetrical

base, acuminate at the apex, glabrous, tl til ly scabrous. Peduncle ca. 20 cm long,

stout, glabrous, striate, = yep Synflorescence an od nike up ið at "on 45 cm tall and 30 cm wide,

the primary branches g ta45°angle, t y and tertiary branches lax, the

TER Pees up to se cm ong, th and capillary. Spikelets 23-40 mm a 4-5 mm wide, stramineous,

lab the lees glume 2-3.5 mm long, lanceolate, 1-3-nerved; upper

helos 3.55 mm long, art imie, 3—5-nerved; lowermost floret sterile, lacking a palea, the lemma

6-7 mm long, 5-9- nerved; fertile florets 7-13, the lemmas 8—9 mm long, broadly lanceolate, acute, glabrous in

the oe half, Hüely ame E in the e io "ooj 7-11- ibis. = midnerve and main lat-

paleas 8-9.5 mm

si usually slightly piernik from the lemmas, bicarinate, the bieli clic: Flowers with lodicules 3,

1.3-1.5 mm long, rhomboid, acute, 2-nerved, transparent, fringed with erect, clear, readily deciduous cilia

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

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SL AP ^

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4. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs). A. Adaxial (upper) leaf blade epu of Aulonemia insignis (Fuentes & Villalobos 14008, y UWSP) B-D.

ibs (lower) leaf blade epidermis of Aulonemia insignis (Fuentes & Villalobos 14008, UWSP); B from central part of blade, showing absence of prickles

C-D from marginal stripe, showing abundant deflated prickles. E. Abaxial (lower) ge blade epidermis of Aulonemia fuentesii (Fuentes etal, 9112, UWS p.

F. Lodicule of Aulonemia fuentesii, showing abundant, elongate, readily deciduous cilia (Fuentes et al. 9112, UWSP

ix aibi dur ensis 3-488

1.5-2.5 mm long (Fig, 4f); stamens not seen; pistil not seen. Fruit immature, a brown linear caryopsis 3 41

long with a long linear hilum.

2 > Ca ; > E Tr UE g ure

Leaf micromorphology (Fuentes et al. 9112, UWSP); the material available was in weathered, overmat

ondition and many character states were not easily determinable. Terminology follows Ellis (1979).

Adaxial (lower) surface: Surface glabrous, sparsely papillate, with scattered conical prickles 30-38 pm ull.

Judziewicz et al., Tt

493

XN.

A”

EE o E

Re da pape sae SES oe UWSP). A Flowerina culm. B Spikelet. A gl n Upp glum Es eae a | F Lowest

Sterile palea. G. Fertile lemma. H. Fertile palea. I. Fertile floret. J. Lodicule. K. Pistil. L. Caryopsis, dorsal view. M. Caryopsis, ventral view. Illustration

by Eva C. Hathaway and Eric J. Geisthardt.

1 1 Zel n H 1n Li rt rey £T. ri^ o

494 |

Abaxial (lower) surface (Fig. 4e): }

Costal zones TR at uns ipid

Sionas —Dpitficult to discern, aba py throughout intercostal zone; apparently deeply sunken and

over-arched by papillae.

Interstomatal cells.—Not readily discernable, obscured by overarching papillae.

Long cells.—Difficult to discern, apparently throughout intercostal zone; apparently deeply sunkenand -

over-arched by papillae.

Prickles.—None seen. |

Short cells —Common, 20-24 um in diameter, slightly raised, sparse in intercostal zones, 2-3 rows Q5-30/ 4

mm) in costal zones.

Microhairs.— Occasional, not well-preserved; bicellular; basal cell 30-33 um long, ca. 7 um wide, not de -

flating; apical cell 35-40 pm long, ca. 5 pm wide, deflated.

Macrohairs.—Occasional, 45-55 pm long, slender.

Aul ia fi iiic hl ly f thet 1 di din hannar of Alfredo F Baise Claros 1

J 4 AE Lu E

(b. 1971), 1 tigador Asociad he Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, ecologist, bryologist ist, a

. as e] €

prolific collector of the fl f I buscar Madidi. The new sp A lid ys:

the ch i it i tively l l i itl bust. floriferous —

4 > 4? z TE rx d A e b

spikelets.

Fuentes (pers. comm.) describes ie habitat of Aulonemia fuentesii as basimontane seasonal forest (Fig |

2b) and savanna, interspersed , frequently burnt chaparrals in which his eponym is locally |

dominant. He also noted the llavi: aok at the type locality: Juglans boliviana (C. DC.) Dode 1

(Juglandaceae; dominant in primary forests), Ceroxylon weberbaueri Burret (Arecaeae), Barnadesia woodii

DJ.N. Hind (Asteraceae), Miconia tiliifolia Naudin (Melastomataceae), Justicia kuntzei Lindau (Acanthaceae),

Mucuna rostrata Benth. (Fabaceae), and Spirotheca rosea (Seem.) P.E. Gibbs & W.S. Alverson (Malvaceae). i

Aulonemia madidiensis Judz., D.C. Ziegler, " Eeer, spi nov. (Figs. 6—7). Tyre: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Franz Tamayo, —

Apolo, b Yarimita, 14°32'48"S, 68°41'37"W, 930-940 mm.

les caf das, 8 Mar 2005, Araujo-Murakami, Jorg & Cuevas 1741 (HOLOTYPE: MO; ISOTYPES: LPB not seen, - l

UWSP).

Culmi usque ad 2 m 1008), 0.5-1 cm is Vaginae — ee: fimbriae 20-25 mm ns laminae foliorum 22-33 cm lon-

gae, 6.7-9.3 cm late. S gae, 40 cm latae. Spicula Hos mm me tonne 1.9-2.5 mm latae, - i

glabrae, 5-7 flosculos loris onac, glumal 1-305) mm longa, glume 11 (2-)3-5(-6) mm | 7-)8.5-10 mm longh -

5% 5 JIM

lanceolatae, acutae.

Habit lentas a reportedly 2 m tall, in available material 5-10 mm in diameter, Wenk, thin AN hol- |

t 7096 of

low, ] een-maculate, smooth, striate, glabrous, the |

diameter of the culm; e ovio Culm leaves not | ilabl ial ee get glabrous, the

sheaths striate, stramineous, faintly green-maculate, slightly glaucous, lacking marginal fimbriae, witha pair

of prominent dd pores lunate auricles (one auricle conspicuously larger than the opposite |

auricle) 7-12 m g diate, curling, delicate, golden-brown fimbriae 20-25 mm long

outer ligules ca. 1 mm imd bid with delicate fimbriae up to 3 mm long; inner ligules not evident; pse: |

dopetioles 3-4 mm long, thickened; blades 22-33 cm long, 6.7-9.3 cm wide, broadly lanceolate, somewhat |

coriaceous, ascending on available material, obtuse to cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, glabrous, the mar

gins MD: smooth Es xot pr jag and scaberulous above. Peduncle up to at least 15

cm long, stout and g p toat least 55 cm tall and 40 cm wide, the rachis

and primary ornes angled, deeem stramineous BOE fent green a sparingly glaucous, the

primary b

to 4 cm ming capia. ae

ly scabrous. Spik let (20— p

pikelets 325-35 mm lus i .9-2.5 mm wide lender glabrous, tl e actin

and awnless, slightly bicolored (stramineous suffused with purplish near their apices); lower glume "T

Judziewicz et al., Three new Andean species of Aulonemia

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1 ^ V

Use 20% P E Y AAA S - bey - d b " mot

20275 8.00kV 15.84 x1:00k ESEBNGOPa 11/16/2040 * SOAU QWSP-202 45 Amm page FSEEFeÜPa. 11/16/: O-o

Fic. 6. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of abaxial (lower) leaf blade epidermis of Aulonemia madidien

al. 1741 (UWSP), from Bolivia; C-F based upon Vargas 17282 (US), from Peru. Aspects highlighted: B and F, bicellular microhairs; D, cilia; E, stomates

sis. A-B based upon Araujo-Murakami et

over-arched on four corners by papillae.

mm long, 1-3(—5)-nerved: upper glume (22)3-5(-6) mm long, 3-7-nerved; sterile florets 3(4); lowest sterile

floret lacking a palea, the lemma 3-8 mm long, 5-7-nerved; fertile florets 5-7, the lemmas (7-)8.5-10 mm long,

2-9-nerved; fertile paleas 2.3-4.5 mm long, bicarinate, uppermost floret reduced and sterile. Flowers with

lodicules 3, 0.5-2 mm long, rhombic, 2-3-nerved to the apex, tipped with abundant erect, clear, readily de-

ciduous cilia 1.1-1.9 mm long; stamens 3, the anthers 0.5-2 mm long; pistil with 2 hispid stigmas. Fruit not

FIG. 7. Aulonemia madidiensis al 5895, Bolivia, UWSP)

- A. Flowering culm. B. Spikelet. C. Lower glume. D. Upper glume. E. Lowest ste

lemma. F. Second lowest sterile lemma. G. H. Fertile palea. |. Sta d pistil. H. Lodicule. Illustration by Eva C. Hathawa

Judziewicz et al., TI

Leaf micromorphology. nip follows Ellis (1979).

Abaxial (1 ) surf. f Boli ig. 6a-b; Araujo-Murakami et al. 1741, UWSP):

Costal zones.—Spaced 140-190 pm belt

Papillae.—In general very abundant, glob

hI +

val iable; waa y (Va

Stomates.— Common; shape RAUM to dome-shaped, partly olioa by overarching papillae; each

stomate overarcied — p papillae, each papillae 4-7 pe long; stomatal rows 4—6,

distinct, flan! d slightl i

O r o

Interstomatal cells. —33.37 um long, narrow, width variable; ends ind inable due t hi il

or r

lae; papillae absent.

Long cells.—Rectangular, 94—110 pm long, 14-21 qm wide, outline of cells sinuous; papillae common, in

one or two rows, 5-6 per row/cell, 4—7 pm long, globose.

Prickles.—None seen.

Short cells —Abundant, 26-28 pm tall, 16-22 qm wide, abundant, slightly raised, in ca. 5 rows (60—70/

mm) in intercostal zones, ca. 3 rows (30—45/mm) in costal zones.

Microhairs.— Common; bicellular; basal cell 28-47 pm long, 7-9 pm wide; apical cell ca. 44 pm long.

Macrohairs.—Few; distinctly conical, 118—142 pm long.

ian speci (Fig. 6c-f; Vargas 17282, US):

T f + LK : 4.1 (1 A zeli f D,

Costal zones. cs —Spaced: ca. . 280 m apei,

Papillae. —C to slightl y oblique

Stomates.— Common; shape ipe: to dera: partly obscured by overarching papillae; cross-

shaped stomates; each stomate overarched by 4 irregularly compound papillae, each papillae 3-6 pm

long with 10-13 papillae surrounding each stomate; stomatal rows 4-6, distinct, flanking each costal

O E O

Interstomatal cells —19—24 um long, narrow, width approxi ly 9 pm; ends ind inable due to over

arching papillae; papillae sparse, 3-5 per cell.

Long cells. —Rectangular, 47-85 pm long, up to ca. 14 um wide, outline of cells sinuous; papillae sparse,

3-12 per cell, 3-5 pm long, apparently minutely concave at summit.

Prickles —None seen.

Short cells —Abundant, 14-24 pm tall, nearly round, in costal zones, not evident in i l

Microhairs.— Common; bicellular; basal cell ca. 41 pm long, ca. 9 pm wide; apical cell 53-59 pm long and

6-8 um wide.

Macrohairs.— Common; 118—142 pm long, 9-14 pm wide.

Additi.

d: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Franz Tamayo, P. i ] Madidi, sobre 1 d IR

hacia Mojos, a dos h la orill ierda del Río Tuichi, 14°34'50'S, 68°41'27"W, 975 m, m de3 3m ai alto, inflores-

cencias nuevas verde baden 7 Nov 2003, N. Paniagua, L. Cayola, L. Cuevas, C. — 5895 — T — haga Virgen de

Rosario- Minn entre id Arroyo Wichu yore J spa: siguiendo po q 14°35'24"S

68°46'03

S RE e e. 1 1 h hr de 1

individuos i juve-

niles, erectos, fo d 1 d

ii ERE 1 f del Ji 5266 (MO). PERU. Cusco:

Prov, La Coxivénión: Palma Real, AN cab 900-1000 m, borde monte, 16 Apr 1966, Vargas 17282 (US-2).

A 1 1

do, hueco, liso

Etymology.—Named = e i nene in Bolivia, this robust species "s — large,

dark, “wrap-around,” | f blades, and large, eff ,awn-

less, somewhat short bi

ido ci : 454; :c diff,

A fuentesiii in the characters giv-

en in the key, and from the Ecuadorian endemic A. longiaristata in its awnless spikelets. It is unusual in the

genus for its low elevation range (900-1280 m) and its subandean semi-deciduous forest habitat. Associates

noted by the collectors at the type locality included Acacia loretensis J.F. Macbr. (Fabaceae), Adenanthera colub-

rina (Vell.) Brenan (Fabaceae), Casearia gossypiosperma Briq. (Salicaceae), Gallesia intregrifolia (Spreng.)

Harms (Phytolaccaceae), and Phyllostylon rhamnoides (J. Poiss.) Taub. (Ulmaceae).

498 } j R Texas 5(2)

Another Peruvian collection from Depto. Cusco could possibly be this species: Urubamba: Dist. Machu

Picchu, Pampacahua, bosque humedo, 13°06'S, 72°16'W, 2485 m, hierba 4 m, flores lilas, inflorescencias en

panoja. a oe. E bmi E. Suclli i J. Farfán, V. Chama & N. Anaya 4635 (MO). However, its foliage leaf

ly 23 x 7 cm) than that of the type specimen, its (very

immature) onem are ons 9-12 mm long, sed it is bout at a much higher elevation (2485 m). A fragmen-

tary, high elevation (3100 m) collection from Depto. Cusco: Prov. La Convención, San Luis, 16 Jan. 1968,

bosque hámedo subtropical, 12 m tall, flowering, Chávez Alfaro 38 (US-2), may pertain to this species, but has

smaller foliage leaf blades 22 cm long and 4 cm wide, and nee quy! 12-14 mm long. Perhaps the elevation

given on the label is in error; it seems unlikely that a humid p g t such a high elevation

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank UWSP student Eva CI Hathaway for he li d i , Alf edo F uentes for he field pl h d

notes, Gerrit Davidse and James Solomon for the loan of T BREMEN from MO, Lynn G. ues bes Jimmy

Triplett for helpful reviews, Christine M. Waas for research assistance and Virginia Freire for checking the

Spanish.

REFERENCES

CALDERÓN, C.E. AND T.R. SODERSTROM. 1980. The genera of Bambusoideae (Poaceae) of the American continent: keys and

comments. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 44:1-27

CLAYTON, D.K. AND S.A. RENVOIZE. 1986. Genera graminum: Grasses of the world. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.

ELLIS, R.P. 1979. A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. II. The epidermis as seen in

surface view. Bothalia 12:641-671.

MOEMA ie) AND L.G. yii 2011. eds contents (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae:

78.

JUDZIEWICZ, EL L.G. CLARK, X. LONDONO, X, AND M.J. STERN. 1999. American bamboos. Smithsonian Institution Press,

Washington, DC. 392 pp.

JUDZIEWICZ, E.J., E.L. SHEA, AND T.M. WAYDA. 2010. Two new Bolivian species of Aulonemia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae:

Bambuseae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:569-579,

JUDZIEWICZ, E.J., R.J. SORENG, G. DAVIDSE, P. ignit M pagas AND T —Ü diea Seer e of New World

rasses (P. - I. Subfamilies A id tr. U.S. Natl.

vr 39:1-128.

MCCLURE, F.A. 1973. Genera of bamboos native to the New World. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 9:1-148.

POHL, R.W. 1980. Family #15, Gramineae. In Flora Costaricensis, Fieldiana Botany, New Ser. 4.

PoHL, R.W. AND G. DAVIDSE. 1994. i » MNA G M Sousa, and A.O. Chater, eds. Flora Mesoamerica. Vol. 6

Alismataceae a C Universida i Mexico, D.F. Pp. 198-199.

RENVOIZE, S.A. 1998. € Grami de Boli icG

TOVAR, O. 1993. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) del Perú. Ruizia 13:1-480.

CREMOSPERMA VERTICILLATUM (GESNERIACEAB),

A NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHWESTERN ECUADOR

John L. Clark

Department of Biological Sciences

Brian R. Keener

Department of oo Sciences &

Environmental Sciences

tation 1.

The University of West Alabama

Livingston, Alabama 35470, U.S.A.

The University of Alabama

Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

D 1 1 1 1 f. T 1 : A 1 3 1; 2: 1 AR | | to

r r 4 t

X 1 j 1 * 2 The new species «7. 2 2810 i E 1 ib 1 f. 1 1 1

4 E r La > o o 4,

T d 11 1 1 a. 1 1 » 1 1

4 r D eo i24 La

RESUMEN

9 s 1 A TE 1 1 p 1 1 2.9 ^.

4 Ed E o E

(c AL 11 3 1 1 ;n A a

Ly E r Oo o Ls

X a 1 1 sf. 222 1 1 " 3 11 A y A 1 1 j

J p p g ydep g

KEY WORDS: Cremosperma, Gesneriaceae, Taxonomy, Flora of Ecuador, Mindo Loma

INTRODUCTION

C f 11 PN | 1 1 1 : Pie (C 4n Di D ct UR DES je]

(1988) provided a à thori treatment of the CORDON Species known phen Ecuador and estimated the

genus to comprise 24 species. Two Ci cently pul df aia mander-

Alonso 2006) and Ecuador (Clark & Skog 2011). The pi of C Į ticillat g

diua of the genus to 27 sperem xin monophyly of C li in the tribe Besl

gly 11 1

the nrDNA ITS region (Roalson & Clark 2006); a combined analy-

sis of | ITS and cpDNA imLF Clark etal. me aut m ndhF — 2000). sie sponta ene that

distinguish C.

ers on a well.d 1 3 J 1 161 + FIL J nek 1 1 ES Fou

ta WELL

ir length.

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

Es > verticillatum J. L. a * upon sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tyre: ECUADOR. PROVINCIA PICHINCHA: cantón

S km 73.5 via Calacali-La Independencia (3 km past

the entrance to the village of Vp 0°0'44"S, 78°44'29"W, 1800 m, 27 May 2007, J.L. Clark 9775 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPES: BRIT,

CAS, K, MO, NY, QCNE, SEL, UNA).

Ajff liter dispositis foliis insidentibus elongat to cauli, foliis verticillatis et pedicellis

£ 1

Puy

Cremosperma pusillum CN. Morton var. ecuadorense um Morton, J. Wash. M Sci. 25:284—291. 1935. TYPE: ECUADOR. Provincia

PICHINCHA, Mt. Pichincha, 1800 m, 21 Jan 1856, E, K-2 shee

Terrestrial herb; stems 20-40 cm tall, decumbent at base, arched and e to erect distally, rarely

branched, terete to slightly angled, sulcate in distal 2, tomentose with densely tomentose in

distal 4, also scurfy with small amber colored protuberances. Leaves Pallate when fresh, membranaceous

when dry, usually with 3 leaves per node, often opposite at proximal first and second node, equal to subequal

at each node (rarely unequal); petioles terete, 0.4-5.0 cm long, tomentose; blade elliptic to ovate, 2.5-5.5 x

1.5-3.7 cm, base obtuse and asymmetrical, apex obtuse to rounded, margin crenate to serrate, tomentose,

OMM ected raed uui

). Bot. Res. Inst, Texas 5(2): 499 — 504. 2011

Clark and Keener, C ticill ies fi tl Ecuad 501

r , F

Dr ME pens hie on veins, cal di due mci gone on pc e area between

o o eo

J 2 A y 1 1 * A J 1 11

a reduced pair , in upper leaf axils, KUSPE 1-4 cm

long, (1-) 2-5 mature fiowetwinflovesamea often with land-like; bracts ab-

sent. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels 1-5 mm long, pilose; calyx 6-7 mm long, lobes o fused for Ya of their length,

equal, lobes erect during anthesis, persistent and spreading in fruit to form a splash cup to 11 mm wide, apex

obtuse, uniformly green, outside pilose, inside glabrous; corolla posture oblique relative to calyx, to 1.5 cm

As 1

long, tubular, base to mid-region 2 mm in diameter, becoming apically ventricose on lower side to 4 mm wide

at apex, white with yellowish upper region of throat, outer surface of tube pilose, throat and corolla lobes ab-

axially pilose, inner surface of tube glabrous, throat and base of corolla lobes with clustered gland-tipped tri-

chomes, corolla lobes glabrous distally, limb bilaterally symmetrical, lobes reflexed and unequal, lower three

lobes oblanceolate, ca. 6 x 2 mm, upper two lobes rotund, 5 x 2 mm, margins entire, slightly undulate; stamens

4, didynamous, included; filaments adnate to base of corolla for 1-2 mm and free for 1.5-2 mm, glabrous; an-

thers broader than long, ca. 0.4 x 0.9 mm; staminode absent; nectary annular, forming a ring around base of

ovary, glabrous; ovary PENE cacao ca. f x 0.6 mm, iss and Migne MP suns a id 4-valved

capsule, globose, ca. 2.5

splash cup mechanism to B pn mes seeds numerous, oe to ovoid, ca. 0.5 x 0.2 mm, reddish brown,

surface alveolate, with

1; ff. : EE 1 E 1 | = cole | E

are isophyllous and whorled (Fig. 1A). Most species of Cremosperma have opposite leaves that are equal or

nearly in size (isophyllous), while other species are strongly anisophyllous (e.g., Cremosperma anisophyhllum

J.L. Clark & L.E. Skog, C. reldioides L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog, and C. veraguanum Wiehler). Upper- and mid-leaves

tend to differ in relative petiole length with hes: Man m Mer A the joie beng et The variable

peti inle lanoth | POS E A 1 peti oles

n E 4 O

pM to leaf oe and mid- and ead leaves with long ioles relati leaf blade si The petioles of the

mi pe t latively elongate 6 5 cmin aded and exceed the length of the

leaf blade. Most C — peti oe L AS gth f the leaf blade. In Po

rt r

that are trongly i pł y 11 ł p iol ly sessile. Cren mosperma ticillat

from other congners by the p anew pedicel sc scars. aia species of Cremosperma that Bie been

Observed anth oland di IY dC anisophyllum The presence of gland-

11 pand

like pedicel scars may le more common than indicated] in the Cremosperma treatment by Kvist and Skog

988).

The presence of whorled leaves was a defining character for Cremosperma pusillum CV. Morton. In addi-

tion to the typical variety, Morton (1934) described C. pusillum var. ecuadorense CV. Morton. Cremosperma

pusillum var. typica [pusillum] was discussed by Morton (1934) as RM qum by da " sowie io a

de Savanilla” in Nariño, Colombia in which he wrote, “Thi

André ren in rui ond Fuse in 1876 PER 1965), but the locality Sabanilla is along ib. eastern

f Zamora-Chinchipe and not in Colombia as indicated by

Morton (1934), The Sabanilla Range is located 75 km south of the city of Loja and is currently part of the

Tapichalaca Nature Reserve that is managed by Fundación de Conservación Jocotoco. There are at least three

other species (Bomarea longipes Baker, Centropogon heteropilis E. Wimm. and Centropogon quebradanus E.

Wimm., collected by André with Sabanilla Range being ihe ype pany. Um treatment of wont by

Kvist and Skog (1988) repeated Morton's error (1934) by citing t eing

Big» collected in COMM meta of Sabanilla in southern Ecuador. p paper by Fernández- Alonso

Cauca) that are

deposited at COL and JAUM. The auth [thi - did not study the Colombian collections, but images in

Fernandez-Alonso (2006) of field collections (J. R I Wood 5371) are consistent with material from southern

Ecuador

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

owing whorled leaves

artic

Clark and Keener, C ticillatum, ies fi tt Ecuad 503

Cremosperma pusillum var. ecuadorense was described from a single collection by W. Jameson from Mt.

woven — — was probably inclined to recognize two varieties of one species instead of two

have DM leaves mn he was er the impression that the type lo-

calitiés by ‘André Vite Jameson f lly simila "gs Pepan in nem Colombia and

adjacent Mt. Pichi lerk Biosdét We now know that tl graphically distinct

i I Ecuad Sabanilla i theast de

It is not possible to el M 's variety to th k of speci though C p verticillatum

identifiable with C ill . ecuadorense. There already i

boo Ecuador iCiemeqertiá ecundonanig L.P. Kvist =A I E. Skog). It pes be noted that Kvist wid: Skog

(1988) treated Morton's variety as a heterotypic synony i Benth. var. hirsutissi-

mum. The other three varieties of C hirsutissi ł t pposite leaves. It is clear based on

herbarium — field — à Watpie tnus to both type scenes that whorled leaves is a

} ll other Cremosperma species in Ecuador.

Cremosperma pusillum is a small terrestrial heb that rarely reaches 20 cm in height and often appears

with leaves in a basal rosette or in apical clusters (Fig. 2E) on short erect pi pes are disi in moss-

covered areas. The leaves of C. pusillum are 0.5 to 1.5 cm long and th

pd (Fig. 2). CMA Be iia is W 40 cm HUA ant the leaves are hinge (2. 535 7 cm). In addi-

an erect posture relative t to the pete Cig. 20% The carpa of f Cremosperma verticillatum has a distinct throat

rendering it infundibular wit! jue p ly sin "É

Distribution and habitat —C icillatum i f ion f

the Mindo Loma Cloud Forest Bird Lodi that is owned by the nud fail The 7.5- hectare reserve was

— id the late Ing Aaa or ONR Engineer) Hernan Boris Herrera J. (1945-2009) and is cur-

rently rur ), daughter — and wife (Martha Vallejo G.). The collection

by Jameson in 1856 could be from th yp y for Cremosperma verticillatum. Many 19!

tury from the Pichincha provi iubi T as Mt. Pichincha.

Etymology.—The new i lin refi f inii ims (Fig. 1A).

ideas on IUCN Red List category: omae ma verticillatum h y formally

protect d I he fi thor has done

extensive fieldwork (e.g., DT. = Los Cedros, iid the environs of Mindo). According to the

IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 20 (B2a, less than 10 km? and known to exist at

only a single location) and the smalls size 7. 5 hectares) ‘ae the privitely owned Mindo Loma Cloud Forest Bird

Lodge, qualify C p g listed in the category CR (Critically Endangered).

Additional Speci E ined. ECUADOR. Provincia Pichinch San Miguel de los B Sendero Cascada, Mindo Loma

Cloud Forest Reserve, km 73.5 via Calacali-La 1 he vill f Mindo), 0°0'44"S, 78°44'29"W, 1800

m, 25 May 2009, J.L. Clark & P. Herrera 10912 (BRIT, CAS, K, MO, NY, QCNE, SEL, UNA, US); 2 May 2011 J.L. Clark & C. Aulestia 12200

(BRIT, CAS, K, MO, NY, QCNE, SEL, UNA, US).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

pidio m Me sody was provided by e Nationa! Seience Fonndetion (NSF grants DEB 0841958 and

0949 for th by a Research Opportunity Award from the

inn Science Foundation. We thank the herbaria F, K, MO, NY, Q, QAP, QCA, QCNE, SEL, and US for ac-

cess to their collections ho are teet to Christen Feuillet for providing the Latin diagnosis; Laura Clavijo

for p providing tract; and Laurence E. Skog, Eric Roalson, Michael Móller, and

an anonymous reviewer for I comments on an early version of the manuscript. We also thank Steve

Ginzbarg (UNA), Efraín Freire (QCNE), Diana Fernández (QCNE), and David A. Neill (QCNE) for procuring

collecting and export permits, We also thank Fundación de Conservación Jocotoco for logistical support for

e EN dons to EPICA (especially OR ne Paola Vie O. and Zoltan Waliczky) and to

igel Sim iti by E.A. André.

5 o

504 J lof the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

It should be noted that the founder n the Mindo Loma Cloud Forest Bird Lodge, Ingeniero Hernan Boris

Herrera J., conservation of Ecuador's biodiversity, and he was the Advisor for

the Development AEB of Ecuador's Ministry of Defense. He was present on the landing strip and madea

last-minute decision to recuse himself from joining the 1993 fatal gne omm that ended the pes of Alwyn

Gentry, Theodore A. Parker, and Eduardo bx io: ee l

vation of Ecuador's biodiversity. Hernan I Mindo Loma Ciod Forest Bird Lodge. Thanks

are due to the Herrera family d n EEREN A día in preserving the only currently known extant

population of C i le the | daries of the Mindo Loma Cloud Forest Bird Lodge.

REFERENCES

CLARK, J.L. AND L.E. SKOG. 2011. noe aie ciel a ~~ rons: sili sie anew pat of

Gesneriaceae from the Ch

CLARK, J.L., D.A. NEILL, J.A. GRUHN, A. WEBER, AND T. KATAN. 2010. Shuaria (G i ), an arl M o on

the Cordillera del Condor and Amazonian Ecuador. Syst. Bot. 35:662-674

Se eee J.L. 2006. Novedades taxonómicas y nomenclaturales en Cremosperma y Resia (Gesneriaceae) de

ombia. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 30:171-180.

vx Bus viis in ie bursts nak — T e i gS ont ud i IUCN — obi. Commission.

IJI

KvisT, LP. AND L.E. SKOG. 1988. The oen C D (G i ) in Ecuador. Nordic J. Bot. 8:259-269.

MORTON, C.V. 1935. The genus Cremosperma. J. Wash. Acad: Sci..25: 284-29

ROALSON, E.H. AND J.L. CLARK. 2006. Phylogenetic patterns of diversification in the Beslerieae (Gesneriaceae). In: Plant

genome biodiversity and evolution, Phanerograms 1C. A.K. Sharma and A. Sharma, eds. Science Publishers, Enfield,

New! hire, USA. Pp. 251-268.

SMITH, J.F. 2000. A phylogenetic sya of ses peste and Napeantheae (Gesneriaceae) and evolution of fruit

lit F sequences. Syst. Bot. 25:72-81.

Smith, E B. Ases itinerary of Edouard Francois Ande] in his expedition to the northern Andes 1875-1876. Phytologia

12:401-4

A NEW SPECIES OF PENTAGONIA (RUBIACEAE: HIPPOTIDEAE)

FROM SOUTHERN PERU

Charlotte M. Taylor

Missouri Botanical Garden

P.O. Box 299

John P. Janovec

Botanical Research Institute of Texas

1700 Dr.

niversi

St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Fort WR. Texas 761-7-3400, U.S.A.

charlotte.taylor@mobot.org jjanovec@brit.org

Roy E. Gereau

Missouri Botanical Garden

P.O. Box 299

St. Louis, Mi i 63166-0299, U.S.A.

roy.gereau@mobot.org

ABSTRACT

R flori ion in the Madre de Dios River b d its tributary the Los Amigos River in onem Peru has continued the

disc of Rubiaceae specie new to science, including th p described here. Pentag tralis C.M. Taylor & Janovec

| le 1 I d at the base, its well developed and

il ies fi linP P. microcarpa L. And &R 1 P. pac) Cornejo

RESUMEN

ni. P. microcarpa |

KEY WORDS: Rubiaceae , Pentagonia, Hippotideae, Peru, IUCN Red List

INTRODUCTION

The neotropical genus Pentagonia Benth. (Rubiaceae: Hippotideae) comprises about thirty to forty species of

shrubs and small trees, most with quite large leaves, found at low to montane elevations from Guatemala to

western Brazil and central to southern Peru (Taylor 2002; Andersson & Rova 2004). Pentagonia is distin-

guished by its Phas and sometimes aiis queen belit its well developed inppeciele: stipules that are

y veins ev ident but

to a network of fibers (Rova & jai isa 1995); its axillary, capi-

;its relatively large, fleshy and fibrous, five-merous, bisexual flowers; its corollas

i leathery, two-locular, berry-like fruits with numer-

ous angled seede i on axile placentas. Pentagonia belongs to the small neotropical tribe Hippotideae (Rova &

Andersson 1995) and is notable in the Rubiaceae for its several species with deeply pinnatifid to rarely par-

tially pinnate leaves (e. g. P. tinajita Seem.). It is also unusual in its floral biology, described by McDade (1986).

The flowers are protandrous and are wholly staminate at ai wi the stigmas held below the amber with

Faji prepay suriaces pressed gre in

? to

DVIUCI

Spicuous and tl finelv striate d

with a well A 1 2.

EN 1 nm

Ti oun

Ali UIL

the lower side of ihe. coton, near the RAT of its tube and at slightly different Mi dw: to Patience | in fila-

t lengths f the filaments. After position the

stigmas just is he anthers, and the stigmas separate to expose the receptive ibus Pentagonia has not

fth r lla, d

a»

bbs cpi ies DELE

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 505 — 511.2011

i I] Lal D Ip A.B + + £T, pia

506 han /

| tudied hole and most of its individual speci | t well kaywa. Tene NEA often have an

unbranched, monocaul (i. e , pole") habit, hicl g 1 with their unusually | E (up 200 x 120cm

] 1 ASC

on proie "t to e cm sede e.g., P. grandiflora Standl.) makes the collecting of museum

are still needed to understand this genus. Taylor (2002) none character

and taxonomy of Pentagonia in some detail and six additional species have been individually described

(Cornejo 2006, 2009, 2010; Taylor & Gereau 2010), but the g ł yet been comprehensively reviewed

or dim

PL "Aem, VOS Gad un 1 : A 55 33 | 1; LL

of information in the wablished descriptions of the flowers af two other Pentagonia Species also m in

= Pn E oe E Andero & Rova and E and Cornejo. Flowering specimens of both

of fP.p available, and updated morphologi-

cal ban are presented here Es oe species. "E newly documented here is the occurrence of P.

pachiteana in western Brazil.

The new species described below was discovered among specimens made by the Andes to Amazon

Biodiversity Program of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas during exploration of the Madre de Dios

River basin and its tributary, the Los Amigos River. This is a region of lowland Amazonian tropical to sub-

tropical forest and wetlands in southern Peru that is not well known to science. As part of the southwestern

Amazon Basin, this region contains what is probably the largest and least disturbed area remaining of upper

Amazonian and lower Andean ecosystems (Foster et al. 1994), including moist, semi-deciduous tropical to

subtropical forest and wetlands dominated by Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) in the lowlands and premon-

tane forest of the Andean foothills (Householder et al. 2010). The region is marked by a distinct four- to five-

month dry season (June through AGE or aba) and receives 2,000-2,900 mm of rain annually

(Gentry € León 1997). It has b ide of biological diversity, with world

record numbers of birds, tabanid flies, | gar beides danseiflied. dragonflies, and butterflies (Stewart 1988).

Threats to sear xe E the forest occur in the form of hunting, gold anne sone extraction, be con-

struction, and sl griculture, but fortunately a large system region

including Manu and B juaje-S N ] Parl d the Los Amigos "ome Concession.

METHODS

Descriptions follow the format used by Taylor and Gereau (2010) and Taylor (2002), and as in those works

morphological terms follow Lawrence (1951). Measurements given below in the technical descriptions indicate

length unless otherwise indicated. The wie are a in vo tata cond order. Additional sepsis en for

the sapere sed here and high resoluti g g Jah]

y either I th llect d collecti 1 PIA MGE DNUS pecies |

the newly descr

at http://atrium. sakiai. org, and for the previously described Pent i : icos.org

Conservation Status Assessment Methodology —The study presented | here is amen ¿Und floristic. The

objectives are enumeration of the species that occur in the area of tropical Central and South America, and

taxonomy of the species that belong to this genus of Rubiaceae. The methods employed here correspond only

to these objectives, thus this study is based on gee of PT: Vocem over a pes of ye using

nbn: survey Mosen armed at various (e p c rane

1 è !

new species I h y of several inserit: and no |

field studies have been done irse the occurrence ot this species where it is known or expected to groW

Thus the floristic information presented here is a simplified presence report based on incomplete survey ofthe -

av ge data, pid are uneven inm Kaos for ms Sn (Schulman et al. 2007). lad peor o V. true

101

to its existence, pa thus t to uds its actual dote vain pio Documentation of the existence " s

+ *

species based on one or several museum collections does not d ] hese factors

1 a

Ac y e

onservation assessment is provided for the new species treated leu using IUCN categories and cril |

Taylor etal., A g i 507

ria (IUCN 2001) based on the totality of our current knowledge. n e for tl in the form of

p ER id I ilah] li i http: //

( f p b using “Show v Detail) The species distribu-

tion was i in ArcView GIS 3.2 (ESRI 1999), with the grid cell f Occupancy

(AOO) set at the maximum allowable value of 3.16 km (IUCN Standards and Petitions Working Group 2008);

because there were only two collecting points, the IUCN Rating tool (Moat 2007) could not be used. This as-

sessment is not being submitted to IUCN for publication on the Red List (http://www.iucnredlist.org), and the

basis for t t should be carefully evaluated by the reader.

TAXONOMY

Pentagonia por E M. Taylor &r Janever, sp. nov. (Fig. D. TYPE: PERU. Manie DE DIOS. Prov. Manú: Los Amigos

Biological Statio 25 m, 12°30'S, 70°02'W, 250

masl, 24 Jun 2003, A.P. Maceda 723 USM BRIT-06486)

VOTOD).

H 1 D, i 1 1-2 Ry D fe 11 1 ; n pF MAD] Ll ] p i i

distinguitur.

Shrubs and small trees to 2.5 m tall, unl hed; mai I hat flattened

to subterete, glabrous. Le ite; blade ol broadly obovate, ,36- 61 x 14-18 cm, ys pauyn to

stiffly papery, adaxially glabrous; baxially glal j p

pal veins, tapering for basal 2/3, at base 1. 52. 2 ide and al l led to t t lary veins 16

to 19 pairs; petioles 0.1-0.5 cm, — stipules triangular, 33-40 mm, pemen sericeous, acute, decidu-

ous. Infl itate t itate, sessile, with 4 to 8 flowers; bracts narrowly ligulate to elliptic-ob-

long, 7-15 mm, dise to rounded, sie except margins sericeous. Flowers sessile or subsessile; ovary

portion slenderly ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm, sericeous; calyx limb yellow to red, externally sericeous, internally gla-

brous, regularly lobed, tubular pornon cylindrical, 5-6 mm, lobes 5, pene to narrowly ligulate, 6-8 mm,

obtuse to rounded, with lla yellow or yellowish green, tubular, externally densely se-

riceous, internally glabrous, en ca. 19 mm, at middle ca. 2 mm diam., 2-2.5 mm Tuis at quac ees s%

narrowly triangular, 33.5 mm, acute; anthers narrowly oblong, 2-3 mm, f

and all on one side, overlapping but at different heights; style ca. 9 mm, stigmas EA oblong, ca. 2 mm.

Fruit subglobose, yellow, 0.9—1.2 cm diam., sparsely strigillose to glabrescent, densely beset with small lenti-

cels; seeds not seen.

Habitat, Distribution, and Phenology.—This species is known from moist, seasonally inundated, semide-

ciduous floodplain forests at an elevation of ca. 270 m in the region of the confluence of the Los Amigos and

Madre de Dios Rivers in Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru. Apparently it grows on sandy soil mosaics and

perhaps near springs and small streams overlying rich, alluvial, floodplain forest soils. In some years it may

withstand one to two months or more of 50-150 cm inundation during the peak rainy season (December

through ey It na been collected in flower and fruit in May and June, on some plants simultaneously,

hic

he early dr

even PECEREN EE a very yanal Area of Occupancy (AOO), this species meets the geograph-

ic range criterion for Endangered. Although its two known localities are from within the Los Amigos

Conservation Concession, the species has not been documented from the less vulnerable national protected

areas in the region (Manú National Park, Tambopata Reserved Zone, and Bajuaje: Panen National igi

Because plants of Pentagonia are physically difficult to mal

in botanical surveys, this species is very possibly more common than the limited number of Moecitens sug-

8651s. However it seems highly improbable that further collections will demonstrate an AOO exceeding 500

km? the upper threshold for the Endangered category. With a limited number of collection localities and a

continuing decline in the quality of habitat in the floodplain forests of the Madre de Dios River basin due to il-

legal and mechanized gold mining (Swenson et al. 2011), this species is here evaluated as Endangered: EN

B2ab(iii),

508 i t 50)

Fic. 1. Pent g ji lis C.M. Tavlor & Janovec. A. Porti f

(BRIT); C nk A m L. 752 10 PORC UE Pr

f. B, Inflorescence. C, flower at anthesis. D. Fruit. A. B based on Maceda ng f

This new species can be recognized within Pentagonia by the combination of its subsessile or only VW.

h tl ey 1

shortly p aves, um the blade glabrous on the lower surface and nane tion aboye the ni M

its base, and th ] the base; its sessile, capitat

yellow or a uus. lowers its calyx limb that is regularly lobed; its corollas with the tube ua ad

Taylor et al., A H UI TUS se d D 509

the lobes relatively short; and its rather small fruits. This new v species is found to the south of the previously

peine ends of Peutogesio for which P. p ly ii doas the HEREIN uie The bd

X2 AT 11 J S A Es M

g extended by km,

its relatively hern distribution. Pentagoni tralis has floral isolog similar to that described by McDade

(1986).

els et d is doe to P. microcarpa, d

met eat a UR |

However P.

1 cum He Pm

at the base, 3—6 cm wide, i „and its pa

hilo corolla with the tube about twice as wide at the mouth as at the middle. Also similar to this new

species and discussed below is P. pachiteana, which can be separated from P. australis by its leaves that are acute

to cuneate at the base with short to well developed petioles, 0.5-2 cm long, its shorter triangular calyx lobes,

2.5-4 mm long, and its funnelform corollas with the tube about twice as wide at the mouth as at the middle.

Two other Pentagonia species with subsessile or only shortly petiolate ne "a are I rounded to truncate or

cordulate at the base are also found in Peru, P. willi Standl. and P. sul l dl., but they can both

be separated from 3l Astros By ter Pare a limbs (i.e., completely fused in bud and splitting ir-

regularly L. Andersson & Rova also has similar subsessile leaves

and the calyx limb regularly ther owe a ly from western Ecuador and differs in its

)

red calyx limbs with the tubular portion longer, ca. 9 mm long, and its larger white corollas, with the tube ca.

26 mm long and the lobes 8-10 mm zou

PARATYPES. PERU. Madre de Dios. Prov. M P Maldonado, L igos Biol l Station, Madre de Dios Ri ca. 7.0 km upriver

from mouth of Río Los Amigos, Trocha Playa 25 m, 12°30'S, 70°02'W, 250 sii, AP. Maceda 1369 (BRIT, USM); vic. trail to Cocha Lobo,

12°30'S, 70° 02'W, 250 masl, J.P. Janovec, P. Macedo, C. Nayahuacca, & V. Yumbato 1984 (BRIT, USM).

Pent ia mi L. Andersson & Rova, Fl. Ecuador 74:37, fig. 6. 2004.

Flowers with ovary portion slenderly elliy illose t lyx limb red or pinkish red, externally

sericeous, internally glabrous, ad bes tubular portion i3. 6 mm, ides 5, ligulate to elliptic-oblong,

10-15 mm, acute to obtuse; corolla red or pinkish red, funnelform, externally glabrous, tube 22-27 mm, at

middle 3.5-4 mm diam., at mouth 6-9 mm diam., lobes 5, ovate, 7-8 mm, obtuse to acute; anthers narrowly

oblong, 2-3 mm, positioned just below middle of corolla tube and all on one side, overlapping but at different

— stylet ca. s mm, face spathulate, ca. 1.8 mm.

Amazonian Ecuador and northern Peru (Andersson & Rova 2004). The form

and sizes of the leaves, stipules, inflorescences, and fruits and the elevational range documented by more re-

cent specimens still fall within the description and range given in the protologue. The flower measurements

here are based on the two collections cited below. Pentagonia microcarpa has floral biology similar to that de-

scribed by McDade (1986).

Selected Specimens Studied: PERU. Loreto. Maynas Prov.: Yanamono, Río Amazonas, L. Hendrix 258 (MO), R. Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 11098

(MO).

Pentagonia pachiteana Cornejo, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11:22, fig. 2. 2006.

Flowers with ovary portion slenderly ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm, strigillose to strigose; calyx limb green, externally

Sericeous to glabrescent, internally glabrescent, regularly lobed, tubular portion ca. 4mm, lobes 5, ligulate to

triangular, 2.5-4 mm, obtuse to acute: corolla white to greenish white, funnelform, externally sericeous to

glabrous, tube 20-25 mm, at middle ca. 4.5 mm diam., at mouth ca. 8 mm diam., lobes 5, triangular, 6-7 mm,

acute; anthers and o. not seen. Fruits — yellow with red spots, ca. 15 x 14 mm, strigillose to

glabrescent, d , densely finely lentic ellate;

Initially th; 3 O EM 1 oy Lei 1 ey | f WE

litially this species p y from eastern Peru, where 11 PI y only

type collection, bati it has recently | ldi lly d df he adjacent state of Acre, Brazil. All the

Collections seen were made at 200-300 m REIN The flower oL aedis given nes are + based c on two

Collections, an isotype at MO and Oliveira et al. 674 (MO); however the flower

510 i : exa SQ)

and the flowers were not dissected. The fruit description given here is based on Daly et al. 764 (MO) and Daly

et al. 10019 (MO).

1S Studied: BRAZIL. Acre. Mun. Feijó: Rio Muru, cae — pu Sr. Antonio Francisco oa ARS.

Oliveira, C. Figueiredo, L. Lima, M. Silveira, D. Daly, & C. Ehringhaus 674 (MO) , Seringal

a M. S L.A. ign rA bid Hi Mace GE. sconce eh 5 O) Mun. Marechal E Rio no Reserva

‘ Colocacáo D, D.C. iui M. is R. Senn

Walthier, & ]. Gebhards 7648 (MO). Mun. Santa R ee Din DP: Telt bank Sering D.C. Daly

da Silva, L. Lima, & E. C lo 10019 (MO). i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS f

We thank D. Daly for access to specimens, T. Franklin and A. Neill for assistance with specimens at BRIT, A. P.

Maceda and F. Cornejo for collaboration in the field, L. Heagy for the excellent illustration, an anonymousre-

viewer for helpful suggestions, and R. Magill and S. Sohmer for significant facilitation of this work. Field work

in Peru was kindly rape oy 1 neret cesi Institute of Texas, the Gordon and Betty Moore |

Foundation, the U.S 1 Inventory program (grant number DEB- _

0717453), the ecole Fund of Fort Worth, Texas, the Benélicia Foundation, and the Amazon Conservation l

Association. This work would not have been possible without research, collection, and export permits issued _

by the former Instituto de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) and the Directorio General de Flora and Fauna —

Silvestre (DGFFS) of Peru. |

REFERENCES

ANDERSSON, L. Mee H.E. ROVA. TS a aac rae 4), jt b dated Fl. Ecuador 74:1-46.

CORNEJO, X. 2006. lor and Peru. Harvard Papers it |

ov Y

CORNEJO, X. 2009. Two new species of Pentagonia (Rubiaceae, Hippotideae) from Colombia and Ecuador. Novo

19:25-31

CORNEJO, X. 2010. P. goni I iloba, i EE» dai (Li : v. " E is

i Rrittania

ESRI (E S R | 1999. ArcView GIS 3.2. ESRI, Redlands, CA.

FOSTER, R., T.A. PARKER Ill, A.H. GENTRY, L.H. EMMONS, A. CHICCHÓN, T. SCHULENBERG, L. RODRÍGUEZ, G. LAMAS, H. Omre

ICOCHEA, W. WusT, M. ROMO, J. ALBAN CASTILLO, O. PHILLIPS, C. REYNEL, A. KRATTER, P.K. DONAHUE, AND L.J. BARKLEY. 1994. The -

Tambopata-Candamo Reserved Zone of Southeastern Perú: A Biological Assessment. RAP Working Papers, volé

Conservation International.

GENTRY, A.H. AND B. LEÓN. 1997. Tambopata rea; Tan In S. E Des V. H. Teneo, O. erae a Mace Vie

Lobos, and A. C. Hamilton, eds. Centres of g trategy for their conservation, Vo lume3-

Americas. WWF and IUCN, Oxford, England. Pp. 355- 259.

HOUSEHOLDER, E., J.P. JANOVEC, A. BALAREZO MOZAMBITE, J. HUINGA MACEDA, J. WELLS, R. VALEGA, H. MARUENDA, wo |

CHRISTENSON. 2010. Diversity, natural history, and conservation of Vanilla (Orchidaceae) in Amazonian wetlands

Madre de Dios, Peru. J. Bot. Res. Inst. T 245

IUCN [I UNION FOR C AF x TREE dang e

ee AA ( pene 2001. IUCN Red List Categori d Criteria, Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland

Switzerland and Cambridge, United Ki

IUCN STANDARDS AND PETITIONS WORKING GROUP. 2008. Hn - using yea pur Red List Categories and Criteria

Version 7.0. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, Unit

LAWRENCE, G.H.M. 1951. Taxonomy of vascular plants. The MacMillan Co, New York.

MCDADE, L.M. 1986. Protandry, synchronized flowering, and sequential phenotypic unisexuality in neotropi@

Pentagonia macrophylla (Rubiaceae). Oecologia (Berl.) 68:216-223.

iA: J. ad ecran alias won aeon ez ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens

ew. htt

Row, JHE; AND L. ANDERSSON. 1995. A reevaluation of the tribes Hippotid d Tammsieae (Rubiaceae). Nordic J. Bo

15:269-284.

Taylor et al., A ies of Pent ia fi P 511

SCHULMAN, L., T. TOIVONEN, AND K. RUOKOLAINAN. 2007. Analysing botanical collecting effort in A : 4 ting f

it in species range estimation. J. Biogeogr. 34:1388- 1399.

STEWART, P.D. 1988. Tambopata Reserved Zone, I . Oryx 22: poles

SWENSON, J.J., C.E. CARTER, J.-C. DOMEC, AND C.l. DELGADO. 2011. Gold mini P A lobal prices, defor-

estation, and mercury imports. PLoS ONE 6(4):e18875. doi: 10. 1371/journal pone.0018875

ue e M. — is americanarum HS inis P IX. New species and a new combination in Hippotis

merica. Novon 12:555-562.

TAYLOR, C.M. pee R. E. Tuc 2010. Rubiacearum americanarum magna hama pars XXIV: new species of Central and

South American Bouvardia, Hillia, Joosia, Ladenbergia, Pentagonia, and Posoq Novon 20:470-480

512 i Insti 50)

BOOK REVIEW

GIL NELSON. 2011. The Trees of Florida: A Reference and Field Guide, Second Edition. (ISBN 978-1-56164-

474-2, pbk.; 978-1-56164-475-9, pbk.). Pineapple Press, Inc., P.O. Box 3889, Sarasota, Florida, 34230, U.S.A.

(Orders: www.pineapplepress.com; 800-746-3275). $24.95 (hbk.), 428 pp., 170 line drawings, 150 color

photos, 6" x 9”.

The Trees of Florida, d edition, describes/di than 530 taxa of trees, up significantly from the

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Eb bom he x ] : t the ks "E

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tently list ctually the first edition. Our apology!—Barney Lipscomb, Botanical |

Research Institute of Texas, 1700 Gea Dre Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 512. 2011

TWO NEW SPECIES OF MONOPYLE (GESNERIACEAE)

FROM NORTHERN ECUADOR

Jeremy Keene Harvey E. Ballard Jr. John L. Clark

Dept. of Env. & Plant Biology Dept. of Env. & Plant Biology Dept. peri aoe Sciences

Jani ini Porter Hall 315 70345

Ohi rsity Ohio University The pros of Alabama

Athens, ouo. ptis U.S.A. Athens, Ohio 45701, U.S.A. Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, U.S.A.

jk30180900hio.edu ballardh@ohio.edu ji

ABSTRACT

Th : Af } M. 1 Sa, iW

P 5 5 F y y ?

fl. qi: M. 1 :f1 11 Clark &r K CUN. COSE] ART 1L l : p

f1 TL. J “1 RRA < ms f Tinia fL Af

HOWeT. ine denseiy

1 "hl.

glandular

f : M.

E7 2 E

RESUMEN

T. x anie $ a 2 PR 3: 3 " 1 . RE An1 lo E 1 1 NES E Sel, E 14

r E "K J E

Fet 2 j H 1 1 H d.a 1 | 1 1 Ka

p greg

lo 5l * y | RON RA 1 £1 £c L Su 19. 1 1

py J gue p

mente e iapa, tricomas Pe en id cáliz, y la flor axilar. El ind tod velloso y la infl i fl

K- ? 4 1 1 A AA. 1 in

gi J £ ES

KEY WORDS: Monopyle, Gesneriaceae, Systematics, Ecuador

INTRODUCTION

The family Gesneriaceae is a basal lineage in the order Lamiales, with a hypothesized origin of - 65 million

years ago (Bremer et al. 2004). The family oe Spuren a cad a in LE ae, des a - d

cant proportion Peang epiphytes (Weber aes

the Lamiales, by reduced pair-fl d cyme

ive lobed corollas, parietal pla-

centation, and presence of endosperm. Some ek these traits, however, are variable within the family and found

in other closely nated famia (Weber 200.

The (5

the N i ly 50 gen-

era and 1,500 species (Weber 2004) The sublucily | is neotropical in distribution and beoga by having

isocotylous seedlings (Burtt & Wiehler 1995). The most current circumscription of the tribes (Roalson et al.

2005) further divides the Gesnerioideae into seven tribes, including Beslerieae, Gesnerieae, Sinningieae,

Gloxinieae, Napeantheae, Episcieae, and Sphaerorhizeae. The Gloxinieae is characterized by having “scaly”

rhizomes, a feature separating it from other tribes in the subfamily. These “scaly” rhizomes are modified un-

derground stems with reduced succulent leaves that allow the plants to survive through periods of drought

(Kvist & Skog 1992).

Monopyle Benth. (Gloxinieae: ers isa im of uoi rg TR ESIR vee com-

Prising over 20 species (Weber 2004

ern South America. The genus was revised do South America by Morton (1945), but limited material was

examined and he doubted some of his own determinations. The genus is characterized morphologically by

anisophyllous opposite leaves, campanulate flowers, and the presence of uncinate trichomes (Roalson et al.

"eis Mass 2004). RUDI? ee whee thie first pog of — fora id work show

f the Bo

o 4. | : 1]

nus. We farne h Y: iid f : +) 1] inf] hat

p specie J r O 7

TEAS aA

J. Bot. Res, Inst. Texas 5(2): 513 — 520. 2011

514 J t i i 5(2)

similar to Monopyle sodiroana (Keene, unpublished data). These taxa have been misplaced within Monopyle

4; A k greg if thai I : A di +1 I (Fio. 3 tahl of characters (Table 1),

13. n es » 1:1 1 i3 fa MY ixi 4l A ES ul

4 E o 4

figures of fi

Monopyle multiflora Keene & J.L. Clark, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2; Table 1). Tyre: ECUADOR. ESMERALDAS: Cantón San

Lorenzo, P juia S Rita, Tundal Lodge, km 17 Hwy San Lorenzo-Ibarra, Sector Calderón, 01°10'59"N, 78°45'3"W, 31 m,

29 May 2008, J.L. Clark, B. Bisvicuth, S. Ginzbarg, & J. Melton 10407 ( US K, MO, NY, QCNE, SEL)

c n M 1 S 1 ;iH 1

F r7

n se e ss 3l. : n : ANE fal; 1 “1

n" "AME | t£. = 1 Lei 3: Aff,

Terrestrial or epiphytic herb, roots fibrous, shoots dorsiventral, ca. 60 cm tall, densely villous with long

straight tin the axils of

leaves. Leaves opposite, strongly anisophyllous; larger leaf with petioles 8-12(-18) mm long (length decreas-

ing towards stem apex), pub bove; lami y ical elliptic to ovate, base oblique, apex

acuminate, (8,7-)10.5-15.9 x 3.3-7.8 cm, base entire becoming shallowly serrate to deeply serrate towards

apex; adaxially dark green to maroon, sparsely villous with long straight trichomes, abaxially maroon, dense

puberulent uncinate trichomes intermixed with long straight trichomes (mostly on the veins); smaller leaf

with petioles 4(-9) mm long, ppearing sessile, densely villous with long straight trichomes intermixed

with minute uncinate trichomes; lamina orbicular to ovate, base subequilateral to oblique, apex acuminate to

cuspidate, 1.0-3.4(-5) x (0.70-)1.1-2.7(-3.4) cm, entire to serrate; adaxially densely puberulent with minute

AES A ae RM SP ODE prod i ppal

axillary with two or more flowers per axil; peduncles 1-2 mm long, densely villous with long straight tri-

chomes intermixed with minute uncinate trichomes, floral bracts, 1.6 x 0.8 mm not basally appressed on the

peduncle, persistent, opposite, adaxially densely villous, abaxially sparsely villous; pedicel to 2.8 mm long,

villous with long straight trick i ixed with uncinate trichomes. Calyx green to maroon, lobes five,

6.0-10(-13) x 0.7-2(-4) mm, connate 2-3(-6) mm from base, apex acuminate, abaxially villous with long |

lira ixed with mi i ick ,adaxially few long straight trichomes. Corolla —

white with yellow patch at the base of the throat, 18.3 x 9.6 mm, villous with long straight trichomes inter-

mixed with uncinate trichomes on the outer surface, short gland-tipped papillae on the inner surface of the

tube confined to the yellow patch at the base of the throat; limb glabrous, upper lobes 6.1 x 5.3 mm, lower lobe |

to 11 mm wid dal

ys sig y wider than upper lobes. Androecium four stamens, didynamous, an-

thers connivent for 1.4 mm. Nectary usually absent, fl itl ll f raised ti dorsally

at the base of the ovary. Gynoecium ovary half-inferior, to 2 mm wide, sparsely pubescent with minute unci- |

nate trichomes, style to 4 mm long, sparsely pubescent with minute uncinate trichomes, stigma stomatomor —

. . 1 x $

phic. Fruits 7-10 x 3-5 mm, accrescent, deh f;

ous, oblong, with tubular and bell-shaped protuberances, 0.6 x 0.4 mm, dark brown to black.

Phenology.— Collected in flower and fruit in May and September.

Dictrihutinn and Erninas 1

tribut Ecology.—M. has been collected from areas noted on herbarium labels

as tropical humid forest and transitional montane/premontane to lowland wet forest. It is also noted to be .

growing in the understory of the following canopy trees: Carapa guianenesis Aubl. (Meliaceae), Humiriastrum

procerum (Little) Cuatrec. (Humariaceae), Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don (Bignoniaceae), and Jessenia bataua

(Mart.) Burret. This species is known from the Esmeraldas province in Ecuador. It is likely that additional |

, calyx persistent in fruit; seeds numer

populations will be discovered near the type locality in pluvial forests in adjacent Colombia where limited

fieldwork has been conducted.

Conservation and IUCN Red List category.—Monopyle multiflora is known from two populations in the |

Esmeraldas province along the foothills of the eastern Andean slopes of northern Ecuador (Fig. 3). The tyP*

collection was made in Tundaloma Lodge, a small private reserve located 17 km east of the town San Lorenz i

(sector Calderón) in northern Ecuador. The Tundaloma Lodge is owned and managed by Andres Chiribog#

and it is a destination for bird watchers. Most of the forest along the San Lorenzo-Ibarra highway has bee? |

converted to African Palm plantations as a result of the recent completion of the highway. Some patches ol

Keene et al., Two new species of Monopyle from northern Ecuador

FiG. 1

B. Lateral view of flower. € & D. Mature fruit. E. — anisophyllous

|. Monopyle multiflora. A. Face view of flower (yellow patch).

*aves. F. Immature Fruits (Photos by J.L. Clark; voucher from the holotype: J.L. Clark, B . Bisvicuth, S. Ginzbarg & T. Melton 10407 a

Fic. 2. A. Mo ' f H i i sth h i TI 4 f hal II Clare 2r ind R hE dition Participant

6. Z.A. p gr y apr ! E Jotype

11162 at US). B. Monopyl ha ; COPI ES STRE "NM MAPA K her from the holotyt

pp y y 1e; voucher

J.L. Clark, B. Bisvicuth, S. Ginzbarg, & J. Melton 10407 at US).

Keene et al., T p py 517

Titt di g EN h M, D) j Itiflora. M. uniflora. and M. sodiroana

Diagnostic character Monopyle multiflora Monopyle uniflora Monopyle sodiroana

Glandular trichomes on the calyx Absent Absent

Stem indument illous Puberulent Puberulent

Inflorescence Axillary Axillary Terminal

Inflorescence bract base Not appressed Appressed Not appressed

isolated forest exist in the hilly areas ig the HUN but the habitat that is most threatened is the lowland

s areas near on api h py is located. It is not found in any formally protected area

l fieldwork i fo rests in Colombia may result in the documentation of addi-

tional populations. According to me IUCN Red E criteria cad m ior casi sh range (B2a,

less than 10 km? and known to exist f habitat

conservation along the San TO theses Sica Monopyle multiflora should be listed in the category CR

(Critically Endangered).

Etymology.—The specific epithet, multiflora, reflects the species typically having many flowers per axil-

lary inflorescence.

PARATYPES. ECUADOR. ESMERALDAS: Entre el Estero Molina—Hcda. Montero Riera [bet he Moli 1 the M Ri

Farm], San Marco, 140 m, 7 Sep 1991, J. Jaramillo, E. Grijalva & M. Grijalva 13811 (NY).

Monopyle uniflora J.L. Clark & Keene, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 4; Table 1). Tyre: ECUADOR. ESMERALDAS: Cantón San

Lorenzo, flat forest near highway Ibarra—San rene near Rio asian ue de Mann Lote #1 aum: ipod Sendero

Hola, 1°5'5"N, 78°41'12"W, 87 m, 4 Jun 2009, J.L. Cl 1 p

K, MO, QCNE, SEL).

E F 5 F L

glandul E T infi s. Aff

Terrestrial herb, roots fibrous, stems dorsiventral to erect, 40-80 cm tall, puberulent with loosely appressed

uncinate trichomes throughout, green with some red coloration. Leaves opposite, strongly anisophyllous;

Met idi with petioles a: FE 9 mm (length decreasing towards apex), Tener estic with short unci-

ttered long straight trichomes; | p Icate, base oblique, apex

kc rinde 5.6-8.5(-14.2) x 2.5-33.4-6.7 cm, hallas errate to deeply tet d d

ally dark green, sparsely puberulent with minute i ixed with scattered long straight

trichomes, abaxially light green, minute uncinate trichomes (mainly on the veins); small leaf with petioles

1.6-4. a) mm, omae pones uncinate intermixed with long straight trichomes; lamina orbicular to ovate,

base s pidate, (1.0-)1.9-2.8(5. 5) x 3.3-4.9 cm, serrulate to serrate; adaxially

cong evenly spaced toit aau trichomes intermixed with sparse long straight trichomes; abaxially

Sparse to ig — paren uncinate trichomes. Baione ee a reduced pair-flowered

cyme wit les 0.9-2.1 mm, puber ulent , bracts 1.1-1.3 mm

x04 mm appressed basally o on the edu. persistent, opposite, sparsely to densely villous; pedicel 2.2-4.5

mm, puberulent d with long glandular trichomes. Calyx light green, lobes

five, eam, 5.1-6. ; x P. is f mm, gonna 1. Hn 4 mm from base, apex acuminate, puberulent with uncinate

trichom glandular sate axial surface with few long

straight trichomes. Corolla hi ligl lavender with | 1 yellow patch f the throat, 14.8-17.3

x7.2-10 mm rsely pul uh cl EI th face, short gland-tipped

etl PpUDESICCIL

papillae confined to the yellow patch on n inner OOE of the tube; limb glabrous, upper lobes 5-7 x 7-9

mm, lower lobe to 13 mm long, always signi ly wider than upper lobes. Androecium with four stamens,

didynamous, anthers connivent for 1.1 mm. Nectary usually absent, some flowers with small amounts of

raised tissue at base of ovary. Gynoecium ovary half-inferior, to 1.6 mm wide, puberulent with uncinate

trichomes, style to 4 mm long, sparsely pubescent with uncinate trichomes, stigma stomatomorphic. Fruits

1.£4k.D nio ag NET PI

T TES

LAGO JE)

518 ds

Esmeraldas

Pichincha

o Quito

Fic. 3 Distributi £ M. L 7.) ri CERCA Y DAS n 14 i

6-9 x 2-4 mm, accrescent, dehiscing on dorsal side only, calyx persistent in fruit; seeds numerous, oblong:

with tubular and bell-shaped protuberances, 0.4 x 0.2 mm, cream to light tan.

Phenology.—Collected with flowers and fruits in June and October.

| Monopyle uniflora has been collected from areas noted as flat forest and humid

tropical primary forest on herbarium labels. It is likely that additional populations will be discovered near the

type locality in pluvial forests in adjacent Colombia where limited fieldwork has been conducted.

Conservation and IUCN Red List category.—Monopyle uniflora is known from two collections

Esmeraldas province along the foothills of the eastern Andean slopes of northern Ecuador (Fig. 3). The b:

Keene et al., Two new species of Monopyle from northern Ecuador

Fig

A Monopyle uniflora. A. Habit showing strongly anisophyllous leaves and single axillary flower. B. Lateral view of Flower. C. Front view of flower

Showing yellow patch at base of tube (Photos by J.L. Clark; voucher from the holotype: J.L. Clark & Gesneriad Research Expedition Participants 11162 at US).

520 Jou he Botani i (2)

collection is from a remnant patch of lowland flat forest that is managed by Fundacion Sirua, a foundation

dedicated to the conservation of biodiversity along the Ibarra-San Lorenzo highway. According to the IUCN

ks e criteria bass Ae ior en ES E (B2a, gus than T kan”) me consideran he uncer-

8 p

the category CR (Critically do

Etymology.—The specific epithet, uniflora, from the species typically producing a single flower p

pod inflorescence.

ECUADOR. E Cantón, R Etnica Awá, Centro Ricaurte, 01°10'N, 78°32'W, 300 m, 27 Oct 1992, G.

Tipaz, C. Aulestia, & M. Pascal 2218 (MO, QCNE, US).

KEY TO DIFFERENTIATE NEW SPECIES FROM MONOPYLE SODIROANA

1. Inflorescences terminal Monopyle sodiroana

1. Inflorescences axillary.

* f n ¿obs nl hl

y j Monopyle uniflora

2. Calyx lacking glandular trict jł basall | Monopyle multiflora

7 33 A ait a

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Support for JLC was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0841958 & DEB-0949169) and sup-

port for JK was provided by the Nellie Sleeth Scholarship from The Gesneriad Society, Inc. Participants from

the 2009 Gesneriad Research Expedition to Ecuador are graciously acknowledged for supporting a research

expedition that eap in xs — of MINE pe Special thanks to Christian Feuillet and Alain

Chautems for thei ipt. We also thank Christian Feuillet

(US) for providing the Latin diagnoses, | M. Lopez-Bautista & Aliya Donnell for providing the Spani

translation of the abstract, and Fundación Sirua (especially Francisco Prieto and Blanca Bisvicuth) for logistt

cal support in the field.

REFERENCES

BREMER, K., E. FRIIS, AND B. BREMER. 2004. cer phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants shows early |

Cretaceous diversification. Syst. Biol. 53:496-

BurTT, B.L. AND H. WIEHLER. 1995. Classification js "e family Gesneriaceae. Gesneriana 1(1):1-4.

— sud iis s ust e di rial yeso 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN TA SUME Commission.

g on for Conservation of Nat

Kvisr, L.P. AND L.E. SKOG. 1992. Revisi f Kohleria (G i ). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 79:1-83.

MORTON, C.V. 1945. l ] i del M . Revista Univ. (Cuzco) 30:98-116.

ROALSON, E.H., J.K. BOGGAN, AND L.E. SKOG. 2005. Reorgankatian. of pipa ie geiak bounde in ie Gloxinieae

(Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the p eae. Selbya

25:225-238

WEBER, A. 2004. Gesneriaceae. In: K. Kubitzki and J.W. Kadereit, eds. The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol

7. Flowering plants, dicotyledons: SuSE (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Berlin & Heidelberg

Germany: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 63-1

WIEHLER, H. 1983. A synopsis of the seine Gesneriaceae. Selbyana 6:1-219.

ESTUDIOS EN LAS APOCYNACEAE NEOTROPICALES XLII:

SINOPSIS DEL GENERO

MANDEVILLA (APOCYNOIDEAE: MESECHITEAE) EN COLOMBIA

J. Francisco Morales

Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)

Apartado Postal 22-3100

Santo Domingo, Heredia, COSTA RICA

fmorales@inbio.ac.cr

RESUMEN

da x M. jJ HE rx :3 MA hi Y

olombia. Un total de 49 taxones son reconocidos, incluy-

endoa ECN de deM. nacarema y M puyumato. Una cl l i ía y sinonimia es brindada [ da taxón, in-

Lu F r 4

Pee | 1 Tite + tet I tat ir OD

iridis Rusby y M. tenuicarpa Rusby y

AA para M. a i (Kunth) Markgr. var. peruviana aii y M. caurensis Mai

PALABRAS CLAVE: Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae, Mesechiteae, Mandevilla, Colombia

ABSTRACT

feh M. Sisi 4 À 2 MA h;

ynor g y 1. A total of 49 taxa are recognized, including two

new species, M. nacarema, and M. puyumato. À key to the species, taxon if given f ies, including the dis-

: PO era HN do Par T ic: l1f£f.-TY

$3 d x n hd do Essi. AM i Rush

P Zr o T 2 E E

are selected for M. Pies eit hcl ; Yl ane ensis Markgr

O E o

KEY WORDS: Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae, Mesechiteae, Mandevilla, Colombia

Colombia es el segundo pes con mayor epu biológica en Sur América (superado solamente por Brasil),

en el cual se tien 28,000 especies de plantas (Rangel 2005). En el caso de la fa-

milia Apocynaceae, Mi E y Rauvoliicutess (sensu Enas et de md se apena un

total aproximado de 45 géneros y 246 esp les, en prep.)

Mesechiteae) el más numeroso.

En su contexto actual, Mandevilla (Apocynoideae: Mesechiteae) es un género con ca. 162 especies, de las

cuales 63 ) pertenecen al subgénero Exothost y 99 taxones al subgénero > Mandela En los ultimos anos,

vario 1 1 y g ( g., Simões et al. 2004, ad

aumentaron la cantidad de espaces. a HMM a la sinonimia d

tidades diferentes ( g. M ll. Arg., Quiotania he , Telosiphonia (Woodson) Henrickson). El

numero total actual de PRIN es ligeramente mayor, dado que existen varios taxones sin describir en Sur

América, principalmente en Brasil y en la Cordillera de los Andes.

La filme monogmia del suero (Woodson 1933) noun un total de 16 especies para UE Como

parte de]

Colombia, d género

tins Un total m d taxones son reportados (15 de eo pei, bado la: sinonimia renal, así

p p or de los

4 E

Caracter, ES . 3 : 1 1 1: .z > P | z £ t

TM : t Ä nf trahain

grafía del género (Morales: sin publ.), por lo que pueden diferir de Ts j

previos (e.g., Woodson 1933, 1936). En la clave, los términos “generalmente” o *usualmente;" indican pre-

dominancia de un caracter o de una medida, pero no su exclusividad.

———À le ub RE e

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 521 - 543, 2011

1 po ee |

Liai 1 L 4 1 L » » | i 1 f. A 1

: a d 1 : 1 1 "t i. 74 a.

| kK y 1 . £ g g p

2. ru infundibuliforme.

É EE Enh 1 Sk TS h "BN

Sánala< 2-25 "a! I^ i. hat la hi d.

4. Sépalos 3

, la parte inferior del tubo 7-8 mm de largo

M. albo-viridis

4. Sépalos 4-9 mm de largo; lóbulos de la corola morados, la parte inferior del tubo 19-31 mm de largo |

AT IT : x ATTN FOOL 1

5 Corol illa i la parte inf del tubo 1031 mm de largo, la parte superior

bio mm de Minim me m diámetro an 10-20 l orifici AG Min de largo o — 3 liviensis |

sc di i s parte inferior del tubo 5-7, 3 mm de

lama d E p ior 5-6 M ME go, con diámetro de 4 6,6 mm ; 4,9-5,1 mm de i

largo M. riparia |

2. Corola hipocrateriforme.

6 c ; n 1 j 3: 1 di 1 Y n 1 i 2:2 1 1 BA s. L A

la corola. |

7. Corolas con el tubo 2-3 mm E no M. jasminiflora

7. Corolas con el tubo 18-22 m

neon con a superfi icie abaxial glabra sépalos 1 A mm de largo M. cercophylla |

f | épalos 3-5 mmdelargo —— M.montamņa |

6. Estambres i | itad imal del tubo. cerca de la hase |

9. Sépalos 3 A d f ee r va i ^ x i E» a 1 ‘ear

de la "iind dadas ee durante la tes M. paisae

Sépalos " :4 Le a 1 [ 1 f

inci aún java de caerse el pedice

10. Brácteas 5-18(-21) x 1-2 mm, Specs lóbulos de la corola 13-22 x 3,5-5,7 mm; anteras 3-3,2 mm de |

largo pubescens |

10. Brácteas 3-7(-8,6) x 1-1,4(-1,6) mm, escariosas; lóbulos de la corola 7,5-11 x 4,5-7 mm; anteras ca. 5 mm

de largo M. bogotensis

1 Hojas 1 lá i | dicenh 4 LPS bod ; POE eee HU I | te alao f

kh Y 1 IA L: 1 £ >> ri j: 1 € Z t L 4 E

basal total del sépalo). 3

1% Ages verticiladas.

2.H €

— en verticilos de 4, láminas 1-3 mm de ancho; sépalos 1-1,4 mm de largo; corola con un

O 6-9 mm en el orificio

12 Heed ance en verticilos de 3, laminas 4-9 mm d

M. annulariifolia

e ancho; sépálos 2,5-3 mm de largo; corola con un £

iit 12-13,5 mm en el orificio M. thevetioides

Tl. iss opue

3. Corola seni teriforme.

14. — o generalmente mats 10-42 x 2 5-5 n mm.

15.1 :

garg ares 7-16 mm de ancho, las venas terciarias |

usualmente no evidentes. M.aridam

LEA pan he m cor "m llos, la gargant | j jada; láminas foli 15-92 mm

uy sah aie! y i 4 1 gl E nm 4 + f la pubes- £

ncia cuando pes Visible. can atimantn: ing E M E h lenta a I

utamente puberulenta a I

, Sabre folículos glabros M.rugello? —

a . 1 " 1 “A 1 £^ | $

rcidamente hirsutos a glabrescentes

14. P forales generalmente escariosas, 0,7-8 x

17. Lám

M. villosa

minas foliares Ll T ii mm

ncho; o; pecíolos 1- -25 mm de largo M. colombia? -

18. lóbulos de lac | alg |

28 mm de largo.

19. Pedicelos os mm de largo

19. Pedicelos 3-7,5 mm de la argo.

20. isla ,9-4,1 x 1,

TEE EE

M. longip®

Une UR TESI i e. eee E EN

1-2 5 cm. la bas dar n 1

mentulosas abaxialmente; tubo 15- 22 mm de largo; ramitas jóvenes cilíndricas a

ds ilíndrica

ín xerophyti

20. sena foliares 8, * 11x 3 43, 9 cm, la base sagitad

025-32 Aa b

f£ 1 I

mente aplanadas y sulcadas cuando jovenes. subcilíndricas y levemente acostilladas o

anguladas cuando vie ejas

_antioquiaW

Morales c: S usc. gé AA dail fal hi 523

18. I! hil d rojizo ill ii7^-anaran iadac

4 c

21. Pecíolos 13-28 mm de largo M. pavonii

21. Pecíolos 3-10 mm de largo.

22. Tubo de la corola 13-15 largo; el ápice del botón floral anct gud b

M. nevadana

22- Tuhn de | la 2N_24 ^al ET Mas caa | 1 A o a

3 2 y

comen acuminado ? apiculado.

23 — A igmática 1,8-2,2

mm de largo; inflorescencias con las flores relativamente laxamente diepuastes

M. subsagittata

3 Láminas foliares obtusas a | fi Asdracamrirmiardac h 1 +

levemente , J

sbs:l ingl " iss d a ad " zi

mática hasta 1,3 g

aglomeradas M. rugellosa

13. Corola Minds e

24. Brácteas florales 11-68 x 1,5-19 mm, foliáceas a subfoliáceas.

Sépalos 7-18 mm de largo.

26. Brácteas florales 44-68 mm de viet a M. megabracteata

26. sins florales 11-35 mm de longitud.

7. Part superior del tubo de la Ga 15-21 mm de largo; folículos libres, solo unidos en el

M. hirsuta

ra lo ongitud M. sagittarii

25. sépalos * pe "e de hsrt

| la 7 m de largo M. lancibracteata

28. Parte eina del tubo de la corola 14-36 mm de largo.

n la base Te a redondeada M. javitensis

29. Hois con la base corda

30. Tallos viej t p EEN i ^ ; : p

levada ( illa) 75 85r mm de largo M. steyermarkii

E elevada; — 3 e 6 mm de largo.

on un diámetro de 14-22 mm en la boca M. bracteata

31; Láminas foliares con a indt acuminado a caudado-acuminado; corola con un

metro de 9,5-11 mm en la boca M. moritziana

24. ipu ee 1-5-8) x ^ 5-1,5(-2) mm, escariosas.

33. Hoj 1 | ápice agudo; fl ésiles; arb ct M. nacarema

33. Uni 1 arlaec A n n n a 5 n n

apicalmente; flores con s pad 1- 1, 5 mm de largo; lianas M. caquetana

32. Lá baxial

34. Hojas con peciolos 55-135 mm de largo M. callista

34. Hojas con peciolos hasta 35 mm de largo.

35. Ramitas jóvenes conpicuamente alada M. nerioides

35. Ramitas jóvenes nunca aladas

36. Hoj d | larias y terciari id M. vanheurckii

37. Corola con un dismeto de + 2 mm en la boca,

_lamente acostillados longer M. lancifolia

E longitudinalmente.

o Parte superior del tuba de la poro HN -26) mmdelargo____________ M. trianae

9 mm de largo M. puyumato

9. 5 LI i t 2

41. Parte inferior del tubo ud la o bind mm de sm láminas foliares

mm de larg M. arcuata

41. Parte inferior del tubo de le corola 491 mm = largo aminas wea

usualmente glauco-t

largo

37. Corola con un diámetro de 14-28 mm n la boca.

42. Hojas linear a linear-elíptica: gasq

M. schlimii

M. gracilis

a B Sal. D H ID hi titit ST, cm

524 T

42. Hojas de varias f p li de 4 más largas que anchas.

LES 1 + BE A

jas g g

44. Venas secundarias más o menos perpendiculares en relación al nervio

central; lóbulos blancos, blanco-rosados a acrem M. caurensis

ere n . ag

lóbulos m ou edlen iL o M. cuneifolia

"m!

£- j; L cl ns rial

“tubo de la corola Scr mm de largo _ 20.9 weise — — —-- M.Sanch- aras

dal de vint la 16-

45. |

mm de largo.

46. Sépal

es E PE | £ Askar SA o E dal

semillas 13-16 mm de larg M. symphitocarpa

i ha vagal 1,5-3, 5 mm de largo; folículos 3-23 cm de largo;

millas 6-12 mm de largo.

i. ies con el ápice no cuida o mucronulado, el mucrón

ausente.

48. Hojas con la. base generalmente cordada a n:

4—4,8 mm de larg M. speciosa

48. Hojas i ha base gen ramente a: a mee,

2 mm de la argo

o mm de larg

M. subcarnosa

47. Hojas con el peo A o mucronulado, el mucrón

diminuto pero evident

49. Foliculos moniliformes, conspicuamente sricolrdos, con

de largo M. mollissima

49. F icci | no articulados,

sin lineas oscuras longitudinales; semilas 10-12 mm de largo

M. scabra

€ albo-viridis ER keep Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:69. 1932. Dipladenia albo-viridis Rusby,

scr. S. Amer. Pl. 86. 1920. TIPO: 22 ene 1899 (fl), H. Smith 1904 (HOLOTIPO: NY, per-

is en 1978; LECTOTIPO, its aquí: K eie INB}).

Distribucion y habitat. cian lc en bosq I levaci lrededor de m m.

Mandevilla albo-viridis, aicolección ti : noct

con facilidad por sus hojas cordadas a subcordadas en 25 haces í con A les aglomerados en la base del

La Ao 7-8

nervio central, sépalos de 33,5 mm de largo y , con lap ior del tubo de /

mm de largo.

El holotipo de esta especie se perdió en un envío de material entre Estados Unidos y Venezuela en 1978.

Por lo tanto, se selecciona como el lectotipo, el único duplicado conocido y depositado en el Herbario de Kew

(K), Inglaterra.

Mandevilla annulariifolia Woodson, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18:168—169. 1958. Tiro: COLOMBIA. VAUPÉS: río Apaporis

Cachivera de Jirijirimo, 16 sep 1951 (fl, fr), R. Schultes & I. Cabrera 14013 (HOLOTIPO: MO; ISOTIPOS: COL, NY, US)

a y "es Ben de Colombia, S de Venezuela y NO de Brasil, en! hümedos y vegetación

mo m.

Yd n Dati es 1 A Ps MODUS F 41 habitat

H E )J adas v E nudo) af irc

rectrinoid n : fel ; E L ati Lt. . on hojas

verticiladas y aún no reportadas para Colombia (M. filifolia Monac., M. benthamii (A. DC) K. Schum. y M. art

cam

unensis Morillo), de las cuales M. annularifolia se separa por sus hojas glabras, e inflorescencias sésiks? |

subsésiles.

Espe i >

. 1

Maimachi. Serranía del N

18 jul 1979 (fl, fr), Zarucchi 2492 oe COL, HUA, K, MA, WAG).

antioquiana J.F. Morales, aie Erde Pot Madrid 62:65, fig. 1. 2005. Tipo: COLOMBIA. ANTIQQUÉ. |

Municipio Campamento, Vereda Llandas

, 7 sep 1989 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 8294 (HOLOTIPO: HUA).

a Mia i

is, Jirijirimo, 25 nov 1951 (fI), García-Barriga 13750 (COL, US). Guainl* |

erro Minas, 7 abr 1993 (fD, Barbosa & Madeiitn 8354 (COL, GH, MO). Vaupés: Mitú, río Parana-Pichur. |

Morales Si ad AA Anil fal Le 525

Distribución y habitat —Endémica, creciendo en b húmed levaci de 1650-1850 m.

Mandevilla antioquiana se puede confundir con con M. tiigis ya que ambas tienen hojas morfológica-

mente similares y corolas blancas, pero la primera especie se reconoce con facilidad por sus pedicelos mucho

más cortos (3,5-7,5 mm vs. 10-24 mm)

E i i inados: Anti ia: d lidos (fl, fr), Toro s.n. (MEDEL)

F F A £

Mandevilla arcuata A. Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71:1079. 1984. Tiro: PERÚ. Amazonas: Valle del río Santiago,

cerca de Caterpiza, 200 m, 29 ene 1980 (fl, fr), S. Tunqui 674 (HOLOTIPO: MO; ISOTIPOS: USM, WAG

Distribución y hábitat.—S de Colombia y Perú iend I hümedos, en elevaciones de 150—800

P4 ? 1 4

Mandevill ] fundir en Colombi M. schlimii, ya que ambas tienen hojas con la base

usualmente cuneada a m" y corola con un diámetro de 5-12 mm en la boca, sin embargo, la primera espe-

cie se puede reconocer con facilidad por sus hojas glabras abaxialmente (vs. diminuta y densamente glauco-

tomentulosas) y con las venas secundarias levemente impresas y las terciarias no evidentes (vs. conspicua-

mente eem.

E : inados: Amazonas: La Chorrera, río Igara-Parona, 18 jun 1874 (fl, fr), Sastre 3399 (COL, P). Caquetá:

encia. ae a Sardina, 30 mar 1940 (fl), 8924 (COL, F, US).

Mandevilla aridana J.F. Morales, Candoliea - zh LE qe Tipo: COLOMBIA. S B ga, Los Cayenos,

16 oct 1977 (fl), E. Rentería et al. 73

jeep Y ipsi giras aC SE iendo enl levaci de 300-950 m.

llosa (Rich) L. Ats y M. villosa (Miers) Woodson, pero se

separa por sus hojas plabrescentes (vs. pubescentes) y parolas blancas. Adicionalmente, M. aridana crece en

bosques Secos, mientra húmedos.

d F 1 2

Especi I i inados: S der: Pailas, 5 km S de Pie de Cuesta, 16 dic 1948 (fD, Araque & B kley 236 (MEDEL, MO,

US).

Mandevilla bogotensis pap paa Ann. Missouri Bot: Opa: 19:73. 1932. Echites bogotensis Kunth, Nov. Gen.

Sp. (quarto ed.) 3:215, t. 243. 1 Arg., Linnaea 30:452. 1860. Anartia bogotensis (Kunth)

Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 82. 1878. TIPO: COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: cerca de Santa Fé de Bogotá, s.d. (fl), A. Humboldt & A

Bonpland s.n. (HOLOTIPO: P-HB [foto F neg. 38736]; ISOTIPO: US).

Dipladenia achrestogyne Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 18:543-544. 1931. Mandevilla achrestogyne (Woodson) Woodson, Ann.

Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:677. 1933, ou nov. TIPO: COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: cañón rocoso, Chapinero, cerca de Bogotá, 2800—

2900 m, 18-23 sep 1917 (fl), F. Pi (HOLOTIPO: NY [fotografía, INB]).

Mandevilla subpaniculata Wood Ann. Missouri Bot Cad: 19:71. 1932, syn. no

Hofmus, 7(1-2):5. 1892, nom. illeg., non Kunth (1818[1819]). Tiro: ECUADOR. PICHINCHA: Tambillo, 9 jul 1878 (fl), Jelski 32 (Ho-

LOTIPO: W; ISOTIPO: K [fotografía, INB]).

25 hyllus Zahlbr., Ann. K.K. Naturhist

Distribución y hábitat. —NO de Venezuela, Colombia y Ecuador, en bosques montanos y premontanos, entre

350-3000 m

Mandevilla bogotensis se puede confundir con M. pubescens, pero se separa por sus brácteas florales, sé-

palos y corolas más pequeñas. Adicionalmente, es algo similar a M. paisae, pero esta ültima especie tiene sé-

palos mucho más anchos medialmente.

Dipladenia achrrestogyne y M. subpaniculata son reducidas a la sinonimia, pues sus colecciones tipo no

difieren del tipo de E. beg

Especimenes dos Cordillera Oriental, entre San Miguel y La Aguadita, 21 Abr 1946 (fl, fr),

Garcia- -Barriga 12103 (COL, INB, US). Putumayo: entre Sachamates y San Francisco de Sibundoy, yea ME d 30 Dic 1940 (fI),

Cuatrecasas 11443 (COL, F, US). Valle: Cordillera Occidental, Las Brisas, monte El Tabor, 19 Oct 1946 (fl), , F, MO,

US, VALLE).

Mandevilla boliviensis (Hook. f) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:716. 1933. Dipladenia boliviensis Hook. f.,

Bot. Mag. 95:t. 5783. 1869. Tipo: BOLIVIA: d perdidos (fl), R. Pearce 708 (HOLOTIPO: K [fotografía, MO]).

526

Mandevilla bella (Pittier) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:717. 1933. Dipladenia bella Pitti ash. Acad. Sci. 21:141. 1931. Tipo;

La Cruz, 2300 m, 28 ago—4 sep1918 (fl), H. Pen ai US).

Mandevilla cereola Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:712. 1933. Tipo: BOLIVIA. La PAZ: región de Mapiri, San Carlos, 29 ene 1929

), O. Buchtien 1737 iaa US; ISOTIPO: HBG)

Mandevilla ur Woodson, tier: Bot. Gard. 23:378. 1936. TiPO: heec RICA. — — = Tuís, nov 1897 (fl), H.

Pittier les, Brittonia 50:220. 1

Distribución y hábitat.—Costa Rica, Colombia a Venezuela y Bolivia, en d húmedos a muy húmedos y

bosques nubosos entre 200-2000 m

: 1 y 1 a La E at - foal

E, F g. J o al,

1 PA ANS TEN 1 r

hojas glabras y con la b ada a oł y las bl O p I Colombia

se m separar por las rage con | léteres distribuidos a lo | del tral.

E jira: S ía de Macuira, 26 jul 1977 (fl), ASA 91 (COL, MO).

Mandevilla bracteata (Kunth) Kuntze, Tons sod Pl. 2:414. 1891. Echites bracteatus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (cuarto ed)

3:217. 1818 [1819]. E n, Gent. Hist. 4:82. 1838. TIPO: COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: cerca de

Mariquita, jun 1801 (fl, fr), A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. ipea P-HB [foto F neg. 38735]).

Mandevilla attenuata Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 89-90. 1920. Tipo: COLOMBIA. A Partidas y Valparaíso, 2 jun 1899

(£D, H. Smith 1663 (HOLOTIPO: NY; ISOTIPOS: CM, F [foto, INB], G, GH, K, MICH, MO, P [2 pliegos], US, W, WIS.

Distribución y hábitat. —Endémica a Colombia, en bosques muy húmedos, entre 1200-2200 m.

En general, esta especie es FEDERN con M. mollissima, otro taxón Eoceno ape: similar y

endémica a Colombia, pero M.

Timba y Suarez, río Cauca, 25 abr 1992 (fl), Ramos & Reyna 3636 (CUVC, MO).

Candamo Bogota, río Hacha, 1844 (fl), Linden 1614 (P). Huila: Embalse de Betania, 9 jun 1987 (fl, fr), Rojas et al. 111 (COL).

lena: San Sebastián de Rábago, 6 mar 1948 (fl, fr), Romero-Castañeda 875 (COL, F, MO, US). Nariño: entre Aponte y Tablón, río

pul 18 dic 1944 (fl), Ewan 16650 (BM, MO [2 pliegos], US). Valle: Cerro de las cols cerca de Cali, 21 may 1944 (fl), Killip &

Cuatrecasas 38398 (COL, F, MO, US, VALLE).

Mandevilla callista Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:700. 1933. Tiro: COLOMBIA. B : El Humbo, al N

Bogota, 25 mar 1933 (fl), A. Lawrence 710 (HOLOTIPO: F [2 pliegos, fotos F neg. 59199, 59200]; isoTipos: G [fotografía, INB], GH, d

[fotografía, INB]).

ee y MMC um: doing. b hümed h tre 400-1800 m

Colombia, por el gran tamaño de sus hojas

iia ae y conspicuamente penses basalmente, con los a NE a zi eh del nervio

HI 1 1x1 TOS

central, blanco y y rosal

rosado-morados a ARAM distalmente.

A e nT

P F ibara, río Cuevas, 14 jul 1987 (fI), Sánchez et al. 1414

(HUA, MEDEL). Boyacá: NO de Bogota, 8 jun 1932 (f1), teen 182 (E, G, GH [2 pliegos], MO, NY, US). Cundinamarca: Albán, vereda

Java, Granjas del Padre Luna, 18 may 2002 (fl), Betancur et al. 9609 (COL). Putumayo: La Tortuga, 25 abr 1935 (fl), Garcia-Barriga 4626

( L

caque

banas del Yari, Chorro de la Gamitana, 7-14 abr 1997 (fl), A. Arbeláez et al. 832 (+

tana J.F. Morales, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3:567, f. " 2009. TIPO: AAA — Solano, s

UA).

Distribución y habitat —Endémica a Colombia, en vegetació iada a afl i tre 350-750 m.

Esta especie puede confundirse con Mandevilla nacarema, ya que ambas comparten hojas con las vena

terciarias no evidentes, así como Rupees con brácteas florales escariosas y corolas amarillas, pero M

caquetana se separa por mucronado, redondeado-mucronado a emarginado-mu-

cronado (vs. agudas), flores felit (ss. sésiks) y hábito EE phe Miis El poe Mandevilla ob-

hos Monach. (endémica a Venezuela) h

1 ierra de Chiribiquete, de las Pinturas, 21 Ago 1992 (fr), Palacios et al. 2404

1 €

(COAH, COL, P.

Morales, c; PST] | gé AA pee | Pat ki 527

Mandevilla caurensis Markgr., Notizbl. Bot "Gert. Berlin-Dahlem 9:87. 1924. TiPo: VENEZUELA. BOLÍVAR: Caura,

cerca de Santa Lucía, 7 dic 1901 (fl), P. B , foto F neg. 4522]). AMAZONAS: Atures, carretera

Puerto Ayacucho-Samari iapo, al S de La Tortuga, Te ene 1993 (fl, fr), A. Grüger & J. Mutke 715 (NEOTIPO, designado aquí: M; ISONE-

OTIPOS: BONN, MO, VEN).

Distribución y hábitat. —E de Colombia y el SO de Venezuela, creciendo en vegetació iada a formaciones

graniticas, en elevaciones de 0-300 m

Mandevilla caurensis es un taxón restringido a afloramientos graníticos en la cuenca baja amazónica,

donde llega a perder las hojas totalmente durante el inicio de la floración. Esta especie se distingue por sus

k t K t ; S Lal, " 1 J : als 5 1 t

>» HOJAS E > P 5

t 1 4 1 1 LI

F PA

i A : P | y A E A + sA y Muf A

Un neotipo g , dado que el p g Mundial y no se local-

a pe ds A Mini 1 1 1

Esp p los: Guainá: al S de C lito, río Orinoco, 22 jun 1984 (fl), Davidse & Miller 26397 (VEN). Vichada:

parqu i 1 El Tuparro del lab io, 25 feb 1985 (fl, fr), Z i & Barbo sa 3387 (COAH, INB, MO).

Mandevilla cercophylla Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:61. 1932. Tipo: PERÚ. HUANUCO: Casapi, 1835 (fl, fr),

A. Mathews 1978 (HOLOTIPO: CGE; ISOTIPOS: E, K

Distribución y habitat —SO de Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, en bosq y húmedos y bosq l ,entre

1600-2500 m.

Pupilo encarna se pasar reconocer por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: hojas con la base

aguda, del io central, la lámina glabra y con la venación secundar-

ia apenas impresa calienta, usualmente inconspicua adaxialmente y corolas hipocrateriformes, con los

estambres insertos en la parte distal, justo antes de la boca.

Especi los:Valle del Cauca: Santa Helena, Topacio, parq ional Cali, 10 dic 1985 (fI), Gentry et al. 53040

(CUVC, INB, MO, WAG).

Mandevilla colombiana J.F. Morales, Sida 21:1538, f. 2. 2005. Tiro: COLOMBIA. A Puerto S

Chorrera, al SO de Araracuara, 24 nov 1993 (fl), D. Cárdenas et al. 4206 (HOLOTIPO: INB; ISOTIPOS: COAH, COL).

Distribución y hábitat. —Endémica, getació iada a afl i tre 50-350 m.

Mandevilla colombi de | i ás fáciles d en Colombia, por sus hojas linear-

elípticas y su habitat ingid bajas de | 5nica. En esa región, se puede confundir con

M. h otro taxón de hojas ea pero que se separa por sus hojas verticiladas (vs. opuestas en M.

colombian

Especimenes rey i abe FUSE NESSUN río Caquetá, Araracuara, nov 1982 (fI), Idrobo et al. 11265 (COL). Caquetá: Solano,

Paujíl, río Caquetá, NO de A 3 dic 1993 (fl, fr), Arbeláez & Sueroque 505 (COAH, COL, HUA, INB, U)

Mandevilla cuneifolia Woodson, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18:169. 1958. Tipo: COLOMBIA. VAUPÉS: río Piraparaná, Caño

Teemeeña, 6 sep 1952 (fl), R. Schultes & I. Cabrera 17234 (HOLOTIPO: MO; ISOTIPOS: COL, US)

Distribución y hábitat. —NE de Colombia (Vaupés) y el N de Brasil, en vegetación asociada a afloramientos

sraníticos, en elevaciones bajo los 300 m.

Esta especie es muy similar a M. scabra,

a po s. cordada a subcordada), glabras 7 peteiübuente pubescentes. —€— así como por sus

inf p olombia, este t po y fuera de

este país, solo se conocen 2 colecci de | tados de Amazonas y Roraima en Brasil.

Ma La Da } A

Mandevilla paa (Kanth) J E Morales, Sida 21:1540, f. 3. 2005. Echites gracilis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3:219.

1818 [181 h) G. Don, Gent. Syst. 4:82. 1838. Tiro: VENEZUELA. A AS: inter Cataractas Ature et

INB])

Shute rio Orinoco, may y (fi fr), A. Humboldt s.n. (HOLOTIPO: I

Mandevilla linearis N. E. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 6:48. 1901. TIPO: GUYANA: Valle Kotinga, 1894 (fl), McConnel & Quelch 194

(LECTOTIPO, designado por Morales, Sida 21:1541. 2005: K [fotografía, INB]).

528 i i Texas 50)

Distribución y habitat Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana y Brasil, en sabanas y vegetació iada a afl ien

tos rocosos, entre 750—1400 m.

Mandevilla gracilis se puede reconocer con facilidad por sus hojas con la lámina linear-elíptica a linear,

A : e A 1 . 1 e l:L EY

1 : i £4 t

amarillas. El nombre M. leptophylla (A. DC.) K. Schum. (endémica a Brasil) ha sido incorrectamente aplicado

t 4 detall 5 1 Rh

F E | J J

E : A inados: €. q aquetá, lOd Paujil, 3 dic 1988 (st), Sánchez et al. 1914 (COAH)

Mandevilla hirsuta (Rich.) K. Schum., Nat. Frida. 4(2):171. 1895. jade Mrs Behi Actes Soc. Hist. Nat.

Paris 1:107. 1792. Echites richardii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4:391. 1819, nom. illeg. A , Apocyn. S

Amer. 185. 1878. Tipo: GUYANA FRANCESA: Cayenne, 1792 p Leblond s.n. (LECTOTIPO, designado por Allorge, Phytologia

84:305. 1998: P-LA [fotografia, INB]; ISOLECTOTIPOS: C, G-DC [foto F neg. 26863], P [2 pliegos])

Distribución y hábitat. —México a Brasil, Paraguay y Bolivia, en bosques húmedos a muy húmedos entre

a eas á 4 del g 5 1 1 if TR Ee

I la y cordada, con

indümetito variable, — dispuestos a lo € mis nervio > central, Re con brácteas florales y

pue foliáceos o y flores p de color de la corola

nlag garganta rnia ,aunque &ih £ ] HI crema

J LLILIUSY DidiilCcU-ticiàá

pueden ser encontradas.Un listado completo de la sinonimia actual de esta especie puede ser consultada en

Morales (20072).

O del , 2 jul 1967 (fr), Plowman & Martin 136 (GH). Antioquia: carretera San

Cation: San Rafael, 25 oct 1987 (fl), Brant & Roldán 1499 (COL, HUA, MA, MO, USF). Boyaca: Sant vieta vex mt DM Nes €

Santa María a Cuchilla TEES 2 nov ent he ig re Tochoy et al. 400 (COL, INB). Caldas: N Miel

n 1999 (fl, fr), V , vereda Villarás, entre priors eam 26 nov 1993 (fb. Ramírez et al. 5667 (JAUM,

MO). Casanare: Tet de San Martín, 30 sep 1916 ba aig E (K). Chocó: río San Juan, cerca de Andagoya, 14 abr 1979 (fI), Forero etal.

5265 (COL, INB, MO). Córdoba: Ayapel, entre La acienda nid 3 abr 1990 (fl), Marulanda 2036 (HUA). Guajira: Sierra

Nevada de Marta, entre Taki San Miguel y Pueblo Viejo, 17 ago 1986 (fI), Cuadros & Gentry 2795 (MO). Guaviare: San José del

Guaviare. i laF g Filo del Hambre Er mar 1996 (fD. I ópez et al. 1233 (COAH, COL). Meta: Los Llanos, SE de Orocué, 15 abr

1939 (fD, Hah 2768 (COL, MO, US). Nariño: Cabo s 6 jul 1952 (fl), Castaneda 3152 (COL). Putumayo: río Putumayo,

río Mocoa, 7 ago 1964 (fl), Soejarto 1230 (COL). Santand LaS 12 go 1977 (fl), Fatis 527 bn Valle: me 194

(£D, oe, 16434 (COL, F, MO, US, VALLE). Vaupés: San Joss del Guaviare, 11 nov 1939 (fl 7 (COL). Vichada: Las

Gaviotas, 11 jun 1976 (fl, fr), Zarucchi 1685 (COAH).

Mandevilla jasminiflora Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 273. 1941. Tiro: COLOMBIA. QuINDio: sin localidad

exacta, feb 1937 (fl), E. Dryander 2145 (HOLOTIPO: US [fragmento, MO].

Quiotania colombiana Zarucchi, Novon 1:33, fig. 1. 1991, syn. nov. TIPO: COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: La Unión, carretera Sonsón al

Unión, 8 dic 1986 (fl), J. Zarucchi & N. Bedoya 4510 (HOLOTIPO: HUA; ISOTIPOS: COL n., K nv., MO, US).

Distribución y hábitat. ndun a pauio en pases nubosos, entre 1850—2900 m.

I para Colombia, M. jasminiflora se puede reconocer con far

cilidad por el ido de sus flores, las cual den los 4mm de largo. En términos s generales, en ci

se puede confundir con una Forseronia (por el tamaño kde las flores), p res

cias cimosas.

Quiotania colombiana fue tratado incorrectamente como un sinónimo de M. Hrs Woods "m

Simões, et al. (2007), otra especie diferente endémica a Ecuador

por la forma de la corola, ya que M. jasminiflora tiene corolas VELA mientras au M. pando

tiene corolas infundibuliformes.

Esp

t4 o3 Pe

, corregimiento Alta Vista, cabeceras Quebrada la Picacha, 23 abr 1997 (4

fr), Rodríguez et al 590 (HUA, INB, JAUM). ada: Betulia,

vereda San Bernardo, 6 feb 2000 (st), Velásquez & Trujillo 1275 (JAUM).

Mandevilla javitensis (Kunth) K. Schum. , Nat Pflanzenfam. 4(2):171. 1895. Echites javitensis Kunth, Nov. Ge + |

(quarto ed.) 3:220. 1818 [1819]. Exothostemon javitense (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4:82. 1838. Tipo: VENEZUELA. AMAZONAS TÍ

wi n

M | e: a E AA d dm fal Li: 529

Temi, cerca de Jav

ta (Misi 10 ño perdido (fl), A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland 970 (LECTOTIPO, designado por

Morales, An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 64:156. 2007: a Vino 38737

ane spruceana pon Arg., Fl. Bras. 6:143. 1860. lía TEM (Müll. Arg.) K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (2):171.

L. AMAZONA ct 1852—ene 1853 (fl), R. Spruce 2863 (LECTOTIPO, designado por

ves An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 64:156. 2007: CGE: ISOLECTOTIPOS: K [2 pliegos], P, W [fotografía, INB]).

Mandevilla stephanotidifolia Woodson, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: icd 1958. Tipo: COLOMBIA. VAUPÉS: río SACR Cachivera de Jirijirimo y

alrededores, 16 sep 1951 (fl), R. Schultes & I. Cal

EM y hábitat. —SE de Colombia, S de Venezuela y N de Brasil, en vegetación asociada a afloramientos

TOCOSOS o i d bl , entre med m.

E] peer arid : A " ator } 1

distribuidos a b iii del nervio central, la limina con la base otos e itifipressenidias e con bracteas florales

foliáceas te t rra con pa hasta = mm de ced Otros! taxones - habían sido

gregi I ] la form f id p Morales (2007b).

Especi p i inados: Amazonas: La Pedrera, río Caquetá, cerro Yupati, 9 mar 1990 (fl), Galeano et al. 2019 (COL,

HUA, NY). Guainía: Maimachi, S lel Naquén, 12 abr 1993 (fl), Barbosa & Madriñán 8428 (GH, INB, MO). Vaupés: Mitú, río Pararná-

Pichuna, 2 jul 1975 (fr), Zarucchi 1375 (COL, GH, K).

Mandevilla lancibracteata bris Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 300. 1953. Tipo: VENEZUELA. TÁCHIRA: entre Las Delicias y

Paraguita, río Táchira, 12 jul 1944 F [foto F neg. 51180], VEN).

Mandevilla lata Markgr., Acta i piot Tan 6(1-4):71. 1971 Je pu nov. TIPO: VENEZUELA. FALCON: Sierra de San Luis, S de La

Tabla, 16 jul 1967 (fl), J. Steyermark 98942 NB]; ISOTIPO: VEN [fotografía, INB]).

Distribución y hábitat.— Colombia y Venezuela, en ł húmed bosos, entre 1300-1700 m.

Mandevilla lancibracteata se puede confundir con nM. moritziana, pero se separa por sus corolas con la

parte inferior del tubo de 7-9 mm de largo (vs. 14-20 mm) y hojas no bulladas (vs. generalmente bulladas).

Santander: Tona, sitio El Mortiño B Cúcuta, 20 jun 2004 (fl), Betancur et al. 10757 (COL).

Especi N de S d Toledo y Santa Inés, 30 mar 1987 (fl), Lozano et al. 5447 (COL, INB).

Mandevilla lancifolia Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:74. 1932. Tipo: VENEZUELA. AMAZONAS: Puerto

Ayacucho, may 1931 (fl), E. Holt & E. Blake 819 (HOLOTIPO: MO; ISOTIPOS: NY, US)

pub demas Woodson var. calva Monac., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10:133. 1958. Tipo: ocn AMAZONAS: Región de

ando de Atabapo, Caño Cupueni, río Orinoco, 12 nov 1953 (fl), B. Maguire et al. 36208 F [foto F

neg. 51181], K, US

Mandevilla angustissima Markgr., Acta Bot. Venere 13:354-355. 1978. Tipo: VENEZUELA. A lel aero de P

Ayacucho, 6 may 1973 (fl), G. Morill 1 (HOLOTIPO: Z; ISOTIPO: VEN).

i : : s als " A aloria

Distribución y hábitat.—SE de Colombia y S de Venezuela, b y bosq g :

en olea: de iiic m

;n . 1 nu , linear cec líp f

presentar iiia

opuestas y con los cchpleres disteibuldoé alo meth deln nervio dalal así como BORER, con ra

escariosas y l lóbulos bl S M. gracilis, pero este último taxón tiene coro-

£-

las con lóbulos amarillos.

Especim I i inados: C á: Sol río Mesay. pain 25 nov 1995 ee PSE et al. 6868 (COAH,

O). Guaini a, Mavecuri, 6 mar toes (fl), Fi 1 ill 85 (fD, Idrobo

11837 hen nde Purina El Naranjal, sep 1997 (f1), uito xx. (COL). Vichada: El Tuparro, 29 ago 1979 ri Vincelli 1211 (COAH,

COL,

Mandevilla longi Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 35:233-234. 1948. Tipo: COLOMBIA. Boyaca: La Chapón,

27 jul 1932 (fl, fr), A. Lawrance 361 (HOLOTIPO: MO; ISOTIPOS: BM, F [fotocopia, INB]).

Distribución y hábitat. —Endémica al NO de Colombia, iendo enl I ] 800-1750 m.

Esta especie se ER con ee con M. “oe y M. xerophytica: de la puen se nps md

Mente por sus corolas blancas (vs. amarillas o amarillas n la boca roja) q g

Separar por sus flores con pedicdos 10-24 mm de largo (vs. 3-7,5 mm de largo).

530 i i (2)

q S 1 é-San Rafael, 26 oct 1987 (fl, fr), Brant & Roldan 1534

(HUA, INB, MO, USF). Boyacá: Togüi, vereda Cañar, 19 Ago 1978 (fl), Know 5 Row 48 (COL). Chocó: río San Juan, carretera Andagoya-

Condoto, cerca de Andagoya, 14 Abr 1979 (fl), Forero et al. 5232 (COL, INB, MO).

Mandevilla megabracteata J.F. Morales, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1:866, f. 4. 2007. Tiro: GUYANA: Región Potaro-

Siparuni, montañas Pakaraima, Mt. Wokomung, cabeceras de Wusupubaru creek, 17 feb 1993 (fl, fr), T. Henkel et al. 1447 (HOLO-

TIPO: INB; ISOTIPOS: MO, P, US).

Distribución y hábitat.— Colombia y Guyana, en bosques muy pues, a 200-130 m.

Esta especie se puede confundir con xi — yaq floral

foliáceas y conspicuas, pero M. meg p por sus tallos hirsutos y sépalos más largos

(9-10 mm vs. 2,5-3 mm). Una discusión más ext de la relació tros ta P consultada en

Morales (2007a).

Esp los: C Jagua de Ib da Alto de las Fl 9 mar 1996 (fl), Fernández-Alonso et al. 13186

(COL).

Mandevilla mollissima (Kunth) K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2):171. 1895. Echites mollissimus Kunth, Nov. Gen.

Sp. 3:218. 1818 [1819]. Exothostemun AS (Kunth) G. Don., Gent. Hist. 4:82. 1838. 82. TIPO: COLOMBIA. TOLIMA: entre

Honda y mina Santana (“Crescit inter Honda et fodinam Santannae”), julio, año perdido (fI), A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (HOLO-

TIPO: P-HB [foto F neg. 4536]; ISOTIPO: B [n.v., probablemente destruido]).

Distribución y hábitat. —Endémica, en bosques húmedos a muy húmedos, bosques nubosos, entre 900-2000

Esta especie se confunde comünmente con M. bracteata, otra especie endémica a Colombia, pero M.

n; 4 > | £. q A DO, | ta 1 1 5 fH 1 ri a

Lu La r

los: Antioquia: Barb Popalito, al NE de Medellín, 9 ago 2003 (fl, fr), Morales et al. 9444

(HUA, INB). Caldas: La Merced da La P bra, 3 ene 1991 (fl), Arias 71 timp Cauca: pape PR Inzá, parque arque-

ológico de San Andres, 15 abr 1953 (fl), lino 6 Weber 1346 (COL, MO, US) Vega, 1 abr 1

fr), García-Barriga 10965 (COL, MO [fotografía, S], US). Huila: SE de Al : de Guadalupe, 9 ene 1974 (fl), Gentry d d. 9001 (COL,

F, MO, Z). Ma : Curatacá, 9 mar 1948 (fl), Romero-Castañeda 911 (COL, F, MO). Nariño: Ri

nov 1995 (fl), — et al. 1289 (PSO, QCA). Putumayo: Sibundoy, 27 may 1935 (fr), García-Barriga 4710 (COL, US). Santander: Mesa

Los Santos, 21 nov 2001 (fr), Albesiano et BA 1123 ToS J — camino a Melgar, entre kononzo y eu "€ Monte, 18 abr 1946 (fl, à

i i 27 sex. US). Valle del C Blas, vereda Galilea, 29 dic 1 61 (US).

Mandevilla montana (Kunth) Markgr., — Bet. Gart. Seppe 9:82. 192.1 Fuer d Kunth, Nov.

Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3:213. 1818 [1819]. Tipo: COL , río Guaytara r), A. Humboldt

& A. Bonpland 2168 (HOLOTIPO: P-HB [foto F neg. 4527]; ISOTIPOS: F, P).

Mandevilla pogonocalyx Woodson, nom. nud.

Distribución y hábitat. —SO de Colombia y Ecuador, en b l d t 190-260 q m.

Uno de los taxones más pol recolectados en Coleus bia, Mandevill confundir

con M. cercophylla, pero se separa por sus fones con los ñas más grandes (3-5 vs. pi E mm), coro conel

tubo rojizo (vs. verde a verde-amarillento) y I VS

€

Popayán, finca La Lomita, 13 ene 2001 (fD, Díaz & Perdomo 1228 (COL, CAUP, INB).

Nariño: Pasto, Cebadal, carretera a Yacuanquer, 2 jun 1946 (fl), Schultes & Villareal 7933 (GH, MO, US).

Mandevilla moritziana (Müll. Arg.) Nen Sm. > Eram. Pl. Guatem. 3:50. 1893. Amblyanthera moritziana Mull. A8-

Linnaea 30:421. 1860. Tipo: VENEZUE le Vento Grande, s.d. (fl), Moritz 31 (HOLOTIPO: G-BOIS [foto F neg. 4528);

ISOTIPO: BM).

Distribución y hábitat. —N de Colombia y Venezuela, en bosques muy húmedos y bosques nubosos, entte

1500-1900 m de elevación.

Esta especie se confunde con M. lancibracteata, pero M. moritziana se separa por sus hojas bulladas,

sépalos más cortos, corolas con la parte inferior del tubo más larga y botones florales con el ápice agudo 0

cortamente apiculado.

Morales, c: p RB AA 1 “1 Pat hs 531

Esp I los:S der: La Corcova, Tona, 12 oct 1977 (f1), Merchán 665 (COL, MO); La Corcova, Tona, 12 oct

1977 (fl, fr), Renteria et al. 665 (COL, HUA [2 pliegos]).

nacarema J.F. Morales, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tiro: COLOMBIA. META: Sierra de la Macarena iento del

Norte, 6 feb 1950 (fl, fr), W. Philipson 2379 (HOLOTIPO: COL [fotografías, INB]; ISOTIPO: BM).

pedicellatis) differt.

J.F. Morales, cui affinis, folii p b Tu io f «e f.

Subarbusto, «lo ad erecto; ramitas AA y levemente aplanadas y papilado puberulentas cuando

jóvenes, cilí lricas y g glabras con la edad, usualmente sólidas; coléteres inter-

peciolares inconspicuos, hasta 0,4 mm de largo. Hojas cil opuestas; pecíolos hasta 0,9 mm de largo;

láminas foliares 1,5-3,5 cm x 5,5-9,5 mm, angostamente ovado-elípticas a angostamente ovadas, el ápice

agudo, la base cordada a area pe coléteres Ius m: a k largo del nervio central,

Hh A lah ; rlictribnid

, excepto por p

soba en la pane port no bulladas, sin deidad l má evoluto,

a venación terciaria no evidente. e

ligeramente e largas que las hojas subyacentes, —— inconspicua y pci puberulenta, con

asta 9 (o más) pedunculo 2 iles), brácteas 1,7-2,8 x 0,7-1 I

R largo del prvin t

mm, linear-ovadas, escariosas; sépalos 1,9-2,2 x «0, 7-0, 9 mm, ang , similares, el api

Ie no Voca escariosos, glabros externamente, con un coléter solitario,entero a subentero apicalmente;

, amarilla, glabra externamente, el tubo algo giboso basalmente, la parte inferior 14—

15x 1,8-2,8 mm, la parte superior 14-15 mm de largo lada, con un diámetro de 7,5-

8,5 mm en la ia el ae qe besa floral cortamente e acuminado; lóbulos pnl: x 110-11 mm, o

aparent,

anieras 33,2 mm de largo, glabras d ah nte, la b iculada, con ícul a cabeza ie

mática 1,2-1,4 mm de bibi ovario 1 Y 6 mm d targo, glabro; nectario anular e irregularmente pentalobu-

lado, ca. la mitad de la longitud del to. Folículos 5,4—6,2 cm x 1-2,8 mm, no fusiona-

dos longitudinal ges unidos en su irit apical, glabros, levemente articulados (moniliformes); semi-

llas ca. 5 mm, glabras o glabrescentes, coma 0,6-1,3 cm de largo, amarillenta a canela-amarillenta.

Meta, creciendo en vege-

Distribución y hábitat.—Endémica a la Sierra de la Macarena, D

s Ao On

tacián a CENE n . A

Mandevilla nacarema se puede reconocer por su hábito arbustivo, hojas cortamente pecioladas, casi

sésiles, con la lámina foliar Rape Mange pps epu a Moo api ovada, NL cim a con brácteas

caen y flores sésiles. Especies de BO Up

vr mencionar rom iis i iadas, [ tes desde |

any Z1 € yS u (BR CA ey I WEE 4 tip A p : x

es algo muy inusual, siendo M l pri ó t isti d l

El epíteto de esta especie es un nti de la localidad tipo, una región con un alto endemismo y casi

totalmente penta

nerioides ot Ann. Missouri pet Gard. 28:274. 1941. Tiro: COLOMBIA. GUAVIARE: San José del

Guaviare, 12 nov 1939 (fI), J COL, F, foto F neg. 51182, P, US).

Mandevilla thevetioides Markgr., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 18:290. 1969. Tipo: COLOMBIA. AMAZONAS: río m 9 jun 1959, B.

Maguire et al. 44170 (LECTOTIPO, designado por Morales, An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 64:156. 2007: US VEN, Z).

Mandevilla manarana Morillo, An. Jard. Bot. Madrid Tet 28, t. 1. m Tipo: COLOMBIA. VAUPÉS: río Kuyudari, cerro ae 5 oct

1951 (f1), R. Schultes & I. Cabrera 14207 ( OL [2 pliegos], MO, U

Distribución y habitat —Colombia y el S de Venezuela, en vegetació iada a rocas graníticas, formaciones

de arena nuca y — en elevaciones de 50-700 m

Mander

da con M. lancifolia y M. thevetioides Woodson,

1 1 1 1 : A t

PeTO Se nied n s 1 h MA

s h “UE »cpalarp g y anctas. E

Cles pueden en Morales O007a)

TES

iuis

532

E, Y >

LG cba

PRON S

MISS

UN N

D g

Dip

» ()

I! 8

7, ff AE /

(

——>

pa a

4 cm

ia pie suscite E CAS

ie adaxial de la hoja, mostrando los cletere?

bierto, mostrando la posición de

G. Nectario y ovario. H.5e™"

35 fnis

Fic. 1. Mandevilla nacarema (W. Phili,

Es P * mn ë | ea x A

ant, Ituh EN ik nu

Morales e: a t AA Cy. fal Le: 533

Caquetá, cerca de Araracuara, 10 nov 1982 (fl), Idrobo et al. 11250 (COAH, COL

HUA, INB, On Caqueta: Solano, rio Caqueta, Paujil, NO de Araracuara, 3 dic 1993 (fr), Maur E m. 559 pan. HUA, Xo

to Huesito, entre Cano Caquita y Cano Gente, ago 1975 (fl), García-B 20910 ( US)

Puerto Killio, 25 ago 1995 (fl), Cárdenas et al. 6549 (COAH, INB, MO). Vaupés: Caño Cubiys, comunidad indigena La em 26 abr 1993

fl), Madrinan et al. 1136 (COL, INB, MO, NY, V

Mandevilla mevadane J, F. Morales, Anales Jard. Pot Madrid 63: » Li 2006. Tipo: COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA: Sierra

sep 1972 (fl OL, US)

Distribución y uu s irg de b tre 1300-1650 m.

M 4 ;H 1 A f zi

p dir con M. subsagitat, pros se aa pasi el mbo de la corola más

cortos (13-15 mm vs. 20-35 mm) ył fl p g (vs. corta y abrup-

tamente acuminado o ner,

Esp i Magdal Asan Javier, 21 ene 1959 (fl), Romero-Castañeda 7006 (COL, NY).

Mandevilla paisae J.F. Morales, Candollea 60:52, f. 2-3. 2005. Tipo: COLOMBIA. A l

Frontino, 19 may 1985 (fl), D. Cárdenas 127 (HOLOTIPO: HUA [2 pliegos, fotografías, INB]).

, páramo de

MEE y hábitat —Endémica, li I , entre 2400-3650 m.

1 2 J

con M. ici y M. pubescens, pero se reconoce por los sé-

palos más acie y brácteas florales rápidamente deciduas. Para una mayor discusión, véase el trabajo de

Morales (20052).

Mandevilla pavonii (A. DC.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:73. 1932.

Echites hirsutus Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2:19, t. 136. 1799, nom illeg., non Rich. (1792). Prestonia ) Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg.

1:637. 1825. Echites pavonii A. DC., Prodr. 8:463. 1844. Amblyanthera pavonii (A. DC.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30:450. 1860. Tipo: PERU.

Datos de localidad perdidos, 1778-1788 (fl), H. Ruiz & H. Pavon 11/57 (HOLOTIPO: MA; ISOTIPOS: B [destruido, foto F neg. 4529],

G-DC)

Distribución y hábitat.—S de Colombia, Ecuador, Pert, Brasil y Bolivia, creciendo en bosques de galería, sa-

banas y bosques secos en elevaciones de 100-1300 m

Mandevilla pavonii es muy similar a M. sagittarii ya que ambas tienen hojas con la superficie abaxial to-

mentulosa y con la base generalmente cordada o s secando de un color blanco a blanco grisáceo,

ero el primer taxó facilidad if (vs. infundibuliformes).

P p p p

Especim i inados: Å Letici idad N río Amazonas, 5 abr 2000 (fD, Arias 724 (COAH, COL,

HUA).

Mandevilla pubescens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) J.F. Morales, comb. nov. Echites pubescens Willd. ex Mi. &

Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4:796. 1819 Kunth, Nov. Gen Sp (quarto ed.) 3:214. 1818 [1819]. nom illeg

scens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll. eria Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 18:22. 1860. Dipladenia congesta K. Scil. Nat. Pind

4(2):169. 1895, nom. illeg. Mandevilla congesta (K. Schum US. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:675. 1933. Tipo: COLOMBIA

CAUCA: Popayán?, s.d. (fl), A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. [2 pliegos, foto F neg. 38733]; isoTIPO: F).

Mots fendleri Mull. Arg., Linnaea 30:417. 1860. Prestoniopsis fendleri (Mull. Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 168. 1878. Tipo:

EZUELA. MÉRIDA: cerca de Colonia Tovar, 1854-1855 (fl), A. Fendler 1030 (HOLOTIPO: K; ISOTIPOS: GH, G-DC [foto F neg.

45], N Y [fotocopia, INB], MO).

ea scope Mall Arg, Observ. buc in ibis Tipo: ECUADOR. TUNGURAHUA: bogus may 1878 (fD, R. Spruce 5390

(HOLOTIPO: B lC. CGE, G-DE Hoto P neg, 268471, P,

Prestoniopsis ele Meis Apocyn. S. pei 167. 1878. Tipo: VENEZUELA. MERIDA: cerca js Colonia Tovar, s.d. (fl), J. Moritz s.n. (HO-

LOTIPO: BM [fotografía, INB).

Prestoniopsis venosa Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 167. 1878. Tipo: VENEZUELA. MÉRIDA: cerca de Colonia Tovar, s.d. (fI), J. Moritz s.n. (HO-

LOTIPO: BM [fotografía, INB).

Distribución. NO de Venezuela, Colombia y Ecuador, en bosques nubosos entre 1800-2800 m.

Mandevilla pubescens es muy similar a M. bogotensis y M. paisae, grupo de taxones que comparten en

común hojas con los coléteres aglomerados en la base del nervio central y corolas con los estambres insertos

cerca de la base (véase descripción en esas especies). La publicación de “Nova Genera et Species Plantarum”

534 i i 50)

volumen III (Humboldt et al. pads ocurrió en el mismo año que ove e deni volumen IV (Roemer

& Schultes 1819), ya q le H “1818,” en realidad fue

publicado en durante el verano de 1819. Sin embargo, el volumen IV de aS Vegetabilium fue “publicado

casi con certeza de inicios vod la primavera de cad Ao Taxon 4: Si 935. Por nj tanto, Edits

, pues esun

men A dida para E. pubescens Roem. & Schult. t 1 por ser publi&iio é en forma anti

Por lo tanto,

E. pu bescens

C Sierra Nevada de S M río Donachui y Sacarecungúe, 9 may 1974

(D, Plowman & Davis 3655 (COL). Caldas: M la la E reserva Torre Cuatro, 31 mar sr 1999 (£D, Alvear et al. 385 (COL).

— rg cerca de Guasca, 27 may 1947 (fl, fr), Haught 5769 (COL, F, K, MO, US). Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, río

Donachuí, 13 o 59 (fr), Cuatrecasas & Romero- p 24841 (COL, MO, US). Quindió: Cordillera Central, Cocora, E de Salento, 13

feb 1986 (fD, Stein 3442 (COL, JAUM, MO, USF, WAG). Risaralda: La Pastora, reserva Ucumari, 13 oct 1989 (st), Rangel et al. 5637 (COL,

J.F. Morales, sp. nov. (Fig. 2). Tiro: COLOMBIA. P M deS

FRU di Alto Candia. PRA La Mariposa, vertiente amazónica de Colombia, 20 dei may 1994 (fl, fr), J.L. Fernández

Alonso, A. Camero, Z. Marín & E. Mesa 11273 (HOLOTIPO: COL [fotografías, INB]).

A Mandevilla me K. abd ex Woodson cui affinis, pedicellis 6-9 mm longis (vs. 11-33 mm), calycis laciniis1,9-2,1 mm longis (vs.

lis (vs. glabris) differt

Liana; ramitas subcilíndricas y papilado puberulentas cuando jóvenes, cilíndricas a subcilíndricas y con el

indumento perdido y oa a Xn Papius con la edad, usualmente sólidas; coléteres interpeciolares incon-

spicuos, hasta 0,5 go. Hoj p ; pecíolos 5-15 mm sé cargo: quus foliares 55-

8,2 x 3-4,5 cm, elípticas, el api inado a caudad acum. lab dada, raramentt

obtusa, | gul distribuidos a lo largo del etras SPST DEATH la superficie ad-

axial kein p lind ido e distribuido a lo la la superficie abaxi-

al similar, pero con bus hai esparcidos e en la A y abi no bulladas, sin E: el márgen

no revoluto, las perficies, la venación terciaria reticulada y evidente,

pero más ligeramente impresa en el i fl i i ás larga que las hojas subyacentes,

axilar, densa a moderadamente hirsutulo-puberulenta, con , muchas flores, pedúnculo 1,1-2,1 cm de largo,

pedicelos 6-9 mm de largo, brácteas 43, 5x p 40,6 mm, lineares, escariosas; sépalos 1,9-2,1 x 0,9-1,2 mm,

g , similares, el áp lo, no Te escariosos Rer pcd hirso

lal t t ain a lót orme

O > > + >

1 dos) , blanco- i -» | ds 1 t i o

(solo botones e amarillentas, es _el tubo algo "e

basalmente, la parte ae 11-12,5 x 1,1-1,5 mm, la parte superior 8—9 mm de largo, angostamente cónica,

con un diámetro de ca. 5 mm en la boca, el ápice del botón floral agudo-apiculado; lóbulos no examinados

es insertos en la base er la perte apud vs tubo, anteras E^ 1 mm de largo, glabras dorsalmente, la

,con | t : tig a 1,2-1,3 mm de largo; ovario 1-1,2 mm

largo, glabro; i l l lobulado, ca. la mitad de la longitud del ovario. Folículos

19,2-24, ad cm x 3 ps mm, no s fusionados longitudinalmente solo cds en su región apici; glabros, leve

—10 mim, diminuta F t P coma Y

2,5 cm de largo, amarillenta.

Distribución y hábitat. OMNE al PEDIS de Putumayo, en bosques mpg vg em e

lamhia y

x fundir con M. scabra, pero M. puy más largos

(6-9 vs. 1-4 mm), corolas con nla parte eder del tubo más pequeña (8-9 vs vs. . 13-202) mm) semillas

diminuta y esp tas (vs. glabra).

l eniteta d P n

del Depar inexplor*

A Ald wee Y Au 5 partamento de Putumayo, una zona bastante inexP

que se v ive en Colom ia.

Mandevilla riparia (Kunth) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:58. 1932.

3:214. 1819. Tipo: COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA: Tenerife, río M

LOTIPO: P-HB; ISOTIPO: P [foto F neg. 38734])

Echites riparius Kunth, N ov. Gen. Y

agdalena, mayo, año perdido (fl), A. Humboldt & A. pha 3711 (H0

Morales, Si

= 2

Fic. 2. Mandevilla puyumato (J.L. Fernández et al. 11273, COL). A. Ramita fértil con flores y frutos. B. Detalle de I

^n fl 1 is CRDI "ore AB nh sz E | 4

adaxialmente. C. Bot

sépalos i

removidos. mostrando | lá E Antera victa dorsal. F. Cal ica. G. Nectario y ovario. H. Semilla

536 i 5(2)

pia montana (Kunth) Markgr. var. peruviana Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. AT 9:82. uit Tipo: PERU. CAJAMARCA:

cupampa hans leant: 17 mar 1997 (fl, fr), A Sagástegui et al. 15954 (NEOT g les, Revista Acad

Colo m Ci. Exact. 29:47. F, HAO [destruido], USF).

Distribución y hábitat. — Colombia (?) y Perú, en vegetación arbustiva asociada a formaciones rocosas entre

2000-2900 m.

Mandevilla riparia se puede reconocer por sus hojas con los coléteres aglomerados en la base del nervio

central e inflorescencias con corolas infundibuliformes, con el tubo de 10-14 mm de largo. La presencia de

Mandevilla riparia en Colombia es dudosa, ya que hasta la fecha, excepto por el tipo de la especie, supuesta-

mente colectado en Tenerife, en a valle del rio es no se ha vuelto a colectar en el país. Un dato impor-

tante es "s if p d 20 m.s.n.m., mientras que en Peru, esta especie

los 2000 m de el ión Sin embargo, l tip idént

E: J

Mandevilla rugellosa (Rich.) L. Allorge, Phytologia 84:305. 1998 [1999]. (Fig. 3). Echites rugellosus Rich., Actes Soc.

Hist. Nat. Paris 1:107. 1792. Tipo: Guyana Francesa: Cayenne, 1792 (fl, fr), M. Leblond 366 (LECTOTIPO, designado por Allorge-

Boiteau, Phytologia 84:305. 1998: P-LA; ISOLECTOTIPOS: G [foto F neg. 26866], G-DC).

Echites subspicatus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2:18. 1798. I (Vahl) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 252. 1878. M

(Vahl) Markgr., Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 22:380. 1926. Tiro: SURINAME: datos pane (fl), C. von Rohr s.n. (HOLOTIPO: C lfotoF

neg. ABL ipsia s, C, Fl; ISOTIPO: B [destruido]).

Encycl., Suppl. 2:535. 1812. Tipo: GUYANA: datos perdidos (fl), L. Richard s.n. (HOLOTIPO: P; ISOTIPOS: CGE,

Bentl ot. (Hooker) 3:248. 1841. Mi l (Bentham) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 222. 1878. Tio:

GUYANA: localidad ken Abr 1839 (fT), R. Schomburgk 565 (HOLOTIPO: G [foto F neg. 26860]; IsOTIPO: P).

Echites antennaceus A. DC., Prodr. 8:456. 1844. Amblyanthera antennacea (A. DC.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30:448. 1860. Laseguea antenna-

cea (A. DC.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 251. 1878. Mandevilla antennacea (A. DC.) K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2):171. 1895, syn.

nov. TIPO: PERU: datos perdidos, 1778-1788 SL ie H. er Pavón s.n. (HOLOTIPO: G-DC [foto F neg. 34139]; ISOTIPO: MA).

Echites oe DC., Prodr. 8:458. 1844 is (A. DC.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30:448. 1860. Mesechites pince

(A. DC.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 235. 1878. Tipo: GUYANA FRANCESA: Cayenne, datos perdidos (fl), Perrottet s.n. (HOLOTIPO:

G-DC [foto F neg. 7561]).

Laseguea latiuscula Miers, un S. Amer. 251-252., t. XXXV A. 1878. Tipo: GUYANA FRANCESA: Cayenne, s.d. (fl), C. van Rohr s.n.

(HOLOTIPO: BM; ISO Q

Laseguea venustula ipis Apio S. Amer. 252. 1878. TIPO: GUYANA FRANCESA: Cayenne, s.d. (fl), C. van Rohr s.n. (HOLOTIPO: BM;

ISOTIPO: C)

Echites bolivianus Britton ex Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4:219. 1895. Mandevilla bolivi Bri Rusby) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot

Club 25:496. 1898. Tipo: BOLIVIA. La Paz: Yungas, 1890 (fl), M. Bang 551 ( NY: F [fotografía, INB], M, MO, US)

Echites also H. Winkl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7:243. 1909, TIPO: BOLIVIA. LA Pace Charopampa, cercanias de Mapiri,

07 (fD, O. Buchtien 1968 (HOLOTIPO: US).

Mandevilla tienpo vid Bull. New HE Bot. Gard. 8:114. 1912. Tipo: BOLIVIA. ITURRALDE: Tumupasa, 14 jun 1902 (fr), R. Williams

CTOTIPO

5 (

Echites bracteosus Rusby, Mem. seii York Bot. Gard. 7325. 197. Mandevilla bracteosa (Rusby) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.

20:742. 1932, syn. nov. TIPO: BOLIVIA. LA Paz: Ixiamas, 16 dic 1921 (fl, fr), P. White 1142 (HOLOTIPO: NY [fotografía, INB]; ISOTIPOS:

K, US)

Distribución y hábitat. —Colombia a Brasil y Bolivia, en b húmed nedos entre 200-1098

onse rugellosa se the confundido en forma per con M. scabra, diu que gu taxones tienen

y similares. Sin embargo amb p I áci-

mente TO enla formia ig we corola, I Ad Sem A 1 ne ane M

scabra,

Por prine vez se Domo bi sinonimización m Nae ite en el concepto de M. rugellosa.

Dad

fía de Woodson (1933) y po!

presentar un carácter Ri AM que usualmente es de extrema utilidad en el género, como lo es la conte*

tura de las brácteas florales (foliáceas vs. escariosa), se hace necesaria una discusión completa de las razones

para proponer esta sinonimia.

" En forma ELS no vues en Mandevilla sino ine en otros géneros de la tribus Mesechiteat Y

Echiteae. la contextura d

arácter bastante útil, para separar, no solo especies, SINO

Morales, c: p TT IR ey | AA Ana til Sus hé 537

8 mm

A B G D G

Fic. 3. Variación de | llosa. A. Maguire & Stahel 24994 (MO). B. Colella et al. 1446 (NY). C. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 2518 (U). D.

Cremers et al. 9690 (P). E. Gentry et al. 52310 (INB). F. Rimachi 3029 (F). G. Schunke 972 (COL).

también en algunos casos géneros. De esta manera, Asketanthera pued fácil parado al instante de

los géneros relacionados (e.g., Fernaldia, Echites) p brá floral pi foliáceas (vs. escari-

osas en tios citados EARS, De la misma manera, este carácter es d i p p ios grupos de

taxa Mandevilla

Woodson (1933) separó M. antennacea y M. subspicata (= M. rugellosa) del resto de especies del subgénero

asm pr la Mone de la queo. ya e pores opde tienen corolas hipocrateriformes en ese subgé-

A su vez, alos taxas y otra especie adicional

reconocida por Woodsóni (M. bracteosa) f l ya que M. subspicata fue

caracterizada por la presencia de Due escariosas, "S mm de largo, mientras que pe otras dos especies se

separaron por sus brácteas foliáceas, 7.5-12.5 mm de longitud. Ahora bien, el resto de caracteres utilizados

comprendían distribuciones geográficas disyuntas, así como to pubescencta y textura de las hojas distintas. El

estudio de todas las colecciones tipos de las especies d y bajo Bag "a

ostrado que todas son similares, yq mparten en comün prácti todos | g

El estudin A E: 1 ; * ies 2 Jin: 1 S ES 1 Mises ] ‘An rol

Tr z r r

tres especies son dif A moe E y : Yr 3232 3.2 3 iii

discontinuos. Sin etibürgo. "et estudio de dicho carácter en nación d con los numerosos duplicados dis-

Ponibles hoy en día, ha demostrado que la irme y Tage de las brácteas varía en forma continua a través del

tango de distribución, sin mostrar ni 1e haga posible la separación. Aunque si bien, al

examinar los rangos extremos en la forma de las brácteas ae vs. venit en verbo) en forma

aislada, podría sugerir que se trata de especies diferentes, existen

Caracteres intermedios jue hacen p ibl paración (Fig. 3). De esta forma, por Leidols;

el largo de las brácteas varía desde > 5x E: mm (Miller e Hauk 9413, INB), 5-7 x 1,5-2 mm (Lohmann &

Peckham 146, INB), 6-8 x 1,5-2 mm ( le 6932, INB), 7-12 x 2-3,5 mm (Jardim 570, INB), hasta los rangos

más "me o oa tales como 9-14 x 3,5-4,5 7 ene oe ane), 10-26 x sel mm br et i eS

NY)o 1

rmas muy largas p

n 3671 dende le brácteas miden 9-14 x 43 mm. m lo tanto, p el

de estas especies basados en los caracteres propuestos, pues la i lació lo permite. Por otro

lado, este Carácter, así como el tipo y densidad del indumento de le hojas (usado también pot Woodson para

separarlas) es altamente variable en el subgénero Exothostemon, siendo el mejor ejemplo de ellos, M. hirsuta,

538 i (2)

donde una altisima intergradación en la aos ds las brácteas y tipo de MESSA poseo ques se presen

a168mn

variedades. Al ser caniad en Pe bad o párs regiones geográficas determinadas, la variación | pod

um la pepan de ae ice pem al ser adas en a todo el rango de distribución en d

imismo,

v la jobs pora si sola, puedes ser un carácter altamente variable en varios genéros dei las Apocynaceae

y Mandev illa, los grupos con la más alta

p ,

liversidad i pecífi acter en las PON aois,

Mandevilla tenuicarpa es | ipificada y Williams 875 seleccionado como el lectotipo, por ser el sintipo

DP E A as st} A a s 24

p p y en mejor p

Especi [ i inados: A Igara-lr La Chorrera, fecha perdida (fl), Sastre 3262 (COL, P)

Mandevilla sagittarii Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:72. 1932. Tiro: COLOMBIA. CHOCÓ: La Ovejay

Quidbó, 1-2 abr 1931 (fl, fr), W. Archer 1714 (HOLOTIPO: US; ISOTIPO: COL).

Mandevilla dodsonii A. Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68:117. 1981, syn. nov. TIPO: ECUADOR. Los Rios-PICHINCHA: fila en El

Centinela, Montañas de Ila, camino de Patricia Pilar a 24 de Mayo, 6 feb 1979 (fl), C. Dodson et al. 7523 (HOLOTIPO: MO; ISOTIPO:

Distribución y hábitat. —Panamá, Colombia y Ecuador, en bosques muy húmedos, en elevaciones de 0-650 m.

En la descripción de = nein oe ers sur esta A con " NM y cm E

r lp is

del tipo de M. BaD do "i tanto, » debe: ser reducida a la sinonimia. En C lia ta esp xs

confundir con M. pa pecie)

= 1 M ECT 10 sep 1987 (fl), Estrada et al. 223 (COL), Estradaet

al. 224 (MA, MBM). Chocó: Pizarro, carretera Pepe Poento Meluk, 16 nov 1985 (fb, Espina 1800 (CHOCO, COL, INB, MO). Valle: Bajo

Calima, camino a Juanchaco Palmeras, 12 jul 1984 (fl, fr), Gentry et al. 47985 (COL, CUVC, JAUM, MO, SI).

Mandevilla sancta-martae J.F. Morales, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Lai 369, £ 3. 2009. Tiro: >: COLOMBIA er Sierra

Nevada de Santa Marta, E de quebrada Indiana, 1 sep 1972 (fl), J OL, NY, US, Z [fot

grafías, INB)).

Distribución y hábitat. —Endémica, bosques muy húmedos entre 1600-1700 m.

Esta isos se sp. Storan con M. tos eae de M. tied pero se separa por sus hojas con domacios

1 1

r , Į 9—10 aro;

UCI LUDO SU Hu UE Lal RU.

Magdal Si N la de S M quebrada Botella, i S Pedro de la Sierra, 2

sep 1972 (fl), Kirkbride 2277 (COL, US, Z).

Mandevilla scabra (Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. , Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2):171. 1895. E

Hoffmann. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4:795. 1819. Tipo: BRASIL: datos perdidos (fl), Hoffmannsegg s.n. (HOLOTI woe

[foto F neg. 4496]).

Distribucion y habitat. a aie, a a Brasil yI Pellis, en bosques muy hümedos entre 150-750 m.

Una de las especies ib en Sur América se confunde con facilidad con M. hir

suta, pero M. scabra se separa por sus sépalos más pequeños (1,5-3,5 mm vs. 7-12 mm de largo) y brácteas flo-

rales escariosas de 2- j mm de ri ve id y de 11-21 mm de largo). Otro taxón similar es M. gracilis,

pero este ult i olea

near cupticas.

Especimenes representativos examinados: Amazonas: ríos s Igara-Paraná, 7 sep 1973 (fl, fr), Sastre 2126 (COL, P). Arauca: Tame, ci

Mains 11 sep 1998 (fI), Celis et al. 186 (COAH), Celis et al. 214 (COAH). Guaviare: San José del Guaviare, serranía La Lindosa, 2248

995 (fD, Cárdenas et al. 6497 (COAH). Guainía: Cano Colorado, La Esperanza, 15 abr 1993 «D, Mr 6 Barbosa 1024 (COL, F, Gt

INB, MEXU, M ). Meta: Caracarate, 4 may 1945 (fl), Giovanni 95 (COL, VEN). Vaupés: San Felipe, 13-25 nov 1952 (fl. "

lead dd P, VEN). Vichada: P arreño, 7 abr 1995 (fl), Córdoba et al. 1356 (COL).

Mandevilla schlimii (Mall. Arg.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:70. 1932. Amblyanthera schlimit Mall.

pe E aint Colamhi 539

Linnaea 30:419. 1860. Tipo: COLOMBIA. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Ocaña, may 1846-1852 (fl), J. Linden 575 (HOLOTIPO: G-BOIS;

ISOTIPOS: BR, K [fotografía, INB], P [2 pliegos]).

Mandevilla al ii H. Daniel, Asp ] Flora (Colombia) 14. 1939, syn. nov. Tipo: COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Cocorná, dic 1937

(fD, H. Daniel 2033 OL; ISOTIPOS: COL, F [foto F neg. 56480], MO, US).

~~ M "e RA y Venezuela, en — de 900-2000 m.

pot NES AE con un diá tr de 8-10 mmen la

boca í hoi la mee ohtica a A lámi di t d t ] ] h

, J P| O

axialmente.

po de Mandevilla al ii i l idénti la de M. schlimii, sin ning difi

Az . $3 3 Ff - 4] p , por lo que el primer CEES. SER ES INVEST. . . y: E

speciosa (Kunth) J. E oe Novon 15:452. 2005. Echites speciosus Kunth, Nov. pin de due edis

1818 [1819]. nur usa I th) G. Don, Gent. Hist. 4:82. 1838. Tipo: VENEZUELA ), A

Hum IB [fotografías, INB])

Ambl lleri Mull. Arg., Linnaea 30:417. 1 Mandevilla fendleri (Müll. Arg.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:70. 1932.

TIPO: VENEZUELA. MERIDA: cerca de Colonia Tovar, 1857 (fn, A. Fendler 1032 ater G-DC [foto F neg. 26875]; ISOTIPOS: BR,

F, K [en parte], MO, NY)

Distribución y habitat —Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana y el N de Brasil, en bosques húmedos y bosques nubo-

sos, entre 1100-2250 m de elevación.

Ma i] s E

fundir con M. biet ya que ambas Lane hojas con la oe ea

EN?

L ?

cie abaxial pul Í infl f libulif ) folículos

conspicuamente aima. pero la sieges se reconoce con facilidad Seda sus n mens a rae in

cas, con el ápice eee OS a elípticas y :

pero este taxón tiene los folícul menos continuos es conspicuamente moniliformes en M. sects.

n detalles sobre la historia taxonómica y nomenclatural de esta especie puede ser consultada en Morales

2005c)

Especimen i los: A U , Morro Pesetas, 11 ago 1995 qo. Cardona et al. 31 (HUA, INB). Boyacá: A

Chapón n, NO de! Bogotá, 3 jun 1932 (fD, Lawrence 143 (E, MO, S, US). C parq hique, El Tambo, vereda La Romelia, ^

jul 1993 (t1, f). Velayos et al. 7010 (COL, MA). Cundi Pedro Pal M La Mesa, 1 ago 1976 (fl), Gentry &

Fallen 17131 (COL, MO, Z). Huila: La wer 25 sep 1984 (fl, fp, Lozano et al. 4124 (COL, WIS). Magdalena: Sierra de Perija, al E de

Manaure, hacienda N uevo Horizonte, 15 nov 1959 (fl), Cuatrecasas & Romero-Castañeda 25371 (COL, US). Nariño: Ricaurte, Reserva

Natural La Planada, 22 i 1993 (£b, pides et - 2954 (COL). Quindio: Pijao, vereda Carniceros, 24 ago 1993 (fl), Vélez et al. 3361 (COL,

HUQ). Santander: en 19-24 dic 1926 (fl), Killip & Smith 16161 (US). Tolima: Santa Isabel, finca la Cima, 6 ago

= (1D, Idrobo et al. 10661 (COL). Valle: carretera entre Cali-Loboguerrero y Bitaco, 24 jul 1997 (fl), Croat & Gaskin 80320 (CUVC, INB,

Mandevilla Vyrimarkit Woodson, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 35. UO Tipo: VENEZUELA. AMAZONAS: cercanías de

Sanariapo, cerca de R po, 8 sep 1944 (fI), J. S } F [foto F neg. 50811], NY, VEN).

Distribución y habitat —Colombia, Venezuela y NO de Brasil, f i y sal , entre din =

andevilla steyermarkii es un taxon facil de por sus infl i n brá

E y conspicuas (una de las más grandes en el género), hojas cordadas y con los coléteres distribuidos a lo

tgo del nervio central y habitat reang a wa zonas hos de ia amazonía. Aunque puede ser confundido

Reson M. irish este epee taxon t grandes. Otra especie similar es

mega

Er Li

en a ecnecie)

pd representativos examinados: Guainía: caño Tomo, río Negro, 26 oct 1977 (fl), Espina et al. 267 (COL). Vaupés: río Vau

Ode Mita, 7 sep 1951 (fI), Schultes & Cal 13915 (COAH, COL, GH, MO, US). Vichada: El Tuparro, 9 nov 1971 (fl), Daniel 131 saai

subcarnosa phos (Benth) Woodsa, pull. Tepe Bot. Club. 58:453. 1931. Echites subcarnosus Benth., J. Bo

(Hooker) 3: :247. 1841. Mesech n. S. Amer. 232. 1878. TIPO: GUYANA: Cerca de Roraima, fecha

perdida (FI), R. Schomburgk 183 (LECTOTIPO, designado ell Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:7

1 np 4h Das E 8 D hi H £T, E

540 w

Mandevilla glabra N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 6:47. 1906. Tipo: GUYANA: Monte Roraima, 1894 (fl), J. Messrs et al. 16

€ LECTOTIPO, i Ug p MEN An. jd e Bot. M 64157: K en INB).

4. TIPO: BRASIL. AMAZONAS: Manaos, 31 jul 1900 (fI), E. Ule

5176 (1 SCOTUS e 1 de d An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 64:157. 2007: HB ido, foto F neg. 4532]).

Mandevilla dielsiana Markg Notizbl Bot. Gart. Berli hlem 9:86, f. 2. 1924. TIPO: VENEZUELA. BOLIVAR: Miner 11 feb

1990 (fl), B. B 9493 ( , designado por Morales, An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 64:158. 2007: INB, ISONEOTIPOS: MO, NY, USF,

VEN)

Distribución y hábitat.—S y SE de Venezuela, Guyana y el N de Brasil, en vegetación asociada a Tepuís y sa-

banas, en elevaciones de (150—)400-1800 m

Mandevilla subcarnosa se puede confundir con la polimórfica M. nerioides, pero se separa por sus tallos

jóvenes levemente angulados o acostillados (vs. conspicuamente alados), lóbulos de la corola amarillos (vs.

vri blanco-rosados, a epulo y flores con gerens más dd

1 1 Chirihiauete

t "E 1 E

291 nov 1992 (fl, fp, Barbosa et al. 8101 (MA)

Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:69. 1932. Echites subsagittatus Ruiz

& Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 2:19. 1799. Tipo: PERU. HUANUCO: Cuchero, datos perdidos, H. Ruiz & H. Pavón 11/56 (HOLOTIPO: MAD

pliegos, foto F neg. 29216]; ISOTIPO: F).

Echites hirtellus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3:213. 1819. Mesechites hirtellus (Kunth) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 234. 1878. TIPO:

LOMBIA. MAGDALENA: cerca de Mariquita, jun 1801 (fl), A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland 1757 (HOLOTIPO: P-HB [2 pliegosl; ISOTIPO:

F Enc en INB]).

pocyn. S. Amer. 233. 1878. Mesechit (Miers) ^ yn. S. Amer. 233. 1878. TIPO:

ECUADOR. GUAYAS: Cayol, 1837 (fl), C. Hartweg 669 (HOLOTIPO: BM; ISOTIPOS: CGE, G-DC, K p pliegos]

Distribución y hábitat.—México a Venezuela y Peru, Trinidad y las Antillas menores, en bosques secos y

basma puro o nny NAE entre bsec m.

Colombia y con una ups variabilidad

en la densidad del indumento T tamaño ini las hojas. En Colombia esta E di consi

DAE (vs. foliáceas). Deo taxón Beds en M. nevadana (véase

Misit en esa especie)

yo sal Bolombolo-Bolivar, 29 sep 1987 (fI), Zarucchi etal.

5918 (HUA, INB, MO, USF). Bolivar: O de La Jagua, 27 Ago 1943 (£D, Haught 3642 (COL, MO, US). Caldas: La Victoria, entre Cañaveral y

ies finca El e 23 e 1999 9, ied 2225 (JAUM). César: Valledupar, Puerto Bello, 13 Jul 1983 (fI), Cuadros 1688 (COL, US)

15 Ene 1947 (fl), Garcia-Barriga 12186 (COL, US). Guajira: San Antonio, 18 Ago 1986 (f

Cuadros & Gentry 2832 (MO, USP). denia San José del Guaviare, puero Arturo, río Guaviare, 25 Ago 1995 (fD, Cárdenas et al. 6556

(COAH). Huila: Pitalito, vereda El Triunfo, 11 mar 2005 (fl), Silva et al. 591 (COL, FMB). Magdalena: Santa Marta, 1898-1901 (£l), p

1662 (BM, BR, CM, COL, F, K, MO, NY, P [2 pliegos], S, US). Meta: Los “aes rio Meta, artis 14 oct d hs Cia 3626 (C

F, US). Nariño: Barbacoas, río Viza, Mar 1995 (fI), Fernández et al. 12410 (CO: nso, alred He

eed 21 Dic 1948 (fl), Araque & Barkley 141 (MEDEL, MO, US). Putumayo: Mocoa, 27 Dic 1940 (fl, fr), 11375 (COL, F, US

ío: La Tebaida, río La Vieja, 21 nov 1986 (fI), Arbeláez et al. 1805 (HUA, HUQ). Risaralda: carretera La Virginia-Cerritos, río Cauca,

8 May 1989 (fl), Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 5203 (MO). Santander: Cordillera Oriental, Sarare, rio Cubuyon, El Indio, 13 nov 1941 (fl.

Cuatrecasas 13112 (COL, MO, US). Tolima: O de Chaparral, 29 Jul 1950 (fl, fr), Smith 1299 FPE F, MO, UC, US). Valle: Alto del Dinde, entrè

Cartago y Alcalá, 16 nov 1946 (fl), Cuatrecasas 22906 (COL, F, MO, US, VALL LE). V d i, Yapoboda, 15 Ago 1960 (fl, fr),

Schultes & Cabrera 22614a (COL, GH, MO, NY).

evilla symphitocarpa (G. Mey.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:70. 1932. Echites symphitocarpus © `

Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 132. 1818. Mitozus symphitocarpus (G. Mey.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 222. 1878. Tipo: Essequibo ibo, sd. (^

cyer s.n. (no localizado) or Mer. cb dd Lip río ncc al N de Barica, 18 may 1993 (fl, fr), T. Henkel €®

Williams 20.

Echites cuyabensis A. DC., Prodr. 8:462. pai ago ora punteras - DC.) Müll. Arg., Linnaea 30:450. 1860. Mitozus cuyabensis z

A, Apoya a Amer. 223.1 K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2):171. 1895. Tipo: BRASIL

: Cuyaba, 1832 (fI), sii Manso 2 (HOLOTIPO: G-DC; ISOTIPO: B [destruido, foto F neg 4523]).

Distribución y habitat —Colombia a B

il, Bolivia y Trinidad, en elevaciones de 0-500 m.

En forma general, esta especie es similar a la común M. scabra, pero tiene flores mucho más grandes (é

Morales, Cc: p LJ 3 4 AA Bina dl fal A 541

palos, tubo, lóbulos, anteras, etc). La — "de de Echites SR G. — (Meyer s. dn no fee "

calizado en i ünh

i 1

pos citados en la d ipcion original. se } 1 ig Ti

E F 5 " g

rens y inados: Amazonas: río Caquetá, Araracuara, 18 oct 1990 (fl), Dulmen & Matapi 17 (COAH, INB, MO).

del Guavi N palo, 22 mar 1996 (fl), López et al. 1266 (COAH). Vaupés: río Kuduyari, 17 ago

1960 (fl), Schultes 22698 (COL, MO).

Mandevilla thevetioides Woodson, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 177. 1958. Tiro: COLOMBIA. VAUPÉS: río Kananarí, cerro

Isibukuri, 29 oct 1951 (fl), R. Schultes & I. Cabre OL, NY, US)

Distribución y habitat —SE de Colombia, en vegetación asociada a

os 500 m.

rocosos en elevaciones bajo

Mandevilla thevetioides es un taxón pobremente recolectado, conocido hasta la fecha solo por 3 coleccio-

nes. Por sus hojas angostas (hasta ca. 1 cm de ancho) con las venas secundarias conspicuas y las venas terci-

arias no impresas, puede ser confundida con la variable M. nerioides, pero M. thevetiodes se puede separar con

pue | Lor EE P

Faral » 3

t ^ F VCILICIIUS UC 2.

Especimenes representativos examinados: Vaupés: Mitú, río Vaupés, comunidad de los cerros, ago 1993 (fl), Martínez et al. 330 (COL,

HUA).

trianae Woodson, pnm. Masque Bot. Gard. 19:70. 1932. Tipo: COLOMBIA. CHOCO: localidad perdida, abr

1853 (fl), J. Tri L [fotografía, INB])

Distribución y hábitat.—Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador y Perú, en bosques muy húmedos, entre 50—

1200-1800) m

Una especie relati án en Colombia, Mandevilla tri pued fundi M. scabra y M.

hirsuta, per para de estas especies p l n un diámetro de 5-10 mm en la boca.

Especim inados: A icia, camino a Tarapacá, 20 jul 1965 (fl), Lozano et al. 530 (COL). Antioquia: San

Luis, cerca de Medellin, 15 sep 1988 (fI), Betancur et al. 621 (F, HUA, MA, MO, SI). Caquetá: Araracuara, 4 may 1989 (fl, fr), Wal 179 (COAH).

Cauca: Santa Rosa, Bota Caucana, 4 jul 1998 (fl, fr), González 1030 (COL, CAUP). Chocó y Pato, 22 abr 1979 (fl), Forero

et al. 5541 (COL, INB, MO); Cundinamarca: sin datos, 1960 (fI), Schultes 22707 (COL). M gdal Alto Río Frío, cal d

Ciudad Antigua, 25 jul 1989 (fD, Madriñan & Barbosa 456 (GH, MO). Meta: Guamal, vereda M del río H 14

dic 2004 (fl fl, fr), L. siis 440 Hon. HUM C). Putumayo: Villa Garzón, vereda Oroyaco, 29 abr 1997 (fl, fr), López et al. 2914 (COAH).

: Pueblo Rico, cor g Cecilia, quebrada Cinto, 25 oct 1991 (fI), Lozano et al. 6265 m L). Valle del Cauca: Bajo

concesión sn el-B , 28 nov 1984 (fD, Monsalve 576 (COL, CUVC, JAUM, USF). Vaupés: E de Mitü, 18 nov 1945 (fl,

d va 3397 (K, MO, US). Vichada: Cumaribo, cerca de misión Santa Teresita, 16 dic 1993 (fI), atm & gut 9114 (COL, P).

vanheurckii (Müll. Arg.) Marker Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Peri ubl 9:87, fig. 2L. 1924. Heterothrix

vanheurckii Mull. Arg., Observ. Bot. 164. E Apocyn. S. Amer. 117-118, t. 14 B. 1878, nom. superfl. TIPO:

PERU. LORETO: cerca de Tarapoto, fecha asd (fl), R. Spruce 4303 (HOLOTIPO: W ix F neg. 31792]; ISOTIPOS: BM, CGE, F [frag-

mento], G [foto F neg. 26855], K [2 pliegos], P).

Di * . i

Stribución y hábitat. —SE de Colombia, S de Venezuela y Peru, en veget | 5

cos, en elevaciones de 250-300 m

ta especie se puede reconocer con facilidad por sus hojas obovadas a elíptico-obovadas, con las venas

Secundarias y terciarias no evidentes.

Tem Poets ee i (La Plava). 16 feb 1952 (fD. Schultes & Cabrera 15393 (COL, GH, MO,

Caqueta: sierra de Ake Denia campamento Norte, 7 dic 1990 (0, adela etal. 11984 (MA).

raguasensis (Seem.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2:317. 1881. Echites veraguasensis Seem., Bot. Voy.

Herald 1 sa 1852. Tipo: Panamá. Chiriquí: Boquete, mar 1848 (fI), C. Seemann 1220 (HOLOTIPO: K; ISOTIPO: BM).

Mandevilla loeseneriana K. Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25:725. 1898. Tipo: ECUADOR, PICHINCHA: ro Pilatón, Sep 1891 (fl), L. Sodiro 106/5

(HOLOTIPO: B [destruido, foto F neg. 4525]; gnado por Morales, Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 29:47. 2005: QPLS;

ISOLECTOTIPOS: s: P, Q).

Di i ;

Stribución y habitat —Nicaragua a Venezuela y Perú, en bosques húmedos entre 1500-2100 m.

542 OMEN nani

MA 1 : I J 1 1. 1 1

, con los coléteres aglom-

erados en la «es del nervio centra y por sus coros aadi: usualmente péndulas y con el tubo

VELUUSU yl

Farallones del Citará, paraje Las Canoas, quebrada La Bramadora, 12 nov

1997 (fr), baina etal. 6669 (HUA, INB, MO). Bark Chapón, NE de Bogota, 23 may 1932 (fl), Lawrence 106 (F [2 pliegos], MO, S). Cauca:

Juzza, Popayán, ene año eee (fD, Lehmann 8483 (F, K ho pliegos]). Cesar: serrania del Perijá, Agustin Codazii, El Milagro, 28 may 19%

= M et E 12539 (CO di cerca de Sasaima, 25 jun 1945 E fr), Dugand & je 3839 Ne MO,

S M Si de San A io, 19 ago 1986 (fl), Cuadros & Gentry 2901 (MO, USF). H Huila: La Arg

vereda ell Progreso, 9 jun 2005 ipis G. Silva et al. 180 (COL, FMB). Magdalena: El bapti 10j m 1993 OM, sinh 6 e 79785 os w

SI). Meta: Villavicencio, 12 ene 1876 (fl), André 1172 (K). Nariño: Ricaurte

1993 (fl), Betancur et al. 3938 E Quindio: Córdoba, carretera Córdoba-Pijao, 10 Sep 1987 (fl), Arbeláez et al. 2230 (COL, HUA, Me

— sehe Sud ae El Mortiño, camino a Pamplona, 25 jun 2004 (fl), Fernández-Alonso & Albesiano 21692 (COL.

, 3. ago 1922 (fl), Killip & Hazen 9620 (GH, NY, US). Valle: Cordillera Central, hoya del rio Bigalagrande,

Cebollal, 26 abr 1946 (fl), Cuatrecasas 21008 (F [2 dla: COL, VALLE).

Mandevilla villosa (Miers) baci te cs Missouri Bot. Gard. 19:70. 1932. Laseguea villosa Miers, m S. Amer.

250—251. 1878. Tipo: NICA 1

Echites comosus O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:414. 1891. Tipo: P. le, feck lida (fl), O. F 1891 (LECTOTIPO, designado por |

Morales, An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 62:67. 2005: NY [fotocopia, INB]).

Distribución y hábitat. —S de México, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua al NE de Colombia, en bosques muy

húmedos, entre 0-800 m

Esta especie se oda confundir con Mandevilla subsagi facilidad por sus brat

teas florales foliáceas (vs. escariosas). A pesar de tener una ¡Giamibución geográfica amplia, es un taxón con

cido por pocas colecciones de herbario.

md Turbo, 21 ene 1974 (fl), Gentry 9448 (COL, MO, Z); Turbo, 5 jun 1946 (ID, Haught

quebrada Taparal, 27 mar 1979 (fl), Forero et al. 4200 (COL). Córdoba: Planeta Rit

Marañonal, Cerro Queresa, 26 oct 1990 (FI), Roldán et al. 1504 (HUA, MO).

4852 (COL, K MO US). C

poa pedis E Morales, Candollea 60: an E Y 2004. TiPo: COLOMBIA. B : nías de Boavita, 1650?

938 (fl, fr)

Distribución y habitat—Endémica a Colombia, creciendo en vegetación xerofítica, en elevaciones de 1700-

Om.

Mandevilla xerophytica es similar a M. longipes Woodson, pero se reconoce por sus hojas con el envés p"

bescente y por las flores con los eser y tubo de la corola más cortos.

dill

fr), TOi ats & Garcta- -Barriga 9826 (COL, E MO, US)

940 (f

l, hoya del río Chicamoya, entre Soatá y Tipacopque, 18 jul I

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Los siguientes herbarios permitieron el uso de sus colecciones BM, BR, BONN, C, CGE, CAOH, CAUP, a.

COL, CUVC, E, F, FMB, G, G-BOIS, G-DC, GH, HBG, HUA, HUQ, JAUM, K, M, MA, MEDEL, MEXU, MIC

MO, NY, P, P-HB, P-JU, P-LA, Q, QPLS, S, SEL, SI, U, UC, UDBC, US, USF, Pep TARRI VEN, W, WAG, WB

Z. Quiero agradecer a Michael Grayum (MO) por su continua colaboración en pretación del Código d

Nomenclatura Botánica, así como por el suministro de referencias claves. Finalmente, agradezco à Mary?

Peter Endress (Z) por las facilidades brindadas para el estudio de colecciones en Zurich, Suiza. Se agradece "

Mary Endress (Z) y Andre Simoes (UEC) por la revisión crítica de este trabajo.

REFERERNCIAS

ENDRESS, M.E., S. LIEDE-SCHUMANN & U. MEVE. 2007. Advances in Apocy } liat t an introduction. A

Missouri Bot. Gard. 94:259-267.

GENTRY, A.H. 1981. New species and a new combination in Palmae, Theaceae, cr Apocynaceae "t

Bignoniaceae from the Choco and Amazonian Peru. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68:112-1

cr: . : E A AA A zn fal y

Morales

MO " p

g 543

HUMBOLDT, A., A. BONPLAND & C.S. KUNTH. 1818 [1819]. Nova genera et species plant (quarto ed.) 3:1-456. Graeco-

Latino-Germanico, Paris, Francia.

MORALES, J.F. 2005a. Estudios en las Apocynaceae TUN XII: tres nuevas especies de Mandevilla Lindl.

Genome Mesechiteae) para Colombia. Candollea 6

MORALES. J.F. 2005b. Estudios en las Ap y "E

X: definición de la verdadera identidad de Mandevilla

bu. con la descripción de dos nuevas aae y una nueva combinación de Mandevilla (Apocynoideae:

Mesechiteae) para Sur América. Sida 21:1535-1547

MORALES, J.F. 2005c. Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XVI: Una Nueva Combinación en Mandevilla para Sur

América. jani 15 dnas

MORAI ES, IF 200 r [ 1 1 VVVI. CI pl j » | AA J HII hi y ua u as

especies.J. n dp st, fees 1 859-869.

MORALES, J.F. 200 y + aloe YX MIN : Hee i deal pu

Pee almi AA J ce M IX :A

"Mesechitene) Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64: 155- 159.

RANGEL, JO. 2005 [2006]. La biodiversidad: de Colombia. Palimpsestos 5:292-304.

ROEMER, J.J. & J.A. SCHULTES. 1819. Systema Vegetabilium 4:XXXIV-XXXV, TE MES

SIMÕES, A.O., M. ENDRESS, T. VAN DER HM: e KINOSHITA & E. CONTI. 2004. Tribal ic relati fM hit

(Apocynoideae, Apocy ) from three noncoding pastid DNA Hiis and ticriliólody: Amer. J. Bot.

1:1409-1418.

SIMOES, A.O., M. FHONESS, T. VAN DER NIET, L.S. KINOSHITA & E. CONTI. 2006. Is Mandevilla (A M hi )

phyletic? Evid DNA loci l hol Ann. Missouri Hot sid 93: 565 —591.

SIMOES, A.O., L.S. KINOSHITA & M. E. ENDRESS. 2007. New contis in Mandevilla Lindley (Apocynaceae). Novon

17:87-90.

WOODSON, R.E. 1933. Studies in the Apocynaceae. IV. The A ican g f Echitoideae XXVI. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard

20:605-790.

WOODSON, R.E. 1936. Studies in the Apocynaceae. IV. The American genera of Echitoideae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.

23:169-438.

BOOK NOTICES

Two New Books on Pitcher Plants

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O IA PERA a

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 544. 2011

TRES NUEVAS ESPECIES DE MELIOSMA (SABIACEAE)

PARA COSTA RICA Y PANAMA

J. eee Morales

j rs adi. Al $ D: P 2 At JAAD) Apto $ y 3100

Santo Domingo de Heredia, COSTA RICA

RESUMEN

Meli tu LofisvM alicantha ies de C Ri P 4 1 i il das. Se discuten las

g , P

relaciones con especies similares.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Mesoamérica, Sabiaceae, Meliosma

ABSTRACT

eliosma cresstolina, M. laxiflora, and M. oligantha, three new sp f Costa Rica and P described and illustrated.

Relationships with Sar species are discussed.

KEY WORDs: Mesoamerica, Sabiaceae, Meliosma

Adal: /C..1 \ E pu E dn oes

80—90 especies, con un

ous Morales soe Todas dus especies del Dis Mundo (con excepcion de M. alba (Schltdl.) Sa

neds EAS die neotropicales nunca

m sido Gales en una revisión taxonómica y solo se ti | específicas (e.g., Morales

2003) o tratami florísti l ied 2001; Aymard & Cuello Nm. tes des ser

E o r ei e aki

"m ó 1 RE i SRE. 1 +]

E , p F

TAE DR | EU Pees ^ 1 S PU 1 11 inlagd e inflori

hojas (e.g. ero de

nuUi

cencia (e.g., indumento, tipo y numero de ramificaciones, tamaño de los scpelos y (odas y en general, no se

encuentran taxones polimórficos y con variaciones morfológicas extremas que hagan difícil la separación a

nivel de especie. menta la orma y tamaño de los pétalos internos (ubicados en forma opuesta a ini

E "e 1

anteras) es un carácter q los taxones, en adición a

Las flores de Meliosma y sus IS partes Gisualieenie mal interpretadas) se muestran en la figura 1 (siguiendo lo

establecido por Van om id 1).

Amavoría d 1 ms i J: -1 . . 23 1 »

7 LU y pL Ca»

tienen ibaibudones. amplias (e.g., Me glabrata (Liebm.) Urb [México, ‘Nicarezua. Coa Rica a Colombia,

Ecuador y Perú], M. dentata (Liebm) Urb. [México a Costa Rica]). Sin embargo, hay que tener cuidado en la

cetetmindeión T marri estéril, pues m lire carencia de flores o frutos muchos taxones son similares y se

puede

Prepar: 4 RPM CDD" "EG Rae Pets C "fac 15 Mol; 1 y tudio

de tardas] ti det de

taxonómico y monográfico en los bios 4 años, que hi incluido la revisió

scritos o retine pn esta área, así como E go e más de iius ejemplares de hetan y trabajo de

campo en 4 E ifica. Como resultado de

e. revisión, algunas novedades taxonómicas han sido publicadas Tapara (e. 8 cd et al. 2008;

Morales 2009) y hasta la fecha se han contabilizado un total de 32 g a. El prin-

cipal problema detectado es la incorrecta aplicación de nombres, tabo de especies no sonados en México O

Centroamérica, como de otras con distribuciones restringidas, pero cuyo nombre ha sido indiscriminada-

Ente usado para especímenes estériles (e. > M. pechientdiis Cuatrec.).

Durante la preparación del trat la Flora M i y el Manual de Plantas

de Costa Rica, tres n inc de Meli f ncontradas. Por lo tanto, son descritas a continuación.

re a

Bot. Res, Inst, Texas 5(2): 545 — 552, 2011

546

£f.

Journal of

xial de!

Fic. 1. Partes de una flor de Meli losma irazuensis Standl. UE — 19500, INB). A. Botones florales. B. Corola durante la antésis. C. Vista ada

tem?

acteolas. b. sépalos. C. pétalos ©

pétalo externo y estaminodio removido de ur a. D. Vi

d. pétalo interno. e, estaminodios. f. anteras.

n di S] s af lo j

| es al ilgunos dat

i Y, por to que pueden diferir de los

Meliosma cresstolina | | Morales, sp. nov. (Fio

ian sido tomados «

] ee 'soameric?

lel tratamiento de Flora Mesoa

1 Otros tratamientos previos.

Morales, Ti

An MA

547

ía et al. 7281, 1NB).A.Ri

flecha). E. Estaminodio. F. Infrutescencia

548 n wr D sal D ls pes eee £T. ri)

pipidamente glabrescentes, los tal-

A ast

Árboles de 5-7 m de altura; tallos já d l a

J E

los viejos glabros o cerca de eso. Hojas con el pecíolo 1,6-3,4 cm de largo, , pero gla-

brescentes; láminas 22,9—36,7(—56, 2 x EUN 8-15,5 cm, ando: elípticas a obovadas, el ápice obtu ed

deado y abrupta y cort p ,lal bt da, algunas veces levemente subcor-

dada o oblicua, no revoluta, el margen entero, glab daxialmente, el indumento denso y restringido

sobre las nervaduras, underadamiénte pibenn: en la pue abaxial, con 16 a 20 pares de venas se-

cundarias. Inflorescencias panículas tripinadas, caddie cm de largo, Sere tomentulosas; brácteas hasta

1,3 mm de largo; y i 1 mm de largo. Fl g , sésiles; sépalos 5, de 1,6-18

mm de largo, ancham lá bt d berul , el margen ciliola-

do; pétalos blancos a blanco-verdosos, los a externos s 4-2,6 de aro, mee los 2 internos 1,4-1,6 mm de

largo, linear-ovados, ubicados d abros; estambres 5, pero

solo 2 fértiles, las tecas 0,7-0,9 mm de largo, los estaminodios 1 6-1 7 mm de ‘ang bc glabros;

ovario glabro. Frutos 2,1-2,4 x 1,9-2,1 cm, piriformes.

Distribución, habitat y fenología.—Endémica a Costa Rica, donde se ha reportado que crece en bosques

nubosos entre 1600-2200 m de elevación. Especimenes con flores se han recolectado entre febrero y marzo.

] t y J + LE 1.

CIU T ai LU JT

Bae isl 13 f. ^r | As RES ER o OVV. 1

2003), pero M. cresstolina se puede sepa-

rar ficient por sus hojas con peciolos 1,6-3,4 cm de largo (vs. (4,5-)5-10,4 cm), con láminas foliares más

grandes (22,9-36,7(56,5) x 10,8-15,5 cm vs. ee aa 8x 7 9—6,1 "ud y de forma ovada a ovado-elíptica (vs.

obovado-elíptica a Macon yí con la b d lg eces levemente subcordada 0

oblicua (vs. cordada). Adici ,M lata ti fl licelad dicelos de 1,6—2,2 mm y crece

en bosques inherent o muy RITE NE entre 700—1000 m we se conoce aún de Costa Rica), mientras que M.

cresstolina tiene flores sésiles y crece en bosques nubosos entre 1600-2200 m. Meliosma cordata es conocida

hasta la fecha únicamente por dos maca waite sin p pero el resto de caracteres morfológicos son

bien diferentes de M. cresstolina. Otra p M. clandestina J.F. Morales, pero esta últi-

ma tiene peciolos muy cortos, que usualmente no exceden los 5 mm de longitud (vs. 1,6-3,4 cm de largo), in-

florescencias conspicuamente pendulosas (vs. erectas) y pétalos internos más cortos (1,1-1,2 mm vs. 14-16

mm).

Ftimolocia El enitetn d : 2 ^"

asi boe P g del nombre de la localidad tipo, Tres Colinas.

Especímenes examinados: CO RICA. Pu lLa Amistad

ict

estación Tres Colinas,10 sep 1996 (fr), Alfaro 740

(INB); Cordillera de Talamanca, Tres Colinas, 20 mar 1984 34 (MD, Davidse et al. mis s iust Buenos Aires, Le Colitis río Guineo, I7

sep 1996 (fr), Gamboa & Picado 649 (INB, MO); B I Lucha, 24 feb 2008 (fl), Rodríguez etal.

11917 (INB); Buenos Aires, parque internacional eese. Piel d'ami , 22 feb 2008 ue. Santamaría et al. 7081 (INB); parque

internacional La Amistad, entre Rancho Amuo y Cerro Seco, 25 feb 2008 (fr), Musis et al. 7214 (INB, ds TE. —

Amistad, Tres Colinas, sendero al cerro Kamuk, 27 feb 2008 (fr), Santamaria et al. 7281 (INB) erro Ámuo,

20 feb 2008 (fl), Solano et al. 4987 (INB, MO); Buenos Aires, parque internacional bis Aiid, ia Lucha, 22 feb 2008 (fD, Meus al. 5062

(INB, MO); parque internacional La Amistad, La Lucha, Potrero Grande , 25 feb 2008 (fr), Solano et al. 5163 (INB); parque internacional La

Amistad, 26 feb 2008 (fl, fr), Zamora & Solano 4080 (INB, MO).

Meliosma laxiflora J.F. Morales, sp. nov. (Fig. 3). Tipo: COSTA RICA. PUNTARENA ton de Osa, reserva forestal Goll?

Dulce, Sierpe, playa Campanario (San Josecito), 12 oct 1991 (FI), P. Harmon 273 (HOLOTIPO: INB).

A Meliosma glabrata (Liebm.) Urb. cui affinis petalis minori inoril

Árboles de = m nde Si tallos moderamente puberulentos cuando j jóvenes, pero rápidamente glabresce™

tes, los tall a de eso. Hojas con el pecíolo 0,4-1,4 cm de largo, inconspicuamente pubert-

lento o glabeescente- láminas 11,6-22,6 x 3,2-4,9 cm, obovadas a angostamente obovado-elipticas, el ápice

cortamente acuminado, la base angostamente cuneada, no revoluta, el pagn subentero a inconspicuament

dentado distalmente, prácticamente glabras, con 19 a 23 pares de venas secundarias. Infl ncias panícu

débilmente tripinadas, 19-22 cm de largo, diminutamente puberulentas; brácteas hasta 1,3 mm de larg?

,7 mm de largo. Flores laxamente dispuestas, sésiles a subsésiles, con pedicelos (cuando

presentes) hasta 1 mm de longitud; sépalos 5, de 0,8-1,2 mm de largo, anchamente ovados, el ápice redond

1,7-1,8 vs. 2,3-2,6 cm) differt.

perro er

6.3. Meliosma laxi i 273, INB). A.R 14 a fob porción de la inf aci

true stamh f ndtsla fenis i flacha) E Estaminodio.

5 1 Cae" S Ee 3 2: al m. UCM] Nen PS £T, ch)

50 ve

a obtuso, glabros externamente, pero el margen diminutamente cili lado; pétalos verde-crema, los 3 externos

1,6-1,7 mm de largo, glabros, los 2 internos 0,8-1,1 mm de largo, linear-ovados, glabros, ubicados dorsalmente

en la base del filamento y sobrepasandolo; estambres 5, pero solo 2 fértiles, las tecas ca. 0,4 mm de largo, los

estaminodios 0,7-0,8 mm de largo, subcuadrados, glabros; ovario glabro. Frutos 1,7—1,8 x 1,5-1,6 cm, piri-

formes.

iaa iig y used um oa a inus Rica, donde crece en bosques muy húmedos en ele-

vaciones de 0-2 do en julio y octubre. Frutos se reportan en julio.

Siguiendo el ideo de Morales (2003) para las ae de pen Rica y Panamá, Meliosma laxiflora

se puede confundir con x pomis (Liebm.) d y gua a Colombia Eust

el N de Perú), ya q f imil infl i

nadas, Sin bl M. tailors pero se pues reconocer por sus hojas con más pares de venas secundas

(19-23 vs. 13-18), inflorescencias con las flores laxamente dispuestas (vs. densamente aglomeradas), flores

con nies pesos externos EB p ,7 mm de largo (vs. 2,2-2,4 mm) y frutos más pequeños (1,7-1,8 vs. 2,3-2,6 cm).

de M. in son más pequeños os 8-1,1 mm vs. 1,7—1,9 mm) y no so-

brepasan los toros (vs. pi do los fil tos) y e especie que crece en eco-

sistemas costeros y zonas bajas, que no sobrepasan ^ 200 m de elevación (vs. b

400 m de elevación) El estudio de los arboles ubicados en la localidad "ee revelan que ^i lento —

tiene frutos muy pequeños, p M. glabrata, I

las cordilleras de PONI ET Tilarán y que tiene fi ho más grand

Ftimolooía t } £ : Toc fl : 5 ctfi 1 te distri

Etimología. p Į

buidas.

Topea Aae COSTA RICA. Pu ional Corcovado, Llorona, 13 jul 1977 (fl, fr), Liesner 3227 (INB, MO);

l Sierpe playa Campanario v jul 2003 (fr). Morales 19503 (INR)

Meliosma oligantha J.F. Morales, sp. nov. (Fig. 4). Tipo: PANAMÁ. PANAMA ional Altos de Campana, sendero al

cerro de La Cruz, 6 may 1993 (fl), M. Correa & E. Montenegro 9517 (HOLOTIPO: MO; 1: ISOTIPO: INB).

A Moli 7)

Morton ex A.H. G ffinis, sepalis minoribus (1-1,2 mm vs. 1,5-2 mm longis), petali inoribus

(1,82 mm vs. 4, 8-5, 2 mm longis) et fructis solici (1,7-1, 8 cm vs. 2,1-2,5 cm longis) differt.

Arboles o arbustos de 3,5-10 m de al llos i i x ort T

jóvenes, pero rápida-

mente glabrescentes, los tallos viejos Picos Hojas con 3e peciolo 04-1 cm de um. generalmente glabro;

láminas 3 ok B it x 1,9—6,1 cm, elípti p do, la base ancha-

l redondeada, no p el ma g tero, Imente glabras,

con 8-12 pares de venas secundarias. Inflorescencias espiciformes, 1-pinnadas o inconspicuamente bipina-

das, 0,5-1,7 cm de largo, glabras; brácteas 0,6—0,8 mm de largo; bracteólas 0,3-0,8 mm de largo. Flores por lo

general algo ag bsésiles o cortamente prune y con prie jemals ca. 1,5 mm de largo; sé-

palos 5, de 1-1,2 mm del ,ancham btuso, glabros ex-

ternamente, pero el margen ene ciliolado; pétalos anlar Gee a blanco-verdosos, los 3 externos

1,8-2 mm de largo, glabros, los 2 internos 0,4-0,7 mm de largo, ubicados dorsalmente sobre los filamentos,

pero no sobrepásándolos, escala twine Eibros pe 5, pero solo 2 icum las tecas 0,3—0,4 mm de

largo, los estaminodios 0,7-0,8 m ] , glabros: ovari . Frutos 1,7-1,9 x 1 4-16

cm, subpiriformes.

Distribución, habitat y fenología.—Restringida a Costa Rica y Panamá, en bosques muy húmedos o nubo-

sos, en elevaciones de 300-1600 m. Especimenes con flores se han recolectado entre mayo y julio. Frutos $

han recolectado en abril , Junio y diciembre.

En el

género Meliosma predominan las en cimosas y con ramificaciones evidentes (bi-o tri

pinnadas) y la presenc

a p es bastante inusual. Meliosma oligantha junto con M.

g ora Morton ex A. H. Gentry T Costa Rica y el O de Panama) son om únicos Eu» taxones que

tienen este tipo de inflorescencias en tds y O A acilk

ad, ya aque amba

E ) Sie CEA y : flores pero

, F

i eu "s IN Gf r PRBE SAY n 1

Ca. C. Vista adaxial de un sépalo. D. Pétalo externo, vista adaxial. E. Estaminodio. F. Vi I yr ( p

flecha). G, Fruto.

FIG. 4. Meliosma oligantha (A a E 9 34 D Canzález 2499 INR) A R infl ias. B. D

M. oligantha se puede reconocer por sus flores mucho más pequeñas, con sépalos de 1-1,2 mm de largo (vs.

iis mmm), pétalos externos de 1,8-2 mm de largo (vs. 4,8-5,2 mm) y frutos más pequeños (1,7-1,9 cm vs.

i 725 cm). Es importante recordar que M. grandiflora tiene los pétal is grand los | la fecha

entro del género.

: - E s tages Slew ne ay f ey ees

Etimología.—El ep p pocas flores

p d COSTA RICA. Al ij la: M 1 de la divisió Continental, 13 dic 1976 (fr), Dryer 1054 (CR). San

=. henge he: de la Virgen i le Quer l rio Negro, 18 abr 2003 03 09, González 3499 (INB).

PAN $ Talts d Campana d q d + Campana, 1 jun 2011 (fl), Carrión

& Stapí242 (PMA) 8jun 2011 (fl, fr), Carrión et al. 265 (PMA) parq ional Altos de Campana, al E del guardaparq

18 jul 1991 (fl), Correa et al. 7918 ( parq l Altos de Ca dela Cruz 15 abr 1993 (fr), C & M g

o Jefe, entre Alto P; y B 195 jun 1988 (fl, fr), McPherson 12609 (MO)

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Los siguientes herbari iti l lecci CR, n. MO. apes aude a i Pro

tos del la Flora Mesoamerican yelM lde Plantas de Costa R

Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) en diferentes oportunidades, asi como a 1 Alvaro cgale QAUM) Fund

Echeverría REES, Julio Petanca (COL), y i ae ie JA) por

herbarios Fi g alahararcin de Juan Cors y Mireya

Correa EMA por el envío lode Wale: de E migantha yd | de dicha especie recient

Panama. S g de Michael G y y de un revisor anónimo.

REFERENCIAS

AYMARD, G. & N. CUELLO. 2005. Sabiaceae, En, J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry & B. K. Holst, eds. Fl. Venez. Guayana 9:39-43.

Gentry, A.H. 2001. Sabiaceae. En: W.D. Stevens, C. Ulloa, A. Pool & O.M. Montiel, eds. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst.

Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85:2303-2306.

MENJIVAR, J., G. CEREN & J.F. MORALES. 2008. Sinopsis del género Meliosma (Sabiaceae) en El Salvador. Anales Jard. Bot.

Madrid 65:389-392

MORALES, J.F. 2003. Sinopsis del género Meliosma (Sabiaceae) en Costa Rica y Panamá, con tres nuevas especies. Sida

20:931-943.

MORALES, J.F. 2009. U i lad | | laé Meli (Sabi ). J. Bot. Res. Inst.

Texas 3:535-540

VAN BEUSEKOM, C.F. 1971. Revision of Meliosma (Sabiaceae), section Lorenzanea excepted, living and fossil, geography

and phylogeny. Blumea 19:355-529.

A TAXONOMIC TREATMENT OF DALTONIA

(MUSCI: DALTONIACEAE) IN THE AMERICAS

Piers Majestyk

701 Old Oxford Road

Durham, North Carolina 27704, U.S.A.

pmajestyk@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Th g Po ee a ae : is X £f p : Thi gni igh peci Daltonia bilimk D. jameso-

nii, D. lindigiana, D. macrotheca, D. marginata, D. ovalis, D. pulvinata, and D. splachnoides) within this region. Al he species, along with

descriptions, i d dicsbuHanal lod f, 1 :

KEY Wonps: Daltonia, Daltoniaceae

RESUMEN

El gé POL AMAT y NE, E IS nese ae È : } p i Daltonia biliml D. jamesonii

} L sj A A gi A e & 1 ) 1 I I i descrip-

D. lindigiana, D. macrotheca D. marginata, D. ovalis, D. pulvinata D. s}

iones. imá A; “1 . <f; J A A

ono

Daltonia Hook. & Taylor was first published by Hooker and Taylor (1818) based on two taxa previously attrib-

uted to Neckera by Hedwig (1801) and Smith (1814). Later work uncovered that the name Daltonia was in fact

illegitimate due to it containing the lectotype of an earlier described genus Cryphaea (Mohr in Weber 1813).

For more information on the conservation of the name Daltonia consult Crosby (1968). Bridel (1827) recog-

nized it as a monospecific genus consisting of D. splachnoides. Since Bridel-Brideri’s treatment, well over 100

names have been attributed to Daltonia. Crosby et al. (2000) listed 60 species as being currently accepted, al-

though many have not been ined since their original description

Brotherus (1907, 1925), Fleischer (1908), Jaeger and Sauerbeck (1879) and Schimper (1855) classified

Daltonia within a broadly defined Hookeriaceae. Miller (1971) removed Daltonia from the Hookeriaceae and

raised it to the family level. Buck (1987, 1988), Buck et al. (2005), Crosby (1974) and Whittemore and Allen

(1989) have maintained Daltonia within its own family although other genera incorporated within the family

have fluctuated considerably. Currently Daltonia is classified f 14 within the family Daltoniaceae

(Buck et al. 2005).

Species of Daltonia are distributed in the tropics to semi-tropics world-wide. They primarily occur at

igher elevati ] ks and branches of trees and to a much lesser extent on soil or rocks. They can be

} hed pinnately branched

recognized by their generally small

thi

1.1 1 M

PLY DIALICHUCO OL

Zoids, bordered, single costate leaves, and mitrate, ciliate calyptrae.

Measurements and description of leaves are those taken from the middle of the gametophore. Locality

data and elevation listed in brackets [] is my best estimate when this is lacking from the information on the

herbarium packet. Based on examination of material deposited at BM, BR, CANB, DUKE, E, EGR, FH, G, H,

HIRO, JE, L, MELU, MO, NICH, NY, PC, S, U, and W, I recognize 8 species as occurring in the Americas: D.

bilimbata Hampe, D. jamesonii Taylor, D. lindigiana Hampe, D. macrotheca Mitten, D. marginata Griffith, D.

ovalis Taylor, D. pulvinata Mitten and D. splachnoides (Smith) Hooker & Taylor.

Daltonia Hook. & Taylor, Muscol. Brit. 80. 1818. Neckera sect. Daltonia (Hook. & Taylor) Wallr., FL Crypt. Germ. 1:217. 1831.

ly, the branches

Plants small to medium-sized litt tufts. Stems + erect simple or! hi £ 8

: , 5 d i

not differentiated, evenly foliate; in cross section with orange, thick-walled cells surrounding larger, hyaline,

thin-walled cells, central strand none: rhizoids usually confined to bases of stems but occasionally reaching

J. Bot.

Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 553 — 575. 2011

1 er pt ee S tai D XS UNIT TS £T. PISA

554

higher, smooth; pseudoparaphyllia none; axillary hairs (2-)4-celled, the basal one short, brown, the upper

longer, hyaline. Leaves isophyllous, usually densely foliate, contorted or not, erect or spiraling about stem,

variously shaped, + symmetric, acut te, keeled; marg y several rows of narrow, elon-

gate cells, usually broader below, entire, plane or recurved; costa single, ending '2—% the leaf length or rarely

31.2 E. n 1 1 d, smooth, 1 1 s s 1 1 2 Air PCIE Asexual

BU. Moins soe cep Og cae ct 33 ,

propagula present or not, clustered at leaf base or at times occurring over the lamina or at leaf apex, elongate,

fusiform or rarely muriform when larger. Autoicous or synoicous. Perichaetia small; leaves few, erect, ovate to

ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate; margins obscurely bordered or not differentiated, entire or irregularly

A t

serrulate, plane or very weak, cells variously shaped. Setae elongate, papillose in upper

portion, or rarely throughout or + smooth; capsules erect to + inclined, ovoid to + cylindrical; exothecial cells

quadrate to rectangular or irregular, collenchymatous or not; annulus none; operculum conic-rostrate; peri-

stome double, attached near the mouth, yellow to light orange, exostome teeth triangular, not bordered or

1 + : 1 th E va E y LP T t

shouldered, recurved or + erect i ight to + zig-zag

a Y E O ,

median line, perforate or not, not f 1: end papillose to spiculose, basal : low, sz D

linear, ca. as long as the teeth, cilia none. Spores spherical, papillose or + smooth. Calyptrae mitrate, ciliate at

base, naked, smooth to | PME gh, N

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1. Leaves erect and not much contorted.

2. Mature leaves generally « 2.25 mm long.

21 f£ 4 + n 1 |

p Il id pper portion of seta noticeably papillose or rarely +

smooth D. splachnoides

1 £ AA ^ * PSE yo = va a 4

3. Leaf apex cuspidate ; elongate j | cells ( ti ging from the end of the costa)

usually noticeably evident; seta smooth D. ovalis

2. Mature leaves generally » 2.5 mm long.

41 £k 1 io ibis PA kh 1 £ L ii : MA LE n 1 D. lindigiana

4 i £L J 11 1, 4 I 1 Li i: . b s Li £, de L t 4: 1 i

y g lanceolate.

Ls Leaf border P L if t idl f l i | ll | ki D. bilimbata

5 1 th A L lel L n 1 1 1 uw MH. . J H 1 teh,

lamina D. ovalis

11 e I t. 1

6. Laminal cells + lenticular throughout D. marginata

6. Laminal cells not lenticular throughout.

7 leaf cells 4 i 1 q y the apex D. jamesonii

7 Leaf cell 1 i ae

g i hi 1 1 1 1 E I 1 1 L b 1 £.

D. pulvinata

j lan + L i bí 1 .

8. Leaves + linear to ovate- | lly bord ily frayed, not horizon-

me lly A 1 4- lax f ; g h ; L y m k pag 1 lly p D. macrotheca

1. Daltonia bilimbata Hampe, Linnaea 32:151. 1863. (Fig. 1). Prototocue: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca, Bogotá,

Monserate, 2800 m, Lindig 2056a (BM!).

Daltonia compressa Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12:400. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: COLOMBIA: Andes Bogotenses, Weir 349 (FH!, NY!, S).

Daltonia peruviana Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12:401. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: PERU: Andes Peruvianae, Cordillera de Raneo, Sachapala,

Lechler s.n. (NY), syn. nov.

Daltonia subi h., Biblioth. Bot. 87:129. 1916. PROTOLOGUE: BOLIVIA: Incacorral, alt. 2200 m, Herzog 4950 (H-BR!, W!). There

i ll Leid ith Herzog 4950 on the label f I locati id ba alin nat H-BR but with the name

D. trachydonta on the label. It contains only D. marginata. The collection f Vi inino t! ial contains mostly

D. marginata, but has also three stems of D. bilimbata. Th ial fi H-BR i ux LL iio bilimbata

Plants medium-sized, bright yellow to yellow-green, in small to large tufts. Stems 5-15 mm high, not much

branched. Leaves laxly erect, + flexuose when dry, erect to erect-spreading when moist, 2.25-4 mm long, ob-

long-lanceolate, acute; margins narrowly revolute on one or both sides, border + confluent at apex, 0-2 cells

wide above, 10-16 cells wide at base (sometimes narrower in small plants); costa ending ca. 4-15 the leal

l i i i ;

ength; upper cells short-linear to + rhombic, median cells short-rectangular to short-linear, basal cells recta?"

gular, + quadrate, lic ati : >

: Ase

y concolorous with laminal cells or sometimes light orange.

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 555

FERE

ae? ||

EAN

AAA

LAT

" —

—

m em e

ho,

Propagula medium-large (70-170 pm), hyaline, fusiform. Setae elongate, smooth to slightly roughened in up-

Per portion, red, 8-16 mm long, lightly twisted; capsules brown to bronze, ovoid-cylindric, 1-1.2 mm long;

exothecial cells thick-walled, quadrate in upper portion, + gul I furn; th yellow,

Papillose to spiculose throughout; endostome segments yellow, papillose throughout. Spores finely papillose,

14-19 um diam,

Daltonia bilimbata with its broad, basal border (quite distinct from the inner laminal cells) is unlikely to

be confused with other members of the genus. The inner basal cells are somewhat reminiscent of those of D.

ovalis and D pulvinat hal q P Fagor (X P ihe DuC M

In overall leaf shape D. bilimbata and D. marginata are fairly similar when viewed under the microscope

but the cell shape (consistently oval throughout in D. marginata) along with the generally contorted nature of

the D. marginata plants when dry will easily separate the two. When plants of D. pulvinata are on the large size

they can exhibit a broad border like D. bilimbata and both exhibit roughly similar cell hroughout th

ina. This could lead to confusion but plants of D. pulvinata have leaves that are a

Spiraling about the stem while plants of D. bilimbata generally have leaves that are erect. A collection from

Panama (Allen 9062, MO) is a good example, with both speci ing in th llection

When plants of D. bilimbata are on the small size the border is not as pronounced and the leaves may

Somewhat resemble those of D. macrotheca. Characters useful in separating these two taxa are the more glo-

, brown capsule of Daltonia bilimbata versus ical shaped, greenish tinged urn (before fully ma-

ee D. macrotheca. Also the leaves of D. biliml 1tol t and closer app l than those of

. Croth e. 3 27 * E ^ 1 4 1 1 ;

E O

Imost always somewhat

:0311

VIO.

556 i i 0

Daltonia bilimbata inhabits roughly the same type habitats and elevational ranges as the two most com-

mon species in the Western Hemisphere, D. marginata and D. splachnoides, and it is not uncommon to find

either or both in collections containing D. bilimbata.

Illustrations. SU 1; Bartram wes FL4 aes E a An D. peruviana).

Habitat —Epiphy py twig 220032003680) m.

R d: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Ch , Canton Ed one a ign ca. = Lion N de carratera nueva

(Coc A Cruz), 1707, 6554W, 2550 m, Churchill et al 21083 (MO). BRAZIL

20°30'S, 41°48'W, 2500 m fer-Verwimp & p 11502 (MO). COLOMBIA i da, Monserate, [5°49'N, 73°35'W,

2800 ml, I ee s.n. (L); li P. I g d San Cayetano la aguna vigne [5°11'N, 74°02" b eee m, c

nS Wit O d oe A a ) N, 77°07'W, 3300 m Rengifo M.

17538-B (NY) COSTA RICA SE of itof C le la M idg Tim x of El pee G 2k Wf Wen

to Villa Milla), 8°36'N, negate 3050 m, by 13132A (MO); San José: La Pal g 10°03'N,

83°59'W, 1640 m, Crosl 5895A (MO). ECUADOR. Carchi: 8 | Julio Andrade, 0°39'N, 77:43W, 3000 m, Sastre-DeJesús 723

(NY); Loja: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 6-7 km SE of park entrance along Hwy 39, S of city of Loja, 4°03'S, 79°10'W, 2700 m, Buck 39536

(NY). Pichincha: Cordillera Occidental, Río El Cinto below Lloa, S slope Volcán de Pichincha, 0°15'S, 78°37'W, 2770 m, Steere 26994 (NY);

Tungurahua: Montana is Aor. Sn Banos, Ax S, 78°22'W, 2000 m pacha & Jeppesen 253 (U). HONDURAS. Olancho: Sierra

de Algalta, M ks, 13 km NNW of Catacamas, 14°57'N, 85°55'W, 2354 m, Allen 127364

ini MEXICO. Puebla: between Acapulco and Cuetzalan, [19930' N, Petit 1500 m, Sharp et al. 1097b (MO). PANAMA. Bocas

oro: Cerro Colorado, 4.3 mi above Chami camp, 8°35'N, 81°45'W, je: m, e 5249A (MO). Chiriquí: along road to summit of Volcán

Baru, 8?45'N, 82?30'W, 3000 m, Allen 9062 (MO). PERU. p .Chanchillo, 42 km behind Balsas in the direction of

Leimebamba, [06°45'S, 77°54'W], 3 Hegewald & Hi ld 6747a (MO). A ho: H 25 km from Tapuna in direction of Ayna

(30 km from Ayna), [12°44'S, 73°28' ds 200 m, Heia. & Hegewald 9034 (MO). Cajamarca: Cajamarca, low bridge (Chalchuayacu) be-

tween Encanada and Celedin, [06°58'S, 78°15'W], 3550 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 6616 (MO). VENEZUELA. Merida: Distrito Libertador, El

Valle, a 12 kms NE from Merida, Quebrada de La Cana, 08°36'N, 71°09'W, 2400 m, pa et al. 38 (MO).

2. Daltonia jamesonii — earn Bot. 7:283. 1848. (Fig. 2). ProroLocuE: ECUADOR: Pichincha, summit of Mt

Pichincha, 1847, Jameson s.n.

Dal laevis Herzog, Biblioth. Bot. 87:128. 1916. P [BOLIVIA]: Auf scl Erde an feuchten Felsen der

Cann de Malaga, ca. 4000 m, Herzog 4415 (FH!, JE!), syn. nov.

Plants small to large, golden-brown to bronze or black, in small to rather large tufts. Stems stiffly erect, simple

or with a few erect branches, meu to ans cde cpanel mm as MH, irregularly. Lem má

cate, noticeably contorted wl

contorted when moist, (1.1—-)1.4-2. 6 mm ig thbedis d ovate, PA acuminate; margins u— oo

throughout, border + confluent at apex or ending subpercurrently, 0-3 cells wide above, 4-16 cells wide al

base; costa ending ca. %4—% the leaf length; upper cells short-rhombic, PET wanes. median cells quadrate 10

short-rectangular, basal cells rectangular to quadrate, orange across t on both surfaces

(seen in cross-section). Asexual propagula medium-sized (ca. 50—60 pm), sparse, doas muriform, ©

curring over lamina. Setae elongate, smooth, orange-dark red, 12-20(-25) mm long, lightly twisted at ape*

capsules erect, maroon, ovoid-cylindric, 1-2 mm long; exothecial cells irregular to + quadrate or hexago

firm-walled; exostome yellow, densely papillose throughout; endostome segments yellow, densely papillos

throughout, perforate to + eroded on the inner surface. Spores finely papillose, 17-25 pm diam.

SANES jamesonii is zn distinctive from the other bièn of Daltonia occurring in the New World

g in rather ae tufts, matted together at the base. All collections exa

iudi in the New World Mes one ken f f Mis m or p

The deeply keeled leaves form a broad median fold when viewed under tl The quadrat?"

ranged, rather large cells compose the bottom % of the lamina before giving way to short; rhomboidal cells

above. In cross section the cells of the nus are hat concave on both surfaces. Other members of the

genus exhibit flat or slightly the cell walls.

Morphologically D. jamesonii, particularly when on the small side, resembles D. himalayensis from Indl

and SE Asia. The collections of D. himalayensis me E bee riesen: were generally €: Mies Wr

lower (2400-3500 m) than those where D. j p jme

o o

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas

557

E ERN

AYE ^

n er X i

ja a

Ta n n | d

he ae EN

in Á

E TNA

ie A

ina

+ =>] >

m LLL

ara

ay ps E ed

tm y

Fi i x TS

6.2. Daltonja jamesonii. A. habit; B. |

558 i i (2)

nii is primarily a rock dwelling or terrestrial moss. The only other Daltonia consistently found at elevations

typically occupied by D. jamesonii is D. ovalis. These two are easily distinguished from one another by the

elongate juxtacostal cells in D. ovalis as yen "e di ED on which each is Seely found. The only collec-

tions of D ii that I h fthe A d in Papua New Guinea on

M" 1 i ds teeta | i (3550—4200 m).

Illustrations.—Fig. 2; Partis (1931, Pl. 3 fig. 8).

Habitat.—On rocks (volcanic, bedrock) or terrestrial, occurring in páramos and punas or high eleva-

tional ine at (3730-)4000—4700 m

1: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Cerros de Malaga, [18?24'S, 65°35'W], 4000 m, Herzog 4415 (JE, L). La Paz:

tna! "eth Sayaguira Head fR yag ca. 2.51 Hl dign 67?17' W], 4650 m, Lewis 87373

(L, MO, U); Prov. Larecaja, N lo Jankho U above Mina St. Antonio. f Milli 5°51'S, 68°34'W], 4500 m, Lewis

— oe lids ee V Boyacá: Sores oe Siera me del Cocuy, Alto Pda: qim N, 72227" W], ca. 4600 m,

d N del morro Pulpito del Diablo, [7?07'N, ee

4335 m, Cleef 8540b (U). Caldas: Nevado del Ruiz, lin NNE of the cone of Volcano La Olleta, [4°54'N, 75%22'W], 4150 m, Cleef & Flo

6004 (U). Nariño: Municipio de Túquerres, Páramo del Volcán Azufral [1°04'N, 77°41'W], 3730 m, Ramirez P. 6850 (NY), ECUADOR.

Pichincha: summit of Mt. vim, [00°10'S, 78°36'W], 4690 m, Jameson s.n. (FH).

3 Dal ?5 is. Ss. € LI

n. Sci. Nat., Bot. V, 4:363. He (Fig. 3). ProroLoGUE: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca,

Bogotá, In. 2700 m Jul 1859, ue 2023 (BM!, H-BR!, L!, NY

Dal Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12:399. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: COLOMBIA: Andes B B I pe Bogotá infra ru-

m stillicidia, ad (8500 ped.), Weir 193, 294, 336, 338 Gore: NY).

Dal Mi n. Soc., Bot 12:402 1869. PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR: A Quitensis, in in mans rug a

ped.) Spree 568 (BM!, E! H-SOL!. NY). syn. nov. ^ llecti by S ($567, #5

" 1 1 nm 1 lohnt ligi aand D, oa

LI 4 r O r

:J y ee 1 «hn : PEURS n

DM LE : RAD | Tick ii LI

r eo 4

bie: to D. | — llecti NY CAN i x i PN 1T 4 [HEER i 1 nd another

D. splachnoides. The tener #568 collection at BM consi ns D. lind-

giana, D. E and D. splachnoides. The smaller #568 envelope contains only D. ESA The #568 collection at H-SOL

contains both D. lindigiana and D. marginata. The #568 collection at E contains Pa D. lindi

domam verom "mis m Sci. bu Bot. VI, o mee ha cse LA RÉUNION: G. i nd dec d ee PC!) Arts

angusti ifolia var. angustifolia f which!

i in soy ed with ^ splacnoides. T Th y pe fi ll within my concept of D. indigna. The plants are e. larger than

those of D. li

D lindigian

Daltonia stewartii iR. S. Williams, Bryologist 27:38. 1924. PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR: Chatham Island, Stewart 2782 (NYD.

Plants small to medium, yale to gold , small to large tufts. St dark get roon, 610-5

mm high, ! hi I losely imbricate, 1 igl 1 t when dry (rarely sor

contorted in depanperte: collections’) + spreading when moist, a 5323 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, qe

acute to acuminate; margins recurved on one or both sides throughout, borders + confluent at apex, 03

wide above, 8-12 cells wide at base ca not inam distiugnisped SUE inner KE a Logd ca. Y the el

length or more, ud 11 ly I homboidal

to linear, basal cell A l iEn ,medium- de pm) 0

large-sized (90-110 pm), Boalo. spindle shaped, aida i base of lamina. Setae elongate, smooth or quitè

scabrous, dark red, 10-12 mm long, shorter in reduced forms: capsules erect, golden brown, ovoid-cylindné

0.75-1.0 mm long; exothecial cells subquadrate to mostly irregular, firm-walled; exostome teeth + erect, y

low, densely papillose throughout, fenestrate along the entire length of the teeth with the exception of p

kn region; endostome segments densely papillose throughout. Spores finely papillose to + smooth, 13-

um diam.

Daltonia lindigiana is not likely to be confused with other members of the genus when the -—

larger, as EE diendo sl me Hee bue of eons from Colombia. Confusion Xin D. Vet

like ely wh n ller plants

will help to separate the two are di

d below. Daltonia vicina has al homer neu and inner lami

cells that are not much differentiated in color or shape, whereas in D. der is generali j

559

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas

lis: D. habit: E. |

G A ae ae gr

-3. Daltonia lindigiana A, C. leaf outline: B.

Fic

Ww i i 0)

different color than th lly quadrate, inner lamina cells. Additionally the leaves of D.

narrower and of

lindigiana are usually straight and erect hn da in comparison to the generally more twisted leaves of D.

splachnoides. bd eques pe of hyaline pae on the lower acus of D. lence as well as the

t times the seta

VEU O 2 O rr lp a o

} ill be of little value when viewed al Ih peci f D. lindigiana with very sca-

: ; ; Eco

brose ruppe setae as well as D. splachnoides pl h relatively

I have culled D. lindigi f he West Indi Ily markedly smaller than those

O o 4

1 1 A 1 pag 1 J The majority of 11 ra J. g 11 EXA

D. stenophylla.

Illustrations.—Fig. 3; Williams (1924, Pl. 7 fig. 1-11 as D. stewartii); Bartram (1931, Pl. 3 fig. 9, Pl. 4 fig. 10

as D. cia Anp et > xcii fig. 35 "n senate): Arts MOX hg. 15 (1-12) as D. angustifolia).

th , 60010003425 m.

1: COLOMBIA. Boyacá: And [4°55'N, 73°22'W], 2615 m, Weir

193, 294, 336, 338 (NY ). Cundi B [4?45'N, 1354, 27007, Lindi 2023 COM, H-BR, L, ANA Cundinamarca: San

€— iei 74*04'W], 2820 m, Cleef 6592c (t ) Nariño: Pasto, S , 1°16'N, TM. ied

0 (MO). COSTA RICA. Cartago: along I Highway, bamboo brake about 8km NW

ST COTW 3200 m, Crosby & Crosby 5832 (MO). P Reserva Biologica de Bosque Nubosa de Monte Verde, 10°15'N, 85°03 W,

00-1600 m, Crosby 9968 (MO). S Pal Load 220 beyond San Jerónimo, 10°03'N, 83°59'W, 1640 m, Crosby &

A 5895 MO). DOMINICAN REPUB LIC. La Vega: 13.8 km S ep Valle Nuevo, 44. ad s s of MNA, N,

W], 2277 m, Steere 22722 (NY); The Pyramids, 401 845, 70°37, 2338m. Buck

14058 ond ECUADOR. Galapagos: Chatham dum oe 89°34'W], S 2782 (NY). Nap mayos

aeza-Tena road 6-15 km S of C [0°36'S, 77°52'W], 2165 m, Steere 27653A (NY). Pichi [ Río Alambi

long road leading W from N TO N slopes of Mt. Pichincha, 0°05'S, 78°30'W, aiin, pros 10575 mo». E

O M del Candado, 131 peque & El Cocal, 121 peque, 14°27'N, 89°04W,

2090 m Allen 14424 (MO). OL ho: Si Al ña Babilonia. 1 $ idle | ks, 13 km NM cM

14°57'N, 85°55'W, 2354 m, Allen 12736 (MO). MEXICO. Puebla: between Acapulco and Cuetzalan [19°30'N, 98°00'W], 1500 m, Sharp et dl.

1077-a (MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, 4.3 mi above Chami camp, 8°35'N, 81°45'W, 1700 m, Allen 5249 ue m

Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Calla Calla, [6°13'S, 77°51'W], 3100 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 6963b (MO). PUERTO RICO

Central, Caribbean National Forest, Toro Negro Division, along Hwy 143 at km 21.7-22, 18°18'N, 65°47'W, 1400 m, Buck 16218

Grande: summit of El Yunque, Sierra de Loquillo, [18°19'N, 65°47'W, 1060 m], Steere 6417 (FH, NY). ST. VINCENT: [13°08'N, 1°13 Wh

Guilding s.n. (NY).

4. p macrotheca Mir jJ. Linn. Soc. » Bot. 12:402. 1869. (Fig. 4). ProroLocuE: ECUADOR: Andes Quitenses,

Spruce s.n. (NY!)

Daltonia tenuifolia Mitt. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12:402. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR: [Chimborazo] Andes Quitensis, Pallatanga (6000

ped.), Spruce 561 (FH!, NY!), syn. n

Plants small to large, yellow-green, in small to large tufts. Stems orange-black, 5.0-55 mm high, branches in-

frequent. Leaves lax, + flexuose dry or wet, + seta near porom la of Taian 1.75-2.25 mm long, linear

lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate hout, border 1-3 cells wide at

above, 6-12 cells wide at base; costa ending ca. T icai length; udine! cells rhomboidal, short linear 10

elongate hexagonal, basal cells short rectangular to short linear, + bulging, thin-walled, + light-dark orang?

colored across the insertion. Asexual opens xum aon um) to medium-sized (60-70 pm), hyaline, fusi-

form, occurring near leaf base. Set pper ¥4, red, 5-14 mm long; capsule d

brown, cylindric, 1.0-2.0 mm long; exothecial Res quide to + irregular; exostome light orange, papillose.

fenestrate in upper a; endostome segments light orange, papillose. Spores not noticeably ornamented, 15-18

um diam.

The plants represented by the type of D. macrotheca are quite distinctive in comparison to the “normal

expression of the species. Stems of the type measure as much as 55 mm in height while most other collections

rarely aud l cm in bapi: One can an ari find fault with Mitten describing both D. macrotheca and D.

tenuifolia in t between the two types are quite striking but if my i

terpretation is connect such size variation occurs among several members of the genus (i.e., D. jamesonii, D.

lindigiana, D. ovalis, D. pulvinata). 1 believe that the plants represented by the type of D. macrotheca are just à?

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 561

Duhh idi ion of small plants from D. splachnoides); B-C. leaf

fi "

6.4. Daltonia macrotheca. A. habit (notice the relatively |

Outlines showina th Pee eet E R i a à

f the leaf which is a d isticof thi ies; D. basal porti of leaf showing the somewhat

bulging basal cells; E. mid-laminal cells.

inomaly R

e as ave coo x ‘ E > i .

y as Ihave seen ollect xther than the type that comes close to reaching their height and I find it

'it was the norm for the

lard to belie ro +) 1 | i

cve tnat [ lants o extensively collected :

ES such a stature would not have been

Decies. I have chose : : : et :

ave chosen to maintain the name D. macrotheca instead of D. tenuifolia because the type of D. mac-

it shows the morphological characteristics that diagnos-

nut os

" bus is in much better condition than the latter and

E UI a species very well. Even when small the plants of D. macroth

M about !^ from the base. The lax, flexuose nature of the leaves generally allows the stem to be seen

y which is uncharacteristic of the other species of the genus.

: zn ais D. splachnoides. Besides the previous mentioned c

hat of D. splachnoides Another characteristic that

eca have leaves that are somewhat con-

lar dii !

n The species most likely to be confused witl

. ma vus

i haracteristics these two can be separated by

pper seta of D splachnoides. T

ipsule of D. m

t D. macrotheca is also generally much larger than t

IS e J ¿

nerally has an area of bulging cells in the inner basal area

iseful

in ser :

n separating the two is that D. macrothec

that is ne Ms à

t present in D. splachnoides.

1 1 fel D H 1D Du: B Lj £T, cry

562 ui

Illustrations —Fig. 4; Bartram (1931, PI. 3 fig. 6, Pl. 4 fig. 16 as D. tenuifolia); 1949, fig. 131 G-H as D. tenui-

folia); Sharp et al. (1994, fig. 575 a-f as D. tenuifolia).

abitat.—On tree trunks and twigs, 1300-2680 m.

1: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Carrasco, El Limbo. i i | Chapare 17°08'S, 65°38'W, 2080 m,

Mori 6 Ahonen 398 (MO). COSTA RICA. Cartago: Dos — area, near 73 km marker on es Ryu Highway, SE of El

Empalme, 9°37'N, 83°50'W, 2680 m, Crosby & Crosby 8581 (MO). S ff W from na-

font "- $5 m S w Asseri, " km SSE of up 9°50'N, eue 2250 m, Crosby & AES 8560 (MO). ECUADOR. e along

Colorados, 0°20'S, 78°40'W, 2600 m, Crosby 10487 (M ONDURAS.

11-15 km E of Lake Yojoa, 14°47'N, 87°51'W, 1500 m, e 13992 (MO).

MEXICO. Oaxaca: on m hwy I 175, ca. ae e N of In E hou siue 96°29'W], 2100 m, Norris &Taranto 16415 (MO

Chiriqui: ca. 5.4 km from El Hato g N, 82°38'W], 1300 m, Correa 1440B (MO). PERU. al Aguas

Calientes near Machu Picchu, [8°50'S, 74°41'W], 2100 m, H ld € eae 8724 (MO). VENEZUELA. Portuguesa: 15 km to the E of

Chabasquen, 67 km NNE of Guanare, 9°27'N, 69°54'W, 14851 m, Steyermark et al. 126799B (MO).

Hn «add

5. Daltonia marginata Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. Misc. Arts Sci. India 3:270. 1842. (Fig. 5). ProTOLOGUE: INDIA:

Khasia Hills, Mawflong, Griffith 330 (H-BR!).

rn 1 or

Taylor, London J. Bot. 7:284. 1848. PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR: Pichincl [Mt.] Pichincl Quito, Jameson s.n.

(HD, sy syn. nov

all. Hal., S is M Frond ium | i 2:660. 1851 UE: Habitat in-

ca sine see Sines n. (2), syn. nov.

T3 1 La NAS

Linn. Soc.. Bot Suppl 2:146. 1859. P NEPAL: Wallich s.n. (NY!), syn. nov.

J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., Suppl. 2:146. 1859. PROTOLOGUE: CEYLON: Thwaites s.n. (NY!).

ee: patula Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7:162. 1863, Sici later homynym. Daltonia mittenii Kis, Proc. Third Meeting Bryologists

entral & East Europe 220. 1984. PROTOLOGUE: Po [Isla Bioko, Equitorial Guinea], Peak Clarence, alt. 7,000 ft, with

E nnata, Mann s.n. (BM!, NY!), syn. nov.

Daltonia brasiliensis Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 399. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: BRAZIL: Brasilia, Sierra de Piedada, porv. Minas Geraés,

Gardner 78 (H-SOL!, NY!), syn. n

Daltonia aristata Geh. & Hampe, d Meddel. Dansk Naturh. For. Kjoben. ser. IV, 1:121. 1879. P AZIL: Prope São

aulo, May-Aug 1879, Puiggari s.n. (FH!, H-BR!, L!), syn. nov. The collection at I i f D. splachnoides as well.

Masc a haem ap MR Sci. Nat. Bot., VI, 10: Hum INE PROTOLOGUE: LA REUNION: Ravine sèche, associé au D. minor, et

P.I h (BMD), syn. nov.

Daltonia intermedia Renauld & Cardot, pus Soc. Bot. Belg. 33(2):127. .I894[18051 open dad eer Daltonia cardotii Bizot€

Onr., Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 42:851. 1976. PROTOLOGUE: MADA AR: Grand C ), in jugo Ikongo, Dr. Besson s!

(PC), iis nov.

Müll. Hal., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5:201. 1897. PRoTOLOGUE: GUATAMALA: Coban, Dec 1885, d. v. Turckheim (H-

ma published: as D. ias ions an invalid, orthographic variant], sy

Broth., Bot. Jahr. Syst. 24:259, 1897. Foa CAMEROON: Mt. Kamerun, Bomana, ca. 1000 m, 1

Jul 1892. Di 776 (H poe a nov.

le i121 2, : A D

g D A 1.1.1 X xa n 3 sE . A £z mores 292.

1898. PROTOLOGUE: MADA ASCAR: Anl dinika, 1400 m, Dorrsn (PC) syn. nov.

Daltonia sam aks in Urb., ioe Antill. 3:426. 1903. oe LESSER ANTILLES: Martinique, i Ajoupa and Bouillon, ad

g 1901, Duss 345 (H-B

Dalt humilis M Fleisch Die M i B 3:062. 1908 P A, herhal Ib Tjibeureum

ue m, Fleischer s.n.; um Tjibodas auf Blättern 1500 m, Fleischer s.n.: ui Tjipannas in harten an Aesten 1000 m, Fleischer s.n. (FH!

s on same sheet), syn. nov.

ba latolimbata Broth., Biblioth. Bot. 87:129. 1916. dai BOE: lec . alt 2200 m, uis iege be syn. t

The isotype material at Jena contains two la pataand

D. marginata. The lower packet contains only D. marginata. S f the pl liff ly intl 1 h deere

$ 94 d

costal cells in the basal Te TE pani into context with other I hich exhibit cells of tl ture to V

deer v i ; ie plants

egrees, particularly D g g level particularly when normal

of D. marginata are present in the sample

Daltonia euryloma P. de la Varde, Rev. Bryol. Lichén. 18:18. 1949. PROTOLOGUE: CAMEROON: Baml „alt. 2000 m epiphyte sur bam

iles, M. Jacques-Félix 5434 (NY!, PC?), [packet also contains D. splachnoides], syn. n

Daltonia plicata P. de la Varde, Arvik. Bot., Andra Serien 3:181. 1955. PROTOLOGUE: ae orientale, [Mbarara]: Bujuku Valley,

lower part of the ericaceous belt, 3150 m, O. Hedberg 345e (PC!), syn.

in the

Plants small to medium-

sized, yellow to golden brown, small to medium tufts. Stems orange, 5-15(30) ™™

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 563

1000 um

D" marginata. A. habit; B- E leaf outlines (8. “brasiliensis” leaf morphology, C. “aristata” leaf morphology); D. laminal cells showing the

tico xli. $ fal L " jag DN S n hat rectangular

" whe cells.

" i i 0

du + ee per

high, rarely branching. L irall d when dry, erect to erect-spreading, not mu

moist, 1.53.0 mm long, Mb anote to eng e to lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate;

margins plane, border 1-2(3) cells wide above, 6-12(-16) wide at base, plane; costa ending ca. %5-% leaf

length; iii cll lenticular, ded in ee rows, ires: cells er to ni men becoming

se exual

dij ] sized (00. 450 um), hvali lio] fusif lvl hed

SACU ZUY y y VEAMCIICU

ond with rhizoide forming (Allen 12301, MO), occurring on stem. e Baie i in upper Y or rarely to the

base, reddish, 5-12 mm long; capsules reddish brown, ovoid to cylindric, 0.8-1.5 mm long; exothecial cells

subquadrate to irregular; exostome yellow, papillose to spiculose; endostome segments yellow, papillose to

spiculose. Spores faintly papillose, 111-8 pm diam.

Illustrations.—Fig. 5; Dozy & Molkenboer (1862, Tab. 155 fig. 1-46 as D. contorta); Brotherus (1925, fig.

592 A—E as D. contorta); Bartram (1931, PI. 3 fig. 5 3 e "m i as D. aristata, Pl. 4 fig. 16 as D. latolim-

bata (incorrectly labeled as fig. 14 in the plat 933, fig. 137 a-fas D. contorta); Bartram

(1939, Pl. 19 fig. 319 as D. contorta); COMME (1949, fig. 131 D-F); Potier de la Varde (1957, fig. 3 1-7 from holo-

type D. constricta); Welch (1966, figs. 131-138); Tan & Robinson (1990, fig. 12 as D. contorta); Mohamed €

Robinson (1991, figs. 30-36 as D. contorta); Sharp et al. (1994, fig. 574 a-f); Churchill & Linares (1995, fig. 56

g—m); Kis (1996, fig. 1 13 from holotype D. latolimbata); Buck (1998 Pl. 1 fig. 7-10); Gradstein et al. (2001, fig.

105 J-P); Buck (2003, fig. 83 A-F).

Habitat.—On twigs and tree trunks primarily although occasionally growing on bamboo or leaves, in

humid and cloud forest, (350—)1000-—3000(—4000) m

Daltonia marginata is one of the most widespread and easiest species within the genus to identify. The

31 1 1 Le 1 ey NE EIN 3 1 11.,1 1 3:03 . A WO S <i hae quu

WICH UI y ca

p th The only

species likely to be confused with D. marginata is D. pulvinata whicl hibi hat gd cells in the

distal half of the lamina and has leaves which are contorted as well. The more horizontal arrangement of the

leaves armon the stem in a pan as well as the generally quadrate nature of the basal cells will aid in

mE 1 ; 1l E 1 > p 3 OUT 2

3. 1 Y 1 X EE 1: 3 :11 E 1 1

with D.

1 1 e eo o E Li

marginata: is e far ranging D. splachnoides which is easily identified from D inata by its generally smaller

arg y its general

size as g leaves that are not mar kedly contorted.

"PLC £L p^r : y ce . L1 lg 4 3 73 a 1 names

quite variable which I

being associated with the species. V iewedin tł fi h as the type of D > latolimbalé with its

very broad ovate lel Icell het fD. inata which is on the

opposite end of the size spectrum for the species and bears more or less nal narrow, "lanceolaté leaves one

can certainly see how mistakes could have been made in assigning new names to a plant that exhibits such

E Y i 2 Lo } : | PEN pe 3-3 D 31 Eo 34 . 37 2 afore -

LI O r 4

: E" * hal E

tioned characteristics, contorted leaves and lenticular cells throughout the lamina, remain consistent acros

the spectrum.

Representative specimens examined: BELIZE. Toledo: Columbia River Forest Reserve, Little Quartz ridge, along trail from HLS 500 ©

4'N, 89°06'W, 1045 m, Allen 18958 (MO). BOLIVIA. Antioquia: Valdivia oe carretera a Briceno, i ini de Quebrada El

Oro, 7°07'S, 75°47'W, 1695 m, Churchill et al. 18351 (MO). Cochabamba: Carrasco, Serrania Siberia. ca. 4 4 huro, 1748405,

64°46'44"W, 2720 m, Churchill et al. 22636 (MO). La Paz: Nor Yungas, 20 km SW of a junction on road to Unduavi, 16°18'S, 6750W,

2500 m, Crosby 13592 (MO). Potosi: Inca Corral, [18°04'S, 65°50'W], 2200 m , Herzog 4950 (L). Santa Cruz: Manuel M. Caballero 11 km este

de Siberia, 1 km por San Mateo, 17°50'S, 64°41'W, 2540 m, Churchill et al. 21884 (MO). Tarija: Arce, Municipio de Padcaya. Reserva Nat

Alarachi, Zona Alarachi, Cerro Los Tejerinas, 22°11'S, 64°36'W, 2025 m, Churchill et al. 23402 (MO). BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Pocos

aldas, Morro Sao Domingos, 21°48'S, 46°34'W, 1580 m, Scháfer-Vervimp & Vervimp 14424 (BR, MO); Rio de Janeiro, [22°54'S, 43 14'W) vat

Deventer s.n. (L). Sao Paulo: Mun. Guapiara, Serra Paranapiacaba, Fazenda Intercales, slopes of Morro do Mirante, 24°16'S, 48:25 'W, 900m,

Vital & Buck 20467A (NY). CHILE. A : Hwy P-80-R, 3 km E of Antiquina, 38°02'S, 73°21'W, 350 m, Ireland & Bellolio 33520 d:

COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Caldas Municipio, Vereda La Corrala, cerca de Medellin, 6°17'N, 75°32'W, 2360 m, Churchill et al. 155 557 (MO)

ueva Granada, Tequendama, [05°44'N, 74°16'W], 2500 m, Lindig s.n. (L). Cauca: Municipio de Popayán, ca. 10-12 km from

pns Hacienda Cantaclaro de Mauricio Pinzon, 02?3I'N, 76°34'W, 1800 m, cual "i Franco 16587-c (NY). Nariño: Municipio P

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 565

Vereda Daza, 10-12 km de Pasto via a Buesaco, 1°15'N, 77°16'W, 2890 m, Churchill et al. 16666 (MO). Putamayo: San Francisco, entre El Rio

Blanco and San Francisco, 1°10'N, 76°49'W, 2650 m, Ramirez et al. 8528 (MO). COST. ras Mew ems "e uin: in 10 20N.

84°30'W, 1400 m, Crosby 3796 (MO). Cartago: Madreselva area, near Rio Macho, 2 |

Highway 10 km SE of El Pore ae N, Andee W, A m, (Oy & oer 5843 (MO). AA Las Vueltas area, 18 km N of San oe

pindi 84°03'W, ium by , 8°48'N, xad 1200 m, Gomez 25379 (MO). San José

L 1220ł 1S imo, 10°03'N, 83°59'W, 1640 m, Crosk ry 5890 (MO, U). CUBA. iod M

Pico louis, 20°03'N, 76°35'W, 1350 m, Pócs 9066/DF (EGR). Santiago de Cuba: La Gran Piedra, fi b

lodge to summit, 19°59'N, 75°35'W, 1100 m, Buck 7647A (NY) Barah bove M da N aT bis N had

Cabral, de 24 km E to *El Mud 18*18'N, kn W, 1310 m, Buck 8165 (NY). Ind i

crest of th de Meil 8°40'N, 71°30'W, 1850 m, Norris et al. 6039 (NY). La Vega: vicinity of Constanza on

Ben Valle Nuevo, [18°52'N, 70%43'W1, 1400 m, Allard 16564 (NY). Santiago: Pico ice iri HN! dig N, m ue 1590 (NY).

1 km S of Sigsig on road to Gualaquiza, oii 78°48'W, 2928 m, B z, top

i Cero Matrida, TuS 90°20'W, 675 m, van xa Werff 1778 (1 go: along Gual Gral, L. JM Gutierrez (“Limón”)

N 1, 23.6 km SE of shri 3°00'S, 78°27'W, 2240

m, Buck 39275 (NY). Nipe 8.9 km S of OREL on road to pee 0°40'S, 77°51'W, 1800 m, Churchill & Sastre-DeJesús 13626 (NY).

Pichincha: W slope of Pasachoa, ca. 30 km SSE of Quito, 0°25'S, 78°28'W, 2900 m, Buck 10120 (NY). Tungurahua: 14-19 km W of Baños

along road 78, slopes po we oin of Río dbp c 1°25'S, 78°25'W, 1800 m, Crosby 10621 (MO). auia c Cordillera de

Sabanilla, ca. 44 km S of V (Hwy 39), 4°30'S, UN isa m, mei Li dur: aem ent de

l'Ouest: vici cinity of Furcy, 15°25'N, 72°19'W, 1300 m, Leonard 4620b (NY). S I

1521N, 72°15'W, 1900 m, Buck 9454 (NY). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Cordillera de M illos M de San Jaunillo, trail between

Cerro San Jaunillo & La Danta, 14°30'N, 87°52'W, 2020 m, Allen eus ig CURT Cusuco National Park, along Río Cusuco from Park

Hdq. to ne del Río Cusuco ca. 22 km W of San Pedro Sula 1, 15°30'N, 88°13'W, 1570 m, Allen 14364 vara

ntaña de Pea astris = stream below kde Don Tomás, Wes iid 2040 m, Allen 11251 (MO). Ocot

Finis ih Candad & Cerro Fi Cocal 121 14°27'N, 89°04'W, 2090 m, Ane

15884 (MO). Olancho: La Muralla Biological hans , 8 km NNW of La Union, 15°05'N, 86°44'W, 2354 m, Allen 12851 (MO). JAMAICA.

Portland: just N of Hardwar e (18:00, blo WI, MM mein 1104 TMO P MEXICO. Hildago: Honey Station, [20°30'N,

9900W], Pringle 10487 (L, MO, NY) [16°54'N, 96°00'W], 2250 m, Iwatsuki &

Sharp 5341 (MO). Puebla: ris Acapulco and ostium, [19°30'N, 98°00'W], 1500 m, Sharp et al. 1097-b (MO). Veracruz: Jalapa

Municipio, 17 km NE of Jalapa along Mex Rte 140, 19°32'N, 96°55'W, 2150 m, uias THO: ài bti PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Cerro

O). C

mex, 43 mi above Chami camp, 8°35'N, 81°45'W, 1700 m, Allen 5249A (M ll tón, base of Cerro Pilon, 8°35'N,

S90, 1000 m, Crosby 4392B (MO). Veraguas: 10.4 km ie road ners NW ke Escuela Aih d de SEENA ” 54 km NW of

Santa Fé, 8°30'N, 81°05'W, 350 m, Crosby 10150A (MO). PER Mar, 3 km from Ay ho, 12°39'S,

1355W, 1500 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 9044 (MO). C Suchub S of southern border of M ark on road 100, 3000 m,

Majestyk 4952 (pers. coll). Huanuco: Aguas Calientes near Machu Picchu, 8°50'S, 74°41'W, 2100 m, Fond 6 poa 8790 ER

Pasco: Ox apampa, Rio Yamaquizu valley 16 km from turn off main road, 10°37'S, 75°22'W, 2550 m, Smith C-25 (MO

: : along E of Jayuya, km 30 on road to Ciales, 18°17'N, 66°32'W, Steere 6081 (NY). Ponce: Cordillera Central, bius Vente

es Toro Negro Division, along Hwy 143 at km 20, 18°18'N, 65°47 W, 1500 m, Buck 15999 (NY ). VENEZUELA. Aragua: along highway

Vicinity of Colonia Tovar, 10°25'N, 67°17'W, 1800 m, P: 94 (MO). Portuguesa: 15 km to the E of Chabasquen, 67 km NNE of

ua o

nate, 9°27'N, 69°54'W, 1485 m, Steyermark et al. 126799B (MO).

ovalis Taylor, London J. Bot. 5:66. 1946. (Fig. D PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR ks of t on Cayambe

about 14 000 ft, 20 Oct 1827 Jameson s.n. ( Yn

Paltonia cucullata itai Linnaea 32: 151. 1863. P PROTOLOG LOMBIA: Bogotá, Los Laches, 2800 m, " 1183, peru

BM). The type D ovalis closely. Botl I l I 1 I g

the elongate H 1 He: eg 1 1 ; NR ke +

Daltonia trachyodonta Mitt. idi Lis R Bot. 12:400. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR: Andes Quitensis, Cayambe, una cum D. ovali,

Jameson s.n, (NY), sy

Pep vesci Gch « «i & Hampe, Flora 64:405. 1881. PROTOLOGUE [BRAZIL Apiahy, nd 1879, 9, Pulgar 985b (BM!, H-BR! NY),

yn. i

D. pulvinata

The collecti H-B i 1 lants both of which are D. marginata T seater ... " Puiggari (#892) a aan

k r

earlier in the « 1 : 1 fn her collection at L (1 yP

pu lvinata]. A

all of which are D. ovalis.

Daltonia valdiviae seins Hedwigis 64: " Lgs passed us An Ps im Stadtpark von Valdivia, Dec 1911, Herzog

5268 (FH!, JE!) p ovalis ae are present on the leaf ba

Daltonia rufescens ei PR o Mus. Bull. 40: 2. 1927. PROTOLOGUE: HAWAII: West Maui, mountain ridges, on Ea elev.

1500 m

m, D. !

, Syn.

nek ot EIR Bogota, 3300

Daltonia in: EB. fais. Bull. Torrey Bot Club 58:37. 1931. :

m, Troll 2176 QED), syn. nov.

ris

f Texas 5(2)

He ob "WS f the "brevineri 4f

Fic. 6. Daltonia ovalis. A. habit; B. upper portion of lamina st ing the broad band of elongated j l

“fenestrellata” plants; C-F. from left to right “gomezii’, “typical” ovalis, “brevinervis”, “fenestrellata,”

Daltonia trachydontia Mitt. ex E. B. Bartram, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58:43. 1931. nom illeg., orthographic variant. by 61 30 (MO!

~- : WI : i osby & Crosby 0+3% 5

Daltonia gomezii Crosby Brenesia 4:10. 1974. PROTOL OGUE: COSTA RICA. Cartago: NW of La Ascensión, Crosby & C

Syn. noy

1 lo Sumana

d 2 E

Daltonia fenestrellata D.G Griffin, Brittonia 32:214. 1980. PROTOLOGUE: COLOMBIA. Meta: Cerro Neva

Buque, 3350 m. ¢ leef 7820 (UN.

z, Quebrada $

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 567

Plants small to medium-sized, yellow-g to golden b ,1 ll her large tufts. Stems black, 10—50

mm high, branching irregularly. Leaves laxly erect-imbricate or moderately spiraling (i ller plants), apex

r O

+ curved to downward pointing when dry, erect to erect-spreading when moist, (1-)1.5-3 mm long, ovate-

1 1 Is 1 : J 1 +L Es

] lent

ig mets AS

atapex or ending subpercurrently, 0-2 cells wide above, 6-14 cells wide at base; costa ending ca. '5— the leaf

length; upper cells short-rhomboidal, firm-walled, median cells sl gular-short linear/rhombic, basal

cells short-rectangular to + quadrate, g he i ion. Asexual propagul 11 (10-30 um), orange-

red, or larger (70-200 pm), hyaline propagula present as well, ellipsoid to fusiform or rarely muriform, occur-

ting over lamina. Setae smooth to slightly roughened in upper portion, red, 8-13 mm long; capsules erect,

rown to + maroon, ovoid-cylindric, 1.0—1.5 mm long; exothecial cells subquad hexagonal, firm-walled;

exostome teeth orange at base becoming yellow above, densely spiculose throughout; endostome segments

yellow, densely spiculose throug! Spores finely papillose, 14-24 pm diam.

Illustrations —Fig. 6; Brotherus (1927, PL. 6 fig. 20 from holotype D. ruf. ); B (1931, PI. 3 fig. 7 as

D. brevinervis, Pl. 4 fig. 18); Potier de la Varde (1955, fig. 28 A-K from holotype D. plicata); Matteri (1975, Lam.

ll figs. 1-9 as D. trachyodonta); Griffin (1980, figs. 1-8 as D. fenestrellata).

Habitat.—On twigs of trees and shrubs, rarely on bamboo nodes or rocks, occurring in páramos and

cloud forests, at (1640—3100—4300 m.

cda SS A f f dl ti Si. 1

R2 : n

e variabilit ize, leaf shape, border gate J

costal cells has helped to create confusion in this species. The only other Daltonia species in the Americas

which exhibit at times abundant, elongate j tal cells are D. lindigiana and D. marginata.

Depauperate populations of D. ovalis, which sometimes consists of leaves with only a narrow band of

headin tote 1 iE : s c A FA : f 1

elon e

; eme i

D. splachnoides

t ! x £

Lh a

With markod] 1 9 at aa 11 1 : A lativel

capsules of D. ovalis will help in distinguishing the two taxa. Larger plants of D. splachnoides are generally

separable from D. ovalis by the consistently acute, plane leaf apex of D. splachnoides versus the subulate, cuspi-

date to attenuate apex of D. ovalis.

The more robust plants of D. pulvinata at ti very ity

plants of D. ovalis generally have a more prominent attenuation at the leaf apex. The two can usually be sepa-

rated by the frequent presence of larger, hyaline gemmae in D. pulvinata although I have seen similar gemmae

z : few collections of D. ovalis. Daltonia pulvinata also generally has some plants with leaves horizontally spi-

taling about the stem while the leaves of D. ovalis are consistently erect.

piel growth iim represented by the type collections of D. brevinervis and D. f

bcd m "normal" D. ovalis plants. These plants have smaller leaves (1-1.5 mm long) tit are narrowly ovate

t ate-lanceolate with a generally downward curved, cuspidate apex. Some collections have this atypical

8rowing alongside “normal” D. ovalis and in some cases plants exhibit both types of leaves on the same

stem. Collections by Churchill et al. 22772 (MO), van der Werff & Gudiño 11457 (MO) and Cleef 7817 (U) contain

plants that exhibit the wide array of variation in thi ies. A collection from Costa Rica (Arts CR 13/33 (BR))

a Excellent specimen for showing the extreme variation in size of the plants with the larger pl ituated

*ctly above the smaller ones on the same grass culm.

wee that remain fairly stable are the golden brown

€ insertion, the small orange-red l i

lentimes extendin

(e SETS 1 s :1 1 F 1 1 lel E

11 ICAL IOI HUP y UML Ss

ellata is markedly dif-

color of the plants, the dark-orange cells

the lamina, elongate juxtacostal cells (of-

dci g outwardly beyond tl on A times fairly indistinctive (only 1-2 rows adjacent to

i Weed short, rectangular or quadrate arranged basal-mid laminal cells and a generally smooth or very

ightly Papillose seta. Most collecti ined where taken from 3000 m or higher elevations.

a specimens examined: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Chapare, 80 km de Villa Tunari, between Locotal-Coroni, gun nuevo

A aL Cruz, 17°12'S, 65°58'W, 2600 m, Churchill 22728 (MO). La Paz: Franz gg n Area Natural de Manejo a

sys à, 14°41'03"s, 69°05'35"W, 4150 m, Fuentes et al. 8311 (MO); Murillo, Mina San yai eee Nor TS. " "di *

:3700 m, Churchill et al. 22772 (MO). Santa Cruz: Manuel M. Caballero, Serrania de Siberia f Siberia, 17°50'S

nE ,

645 au E

FW, 2880 m, Churchill et al. 22029 (MO). CHILE: Valdivia, An Baumrinde im Stadtpark von Valdivia, Dec 1911, Herzog 5268 (FH, JE).

1 1.f4h.D 22. D h inctitut £T. PI^

568

COLOMBIA. vm Meine Chita, carretera Cha socis subiendo el ue pn TN, ssa itl 3400 m, Escobar A. & Santa 509

(NY). Caldas: V I IN 55'N, 75°21'W, 3575 m, Churchill & Betancur

ins (MO).C : Volcán P , Cal Río Vinagre, (2:19, (nine ca. 3800 m, MAE 640 (U). Cundinamarca: an

de b hen, P: EIB EM O'N, el. ms m, Troll e a S); Paramo Cruz Verde

wai Mei 3300 m dt 78.4.9888 (BR) Maa: C Nevado d 3°56'N, 74°07'W], 3350 m, Ee

7820 (U). Nariño: Pasto Municipio, Volcán Galeras, in Bases ]?12'N, 77°20'W, 3900 m, Cle Rego 1706 (MO). Quindio: Ce

de La Linea, between Armenia and Ibague, 4°28'N, 75°33'W, 3140 m, Churchill 17197 (M

cerca Hda. La Sierra, 4°49'N, 75°29.5'W, 3700 m, woo (U). — sane AS "ule. carretera a Presidente- Cerrito, Páramo E

Almorzadero, [6°51'N, 72°42'W], 3750 m, Escobar A. 6 290 (NY)

of N of city center of San José, 10°11'N, 84°14'W, 2500 m, Crosby & pats 5896 pony a ding Inter American —— di

brake about 8 km NW of summit iss La oec du N, Pestis patin & Crosby 6130 (MO). Heredia: Las Vueltas area, 18 km N

D 1

José, 10°06'N, 84°03'W, 2100 m 6 Nacional Tapanti, Macizo de la Muerta, Reserva roi

Santos, summit of Cerro de la Muerta, Y f Ruta 21 Km 89 and 90 Ye } h 9°33'17"N, 83°45'24"W, 3500 m, Buck

44214 (NY). ECUADOR. Azua f Si iza, 3°07' s, 78°49'W, 3265 m, Buck 39330 (NY). Carchi: along road

Tulcan-Maldonado, W of Tufino, 0°45'N, 7T55'W, 3730m, Buck 10217 (NY). Cotopaxi: Volcán See NWslope, road from Panamerican

Highway to Parque Nacional prc 41'S, 78°26'W], 3500 m, Frahm & Gradstein 14 (U). Imbabura: Cordillera Oriental, road up N

slope of Volcán de Cayambe, 0°07'N, 7 W, 3877 m, Steere 26867 ieee -— doses on d road VUA dd S, 79° pi A van

ie v 9454 (MO). Napo: plas Sumaco, sms S, 78°38'W], 3750 m ichincha: C

, [1915'S, 78°12'W], 3800 m, Steere & Balslev 25705 (NY). air eon Cordillera de Saban ile ca. 44m Sof

Vidas on Sed to Zumba (Hwy 39), 4°30'S, 79*08'W, 2800 m, Buck 39508B (NY). HONDURAS. Lempira: Montaña de Celaque, Río

Naranjo, ca. 10 km SW of Gracias, small peak SE of Camp Don Tomas, 14°32'N, Ww umm m, Mei 12008A (MO). MEXICO.

Hildago: Honey Station, [20°30'N, 99°00'W], Pis cipe (L, MO, NY). PANAMA Volcán Baru, 827N,

82°18'W, 1800-3400 m, Allen 9160A (MO) U. Amazonas: Checo Calla Calla, (6135, TPSUWL 3100 m, Hegewald & Hegewald

pei MON iride Dt, Medis Tabs and Ayna, [12°47'S, 73°58'W], 3825 m, Hi Hegewald 9105 (MO). Junin: Huancayo,

y 14 Wn Roe Chilifruta, ipee 5 74935' W], 3650 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 9271 (MO).

VENEZUELA. Aragua: along highway in the vicinit nia Tovar, [10°25'N, 67°17'W, 2000 ml, Pursell 9294 (MO). Mérida: Rangel

Sierra de Santo Doing [8054 N, 7100W], 3500 m ‘Griffin 1236 (MO).

7. Dal i lvi Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12:398. 1869. (Fig. 7). PROTOLOGUE: COLOMBIA: Andes Bogotenses, propt

Bogatá, Weir (HOLOTYPE: NY).

Dal luta Broth., Philippine J. Sci. 5:156. 1910. PR PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Provi f Benguet Mount Pulog, For. Bur.

16405 Curri itt & Aschokke (FH!, H-BR!).

mit mildbracdi Broth, Wi haftliche Ergebnisse der D hen Z l Afrika-Expedition 1907-1908, Botanik 2:164. 1910.

Wer eee poe parlich, ca. 1200 m (Sep 1907), J. Mildbraed 861 "E BR)), [typ has label information

pp I l 1900 d 1 fA ig 1907] syn. nov

Daltonia pellucida H Biblioth. Bot. 87:128. 1916. PR BOLIVIA: Auf B ^ im Nebelwald üb Comarapa, ca. 2600

m, Herzog 4214, 4281, 4294 ipis syn. nov.

Te constricta P. de la Varde, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 26:4. 1957. P MOZAMBIQUE g in near Gogog?

O ft, 6 Jul 1955, E. E she 5575a (BM!, PC!), syn.

sen o Bizot, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 40:126. 1974. Mee LA RÉUNION. Plaine des Cafres, aux sources Reilhac, Su! "

arbre isolé, M. Onraedt 147 prie

Plants small to medium-sized, daré. green, i ll her large tufts. Stems erect, orange to red, 3-15

mm high, rarely branching. 1 lly flexuose when dry, + 1; 1] nged arou

2? r E panes = |

ha oblono-lan lato +A nhl alat an nae j

san. 1.0 = mm long, g g-ligul [ te, + slightly falcate when

both sides, bis conilucit atapex, 1-2 cells wide above, 8-160

wide at beoe: costa ending 15% the leaf length; upper cells short rhomboidal to linear to lenticular, mid lami-

nal cells short rectangular to + pentagonal/hexagonal or lenticular, basal cells short-rectangular to + bulging

hexagonal, - quadrate A sized (60-75 um) to large (125 um), often numerous, hye

line (Sn netipies becoming darker ire anne) fusiform, usually occurring in groups at the confluence of the

leaf and stem. Set

pper half, orange-red, 4-11 mm long; capsules erect, olive-gree

to brown or + teja.: + cylindric, 1.0-2.0 mm long; cua cells quadrate to pentagonal/hexagon? orit

regular, firm-walled; exostome pale yellow, papillose; en ts pale yellow, papillose. Spores relr

tively smooth to lightly papillose, 13-19 pm diam. j d :

; Illustrations —Fig. 7; Bartram (1931, Plate 3 fig. 1, Plate 4 fig. 12 as D. pellucida); Sharp et al. (1994, fig. 573

ilie. ^

^ | piep -we

Po au ane A

uic mate ee

Neve y

D. basal cells.

—

wad

có

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas

570 i i (2)

Habitat. —On tree trunks and branches, (700—)1200—3800(-4200) m.

Daltonia pulvinata is generally very easy to recognize. Most collections have some plants with the hori-

zontally, sighs haves hii the stem that are not much cade in ap members of the genus. At times

pane nts bot D. jameson hat spiraling near the | I it in n species id Ee b

q ] gl most of the lamina wl I 11 fD. 1

only in the bottom ¥ of the lami 1 predominately lenticular in the upper 2% of the lamina. Chae of hya-

line g freq ly found near the i ti f leaves in the bottom half of the plant.

F the material 1 h ined it is not uncommon for D. pulvinata to be growing with D. ovalis and

D. splachnoides and to a lesser extent D. marginata.

Talodd 1 hina Dj E. D I rey ae Tei Ar

Representative specimens examined: BELI

16°22'N, 89°07'W, 700 m, yr 18677 (MO). BO! LIVIA. Cochabamba: ede Canton Paracti, ae El Ronco, carretera ani

Chapare, 17°14'S, 65°42'W, m, Churchill 20579-A (MO). La Paz: Inquisivi rgadero, S

ee - sige Ventanani ca. 2 m N rot pos "is 28 km NE of Inquisivi, 16°45'S, 66°56" W, 3800-3830 m, Looks 87- 747 me

^r g mui TUM Terreiráo to the summit of Pico da Bandeira, 20°25'S, 41°43'W,

26200 m, m" debis (NY). Mi ia, [22?22'S, 44°42'W, 2000 m], Dusen s.n . Sao Paulo:

Jorda odo aire: [22?44'S, 45°35'W], 2020 m, Scháfer-Verwimp & Verwim) 6925(M O). COLOMBIA.

Antioquia: iémicioio Medellín, Abajo de ha ca. 25 km NE of Medellín, 6°20'N, 75°10'W, 2500 m, Churchill et al. 13948-B (MO).

Boyacá: El Cocuy Mun Spe carretera El hinge ve a ione 6°02'N, 75°08'W, 3750 m, Escobar 434 (MO). Caldas: Villamaria

Municipio, cerca km 2 d i 55'N, 75°21'W, 3575 m, coude & Betancur 17923 e ku —

NEU Pasta, bosque de la Pen de Botana, 1°10'N, 77°15'W, oh aie m, Ramirez P. 3136 (MO

)

Bosque Nuboso de Monteverde, 10°15'N, 85°05'W, e by 9968(MO). COSTA RICA. C f fC

la Muerte pene 45.7 km SE of El Empalme (3.2 km W of W entrance to Villa Milla), 8°36'N, 83°46'W, 3050 m, Crosby 13134A (MO).

Puntarenas: Coto Brus Canton, 8°46'N, gues nb m, d nsi 1981 ges ECUADOR. Cotopaxi: N slopes of Mt. Cotopaxi,

0?40'S, 78°25'W, 3500 m, a x MO. ao Just W of NASA tracking sta 1 , western nione: ee pes Ruminahui

Central, 0°37'S, 78°34'W, 3450 m, ). HONDURAS. C gua: fı Agua A ill J ca. 11-15

km E of Lake ma ao N, 88°53'W, 1850-2100 m, Allen 12301 (MO N 1 Parl 22 km Wof

San Pedro Sula & m S of Cuyamel, 15°31'N, 88°14'W, Viu m, €. 14085 eae M: Luna ane Celaque, along Río Arq

7.5 km SW of pisi: 14°34'N, 88°39'W, Allen 11163 (M r

Cocal, 12 km NE =~ Ocotepeque, 14°27'N, 89°04'W, 2200 m, Allen 14488A (MO) B Esl fM Sula Barbara, trail to

minor peak, ca. 7 km N of El Mochito, 14°55'N, sedis di Me 11668 (MO). MEXICO. Hildago: Honey Station, [20°30'N,

99*00"W], Pringle 10487 (L, MO, NY). PANAMA f Volcán Baru, 8°45'N, 82°30'W, 3000 m, Allen 9062 (MO).

PAN MESS TT = 405 on on Leymebamba- Balsas PN. 6°45'S, 77:48 W, 3200 m, Smith C401C (MO). Apurimac: A

13°36'S, 72°42'W, 4000 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 8920 (MO.

Cajamarca: Cajamarca, low bridge (Chalch JE E 1 1 ANDR , 6°58'S, 78°1 3350 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 661%

(MO). Cusco: Anta, Indahuacho SW Cusco ad Abancay, 13°28'S, 72°09'W, 3400 m, Hegewald delia e 5 (MO). Junín: Huancayo, *

km from Huancayo in direction of Parihuanca, 14 km from Chilifruta, 11935'S, 74°35'W, 3650 m, ipp & dii deno e e la

Libertad: Aake: near Hd Med Vds 3100 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 7203 (MO). VENEZUEI

de S guna Negra, [8°28'N, 71%05'W], 3550 m, Griffin et al. 960 a

8. epa micis Gm) Hook. & Taylor, Musc. Brit. 80. 1818. (Fig. 8). Neckera splachnoides Sm., English

) Hook., English Bot. 5, 1:74. 1836, hom. illeg, PROTOLOGUE: IRELAND: Secawn par

near pte D. Taylor 56 (BMD.

Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 111,2:302. 1844. PROTOLOGUE: BORNEO: sine loco, Korthals s.n. (L!), sy" -

Daltonia pine vans f. & Wilson, ben — 2:221. 1859. PROTOLOGUE: TASMANIA: near springs on Mount Wellington (m

, Oldfield 67 (NY?).

Daltonia Knghnervis Mitt. mie Y Proc Linn. Ed 7163. 1863. PROTOLOGUE: [EQUITORIAL GUINEA]: Camer ntains and Rivet

Niger, ipsins pes Fernando Po does Bioko], with Stereodon nitidifolius, Mann s.n. (BM!, NY), syn. nov.

Daltonia gr J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12:402. 1869. PROTOLOGUE: ECUADOR: Andes Quitensis, in sylva Canelos, ad folia et ram" E

b 3000 ped.), Spruce 560 (BM!, NY!), syn. nov. The type at NY consist mostly of D. gracilis but there is a little

of D. m mati as well. The isotype at BM consists mostly of D. marginata.

Mua Mida Müll. Hal., Linnaea 42:491. 1879. PROTOLOGUE: VENEZUELA: circa Valencia, Fendler 131 (FH!, H- SOL!, w).

tifolia var. gemmiphylla M. Fleisch., Die Musci der Flora von Buitenzorg 3:959. 1908. PROTOLOGUE: WEST JAVA

Buitenzorg, am Gedeh ae Pangerango (FH!) syn.

Daltonia minuta Thér., Rev. Bryol. N. sér 3:39. 1930. PROTOLOGUE: CONGO BELGE: Mt. idi on eH D.H. Sony lk un bu wes

Daltonia pseudostenophylla E.B. Bartram, Bernice P Bishop Mus. Bull. 101:189. 1933 wet fores

trail to Nakalalua swamp, western Maui, alt. 4300 ft, 6 Feb 1930, E.B. Bartram 435 (FHD, syn. nov.

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 571

aa,

A am

pou

—

; NE

— er

——

Pt et

———

A 7

— —H

—

MÀ

——

ARTO

—

ut A

o —Á er =

— "I

L a WSR

100 um.

TETY

a... E E E O E TEE O

Fic. 8. Daltoni : e

onia splachnoides. A. habit; B-E, H. leaf outlines (H. “angustifolia” drawn by G. Kis); F. basal lamina; G. cells of upper lamina.

NM Dea & P. dela Varde, Bull. Jardin Bot. l'État 25:353. 1955. PROTOLOGUE: CONGO BELGE [Democratic Republic of

i LE A zi "is Edouard et Kivu, Ruwenzori, callon de la Kéréré, 3750 m, Demaret 5369 (BR?) syn. nov.

niensis Dixon in Christopherson, Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan de Cuhna 48:39. 1960.

OLOGUE: on tree fern, al wood, Tristan de Cuhna, 600 m, 10 Jan 1938, Christopherson & Mejland s.n. (BM!), syn. nov.

ROT

medium-sized tufts. Stems erect, orange, 3-10 mm high,

-2.5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, apex acute, margins nar-

wide at base, narrowly recurved through-

dian and basal cells short-rectangular to

on yellow-green to bronze, in small to

Towly s requent to common. Leaves erect, 1.5

" me ips throughout, border 1-2 cells wide above, 5-8 cells

Pi Ced ae ca. %4—% leaf length; upper cells short-linear, me |

mm), or yt in-walled, light to dark orange across the insertion. Asexual propagula infrequent, small (15-25

ange, fusiform, occurring over the lamina. Setae generally papillose in upper half or occasionally +

z Pay oe Ip hi 2. £T, Eo

572

smooth, 3-6(-10) l lest bronze, cylindric-ovoid, 0.5-1.2 mm long; exothecial cells rectan-

gular to irregular; exostome ne yellow. papillose to spiculose; endostome segments yellow, spiculose. Spores

pape: Bib n PIN

] far gi g 1 f the n Itis } f ll ti t

Antarctica. It is perhaps due to this wid ging exi it | fl One con-

stant is th ll size of the plants which are gi n less than 6-7 mm is although they are > aa a

a i «E Lad th 1

little larger. I p g in the genus

apiculata hich i ly f d theast Asia

The species most stikel t fusion in identificati f D. splachnoid D. ovalis, D. lindigiana

and D. macı peheca plant th ller end of — size range pee erie useful in sepa-

rating D 1 L 1 f, "SX th f J

Illustrations.—Fig. 8; Hooker & Taylor (1818, Tab. 12); Dozy & Molkenboer (1862, Tab. 154, figs. 1-40 as

D. longipedunculata); Fleischer (1908, fig. 165 a-i as D. angustifolia); Thériot (1930, fig. 7(1-8) as D. minuta);

Bartram (1931, PL 4, fig. 17 D. gracilis); Bartram (1933, fig. 140 a-f as D. pseudostenophylla); Bartram (1939, Pl.

19, fig. 320 as D. angustifolia); Bartram (1949, fig. 131 I-J as D. gracilis); Welch (1966, figs. 122-130 as D. graci-

lis); Matteri (1975, Lam, III figs. 1-8 as D. gracilis); Gangulee (1977, fig. 735 as D. angustifolia); Tan & Robinson

(1990, fig. 14 as D. angustifolia); Mohamed & Robinson (1991, figs. 23-29 as D. angustifolia); Sharp et al. (1994,

fig. 576 a-e as D. gracilis); Churchill € Linares (1995, fig. 56 a-f as D. gracilis); Lin & Tan (1995, fig. 25 A-E as

D. angustifolia); Buck (1998, Pl. 1, figs. 1-6 as D. stenophylla); Wu et al. (2002, Pl. 399, figs. 1-5 as D. angustifolia);

Arts (2005, fig. 15, 1-12 as D. ea

Habitat—Generally g l ey on rock or soil, occurring primarily between 1000-

ined evel to ca. 3700 meters.

INN 1 i OPET | ¡E W

l. D£M TVTA

Cochabamba: Carrasco, Serrania Siberia, ca. 11 km oeste de El Churo, 17?45'S, 6448 W,

2500 m, Churchill et he: € A NER La nee Prov. wd MM * 1 ids S jui nes ian on old e 16°11'S, 67°32'W, 3000 m,

Caballero 11 17°50'S, 64°41'W, 2540

m, Churchill et al. 21884, (MO). Tarija: A Muni de Pad Reserva Natural Al hi, Zona Alarachi, Cerro Los Tejerinas, 22°11'S,

64°36'W, 2025 m, Churchill et al. 23402 2 (M0) BRAZIL Minas Gerais: Puch e cai Morro Sào posce. 21°48'S, 46°34'W, 1580 m

Scháfer- biu & Verwimp 14424 EGR, MO 1 gras, N of Engo Passos

and 13.1 NE daira 22°23'S, Wied pm Vitt 21572 (MO).S Catarina: S LS Rio doR ca. 12 km W of Bom

Jardim d l 28°22'S, 49°32'W, 1470 m, Vital & Buck 12347 (NY). São Paulo: sed

Miitiqueira, Campos do ee = d Itapeva, 2144s, 46°35'W, 2020 m, Scháfer-Verwimp & Verwimp 6925 (MO). CANADA

C ia: Bigsby Inl lake, head of inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, 50°38'N, 131°46'W, [150 m], Schofield

45167 (DUKE). CHILI. Biobio: gr big ipn. dew one stream, «ein 73°14'W, Vicus vadit 33611 (MO). Los Lagos

sorno, between El Pato and Salto d 3°09'W, 750 m, Deguchi

31423(HIRO). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Muni ipio Medellín, Abajo de Boq 5 km NE of RE buy THEN, 2500 m,

Churchill et al. 13948-B (MO). B á: Andes B Boq prope Bogotá sw, 73°22'W, 2615 m], Weir 119 (NY). C

ayetano, 5°18'N, 74°04'W, 2820 m Cleef 6592c (U). Nariño: ^ ipio d between km 13-15 along road from Pasto to Laguna

s pa Concha, 01°12'N, 77°12'W, 3000 m, Churchill & Arbelaez 15963-b (NY). tn RICA. a am of puse dine 10730 N,

84°30'W, 1400 m, Crosby 3796 (MO). Cartago: Dos Amigos area, near 731 937N,

83°50'W, 2680 m, Crosby & Crosby 5952A (MO). Heredia: Las Vueltas area, 18 km N of San Jose, 10°06'N, 84°03’ W, 2100 m, a & Crosby

6012(MO). Puntarenas: Coto Brus Canto, spelt 83°03'W, m m, e Della os (MO). San José: 13 km SE of El Empalme, 9^40N,

83°51'W, 2600 m, Crosby & Crosby 5833 (MO). CUBA. Santiag , Gran Piedra, 20%05'N, 75°37'W, 1130 m, Pócs É

Reyes 9047/X (EGR). DOMINICA. Parish St. PA Giraudel, on the way to the summit of Mt. ee spe 61°22'W, 1 m, Hegewdl

& uL dan "ie oe DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. La Estrelleta: Sierra de Neiba, along road fro Hondo Valle, from

, 18°42'N, 71°45'W, 1630 m, Buck 4577 (NY). Santiago: Pico Diego de otal 19°35'N, 70°44'W, 1230 m. bes

1590 (NY). ECUADOR. Azuay: 21 km S of Sigsig on road to a 3°06'S, 78°48'W, 2928 m, ^ 39321A die Morona

along Gualaceo-Gral, L. Plaza Gutierrez (“Limón”) Hwy, 25.81 nal pe

of shrine at crest of mountain, 3%00'S, 78°27'W, Buck 39275 (NY). Napo: 6 kas E of Papallacta, 0°25'S, 78°05'W, 2880 m, Buck 9993 (NY).

Pichincha: Volcan Pichincha, N slope en trail in water HOA area a aaco ha), 0°10'S, 78°35'W, 3700 m, Buck 9754 (NY).

GUADALOUPE: Basse Terre, La Soufriere, Auf: g platz TETROR A MOIO 1450 m, Schafer-Verwin?

& Vervimp 22555 (NY). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Cordillera de M : had l between Cerro San San Jaunillo &

La Danta, 14°30'N, 87°52'W, 2020 m, Allen 11031 (MO). Cortes: Cusuco epu Park, anim. Río Cusuco ca. 22 km W of San Pedro Sula .

16 km Sof Cuyamel, 1552'N, 88°14'W, 1500 m, Allen 14085 (^ | from Camp Don Tomás to first ridge:

Majestyk, Daltonia in the Americas 573

of N ma 14°27'N, 89°04'W, 2090 m, Alles 14501 (MO). Olanck de Algalta, M bil

between peaks, 13 km NNW of Catacamas, 14°57'N, 85°55'W, 2354 m, Allen 12736A (MO). JAMAICA. dio St. Thomas: between

Portland Gap and can Molte: PE [18915'N, 77°30'W], 2100 m, Hegewald & — M (MO). Portland: just N of Hardwar Gap,

no oy. 12 104 (MO). MEXICO. México: Ocuilan, I 19°40'N, 99°19'W, 2900 m, Pécs 9546/D

d N of LI le Las Fl fO , [16°54'N, 96°00 ‘WI, 2250 m, Iwatsuki & Sharp 5341 (MO). Puebla: be-

tae and Nis [19°30'N, 98°00'W], Sharp et al. 1097-a (MO). Veracruz: Jalapa Muni = 17 km NE of Jalapa along Mex Rte

. 19:32'N, 96°55'W, 2150 m, Reese 4590-b (MO). NICARAGUA. Rivas: Ometepe Island, [11°32'N, 85°42'W, 60 m], B.S. s.n. (FH).

a Bocas del Toro: Cm Colorado, ca. 12 mi above Camp Chami, 8°35'N, 81°45'W, 1435 m, Allen 5085A (MO). Chiriquí: along road

from gatehouse to summit of Volcán Baru, 8°45'N, 82°30'W, 3000 m, Allen 9062A (MO). PERU. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Calla Calla be-

tween e and Leimebamba, [6°13'S, 77°51'W], 3100 m, Hegewald & Hegewald 6948a (MO). Apurimac: Andahuaylas, Quebrada

14°34'N, 88°39'W, 2400 m, Allen 11269 (MO). O M ñ Candado. 13 km E of N O & Cerro El Cocal, 12 km

mayo near Huancarama, ás eb hall inde m, eee e eee ias SE — — tumaza, Cerro Cunanten,

ras BW. 2900 m, Heg | d 100, 3000

bei) H i Machu Picch (8505, 74%41'W], 2100 m, Hi ld & Hegewald 8790 (MO).

La Libertad: Otuzco, near Usqui, [7?49'S, 78725 W], 3100 m, H Hi 203a (MO). PUERTO RICO, Jayuya: -— — iig

M E reservoir to Jayuya, [18°13'N, 66°35'W, 320 m Sinne 6863 (NY). VENEZUELA. A g

ar, [10°25'N, 67°17'W], 1800 m, Pursell 9294 (MO). U F i Mt Davidson till area,

cap Ew W], 264 m, Toren 9465 (pers. herb.), Shevoch 31555 (NY). VENEZUELA. Aragua: along highway i he vicinity of Colonia

Tovar, [10°25'N, 67°17'W], 1800 m, P

APPENDIX

Index to new synonymy within Daltonia

D.androgyna Geh. & Hampe = D. ovalis D. longicuspidata Müll. Hal. = D. marginata

D. angustifolia € & pees D. splachnoides D. longifolia Taylor = D. marginata

D. aristata Geh. & H =D. marginat D. longinervis Mitt. = D. splachnoides

D. brasiliensis Mitt. = s arginata D. mildbraedii Broth. = D. pulvinata

D. brevinervis E.B. Bartram valis D. minuta Thér. = D. splachnoides

constricta P. de : Varde = D. pulvinata D. mittenii Kis = D. margina

ull. Hal. = D. marginata D. pellucida Herzog = D. pulvinata

D.contorta var. ge M. Fleisch. = D. marginata D. peruviana Mitt. = D. bilimbata

"cuit Müll. Hal. ex Broth. = D. marginata D. plicata P. de la Varde = D. marginat

j de la Varde = D. marginata D. pseudostenophylla E.B. Bartram = D. iioii

et Mitt. = D. marginata D. rufescens Broth. = D. ovalis

D. gomezii Crosby = D, ovalis D. stenoloma Besch. = D. aes

D. gracilis Mitt. = D. splachnoides D. stenophylla Mitt. = D. lindigiana

Dii intermedia Renauld & Cardot = D. marginata D. tenuifolia Mitt. = D. macrotheca

his ii var. laevis Herzog = ier, D. tortifolia D t & P. de la Varde = D. splachnoides

marginata Besch. = D. margina D. trachyodonta Mitt. = D. ovalis :

Fere rginata var. madagassa Rena D. marginata D. tristaniensis Dixon in Christoph D. splachnoides

imbata Broth. = D. margin

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank Bill Buck for originally suggesting that I do a revision of Daltonia as well as providing

editorial assistance po other deeper along n wer : owe a great deal to Gabriela Kis = her — and

discussions about the earl wellas for providi

ings for use in em oject. coms very y much to Blanka Shaw for her psu prowess in helping with the

illustrations tance in many other areas during my stay at Duke. Many thanks

eedom

: bowl. To IT See sols thanks VCIy mur

asl saw fit whil i iob (i.e sided work) to o folks more adept ion myself. Thanks

six to Jon and Blanka ee opening their bome up for siiis to panyselt and — dome "y stay at Duke. I

L nneci

bi nk the Duke University biology department for provid rere

s Thanks also to Jim Shevock and Terry McIntosh for providing helpful reviews of the paper. I greatly ac-

nowledge the financial support of this work by a PEET grant from the National Science Foundation to Jon

Shaw ii #0529593).

Tihs

574 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

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GRIFFIN, D., IIl. 1980. Studies on Colombian cryptogams. IX. Daltonia f. llata (Musci: Daltoniaceae), a new species

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WHITTEMORE, A. AND B. ALLEN. 1989. The systematic position of Adelothecium Mitt. and the familial classification of the

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WILLIAMS, R.S. 1 llected by Alban St tin 1905-06. Bryologist 27:37-45.

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St. Lou

a6 Journal i i 5(2

BOOK REVIEW

RYSZARD OCHYRA, HALINA BEDNAREK-OCHYRA, AND RONALD IAN LEWIS SMITH. 2008. Illustrated Moss Flora of

Antarctica. (ISBN-10: 0521814022, ISBN-13: 978-0521814027). Studies in Polar Research. Cambridge

University Press, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, New York 10994-2133, U.S.A. (Orders: 800-872-7423,

orders@cambridge.org). $265.00, 704 pp., 273 b/w illustrations, 42 color illustrations, 8'/" x 11".

31 A

f landscape

A big book format that features 42 full or half page excellent color

as well as moss habitats. There are B Antarctica moss species described in detail found in 55 genera repre-

sented by 17 families based on the m opic examination of approximately 10,000 specimens. This tome

includes the *History of Muscological loread i in Antarctica,” “Terrestrial Environment and Moss

Ecology of Antarctica,” and “Systematic Accounts of the Taxa,” the latter with more than 530 pages of species

descriptions with full page line drawing illustrations, and sections devoted to discussion, reproduction in

Antarctica, habitat, world range, distribution in Antarctica, and selected specimens examined. The keys to

genera are dichotomous, reversible, and sometimes brief men d instead of short couplets. The

glossary has 16 pages of terms used in text narrative, i iptions, and keys. The Ref on pages

607-664 contain publications mostly in the 1970 to 2007 time period nies with historical papers. This

book will have limited use confined mostly to bryologists, botanists, and Antarctic biologists.—Harold W.

Keller, Research Associate, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-

3400, U.S.A.

Se i

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 576. 2011

GEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF SEXUAL DIPLOID ERIGERON STRIGOSUS

(ASTERACEAE) IN ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI

Richard D. Noyes and Dulcinea V. Groff

onway, Arkansas 72035,

rnoyes@uca.edu

ABSTRACT

Fri s (A \3 1 f J; : f e 5 3 + as 1 y | Tari 1

gi I p g y p Previous

kh ES. 1. 4c m L PA ol A y hz 1 Hd Inid j Ri 2 : j E

o O : Ls 4 eo Y O LI LI L3

eastern United States. In this work we i igated disj | diploid populations in Arkansas and Missouri. We evaluated pollen

li 1 : : EA A 1 1 : n" : 1 A 1 1 323 PS TERIS

ppea ECOS

SEPT | (27 £30 ; n f M Qu 4

( 12.9%), esp lly in upl ] habi intl 2/3 of th l in Mi LE st pf 2180

> , y

collections: 0.5%) Eight rDNA (ITS pl ETO q f 1 lel 1 dinloid E strigosus from Arkansas is not

POF I 5

g ti lly Aste. : Ir 1 1 = 1 1 n yu ee 1 * 4

POE 8 B

Highl d 1 : y “LA TANTA 1 1 D" wh; PE p : 1 1

- F 7 r E r 7 O E F 7

described rDNA haplotype III. Thi k fills in al in the l ledge of the distribution of i iati 1 lends insight i

SS BAL 5 D B

the phylogeography of the complex.

RESUMEN

Eriger bat A A IE 3 bs 1: RE WU LE: 1 Jnl 1

ai T rJ F 1 E T =

poliploides. Trabai "t | 33 14 1. 321 “1 :4 ef: 1 Sos £:1 PS 1 x3. Sa ras Wee

> f 5-5 7 o LI x

del extrem RUM C I p UE E 1 nl (ptas ou ri rd n Karol ance Mis

I I y y Mis

souri. Hema: 1 de fal | (y EAM o Pad 1 d: a | Pe ue sf 1 Q 1 PARC 1 d

laspoblaci 3 y 3 es Ine Tu

d l 1 Ark 37 de 286 colecci 12.9%), especialmente en los habitats de las tierras

altas de las 9/2 i

lentales del estado, p M (1 de 210 col 0.5%). Ock ncias rDNA (ITS y ETS) de siete

poblacione. 1 333: 3. 3 PE PARU" AE DA ie 1 hl : 1 t

: E >” E Ò 5 t

diado, Sin embargo detect A PERRY Zei 1 LA L I; «hl 1 1 11 "MEER TI de -TINA : $a

rito mi x g T ji d : 3 : :

mient z T 4.

1 gi Pen [ 1 l haplotipo III le rDNA p : > x bajo llena un

gran hueco 1 pia Ste xu as LE" LIA s H SF enh oe ae | Ed loi

o TE t E o Oo F J

INTRODUCTION

Polyploid complexes in plants present numerous challenges to evolutionary biologists especially as regards

understanding the relationships between diploid progenitors and interpreting the origins of polyploids

‘Adams & Wendel 2005; Buggs et al. 2011). These challeng g d in apomictic polyploid complexe

where extensive reticulation in combination with asexual reproduction yields an array of microspecies that

may conceal the morphological and genetic diversity maintained by the progenitor diploid entities (Asker &

Jerling 1992), Despite these challenges, noteworthy progress has been made recently in understanding the

SIUS S So à BEST : 1 PUPA SHE E hes (e.g., Schranz et al.

E V 5 F o d utr e

2005 [Boechera]; Grusz et al. 2009 [Cheilanthes]; Fehrer et al. 2009 [Hieracium]; Cosendai et al. 2011

IRenunculus]).

= incompletely or poorly known complexes however, the initial step must be to comprehensively char-

. Z diploid populat itors of the polyploids (Stebbins 1950; Grant 1981). One such

) Torr. & A. Gray (Asteraceae) apomictic complex of North

he prairie fleabane, which is abundant throughout eastern

curs sporadically in suitable mesic habitats to the west

herb from a short rhizome that

may be prog

complex ¡

p X is the Erigeron sect. Phalacroloma (Cass

America. This 4. E DS

North 1 tr Oo t o

ais America west to the Great Plains, and then oc

: This species is a late spring to early summer annual to weak perennial

iP LLL

Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 577 — 586.2011

578 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

produces one to a few erect stems ranging from ~0.4 to 1.0 m bearing terminal cymes of several to many ca-

pitula (Nesom 2006). The t ists of diploid (2n=18) populations that reprod lly and polyploid

(triploid and tetraploid, 2n=27, 36) populati ] prod lly via apomixis (Noyes 2007)

Several investigations have aimed to understand the geographic distribution and evolutionary relation-

i db di loi ictic Eri trigosus (Noyes 2006, 2007; Noyes

r o r r ¿Y r o 4 , y? A

& Allison 2005; Noyes et al. 2006). These studies show that sexual diploid populati predominantly

in the South Central Plains Ecoregion of east Texas and adjacent Louisiana, Southeastern Plains Ecoregion

from South Caroli tht th

according to EPA 2011). Apomict ympatri parap p g

the only condition found in the northern and western part of the species’ range. This overall pattern, with

hically icted 1 wid ] ict ling the range of the species is typi-

y REAL T |

Florida, and in the Central Basin of Tennessee (ecoregions

J 1 1 1 d 1 :

represent

cal for apomictic groups (Bierzychudek 1985)

Studies to date show that the sexual diploid populations of Erigeron strigosus are morphologically and

genetically diverse, ing tl l

g Į E. strigosus var. dolomiticola J. Allison is restricted toa

single dolomite glade complex in central Alabama; E. strigosus var. calcicola J. Allison occurs on limestone

glades in the Central Basin of Tennessee and adjacent southern Alabama; E. strigosus var. strigosus applies to

1 ^s f 31213. 1 254.1 € he li t. The name

p p range from Ti

E. strigosus var. traversii (Shinners) Noyes has been applied to sexual diploid plants in Texas and adjacent

Louisiana (Noyes et al. 2006), but it now appears likely that these plants are genetically similar to other E.

strigosus var. strigosus populations in th tern part of the range (Noyes & Groff, unpublished data).

A phylogeny for sexual diploids in the group shows that Erigeron strigosus var. calcicola and E. strigosus

dolomiticola are genetically distinct from E. strigosus var. strigosus (Noyes 2007). The typical variety is sister

to E. strigosus var. dolomiticola, monophyletic, and genetically diverse, comprising three main rDNA lineages

(haplotypes I, H, III) that are found individually and in combination in hybrids throughout the Southeast.

These haplotypes are hypothesized to have evolved in isolation and then to have recombined upon range

expansion into the Southeastern Plains. Hypothetical ancestral ranges of the haplotypes have not been

identified.

Previous mapping and phylogenetic work for Erigeron strigosus has focused on the center of diversity of

plants in the complex namely in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. In the

course of that work, analysis of pollen for a sample of herbarium specimens collected in Arkansas indicated

that the Interior Highlands, including the Ozark Plateau and Ouachita Mountains, also likely harbored sexual

diploid populations (Noyes 2007). Because of the isolation of this area from other regions where sexual dip-

loids are found and because the Interior Highlands is an important center of endemism and biodiversity

(Thorn & Wilson 1980; USDA 1999; Ouachita Ecoregional Assessment Team 2003; Robison et al. 2008), we

undertook a study to determine the geographic distribution and evolutionary affinities of sexual diploid

Erigeron strigosus in Arkansas and Missouri. We used pollen analysis from herbarium specimens to identify

sexual diploid populati lt lati Cae SAT Ro Las Vae 1 lations in the field

Ls A

from which DNA was isolated for phylogenetic assessment.

Our principal objectives were to determine the distribution of sexual diploid populations of Erigeron

strigosus in Arkansas and Missouri and to evaluate the genetic relationship of these disjuncts to other sex

diploid E. strigosus.

METHODS

A total of 398 herbarium specimens of Arkansas and Missouri plants was borrowed from the Missouf

Botanical Garden (MO; 219 specimens), the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (UARK; 141 specimens) the

University of Central Arkansas at Conway (UCAC; 22 specimens), and iron the herbarium of the Arka

Natural Heritage Commission in Little Rock (ANHC; 16 specimens). Data for these plants was appended ws

database that included data gathered for 171 Arkansas and Missouri specimens studied previously (Noë

ifle r L ae oe £ ldielatd Cet c 579

Li , ae eS ES r 2 2

2007) from diverse herbaria (BRIT: 49; FLAS: 1; FSU: 3; NCU: 33; TENN: 16; TEX: 29; UGA: 12; UNA: 1; USCH:

3; VDB@BRIT: 22; VSC: 2) thus yielding a total of 569 specimens examined for this study.

e from herbarium specimens was evaluated to estimate mode of reproduction. For each specimen,

unopened fl was stained in Cotton Blue in lactophenol (Stanley & Linskens 1974,

p E and Enea at nin on an bios ma eue y hu nw bright iom: Inte A pollen

ploid plant if the grains were uniformly sma ll (ca. 12-15

pe dam), with high viability (arkly stained), 1 few aborted grai (N yes & Allison 2005). These samples

vhich produce | llen grains (>17 pm diam.) with high

levels a - bora and alib usually with Sar pollen imictógins. essiens of grains as re-

quired were performed using AnalySIS (v. 3.1; soft Imaging System, GmbH 1989-2001) on pollen images cap-

tured with an Olympus FV12 monochrome CCD camera.

The geographic coordinates for each Pes were estimated ivan label locality information using

TOPO USA (version 5.0, DeLorme, Yarmouth, ME).T The data pp ing ESRI ArcInfo (v. 9.2, copyright

2004-2007; http//www.esri.com). D ted so that only

mapped. The base map providing a cunts fedis: igo (tl. 2009 US E ql was s obtained from ih

US Census Bureau, Geographic Products Branch (http://www2 gov/cg E

e A dri f 1

files). As a rough check of the accuracy of our plotted data, we

ted data points matched i input county names. To evaluate the distribution of plants, we employed Level III pa

Level IV Ecoregion Maps (EPA 2011) for Missouri and Arkansas and determined Ecoregion for plotted points

using ‘ie sina in priate.

oim aos ds f 1 As pl id Fri 1 diploid pl were col

lected a aven populations i lia two sites il the Ozark Highlands, h ites f. the Ouachita

Mountains, and two pu — aside ee of - ec. wees PAR e L Fig 1). Plants were

evaluated in the field for y l diploi ht into cultiva-

tion at the University of Ceil Asides Conway. Chromosome Toe were made to verily the diploid

condition for plants using aceto-carmine root-tip squashes. Total DNA was isolated for each plant using the

DNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, California, USA). For phylogenetic analysis, rDNA ITS (ITSI, 5.85,

ITS2) and ETS regions were amplified and sequenced separately but then concatenated into a common se

quence. The primers and amplification conditions were identical to those used previously (Noyes 2006).

Sequencing was performed at the University of Missouri, Columbia, DNA Core Facility.

Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by adding the as new ipsun. ae inira D toa mo data set con-

sisting of sequences obtained previously for 18 pl E calcic-

ola (Ca1543, A1. ,¿Ca1540.TN, Ca1557 TN) , three E of E. strigosus var. dolomiticola (D01545, AL, Dol 546.

AL, Dol632. AL), and 12 ee ch Ae ae d and var. strigosus with l

nized haploty b 225.AL. 11628.GA, L1316.GA, 11631 SC: gli:

iis II: IL 1608, AL, IL 1616. GA, 11.1617. GA, II. 1610. FL: be III: 111.1612.GA, 111.1614.GA, 111.1618.GA,

1.1630.5C). Sample designations are the same as used gainari (Noyes 2006); voucher information and

Mgr Accession numbers are also reported there. P. (uncorrected As. were ob-

ed Th NB PAUP* (version 4.0b.10; Swofford 2002) f overall seq

"TL E

SIE LLL OL LL

1 : ighted

parsimony in PAUP* Sihi the Emptricól transition transversion ratio (TT) = 3.68. The second was a maxi-

mum likelihood analysis executed in PAUP* using a TrN+I model of evolution selected by ModelTest 3.7

(Posada 1998) based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). For each of these two analyses, statistical

SUpport was obtained via bootstrap analysis conducted in dp with 100 — with random een

ch number of trees per replicate set at 1000. Lastly, a ian was also pe

model z ión, ep by Reemi 23 ee: 2004), w ajas 2000K mms = a 50%

burn-in, This

TABLE 1 ploid Erig ig led from Ark SA for phylogenetic analysis. $ lotted in Figure 1

Sample Location Voucher GenBank £s

[ITS,ETS]

1. ARCR63.1 AR: Izard Co.; Limestone glade 6.0 km N RDN 1654 (UCAC) JF937682,

of Calico Rock JF937690

2. ARCR63.2 AR: Izard E Limestone glade 6.0 km N RDN 1655 (UCAC) JF937683,

of Calico Rock JF937691

3. ARCR64.0 AR: St "ih Co; Limestone glade 4.0 km SW RDN 1656 (UCAC) JF937684,

of Calico Rock JF937692

4. ARBC1 AR: Perry Co.; Big Cove Creek, esl RDN 1657 (UCAC) JF937685,

forest trail; 8 km S of Nimrod L. JF937693

5. ARLCR1 AR: Saline Co; Dry Lost Creek, Igneous RDN 1667 (UCAC) JF937686,

Glade vicinity; 3.2 km S of Bauxite JF937694

6. ARLCM1 AR: Saline Co.; Dry Lost es Igneous RDN 1668 (UCAC) JF937687,

Glade; 3.2 km S of Bau JF937695

7. ARGD1 AR: Howard Co; Disturbed slopes of RDN 1661 (UCAC) JF937688,

Gillham Lake Dam JF937696

8. ARGDE1 AR: Howard Co; Sean roadside, 0.8 km E RDN 1666 (UCAC) JF937689,

of il Lake D. JF937697

RESULTS

Mode of reproduction was able to be estimated for 564 of 569 herbarium specimens. Consideration of dupli

cates reduced the sample to 496 unique collections. Of 287 specimens from Arkansas, 37 (12.996) were deter

mined to be sexual diploid and 250 (87.196) were determined to be apomictic polyploid. Of 209 unique spec

mens from Missouri, the sexual diploid condition was indicated for only a single specimen (0.596). The data

pooled for both states yields 92.396 apomictic polyploid and 7.796 sexual diploid specimens (Table 2).

The map promet for the dna (Fig. D shows that apomictic pee occur in all ten not the ecoregions rec

ognized for the two states. S „in contrast, The lone Missouri

sexual diploid collection (EJ. Palmer sh, Stone Co., MO, 19 May 1914) is from the Car Highlands Ecoregion

in the vicinity of Galena close to the Arkansas border (Fig. 1; Table 2). In Arkansas, sexual diploid plants ate

present in the Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, South

Central Plains, and Crowley's Ridge of the Mississippi Loess Plains (one collection), and completely absent

from the broad Mississippi Alluvial Plain in eastern Arkansas (Fig. 1; Table 2). In the six Ecoregions ol

Arkansas where they occur, sexual plants are relatively frequent, representing -11.1 percent of collections

present in herbaria (Table 2). In general the sexual populations are widely distributed within Ecoregions 0€

curring sporadically from the Oklahoma border to the edge of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain.

There are two aggregates of sexual collections, the first in north central Arl near the Missouri bor

der within the Ozark Highlands (eight localities), and the second in west central Arkansas approaching the

Oklahoma border in the Ouachita Mountain eno (eight teclea) Most sexual populations apparently

occur in close proximity to apomicts. Thus even g ly restricted to the western

of Arkansas, there are no clearly defined areas where sexual ud occur exclusively. In addition, while sexual

diploid plants are fairly frequent in the Ozark region of as most i the visou Pe are devoid of

sexual populations. The narmal boundary for tł rigosus iN

th 4 E o o

hern Missouri

Pela an ieh label data show that there is a tendency for sexual plants to be iated with sp"

cialized habitats. For instance, out of 26 collections with nas habitat Jabel data, ten a indice e.

habitat, or either ‘shale’ or ‘limestone’ substrates. The other 16 coll l edaphic

tat be >

but are instead a diverse mixture of ‘roadside’, ‘meadow’, ‘creek bed’, haraa forest’, and w

50 km

“0 = apomictic polyploid

^ A =sexual diploid

Fig. 1. Distribution at eae eae

erbarium specimen ilie. l 1" z n pss T T E

[ ic A_i EDA 29011) AVC ni: DA IAL r D ni "m D. ARS

D) Highlands: ER M . r) ig L a d " A 5 Por our ee O Y ni. ff. 1 DLL. ll AMiselesimmi

Alluvial x D: Wall y; G) Ao M pr y g pr

Plain; J) South Central Plains Plotted oc wp A RCM CE pi eee E RER R : lysis (Table 1).

` + Te > , >

ecialized edaphic habitats.

ridge’ Thus į

US it appears that sexual plants may occur on but are not restricted to sp

i | f l is also conspicuous morpho-

ine. this small sample of herb

Ogica aaa i

; iin Variation in leaf shape (narrowly linear to oblanceolate, entire to toothed basally) and pubescence

olay and stem sparsely rough strigose to densely soft villous). However, the sexual diploids do not, based on

study Morphology, fall into obvious groupings that would warrant taxonomic recognition without further

1 ts. D s Eq. hi n £T.

582 ) x1)

£ 1 1 May d . RE JAAS LE : (CDA 2011! Rani 4 $ lani lis

TABLE 2. Incid ig ig p p g

Region # Apomictic

Specimens Specimens

A. Central Irregular Plains 33 (100%) 0 (0%)

B. Western Corn Belt Plains 8 (100%) 0 (0%)

C. Interior River Lowland 58 (100%) 0 (0%)

D. Ozark Highlands 151 (92.1%) 13 (7.9%)

E. Boston ntai 24 (88.9%) 3 (11.1%)

F. Arkansas River Valley 44 (88.0%) 6 (12.0%)

G. Ouachita Mountains 45 (83.3%) 9 (16.7%)

H. Mississippi Loess Plains 9 (90.0%) 1 (10.0%)

(Crowley's Ridge)

|. Mississippi Alluvial Plain 25 (100%) 0 (0%)

J. South Central Plains 61 (91.0%) 6 (9.0%)

Total 458 (92.3%) 38 (7.7%)

Ch i24. Hn. Lip toi 1 1 Sd a dc 54 : 1 : 5: A the

diploid number of 2n-18. The eight rDNA sequences for these plants were all of identical length and similar in

length to previous E. strigosus var. strigosus sequences analyzed (Noyes 2006). Alignment necessitated the ad:

diti fa single | gap in all eigl ] ] I ] E. strigosus var. calcicola and

E. strigosus var. dolomiticola. The eight new sequences exhibited very few DNA polymorphisms (14 total outol

9784 total bases; 0.14%) and all but two polymorphisms occurred in parsimony uninformative positions. lt

hus inferred that the plants p la single pred rDNA haplotype and were not hybrids con-

taining two highly divergent types as had been found for pl Isewhere in the range of the species (Noyes

2006). The total aligned database fi 1ITS (626 bp) and ETS (597 bp) was 1223 bp. |

The three analytical methods resulted in the same Il phylogenetic p with similar levels of st

tistical support. The expected topology of Noyes (2006) was recovered (Fig. 2) showing Erigeron strigosus Val

calcicola in a basal position, E. strigosus var. dolomiticola di i d then the th lad esenting

the three haplotypes of E. strigosus var. strigosus with haplotype I diverging first, and haplotypes Il and Ill as

derived sisters. Each of these groups receives moderate to strong statistical support consistent with Noyes

(2006). The parsimony analysis yielded 20 shortest trees the consensus of which was identical to the single

trees resulting from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses except that the parsimony tree lacked sup-

port for i l group within the type II clade.

All three analyses show that the Arkansas sequences fall into two groups. The three sequences from the

Ozark region of northern Arkansas (ARCR63.1, ARCR63.2, ARCR64.0) unambiguously occur with type ll |

haplotypes, the type II clade receiving] p support values of 9996, 100%, and 1.0 clade credibility (Fig 2

Further, the three Ozark sequences do not form a distinct subclade and instead occur intermixed wit |

other four type II sequences. The three Ozark sequences are very similar to type II sequences obtained from |

sexual diploid plants occurring in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, differing by only an average of 3.8bp pet

sequence (average uncorrected pairwise “p” of 0.0030825). Only two base positions out of 1223 separate

ARCR63.1, ARCR63.2, and ARCR64.0 from the IL.1608.AL seq Co eihera ATP ab

The five sequences from the southern part of the state (Ouachita Mountains and South Central plain

Ecoregions) all occur within the haplotype II clade (Fig. 2). The type II clade is moderately supported wih

bootstrap values for parsimony analysis and maximum likelihood of 74% and 66% respectively, and c

credibility value of 0.75 for Bayesian analysis. The five Arkansas sequences are very similar to each other ®

ARBCI, ARGDE1, ARLCMI, ARLCRI are identical in sequence and differ from ARGDI by only a single bis

position. The Ar} ii pla DI HI F ~ - oli

yielding an average uncorrected “p” of 0.000574. : irwise diff f onl 07 bases per seque

Further, ARBCI, ARGDE1, ARLCM1, and ARLCRI are identical to the sequences III.GA1272 and mamo

37,6 f£ L een TAM | £ i) dL B EET. +

, F g 583

var

calcicola

81/87/0.99

var.

82/84/0.96

74/66/0.75

Fi. 2. Phylogen ti | i 3 dll Feat : g. 84: - SAL L J ITC el ETC .MMA lab I. g

ated for this, analysis are boxed. Base phylog nsists of 18 i ! (Noyes 2006) including tt of E. strigosus

- Calcicoh ola, three s 5 tA u : " h a£ eDAA

equences of E. sti osus var. t dolomiticola, and 12 sequences of E strigosus var. strigosus (4 seq I g

T nd Ill). Topolo m pets inted with sodes reflect boststras

wei a^ f £0À h d 1 £ si . LAL 1 Aa Ay É 1 TALI tn.) at hati. and clad nat-

ibility values $ primer (v=: strap values for m le comp

; i ” . H

us sexual diploid plants in Georgia. In contrast, the average pairwise uncorrected “p” distance comparing

M clade Il plants (ARCR63.1, ARCR63.2, ARCR64.0) with Arkansas clade III plants (ARBC1, ARGDI,

"DEL ARLCMI, ARLCR) is 0.0081 corresponding to about 10.0 bp.

DISCUSSION

The

results of this work show that sexual diploid Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus is fairly common in Arkansas

: A of the Daria ve oe Plain, HE about zt of meme in cies ne sek state te Fig. 1).

IS exte

MELADIY 5

584 J t i titut (2)

unambiguously into the four main ecoregions of the Interior Highlands: the Ozark Highlands, the Boston

Mountains, the Arkansas River Valley, and the Ouachita Mountains, as well as Crowley's Ridge.

Although found in a diversity of habitats, sexual diploid plants in the region are often associated with

glades or barrens. This tendency was not entirely unexpected because some members of the complex are

known edaphic specialists, namely Erigeron strigosus var. dolomiticola, restricted to a single group of dolomite

glades in central Alabama, and E. strigosus var. calcicola, restricted to calcareous glades in the Central Basin of

Tennessee. In contrast, previous studies (Noyes et al. 2006; Noyes 2007) found that sexual diploid E. strigosus

var. strigosus in the extreme Southeast in general, is not an edaphic specialist, rather preferring general sandy

substrates from the Pineywoods of east Texas to the Southeastern Plains of Georgia and South Carolina.

Al ive interpretations for the origin of edaphic specializati possible. First, it may be that

hese habi tarrivals derived f tors adapted to sandy habitats from the south or

1 t

southeast. That ancestral preference may then represent a predisposition for xeric and well drained soils that

: A 1 t + = Ei | AT j NE +

tt f the Interior Highlands. This would

be consistent with the hypothesis for the evolution of serpentine endemics (Krukeberg 1954; Pepper €

Norwood 2001). Alternatively, edaphic specialization may represent the ancestral condition. In that case,

wais A zT 14

plants ing on non-sp I recent expansion

Phylogenetic results (Fig. 2) clearly show that | diploid Erigeron strigosus in Arkansas is not geneti-

cally distinct from populations further east. Arl virtually identical to sequences obtained

from plants in Georgia and Alabama, and the Arkansas sequences closely align with other sequences in the

rDNA type II and III clades of E. strigosus var. strigosus. Thus there is no support for an Arkansas or Interior

Highlands clade. This is in contrast to the expectation, given the role of the Interior Highlands as a center of

L: * . S d 1 " | EE 3: E . 2352 E Pu f 1: L: 3 rt XE nld

peo er ps i Oo J

be genetically distinct.

The origin of the two rDNA haplotypes in Arkansas is unresolved as both (haplotypes II and IIl) ate

found throughout the Southeast (Noyes 2006). Instead we found two genetically distinct types both with ge-

netic relatives in the eastern part of the range of the species. One possibility is that sexual diploid plants

evolved in isolation in the Ozark and Ouachita interior highlands generating the type II and III rDNA haplo-

Es re ie A }

types. Subsequent range expansion could have spread the hapl types tot to create the

t distributi Alternatively, the hapl ld have arrived in Arl ly, having spread into

i Ye A

the region from the south and southeast. Unfortunately with the present data, it is not possible to distinguish

h 1 1 . D d 7 131:3 1 3 1 sut c CE 1 1 d data and

m TM I pop B

application of phylogeographic tools to properly model the history of the complex in the region. An additional

caveat is that the current eight geneti ples f populati i ll and may not reflect overall di

versity in the region. Additional study will be required to determine the distribution, diversity, and evolution

ary history of haplotypes in the region.

In contrast to sexual plants, polyploi

I p ic Erigeron strig ar. strigosus can occur in lowland rè

gions characterized by alluvial clay soils, for instance of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain and the Interior River

Lowland Ecoregions (Fig. 1). However, there is al idence tl lyploid ict l rin special

ized habitats. For instance, collections by T. Witsell (ANHC) fi a in Ark that were má

for this project show apomictic E. st ig hale g in Saline (Witsell 07-142, 07-145, 07-15.

07-291, 07-394), Newton (07-402), and Garland (07-181, 07-184, 07-194) Cos., an igneous glade in Pulaski ;

(07-260), a dolomite glade in Marion Co. (07-411), and a chalk glade in Little River Co. (07-127). Thus itise

dent that apomictic polyploid E. strigosus has the ability to utilize a broader spectrum of habitats than the

sexual diploids. This breadth, probably in combination with asexual reproduction, likely accounts for de

geographic predominance relative to sexual diploids. The polyploid condition has long been associated

expanded ecological repertoire (Ramsey & Schemske 1998; Soltis & Soltis 2000).

In contrast to their abundance in Arkansas, sexual diploid plants are apparently rare in Missouri, IQ]

sented by only a single sexual diploid specimen from the southern part of the state about 35km N of

y p | E

| Groff, Geograpt 1 hil £ E Nie 585

Arkansas border. This limited distribution of sexual diploids in Missouri is somewhat surprising as suitable

sites for sexual diploid plants that are comparable to those in Arkansas, for instance limestone glades, occur

throughout the Ozark SEM se of Sura ne” siia

wt. ~ IVE i

13 1 FORT | 1 E : AT (5 1 : Do Eg

1 : 1 CY ] 4 1 fel

(D, Dissected E shed: Elk a Hills (4), and the White Rive ‘Hills (4; including the TEES specimen)

Ecoregions) that poner fhe: ln corner of the Ozark rk plenas The other four specimens, all in

Arkansas, occu tl dg bai Central (or Salem) Plateau that

$ TL Ii. 2: 1 dem Se DAS BRUN

forms the CENT core 2t the Ozarks. Based on

be absent from the majori: of the central iic: md piso; pai the St. on email of the ese

Highlands. Th pringfield and Salem Plateaus, the aon occurring at a

somewhat high ] à ki ] d bh hel elevati n

and overlies dolomite (Woods et al. 2004). It is unknown if these geologic differences or other climactic or

historical events restrict sexual diploid populations to the — per of = Pang — aries of M

ditional specimens from regional herbaria in Missouri or

barrens in southern Missouri will be required to refine ndasi of the distribution OE na plants in

the region.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to thank the curators of UARK and MO for herbarium Ivans, Theo Witsel of the Arkansas

Natural Heritage Commission, Little Rock, for collections of Eri

undergraduates at UCA Jason Bailey, Halee Burrow, and Leslie Patrick for help in conte and mapping speci-

mens. We thank Guy Nesom and Theo Witsell for critical reviews of the manuscript.

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GRUSZ, ALL, 81. Plant speciation. 2"4 ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York. 2 i |

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Noyes, R.D. AND J.R. ALLISON. 2005. Cytology, kiye Aiea ae and pollen quality in sexual Erigeron strigosus

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eco.htm

FASCICULATE MORPHOLOGY, SEED VARIATION, AND

DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES IN ARCYTOPHYLLUM (RUBIACEAE)

Edward E. Terrell! Harold Robinson

Research Associate Curator

Department of Botany, MRC 166 Department of Botany, MRC 166

Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Institution

Washington, D.C. 20013 Washington, D.C. 20013

terr60@msn.com robinsoh@si.edu

ABSTRACT

Fascicul pl l gy i lvi gl 1 A 1 hyll fi lat A ericoides. A. rivetii, A thymifolium and Stenotis

mucronata. Th h J; P 3 .L n P E A De ds 1 Dah; : 1 : = | A A ith

non-fasciculate kinds of morphology. TI hy fasciculate cl in four species of Arcytophyll I g fth

leaves in tioh 354 | Xx NE. e zm 3 1 c "TER 1 f£. "SA | lxx d ‘Lod 1 EL Ah 1

of their development is suggested. A different kind of variation having to do with th phology of th d hil i tain

Arcytophyllum species The seeds of A hyl fc iculat A thymifolium f ] I l gth o d

ridges fr ; E : 1 € : i i I g fthesy A. fasciculatum

andA sernvl] ta uds i fel T pas Lon ; i sr € h Be ony TA d h

western United States.

RESUMEN

La morfología fasciculada de las hoj l 5 A hvllum fasciculatum, A. ericoides, A. rivetii, A. thymifolium, y Stenotis

J A o E J

ta disent 1 4 1 4 "Ae gar ] hi 4 p n los tipos de

d O

morfología no-fasciculada. El carácter f. iculad ig ifi i d P ies de A E hyll l l ión de las h jas en

racimos nodales apretados. Se describe la variació fológi i i fasciculadas y fasciculad giere una vía posi-

ble de su desarrollo. Un tj Ane, E rr h Mre 1 ee, Ree ae NE ey A | ;M : da

Arcyt yllum. Las semillas de A hell f. p A fa] ^ i l itudinal l

50 crestas desd puntif 1 I srmino, hilos puntiformes surcados. Se observan las extensiones en

los rangos geográficos de A. fasciculatum y de A ll la distribución del género A hyll iende desde América del Sur

C y J 7 F o s

entral a México y suroeste de los Estados Unidos.

ting studies of North American, including Mexican, species in the tribe Hedyotideae (s. str.)

üubiaceae h " "ES . 1

laceae) have recently lon the Mexican-U.S. species, Hedyotis intricata Fosberg. We compared this

Species ta it .

PECIES t l latives in Arcytophyllum Willd. ex Schult.& Schult. f. and Stenotis Terrell, and concluded

that its greatest similarity was to A. thymifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl. Accordingly, we formally transferred

Hedyotis intricata to Arcytophyllum as A. fasciculatum (A. Gray) Terrell & H. Rob., while providing nomencla-

ral data, notes on distribution, and p tive specimens (Terrell & Robinson 2010b).

In the following paragraphs we provide (1) a detailed description of Arcytophyllum fasciculatum along

with distribution and th ary latural data, (2) a discussion of the fascicular morphology occur-

ms Arcytophyllum, and (3) a discussion of the unusual “ridged punctiform hila” occurring in species with

T morphology, as shown by scanning electron microscopy, (4) Data on Arcytophyllum serpyllaceum

d Istribution. The discussions in (2) and (3) as far as we know present new morphological data previ-

Y not known in Rubiaceae.

In our «td;

"x de A IS i long used by Fosb rg, l of our finding

that : de = E N : :

many Asian and western Pacific species centered on the type species, Hedyotis fruticosa L., have unique

i Ex

A PPE pS ; ES TEN f ity on August 1, 2011. H with the

Pesach Service of the U.S.D.A, Beltsville, Maryland for 25 years. After retirement, h ical research with the Dep yet

Yand and as a Research r Hak EE O E EI A tota,

Wachinaton. DC.

arna li

Bot Res Inst, Texas S(2): 587—594. 2011

2 Ea Das salio DABA ET. cl)

= t Q)

capsule and seed morphology differing from known North American er pica SE Robinson bu

Kared et al. (2008) and USAN et 3 aa have meaty supported th

all North A i der otl

Fadu (2003) in in a A n suggested ies P: nM (A. piceo and relatives may

is yet unresolved. The present

I d entirel lletres.

Kus i

DESCRIPTION OF ARCYTOPHYLLUM FASCICULATUM

Arcytophyllum fasciculatum (A. Gray) Terrell & H. Rob., J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:625-626. 2010. (Fig. 1).

Houstonia fasciculata A. ecu Proc. Amer. Aen Arts i x € LE intricata ig Fosberg, Hn 1941, non Hedyotis

sidio.

mi Mies pred TEXA xas at Pre y, Bigelow s.n ee

, Field & Lab. 17:167.1949 Kn). TI 1}

f the Bigel llecti NEW MEXICO: Organ M i E nia 1881 (BM, GH, NY, Us- 2). MÉXICO.

COAHUN P. 1 Monclova, Palmer s.n., 1880, 404 (GH, K, MO, NA, NY, capers 406 (GH, K, NA, NY, PH, US-2).

Small shrubs. Stems to 1 m tall, woody (to 6 mm or more wide at base), stout, with many short internodes

3-15(20) mm long, densely puberulent or pubescent with short white or gray hairs, or glabrate, exfoliating

Leaves numerous, sessile or subsessile, 2-10(-14) x 0.3-1.0 mm, appearing very small, subterete or linear,

thick, rigid, ua auem apace clustered together at the q in opposite, tight groups of 3-8 or

more, | t hd I ly revolute, glabrous or densely puberulent,

apex apiculate or acute. Stipules 1-2 x 1-2 mm, whitish, diste di Or itüncate, apex sometimes cuspidate, with

0-few short teeth, sometimes ciliolate. Inflorescence cymose, spreading, densely and intricately branched,

a E tetragonal, older branches becoming terete, usually densely pre buds subglobose

, flowers heterostylous, in many, small, congested groups u xt cm wide, sessile or on

1 1 A | 1

peius to 3 mm ae H thi 1 l bes 0.5-2.0 x 0.8-1

mm, equalling or shorter chan capsules, deltate, ovate, or lobda. E RS arol 1.5-5.5 mm long, short-

funnelform, white; tubes e 5-2.5 mm long, 13 mm wide at corolla throat, densely short-hairy within with

brownish or whitish, lly clavate, flattened hairs to 0.5 mm long; lobes 13 x 0.7-1.0 mm, as long sor

slightly longer than the tube, lanceolate or ovate, widely spreading, minutely puberulent or pubescent within,

hairs white, to 0.5 mm long, PO near seii Pin flowers with stigma lobes 0.2—0.7 mm long, linear, ex

serted on styles 1.2-3.0 throat, anthers ca. 0.5-1.0 mm long, narrowly oblong, subsessile al

corolla throat or on nra to 0.5 mm long. Thrum flowers with anthers 0.5-1.1 x 0.2-0.4 mm, nà

oblong or oblong, exserted 1-2 mm beyond corolla throat on filaments to 2 mm long, stigmas exserted just

distal to corolla throat. Capsules 1.63.0 x 1.0-2.3 mm, slightly to somewhat longer than wide, in outline ob-

longoid or ellipsoid, compression moderate to rather strong, appearing somewhat flattened, walls moderately

thickened, lower Y? to 75 of capsule covered by — interlocular groove often present, locules splitting apart.

densely puberulent to scabrous or glabrate, ap retuse. Seeds) (2-)6—12 per capsule, 0.8-15

x 0.4-0.7 mm, black or brown, rather thin, moderately to strongly compressed, oblongoid or ellipsoid, dorsal

face smooth or rugose, ventral face with hilum often not clearly visible, a “ridged punctiform hilum,” testa re

ticulate, areole walls sometimes low or depressed below the centers of the areoles.

Flowering May to November. Chromosome number: n=12 (Powell & Leavitt 2011).

Distribution.—Rocky or gravelly slopes, arroyo banks, limestone ledges and crevices of cliffs, desert

semi-desert, pine-oak, pine-juniper; 1000-2400 m. Mexico: Coahuila, western Nuevo Leon, east and cent

Chihuahua, north central Durango and Zacatecas; U.S.: southwestern Texas in southern Brewster (including

Chisos Mts., Big Bend National Park) and Presidio counties, and southcentral New Mexico (Dona Aña

Otero counties).

Fasciculate Morphology

A study of the genus Stenotis by Terrell and Robinson (2010a) that includ nnial herbs?

Baja California and Arizona ted th I S ta (Benth.) Terrell, has what is jen fasciculatt

Terrell and Robinson, Notes on Arcytophyllum

Hedyotis intricata Fosberg

culata A. Gray)

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

HERBARIUM of GEO. B. HINTON Nos

Ë Family Moncofa fate tn fury

e Name ,

ui Determined by

- Locality 5. 1 3 ;

a District , México.

Collected by. «t «i. date

P. 1. Plants of Areven hy ll ge

ytophy (Hinton 16506, US).

589

" i i 0)

to tl l hol in the oth ies. We also commented that fasciculate leaf

morphology, i

fA hyllum, as discussed below.

morphology

The genus Arcytophyllum was here le: Mina (1990), who recognized 15 species at mostly higher eleva-

tions in Andean South America and Central America. These species are erect or prostrate shrubs and sub-

shrubs, although two of the species, A. filiforme (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl. and A. muticum (Wedd.) Standl., may

sometimes iid moss- SE

In his key t M her that possessed whorled 1 ; these were A.

dni. A. PER (Willd. e: ex Kom. & Schult) Standl., and A. rivetii Danguy & Chet The term

whorled by our interpretation usually refers to distinct leaves arranged in a circle at a node, as in Galium L.

(Rubiaceae). The three species here studied have as many as 8-10 or more small leaves tightly crowded to-

gether at nodes. When these species are studied, additional unusual characters are found, and these are the

so-called fasciculate characters: Stems often woody and stout, upper branches many, densely branched, with

many short internodes 3-15(-20) mm long (in A. fasciculata), leaves often sessile or subsessile, 1-8(-18) x

0.5-2(-5) mm, very small, numerous, subterete, linear, or narrowly elliptic, thick, rigid, sometimes falcate,

densely BÀ Le, Es PEAY einst at tthe nodes in poupe of 3-8 leaves or more, often with 1-2 lines or

revolute.

The most noteworthy ch istic of the fascicul hology in Arcytophyllum is the aforementioned

tight grouping of the ER into nodal clusters of several to in qo. or bi pis (Fig. 2). "ue origin of these

clusters is not readily determined; however, when vari we find varia-

tions in the bending nape The Goer Species. i nitidum (Kunth) Pea, somet bas fM

p guous stipular nodes, called stipular because th

simdi lateral needle-like projecti h as those that are a part of ihe sip] in A. nitidum. Another note

fasciculate species, A. setosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltdl. has some branches with contiguous stipular nodes. In

these species and in others there is variation in the extent of the stipular units on branches. These may be

precursors to other branching patterns.

In the fasciculate species, A. ericoides, the nodal clust pi f f the stems with their

h 1 Pune T n iQ a «n haus il

l igl lust Some of th ] to have ur

O o O FE

dead bases of stipular remnants. This suggests that these clusters might show how the clusters were formed,

i.e., the cluster was the product of more than one stipular or other unit which participated in the formation,

type of condensation, of the bases of the clusters. Similar pl occur in the other three fasciculate spe

cies, A. fasciculatum, A. rivetii, a A. Gd ase The nodal units in A. fasciculatum (formerly Hedyotis intri-

cata) typically show less f tightly clustered units. Arcytophyllum thymifo

lium, the pee most = to A. Jasciculatum, shows more variation in this regard, but this species is notori-

ously ble and also has non fa

Extended Hila in Seeds

Terrell and Robinson (2004 i seeds and loci p ET in gnizedby

Mena (1990). These fell into three groups. Group Poda m 3 have leaves “op

posite, not whorled.” TI iform hil . Group B incladied A. aristata Standl. (with

aristate leaves). It has what are apparently ridged hila. Group C included t ies with *whorled leaves. "A

rivetii, and A. ih das tel Not — was ADS caiga species, A. ericoides These all have what af

apparently ridged hi entional punctilor?

hila that have variously pii or signi vices or slightly raisen doclike centers. »

Bv utili " 1:3 mall ridge

hila, similar to the hila described below. The A species, A. thymifolium, was noted by Mena (19900

be the most variable species in the genus. The capsules of A. thymifolium were 1.5—4 x 13 mm, often

longer than wide varying to equally long and wide, oblongoid to subglobose or ellipsoid, appearing

slightly to moderately compressed, glabrous, often with an interlocular groove, dehiscing into two to fours"

tions, 4% inferior. We found only a few collections with seeds in reasonably good to fair condition. Thes

Terrell and Robinson, Notes on Arcytophyllum 591

f el (Hintan 16506. US)

fic >

2. Branching natt £A R Oups

| er A . i 1 £ tink lal I

eds were 0.8_1 4

Hii abd AG mm, dark brown or black, thin or very thin, strongly compressed, with thin mar-

ind ventral face i JOA ellipsoid, concavo-convex or flat, sometimes with a very narrow wing at one end,

é ith a non-centric (acentric) hilum varying in position and extended as a ridge. We had diffi-

e., hilum at a point whether slightly raised or slightly

ls from differ-

"etermining whether the seeds were punctiform, i.

more or less ridged. Study of a number of seec

lium are usually punctiform but with short or

icentric with

Niarced

"Sed or whether t] e

nt col] her they were not punctiform, i.e.

““HéctiOns has led

nger rid has led us to conclude that the seeds of A. thymifo

o ages ext ` : j ap

ending from a punctiform center. In this case the punctiform hilum is centric or <

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

TUE is: ily to lett

FIG. 4. Seeds of Arcytophyllum thymifolium examined by SEM. A-D. Firmin 5/12/1927 (US), Ecuador. A. Hilum centric with ridge extension mainly t?

- End view of same. C, D. Acentric hila with extended ridges.

a raised ridge visibly part of the hilum. The hilum or point of attachment is a raised center with the ext

ridge attached. We have called these hilum tv pes an extended hilum or a ridged hilum. The figures presen

here show seeds with these characters.

The capsules of A. fasciculatum (Fig. 3) were 23 x 1.5-2.3 mm, usually broadly ellipsoid, strong to p

erately compressed, with rounded apices. They sometimes appeared flattish (strongly compressed), bul di

came more rounded with age and with 2-several seeds. Seeds were 0.8-1.5 x 04-0.8 mm. strongly to me

Terrell and Robinson, Notes on Arcytophyllum

£ 5

hilum with ridge extended iaht R Eni dhil

i by SEM. A-B. Chiang et al. 8409 (US), Chihuahua. C-D. Chiang et al. 8913 (US), Chihuahua. A. Acentric

£ € n A tri Lil seh, dad A A | P N

atelv c

Eo ci or broadly elipson. The ve in A. fasciculatum were Rann to be similar to

marked than in A ii e^ not as ieu evident (Figs. + 5). The distinction between hilum and ridge is less

E" thy mifolium; A. fasciculatum also has ridged or extended hila.

Our les of fasciculate morphology and extended ridged hila provide new data not found in our previ-

US examination of seeds of approximately 15 Rubiaceae genera.

Arcytophyllum ser

lerrel] (1999) adde

by Mena. }

pyllaceum

dan additional species, Arcytophyllum serpyllaceum (Schltdl.) Terrell, to those then known

base pains cane : 4

sed on Hedyotis ser pyllacea Schltdl., native to Guatema

—

a and southern Mexico. This species was

hot included by

d E : la

Species hac h by Mena (1990), apparently because it was accepted as belonging under the genus Hedyotis. The

PECIES has heon 1 : T po : 3 : : s i

part mpared to A. muticum (Terrell & Robinson 2004) and shown to be very similar to itin every

1 ]

iCular, the see Ss i : REA ; "

signs € seeds virtually identical, and the habit very similar, often in grassy places as observed by Terrell

outhern Mexico.

ne relati E |

aud ationships of A. serpyllaceum were questioned by Andersson et al. (2002) based on their data from

e rpsl6 ¡ ; "s ree

fee ntron. Their results indicated that Hedyotis serpyllaceum was related to Bouvardia instead of

‘Stophyllum, based

= on a Mexican collection, Stafford et al. 203, from the MO herbarium. To examine this col-

ton we : t i 7 : i 1 ; 1

thoug] > contacted Charlotte Taylor, curator of Rubiaceae at MO. She was unable to find this herbarium sheet,

ugh Ande j

lO m1 Andersson (now deceased) earlier wrote to Terrell that the loan from GB to MO had been returned to

‘he colle >

| ollection, Stafford et al. 203, has not been found in spite of recent correspondence by Terrell and

lor and 1 t : :

Dicall this problem remains unsettled. Terrell's experience with Bouvardia includes study of its seeds,

“aly with

IO: rinoc "14 ~ ie

road wings, and describing a new Mexican species.

594 i i s 5(2)

Arcytophyllum serpyllaceum (previously known as Hedyotis serpyllacea) is native to Guatemala and the

Mexican states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, extending the range of Arcytophyllum as known by Mena

into southern Mexico. The range of A. fasciculatum (formerly Hedyotis galt cs ees on Texas and New

Mexico south into northern Zacatecas and northern Durango, thus th , known to Mena

as occurring only in South and Central America, is now well established} th din north

and in Texas and New Mexico.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the directors of herbaria cited in the text for loans during past years. We particularly thank Michael

Powell, Director, SRSC Herbarium, for loan of specimens from Brewster and Presidio counties, Texas, and for

important chromosome studies. Scott Whittaker, Director of the Smithsonian Scanning Electron Microscope

Laboratory, helpfully provided scans of peaks and seeds. We especially thank Alice Tangerini, Illustrator,

PODES of uis Smithsonian, iud g and providing the SEM figures. Joseph Kirkbride and Paul

MI NAT o r

REFERENCES

Neo E $m. E ROVA, AND F. PAEA an: e Lo circumscription, and biogeography of

4:40—

Jl Rritt,

BREMER, B. AND J.-F. MANEN. 2000. Phylogeny and dassifi cation of the subfamily Büboldege (Rubiaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol.

3-72

ee 3 A. abe Meera payoge nes of ro (Rubiaceae): descending aneuploidy a breeding system

merica. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 27:223-23

GROENINCKX, l., S. iti H. OCHOTERENA, C. PERSSON, E PETER a bras B. FEM, 5. AEE AND E. SMETS. 2009.

Phylogeny of tł p ) tid DNA data Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.

96:109-132.

jga = l. — S. UN jm AE AND B. — 2008. The viis cien utility of chloroplast and nuclear

i I c. Phylogenet. Evol. 49:843-8

MENA V., P. 1990. A revision WM genus Arcytophyllum (Rubi Hedyoti ). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 601-26.

POWELL, A.M. AND A. LEAVITT. 2011. Chromosome number in Arcytophyllum fasciculatum (Rubiaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst

Texas 5:273-274.

TERRELL, E.E. 1999. Morphology and taxonomy of Arctophyllum serpyllaceum (Rubiaceae), a transfer from Hedyotis.

Novon 9:263-264

TERRELL, E.E. AND H. ROBINSON. 2003. S f Asi i Pacifi Ser ee iro oe V UHR ADHERE

clatural notes on Hedyotis pet Taxon = 775- ps | :

TERRELL, E.E. AND H. ROBINSON. 2004 in Arcytophyllum, Bouvardia, and M ia (Rubiaceae)

with notes on A. serpyllaceum. mae 21:91 1-927, HT

TERRELL, E.E. AND H. ROBINSON. 2010a. the g Stenotis and Carterella (Rubi ) and transfer of

Hedyotis greenei to Stenotis. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:61 9-623.

TERRELL, E.E. AND H. ROBINSON. 2010b. Transfer of Hedyotis intricata to Arcytophyllum (Rubiaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas

4:625-626

TERRELL, E.E. AND R.P. WUNDERLIN. 2002. Seed and fruit characters in selected Spermacoceae and comparison with

Hedyotideae (Rubi ). Sida 20:549-557

JUSTICIA (ACANTHACEAE) IN TEXAS

Thomas F. Daniel

n. f Rat, Califarnin A FE

55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park

San Francisco, California 94118

tdaniel@calacademy.org

ABSTRACT

A i f Justicia in T l ies (T americana I lanceolata. 1. longii. I. pacifica. J. pilosella, J. warnockii, and

+» r NE cd J D J'IEF y J'E y

I tohtii A; 1 L I. me os 1 6 iD n eee

E g 11 p J. pilosella, and J. runyonii is

ted ific with J. pacifica. 1 lesi l for Dianth t lanceolata and J. runyonii. A l ies in Texas.

E vr = E J 7 y

descriptions illustrations synonymies, maps habent: 1 a 33 | 5

RESUMEN

Una nueva valoración taxonómica de Justicia en Texas revela siete especies (J. americana, J. lanceolata, J. longi, J. pacifica, J. pilosella, J. war-

ii, y J. wrightii) i de] í los hábi li l estado. Se reconoce a J. i conespecifica con J.

yJ. wrig g J

pilosella yJ.r ii oe: J. pacifica. Se desi ] : Dianth t lanceolata y J. runyonii. Se propor-

LI JL O E LI

ciona una cl las esp le Texas así i ilustraciones, sinonimias, mapas, habitats, y discusiones pertinentes.

INTRODUCTION

Justicia L. encompasses some 700 species and is the largest genus of Acanthaceae. The genus is predominantly

pantropical, but many species occur in subtropical and temperate regions. Fifteen species are recognized as

native t lized in the United S d Canada; five (J. angusta (Chapm.) Small, J. crassifolia (Chapm.)

Small, J. lanceolata (Chapm.) Small, J. ovata (Walt.) Lindau, and J. wrightii A. Gray) of these are endemic to the

United States. Because of the tropical nature of the family, most occurrences of Acanthaceae in the United

States are in the mesic southeastern states (especially Florida) and in the arid and semiarid southwestern

states. Texas, which has more species of Acanthaceae (47, 42 native) than any other state, occupies the bound-

ary between these regions and as a result is enriched by species from each. Studies of the genus there should

contribute toward better und ling of th y and biogeography of species in both northern North

America and Mexico. Goals of this account i pleting th ge of all species of Justicia occurring

In continental North America (north of Mexico), providing a revised treatment of taxa in Texas, and docu-

menting and di ing distributi f speci tate. Field and herbarium studies of Justicia in Texas for

"ERUNT ] " 1 FU V

g of North A ical lted in

— native species in tl : J americana (L.) Vahl, J. lanceolata, J. longii Hilsenb., J. pacifica (Oerst.) Hemsl.,

} pilosella (Nees) Hilsenb., J. warnockii B.L. Turner, and J. wrightii.

Some species of Justicia native to Texas have been treated in Adhatoda Mill., Dianthera L., Siphonoglossa

Oerst., Rhytiglossa Nees, Ecbolium Kurz, and Monechma Hochst.; the former three are included within Justicia

(Graham 1988); the latter three are not, and are restricted to the Old World. Meagher (1974) studied and

treated eight species of Justicia as native to the eastern United States and Canada; Wasshausen (1998) recog-

nized five native species in the southeastern United States; and Daniel (1984) treated five species as native to

the southwestern United States. Most of Texas is either located on the periphery of regions covered in these

the forthe. : Di

treatments or is beyond their geographic scope. TI unt of Justicia in Texas is that of

W Ae : e i

asshausen (1966), who recognized seven species (two of them treated in Siphonoglossa). In spite of these

studies, several t i bl ] isted among Texan species. Justicia runyonii Small had not been

uM to similar Mexican taxa, and " here treated as conspecific with J. pacifica. Justicia lanceolata had

eN treated both as a distinct species (Wasshausen 1966) and as a variety of J. ovata (Wasshausen 1998); a

i A

Bot. Res. Inst Texas 5(2): 595 — 618. 2011

ti le is offered below for treating e at tl k of species. Th tative distincti I J pilosella and

J. turneri have never | d 1 1, and they are i treated as conspecific.

Two general dictrilyation) pattern org f gJusticia (and other genera

of Acanthaceae) in the United States and Pinel Seinai in the adieu United States (i.e., southern,

central, and seh aan Teas EER to southern California) are, jo the most pan, Mee species at ds

1 s ^n E

ney generally OCCUT

in Mexico, but also extend into the American Southwest (e.g., Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts, and

Tamaulipan thornscrub). These include: J. californica (Benth.) D.N. Gibson, J. candicans (Nees) L.D. Benson, J.

pacifica, J. pilosella, J. sonorae Wassh., J. longii, and J. warnockii—four of which occur in Texas. These seven spe-

cies do not appear to be closely related to one e six of them were included in or associant with four

sections of the genus by Graham (1988) lilsenl 990). In contrast, fi

United States (and Canada) are nearly or entirely ien there, occur in wetlands, uh appear to be closely

related to one another (but not closely related to any of the species occurring in the American Southwest).

Justicia americana, J. angusta, J. crassifolia, J. lanceolata, and J. ovata were n by Graham (1988) in sect.

Dianthera subsect. Dianthera (L.) V.AW. Graham. Both J i d J.1 t in Texas, primarily

in eastern and central portions of the state. The other putatively native Justicia in the eastern United States, J.

cooleyi Monach. & Leonard, is closely related to several tropical American species of sect. Sarotheca (Nees)

Benth. (Graham 1988), and pp f them (Daniel unpublished)

The distributions of species of Justicia’ in Texas are shown by county in Figure 1. Native species of the ge-

nus occur in 13 of the 18 ecoregions (Anonymous 2010) of Texas. Known habitats of Texan species vary from

wetlands (e.g., J. americana) to moist forested bottomlands (e.g., J. lanceolata) to thornscrub (e.g., J. pacifica) to

Chihuahuan desertscrub (e.g., J. warnockii).

Native species of Justicia in Texas can be disti hed f ll oth genera of Acanthaceae occurring in

pie state eby the blowing RON e characters herbs ns membranaceous leaves, calyx 4- or 5-lobed,

in bud, upper lip of corolla rugulate,

stamens 2, bc 2 serous with one or both thecae eed oat at base, staminodes absent, capsule with

hook-like retinacula, and placentae with retinacula not separating from inner wall of mature capsule. Other

characteristics of species in Texas are discussed below.

Pollen.—Pollen of Justicia in Texas varies from 2- to 4-aperturate (Figs. 2-3). Pollen with two aperturesis

most common among species in Texas, as it is among most species of Justicia from Mexico (Daniel 1998), but

3-aperturate (e.g., J. longii) and 4-aperturate (e.g., J. warnockii and J. wrightii) types are present as well. Pollen

with four apertures was not recorded from the genus by Graham (1988), but has been reported in several

Mexican species (Daniel 1998). The number of aj be constant within species of Justicia. The

number of rows of insulae (when present) is sometimes variobit within species, but is generally consistent 3$

well.

Chromosome numbers Crone counts have Ken reported for five of the seven species that occu

in Texas. Counts of n-14 h (as J. caudata A. Gray), J. lanceolata, J. longi,

J. pilosella (Lewis et al. 1962; Hilsenbeck 1983; Daniel et al. 1990); n=28 has been reported for J. pilosella

(Hilsenbeck 1983); and n=13 has been reported for J. americana (Smith 1966), Although meiotic complements

from 7 to 34 have been reported in the genus, n=14 is the most widely reported number in Justicia (Daniel

2000). From the counts reported, it would appear that both euploidy and dysploidy have played a role in the

evolution of taxa known from ew Te: count d n- "i in J. americana (an apparent close relative of J. lancer”

lata), space likely rez ySP tor with n=14. The occurrence of both nal

and 28 in J. } ll ls tł f euploidy within that species.

Floral biology.—Most, if mr all, of the species in Texas have ephemeral Noms (Fig. 4) that Ee and fal

from the plant in the course of a single day. Ephemeral flowers have been noted o I cimen labe

or personally observed in J. americana, J. lanceolata, J. longii, and J. pilosella. a of Texan species UM

mostly white to pinkish, usually with a colored palate on the lower lip (except in J. longii and white-flowe

Daniel, Justicia in Texas

597

yes ¡LINA

oJ. americana Me | [C3 e J. lanceolata p ES

coe ot E Das E

: i |

a J. pacifica

* J. pilosella

150 KM e J. warnockii

Fic.1 Mans of Tavae chan: EEA

individuals

da ain pilosella). Meagher (1974) observed bees, flies, butterflies, and ants visiting flowers of five spe-

tivation in eastern North America, cvi q an and J. EEG and she suggested

bee Pollin

- americana in ewe

S T ong Jul. E I in sare diurnal Hilsenbeck A tioted that the

y eii (coro ] 4 “41 1 a EE dass )o in i d po

sibly polli P AES see £

inated,

diii ta ail hawkmoths (e.g [CORE Cer? The! flower of J. pilosella are ha in form to those

t P k

(vith Mi €y are diurnal, their cylind d th aron color varies from pinkish

a E tterflies, bees, and/or flies in J.

pilosella. B dike cks to white. These features sugg

Spring o, sy : cleistogamous ri were observed on slants of J. lanceolata and J. warnockii early in the

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

pois HL Dp nomen cons. Lec

idge (England), 1930: N ls by British Botanists. 116 1929): Justicia hyssopifolia L.

k and Green, I ional Botanical Congress,

I 1 Eel D 1 ip hi titut, r+? cm

598 Journa lexas 312)

Fic. 2. Pollen of T ies of Justicia with 2-aperturate grains. A. J Van D ler & Van Devend: 49), apertural view. B. J. lanceolata

(Worthington 7431), apertural view. C. J. lanceolata (Worthington Sai a view. D. 1. sata ugus 52300, apertural view. EJ: pilosella

(Breedlove 69493), apertural view. F. J. pil p G.J.f 232), apertural view. Scales=10 pm.

'ianthera L. Sp. Pl. 1:27. 1753. Type: Dianthera americana L. (=Justicia americana (L.) Vahl).

Adhatoda Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, 1: without page numbers. 1754. LECTOTYPE (Heine, Fl. Gabon 13:173. 1966): A 4 dhatoda vasica Nee

Justicia adhatoda 1

Beloperone Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:76. 1832. LECTOTYPE (Graham, Kew Bull. 43:609. 1988): Bel | herstiae Nees Justi

brasiliana Roth)

Jacobinia Moric., Pl. Nouv. Amer. 156. 1847. TYPE: Jacobinia lepida Nees Justicia lepida (Moric.) Wassh.

Siphonoglossa Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1854. 159. 1855. TYPE: Siphonoglossa ramose 0

Justicia ramosa (Oerst.) V.A W. Graham

Decumbent to erect perennial herbs or shrubs (to small trees) with cystoliths. Leaves opposite, sessile to p

olate, margin entire to sinuate to crenate. Inflorescence of dic

fused bracts forming a cupulate involucre) or of axillary or terminal dichasiate spikes, racemes, thyrses, ©

uis TUE : 41 of 2 partially

asia in leaf axils (rarely in axil of 2 par

panicles; dichasia alternate or o

posite, 1(-3)-flowered, subtended by a leaf or a bract, sessile or peduncu

racts alternate or opposite, green or brightly colored, prominent or incon ispicuous, margin entire. Flowe

homostylous, sessile or pedicellate, subtended by 2 homomorphic bracteoles. € alyx deeply 4-5-lobed, lobes

equal or unequal in size, posterior lobe sometimes great]

lis

lower lip), tube cylindric to expanded distally, u

-laDlate

green

reduced in flowers with 5 calyx lobes. C Corolla g

ish, white, yellow, orange, pinkish, red, or purp

, usually with white or colored markings (often restrict

1 e ¿ a ; rpi "

ually lacking a distinct throat, limb strongly zygomo%

>, upper lip internally rugulate (i.e., with a furrow in which the style is held within the upper lip) em

lower lip 3-lobed, corolla lobes imbricate

1.1

2-k DEC

yan

tascenc ling cochlear) in bud. Stamens 2 2. inse rted al

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 599

Fig. 3. Pollen af T, 2 A

' Justicia with 3- or 4-aperturate grains. A. J. longii (Reina G. et al. 2004-379), interapertural view. B. J. a

7384), polar view. C. J kii (Rowell 5131) aportaral view D J kii ( || 5131), polar view. E. J. wrightii (Turner & Turner 96- 95), apertural

"ei. F. J. wrightii (Turner & Turner 96- 95), polar view. Scales=10 pm.

l pa E - EE ^2 rare rile)

Is positions within corolla tube, exserted from mouth of corolla, anthers 2-thecous (1 theca rarely sterile),

“Cae equal or unequal in length, equally inserted, unequally inserted (but overlapping for some portion of

rlenoth)

eir length), or superposed (i.e., not overlapping), parallel to perpendicular, 1 or both with a basal appendage

T appendages absent), dehiscing toward lower lip (i.e., flower pontis poten: subprolate to perprolate,

4- ape rtur (

—

elas uestionable), apertures

varying from porate to colpor ate

anked on each side by 1-several rows of + circular TES: and/or oa or by both a solid band of exine

da pse udocolpus, exine usually reticulate; staminodes 0 (although pubescent thickenings near attachment

hlaments rarely present). Style exserted from mouth of corolla, stigma lobes indistinct to distinct, when

“Sur " ii ate » ? nta

“stint equal to unequal in length (1 lobe sometimes vestigial). C "apsule stipitate, retinacula present, septa

th attached retinacula remaining attached to inner wall of mature capsule. Seeds 2-4, homomorphic, dis-

id to globose. (x=7).

bout 700 species worldwide, primarily tropical. Morphological diversity in the genus is extensive and

: " I -necie r Many non-native

de description and generic synonymy are deriv ed from North American species only. Many ni

es a — sce TS ist

s of Justicia are cultivated in the United States, both out-of-doors and under glass, but few of these pers

1 ion i »xas are noted in

-ome naturalized. Non-native species that have been documented from cultivation in Texas are not

Ppendix 1.

KEY TO NATIVE SPECIES OF JUS TICIA IN TEXAS

yx ^-lobeg. Seeds s

n 9ung stems

Pubescent , with

er subsphe

soba pubescent leaves pubescent (

her

pilin’ sometimes pegan to — calyx abaxially

eglandular t s; bracteoles 0.5-2 mm wide; lower theca 0.8-1.3 m g

J. wrightii

J, - Bs. Ac | (ew m 7 a

Ed F I T

J. warnockii

far iousl y F

lower! theca 0. 70 8 mm long

1. Calyx 5-lobed g

long as in J. pacifica, then seeds subspheric).

F 2 2 - 4 ES

u IT! L seh 1 Mal yf A + 1 Sal Wy $ H g Į lath

J PaaS Tre J \ ~ | 1 beast Aiah

hyaline (to whitish or much lighter g inder of calyx); capsule pub t with eglandular trichomes;

seed subspheric fi h 1 shiny d with decid ict 0.05 long J. pacifica

2 o 1 sb L sab ” A «isl, r' “it Cre | 1 | WM Um |. 1

p g trichomes only (if g y

I 1) H. eh IT] 1 1 1 n ti det) uu Im L tek 1 j,.] sb

ly; argi f calvx lol li hitish psul gl [ is discoid, surface rugose, papillose, or tu-

berculate, not shiny, lacking trichomes.

4 bet £1 J 1 4: of L f. 1 £ pil A 49e 1 gfi 1 E HI peduncles

of spikes to 15.5 $ 1 NC E 1 g; | HI d HI I n (if p A 3 1

h pert i ( | 1 | y a gap 0.7 mm); corollas 7-13 mm long, I | g ligt ly p jed

distally, shorter th jualing limb; f f moist regi juati baquati

5 bec tL ah 1 i. t£ kK . 2. 4: 8. H 4 f. Ll h P ng g

p g I p y pun lly visible

and internodes near midspike mostly 1-3 mm long during anthesis; i j ti gating aft

h 1, sel Lts 8 H FED CRY . J IT] eT: 7 1 1 1 A EMT hal

markings, | I lob f lower lip widely ser 1 and diverging f tral lobe at angl 45°; plants of

central, southern, and western Texas J

inél Hi 4. H L H 1 1:-L e L f. hs 1 J, PS oe i as J ? ^l, eL

5 mm or long during anthesis), th bove basal node al (i.e., 1 per node); corolla usually pinkish

n as £i lip barely diverging or diverging f ic gl 45°;

plants of eastern Texas J. lanceolata

1 gm! H . 1 £ ef d 1 Za t ee A 1 [ I

4-24 | bsessil petioles to 10 mm long; th bequally to unequally inserted

(overlapping by0.5- 1 mm corollas 12 55 g, tuk g 1 cylindri han 1.5 x longer than limb;

6. mts 55mm long caly» lol idest ak | j 1k pollen 3-aperturate;

ants known in Texas only fi (Chinati Mts.) J. longi

6. Corl pin to purplish with white markings (rarely sibel pee 125 seit mm long; calyx lobes usually

J. pilosella

Justicia americana (L.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2:15. 1791. (Figs. 4A; 5A—C). Dianth

Dicliptera americana (L.) Wood, Class-book (ed. 2) 395. 1847. Ecbolium americanum abi TU Revis. Gen. 2: E 1891. TYPE

U.S.A. VIRGINIA: “habitat in Virginia" (fide protologue), Clayton 408 (LECTOTYPE, d gnum Vez

127:42. 1993: BM-000051211).

Justicia linearifolia Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1:41. 1791. Dianthera iri un) Raf., ub Bot. 29. 1840. TYPE: Unt *Ex Virginia

rk: image!)

a L., Sp pl. 1:27. 1753.

Florida ... Communic. ad Fraser” (fide protologue), “a a. frase p I

Justicia Es T Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:7. 1803, nomen superfl. (Dianth i i cited: ) e

losa (Michx.) Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:339. 1847, nomen illegit.

Justicia esos — quum Sketch 1:11. 1816. Dianth iformi wae Fl. eae 63. mes, non Dun. a

(1870). TYPE: psa or ref

bination i Justicia Elli 1 onl peci itl fl and * einn in St. Pe

g th

bride. Flowers May.”

a longifolia Raf., Autikon Bot. 30. 1840. TYPE: U.S.A.: “Found in R. Susquehannah" (fide protologue); no specimens seen; prt

mably pertains to this s

ladies repanda Raf. frm Bot. 30. 1840. TYPE: U.S.A. “From Arkanzas” (fide protologue); specimens not seen; name presumabl

Pei to this species.

var. subcoriacea Fernald, Rhodora 43:641. 1941. Dianthera americana var. subcoriacea (Fernald) Shinners, Field &

Lab. 25:79. 1957. TYPE: U.S.A. TEXAS: Tom Green Co.: S. Concho R. at Christoval, 5 Jun 1934, V. Cory 8860 (HOLOTYPE: GH).

Justicia eo Fernald, Rhodora 44:92, 1942. ae — Feu wer 43:639. 1941, non Justicia umbratilis 5. Moor:

E: U.S.A. VIRGINIA: Soutl y River, Monroe Bridge, 22 Jun 1941, M. a

& B. n 13162 neta GH!; ISOTYPES: NY! PH). See discussion heod.

Aquatic or subaquatic rhizomatous or stoloniferous perennial herbs with emergent shoots to 1 m tall, some

times forming colonies. Young stems quadrate-sulcate to + flattened, glabrous, nodes of submerged stem

sometimes with masses of fibrous roots. Leaves sessile to subsessil , petioles (if present) to 2 mm long,

mostly ascending, linear to lance-elliptic (to elliptic) to ilancacidn: to obovate, 30-125 mm long, 2- 5-27 me

wide, (2-)3.3-19.5 x longer than wide, subrounded to acute at apex, acute to rounded to truncate u

Daniel, Justicia in Texas

j. Photos

4. Photo ae

“en of flowers of Texas species of Justicia. A. J. americana. B. J. lanceolata. C. J. pilosella. D. J. warnockii. E. J. pacifica. F. J. longii

Pt D (R. Morey) and F (J. Verrier, taken in Arizona), which are used with permission.

602 Jo

Jor 3002-82, C. Seed with detal

Fic. 5. Texas species of Justicia-l. A-C. J. americana. A. Habit (Daniel & Lott 10530). B. Infl le (Van D

of margin (Van Devender 2003-820). D—F. J. lanceolata. D. ! Imer 7939). E. Infl de (Palmer 7939) F. Seed with detail of margin (f

Devender 93-692). G-1 j longii. G Habit (2 47224) H Infi da (D. E * LO UH AN arith > Rracteole on right

partially removed. L Seed (Reina G. etal. 2004-379) J- J warmed.) Devender & Coh Infl des (Van Devenderà (oh

rawn by J Weller.

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 603

surfaces glabrous, margin entire to crenate, eciliate. Inflorescence of axillary pedunculate densely-flowered

spikes to 17.5 cm long (including peduncles and excluding corollas), peduncles to 15.5 cm long, glabrous,

spikes subcapitate to capitate (internodes near midspike mostly 1-3 mm long during anthesis; sometimes

TN à

elongating after anthesis), rachis usually not (or barely) g is, glabrous; dichasia opposite at

nodes, sessile, 1-flowered. Bracts triangular, 0.8-2.5 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide, abaxially glabrous or very

sparsely pubescent with eglandular trichomes. Bracteoles triangular, 0.5-1 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, gla-

brous or pul ike bracts. Flowers sessile to subsessile (i.e., pedicels to 1 mm long). Calyx 5-lobed, 3.8-6

mm long, lobes lanceolate to lance-subulate to linear-elliptic, subequal, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 0.6-1.2 mm wide,

widest near base or near midpoint, abaxially glabrous (or sparsely pubescent near apex with eglandular tri-

chomes 0.05 mm long). Corolla white (to light purple) with purplish to maroon markings on lower lip, 8-13

mm long, externally pubescent with erect to ant gl 0.05—0.1 mm long, tube 2-4.4 mm

long, slightly expanded distally, upper lip reflexed, 4-6.5 mm long, lobes 0.5—0.8 mm long, lower lip 4-10 mm

long, lobes + revolute, 3-8 mm long, lateral lobes widely sep 1 and diverging from central lobe at angles >

45”. Stamens 6-7 mm long, th bparallel licular, 1.2-1.9 mm long, unequally inserted

(overlapping by up to 1.2 mm) or superposed (gap to 0.3 mm long), glabrous, lacking basal appendages or the

lower theca with an inconspicuous appendage 0.1 mm long; pollen 2-aperturate, apertures flanked on each

side by l row of insulae, exine reticulate. Style 7-9 mm long, pr oximally pubescent itl gl ]ular trichomes

005 mm long, stigma unequally 2-lobed, 1 lobe 0.2 mm long, other lobe 0.05-0.1 mm long. Capsule 9-13 mm

long, glabrous. Seeds 4 per capsule, discoid, 2.8-3.5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, surfaces covered with low,

rounded (moundlike) tubercles or becoming + rugose. (n=13).

Phenology—Flowering; March—October; fruiting: April-November.

Distribution and habitats.— Canada (Ontario, Québec), United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware,

District of Colombia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, lowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,

Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,

South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia), and Mexico (Coahuila); Texas plants

. 3 1 : E y t

occur in and along rivers, streams lakes, ditches, sloughs, oft

rs gh its distribution includes at least nine ecoregions of Texas, it is found primarily in east-

central Texas (Fig. 1) in the following regions: Cross Timbers and Prairie, Blackland Prairies, Edwards Plateau,

and Stockton Plateau.

Justicia americana is the most geographically widespread species of the genus in the United States. Its

distribution also extends farther northward (ca. lat. 47°N) than any other species in the family. The species is

nearly endemic to the United States, but is known from nearby regions of southeastern Canada and north-

Central Mexico. It is the most hydrophilous among Texas Justicia, with the roots and proximal portion of the

shoots generally submerged. It is best devel ped in shall f flowing ,E vives in wet soil above

the water table and in water more than a meter deep (Penfound 1940). The species sometimes forms dense

Stands or colonies that spread by horizontal stolons, fragmentation of shoots, and seeds. Absence of J. ameri-

ripe eastern Texas is somewhat surprising; however, it i in Louisi d the other states of

; ern Gulf of Mexico region. Similar habitats in eastern Texas and the northern Gulf are mostly occu-

Peal by J lanceolata, the range of which only sporadically overlaps that of J. americana.

Unusual plants with affinities to J. americana were collected in Madison County (Senator Ranch, Carr

pe 23 May 1998, A. Neill 1888 at TAMU), somewhat to the east of the range of that species in Texas.

"ipd is plants resemble J. americana (e g., sessile, linear leaves) ns ; infl i ist of

Sometimes branched and sometimes curved) with mostly opposite dichasia 6 to 9 mm distant at the

median inter nodes, making the rachis clearly visible. Whether such plants represent a rare or abnormal form

5 3T] 1 S PUETE EROS SNE

ie americana. hybride hot 1 own from Madison County), or

ybri : . E x EEE aoe oe i thern Alabama

iid ds between J. americana and J. ovata (the nearest current occur

W :

“stern Florida) remains to be determined.

Ator near the type locality of J. mortuifluminis in southeastern Virginia, both J. americana and J. ovata, as

llas pl i liate | hem, have b llected. The density of flowering spikes of the type of].

that y pertains t ymy of J. americana, but it might apply to in-

les | I i d J. ovata

pa. ARR 1: Bandera Co.: 2.5 mi E of Bandera, D. Correll & J. hfield 31078 (LL); Sabinal Ri

2m nderpool, D. Correll & I. Johnston 18148 (LL); 4 mi NW of Medina, V. Cory 23530 (GH) Te H. Parks RX1783 (Mo),

pes gum RX1786 (MO). B Co.: Shipp Lake, between SR 71 and RR, W. 8733 (TEX); Cedar C Duval

156 ae Bell Co.: W of pee Creek Kand on Hwy. 81, Salado Creek, Salado, J. Massey 276 (LL, NCU, SMU); 9.3 mi W of Belton, Nolan

Creek, C. York & G. York 5422 k, Salado, C. York & G. York 54586 (TEX); near Temple, S. Wolff 2972 (US). Bexar Co.: San

Antonio n pen Psd (DS, seg MO), 1048 (MICH, 2 bae ce E of Bulverde, V. Cory 6079 o" Selma, Cibolo River, B. Groth

visus F,GH,U g, New Braunfels, 64 (MO), 1061 (F, GH, TEX, UC, l k-Water Sommerset

Rd., 9m W of San penna M. Pan 2234 (UC); biis Creek, E. Schulz 114 (US): S An o River, San Antonio, G. Thurber s.n. [April

1853] x Hé San Antonio, E. Wilkinson 142 (MO). B S Park, picni l Park R

quarters, banks of Blanco River, L. Sanchez 874 (BRIT) | ess Mill, G. Weser: 110 (DAV, TEX); Comanche Creek, on

310 11 mi W ofj es Nub 962, Sud N, vosaew G. Webster et z 33391 Ta Bosque Co: ca. 2 mi NW of Mosheim W from dam site along

Hog Creek, B D. Demaree 48572 (SMU). Burnet Co.: 1 mi

E of Briggs, $! Brenchl m Sox puis School PER ca. a31 mi s si Uh M. Johnston 6357 (LL, US). Calhoun Co.: 5 mi E of Tivoli,

C.R Comal River, F. Lewton 709 (LL); Comala Creek,

E tidie 475 (MO). Coryell Co.: 6.2 mi E of E L. Shi 27322 (SMU). Cottle Co.: Chalk Bluff, H. Parks & V. Cory 29196 (TAES).

Dallas Co.: bens Eagle ford; H. Eggert s.n. (MO); Dallas, M. Hynes s.n. (TEX); Tanner Rd. in NW Dallas, B. Lipscomb 1422 (NCU, SMU,

UC); Bachman Dam, C. Lundell & A. Hee m joe Dp ud eat J Reercho 72 729 Mos s.n. Lone dut (GH); ki Rock Lake,

Dallas, L. pombe 20110 0 (SMU, T EX); vi 1 Argy Correll & H.

Correll 23383 (F, LL); 7 mi Sof Denton, W. Mi 1098 (SMU). Edwards C N Ri Barksdale. D. Correll & D. E

27999 (LL, MO, SMU, US); Hackberry Creek, ca. 0.5 mi NW bs Te ina X Smith eM. poros 266 gs Erath Co.: without locale

L. Gough s.n. (TEX); Stephenville, E. Palmer 14182 (MO). G Ri h house

(Texas White House), below dem, ox 15'N, BN, R. Sanders 5111 (BRIT): Hees E. Whitehouse 5. n. (TEX). Gonzales Co.: Ottine, E

Bogusch 3224 (TEX). Gray , H. Gentry 310 (BRIT, TEX). Hamilton Co.: 4 mi S of Hamilton, R

Innes & B. Moon 1322 (F, GH, TEX); Leon River near Edson, S. Wolff 2083 (US). cs o.: Wimberley, G. Fisher 43045 (F); Onion Creekat

1-35 overpass, J. Mears 619 (TEX); 0.75 mi NNW of ón near jct. Cypress Creek and Blanco River, J. Walker 3 (TEX); Cypress Creek,

2 mi above Wimberley, G. Webster 2083 (GH, TEX). Karnes Co.: Cibolo Creek, 1 mi SW of AN „J. Johnson 1295 (SMU, TEX, US).

Kaufman Co.: Seagoville Ranch, ca. 32°37'N, 96°30'W, S. Mami et al. 31556 (VSC). no mist Boerne, gs Creek at Hert

Rd. -e C. He ev. Tine 645 ML Kerr Co.: Verde Creek, D. Correll & H. C 2804 (SMU): K lle. A. Hi 1748 (MO, SMU,

UC, (l D. Correll 31521 uy es River at bud I 8 mi Sof prea D. pi et al. 28243 (LL,

US); Paint Creek, 3 mi S of ag go v pee 49663 (GH, SMU); S ca of Junction on US Hwy. 377, T. Van

Devender & R. Van Devender 93-649 (CAS). Kinney Co.: ca. 3 mi NW : jet. hwys. 277 and 693, D. Correll & D. Wasshausen 27764 (LL, US

Las Moras Creek at Las Moras, V. sm 29023 (GH). Limestone Co.: Fort Parker State Park, Hwy. 14 and Pk. Rd. 28, J. Singhurst et al. 1251

(BRIT). Llano Co.: Inks Lake State Park, D. Correll & 1. Johnston 17342 ce MO); City Park on Llano River, J. Crutchfield 2313 (LD; Llano

River in Llano, 30*45N, 98*40.5'W, A. bis & T. Van De Drveider nM (ps. Mao Co.: s shore of Llano River, ca. 13 mi S of Mason,

Henderson 62.305 (EIN Mel KIN de I Smith29)

(TEX); Tonkawa Park, SE of Crawford, L. Smith 557 (TEX); sod pit, South 3rd IA L. Smith 811 (NY, TEX). Medina: Co.: Medina River jus

S of Medina Lake, Correll & E. Ogden 25359 (LL, SMU); Hondo Creek, 8 mi Eo do, D. Correll et al. 28189 (LL). Menard Menard

V. Cory s.n. (TAES). Navarro Co.: Chambers Creek off Hwy.31, C. Lundell 15095 (LL, US). Palo Pinto Co.: 4 mi W of Palo Pinto, D. Correll &

E. Ogden 28477 mn without locale, Palo Pinto poji s.n. (IEO; Brazos, I. n s.n. k (EIN bpas SUN be MM vee State Park, P

Lipscomb 2426 (SMU, TEX); 9. ^mi Eof Weatherford, L. 3, D. Boufford

Rall

OMU)

a. 0.25 mi SW of Vance, J. Taylor & W. Mahler 31660 (BRIT). Refugio Co. T

G. Tuner 41099 (US); Tivoli — Green Ls E. Whitehouse s.n. (TEX). Rockwall Co.: 1.25 mi W of Rockw: all, V. Cory 53306 (GH, MICH, SMU,

« 6 mi SW of San Saba, E. Howell 7 (LL); San Saba River, 20 mi S of Richland Springs, W. McCart & R. McMillan 44 (SMUÍ

o.: Cid Creek, ca. 2.3 mi NNE of j ais US 180 and Park Road 33 at Caddo, 32°44'35.9"N, 98°38'57"W, W. Carr 2687. 7

vii Sud Tharp s.n. (MO). Tarran mi S and 0.75 mi W of Court House, Ft. Worth, V. Cory 54416 (LL, SMU); Boaz ha

rook, V. Cory 54479 (LL, SMU); AVE se O. Killian 6780 (TEX); Ft. Worth, A. Ruth 267 (F, GH, LL, MO, SMU, UC); Lake Com?

cim, Fort Worth, W. Wilson & W. McCart 2190 (TEX). Taylor Co.: ca. 2 mi SW of Elmdale, SE of Abilene, W. Mahler 3364 (MO. SMU); Lake

Kino near Abilene, W. Tolstead 7281 (GH, TEX, SMU, UO: Abilene, S. Tracy 8297 (F, GH, MO, US); Elmdale, E of Abilene, B. Warnoc 4657

(TEX on Co.: ca. 13 km N and 4 km W of Eos Texas A&M Experimental Ranch, J. Cornelius pis ei E

9 mi W ne Throckmorton, D. Correll & E. Ogden 28462 (LL). Tom Co.: San Angelo, E. arene 10359 (DS, MO, US); Kn

Ranch, Dove Creek, F. Tweedy 186 (US). Travis Co.: Slaughter Mei ; Joe Carrington Farm, C. Albers s.n. (TEX); near Ape River, 5»

below Austin, F. Barkley 13110 (MO, TEX, US); Barton Springs Creek, F. Barkley 13642 pai Bull Creek, F. Barkley & L. Ripperton on 14

(TEX); Onion Creek, W. Brown s.n. (TEX); Onion Creek, 8.5 mi S of Colorado River (in Austin), D. Correll & H. Correll 29948 (LL, MO, smu

Austin, E. Hall 423 (F); Shoal Creek, Austin, Heald & Wolf 653 (TEX); above Barton Springs, Austin, W. Krodel 28 (F, MO, TEX, US); Oak Hik

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 605

C Lundell 15108 (LL, US); 9 mi W of Oak Hill, C. Lundell & A. Lundell 8896 (LL, MICH, US); Bull Creek City Park on SE side of Loop 360,

of Spicewood Springs Road, W side of Austin, J. Saunders & B. Ertter 1323 (GH, LL); Onion Creek, Austin, B. Tharp s.n. (MO, UC); Shoal

Creek, Austin, B. Tharp s.n. (UC); Austin, B. Tharp s.n. (TEX); near jct. Barton Creek and Little Barton Creek, ca. 1 mi SE of Bee Cave, G.

Webster 13768 (DAV, MICH, TEX); Onion Creek, E. Whitehouse s.n. (TEX); Walnut Creek at Waters Park, C. York 46060 (LL, MICH, MO,

UC); Austin, H. York 80 (DS); Austin, H. York s.n. (TEX); Shoal Creek, Austin, H. York s.n. (TEX). U Co.: Rio Frio, G State Park, D

Correll et al. 15941A (LL); Chalk Bluff on Nueces River, V. Cory 29197 (GH); Garner State Park, V. Cory 49404 (GH, SMU); 2 mi NW of Utopia,

inal River, W. McCart 5751 (SMU); Nueces River, Chalk Bluff, E. Palmer 13331 (MO, US). Val Verde Co.: San Felipe Springs, Del Rio, D.

Correll & E. Ogden 25084 (LL, US); near mouth of Devil's River, D. Correll & D. Wasshausen 27776 (LL, US); Sycamore Creek, V. Cory 721

(GH); San Felipe Country Club, Del Rio, C. Cory 41740 ossing, H. Cutler 1829 (CAS, GH, MO, WIS); fork of

Devil River, Ozona-C k Rd., R. Ferris & C. Duncan 3027 (MO); Del Rio, G. Fisher s.n. (UC); Sycamore Creek, along US 277 between Del

Rioand Eagle Pass, J. Miller et al. 5087 (MO): Devil's Ri , Neally 504 (F, US); ca. 25 mi N of Comstock on SR 163. C. Rowell s.n. (SM1 J, TEX);

20.8 mi N of Comstock where Hwy. 183 crosses Devils River, B. Turner 98.180 (TEX); Baker’s Crossing of Devil's River, 33.9 km N of

Comstock on TEX 163, 29°58'N, 101°09'W, T. Van Devender & A. Reina 2003-820 (CAS). Washington Co.: without locale, R. Reeves (coll. by

Taber) 1896 (TAES). Webb Co.: 35 mi W of Laredo, H. Hamby 1705 (LL). Willi Co.: San Gabriel Ri g „J. Crutchfield 334

(LL); South Fork of S briel Ri here i Hwy. 183, N of Leander, M. Johnston & W. McCart 5278 (NCU, TEX); Brushy Creek,

just off Great Valley Dr., N of Hwy. 620, T. P. 7236 (TEX); Smith Branch, Georgetown, G. Wolcott 101 (TEX); Brushy Creek W of Round

Rock, C. York 46179 (TEX). Wilson Co.: Cibolo Creek, R. Johns s.n. (MICH); Southerland Springs, Cebelo Creek, E. Palmer 9305 (DS, MO,

Nueces Ri 11.5 miS of Uvalde, V. Cory 11959 (GH); 10 mi N of La P yor, N Ri US Hwy. 83, E. Dickey 67 (SMU).

Em ea Comings Creek, F. Lindheimer 291 (MO); Del Rio—Eagle Pass, E. Whitehouse (TEX); Gonzales Marsh, J. Normand s.n.

Justicia lanceolata (Chapm.) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1231. 1933. (Figs. 4B; 5D—E). Dianthera ovata var. lanceolata

Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 304. 1860. Dianthera lanceolata (Chapm.) Small in N.L. Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 855. 1901. Justicia humilis

var. lanceolata (Chapm.) Gleason, Phytologia 4:24. 1952. Justicia ovata var. lanceolata (Chapm.) RW. Long, J. Arnold Arbor. 51:303.

1970. TYPE: U.S.A. FLORIDA: “River-banks,” Jul (fide protologue), Chapman s.n. (LECTOTYPE, designated here: NY (ex Columbia

llege Herbarium: NYBG | le 00311890! ibl NY ex Herbarium Columbia University, NYBG bar code

00311889». i

Mostly erect, subaquatic, perennial herbs to 3 dm tall, sometimes forming colonies. Young stems quadrate-

sulcate to + flattened, glabrous or sparsely pubescent (+ evenly so or trichomes + disposed in multiple lines)

with retrorse eglandular trichomes 0.05-0.1 mm long. Leaves sessile (to subsessile), naked petioles absent or

‘02mm long, blades ascending to horizontal, elliptic to linear-elliptic to lance-elliptic (to oblanceolate), 21-

39-90) mm long, 25-1228) mm wide, (2-)3.6-13.6 x longer than wide, subrounded to acute at apex, acute

at base, surfaces glabrous, margin entire to sub f axill ] late loosel

In fl

te, ciliolate yp y

flowered spikes (or branched and becoming panicles of spikes) to 120(-150) mm long (including peduncles

and excluding corollas), peduncles to 60 mm long, glabrous, spike elongate (to 115 mm long), often curved,

bs Clearly visible, glabrous; dichasia alternate (i.e., 1 per node) above proximalmost node, sessile, 1-flow-

Ms Bracts triangular to subulate, 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, abaxial surface glabrous or pubescent with

E orse eglandular trichomes 0.05 mm long. Bracteoles subulate to lanceolate to ovate to elliptic, 1-2 mm

> 0.3-0.7 mm wide, abaxial surface glabrous or pubescent like bracts. Flowers sessile to subsessile (i.e.,

with pedicels 1005 mm long). Calyx 5-lobed, 4.5-7 mm long (up to 8 mm long in fruit), lobes linear, 4-6.2 mm

á LE mm wide, abaxially glabrous. Corolla pale to dark pink to pinkish purple with maroon markings

lip, (738-1113) mm long, externally pubescent (at least the limb) with erect to flexuose to antrorse

eglandular trichomes 0.05-0.2 mm long (the tube sometimes mostly or entirely glabrous), tube slightly ex-

aa distally, 3.5-5(-6) mm long, 1-1.8 mm in diameter, upper lip (324-6 mm long, lobes 0.2-0.6 mm

L8 I5(3.5.35.7C.9) mm long, lobes (1-)2-4.5 mm long, (0.6-)1-4 mm wide, lateral lobes barely di-

uc diverging from central lobe at angles <45°. Stamens 3.5-5 mm long, filaments glabrous, thecae yii

i qs PerPendicular to perpendicular, superposed (gap 0.3-0.7 mm long), 0.7-1.6 mm long, vins in

er theca longer), upper theca glabrous and lacking appendage, lower theca glabrous and with a basal

Pd 005-02 mm long; pollen 2-aperturate, apertures flanked on each side by 1 row of innt ved

Cet (s es : Coalescing into a band), exine reticulate. Style 5-8 mm long, distally glabrous, proximally pubes-

Metimes Sparsely so) with glandular and eglandular trichomes, stigma unequally 2-lobed, 1 lobe +

had js up p 0.1 mm long, other lobe 0.2 mm long. Capsule 9-13 mm long, glabrous, stipe 3-5.5 mm long,

IPsoid with slight medial constriction, 6-7.5 mm long. Seeds 4, discoid, 2-3 mm long, 1.9-2.7 mm

606 i i (2)

wide, surf. d i d d with mi ick like subconical papillae up to 0.05 mm

long, margin not differentiated from jiao d surface (i.e., seed lacking a distinct peripheral band) or

sometimes slightly thickened, entire to + crenate.

Phenology.—Flowering: March (clei fl ly), April-October; fruiting: May-October.

Distribution and habitats.—United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas); Texas plants occur in and along streams,

roadside ditches, ponds, swamps, bayous, marshy meadows, and low/wet } lands at elevations from 1 to

56(-140) m. In Texas, the distribution (Fig. 1) is generally limited to the easternmost six ecoregions: Coastal

Plains and Flatwoods (Western Gulf), Mid Coastal Plains (Western), Oak Woods and Prairies, Louisiana

Coastal Prairies and Manes, Putin Min Fist ue logra sod Central Gulf Prairies and Matre

e re ee ME 1

Wu coastal

po of Be : Mississippi dan valley. Letterman 381 at F, whid was collected in 1882 from Baird (Callahan

b tion, pertains to J. lanceolata. This locality is well to the ae of he range a other

Ae wa! th

poa in fene and considerably higher in elevation. Whether presence of

labeling error for the collection or an outlying occurrence in the Rolling Plains m central Texas remains to be

—

1 (e.g., Wasshausen 1998; Diggs et al. 1999; Wunderlin and Hansen

2003) as a variety of J. ovata, a species of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and

Virginia, that occurs primarily in the Atlantic coastal plain. MEpralagia! distinctions and tendencies be-

tween J. lanceolata and je cede from cat their rang lin the couplet below. The differ-

ences appear to I g other species of the genus in the eastern United States, and

fewer pl plants with cl i liate | th twot have been ] than between other

pairs (e.g., J. ovata and M" americana; cf. Beal and Brown rn with desc Ops distributions.

1 Spil ^

F PR F P

long J. ovata

1. Spike secund, dichasia above basal node alternate (i.e., solitary at inflorescence nodes); | ile to subsessile,

petioles to 2mm long J. lanceolata

1x Lb : $ :

A 1 Ep 1 in general ene of J 1 1 1 1 than those

of J. avita. The infloresctnta character provides a En better means = disingaishing between these taxa.

Another character that might help to disti f the two thecae of an

anther. Among limited specimens examined from hicaghot their ranges, bado of J. lanceolata are super

posed (either contiguous or with a gap between them to 0.7 mm), whereas those of J. ovata are unequally in-

serted (overlapping by up to 0.3 mm). There is little question that these two species are similar and likely

closely related. Their distributions overlap in southern Georgia, north-central to northwestern Florida,

southern Alabama.

Chapman (1860) did not cit i f hich to ch in his protologue. The typ%

of names in Chapman's 1860 Flora of the lic United States went to Columbia College/University (Stafleu

and Cowan 1976), and are now at NY. There are two specimens at NY (ex Columbia) that likely represent syr

types of this species. One was collected by Chapman in sinon: the other ok a label xà the Chapman

Herbarium = was one = in Florida. Both bear Chap his handwrit

ing, corr J. lanceolata. The specimen with die prined "Herb. Chapman

label is a more complete specimen and is i designated as the lectotype above. The other specimen is likely a di-

plicate of this collection.

Additional Texa i at m

SE of Wells, L. Paci Magen prm Vit a 9. V. Cory 56747 (SMU Bodan Creek, 6mi

Refuge, R. Fleetwood 9759 (TEX); Eagl tC: 7 mi Wf Texarkana on Appia Which 21417 MU) : A

aglenest Lake, 10 mi N of West Columbia, R. Fleetwood 10354 : banks of Navasota RW

mouth of Carters Creek, P. Fr ryxell 18. , NY); Bryan, E. Pal 11761 (GH, MO, NY, US); E of Bryan, R. Reeves 356 (m Navasol

viu x ipie ona Co.: 6 mi W of Snook on Hwy. 60, P. Fryxell 3118 (MICH, NY, SMU, TEX). Callahan Co.: Bii

Co.: Cypress Creek on Hwy. 11 E of Hughes Springs, E. Whitehouse 20277 (SMU). Chambers Co.: pu

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 607

toms, ca. 2 mi N of Cove on Texas rmy 13,8. Lines 794 (LL, SMU); 7.8 mi N of High island, V. uote 20212 uid beet RR tracks "

.124, 4.6 mi Sof Winnie (ca. 25 mi S\ M. Lelong s.n. (NCU); along 1-10 at T f Wallisville

uH 7431 (CAS). Ceraker Co.: ca. 14.5 mi SE de bus ca. 5.7 mi E of bao ot G. Eds: 6724 (BRIT). Colorado Co.: Sire

Bush 1496 (MO); Altair, B. Tharp 2669 (TEX, US). F g, L. Lodwick & B. Snyder 564 (BRIT); rest

area on 1-10 at Brookshire (ca. 20 mi W of edge of Houston), T. Van Devender & R. Van Devender 93- 692 d'ora DISK Galveston Co.: 0.25 mi

Nof Link Road behind old Bradshaw Nursery, League C pid F. Waller 3807 (GH, TEX). Gregg Co.: Yorh s.n. (TEX). Grimes

: FM 244, 0.9 mi Sof Hwy. 30, S. Jasper E04-2 (TAMU). Hardin Co.: near Sour nla Sour iake Beaumont t — Pine pii adn

C. Lundell & A. Lundell 14107 (LL, SMU, US); 7 mi N of Kountze, E. Whitel

Recap NE E Houston, G. Fisher 1739 (US), s.n. (UC); Houston, E. Hall 424 (F, GH, MO, NY, US); Houston, E. jopa n.

(DAV); 5 te Oak Bayou, F. Lindheimer 159 (F, GH, MO, UC); near Houston, F. Lindheimer s.n. (SMU). Harrison Co.:

5 mi E of lia. V. Ens 22889 (GH); Caddo Lake State Park, near boat ramp, R. Fleetwood 12243 (BRIT). Henderson Co.: just S of

"ur dide 315 m dM D. BER Vii gine MES off T€ 31, anne inem E of Trinidad, C. Lundell 15097 (LL, US);

95miSof Athe , TEX). Jasper Co.: 2.33 mi S of Jasper, V. Cory

56580 (SMU, US). Jeff. Co.: 5 mi S of Grayburg, D. Correll 16471 (LL, SMU). L Co.: Hinckley, F. Thurow s.n. (US). Leon Co.: Fort

Boggy State Park, 4 mi S of Centerville on Hay 75, E Nixon 17715 (BRIT); 4.8 mi S of Centerville, L. Shi 24282 (SMU). Liberty Co.: jct.

Trinity River and Hwy. 105, E. Nixon 4201 OE HM Hardin Co. on Texas Hwy. 105, R. oen: et = € (BRIT). per aae I CR

431, ca. 5.3 mi W of Nortt Zulch, A. Neil 59 Hwy. 21 bridge, A. Neill 284 (T.

cality, R. Dixon 496 (F); 13 mi S of foros, ner 75, B. Turner 2910 (SMU). Nacogdoches Co.: 10.5 mi SW of e V. Cory 10677

(GH), 10678 (GH). Newton Co.: wit! Tharp s.n. (TEX). O Co.: N of Necl R. Crockett 7020 (LL, US);

1-10, ca. 12 mi W of Orange, J. pradas PN gu ND Panola Co.: 18. 4 mi NW on FR 31 paisa its jet. with Hwy. 84 in Logansport, La., S.

Jones & G. Jones 3677 (ARIZ); 0.7 1 Hwy. 59, W. Lewis & R. Oliver 5311 (SMU), 8 mi NE of Carthage, Sabine River

bottoms, L. Shi 15654 Polk Co.: 4.33 mi E of Corrigan, V. Cory 22146 (GH); 5.5 mi W of Corrigan, D. Correll & H. Correll 38962

(GH, LL, UC); jet. hwys. 1926 and 938, Big Sandy Section, Big Thicket National Preserve, L. Dorr et al. 2184 (MO, "EU Red River Co.:

Lennox Woods Nature Preserve, 10 mi N of Clarksville on SH 37, 1.5 mi W along FM 2118 (to Mt. Pl ), and 1 mi S along

county road, Pecan Bayou, 33.45 N, 95.05 W, R. Sanders 1966 (BRIT, TEX); 16.5 mi N of Clarksville on pepa E cm 20570 MS

Robertson Co.: Walnut Creek at SH 6, 30°22.21'N, 96°20.56'W, D. Arrington & K. Winemiller BRA-07

River at cam Cay sem T neg 2233 (TAMU); US Hwy. 79 and Navasota River, T. Starbuck 2404a (TAMU). Rusk Co.: 0.5 mi W of

jet hwys. 3 Mitchell 3173 (LL). Sabine Co.: 4 mi N of Hemphill, V. Cory 22749 (GH). San Augustin Co.: ca. 6 mi

D. Correll 27428 (D. Senecio Co.: Rt. 150, ca. 4 mi W of Sheperd, D. Correll & J. Crutchfield 30979 (GH, LL, UC); ca. 7

mi NNW of Cleveland on Tex. H Hwy. 2025 Natl. Forest, J. Strother 201 (DS, SMU, TEX). Shelby Co.: 4.9 mi E on FM 139 at

Chambers Creek Bayou from its jct. with FM 2427, S. Jones et al. 1368 CARS: ne Co.: pode Big Sandy, Reverchon 2031 (MO). Titus

Co: NofFM 127 NE of Monticello Blundell Creek area, P. i H 127, 33°06'N,

ces 64 (SMU). Trinity Co.: Trinity, Tharp 731 (US). Tyler Co.: E edge of a D. Correll 27376 (LL, MO, NCU, SMU,

Gir s Lake, Neches River, E of Woodville, D. Correll & E. Ogden 25146 (LL, MO, SMU). Upshur Co.: 8.5 mi N of Ore City, at Morris

ia Ee (SMU). Van Tan 6 a ne Asa State Park, W. Carr 9757 (TEX); 9 mi E of Edom (1.3 mi W of Neches River)

1” d, E. Whitehouse 16456 (MICH, SMU). Walker Co.: Huntsville, Tharp s.n.

NWof SIA

(TE

X). W Co. Aaw Creek, E. Brackett s.n. (ch. 3H wen lorte E. Pocket s.n. Euh nee Co.: Little Sandy Club,

: Hawkins, W. Mahler 9957 (BRIT); Quitman, E. McMullen lj y. 182, 4 mi E of Quitman, R.

ltchell 3906 (LL); Mineola, J. Reverchon s.n. (MO). C. 1 ined: Harrisburg, J. M n. (US).

Justicia longii Hil Isenb. PL in Evol. 169:231. 1990. (Figs. 4F; 5G-I). Siphonoglossa longiflora (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. FLN

Amer. 2(1):328, 1878. Adh iflora Torr. in Emory, Rep. U.S & Mex. Bound. Surv. 2(1):125. 1859, non J. longiflora Vis. (1839,

1840). Tyee: MEXICO. pe oit between Zuni and Altar, Sep 1855, A. Schott III no. 3 (Mex. Bound. Surv. 726) (HOLOTYPE: NY;

ISOTYPE: Fl: probable ISOTYPE: US).

Perennial herb to 3.5

i (5) dm tall. Young stems subquadrate, multi-striate, evenly pubescent with retrorsely

Hp eglandular trichomes 0.05-0.8 mm long. Leaves subsessile to petiolate; petioles to 10 mm long;

55 linear-lanceolate to lanceolate to elliptic to ovate, 5-70 mm long, 2-12(-18) mm wide, 2-10 x longer

us Wide, Ene t0) acute to acuminate to o uc at apex, acute to subattenuate at base, surfaces pu-

lent with antr landular tricl 05-0.8 mm long, trichomes sometimes becoming restricted to

Major veins on mature leaves. Infl f ax;ll : ibsessile (i.e., borne on peduncles to 1 mm

e cinis, dichasia opposite at distal leaf nodes, Y per ERAS 1-3-flowered. Bracteoles often subfoliose, lin-

ance-elliptic, 4-24 mm long, 0.5-4.7 mm wide, abaxial surface pubescent like leaves; secondary bracte-

li "ripe Similar to bracteoles except smaller. Flowers sessile. Maris siete x mm we lobes

axial Se ae 3.5-8(-10. 2, mm nion 0.7-2.1 mm wide, widest T

Tulent with antror } 0.05 mm long. Corolla entirely white, 31-55 mm these

U ICHOL

n r 44 D $4 28 BK Bo iiic £T, ch)

608 Jj

externally pubescent Mis flexuose to retrorse eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm long, tube cylindric, 28-43

mm long, 1-1.5 int, upper lip 5-12 mm long, 2-lobed at apex, lobes rounded, 1 mm

long, 1.2 mm wide, lower lip 6-13 mm bons lobes 4-12 mm long, 3—5.6 mm wide, apically rounded. Stamens

4-7 mm long, filaments glabrous; thecae 14-2 mm long (including spur), equal in size, parallel, unequally

inserted (overlapping by 1 mm), both spurred at base, spurs to 0.3 mm long; pollen 3-aperturate, apertures

flanked on each side by 2(-3) rows of insulae, exine reticulate. Style (2332-41 mm long, pubescent with eg-

landular trichomes; stigma 0.2-0.3 mm long, subhemispheric to + equally 2-lobed. Capsule 6.5-10 mm long,

glabrous, stipe 2.5—4 mm long, head ovoid to pen to subglobose, 6—6.5 mm long. Seeds 4, discoid, 2-25

mm long, ant 5 mm wide, surf. d margin bubbly-tuberculate (covered with low, rounded, moundlike tu-

a * 1 1 1 1 th A

" A

Phenology.—Flowering: unknown; fruiting: June.

Distribution and habitat.—Southwestern United States (Arizona, Texas) and northwestern Mexico

(Sonora); Texas plants occur in a region of Chihuahuan desertscrub at elevations near 1515 m. In Texas the

species is known only from the Chinati DAS] in Presidio County (Fig. 1), in the Basin and Range ecore-

gion of the Trans-Pecos. Both kn

WEIC IMIAUC 111

ge qa — y dn nde US data from specimens collected outside of Texas. The

(Daniel 2004), which are found in Sonoran des-

eU and SEATER at elevations from 380 to 1900 meters. Other Acanthaceae that are disjunct between

western Texas and Ari /S ist of Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray and Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. &

A. Gray) Urb.

Morphologically similar species, and likely close relatives of J. longii, include J. pilosella and J. masiaca TF.

Daniel. The former species differs by the characters noted in the key above, and the latter differs by its corolla

with a purplish limb and pollen that is 4-aperturate (Daniel 2004).

Daniel (2004) briefly discussed the typification of Adhatoda longiflora, but neglected to provide relevant

details. Collection data on the type specimen from Torrey’s herbarium at NY is complete and matches that in

the protologue. The specimen is annotated in Torrey’s hand with the name as published, “Adhatoda ? longiflo-

ra; and it includes attached drawings with floral details (that are included in Torrey's description) based on

dissected flowers. This specimen was treated as the holotype by Hilsenbeck (1990) and Daniel (2004); how-

ever, Hilsenbeck annotated it as the lectotype in 1982. A duplicate of Schott's collection is extant at F, and a

likely duplicate (bearing only the Boundary Survey number, HEN is at US id Medion: were annotated

by Hilsenbeck as isolectotypes. The specimen at F is mounted collections of this

species made by Schott that lack correlation with accompanying labels. The label includes Schott's nt mber,

locality, and the year of collection, but does not bear Torrey’s name or handwriting. It is not known to which of

the various plants on the sheet this label pertains, honte: The specimen at US lacks Torrey's name or hand-

writing; "Adhatoda Torr" is writt y Survey Label ina — "o to, sa not identi-

cal with that of Torrey. It appears that instead of two, or possibly tl Y is theonly

one known to have been used iud Weide in preparing his protologue. Iti is nes RE as the iocis

T, 1. p,

Antonio Canyon, S side of Chinati Mts., M. Butterwick & E. Lott 3864b (TEX); China

Mts., M. Butterwick & E. Lott 3872 (TEX).

icia pacifica (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2:515. 1882. (Figs. 4E; 6A—C). Adhatoda pacifica Oet-

Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1854. 164. 1855. TYPE: MEXICO. OAXACA: Pacific Coast, Puerto d de en

Cruz, Oct 1842, F. Liebmann 10687 (HOLOTYPE: C!).

fimm enean Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1:2, t. 3. 1797, nom illegit. (non Lam. 1785, which i Ruelli ia paniculata

ee in "S de Candolle, Prodr. 11:398. 1 boli Ja i s. Gen LE 2980.19

1 Alph. de Candolle, I 11:398. 1847. Justicia urcata Jacq. var. "emia meee’ Green?

Publ. Field Colis Mus. Dai Ser. 2:262. 1907. TYPE: MEX : ; le ante

from the AT of Mexico were cited.

Justicia caudata A. Proc. Amer. Acad. A E

rts 21:405. 1886. TYPE: MEXICO. CHIHUAHU -Nov 1885, E. Palmer!

(HOLOTYPE: GH!: EH K!, US). mm

Daniel, Justicia in Texas oe

P 6 Teras species

of Justici M.etal. 6371. dare rede join

Ladt vi t cie. A. 1. pacifica. A. Habit (Daniel 419 and Hernández. et a ie Dane

tle node Dare 126 with one tacere portal d on left. F, Seed (Reina 6. ater 46 G-I. J. wrightii (Turner &

5) a T0) wi 34h " en dem e n right). |. Seed. Drawn by J. Weller

610 i EY F EL ? 1 D. BE S a £T. cr)

— nonet Small, Addisonia 15:29. 1930. TYPE: U.S.A. TEXAS: C B ille, R. R ; collection fi l

“grown in prop. house. #56095” (LECTOTYPE, ek here: NY).

Reclining to erect perennial herbs tolm tali, g stems subterete to Pae, multistriate, ine

mostly g glabrous, pub LOCC UL retrorsely aj

dular trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm d the trichomes sometimes extending ME mm down the iie in2

lines. Leaves petiolate, petioles to 4(-8) mm long, blades ovate to ovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic to linear,

uns 50 mm long, 2.6-43 mm wide, 2.5-19 x longer than wide, acuminate at apex, acute to attenuate at base,

] y pube scent witl l landular trichomes, martin entire to cre-

nate, ciliate with trichomes like those on surfaces. Inflorescence of axillary and terminal dichasiate spikes

(rarely of 1-flowered dichasia in leaf axils); axill ile or borne on peduncles to 2 mm long, spikes

(or 1-flowered dichasia) mostly opposite, 1-2 per ixi to 18 mm long (excluding corollas), rachis glabrous or

sparsely pone with flexuose to Loves: "e odes 0. 5 mm long, dichasia alternate, sessile,

1-flowered, | hi to lance-linear, 6-10 mm long,

0.9-1.5 mm wide, abaxial sürfáce pubescent with antrorse to antrorsely ap d eglandular trichomes 0.1-

0.2 mm long and distally with erect to flexuose glandular trichomes 0. 1-0. 2mm hing as well, sterile bracts

smaller than fertile bracts, linear, 1-10 mm long, 0.1-0.7 mm wide, nearly glabrous or pubescent like fertile

bracts; terminal spikes to 20 mm long, rachis pubescent like young stems, ae opposi, c: 1-flow-

ered, bracts homomorphic, linear, 8-17 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide

antrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.2 mm long and distally often with flexuose mee tri-

chomes 0.05-0.2 mm long as well. Bracteoles linear, 4-9 mm long, 0.3-0.7 mm wide, pubescent like bracts.

Flowers sessile. Calyx 5-lobed, 4-9 mm long, lobes lanceolate, 3.3-8 mm long, 1-1.6 mm wide, margin hyaline

or lighter colored than central portion, ay coude or meses pubescent with antrorse eglandular tri-

chomes 0.05 mm long. C violet with lower lip, 12-23 mm long, externally

pubescent with erect to haces glandular (and sometimes eglandular as well) trichomes 0.1-0.2 mm long,

tube 5-10 mm long, ampliate distally, upper lip 7.5-14 mm long, 2-lobed, lower lip 7-15 mm long, lobes 4-8

mm long, 3-6 mm wide. Stamens 6.5-12 mm long, filaments glabrous, thecae parallel, unequally inserted

oven by 0.5 mm), unequal in size (lower vana iub 1.4-2.3 mm long (including basal appendage),

glabr ous or the upper d ll pubescent wi lar trichomes, lower theca with a basal appendage

0.05-0.3 mm long; pollen 2- apenas apertures flaked on each side by 2 rows of insulae, exine reticulate.

Style 11-16 mm long, distally glabrous, proximally pubescent with eglandular trichomes, stigma 0.1 mm long,

lobes not evident. Capsule 10-15 mm long, pubescent with erect to Peruse to retrorse eglandular trichomes

0.05-0.1 mm long, head ovoid to ellipsoid with a medial rio: dus mm rong du 4, se

2.5-3 mm long, 2.3-2.9 mm wide, surfaces mioo eae wit mm long.

Phenology.—Flowering: July-December; f ber-December.

Distribution and habitats.—United States (Southern ees Mexico, Guatemala; Texas plants occur in

thornscrub and mee tee gees eee on sandy soi 4 to 21 m. In Texas, the species

is limited to the R gion of the state Dp" D. The occurrence of this spè

cies in Goliad nnm well to the north kde its Pont known occurrences (Wasshausen 1966; Turner et al. 2005.

par et al. aa) is based on a series f n unspecified locale by E. F. Owens in 1940. These

the species, which has not been recollected in Goliad County since then.

In Texas this species has been known as J. runyonii. Small (1930) noted that it had evidently eluded bot

nists of the Mexican Boundary Survey and that the species had not been collected until 1922 when Robert

Runyon found it on the banks of the Resaca Viejo, about five miles east of Brownsville. Small also noted it

decorative potential, horticultural value, and drought tolerance. He indicated that it flowers sporadically, m

following the autumn rains it blooms profusely.

On the label of one of his collections of this Species, Runyon perceptively noted that this was «probably i

Mexican specie[s] entering this region” I am c

d that he was correct in his speculation. Indeed, J. ™

yonii is indistinguishable from Mexican plants that have been associated with the following names: J. furcala

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 611

Jacq. (nom. illegit.; e.g., Sánchez S. 1979), J. caudata (Daniel 1995, 2004), and J. pacifica. All of these names

pertain to plants as described above for Texan collections. While I suspect an older name that will apply to the

i American plants lurks among West Indian or mit American peto in HM we Nudes iJ noon

plex, I herewith th g pp

1 | 231 e 1 J 1 f 1;

J. runyonii, he West I and ar

American des dim been resolved.

In the protologue of J. runyonii Small discussed both wild plants from Texas and cultivated plants grown

at the New York Botanical Garden, but he did not cite specific specimens. At NY, there is a specimen collected

by Robert Runyon near Brownsville in Cameron County, and gerit ina feopaantion konat at ax New York

— een me ne beats a date of 1925 (whether tł ld or collec-

tated ble | in 1982. A specimen

from the Runyon Hiberni at LL was solldied by Runyon (no. 569) « on 20 Octdhes 1923 *in El Jardin tract

about 5 miles from Brownsville, Texas." The specimen was identified by Small as J. runyonii at an unknown

date. Both specimens are likely syntypes of J. runyonii, and the cultivated sy t NY is designated as the

lectotype above

Additional T 1 Co.: USFWS E f South Thompson Rd., 1.3 mi S of jet. EM. 107 (1.9 air mi SE

of jet. FM. 107 and FM. 506 at Santa Rosa, 26°14'N, 97°48'W, W. Carr et al. 11572 (TEX); 4 mi E of La Paloma, D. Correll & I. Johnston 17977

(LL);2.5 mi NE of Olmito, V. igs 36473 (Gt); Resaca del Rancho Viejo C Pue Cannon Resaca’ a I. Davis 53-593 (TEX); Lower Adams Tract,

7 (SMU,

L Davis & M. Johnston s.n. (TEX) i Fleetwood 11557 (SMU) I M. Johnston 2757 (SM

is Olmito, J. Rose & P. Russell 24188 ; El Jardin tract, ca. 5 mi f B ille, R i 569 (LL, US); near Barreda, 13 mi N of

oto R. Ls 3259 (TEX); near Barreda, R. Runyon 3555 (TEX). Goliad Co.: with E. Owens 3149 (TAES), 3150 (TAES),

ise Co.: Methodist Camp Thicket S of Weslaco on Rt. 1015, dem N of Llano n u^ B. Ertter eer Larke ied EN

NY); ds Wildlife Refuge, S of Alamo, R. Fleetwood 3166 (TEX). Will

ca. 2.3-2.4 mi SSE of Villareal Artesian Well, 26°35'13.8"N, 97°38'39"W, W. Carr & S. Najera 26526 qut

pilosella (Nees) Hilsenb., PL Syst. Evol. 169:225. 1990. (Figs. 4C; 6D—F). Monechma pilosella Nees in A. de

Candolle, Prodr. 11:412. 1847. Siphonoglossa pilosella (Nees) Torr. in Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Pie — 2(1):124. 1859. TYPE: U.S.A.

TEXAS: between Brazoria and San Felipe, 1835, T. Drummond coll. 3, b. Hooker)

Adhatoda dipteracantha Nees in A. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:396. 1847. Sip! (Nees) A. Heller, Contr. Herb. Franklin

& Marshall College 1:95. 1895. Type: MEXICO. TAMAULIPAS: ad Tampico vile Taio without date, J. Berlandier 192 (LECTOTYPE,

designated by Hilsenbeck, 1990: G-DC; presumed ISOLECTOTYPE: G- gum

Pipteracanthus procumbens Nees in A. de Candolle, Prodr. 11:133. 1 pted iginal publication, see discus-

w).

sion

Siphonoglossa greggii Greenm. & C.H. Thomps., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1:409. 1914. TYPE: MEXICO. TAMAULIPAS: Matamoros, 7 Jun

1847, Gregg 915 (HOLOTYPE: MOI).

a turneri Hilsenb., Pl. Syst. Evol. 169:227. 1990. TYPE: U.S.A. TEXAS: Cameron Co: vicinity of B lle, 10 m, 11 Jun 1941, R.

Runyon 2773 [cited as “2273” in protologuel(HOLOTYPE: TEX!; ISOTYPE: US!).

Perennial herbs to 3.5 dm tall, sometimes trailing. Young stems subquadrate to quadrate with 4 longitudinal

da internodes 2-fariously pubescent with retrorse to retrorsely appressed eglandular trichomes 0. 3-1

(latter tri E = x el pubescent with flexuose to flexuose-retrorse eglandular — 0.5-1.3 mm long

uose parse or absent) or internodes evenly pubescent with erect to flexuose to flex-

or diio dnd sinned 0.7-2 mm long. Leaves petiolate, petioles to 5 mm long, blades concolorous

lo Plorous, lance-ovate t ly or broadly elliptic, 9-53 mm long, 3.5-23 mm wide, 1.4-5.3 x

e, than wide, rounded to acute at pex, (rounded to) acute at base, surfaces and margin pubescent (some-

i sparsely so and/or with trichomes of surfaces — to midvein) with erect to flexuose to an-

aug sometimes inconspicuously glandular punctate, margin entire to subsinuate. Wires of

12) per Subsessile dichasia in leaf axils, peduncles (if present) to 2 mm long; dichasia opposite or a vo

416 viis L-flowered. Bracteoles subsessile to petiolate, oblanceolate to obovate to elliptic ^ > o =

tels to 0 5 ong, 1-55 mm wide, abaxial surface pubescent like leaves. Flowers sessile to subsessile (i.e., pedi-

mm long). Calyx 5-lobed, 3.5-9 mm long, lobes subulate to lance-subulate, 277.6 mm long, 0.3-0.9

612 Journal of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

mm iui seas bia at hus anu nearly uma or pubescent like | l in ciliate. Corolla

irely white, 12-30 mm dd ; externally

cent with iR ce ae trichomes 04 05-0.4 mm kos tube cylindric, 8.5-19 mm long, 0.9-2 mm in

diameter near midpoint, upper lip 3-9 mm long, 2-lobed at apex, lobes 0.5-1.2 mm long, lower lip 3-12 mm

long, lobes 1.5-9 mm long, 1.5-5 mm wide. Stamens 3-7 mm long, filaments glabrous, thecae subparallel to

subperpendicular, 0.7-1.6 mm long, subequa in ngos. glabrous, subequally to unequally inserted (overlap-

ping by 0.5-1 mm), lower theca with an basal appendage 0.05—0.2 mm long; pollen 2-apertu-

rate, apertures flanked on each side by 1-2 rows o insulae sometimes rostrum formed or peninsula),

interapertural exine reticulate. Style 12-20 mm long, glab near base with antror

eglandular trichomes, stigma 0.1-0.2 mm long, Fuer E to unequally 2- ished or lobes not evident. Capsule

5-10 mm long, glabrous, head ovoid to ellipsoid, 4-6 mm long. Beals 4, a ugs or orangish turning

dark brown ture, 2.2-3.2 mm long, 2-3.3 mm wide, ith |

like) non-overl lapping tubercles.

Phenology.—Fl g: all year; fruiting: all year.

TALL d JLOLN € 1 VOCE TUR A (T INI TW prec yee | At (Chihuahua

Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas,

Zacatecas); in Texas plants occur mostly in association with limestone in arid and semi-arid regions of west

central, southern, eps western ron: a sees state ides Ds on dnos lop d al , roadsides,

b, desert ere ite scrub,

oak scrub, juniper woodland, oak-juniper ce Pa oak woodland, pecan-cypress riparian forest) at eleva-

tions from 6 to won m. The widespread species occurs in at least eight ecoregions of Texas, but is most abun-

dant in the Ri Pl Stockton Plateau, Edwards Plateau, Basin and Range, and Rolling Plains.

Justicia turneri was previously known in Texan botanical literature as Siphonoglossa greggii, and distin-

guished from J. Med by its nie pubescence consisting of retrorse trichomes disposed in decussating

lines (vs, spreadi ly disposed trichomes; e.g., Correll and Johnston 1970). Hilsenbeck (1990) indi-

cated that the type ae >. ee london to J. pilosella, but that the species, as represented by paratypes, was

distinctive. Thus, he described a new species, J. turneri, based on the paratypes and additional collections

Hilsenbeck (1990; key on p. 225) distinguished Justicia turneri from J. pilosella on the basis of the following

attributes: stem hairs mostly 0.1-0.3 mm long (vs. “mostly 0.5-1.5 mm long”) and disposed in two lines, leaves

lanceolate to elliptic (vs. “rarely ovate, more often obovate to oblong”) and strongly discolorate (vs. “not con-

spicuously discolorate”), corolla usually white (vs. purple or pink), anthers 0.9-1.3 mm long (vs. 1.5-2.2 mm

long), and seeds 2.3 x 2.3 mm (vs. 3.3 x e: may. In icd of Poena efforts, theae taxa have remained pe

cult to disti guish. Study ofp l th ico also tend to “blur”

putative distinctions paun them. Cauline p p (length, disposition, and shape) is particularly vari

bie TAERE both "car J J. pilosell gp 1 by Hilsenbeck en as Ji turneri. inder mosi

+ he Li] Y. E : se are

either a + evenly disposed to concentrated in two lines. Leaf shape varies from laüceolata to elliptic among

specimens treated as J. turneri an d ovate to elliptic to obovate among those of J. pilosella. Surface discoloration

of the leaves (dark adaxially and light abaxially) is prevalent among most, but not all, plants identified as}

turneri, but can wm Occur in ia puos of J. poses Stanford et al. 2139 (annotated by Hilsenbeck as J. turneri)

from Tamaul lipas d g uta plant from Querétaro (Carranza G. 734) that other-

wise conforms to J. pilosella sh foliar discol 1. Corolla color in plants identified as J. turner

by Hilsenbeck varies from white (some Texan plants) to pinkish to purplish (other Texan plants, but appar

ey more common in | Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas) In he protologes of Ji tieu Huber (1990) noted

^ erarely lavender or pink. H ar Monterrey

with both purple loven and a “very densely hispid pubescence throughout ^ Richardson calle plans

(1406, 1407) at Olmito Lake in oe County I (with

corollas. Runvo HOUR ERST i ;

Label data on Runyon 325 h ality st chines with either white %

ers wit

Daniel, Justicia in Texas i

purple corollas there. Runyon also noted that seeds from white- —€— plants produced progeny with white

corollas. In Hidalgo County, Ertter collected plants with | di lanceolate to elliptic, and with

stems 2-fariously pubescent with retrorse trichomes to 0.6 mm long. Both white-flowered plants (5230a) and

violet-flowered plants (5230) were encountered in this population. Anther thecae among specimens treated as

J. turneri vary from 0.7-1.4 mm long, whereas those among specimens of J. pilosella vary from 1-1.6 mm long.

Seed size among specimens treated as J. turneri varies from 2.2-2.8 x 2—2.9, whereas it varies from 2.53.2 x

25-33 among specimens of J. pilosella.

The considerable variation and overlap among the character states used by Hilsenbeck (1990) to distin-

guish these two taxa preclude recognition of J. turneri as a distinct species based on them. Other superficially

similar, and likely closely related, species from northern Mexico appear to differ from J. pilosella in several

characters. For example, J. decurvata Hilsenb., from Durango, differs by its linear to lance-linear leaves 2-4 mm

wide and evenly puberulent young stems with trichomes to 0.3 mm long; and J. hintoniorum Nesom, from

Nuevo León, differs by its corollas 31-35 mm long and capsules 10-11 mm long that are pubescent with eglan-

dular trichomes.

Some plants of J. pilosella from southern Texas (e. g., Daniel 191 at CAS and Cory 51455 at CAS, both from

Cameron County) and s ain "— of ME Be g^ — e — a at — = — "e

(Daniel & Baker 3630 at CAS)

leaves). These glands appear to be present on some (but not all) plants that have discolorate and lancedbie to

ovate to elliptic leaves.

Hilsenbeck's (1990) pio o the sole specht (“Drummond ! coll. 3, n. 255, in h. Bentham”)

cited in the protologue of M would appear t

The name “Dipteracanthus ria is treated as invalid for the ionii reason. Nees (1847) de-

scribed “Dipteracanthus procumbens” as a new species on page 133 of de Candolle's Prodromus. There, he cited

a single specimen: Ede 192 from Tampico pe mada Mexico, in m Moricas herbarium. On page

396 of the same wo rk, N PEI T based on 1) Berlandier 192 from

Tamaulipas as seen in the herbaria of de Candolle and Moricand, eid: 2) Drummond's “coll. 3 n. 250 in h.

Hooker” from “Belio Bragosia et S. Felipe in prov. Texas.” Under A. dipteracantha, he also cited as a synonym:

Dipteracanthus procumbens N. ab E.! in h. Moricand.” Both pages were pobed CA in 1847.

Use Dipteracanthus procumbens” 1 by the author in th (i.e., he treated

L^" the name of a new species and as a mma for another name), sud to Article 34.1 of the

onal Code of Botanical Nomenclatnee (McNeill et al. 2006) it is pus es Loro — ys

Es e Is. Hilsenbeck (1990) d gnated Berlandier 192 at G-DC as tl

ofiche of that specimen. Data on Berlandier 192 at G-Moricand, a rod isolectotype of

dipteracantha, reveal that it was collected in 1827.

"redi Bheda r NE E E E c V. Cory 55364 (SMU, US). Bexar Co.: S of San Antonio, E.

ine alias in (F); 11 mi N of San Antonio, M. Clare 86 (CAS, MICH); San Antonio, J. Clemens & a - pards Pluen

"ng cad (F); Comanche pecan New Braunfels, F. es in bud P, UC hou Blanco Co.: Edwa p

al 2 (CAS). coin Falls, ca. 30?20'N, 98°15'W, T. Daniel & M.

UO; Hwy, 0.: Hwy. 385, 12.1 mi Sof jct. Hwy. 385 and Hwy. 90, T. Daniel 115 (CAS); 10 mi E of Alpine, C. Rowell 11542 wise

571 e Il ay of Alpine, O. dosi T1055 (UC); ca. 11 mi S of Marathon, O. Sperry 1560 € ca. 16 mi E of Alpine, B. Warnock

Him Burnet Co.: Mormon Hole near

n Mil o.: Brownwood, E. Palmer 26803 (MO); Brownwood, H. Purvis 3 (LL, SMU). Burnet

: neas Creek, D. bas & H. Correll 12719 (SMU); along Colorado River, S. isum 4 (US). Callahan Co.: Baird, G.

AMO), 38 389 (F); ca. 3 mi W of Putnam on US Hwy. 80, N. Henderson 62-779 (SMU); Baird, J. Reverchon 728 (F). Cameron Rio

el Rowe 7081 I ago o — D. Correll 28966 (LL, MO, US); Arroyo Colorado, just E of Harlingen, D. guid

“ML MO MU); 4 Il & I. Johnston 17974 (LL); Resaca del Rancho Viejo, 0.5 mi SW of O

: se S, TEX, vs; bes Perry oy Scout Cam) near Hwy. 1420, 2.9 mi S of Willacy Co. line, T. Daniel 191 a

ancho Viejo, NE 6145 (US): near Port Isabel, C. Lundell & A. Lundell 8659 (LL, MICH,

63 (TEX, mito, A. Richardson 1406 i 1407 saath Olmito, J. Rose & P. Russell 24187b (US), 24189 ae s mnes x

Qs; of ide US), ee R. oen 370 (TEX), 422 me Loma near coast, R. Runyon 1445 (TEX, US); Olmito : € adn

US. Coke Co.: Ra a ; Arroyo Colorado, Harlingen, R. Runyon 5191 (TEX); Green Island, B. Tharp

Rancho oe, 0.2 mi NW of main entrance, near Wildcat Creek, UTM 3512 35227. L. Sanchez 4341 (TEX). Comal Co.:

i as E »

U e Jep sors ol

614 i i (2)

New pisos F. Lindheimer 396 (MO, SMU), Se (MO), H. Ripley & R. Barneby 4155 (CAS); near the Guadalupe River, R. Wagoner & F.

Barkley 13802 (MO, TEX, UC). Crockett Co.: Hwy. 163, 18.2 mi N jct. Hwy. 163 and Hwy. 189 iin branch), T. Daniel 121 (CAS); rocky

shakes, x Bibi: 728 (DS, ^ MICH, MG wt yad Dewitt Co.: oa, d B. ney 2664 (TEX). Dimmit Co.: Chaparral Wildlife

s s.n. in 1885 (MICH); 6.7 mi SE of Freer,

E Sinnen 19617 (SMU); 3 mi E of ita on SH 359, M. Solis 34 (SMU). Edwards Co.: Hwy. 55, 18.4 mi S gap atis 2 site Nisi a -— in

pene simon T. — er "- nee spinam Hw T rest area aJ. Taylor & B. Li

G. Jermy 44 30915 N, ad W, R. Sanders 5308 (BRIT). Goliad Co:

McNamara Ranch, 0. 2 mi 2 de oe SE side Heo 59, S. «je 6146 (NY). G l Gonzales, J Presha 8344 AE US).

Guadal Co.: 4.2 Johnston & W. ^ 5099 (SMU). Hay nell 10435

(NY): SanM Trelease s.n. (MO). Hid lg Co.: Mission, I HEREIN (F); Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge, D. Correll & C. EAS 15619

(LL); West Lake, Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge, D. Correll & D. Wasshausen 27690 (LL, US); a — Mri S bel veer on Rt. 1015,

N fa Llano Grande Lake, B. Ertter et al. 5230 (CAS, TEX), 5230a (CAS, NY); Santa A 30 (US); La

Joy. iyon 2850 (TEX, US); North Edinburg, I. Schillerr 868 (US); Me Alien: E. Schulz 2862 (F). on Co.: 3. 1 mi SSW of Mertzon, L.

She aus MU). ) Jaca € 3mi ih vibe uci. Red Fish Bayou, B. Turner et al. 3308 (TEX). Jeff Davis Co.: Mt. Livermore, L.

ckley 634 (F); Limp ing 11 miN Hwy. 17, C. Lundell $4 Lundell 13131 (SMU); Davis Mt. State Park, Davis Mts,

74 km W of Fort Davis on TEX 118, 30?36'N, 103°56'W, A. Reina & T. Van Devender 2003-864 (CAS); Davis Mts., S. vens & F. Earle 351 (US).

im Hogg Co.: Farm Rd. 649, Vela Pena Ranch, 20 mi S of Miranda e R. Sanchez et al. 8314 (TEX). Jim Wells Co.: N of Alice, C. Albers

pum (TEX, UC); 4 mi W of Alice, L. Shinners 19578 (SMU). Karnes Co.: 1.5 mi SE of Falls City on US Hwy. 181, J. pue 1029 (US). Kendall

Co.: 14 km wen ne of Boerne, e pa vic. POA Brei, «c Cua 560 (NY). Kenedy Co.: King Ranch ione pon. Portales

23B.M.I illo Pasture. M. Johnston 53266.2 (TEX): Ki R h. Norias Division, C. ell 15129 (Ll

MO, SMU, UC, US ble Co.: S I Ri Sch Park ‘Sanction a ca. 30°30'N, 99°46'W, T. Dan icl & M. O

AS). Kinney Co.: Ton dires E. Mearns 1454 (DS, US); c Mts., ca. 30 mi SE of Brackettville, J. Strother 249 (DS, SMU). Kleberg Co:

pn E.B ); San Fernando Creek NE of Kingsville, D. Correll & C. Schweinfurth 15602 (LL, SMU, UC); S end of Canelo

Pasture, Santa G dis Division of King Ranch, M. Joh 5423 (SMU, TEX); Kingsville, J. Sinclair s.n. (TEX). La Salle Co.: 8 mi W of

Artesia Wells, CI ] Wildlife M A D Seigler et al. 15107 (TEX). Live Oak Co.: Rte. 281 S of George West, 11.1 mi N of FM

3162, S. Hill 18258 (MO). Llano Co.: Ys ano, W. Bray 309 (TEX, US). Mason Co.: Loyal Valley, E. sanies 7423 GNU. Mayr 18 mi

E of Eagle Pass, D. eas RE ins e. UG, uae ¿de SE of jct. hwys. 277 and 693, T. Daniel 1 Ja (CA i Normandy

g eek, D. Correll et al. 28218 (LL, US). M Royal Ranch, 19 mi

SE of Menard, F. ld 5718 (SN McMullen Co.: 2 mi N of F TER E Gongora et al. 8524 (SMU). Mills Cui 8.5 mi SW of

Goldthwaite on Hwy. 16, \ 58205 (SMU) ca. 1.1 mi N of Colorado River, J. Taylor & C. Taylor 33703 (BRIT).

Nueces Co.: 9 mi NW of Corpus a V fines 20586. (GH); epa Side A. Heller Mes. (US); eed Christi, E. Virden s.n. (Sept 1 1860)

(MO). Palopinto Co.: Strawn, E. Palmer 14252 (MO). P. R. Ferris & C. Duncan 2885 (CAS, DS,

MO); Mesquite Valley and Pearse vto B. > jus 856 ques ee se me (MO, ae 2 mi SE of Longfellow Rie (40 mi E of

Marathon), 30°09'N, 102°37'W, G. Webster & B. W Park, W side of The Solitario, Cá:

29°27'N, 103°51'W, T. Bead & M. Ad ie bined CM. ie State e Natural Area, Pekillos Arroyo on SW side of Chinati Mts.

29°51.5'N, 104°29'W, E. Lott & S. Rankin 4958 (CA Co., 31°18'N, 1014630.

B. Turner 20-157 (LL). Refugio Co.: Austwell, B. pios s.n. (TEX). San Patricio Co: T mi S of “tals, E F Jones 39 ph m: San Wo

Chappel, B. Barnette 248 (SMU); San Saba, E. Palmer 11833 (MO, TEX). S C JSH Lundell &

9898 (MICH, NU pu nas me — T (Ex 3miN "m Roma, L. Shinners 17713 (SMU). Saa Co dro ik , A. Ruth Pe (US);

13.5 mi NNW Sterlin lge of Concho River, coa J. Crutchfield 1842 (LL.

NY). Sutton Co.: Hwy. 277, 1L 8 mi S jct. Hwy. 277 and Hwy. 290i in Sonora, T. Daniel 200 (C ar Creek, N of Hwy. 20

on N side of Abilene, W. Mahler 3740 (MO, SMU); near Camp Barkeley, W. Pe 7121 (TEX, vo; at dl palo, m miai 7137

(MICH, MO). Terrell Co.: 4 mi E of Sanderson, C. Hitchcock & L. ee — C); Sanderson

14 mi E of Sanderson on Hwy. 90, E. Whitehouse 18615 (SMU). T Fork of the B Ri a. 11 km W and oa

of Throckmorton, John nit Ranch, J. Cornelius 1072 ORD Tom E Co.: sas Angelo, J. icio: s.n. (5-20-1907) (MO):

Knickerbocker Ranch, Dove Creek, F. Tweedy 280 (US). Travi F. Barkley s.n. (TEX, UC); Mount Bonnell, vicin-

ity of Austin, L. pend loge SU Austin, B. diti n. bes aipa "el along ti 67 just before it enters Reagan Co., 3118'N, 101:47W

+ Turner 20-141 ( ld , NW of Uvalde, B. Enter 5374 (CAS, se W of Uvalde, M

Ferguson & A. Ottley 4367 (UC); Sabinal, E. Palmer 10113 (DS, MO, US); Neal's Camp on Frio ,ca. 60 km N » on m 127 neat

Cancon, 29°30'N, 99°43'W, A. Reina & T. Van Devender 2003-816 (CAS); ca. 5 mi E of Uvalde. S. Sol B. Tharp

s:n. (CAS). Val Verde Co.: Hwy. 163, 5.9 mi N jet. Hwy. 163 and Hwy. 189 (east branch), T. Daniel 123 (CAS); Del Rio, M. Jones 26213 30S MO

["26218”], US); along Devil's River at Fawcett Lodge, 20-30 mi upriver, B. Warnock 11291 (LL, SMU): Tres Niños Ramcj. ca. 9 m mi NW «

Pandale, 30*15.5'N, 101°41'W, G. Webster et al. 33037 (DAV). Webb Co.: Pan American Courts Motel lawn, W of 1-35, N of Laredo, T. Danid

258 (CAS); Bruni, R. Lopez 100 (SMU); near Laredo, K. Marhaen (MOX Lied C. Orcutt 5703 (MO). ales Gee between Raymondville

- Red Fish Bay, E. Clover 1266 (MICH, NY); Sauz Ranch Davis & M.] 2664 (TEX). Wilson C0-

Ps an Vai ege Vr ioni m MO, US), 9299 ae MO, US). Tapata Co: Arroyo Veleno on Hwy. 16, 8.2 mi NE of jet. Hwy: 16and

County undetermined: Reficillos, V. Harvard s.n. (US);

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 615

Justicia warnockii B.L. Turner, Field & Lab. 19:100. 1951. (Figs. 4D; 5J—L). Tyre: U.S.A. Texas: Brewster Co.: slope

one-third way up Old Blue, Glass Mountains, 5000 ft, 2 Jun 1941, B. Warnock W325 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!: ISOTYPES: DS!, F!, GH!, LA!,

1, NCU!, NY!, PH!, POM!, S!, SRSC!, UC!)

Erect, basally branched, b like to glob ff perennial herbs to 4 dm tall. Younger stems green,

striate, pubescent in 2 vertical decussate lines (or with pubescence + diffuse or very inconspicuous) with re-

curved eglandular trichomes 0.05—0.2 mm long (strigillose). Leaves sessile, strongly ascendant, (acicular to)

linear to narrowly oblanceolate (to obspatulate near base of plant), 2.5-25 mm long, 0.4-1.3(-2) mm wide,

6-18x longer than wide, acute at apex, narrowed to base, surfaces glabrous, margin flat to somewhat revolute,

glabrous. Inflorescence of dichasia in leaf axils or in axils of reduced leaves or bracts along distal portion of

stem forming a spicate axis to 8 cm long; dichasia alternate, sessile, 1-flowered. Bracteoles linear-subulate to

filiform, 1.5-4.5 mm long, 0.2-0.4 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers sessile to subsessile (i.e., with pedicels to 0.3

mm long), Calyx deeply 4-lobed, 1.5-4 mm long, lobes subulate, 1-3.5 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, abaxially

glabrous. Corolla whitish or lavender with purplist kings in throat, 7-13.5 mm long, externally

pubescent with erect to retr glandular trick 0.05—0.2 mm long, tube 4.5—6 mm long, distally gradu-

ally expanded to mouth, upper lip + erect, 4—6.5 mm long, emarginate to 2-lobed, lower lip 5-7 mm long, lobes

hot strongly revolute, 2-4 mm long, 1.2-3 mm wide, central lobe larger than lateral lobes. Stamens 3.5 mm

long, filaments glabrous, thecae maroon, 0.5—0.8 mm long, parallel to subparallel, subequal in size (lower

slightly longer), unequally inserted (overlapping by 0.5 mm), glabrous, lower theca with a basal spur 0.1-0.2

mm long; pollen 4-aperturate (4-pororate, lacking insulae and pseudocolpi), exine reticulate. Style 5-7 mm

long, glabrous; stigma + capitate, 0.2 mm long. Capsules stipitate, 5.5-8 mm long, glabrous (rarely minutely

and inconspicuously pubescent at apex with eglandular trichomes to 0.05 mm long), stipe 2-3.2 mm long,

head ellipsoid, lacking a medial constriction, 3.5-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide. Seeds 4 per capsule, discoid,

225mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm wide, surfaces minutely granulate, glabrous (or glandular), margin differentiated

remainder of seed surface (i.e., distinct peripheral band present), fringed with glandular trichomes up to

Phenology —Flowering: April (cleistogamous only), June-September; fruiting: May-December.

Distribution and habitats.—Southwestern United States (Texas) and north-central Mexico (Chihuahua,

Coahuila) Texas plants Occur on li Ps s EN ] I te-juni

E" 4

pa hat elevations from 545 to 1400 meters. In Texas the species is limited to the Stockton Plateau and the

inand Ran : pu : t :

a arid west f the state (Fig. 1).

Pa Justicia warnockii is endemic to the northern Chihuahuan Desert region, and it appears to be related to

En other species endemic to this region (see under J. wrightii below). Plants typically have numerous,

thin, and Wispy stems that give them a broom- or brushlike appearance. Daniel & Butterwick 8431, col-

ted in Apri . . i

iwa ex April, contains old stems with persisting fruits from the previous season and new growth bearing a

Mop. i

mous flowers 1.5-2.5 mm l l later in the season.

E: e» a PE

Pim Texas specimen insi ne oe ee © of Bulli Bulli Ranch, M. Butterwick & E. Lott

TEX 3 - ^ i 4 c \ d A 4T ja

Correll 31 ) Black Gap Wildlife Refuge, lower Maravillas Canyon, D. Correll & H 1130661 (CAS, LI anyon, D

965 (LL): Reaga 461097 (MO, RSA, S, TEX, UC, US); Packsaddle

gan Canyon, 3 mi from Rio Grande, L. Hinckley & B. Warnock

ae 65 mi S of Alpine, G. McKenzie 307 (SMU) RU 1422 Eme Canvon ca. 15 mi SSE ob Marathon, €.

13 E Y o [2] : :

Rio Gr zu SMU), 11612 (UNM); head of Brushy Canyon just below E side of Sue Peak, 29°25'N, 102°56'W, B. Turner 22-149 (TEX); W

ande Village, Big Bend Natl. Park, T. Van Devender & V. Coh (CAS); Black Gap Wildlife Refuge, Maravillas Canyon, 8.6 mi from

Tamer c, "dg Devender & L. Toolin s.n. (CAS); Shackleford Ranch, head of Brushy per E a in in — siti RU B.

Mts., B W 23-278 (CAS); sl P Blue, Glass Mountains, B. ock 325 (GH a " equat

Weine We 9039 (LL, SMU); near McKinney Springs, Dead Horse Mts., Big Bend Natl. Park, B Warnock 10786 ( a : i

Ms os ig file of Chisos Mts., Big Bend Natl. Park, B. Warnock 13007 (LL); Black Gap Refuge, upp Big Brushy esce of Dea wy

Phuff of Pecos p; Pine, B. Warnock & L. Hinckley BG-137 (LL, SMU); Reagan Canyon, B. Warnock & L. Hinckley 3742 (NY, US). :

f Qui gg above its jet. with Ind pend Creek. G. Webster 492 (MICH, TEX). Hudspeth Co.: below and E of Deer — south

$ nm eae Powell et al. 290] (LL); Mayfield Canyon, S of Quitman Mts., near Rio Grande, A. Powell et al. cars (LL); EO apt

My ee B. Warnock et al. 18061 (SRSC). Pecos Co.: main canyon on NE side of Sierra Madre, ca. 25 mi S of Fort Stockton, R.

(DS, DUKE, ENCB, LL, MICH, MO, NY, PH, SRSC, UC, US); mesa margins, B. Tharp 43-854 (MO, NY, PH, TEX, UC, US).

War

Presi Big Bend Ranch State Park, W side of es pee ca. 1.5 km NW of Solitario Peak, ca. 29°28'N, 103°51'W, T. Daniel & M.

ran 8431 (CAS); 0.25 mi N of Solitario Peak, 29°28'N, 103°50'W, M. Johnston 3430 (NY, US). Terrell Co.: along Rio Grande between

Reagan Canyon and Sanderson Canyon, B. Warnock 15855 E SRSC).

Justicia wrightii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2:329. 1878. (Fig. 6G—D. Ecbolium wrightii (A. Gray) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.

2:981. 1891. TYPE: U.S.A. TEXAS: western Texas to E Paso, New Mexico, ota 1849 (fide label); Val Verde Co.: calcareous hills

of San Felipe, 7 Jul 1849 (fide field notes), C. Wright 445 H!, US!

Erect rad Herbs to 2 = bus id a stout Nono caudex. Younger stems subquadrate to ridge-angled,

, + evenly and sparsely to very sparsely pubes-

O O O

1 1 fs ý ) egl 1.1

cent wi glandular tri 0.05—0.2 mm long. Leaves sessile

to subsessile, petioles (if eae E 1 mm long), "Hate linear to AS to ssp to PRESS: bh: mm

long, dn mm ar 2.2-8. y x longer! es "os, tel

Pw E £x 1 . 3

lema flat. inflorescence of dichasia in axils "1 leaves; dichasia alternate, 1-flowered, 1 per axil, sessile.

Bracteoles RAR to pud to rp acm d x 11 mm long, 0.5-2 mm wide, pubescent with mostly

5-0.2 mm long. Flowers sessile. Calyx 4-lobed, 2.3-5

mm long, lobes calcite, equal, 24 * mm long, 0.4—0.6 mm wide, pubescent like bracteoles or with the tri-

pressed. Corolla *purplish" (in dried state: light colored and tinged

with maroon i with maroon pacha on lower lip), E is mm ies externally pubescent with erect to

flexuose eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.2 mm long, tube d distally, 33.5 mm long, 1.6 mmin

diameter near midpoint, upper lip 4-6.5 mm long, RADO 2- lobed, Jes 0.3-0. 7i mm long, joner li 4-6 mm

long, lobes 3-4 mm long, 1.53.5 mm wide, central lobes larger than lateral lobes. S d in distal

half of corolla tube, 2.5-5 mm long, filaments glabrous, thecae 0.5-1.3 mm long (including basal appendage),

unequal (upper theca 0.5-0.9 mm long and lower theca bj 8- E 2 mm SN, ee to o subperpendiciis

unequally inserted (overlapping by 0.3 mm), upper theca dorsally pubescent trichomes, lower

theca glabrous, with a basal spurlike appendage 0.1-0.3 mm laa pollen 4- tede (4- eid lacking

insulae and pseudocolpi), exine reticulate. Style 4.5-6 mm long, glabrous or pubescent with eglandular tri-

chomes proximally, stigma 0.2-0.3 mm long, minutely 2-lobed. Capsule 7-8.5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely

pubescent at apex with eglandular trichomes 0.1 mm long, stipe 1.5-2 mm long, head ellipsoid, 5.5-6.5 mm

long. Seeds 4, discoid, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 2.5-3.6 mm wide, surfaces smooth to reticulate, pubescent with api-

cally barbed nce hampered + restricted to margin) 0.05-0.2 mm long, marginal region undifferenti-

ated ta

ity) from remainder of seed.

Phenology.—Flowering: Ki agb fruiting: April-July.

Distribution and habitats. OPE to the southwestern prue hus di Mexico and Texas); Texas

plants occur on rocky 1 ry PO E ee T a ‘ bland at elevations from

300 to 1455 Basin and Range and Stockton Plat ions (i.e., in and adjacent to the easte™

oe ie the Ente peus Fig. We

h .

regions of Mexico, it J ted only fr m north

of the Rio Grande where it is a rare species kas on both low numbers of individuals and a limited distribu-

tion. Based on the fewer than twenty known global occurrences of Justicia wrightii, it has a global rank ofG2

and a state rank (for Texas) of S2 (based on the Nature Conservancy ranking system; cf. Poole et al. 2007).

These rankings denote that the species is imperiled both globally and in Texas because of rarity and is VT

vulnerable to extinction throughout its range or extirpation from Texas. Poole et al. (2007) reported possible

occurrences in Brewster and Terrell counties, but no specimens of the species from those counties have been

located. A specimen from Castolon in Brewster coy RN & Cory s.n. at TAES) e was us DUE as].

wrightii and recorded as such by the Texas N wright

linearifolia (Torr.) A. Gray. The most recent collection of J. wrightii dos eke was made in pa in Pecos

County.

Based on morphological similarities the closest relatives of Justicia wrightii are the Chihuahuan Desett

Daniel, Justicia in Texas 617

endemics J. henricksonii T.F. Daniel and J. warnockii (Daniel 1980). Although plen of A henricksonii has not

mad pie gE both J. wrightii and J. warno kii differs from other speci the Chihuahuan

by having four (vs. two or three; cf. figs. 2 and 3) tares: Four-aperturate pollen

is known among other Tiik of Justicia elsewhere in Mexico (Daniel 1998). The description above includes

data from plants collected in New Mexico.

Additional Texas specimens examined: Pecos Co.: ca. 19 mi E of Ft. Stockton along IH-10, just W of roadside park, B. Turner & G. Turner

96-95 (TEX); 40-45 mi SE of Ft. Stockton toward Sanderson, B. Warnock 13438 (LL); hwy. to McCamey, 20 mi N of Ft. Stockton, B. Warnock

46181 (TEX); 22 mi S of Ft. Stockton, B. Warnock & R. McVaugh 8707 (LL, SMU, SRSC). Val Verde Co.: Del Rio, M. Jones 26216 (POM); be-

tween Del Rio and Loma Alto, B. Warnock 11204 (LL, SMU); ca. 3 mi W of Del Rio, B. Warnock 11319 (LL, SMU).

APPENDIX 1

Species of Justicia cultivated out-of-doors in Texas

Collectianc fr. ' 1 Pan j £A in T. " 1 4 fiarei ix speci f Justicia li 1 bel These species

M ic nrowvir. x APT Y i 1 bas x Rd. š ^ dd a & "H rr de : £L : Ga 1 " L

include: J, lifornica (Benth.) ON Gibson, J. di (N ) L.D. Benson, J. extensa T. Anders J. gendarusa

Burm.f, and J, C a W. Graham.

1. Justicia pode E (Malabar nut, basaka, poua

Shrubs to pedunculate, del t il t llip i llipti 14-25 mm

BE SES i ES ED

9; corolla wh ki l lip, 25-30 mm long; anthers green. Native to Asia.

Cameron Co.: R, Runyon 5440 (TEX).

a brandegeana Wassh & L B. Sm. (shrimp plant). P ial herbs to shrubs to 1 m (or more) tall, branches weak or drooping;

cenc y 1 T ee Y T apex not spread-

ing, rounded + Sd t BA Es ld m M ERA ddist |

within. Native to Mexico. Selections and/or hybrids (eg. homi: and involving this species I Ited i f i

variously colored bracts and corollas, and with erect inflore s.

dalgo Co.: C. undell & A. Lundell 12776 (GH, LL, MICH, US). Galveston Co.: F. Waller & J. Baum! 3526 (TEX). Harris Co.: A. Traverse 1395

U iso E Wiedenhoff 21 (TEX).

na irei Lind. (Brazilian plume)

£ : 1 dence h Alik l H ct | i g y

alii) 71 RESUME " I his N Cial A All Gf th I { tth

time, resulting in a is At RAS : ad QS LA 1€

Berar Co: H, Parks s:n. (GH). Harris Co.: A. Traverse 2408 (BRIT).

ticia fulvicoma hg) & Cham. — plume, orange nep plant)

to ellipri 1 m (or more) tall, b k tinged, lanceolate to ovate

with Ptic, apex cn. es L L 1 1 1 i; na cok ; H g A I

Reddish markings within. Native to Mexico.

Bexar

Co.:7. Daniel 6295 (CAS). Sutton Co.: V. Cory s.n. (GH). Kleberg Co.: E. McClane s.n. (GH).

5. Justicia leona A

rdii IWassh, (orange justicia, fer sun Justicia)

tol m tall: « 11 = a £ t EEE I T Spass NUS hin wie ES

‘agg soke sss dubiis md

Ughout; corolla orange, subfusiform i in ibo 26-43 mm long, e g I yp

inconspicuous gla ndular A " f. | distal portion of lips) with

us, and eglandular trichomes to 0.1 mm long or Laco t g tor only ius a kee

li Mexico. Tt ies is very similar to, and i

confused w; oh reden onines ne, lower lip F ry

Bexar

Co: TH P "ks s.n. id pm Co.: M. Nee 25402 (F). Nueces Co.: A. Traverse 1779 (BRIT). San Patricio Co.: F. Jones 587 (SMU). Webb

Shinners 32366 (SM

6 Justicia

Shrubs to md Schltdl. (muicle, Mexican honneysuckle) a a A SESS

Presi g i 9 nt wit omes

e teo mejor ven nin aorange, icici bud, 30 55 long, y sparsely consi usly pube: near

etico for or. ith glandular trichomes to 0.1 mm lon ng, edge glabrous, lip g

uelim medicinal purposes, and for use ye.

Co: R. Runyon 1065 (TEX). Harris Co.: A. Traverse 1997 (BRIT). Hidalgo Co.: R. Fleetwood 8005 (TEX).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

142 QM. SENT Dj di s | T. £f 1 ) 594

C. Anderson, W. Anderson, T. Atkinson,

R. Felger, K. Gandhi J. Henrickson, C. Kiel, E. Lott, R. Morey, G. ices J. Poole, D. Riskind, S. Serata, B.

Turner, T. Van Devender, J. Verrier, T. Wendt, and A. Whittemore. Julia Weller composed the illustrations dur-

ing an internship at the California Academy of Sciences. I am most grateful for loans and other courtesies ex-

tended by the following herbaria: ARIZ, ASU, BRIT, CAS, DAV, DS, DUKE, ENCB, F, GH, LA, LL, MICH, MO,

NCU, NY, P, PH, POM, S, SMU, SRSC, TAES, TAMU, TEX, UC, US, VSC, and WIS.

REFERENCES

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lia /pwd mp. e0100 1070al 24.pdf, accessed 20 Dec 2010].

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37:72-76

CHAPMAN, A.W. 1860. Flora of th thern United States. Ivison, Phinney, and Co., "eee

CORRELL, D.S. AND M.C. JOHNSTON. 1970. Manual ofthe vascular plants OTEA. dation, Renner, Texas.

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DANIEL, T.F. 1984. Th th f th hwestern United States. Desert PI. 5:162

DANIEL, T.F. 1998. Pollen morphology of Mexican Acanthaceae: diversity and anit significance. Proc. California

Acad. Sci. 50:217-256.

DANIEL, T.F. 2000. Additional ch E f American Acanthaceae. Syst. Bot. 25:15-25.

DANIEL, T.F. 2004. Acanth fS t y and phytogeography Pros: po Acad. Sci. 55:690-805.

DANIEL, T.F., T.I. CHUANG, AND M.A. BAKER. 1990. Ch b FA nthaceae. Syst. Bot. 15:13-25.

DIGGS, G.M., B.L. LIPSCOMB, AND R.J. O'KENNON. 1999. Shinners & Mahler's ill j fl f north central Texas. Botanical

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GRAHAM V.A.W. 1 ifi fJ ia (A I ). Kew Bulletin. 43:551-624.

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219-235.

HILSENBECK, R.A. 1983. IOPB chromosome number reports LXXX, Acanthaceae. Taxon 32:505-506.

Lewis, W.H., H.L. STRIPLING, AND R.G. Ross. 1962. Chromosome numbers for angiosperms of the southern United States

and Mexico. Rhod 64:147-161

MCNEILL, J., F.R. BARRIE, H.M. BURDET, V. DEMOULIN, dos deine y o: ds bé ciat qd Pd a ae

SKOG, J.H. WIERSEMA, AND N.J. TURLAND (EDS.). 2 ). ARG

Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.

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University of South Florida, Tampa.

PENFOUND, W.T. 1940. The biology of Diantt j L. Amer. Midland N list 24:242-247.

POOLE, J.M., W.R. CARR, D.M. PRICE, AND J.R. SINGHURST. 2007. Rare plants of Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College

Station

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SÁNCHEZ S., O. 1 | Valle de M ,ed.5.E Mexico, D.F

SMALL, J.K. 1930. Justicia Runyonii. Addisonia 15:29-30 + t. 495.

SMITH, E.B. 1966. IOPB chromosome number reports VII, Justicia americana. Taxon 15:162.

STAFLEU, F.A. AND R.S. COWAN. 1976. Taxonomic literature, vol. 1, ed. 2. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. Utrecht, The

Netherlands.

TURNER, B.L., H. NICHOLS, G. DENNY, AND O, DORON. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas, vol. 1. Botanical Research

Institute of Texas, Fort Wort

WASSHAUSEN, D.C. 1966. Atina co. Pp. 223-282 in C.L. Lundell (ed.), Flora of Texas, vol. 1, pt. 3. Texas Research

Foundation, Renner.

WASSHAUSEN, D.C. 1998. Acanth f th | United S

WUNDERLIN, R.P. AND B.F. HANSEN. 2003 Guide to th | |

Castanea 63:99-1 16.

y Press of Florida, Gainesville.

Eci :

NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES FOR SOME TAXA IN THE OREGON FLORA

Kenton L. Chambers and Stephen C. Meyers

Department of Botany & Plant Pathology

Oregon State University

Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902, U.S.A.

chamberk@science.oregonstate.edu

ABSTRACT

Pe 1 3 x 3 1 : 3 1 : 1 E A 1 1 1 } ¡

eo r r = E r o r L3

of generic treatments for the Oregon Flora Project. The affected gener: Crepis-Askellia (A ), Trillium (Melanthiaceae), Silene

(Caryophyllaceae), and Limnanthes (Limnanthaceae).

RESUMEN

Se proponen ci bi l 1 ivel d pecie y de subspecie, basad p ómi doptados d l

Drenaracián de 1 1D Jo Fl 4 TEM f, ] C ), Tril-

prep genéricos p

lium (Melanthiaceae), Silene (Carvophvllaceae) v Li hes (Li I )

ASKELLIA VS. CREPIS

Askellia was assigned by Weber (1984) to the 8 p } gnized prising section Ixeridopsis Babc. of

the large genus Crepis (Babcock 1947, p. 212). He noted, in particular, that the chromosome base number of

this section, x = 7, was unique in Crepis. However, his proposed new genus is not used as a segregate of Crepis

inrecent North American floras (Welsh et al. 1987; Douglas et al. 1988; Bogler 2006). In deciding to recognize

Askellia as a separate genus, we are following the recommendation of Enke and Gemeinholzer (2008), who

performed a phylogenetic cladistic study of a large representative sample of Crepis taxa (77 species) with data

fom nrlTS and matK sequences. Their results placed C. nana and C. flexuosa, from section Ixeridopsis, as a

sister clade to the combined clades of (1) Crepis proper (monophyletic), (2) species assignable to the segregate

genus Lagoseris, and (3) the genera RI gadiol 1 Lapsana. A ling to these authors (p. 761), *... following

the molecular, karyological, and phological evid , itis necessary to reassign the seven species of Crepis

sect. Ixeridopsis to Askellia, a genus which was defined by Weber (1984) based on the unique number of chro-

mosomes.” Thei lusi 11 hyl i ly of numerous Asian Lactuceae

Broera (Zhang etal. 2011), using DNA data hom nrITS, vlistid imL-F and psbA-trnH loci.

€ most widespread Ameri pecies of section Ixeridopsis is Crepis nana Richardson, comprising ssp.

"ana and ssp. ramosa Babc. Weber assigned the name Askellia nana (Richardson) W. A. Weber to the species

made a new combination in it for ssp. ramosa. However, in the synonymy for C. nana given in Babcock’s

monograph (1947, p. 541), the first mentioned name is Prenanthes pygmaea Ledeb. (Ledebour 1815). Although

epithet “pygmaea” is not available in Crepis, due to the earlier Crepis pygmaea L., it has priority and should

replace the epithet “nana,” dated 1823. We therefore propose the following new combinations, for use by au-

who wish to Tecognize Askellia as a separate genus.

(Ledeb.) K.L. Chambers & S.C. Meyers, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Prenanthes pygmaea Ledeb., Mem.

Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg Hist. Acad. V, ser. 5:553. 1815. TYPE: 18. Hieracium, var. Il, foliis radicalibus ovatis, dentatis, tab. 7, fig.

3 (Gmelin 1752. y. 20), LEcrorvrE by C.F. Ledebour (1846, p. 838, sub Youngia pygmaea á. nana, with the figure specified as the

. quoad icon.”). TYPE LOCALITY: SIBERIA: probably ca. 92° E. Lat., 55° N. Long.

nisy River.

“ultra fluvium Janiseam," i.e. above the

lia Pygmaea (Ledeb.) K.L. Chambers & S.C. Meyers ssp. ramosa (Babc.) K.L. Chambers & S.C. Meyers,

ue NOV. BASIONYM: Crepis nana Richardson ssp. ramosa Babc., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22:542—544. 1947. TYPE: U.S.A.

ASHINGTON, Jefferson Co.: above Lake Constance, 11 Aug 1931, JW. Thompson 7943 (HOLOTYPE: UC 470750).

| Bot,

Me. Inst, Texas ce 619-623. 2011

620 n |a PI D AMET M] Él ++ £T. PI

It is safe to apply the epithet “pygmaea” to the taxon Crepis nana ssp. nana, since Ledebour described the plant

with such phrases as “(Dota plantam. ... in formam hemisphaerii crescit. ... Caulis brevissimus (sic!). ... fo-

liis numerosissimis.” This description is borne out by the lectotype figure in Gmelin (1752). Babcock synony-

mized Prenanthes pygmaea with ssp. nana on the above cited page of his monograph. Ledebour (1846, p. 838)

made the combination Youngia pygmaea (Ledeb.) Ledeb. á. nana (Richardson) Ledeb., citing Prenanthes pyg-

maea Ledeb. as synonymous with this variety. In his 1815 description of P. pygmaea, Ledebour had made a

syntype of 2 polynomial varieties of Gmelin's (1752) *18. Hieracium" species. Just 1 of these was given as the

type (effectively a lectotype) in his 1846 publication. It was suggested by Babcock (1947, p. 544) that a second

variety described by Ledebour (op. cit.), given as Youngia pygmaea p. flaccida (Ledeb.) Ledeb. and based on the

other of Gmelin's 2 *18. Hieracium" varieties, might represent a minor variant of C. nana ssp. ramosa.

Fortunately, such varietal epithets do not interfere with the priority of names at the subspecific level.

TRILLIUM

Trillium parviflorum Soukup (Soukup 1980) has attracted considerable attention from northwest American

botanists interested in this genus. The name applies to the northern segment of Trillium albidum Freeman

(Freeman 1975) found in southwestern Washington and the northern Willamette Valley, Oregon. It was main-

tained as a separate species by Case (2002). However, the results of a study » Hitos ol are best inter-

preted by making T. parviflorum a subspecies of T. albidum. A clinal relati logy was shown to

exist between the former entity (whose type locality is Ft. Lewis, Pierce Übimiy: Washingt and the latter

(type locality near Selma, Josephine County, Oregon), with populations in the Willamette Valley, from Polk

and Marion counties to at least as far south as Sutherlin, Douglas County, exhibiting a mixture of vegetative

and floral traits of the 2 nominal extremes. This cline of variation in western Oregon was also described in

detail by Dusek (1980), who informally proposed, but did not validly publish, a hybrid name for the intermedi-

ate plants.

It is appropriate to recognize this pattern of north-to-south intergradation between the 2 taxa with the

following proposed new combination:

Tem albidum Freeman ssp. parviflorum (Soukup) K.L. Chambers & S. E Pekin comb. nov. BASIONYM:

i | p, Brittonia 32:330. 1980. TYPE: U.S.A. WASHINGTON. Pierce Co.: I tion M

1979, Sod Dusek & (HOLOTYPE: CINC).

SILENE

— PEE TW. Nelson & J.P. Nelson (2004) was described as a red-flowered taxon distinct from $.

1 (S. laciniata Cav. ssp. californica [D 1] J. K. Morton). It was said to be endemic to serpen-

tines of the Smith River drainage in Del Norte County, California, and adjacent Oregon. By chance, this silene

e T Wo delat in mE red and genetic researches of A. R. Kruckeberg (1960, p through à

ith River, under the name S. californica, and s hexaploid

with 2n = 72 ieri 3919, WTU). Kruckeberg (1961) noted the similarity of these red- ais plants to

S. hookeri Nutt., whose flower color is described by Hitchcock and Maguire (1947, p. 44) as “white to pink, ce-

rise, violet, or nearly purple.” The chromosome number of S. hookeri is consistently hexaploid, 2n = n

(Kruckeberg 1960), unlike S. californica, in which the number 2n - 48 (tetraploid) was counted in 5 accessions

and 2n = 96 (octoploid) in 1 accession (Kruckeberg 1954, 1960).

In an interspecific crossing program (Kruckeberg 1961), 2 hybrids were ij ispum — bexapi

hookeri and the red-flowered Gasquet hexaploids. The first of th i

ond 65%. In the pollen tetrads he examined, the ratios of normal tetrads to those with micronuclei or micro"

cytes were 142:9 and 98:9, respectively. In the meiotic cells studied, metaphase II and telophase II, the only

"e seen, were PTER TORE AR: 1961, P. 324). These results are equivalent to, or better than,

UMS W

lin table 4 da Krückeberg s pee.

As treated in Fick of North antics (Morton 2005, p. 206), S tiated from

hook

eri and S. laciniata ssp. californica by “its erect, more or less solitar y fl i d large clearly V

fL di AM y ,N lat Im in than fi 621

ible petaloid appendages in the flowers.” In the year 2000, K.L. Chambers, in company with Henrietta

Chambers, Susan Kephart, Veva Stansell, and Charlene Simpson, collected vouchers of S. serpentinicola at 5

p A h A i 5 ps 3

sitesin northwestern Del Norte County (see Appendix). These show p p :

spreading, often branched rhizomes (called “stem bases" by Hitchcock & Maguire 1947) as in S. hookeri, the

erect, above-ground, mostly unbranched stems (varying from 7-24 cm in our samples) being well within the

size range of S. hookeri (2-25 cm per Hitchcock & Maguire, op. cit.). The petal blade dissection is the same as

described for S. hookeri, with 2 larger medial lobes and 2 smaller lateral ones, but sometimes with an extrane-

ous, smaller petal inserted at the base of the blade where the usual corolla appendages are found. This is

merely an occasional feature, not a regular one as implied by Morton, above. Nelson and Nelson (2004) confus-

ingly described the petals as *more or less equally two-lobed, each lobe with a lateral tooth." The calyces and

distal stems in our plants are densely glandular-pubescent, a characteristic also found in S. hookeri ssp. pul-

verulenta (M. Peck) C. L. Hitchc. & Maguire. From our study of hological variation in th led

E e

lations. pl

ytolog g f Kruckeberg (1960, 1961) we see no reason to keep S. serpen-

tinicola as a species separate from S. hookeri, despite the supposed differences inferred by Nelson and Nelson

(2004) in their initial description of the taxon.

A species of Silene with “deep scarlet” flowers, was reported from “the southwest corner of Oregon” by

Howell (1897) under the name S. californica. His herbarium voucher (ORE 30680), representing S. serpentini-

cola, is labeled “OREGON. Coast Mountains, fortieth parallel. Thomas Howell. June 8th. 1884.” This must be

? typographical error for 42nd parallel, the southern boundary of the state. A likely locality would be on ser-

pentines along the old stagecoach route to the southern Oregon gold fields, between Gasquet and present-day

OBrien, Josephine County. There are no reports of recent collections of the taxon in Oregon.

We propose that the evident cytological, genetic, and phological similarities, other than corolla color,

between Silene serpentinicola and S. hookeri are best expressed taxonomically at the subspecific level through

the following new combination:

hookeri Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray ssp. serpentinicola (T.W. Nelson & J.P. Nelson) K.L. Chambers &

S.C. Meyers, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Silene serpentinicola TW. Nelson & J.P. Nelson, Madrono 51:384. 2004. TyPE: U.S.A.

CALIFORNIA. Del Norte Co.: TI8N, RIE, Sec. 34, elev, 589 m, Low Divide road 8.85 mi N of junction with North Bank road, serpen-

tine road cut, 20 Jun 2002, T.W. Nelson & S. Carothers 9175 (HOLOTYPE: HSC).

LIMNANTHES

E floccosa Howell (1897) is considered by taxonomists and authors of contemporary floras (Arroyo

3; Ornduff 1993; Kozloff 2005; Morin 2010), to contain 5 subspecies: L. f. ssp. bellingeriana (M. Peck) C.T.

un L. f. ssp. californica Arroyo, L. f. ssp. floccosa, L. f. ssp. grandiflora Arroyo and L. f. ssp. pumila (Howell)

Oyo,

A recent study, using data obtained from mi lli l ed the amount of gene exchange

Sccurrin:

fix 8 between selected sympatric populations (Meyers 2010). A total of 240 individuals, 120 of L. f. ssp.

RPA e 120 of L. f. ssp. grandiflora, were collected from 3 vernal pools (40 each pool) and surveyed. The

^ p that little or no gene exchange was occurring between wild populations of these subéperies.

E ly, 40 individuals of L. f. ssp. floccosa and 40 of L. f. ssp. grandiflora were — by hand, in boh

mS, in a greenhouse. Only 6% of the hybrid seeds obtained successfully germinated. Of the surviving

minant, most were d i holoev and died within 1 to 3 weeks of emergence. The plants that

Teached Maturity showed hy br id vigor but were sterile and produced d

Tou the tenets of all biological species concepts, complete or nearly complete reproductive isolation

cur between d t i be conferred (Coyne & Orr 2004). The high levels of

t : Y

"V taAa lil OICICT

h pre- P

Meet a zn Post-zygotic reproductive isolation existing between L. f. ssp. floccosa and L. f. ssp. gr a

L 55 Criterion. We therefore conclude that, according to this species concept, L. floccosa ssp. floccosa an

-J'occosq :

SSP. grandiflora are parts of 2 distinct species.

The question of th $a ko

bspecies of L. floccosa can also be addressed, based on

y CIHICIILOI

622 1 Late D : ALD ht 2 £T pum

a — pl ylogeneti lysis included in "M Meyers EM dione adi e oe genomes and

1:41 1 1

floc COS.

The first clade comprises ms sister taxa L fi sp grandiflora and L. f. ssp. pumila. The other contains the remain-

ing se

A o J J

g ly gnized phylogenetic speci pts (Baum & Donoghue 1995), the subspecies of

the L. fl l ld! lassified by a number of schemes. These range from elevating all subspecies

to species status, to e all taxa at — ana subspecifi sta status ee L sien vendes ee the

Lel

netic aahi. we propose a conservative yet evolutionarily ELE new arrangement of the L. floccosa

subspecies. This involves the splitting of L. floccosa into 2 species: L. pumila, containing L. p. ssp. pumila and L.

p ssp. POE and L. D made m of L. f. ssp. floccosa, L. f. ssp. bellingeriana and L. f. ssp. californica.

ly described as a distinct species (Howell 1897), hence only 1 new subspecific

Bins is required:

Hsnanthes pumila Howell ssp. porn (Arroyo) S.C. Meyers & K.L. Chambers, comb. nov. BAsionyw:

tonia 25:188. 1973. TYPE: U.S.A. OREGON. Jackson Co.: Modoc Road, 0.8 mi S of jct

with Hwy. 234, 23 pus 1970 MT. Kalin 7030,

APPENDIX

Tha fail : g sp n £ Cil $ PE i y EA: £ n : L L E 1 EM ited atOSC All locations are

i i l y, California

na Old c

t Toll Road from North Fork Road, Gasquet, by a trash disposal area, K. L Chambers 6124, 15 Jun — pat

location, K. L Chambers et al. 6218, 12 Jun 2000, sheets 1 and 2 (packet of 13

south of i "ires 33 ici from junction with Hwy. 199, K.L. Chambers et al. 6219, 12 Jun 2000; 10-mile marker on Road 305 near Low

Divide, T18N, RIE, Sect. 34/35, K.L. Chambers et al. 6221, 13 Jun 2000 (near type locality); Low Divide, Road 308, T18N, RIE, Sect. 35, at

Alteville eae a K. L. Chambers et al. 6222, 13 Jun 2000; Wimer Springs, T18N, R1E, Sect. 14, K.L. Chambers et al. 6224, 13 Jun 2000.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Deborah Carroll, cael HT Oregon Eus ed for valuable assistance ca ie bibliographic

searches on Prenanthes pygmaea. \

EL" P 4

REFERENCES

ARROYO, M. 1973. A mm. study of infraspecific variation in autogamous Limnanthes floccosa (Limnanthaceae).

Brittonia 25:177-19

BABCOCK, E.B. 1947. DW genus Crepis II. Une California bs pos PPL Aa 030.

BAUM, D.A. AND M.J. DONOGHUE. 1995

ts. Syst. Bot. 20:560-573.

BLEDSOE, K.E. 1993. Morphological and cytological variation in Trillium albidum Freeman. M.S. Thesis, Oregon Stat

University, Corvallis, Oregon.

BOGLER, D.J. 2006. Crepis. In: Fl f North America Edit

Press, New York. 19:222-239

| Committee, eds. Flora of North America. Oxford University

Cast, FM, JR. 2002. Trillium. In: ca of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America. Oxford

University Press, New York. 26:90

Coyne, J.A. AND H.A. ORR. 2004. ae Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. Pp. 2

DOUGLAS, G.W., G.B. STRALEY, D. MEIDINGER, AND J. POJAR. 1998. Illustrated flora of British caretas British Columb

Ministry of Forests, Victoria, Canada. Vol. 1. Pg.

DUSEK, E. 1980. Trilliums western Hy! Bull. reas Rock pent oi ar 157- me

ENKE, N. AND B. GEMEINHO 008. B Foe ips rar evolution i —

Crepis L. Cote Chode es ie - |

| Taxon 57:756-768. |

esy J.D. 1975. Revision of Trillium subgenus Phyllantherum (Liliacea

pe J.G. 1752. Flora Sibirica Il. Academia Scientiarum, St. Petersburg,

A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic Index |, 1976, pg. 957).

e). Brittonia 27:1-62. yi

Russia, (imprint date 1749, corrected to 175

Ta AM N. lat lel in the 0 fl 623

HITCHCOCK, C.L. AND B. MAGUIRE. 1947. A revision of the North American species of Silene. Univ. Washington Publ. Biol.

13:1-73.

HOWELL, TJ. 1897. A flora of Northwest America. Portland, Oregon. 1:76, 108.

KozLoFF, E.N. 2005. Limnanthes. Plants of western Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Timber Press, Portland,

Oregon. Pp. 255-256.

KRUCKEBERG, A.R. 1954. Ch bers in Silene (Caryophyllaceae): |. Madrono 12:238-246.

KRUCKEBERG, A.R. 1960. Ch b in Silene (C yo} hy ll ): Il. Madrono 15:205-215.

KRUCKEBERG, A.R. 1961. Artificial f Western North American silenes. Brittonia 13:305-333.

LEDEBOUR, C.F. VON. 1815. Decades sex plantarum novarum in imperio Rossica indigenarum. Memoires de l'Academie

Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg V, ser. 5:514-578.

LEDEBOUR, C.F. VON. og fn nassen ll. Pp, pu pm

Meyers, S.C. 2010. E igati f sympatric speciati ithin Li | Ph.D.

thesis, Oregon State University, on ke Pp. 1-131.

MORIN, N.R. 2010. Limnanthes. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America. Oxford

University Press, New York. 7:173-183.

MORTON, J.K. 2005. Silene. In: Flora of North American Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America. Oxford

University Press, New York. 5:166-214.

NELSON, T.W. AND J.P. NELSON. 2004. A new species of Silene (Caryophy penti f Del Norte County,

California. Madrono 51:384-386.

ORNDUFF, R. 1993. Limnanthes. In: J.C. Hickman, ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. University of

California Press, Berkeley. Pp. 736-738.

SOuKUP, V.G. 1980. A new Trillium (Liliaceae) f thwestern United States. Brittonia 32:330-333.

WEBER, W.A. 1984. New names and combaten principally in the Rocky Mountain flora IV. Phytologia 55:1-11.

WELSH, S.L, N.D. ATWOOD, S. GOODRICH, AND L.C. HIGGINS. 1987. A Utah fora. Pagham Young University, Provo, eh P. 174.

ZHANG, J-W, 7-L, NIE, J. WEN, AND H. SuN. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of three closely relat

e Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), endemik to the Tibetan Plateau, SW China, fin

:15-26

BOOK REVIEW

BRUCE A. SORRIE. 2011. A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region: North Carolina, South

Carolina, and Georgia. 2011 (ISBN 978-0-8078-7186-7, pbk.). A Southern Gateways Guide. The

University of North Carolina Press, 116 South Boundary Street, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3808,

U.S.A. (Orders: 800-848-6224, www.uncpress.unc.edu). $25.00, 378 pp., color figures throughout (540+),

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A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region: North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia is an excep-

tional and unique wildflower guide to a fascinating and biodiverse area in the pig ees United States.

There's standard introductory material, e.g., description of the Sandhills Region, f d style, flowers and

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The natu-

is areas are arranged by habitat, with color tabs for ease of browsing.

The author concludes with a list of suggested sites in the Sandhills Region to visit and enjoy some of the

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With a purchase price of only $25.00, you will definitely get your money’s worth. Enjoy!—Barney Lipscomb,

Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst Texas 5(2):624, 2011

IDENTITY OF CATALPA TIBETICA (BIGNONIACEAE)

J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. R.T. Olsen

USDA, ARS, U.S. National Arboretum USDA, ARS, U.S. National Arboretum

3501 New York Avenue N 3501 New York Avenue NE

Washington DC 20002-1958, U.S.A. Washington DC 20002-1958, U.S.A.

joseph.kirkbride@ars.usda.gov richard.olsen@ars.usda.gov

ABSTRACT

Catal hotira (De : HE ON. PV i: hs h

t 5

f C. bignonioides, a North American species. The genus Catalpa is

2 E e t. A 1: .

Ls 4 14 1^ > : : : i

y p 10 ber of Ct p y synonymy for C. big-

nonioides is presented, including C. tibetica. Th pe and epitype for C. bignonioid indicated

RESUMEN

Catalan fibotica (n; i eat ae 3 354 232572 3.47 eee oe ERT ebay was ME ek T per A ios Mod

s D > Ls

género Cataly Juce de 10 p p ivas de Chi d tro a tres. Se p una sinonimia preliminar

)

para C. bignonioides, incluvendo C. tibetica. Se indi l i iti t a C. bignonioides

hal R 7 t LANE E e y

INTRODUCTION

The genus Catalpa Scop. (Bignoniaceae Juss.) has been treated as composed of 10 species in two well-defined

sections, Catalpa and Macrocatalpa Griseb. (Paclt 1952; Gentry 1992). Catalpa section Catalpa contained six

decid ees with a disjunct distribution between temperate East Asia (four species) and eastern

North America (two species). The two North American species, C. bignonioides Walter (common catalpa or

indian bean) and C. speciosa EY. Teas (hardy catalpa), are frequently cultivated and widely naturalized in ur-

ban areas of the eastern United States (Rehder 1940). Catalpa section Macrocatalpa was composed of four spe-

cies of evergreen or semi-evergreen trees restricted to the Antilles, and with the exception of C. longissima

acq) Dum. Cours., are not in cultivation (Gentry 1992). While the North Ameri peci well known,

the Asian and Antillean species are not. Of the four species of Asian Catalpa currently recognized (C. bungei

EA. Mey, C. fargesii B . C. ovata G. Don, and C. tibetica Forrest) (Zhang & Santisuk 1998), all but C. tibetica

exist in cultivation.

The temperate catalpas are often described as some of the most beautiful of hardy flowering trees, with

showy panicles of white, yellow, or pink flowers, depending on the species (Clarke & Taylor 1980; Dirr 1998).

E et their broad adaptability, both in hardiness and abiotic stress tolerances, provides ample oppor-

ly through systematic breeding to develop novel cultivars for the urban landscape (Olsen et al. 2006a, b).

a al. (20062) amassed a collection of catalpa and catalpa-relatives that was transferred to the v

E Arboretum and forms the foundation for our catalpa research and breeding program. The collection

€n expanded, andn T 4 $ 3 KE K FIM ju ee

eties, po bes t o TE ; o

far Trueness-to-type was questioned by Olsen et al. (2006a) for several accessions of Catalpa bungei and C.

E Bet in the collection and only ah yor lv identified i 1 I ] d in the U.S. and

"tbe During th h for cultivated ies of Catalpa for inclusion in our breeding work, we were unable

o a 11 101

to aA ES t

n ate living plants of C. tibetica, a species collected and described by George Forrest from southeastern

_ “band known only from the type specimens. The locality data provided by Forrest suggested that C. tibet-

. én es 3 $341 1: f.

ica mi i

Might represent catalpa breeding.

ALA ALUL

GEORGE FORREST

Ge ;

oe Forrest was one of the most productive explorers and collectors in western Yunnan, China, and the

astern corner of Tibet in the early 20th Century (Cooper et al. 1935; Cox 1945; Cowan 1952; McLean

Ms. Inst, Teas 5(2): 625 631, 2011

626 1 heer et | D Í E | EME gee PODA £T. 5(2)

e: Over more tian 25 years, froin 1906 to 1931, F ied out diti to China. His collect-

10 ths in duration. H ] han 24,155 plant

cillbctions, and died in China near ayer present day Tengchong, on the 5th of January, 1932 near the end

of what was supposed to be his last expedition.

During his first expedition to Yunnan from 1904 to 1906, Forrest |

and developed an organization for efficient, highly productive collecting in Yunnan dnd Tibet (Cox 1945;

McLean 2004). He trained a cadre of men, mostly of the Nakhi (Naxi) people from U-lu-kay (Snow Mountain

Village) about 15 miles (24 km) north of Lichiang (Lijiang), as collectors, until he had more than 20 trained

men in whom he had full confidence that they could work without his immediate supervision (Cox 1945;

McLean 2004). For a collecting season, he would establish his headquarters in a suitable village or town.

Forrest would collect in the region around his headquarters, and send teams of men to collect in various loca-

tions outside of the headquarters’ region. Sometimes teams would be gone two to three months at a time,

traveling long distances and i exce in GE terrain. This nid of suspen de was very productive be-

i4 111

cause of the extensive, widely sey would be worl In addi-

E31 1 11 d 15.1

tion most, if not all, areas of interest were visited at least two or more times E dicing the flowering and fruiting

seasons to insure that plants of horticultural interest were collected in both flowering and fruiting states, fa-

cilitating their soe EDD: a seed en for propagation. There are several drawbacks to this

system, which lleagues collecting expeditions. When large volumes of

material are piis) and occ STN " different species can be accidently mixed or switched.

Collection data, incl ion, or locality data, can be assigned to the

wrong materials. nep us to gather SE vua the complete life-cycle of a species can lead to the asso-

ciation of materials of different species that are very similar. Cox (1945) reported that *on several occasions

mistakes were made and [Forrest's] seed did not correspond with the name.”

Forrest was seriously ill during most of 1919 (McLean 2004: 147). His doctor advised him to remain in

Tengyueh (Tengchong), so he nio a UE aise and ae there o the entire year

(McLean 2004: 147). He still : during

the year covering ll 2 latitude m adis as far as 250 Sr (400 km) away in Tibet TOP. 2004:

147). In May, he di work in Tsarong, Tibet under the supervision of

Pere Valentin at ilie Roman Catholic Mission in Tsedjrong just north of Tsekou (Chigu) (McLean 2004: 142,

144). The three collectors were told that they would be p. ‘a tas reward for each new species found"

(McLean 2004: 144). This team was probably the one that hest from Tengyueh (Tengchong) during

1919.

1010 thi 1 11 »

In 1919 thist 3 Hl fr^ 4

which Forrest assigned his nos.

18926 collected in pa and 18950 i in June a nd described as Catalpa til g his collections 18926 and

18950 without indicating pud to be the Due bie 1921). cias to data on de labels, they were both

collected in T th Kiu ide at latitude 28° 40' N and longitude 98? 15 E. In Google

Earth (release 5.0), “this latitude and longitude: indicates a place over 4,300 m above sea level. Forrest 18926

consists of fruiting specimens with mature seeds; Forrest 18950 comprises PONE ET uM herbari-

um label of Forrest 18950 describes the flowers as “cream llow, flushed rellow’.

hing deis Vs T Massi IV, F12345 (Fore 1929) describes the flowers as “creamy white,

”. Forrest compared his new species to C. ovata, and concluded that

his species “does EM. e in size d flower, in size and shape of fruit, nor in the seeds with numerous speci-

mens of the well known C. ovata G. Don.”

The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh holds in iher e peu Torres field pu pin his corre

spondence with their staff. Volume IV, F12345, a his fi 17906-19054

from April to November of 1919. The page and j l d in blue ink, and the us

was hand written also in blue ink. Enty. number 18926 is on page 188, and ambos 18950 is on page 193. T

collection data exactly matches that published by Forrest (1929) in his field notes of 1917-19 for non-rhodo-

Kirkbride and Olsen, Identity of Catalpa tibetica 627

dendrons, but differs in the description of the corolla color, “cream-white” in the field book and “creamy-yel-

low” on the herbarium labels and in the protologue of C. tibetica (Forrest 1921). Forrest wrote “Catalpa ? tibet-

ita Forr" as the determination for Forrest 18926 and “C. tibetica G. Forr.” as the determination for Forrest 18950.

We examined Forrest's correspondence with the Royal Botanic Garden staff for 1919 through August

1922, including letters from him and copies of letters sent to him, mainly to and from Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour,

Regius Keeper during that period. The principal topics of the letters were Forrest's collecting and the genera

Rhododendron L. and Primula L., both of special interest to Sir Isaac. There was no mention of Catalpa or collec-

tion numbers 18926 and 18950, and no reference to F 's publ f Ipa tibetica (F t 1921).

Catalpa tibetica has been accepted in the principal Chinese floras (Kunming Institute of Botany 1979;

Wang etal. 1990; Zhang & Santisuk 1998), where t d as yellowish

approximately 1 cm in diameter. Yao and Huang (1980) p d a synopsis of all t f Catalpa without keys

+1 t Mia T ag

or descriptions. They did i f C. tibetica, but

» d 4 if r

tibetica (China, Yunnan Province, at bank of a creek near the front gate of the Construction Bureau of Lijiang,

4Sep 1948, Qin Ren Chang 31019). They concluded that the specimen was of C. bignonioides, a species not native

to China. They never saw hentic speci of C. tibetica.

In July of 2009 ined the speci f Forrest 18926 and 18950 in the herbaria of the Royal Bot

Garden, Edinburgh (E), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K), and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P).

Images of those collections are available for viewing on the Internet sites of those institutions. We were imme-

diately struck by the similarity of the syntypes of C. tibetica and the North American C. bignonioides and C.

speciosa. Comparison of the Forrest collections to wild and cultivated specimens of the North American spe-

cies convinced us that the syntypes of C. tibetica fall within the circumscription of C. bignonioides. The large

white corollas and the large fruits and seeds are exactly like those of C. bignonioides and unlike those of the

Chinese C. bungei, C. fargesii, and C. ovata. Therefore we here lectotypify C. tibetica, and place it in synonymy

under C. bignonioides.

Forrest 18926 and 18950 were not collected in Tsarong, Tibet. Because Forrest had sent the three-man col-

lection team to Tsarong, h ly labeled the t lecti having! de there. In 1904 Forrest

traveled from Tengyueh (Tengchong) to Tseku (Chigu) by way of Tali (Dali), Lichiang (Lijiang), Chung-tien

Zhongdian) and then crossed the Yangtze (Jinsha Jiang) River, Beima Shan mountains, and finally the

Salween (Nu Jiang) River (Davies 1909; McLean 2004). In 1919 Forrest's three-man collecting team possibly

d € E oum and Lichiang (Lijiang) and then up the Yangtze (Jinhsa Jiang) River valley ^ reach

5 »purred on by the y ise of ) ch species, the three-man collection team

“countered a mature tree of C. bignonioides, either cultivated or adventive, somewhere along their route in

ham and collected it. Forrest correctly recorded its flower color as creamy-white in his field book,

Preparing the herbarium labels for Forrest 18950 and publishing C. tibetica, changed the flower color

101 La

to ”

E o. Which was wrong, In his field book Forrest recorded the habit of 18926 as “Tree of_____?

i 18950 as “Shrub or tree of 2" a further indication of his personal lack of knowledge concerning

two collections. Thi CRER, ASE 1 A hel } 1 label f Forrest 18926 and 18950,

nins: pe

tincluded in the publication of C. tibetica (Forrest 1921).

CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES AND SELECTED SYNONYMS

a gnonioides Walter, Fl. carol. 64. 1788. Type: UNITED STATES. SOUTH CAROLINA: Fraser 28-D (NEOTYPE (Reveal et

a : des “holotype”): BM-SL, f. 28!, Rembert 1980: Fig. 7); Lexington Co.: just behind (N of) truck stop and *44 Restaurant," on

esse Hwy 34 at 1-20, about 9 mi SE of Leesville, 20 May 1997, John B. Nelson 18315 (EPITYPE (Ward 20074, as “neotype”): GH;

ITYPE: USCH).

Acti L., Sp. pl. 622. 1753; Catalpa cordifolia Moench, Methodus 464. 1794, nom. superfl.; Catalpa persion Cav., Descr. ane

1 pct. Catalpa communis Dum. Cours., Bot. cult. 2:189. 1802, nom. superfl.; Catalpa syringe Sims, Bot. Mag. 27: t.

806, nom. superfl.; Catalpium amena Raf., Fl. ludov. 139. 1817, nom. superfl.; Catalpa catalpa (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Deut.

FL.927. 188; i inal: TYPE (Reveal

etal, dem , nom. inval. TYPE: Bignonia urucu foliis, flore cordide albo, Catesby, Nat. hist. Carolina 1: t. 49. 1730 (LECTOTYPE (Rev

decionated

Catalpa Syringifolia Sims var. nana Ed. Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeitung 19(14):112. 1851. TYPE: g

628 Journal of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

EMON "n var. aurea anon., Gard. Chron. 41:1322. 1871. TYPE: not designated.

illon, Lecons fam. nat. 214. 1872. TYPE: not designated (not found in P-Baillon, 2009).

Catalpa ario. Ugolini, Bull. mene Soc. Tee, Ortic. 13:330. 1888. TYPE: not designated.

Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 3, 6:183. 1894; Catalpa bignonioides Walter f.

aurea Orei Paclt, Candollea 13:263. 1952. TYPE: not ae ed.

Catalpa bignonioides Walter var. nana Bureau, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 3, 6:183. 1894; Catalpa bignonioides Walter f. nana

(Bureau) Paclt, Candollea 13:261. 1952. TYPE: not designated.

Catalpa bignonioides Walter var. variegata Bureau, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 3, 6:183. 1894; Catalpa bignonioides Walter f. varie-

gata (Bureau) Paclt, Candollea 13:261. 1952. TYPE: not designated.

dne bignonioides Walter var. koehnei Dode, Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1907(6): 206. 1907; Catalpa bignonioides Walter f. koehnei

ode) Paclt, Candollea 13:262. 1952. TYPE: not designated.

itn syringifolia Sims var. pulverulenta W. Paul m a br in AO, — T we 289. 1908; i petits: Walter var.

pulverulenta (W. Paul & G. Paul) Bean, T f. pulve-

rulenta (W. Paul & G. Paul) Paclt, —— 13:263. 1952. TYPE: not designated.

Catalpa speciosa EY. Teas var. albo-variegata F. G. Schwer., Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges., ed. 2, 2:289. 1910; Catalpa speciosa EY. Teas f.

albo-variegata (F. G. Schwer.) Rehder, Bibl. Sx trees 659. 1949. TYPE: not designated.

Catalpa speciosa E.Y. Teas var. pulverulenta W. Paul & G. Paul in W.T., Gard. Mag. Mii 53:30. 1910; Catalpa speciosa E.Y. Teas f.

pulverulenta (W. Paul & G. Paul) Rehder, Bibl. cult. trees 659. 1949. TYPE: not designate

Catalpa tibetica Forrest, Notes Roy Bot. Nei jux 13:155. 1921, syn. nov. TYPES: CHINA. YUNNAN: Jun 1919, Forrest 18950 (LEC-

TOTYPE, here designated: E No. 00287 E No. 002879581, K!, P!) lity, Aug 1919, Forrest 18926 (SYN-

TYPES: E No. 00287955!, E No. 00287956

Catalpa bignonioides Walter f. rehderi Paclt, Candollea 13: 259. 1952. TYPE: CZECH REPUBLIC. Central Bohemia, Prague, ca. 290 m elev,

Paclt 3 (HOLOTYPE: PR)

This large list of synonyms is preliminary. Numerous minor variants of C. Manage bayr bem discovered

in cultivation during the last two and a half centuries, and many of them h mes. In

our opinion, my should be treated as cultivars under the International Code of Ranci for Cultivated

Plants (Brickell et al. 2004),

EARLY EUROPEAN INTRODUCTIONS OF CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES

Mark Catesby (1730) discovered Catalpa bignonioides in the western Carolinas, and introduced it into cultiva-

tion in eastern South Carolina. He also introduced it into England in 1726 (Aiton 1789; Saint-Hilaire 1804;

Sweet 1826; Loudon 1838; Beck von Mannagetta & Abel 1890; Sargent 1894; bowler 1904; Elwes & Henry

1912; Bean 1919, and h 1754 (Duhamel du Mopesan 1755) it g lly cultivated in France. By

1812 (Loudon 1 as widely i , including Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, and

Italy. B f its abundant, beautiful fl ing, it was rapidly and widely distributed to various tem-

perate countries. By the cay 18th aa Fiench jenii were resident in China (Lécrivain 2004; Thevenet

2004). Some of the Jesuit fathers, such as Armand David, Pierre-Nicolas Le Chéron d'Incarville, and Jean-

ecd esr were ccu botanists and collectors. They make extensive polerion of hioen ie

esof

pag , which they pror

f Pari Perhaps C bi i fol, ; 1 Lo E a T Py ^ d into

EK J

China in n the 18th or 19th Century.

The native distributi f Catalina hi GES FER long been d I Georgia, west

ern Florida, southern and central Mabie Mississippi, aud Louisiana, and pert tl heastern edge of

Texas (Sargent 1894; Bureau 1894; Elwes & Henry 1912; Paclt 1952: Weniger 1996; Manning 2000), and mod

ern treatments of all species of Chinese Catalpa (Kunming Institute of Botany 1979; Yao & Huang 1980; Wang

et al. 1990; Zhang & Santisuk ad jar et al. 2009) have not included C. bignonioides as a native Chinese

species. In our opinion C. bi ic to th theastern United States, and was introduced into

China as a horticultural plant because of its great beauty in the spring when flowering.

TYPIFICATION OF CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES

Traditionally, Catalpa bignonioides Walter has been treated as a replacement name for the earlier Bignonia 6

talpa L. or as a new species (Paclt 1952: Reveal et al. 1990; Ward 2006, 20072). The alternative treatments have

Kirkbride and Olsen, Identity of Catalpa tibetica 629

resulted from varying interpretations of Walter's (1788:64) C. bignonioides. His treatment of the genus and spe-

ciesin Flora Caroliniana is brief:

12. CATALPA. Cor. monopetala, campanulata.

Cal 5-phyllus. Rudimenta tria staminum.

bignonioides 1. arbor. fol. cordatis.

Throughout the work, Walter gave neither authorities nor references for the names of the taxa nor did he cite

specimens. In the preface, Walter stated that he had only Linnaeus’ Systema naturae (1735), Genera plantarum

(1737), and Species plantarum (1753) to work from (Walter 1788; Rembert 1980). When he followed Linnaeus

the text was generally placed in Roman type, and when his treat f Linnaeus,

were usually placed in italics (Reveal & Jarvis 2009).

Paclt (1952) was the first to inadvertently typify C. bignonioides in his synopsis of the genus. He gave the

type of C. bignonioides as, “Linnaeus [?] in hb. BM. (Herb. Hort. Cliffort.), actually missing”. Apparently Paclt

assumed that C. bignonioid for Linnaeus B. catalpa, ited a speci in the Cliffo

Herbarium, which pposedly tl r the first synonym cited by Linnaeus (1738, 1753) under B. catalpa,

the polynomial in the Hortus cli ffortianus (Linnaeus 1737:317). No specimen of Catalpa was found in an online

search of the George Clifford Herbarium at the Natural History Museum, London, nor by Reveal et al. (1990).

Reveal et al. (1990), concluding that C. bignonioides was being described as new by Walter, cited the

specimen of C. bignonioides in the Walter Herbarium at the Natural History Museum, London (BM-SL 28-D;

Rembert 1980:Fig. 7) as the holotype. They assumed that Walter had used tl peci in his herbari

Ward (2006, 2007a, b, c, d, 2008a, b) demonstrated that the Walter Herbarium actually is composed of

John Frasers collections. Of the identified specimens in the Walter Herbarium, 50% of the identifications are

inthe handwriting of Walter, and 33% in the handwriting of Fraser (Ward 2007a). The specimen of C. bignoni-

vides in the Walter Herbarium bears the identification “Catalpa bignonioides” in Fraser's hand (Ward 20074).

Ward (20074), after rejecting F ’s speci ypel it is “a single broken leaf” and because it lacks

linkage to Walter, effectively selected John B. Nelson 18315 (GH) as the neotype for C. bignonioides, meeting all

ihe requirements of Art. 7.11 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006). Ward (2007d) did not cite nor mention the

nation of a type for C. bignonioides by Reveal et al. (1990).

Catalpa bignonioides is in italics in Walters (1788:64) Flora Carolina, signifying that it is different from

al (1735, 1737, 1753) species. Walter placed Catalpa bignonioides in Diandria, Monog mia, probably a

el Cant factor in his recognition of it as a new genus; Linnaeus (1737, 1753) placed Bignonia catalpa in

zia, Angiospermia. Finally, Walter used the specific epithet bignonioides rather than transforming

EI generic epithet Bignonia into a specific epithet for his species. We conclude that there is no homo-

Ee between Linnaeus B. catalpa and Walter's C. bignonioides. |

_ “ince the specimen of C. bignonioides in the Walter Herbarium cannot be considered part of Walter's

E Material and there is no other original material that can be associated with the name (Ward 20074),

Me, of a heotype is required. Article 9.8 of the International Code of Botanical noce (ICBN;

etal. 2006) states, “the use of a term defined in the Code (Art. 9.1-9.7) as denoting a type, in a sense

de than that in which it is so defined, is treated as an error to be corrected...” Reveal et al. (1990) identified

ut "men of C. bignonioides i Walter Herbarium (BM-SL 48-D) asa “holotype,” which according to Art.

à correctable error, and can be tal ypification of C. bignonioides on Fraser (BM-SL 48-D).

e; "m (2007d) designation of John B. Nelson 18315 (GH) type of C. bignonioi m E a

brthis # " ay the neotype of Reveal et al. (1990) under Art. 9.17, but Pe a no a Spi ios

Fraser (BMS, neotype of Reveal et al. (1990) cannot be superseded. The reason ar poe o ; g

BD) ash type was that i . fa single, partial, broken leaf, juate specimen for

te 9.7 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006) states, “an epitype is a specimen or ae .

and Bus pese type when the ... previously designated e 3; i8 dome ly we "den

"uh critically identified for purposes of the precise application of the name... Because o t e very

ition of Fraser (BM-SL 48-D), Ward (2007d) chose Nelson 18315 (GH) as the neotype of C. bignonioi-

AL UIC

des. Ward’ f lecting Nelson 18315 (GH) over Fraser (BM-SL 48-D) are also the reasons for selecting

an epitype, so Art. 9.8 (McNeill. et al. 2006) applies to Ward's type selection, which is actually an epitype.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank th t d staffs of the foll f ess to their herbaria and libraries: Arnold

Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (A); fond Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, United

Kingdom (E); Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (GH); Royal Botanic ardens Een i

Kingdom (K); New York Botanical Garden, New York, New York (NY); Muséum National d'T

Paris, France (P); Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PH); Missouri Botanical Garden,

St. Louis, Missouri (MO); and, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia (US). We extend

special thanks to Ms. Adele Smith, Assistant Curator and Ms. Leonie Paterson, Librarian at the Royal Botanic

Garden, Edinburgh for their kind assistance during the visit of the senior author to their institution and their

advice and support. We thank Dr. Charles Jarvis for sending us outstanding images of page 28 in the Walter

Herbarium at the Natural History Mayet, m Ms Melinda Peters, Curatorial Assistant, Harvard

University Herbaria, Cambridge, fi f John B. Nelson 18315 (GH), and Drs. Kanchi

Gandhi, Werner Greuter, Charles Jarvis, John McNeill, James Rod and John Wiersema for their wise coun-

sel on nomenclatural matters.

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Acta Hort. 647:1-123.

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CATESBY, M. 1730. Nat. hist. UN vol. 1, p. 49, t ^. Mar Catesby, Londen

CLARKE, D.L. AND G. TAYLOR. 1 Bean’ Isles. John Murray, London

COOPER, R.E., A.O. CURLE, AND W.S. FAIR. 1935. George Forrest, V.M.H., explorer and botanist who by his discoveries

he: plants successfully introduced has greatly enriched our gardens: 1873-1932. The Scottish Rock Garden Club,

COWAN, J.M. 1952. The j 1 plant i lucti fG

Forrest, V. M. H. Oxford University Press, London.

Cox, E.H.M. 1945. Plant-hunting i in China: a history of botanical exploration | in China and the Tibetan marches. Collins,

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DUHAMEL DU MONCEAU, H.L. 1755. Traité des arbes et arbustes, vol. 1.

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FANG, J., Z. WANG, AND Z. TANG. 2009. Atlas of woody plants in China, vol. 1. Higher Education Press, Beijing.

FORREST, G. 1921. owes "n G. Forrest. sp. nov. Notes Roy. Bot. Ne POD ie 55- es

FORREST, G. 1929, Fi es of trees, shrubs and plants other than Rh in western China by M‘

George Forrest, 1917- 49, The Royal Horticultural Society, London.

GENTRY, A.H. 1992. Bignoniaceae— Part II (tribe Tecomeae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25(1I):1-370.

GOOGLE EARTH release 5.0. Virtual globe, map, and geographic information system. URL: http:earth.google.com; la

accessed 15 Sep 2009.

KUNMING INSTITUTE OF BOTANY 1979. Catalpa. Flora Yunnanica. Science Press, Beijing. 2:691-7

LECRIVAIN, P. 2004. A la cour de — de M Chin Des

J.-C. Jolinon, eds., Uherbier bons

toire naturelle. Les arè | Pade Pp. 46-53. -

grains pour séduire Kie ien-Long. In: P. Morat, G. Aymonin an

5 2 H atinna a

Kirkbride and Olsen, Identity of Catalpa tibetica 631

LINNAEUS, C. 1735. Syst t l agd ib , Leiden

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MANNING, S.D. 2000. The genera of i in tł United States. Harvard Pap. Bot. 5

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Edinburgh, Woodbridge.

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SKOG, J.H. WIERSEMA, AND N.J. TURLAND (EDs.). 2006. Int Code). Koeltz

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Olsen, RT, T.G. RANNEY, AND C.S. HODGES, 2006a. Susceptibility of Catalpa, Chilopsis, and hybrids to powdery mildew and

catalpa sphinx larvae. HortSci. 41:1629-1634.

OLSEN, R.T., T.G. RANNEY, AND Z. VILORIA. 2006b. Reproductive behavior of induced allotetraploid xChitalpa and in vitro

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Paci, J. 1952. po - M P dbi FUGAM fas aaa Ill. Candollea 13:241-288.

REHDER, A. 1940. N an Company, New York.

REMBERT, D.H. 1980. Thomas Walter, Carolina botanist - hec I. adips na cones 5:1-33.

REVEAL, J.L., C.E. JARVIS, AND F.R. BARRIE. 1990. O ). Bartonia 56:17-18.

REVEAL, J.L. AND C.E. JARVIS. 2009. Typification of names of corriera North aia plants proposed by Linnaeus.

Taxon 58:977-984.

SAINT-HILAIRE, J.H.J. 1804. Catalpa. In: H.L. Duhamel du Monceau, É. Michel, ed. Traité des arbres et arbustes, vol. 2, pp.

13-16, t. 5. Étienne Michel, Paris.

SARGENT, CS. 1894. The Silva of North America, vol. 6. Houghton Mifflin and Company, Bost d New York.

SWEET, R. 1826. Sweet's Hortus Britannicus. James Ridgway, London.

THEVENET, J, 2004. Deux missionnaires botanists en Chine. In: P. Morat, G. Aymonin, and J.-C. Jolinon, eds., Uherbier du

monde: Cing siècles d'aventures et de passions botaniques au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Les arènes/

liconoclaste, Paris. Pp. 142-149.

sadi 1788. Flora caroliniana. J Wenman, Fleet Street, London.

ANG, W., K. PAN, Z. ZHANG, Z. Li, D. TAO, AND W. YIN. 1990. 6. Catalpa Scop. In: W. Wang, ed., Flora Reipublicae Popularis

Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing. 69:13-18.

e , D.B. 2006, Thomas Walter ypificati t, l: observation on the John Fraser folio. Sida 22:1111-1118.

he, > 2007a. The Thomas Walter Herbarium is not the herbarium of Thomas Walter. Taxon 56:917-926.

2007b. Thomas Walter typif cation project, Il: the known Weker types. J, Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1:407-423.

^0, D.B, 2007c. Thoma as Walter ct, Ill: | I 20 Walter names, as recognized in

the Fraser/ Walter Herbarium. J. Bot. Res. ss ha 1 :425-430.

dd 007d. Thomas Walter rei project, IV: neotypes and epitypes for 43 Walter Names of genera A

Wi “eh z J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1:1091-11 D

sii ES Thomas Walter Vies Pe V: neotypes and epitypes for 63 Walter names of genera

Wiss A J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2:475-486. Res. |

c 008b. Thomas Walter typification project, VI: neotypes for an additional 18 Walter names. J. Bot. Res. Inst.

(2):1279-1 279.

leas “ 1996. Catalpa o bignonioides, Bignoniaceae) and bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera, Moraceae) in early

AN &cords. Sida 17:231-2

AO HUANG, ich 1980. Synopsis of the Catalp iG — a

njing Technol. Coll. For. Prod. 1:122- 125.

ab AND T. SANTISUK. 1998, Bignoniaceae. In: Z. Wu and PH. Raven, eds., Flora of China Science Press, Beijing.

3-225.

1 | pee DI D prom Y AE cre £T, cin

14)

632

BOOK REVIEW

JAMES W. HINDS AND PATRICIA L. HINDS. 2007. The Macrolichens of New England. (ISSN 0077-8931, ISBN 13:

978-0-89327-477-1, ISBN 10: 0-89327-477-1, hbk., printed on FSC pane ~ 5 gsm gs M" p

The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 96:1-608. The New York B Press

Kanini SEAN "ne New York 10458-5126, U.S.A. (Orders: 718-817-8721, 718- 817-8842 fax,

http: Iw I g/NYBG-Press-p-1-c-333.html). $65.00, 584 pp., 10 tables, 14 line drawings, more

ae 400 pee Tlustrations. glossary, index, 7/4" x 10A".

The authors hope this book will true field guide but the larger size format, heavy weight, and thick,

A 323 1 AN 1 E 1 3a A : 1.21.2 Os | 1 1.1 1 Mis More

4 e eo e o

value ld! lized f book or identificati lat home or in the laboratory using the di-

1 Tas 1 A 1 = : 1 : P4 el : shle

4 Lu eo 1 eo r O E Li

NA 13:4. CHER edi I : A T£ d fruti g th fi 1 are often larger showy,

4 1 1 u J $- 1 1 : q Te | tly the

J E at

smaller, | t AE "HL s :11 1 y ES d n 1 AN : pa

dly sir

compound Einicio is not dud for identifications. Nevetihéless, the lichens are a difficult group to

identify because oi the tiim on chemical characters that require mee peas reagrals not readily

bl d y ive vocabular y of ter minology applied to 000 species cur-

rently dias anon

effecti f publication sidebars in the ey opel: sections, "e pea A classic study of sex-

nal reproduction in lichens” > “Col ti fland | i Lichen biomonitor-

1 risk (hut: cancer" g th : li I

dud additional information that engages th der’s i about lichens. Introductory sections will help

the beginner grasp t logy, terminology, and ici f lichenology through the discussion

of *What isa sivas ? "Ecological pai K New eee lichens, E bmw uses g New England lichens.”

The biopl fN Maine, New Hampshire,

Vermont, Masuachnsetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. A topical section that deserves special mention, for

cups — regions of New England and their EER floras” gees helpful information that

ography, geology, climate major biographical

zones, and giciatiséd lichen habitats i in New England, tépcolally the stideclaus lichens on tombstones in

cemeteries. Another section highlights *Changes in abundance and distribution of New England macroli-

chens during the last 100 years" based on an interesting Table 5 that lists the records of *Macrolichen species

once found in 3 or more New England but now in none,” Table 6, “Macrolichen species with decreases of

3 or more New England states; ' and Table 7, “Macrolichen species with increases of 3 or more New England

states" Pad on ete ne! from herten ma field doas mre over a lone, p o time. Some ol

A NI England

and Table 9 lists de *New England M that are regionally rare or r declining” that includes a a com

ments column with the number of sites, general location, state p These data increase the value

of this regional publication.

A section on diced to a and identify — one on des 35 years of field experience of the

th I ling for any novi g ing lichens. I found Table 10, “Color

i g this

£f 1 + Cee 1

pot test or ultraviolet foris" especially helpful in gettin

information at a quick glance.

Review continued on page 634

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 632. 2011

A NOMENCLATURAL CHANGE IN VIOLA (VIOLACEAE)

R. John Little

MagnaFlora LLC

16 Pebble River Circle

Sacramento, California 95831, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

1 fun. 1. El {NI LA : (1;

RESUMEN

Deacuerd 1 4 a Se rey ~ T3 1 ES la Fl Jr

cambio nomenclatural para conseguir coherencia.

pinetorum Greene var. grisea (Jepson) R.J. Little, comb. nov. Basionym: Viola purpurea Kellogg var. grisea Jepson,

FL Calif. 2:521. 1936. Viola pi G bsp. grisea (Jepson) RJ. Little, Phytologia. 72:77-78. 1992.

ro ME

Viola purpurea Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:55. 1855

Viola pinetorum Greene, Pittonia 2:14. 1889. Viol pur] Kell i Fl. Francisc. 243. 1891

55 E

Edward L. Greene described Viola pinetorum in 1889 and reduced it without comment to a variety of Viola

purpurea in 1891. Willis L. Jepson collected “dwarf,” caespitose forms of this taxon from mountain ranges in

southern California, which he described in 1936 as Viola purpurea var. grisea. The leaf blades of Viola pineto-

Tum are typically much longer than wide, linear to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate. The author

believes Viola pinetorum is distinct from Viola purpurea and that var. grisea is distinct from var. pinetorum.

Variety pinetorum and the diminutive var. grisea have similar leaf shapes with margins irregularly lacer-

ale, dentate, serrate, and sometimes more or less entire. The leaf ma rgins of th ll

markedly sinuate and undulate. However, evidence that leaves are undulate is obli 1 wl

1 A

SLU ULUSH amu

pressed. The leaves of var. grisea appear distinctly gray in the field and are usually canescent to gray-tomen-

lose. The leaves of var. pinetorum appear greenish in the field and are usually puberulent on both surfaces and

Purple-tinted abaxially. In June 2011, the author collected var. grisea from 3 locations in southern California,

atelevations 2225-2500 m: Mt. Pinos and San Gabriel Mountains in the Transverse Ranges, and north of Bald

Mountain (Tulare Co.) in the southern Sierra Nevada.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

to MJ. Bower for a istance with the R , Richard Rabeler (MICH) and Kanchi Gandhi (GH) for

‘aluable input, and to Barney Lips ER

f BH

CUILHD 101 5

Em e

Ms Inst, feas (2.633, 2011

BOOK REVIEW (CONTINUED)

JAMES W. HINDS AND PATRICIA L. HINDS. 2007. The Macrolichens of New England. (ISSN 0077-8931, ISBN 13:

978-0-89327-477-1, ISBN 10: 0-89327-477-1, hbk., printed on FSC linia 96 lb. gsm glossy). Manai *

The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 96:1-608. The New York B den Press, 200

MM sd POM, jns New York 10458-5126, U.S.A. (Orders: 718-817-8721, 718-817-8842 fax,

YBG-Press-p-1-c-333.html). $65.00, 584 pp., 10 tables, 14 line drawings, more

dan 400 "ege illustrations, glossary, index, 7/4" x 1014".

(Review continued Mona page 632)

T4. Lis ; 1 f 400 1 CF a 1 1 1 al

UU color images a

of key duae) isa ieitum that es RCNE and use ba the Nm oe a jis "m or dissecting

microscope. Unfortunately pap g )

when reading text.

The heart of the book is the “General "i4 to DEN Viae a thatincludes E of 98

genera, 461 New Eng er a 41 addi p lj A Quick Key Index on

trees, on rocks, and I I ing the foli thf S foliose lichen

keys use colors, lobe morphology and size d ‘this also applies to the A growth forms. The section

“Genus and species descriptions of the macrolichens of New England” has the species descriptions as well as

species keys based on morphology and not chemical characters. Included ss the Lone iae are

comments, distribution, etymology, and common names and with the species s, il

lustrations, range/habitat, notes, and in some cases chemistry.

The Literature Cited section includes 19 pages that number approximately 469 references, the majority

from 1950 to 2005 time period. There is a 9-page glossary of terminology used in the text of the book. There's

an Index of Latin and English names.

This is a lot of book for a best bargain basement price of $65. There is much here that will appeal to users

x » E. d rim "WP hy Nec MEME

r r ? i

visitors to the New England states, nature enthusiasts, the nature conservancy organizations, libraries, bo-

tanical museums and herbaria, botanists, ecologists, and of course in the hands of every lichenologist. If this

ssa were rated d on | star even to 5 stars (highest) it would receive a 5 star — dae! rank that far

th Harold W. K eller Research Associate, B h Insti itute of

Texas, 1700 Ditversiiy Drive Fori Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 634.2011 —

A PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF

DAPHNE PAPYRACEA AND DAPHNE BHOLUA (THYMELAEACEAE) IN INDIA

Arti Garg Zachary S. Rogers

Central National Herbarium Missouri Botanical Garden

Botanical Survey of India P.O. Box 299

PO. Indian Botanic Gardens, Howrah — 711 103, INDIA St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A.

kad_arti396@yahoo.com zachary.rogers@mobot.org

ABSTRACT

Th p ll g i fu p i lati (D ph bhol bholua. D. bholua var glacialis D pay ) were studied to explore micro-

hal 1 1 e) f. 1 : 11 1 1 1 R. 1 > f = 11 Pe A

LL 4 4; £f 1: 11 yp 1 1 gi 1f q in c l 1 I i The exine of D. bholua

Jl. 1, Jel 1 1 1 1 1 : (CTD) 121 f. "VA |

suhunite (4 and fr, "M. 3 f. nm A P 1 mL : AT) i Tn addition ti io (09 $

mattern (semi AN E J ER 1 ` E f D hholua var glaciali imil

Ls oo o

to the nall fn 1 " x T es eae 1 1 oe ty P 1

P pat p l f D. bholua paly g

of D bholua va gl EC 4 31] 1 Peer ee ee $2 1 gi 1 1 I 1 4 gi l data. The first valid publication date

and correct authorship of D. papyracea is also clarified.

RESUMEN

Se estudió el polen d p lacionados (Daphne bholua var. bholua, D. bholua var. glacialis, D. papyracea) para ex-

ea Sire r. H lógi X eth wire ifs 1 235 3 PLU. crt 1 amen de espe-

Cenes erlertan a iore our xc Wa i linológi y más notable-

= E Ls o i

Mente con I n a cce 1 1 a ia di Ma var. gl p I I 1 CTD R 3.3.3

con 1 } : 3 1 LA ` f. $3. uM : 1 3 3. As 3:

estructuras en forma d y ] I libres, o 5-6 y fu g D.

bholua y D, papyracea. Adicionalmente, el p lio del diá le los g (29 um), patrón de STP (semi-crotonoide), y los muros ex-

Puestos del reticulo basal gi 1 polen de D. bholua var. glaciali 4s similar al de D. papyracea que al de D. bholua. Nuestros es-

tudios prelim} D aah ere ta gt 1 “Sees Bane 1

Ws I 5mica de D. bholua var. gl E g I

tarios y estudi fológi data Ya forha valida debo blica dá idades de D. pay también son clarificadas.

INTRODUCTION

Daphne L., a well-known genus comprising about 100 species distributed across Asia, Europe and North

África, is one of the largest genera of Thymelaeaceae (ca. 45 genera, 1,000 species; Rogers 2009). Species of

Daphne are deciduous or evergreen subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees, and are often cultivated as showy orna-

Mentals (Brickell & Mathew 1976; Halda 2001). The genus is rey lin India! i

te : i O TE ja

Mperate Himalaya, Khasi Hills, and Manipur (Prasanna, pers. comm.; Rogers, unpubl. data). Most of the

rrinoin

Indi : 1 :

ug Species are relatively well-defined and easily distinguishable, but two putative relatives (D. bholua

n E" ex D. Don and D. papyracea Wall. ex G. Don) pose difficul ic problems (Burtt 1936). Both

6 Pecies are horticulturally important and belong to the “Paper Daphne” group (Brickell & Mathew

Hen »4S they are harvested for their bark, which i ] | 1 ropes (H

ty 1973).

n 1832; Santapau &

Viet ze literature, Daphne bholua (recorded from India, Bangladesh, China, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal,

Nam) a VR ANE E deu TN GNE mmh.

cal nd 5 papyracea (recorded from India, China, Nepal) have 5 oe

ly by differences related to leaf and bract persistence, flower color, fragrance, and hypanthium lobe

eg, Brickell & Mathew 1976; Wang et al. 2007). The best documented distinction between the two

= is whether or not the flowers are fragrant (sweetly-scented in D. bholua vs. odorless in D. papyracea).

uc e i: treatments, but the supposed distinctions are

des; esin flower color]

consistent or contradictory between reports (cf. Burtt 1936; Brickell & Mathew 1976; Halda 2001;

E e o

Mes Inst Texas S(2)-635 — 641.2011

636 Journal of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

Wang et al. 2007). Flowers of D. bhol lly described as pink, or white and flushed with either pink

or purple, whereas flowers of D. IDEE are usally characterized as white, greenish-white, or rarely pink-

ish. Perhaps the apparent overlap in color variation tin not occur vds agi the entire P GREASE ed

tion of each species because in India the flowers of D. !

papyracea are consistently pure white (Prasanna, pers. comm.). The two eid are i-a i and probably

inhabit different elevation ranges. Daphne bholua occurs in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, roughly

from Arunchachal Pradesh to Darjeeling and West Bengal (Prasanna, pers. comm.), while D. papyracea is

found in the mountains of the Western Himalayas, from approximately Western Nepal to Uttar Pradesh and

Punjab (Brickell & Mathew 1976).

A total of emen EI variants a been formally named throughout the wide geographic

ranges of both

, eight varieties, one form; D. bholua—one subspe-

£ E

+1 ixi.

cies, one variety). Some « ft recognized at the species rank, while others have been

reduced to synonymy under their N species. Five of the varieties are still recognized (Wang et al.

2007), but only one, D. bholua var. glacialis (WW. m & Cave) B. . PH occurs in India viso recorded from

China and Nepal). Daphne bholua var. glacialis, which variety of

D. cannabina Lour. (Smith & Cave 1913), reportedly differs from D, bholua var. ine il having deciduous (vs.

more persistent) leaves (Burtt 1936; Halda 2001), | lets (Bri x Mathew 1976), a creep-

ing (vs. erect) habit, subrhombic (vs. semicircular) leat scars, and 6-11 (vs. 11—16) pairs of lateral veins per leaf

(Wang et al. 2007)

General palynological variation in Thymelaeaceae sm ape pollen

The members of Thymelaeaceae constitute a remarkab assemblage of uniformly spheroidal

grains (Mohl 1835) with polyforate (Blaise 1959) and panporate rers 1966; cf. pantoporate - Punt et

al. 2007) aperture types. The exine strata are formed by a highly specialized crotonoid tectum or a derivative

thereof (Nowicke et al. 1985; Herber 2002). The beides pattern” of the exine was first defined by Erdtman

(1952: 173) as being composed of “regularly g (triangular or + circular in cross-section),

ea augen bya Pets Paena or spongy Mer $ MANR subunijs are attached toa Es

noll-

lar to a number of other derived shapes (e.g., baculoidate, tetrahedral, pilate), thereby forming a homogenous

or h the surface of the exine.

Daphne in is picasa as AYES Pn D JM most common d four A 9 hywe p

(Herber 2002» Arch g 1 a 071

YNMA711) [E

using light ETOH anaiena pearly ohe bet e the ed number oÍ Medis ee 40) in i genus. In ‘that

study, As ff

in one or more pollen characters (e.g., grain size,

exine thickness, pore size, pore dice. pore number). Neither D. bholua nor D. papyracea have been investi-

gated palynologically judging from available literature.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

One collection was selected for each 9t the three study taxa. Vouchers were identified by Dr. P. V. Prasanna, à

specialist working in India, and deposited at CAL. For pollen extraction, between two and four

sone were nee from then mature buds of each sptiecrion, npn for four, to five biosi in m alcohol.

Pp pry y E ollowing

the protocol of Erdtman SO od i washed with distilled water followed k id Excess etha-

nol was allowed to evaporate. Pollen grain jelly, sealed with molte?

paraffin wax, and observed with light microscopy (LM). For: scanning alcista pa (SEM) observa

tions, one drop of the pollen-ethanol mixture was transferred to specimen stubs, any excess alcohol was a

lowed to evaporate, and pollen grains were sputter coated with a thin gold film of ca. 200 A (at 18 mA current.

0.2 kV voltage for 160 sec.). Grains were viewed under the scanning electron microscope at an accelerating

Garg and R g j n. ly 1 : P4 4 £n I kK 2 I Ae. 637

voltage of 15 kV. Pollen size was measured using a calibrated ocular micrometer under LM. Palynological

terminology was based on Erdtman (1952), Nair (1970), and Hesse et al. (2009).

RESULTS

C IA 222 f: 1 A 11

orains

DAI : 3

, spheroidal, pantoporate, e, 17- 32 um in diameter. Wall tectate, suprareticulate with supra-

tectal Biburits of variable shapes and size; basal layer of ectoexine much thicker than endoexine; ectoexine

attached to endoexine by means of columellae that unite to form supratectal projections (STP).

The STP correspond to the projections of the supratectal subunits described in the classification of

Thymelaeaceae pollen published by Herber (2002).

p summary of Daphne bholua var. bholua, D. bholua var. glacialis, and D. papyracea (Table 1;

The pollen dad is formed y the piman and secon reticulum, the latter is derived fom a coupe or

y Supratectal form trihedral, dome-shaped or circular variously

xia supratectal pl which result in a crotonoid (Daphne bholua var. bholua), or barely detectable,

ion (D. bholua var. glacialis and D. papyracea). The ectoexine is al-

ways thicker Ria the nenas and is attached to the endoexine by means of the columellae that unite to

form the an. a ang panini pattern is the a. by the secondary reticulum of the

den y (1966, 1971), an observation that

Herber ( (2002: 117) dem to n erroneous. Graiis are sus hacia! Pollen size is small in D. bholua var.

bholua (ca. 19.5 pm mean diameter) and larger in D. bholua var. glacialis and D. papyracea (both ca. 29 pm mean

diameter). The lai Subinde are either ae (varying um densely to sparsely arranged), or fused in

Soups. When free bunit ly spaced, and the muri of the basal reticulum becomes

Dos as fiorizontal fous. Horum when these subunits a are fused, the muri (i.e., horizontal rods) of the

" the closely p 1 sul In all three taxa, the supratectal subunits are

Surmounted bya single, central projection (STP). The ee are spinulate and blunt in D. bholua var. bholua, ver-

cose and bead-like in D. bholua var glacialis, and spi 1 sharply pointed in D. papyracea. The outlines

and margins of the STP range from circular to angular and si t ded-angular, respectively, depend-

ingon the particular form of the STP.

PALYNOLOGICAL KEY TO TAXA

1. Pollen grain diametar |

25 um; STP fi groups of 5-7; led 1a. Daphne bholua

1. Pollen grain 4 var. bholua

iN diamat, A x EU tA £t 1

$ STP baculoidate- h its 4-6. fr DIE : z a " ui ESSE yi h "1 lika

and blunt 2 r N pe ee

2. STP tri 1b. Daphne bholua var. glacialis

ihedral; subunits 5-6, free, densel Pia er i sharply pointed 2. Daphne papyracea

7 2 Fe 2

Daphne bholua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 68. 1825.

cd lua var. bholua (Fig. 1A-C).

ate (STP-B), flattened, mean size: 1 x 1.1 x 0.9 pm (height x base length x base width), size range:

rep 2x 0.9-1 um; muri of basal reticulum concealed. Muri of secondary tectum forming groups of

mins 5 arranged in a crotonoid pattern, and surrounding the lumina of the basal (.e., primary) reticu-

ca : its densely packed, fused or rarely free. STP-B surmounted by minute, blunt spinules; spinule gen-

lis ntrally located, sometimes displaced off-center, outline circular, margin sinuous; lumina of secondary

‘9-1 um in diameter, rounded-angular.

men: INDIA. Assam: Shillong, 3000 ft, 25 Oct 1938, K. Biswas 3733 (CAL).

1b. Daph

ipei var. glacialis (WW. Sm. & Cave) B.L. Burtt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 438. 1936. (Fig.

E Speci

638 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

time 1 Pol phology of the t y H: Height of projection; B,: B idth for long is; BB AO

Pollen Feature D. bholua var. bholua D. bholua var. glacialis D. papyracea

Full grain count 30 28 25

Sum total of counts 589 820 708

Mean grain diameter (um) 19.5 29 29

Standard deviation in size 3 3 2

perture type pantoporate pantoporate pantoporate

Muri of basal reticulum concealed exposed exposed

Lumina of secondary 0.9-1 6-1.8

reticulum diameter (um)

Supratectal projections (STP)

STP Shape baculoidate, fl 1 (STP-B) baculoidate, dome- trihedral, dome-

shaped (STP-B) shaped (STP-T)

Projections spinulate, blunt verrucose, blunt-beaded spinulate, sharply pointed

STP pattern crotonoi semi-crotonoid semi-crotonoid

Arrangement of subunits fused, in groups of 5-7, rarely 4 and free, sparsely 5-6, free, densely packed

free, densely packed spaced, or 5-6 fused

Outline/margin circular/sinuous irregularly angular/wavy circular/rounded- angular

Mean size (um) [HxB, xB] 5x28x1.8 1.15 x 1.25

Height (H, um) 1-1.2 2.4-2.6 1.1-1.2

Base-longest width (B, jum) 1.1-1.2 2.6-3.0 LASTS

Base-shortest width (Bs um) 0.9-1.0 1.6-2.0 1.0-1.19

STP baculoidate (STP-B), dome-shaped, mean size: 2.5 x 2.8 x 1.8 um (height x base length x base width), size

s AA

range: 2.4—2.6 x 2.6-3 x 1.6-2 pm; muri of basal horizontal rods, ca. 0.8 um wide. Muri

of secondar y f i f 4-6 subunit do ]

g group i the joining points of the muri of the basal

l subunits 4 and free (di I djacent STP: 0.8—1.6 um) or 5—6 fused, surround-

ing the lumina of the basal reticulum; arranged in a scattered semi-crotonoid pattern. STP-B surmounted by

centrally located, circular, bead-like, verrucose projections, outline irregularly angular, straight-sided, mar

gins wavy; lumina of secondary reticulum 0.6-1.8 um in diameter, broadly angular.

h INDIA GL; " 1

g, 6500 ft, 30 Apr 1876, C.B. Clarke 27716 (CAL).

2. Daphne papyracea Wall. ex G. Don, Hort. Brit. 156. 1830. (Fig. 1G-D.

STP trihedral (STP-T), dome-shaped, mean size: 1.15 x 1.25 x 1.15 pm (height x base length x base width), size

range: 1.1-1.2 x 1.1-1.3 x 1-1.19 um; muri of basal reticulum exposed as horizontal rods, 0.3-0.9 pm wide.

Muri of secondary reticulum (composed of the supratectum) forming groups of 5-6 subunits, arranged in?

scattered semi-crotonoid pattern, surrounding the lumina of basal reticulum; subunits densely packed, free.

STP-T surmounted by central, pointed, spinules, outline circular, margins rounded-angular; lumina of sec-

ondary reticulum 1-2 pm in diameter, unevenly rounded.

It should be noted that authors of modern taxonomic treatments (e.g., Flora Malesiana, Hou 1960; Flore du

Cambodge du Laos et du Viétnam, Hó 1992; Flora of China, Wang et al. 2007) have incorrectly credited Steudel

(1840) as the validating author of Daphne papyracea, a name based on the illegitimate D. cannabina wall.

(1820), non Lour. (1790). Wallich’s (1820) name was actually validated by George Don 10 years before Steudels

work in Loudon's Hortus Britannicus (Loudon 1830: 156) via the direct reference below D. papyracea e

Wallich’s name and description as “Daphne cannabina (sensu) Wall., Asiat. Res. 13:315 [typ. err. 385], ic. 1820

(non Lour. 1790)” To avoid essary confusi garding authorship, d also be noted that Loudon,

as editor of Hortus Britannicus, explicitly credited G. Don entirely oe cars I of the work (i.e., the “Linnean

Arrangement”), which included the name D. papyracea (see page iv of the preface).

Voucher specimen:

INDIA. West Bengal: Darjeeling, 6500 ft, 20 May 1949, N. Ni & Party 2770 (CAL).

Garg and Rogers, Palynological features of Daphne in India

y AR bu vuU mde tars eas ———— :

UN Electron Micrographs of acetolyzed pollen (m: muri of basal reticulum). A-C. Daphne bholua var. bholua, A. Pollen grain, B-C. Surface

" . .

Rt lac ee Supratectate projections surrounding lumina (encircled portion in B showing one unit of seven fused subunits). D—F. Daphne bholua

Pollen iem D. Pollen grain, E-F. Surface with free and fused groups of fused supratectate projections surrounding lumina. G-I. Daphne papyracea, G.

In, H. Surface with groups of supratectate projections surrounding lumina, |. Trihedral subunits with pointed spinule.

DISCUSSION

All three study taxa share a fundamentally similar exine structure formed by basic elements of regularly

arranged excrescences (i.e., projections), which are supported by a baculate, baculoidate, or spongy layer of

secondary Ppa m tectum. kos resulting architecture forms the double reticulum and is a characteristic of

(Erdtman 1952). Pollen grains of Thymelaeaceae generally possess mural

ridgis me anastomose variously to rem the horizontal rods of the basal reticulum and are surmounted by à

Very y F

t RE 1 UP ru

(i.e., STP), which are organized into various patterns. These pat-

egree of fusion shape, and size

J bagni a

tic es in the arpei obs some taxa.

d in several pollen grain characters (e.g., grain size, muri exposure,

subunit irange STP structure) allow all three dai um to be Siettaidisfien palynologically (Table 1;

Fig. I). The baculoidate, dome-shaped STP of Daphne bholua var. glacialis pollen, is intermediate between the

pollen of D. bholua var. bholua (STP baculoidate, flattened) and D. papyracea (STP trihedral and dome-shaped).

The structure and None ot of the STP in B ewe var. glacialis with its semi-crotonoid pattern usually

composed of fi its (rarely fused) D. papyracea, whereas the presence of groups ol

5-7 fused subunits (mixed with free ipsc on Nue same pollen grain) is the usual form of D. bholua var.

bholua pollen. Moreover, the mean pollen grain was the same (29 um) for D. bholua var. glacialis and

D. papyracea, and both taxa have panned muri of the basal reticulum. When taken together, the data suggest

that D. bholua var. glacialis has a closer palynologic, if not taxonomic, affinity to D. papyracea. In addition to the

novel pollen differences identified here, the three taxa differ in one or more readily available characters (e.g.

floral scent, flower cols Boalo on. a we pris f king f ] nomenclatural

i i m

A A E y 11

more populati ccurring throughout the sridisuitad distributioual ranges eu all de taxa. So far none of

the Per Daphnes have been investigated using molecular phylogenetic analyses so it would also be worth-

while to add a DNA component to an expanded morphological study. Furthermore, future analyses of the

Paper Daphnes would benefit from the inclusion of several more taxa such as D. sureil WW. Sm. & Cave (re

corded from India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Thailand), a putative relative, and the four currently

recognized Chinese varieties ij B TUTO

Lastly ourp i lies } 1 } f Thymelaeaceae,

in which pollen w was reportedie hominea even e (e. B. Ic Wikstroemia, decur 1991;

Lachnaea- ca. 40 South African species, Beyers 2001), or med taxo-

nomically useful at the species rank (e.g., Passerina — ca. 25 South African species, Bredenkamp & Van Wyk

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

bo —— thank ite a ee Puce Botanical Survey a India, BSD for suggesting ae ees

the Th

at the Birbal Sahani institute of Paleobotany in Lucknow iocus assistance with the SEM wotk; M. Sanjappa,

(Director, BSI), P. Venu (Additional Director), and P. Lakshminarsimhan (Deputy Director of the Central

National Herbarium, CNH) for their help with facility support, encouragement to conduct palynological a

search, and assistance to obtain pollen material from CAL specimens. We owe special thanks to Saurabh

pene in the CNH at BSI for his valuable technical ER mee and to J. Ricketson ae Sara Fuentes-Sorian®

Wer for p idin ript

s o DO P E

REFERENCES

ARCHANGELSKY, D.B. 1966. Pollen grains of the Th

51:484-494, [In Russian]

NCHANGELSKY, DB. 1971. Palynotaxonomy of the family Thymelaeaceae s.l. In: LA. Kuprianova and M.S. Jakovlev, eds

ymelaeaceae and Gonystylaceae. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad)

Garg and Rogers, P.

vary a 7 J r

641

Pollen morphology (Cucurbitaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Cornaceae). Academy of Sciences, USSR, Komarov Botanical

Institute, Nauka, Leningrad. Pp. 104- fic m rsa

Bevers, J.B.P. 2001. The Cape genus L ): a monograph. In: O.A. Leistner and B.A. Momberg, eds.

Strelitzia, vol. 11. National Botanical institute, Pri, Pp. 1-115.

BLAISE, S. DE Contribution a l'étude caryologique et palynologique de quelques Thyméléacées. Rev. Gen. Bot.

66:109-

Eo. ^ AND A.E. VAN WYK. 1996 [1997]. Palynology of the genus Passerina (Thymel ): relationships f

and function. Grana 35:335-346.

BRICKELL, C.D. AND B. MATHEW. 1976. Daphne: the genus in the wild and in cultivation. Alpine Garden Society, Woking

(England).

BURT, B.L. 1936. A note on the Himalayan Daphnes. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936:433-440.

EROTMAN, G. 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm; Chronica Botanica Co.,

Waltham BE

ERDTMAN, G. 1 thod ised description. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 54:561-564.

HALDA, J.J. Mn e genus Papline. SEN, Dobré (Czech iios

HER8ER, B.E. 2002. Pollen morphology of the Thymel to itst y. Pl. Syst. Evol. 232:107-121.

Hesse, M., H. HALBRITTER, R. ZETTER, M. WEBER, R. Bakik A. FROSCH-RADIVO, AND S. ULRICH. 2009. Pollen terminology: an

illustrated handbook. Springer, Wien and New Yo

HO, PH. 1992. Thymelaeaceae. In: i AMEN ed. "iti di Cambodge du Laos et du Viétnam, fasc. 26. Muséum national

d'hist Paris Pp.3

HODGSON, B.H. 1832. On the native (saine of making the paper, denominated in Hindustan, Nipalese. J. Asiat. Soc.

Bengal 1:8-11.

Hou, D. 1960. Thymelaeaceae. In: C.G.G.J. van Steenis, ed. Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, vol. 6, part 1. P. Noordhoff, Groningen

(Netherlands). Pp. 1-48

, J.C. 1830. 1 d aes D. : Longman Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, London.

E J. DE. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis. Typis et expensis academicis, Lisbon

NER, S.S. 1991. Morphological variation in Hawaiian Wikstroemia Ke MSA Syst. Bot. 16:693-704.

ony 1835. Sur la structure et les formes des grains de pollen. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot, sér. 2, 3:148-180, 220-236,

346.

NAR, PKK. 1970. Pollen morphology of angiosperms; a historical and phylogenetic study. Scholar Publishing House,

Lucknow (India).

KE, JW, V. PATEL, AND J.J. SKVARLA. 1985. Pollen morphology and the relationships of Aétoxylon, Amyxa, and

pu to the Thymelaeaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 72:1106-11

W, PP. HOEN, S. BLACKMORE, S. NILSSON, AND A. LE THOMAS. 2007. Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev.

Palaeobot. Palynol. 143:1-81.

5 , ZS. 2009-onwards. A world checklist of Thymelaeaceae. http:/ pi g/Project/Thymel e

is cessed October 2011

ps H. AND A. de Hen. e A — pad the flowering plants in India. Publications Information Directorate

(Council ^

Delhi bg d

SMTH, Ww, AND G.H. Cave. 1913. A not the Himal phne. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6:45-54.

Wach a 1840, ll bases e a Mss 1, pare: J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart and London.

Wan Y, p oe nts. Asiat. Res. 13:369-415. fne

13. S " Buen, B. Marie, AND p p» Wn: 2007. Daphne. In: W. Zhengyi and PH. Raven, eds. Flora of China, vol.

Er Press, B ijing den Press, St. Louis. Pp. 230-245

Te55,

BOOK REVIEW

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byl human perspective. For each

— ain is at mene one photo, ane for some, two or sepsis photos The book ends with a glossary of terms,

1 nda general lindex.

This book does not contis a key to families or species; ae itis abia to be a field reference for pe

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Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 642, 2011

STUDY OF THE COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMY OF THE SPECIES

OF AMPHOROGYNACEAE, CERVANTESIACEAE, NANODEACEAE,

SANTALACEAE, AND THESIACEAE

Carlos A. Norverto

c E EA r rA

D £, ai. AL Di P

Echeverría 2048, Ciudad de Buenos, i 1428, ARGENTINA

orveagmail.c

ABSTRACT

This work } fu dary xyl f 56 species of 19 genera belonging to Amphorogynaceae, Cervantesiaceae,

Niñoadearese Cantal TL 3 1 1 S M AIO 1 A LAE D 2 E 1

and g 2010) YF

pecie: dentified and 1 A with l i ith fe li vessels, vessels

+ 24 o r e x o r o

in dendrit p ly Jodi homl if lia, Pyrularia, M hilos obl 1 Mid licifoli ), 1 g fil with simple to bordered pits,

vasicentric t ide f. E sh . : 1.34 1 Lifal; D. y iaa 1 «1 Y EL 2 ESA,

r J J £ r

ose sig brevillei, Scleroy 1 Pilgeri lag iensis) p B with solitary vessels, vasicentric tracheids, fiber-

trachei F añil Cc. ; 3: 1 1 ve : F 1 : ccd 1

E eo o t r t

according to thei ical cl belong p B. Myoschilos oblongum is part of Santalaceae (Group B) but anatomical characters

are same as os Te E F ree E n E A E R

Ait Ve ALLALI P P *

Myoschilo: 14 : 1 1

RESUMEN

| presente trabajo compara la anatomía del cin —— de m — pi 19 ae SS a KH

1. 2010). S

ntesiaceae, Nanodeaceae, Santalaceae, i

teres anatómicos típicos para cad d blecer d d 1 do a dict " "t

E P 5 or E

ee — P n d xi 1 Ld. 1 bif. pata E "as Mq t. g A Mid,

salicifolia), fibr. : oA oA : RO 1

borde E

adas (exce epto ¢ en Acanthosyris Cervantesia tomentosa, s Jodina rhombifolia, P Pyrularia y Sclerop ) pe traqueidas (excepto en

yrularia, Okoubaka aubrevillei. S p litari 1 vasicéntricas Min con

L3 Y O e

cs Iberiformes c con a ad EP pct A pertenece a C i g

7 r 4 f v r

con excepci 3i do ed 1 4 i l Grupo B Myoschilos ob-

lon [s 4 -

cool lid Santalaceae ( B) 5mi ] i Cervanteciaceae. I lel d d

Y t -

especi z 2» 1 : Lie R M hil, bl á ad 1 i

o Y -

nde no hay Pun en invierno.

INTRODUCTION

Lect of this paper is to provide new inf ion about the bigis npo E Pr — belonging to

EC ries Nicl & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, ^

of the y ie earn) ont & pns and — R. bos Mos ah aim e Me ou as a wen indias

t the order Santalales (Nickrent

tal 2010), This ¢ classification is beset on results from ae puoi. investigations and brings to-

Ee currently available information that contributes to our understanding of relationships among these

ts. The species studied are Acanthosyris e A. Pon - A. pou of temperate South America;

e tesi tomentosa of And South America: J Uruguay, an d Argentina;

um aubrevillei of tropical Africa; Pilgerina madagascariensis c of ducis god Pyrularia pubera of the

tern U.S. and P. chuis d |ui Pu yrum walicl f India, southeast

sand Malesia: Buckle f rn U.S.; Thesium lineatum d Namibia ana South Africa; Mida

cadunt from m Zealand to died yn Fernandez Islands, pam reinwardtiana of Papua New

, Indonesia; Colpoon compre-

EL S

Ms Inst, Texas 5(2) 643 — 659. 2011

I Bx. E soa) D hl inetituet £T, río

644 w3

sum of South Africa; Eubrachi bi f South America (A tina, Uruguay, and south Brazil); Exocarpos

brachystachys, E. bidwillii, E. ples ce E. vitensis of ci Asia and Malaysia to Hawaii; Leptomeria

billardieri and L. spinosa of Australia; Myoschilos oblongum of Argentina and E ada bs 6 peo of

Europe, Mediterranean, Africa, and China; and Santalum L., 16 taxa from I

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In total, 56 species of Cervantesiaceae Nickrent & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, Nanodeaceae Nickrent & Der,

Amphorogynaceae (Stauffer ex Stearn) Nickrent & Der, l representing 19 genera, were investi-

mi Hn light lotio (LN 1) d g microsc Opy (SEM).

in dried condition. They were boiled in water, stored in 5096 aqueous ethyl

alcohol, and suci for 3 days in ethylenediamine (Kukachka 1977) prior to being sectioned; sections were

prepared with a sliding microtome. Some sections were stained with safranin and counterstained with fast

green before being pres on slides, Eis sections were dried between clean glass slides, sputter coated

with gold, and microscope. Macerations were prepared with Jeffrey’s fluid

(Jeffrey 1917) and stained with safranin-fast green

All quantitative data are based on 25 measurements per feature. Terminology follows that of the [AWA

Committee on Nomenclature (1964). For each sample, the collector name is listed first, followed by the wood

collection number preceded by a code from Stern's Index testet T and then the locality. The sources

of the specimens studied are in Table 1 (some codes, localities an known)

RESULTS

Descriptions of the anatomiaj es are based on mature wood samples. A summary of selected ana-

t the 56 in Table 2.

Growth ring botoduries generally indistinct or absent, but distinct growth rings observed in Pyrularia

pubera (Fig. 1A), Exocarpos bidwillii, Santalum spicatum (Fig. 1B), Buckleya distichophylla, and Myoschilos ob-

sch (Fig. De

rosity i f the species, except Jodina rhombifoli g. 1D), Pyrularia (Fig. 1A), Myoschilos

alnus (Fig. 1C), and Buckleya distichophylla (Fig. 7E) EUR porous

Vessels small to very small, average tangential diameter (20-100 vi TANG rhombifolia and Leptomeria

have the narrowest vessels (20-22 um) and Scleropyrum the widest (86 um). Vessel element length is short

(100—300 pm): Leptomeria (243 um) zS the longest vessel elements, followed by Scleropyrum (163 pm);

Myoschilos oblongum (127 um) had th Scleropyrum has the least number of vessels per mm? (12 ves-

sels per mm?) (Fig. 1E) and 1 pt ia has the larg ber of vessels per mm? (244 vessels per mm?) (Fig

1F)

Exclusively solitary ] i ftl ies (Fig. 1E, 2A), but Acanthosyris (Fig. 2B), Okoubaka

rt (ig 78. and Mida saliciolia (Fig. = have vessels ir in Tadia b Takeran PERET (Fig.

mis the

us species of the Shialacese that does not have exclusively doldis vessels and vessels occur in short gut

multiples of 2-4 (Fig. 1C). Mida salicifolia has radial multiples of 4 or more and clusters (Fig. 2D).

Jodina rhombifolia (Fig. 1D), Pyrularia (Fig. 1A), Myoschilos oblongum (Fig. 1C), and Mida salicifolia Fig

2D) have vessels in dendritic pattern.

Simple perforation plates in all species; o do pondon pieni in emis distichoplo

Leptomeria, and Santalum hendersonense (Fig. 2E). M

10-20 anastomosing bars (Fig. 2F

Vessel outline was angular (Fig 1F), circular (Fig. 3A) or oval (Fig. 3B) and the position of the perforation

: can be ni oblique (Fig. 30) Lomas or senos (Fig. bs depending on each specie

I PI g. 3E). Cervantesia neu de

elahrata h 1 1 1.3

polyg pits (Fig. 3F). Denman reinwardtiana, Myoschilos oblongum, Thesium

plate

645

(1988), and locality. si

Taxon Collector & No. Index Xylariorum Locality

Code

Acanthosyris glabrata (Stapf) Stauffer Dugand s.n. (SJRw 27095) Colombia

Dugand s.n (SJRw 28474) Colombia

Dugand s.n (SJRW 29686) Colombia

: gand (SJRw 32393) Colombia

Acanthosyris falcata Griseb. Venturi 952 (LILw) rev Prov., Argentina

(SJRw 1113) Argen

Z S. (SJRw 15012) Buenos Are Prov., Argentina

ee División Forestal (Baw) Argent

pei sie rverto 16, 17, 18 (BAw) Entre Ríos Prov., Argentina

ophylla (Nutt. pe Torr. LJ. Musselman Virginia, U.S.A

Cervantesia tomentosa Ruiz & P. A. Dugand s.n (SJRW 28474) Colombia

A. Dugand s.n (SJRW 29686) Colombia

A. Dugand s.n (SJRW 32393) olombia

Colpoon compressum PJ. ni Pappe s.n. (Kw 15407) South Africa

Dendromyza reinwardt B. Hyland 9519, (SMHI 1739)

D n E ser Susanne Kaplan s.n.

ans Miq DLN 4017

fubrachion ambiguum Nickrent 2699 :

(Hook. & Arn ) Engl ee

Exocarpos bidwillii Hook. f. Carlquist 5545

pos brachystachys Hillebr. Carlquist 1899 38946) Hawaii, U.S.A

b (SJRw 26283) W. Maui, aii, U.S.A.

Cupressiformis Lab. w 1541 Victoria, Australi

(USw 949) w South Wales, Australia

(SJRw 1 ) New South Wales, Australia

Div. of Forest Products (SJRw 33466) Victoria, Australia

ts Col. A.C. Simth s.n (USw 30483) ij

ifolia ok: & Arn. Mantese s.n. (BAw 55899, Chaco Prov., Argentina

55901, 55903)

Venturi 388b W Tucumán Prov., —

OZZO S.N. (Baw 52256) Córdoba Prov., Argen

Norverto 20, 21, 22 (BAw) Buenos Aires Prov., gen

Del Vitto 994 (Baw) San Luis Prov., die

Schuel s.n. (Kw 15425) northern Argen

Leptomeria (Usw 4184) Catamarca Pov Agent

nt pes R. Br. Walker s.n. (Kw 15427) Hobart, Tasma

icifolia nn. c Fusanus ni ie Sm New Zealand. DLN 4307

inghamii et Hook. 5

um Ruiz et Pav. Brion s.n (BAw 144) Río Negro Prov., Argentina

Rotkugel s.n. (SJRw 1744) Patagonia, Argentina

on ase a Bullock s.n. (Usw 15356) Chile. DLN 4:

villej men & Normand Xylariorum 158 Odii, Ghana, Africa

(SJRw 31899) East Africa

Osyris alba L. S Za frica

oe lanceolat Playfair s.n. (Kw 15428) Algeri

a eal & Steud. (PFPw 5143) Aci uni Africa

i ud ochst. & Steud. (= Schweingruber s.n. (SMHI s.n.) Murcia, Espan

tat |

Osyris t alzm. ex Decne

Osyris vightiana Pool (USw V11836) Tanganyika, East Africa

T (SJRw 29410) Kilimandscharo, Tanganyika,

Pilgerina madag East Africa

ZS. Rogers, Ni Scariensis Rabenatoandro et al.

Maia edi er o 315A

ar (Kw 15431) Darjeeling, India

Santalum alk Michx. (MADw 15725) West Virginia, U.S.A.

t (Kw 15434) Mysore, India

(USw 37761) India

646

TABLE 1. Continued.

I ee See

Taxon Collector & No. Index Xylariorum Locality

Code

Santalum austrocaledonicum Vieill. (USw w4760) New Caledonia

(SJRw 13991)

(SJRw 14316)

Santalum cuneatum Rock (SJRw 29753) Hawaii, U.S.A.

Santalum ellipticu (SJRw 1902)

Santalum fernandezianum F. Phil Meyer s.n. (USw 34036) Juan Fernandez Islands

Santalum freycinetianum Gaud. Carlquist 1918 (USw 38950) Hawaii, U.S.A.

(SJRw 1902) Hawaii, U.S.A.

Carlquist (USw 15344)

Carlquist 598 (RSA)

Santalum freycinetianum var. Stern & Carlquist 1278 (USw 25976)

pyrularium (Gray) L. Stemmermann

522 (RSA)

Santalum freycinetianum var. (SJRw 26249)

lanaiense Roc

Santalum haleakalae Hillebr. Carlquist 548 (USw 15319) Maui, Hawaiian Islands

Santalum hendersonense F. Br. i (SJRw 37304) Hendreson ls.

Santalum insulare var. raiateense (SJRw 24861);

(J. Moore) Fosberg & Sachet (SJRw 24295)

Santalum insulare var. (SJRw 24369)

marchionense (Skottsb.) Skottsb.

Santalum lanceolatum R. Br. (Usw 21172)

Santalum paniculatum Hook. & Arn. (USw w5630) Hawaiian Islands

Santalum yasi Seem. (USw30349)

Santalum spicatum A. DC. = Eucarya F. du s.n. 154 Western Australia

spicata (R. Br.) Spr. et Summerh

(Kw 15424) Western Australia

Baron F. von Mueller s.n. (Kw 15412) S.W. Australia

F y Commission s.n (USw 22403) Western Australia

(USw 4031) Western Australia

(USw W-8802) Western Australia

Scleropyrum walichianum Ait. Wright (Kw 15452) Ceylon

Ridsdale 485 (USw s.n.) South India

Scleropyrum maingayi Hook. f. (USw 28364)

Thesium lineatum L.f. (RSA 4627a) South Africa

lineatum, and Mida salicifolia also have scalariform intervessel pits (Fig. 4A). Apertures are sometimes coales-

cent (Fig. 3E; 4B).

Vessel-ray pits are of two distinct sizes and types in the same ray cell, distinctly bordered pits and other

large pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple, pits rounded (Fig. 4C). There are also vessel-ray

pits with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits (Fig. 4D). Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders t0

apparently simple; pit outline rounded prese

nit :1 n J 1

vessel

VESD.

FP ALCI ALL

nt in Okoubaka aubrevillei (Fig. 7B). Acanthosyris glabrata has

(Norverto 1993)

2 t

Tails are present or absent on vessels. Various species have helical thickenings in vessel elements (Fig.

4E). Vessel walls helically thickened and vestured in A

mney Takt : 1: 1 e [NA

E" N

tyloses (Fig. 1B).

(Norverto 1993). There are also species with

tcalfe & Chalk 1950; Patel 1974) (Fig. 4F). Some species have

Parenchyma. Most of the species have diffuse apotracheal axial parenchyma (Fig. 1E). Some species d

pu Jen Santalum, and Okoubaka aubrevillei have diffuse in aggregates axial parenchyma (Fig. 5A; 7A).

c E iow 1 i

yia

Generally, the ies]

ved in Buckleya distichophylla (Fig. 7 F), Osyris alba, and O. wightian®

ta, Osyris alba, O. lance?

lata and O. wightiana have axial parenchyma confluent (Fig. 5B). Acanthosyris falcata and Cervantesia tomentost

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Norverto, Wood anatomy of species in five families (Santalales)

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Sog of the wood structure in Santalaceae. A, Pyrularia pubera, growth ring boundaries distinct and wood ring-porous, vessels in

em, transvers

"9 boundaries 4 ine (TS); B, Santalum spicatum, growth ring boundaries indistinct, tyloses in vessels, TS; C, Myoschilos oblongum, oi wth

berri “distinct and wood ring-porous and to semi-ring-porous, vessels in diagonal to dendritic pattern, TS; D, Jodina rhombifolia, vessels in

Mary vessel Py s san um walichianum, solitary vessel outline oval, axial parenchyma diffuse, and wide rays, TS; F, Leptomeria sent

outline angular,

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

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Fie.2. LM micrographs of the wood structure in Santalaceae. A, Santalum freycinetianum var. pyrularium, solitary vessel outline oval, TS; B, Aca”

ppt vessels in radial multiples, TS; C, Cervantesia tomentosa, vessels in radial multiples, TS; D, Mida salicifolia, vessels in radial dendritic

; E, Leptomeria billardieri, rimmed perforation plate, TS; F, Mida salicifolia, scalariform perforation plate, maceration.

\orverto, Wood anatomy of species in five families (Santalales)

me,

^.»

AE TINTY:!

+ bow

M , i

aie

sen; .

ees (A-C-F) and SEM micrographs (B-D) of the wood structure in Santalaceae. A, Santalum miradas preso ew

" v TS; B, Osyris abyssinica, solitary vessel outline oval, TS; C, Leptomeria billarderi, perforation plates ob sos 2 piri

ection RS). E = is spinescens, perforation plates horizontal and pits with borders greatly reduced to very = y nA ^s huk Ti.

1 "Acanthosyris falcata, intervessel pits alternate, RLS; F, Acanthosyris glabrata, intervessel pits, shape of alternate pits poly '

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

i i ie i 3 a us " bum,

Fic. 4. SEM micrographs of the wood structure in Santalaceae. A, Myoschilos oblongum, intervessel pits scalariform, RLS; B, Santalum alum. indué

and

coalescent apertures; C, Cervantesia tomentosa, vessel-ray pits of two distinct sizes and types in the same ray cell, TLS; D, Santalum :

var. lanaiense, vessel-ray pits with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size, RLS; E, Pyrularia edulis, helical thickenings in vessel

F, Santalum insulare var. raiateense, thickenings around bordered pits, RLS

emen TS

Norverto, Wood anatomy of species in five families (Santalales)

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m am (A-E) and SEM micrographs (F) of the wood structure in Santalaceae. A, Exocarpos brachystachys, solitary vessels, —

Rid hé ane TS; B, Acanthosyris glabrata, vessels commonly in radial multiples, axial parenchyma confluent, TS; C, Acanthosyris akata,

SE - and scanty paratracheal parenchyma, TS; D, Exocarpos vitensis, narrow rays, prismatic crystal in cham ered axial parenchyma

romyza reinwardtiana, druses in axial parenchyma cells, RLS; F, Dendromyza reinwardtiana, druses in axial parenchyma cells, TS.

654 J | of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5()

h ial p hyma bands with than 3 cells wide (Fig. 5C). Mida salicifolia 1 ial ]

row bands from 1 to 2 cells wide (Fig. 2D).

oe of the ice is gd 2 to ¥, cells per parenchyma strand. jede pare cells are

i, Dendrotrophe

found in Scl ion ambigunn. Acanthosyris, Ol

varians, Excarmes. aded yasi, ae Mida salicifolia have ? or more ré pateni r cells "Pes strand. In

Acanthosyris and C walls

Primate ia: in seas parenchyma seb of $ glabrata, D lromy i Ati d Colpoon com-

pressum. Pri fE I cupressi

E. latifolius, E. vitensis, and Santalum (Fig. 5D). ua in axial AS cells of co spinescens,

Dendromyza podia and jo dics madagscariensis (Fig. 5E, F). Crystals in idioblasts were observed in

Col

Rays usually 1 to 3 cells wide. 5 4 to 10 cells ees in TETES Buckleya pu Cervantesia

tomentosa, Jodina rhombifolia, Scleropyrum, F. } illii, N M blongum, Osyris alba, an

album (Fig. 6A). Selerooviunt maingayi and S. illa may | | 10 a wide (Fig, 1E).

os: pepa Leptomeru, tyrularig, parida spicatum. ang Santat cuneatum have rays

bent body cells land over 4 rows of upright Tace cells ( (Fig. 7C). Aggregate rays were only Me in

Cervantesia tomentosa (Fig. 6C). Type heterogeneous (Kribs II) to homogeneous (Kriks I). All species have rays

irregularly storied (Fig. 6D).

Perf d rays cells in Acant) is fal , A. spniescens, Scleropyrum, Leptomeria Exocarpos latifolius, E

bidwillii, Myoschilos obl , Osyris abyssinica, Pyrularia, and Santalum spicatum (Fig. 6E) (Rao etal. 1984)

Prismatic Severe in in a parenchyma cells in Acanthosyris falcata, A. glabrata, Cervantesia tomentosd,

Jodina menaje es pets ponant, pape ade varians, and Osyris tenuifolia (Fig

6F). Pri rtrophe varians. Druses in ray parenchyma

cells present in odna rhombifolia (Norverto 1993) and Okoubaka dtl (Fig. 7D).

Libriform fibers present in Acanthosyris, Cervantesia tomentosa, Jodina rhombifolia, Pyrularia, Okoubaki

aubrevillei, Scleropyrum, and Pilgerina madagascariensis. Septate fibers were fub in Cervantesia tomentosi

(Fig. 6G) and observed by Butterfield et al. (1976) in some species of genus M

Fiber-tracheids present in most of the species except Pyrularia, rud aubrevillei, Scleropyrum, a

Pilgerina madagascariensis.

Vasicentric tracheids present in most of the species, except in Acanthosyris, Cervantesia tomm

Jodina rhombifolia, Pyrularia, and Scleropyrum. Vasicentric tracheids thin-walled, lumen wide and

tinctly bordered pits in Myoschilos onge and paco sprint Mec ME rest with vasicentric t tracheids

thick-walled, lumen narrow and small to medium hardered nite and included anertures

DISCUSSION

Most i haracterized by the ab col growth rings but ies do have growth rings. RS

1949). 1. A AGA Ef

1 Santalum, and Patel (1974) indicated absence in Exo

bidwillii, unlike aka was obsctedi in this study.

The diameter and density of vessels have consequences in conductive efficiency and safety es

1977, 1988). Most species have vessel diameters that are very narrow to narrow. The narrowest vessels

highest number per mm? occur in rau Jodina rhombifolia, Thesium lineatum, and Myoschilos oblongu""

wider vessels and fewer number per mm? are present in Scleropyrum. Santalum and Osyris, with the gu

number of species distributed in diverse THUS. have vessels with tangential diameter between 30 to od p

and a density of 23 to 80 vessels per mm?

The taxa with solitary vessels are : Santalum, FXDett pos, Osyris, Colpoon, Thesium lineatum, Leptomers

and Scleropyrum, and those with nthosyris , Cervantesia tomentosa, Jodina -—

Jolia, Buckleya distichophylla, Pyrularia, Mochilas blongum, and Mida salicifolia (Metcalfe 1935; Swamy I

Norverto, Wood anatomy of species in five families (Santalales)

Peepers ..... o

¿e S59

200 um

9n1-)

Sota of the wood structu

e, TLS: "

"sp se + G Cervantesia tomentosa, aggregate rays, TLS; D, Jodina

»Xléropyrum walichianum,

re in Santalaceae. A, Acanthosyris spinescens, larger rays commonly 4 to 10-seriate, TLS; B, Pyrularia pubera,

ina rhombifolia, rays irregulary storied, TLS; E, Pyrularia edulis, perforated

prismatic crystals in cells, RLS; G, Cervantesia tomentosa, fiber walls, TLS.

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

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Fic. 7. LM micro amm

ú fne ines "ipse steven cui Santalaceae. A, Okoubaka aubrevillei, vessels in radial multiples

iaaa ii pagan ~ ray pits with reduced borders to apparently simple, pit ies rounded, (RLS);

ells and over 4 rows of uprigh d

pra pright marginal cells, RLS;

eya distichophylla, semi-ring porous, TS; F, parle Absence of iba —Ó

chyma C cells,

£ . $- $e £. "n ic

Norverto, Wood y of sp (Santalales) 657

Metcalfe & Chalk 1950). The presence of vessel groupings and lack of solitary vessels is a xeromorphic

Se erate et ak 1937; Baas et pe 1985; Carlquist 1966, mii 1960, Wee Webber 1936). Carlquist (1966)

sed

tila

“Perforation plates are simple in all species and in Mida salicifolia there are e also ponlatiiorm plates (Patel

1974). The species with solitary vessels, except Scleropyrt rum,

Tails on vessel elements may be present and/or sbtent depending on the species: Samy (1949) showed

absence of tails for Exocarpos, but they were observed by Patel (1974) and in the present study.

Helical thickenings in vessel elements were observed in Acanthosyris glabrata, A. spiniscens, Cervantesia

tomentosa, and Jodina rhombifolia (Record & Hess 1943), Pyrularia (Swamy 1949), Dendrotrophe varians,

Exocarpos bidwillii (Patel 1974), Myoschilos oblongum, Osyris alba, O. quadripartita, Santalum album, S. insulare,

S. ee cooricum, $. Bdlechaloe, Santalum spicatum, and Mida salicifolia. Helical thickenings in vessel ele-

dry and "oe temperate regions enm yeni

Patel (1974 identified helical thicl l t tails of E 1 l thick

enings gi eig me pits a extend laterally. Mense sad Chalk (1950) n mention striations due to the

enal 1£

g the first

time in Sentalum album d S. insulare (Fig. Ds

The families g laxial hyma, which Kribs (1937) considered to be a

primitive fi Acanthosvris elabrat doi alba, O Loci and O. wiphttana have unas axial paren-

Le]

chyma. Scler, Bib: Ea A B EEE, d

* y

The species in relation to the fil ight ł idered primitive, because the viet indicating

that fiber-tracheids are the most common pritxitive character; a few species have libriform fibers (Metcalfe &

Chalk 1950, 1983; Vliet et al. 1981).

There is a correlation a the occurrence ss p ern € bsc ga og ng a

(Carlquist 1984). p^

1944), and Pyrularia lack i i heids, and they Nee l group

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the characters of vessels, vasi i heids. fibers, and th ial and arenchyma, the studied

, JP )

Species are Spied in two groups:

GROUP A:

1 thi A 4

esent i with few solitary,

(only Jodina rhombifolia, urbina, Myoschilos oblongum, and Mida pino bd fibers with single: to bor-

pits, vasicentric tracheids (except in Acanthosyris, Cervantesia tomentosa, Jodina rhombifolia, Pyrularia,

and Sc dis E tracheids — in uid Aba Okoubaka aubrevillei, Scleropyrum, and Pilgerina mada-

Bascariensis

aua (width 3 to 6 cells) Heterogeneous (Kribs Type II) with one

or more squ la 2 *

1 : 1 Lu

WO1 UDTIPTIL

Species in G Group A: Acanthosyris falcata, A. iiaii, A. glabrata, Buckleya distichophylla, Cervantesia

o odina rhombifolia, Myoschilos oblongum, Okoubaka aubrevillei, Pyrularia edulis, P. pubera, and

madagascariensis.

i “ovr his gr f f ith solitary vessel, outline angular, oval, and

ii Vasicentric tracheids very thick-walled, Files and with el pits; fiber-tracheids with bor-

Pits and coalescent apertures; uniseriate and multiseriate rays (2 to 4 cells wide), Heterogeneous (Kribs

Ype Il) to Homogeneous (Kribs Type D.

ambiguum in Group B: Colpoon compressum, Dendromyza reinwardtiana, Dendrotrophe varians, Eubrachion

Mida Ete bidwillii, E. brachystachys, E. cupressiformis, E. vitensis, Leptomeria billardieri, L. spinosa,

folia, Osyris abyssinica, O. alba, O. lanceolata, O. quadripartita, O. tenuifolia, O. wightiana, Santalum

ne »S. austrocaledoni icum, S. cuneatum, S. ellipticum S. fernandezianum, S. freycinetianum, S. freycinetianum

Pyrularium, LX frey

cinetianum var. lanaiense, S. haleakalae, S. hendersonense, S. insulare var. raiateense, S.

* Var. marchionense S. lanceolatum, S. paniculatum, S. yasi, S. spicatum, Scleropyrum walichianum, S. main-

658 1 1 £44 D SY Lt p ET. 5(2)

gayi, and Thesium lineatum.

The wood anatomy of Group A species sh hic cl han th ies of GroupB

Most a of ae A sie ceed to Cervantesiaceae (Nickrent et al 2010) based on the new v classifica ex-

g to their anatomical characters, belong to Group B. These differ-

ences were also observó by Swamy (1949) and Metcalfe and Chalk (1950). Okoubaka has affinity with

Pyrularia and Scleropyrum based on habit, fruit, and wood anatomy (Stauffer 1957). In the present study,

Okoubaka aubrevillei has affinity with Pyrularia, Acanthosyris, and Jodina.

Myoschilos oblongum is part of Group A but the wood anatomy characters are completely different from

the rest s ses speres eS Aue oma (Group 2 poem to the new oem: (Nickrent et al. 2010).

O y ww D water ail the

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Sherwin Carlquist for hi luabl g id without whicl I could n not | 1 1i LANDS:

research 12 1 Eq E Nickrent for 1 RI phylog y fel p : 34k A

he sent me to study. I greatly appreciate tl 2 oe

REFERENCES

BAAS, P., E WERKER, AND A. FAHN. 1983. S | | characters. IAWA Bull. n.s. 4:141-159.

BUTTERFIELD B.G. AND B.A. MEYLAN. 1976. The occurrence of suwan fibers in some New Zealand woods. N.Z. J. Bot.

14:123-30

CARLQUIST, S. 1966. Wood anatomy of Compositae: a summary with comment on factors lling wood evolution.

Aliso 2:25-44

CARLQUIST, S. 1977. Ecological f. i ] luti floristic apy h. Amer. J. Bot. 64:887-96.

CARLQUIST, S. 1980. Further pts i logical j y, with t | d lution. Aliso

9:499—553.

CARLQUIST, S. 1984. V | ing in dicotyledon d: signifi d relationship to imperforate tra hueary ele-

ments. Aliso 10: 505-525.

CARLQUIST, S. 1988. C ystemati

Springer-Verlag. Berlin & Heidelber

rg.

CHALK, L. AND M. PHIL. 1937, The phylogenetic value of certain anatomical features of dicotyledons woods. Ann. Bot.

1(3):409-428.

IAWA COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE. 1964. Multilingual glossary of terms used in wood anatomy. Verlagbuchanstalt

Konkordia, Winterhur, Switzerland.

JEFFREY, E.C. 191 r TM TM of word fn. laci i Thiago dci Gimeno?

E xs fA; dadan wood.

ecoloaical

4 Y r b La

KRIBS, D.A. 1937 f dicotyledons. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club

64:177-186. T y

KUKACHKA, B.F. 1977. Sectioni woods for anatomical studies. USDA F Service Res. Note FPL-0236, 9PP

(also Microscopia Acta 80: 301- id 1978),

METCALFE, C.R. 1935. The str D xl P ented

f some other little-known s¢

woods. Kew Bull. 4:165-195.

METCALFE, C.R. AND L. CHALK. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, ed. 1, vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

METCALFE, C.R. AND L. CHALK. 1983. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, ed. 2, vol. 2. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

NICKRENT, D.L, V. MALECOT, R. T decus m $ DER. 2010. A vidange classification of Santalales. Taxon 59: 538-558.

— D. 1944. e Bull. Soc. Bot. France 91:20-5. [Okoubako

É 4 L L I;

tale i +h

VuU yenta

E b ]

NORVERTO, C.A. 1993. Wood anatomy and relationships of Santalaceae |. Acanthosyris, Jodina, and Myoschilos.

13:499-511

PATEL, R.N. 1974. Wood anatomy of the dicotyledons indigenous to New Zealand. 7. Santalaceae. New Zealand J. Bo

12:431-443.

RAO R.V, B. SHARMA, AND R. DAYAL. 1984. Occurrence of perforat Santal IAWA Bull. n.s. 5:313-316

RECORD, S.J. AND R. HESS. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Yale Univ. Pes New Haven, CT.

Aliso

£ . mer £. oH Ic C aes |

Norverto, Wood y of sp ( ) 659

STAUFFER, H.U. 1957. Santalales-Studien |. Zur Stellung der Gattung Okoubaka Pellegrin et Normand. Ber. Schweiz. Bot.

Ges. 67:422-42

STAUFFER, H.U. 1961. Santalales studien V. Afrikanische Santalaceae I. Osyris, Colpoon und Rhoiacarpos. Vierteljahrsschr.

Naturf. Ges. Zürich ee MT -400.

STAUFFER, H.U. 1969. S dien X. Ampl gy ine Neue Tribus der Santalaceae. Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges.

Zürich 114:49-76.

STERN, W.L. 1988. Index norum -3. Institutional wood secan of me world. |. A W.A. Bull., n.s., 9:203-252.

Swamy, B.G.L. 1949. p morphology of th y xylem, and pollen. Amer. J. Bot.

36:661-673.

VutT, G. VAN, J. KOEK-NOORMAN, AND B. TER WELLE. 1981. Wood anatomy, classification and phylogeny of the

ccpit Blumea 4 mada

WEBBER, I.E. 1 1e d py d desert plants of California. Amer. J. Bot. 23:18-188.

BOOK REVIEW

Roy L. LEHMAN, RUTH O'BRIEN, AND TAE WHITE. 2009. Plants of the Texas Coastal Bend. (ISBN 978-1-

60344-130-9, pbk.). Texas A&M Uni Press, John H. Lindsey Bldg., Lewis Street, 4354 TAMU, College

Station, Texas, 77843-4354, U.S.A. lei www.tamupress.com; 800-826-8911). $29.95, 368 pp., in-

cludes CD-ROM, 65 line drawings, 1 b/w photo, 6" x 9".

This second printing of Plants of the Texas Coastal Bend by Lehman et al. expands and updates the classic text

Flora of the Texas Coastal Bend (1975) by Fred B. Jones. The “Texas Coastal Bend" includes all or parts of twelve

Texas counties, including Aransas, Bee, Brooks, Goliad, m ies ange oie Live Oak, Nueces,

Refugio, San Patricio and Victoria. The text includes nearly 70 indi g with a co

disc with more than 750 color photographs. In all, about 1,150 speci d varieti included. The bookis

limited to trees, shrubs, vines, and wildflowers, but does not cover grasses as they have been well treated in

other books.

The book is broken down into three main parts: an introduction (how to use keys, limits of the region,

geology, climate, history of vegetation), the keys to the families, and species descriptions. These main parts are

followed by an ki dos that noue a Ast of oot pute on re ee CD, a glossary, bibliogra-

phy, and index. The book i d tl lly by family, genus and species.

The plants are characterized he appearance size, eae occurrence, soi dna flowering period, and for

non-native species, place of origin. The sci nes, Wipff, and Montgomery's (1997)

Vascular Plants of Texas. Common names are provided, as well as extra information on rare and threatened

plants. The keys were designed to be simple enough for amateur naturalists or botany students to correctly

identify plants in the region.

To say that this book comes with a “companion” CD would be a bit of an understatement. Practically

speaking, the reader will likely be soda the vd a pen the text ig lr when identifying

plants. The CD's plant imag plant identification. The CD

that came with this review copy did contain a a errors. Pur some aes the file extension is not complete

and the image will not — ey, there is an easy fix. For example, opening up the folder for Asteraceae,

you will see many i few blank ones. For the blank images, they have a file name, such as “Cirsium

texanum flower whines jp.” Change to “Cirsium texanum flower white.jpeg” and the image will appear.

Overall, this is a solid resource for those botanizing the Texas coastal bend. The book is predominantly

made up of the keys and species descriptions, thus it is not a 4 practical field pade, inis more beipiuli in the her-

barium. If you work in the Gulf Coast of Texas, tl and scie

tific plant identifications, whether you are a trained botanist, an Min naturalist, or r layperson. —Kevin

Janni, SWCA Environmental Consultants, 3901 Arlington Highlands Blvd, Suite 200, Arlington, TX 76018, kjanni

swca.com and Research Associate, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas

76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 660. 2011

LIMITATIONS TO NATURAL PRODUCTION OF LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII

(CACTACEAE) I. REGROWTH AND SURVIVORSHIP TWO YEARS POST

HARVEST IN A SOUTH TEXAS POPULATION

Martin Terry Keeper Trout Bennie Williams

Sul Ross State University Cactus Conservation Institute Cactus Conservation Institute

Department of Biology P.O. Box 561 P.O. Box 561

Alpine, Texas 79832, U.S.A. Alpine, Texas 79831, U.S.A. Alpine, Texas 79831, U.S.A.

mkterryaiw@sbcglobal.net

Teodoso Herrera

Rio Grande Native American Church

P.O. Box 46

San Antonio, Texas 78246, U.S.A.

The University of Texas a

Department of Integrative Biology C0930

Norma Fowler

t Austin

1 University Station

Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

I anhenh. Mi Y 1 1 if T 1 1

pre PY? o o

M "en PS :

y members of tl A Church he past q y pey I prog ly | ble, due in part to

Imnr, T 1 " 1 : * 1 fai 1 s 1L 1 ; $

COS S o 1 D eo E or

li. 1. (T. h 2006) tl p 1f. 1 I ly 1 1 ft, th

ek vir imd best polos were s employed. Wi ] ff f(1) | gl (a single I g luated afi

g y part), and (3) g at all. After two years, the once-harvested

group had a 00% 1 3.1 1 4 1 g I hada Gee al rate 1i ffe was not — signifi-

cant Th g tome fal 1 zis ig T ly ] g 1 1 f +} g 1 ile the re-

grown h E Ley Nor. 1 . m3 1 i } } y

o o z E

Hans Afer tmo years, th l he) ] livided i I f whicl 1 d fi

or O r v *

ond time. g p J EFIE 1 1 IL 1 1 1 1 fel ly RS 1 1 A The

I )

— 1 Xu d 31 panes 4.1 1 1 = £1: } din

eo O

¿ aS 1 1

same plants two years earlier. T} ffect of a single I g d f plant above-ground by 80%

after two years of regrowth. Th i i le in habitat where peyote i lly! d. The

annual nimh £f 1 23 z hai 3.3 11 1 1 1 1 f A al

s g

n response to harvesting But th i f th } ] 1 ket I 1 1 kedly d t early har

size g E

= : Picnic tadas

of et rgo crowns. These results h | ] are typ

i :

por ild-collected species, As as ginseng. T 1 f g

Eno fh vy 3» $4 g 1 1 g 1 1 f p E

for Sacramental eapi 1 It would al: n g h 1 Lih 14 off, ly d pp VRÀ

Production of seed for the next generation.

RESUMEN

Lophophora, i cs a E D A k

r E

ingerido i di

= miembros ^ la Meite American Church. ss rel últi to de siglo, el pe)

ha y p d | Ya ur los aspectos

anat FR 2

ue Pug Te 4.1 pey y 1 E 4 lo f pli d p ( y Mauseth

hi J E;

2006), el enfoque y : 1 x3 A 4 n 1 " 41 d 1 1 e valu-

Amos los efectos de (Mm 1 M 1 3 1 1 TUR | a c dS r9 1 (d

itc el segund od (2) 32s y de los dos años, el Y cosechado una sola vez

^d o dos años disputs a primero), y (3) n aa

mostró una tasa do 1 i d

ia ia no fue es-

elde las

Ica Serif Elt

las planta

ad Ti SUS cor

Mt Res. Inst Texas 5): 661 - 675.2011

KTZ

Ata ot 1 ^ i A 3 14 i A de D, J A. ee

ño—reduciendo así el nú d dosi id l tal. También permitiría que las coronas de

. T +11 1 a ix

INTRODUCTION

Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M. Coult. (Cactaceae), commonly known as peyote, is a small,

"wee porun cactus lune to TP e Tamaulipan Thornscrub and Chihuahuan Desert of northeastern

h Texas and Uaec ee sions al m aa A

fl By : d 135.1 1 1 1 ioa

of Mexico (e.g. Hernández 1628). The ia use of peyote for [A (Schultes 1938) anda religious

purposes (Stewart 1987) dates back to at least 6,000 years ago in the Lower Pecos region of the Chihuahuan

Desert T et al. pria Cultural, botanical, vetns AC. legal and taxonomic aspects of

) the mid-19 d by Anderson (1996).

Peyote contains more than 50 diac (Anderson 1996), which sn a iet taste to the cactus (TH,

pers, oa de That flavor, phis the fact ong some aiu the alkaloids phy gical effects that d dis be inter-

ti “E PES 1 f ctems

aka “buttons ) oli peyote, ith tl bl ptions of ils (Fig. us and humans Of the major alkaloids

L. williamsii, the y } i di l line, whose ellects on

human perceptual function v were hA by i-i (1954), ia y all-night cr of the Native

American Church, peyot g y I p ps) ti form of fresh cac-

tus, dried buttons, or tea. The pl ion of tl in th ] ous system, potentiated

by the auditory stimulation produced by traditional peyote dinis accompanied by a water drum and a gourd

rattle shaken at a particular frequency, induces a spiritually patel oa state which led the Comanche chief

Quanah Parker to sae odo eoni mi } g hurch ł and talks about Jesus,

but 1 ES RETA >

Reports of decline and din ti f l i ified the past t two de-

cades (Anderson 1995, 1996; Trout 1999; Terry & Mausen 2006; Powell et al. 2008; Terry 2008a,b,c). But no

national or international government or conservation organization currently lists L. williamsii as endangered

or even vulnerable — except for the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora (CITES), which lists all species of the Cactaceae in Appendix II, which “includes species not

necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization in:

APA bees their survival” (CITES 1973). It may be argued that L Williamsi has 4 a pus = fiir:

ti SERE s a n” (W

7 healthy PORRO E ll

Fitz Maurice, in litt. 201 1). However, those who | ong periods of time in the field observing gue ini

known populations—e.g., those populations reported aña collected by Anderson (1960, 1969) —recog” 7

that many of those populations are showing i increasing signs of deterioration (decreased size and numbers ©

individuals, and decreased Moa area A where L. williamsii can be found at all), and that the harvesting pressure

on these popul reasing (MT, KT, BW, TH, pers. obs.). It is of interest that the aigue

Mexican federal recalcó NOM- 059- SEMARNAT-2010 places L. williamsii in the conservation —

oit

which denotes that this is a species “subject to special protection” (SEMARNAT 2010). This position

Terry et al., Limitations t | production of Lophopt eee m

fic. 1a lanhanh one 2r ENIM à MES sc c dn 77 S E Miei i k zh

Dhotocunth : "SIS ] $ y sa ie $ eee ieee . xs TT : i} £f "TI lH with

- " F F J J 7 3 3

asharp instrument such as a machete, it becomes a “button” in tl ial peyote trade. Note the d gle of woolly trict ling th

apical marict el Eu um x dix s " L 1 £ x L Le AT Y7 TL n j A

in radial rows, and each such ftuberd ks the midline of a rib. TI larg have 13 ribs each. The middle-sized crown at

dottom center has eight ribs. Th il ter has five ribs. The largest crowns shown are ca. 6—7 cm in diameter.

Mexican

rnment is particularly significant because over 80% of the land comprising the geographic range

, L. williamsii is Mexican territory. The most recent and relevant deliberations of the International Union for

"s Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on updating the conservation status of cacti of the Chihuahuan Desert

nave not been finalized as of this writing (B. Goettsch, in litt. 2011).

While much of the damage to peyote at the population level has been logically—but anecdotally attrib-

uted to i : i 3 > 1 ; -ti M c re s >

“ed to improper harvesting techniques and/or excessively frequent harvesting (TH, pers. obs.), there are no

Dublished PONT ; i ES

Published studies to confirm or refute such claims or to characterize and quantify the effects of h

subseque ; ap

"> quent production of harvestable peyote in its natura

arvesting on

l habitat. There is, however, considerable interest in

CONcerwat: 7 = à ¿ : A an fee perce dy) Waren ike

onservation of peyote among cactus conservationists, including many me mbers of the Native American

irch (NAC), whose members use peyote for legally protected religious purposes (TH, pers. obs.). Since ana-

in aspects of the regrowth of peyote and best harvesting practices were explicated in a previous study

T E € P J

“TY € Mauseth 2006), the present study focused on the effects of harvesting per se (using best practices) on

survival ; »Q 3 n K P . . ^ E

val and regrowth of this species in situ in South Texas.

MATERIA

S AND METHODS

ady site was located in Jim Hogg County, Texas. within the area designated by Morgan and Stewart

JR 4 > ) o

"5 commercia] peyote range" that extends westward to the Rio Grande from a geologic feature known

“sordas Escarpment, which runs from Rio Grande City (on the Mexican border in Starr County) north to

1 1 ^f. D 1 ID LA Ai 2 a

6 i

an area about 40 miles east of Laredo, Texas. The vegetation of the study site was typical of the Tama

thornscrub that covers much of South Texas and adjacent northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. The study site e

chosen because it showed only minimal signs of previous harvesting, and because it was isolated by distance

from paved roads, which fact p dace f the risk that the study would be compromised by the

activities of peyote poachers.

One hundred peyote plants located along a belt line transect through the population were individuall

numbered and tagged. Fifty of the individuals were harvested by cutting off the crown at ground level with a

carpet knife at the beginning of the study and the other 50 individuals were left unharvested at that ume "

controls. After two years, the surviving plants in the harvested group (a total of 42 of the original v paste

were divided into t bgroups. One of these subgroups (n - 20 plants) was harvested for a second time. The

other subgroup (n = 22) was not harvested a second time.

^ y ally JO years

Data on the survivorship of plants and on crown characteristics were collected annually for two ) lant

| ; he plant

Crowns are the photosynthetic aerial portions of th baer rs coles een os

ogy welt

with a sharp instrument, are referred to as “buttons” in the peyote trade. Crown iii di |

| | | >asuring th

quantified by counting the number of crowns per plant and the number of ribs per crown, measuring

ameter of each crown, and weighing the harvested crowns in the fresh (not desiccated) state.

e di-

date. For eat h

From these data, we calculated the total biomass harvested from each plant on each harvest :

ant

| -rowns on the p

plant we counted the number of ribs on each crown, summed the rib numbers across all crowns on t I d

: | ibs per crown ^^

and divided the total by the number of crowns on the plant to obtain the mean number of ribs per €

Tenyetal, Li COMES = Pi 1 ee £1 ph t ATA z: 665

El Paso 02550 100 150 200

Scale in Miles

A After Anderson

After Koehres

Overlap

s A

oChihuahua E

Toren 2 9Monterréy

Saltilloo y

Ciudad

oDurango “Victoria

Zacatecas © d

Fi. 2. Geographic dist " 22 a oe Es FU 1 ith 80% of th a

graphic ranne; M SPON x PEE

Pepin tory, Corioushy.i

land that to a large extent follows the Rio Grande.

that plant, We estimated the volume of each crown as a hemisphere with a radius equal to one-half its mea-

C (In the case of asymmetrical crowns, whose diameter differed according to the orientation

du the measurement was taken, we measured iniu and nidum diameters [determined by

Hà E and took the mean of the two measurements as the Vine of the crown in question.) Summing

ed volumes of all crowns on a given plant gave us an estimate of the above-ground volume of the

666 1 ae pe eee. X sal D i: s Pat £T sal

plant at each time point in the study. This estimate of above-ground plant volume was linearly related to har-

vested fresh weight in the first harvest (Fig. 3). Total above-ground volume (hereafter, volume) per plant had

P — "— opes d: lant (a fi "e plants, many a ae and was log-transformed

ffi OVA. Differences in mass

between harvests were Pon Board without Pam, lens -Wallis non-parametric tests

fwithin-plant morphology: crown

diameter, crown alte: ribs/crown, and PA Because so few plants died, survival was tested with

Fisher! s exact test. E the 90 ichs per: one was o data on rib number and therefore does not ap-

were done with SAS 9.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC,

USA).

RESULTS

Survival. —A So ond propor of control Pn. Pun oo plants survived, but the difference was not

significant (9 lants; Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.20).

Plant size.—Two years alter harvesting, the unha inis had significantly larger total volumes, on

average, than the uictis plants did (ANOVA, N = 90, F = 58.31, P « 0.0001; back-transformed means were

22.75 cm? and 4.01 cm?, respectively) (Fig. 4).

This ous in mon size affected the yield of the second harvest. The summed fresh weight of all

was, for 19 out of the 20 re-harvested plants, less than the fresh weight

of the originally-harvested single crown of that plant. The average difference in plant mass between the two

ale was 13. th g on q. 9.29), which is significantly different from zero (N = 20, t = 6.73, P < 0.0001)

F 1 higl T ields in both harvests (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001, N = 20), initial plant size didnot

duce the negative effects of th th yea of the second harvest: the larger the initial size, the

danger R de pe : 1 el 4 (F Pig 5).

A frecl 1 £ Esos dus R 1 1 1 E tod volumes

of the same crowns (first harvest: r (volume, mass) = 0.89, P < 0.0001; second harvest: r, = 0.95, P « 0. 0001; N=

20; volume was not normally distributed so Spearman non-parametric correlation coidei are reported

here). As one would therefore expect, the change in volume between harvests was strongly correlated with

initial volume (r, = 0.96, P < 0.0001) and somewhat less strongly correlated with the change in mass (r¿=0. 67,

P = 0.0016).

Plant epee) pru altered plant morphy Sos 1; Fig. 6). The initial harvest signifi

cantly i per plant, f dian of two per plant (Kruskal

Wallis test, y?- 22.29, df = 1, P. < -0. 0001), However, the crowns on these harvested plants were significantly

smaller, with fewer ribs oe Wallis test of estimated volumes, y? = 56.13, df = 1, P < 0.0001; Kruskal-

Wallis test of ribs/crown, y? = 37. n, dis 1, P< 0.0001).

Effect of feral hogs —A d phenomenon, which added complexity and uncertainty to our in-

terpretation of some “of the missing EN on the transect, was the activity of feral hogs at the study site.

Whenever we found a missing peyote specimen, it was necessary to make a determination of the cause of the

disappearance of the tagged plant and to classify the presumed death of the plant as harvest-related or non-

harvest-related. In some cases we could locate neither the peyote plant nor its tag nor even the metal stake 10

which the tag had been wired. The use of an appropriate metal detector (Minelab X-Terra 305) eventually re-

sulted in the location of all of the lost plants that had merely been covered by soil washed down the slope Y

heavy rains. But where there was — evidence of en hog rooting, some uit eve ped never ben

Feral h : ea oll

tne

study site in the "een 1990's (CW. Hidini pers. cn). Accordingly, we idiali to oei from the study

those plants which we determined to be missing as a result of feral hog activity. Fortunately there were m

two hog-implicated missing plants excluded from the harvested group of 50 plants, and an equal number °

such plants were excluded from the control group. It should be noted that if we had counted these missing

Tenyetal. Limitations t i Lophopt Ei 667

initial estimated volume and initial measured

fresh mass of harvested plants

60) -

> 4 $

2 E *

0 9 e

[7]

E 25

[e] 40 E

$ e $ * 7

% *

E *» e $59

00 o9 e 0

20 4 d

eoo

: gue

0 T I s

0 20 40 60 80 100

: 3

estimated volume (cm”) of the crown

Fic. 3. Initial actimatad uni A oe | $51 * £ L 4 L Cap > anu dH. bee £ h n. ERA

asa hemicnh. . EA i ou. cb EE 1 x jj PN d P die 1 n 1 A (C

pame renton cet = 0.91). This fact is useful I H jetached i ighed in the control group of

eism «sias measurements. : a

Plants as h lated deaths instead of excluding them from the study, that interpretation would have tri-

pled the mortality in the control group from ca. 2% to 6% and increased the mortality in the harvested group

9m ca. 10% to 14%

DISCUSSION

The observen ;

in th ber of crowns (i.e., buttons) per plant that resulted from the initial harvest is

se with the common belief that *. harvesting [is] conocio for roe pet and...harvesting also

increases the number of new plants” (Morgan 1976). Harvesting may not atlect sur the observed arith-

metic reduction in survival was not significant. However, hutvenibe alte reduced crown size so much that

the negative effect of harvesti utweighed the increase in crown number also caused by har-

ve 5

Sting. A parallel decrease in the fresh weight of the crowns of plants that were reharvested after two years,

as also observed. This empirical result of harvesting—somewhat larger numbers of substantially smaller

ih buttons —suggests that our rep protocol adequately modeled the system of commercial har-

esti ing tha

h g offered for sale by licensed peyote distributors in South Texas,

ih] has resulted in ssc very small, iniedi buttons being offered for sale (as seen in Fig. 7).

plant volume

EN control

TJ post-harvest

percentage of plants

Fic. 4. Distribution of above-ground plant volumes (summed lumes for each plant, estimated as in Fig. 1), two years after initial harvest. Note

tha hinh fr £ £ I 1 : CMT DEPE E 1 f. h Y "ENS 1 d n PS - f ide range of

Aves, . e í 2 + Bj Mia "x \ Thal Pes Pis x ps a : P 1 1 5 het us Pe ested group.

Tha h tad > b = " di AS ic 1 x PM ee hf £. ole ats, i one way

1 EA + I

Annual pey he | century ted in Figure 8. One curve, showing

the total annual sales of peyote in dolars, T an overall positive adipe that is characteristic of many com

modities that are subject to ordinary price inflation. The other curve showing total number of buttons sold

annually—which we PER to be a close eg ube x the number of buttons harvested annually—in-

dicates that tl ber of butto tic. with a substantial down-

turn from 1986 to 1989, followed by kable rel d fi 1990 to the peak of about 2.3 million buttons

sold in 1997, and from that point ral a roughly continuous decrease from 1997 to 2010. Considering only

the recent me nont 1997 to inen pda ae den is simpler: The positively sloped curve showing

total sal ing numbers of buttons sold (harvested). That

t behavior

is to say, prices bois gone up as numbers of eS sold have gone down, which is rational marke

whena ly less available.

The data in Fig. 8 incid only the quad sales by the licensed peyote distributors to docume

members of the NAC for legally ios gione use. oo — of the total market this regulated seg

ment comprises, is an open question. T i ling of peyote from Mexico into

the U.S. (Gee 1998), but there is clear and abundant evidence that HT peyote populations are being

nted

biomass yields, first and second harvests

1:1 line

604

I7]

[o]

Y 40 -

9 e

: e e

[v] Ei

E 20. * E] .

E 2 a

$ e?

e e

0 T T '

0 20 40 60

fresh mass of initial harvest (g)

Re © Bons are f ted at

pillaged by poachers who dig up the entire plants in massive quantities for some unidentified market that re-

quires specifically L. williamsii and not the other, non-mescaline-containing species of Lophophora that occur

inMexico (Terry 2008a,b,c). N ] how much peyote is! d lly by Native A i who

make private agreements with landowners who have peyote growing naturally on their land. And no one

ws how much peyote is harvested illegally by poachers who supply the Native American Church or other

“onsumers, We could esti l l ption of buttons in the U.S. by making some assump-

tions about the number of NAC members in the U.S., the number of peyote meetings attended per NAC mem-

ber per Year, and the average number of peyote buttons consumed per person per meeting. But apparently no

one even knows how many members of the NAC there are, due to the fact that the NAC is not a single entity,

but rather a totally decentralized set of independent NAC organizations, most of which communicate with

each other only sporadically, if at all. The Native American Church of North America (NACNA) is an umbrella

ganization that represents a relatively small number of relatively large tribal church groups, but it almost

“tainly represents only a minority of the total membership of all NAC groups in the U.S. Such factual defi-

“lencies Notwithstanding, for the sake of a hypothetical calculation let us use an estimate of Anderson (1996)

ke doeet NAC membership is about 250,000. If we divide the c g

- tion buttons by 250,000 members, we get an average of six peyote buttons per person per year. That

Might be enoug peyote for each member to attend yot y per year, if we were talking about full-

ize mature peyote buttons. But in fact sra ll th that constitute most of the

rings In the current regulated peyote market, which means that six buttons per person would not even

670 Journal of the Botanical R h Insti f Texas 5(2)

TaRIE 1. A g £ 1 y £& ik +e 4 [ +h c h.t g h50p n g

pl y n 1 ai A: 114 i8 L n 1 £L hi “button” : n TRES eh p n 4

(Fig. 3). No. of ribs/ btained by ing. (See Figs. 1a, 1b for depiction of ribs and examples of rib numbers.)

Variable Control plants Harvested plants

Plant volume! 32.46 cm? (28.48) 6.94 cm? (6.66)

No, of crowns/plant 1.70 (1.56) 1.13)

Crown diameter? 40.10 mm (11.96) 19.39 mm (6.04)

Crown volume? 22.17 cm? (16.67) 2.77 cm? (2.46)

No. of ribs/crown? 9 5) 6.79 (0.77)

le AS £ n rire s didis ai

24, £ m á n CMT 8 d

suffice for d te d f for every member to p i te i y per year. We know

that one meeting pe we is powpere near the cultural norm for the iau. of meetings in the NAC. Some

churches may hol weekly—say, 50 meetings per year (Bobby Pedro, pers. comm). Ifall NAC

groups held pina at such a Eno ae more than 50 times the amount of peyote sold in the regulated

system NAC fi Even witha lower frequency of meetings

d g thatn not = NAC b ] ing y e. the Sauniing magellan of oe dept

het th rt A qe 155 ely to

required by ne P seriously erodes i credibility of the Bronson that most of the peyote sae to the

NAC

Bois: he the serial mde of buttons aa not decreased lrasti wide d consistently to reflect

aln

E NE 1 1 1 f near not to

? And Wii

have risen more ‘Sharply as well? The high frequency of harvesting, modeled 5 a boe INT between

harvests in the present study, together with the related d in the size of regrowth buttons, provides plau-

sible answers to those questions. Our results suggest that the numbers of buttons sold annually have not de-

creased as dramatically as one might expect because the harvesting of solitary mature crowns increases the

number of buttons in a population by stimulating lateral branching from areoles on the subterranean portion

of the stem of a decapitated plant, which often results in the regrowth of multiple, but much smaller, crowns

per plant.

The effect of h ti i th ( Aia ista) ] to the vendors)

4 pati. Hd x b size

ME” Pe z à : Si... uas E

d f Fig. 8 suggest, because Fig. 8 does not ] g Dutton

Aa Rd. 3 LE. pe of A S nee 4 for sale to the

r Vw

NAC were prac mature crowns ape to the larger planis in the present study (Mauro Morales. de

comm.). Now, however, the harvesting frequency has generally increased and mature plants are relative”)

ilar

scarce (Morales, pers. comm.), with the result that the market is dominated by small regrowth crowns €

to those in me harvested oup in the oret "y sas terms of "o whereas commercial peyote a few :

ini der of 25-30 g each on average (Mor?

pers. vues now the shetags weight of a button, like the. average weight of the individual second-harvest

ns in the twice-harvested group in this study (5.8 g), is likely to be in the single- -digit range in grams. T

price increased from $78/1000 buttons to $310/1000 buttons from 1986 to 2010, a fourfold nominal increas

but only twofold after ries for inflation (Bureau of sub Statistics http://www.bls. param cal-

culator.htm). If, however, buttons were only one-fifth in 2010, the pri 1ally ten times

; » individual

higher in 2010 dini in 1986. Increasing u unit pricés, like meus E (Fig. 6) "ig. 6) and declining

size (Fig. 2), are a comm q bly high rates of harvest (Allen et al. 2005).

percentage of plants

a. average crown volume

EE control

post-ha

rvest

b. average ribs/crown

6 T 8 9 0 11

average number of ribs/crown

trol

NE con

post-harvest

EN control

ZU post-harvest

20 30

av ( 40 50 60

erage crown diameter (mm) per plant

c. average crown diameter

671

Fi. 6a. Distribution of average crown volume

per plant. The average crown volume was cal-

the plant. For the many control plants that

had only one crown, average crown volume

is equal to average plant volume of Fig 4. For

harvested plants, which often had more than

one crown, average crown volume is a fraction

of average plant volume. For those harvested

plants that showed no regrowth, the average

crown volume is zero. Note that the site of

harvested plants show average crown vi

in the smallest size d , <5 cm), id ca. gom

average crown volumes in 20 different size

bins across the entire megi a Japen crown

volumes from 0 to 140 cm s another way

of portraying the aee in average crown

size associated with harvesting

Fic. 6b. Distribution of average number of ribs

per plant. Otherwise, it represents an average

of all crowns on a plant. Rib number is roughly

co ith size and age ofthe crown. Note

the modal values of 8 ribs for control plants

and 7 ribs for harvested plants. Eight is the

Fibonacci number of ribs characteristic of a

of 8 ribs. The modal value of 7 ribs/crown

in harvested plants reflects the presence

of immature as well as mature crowns on

these plants. The Fibonacci number 13 is the

maximum rib number observed for the control

plants, as it is for the species. The minimum

rib number observed in both harvested and

control plants is the Fibonacci number 5, as is

likewise true of the species.

Fic. 6c. Distribution of average crown diameter

- Crown diameters are not as dramati-

cally different between control a nd harvested

plants as are estimated volumes (Fig. 4),

because volume is a function of the cube of

the radius (i.e., the cube of half the diameter).

way of depicting that

harvested plants are generally smaller than

the crowns of nonharvested control plants.

672 Journal of i i 0)

c ri T f the buttons shown are less than

€ M n . Tm hi : E a

Fi 7 5. 1 1 dictrih R at £}

holt ek : ID hu Y DEL 1

4 cm in diameter

i i ; ' mescaline

It is tempting to carry the argument one step farther and hypothesize that the concentration of mescaline

A : EUN ' SUE 1 > CON-

1e predominant and most potent psychoactive alkaloid in peyote) in the regrowth buttons is likely to be ;

arvested. That notion is compatiP*

ls that

—

siderably lower than that in the crowns of mature plants not previously h

with anecdotal complaints by NAC members about the “sweet” taste (suggesting low levels of the alkaloic s

said

rently being soi

normally impart a bitter taste to peyote) and low psychoactive efficacy of the small !

in the trade (TH, pers. obs.). If true, such a deficiency in mescaline concentration associated with the in

à a : o rez er-gram

d be adding an additional hidden component to the real per-gram i

mmaturt

matu-

price

—

rity of the small regrowth buttons wou

of peyote associated with excessively frequent harvesting, as a greater quantity of tissue from i y

crowns would be required to provide the same dose of mescaline as would be obtained from the ri

(smaller) quantity of tissue from mature plants. The analytical chemistry work comparing the mescaline : i

centrations of mature first-growth crowns and immature regrowth crowns is currently in progres? ' no

al., in preparation), but the data are not yet available. i ;

Another notable result was the significant decrease in the biomass (measured as fresh weight) of the a

ond harvest, compared to the biomass yielded from the same individual plants in the initial harvest two Y**

í rvest yield tha

previously at the start of the study. It is reasonable to infer from this decreased second-ha oi

tne pe

gae ; VENE » size of

time interval of two years between harvests is too short to be sustainable. Yet judging from the size € 1 ol

iy accepted per 100 í

time to allow regrowth prior to the next harvest (MT, pers. obs.). Similar decreases in indiv idual size Hall

arvesting €S» 7

te buttons currently being offered for sale in the trade, two years appears to be a common

curred in other wild-harvested species, where they often indicate unsustainable levels of h

—e— annual numbers of buttons sold (in millions)

--:8--« total sales (in thousands of US $

2.4 - 600

- 500 G

a ! E

—

6 3

= - 400 2

E E

z E

2 g

o - 300 =

5 wn

2 o

à 9

- 200 ©

1.4 mae j s r 100

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

year

6.8. Annual sales of peyote by licensed distributors, 1986—2010. Solid bers of t Id (in milli tical axis at left). Dotted

Curve: total calac (in +h X 3 2 oc $ PASTEUR se "T hv NAC memhers TI 1d in th

NL uo indie E " SHE i: PRICE

Department of Public Safety in 2011.

and Bawa 1993; Nantel et al. 1996; McGraw 2001; Berkeley et al. 2004; Case et al., 2007; Genner et al. 2010). The

literature on overharvesting of ginseng (Panax quinquefolia) is particularly relevant to our findings on peyote.

Genner et al. (2010) determined from herbari pecimen collection data that there has been a long-term de-

(tease in the overall population size (number of individuals counted in a systematic census) of ginseng as a

Species in specific regions of its geographic range. Case et al. (2007) showed from herbarium specimen data

that the size of individual ginseng plants collected has decreased over a period of decades. Nantel et al. (1996)

Used mathematical modeli 1 lation data to show that both harvesting frequency and harvesting in-

tensity (defined as the I xt g Cidade harvested from a population each time the population is har-

vested) are key factors in reducing the population growth rate of ginseng. For example, given a harvesting

quency of once every five years, harvesting 30% of the individuals in a population at each harvesting event

Would be sufficient to reduce the population growth rate below the equilibrium value of 1.0, where the death

Tate due to harvesting is exactly equal to the reproductive replacement rate of individuals. When the growth

"ate falls below the equilibrium value, population size decreases, and a decrease in population size is the ulti-

Mate criterion for unsustainable harvesting. The decrease may be postponed and temporarily masked in the

“se of peyote by an initial post-harvest proliferation of small regrowth crowns that elevate the census despite

reduction in total population biomass. Another reliable indicator of inable h is a decrease in

the average size of harvested individuals, as found by Case et al. (2007) with ginseng and in the present study

With peyote. It should be noted that, in terms of the Nantel et al. (1996) model, the harvesting intensity in the

674 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

harvested group of peyote pleats in in the p pregent sudy was 100%; lt. all plants in that group were hare

This fact, and the fact that

O / ES

f E

ences between peyote and ginseng. With wild gi | ingi iti be lower than for peyote, but

every ginseng plant that is harvested is a piani reancwwed from the population—that i is, a death, insofar as dee

population is concerned. Thati is not true of pe hich |

ranean stem, if tl

4 r O

One additional observation from our experience ee ens for long-duration pes — cma

in situ in South Texas, it may be worth g g y exclosure

fore starting the study, to exclude feral hogs

Conclusi t imizi ] f natural pey duction must b idered prelimi

A [24 eo r x

nary at this point, as this report covers only the first two years following a controlled harvesting event ina

poete Loud DEO that i A nt of ten. harvesting, It is quite conceivable thal delayed. differ-

ongoing study. At that time there will also b dat d with the second harvest, as well as

ata on the biomass yield f third harvest for combis with the first two harvests reported here. What

we can state now with confidence, based on the data presented here, is that (1) a two-year interval between

peyote harvests is too short to be sustainable, and that, (2) in light of the reduced total biomass yield of the

second oie compares to the first, the economically adverse effect of harvesting on button size outweighs

the h

B hu mber of buttons pet plant.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

W ppreciative of the int l cooperation of CW. Hellen Ranches, Ltd. - La Mota Division - Charles

W. (Bill) Hellen, Managing Partner, who graciously all ] luct this study on thei h in the heart

of the South Texas peyote habitat. We also thank Brandon Baca, Sam Baca and Tammy Terry, for getting down

on the same level with the peyote plants, under the low thorny canopy of the acacias, and doing the hard work

of locating the plants, measuring their dno and counting their ribs. We greatly value the comments of

two reviewers, Domitila Martinez Al Essential funding for the study was

kindly provided by Elizabeth Winston-Mize, the Alvin * and Roberta T. Klein Foundation, and an anony-

mous donor.

REFERENCES

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waters. BioScience 55:1041-1051.

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ANDERSON, E.F. 1996, P. of Arizona Press, Tucson.

BEA: p A, M de . HON, m — AND M.S. Love. 2004, Fisheries sustainability via protection of age structure and

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(Panax quin-

Biol. Conservation 134: 22-30.

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Gee, R.W. Hall ises authorities. The Monitor, 4 March 1998, McAllen, Texas.

GENNER, MJ, D.W. Sims, AJ. M. Gc BUDD, P. duse M. Hen P. RN fo SOHAL, VJ. yi

S.J. HAWKINS. 2010. Body size ge to climat fishing

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HALL, P. AND K. Bawa. 1993. Method p f extraction of non-timber tropical forest products 0n P

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lant

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POWELL, A.M., J.F. WEEDIN, AND S.A. POWELL. 2008. d biais a Hn eld ques Texas Tech University jig an

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Succ. J. (U.S.) 8

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676 oca a E

BOOK REVIEW

STANLEY A. RICE. 2011. Life of Earth: Portrait of a Beautiful, Middle-Aged, Stressed-Out World. 2011. (ISBN

978-1-61614 od 4, me oe Books, 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, New York 14228-2197,

U.S.A. (Orders: http://www.p bool /). $28.00, 255 pp., photos, 6" x 9",

While we are all certainly familiar with the old adage, “You can't judge a book by its cover,” it is a genuine de-

light to report that this one not only has a beautiful cover, it is a genuine “page-turner” from start to finish.

Biologist Rice has provided us with an unexpectedly unique and inclusive, well-balanced coverage.

A glance at the I > bris ds bl met the reader's interest. After List of Illustrations and

Introduction: A Pile of R der encounters Chapter 1. Meet Mother Earth; Ch. 2.

Inevitable Evolution; Ch. 3. Innovation; Ch. 4. idas: Ch. 5. Sex; Ch. 6. be Ch. 7. hu Ch.8.

Science; and Ch. 9. Faith in Photosynthesis. How could ibly not be f. 1 by that line-up?

This volume is not simply a recitation of various B locia, episodes in the history of our planet. (We are

approximately half-way through Earth's estimated ten-billion-year "life span.") Obviously human occupation

throughout the ages has had a tremendous impact on Gaia, the name the ancient Greeks had bestowed upon

planet Earth, and ee "et. Wc has provided a ans tiorough analysis of the impact—both positive and

"e ki And, he has d ith skill, humor, and

4 . 1 1 . 1 hoins.

the planet. F le does Mot WOICIS

ity among populations that impact tl f Gaia. (Interestingly, he tells of his dismissal from

a church- “sponsored dejad for bue. tas liberal ” He still Sedes himself “somewhat conservative.”)

Rice writes fG d its life-cycles, as well as our home planet—

and with a great sense of poss It is fun, MM enlightening—and encouraging!—to read.—Helen

Jeude, Assistant Editor, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400,

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 676. 2011

CLINAL GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MESCALINE CONCENTRATION AMONG

TEXAS POPULATIONS OF LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII (CACTACEAE)

Diana Hulsey M. Abul Kalam

Department of Biology Department of Earth and Physical Sciences

Sul Ross State University Sul Ross State University

Alpine, Texas 79832, U.S.A. Alpine, Texas 79832, U.S.A.

Paul Daley Norma Fowler

California Pacific Medical Center The University of Texas at Austin

Addiction PI logyR h Laboratory ui ados of pisi Z C0930

rsity Sta

San Francisco, California 94120, U.S.A. ee foe 787 u E

Martin Terry

Department of Biology

Sul Ross State sides

Alpine, Texas 79832, U.S.

ABSTRACT

Aphytochemical anal 1 1 13 1 f whether Lophopl illi peyote) l fi Chihuahuan

Desen "t populations ir in a Trans Pecos region of West dens — -— trati f line than p

por f South Texas I ifi he Native A ican pey ligi

involves the hop! logically acti Tiene samples were field-collected from 10 individuals in

the Masson steel = two a which were located in the

1 res Be

each of four E williamsi populations, two 2 which w

Tamaulipan Thornsc: lati 1 led, the alkaloids

Were extracted, and th g li i ft pulati 1 ined by HPI There was s limited geographic varia-

tion in m h » 2 R see ^ 1 Of, (0 sf.

higl (3.52% of dry tissue) was only 27% g 77%), and the dif

n the Chihuah D d the Tamaulipan TI li lati ifi However, mescalin

orcas ges significantly dong a gradient ues oe to y northwest, i.e., from the VERSES Tamaulipan

Thornsery

pot

RESUMEN

PEM bres ace. As fh . ES T: 1 1 ar 1 L ; el X 1 Hl

is F ED € t ESTE rF- P

nes del 3 ; 5 : 3 A ss Pal, ]

desierto chihuahuense en la región Trans-Pecos de Tej 1 l los tejid 1

hes en las plantas d poblaci 1 ni 1 ; lip 401 de Tejas? Esta pregunta tiene importancia cultural

Para la religión q J 3 3 ^ um 1 UR PA UNIS : 1.1 icof lóoi

1 ru , F o r a =

activo, yii de Mo de lo3ndivid bent id ] d blaci de L. williamsii, dos de las

cuales est "E E E o t *

I deci s 1 3 1 1 : i D. 1 $4 E

las j E E F

R Muestras de tejido de 10 pl PAE E LS Agee 1 ladas los alcaloides f traíd la concentración promedia

J )

mescalina fue determinada HPLC. Hul SOROR UNDER RER iónd lina. 1 i ]

Peso de tejido seco )f NO Hisce 1 POP RUFEN 77%) la As, : 1 PS RE Lx ESL Y y

e un z/ | DD E

las del matorral espin 1 n FEM: M ^ S h 1 i 1 li i ignifi i

j; p g Sin em argo B

Mente alo largo de 1, T 2 3 qu TT PEDES ME XE i: 12 is aud ] ]

: B E

hacia la pobl A PE" 345. ay ea, HE

INTRODUCTION

hora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M. Coult. (Cactaceae) is a small (up to ca. 8 cm in diameter),

*ineless, pe cactus is northeastern Mexico and adjacent Texas (Figs. la, 1b). Commonly known as

Peyote, it is of g nt, based largely on the psy-

E c o

MU st Teas s 77 og 2011

Journal

of the Bo

tani

nical Research Institute of

of Texas 5(2

)

and small $2

recent yea"

Fic. 1b. Si 4 m n

Fi. . Six sm

indicate th which wt m

bord. acti (diam

isa eter of la

pas rgest individual i d

wind cii — is ca. 4 cm) inh m

eaters abitat in Tamaulipan T à

g rown of the p schen

hen scrub. The ci

plant (not visi Taie

visible) b at

y peyote cutters |

Hulsey aot ; 14 a alas £1 L L ATA .. 679

choactive properties of its principal alkaloid, mescaline, in the ceremonies of the Native American Church

(NAC). e: is aiso med aa by many Native American tribes as a medicinal pre for the treat-

mentofa wide ltes 1938), though itis unclear whether tl y is related

to the activity of B scaline) in such uses of peyote. Regulated sales of wild- ES peyote by licenced dis-

tributors in the U.S.A. total ca. 1.5 million “buttons” (harvested tops of stems) per year (Texas Department of

com in "t 201 sie

1: . . f dis

populations

]

ft 1€ elders of the NAC in the Comanche

RI 1 1

of peyote is based in M hnibotany:

tribe (which is centered in southern Oklahoma near Lawton), stated anecdotally that there is a preference

among some Native Americans imu the ore us the ' pups pone of West Texas (Blackstar, pers.

comm.). The name “purple peyote” ref which appear to have resorbed

and metabolized much of their chlorophyll, leaving du reddish bétalaiti pigments as the dominant chromo-

— Cosa (Fig. 2.

f Blackst tat t—and one that is considered valid by

other NAC goes in Oklahoma fray, pers. obs.)—is that the preference for peyote in this “purple” condi-

tion for l use is based on the perception that it is oe is kgs that dd mae a

content) than ordinary, non-stressed, gray-green to blue-g

is that this cultural preference for purple peyote is die a de ficio cub a since the purple

peyote normally occurs only in the Chihuahuan Desert region of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent Mexico. The

present study was accordingly designed to determine whether there were greater f mescaline

in the Chihuahuan Desert populations of West Texas than in the Tamaulipan Thornscrub populations of

South Texas (Fig. 3).

Another reason for doing this phytochemical analytical study of geographically disjunct populations of

two ecologically different regions was the potential chemotaxonomic value of such a study. There has been

discussion in the literature since the 1940's about possible taxonomic differences between the Chihuahuan

Desert populations and the Tamaulipan Thornscrub populations of Lophophora williamsii (Croizat 1944;

Te Em. Bravo oe Powell and Weedin 2004). One quantitative character that has not pz been

evaluar,

of mescaline which might reasonably b vary irom

one ecoregion to another by virtue of variation of the status of regulatory genes affecting the rate of biosynthe-

sis, een would be an Soe of the senior ie plasticity described by Sealing and Smith (2002). It

oft 1 : ff,

1 I the Chihua huan Desert [ inherently d UOTHICI

iis Ee direction, higher or nbi tissue concentrations of necting duá ges Tamaulipan —

1 Ll

UI LACKS UILI CURL WOU a U

able for San the validity af cogi of a new variety of L. williamsii. The original chemotaxonomic

hesis was that there is a significant difference in the tissue mescaline concentrations of plants sampled

Mom the two Bosphic ciet

Alternatively, t i i lual fashi the entire Texas por-

tion of the range of this species. The four populations studied fell along a rough gradient from southeast to

northwest: from Starr County (RES) north to Jim Hogg County (LMR) in the Tamaulipan Thornscrub

then northwest to Val Verde County (LTR) and west to m prod (STR) in the Chihuahuan

"t ecozone (Fig. 3). In terms of the gradient, th is is that mescaline

concentra 5 d 1 dl

tions increase along this gradient, and the appropriat yp is that they dif-

her direction, along the gradient.

fer, in eit

MATERIALS AND METHODS

y les of aerial stem tissue (ca. 4 g fresh weight from each i individual) were field-collected by biopsy from 10

to ls in each of four Texas populations (designated RES, LMR, LTR and STR) of Lophophora williamsii:

ms Tamaulipan Thornscrub (RES in Starr County and LMR in Jim Hogg County) and two in the

uan Desert (LTR in Val Verde County and STR in Presidio County). (See map, Fig. 3.)

680 Journal of the Botani t X)

vel

4 las : yay cca Ir hall le fram the severe

Fic. 2. “Purple peyote” in habitat in Chihuahuan D Plant st ARE E i o g

drought of 2010—2011.

In order to eliminate the possible confounding factors of drought stress and dehydration from this mn

graphic phytochemical analysis, llected all the peyote ti ples during the rainy season in July 201

d desiccated the ti pl to analysis. There is an untested but prevalent belief among NAC =

bers that older/larger peyote plants constitute “stronger medicine” than younger/smaller plants ec

Herrera, pers. comm. based on his personal experience as spiritual leader of the Native American Church :

the Rio Grande, and on the opinions of his numerous NAC colleagues). Accordingly, in order to eliminate -

possible confounding factor of different stages of maturity of the plants sampled for this study, we colles

tissue samples exclusively from individuals with eight ribs, which are young adult plants that are typically c

3-5 cm in diameter (Terry et al., unpublished data). i

The samples of cactus tissue were cut into small sli 1 the individual samples were pooled by g ha

tion and set to dry for a week on a drying rack. Once desiccated, the tissue was ground to a fine powder with’

mortar and pestle.

: ; eum acted with

A sample of 2.0 g of the ground dry cactus tissue from each population was then Soxhlet-extr Wr

Idque €

200 ml HPLC-grade methanol for 8 h. The methanol extract was evaporated to dryness, and the res

m pe E hlorometh-

extract was dissolved in 200 ml HPLC-grade water, which under d-ba wa

U aL Vast

ane, as described in Ogunbodede et al. (2010). The dichloromethane was evaporated to dryness, and i

due, containing the mescaline and related alkaloids, was redissolved in 10.0 ml of methanol and E

-20°C in a labeled vial. The four extracts representing the four populations were run on an Agian d

Infinity HPLC, using 9:1 water to acetonitrile acidified with 0.196 trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile uis fe

a Phenomenex Gemini 5p C18 column. Samples of 1.0 pL were injected with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min ee z

for 30 min. Each of the four samples was run three times and the values of area under the curve (AU id yj

three peaks per sample were averaged. A standard curve of mescaline standard was generated and usec

resi-

d at

260

—

Hulsey et al.,

Hulsey etal., Mescali : Lophoy ia 681

* San Antonio

| 150 km

cL—————cum——

ED. ville 100 mi

i 5 : Qu 3 :

hs 3 p of A is a Aog eee 1 j population. Note slight and

irregular—b d * " TUNI. 2 £ " js. ze. +

erpolate the Boncedation nat mupcaline SPAM DORPINE to the mean AUC of each sample. Then back calcula-

tions were d

f mescaline (as percent, w/w) in the desiccated tissue

mples from the four populations of peyote.

Confirmation i the identi of mescaline: in these apies was achieved with GC-MS. A sample metha-

Dol extract of L. wil

N, stream at room temperature,

= the residue dissolved in PERENS a analysis. The instrumentation was an Agilent 6890 GC

dodi with a DB-5ms (0.25 mm LD. x 30 m) column, splitless injection (250°), and an Agilent 5972 MSD

oo line at 275°), operated in full scan mode. Helium was used as the carrier, and the oven program was

(witha 1 min hold), then 20%min to 250°, with a final hold.

RESULTS

GC-MS, the mescali Lii a } f le. and the mass

Pectrum matched a I in the NIST database (Sirin: etal. 2005) with 93.5% Y probability of best match.

ia li each pop p g with the geographic

682 1 lala Dat aon M Lt O £T cas 5/2)

location of the Pin in Fig. 3. There was limited variati g the f ples, as the higl

tration of in STR) was say ca. 27% greater than the | t ion (2.77%, in RES). A

t-test comparing Chihuahuan Desert and AA Torn populations was not significant (P = 026)

g given the small number of pop pled and the reang ied du po)

Heer dh the order of i li i in the four

suggested geographic gradient un The lowest concentration was in the sut County population (RES), at

the southeastern end of the gradient, and the highest concentration was in the Presidio County population

(STR), € M the northwestern end of the eet Of idi 24 proe permutations in which the four different

f the four pop d be ordered, only two would match the gradient: one of

them with the mescaline i ing from southeast to northwest, and the other one with the

lin ions d f tl to northwest.

icum the mnn version of the Viris gau Pose we are asking whether there are consis-

either direction, and so a two-tailed statisti-

cal ust is ig sobe Toe porn of obtaining one bol He two lec with the geographic order of

2 out of 24, or P=0. 083,

n» liigi but suggestive of a possible geographical pattern (cline) in mescaline tissue concentration in

this species.

Under the gradient version of the ethnobotanical hypothesis, we are asking spore, WINE "e

to northwest in Texas, and th

Å rr x

fore one-tailed. y one of mes populations prod hl ee

order f. d f increasing li ions, and that is the permuta-

tion obtained in i this sody That outcome hará a o of 1 out of 24, or P = 0.042. That is to say, the mesca-

ly increase in Texas along this southeast-to-northwest gradient.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

the pl ant

It is important to understand the ph l l relationship ł li

r T

and the dose of mescaline ingested by a person in a peyote religious ceremony. If peyote is available from two

populations, A and B, and the Pe from 4 an a E d concentration 25% higher than that of the

peyote from B—all other tł geq given p the same dose by ciii 100 s

of A or 125 g of B. A di : 1 1

subjective spiritual effect, de dience] between poo "et A and peyor from B vok not be vend asa

matter of concern (Teodoso Herrera, pers. comm.). However, if the di ——

considerably esi p ape a person would have to ingest a much larger quantity of the peyote from B to

attain the ingesting peyote from A—as might be the case where the peyote

from B consisted of small, immature lads that would taste *sweet" due to their low alkaloid content—then

- "adds TE B ls » ees Bids im by many members se the poor ion somes pe

the

tl ic plants t

nity to reproduce themselves (Herrera, pers. comm.). The ge of li i inthis su

is more reflective of the former situation, where the diff I the high and low extremes is percept"

ble but not objectionable. z

One factor that may have affected the average mescaline concentration in the RES populati

County is that we found considerable evidence of previous harvesting of the peyote in that population E$»

groups of small regrowth plants as shown in Fig. 1b). Extensive photographic documentation of such post

harvest regrowth in this population can be seen in Terry and Mauseth (2006). If it were the case that ir

crowns that grow as lateral branches from the subterranean stems of harvested plants are, at least for sever?

on of Start

years, deficient both in size and in mescaline content—as is bine DE bes only partially document

(Terry et al. 2011)—then it would b bl RES, in an area know? e

t Sier x ssion of

intensive commercial peyote harvesting, would dei id f such harvesting in the form of depre

tho k * £lxs ) TERN

E wj

Hulsey et a ; 3i "m cal ae £1 pl I h ATA s. 683

While we were not able, in this study, to differentiate statistically between the mescaline concentrations

of Tamaulipan Thornscrub and Chihuahuan Desert peyote populations, our results suggest a likelihood that

such a difference may exist. TEN were also m to RANES EIS a dares po pattern consistent

with somewhat higher and western ig pim of the

range of the species in Texas. These first sees on how ti

geography are compatible with the anecdotal Native Ameri hat peyote from Texas pei lations

of the Chihuahuan Desert is more efficacious as a bema active religious sacrament than peyote

from populations farther to the south and east in the Tamaulipan Thornscrub. Geographically more extensive

fieldwork is in progress to obtain L. williamsii nne T, om a Mar number of nopniadons, which will

ae ;

11 1

"A x

the principal pey ary with

]

powet required for

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

e mk was peouporied 3 in part by a grant from the Welch Foundation (Grant # AK-0023) and in part by a

grant from Sul Ross State University. Karen Little was most helpful in regard to the lab

facilities. Tim Phillips and Clara Castañeda generously helped in the creation of Figure 3. The photographs of

Lophophora williamsii in habitat were DES by the Cactus Conservation Institute. We thank two reviewers,

A. Michael Powell and Kevin Jani, for limproving tl

o r

REFERENCES

Bravo, H. 1971. Una revisión del género Lophophora. Cact. Suc. Mex. 16:8-17.

ChozaT L. 1944. A study of the genus Lophophora Coulter IV. Des. PI. Life 16:43-44.

HERRERA, T. Personal communications to M. Terry, 2005-2011.

OGUNBODEDE, O., D. MCCOMBS, K. TROUT, P. DALEY, AND M. TERRY. 2010. New mescaline concentrations from 14 taxa/

cultivars of Ee spp. (Cactaceae) ("San Pedro") and their relevance to shamanic practice. J. Ethnopharmacol.

131:356-3

POWELL, A.M., xi F. WEEDIN. 2004. PIN of ia iso es deam Areas. Ses Tech is Press, RE

SCHLICHTING, C.D. AND H. SMITH. 2002. P ypic [ y g dia:

Evol. Ecol. 16:189—211.

SCHULTES, R.E. 1938. The appeal of peyote (L illiamsii) as a medicine. Amer. Anthropol., n.s. 40:698—715.

STEIN, S, Y. MIROKHIN, D. TCHEKHOVSKOI, G. MALLARD, A. MIKAIA, V. ZAIKIN, J. LITTLE, D. ZHU, C. CLIFTON, AND D. SPARKMANM. 2005.

The NIST Mass Spectral Search Program for the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Version 2.0 d. FairCom Corp.,

ChemSW, Fairfield, CA

TERRY, M, AND J.D. Mas 9006 Baer diu dans DEA

williamsii (Cactaceae: Cacteae): Implicati fu ti alone ni ida 2 565- 592.

E K Trour, B. WILLIAMS, T. HERRERA, AND N. FOWLER. 2011 Li d

n South Texas popelation: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Tels 5:661-675.

D ete OF PUBLIC SAFE. Unpublished data: 1986-2010 total peyote buttons & amount sold. In litt.: email

ted 28 Apr 2011 from L. Peloquin to M. Terry. Austin, Texas, U.S.A.

E D. 1970. Cacti of the southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. University of Texas

S, Austin

BOOK REVIEW

ALAN E. BESSETTE, WILLIAM C. ROODY, AND ARLEEN R. BESSETTE. 2010 (first edition paperback of an earlier hard-

back 2000 edition). North American Boletes: A Color Guide to the Fleshy Pored Mushrooms. ISBN

978 0-8156-3244-3, hbk., alk paper). Syracuse University Press, 621 Skytop Road, Suite 110, Syracuse, New

York 13244-5290, U.S.A. (Orders: 800-365-8929, supress@syr.edu). $45.00, 400 pp., 2 b/w, 454 color

illustrations, 8" x 10".

: qty d e PA : 1 S + : 41

This book g l features of the bolete mushroor

scriptive narrative that will pU e more technical professional and casual user e Thee an are approxi-

mately 300 species illustrated with color images and morphological descriptions using both macroscopic

(heavily emphasized) and microscopic characteristics. New information highlighting macrochemical tests

and color changes enhance the value of the species descriptions based on the bolete biota of North America

north of Mexico. Species je aem include pikus, pore surface, stipe, spore print color, fruiting (habit, sea-

sonal occurrence, and g phic distribution), comments, and edibility. Under the ae ge comments are

1] A A rey M

y, similar species, interesting facts, and fi

A brief historical review is Sven that includes both past and present students of bots beginning with

Lewis David von Schweinitz, and then Walter H. Snell and Esther A. Dick, Alexander H. Smith, and more re-

tnde UE F o amag others. The Heny pote fungi are a vaneg gon win highly prizen a sucha as

ents with the roots of trees as ih as pue for wildlife. The Gees Due fruiting body has a a spore-bearing

layer porised of yenien iubes ae a thick, pela. cane? area pep adults in detail in the introduc-

tory sections. This i better intions

Boletes are some of the larger flesley fungi found in nature so siha they are frequently collected y ama-

teurs but are often difficult to identify. Field } dichot sepa-

in eastern and western regions with the dal line the Rocky Mountains. The be-

ginner will find the keys for the most part user friendly even though some bolete species have distribution

patterns not fully known.

rated into species fi

The color images d from 35 lor slide f d arranged 3 % x 2 inches usually five or

six r page. bs dud regi E the color i l itl llent cl ition showing cap, pore

o o r : o

1 1 FOEDUS ^ ¿ 3 . . D ER 1 acters used

in identiti ae Lone is Legit 86 pound sick. that is best for four-color separation and pui for mini-

mal chow-thro TL ane section

and not TATTER with the black oa shite species eran see This oaks is oversized for use in the

field, however, the pine is saddle: sciet at the binding edge in 16 page sections then perforated to receive

glue that holds all of th Rough handli ld It in splitting the spine and

loose pages. y

EO ETE

Review continued on page 688

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 684. 2011

REGISTRO DE UNA NUEVA LOCALIDAD

DE LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII (CACTACEAE) A PUNTO DE EXTINCION

POR SAQUEO EN COAHUILA, MEXICO

Jaime Sanchez Salas, Gisela Muro Perez Eduardo Estrada Castillon

Escuela Superior de Biologia Facultad de Ciencias Forestales

Universidad Judrez del Estado de Durango Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

v. Universidad sin número Apartado postal 41, 677

Fracc. Filadelfia, CP. 35010 Linares, N.L., MEXICO

Gómez Palacio, Durango, MÉXICO

Mario Garcia Aranda Jorge Arturo Alba Ávila

Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Escuela Superior de Biología

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango

Apartado postal 41, 67700 Av. Universidad sin número

Linares, N.L., MÉXICO Fracc. Filadelfia, CP. 35010

Gómez Palacio, Durango, MÉXICO

RESUMEN

l á ble q á siendo saqueado d indiscriminada. E particulares como la cactácea

rae . A, zerg 32 4 ich 1 tiy ^" 3.1 » e 1 $2

p" xi r O os kr E F / F Li o

ABSTRACT

Cacti ] being lered indiscriminately. In particular cases, such as that of Lophophora williamsii which

is dietribustozl in ol Se ee ear 3 e å Hai M "aree dins 1 e

cestral rites. Unfi ñ atel icu: zd : ; t 1 i 1: d L: E 1 2 : f din; = T A a w^ à d ily by

FUE E =

cactus enthusiasts,

México es reconocido por la diversidad de plantas albergadas (Rzedowski 1978; Gomez-Pompa et al. 1994)

“omo consecuencia de las condiciones fisiográficas, climáticas y edáficas (Villarreal y Encina 2005). Además,

la Región del Desierto Chihuahuense le confiere elementos representativos únicos de la familia Cactaceae

(Hernández y Bárcenas 1995). 1 yor f del estado de Coahui áincluida en el Desierto Chihuahuense

‘Henrickson yJohnston 1997). En la region Coahuilense, se distribuyen 29 especies de cactáceas amenazadas

‘Hernandez y Godinez 1994). Lophophora williamsii J.M. Coult. (IPNI 2011) es una especie de distribución no

endémica (NOM-059-SEMARNAT 2010), sin embargo, se encuentra sujeta a protección especial y es un ele-

Tp de la fl tológica del desierto Chihuahuense (Hernández y Godinez 1994; Hernández

y Bárcenas 1995 y 1996; Gómez-Hinostrosa y Hernández 2000; Hernández et al. 2001). Esta especie se dis-

tribuye desde la cuenca del Río Bravo en la parte de Texas y México (Bravo-Hollis y Sánchez Mejorada 1991),

*xtendiéndose hasta los estados de Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas y

Zacatecas (Guzman et al. 2003; Henrickson y Johnston 1997; Britton y Rose 1963). La especie no habia sido

venda anter; p l ipio de Sauceda, Coahuila. (Guzmán et al. 2003; Henrickson y Johnston

997. Britton y Rose 1963) solo de manera general para el municipio de Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila. (Villarreal

D. De acuerdo a las condiciones de precipitación anuales para Coahuila (« 600 mm) L. williamsii es una

“specie abundante 1 Mec CER zai Uu ves

Población localizad

e Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila México.

(Jiménez 2011); sin embargo, la extracción

1 $ c d 1 . . . pr

ELI ———-

Res, Inst. Texas 5(2): 685 — 687. 2011

1 Vs | 3 NN khi " £

686 exas 5(2)

Hallazgo de la población de L. williamsii

En agosto del 2006 realizando recorridos por la zona candelillera del ejido Sauceda (25°49'41.6"N y

101%17'49.6"W) municipio de Ramos Arizpe, se localizó una planta adulta de 20 cm de diámetro a nivel de

suelo con 22 coronas. Posteriormente en septiembre del 2006, se regresó al área para realizar un censo de la

especie, la cual se distribuye en matorral parvifolio de Larrea tridentata, M. Cog gane iris Torr. y

ges aedes €— Eros oe 201 a La totalidad de | e A. lechuguilla

aún y y de mayo L tridentata. El tipo de suelo donde se distri

la població pond l hápli Anónima 1995) poco pedregoso.

Primer censo de la población

En septiembre del 2006 se aplicó el primer muestreo estratificado (Franco 1985) para censar la población, la

cual ocupaba un área de 1.2 Km?. Se jifppoicionaron 12 cna de 10 x 10 (Sanchez-Salas et al. 2010) donde

se cuantificaron 165 ejemplares. La totalidad de | en promedio tres rebrotes y el es-

J E E

tado de bo: individuos se ctia si como n rtgaroso. Las plantas p ían a diferentes

y I Ilofmann 1982).

calis censo del 2011

En marzo del 2011 se realizó nuevamente un recorrido por la zona y se cuantificaron los individuos en los

mismos cuadrantes. Desafortunadamente como sucede con la eire de y cactáceas, y en particular con

aquellas con efecto alucinógeno como el “Peyote” la población dis inuyo d te (Batis y Rojas 2002;

PONA: din 2008; Mone y García RID a procedió a la aplicación del mismo proceso metodológico.

De pe t I p un total de 28 y solo 12 presentaron

( ificando del tallo subterráneo) en promedio. Esto significa que hasta 30 plan-

tas en promedio se pierden al año por el saqueo desmesurado. Considerando lo determinado por Schultes y

Hofmann (1982) — bape q aparentemente - — eran adultas pues saquearon las de mayor

número de costill

o Lr

Estado actual de la ERR

Lophophora williamsii está adaptada al fud semiárido y oi eter AN con altos

niveles de sobrevivencia y regeneración, qu d por | ede

1 E o bre

plantas adultas (Terry y Mauseth 2006). Este patrón d ió | 5 por primera vez en septiem

del cs as sin ere ibe cH qued la p E coronas disminuyó. Podemos suponer que la dis-

uio) las. Anderson (1996) considera que las poblaciones de

esta especie utilizadas par corte a OF (S DR de RT aérea del peyote) en un periodo de tres años Sé recu-

peran por completo debido a su alta capacidad resiliente. Considerando el tiempo transcurrido desde que e

encontró por primera vez la población de L. williamsii (septiembre del 2006) a la fecha (hace cuatro años Y

medio) la población debería estar recuperada totalmente (Anderson 1996). No oe ésta va en e

a: simple-

pues la planta no es usada para rituales ni con fines medicinales según pobladores del ej es

mente los “Peyoteros” están sobre explotándola.

Frag, in dig "is S Wedge distribuye L. willi ii 3

degradación

I h 1 Wh T 1 PS We, QNARE 1 1 RAs Vut

mas

en que se encuentre el sitio. La especie peta una asociación con Larrea tridentata cuando el ecosiste :

tero}

encuentra en buen estado y con Opuntia leptocaulis cuando el nivel de perturbación es medio (Mon

García SMIN, la iat de pants de Lophophora williamsii se encontraron a dosel de A. lechuguilla, y nin

5 p Montero y García (2010).

AGRADECIMIENTOS

bservi

Los autores pen odes al Martin Terry y al revisor anónimo, por sus excelentes comentarios y 0

lac cua

ciones, ) este articulo.

Sanchez et al., i 1 M S. E d s I h UN ATR T T AOT E * Mira 687

REFERENCIAS

ANDERSON, E.F. 1996. Peyote: the divi S d edition. U of Arizona Press, Tucson

NÓNIMO. 1995. Carta &datológica escala 1: bs Wd uns be de dé cin arti Foresta: y Agropecuarias

(INIFAP) - Comisión Nacional para el C BIO)

Batis, A. Y M. ROJAS. 2002. El peyot luci de Méxi CONABIO Biodiversitas 40:12

BRAVO-HoLLIS, H. Y H. SÁNCHEZ- MEJORADA. 1991. Las GGA de México. Vol. Il. Universidad Nacional Autóhóme de

México, México. Pp. 220-221.

BRITTON, N.L. AND J.N. ROSE. 1963. The Cactaceae: descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family. Vol. Il.

Second editions. Dover Publications, New Loa "n USA Pp. wi e

FRANCO, L.J. 1985. Manual de ecología. Tema 5. D del t ño de la población a partir de la den-

¿On 2° edición. Editorial Trillas. México, D.F. Pp. 29- 37.

000. Diversity, geographical distributi d tion of Cactaceae in

the Mier yN gi Mexico. Biodivers. & C tion 9:403-418.

GÓMEZ-POMPA, A., R. . DIRZO, A. KAUS., C.R. NOGUERÓN-CHANG Y M. DE J. ORDOÑEZ. 1994. Reservas de la biosfera y otras áreas

naturales protegidas de México. Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca (SEMARNAP). México,

DF.

GUZMÁN, A., S. ARIAS, Y P. DAVILA. 2003 Catálogo de Cactá Mexi UNAM. Comisión Naci IP. | Conocimiento

y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO). P. 111.

HENRICKSON, J. AND M.C. JOHNSTON. 1997. A flora of the Chihuahuan Desert Region. Edition 1. 2. Vol. 1. Manuscript. 280 p.

HERNANDEZ, H.M Y H. GODINEZ. 1994. Contribución al conocimiento de las cactáceas mexicanas amenazadas. Acta Bot.

Mex. 26:33-52.

HERNANDEZ, H.M., C. GÓMEZ-HINOSTROSA, AND R. BARCENAS. 2001. Diversity, spatial arrangement, and endemism of

Cactacea in the Huizache area, a hot-spot in the Chihuahuan Desert Biodivers. & Conservation 10:1097-1112.

HERNANDEZ, H.M. Y R.T. BARCENAS. 1995. End g D LD I Conservation

Biol. 9:1176-1188

HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ, V. 2008. Estado Actual de Lophophora williamsii (Lemaire) Coulter y Técnicas de Propagación como

Estrategias para su Conservación. Tesina de Licenciatura presentada en la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.

México, septiembre 2008

JIMENEZ SIERRA, C.L. 2011. Las cactá icanas y los riesgos que enfrentan. Revista Digital Universitaria 12(1).

SONA D. Mime Fm 2010. Análisis espacial por indices de distancia (SADIE) de L

en tres parc dod turbacié San Luis Potosi. M i vil simposto iiterhacionat sobre

laFlora Silvestre en Zonas Arida: Pp. 21 7 231.

NORMA OFICIAL MEXICANA NOM- SERGEMADNIAS: 2010. Protección ambiental-Especies nativas de México de flora y

fauna silvestres-C ategorías de riesgo y para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio-Lista de especies en

2011-07-06

RZEDOWSKI, J. 1978. Vegetación de México. Limusa. México, D

SANCHEZ-SALAS, J., PG. Muro, E. ESTRADA-CASTILLÓN, Y A.M. GARCÍA. 2010. Registro de d localid reubicación

de oe” de una de ellas de Astrophytum myriostigma (Cactaceae) en Durango, México. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas

ine RE. Me HOFMANN. 1982. Plantas de los di í del uso de los alucinóg México, Fondo de Cultura

Económi ^

TERRY, M, i: MAUSETH. 2006. Root-st ! post tative clonal develop nino

williamsii (Cactaceae: Cacteae) licati f i m Sida 22: 565- 592.

E oo PLANT NAMES INDEX (PND. 2011. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org [accessed 20 March

MARREAL-QUINTANILLA, A.J. 2001. Listados florísticos de México. XXIII. Flora de Coahuila. Instituto de Biología.

: gia Nacional Autónoma de México.

EAL-QUINTANILLA, AJ. v AJ. EN CINA-DOMÍNGUEZ. 2005. Plantas vasculares endémicas de Coahuila y Algunas Áreas

Myacentes. Acta Bot. Mex. 70:1-46.

1 Ma de taf D hi Pot £T, Fio)

BOOK REVIEW (CONTINUED)

ALAN E. BESSETTE, WILLIAM C. ROODY, AND ARLEEN R. BESSETTE. 2010 (first edition paperback of an earlier hard-

back 2000 edition). North American Boletes: A Color Guide to the Fleshy Pored Mushrooms. [SBN

978 0-8156-3244-3, hbk., alk paper). Syracuse University Press, 621 Skytop Road, Suite 110, Syracuse, New

York 13244-5290, U.S.A. (Orders: 800-365-8929, supress@syr.edu). $45.00, 400 pp., 2 b/w, 454 color

illustrations, 8" x 10".

(Review continued from page 684)

:21 1 = pe y a

Six pages of terms found in the glossary and used mostly i

reader to understand terminology usage. There are references of Tecoadmepded NES and SUM works

cited that offer background sources of additional information on the bolete literature. 1 found features of the

Indexes to us AS ie in ding specific information such as the Index to Common Names along

lin italics. This helps to End a a nn color i nage since it is not conveniently

placed next to the species descriptions. The Index to G i ged al ically by genusand

then nape also is a quick may to ape a given species.

lable for purchase but this one should be at the top of the list for any-

one interested in leaning more about fungi in natural habitats. Individual members of the North American

Mycological Society and the more than 80 clubs in Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America should

have this book on their bookshelf. College, university, and public libraries will want to have this affordable

book available to rin k aise gal to -— the esie of fungi. State, national parks, and conservation

agencies will also There are few books that span the broad readership

spectrum of amateur to professional mycologists as well as naturalists but this one touches all of the bases.

—Harold W. Keller, Research Associate, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth,

Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 688. 2011

DISTRIBUCION Y DIVERSIDAD DE LA FAMILIA POACEAE

EN CHIHUAHUA, DURANGO Y ZACATECAS, MEXICO

Armando Cortés Ortiz Yolanda Herrera Arrieta

Instituto Politécnico Naciona Instituto Poli ibn pega)

CIIDIR Unidad Durango- COFAA i CIIDIR Unidad Dur OF;

Sigma 119 Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II Sigma 119 Fracc. 20 ie pedit Il

Durango, Dgo., MEXICO, 34220 Durango, Dgo., MEXICO, 34220

c_armando25@hotmail.com i yherrera@ipn.mx

RESUMEN

Se analiza la distribución geográfica y diversidad de las gramí dos del nort tro de México (Chihuahua, Durango y

7 A uu 1 1 1 ket d Ci am T A rr AS: El y i i 1 f£ 1 Ji “LK sA

i324 4 A 1:2 D. 1 - A 1 1 p 1 d 3 | Rd € 3221 13

Diva. CIS 3 1 Jn na 5 ^ 1 es z i 1 3 1 1

1 1 1 a € Ei 1 A 1 1 £ "NN T di IS 1 1 B

1 1 1 : : c 1 4i 32x $ :-3 1 3- 3 1 1 1 A ee $1 PT : 1 1 zal 1

S t Pi et 1

A J 1 L 1 1 3 j 1 1 1

d x 5 1 : o a F P E

d dad 1 “nt 1 1 1 dad 1

dad, 1 fae uk 1 1 Bs : E Y: yi is e 1 4 1

SI ] 1 f 1 1 1 E 1 1 2 f£ 1 8 151 : EN

PALABRAS C D l geog f diversidad. norte de México, Poaceae SIG

ABSTRACT

We analy dth E Pere ds : fg i41 E th tral Mexico ees Durango, and

Daci ing spatial analysis iethniques. Mos GIS. Th in objective was to d he distrib y of the family

y 4 r 1 1 aid e A Jel TFR Ci Tle? g the Diva-GIS pro-

gram buil id (0 Ns A Xu. 1 i 4:53 1 Tis 4 cr z A i 1 i ich

Welickad ck sks i + A 3 4 14} ith littl llecti Diversity was calcu-

uina the onn ini Mangalef ER T} Its indi ith g diversity are | 1 F ith f d

grass sland y " 1 K ; T} 11 3 Jeh ital eii Es eh

"EM pi [2] bes 5 o Y

Gates acwellac 21 gu erdt x TUS E Sane eu cene populati 1 princi l highway we conclude

that ear inakaa: zy È fs i $ E A EE P it si DH ane à aio. f, 11 DECR 3

KEY Wopnc: Ty; i y, geog pl Aen Hm GS 1 $a ae Poaceae

INTRODUCCION

El pate i la divided biológica es fundamental para cileni el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, la

esid 3ctontn en ] -

p un sustento e jp y ne

ción del fun: ė gaj ss r 1 A Airi

= 4

Que consisten enel , Separación diboga, ifi id d tidades, tal ]

genes, individuos, CES especies, hábitats, ecosistemas y CPUS à Asl la síntesis de la información re-

"un permite analizar los procesos que la determinan. La correcta evaluación de la biodiversidad provee

i n esencial para el manejo de los ecosistemas, ya sea para conservación o restauración Moreno

la).

Raven et al. (2011) mencionan que el éxito de 1 icticas d i fund ta en buenos es-

i dios taxonómicos, en el ecológico, distribución pate y el entendimiento evolutivo de la

odiversidad. Cada uno d i p estudio de la biodiversidad, represen-

tan tareas ciont g PUE y 2 : i £ Sas A acta

E y A o

Las especies de la familia Poaceae como cualquier ser vivo tiene una distribución que obedece a cierto

L SEU ena

M Res. Inst Texas 5(2) 689 — 709, 2011

ES i A b meditate ol

SAG) JJ

orden, ya que las plantas no estan distribuidas al azar, sino que algunos factores limitan su distribución. La

mayoría de los vegetales son inmóviles, lo que quiere decir que deben satisfacer sus requerimientos “in sity’:

allí donde viven deben obtener las materias primas para su sustento, además de tener las condiciones físico-

2 : : s 3f. t d Afi A Hat 1997)

E LI Er Ks

La familia Poaceae, quizás la de mayor importancia económica para la humanidad, presenta unos pa

J: 2t :4 as rie TC | MOSES | M ERES e i * | : :

4 t Er LI r 4

a las condiciones físicas del ambiente en que se desarrollan. Dicha distribución y diversidad son las propie-

ud 14 ion 1 t cH

Con la idea de abordar alg de los aspectos que conlleva el estudio de la biodiversidad de plantas, en

este caso de las gramíneas distribuidas en el norte-centro de México, se han llevado a cabo revisiones tax

í ,enl de Chihuahua, Durango y Zacatecas (al norte-centro

de México) en el herbario CIIDIR del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Herrera 2001; Herrera y Cortés 2010;

Herrera et al. 2010). En ellos se registran más de 100 géneros y cerca de 500 especies de gramíneas que se dis:

tribuyen de forma natural en esta región. Donde se analizarán datos de solo presencia de especies, tomados

di t i 1 d

onómico-fl icas de la familia Poaceae, en

1 "da An Q@NnnNn)

jemp io (alrededor de 8000) revisados con fines taxonómicos.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Datos digitales

Los datos digitales g feridos utilizados en este trabajo fueron tomados de la base de datos BIOTICA gen-

erada en revisiones de gramíneas en los tres estados incluidos. Se convirtieron las coordenadas geográficas

grados decimales y se exportó como un archivo de texto (separado por tabulaciones), este archivo se importó

en el programa de aplicación de SIG y se generó una cubierta (mapa digital) de puntos de sitios de colecta en

formato shape para iniciar el proceso y análisis de su distribución. Mediante aplicaciones de tecnología de

Si de Inf ión Geográfica (SIG), t lpaq IVA-GIS, que fue desarrollado para análisis

ad y distribución de especi Lobjeto de dilucidar p geográficos, ecológicos y genéticos

(Hijmans et al. 2004), el cual contiene 1 Igorit ios para generar en forma sencilla la informacion

requerida.

Datos digitales:

Regist de] g A y TA | aL ár d tudi

Mapa geoestadistico de los estados de Chihuahua, Durango y Z ( g l de INEGI)

Programas de cómputo utilizados:

DIVA-GIS versión 7.1.7.2 (http://www.diva-gis.org/).

GVSIG 1.9 para Vista (http://www.gvsig.org/).

Los herbarios nacionales revisados para los estudios floristicos son: CIIDIR, CHAPA, COCA, ENCB, HUM,

MEXU, RELC, SLPM, UACJ y en el extranjero: ARIZ, NMC, TAES y US, mencionados en los estudios florísticos

particulares de cada Estado (Herrera 2001; Herrera y Peterson 2007; Herrera et al. 2010).

Área de estudio

El área de estudio está formada por el territorio de los estados de Chihuahua, Durango y Zacatecas, ubicados

en el norte- centro de la republica mexicana, ocupa una superficie de 446 mil km? (Fig. 1), y se localiza entè

las coordenadas extremas 21°02'24" a 3194648" Norte y 109°04'12" a 100°44'24" Oeste.

El área se localiza en las Provincias Fisiográficas: Sierra Madre Occidental, Llanura y Sierras del NaN}

parte de la Mesa del Centro (INEG 2000). Por lo tanto, la topografia es variada y accidentada, con vire

de altitud que va de menos de 500 a 3200 msnm. La ubicación latitudinal así o la di ia e influenc? i

la zona marina y de las características topográficas de la zona hace que el área de estudio presente una gt

variación de los factores climáticos como son la temperatura y la precipitación. Dentro del área 5€ jen :

lugares de poca altitud donde la temperatura media anual es de 24 a 26°C hasta sitios con gran altitud Y

temperaturas medias anuales entre 8 y 10°C. En cuanto a la precipitación, el área de estudio presenta mm

atea ll „Di sL :£ 4: CR A Be x "uon 691

CUALES y J

110*0'0"W 100°0'0"W 90"00W

-30*0'0"N

-20*0'0"N

T T

110700"W 100°0'0"W 90°0'0"W

Fi. 1. Ubicación geográfica del área de estudio.

secas con poca precipitación total anual (200 mm) y zonas subhúmedas con precipitación entre 1000 y 1500

mm anuales. Las características e interrelaciones de los factores hacen que en el área de estudio exista una

variedad de comunidades vegetales o tipos de cobertura de suelo, existen áreas con selva baja caducifolia,

bosques templados formados con pino y encino principalmente, pastizales naturales, matorrales xerófilos de

diferentes tipos como son el matorral desértico micrófilo, matorral desértico rosetófilo, matorral crasicaule;

: Ta ; : Lov BY 3 4

además por las características del suelo se presentan comunidades arbustivas y past halófila

(INEGI 1998),

¡AA IA A A ee ON EE

J x

E G5. c 3.3 CREE E dice ac qo YE da dissi.

js Ls

dela dec do 3 j Aan E ] y la relación de | itios d lecta con la distancia

O ,

: ; . 73: TET EJE : * 1 ALIA | te análi

Carreteras y principales ciudades. El listado floristico de las 535 esp g

sis se reportan en Herrera y Cortés (2010).

x Análisis de la distribución geográfica de ejemplares colectados.—Los datos analizados provienen de 8,171

Semplares de gramíneas colectados en Chihuahua, Durango y Z por di l rentes

fechas y depositados en herbarios nacionales y del extranjero, los cuales fueron revisados críticamente para

validar en 23 e S Š 1 c aes, Pe 1 1 lk +

gia (Poa ae) de Chihuahua, México (Herrera

YPeterson 2007), Gramíneas de poc México (Herrera et al. 2010), Las Gramineas de Chihuahua (en elabo-

— y Listado floristico y aspectos ecológicos de la familia Poaceae para Chihuahua, Durango y Zacatecas,

México (Herrera y Cortés 2010). Con los registros de las colectas se elaboró con DIVA_GIS un mapa de distri-

bución de los sitios colectad , Carreteras y límites estatales.

B Andlicic dii

: , 5 7 o

JOS como: Las Grams. 1. Tx (H 2001),M L1. 1

de los sitios de colect. l inos y principales ciudades.—Con las capas digitales de

dead 1 nz A id A 1 +

le con las carreteras

ls sitios de colecta,

Para Conocer el

AN ULI AS F

g (Hijr tal. 2000), que podría influir en los resultados de este tra-

bajo. En este análisis por a dol lo SIM 1-114 la distancia ent ilc Soe t ila

r e

1 A AM RI E Y khi " £T ic

692 2

z yl 5 wee 1 id f. E A Ta dicta sa docdo l

‘ numero

de sitios de colecta. Además, se aia la CAR uke cada: sitio y las ciudades de Chine Durango,

Fresnillo y Zacatecas yl B

C. Análisis de número de ej pl lectados.—Este análisis de inicio en DIVA-GIS con la capa de puntos (en

£ Al OS 8, 171 ej 1 lectad ] f, 4 5n

J | 1

cuadros de 30 de latitud po 30° de let y se determinó el nú de ejempl lectad d d

mar dete d o » diversidad

CX 4 fr id: cl dX. 3: 1T. W ir 1 1 ; ]

especies. Estos índices, i lari d ies d idad icul l idera ł

p y con un — — en la cuantificación ge número de especies presentes (Moreia 2001"). we

A babas? ds ] M duris " d: 1 AG

F ud 7 7 LULA

das (Moreno 2001b).

A. Análisis de riqueza de especies.—La riqueza d i determinó d nera similar al número de ejem-

i : 4

plares, con el programa Diva-GIS se generó pri jilla indicando el número de especies en cada unos

de los 214 cuadros.

B. Análisis de distribución latitudinal de especies.—Se realizó un p Diva-GIS para conocer la variación

"Lalo 21 : 1 $ X du DISC 3 1 f 2 1 J J Axa lid

para lo q J g

r = o

con el nümero de especies presentes.

C. Análisis de diversidad.—El análisis dè diversidad " -— m ee — se realizó con algoritmos de

diversidad del programa Diva-GIS a nivel d Tabla 1).

RESULTADOS

1 Dictriknaciáóán d : J lota

J r

A. Distribución geográfica de ejempl lectados.—Se obtuvo un mapa con los sitios de colecta de 8,171 ejem-

plares de gramineas pec p en d presente análisis, indicando las carreteras pavimentadas, terracerías y

límites estatales (Fig. 2). Las especies de importancia (endemismos, escasas, específicas de un tipo de vege-

tación, introducidas y acuáticas o subacuáticas) se citan en Herrera y Cortés (2010), donde además se puede

consultar la Tabla 1 que contiene todos los taxa (535) encontrados en esta región, con datos de comunidades

vegetales en que se encontraron, origen, subfamilia a la que pertenecen y Estados de esta region donde se en-

contraron ejemplares.

B. Relación de | itios de colect los caminos y p l iudad Enel mapa (Fig. 2) se observa que los

hua,

sitios de colecta estan cercanos a las principales vias de comunicación y grandes ciudades como Chihua

Dea. Prol y TAM. fpe resultado del análisis pe a cin de ioa — de colecta y la red de

de distancia. En la

gara 3 se NU ue la "ones f i d sitios está a menos de 200 m de = caminos mba yw

P "

tanci 2km

Tembién se obtuvo como resultado "i los sitios se encuentran en do porcentaje a menos de 250 km

de las ciudades a posae whee Pesillo da SEMEN, como puede a en la Figura 4.

t Ae infraest

tura — et al. 2000) pe opa en los sesvitidos de ibo y distribución de las especies dt

5 1 5 trabajo.

i 1 ncontró que

jemplares

24 celdas

6%) con

C. Numero de ejemplares colectados —C Itado del análisis de 1

algunas áreas (celdas de la rejilla) estan muy colectadas mientras que aie cd no presentan €J

colectados. Así, encontramos (Fig. 5) que 45 celdas (22.8% del área) no presentan ninguna colecta,

(12.2%) presentan 1 a 5 ejemplares colectados, 25 celdas (12.7%) con 6 a 10 ejemplares, 82 celdas (41.

n: Pn 4 j: A pre T À ia D.

Cortés y Herrera, y 693

ET p M E ener eee

Índice Fórmula

Shannon H'z-X p, In p,

Margalef Oo = (S - 1) /In(N)

$- nümero de clases ünicas por celda (especies)

N- nümero de observaciones por celda

n - número de individuos en la clase ¡-ésima

p -abundancia proporcional a la clase i-ésima — n/ N

10"00W 108*0'0"W 106*0'0"W 104*00"Ww 102'00'W 100*0'07W

L L "a L L

SITIOS DE COLECTA”""" zon

DE GRAMÍNEAS

WOON- 20°00'N

2e00N L-28*00"N

* SITIO DE COLECTA

—— Carretera pavimentada

> Terracería

L] Limite estatal

aotm H260 0N

24'00Ned L24*00"N

22*00"N «4 P-22*0'0"N

neoow po 406007W 104'00w servo voorw

2. Mapa de siti A

la 100 lejemplares, 14 celdas (7.1%) con 101 a 200 ejemplares, 5 celdas (2.5%) con 200 a 300 ejemplares, 1

ta (5%) con 301 a 400 y otra (0.5%) con 401 a 506 ejemplares colectados. Esta distribución de ejemplares

ectados Se nat 1 1 "

ot g p iones anteriores, por la presencia de grandes ciudades y

TOS siti : Bu Uode :

Ca . 2r de interés biológico sobre-muestreados como son: la Reserva de La Michilia, el Parque Nacional

Sca :

a Basaseachi y la Barranca del Cobre en Batopilas, Chihuahua.

% de especies y diversidad

obt Uvieron dat 3 A

142. de dz A E E hel f d

fu] a GAMA EAS MO

indicad 7 E 1 E » s y

Ore : £ : pem HIE m

uc s en forma clara y se puede apreciar la infl del producido por la distribución de las col-

250

OT et

OTT - 807

v'Otr- cor

8'6-9'6

C6-06

9'8-t'8

b osse

vi-tL

99-99

co-09

ys-vs

O'S-B'F

rte- TF

BE- 9

TE-OE

yE-vE

Uc-89T

PT-ZT

8'0- 9'0

Distancia en Kilómetros

Fic. 3. Nü

OS TOY

DOr - TSE

OSE - TOE

DOE - TST

osz - TOZ

DOT - TST

OST - TOT

DOT - TS

Distancia en Kilómetros

Fic. 4 Dict

Duranao, Fresnillo y Zacatecas).

fortes v Herrera

Cortes y r

NUMERO DE TE

EJEMPLARES

COLECTADOS

LEYENDA

LÍMITE ESTATAL

REJILLA

Nümero de colectas

6-10

Boo

101 - 200

201 - 300

301 - 400

401 - 500

400

: ay

kilémetros

Eos Ma ETT accus MES a PPM NETS Won

" z F

LEYENDA

LÍMITE ESTATAL

REJILLA

RIQUEZA

1-33

34.87

68 - 100

101 - 134

135 - 167

Data

EU 400

e o Ó—Ól

kilómetros

mages red teg hr Tier

Mapa de riqueza de especies,

160

150

140 -

130 B y

120- »

110. ^ »

* +

100 -

o 804 * s

E .

o » pe *

3 70 +

: m.

E 60 - >

= yp *

3 *

T" nm 8

40 4

30 4

20 4

10 -

0 el

-10

-20 " " T

zu aac Mansi T T T T SENE. TUN ,

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Nümero de colectas A

ae ptt B de nw lsat ; A

iG 7 n. y s: St 4.3 A ri 1f J p . 1 1 p i s t I z A y y

en los cuadros.

TABLA 2. Nú i I n (riq 3 [ : ) y t Ji 4. "4 1 + de >

Número de especies Cuadros

E A

0 47

1-33 115

34-67 33

68-100 8

101-134 9

135-167 2

sen cada

A. Análisis de riqueza de especies —En cuanto a la pinez de repens. es decir el numero de Pipe

ei s cole ctadas

cuadro, se obtuvo € l mapa de la Figura 6, e

j : i as cuadros &

menos de 33 especies y hay hasta 167 AEN de gramineas. También hay 47

que no se h lizado colectas (Tabla 2). ambas

tre

Con la cuantificación de E y o de ncs fue pone piper la mn en pe

antidad nroveccian

de e

Estos resultados muestran (Fig. 7) que entre más omiies se deg realizado mayor e es e doen à

trabajo

registradas en cada uno de los cuadros. Una apli

Nos centaje

ya que permite conocer el esfuerzo de colecta requerido para añadir un det do número 0 Po!

especies a la muestra (Moreno & Haffter 2000).

Cortés y Herrera, Distribución y diversidad de la familia Poaceae 697

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Número de especies

fe a E

B. Análisis de distribución latitudinal de especies —El número de especies registradas varía con la latitud de tal

m | l | bicad los intervalos 23°—24° N y 28-209 N p y j d p i

(Fig. 8). La ciudad de Durango se ubica a una latitud de 24°01'N y la ciudad de Chihuahua en la latitud de

ict -4 pe Pe | + J £ : J

Jal

38N, 1 Ec]

i : = y cerca de las

principales ciudades del área de estudio, Gaston y Spicer (2004) establecen la consideración muy generalizada

e que, “la riqueza de especies de la mayoría de los grupos de organismos se incrementa desde las altas lati-

al (templadas) hacia las bajas latitudes (tropicales)”, condición que no se cumple en este análisis por el

erte sesgo que se presentan los datos de distribución de los sitios de colecta, que hace que no se cumpla la

observación generalizada.

C Ánálicic Ab As Elina

ersidad.—Al d inar | lices de diversidad con el programa Diva-GIS se generó el mapa

de la Figura 9, el cual indica para el indice de Shannon valores que van de 0 a 5. Los valores mas altos (5) se

presentan cerca de la ciudad de Durango, en el Valle del Guadiana y en la región de la zona de Reserva de la

Biosfera La Michilia. Otra zona 1 lt le a la región del municipio de Chihuahua, Chih.

tercer: 3 i i Pe PARNE | po

^ ValUlIvtco aiv F

Una e

dob uu d.c Tg

ole pe 1 E E ,

Guachochi y Urique, Chih., en donde se localiza las Barrancas del Cobre y el Parque Natural Cascada

seachi. Mientras que los cuadros con valores de 3 y 4 de Índice de Shannon son cruzados por las princi-

Pales carreteras existentes en el área de estudio y con tipos de vegetación de bosques y pastizales naturales.

odo ello indica un sesgo por mayor número de colectas y de especies. Las áreas con vegetación xerófila pre-

2 aap valores de 2 a cero por pocas colectas y pocas especies registradas.

de e generado con el Índice de Margalef (Fig. 10) muestra los cuadros representados con los valores

lh lbi. van de 1 a 28, los cuadros con valores de 23 a 28 representados con el color tojo corresponden a

"am e Durango, ciudad Chihuahua, zona de la Barranca del Cobre y la Reserva de la Biosfera La opis

n se observa que los cuadros con valores de 5 a 22 corresponden a las áreas que presentan carreteras

pavimentadas por lo que presentan cierta frecuencia de colectas realizadas.

698

Fic. 9. Mapa d dricul

223

Indice de Shannon

Das.

in datos

e»

itio de colecta

Carreteras

Pavimentada

kilómetros

Indice de Margalef

1-4

B u-u

O 5-1

Bl 19-22

m».

[C Sin colectas

Sitio de colecta

Carreteras

Pavimentada

kilómetros

cere

Cortés y Herrera, Distrib ea 4; IX BB RE - “on 699

DISCUSION Y CONCLUSIONES

En este trabajo fue posible conocer cómo se tran distribuid pacial las gramí los esta-

dos de Chihuahua, Durango y Zacatecas, México. Fue posible analizar la ubicación de los sitios de colectas en

relación a las principales vías de acceso terrestre y a las principales ciudades del área de estudio. Se encontró

EA densidad de sitios de colect i. de: a) las principal tetas "Diss

grandes ciudades existentes en el área de estudio y c) de regiones protegidas como Parques Nacionales o

R N ] Reciltad A la cris A lert k 1 rel taria ssal A

1 Eu i ox

los Estados desde finales del Siglo XIX a la fecha, y al tudios e i igaci plicad itios de int

articular como son | i idas (Rancho La Campana, Barranca del Cobre, Cascada Basaseachi).

O : o

Así también se percibe la escasez de colectas o ausencia total de ellas en lugares alejados de poblaciones, car-

reteras pavimentadas y caminos, lo q i l go a considerar en los resultados de distri-

h 14 > AnA Aa ta E, OL EB E Z4 + 1 14 y]

E £- n 2 t 1:5 E

rta 7 O * O o

riqueza de especies, b) la distribución latitudinal, y c) la diversidad estimada los índices de Sh y de

PT A 1 1 Esa Lm Y i Y 1 1 3

M La s 1

MArzalcL, por 1

Se concluye que: D O EIPRE E A O FEREN p Sane d * ne ejempl Peel VANUS con fines de

estudios florísticos, deben ser

1 j 1 $e pe. ce 1

cia de colectas; con el fin de lograr una mejor i

, que den homogeneidad a la frecuen-

OR A i RN

Aa la dict 1 H

y Gtverst

1 E.

dad florística. 2) existen lugares p nada colectados que sobresalen y se indican en un estudio de este tipo

(ver Fig. 5, cuadros en blanco sin colectas, cuadros en rosa con 1 a 5 especies y d pürp 0

especies), para ser tomados en t ] lat ía o d Iqui to de la bi

s- ba | df

diversidad. 3) estas técnicas de análisis espacial permiten obtener información ütil sobre la diversidad y para

futuras colectas, a pesar del sesgo mostrado. 4) este estudio muestra la utilidad de la aplicación de las técnicas

con Anoe A . "S MEER. ws | : 41.15.35

BAM Joy

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Se agradece el financiamiento otorgado a los proyectos: “Floristica de Gramíneas de Durango” DGPI-1998045

y CONABIO-R035, “Florística de Gramíneas de Zacatecas” SIP-20070429 y CONABIO- EE014; “Florística de

Gramíneas de Chihuahua” SIP-20100879 y CONABIO-GE003; donde se generaron los datos incluidos en el

Presente reporte. Se agradece a 3 revisores anónimos su tiempo para revisar y hacer observaciones que en-

riquecieron el presente trabajo.

REFERENCIAS

EDERRA, A. 1997, Botánica Ambiental Aplicada. Las plantas y el equilibrio ecológico de nuestra Tierra. 2? Ed. Ediciones

Universidad de Navarra, S. A., Pamplona, España.

ASTON, K.J. y J.. SPICER. 2004. Biodiversidad, Introducción, Editorial Acribia, S.A., Zaragoza, España.

HERRERA ARRIETA, Y. 2001. Las Gramíneas de Durango. Instituto Politécnico Nacional y Comisión Nacional para el

P| 1 D: »11. ; 4 J México

Conocimiento y U

HERRERA ARRIETA, Y. y A. CORTÉS ORTIZ. 2010. Listado florístico y asp lógicos de la familia P para Chihuahua,

Durango y Zacatecas, México. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4:711-738.

HERRERA ARRIETA, Y. y PM. PETERSON. 2007. Muhlent gia (Poaceae) de Chihuahua, México. Sida, Bot. Misc. 29: 1-109.

HERRERA ARRIETA, Y., P.M. PETERSON y A. CORTÉS ORTIZ. 2010. Gramíneas de Zacatecas, México. Sida, Bot. Misc. 32:1-239.

HUMANS, RJ., K.A. GARRETT, Z. HUAMÁN, D.P. ZHANG, M. SCHREUDER y M. BONIERBALE. 2000. Assessing the Geographic

Representativeness of Genebank Collections: the Case of Bolivian Wild Potatoes. Conservation Biol. 14:1755-1765.

HUMANS, RJ, L, GUARINO, C. BUSSINK, P. MATHUR, M. CRUZ, I. BARRANTES y E. ROJAS. 2004. "DIVA-GIS Versión 4. Sistema de

Información Geográfica para el Análisis de Datos de Distribución de Especies” Manual, International Plant Genetic

Resources Institute (IPGRI), y UC Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, USA.

INEG 998. Diccionario de Datos de Uso del Suelo y Vegetación, escala 1:250 000 (vectorial). Instituto Nacional de

Estadística, Geografi Inf, oe s in dier

700 1 B: a ee DA M PO £T. riv

os ua captain de datos SRD escala 1:1000 000 (vectoriales). Instituto Nacional de Estadística,

Atic

ai C.E. 2001a. M Id dir la biodiversidad. Universidad Veracruzana, Jalapa, México.

MORENO, C.E. 2001b. Métodos para mel la biodiversidad, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el

Desarrollo Per TED kie cina -— de — y Tecnología ou America Latina y el Caribe , UNESCO (ORCYT-

(7 c CEA!

CO) ), Zaragoza, Esp

NE g

MORENO, C.E. y G. HAFFTER. 2000. A ing th let f bat biodiversity i i i i lati

curves. J. Appl. Ecol. 37:149-158.

ALPINE FLORA OF CERRO MOHINORA, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO

J, Andrew McDonald Jorge Martinez Guy L. Nesom

Department of Biology Departamento de Biologia 2925 Hartwood Drive

The wut of Texas - Pan American Centro de Ciencias Básicas, pur icio 202 Fort Worth, Texas 76109, U.S.A.

01 W. University Dr. Avenida Universidad #9.

CEA Texas 78739, U.S.A. Ciudad Universitaria wen sae

amcdonald@utpa.edu Aguascalientes, MEXICO C.P. 20131

ABSTRACT

An annotated, } 2321. 3.15. E 1 1 1 Ls 1 pe pl 4 y i 1 Cs RÁ 1 ny 24 1 EAA i , Cerro

i f I hihuahua. is presented. C y fi p f I imberli g i erro Mohinora, we docu-

ly li including 79 p i I p 3 g d 33 families. B ] I I i p iti f

this flora, th g n 1 FEN 1h; geog pl : ffi 2.1 Ipi g i " 1 : Ad JE (wi teas 1 .

Ind p g Mol h tl llective fl f Si La Viga, Coahuilon, Cerro Potosí, and Peña Nevada). Only

through time x A 1 Lo. DI D MA Rif 1 1 Lai "RS; f tops Ip

tion in Mexico’s ay bn e 6% Sorensen Index; comparing Mohinora with the collective floras of Fonnar, ERIN and

Nevado de Toluca).

RESUMEN

Se present hi "SEE (ake ae 1 4 1 : 1 Pies ie Ps Y. id la Sierra Mad Poss 3.3

$ O $ O =:

México, Cerro Mohinora 1 de Chimialua A 1 Li 1 h f1l

"m r E 4 Kr r

sitio, report idad 1 fl di 79 especies. 63 géneros. y 33 familias. B d l

Oo 1 Lu E o F

de especies de esta flora. 1 PASE E ged Maki 1 ad wae T sf: SEM x

a O = e e O Y

la Sierra Madre Oriental. Se calcul índice de similitud de 7.2% (S ) la flora de Mohi y las de Sierra La Viga, Coahuilon,

Cerro sah Mr Nevada. Sol ies alpinas de C Mohi l ñas altas del Nordeste nde

Y r

México, i 1 Dad 1 xod 1 J Diaict. T ; b. P AA

I I

eam finidad fl imil l Ica do un indice de smiiid (Sorensen) de 3.6% entre la

Ipina d :

teste Moh l les de Por petl, I ihuatl y el Nevado de Toluca.

INTRODUCTION

Studies on the alpine floras of Mexico focus primarily on highly specialized timberline elements that inhabit

basaltic substrates above 4000 m on the 19° latitude parallel (Zone III, Fig. 1), including those of the Cofre de

Perote, Iztaccihuatl, Malinche, Nevado de Colima, Nevado de Toluca, Pico de Orizaba, and Popocatepetl

(Purpus 1907; Beaman 1962, 1965; Lauer & Klaus 1975; Narave 1985; a peeo t et > 1994, Indi

Gimenez de Azcarate & Escamilla 1999). Beaman & Andresen (1966) t

comparing the floristic composition of these volcanic peaks with an dad AA of sinit vicies in

heast Mexico, where timberline communities of Cerro Potosí occur on —— — in the Sierra

I f ^ ominate

e areas of Nuevo — eus northern site exhibits loser phytogeograp dominated

Rocky} ins than with g dominated, timberline vegeta-

Pa ol nahi across Mexico's volcanic belt (Beaman 1965; dd 1975; Narave 1985; Almeida-

tional alpine sites in the region (three sites indicated in Fig. 1 on account of th y of four timber-

Zones), between which a considerable number of autochthonous (McDonald 1993, Table 23.1), narrow

endemic species occur.

i of the aforementioned studies make reference to the reconnaissance work of Donovan Correll

(hg ha Howard Scott Gentry on an isolated peak of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Southwest Chihuahua

Cerro Mohinora (25°57'29,31"N, 107°02'56.37"W), where Goldman (1951) had observed in 1898 a

(

Res. Inst, Texas 5(2): 701-705. 2011

702 J H 0)

Cerro

Mohinora

24° N

A A e get 19 N

PEIUS Mule Mecidental (Zone

Ec 1€ CPU TT UE "ET AS n 3 mS Ld Both. "m RE a g . : a

r E x 1 E " £ As B a pee Be £ E a WENT A A re In TE | volcanic belt trae

I: Cerro Mohinora) P y p g : Ap ce is - in prep)

the 19° lat. idian (Zi un PPAR desk i hiahl : 1 Ipi x 1 Ipi m r eae

|| re-

snow-capped summit "i stunted trees ned ope pam Mee. on the " of October 1959, Corre

ported a “di i parse” Lohinora's est

FE e oxy ora as e ib "

rocky substrates (maximum altitud ging from n 3319-3900 m; Webb & Baker 1984). He attri

time

the peak's poor floristic composition to ier goat grazing or a heavy frost that had already fallen by the

f " late not

T ] during the peakol

88 by the at-

shine she ai ke E : cr XT i

flowering in ate summer, Abe site was viel during the last two weeks si aue in 1987 and 19 a

thors to a ition of the Sierra Madre Occidental's only known timberline flora. vil

served a colorfal and species- teks alpine vegetation on approximately 15 hectares upon the pa”

and adjacent declivities. Forbs and pres ME the ae a i lament 33 familles

genera, and 79 species, with [ (Pinus coop nco), juni pers Jun uni i

EN astra

Poaceae harbor more species than other vascular plant families (14 and 7 spp., respectively), followed 7 3

Caryophyllaceae (4 spp.), Plantaginaceae (4 spp.), Apiaceae (3 spp.), Crassulaceae (3 spp-) and Primulac

blancoi Martinez var. huehuetentensis R.P. Adams) and p

While the timberline floras of the Sierra Madre Oriental and Si Madre Occidental cove

McDonald et al., Alpine flora of Cerro Mohinora, Chihuahua, Mexico 703

6sq kms in the present day, McDonald (1993) estimated approximately 5% of Mexico was covered by alpine

vegetation during pluvial cycles of the Pleistocene. Based on the hypothesis that timberlines descend in alti-

tude by around 1000 m during glacial cycles, the Sierra Madre Occidental likely harbored the largest, continu-

ous extensions of timberline vegetation in Mexico during ice ages, ranging from central Sonora to southern

Durango A i la ee m yeu age, is jeiugum of highly specialized vegetation exhibits the

In anticipation of a ae, re UM of the origins, floristic relationships, ende

tion, and historical biogeography of alpine vegetation throughout Mexico (McDonald & Feria, in bep we

present a floristic list for a rare and vulnerable plant community (by virtue of its narrow distribution) in the

Sierra Madre Occidental. We compare this flora with a comparable vegetation type in Northeast Mexico

(McDonald 1990) and that of Mexico's volcanic belt (Almeida et al. 2007), computing a ‘Sorensen Index of

Similarity’ of only 7.2% between Cerro legion pa messes — € ie a 2 iani lava m =

2C/A +B: where A and C eq

found at both locations). In comparing the inus of Cerro Mohinora with a floristic = tor opaa pel,

Iztaccihuatl, and the Nevado de Toluca, the Sorensen Ind 6% si ity. In both cases,

floristic evidence indicates that the cyclic expansion of Webs vegetation during sa periods of the

Pleistocene allows for only limited floristic exchange between the Sierra Madre Occidental and other tall

mountains of Mexico. These data add further support to the general assumption that timberlines descend

around 1000 m during glacial maxima.

Given the pm a rare ense of Cerro oe plant communities, the summit and ecologi-

cally intact tatus. It is noteworthy that only a single non-native

species (Poa annua) was A in the region during the late 1980s, indicating a relatively pristine flora,

albeit affected by the grazing of goats during the 1950s (fide Correll) and cows during our two forays. A road

now leads to the top of the mountain to serve a microwave tower, thereby encouraging and facilitating in-

creased human activities in this isolated region. Foresight and planning might protect this rare, endemic, and

predictably fragile vegetation type from fires, grazing, trail erosion, and other forms of ecological damage suf-

ered by alpine zones throughout Mexico (Gimenez de Azcarate & Escamilla 1999; Almeida-Lenero et al.

7).

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANT TAXA

Collector n bl las follows: DSC = Donovan S. Correll (TEX); GN = Guy Nesom (TEX); HSG =

I S. Gentry (TEX); JM = Jorge Martínez (HUAA, XAL); JAM =J. Andrew McDonald (HUAA, TEX, XAL).

erharmim 3 z j £ L i > E 1

PTERIDOPHYTA Draba rubricaulis Heller; DSC & HSG 23160, JAM & JM 2405

Woodsia phillipsii Caryophyll

Phillipsii Windham; DSC & HSG 23164 aint lanuginosa «pra : yg DSC & HSG 23187, JAM € JM

sine JAM &G

Cupressace CONIFEROPHYTA T ) J Duke: JAM & JM 2365

hnipe T Dry

yis PAdams,S.González © rastium m nutans Raf.; JAM & JM 2366

&M. “aang har JAM & JM 2351 — iiec. Cav. var. greggii (A. Gray) bui & Maguire; DSC &

162, JAM & JM 2382, JAM & GN 249.

Pinus cooperi Blanco; JAM & JM 2349 poised

Com am para L.; JAM & JM 2377

MAGNOLIOPHYTA monica pygmaea Hunt; JAM & JM 2378

"gium lemm Compositae

ome onii J.M. Coult. & Rose; JAM & JM 2364 x mm ii (B.L. Rob.) King & Rob, JAM & JM 2374

m Agera

27, GN a ny cout & Rose; JAM & JM 2404, JAM & GN — (^, iji montana AM. Powell JAM & JM 2346, JAM & GN 2479

Dahlia sherffii Sorenson; JAM & JM 2373

Engeron MACIonaO - ' Nesom; T s GN 2372

T HSG 23151, JAM & IM 2371

2353 Posta (Benth. Rollins; DSC & HSG 23167, JAM & JM Erigeron rhizomactis G.L. Nesom; JAM & JM 234X

alinsoga subdiscoidea Cronquist; JAM & JM 2344, GN & JAM 6478

Tauschig

edulis (S. Wats.) J.M, Coult. & Rose; JAM & JM 2357

704

G 1 (F )Gl. Nesom: JAM & JM 2347

Senecio mohinorensis Greenm.; DSC & HSG 23 146, JAM & JM 2338

Senecio umbraculifera S. Wats.; DSC € HSG 23155, JAM & JM 2348

ine scalaris Greenm. var. scalaris; DSC & HSG 23144, JAM & JM

evia a A. Gray var. plummerae; JAM & JM 2339

Vetesha longifolia A. Gray; JAM & JM 2337

) B.L. Turner;

JAM & JM 2375

Crassulaceae

Sedum jaliscanum S. Wats.; JAM & Gi

Sedum chihuahuense S. Wats.; aisy & pu 23158, JAM & JM 2400,

JAM

Villadia pringlei Rose; JAM & JM 2379T, JAM & GN 247

Cyperaceae

Hii CyNeill & R Ayers; IAM &, IM 225 IYAIÀY

£ MELLE Dn Lf

JAM & JIM 2397 (XAL )

\AAL)

Fepecene

C Pcmith) Dafaill Q.

Lupinus r montanus Kunth subsp. nd ia Watson) Dunn €

Harmon; JAM & JM 2359

Gen

Haleniare recurva she ) Allen; 2E ee 2396

x G. Don) lltis; DSC & HSG 23143

Geraniacea

Geranium icu S. Wats.; DSC & HSG 23159

Geranium richardsonii James; JAM & JM 2380

Hydrophylla

Phacelia silicem Cav; JAM & JM 2355

lridaceae

Sisyrinchium convolutum Nocca; JAM & JM 2352

Juncaceae

DSC & HSG 23173, JAM & JM 2391, 2481, JAM

& GN 2494

Lamiaceae

Salvia microphylla Kunth; JAM & JM 23

tachys mohinora B.L. Turner; DSC & = 23181, JAM & JM 2387,

JAM & GN 2495

Liliaceae

Calochortus venustulus Greene; JAM & JM 2369

Melianthaceae

Zigadenus cf. elegans Pursh; JAM & JM 2410

Montiaceae

Montia perfoliata (Donn ex Willd.) Howell; JAM & JM 2368, JAM &

GN 2474

Onagraceae

fy = L

lid. ex Sprena.: JAM & JM 2367

F 3

banchaceae

Castilleja tenuifolia Mart. & Gal.; DSC & HSG 23147

Pot. Po A n ol

Nesom: JAM & JM 2402

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis decaphylla Kunth.; JAM & JM 2409

Piperaceae

Peperomia campylotropa AW. Hill; JAM & JM 2493

Plantagin

Penstemon rane ed Roth; JAM & JM 2386

DSC & HSG 17996

Penstemon mohinoranus Straw; JAM & JM 2370

ue n ety a s adr

IAM & IMA 9200

Poaceae

Bromus enin L.; JAM & JM 2393, GN & JM 64

Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.; DSC & jp 217 JAM & GN 2482

Festuca hintoniana Alexeev; JAM & GN

Festuea diclina cus Darbyshire; JAM amz bs ae

& HSC. 23175, JAM &JM 2394

Poa annua L.; JAM & JM 2358

Trisetum filifolium Scribn. ex Beal; DSC & HSG 23176

Polygonaceae

Rumex acetosella L.; JAM & JM 2363

Primul

Dodecarheon qt var. pulchellum (Raf.) Merr; JAM & GN

se orci Standl.; GN & JAM 6471

Primula rusbyi Greene; JAM & JM 2406, GN & JAM 6469

Ranunculaceae

9 1 NSC & HSG 23156, JAM & JM 2362

Thalictrum grandifolium S. Wats.; JAM & JM 2383, JAM & GN 2470,

GN & JAM 6457

Went adic L.f; JAM & JM 23

Hoods aoe (Pursh) Maxim, var. uis DSC & HSG 23182,

Rub

Golani Sa NES DC.; JAM & GN 2401, 247 i

Galium mexicanum Kunth subsp. asperrimum t Gray) Dempst

Salicaceae

Populus tremuloides Michx.; DSC & HSG 23186

M & JM 2389

Saxifraga eriophora S. Wats.; JAM & JM 2407

Solan

Solanum. epa Schtdl. & Bché; JAM & JM 2389, 2420

lanum demissum Lindl.; JAM &

Valerianaceae

Valeriana deltoidea Meyer; JAM & JM 2361

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Assistance in plant collection determinations were provided by Robert Adams, Rebecca van Deven

Hoch, the late Charlotte and ee Reeder, James Reveal, Gordon Tucker and Billie Turner. Tom

provided help

der, Peter

Wendt (TEX)

field

| plant coll 1 floristic databases, while

vehicles, with financial and herbarium support for undertaking fieldwork, were provided the Univers!

idad

McDonald et al., Alpine flora of Cerro Mohinora, Chihuahua, Mexico 705

Autonoma de A li (HUAA) and the I.N.LR.E.B. (now the Instituto de Ecología) in Xalapa, Veracruz

(XAL). We uk Richard S. Felger and jea Melgoza for their helpful comments on the manuscript.

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México, y su p érica. Phytocoenologia 22:

ALMEDA-LENERO, L., GIMENEZ DE AZCARATE, A. M. CLEEF, AND A. GONZALEZ TRAPAGA. 2004. Las comunidades vegetales del

zacatonal alpino de los volcanes Popocatépetl y Nevado de Toluca, región central de México. Phytocoenologia

34 i

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ALMEIDA-LENERO, L., M. ESCAMILLA, J. GIMENEZ DE AZCARATE, A. GONZALEZ TRAPAGA, AND A.M. CLEEF. 2007. Vegetación alpina de

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BEAMAN, J. 1962. Th berli f Iztaccihuatl and Popocatepetl, Mexico. Ecology 42:377-385.

BEAMAN, J. 1965. A preliminary logical dy of the alpine fl f Popocatepetl ji il |. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico

29:63-75.

BEAMAN, J. AND J.W. ANDRESEN. 1966. The vegetation, floristics and phytogeography of the summit of Cerro Potosi,

Mexico. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 75:1

CORRELL, D.S. 1960. A mule-train trip to Sierra Mohinora, Mp iin xiu »" ai vache

GIMENEZ DE AZCARATE, J. AND M. ESCAMILLA. 1999. | y les) en | t

ñas del centro E» Meco, ss aati oui 449-468.

GOLDMAN, E.A. 1 éxico1892-1906. Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 115:127-129.

LAUER, W. AND D. e 1975. Geoccolodical investigations on the timberline of Pico de Orizaba, Mexico. Arctic Alpine

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MCDONALD, J.A. 1990. The alpine-subalpine flora of nort! Mexico. Sida 14:21-28.

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Ramamoorthy, J. Fa, R. Bey, and A. Lot, e Oxford University

Press, New York. Pp. 681-703.

NARAVE, H. 1985. La vegetación del Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, México. Biótica 1:35-57.

PURPUS, C.A, spi riendo A E almeria 5 -—

RZEDOWSKI, J. 19 lands of Mexico. Taxon 24:67-80.

WEBB, R.G. AND R. TERME " 984. Terr kiii ii of thé Cerro Melinda Region, Chihuahua, Mexico. Southw.

Naturalist 29:243-246.

BOOK REVIEW

ASHOK GADGIL, LAWRENCE BERKELEY, and DIANA M. LIVERMAN (EDS.). 2010. Annual Review of Environment

and Resources, Volume 35, 2010. (ISBN: 978-0-8243-2335-6, hbk.). Annual Reviews, 4139 El Camino

Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, California 94303-0139, U.S.A. (Orders: www.AnnualReviews.org, sci-

ence@annualreviews.org, 1-800-523-8635, 1-650-493-4400). $80.00, 389 pp., 7%" x 9 %4".

The Annual Review of Environment and os, Volume 35, edited = Ashok S "hrs and Diana M. Liverman,

is an in depth overvie ] policy iss , development, and re-

source stir ay = isa Ei of popes by leading experts pi emerging reser in their re-

The review dii brácddoteis, es makers, and scholars in th i l and policy fields who

wish to be current on a particular subject, but who perhaps do not E time to consult the D journals

and periodicals RAN to miie the Hue ielqunation, The editors sho state that the Review targets

“non-scientist 1 wi li While non-scientists will ben-

efit from the in- dvi information dalla in the review, a a of the articles would require great persis-

tence on the part of a non-scientist to gl th desired information

TE RENEA is divided into three Mon sections "e first NAM *Earth's Life Support Systems,” offers

th ariety of i g logical impact of human activity on "e jue

world. The authors examine how | h bstantially altered nat

to identify and implement a variety of management options to control negative (patet

The second section, “Human Use of Environment and Resources,” provides a wide variety of in- -depth

analyses of the human behaviors var drive environmental degradation. Five articles address energy, water.

agriculture, urbanization, and lly friendly or “green” consumption patterns. The > articles provide

insights on the socio-economic drivers of human behavior and the respective consequences of that behavior

on the resource base at local, national, and international levels. The authors offer a variety of scenarios for fu-

ture research and change.

The third section, rain ein Guidance, and G fR J Environment,” makes the

link y ee 1 E . 4 . 3.3 tion to the

AEn) r 0 O

decision Mee arena. This secti ines the global i ted f} i the environ-

c E

ment A 1 t gir. . . " m : tved in resolv-

h economic, institutional, and political l re

ing environmental issues.

Four reoccurring themes rise to the surface when reviewing this compilation of ¿ articles—vulnerability,

resilience, adaptation, and A rescaling, All of the articles address one or more of these characteristics. To high-

light just a few, in the first section, authors Prose trong ¿and Kenneth Frank Mieres issues a vulnerability

and resilience of food webs. The aut! } sn food web quent loss of

large "apex’ ' predators on land and in wales has Som altered producericonsumer "eem and the

ecosystems th: them. They also chall fi less conspicuous organisms

in a food web as their plight may shed light on the ecosystem as a whole. Author, Klaus Kummerer, examines

human and environmental vulnerability to the deposition and transformation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic

environments. He states that the health risk to humans is poorly understood and makes the case for better

handling and use of pharmaceuticals at the source as well as fi I aceuticals

Wil dà» 101

Review continued on page 718

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 706. 2011 —

ANALISIS FLORISTICO DE UN PASTIZAL DEL ESTADO

DE QUERETARO, MEXICO

Erika lvonne Martinez-Montes

Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro

Facultad a sel Naturales

Cam

Maricela Gómez-Sánchez!, Ana Laura Suárez-Martínez

uriquilla

Avenida de wa cna s/n, 76230

Querétaro,Qro. MÉXI

gomezsauaq.mx

RESUMEN

& SPD pls 1 S xi. Be : EE HE a” México. E isgal

i A ENEY 1

éxico 1 fi

pistia: encinal, cacto-Acacia pastizal y anise biero) ys y se Longit 41 EG Wm AE 142 tado! ug variedades ty tres

subespecies Asteraceae, F:

troducidas: 27% demi 4 Hana hy lizad 30% l leral oson plantas

ULICAS, zi J T g

las q f i de i indicad de disturbio, de sobrep de vegetación secundaria y/o de

LI E

erosión En la fl 1.1 tad Pan He f£ 1 23. 7 1 1 1 PAN pt : j /=20/\,1.]

na : ] $ 1 los o Ala fl A Y. PC h A la

iJ 2 I t r

rf ] 1 f 1 E > kL: 1 4 4 t asi

7 t L e » E J

heb n n 1 esalto. Actualmente, el izal i 1 ig de d

E J 1 e F ja À.

oro provocados por el uso irracional de sus recursos.

PALABRAS CLAVE: formas de vida, México, pastizal, Querétaro, riqueza

ABSTRACT

A floristi dy of land f } rO Mexico i ted. In this grassland, tł 1

oak, cactus-Acacia. grassland, and open grassland) te families, "n len. 142 species, 8 varieties, xd 3 subspecies were HE

Fab Jp, Lun I Of the total taxa, pm were respi native, 896 intro-

duced, 27% endemic to Mexico, 2% rion e 399 dy or invasive. Weedy p overgrazed

áreas, secondary vegetation 1 Fl hf > ified within th land Wem herbaceous s ecies

"id g 8

Tebreseni z DS oe T Sth 223 1 A 1 1

dis. s. In «nii fat Ed . i: yi PRIE S 1 ee PR 1 E A y De AENA a Lud d 1

hi " E 5 En e EU -

igh level of end " 1 i 1 M ER "i : r r AEAT al 1 : z ise of

5 I At present, g slg pa > ;

the land.

Key Worbs: life forms, Mexico, grassland, Queretaro, richness

INTRODUCCION

Los pasti>a] wet te RE I xcd a i : thuc Se

sión total : k

ot l de árbol ustos (Zamudio et "i 1992). Estos he ae son ricos en AGEA O (que

aumentan er en relación con la Leu de la topografía), flora, fauna y microorganismos (Coupland 1979) y

Su presencia está determinada por condiciones climáticas, edáficas, topográficas, la actividad antrópica y la

Tue oo JD

1 hd iih i indosd

Tamal en áreas que origionlamegte pudieron haber estado cubiertas por bosque de Pinus y Quercus

(Rzedowski 1975) y otros, se han establ torral xerófilo. Los pastizales alpinos y subalpinos

ienen distribución Painia a i montañas sel centro ye sur de Mixio. Los pastizales de zonas áridas o

TMmiári la mavor

r r 1 o r 2 r 2 i Y

Mer para correspondencia

L ea

Bot Res. Inst Texas S(2): 707 - 717, 2011

708 I Po dab ox Bad Eas B Li 1 er

papa de pastizal natural en México. dpa existen HMM. detects por condiciones de

1 en el d 1 1

suelo y ue aquelos

bonato de as (Rzedowski y io de Rzedowski 1995). Así entonces, los pastizales se agrupan en tres

categorías: climáticos, edáficos y antropógenos.

Los pastizales se distribuyen, en todos los continentes, entre las latitudes de 60%N y 50°S, área que

equivale a 20% del total de tierra emergida (Moore 1982). En México, estos pastizales ocupan de 10 a 12% del

territorio y están mejor representados en el noroeste y la zona semiárida del centro (Rzedowski 1975). En el

estado de Quero, cuen 4. id de la superficie y se ubican en el llamado rincón meridional de Querétaro

(Zamudio et al. 19 Amealco, San Juan del Río y Huimilpan. Pequefios manchones aislados

de nese) se localizan en ien municipios 5 Marts coa, Geos y er Monter Esto repro

OlVe rsa

florística. Los pastizales sc son des cada vez más iei and eb debido a factores como las sequia el

fuego, | p por la intervención del SI Į

l t de å t ] lti a ios lalia ifcación de di

r E i

iru Nis Un estudio florísti fund l para conocer la riq de especies vegetales y lab

para generar y establecer estrategias de restauración, manejo y ión de | getales. En este

mbit tudió ición florística de un pastizal al sur del estado de Querétaro, México.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

El estado de Querétaro se localiza en el centro-este de México entre las Sa 200116" y 213538" de

CAM dile: y 99?00'46" y cun) del ongitud Oeste. La fi | it

i E t ry Pe | NIE

5 e k e c c 4 ii (Fig. 1). El área

E i i pe

1 l d ly irc de Q t Hidalg gion

ar ae El Neovolcánico (ig 1A). Esta área se localiza a 2.7 km al sur de la cabecera municipal del

tal Querétaro-Huimilpan (Fig. En y seubicaa los 20°24'68" de LN

y 100°15' 17" de LW , con una altitud promedio de 1980 msnm. E ficie de 3.3 km? que

asemeja un rectangulo (Fig. 1C). El suelo es de tipo vertisol pélico ce con beet y ani textura afina en bn lítica con

lecho rocoso entre 100 y 50 cm de profundidad (Anónimo, 1986). E n lluvias

en verano C(w,)(w) según la clasifi de Kóppen modificada por García (1981.

Elárea se deini: a partir de los datos originadas por Zamudio et al. (1992) y mediante la cartografía ed-

R ae el PR DE de Estadística, Aga e fniormanca (Anónimo iii La ee total q

Ys 1 d a mona

(GPS) estableciéndose cuatro anclas o os 20°2468"N i 1001131 17"O, 20°25 oN) y 100°15 31'0,

20°23'61"N y 100*1611"O, 20°24'77"N y 100*1608"O). E en el software AutoCad-12

con la carta topográfica “La Estancia” F-14- Caio: Cinco etar (Anónimo 1997) en escala 1:50,000

se gene el area con bleta digitali oordenadas | FEM. S en roue.

n ce hicieran d 1 1 : Pi 1viosa y los

5 obteni-

de las

et al.

1 * "d 1L

MEX. También se consideraron recolectas previa

das de la revision de los kerbaribs CHAPA, ENCB, IEB y MEXU (Holmgren et al. 1990). La identificación

especies se hizo mediante diversas obras florísticas (McVaugh 1983; Clayton y Renvoize 1986; Davidse

1994; Mickel y Smith 2004; Calderon de Rzedowski y Rzedowski 2005; diversas obras especializadas en los

grupos taxonómicos de monocotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas). La nomenclatura se actualizó con base ña

Dahlgren et al., 1985; Clayton y Renvoize (1986), Espejo-Serna et al. (2000), Valdés-Reyna y Barkworht (2002!

Leeroy y Smith 2004: ane et al. Sape el catálogo de Gramineas del Nuevo Mundo y la base de datos de

; t te por el Missouri Botanical Garden vía internet

(itp: pena org/W. 31/Search).

ri C€ínrhaz atal Analicic floristi i izal da Méxi

Gom 709

RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION

floristica

rd vod del cu eco i, ata consta de " beum À ; 1 ea y Me o Mos

asP

ls Liliopsida. conforman e lie la dora y las Magnoliopsida, con 68%, son las mas numerosas pues s son e

pre el mayor gru O.

Asteraceae (20/23), Falacia (12/ 14) r Poaceae (20/28) C sonic das con mayor riqueza E géneros dn tam-

bién mayor riqueza de especies. Estas f; 4096 (62) d y 46% (65) d

flora total del pastizal (Apéndice). Esta composición cuantitativa y la predominancia dee estas familias c consti-

tuye un aspecto muy peculiar de las regiones montañosas al igual que de |

México (Rzedowski 1972, 1978, 1991a; Rzedowski y Calderón de led 1989; Villaseñor 2003) Además

de Asteraceae, Fabaceae y Poaceae, también es importante la presencia de otras ocho familias en el pastizal

(Cactaceae, Convolvulaceae, y eund esti OS Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae y Solanaceae).

Estas once familias aportan 70% del total g el 30% restante lo suministran 30 familias

(Apéndice). Entre los géneros con mayor EORR de especies, destacan Solanum, Bouteloua, Salvia, Stevia,

lpomoea y Oxalis. La relevancia de la familia Cactaceae y los géneros Salvia y Stevia, por su riqueza de especies,

esun rasgo poco registrado en pastizales de otras partes del mundo.

Del total de las especies, solo 8% son introducidas, de éstas, cinco provienen de Europa, cuatro de África

probablemente del sur del Sahara (Rzedowski y Calderón de Rzedowski 1990), una es de origen asiático-afri-

cano, una euro-asiática y una de — PO El 2% " es especies son naturalizadas, el 27% son en-

démicas de México y el 39% o son plantas invasoras, en las

que su presencia se puede Haero como omes de disturbio, de soblapaciodid; de vegetación se-

cundaria y/o de erosión. A pesar de las especies introducidas, la flora nativa del pastizal es sustantiva pues

representa más del 90% del total are (Cuadro 2, Apéndice).

Acnert fis fl Š ui n Š

AU lori istico

Ely pastizal es está eran por id áreas bien definidas que, de acuerdo a su fisonomía y composición flo-

rística y atendiendo a los criterios de Shreve (1942), Leopold (1950) y Gentry (1957) se identificaron como

pastizal-encinal, cacto-Acacia-pastizal y pastizal abierto.

1. Pastizal-encinal.—Esta asociación alberga especies características de clima templado como: Adiantum

poiretii, Astrolepis sinuata, Cheilanthes kaulfussii, Ch. lindheimeri, Poo cordifolia, Phlebodium areolatum,

Polypodium thyssanolepis, Q tanea, Q. deserticola, Salvi JUN. reptans. Asimismo,

PE] del nacti-al

habitan especies de g as de gran porte tales como: Aristida adscensionis, B bata var. barbata,

B. hirsuta var. hirsuta, B. repens, Lycurus phleoides, Fiptochaetiüm Mabie spa y Setaria od op oe Esta área

a meS paie y una mee barranca con gran cant

: P g l ión lluviosa. Est lici facilit laf ale ae a microhab

Pu id pe 1 Get Ana

tats que alh

da,

En en anteriores, posiblemente su AE do PA sin v embargo, E em inmoderada redujo el

T TO erc que originó una r pensables para el

e imi

E de otras eee E

2. Cacto-Acacia- -pastizal.—Los componentes wd esta asociación son gramíneas a o corta que se ex-

tienden como césped entre las herbaceas. Est ciadas con de Opuntia y Mimosa

oem à gran distancia) y algunas otras herbáceas que crecen junto a ellas. Destacan por su presencia

scencionis, Bouteloua hirsuta var. hirsuta, Bouteloua dactyloides, Hilaria cenchroides y Setaria

be Esta área whee una eade suave con afloramiento ho we rocas, bos que, por intem-

mo físico h c oen

Caso cti ^

38 albergar VERE a EU Esta área tiene mayor extensión que el pastizal-encinal y Irem a

el total del área del Pu Sai oa su extension, su | riqueza florística es menor por la escasez de

Microhábitats yI

por el uso y J

710 i 5(2)

J owe

1002318" 100'1319

A B

Fic. 1 1 Im CY SENE] Él. oe z A Sa ee er

hi sn Ani n i la ce Ec d CR | la dictrit

fisonómico-florísticas, PE = pastizal encinal, CAP = Cacto-Acacia-pastizal, PA= pastizal abierto.

3. Pastizal abierto.—Esta superficie alberga una vegetación pobre en la que los componentes son prona

ELS: E Aa 3 DURAN PA elles ATUS s

tall t 1

coma

Ly e

1 F y F B hir-

son escasos, Las gramíneas más ahindant Arictida adecrencinnic Routeloua barbata Var. barbata, ^ ui

suta var. hirsuta, Cynodon dactylon, Lycurus phleoides y Microchloa kunthii. Los representantes de la a:

getes lle

Asteraceae son: Erigeron janivultus, Perymenium buphthalmoides, Piqueria trinervia, Stevia serrata y "

cida. Est EN MT e dir lg 4 PM : ALS emerg algunas espe

: HMM d P à acando

y Cyperaceae, Convolvulaceae y Oxalidaceae, entre otras, dest indi

Bulbostylis funckii, Castilleja lithospermoides, Cyperus seslerioides, Desmodium grahamii, Eryngium s joe

de : i

Evolvulus prostratus, Ipomoea capillacea, Oxalis corniculata, O. decaphylla, O. lunulata, Macroptilium g! de

um. Phwtol j ] 7 iH unl: Tut fs fria As las Areas en las que se distr buye est

i y i a topografía y sup RU

asociación son similares a las encontradas en la asociación cacto-Acacia-pastizal. Los microhábitats ed

SOS y están ] fi las de las r

t I las li2Uldo y

kal d T E LA EA

E pi ras y UN

En general, todo el pastizal muestra un estrato rasante de gramíneas cespitosas y plantas rastre a

estrato herbáceo con gramíneas y especies de Asteraceae. Plantas leñosas como Acacia farnesiand We

] : 1 :

. fi n s taneay

ana, A. schaffneri var. schaffneri I i var. biuncifera, Quercus cas

(no 1. Participació ane peces veg por grup tn

Grupos Familias Géneros Especies Subspecies Variedades

Pteridophyta 4 6 7 - -

Magnoliophyta

i 7 29 38 1 2

Magnoliopsida 32 76 97 z 3

Total 41 111 142 3 8

Origen Número de especies Porcentaje de especies

Nativas 130 92

Indicadoras de disturbio 56 39

Endémicas 38 27

introducidas 12 8

Naturalizadas 3 2

Q. desercticola, algunas epífitas como Tillandsia recurvata y trepadoras como Cissus verticillata son escasas o

poco abundantes.

En este pastizal de origen secundario, además de la presencia de especies de Poaceae, Asteraceae y

Fabaceae hay otros componentes importantes. Bouchetia erecta, Solanum marginatum y S. rostratum destacan

entre las ča] Qu. mb Lamiaceae; Coryphantha

, S. mexicana var. mexicana y S. rep

ottonis, Stenocactus dichroacanthus, Opuntia tomentosa, O. streptacantha entre las Cactaceae; Evolvulus alsinioi-

des, E. prostratus, Ipomoea capillacea entre las Convolvulaceae; Oxalis corniculata, O. decaphylla entre las

Oxalidaceae y algunas pteridofitas xerófilas y/o mesofíticas como Adiantum poiretii, Astrolepis sinuata,

Cheilanthes lindheimeri, Pellaea cordifolia, y Phlebodium areolatum.

] j ] ae : ee

n cualquier [ I

alm te d LE £r

x24. | T^ ioc

1 snb

Y r i i

Ty EE OEA RIE AE KPEE MUR 1 hondonadas, ranuras

, comelinas y asteráceas.

especial]

I I

entre rocas y algunas asociaciones vegetales entre opuntias, mimosas, gramíneas

Estos microambientes, por ser sitios inaccesibles al ganado, favorecen el desarrollo de gramineas con mayor

Porte asi como la riqueza floristica.

El Pastizal-encinal es dos veces (43%) más rico que el Pastizal abierto y sobrepasa en riqueza al Cacto-

Acacia-pastizal en un 17%. | jueza florística s da en el pastizal pesar de tener, junto con

elcacto-Acacia-pastizal, mayor extensión, Esta diferencia en composición florísti plica por la escasez de

microhábitats, por la escasa presencia de arbustos y herbáceas y posiblemente por el manejo que se hace del

área (pastoreo excesivo y no planeado).

¿En las tres zonas del pastizal habitan especies comunes entre sí y otras exclusivas a cada una. El pastizal

mal alberga una mayor riqueza de especies exclusivas, seguido por el cacto-Acacia-pastizal y el pastizal

abierto, El cacto-Acacia-pastizal y el pastizal-encinal comparten 24% de las especies registradas en todo el

pastizal y 18% de | i id las tres areas.

I I I

À nivel de familia (Apéndice), ocho (Apocynaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cistaceae,

Crassulaceae, Fagaceae, Papaveraceae y Polypodiaceae) crecen de manera exclusiva en el Pastizal encinal. El

Cacto-Acacia-pastizal alberga cinco familias exclusivas (Amaryllidaceae, Onagraceae, Plantaginaceae,

“midaceae y Viscaceae) y en el Pastizal abierto los famili exclusivas (Malvaceae y Verbenaceae).

Existe una clar 1 E 1 : izal inal

ral woes 1 : la tava evrh1 erune

es más ri T : jt ! G

` Más rico y también tiene más taxa exclusivos. El resto de los taxa son compartidos por dos o las tres aso-

“aciones del pastizal.

E | £1 UNI Jal *2 1 : I Jad

xX 4

1 | 1 CF | A feti f ác dol añ lp Ant

Aristida adscensionis, I hleoides y Microchloa kunthii forman una carpeta venta! continua a mane

césped durante la estación seca (otoño-invierno). No obstante, existe la presencia de otras gramíneas como

at Ws pd var. pou B. inis var. hirsuta, B. pc pra entre otras.

tel i rano) ambio en la composición específica de la

carpeta vegetal rasante. La presi de gramíneas se ve opacada por el desarrollo de numerosas plantas

efímeras bulbosas y rizomatosas que provocan marcados cambios en la menom qe un corto periodo

de tiempo, después de la aparición de las lluvias. En este periodo destacan: E tus, Evolvulus pros-

tratus, Ipomoea capillacea, Macroptilium reote poten Milla mote Oxalis corniculata, O. ) decaphyla, O. —

ta, LA bom MIS ii Zornia oer Los el q ituy j

= 1 1 k. ] 1 Aat de

ZEE

iced bexbdetas de mayor tamaño.

En el cacto-Acacia-pastizal y en el pastizal abiert

sas- compuestas-comelinas-gramíneas- -opuntias, mimosas- opc mimosas-asteráceas, opuntias-asterá-

nes la riqueza flo-

heervan aenciaciane«s f f mimo

ceas-gramíneas, opuntias-asteráceas y opuntias-gramíneas. Al a d g

rística es mayor.

a " vida

t do EE de vid i ] | l Las herbáceas contribuyen

ri i el 85

con aee más de la mitad de las especies e y junto con dis arbustos yl

de la 1959 : f. hi nlAai ac (Cuadro

l, mientras que, e

3). Fabaceae (4), Solanaceae (4) Convolvulaceae (3), aca (3) y Asteraceae (3) son las familial con mayor

numero de formas de vida. No ip den una entre la Puit específica y la riqueza de formas de

vida, pues C lvul i iet

Las especies peers Runden un 1 porcentaje ee de la flora del pastizal, lo que distingue, €n

general, a las floras d y dein de Ree 1989). Las e

h debido la ide arbol iolac aves n

ERAI su agente de CRAP AG tampoco lada por el mismo do: Las plantas pen también son esca

sas, solamente en el pastizal-encinal se llega a establecer una especie por la humedad férica que se core

serva en "e lugar.

h f id E : Lx f, o el creci-

miento de otras jaa Éstas últimas quedan EERS de la disiceeión y del ramoneo por animales al-

canzando mayor porte.

Análisi io di sp atl. RN cix oq. d x Pal :cano

) IS y P E nodi

Por su aspecto fisonómico-florístico y l dici de aridez, este pastizal tiene una marcada similitu 3

el pastizal de Bouteloua y el cacto-Acacia-pastizal del estado di Durango (Gentry 1957) y los p

Hilaria cenchroides y Bouteloua dactyloides del Valle de México (Cruz 1969). Los pastizales del estace

Meus tienen menor d a aes familiar, oo y especifico. Para dica de México, Cruz (1969) st

: u Opuntia-Zaluzania-Mimosa y bosque de Quercus mor

phylla c con una D taxonómica eu a tee 31 a y = legge menor que la del pastizal

Querétaro. Sola s, Q. rugosa, Q. texcocand

ere

y Matorral de Opuntia terepütanihà, Zaluzania-Mimosa Gru Dildo vs var. sea superan al pastizal qu

tano en su riqueza — 4).

15 Durango se tiene la

omparté

I. ]

Al comparar | izal de Querétaro con los del p ti

coincidencia de 27(73%) Gudiliss 43(4696) géneros y 17(13%) especiós El pastizal queretano c d

14(58%) familias, 22(43%) géneros y 6(10%) especies con el Cacto-Acacia-pastizal de Durango. Con el past

de Hilaria cenchroides del Valle de México comparte 29(55%) familias, 53(41%) géneros y 37 (16%) especi

fi Cis. atal Andlicic flaricti J o O Y S

Cuaoro 3. Formas de vida presentes en la flora del pastizal.

forma de vida Nümero de especies Porcentaje

Hierbas perennes 53 37

OS 24 17

Hierbas anuales 23 16

Rizomatosas 20 14

Bulbosas 6 4

Trepadoras 5 3.5

Crasicaules 4 3

3 2

Parásitas 2 14

Epifitas 1 0.7

Rastreras 1 0.7

(040804. Comparación por riqueza y superficie de la flora del pastizal de Queré pastizales de México. Méx. = México, CAP = cacto-Acacia-pastizal,

P=Pastizal, PA = pastizal abierto, PE = pastizal-encinal.

Región Familias Géneros Especies Superfide Clima Altitud Asociación Referencia

(Km?) (msnm)

Durango 37 94 134 P. de Bouteloua Gentry (1957)

rango 24 51 63 Cacto-Acacia-pastizal Gentry (1957)

Vallede Méx. 53 130 233 380 2300-2700 P. de Hilaria cenchroides Cruz (1969)

Valle de Méx. 14 31 35 140 2250-2400 P. de Bouteloua dactyloides Cruz (1969)

Querétaro 42 111 142 3.33 C(w,)w 1980-2460 CAP, PE, PA Este trabajo

mientras que, co pastizal de Bouteloua dactyloides del Valle de México comparte 10(71%) familias, 15(48%)

géneros y 15(43%) especies.

Este pastizal queretano, a pesar de su reducida extensión, alberga una riqueza florística significativa-

mente mayor a las registradas por Gentry (1957) y al pastizal de Bouteloua dactyloides descrit Cruz (1969).

El pastizal de Hilaria cenchroides del Valle de México, es el único que sobrepasa al pastizal estudiado, no ob-

stante, la riqu gi la para este pastizal de Querétaro es sustantiva si consideramos que la extensión de

los otros pastizales sobrepasa en más de 100 veces la de éste último.

Atendiendo a los criterios de evolución de 1 pastizales (Johnston 1963; Burkart 1975; Rzedowski 1975;

Moore 1982) y la información proporcionada por los lugareños se asume que el pastizal estudiado es de tipo

secundario producto de lai ART uis J; x ne i =

: od

fac i 1 A ee S :

tores que han ido seleccionando a las especies resistentes. Es posible que este sit h d

u : eM

n bosque templado de Quercus, no obstante, la tal derad

1 id age A to de herbáceas Baio

estas ici isi i

condiciones las especies de Poaceae y Ast vieron favorecidas por su capacidad de adaptación a

s 3 TT 1 is y 5 x Qi A

55005 ambientes cambiantes. Así, ig donde

al pastizal POSE ] 4 ]

paso

Ls £ 1 CARS

bla TE) URP f EE ; F ; j

: ndo de elementos característicos de l xerófilo y originándose así el cacto-Acacia-pastizal. Este tipo

repoblación, en pastizales Ca A c e MALE Quei | : (Yeaton 1995).

ls Este pastizal está sometido al sobrepastoreo por ganado caprino, ovino y equino. Aristida adscensionis,

telua barbata var. barbata, Bouteloua dactyloides, Eragrostis mexicana ssp. virescens y Lycurus phleoides son

ĉspecies indicadoras OS ON EN PONES" ripis AS A E 1 3

> s r t o

Poe la "ids gua de la Mes de gramíneas. Las especies más apetecidas yeu ante ne

‘ ins po ymorpha, Arcos dactylon, Digitaria ciliaris, Pa palum denticulatum (pis cuin

E ew son sustituidas por otras de oral valor forrajero im Aristida ascensionis, Eragrostis

» Microchloa kunthii, Muhlenbergia capillaris, Nassella mucronata y Piptochaetium fimbriatum.

714 i i ras 5(2)

E A tartedi B1 cid culis 1delp z E o i ix

tC ucl

Tet 1 A I 1

lado ele aac del oriental erii: n y se ve favorecido p su cma S fresco M I E de lad-

eras inclinadas. No obstante y

de Quercus, basta abore d no es Mia = j invasión de especies como Melinis repens y Eius multiflora.

1 d

t Py e d puuicia

o r

A . » 17 2 | 2 ^Lal 1

ER oa 1 despl pastizal

CONSIDERACIONES FINALES

Fete nactizal f ícti 1 d A £c dol QOX A

r r r

‘ : 1

vas. No ante: este uin i lg g de det p d por el pastoreo ex-

n E das i] : E P A ]

cesivo y pl | También, E

1 1 1 J Til

pastizal (cl

sito de personas además se eei mies o SR pues E Ded es npr pori un camino

trucción

Escolásticas. l la constri

> r

1 . A 1

r O A

ro Pt F o F si

ARE Md a a AS 1

d lb , Será

vación dirigidas a preserva esta comunidill Vegetal y sus ls espettés. De no ser así, los factores de deterioro

continuarán alterando el pastizal de tal manera que en un futuro la Hora nativa je: ser remplazada a la

invasión de especies exóticas y no deseables. Por otra parte, la d

Ee con la formación = ier grees una X pigs gradual de la rique florística del

Das bi i provocando

pastizal yl 1a Cubierta veg y J E F ^

"wA pue aL.

Asl bs t 1 * 1

VYeettal y UE SUCIO,

APÉNDICE 3

see ete ee gu Sua ae inal, CAP ae ne A Li ! DA basal pe E wa Eri i cot

hal I | AA ica-/ Asia, A= africa, EAs=E iati ani EuropeaE j

d indicad de disturbio (d), de erosión (e), d ) si l maleza ruderal (mr) o

h laria (vs). Las f. de vid hal A = árbol = arbusto, B = bulbosa, C= nier epífita,

HA = hierba anual, HP hierba p , P = parásita, RA = rastrera, RI alot, na trrepadora

PTERIDOPHYTA E-PA HA

Nativa, s, P

POLYPODIACEAE ea nii (Steud.) C. B. Clark, dg >

RA : b.& Bonpl. ex Willd.) J. Sm, Nativa, PE, RI Carex humboldtiana Steud., Nativa, d, is:

PA, RI

Ditka By UA D lotzch, Nativa, PE, yperus seslerioides Kunth, Nativa,

ef d E raun: Or otci, Nativa, PEA gaya mexicana (C. B. Clarke ex tenis Reznicek & McVaug

PTERIDACEAE iva, Suo CAP-PE-PA

AR poiretii heras Nagios és RI

Renham & Windha Nati Poacea ida

i um Agrostis ena re pr Sterns & Poggenb, Introduc

; = i Eu), Naturalizada,

Poca MM Kunze, Nativa, PE, RI

' , E-PA,

Cheilanthes lindheime eri Pook, Nn A PE, RI hiso adscensionis L. a 5. CN Endémica, CAP-PE

Pellaea cordifolia Sm., Nativa, PE, RI Bouteloua barbata Lag. var. barbata, 5

LILIOPSIDA (Monocotyledoneae) Boute loa dcndbidas (Nutt) Columbus, Nativa, s e »

Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. var. hirsuta Nativa, Endémica, CA Endémica

Amaryllidac Bouteloua "nien (E. Fourn.) Columbus, Nativa,

Ze thi pas Herb,, Nativa, d, CAP B PA, H -pA HP

Antheri E (Kunth) Scribn., Nativa, ene a

Echeandia oo (Schult. & Schult. f.) Cruden, Nativa, d, CAP- pie scorpioides Lag, Nativa, Endémica, CAP-

PE, H Chloris virgata Sw., Nativa, d, s, e, d, CAP-PE pA RI

Pci nana (Baker) Cruden, Nativa, CAP-PE, HP Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Introducida (Eu), ma, mr, HA

" Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Ko ativa, d, CAP-PE-PA, f), PE HA

i PE m Eleusine multiflora Hochst. ex A. Rich., mon (Af) FEE re

andsia recurvata L., Nativa, Endémica, CAP-PE, E Eragrostis mexicana ssp. virescens (J. Presl.

Commelinaceae Vega, Nativa, d, mr, s, CAP-PE-PA, HA

mmelina tut L., Nativa, CAP-PE, HP Hilaria oda unth, Nativa, s, CAP-PE-PA, HP

Lycurus phleoides Kunth, Nativa, s, d, CAP-PE-PA, RI

ae EL 2 lite aries 4 fasi da BEES

UUMEE L

Melinis Aaa (Willd.) Zizka, Introducida p vs, CAP, HP

Michrochloa kunthii Desv., Nativa, CAP-PE-PA, HP

tebe capi (Lam) Trin, dra Enda CAP-PE, HP

Mul émica, CAP-PE, HA

Nassella nata (Kunth) R. W. uo Nativa, pa HP

Panicum hallii Vasey, Nativa, CAP, HP

Aave denticulatum Trin. Nativa, CAP-PE,

en Alain ex k FOGE, Nativa; s ie. PE-PA, Ml

Schyzachyrium ci (Hack) W & Standl., Nativa vut RI

$ (R ) Alston, Nativa, CABHP

Setaria parviflora (poir) Kerguélen, Nativa, PE-PA,RI

Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br., Nativa, CAP-PE ,HP

Themidaceae

Milla biflora Cav., Nativa, mr, vs, CAP, B

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (Dicotyledoneae)

Acanthaceae

Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb., Nativa, Endémica, PE, HP

Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Ness, Nativa, CAP-PE, RI

ranthaceae

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin €: Clemants, Nativa, ma,

Nativa, m, vs, CAP-PE,HP

Apiaceae

En 2 A r mel n

Y Nativa, Endémica, CAP-PE-PA, HP

Apocynaceae

Asclepias linaria Cav., Nativa, d, CAP-PE, AR

Mandevilla foliosa (Mull. Arg) Hemsl., Nativa, Endémica, PE, AR

Asteraceae

Anernti,

9 petiolaris ( &S DC.) R.M. King &H. Rob., Nativa

Endémica, d, CAP, AR

Barklovanth PATRI IS

Rob & Brettel, Nativa, Endémica

d, AR

Brickellia mente A. Gray, Nativa, CAP, AR

Cosmos bi ipinnatus Cav., Nativa, ma, mr, PE, HA

id (Vent.) Hitchc., Nativa, d, ma, mr, PE, HA

nts L. Nesom, Nativa, CAP-PA, H

ischmannia igi (Less.) R. M. King & H. Rob., Nativa,

Endémica, vs,

enin ma pinn tiva, d, CAP-PE, HA

— (Kunth) G. L. Nesom, Nativa, ma, mr, vs, CAP, HA

M nium buphthalmoides DC., Nativa, Endémica, PE-PA, HP

E (Less.) Less., segu vs, PE, HP

Piqueria trin rvia Cav., Nativa, CAP-PE-PA,

Peearephalum stramineum gio Anderb., Nativa, d, ma,

Psi

i “ond api Sch. Bip. ex Hemsl., Nativa, ma, mr, PE, HA

eracleifolia (Hemsl.) H. Rob & Brettel, Nativa, Endémica,

Schkuhria pinn ind

Stevia pilos

Il. Nativa, d, ma, mr, CAP HA

Mela . Nativa, Endémica, CAP, HP

e p Nativa, Endémica, VS, PE-PA, RI

tephra B. L. Rob, Nativa, Endémica, PE, HP

getes lúcida ca Nati á

-, Nativa, Endémi PA,

Taget h is emica, d, VS, A, RI

Xan

EN Native, Endémica, + mr, vay HA

cen Nativa,

eph a

Zalug,

ania augusta irapa Bip, Nativa, UE p

Brassicaceae

Eruca sat

iun Sativa Mill. Introducida (Eu), pa ma, mr, PE, HA

m latifolium L., introducida (Eu

715

Cactaceae

Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem., Nativa, CAP-PA, C

S lich hus (Mart. ex Pfeiff.) A. B ex Backeb &

F. M. Knuth, Nativa, CAP, C

p 7 Endémica, CAP-PE-PA, C

Opuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck, Nativa, CAP-PE, C

Cistaceae

Heli. h (1 yi ex DC., Nativa, d, vs, PE, HP

J E 3

Convolvulaceae

Fidi alsinoides L., Nativa, m, CAP-PEHP

volvulus prostrates B. L. Rob., Nativa, CAP-PE-PA, RA

os capillacea (Kunth) G. Don, Nativa, Endémica, vs, CAP-

p R & Schult., Nativa, Endémica, CAP, A

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Nativa, ma, mr, PE, T

Crassulaceae

Echeveria secunda Booth ex Lindl., Nativa, PE, HP

uphorbia

corn canine Ortega, Nativa, Endémica, CAP-PE, AR

communis L., Introducida (Af), CAP-PE, AR

Fabaceae

Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. var. farnesiana, Nativa, Endémica, m,

vs, CAP, Al

Acacia sn egg? (S. Watson) F. J. Herm. var. schaffneri, Nativa,

Endém

Bonis inten media Moric., Nativa, PE, AR

Brongniarti tia magnibracteata : sei es wa PE, AR

son, Nativa, PE, HP

Cologania pra Kunth, Nativa, E F

Dalea foliol Aiton) B by foliol Nativa, PA, HA

Desmodium grahamii A. Gray, Nativa, Endémica, PA, HA

Havardia Meis nl ) d & Rose, Nativa, PE, AR

Nissolia micr a Poir, N

Macro Ad "as picis Oa A. Delgado, Nativa, CAP-PE-

pees var. biuncifera (Benth.) Barneby, Nativa,

CAP-PE, AR

p lis (Viv.) H. S. lewin & Barneby, Nativa, vs, PE AR

Zornia thymifolia Kunth, Nativa, CAP-PE-PA, HP

gaceae

Quercus castanea Née, Nativa, Endémica, PE, A

Quercus deserticola Trel., Nativa, Endémica, PE, A

HMM.

Ort Nativa, Endémica, d

Salvia mexicana L. var. mexi icana, ic NR maie A CAP-PE, HP

Salvia reptans Jacq., Nativa, Endémica, PE, HP

Loranthaceae

Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. Don, Nativa, CAP-PE, AR

brotes.

Cuphea aequipetala Cav., Nativa, CAP-PE, HP

nes Link., Nativa, CAP-PE, AR

Malvaceae

Sida linearis Cav., Nativa, PA, HP

Oleaceae

Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr., Nativa, CAP-PE, AR

Onagraceae

Gaura hexandra Ortega ssp. hexandra, Nativa, CAP, HP

716

Orobanchaceae

id. a

j p h, Nativa, Endémica, CAP-PA, HP

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis corniculata L., Introducida (Eu), ma, mr, vs, PE-PA, RI

Oxalis decaphylla Kunth, Introducida (AA), CAP-PE-PA, B

Oxalis lunulata Zucc., Nativa, CAP-PE-PA, B

Papaveraceae

Argemone mexicana L., Nativa, m, PE, HA

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca icosandra L., Nativa, d, m, CAP-PE-PA, HP

Plantaginaceae

Plantago nívea Kunth, Nativa, CAP, HP

Polemoniacea

Loeselia aa (Cav.) G. Don, Nativa, d, CAP-PE, HP

Loeselia mexicana gels Brand, Nativa, d, vs, PE, AR

Rham

Condalia, velutina "n Johnst, T eatin PE, AR

) Zucc., Nativa, Endémica

vs, CAP-PE, AR

Rubiaceae

Itdl., Nativa, Endémica, d, CAP-PE, AR

Di-k. VETE E E.

ewis

& R. L. Oliver, Nativa, PA, HP

Scrophulariace

Buddleja iid Kunth, Nativa, CAP, AR

Buddleja sessiliflora Kunth, Nativa, d, mr, CAP-PE-PA, AR

Solan

Kudos erecta DC. ex Dunal, Nativa, Endémica, d, CAP-PE-PA, HP

num amesicanum Mn Nativa. d HP

c. ICA

PA, T

Solanum marginatum L. f., Introducida (Af), Naturalizada, mr, vs,

Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti, Nativa, ma, mr, vs,

Solanu robai um Greenm., Nativa, PE,

— lanum rostratum Dunal, Introducida (?), be ma, mr, vs, CAP-PE-

A, HA

Verbenaceae

Verbena canescens Kunth, Nativa, PA, HP

Viscaceae

P ac. j (DC ) Nutt., Nativa, CAP AR

Vitaceae

Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E. Jarvis, Nativa, CAP-PE, T

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Se ALCLUIIUAM

del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología a través del proyecto

29106N. N. Agradecemos a los curadores de los herbarios CHAPA, ENCB, IEB y MEXU las atenciones y su dis-

Se agradece a David Flores Jaramillo E aay Nava Mos prn su tee” enel

twabaie de Finalment

E O

y o

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718 i Institut 50)

BOOK REVIEW (CONTINUED)

ASHOK GADGIL, LAWRENCE BERKELEY, and DIANA M. LIVERMAN (EDS.). 2010. Annual Review of Environment

and Resources, Volume 35, 2010. (ISBN-13: 978-0-8243-2335-6, hbk.). Annual Reviews, 4139 El Camino

Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, California 94303-0139, U.S.A. (Orders: www.AnnualReviews.org,

science@annualreviews.org, 1-800-523-8635, 1-650-493-4400). $80.00, 389 pp., 7 ?&" x 9 %".

(Review continued from page 706)

In section two, Benjamin Sovacool and Marilyn Brown discuss energy security and the vulnerability of

industrialized nations as they adjust to the challenges of climate change. The authors argue that a nation’ re-

silience to these changes is dependent upon four components: “availability, affordability, efficiency, and envi-

ronmental stewardship.” They use these components to develop an “Energy Security Index” and test it on 22

OECD member countries with the results indicating a great disparity between the highest performers and

those with weak or deteriorating energy security. Author, Karl Zimmerer, offers a discussion of how “land use,

ironmental shifts” affect the vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation of biologi

cal diversity in ag develops a f ing “four conceptual nodes” to achieve a greater under

standing of biological diversity in agriculture across local, national, and international levels. Karen Seto and

colleagues examine the relationship between urbanization and the environment offering insight on the his

toric adaptations and contemporary rescaling of urban environments to meet the needs of changing demo-

graphics and economic development worldwide. The authors maintain that rapid urbanization can lead to

sustainability due to the forces of “agglomeration, increased innovation, and increased wealth” and conclude

by laying out the challenge of changing the “scale, form, and rate” of urban growth to foster opportunities for

sustainability.

In section three, Liliana Andonova and Ronald Mitchell address issues of rescaling environmental poli-

tics. They argue that in our increasingly connected world, environmental politics and governance are being

rescaled vertically—d ls to local and provincial g ts and upwards to “supranational” entities

such as international NGOs and multi/transnationals. They are also being rescaled horizontally across Te-

gional and sectoral organizations as well as across disciplines such as trade and security. These shifts reflect

changes in the “magnitude, complexity, and interconnectedness” of global environmental problems. Author

J.R. McNeill, concludes the Review with a retrospective piece on the field of environmental history. His article

offers environmental history lessons from around the world that provide glimpses into the vulnerability and

1 21 + S A t ]

climate change, and social-envi

1 1 LP TX

— an dn id y of both huma ystems. His piece offers food

i thought on t iti i d ] 1 $2 L: P, REA «iral wO

d ghe rr ul ICLAUU TST W AILLE LLL md de

= tU a ff. n E : : ;

i fd l lers as well as summary pointsa

identification of future research needs at the end. The Review, however, is not a book to be kept on ones night

stand as it takes focus and concentration, even for someone with a scientific background. Ultimately, ! found

the Review to be extremely informative. Many of the articles offer intriguing insights on exciting fields ot Te

search for exploring the interconnectedness of human behavior and environmental degradation —G""

Michele Thomas, Texas Master Naturalist & BRIT Volunteer, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 Universi

Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

N N AE

J, Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 718. 2011

ALFAROA HONDURENSIS (JUGLANDACEAE) NUEVO GENERO Y NUEVA

ESPECIE PARA EL SALVADOR Y UNA EXTENSION SIGNIFICATIVA

DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y DE LA VARIACIÓN TOPOGRÁFICA

DE UNA ESPECIE VULNERABLE

E Paulson Priebe José L. Linares

ersity of India SalvaNATURA

Fundación Ecologica Salvadorena

School of hue and ent Affairs

Center for the Study of Institutions, nod dide 33 Av. Sur 640 Col. Flor Blanca

Chan

San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A.

and Environmental

408N d n" Bloomington, diana 47408, U.S.A. info@salvanatura.org

oepauls@indiana.e

RESUMEN

Alfaroa hond iLO Willi Jugland y 1 licen’ peci la y vul ble y gi primera vez

para El Salvador. A i ía q lémica de Hond Sey ] r letallada de la especi de su fenología y

del hah: El D. x A cina 1 " : a 1

Mn ht Fl Salad í la exploració los bosq ig Hond y la para lograr un mejor enten-

dimienta del l; ad $i sfs 4f 1

r O e P'O Li

PALABRAS C T av Alf i 1 E El Salvador. P. I Nari 1M : Trifinio

ABSTRACT

Alfaroa hondurensis L.O. V (Jugl ‘ ly listed ] land vulnerable species, i led for the first ti El

Salvador. Previously thought T dg only to Hond detailed iption of the sf phenology and the habitat where it found

inEl Parque Nacional Montecristo are provided. The finding of g lends supr } inued ion of the cloud f.

region in Fl Salwad n f. 1 1 - : 1 1 ir + LI 1 n 1 1 3 E

the veooranh; 1 1 f. a

some o 57

Key WORDS: Alfaroa, cloud forest, El Salvador, M isto National Park, Trifinio

INTRODUCCIÓN

El Parque Nacional Montecristo, el cual forma pee del area MI. nhe una pu relativamente pue

te de

explorada y botánicamente muy rica, de uno de los

Centroamérica, extendiéndose hasta ns vecinas aenea y does Como una € es más s importantes

áreas protegidas de El Salvador, h

No obstante, debido a la falta de facil acceso en Micas dr áreas de la región de TENA nebuloso del Gaii y

la dificultad de obtención de permisos, los árboles de las regiones más altas del parque están relativamente

inexplorados.

De oe a ent = rage " ro autora kenn d un os en El Parque Nacional Montecristo, que

incluyó tp de 20 x 20 m cada 500 m en un muestreo

led estratificado en la porción de bosq buloso del parque. E ~ pe — -

Alfaroa hondur, urensis. Esta pl » A eae Oey 1

Pais (Nelson dies In IUCN 2010; ee ee Bl nro de este te género esel abge registro para Fl

lvador y exp PETS E ta espe de (Fig.

Debido a que ha red incluida en el listado de planta en n peligro adorn jun in Vei 200, así como a las

Pocas colecta (M n Mannings 1959;

xe et al. 1998; Walter & Gillett 1998), este hallazgo es un hecho crustal para su conservacion a largo

—

Bot Res. Inst Texas 5(2):719 — 724.2011

720 1 POT FE Dat sal D ín 1 £T, 50)

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ESPECIE

Alfaroa hondurensis L.O. Williams, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 86:194. 1959. (Figs. 1—3). Tyre HONDURAS. DEPT. SANTA

BARBARA: tree 80 ft tall, wood pink; road to Mochito Mine, vicinity of El Sauce near Lake Yojoa, alt. 1200 m, 26 Sep 1952, Paul H.

Allen and Alphonse Chable 6573 (HOLOTIPO: US!).

re Se Jj ^ CU Į : ihast t n El Salvador.

Árbol de casi 25 m de alto; corteza externa parda o pardo rojiza, de apariencia rugosa, áspera y granulada al

tacto, lisa en árboles ngos H i lamina en pus irregulares, dejando manchas más claras que la cor-

teza circundante, ca. horizontales, lenticeladas,

las move ovales a alargadas n más oscuras que la corteza Sircabdsdte Salas pena posible con es-

y pecíolos a

con auahi resinosas. “Hajas iis cubiertas con exudados resinosos. Hojas 30 cm de largo, opuestas a

subopuestas, decusadas, paripinnadas, folíol p o casi iguales; pecíolos 4-4.5 cm de largo, en-

grosados en el punto de unión con las jiii o casi 10 cm a large, glabros o con cn case

t EM | ei 1 dod 4. 12.3 Canaan

7 ri r r Lu

dos folíolos terminales, alternos Imente subopuestos, elípticos a OHS lanceolados, agud imi-

nados, glabros en el haz y diminut l , 11-16 cm de largo y 3, 8-5 cm de an-

cho, el envés mucho más pálido que el haz; peciólulos 2-4 mm largo, engrosados en la base. Inflorescencias y

flores desconocidas. Fruto oblongo-ovoide, redondeado a ligeramente comprimido en corte transversal, gla-

bro, café oscuro, cutie: con numerosas lenticelas pequefias pero conspicuamente postulados sin crestas 0

muy lig g , de casi 6.5 cm de largo y 2.5-3 cm de diámetro; estigma persis-

tente; endocarp p grosadas y muy duras, 4-5 mm de grueso en la parte media; ovario 8-loculat.

DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ECOLOGÍA

No se encontraron plantas maduras; no obstante, se localizaron múltiples individuos juveniles (aprox. 4 en

sola una de las 24 parcelas). La localización de la parcela del hallazgo fue en: UTM (Universal Transverse

Mercator) lic VS (Fig. 2), la elevación en la localidad del hallazgo es de 2180 msnm (con un error

SENS ida ifi ida. Todos los juveniles fueron encontrados

en un azimut ide 160 grados y una pendiente de 4 a 110 grados en un bosque de seen nee definido

como mayor de 100 afios sin PORES a gran escala. Tanta; los di huma

fueron tomados en ¿e vieinc de la comunidad, acerca

p viejo

de lah sa Aol Asl 1 2t 1

Además de algunos casos mde herbivoria ocasionada por insectos, no se encontró ninguna otra pertur

bación. N n p ganad AAPOR hubo erosion spare qn de

la marcela ni vid in clasals da sell Aunq ]

I y viejo c s

la parcela, que parecia ‘ia sucedido caido al menos x tres años (basándose en el xi de regenerac

observado), no se consideró esto como a an escala El dosel a i m de ane arriba del ps

del bosque desde el centro de | lad ocio A aia sd f n un 80%. La cobertur

A d 4 J

del lo f t A " "

096 hojarasca ^ sd materia herbacea y 5% de uno e

ae : : i à : A. TS bumelioi-

des Liebm. gi diga dentata (Liebm) Urban, as americana var. nubigena (L. O. Williams) L.E. Kopp,

Symplocos culminicola Standl. & Steyerm, Symplococarpon purpusii (Brandegee) Kobuski, Cinnamomum tripli

nerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm., Matudaea trinervia Lundell, Rondeletia rufescens B.L. Rob., Parathesis vulgald

Lundell, Sra oreophila tenni, » Quetzalia tomati Lundell, oma balbisiana Kunth, Eugenia liesneri

Barrie. Ad lata Lundell (nuevo ons para El Salvador)

y Podocarpus oleifolius D. Don ex bin bos tradas al Jo] son consider

das raras en este tipo de bosque.

Las muestras de suelos fueron tomadas a una profundidad de 25 cm con un diámetro de

porción representativa de la parcela, dentro de los 5 m que rodeaban el centro de la parcela. E

2.5 cm en un

1 análisis de

Mesoamérica

Guatemala

Honduras

El Salvador

e Alfaroa hondurensis

ys Frontera Internacional\ | , 25 5

Kilometers

Bosque Nebuloso

FIG 2 M 1 1 LALA Jd. AK L 4. . lig $ 14 FW S Es Guat I El Salvador y Honduras.

ord de wae sucios fue a y nose m un examen de laboratorio. No ecu e RE 0 del

cm. El

zonte A abarca la porción ica de la muestra (6. 5 w con algo de pedida de suelo del des debido a la

naturaleza no compactada del suelo. La composición del suelo era franco limo arcilloso con la siguiente pe:

posición: 25—40 % arcilla; 60-75 limo y 0-20% arena con un tono de 5YR, valor 3 e intensidad (chroma) de l

Debido a que Aaroa o está ae como una GR vulnerable, definida como en alto hee

de extinción op Lid Vz delae uns pocas áreas conocidas de ha

dE:

existencia y la conti declinació Laia aki Ap Es p le localid blaciones Y

: rtancia

escasez de micos arcas esie 1998) Pae nuevo Ea de A. hond es de suma a

E y la Val iac ión fue

sino del género, el cual nunca había sido Pisisttado i en El Salvador. Advitaaimente el bosque en e E

encontrada no está contiguo al bosque de donde se conocía previamente en la montaña de Celaq ES

Honduras. Por consiguiente, esta puede ser bs Peon E esta ap des: encon!

en un área que ya está protegida. I j

nublosos de Honduras sugiere que hay una necesidad urgente de sateen y monitorear esta ana en

hondureño y guatemalteco del bosque nebuloso. Ya que el lado h cen

| Pri 1 El C^ J

duhun J

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2. Rama d

a AI

e Alfaroa hand

1 honderensis, composición de hojas y crecimiento nuevo.

724 1 L ^£ D PEE T D EMT eget £T, ris

tocabrosn cia n chaise uta: a apoyar el nivel de protección y la necesidad de llevar a cabo

mayor i l Montecristo.

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Aries predonente a las Penes de El isse ne Mu cid ` Spey E con-

ducir g „así como al

eron de guías y/o asesores. Cosme Damián Reyes, D Priebe, Gloria Noemy López GUN y Rejali

Eleximo Martínez López brindaron generosamente una asistencia crucial y entusiasta a esta investigación.

Agradecemos a Frank Sullyvan Cardoza, por ser el fotógrafo de Alfaroa y por su asistencia en el campo.

Adicionalmente, este trabajo de campo estuvo apoyado incansablemente por el duro trabajo y la atinada

asesoría de Mark Paulson. El trabajo de campo que condujo a este descubrimiento fue patrocinado por

National Science Foundation (numero 0926985), Indiana University Sustainability Grant y una generosa

donación de Lloyd y Beverly Paulson. Agradecemos Fernando Chiang Cabrera y a dos revisores anónimos por

b P este ar tíc uro

REFERENCIAS

NELSON, C.H. 1998. Alfaroa hondurensis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. www.iuc-

nredlist.org. Acceso 17 Oct 2010

NELSON, C.H. 2001 [2002]. Plantas descritas originalmente de Honduras y sus nomenclaturas equivalentes actuales.

Ceiba 42:1-71

OLDFIELD, S., C. LUSTY, AND A. MACKINVEN, A. 1998. The world list of threatened trees. World Conservation Press,

Cambridge, UK

WALTER, K.S. AND H.J. GILLETT. 1998. In: 1997 IUCN Red List of threatened plants. World Conservation Union, Land

Switzerland.

WILLIAMS, L.O. 1959. In: Mannings, W.E. Alfaroa and Engelhardtia in the New World. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 86:190-198.

www.jstor.org/stable/2482519. Acceso 17 Oct 2010

MICONIA PYRAMIDALIS (MELASTOMATACEAE: MICONIEAE):

REPORTED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM JAMAICA

Walter S. Judd, Gretchen M. lonta Keron C. St. E. Campbell

Department of Biology, 220 Bartram Hall The Institute of Jamaica

P.O. Box 118525, University of Florida Natural History Museum of Jamaica

Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. 10-16 East Street, Kingston, JAMAICA

wjudd@botany.ufl.edu; gionta@ufl.edu kcampbellanhmj-ioj.org.jm

ABSTRACT

Mi i rs 2i if 1 f = f L f1 fT T 2 2:1 1 i A } de A 311 Ai 1

| LY i 1 L 1 1 1 3 1 + Al de E |

r o

] M. laevigata

> 4 2A e

RESUMEN

Se ` MAG : Jali taf d E 4 i sd 1 i ] 1 Antill

J E 5 E t

M. laevigata

Miconia pyramidalis (Desr.) DC. is reported for the first time from Jamaica, where it occurs in the Blue

Mountains (St. Andrew, St. Thomas and Portland Parishes) in disturbed moist montane forests, dry southern-

slope forests, and thickets from 450-1250 m. The species is also known from Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto

Rico, so its occurrence in Jamaica is not unexpected. It is much less common in Jamaica than the closely re-

lated and well-collected M. laevigata with which it is often confused. The latter is widely distributed in the

Neotropics, occurring in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Antilles. Miconia pyramidalis, in

contrast, is largely restricted to the Greater Antilles, although it is of interest that the type (see Howard 1989)

was collected in Guadeloupe (in the Lesser Antilles).

Miconia pyramidalis has been included within the circumscription of M. laevigata in most floristic treat-

ments (¢.g., Cogniaux 1891; Fawcett & Rendle 1926; León & Alain 1957; Liogier 1995, 2000; Proctor 1972).

However, M. pyramidalis is readily distinguished from M. laevigata based on the evidence presented by Judd

and Kabat (2005), thus l 1 ifically d peci lso distinguished by

Moscoso (1943). Miconia pyramidalis is most easily differentiated from M. laevigata by its inflorescence archi-

ture. In M. pyramidalis the inflorescences are more or less pyramidal, with the lower secondary branches

elongated A i : 3 dw 1 1 f. TA . t

253 "UPPER +

WE CUOLLSIUCI E ) ASULMMICE,

1 1

ALAVA VI

1 4

culminate in a dense cluster of flower buds, which often abort. The ulti infl | hes frequently

bear 3-flowered units, In contrast, in M. laevigata, secondary infl brancl ly consist of onl

two internodes, i.e., the branch meristem almost immediately produces a terminal flower. However, the

basal branch-pair of an inflorescence may have more numerous internodes, repeating the pattern of the pri-

Mary axis. Thus, the production of additional flowers results almost entirely from the development of one or

More pairs of scorpioid-secund floral clusters, which develop through ided sympodial branching (see Fig

€ Kabat 2005). In M. pyramidalis the adaxial leaf surface dries much darker than the abaxial leaf

ce (the adaxi LRRD ORE tai ORS GTS ORE quur sow A A

36mm, E ^is laevi ie ipiis itional dicun

. laevigata; pers. obs.). See Judd and Kabat (2005) for additio g

Morphological characters.

e recognition of Miconia pyramidalis in Jamaica increases the number of species of Miconia (as tradi-

Wally circumscribed) documented for the island to 25 (see Proctor 1972).

d Specimens cited below comprise our recent collections in Jamaica and the results of a survey of

“ecimens at the Institute of J d in the herbari f the ity of the West Indies, Mona. In addition

ioe

EE E

M Res Inst, Teras 5(2) 725 - 726.2011

726 J | of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

to the localities cited below, we observed Micowia aonais growing just below Abbey Green (St. Thomas

VO at ca. p m. In] Jamaica, Mi

g with or in close proximity to the

at. Clidemia B. diia Griseb., C. erythropogon DC., C.

hirta (L) D. Don, C. umbellata (Mill.) Judd & Skean, Mecranium virgatum (Sw.) Triana, Miconia albicans (Sw)

Triana, M. impetiolaris (Sw.) DC., M. laevigata (L.) DC., M. prasina (Sw.) DC., M. quadrangularis (Sw.) Naud., M.

theaezans (Bonpl.) aiia and Ossaea hirsuta (Sw.) Triana.

lal dann

Voucher sp JAMAICA land Parish hill O ft, 31 Mar 1963, Adams 12,373 (UCWD); Blue Mountains,

field ( i ing Hill on rd. to Hardwar di 450 m, 24 m 1987 Judd 5466 eis - Se SW of Haycock Mt., above

Balcarres, PORDE * 1Jun 1953, Proctor 8064 HD yd t, 2431 Aug 1943, Barry s.n.

(IJ). St. TI Abbey Green, 4000 ft, 29 Jul 1946, Barry s.n. p lue Mountains, W of Whitfield

Hall, on road to Penlyne Castle lat. N18°02'43.2" and long, W76°37'35.4," 1195 m (by GPS), 1175 m (altimeter), 18 Jan 2011 , Judd 8322 (FLAS,

IJ, NY); vicinity of Whitfield Hall, ca. 4100 ft, 2 Jun 1954, Proctor 8731 (FLAS, TJ).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported, in part, by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-0818399. The staff of the

University of Florida herbarium (FLAS) is gratefully acknowledged, especially Norris Williams, Kent Perkins,

and Trudy Lindler, for their help in specimen processing. We also thank Patrick Lewis, curator of the herbari-

um of the University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (UCWD), who generously made available the

university collections. James Dan Skean, Jr. and Rebecca Cotteleer provided field assistance. We thank Pedro

Acevedo-Rodriguez, J. Jérémie, and Patrick A. Lewis for their helpful comments.

REFERENCES

COGNIAUX, A. 1891. Melastomataceae. In: A. & C. de Candolle, eds. M hie Pt 7. Masson, Paris. Pp.

"ry 3

1-1

FAWCETT, W. AND A.B. RENDLE. 1926. Flora of Jamaica. Vol. 5. Dicotyledons: Families Buxaceae to Umbelliferae. British

Museum, London.

HOWARD, R.A. 1989. Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Vol 5. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain,

Massachusetts.

Am, me AND C.A. m 2005. Mn sects. icis sped €— and Tamonea (Melastomataceae) in Hispaniola,

lis. Moscoso 14:83-99.

LEÓN, HNO. AND MS ALAIN. 1957. ae) de Cuba. Vol. 4 Contr Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat, Fplegia: As La Salle” Ms june

LIOGIER, A.H. 199

Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.

LioGIER, A.H. 2000. La flora de la Española. Vol. 9. Jardín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso.’ Instituto Tecnológico

de Santo bes pie — ptit bt ione ipsia e

Moscoso, R.M. 1943. C t go, New Yor

PROCTOR, GR1 1972. Mel In: C D. ee Fl i | f Jamaica. University ofthe West Indies, Mona,

Jamaica. Pp. 529-549,

MICONIA PSEUDORIGIDA (MELASTOMATACEAE: MICONIEAE)

RE-COLLECTED IN THE JOHN CROW MOUNTAINS, JAMAICA,

WITH NOTES ON ITS CONSERVATION STATUS

Walter S. Judd, Gretchen M. lonta, Lorena Endara Keron C. St. E. Campbell

Department of Biology, 220 Bartram Hall The Institute of Jamaica

PO. Box 118525, University of Florida Natural History Museum of Jamaica

Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. 10-16 East Street, Kingston, JAMAICA

wjudd@botany.ufl.edu; gionta@ufl.edu; kcampbell@nhmj-ioj.org.jm

lendara@flmnh.ufl.edu

ABSTRACT

Mi, 1 E US | 3 1 1 : 1 1 n 1.1 11 1 Ef : byt A d llected

inthe John Crow M ins, al il hwest of Ecclesdown. On the basis of field observations, photographs and herbarium

H J Lk j f: 1 1 t 1 i = A s MA \ 1 è 1 1

hac int ly 141 S.T P £ 1 g h, f, I i ly | ] ful in disti g ishi gM pseudorigida

from the related M. rigida. Additionally, tl lor of tl I lal glandular hairs is rey l for the fi

Key Wi Mel Miconia, Jamaica, John Crow Mountains

RESUMEN

Miconia pseudorigid peci y da, que ha sid i lectad eces. Esta especie fue relocalizada y re-

nlectad 1 t. fuu 1 HI 1 d Wen POE Tut n i d

po, fot f. E > 1 E 1: 1 1 n 1 1 LH 4 4 TS Edd FREE

vación. Se recal : 1 2 3 2 $ "i : E fini arial jas-rosadas, terística

Dreviament, c D T RA "ESSI C ER r Ia da M rigida Adicionalmente

E e t

vezel color de la aii Fandi. -

Miconia pseudorigida Proctor was described by George Proctor on the basis of two specimens (Proctor 1967)

collected in Portland Parish, where it grows on the east slope of the John Crow Mountains near Ecclesdown, in

moist montane forests over limestone from 450—750 m. Additional collections of this rare species were made

by RA. Howard and H.A. Osmaston (see specimen citations in Judd 2007). Miconia pseudorigida is a member

of the species-rich Antillean clade of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura, and is likely closely related to the morpho-

logically similar M. rigida (Sw.) Triana, a species that is restricted to the Blue Mountains, occurring in moist

montane to cloud f idic soil 1250 to 2250 m (Judd 2007). Miconia pseudorigida is easily distin-

guished from M. rigida by its stems, which are glabrous or have scattered minute globular-hairs, except for a

conspicuous band of long-stalked gland-headed or non-glandular multicellular hairs positioned just above

a node. In contrast, the stems of M. rigida are densely covered with rufo- or rubigino-ferrugineous to fer-

Tugineous, elongate-branched to irregularly stellate-branched hairs intermixed with minute-globular hairs.

Scattered, long-stalked, gland-headed hairs may also be present, but these are shorter than those found in M.

Pseudorigida, and do not fi i d pi I lal band ] istic of M. pseudo-

1 sida. In addition, the external hypanthium surface of M. pseudorigida is nearly glabrous, aside from a few

"gstalked, gland-headed hairs, while that of M. rigida is densely covered by irregularly stellate to minute-

Blobular hairs, along with at least a few, and often numerous, long-stalked gland-headed hairs. Finally, the

"S of M, pseudorigida are somewhat smaller than those of M. rigida (see Judd 2007, for details involving

Uremente af A 1 RM l SEIN

= r

; a a recent fieldtrip in Jamaica, we hiked into the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park near

ec A :

esdown in the John Crow Mountains in order to locate and explore a site referred to among botanists as

L bot,

Res, Inst, Texas 5(2): 727 -732.2011

Esa. cn ID ae.

728 J i h Insti 50)

“Proctor’s Pool,” which} is portón for its dire diversity. On this trip we di d and re-collected Mic

pseudorigida; the sp p 1 below.

Miconia pseud igi la P JAMAICA. Portland P: w Mounta 2 f Ecclesdown foll

du ins, trail head at (1822 '49.2"N, 76°20'39.1"W, collections at 18°02'33.7"N, 76°21 7.6"W, vil

"Proctor's Pool;" elev. 658—660 m, beautiful, moist, elfin forest on ridge of John Crow Mountains, 21 Jan 2011, Walter S. Judd 8329, with

Gretchen M. Ionta, Jun Wen, Keron Campbell, Patrick Lewis (FLAS, IJ, NY, UCWD.

FRETUM E Ce dul 2 m tall) li lge just above “Proctor’s Pool.” On the basis

= our ye observations, om Me igny di of herl peci de at this site, we have increased

: 4. : 1 1 1 J; 1

O r £ eo

additional ch t cer peek ae from ca ds eal

1 11 1 z E 1 des Y A | 1 1L * | 11 $ 2

Our Te why F E 5

] ( IH E hai f thi ilv 2.5 mm l Tudd 2007); non glandı nlar hil

however, can reach npe ds 4-6 mm. hos. the longest glandular multicellular hairs of M. pseudo rigida vary

from 1.53 m lar eglandular hai 4-6 mm long. In contrast, multicellular hairs are

much a in M. rigida, ranging in length from 0.3-0.5 mm. In addition, M. rigida does not possess the con-

Sn MIptann M hand of ICRA dips so ie i in M., psendorigida (Fig. A E of living

the first time.

Our observations indicate that these Bia have bright red to pd stalks, with very pale to intensely

yellow glandular heads (Fig ae in penal , Judd (2007) merely referred to these hairs as “reddish.” The stems

of the new growth in M. } , being nearly glabrous, but they turn brown or greenish-brown

on older shoots. In contrast, the evi stems of M. rigida are rufo- or rubigino-ferrugineous due to their

dense covering of elongate-branched, irregularly od, to cages di hairs. In M. pseudo-

rigida the nodal region (just below the point of p ) usually | has few to numerous, sp

white, circular to elliptic or elongate, slightly raised regions. These lenticel-l

branches, and become much less apparent. They were not previously observed by the first author in this spe-

cies, but appear similar to, but less prominent than, the nodal lenticel lin M. sintenisii Cogn., M. how-

ardiana Judd, Salzman & Skean, M. favosa (Desr.) Naud, and relatives (Judd 2007), i.e., members of the bullate-

leaved clade. Upon close i inspection we also located ass es here e the first time) nodal lenticels on spect

mens of M. rigida, which are difficult to see as of the stems, and were notre

ported in Judd (2007).

The leaves of Miconia pseudorigida can readily be distinguished from those of M. rigida by pus color, a

finding not previously recorded (Judd 2007). The very y l t the apex of the new shoot. M. pseudo-

rigida are red to pale red when first expanding from the bud, and when partially expanded are green with red

tinges above and intensely rose-red beneath; when fully expanded the keaten of the current capas: ubt

green above and bright, intensely rose-red on the lamina abaxially, with d yv"

green. The petioles are rose-red adaxially and green abaxially. In Mohr d in M. nada the young, newly ex

panding leaves are red, becoming green and red tinged on both surfaces as they start expand, and the fully

expanded leaves of the new growth flush are green above and pale green beneath, with the primary and sec

en veins bpak green ata "n ek: a cei poo. The patios are red or red-ferrugineous

cies the leaves of older

1 £

bundles are green 1 adaxially aid ena green abaxially. Thus, the fully expanded leaves of the current

flush in M. pseudorigida are intensely rose-red on the lamina abaxially (Fig. 1), while those of the related M

rigida are pale green on the lamina of the abaxial surface (Fig. 3). )

In the revision of Amilia Meoma sect. Chaenopleura (Judd 2007) only Miconia quadrangularis (Sw.

Naud. was reported ies of M. pseudorigida; based on our recent collection of this ene

cies, we can now add the following Meca associates: Conostegia icosandra (Sw. ex Wikstr) we

cf. pyxidata Proctor, C. rufescens Naud., C. superba (Bonpl. ex D. Don) Naud., Meriania leucantha (Sw) :

Miconia ampla Triana, M. ciliata (L.C. Rich.) DC., M. dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn., M. multispicata Pre:

Judd et al., Conservation notes on Miconia pseudorigida in

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Fic. 2. Nodal region of Miconia pseudorigida (Judd 8329) showing long-stalked, gland-headed, multicellular hairs.

Judd et al., Conservation notes on Miconia pseudorigida in Jamaica

5 3. Le

af of current growth flush of Miconia rigida (Judd 8316) from near Blue Mountain Peak. Note pale green abaxial surface.

iDrosa (1 I

XL LL.) n uc e: | ! i | z

lonta, Judd & Skean. M. tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don ex G Don. and Mecranium (possible undescribed

Mic nia 1:1 | i d | ! .

"Iconia pseudorigida is listed as endangered (ENB1+2c) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | Kelly

Decause ( its r

rarity, extremely limited distribution and fragmented habitat in the John Crow Mountains

732 J | of the Botanical R h Institute of T

Our 1 i indi ] the habitat is intact; i i ist elfi forest, d we saw no in-

dication of habitat f y forest. The ee is, however, very rare—only a few individu-

als were seen on a single ridge. The species also is considered to be endangered by the Jamaican government

under the Endangered Species (Protection, Conservation and Regulation of Trade) Act of 2000 (http://www.

moj.gov.jm/laws/statutes/The Endangered Species (Protection, etc. Act.pdf). Fortunately, the relative inacces-

sibility of the populations of this rare species, and the fact that they are within a national park, provide some

protection for this beautiful plant.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-0818399. The staff of the University

of Florida herbarium (FLAS) is gratefully acknowledged, especially Norris Williams and Kent Perkins, for

their help in specimen processing. We also thank Patrick Lewis and Jun Wen for their assistance in the field.

Finally, we thank John J. Pipoly and Scott Zona for their useful manuscript comments.

REFERENCES

JUDD, W.S. 2007. Revision of Miconia sect. Ch pleura (Miconieae, Mel ) in the Greater Antilles. Syst. Bot.

Monogr. 81:1-235

KELLY, D.L. 1998. Miconia bx quieti In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1 wwwiuc

nredlist.org. esum: on 7 is

Proctor, G.R. 1967. A i igida (Mel ) InGR Proctor Additi he fl f Jamaica. Bull. Inst.

Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16:42-45.

TREE SPECIES ABUNDANCE AND REGENERATION POTENTIAL OF

SEMI-DECIDUOUS FOREST FRAGMENTS OF THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA

Damian Tom-Dery! Jobst-Michael Schroeder

University for Development Studies Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries

Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Institute for World Forestry

lyankpala Campus, Box TL 1882 Hamburg, GERMANY

Tamale, GHANA

ABSTRACT

Qr $ i o T. p AES i í 1 p 1:54; re TE j 1 1 1 soled 1

plantation. The full sampling led l of 224 individual belonging to 26 speci d 14 families. A regeneration study using a

y " 1 pli g J ig J 1 1 FAR i f. 18 tree families Tl j 1 y Im ly p H i 1

ral forest was represented by only a few p About 52% of all 1 reg ing pi p It could be con-

luded that the higher diversity g the reg, ion is d d dispersal f. ide by birds, l 1 wind. The remnant

na 1 f, h 1 1 l 1 x 1 E 1 f f di E i ted A

scape.

Key WORDS: F. frag , Ghana, plantation, regeneration, sp bund

RÉSUMÉ

Lahond. 4 f re 1 $ 1¢ ee a. | 1 1 1 1 1 £ Lh

semi-dérid A j 3 1 1 hs 1 M UP 1 E e n 1 X

224 arr, r x cb 1 f 1 y 1 1 n

un total de 46 I e i 1. Vee, ph T gel 4 > K 1 1 ig T c Ys stat 1

espèces seulement. 5296 d ] + ¿oénérés étai d pé p i ié En conclusion. la di p

parmi lec 2 "Rc: A 1 1 S 3 1 : 1 Hy 1 1 : Xa fondi

LL "s 1 1 T E - M s PT NP d 1 * A 2.1 2 Zt 3 T or A

sage profondément transformé.

INTRODUCTION

The tropical forests are estimated to be the host of more than four-fifth of the world's biodiversity (FAO 2001).

The rate of disappearance of tropical forests is alarming with West Africa being the hardest hit by this trend

(Schroeder et al. 2010).

The forests in West Afri dad g the most depleted and frag dr eden

together with Central African forests they are among the most biologically unique (Hall & Swaine 1981;

Hawthorne 1988; Myers 1990; Whitmore 1997; Goudie 2000; Myers et al. 2000). Fragmentation is one of the

een pecies loss and | ity (Hunter 1996). The major cause of fragmentation

is the expanding human population converting natural ecosystems into human-dominated ecosystems.

ntation of | bitat 1l 1 el : f. 1 : P 3 Jf

natural species assemblages (Ranta et al. 1999; Bolger et al. 2000; Lomolino & Perault 2000). Puhari & Murai

(1909) have 4 1.1 Md ML. im 1 1 ER 1 . A Lies £ tloss

Agriculture, a domi

1997; FAO 2001). Al gubiq pical world

‘Laurance & Bierregaard 1997), fragments of original habitats located in the middle of anthropologically

changed landscapes can play an important role as refuge areas for the original biodiversity and as ecological

O A E 4

nant land-use technique, is a proximate cause of most fragmentation (Hunter 1996; Johns

t y Ee 11 1 1 è j 1 E EST z 1 2.3

are E

ess for corresponde, n ^ MR Cr a «Casitas lts ett ble N IR Nvankpala Campus, Box TL 1882, Tamale,

94M Email tom deryayahoo cou

Bot Res. Inst. Texas 5(2):733 - 742. 2011

734 tani itut (2)

corridors; Exchange! he disjunct patches of habitats i tial. These i fragments could then act

1 ^ : J: : 12 Ais

= O

Botanical assessments 2d as floristic 25 cepa and struct tudies are vita Rin the context of un-

l ding the extent of plant di yinf ystems (WCMC 1992; Addo-Fordjour et al. 2009). They

l for tl tof inability of forests since forests play a major role in the conserva-

tion ut pe apenas Me ennai management uen ie Segen & Nkuutu 2006). Ecological data

y useful for I i ] management practices but, among oth-

ers, also beneficial in ne eliges emesis of plant diversity, protecting threatened and economic

ts (Tilman 1988; Ssegawa & Nkuutu 2006; Addo-Fordjour et al. 2009)

e main objective af this oy: was to ies e the panne of the remaining forest fragments as a

en pu sangsi ina un. degraded

O O

1 RI L EL 8 E X 1 E | 1 l1

landscape which has widely g g

cies. Specific objectives were to (i) determine the tree species ses hila ghost diversity of the pa fragments

and (ii) d ine the reg i ial of t

E ig

Study Area

The study was carried out in a privately owned Dupaul Wood Treatment Ltd.-plantation (7°3’ N and 1°34 W)

42 km north of Kumasi, the Ashanti regional capital of Ghana. This region is located in the semi-deciduous

forest zone (Hall & Swaine 1981). fk rais are nin idt rich in nutrients idis: ideal for the cultivation of

cocoa iones other cash crops. Th I p ly sandy and the catio

RH 1 : € gm EUR 1 P J : fG ont and

F 7 LLIMAIL ALCS LILAL LiVili Lilt clay f

ae for | Itivation oft (K 2003). The annual rainfall varies s between 1200 mm and us mm.

e tree

total f 164 hectares, which

sición area, grassland area, farmlands, and remnants of añil biben The want area was burnt by

fires in previous years. The tree plantation area was afforested mainly with teak, to a lesser extent with pine

(Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl., Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Morelet, Pinus taeda L., and Cedrela odorata

L. This area is divided in different planting blocks with planting periods from 1995 to 2003 (Ackermann &

Kuester 2004).

METHODS

T ini f fragments o ha in size) pl ly : EA gana. if t inventory

procedures as discite by Koehl et al. (2006). No herbarium vouchers üected An trees e 10cm diam-

eter at breast height (1.3 m), DBH) were counted, t d and identified to tl i material

SM 8 at eur Forestry S mdi €—] in Kumasi assisted mu identifications E heights were aS-

ameter meas-

P. o yp ine VDA

ure tape to the first decimal pl I fstem fi lies at 1.3 m height the diameter was deter mined

by the mean of measurements above and below the irregularity. The diameter of oil palms (Elaeis guincensis

Jacq) was not assessed due to heavy branching all over the trunks. All botanical nomenclature in this paper

pe Misit: ea eene

land tional) of each tree with a DBH of 10

cm or more were calculated fioi the eed data as pet by Lamprecht (1989). Hoheisel (1976) has y

shown that there is a straight linear l ters. Since the determination

crown projection is difficult, total dominance (TD) was calculated as basal area from the measured -

insons ds — 1989; aean & Breckle 1995). The relative or proportional dominance E

E o E ft e total igs area in the study pm gene a n ance PA

So ] 1 : $ 2

is the percentage of the total stem nüiüber n area.

To estimate the regeneration potential, a grid of 50 m x 50 m was laid out based on an existing 2

250 m grid on a map. Circular sampling plots with a radius of 10.30 m were systematically located at th

50 m*

e inter

1301600

Legend

/N/ Ró&ids and paths

Remnant natural forest

nverted to farmland

Natural forest

[C] Grassland

+ vis Actual plantation ar

Farmland

816000

000918

815600

815400

815200

— 1300800

EIA ers rere CEDAR ee EEES AA

Fig. Map of porti £ jx a d i "n » ENSE QT

Pp. h

Sectio; : :

| ns of the universal transverse mercator (UTM) grid. The sy

pling desig d because it

m research is planned for this plantation. The

plots were located in the field with a Global Position System (GPS) instrument (GeoExplorer

and marked permanently to 1 1 1 2 | "Hehe 1

e i 1 * . .

Presentative and ideal for repeated inventories since long ter

Positions of the

Ii)

p g inventory. A total of 19 sampling

PNIS Was located in the two forest fragments, 6 on the forest fragment located at the northern border and 13

brun points on the forest fragment in the middle of the plantation (Fig. 1). Asa rule of thumb, any sampling

Point that was inaccessible was shifted 12 m to the north.

All small trees above a height of 1.30 m and below a diameter of 10.0 cm (regeneration class 1) were re-

coe Smaller squared plots of 100 m2 were located in the larger plots for the survey of young individuals

een 0.50 m and 1.30 m height (regeneration class 2). Small trees of 30 to 50 cm height (regeneration class

- i i sQ)

3) were recorded in 25 m? plots. For the estimation of seedlings below 30 cm, circular subplots of 3.14 m? were

laid out within the 25 m? plots. All individuals in these regeneration plots and subplots were counted by

species.

Sak e

1 1 : f i 1 31 cy AER E 1 1 i fs

pings of sp t can be used t

of trees (I I 1993). - T peci differ in tl 1 light is available This dit

ferentiation can be used as the basis for calar on trees Bn » ecological mee we. are classified

(2)

into (1) pioneer trees, which in canopy gaps or non-pioneer

trees which tolerate forest side (Swaine & o pe Pioneer species are se highly competitive in dis-

turbed forests (Agyeman 2000). Non-pioneer t i-shade-tolerant spe

cies and shade-bearers bees 1989). Semi-shade- tolerant sp found onl dlings in the twi

light zone and lop f Shade-bearers on the other hand are Pus nene in all sizes in

the twilight zone (Havrthorik 1995).

RESULTS

General findings

A total of 224 individual trees with DBH 2 10 cm belonging to 26 species and 14 families were found on the 5

hectares of remnant € The oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. showed the greatest number with a total of 77

(34%) —— trees. B P. Beauv. was a witha oen of oid trees. Hu uuo a "m

3d 11 £

only LOW UCTCCS

r 4

individual.

The total basal area—excluding oil palms—in the two forest fragments was 45.69 m? (i.e. 9.00 m? / ha).

Bombax buonopozens P. Beauv. recorded the greatest basal area with 15.33 m? while Nesogordonia papaverifera

A. Chev. only measures 0.01 m.

It can be observed from Table l that tl tabund lso tł lominant ones. This

is rumen by the following bax | I P. Beauv, Ceiba pentandra L., gener indica L.

lata P. eost th fB t L'Hér. ex Vent., however, this pattern

was not followed. This species recorded a high percentage of PUEL TE (7.14), but a very low percentage of

dominance (1.39), which indicates € trees remain in the narrow diameter class. B. papyrifera LHér. ex

Vent, the paper pbi, tree, is an p d southeast Asia. The fast growing species

hana th t produce fuel wood. 1 Beyond cultivation the tree species regente

ated rapidly and de naturally. Today i 1 Ghana (IUCN 2009). The domi-

nance value of oil palm could not be caleolated breue diameter measurements were not taken for this

species.

Floristic Structure

The forest frag ined height of 36 m with only 1.3496 of all trees constituting the highest

layer of trees. The tree height distribution shows a hyperboloid function (Fig. 2). The lower height classes re-

ATE more ai = trees.

+ A (Y PANES - : dE OP AES]

1 A only few

thick trees. DBH values ranged from 10 cm to 217 cm. Figure 3 shows the suai of trees in the various DBH

classes.

Regeneration

The regeneration study revealed a total of 46 tree species in all 19 sampling sites representing 18 tre

with Moraceae accounting for 39%, thus being the most abundant family. The regeneration clas

showed the highest number (N = 333) of regenerating plants per hectare. Regeneration class 1 featured the low-

est number of regenerating trees with only 18% of the total regenerating plants. The average number of trees

per hectare in ie various regeneration MAE as) is illustrated in Pe 4. However six tree specie

Vernonia NS Arg., Miller; Massularia acuminata

(G. Don) Bullock ex Hoyle, ple brevis oe) Seach. and Baphia nitida pecans as regenerating

dia

e families

s 2 and ?

gi 737

Number of Trunks

5-20 0- 30-35 35-40

Height classes (m)

Fic. 2. The distribution of individual tree species (> 10 cm DBH) within the various height classes (m).

plants may be fully grown trees since literature (Hawthorne & Jongkind 2006) describe them as small trees

towing up to a maximum height of between 8-10 m.

During this research it could be observed that various tree species regenerated under thick grass cover

except under tl it ies C] l

dorata, an invasive weed species.

pecies guilds

Trees were classified into the described species guilds (Table 2) according to Hall and Swaine (1981) and

Hawthorne (1993; 1994).

Y About 52% of all mature and regenerating trees recorded in the forest fragments are pioneer species while

"re non-pioneer species. When the non-pioneer species are further divided into semi-shade-tolerant spe-

“es and shade-bearers 28% of the non-pioneer species are semi-shade-tolerant while 20% are shade-bearers.

DISCUSSION

Thevital role that floristi iti d play for the conservation of plant species, sustainability

> Orests and th g E ; whole is well acl ledged (Tilman 1988; Ssegawa &

“ahaa Addo-Fordjour et al. 2009). Few studies (Hall & Swaine 1981; Vordzogbe et al. nate Anning et

ie ^ ; Addo-Fordjour etal. 2009 have been conducted in Ghana, the results of our research is compared to

ove. The tree species i within the f fragments showed a low species abundance. The average

EU of 45 trees / ha is very low compared to 552 trees / ha in a moist semi-deciduous forest at Kade, Ghana

is et al. 1987). Swaine and Whitmore (1988) state a wide range of tree numbers (395-734 / ha > 10 cm

is or tropical forests from three continents. For semi-deciduous forests in Venezuela, Lamprecht (1989)

orded a range of 284-333 stems / ha. The reason for the low tree appearance in the surveyed forest patches

f£ f, t

TABLE 1 | and proportional abund (TA, PA) and tk | and proportional domi Pr DAY ak sit Se eM ora

patches. Th ged alphabetically by species (n.d. = not determined).

Species Family TA (N) PA (%) TD (m) PD (96)

Albizia ferruginea Mimosaceae 1 0.45 0.93 2.02

Albizia zygia Mimosaceae 4 19 0.16 0.35

nei Apocynaceae 4 1.79 1.12 2.46

Antiaris toxicaria Moraceae Pa 0.89 15 3

ombax buonopozense Bombacaceae 39 17.41 1533 33.54

Borassus aethiopium almae 3 1.34 0.25 0.54

Broussonetia papyrifera e 16 7.14 0.63 1.39

eiba pe ac 10 4.46 8.91 19.51

Cola gi Sterculiaceae 4 1.79 7.38 16.15

Cordia senegalensis Boraginaceae 3 1.34 0.20 0.43

Elaeis guineensis e 77 34.38 n.d. n.d

Ficus exasperata Moraceae 1 0.45 0.03 0.06

Ficus sp. oraceae 6 2.68 475 3.82

Glyphae is Tiliaceae 6 2.68 0.64 1.41

Khaya ivorensis eliaceae 1 0.45 0.70 1.53

Lannea welwitschii Anacardiaceae 1 0.45 0.06 0.13

Man indica Anacardiaceae 17 7.59 1.30 2.85

Margaritaria discoidea uphorbiaceae 2 0.89 0.41 0.90

esogordonia papaverifera Sterculiaceae 1 0.45 0.01 0.02

lewbouldia laevis Bignoniace 2 0.89 0.10 0.22

Ricinodendron heudelotii Euphorbiaceae 2 0.89 1.14 249

Spath ulat Bignoniaceae 17 7.59 2.35 5.13

Tetrapleura tetraptera Mimosaceae 2 0.89 0.02 0.04

Trema orientali Imaceae 1 0.45 0.03 0.07

Trichilia tessmanni Meliaceae 1 0.45 0.62 1.36

un scleroxylon Sterculiaceae 1 0.45 0.05 0.11

26 specie 14 families 224 100.00 45.69 100.00

is due to former logging operations and shifting cultivation practices. 90% of all trees 2 10 cm DBH showed

abiotic — dp on roots, oe or crowns caused by fire or felling activities. The two forest fragments are

p 1 by other land-use forms. Im fact that the studied forest — are degraded

ld h d for the low density of t what have been ded elsewhere

Although the calculation of tree species' dive? by dividing the total number of species by the recorded

area is systematically incorrect, it was done here to compare survey results with those of other authors from

Ghana. The tree species diversity of 5 species per ha determined in this study is very low compared to 37 spe

cies / ha assessed by ves di et al. (2008) in a disturbed semi-deciduous forest. In a similar forest type Addo-

SOE etal. (2009) recorde 48t ies/ha in the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve and Vordzogbe etal. (2005)

DS - f Q/

/ha in the same forest type.

The Simpson's reciprocal dicey tides determines the number of species in relation to the abundanct

of each species. A low value represents little, a high value great diversity. In the remnant forest Simpson's recip-

rocal diversity index was 6.02, calculated bin all trees "o cm DBH. Thus, the diversity of trees in the surveyed

remnant natural forest was low th diversity of 26. Although species diversity indices

have been criticized, they are still ide ey in plant and animal ecology to evaluate, survey, and conserve

ecosystems (Mouillot & ae iib

Similar to the tree sp total dominance (basal area) of 9.14 m?/ ha is also mino!

mpar ed lin disturbed fi t it Kade with 30.85 m? / ha (Swaine et al. 1987) and the ee

of 28 to 521 m? / ha stated by Swaine and Whitmore (1288) for mopical companies and Lamprecht one

reports 29 m?/ha from Seneca Ths ow i partly p oil palms which

Pacireda . TM inam activities-

have not been m dis par tly caused byl d shif al

t natu!

Almost all floristic eae and general stand parameters indicate that the acon remnan

ACrhrnadar Ti : h A Etha Ach + . [rh

10.-40 40-70 70-100

100-130 130-1 160-190 190-220

Diameter classes(DBH)/cm

EE os

44.3. Number of trees in the various DBH classes.

350

s S BE 8

Number of individuals per hectare

0 - 30 30 - 50 50 - 130 130 +

740

TABLE 2. Classification of trees species into guilds.

Non-pioneer species

Pioneer species Semi-shade-tolerant Shade-tolerant

Alstonia boonei Albizia adianthifolia Baphia nitida

Bo buonopozense Albizia ferruginea Blighia unijugata

Borassus aethiopiu Albizia zygia Blighia sapi

Broussonetia papyrifera Antiaris toxicaria Cola caricifolia

Ceiba pentandra ola gigantea Deinbollia grandifolia

Cordia senegalensis Entandrophragma utile Funtumia elastica

Elaeis guineensis Glyphaea brevis Hymenostegia afzelii

Erythroxylum mannii Khaya ivorensis Lannea welwitschii

Ficus exasperata Myrianthus arboreus Mallotus oppositifolius

Ficus sp. Myrianthus libericus assularia acuminata

Ficus sur Millettia zechian

Holarrhena floribunda Microdermis keayana

Lecaniodiscus cupaniades esogordonia papaverifera

Macaranga heterophylla Tetrapleura tetraptera

Mangifera indic Trichilia monadelpha

Mareya micrantha

Margaritaria discoidea

Mori ucida

Morus mesozygia

Milicia excelsa

Newbouldi

Rauvolfia vomitoria

Ricinodendron heudelotii

Sterculia tragacantha

pathodea campanulata

Terminalia ivorensis

Trema orientalis

Triplochiton scleroxylon

Vernonia amygdalina

Pee ÓN

forest in Ghana's Ashanti region is highly degraded. It has a low number of trees, fewer tree species and small

basal area per hectare as compared to other forest types of its kind, i.e. the semi-deciduous forest. The height

and diameter classes follow a similar pattern with more trees in the lower height and diameter classes. The

maximum height (36 m) and diameter (218 cm) are however typical for deciduous forests in Ghana (Addo-

Fordjour et al. 2009). The great number of pioneer trees in the 1 layers of the tree canopy is an indication

of a secondary forest.

d families

The analysis of the regeneration data indicate that almost twice the number of species (46) am »

(18) are present than among the mature trees (26). In comparison Addo-Fordjour et al. (2009) report only

tree species from 12 families from the Tinte Bepo Forest Reserve. This suggests that the remnant forest sur

veyed in this study still has a vig g ion p d that seed dispersal vectors are active. P

Consequently ly ltl P ibl vv ay > how the AIC VV FP i i the forest fragments. : ;

pr obably I ls d ieinate fi } : :ndividuals of these species exist In

O p

the forest fragments. Though th hernani in d 1 far beyond, wind, M"

A 1 “Ly 1: n

i l. Wind plays an i le i :

ond The recorded

r 4

E ag | F VIX 111 €

neer species' seeds, which are light, often winged and can be carried to considerable distances.

small tree species Vi i dalinai le fi

g I persal by wind.

Birds and mammals, especially flying foxes, are however the most likely dispersal vectors be

move and y É | over 1 g J: 15 g 1 1 * Carr dcl 11 I cies

remnant forest underline our assumption which also corresponds with the findings of Swain

(1988) and Whitmore (1990) while Sayer el al. (1992) identified the role of animals f 14

cause they

within the

e and Whitmore

areal and forest

A Er E A T, 1 [! A £ aña | pr a d Erh

y t g 741

rehabilitation processes. be this context remnant natural forests hold an important function as they can serve

asretreat and corridor for p ls in fragmented landscapes. Thus, forest patches contribute to the

preservation of fiodiveray

The absence of ler the i icc] 1 qoc y VISTOS

the remnant forest pudis. Agyeman (2000) states that Brollssohietih papyrifera could be used to effectively

control the epee of herbaceous. invasive pene whe is bens but this appears not to be a valid solution

since B. papyrifera itself is an i Į iser. The devastating effects of B. papyrifera

i j have been Sonme in Ghana CR 2002). Research to find an

o way of controlling B papyrifera i in

E forest i peser and v analysis renale that abe samoa sai ud esti is prior: pe

231

o o A

preservation of biodiversity. To maintain these functi ppropri inf f protecti d effi

P Misco 1 : 1 131 1: 3 r£,1 1 1 1f 1 Y s 1 :

si EE t 5 ilk

species number, growing stock and di in tl future. Thus, these last remnant forest pock-

et for native floristic diversity in a highly converted environment.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Weare thankful to DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. for their co- CORR mo for all the logistic support offered

tous during the execution of this research. We are also very grat y Department Herbarium in

Kumasi for helping with the identification of t p ies. We thank t y for their

A i i 1 Ld

oo P4 r

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SMALL-SCALE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS IN

SOUTHWESTERN ARKANSAS BLACKLAND PRAIRIES

Barbara R. MacRoberts and Michael H. MacRoberts C. Theo Witsell

Bog Research, 740 Columbia Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission

Shreveport, Louisiana 71104, U.S.A. and 1500 Tower Building

Herbarium, Museum of Life Sciences 323 Center St.

Louisiana State University in Shreveport Little Rock, Arkansas 72201, U.S.A.

Shreveport, Louisiana 71115, U.S.A. theo@arkansasheritage.org

mmacrobe@lsus.edu

ABSTRACT

We describe the small-scale (0.0001, 0.001, 0.1 ha.) p icl d soils of blackland prairies i h Arkansas. Areas sam-

id € ni 11 1p. ss. KT. lA Dial E C d D iei UAT Lf. RA A T Nai NI. 1A

Four 0.1 h plots had 134 peci d ged 64.8 species, eight 0.001 ha pl ged 22.1 species, and eight 0.0001 ha pl ged

145 species. Th di famili E (37 species), P. (23 species), and Fab (11 species). The soils are predomi-

nantly alkaline high-calcium silty clay loams. The soil imil hose of other blackland/isolated prairies in tł I fi

their higher calcium levels. Ninety-eight p f the sp Th fonly tl i ies in the plots indi

that these sites are in very good condition.

RESUMEN

Descrihi la (0.0001. 0001 01 ha)1 3 : 1 "MS r 1 g £x T YR áreas

muestreadas f C ga Blackland Prairie N A Rick E lview Prairie Wildlife Manag Area, y Terre Noire Natu-

tal Area Cuna: I las 0: T ha tenían 134 p ; y i. c4 I í } I las 0.001 I di 22.1 especies yotras

ocho de 0.0001 h de 14 pecies. Las famili ás di fi A (37 especies), Poaceae (23 especies), y Fabaceae

(1l especies) Los 1 4 : Pe J; : RES S TEM id le^ 1 imil

res a otros de prad gras aislad 1 id ivel de calcio. El y ocho por ciento de las

Especies fueron nativas. La p ia de sol pecies exóti las parcelas indica q lug I dici

INTRODUCTION

While prairies are one of the most endangered plant communities in North America, they are also one of the

best studied (see Sims & Risser 2000, Diggs et al. 2006 for discussion and literature). Thousands of books and

papers have been written on the floristics, management, and restoration of prairies (e.g., Peacock &

Schauwecker 2003 and references). Over the past few decades numerous floristic and soil surveys have in-

‘teased our knowledge of prairies across the southeast (see Foti 1989, 1990; Foti et al. 2003; Carr 1993;

MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1995, 1996, 2003; 2004; MacRoberts et al. 2009; Schauwecker 1996; Moran et al.

1997; Leidolf & McDaniel 1998; Brown et al. 2002; Moran et al. 2003; Peacock & Schauwecker 2003; Zollner et

2003; Barone 2005; Barone & Hill 2007: Bekele & Hudnell 2006; Echols & Zomlefer, 2010, Arkansas

Natural Heritage Commission 2011 and literature). Particularly lescribed and d are the blackland

Prairies of southwestern Arkansas (see Foti et al. 2003; Zollner et al. 2003, for description and literature). Foti

(1989, 1990), Foti et al. (2003), and Zollner et al. (2003) give detailed descriptions of soils, geology, previous

use, and distribution of these prairies, which we will not repeat here.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the small-scale (0.0001, 0.001, 0.1 ha.) floristic richness of black-

lind prairies in southwestern Arkansas, to determine their geographical species affinities, and to compare

Hem to Morse clay prairies in northwestern Louisiana.

STUDY SITES AND METHODS

Vestudied four blackland prairie sites i hwestern Arl (Figs. 1-2). These were:

Ves Inst. Texas 5(2) 743 - 751.2011

i i £ sh D e ID A. E 711 4 £T. rí^

744 Journal of

Fi. 1. Blackland prairie: Grandview One.

1) Saratoga Blackland Prairie Natural Area: Howard Co. 33°45'27.76"N 93°54'56.10"W. Elevation 119 m

Demopolis/Sumpter soil series (Hoelscher et al. 1975). Owned and managed by Arkansas Natural Heritage

Commission, acquired in 2004.

2) Rick Evans Grandview Prairie Wildlife Management Area. Prairie One. Hempstead Co. 33%48'00.81 ,

93°48'00.00"W. Elevation 130m . Demopolis/Sumpter soil series (Hoelscher & Laurent 1979). Ow ned ane

managed by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, acquired in 1997.

341 08

83]

3) Rick Evans Grandview Prairie Wildlife Management Area. Prairie Two. Hempstead Co. 33°46 31.

"T 78 = Q wn | and

93°46'57.78"W. Elevation 123 m. Demopolis/Sumpter soil series (Hoelscher & Laurent 1979). Ownec

managed by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, acquired in 1997.

sE NE a D vi at SAT 2 duda : - rs xil serie

4) Terre Noire Natural Area. Clark Co. 34°04'22.41"N 93?10'42.39"W. Elevation 84 m. Sumpter sc j

= > Nature

(Hoelscher 1987). Owned and managec F

by Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission and TI

Conservancy, acquired from 1991 to 2009.

More information can be found on these prairies on the web (Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission pi |

In each prairie site we established one 0.1 ha study plot away from prairie edge. We selected in each

an area that looked “typical” of that prairie. All plots were on a slight slope; they did not straddle

Each plot measured 20 m x 50 m or3

.6 m x 31.6 m (0.1 ha). W ithin each 0.1 ha plot were two neste

: s. there W

3.16 m (0.001 ha) plots. Each of these in turn had a 1 m x 1 m (0.0001 ha) nested plot within it Thus, t dd

) 1 Y 1 i r UR Seda 1 cles IE

tour 0.l ha plots, eight 0.001 ha plots, and eight 0.0001 ha plots. We surveyed each plot for total spe

1: 1 i Ri qa 0 ) SI

cies In the plots were recorded every month over a year between 16 April and 5 November 21 10. A me

most specie

| i - :esion herbarium

cies was collected and deposited at the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission herbarit

Mack Dok ts etal., Sp : um Za LE ALS 1 e. 745

POLK |

HOT SPRING

PIKE CLARK

HOWARD 4 TERRE

gio

SEVIER

a LITTLE RIVER j ID AL 1l

HEMPSTEAD | e

NEVADA OUACHITA

LEGEND

BLACKLAND PRAIRIE MILLER LE. LAFAYETTE

ECOREGION

lo] COUNTIES é COLUMBIA t

1 | N

@ sos E 9 | |

FK. 2. Location of study sites in southwestern Arkansas.

Nomenclature generally follows Kartesz and Meacham (2005) and Flora of North America (1993-2006). The

main flora l to identify plants were Smith (1994), Diggs et al. (1999, 2006), Yatskievych (1999-2006), and

Flora of North i

orth America (1993-2006).

We collected soil samples from the upper 20 cm in the center of each 0.1 ha plot. These were analyzed for

PH, various elements 5 t Louisi State University Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Laboratory,

Amin - i 1 338 Po T

: northwestern Louisiana that we studied previnidy using the same plot design as used in the present study

MacRoberts etal. 2009).

E me the list of species we found in the four Arkansas prairies and data from Flora of North America

the E 006), NatureServe (2011), USDA Plant Database (2011), and Kartesz and Meacham (2005), we plotted

the orth American distribution of native species found in the plots by state, region, or province to determine

&ographic affinities of Arkansas blackland prairies. ;

(Arka ll sites in our sample at one time had been hayfields with light to heavy grazing and Hee suppression

E Natural Heritage Commission 2010). They are now being restored by clearing invasive woody veg-

8» Juniperus virginiana) and by prescribed fire (Akin et al. 2009).

(

The RESULTS

our 0.1 ha plots had a total of 134 species: Saratoga had 66, Grandview One had 49, Grandview Two had

"And Terre Noire had 85. They averaged 64.8 species (Table 1). Eight 0.001 ha plots averaged 22.1 species,

746

Li J iri inte P

TABLE 1. Vascular flora of four Ark

Noire. (* ti ies). All si

A he

INO nu

larti

llected by B.R > 2 MH MacRaberts

, GV1 = Grandview One, GV2 = Grandview Two, TN = Terre

Acanthaceae

Ruellia humilis Nutt.; S 8593, GV1, GV2

Apiaceae

*Daucus carota L.; GV2 8565, TN 8647

ichx.; TN

Zizia aurea (L.) W.D. J. Koch; TN

Apocynaceae

Apocynum cannabinum L.; GV2 8562, TN

Aquifoliaceae

llex decidua Walter; S, GV1, GV2, TN

Asclepiadac

Asclepias APER rosa L.; S 8589, GV1, GV2

Asclepias viridis s Walter; E 2006 2 8536, GV2, TN

, GV2 8690, TN

Asterace

Ambrosia ciclo sed TN 8707

Ambrosia trifida LEG

Raf; S 8600, GV1, GV2, TN

price eupatorioides (L.) Shinners; S 871 3

eopsis lanceolat

Laas tes apt Nutt.; S, GV1, TN

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench; Pm

Erigeron philadelphicus L.; TN 854

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex. Willd.; He TN 8560, 8582

Eupatorium altissimum L.; TN 8706, 8731

Eupai ton ium someone ratum Dc; idis TN

Gaill ock; S 8584, 8603, 8716

Grindelia lanceolata Nutt.; S 8680, GV1, TN 8682

Helenium autumnale L.; GV2 8653, 8727

Helianthus pure M. Martens; TN 8734

Liatris hirsuta Rydb; hi 8676 8711

S 8721, GV1, GV2 8726, TN 8704, 8737

Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barn hart TN 8640,

Rudbeckia hirta L.; S, GV1, GV2, T

7.011 (CA) OEC. TNI oco?

Rudbeckia triloba L.; TN 8684

Silphium desa weal paje poe 8655

Sil

olidago senos Abe E D TN 8736

Solidago 8728

e. em L.; S, GV1 8700, 8670, 8723, TN 8735

ymphyotricum laeve a. ) Á. Live & D. "y S 8741, GV1 8746, GV2

)Á.L 44, GV2, TI

utt.;

ÉS 8744

Symphyotrichum oolentangiense basis Gi. Nesom; S 8742,

TN8

Symphyotr HUE patens (Aiton) G.L. Nesom; S 8715

sisi p (Willd.) Nesom; GV1, G V2 8725

nia baldwinii Torr.

uini strumarium E GV2 8697

Boraginaceae

TORAN tenellum (Nutt) Ton; svi, qe e PM

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A.DC; S, TN xui

Campanulaceae

Lobelia spicata Lam.; S, GV1, TN 8637, 8636

iacea

Lonicera sempervi

Viburnum rufi tio pies " 8538

Clusiaceae

Li : AA: -l.

€ R592 TN 8548

ornaceae

Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey.; S, TN

Cuscutaceae

Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.; S 8631, GV1, GV2

Cyperaceae

/ k is Scl in.; S 8528, GV1, GV2, TN

Carex e Dewey; S 8529, 8530

microdonta Torr. & ok : 8531, GV1, GV2, TN 8543

Mni EAR Muhl.; TN, 8

Ebenaceae

Diospyros virginiana L.; S 8605, GV1, GV2, TN

Euphorbiacese

(7X1 26723

Euphorbia bicolor Engelm & A. Gray; S ert bis ue TN

Euphorbia corollata L; S 8585, 8597, GV2

Tragia urticifolia Michx.; S, GV1, GV2, T

Fabaceae

Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze; S, GV2 8686, TN

yeso tanadensi Ls » TN

fr^ (AIN TN

Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd.; TN 8

Dalea purpurea Vent.; S, GV1, GV2 sd 3, TN,

Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex Rob. & Fern; GV1, GV2,

Galactia d i e Strns, € Poggenb.; S 8633, GV1, TN

*Melilotus albus

Mimosa pii pan m : Bde S 8592, GV2, TN

Neptunia lutea (Leavenw.) Benth.; S 8632, GV1

pha latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray; TN 8643

Fagaceae

Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.; S 8601, TN

Gentianaceae

Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh; TN 8553, 8645

Hypoxidaceae

Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville; S, TN 8523, 8546

lridacea

Nem UE geminiflora Nutt.; S

Sisyrinchium campestre E.P Bicknell; TN 8544.

, 8545

Sisyrinchium pruinosum E.P. Bicknell; S 8527, oi 8534

Lamiaceae

Prunella vulgaris L.; TN

Salvia azurea Lam.; S 8718, GV1, GV2, TN

Salvia lyrata L.; S, GV1, GV2, TN

Linaceae

Linum sulcatum Riddell; S 8628, TN

Lythraceae

Lythrum alatum Pursh; GV2 8651

MacRoberts et al., Species ri prairi 747

Taste 1. Continued.

Polygalac

Melanthiaceae ygalaceae

Zigadenus nuttallii A. Gray; S 8518 Polygala verticillata L.; GV2 8650

Onagraceae anunculaceae

Gaura demareei P.H. Raven & D.P. Greg.; GV1, GV2, TN 8701 Anemone berlandieri Pritz.; S 8521, GV1

Anemone virginiana L.; TN

Oenothei tt.; GV. i.

Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt.) Heynh.; S 8679, GV1 Delphinium carolinianum Walter; S 8588

mnaceae

Ceanothus herbaceus Raf.; GV1

Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray; S, TN 8540

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis violacea L.; GV1, GV2 8535

Poaceae

Andropogon gerardii Vitman; S 8720

Rosaceae

Fragaria virginiana Mill.; S, TN 8539

Rosa carolina L.; GV1, GV2, TN 8550

Rosa setigera Michx.; S 8604

pogon g Strns Poggenb; GV2, TN

Andropogon virginicus L.; GV2 8748

Aristida oligantha Michx.; GV2 8730

Aristida purpurascens Poir.; S 8714

Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter ; GV2 8729, 8747, 8750, 8751

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.; S 8630

Nich, oh oli, 1 te rr 1

Rubiaceae

Houstonia longifolia Gaertn.; TN 8558

mac

1 & C.A. Clark; TN 8549

Spermacoce glabra Michx.; GV2 8652, 8688

Stenaria nigricans Terrell.; S 8586, TN

Dirhnntholi lA. OVI ra ?

Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees.; GV2 8696, TN 8732

Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud.; S, GV1 8745

Panicum anceps Michx.; GV2, TN

^ni capillare L.; GV2 8696a

Scrophulariaceae

(7A? 272A

Penstemon cobaea Nutt.; S

Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims; GV2 8564

nicum flexile Scribn.; TN 8732a Smilacaceae

pom virgatum L.; TN Smilax bona-nox L.; TN

or, de ect Lm CAIN Qc 7^ EAS 961

Schizachy I . FRADCES A Mis E GV1, GV2, TN

Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerg.; GV1 8569, GV2, TN

hastrum nutans (L.) Nash; S 8719, GV1, GV2, TN

‘phenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.; GV1 8566, TN 8555

Valerianaceae

Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.; TN 8547

Verbenaceae

Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt.; S 8520, GV1, TN

Verbena simplex Lehm.; GV1 8567, TN

p >

; GV1, GV2 8749

"] -d . 10 L4 MALA

Tridens flavus (L) Hitchc : S. TN 8753

1$,

and eight 0.0001 ha plots averaged 14.5 species (Table 2). Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae dominated with

37, 23, and 11 species, respectively. Sorenson's Index of Similarity among the four prairies shows a range be-

tween 42.7 and 59.7 (Table 3). Soil test results are shown in Table 4. Figure 3 shows the North American distri-

bution of native Arkansas blackland pecies listed in Table 1.

DISCUSSION

The parts of blackland prairies within which our plots were located identify best with the community type

described by Zollner et al. (2003:115) as “dry-mesic blackland prairie,” with patches of “dry prairie” largely a

ather couth

Consequence of erosion, and mesic elements on lower slopes. Species richness of these prairies appeared to be

on the low cid 1 £ E M anas a PA ie A 1

pen-ha

1 1

W ILU SILLLLLAL LU

Prairies, for example, Morse clay prairi

ha plots in Morse clay prairies were 2096 to 2596 ricl

and references). There were only th i i

thwestern Louisiana (MacRoberts et al. 2009). Four 0.1

tone di lots (see MacRol tal. 2009

in the Arl lots, indicating the very good condition

these Prairies (MacRoberts et al. 2008). The Sorensen's Index of Similarity among the four 0.1 ha plots

"nged from 42.7 to 59.7 indicating that they border on being the same plant community: 50% similarity is

à 1:ff b NE hè * us Tat

generally accepted for the cutoff for same community.

1171

VV ily UIC ius

ín ve to do with the small sample size. However, we got the impression not only that each prairie was dif-

ent but that each was fairly uniform (Fig. 1). In the immediate area surrounding the 0.1 ha plots, there were

“nly 10 species that did not occur in any plot, which seems to confirm our subjective impression of floristic

i i2 A

Series,

occ

Uni . PAARE "e

formity across large prairie areas. The soils of all the prairies are a

Which soe E tle af hlack soil high in

anic matter over a substrate of Cretaceous chalk

748 , : 0

TABLE 2. Species richness in Arkansas blackland prairies.

Plot and plot size (ha) No. of plots Average species (range)

Saratoga Prairie

0.0001 2 14.5(14-15)

0.001 2 26.5(26-27)

0.1 1 66

Grandview One Prairie

0.0001 2 13(10-16)

0.001 2 20(19-21)

0.1 1 49

Grandview Two Prairie

0.0001 2 12(12-12)

0.001 2 18.5(17-20)

0.1 1 59

Terre Noire Prairie

: 2 18.5(10-27)

0.001 2 23.5(13-34)

0.1 1 85

Total

0 8 14.5(10-27)

0.001 8 21.1(13-34)

0.1 4 64.8(49-85)

| PRI dog eem ee

iii I V1 = Grandview One, GV2 = Grandview Two, TN = Terre Noire).

advo

init is (2C/(A + B) x 100 where C = number of species in common between two samples s total species in UE A, and B = total species in sample B.

S GV1 GV2 TN

ola eS acest

S es te is ie

GV1 42.7 * E E

GV2 42.9 597 - -

TN 57.0 47.7 47.6 =

A Me ee ess

TABLE 4. Soils data for Arkansas backland prairies. —

Calcium Copper Magnesium Phosphorous Potassium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Soil

Sample pH (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) pee

Saratoga 77 24488 0.895 107 46 276.8 13.8 87 18 pa

joa

Grandview One 78 18809 1181 137 3.9 266.4 148 10.1, . 32 9

Grandview Two 7.8 19177 . 1000 151 24 266.7 19.5 78 12 Says i

Terre Noire 77 15940 0.974 102 5.8 2343 11.8 102 5 M

yaua oe ee

sas

or marl (Foti 1989; Hoelscher et al. 1975; Hoelscher & Laurent 1979; Hoelscher 1987). The soils of ai y

blackland prairies are very similar to soils in prairies across the southeast, except for their very high p=

calcium: twice to four times that of most southeastern prairies (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1995, ds

MacRoberts et al. 2003, 2009; Brown et al. 2002; Echols & Zomlefer 2010). As can be seen in Figure pi

Arkansas blackland prairies are floristically decidedly eastern and central. Comparisons among pé d

ndex

flora of the Arkansas blackland prairies and Morse clay prairies in northwestern Louisiana give an

similarity (Sorenson's) of 46, again indicating that they border on being the same community.

Mado etal., Sf . ob £ A. Lis Li dr fel 749

E y

Fic. 3. North A

in state, province, or region.

I r Y

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work was supported by a contract with the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission. Mickey Rogers,

Natural Resources Program Technician, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission was helpful at Grandview

Prairie, Douglas Zollner, Director of Conservation, Arkansas Field Office of The Nature Conservancy was

helpful. We also would like to acknowledge Bill Holimon (Chief of Research) and Karen Smith (Director of

Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission). D. Craig Rudolph, Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory,

Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, Texas, was a companion in the field and

facilitated the study in many ways. Larry Brown and Barney Lipscomb reviewed the paper and made helpful

Suggestions.

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N 2010. h

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Cambridge vd fere jede! Mis M 324-

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Thesis, MississipP

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752 i Insti (2)

BOOK REVIEW

SARA OLDFIELD. 2010. B ic G Mod Day Arks. (ISBN-13: 978-0-262-01516-5, hbk.). MIT Press, 55

Hayward Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142- 1493, U.S.A. (Orders: www.mitpress.mit.edu, 800-405-

1619). $29.95, 240 pp., 104" x 8".

Botanic op Moderny. Arks, a book by pines ko xm the ross: an insight to " bot gar-

A Fih

UCIS Ul UIC E e | )i

Lel JA mn S i £1 Er E 1 Ls sh

£ = Y

id i hel part ofl

pude of Oldfield's book to sind out. These vi

every eer of as ms even Med to d dilni root righ ion By providing such unique images it is al-

most as if Oldfi from which these plants hail. Despite a lot

9 Pippen pe about: LIES IURE needed o conserve de RE Specie. ang o on

fel

many parts of the

of extra i OE space throughout her book to incorporate more information on the living environments of the

plants she mentions.

Oldfield does a venis great jobin dahaning abent pant species threatened of extinction and programs

Wik on how y for in. This book could be of q use ..

; 1 T ^ à x 1

UEU It 1 VCI ful f l , but ] I

to carry "m from location to location and does not have an Paley. accessible reference oe — Chloe

Otieno, Volunteer, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107- 3400,

U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 752. 2011

A FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF THE CIMARRON NATIONAL GRASSLAND

(KANSAS) AND THE COMANCHE NATIONAL GRASSLAND (COLORADO)

Bernadette Kuhn B.E. Nelson and Ronald L. Hartman

Colorado Natural Heritage Program Rocky Mountain Herbarium

254 General Services Building Department of Botany

Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, U.S.A. University of Wyoming

bernadette.kuhn@colostate.edu 1000 E. University Ave.

Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3165, U.S.A

bnelsonn or rhartmanguwyo.edu

ABSTRACT

W, h 1 Ew A 1 3; " K 1 l Colorado hat includes Cimarron

T z

National Grassland, C he National Grassland, and adj pri lands. Our study area, spread over Baca, Las Animas, and Otero

counties in Colorado and Morton County in Kansas I 567,300 acres. Resul di d checklist, based

n 0781 ¡A 4 11 : g 1 pl A 1 CEE iq 1 $4 Q7 families, including 80 exotics and 26

f i Cyp fl is re d lditi he fl fK Two state records are documented for

Cal Az. A 1 TN»: hil

£ o eo Lr

RESUMEN

S anan i AE PE ` k RASA E224 1 ade te de Colorado l 1 Ci

i E ^ : ^1 5 P. : i 1 1 t E

ton National Grassland, Comanche National Grassland, y tierras adyacentes privadas. d d p

3.4 Pete * Ab 1 J 41

ca, Las Animas, y Otero en arca 567,300 acres. I g

1x 1 Pone COEM

E 3 agi 35 87 familias, incluy-

P z

1 J 1 1

endo 80 exer; 3 z A E. Dd a n ae se EA Ne a

estatale. Cal 1 A ere F Tas . un

INTRODUCTION

Wereport on a vascular plant inventory of Cimarron National Grassland (Cimarron) and Comanche National

Grassland (Comanche), located in extreme southwestern Kansas and southeastern Colorado, respectively

(Fig. 1). Included pri t to the Comanche National Grassland.

The Cimarron consists of 108,175 acres located primarily in Morton County, Kansas, with a disjunct

parcel of 480 acres in Stevens County. The Comanche, located in three Colorado counties (Baca, Las Animas,

and Otero) encompasses 443,765 acres. Both Grasslands, together covering 551,940 acres, are managed by the

USDA Forest Service. The private lands included in our study comprise 15,360 acres scattered throughout Las

Animas and Otero counties. Thus, the total area, herein referred to as the Grasslands, covers 567,300 acres.

Elevation ranges from about 3,200 feet to just over 6,400 feet.

The Grasslands are located in the Great Plains floristic region (Fenneman 1946). Comprehensive treat-

ments that include this area are Rydberg (1932) and Great Plains Flora Association (1986). Although several

State Floras cover Colorado, (Harrington 1954; Weber & Wittman 2001a; Weber & Wittman 2001b), only a

lew checklists and inventories exist for the area. These publications focus on areas near or within the

Grasslands boundaries (Anderson 1950; Clark 1996; Freeman 1989; Hazlett 2004; Shaw et al. 1989; Weber &

Wittman 1994)

This botanical inventory is part of the larger effort by the Rocky Mountain H barium (RM) to produce a

tical flora of the Rocky Mountains and to map, based on vouchered specimens, the distributions of its taxa

relatively fine detail (Hartman 1992; Hartman & Nelson 2008; Hartman et al. 2009). To this end, 64 inven-

Pes Inst, Texas 5(2):753 772 2011

B T OR pe sc. D ht 1 £T.

Legend

* Cities

Rivers

que Cimarron National Grassland

EE Comanche National Grassland

due Private Land Accessed

E Counties

as River

LAS ANIMAS

Fic. 1. The locati £ fi Eicrih Ul EUER EP E eee a ees x P 4 adiacent Colorado,

respectively, and an enlargement of the area.

tories (48 as MS thesis projects) have been conducted. The Grassland p I ternmost project com

pleted thus far.

Topograph

The buc end e ane are pedi in Ee Great Plains region of the United States. Within this ©

gion, t ern High Plains and Southwest Tablelands (Ome

1995). The Western High Plains, soerg Baca "e adios counties, are characterized topographically es

smooth to slightly irregular, with ghg g g (Chapman etal 2001). Typical plant

y of the G = Ee eae 755

iti grasslands and shrublands. The Southwest Tablelands of Las Animas and Otero counties are

characterized by red sandstone canyons, mesas, rock outcrops, and little arable land (Chapman et al. 2006).

Here, shrublands and dland the dominant plant communities.

The entire study area is located within the Arkansas River watershed. The Cimarron River traverses the

through Mort d St ties, Kansas (Fig.

southeastern corner of Baca County, then flows

I) The broad, gently east-sloping plains north of the Cimarron River, in Kansas, contain the lowest point at

approximately 3,259 feet (Freeman 1989). The Cimarron River is often dry, with a sandy bed and subsurface

i fl l l htl it of the Comanche, carving the Purgatoire

water. Th g g

River Canyon through sandstones on the plains, and ultimately emptying into the Arkansas River east of La

Junta. The highest elevation (6,444 feet) is in the Mesa de M ) , Las Animas County, near Tobe, Colorado.

Climate

The climate in the region is semiarid, as precipitation levels are influenced by the rain shadow of the Rocky

Mountains, th ffect of whic] 1 t i l ipi i I

ich Thus, the Ci p p

the Comanche. The Elkhart weather station near Cimarron National Grassland receives an average of 17.92

inches of precipitation annually, whereas La Junta and Springfield, both near Comanche National Grassland,

average 15.29 and 16.03 inches, respectively (HPRCC 2010). Weather p l ized by low relative

humidity, abundant sunshine, infrequent precipitation, moderate to high winds, and high rates of evaporation

(Doesken et al. 2003).

Mean high temperatures range from 70.8°F in La Junta to 65.5°F in Kim. The mean low temperatures are

highest in Elkhart (41°F) and lowest in Kim (36°F).

Intense thunderstorms with violent winds and hail are not uncommon from mid April through October,

when the majority of the annual precipitation falls (70-80%). Average annual precipitation from five weather

Nations in the area ranges from 14.89 to 17.92 inches (HPRCC 2010). During 2007, the first of the two field

Seasons, precipitation tegorized ly moist in southwestern Kansas, and near normal in south-

tastern Colorado (NCDC 2010). Snowstorms in December of 2006 deposited a record 45 inches of snow, re-

sulting in lush vegetation during the 2007 collecting season. In 2008, levels were near normal in southwestern

nsas. However, extremely low precipitation levels were documented in southeastern Colorado, causing

drought and frequent dust storms on the Comanche (Doesken 2009). Consequently, fewer species were docu-

PO 4 j

M o

The Grasslands and vicinity can be divided into four major geologic areas: High Plains, Mesa de Maya,

Purgatoire River, and Arkansas Valley. The High Plai tch th tion of the area encircled

id Elkhart, Kim and Springfield, and encompass a broad, rolling upland dissected by rivers and streams.

During the Paleozoic and M i little faulti din the High Plains. The Laramide Orogeny (72

1040 mya) that led to th Eu uc i te d inland C treat. Subsequently

J n 5 X 5628 411 221

(late Cretaceous and Tertiary periods), ri tin g eastward cut deep ) F

als that washed eastward forming the High Plains.

The Mesa de Maya region, like most of eastern Colorado, is composed of sedimentary formations laid

down through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras (Chronic and Chronic 1972). However, Mesa de Maya, a mam-

moth plateau extending into southeastern Las Animas County from northern New Mexico, is the result of

volcanic eruptions during the Pliocene (Clark 1996). Lava flows formed a hard basalt cap on the more erosive

Ogallala Formation. The sedimentary formations eroded more quickly, resulting in irregularly-shaped net-

cu of canyons (Clark 1996). The Morrison, Ralston Creek, and Entrada formations, di y Strata

Jurassic Period, are exposed on the New Mexico border. The Chacuaco Creek drainage forms the western

der of Mesa de Maya and displays some of the most complex geology in eastern Colorado. Cretaceous

Dakota Sandstone is visible along the banks, and is overlain by the Carlile Shale, Greenhorn Limestone, and

Graneros Shale. Above these strata rest the limestones and shales of the Niobrara Formation, followed by the

Osallala that is capped by basalt (Tweto 1979).

756 J | of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

D A 1 1 t 1 t Tt

TheP ire Ri units of the Comanche, winding through a maze of

canyons (Fig. y The lowest exposed strata, all Permian in age, are the Big Basin, Dry Creek, and White Horse

formations (Lockley et al. 1997). During the Triassic Period, the red sandstones of the Chinle Formation were

deposited. In Picketwire Canyon, Jurassic deposits are visible, including the Entrada Formation, the Ralston

Creek/Bell Ranch Formation, and the Morrison Formation (Lockley et al. 1997). These Jurassic deposits con-

tain the largest — trackway in North America. Later, during the Cretaceous, the area was submerged by

a shallow sea that deposited Cret ta that include the Purgatoire, Dakota Sandstone, Graneros Shale,

Greenhorn litmestone, Carlile Shale, and Niobrara formations (chronologically). The Purgatoire Formation

includes two members of the nearly white Lytle Sandstone and the Glencairn Sandstone and Marine Shales

(Lockley et al. 1997). The fluvial sandstones and conglomerate of the Lytle I are bec of fast-

moving water. In contrast, the Glencairn Formation is a thin, brittle bed of

tween the Lytle and Dakota sandstones. Dakota sandstone of marine origin is readily recognizable, with its

caramel and dark brown shades, and prominently lines the rims of the canyons that wind through the

Purgatoire Valley. panay Shale, Greenhorn Mpieste Carlile Shale, and the Niobrara formations, all late

Cretaceous, fi d rounded hill yon rim (Lockley et al. 1997).

The Arkansas Biver cuts a broad valley through eastern UAE Heavy use of water for irrigation has

lowered "e levels of the river MNA but it i theastern Colorado. The river bed

ith old Dana gravels. Rounded, undulating hills to the

south rise ip from the floodplain between Tipa Creek and the Purgatoire River. These hills are capped by

late Cretaceous shale and limestone of the Niobrara Formation.

METHODS

Field 1 the Cimarron N Lt d the C. NI 1r 1 ] daten Di aring

the summers of 2007 and 2008. A total of 134 days were spent collecting (May 25—Aug 27, 2007; May 12-Aug

1, 2008). An additional two days in April 2008 served to document any blooming serio such as CE

acaulis and Leucocrinum montanum. We returned i in September t to coll p bl embers of

Poaceae and Asteraceae, among them Schizachi dA isia filifoli ii ol ab

We used the “meander search” strategy (Goff etal. 1982: Ristau 1998; Hartman 1992; Hartman & Nelson

aid Tus, sites were not eres at random, in chosen to provide ade quale enge coverage. We also

, soil types, and This methodology

allowed us to docibnent a mad: a dci of taxa. Species of conservation concern and noxious weeds

were a collecting priority.

At each collection site (431 total), a waypoint was taken using a GPS unit. Field notes were taken on the

habitat, dominant plant species and landforms. Collecting took place within a one-half mile radius or less of

each waypoint. All species present in flower or fruit were collected, placed in plastic bags, and stored in an ice

chest. Plants were pressed at the Carrizo Work Center outside of Springfield, the Comanche National

Grassland office in La Junta, and the Higbee Barn, 17 miles south of La Junta. Specimens were placed in folded

sheets of newspaper, inserted between cardboards, me then tbe ina A pes press. es p was then

placed on a drier for one to two days. Once dry, th MOM

details regarding collecting are described in Hártian (1992) and Hartman and Nelson (2008); pene

lecting protocol followed in all RM floristic studies. Nomenclature follows that adopted for the RM Plant

Specimen Database (Hartman et al. 2009).

The Annotated Checklist is based on 9,281 collections from the Cimarron National Grassland, the

Comanche National Grassland, and adjacent private lands. This includes 521 specimens collected by Brian

Elliott in 2003 and 2004 from the Comanche n ~~ we were LA poaa by land eri to ace on five

ranches bordering the Comanche. T ief: high fat

grasslands on top of Black Mesa, deep canyons cut by Carrizo Creek, and red ewes spires s of Beatty Canyon

All specimens are housed at RM. The specimen data were entered into the RM Plant Specimen Data

and are available online (Hartman et al. 2009). Duplicates were sent to COLO, CS, and KANU herbaria.

col-

Pi ebie? Esha fi A L Mae Iir 1 J

luhn etl, y 757

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results of the study are included in the following sections. Vegetation Types, Exotic Taxa and Noxious Weeds,

Taxa of Conservation Concern, State Records, and Summary of Taxa.

VEGETATION TYPES

Th tati the Ci d the C he has! described by F (1989), Hazlett (2004), and

Shaw et al. (1989). Based on these classifications, we identified 11 vegetation types within five broad physiog-

1 physical f landform

Grassland

Shortgrass prairie.—Shortgrass prairie is tl t widespread vegetation type. It occupies the gentle hills and

plai B d Morton counties, at low elevations (3,200—4,500 feet). This true grassland community

is dominated by warm-season grasses, with only scattered shrubs. The dominant grass species are Aristida

purpurea var. longiseta, Bouteloua gracilis, Buchloé dactyloides, El ithii, Muhlenbergia t

: y ; : g i, Sporobolus

ayptandrus. Hilaria jamesii (Pleuraphis jamesii) is the subdominant, often occurring in large patches. Two

J: 3. re s 1 - + * gu : a! as 7

cacti are common: the shrubby C tha. Tree cover

O o t EL

is limited to scattered stands of Juniperus monosperma, with very limited occurrences of Celtis reticulata.

Jeret, : T. 7 1 n . E e dd s 1 1 : :

I ji ptor d Yucca glauca. Rey g

sis var. missouriensis, Engelmannia pinnatifida, Erysimum asperum, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Lygodesmia juncea,

Mirabilis linearis, Psoralidium tenuifl , Sphaeral inea, Step) ia pauci] Thelesperma megapo-

lamicum, and Xanthisma spinulosum var. spinulosum. This vegetation type on the Grasslands is typically man-

aged as rangeland.

Midgrass Prairie —Southwestern Baca County and southeastern Las Animas County contain patches of

Midgrass prairie that intergrade into Juniper woodland ( iption I t

E tallgrass prairie elements include Andropogon gerardii, Bothriochloa laguroides, and Bouteloua capa

"iR ES : eru E à : e UE :

helow) Dominant E

rsuta

J pnis J ;

and Hesperostipa comata. CI istic forbs include: Asclepias latifolia, Liatris punctata, Ratibida columnifera,

Solidago wrightii, and Thelesperma megapotamicum. The most extensive patches of midgrass prairie can be

nd in Carrizo, Holt, and Picture canyons (Baca County). Amorpha canescens, Mimosa quadrivalvis var. an-

Sustata (Mimosa nuttallii), Onosmodium molle, and Sorg t poradic in the canyons, and are also

tepresentati = ing pressure is low, this vegetation type displays the richest

‘ie

pecies of

floristic diversity.

Rocky Upland Prairie —Rocky breaks and uplands of sandy and calcareous deposits occur throughout

Portions of Baca, Las Animas, Morton and Otero counties. Perhaps the most recognized example of the Rocky

'pland prairie within the Comanche National Grassland occurs approximately 20 miles south of La Junta.

Here, the shale barrens that rise above the Purgatoire River Valley harbor a distinct plant community domi-

d by Cryptantha thyrsiflora, Dalea purpurea, Dalea jamesii, Echinocereus reichenbachii, Eremogone hookeri,

Eriogonum lachnogynum, Paronychia jamesii, and Tetraneuris acaulis. This unique assemblage of forbs is inter-

Persed with the grass species Achnatherum hymenoides and Hesperostipa neomexicana. Scattered Juniperus

Monosperma trees are present and Rhus trilobata var. trilobata and Artemisia bigelovii are the most common

Exotic species are uncommon due to low disturbance, harsh environmental conditions, and inacces-

by cattle.

Shrublands à

age p rairie.—Stabilized and active sand dunes occur over large expanses along the Cimarron River in

O rr eo

sibility

ig County, and near Campo in southeastern Baca County. Distinctive Sandsage prairie occupies dunes

thie j : deis i "nr isia fili i ia nauseosa, and

h Ma band 1-5 miles wide, south of the river. Dense stands of 3

Kca glauca dominate the community. Typical forbs are Abronia fragrans, C henopodium pratericola, Mentzelia

Oenothera lavandulifolia, Palafoxia rosea, and Polanisia dodecandra. Grass species provide less plant cover

7 I É xdi élus ck. tsi D Le 1 £T. sex

inde ipu eer sige ti hallii, Calamovilfa gigantean, Elymus elymoides, Panicum capillare var. capillare,

, and Sporobolus cryptandrus.

Saline Bottom Shrubland all stretches of this shrubland are restricted to alluvial fans along streams

and arroyos. The Purgatoire River and raa sing in dinis County host its most extensive coverage. The

I is dominated zi pE di i The pogin is une of the

TY El For h

ithii, Mu PRAT _and Spor

L ,

y mu A A | 2 : s 1 a! VOY và ays DI 4

tudes: Gut t and

? d id r J Oo id (M E O

cover is iW but

Woodlands

Cottonwood Gallery Forest.—These forests occur in deep, sandy soils of alluvial fans along flood plains of the

Purgatoire and Cimarron rivers. It is also present in small patches along smaller creeks and streams. The

dominant tree species is Populus deltoides var. Ls mines (Populus deltoides "nis monolifera), with occasional

occurrences of Salix amygdaloides. Comm Salix exigua. Thickets of the

exotic Siob gaa! ramosissima are present along these rivers. Understory forbs include Croton texensis,

, and mcm occidentalis. The exotic grass Bromus japonicus is ol-

f + Al ith th f1

upiper Woodland- ee woodlands occur r where more n 25 percent a the total cover consists of

juniper (Scl p et al. 000). These din tl fthe Comanche, often

on the Dakota ann Formation. This is the most common vegetation Tus in the Southwest Tablelands

Ecoregion (Chapman et al. 2001). Juniperus monosperma is often the dominant tree species: more infrequently

Juniperus scopulorum is the co-dominant. The latter community, found in rock canyons and hillsides in the

western portion of the study area, typically has an understory of Cercocarpus montanus, Ptelea trifoliata, Rhus

trilobata var. trilobata, and Ribes aureum. The xeric-adapted ferns Cheilanthes eatonii, C. fendleri, and Pellaea

atropurpurea occur in cracks of sandstone canyon walls, often on south-facing exposures. Forb associates fre-

quently include Asclepias asperula, Dalea purpurea, Eriogonum tenellum, Melampodium leucanthum, Mirabilis

linearis, and Psoralidium tenuiflorum. Common understory grasses are Bouteloua curtipendula, B. eriopoda, and

B. hirsuta. Woodlands dominated by Juniperus monosperma typically exhibit widely spaced trees often inter

ere ns Rhus trilobata var. bier P dry patches between trees often contain Bouteloua spp.

leucanthum, and

Pinion -Juniper Woodland. Pon ji woodlands are restricted to the southwestern portion of the

Comanche and adjacent private mn TM tree tc pepe queas IA, J. BONS and Pinus edulis

dominate the overstory. C i, Quercus xundulata, and

Rhus trilobata var. trilobata. These woodlands were food in Baca, Gih, dā Las Animas counties at eleva-

tions of 4,420 to 6,440 feet. In Baca County, it is restricted to three sites: southwest of Pritchett along East

Carrizo Creek, Carrizo Canyon, and Big mr Prog m Oreto County it is limited to Chirii Canyon near

Delhi, Colorado. Las Animas County y of sites witl f pinyon-juniper

woodland. Six vouchers of Pinus ponderosa were documented from these woodlands, all on private lands in

Baca, Las ig p TE counties, and see id ME occurrence in Otero County (USDA 2010).

C y typ j gra, Echinocereus viridiflorus, Linum lewisii,

Mirabilis m ltiflora, and S 1 } ttalli | the grasses Bouteloua curtipendula, B hirsuta, and Piptatherum

micranthum. n

perius

Rin ire),

limited in the arid Grasslands. However, major ri (Arkansas, Cimarron, and Purgato

Greeks. springs, small ponds, and irrigation ditches provide water to the otherwise dry lands. The Plains a

tonwood, Populus deltoides var. occidentalis, forms gallery forests in Morton County, but occurs in ie

populations or as lone individuals elsewhere in the Grasslands (see description of Cottonwood gallery forest

Salix pm is common across he ave counties. Typha spp., nales ramosissima, His Ree ena ve

oo f major

fihnetal, Floristic i rise rs PP ne aie a 75

Lemna minor and the following forbs: Ranunculus scleratus, Rumex crispus, and Veronica anagallis-aquatilis.

r SS 1 a POTIS A Ks : + oye s 11 nd Pol. E is El } : sarb

t " £ [a] A 7 3

Equi laevigatum, and Juncus torreyi may line edges of both standing and moving water.

Stock Pond.—Excavated areas that to collect water for li ] 1 throug! he G ds.

Water levels fluctuate drastically throughout the season. Typical forbs that subsist on the muddy margins are

Atriplex argentea, Iva axillaris, Polygonum aviculare, Rori inuata, and Xanthi t ium. The grass spe-

, Korip}

cies Polypogon monspeliensis is also frequent on the banks, along with the exotic Eragrostis cilianensis. The cat-

tail Typha domi i d ted at ten of these sites

E o

Roadside.—This vegetation type often harbors more plant diversity than surrounding rangeland, espe-

: ; Hadr Pia Ais

cially during periods of drought. Th b f f long witl

the exclusion of cattle by f ll mix of nati i : l g ith i dw eedy agr icultural taxa,

VV iU

lo thrive. With the absence of grazing pressure, native species often persist along a road margin yet are absent

inan adjacent rangelands. For example, a rocky roadcut may contain members of the Rocky Upland Prairie

such as Dalea purpurea and Tetraneuris acaulis, but a careful l of these species on the other

side of a cattle fence. Common native grasses are Cenchrus longispinus, Chloris verticillata, Elymus elymoides,

Elymus smithii, and Hord ] Tat : Baca dp: . and H

tectorum are frequent. Forbs include Convolvulus arvensis, Cucurbita foetidissima, Quincula lobata, Tragopogon

dubius, Tribulus terrestris, and Verbena bracteata. Weedy species of Ambrosia, Chamaesyce, Cirsium, Melilotus,

Physalis, and Solanum are also common.

EXOTIC TAXA AND NOXIOUS WEEDS

National C. 1 ] 3 1

g d have a high p tage of exotic taxa. Percentages from studies on

several regional National Grassland a foll Buffalo Gap (17.1%), Kiowa and Rita Blanca (11%), Ogallala

(149%), Pawnee (22%), and Thunder Basin (16.3%) (Ebertowski 2005; Hazlett 1998; Hazlett et al. 2009; Kostel

2006). We documented 80 exotic taxa, comprising 12.6 percent of the species in the annotated checklist. The

Colorado noxious weed list contains 68 plant species, 16 of which were collected in this study (CDA 2010).

Theyare Aegilops c lindrica, Arcti inus, B tect l is, Cynoglossum

officinale, Dipsacum fullonum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Erodium cicutarium, Hibiscus trionum, Linaria dalmatica,

Sonchus arvensis, Sorghum halapense, Tamarix ramosissima, Tribulus terrestris, and Verbascum thapsus. Of the

l noxious weeds so designated for Kansas, three were documented in that state: Convolvulus arvensis,

ifmannsegia glauca, and Sorghum halapense. The following Colorado noxious weeds were documented in

Kansas where they are not so recognized: Bromus tectorum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Erodium cicutarium,

“Marix ramosissima, and Tribulus terrestris.

Cirsium vulgare E

TAXA OF CONSERVATION CONCERN

Atotal of 26 taxa of E

e Re. 1 (^ 1 p e ae

umented from 7 jacent pri-

Yate lands, No federally listed plant species were documented (USFW 2010), nor are any known from the area.

xa of conservation concern are those tracked by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program and the Kansas

Natural Heritage Program, or listed as Sensitive by the U.S. Forest Service (CNHP 2011; KNHP 2011; USFS

1D. These taxa are listed alphabetically below, followed by family name, counties of occurrence, and vouch-

€t (collector surname and collection number). County name and voucher citation are listed only for taxa of

conservation concern status as recognized in Kansas versus Colorado.

hymenoides (Poaceae) Morton: Nelson Asclepias involucrata (Apocynaceae) Baca: Kuhn

561

72121.

ia humilus (Euphorbiaceae) Otero: Kuhn Asclepias macrotis (Apocynaceae) Las Animas:

e. Kuhn 3573, 5426, 7575.

+l 23 (A

Kuhn dn

) Las Animas:

) Baca, Otero:

Elliott 12036: Kuhn 6859: Nelan 72560.

Berlandiera lyrata (Asteraceae) Morton: Elliott

11996; Kuhn 760, 3958, 6563, 7131; Nelson 71851,

71909, 72154, 72428.

Bothriochloa springfieldii (Poaceae) Baca, Las

Animas, Otero: Kuhn 3578, 3616, 6681; Nelson

72472

Cheilanthes eatonii (Pteridaceae) Baca, Las Animas,

Otero: Elliott 12042b; Kuhn 1494, 2919, 3786,

3787, 3801, 3811, 3863, 3864, 4347, 6982.

Cuscuta umbellata (Convolvulaceae) Hamilton:

Kuhn 2827.

Dalea cylindriceps (Fabaceae) Morton: Kuhn 2268;

Nelson 72053.

Dalea j terim (Fabaceae) Morton: Kuhn 5988; Nelson

72164.

Eleocharis rostellata (Cyperaceae) Morton: Kuhn

1107.

Frasera coloradensis (Gentianaceae) Baca: Kuhn

1 err ee See ree S E eR er

16]

Oenothera engelmannii (Onagraceae) Morton:

Kuhn 1056, 1119, 1135.

Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae) Otero: Kuhn

1331, 2762, 3105, 3310; Nelson 72495, 72555.

Pellaea atropurpurea (Pteridaceae) Baca, Las

Animas: Elliott 11977; Kuhn 1506, 3775, 3873,

3874, 5799, 6981.

Pellaea wrightiana (Pteridaceae) Baca: Nelson

Penstemon jamesii (Plantaginaceae) Baca, Las

tman 84838, 85020; Kuhn 766.

Picradeniopsis oppositifolia (Asteraceae) Morton:

Animas: H

Kuhn 5918.

Prunus angustifolia (Rosaceae) Baca, Las Animas,

Otero: Kuhn 3930, 5193, 6816, 7190.

Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Malvaceae) Morton:

Kuhn 1183, 3981.

Teucrium laciniatum (Lamiaceae) Morton: Nelson

Vernonia marginata (Asteraceae) Morton: Kuhn

Woodsia neomexicana (Dryopteridaceae) Baca and

Otero: Kuhn 3794, 4364, 5800, 7799, 7826.

Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) Baca: Elliott

12026.

STATE RECORDS

We report two taxa new to the flora of Colorado: Astrolepis integerrima and Digitaria pubiflora (Weber and

Wittman 2001b; USDA 2010; FNA 1993+). Cyperus retroflexus is reported here as an addition to the flora of

Kansas (Freeman 2005)

Astrolepis integerrima, a xeric-adapted silver cloak fern, is known from Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma,

and Texas (FNA 1993+). It was previously reported as a state record for Colorado by Clark (1996), but the

specimen was subsequently annotated as Astrolepis cochisensis by Ranker and Orthner in 2000. Thus, our

voucher from Baca County serves as the first collection from Colorado, and represents the northern geogr aphic

limit of the taxon. The voucher was collected in Sand Canyon, from shaded cracks in the sandstone canyon

walls.

1, Sand Canyon, ca. 25 air mi S of Pritchett; 37.0178°N, 102.8367°W, along sandstone

COLORADO. Baca Co.: C he Nati 1

liffs with Juni 1R) ica, 4,367 ft, 19 Apr 2008, Kuhn 3778 with E. Elliott and B. Elliott (RM).

TM . Lea :

it a crabgrass ] f

Arizona, New ees Oklahoma ns Texas. Our two collec

dietis fiom weedy, sanity roadsides in Baca County, represent i

o lon

bebat rax Co.: aa National 1, Picture Canyon, ca. 29 air mi ine of Espina m 0073*N, 102.7486 Ms x

í g t, 7 Jun 2007. Kuhn 862 (R ,

Ce L 5 air mi N of iaa ca 12 air mi SW of Pepe 37. 0237°N, 102. dicrum AG slopes and botto

with Kuhn (RM); det. Kelly W. Allred.

Opu ntiasp

id fH lt Canyon

narrow dae canyon with hackberry and soapberry, 4,320—4,400 ft, 21 Jun 2007, ^

Our

Cyperus retroflexus, collected on the Cimarron National Grassland, is an addition to the flora of Kansas. af

voucher, collected from rolling sand dunes along the Cimarron River, represents the northern geograp

Kuhn et al., Fl AA $ y Loha fi 4 f. n Magi Ir 1 J 761

limit for the taxon. It has been documented in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New

Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.

KANSAS. Morton Co.: Ci National land, along Ci Ri PM Trail ca. 1 air MENS Hwy 27, ca. 8.5 air mi N of

Elkhart, 37.1233°N, 101.882°W to 37.1262°N, 101.8825°W, | dd i d 5 ft, 18 Sep,

Nelson 72034 (RM).

SUMMARY OF TAXA

List by taxon List by special category Major group

Families (87) CO Noxious Weeds (16) Ferns (11)

Genera (346) KS Noxious Weeds (3) Fern Allies (5)

Species (603) Exotic Taxa (80) Gymnosperms (5)

ids (6) CO Endemics (1) Angiosperms (614)

Infraspecies (26) KS Endemics (0)

Unique Taxa (635) Conserv, Concern (26)

635 unique taxa, 603 species, 87 families

CONCLUSION

This paper presents the results of the first floristi y based on hered i hat encompasses

the Cimarron National Grassland, the Comanche Nacional Grassland, and adjon private lands. We report

onresults of 9,281 numbered collections of vascular plants collected over 567,300 acres. A total of 635 unique

laxa representing 87 families were documented. Of these, 80 are exotic taxa of — 16 are designated as

toxious weeds by Colorado; 3 by Kansas. We documented 26 species of oncern, 2 additions to

the flora of Colorado, and 1 addition to the flora of Kansas.

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST

The checklist is divided into the major groups of vascular plant (fern allies, ferns, gymnosperms, and angio-

sperms) each with alphabetical npe by family and species. Nomenclature follows that adopted for the RM

Plant Specimen Database (H tal. 2009)

pm is a ge to EUM and abbreviations associated with individual taxa in the checklist.

Collection bl http:/ww h.uwyo.edu (Hartman et al. 2009).

Authority ( er tions); COUNTY, elevational range in feet; vegetation type.

Taxon An 1 f n

Colorado= BA (Baca), LA (Las Animas), OT (Otero)

Kansas= MO (Morton)

Vegetation :

qf Cottonwood gallery forest jw Juniper woodland

"e Midgrass prairie pjw Pinyon juniper woodland

"Riparian rd Roadside

rup Rocky upland prairie sbs Saline bottom shrubland

"p Shortgrass prairie ssp Sandsage prairie

SP Sto ckpond

"mols by category proceeding Taxon:

o of Conservation Concern, Colorado

. vog of Conservation Concern, Kansas

‘troduced from outside North America

Hybrid

- Slate record

762

FERN ALLIES

Equisetac

pm quias Clute (1) OT; 4240’; rip

equ uisetum avere L.(1 Mid jus rip

n (7) BA, LA, MO; 3410-6090’; rip

q x F. Weber & D. Mohr var. variega-

tum (4) BA, LA; 4300-5100’; rip

E. Cehiai-t

Selagine

Se auno Prae Rydb. (16) BA, LA, OT; 4250-5140’; jw, mpg, pjw,

Sgp, $

FERNS

Asplen

AME. pene (L.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb. (3) BA, OT;

4300-4

mgp,

Asplenium elmira E (1) OT; 4930-4930’; rip

Dryopteridac

Agro rai (L.) Bernh. (2) LA; 5530-5530’; pjw, ri

oodsia mexicana Windham (5) BA, OT; uud: jw,

mgp,

Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton (1) BA; 4300-4300’; mgp

Marsileaceae

Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. (3) LA, OT; 4760-5740’; rip

Pteridac

ponen integerrima (Hook.) D.M. Benham & Windham (1) BA;

njw

O Cheilanthes eatonii Baker (11) BA, LA, OT; 4250-5140’; jw, mgp,

pjw, ri

Cheilanthes feei T. Moore (15) BA, LA, OT; 4150-6440'; jw, mgp,

pjw, rup

o Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link (7) BA, LA; 4250-5140';jw, mgp, pjw

O Pellaea wrightiana Hook. (1) BA; 4340-4400'; mgp

GYMNOSPERMS

Cupressaceae

decir monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. (96) BA, LA, MO, OT;

10m

mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp

rari pierda Sarg. (26) BA, LA, MO; 3410-6440'; mgp,

W, ri

Juniperus eins L. (11) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3410-5560'; mgp, pjw,

rd, sgp

pinus edulis PAN (19) BA, LA OT; 4420-6440’; pjw

(7) BA, LA, OT; 4620-6080’;

iw, pjw, sgp

ANGIOSPERMS

Adoxaceae

Samb ig ssp. cerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli (7) LA, OT; 4230-6090’;

rip, rd, sgp

Aizoaceae

j Raf. (1) OT; 4150-4150’; stp

Agavaceae

Yucca glauca Nutt. (63) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3290-5980’; jw, mgp, pjw,

rup, Sgp, ssp

Alismataceae

Alisma gramineum HE (1) LA; MO A np

Sagitt

E. Sheld. (1) LA; : 5860-5860’: rip

ris

^d» J12]

Sagittaria latifolia Willd. (1) OT; 4800-4800’; rip

Alliaceae [traditionally Liliaceae]

Allium textile A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. (8) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3490-6440:

mgp, rup, sgp

Amaranthaceae mee phan pif:

linde albus L. (3) BA

p anthus arenicola LM. Pw e ni s 3300-4490’; rd,

sgp, ssp

Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson (22) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3440-6130;

jw, m , Sgp, ssp

Amaranthus dee S. Watson (12) BA, LA, OT; 4300-5860 mgp,

rup, S

Amaranthus powelli S. Watson (2) LA, OT; 4940; 220 rd, sgp

(UV OT.

Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens s (36) LA, MO, OT;

3430-6210"; jw, mgp, ru , Sgp

Chenopodium album E hd BA, a 4250-5860; ; map, sap

(7 ) BA, MO, OT; 3330-4830; rip, rd, sgp, ssp, stp

9) LA, OT; OR jw, pjw

pod 030"; stp

Chen podium i canum (S. Wa vació A. ee var. incanum (15) BA,

LA, OT; ; jw, mgp, rd,

Chenopodium posi Rydb. aa 2 LA, MO, OT; 3310-5360;

cof, j , MOP, n "up. sgp, s sep

(131 A 4500. 4500

Chenopodium subglabrum (S. Bci A. Nelson vod LA, OT;

;jw, mgp, pjw, ru

Colona pen (Ride JM. Coult. (4) BA, MO; 3330-

Froelichia brad ana (Nutt.) Moq. (1) LA; 4970-4970’; p

binis gracilis (Hook.) Moq. (4) BA, MO; sont qp

ochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (13) BA, LA, OT; 4220-6130; jw,

sgp, stp LA Of

Krdschéninnikovia lanata E A. Meeuse & A. Smit (13)

4210- '; pjw, rup, S

nag ptes ines Greene (3) MO, OT; 3660-4800;

ion se só Pall. (4) OT; 4330-5100’; jw, rd, sgp

m Salsola pag L. as BA, LA, MO, OT; 3270-6130; mgp, pj @

, Sgp, S

red a RR (Torr.) Rydb. (2) OT; 4340-4500’; rip, stp

Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl. (1) OT; 4350-4350 jw

Anacardiace

Rhus a hos var. trilobata (60) BA, LA, MO, OT; 341

w, mgp, jw, rup, sgp UE (4) BA; 4150-4440;

jw, mgp, rip

Apiaceae :

4) LA;

ie erecta dires Coville var. incisa (Torr.) Cronquist (4)

560-5370’ PS

980^; JW

aia sth (Pursh) Raf. (15) BA, LA, OT; 4370-5

mgp, pjw, rup, sgp 1400-5900;

Cymopterus ied. Torr & A. Gray (12) BA, LA, OT;

jw , Sgp nicula-

tomatis psi (Nutt.) J.M. Coult. & Rose var. foe

m (2) LA; 5990-6050"; pjw

Apocynaceae [including ae el

OT; 3350-4240; cof, iP. pa

Asclepias arenaria Torr. (7) $4 pei OT; 3370-4750; A or:

Asclepias pent pep ) Woodson var. asperula (

42 ^ jw, pjw, ri

763

Kuhn et al., Fl

n f£)" DA " fe

LA, MO, OT; 3420-5900’;

Se MO TP: SUP, ssp

Im. ex Torr. (3) BA, LA; 5000-5560"; s sgp

e latifolia vea e gi BA, LA, MO, OT; 3360-6060’; jw,

p, pjw, rd, r

scp macrotis sort o ae oe jw, rup

chitdl (1) LA: 5100-5100’; pjw

Asclepias isa A "et opt oi EN ini — pjw, sgp

Asclepias (5 0-6

Asclepias tuitione (A. vie a (19) BA, LA, “MO, OT; 3620-

'; mgp, pjw, rip, sgp, ssp

Asclepias penosa L. var. interior (Woodson) Shinners (1) LA;

Asclepias viridiflora Raf. (15) BA, MO, OT; 3430-4980'; jw, mgp, pjw,

rup, SOP, ssp

Araceae

Lemna minor L. (4) BA, LA; 4800-5100’; rip

Lemna turionifera Landolt (5) BA, LA; 4250-5110"; rip

uoce

m] INL i-hÍí1Y AAA. 2AIDN 3420'; sgp

Ambrosia confertiflora a xd $ ki, id jw, hei id

2310. 0’; mgp,

sit rd, Sp, ssp

M Ar h (0M A; rA w, rd

ia: biennis Willd. var. biennis (2) OT; o aaa 73g

Artem emisia bigelovii A. Gray (16) s ol; crak jw m9p, rup, -

Art

Engelmannia pinnatifi pe A. dh ex Nutt. (54) BA, LA, MO; 3200-

5430’; jw, mgp, ri , Sgp, S

Ericameria naussose (ral ex c Pursh) Si L aon. i 9 |. Baird var.

RA 4750’: rin

17 750'; rip

Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G L. Nesom & G. L Re var.

nauseosa (6) BA, LA, OT; 4340-5770’; E a rd, sbs,

Eri (Pall. ex Pursh) G.L. & G. 1. pet var.

ri (A. Nelson) G.L. Nesom n s ies (4) BA, LA;

4410-5860’; rip, rd, sbs, sgp

a elias um Nutt. var. pole (21) BA, MO, OT;

0'; cof, mop, rup, sgp, s

11) DA,

(10) BA, LA, MO;

3360-4780’; caf, jw, iie

Erigeron concinnus (Hook. & ate Torr. & A. n var. subglaber

. (Cron nau G. ac Nesom si LA; 5560-5560’; sgp

y (37) BA, LA MO OT: 3530-6130’;

mgp, pjw, „rd, rup, Sgp

Erigeron Se Nutt. var. pumilus (Cronquist) Cronquist (3) LA;

5230”; pjw

puis ita sd is BA, 4166’; sgp

aillardia Joiner Torr. (26) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3660-5980'; mgp,

rup, sgp

pst paichilla Foug. (24) BA, MO; 3290-4610"; jw, mgp, rup,

9p, ssp

lelia ii ji (19) BA, LA OT; 3200-5680’;

mgp, pjw, rd, sgp, ssp

iy AD

LA, OT; 4240-5940’; jw,

mgp, rd, r

Gutierrezia sarothrae p Britton & Rusby (31) BA, LA, OT;

5140-5140'; pjw

Menace A W Wood ex Carruth cda E» LA; 4600-5420"; sgp ^ jw, mgp, rd, rup, sgp

(1) OT; 4930-4930 Von annuus L. he BA, LA, MO, OT; 3270-6210’; cof, jw, pjw,

nw fi Mola Torr, 6) En le i nghe mgp, Sgp, ssp , SOP, S

860"; s Helianthus ciliaris oc t MO; —Á doc

Mei ludoviciana Nutt. var. albula (Wooton) Shinners (4) LA, j BA, LA, OT; 3350-5680’;

930"; jw cgf, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp, s

Mario ludoviciana Nutt. var. ludoviciana (4) BA, LA, OT; 4300- x veian petiolaris Nutt. x cun annuus L. (4) MO, OT;

bles mg 3660-4820; rd, rup, sgp

Artemisia ludawir;, M loli OR URHUES SEN poet EP RI HEP VWE V.

(Willd. ex Spreng.) A. Gray

(1) OT; 4800-4800’; rup

Baccharis salicina Torr. & A. G Gray (1) MO; 3470-3470’; rip

Baccharis oi Gray ages is — pjw, sgp

9 Berlandier. a lyra: ; 3430-4860’; jw, mgp, pjw,

u | Sg

baa brachyphylia (A. ro A. Gray (1) OT; 5100-5100’; jw

cum californica bota A. Gray) A. Gray (5) BA, LA, OT;

930"; jw,

idi Havoda (L.) pas var. pee eet (Torr. & A.

Gray) Shinners (4) OT; 4590-5100’: ru

Chaetopappa ericoides e G.L. vitia aa BA, LA, MO, OT;

ü 30’; jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp,

acta Ochrocentrum A. Gra ay (23) BA, LA, pe 3350-5960’; mgp,

vE rup, sgp, P, SS

Cirsium agi Ss (30) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3640-5900’;

Pc » pjw, T d, rup, s ps

te sium Fike (Savi) Ten. ue 4250-4250"; rd

Onyza ie ensis (L.) a iq (25) BA, LA, OT; 4050-6060’; jw,

+ Pjw, rd, rup, sgp,

C ul ,

dama ciet (Natty rae (4) BA, LA, OT; 4300-58607,

reri Puis ex DC) Nutt. (7) BA, OT; 4080-4770’; mgp,

Pind Ho

ux ex Pre (Vent.) Hitchc. (10) LA, MO, OT; 3430-6210’; jw,

hace angustifolia DC. (2) BA; 4820-4980’; jw, mgp

LA; 6060-6060”; pjw

1 horrida (Rydb.) V.L. Harms (24) BA, LA, OT; 3970-6060’;

mgp, pjw, rup, sgp, ssp

: Radio piece bras BR oO"

mgp

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa (19) BA, LA, OT;

140°; jw, mgp, pjw, rup, Sgp, ssp

Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var. cinereus (Rydb.) I.M. Johnst (8)

OT; 4370-4800’; mgp, rup, sgp

ici fF HIRE haer

(3) BA, OT; 4400-4760’; rup, sgp

Vg sn flavescens A. Gray var. a (35) BA, LA, MO;

90-5180'; cof, mop, "i rup sgp,

37 a MO, OT; 3200-5980’;

pjw, rup, Sgp, S

eb AOE (6) uada 290-4780'; mgp, pjw, rup, sgp

iva gaii Pursh (9) LA, OT; 4300-6030’; rip, rd, rup, sgp, st

m Lactuca serriola L. (19) BA, LA, OT; 4220-6210’; jw, mgp, rip, rd,

rup, Sgp

Liatris punctata Hook. (21) BA, LA, OT; 4220-6210’; jw, mgp, rup, sgp

Lygodesmia AN (Pursh) D. Don ex ipe (40) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3290-5600’; jw, mgp, rd,

Machaeranthera teur Pent Nees (26) BA, LA, OT;

200-5190’; mgp, rup, Sgp, S:

o leucanthum Torr. € A. Gray (76) BA, LA, MO, OT:

90-5560’; jw, mgp, pjw, rup, Sgp, ssp

764

Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) G. Don (2) OT; 4160-4210’; rd, rip

thocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene (4) LA, OT; 4560-5230’; jw,

rd, rup, sgp

is foliosa (A. Gray) foliosa (43) LA, OT; 4200-6130';

jw mgp. rd, mp, sap

W.A. Weber & A. Lóve (1) BA; 4720-4720";

sgp

Pack id (Rydb.) W.A. Weber & A. Love (27) BA, LA, OT;

5980’; mgp, pjw, ru

pantona rosea vii Cory ain BA, LA, OT; 4220-4940’; pjw, rd,

, Sgp,

a place (Nutt ex Torr.) = (8) BA, LA, MO, OT;

W, MOP, rup, SGP, S

~ po sa (2) BA, OT; pee jw, sgp

eri come caudata A. Gray (0) B^; 4300-4309; m P

(291 DA LA

O, 0T;3 360-6030’; jw, rd, rup, sgp.ss

a: woodhousei (A. Gray) diei (5) BA; 3870-4830";

(DC.) Anderb. (2) BA, LA; 4300-5120";

Ratibida columnifera (N N & Standl. (78) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3200-6080; i caf, jw, mgp, pjw, ra prn, sop. ssp

MO OT- 2260. 61 30

j , map, jw, rd, rup, sgp, s

WScorzonera laciniata L. (11) BA, E OT; 4250-5720"; pjw, rd, rup, sgp

Senecio flaccidus Less. var. douglasii (DC.) B.L. Turner & T.M. Barkley

(24) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3580-6060’; jw, mgp, pjw, rup, sgp

Senecio spartioides Torr. & A. Gray (7) BA, LA, OT; 4300-5770’; jw,

mgp, rd, sgp

Solidago gigantea Aiton (2) BA, MO; rese tu ia

Solidago opi Nutt. (1) BA; 4300-4

Solidago mollis Bartl. (4) LA, OT; ae ha e

Solidago nana Gat (1) BA; 4760-4760’; ru

Solidago nemoralis Aiton var. ongpetolt (Mack. & Bush) E.J.

Palmer & Steyerm. (1) OT; 4930-4930’; sgp

pia oni A. Gray (6) X LA, OT; 4300-5100"; jw, mgp,

et ditis (4) LA, OT; 4220-5370’; rd, rip

m Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (3) BA, LA, OT; 4250-4480"; r

Stephanomeria ih seas (Torr.) A. Nelson (44) BA, LA, MO, OT;

mgp, pjw, rd, S Sgp, ss

Symptyootchum ericoides (L.) G.L. Nesom var. pansum (S.F. Blake)

G.L. Nesom (1) LA 4410-441 0; rd

csi abel Pini. (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom var. commutatum

(Torr. & A. Gray) G.L. Nesom (11) BA, LA, OT; 4300-5770’; jw,

is sgp

E Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg. (10) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3410-5960’; cof, pjw, rd, sgp

Teti j lis (P acaulis (81) BA. LA MO, OT;

3430-6050’; sh um pjw, rup, sgp

m scaposa a a Greene var. scaposa (5) BA, MO; 3480-

7 pjw, rup, S

perma filifoli look.) A. Gray (15) BA, MO; 3290-4610’; jw,

mgp, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

(79) BA,LA, MO, OT;

3200-57 00; cgf, jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, S$

Thelesperma subnudum A. Gray (9) OT; 4390-5160’: r rup, S

Thymophylla aurea i ptu Greene ex Britton var. aurea (5) OT;

4300-4620’; r

Townsendia HSA ps Ade Porter (4) LA, OT; 4640-6050’;

jw, rup

m Tragopogon dubius Scop. igen BA, LA, MO, OT; 3380-6030"; caf,

mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, ssp, s

(Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A Gray (11) BA, LA,

OT; 4410-5860’; pjw, rd, ru

o verona marginata pon Raf. an MO; 3290-3290’; ssp

an €: R.L. Hartm. var. gla-

0-0 cof, j Jw, map, | -— - = ssp

R.L. Hartm. var. pa-

berrimum (Rydb.) D. R. Morgan > R. B Hartm. (18) BA, LA, MO,

modorum (B.L. Tunes &R. L Hart "s a » pe & R.L. Hartm.

A, LA, MO, OT; 3370-4940’; jw, rup, sgp, ssp

Seema. spinulosum (Pursh) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartm. var.

spinulosum (131) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3200-5940"; jw, mgp, pjw,

rd, rup, sgp, ssp, stp

E Xanthium spinosum L. (1) LA; 5960-5960”; sgp, stp

Xanthium strumarium L. (14) BA, LA, OT; 4300-6210’; rd, st

Zinnia grandiflora Nutt. (75) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3410-6130; "M

Sgp, Ssp, st

Boraginaceae

piede civem degli Cronquist var. cinerea (3) BA, OT;

p, sgp

Cryp (G )C j ii Cronquist (31)

BA, LA, MO, OT; 3450-5560; 4 mgp, ow, mp E ssp

20-3380:

ssp :

Cryptantha minima Rydb. (40) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3370-5720; caf, jw,

gp, pjw, rup, Sgp, ssp

ha thyrsifora (G (27) BA, LA, OT; 4370-5370;

mgp, p sgp

a se Pas . (2) LA; 5960-6090’; pjw, rd

Heliotropium convolvulaceum EH A. om var. convolvulaceum

(4) BA, MO; 3370-4460 EN

L | identalis (S. Wat: papa var. cupulata (A. Gray) L

E Higgins (10) BA, LA, vo, OT; 342 20-5980. rd, Up, sgp, stp

92) BA LA,

O, OT; 3390-5980’; cgf, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp "

PE e incisum Lehm. (63) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3290-6050 c

mgp. pjw, rup, sgp, ssp

(1) LA: 5990-6050"; piw

VIV sw)

Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A. DC. (1) LA; 6060-6440; p. 6)

nosm molle Michx. var. apu (Mack.) I.M. pel:

BA, T: oF 4300-5360’; m

Wissicapene [including Capparaceae]

0-4570"; sg

pei fendieri ^ Watson) WA. Weber (1) LA :5140-

melina microcarpa pi ex DC. (17) BA, LA, OT; 42

0’: rip, rd, stp

rd,

40-5140; piw

90-5740;

a Capsella paid aod P Modi (1) LA; 5110-511 bots

risus. tene ^ im ) DC. (14) LA, MO, OT; 3420-5740]

rup, S

Cleome ul ad (4) LA, OT; 4350-5370; jw

m Conringia — (L) Dumort. (1) OT; 4800-4800; s9 : P deni

Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton var. osmiarum ( a pr

Shinners (1 hi an LA, MO, OT; 3380-6050’; mgp. pjw, rd,

ssp, stp MO, OT:

m — sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl (42) BA, LA, M

3370-6030’; cof, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp; SP, StP SOP

Draba reptans (Lam.) Fernald (3) LA, OT; 4290-5560 a jw

Erysimum Pap ptas (55) BA, LA, MO, OT; 32

mgp, rd, r

m Erysimum sea L w OT; 4500-4500; rd Mo, Of:

Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. var. patie pe. BA, LA

3380-6050’; cgf, jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, SOP, $ iligan (3)

iod densiflorum Schrad. var. REN A. Mulig?

O; 3430-4780"; rup, ss

Kuhn et al., Floristi

Physaria E (A. Gray) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (33) LA, OT;

4240-4 22i mgp, pjw, "M sg

Di ; (mi A; 5090() 605 -piw

7 PJwW

Physaria ovalifolia (Rydb. ex Britton) O’ Kane & Al- Shehbaz ssp.

oval alie (6) E 2 380-4800, mgp, p, 9p, a

Pi A.G ray) H H

litis (27) BA, LA, ow a 3290-5430; jw, mgp, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

Rorippa sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc. (5) BA, LA, OT; 4500-6130"; rd, sgp, stp

E Sisymbrium altissimu (10) BA, LA, MO; 3370-4880'; caf, rip,

rd, rup, Sgp, ssp, stp

yap (12)LA, OT; 4300-5370";

rup, sgp

Th ightii A Gray ssp

LA; 4260-4510'; jw, mgp

Cactaceae

Coryphantha yen (Nutt.) Britton & Rose (8) BA, LA, MO, OT;

660-5100’; jw, pjw, rd, ru

ell morata (H bin ba Knuth var. imbricata (40) BA,

23 ad jw, map, TUP, sgp

Q.D [17 DA

LA, OT; 4350-4950’; jw, mop, rup, s

creep risp Engelm. (18) a LA, OT; 4290-6050’; jw,

, SOP, S

one rag (Nutt.) Haw. (6) LA, MO, OT; 3490-6080’; pjw, rd,

sgp

ane phaeacantha Engelm. (25) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3360-4980’;

cof, jw, rup, sgp, ssp

Opuntia polyacantha Haw. var. Moris (39) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3 30’; jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, s

Opuntia cisci Panola & J.M. Soc (11) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3410-5360’; cof, jw, mgp, Sgp, s

panulaceae

o Lobelia cardinalis L. (1) BA; 4300-4300’; rip

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. (4) BA, MO; 3360-4440'; cgf, rip

Cannabaceae

T "crga L. (8) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3360-5450’; cgf, mgp,

w, Fup, s

Tu reticulata T (16) B

rup, sgp

LA, MO, OT; 3310-5140’; cgf, jw, mgp,

Caprifoliaceae

"Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. oe BA; 4620-4620; sgp

Lonicera tatartica L. (1) iv A

chus: "EN (2) LA; 4440-5900 rip

AG A- nen 6440;

Caryophyllaceae

T hooker (Nutt.) W.A. Weber var. hookeri (15) LA, OT;

5150; mgp, pjw, rup, sgp

"Mrs Poker beg a Weber var. pinetorum (A. Nelson)

h Dorn (3) OT; 4

mason &A. Serna BA, LA, MO, OT; 3410-5560';

w, mgp,

oni “ei "ed ud LA, OT; 4240-6210’; jw, rup, sgp

antirrhina L. (4) BA, LA, OT; 4250-4610’; jw, pjw, rip

liammet bungeanus Maxim. (1) BA; 4620-4620'; sgp

^ naceae

“i a SOAN (5) BA, LA, MO; 3330-5120”; mgp, pjw, rip, ssp

vtm ooi (Britton) Smyth var. occidentalis (27) BA,

310-5560", cof, jw, map, rip, Sgp, ssp

Convolvulaceae

n Convolvulus arvensis L. M BA, LA, MO, OT; 3360-6030’; jw, mgp,

p, rd, rup, sgp, ssp, st

paces equitans ai (23) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3490-5940’; jw,

MOP, ri p

m Cuscuta approximata Bab. (1) OT; 4480-4480"; sgp

Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. (1) BA; 4910-4910’; mgp

Cuscuta Pena o (1) eN HH rup

h (m1

ip, rd

siis nuttallianus Schult. (71) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3310-5980’; caf,

mgp, p^ Jw, TP sgp, a

BA, LA, MO, OT; 3270-6060’; cof, mgp,

pjw, rd, rup, sgp, sp

Cucurbitaceae

(^. hi H(TIO)RA IA MO, OT; 3270: 5960’; caf,

p, pjw, rd, rup, sop,

Odd dissecta (Torr. & A. pem Arn. (1) LA; 4870-4870’; rip

Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) prs ssp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T.

Koyama PINTA VO OT 090: Aa Sp

var aquati ilic ( * S020. 503 30" ri rip

Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell (7) BA, LA; 4250-6090";

pjw, rip

Carex e E x Bailey (16) BA, LA; 4250-5530’; jw, mgp, pjw,

rup, S

Eie. ates il ex Willd. (5) BA, LA, OT; 4340-5530’; rip

Carex inops L. H. Bailey ssp. Eres (1) LA; 5990-6050’; pjw

Carex lanuginosa Michx. (1 4250-4250’; rip

Carex praegracilis W. Boott Es LA, OT; 4570-5030’; rip

Carex vulpinoidea Michx. (1) BA; 4250-4250’; ri

Cyperus Sparta Torr. (2) BA; 9200 4760: mgp, pjw

(1) BA; 4255’; rip

TE J F

o ig Torr. (10) BA, MO; 3370-4820" LN mgp, rip,

Sgp, SSP, S

Pius squarrosus vé (1) BA; 4300-4300; m

Eleoch aris macrostachya Britton (14) BA, ij a OT; 3490-5470";

Eleocharis sate ba Roem. & Schult. (11) BA, LA, MO, OT;

370-5740’; ri

@ Eleocharis es ee (2) MO; 3410-3420’; caf, rip

pps pungens Med Palla var. pungens (26) BA, LA, MO,

sun cof, rip, st

|.) Palla (15) BA, LA, MO,

OT; 3340-6090; rip, stp

Scirpus pallidus (Britton) Fernald (6) BA, LA, OT; 4250-5530’; rip, stp

Dipsacaceae

m Dipsacus fullonum L. (1) OT; 4160-4160’; rip

Elaeagnaceae

m Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (7) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3550-5470’; rip,

, rup, Sgp

Elatinaceae

Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub. ex Walp. (1) OT; 6130-6130’; stp

Euphorbiaceae

g lis (Engelm. & A. Gray) Müll Arg. var. humilis (2)

OT; 4570-4650’; rd, sgp

A F 7 ialina (N Müll Arg (3) BA, MO; 3430 4300";

mgp,

Chamaesyce fender (Torr. : A. ue pey (69) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3410- mgp, pjw,

chance alyptosperma Enam S ca (31) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3290-5940’; cof, jw, rd, rup, sgp, s

L ic ye

1(22)BA LA MO, OT; 3410-4990’;

jw, map, pjw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

Ch (15) BA, LA, MO; 3370-5170;

cof, iw, mgp, Sgp, SSP

E H ££ AT: A200 040"; jw

= Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small (10) LA, OT; 4440-5770;

rup, sgp

e Ire

WE 4) BA, | A, OT; 3200-5860’;

jw, rd, rup, sgp

is (Kl h) Müll. Arg. (98) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3290-5450’;

cof, map. pjw, "S fap n le tp

A, LA, MO, OT; 3360-5860'; cof, j jw,

` mgp; rd, rup, Sgp, ssp

horbi i Pursh (36) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3490-6130’; pjw,

rd, rup, sgp, ssp, stp

Euphorbia spathulata Lam. (5) LA, OT; 4350-4980’; a rup, sgp

mihi sylvatica Garden ex L. (1) MO; 3370-3370"

Tragia ramosa Torr. (31) BA, LA, OT; 4140-5770"; M mgp, pjw, rup,

9p, SSP

Fabace

fees canescens Pursh (4) BA, LA; 4300-5150; a mgp, rip

Amorpha fruticosa L. (5) LA, OT; 4160-4610"; p

iei cg bisulcatus es A. ak var. Mp (5) LA, OT;

'; pjw, rd, r

sag ceramicus E. hal var. filifolius (A. Gray) F.J. Herm. (1)

250-4260’; cgf

r AL 11\1 ACANNA CEANN: cenn

1 5600’; sgp

var. paysonii (E. H. Kelso) B by (5)

(BA 4080-4880; mgp, sap

H k (111 A: 644

0-6440'; s

Astragalus gracilis Nutt. (23) BA, LA, OT; 4080-6050'; mgp, aay

rup, sgp

" q. rm L Hinh

g g ip (A Gray) M.E

Jones (3) LA; 4350-4610'; jw, pjw

Astragalus lotiflorus Hook. (13) BA, MO, OT; 3420-4800'; mgp,

Sgp, ss

A 1 ] H ray | *

war Li Dn

or habe Bice mgp, rup, sop

n [QV DA

J aed Or \, LA,

is (35) BA, LA, MO, OT;

3480-5980; jw, mgp. pjw, na. sgp, ssp

(13) BA, LA; 4050-5360’;

dw vat pjw, P; sgp

DC. var. austrinus (Small) Barneby (2) LA,

OT; 4290-4610 pw

gl fS TS (1) OT; 4310. 4310’;

PENA racemosus Pursh var. longisetus M.E. Jones (4) LA, OT;

4550-5740’; rup, sgp

racemosus (3) LA, OT; 4860-5370";

Pri ONUS Nutt. (1) OT; 4520-4520’; rup

GM ragana o Lam. (1) BA; 4620-4620'; sgp

x Pursh (12) BA LA MO; 2220 &naen'

6060"; jw, mgp,

pjw, rup, sgp,

Dalea dirt Mes var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners (36) BA, LA,

O, 430-6060’; mgp, pjw, rup, sgp, ss

. — cylindriceps dt e M -— oi caf, ssp

770v

90-4770"; jw, mgp, pjw,

Dalea formosa Torr (1) sd 4250-4440’; j

e ji (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray a BA, LA, MO, OT; 3370-

5560; jw, mgp, pjw, Se sig sp

var.

11) MAD. 227

Dalea nana Tort. exA. Gray var. nana (2) BA, MO; 3310-4240: caf, sgp

OF 4150-4950; jw, mgp, pjw, rup, sap, ssp

Var. 90.

AQQ

4980" , pjw, up

Dalea wai (A. Gray) Shinners (7) BA, MO; 3430-4980; pjw,

Desmanthus cooleyi (Eaton); Tek (5) BA — Sgp, ssp

Rob. & Fernald (4)

OT; 3350-4210’; rip, Sgp, ssp

Sleds triacanthos L. (9) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3410-5470; cof, jw,

, rd, s

cori lepidota Pursh (18) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3350-6090; cof,

cuit boreale Nutt. var. boreale (6) LA, OT; 4380-4510 jw,

rup, Sgp

Hoffmannseggia drepanocarpa A. Gray (13) BA, OT; 4280-4940;

mgp, pjw, "p sgp

"Fat cx fOCVAALDY OT: 3. 420-4780’; jw

hathyns cad us Butters & H. 3x John el ait pe

Pi py x Rydb)

orn 1 (2) BA, OT; 4780-4800’; mgp, ssp

[upinis Lem S. eire (2) BA; 4240-4800"; mgp, ssp

var. pusillus (5) BA, OT; 4230-4400 mgp,

cost. Am L. (2) BA; 4760-4800’; pjw, ru

m Medicago sativa L. (7) BA, OT; 4210-4930; rip, 0 rup, sgp

m Melilotus ai AUS (40) BA, LA, MO, OT; m DE cof, piw,

rip, rd, sgp,

"ellos da i cic VA iod ih BA, LA, MO, OT; 3360-6090; caf,

w, rd, rup, sg

Mimosa boreali ^ prr 5, EX uN ld mgp, pjw

r. & A. Gray) Barneby (3)

MO; 3 310-3410”; eus

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh var. JP A. Gray (1) MO; 3480-3480;

ssp

Pediomelum cuspidatum gy Rydb. a MO; 3430-3540; rup

Pediomelum hypogaeum ex Tor r. & A. Gray) Rydb. var. hypo-

aeum (2) BA, OT; ppp

Pomaria ANS (Torr. & A. Gray) vo os BA, LA, MO, OT; 3410-

pjw, rup,

, SOP,

Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) pura (8) BA, MO; 3370-4910;

cof, m

p 1:

Psoralidium terion (Pursh) Rydb. (123) BA, LA, MO, 0

3200-62 mgp, pjw, rd, rup, >

Robinia IEA (1) BA; 4270-4270";

meinen ttalliana B.L. Turner (39) BA, LA, ies OT; 3430-6080; jW,

" n;

es Movet tin & A. Gray) Piper (1) MO; 3370-33

rip

Mia sica Muhl. ex my. var. minor Hook. (12) LA, Of

iw, mop, rd, rup, Sgp,

5360;

idle tdi Nutt. var. MAE e LA, OT; 4350-

Fagaceae

x Quercus xundulata Torr. (9) BA, LA; n de ur

Quercus gambelii Nutt. (3) BA, LA; 4860-6080

Frankeniaceae /: rup, SgP

Frankenia jamesii Torr ex A. Gray (4) OT; 4390-9987 T

Nati a

ma X Not ra) MO: 3370-3370; rip

(1) BA; 4980-4980)"

O Frasera coloradensis (C.M. Rogers) D.M. Post

Geraniaceae

E Erodium cicutarium E ) UHér. ex Aiton (9) LA,

cgf, rd, rup, Sgp, s

mo, OT; 3470-574

ri. al2l Lehn fi if. UNES TY

Kuhn et al

Aunn et di.,

Grossulariacea

Ribes aureum ra var. aureum (13) BA, LA, OT; 41500-6090’; jw,

mgp,

E sel ad (12) BA, LA, OT; 4320-6080'; mgp, pjw,

poh tation A. Gray (7) BA, LA; 4230-6440"; jw, mgp, pjw

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom. (1) LA; 4870-4870’; rip

Hydrangeaceae

Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray (1) OT; 4930-4930"; rip

Hydrophyllaceae

Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. (1) LA; 5740-5740"; sgp

Juglandaceae

Juglans nigra L. (2) BA; 4340-4620’; mgp, sgp

Juncac

€ act Willd. var. balticus (Willd.) Trautv. (2) MO, OT;

Juncus es eiua (9) BA, LA, OT; 4230-6090; rip, stp

Juncus interior Wiegand (3) BA, OT; 4340-4930'

Juncus ae Torr. (1) LA; 6080-6080’; ri

Juncus nodosus L. (1) BA; 4250-4250’; rip

Juncus torreyi (Cove (10) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3380-5370"; rip

Lamiac

Hedeoma drummondii Benth. (3) BA, OT; 4820-5100'; jw, rup, sgp

lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. P. C. Barton (2) BA; 4300-4760’;

p. pjw

E Marrubi Igare L. (19) BA, LA, OT; 4290-6130'; mgp, pjw, rip,

| rup, sgp

Mentha arvensis | (2) LA; 5530-5530 r

Monarda pectinata Nutt. (11) BA, LA, a OT; 3410-4860'; mgp,

pjw, rip, rup; sgp, He

Salvia 'a refl 8)BA,LA A

MO, OT: 3480-5320’; pjw, rup, Sgp

Teucri Eo. c var. occidentale (A. Gray) E. M. McClint. &

Eling pe as -4240';

Teucrium la (36) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3380-6090’; cof, jw,

pjw, ja E ia ssp

Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex A. Gray (3) BA, OT; 4560-4900;

JW, mgp

linaceae

Unum lewisij m var. lewisii (18) LA, OT; 4360-6080”; jw, mgp,

pjw, rd, ru

Unum Mur Nonon) m (19) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3350-5740’;

MOP, pjw, rup,

impera iia Heller (4) LA, OT; 4290-5740’; pjw, sgp

ag Pursh (24) BA, MO, OT; 3420-4880’; mgp, pjw, rd,

P, Sgp, ssp

eae

Mentzelia albirat- m i

BIOT: 4 4290-4800; h

mgp, pjw, ru.

"ind cet 9npiwmp ^

rm I T

& A. Gray

Cilan (QYRA 1 A

4300-6130: ;jw, mgp, rd, rup, s

'@ multiflora (Nutt.) A. Gray int BA, LA, OT; 4220-4950";

‘nc (Pursh) Torr. & A. pon (29) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3270-

locu, 9p, pjw, rup, sgp, ss

lite oligosperma Nutt. ex Sims 5 BA, LA; 4250-4440’; jw,

a rusbyi Wooton (17) BA, LA, OT; 4050-5370"; jw, im

Mentzelia

Teverchonii (U OT:

4330-53 360% m ah ss eie H.J. Thomp. & Zavort. (7) LA,

767

ceae

cao shes (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray var. Done (Torr. &

y) A. Gray (7) MO; pego ; cgf, rup, sgp, $

a Pen trionum E (1) OT; 465

Malva neglecta Wallr. (4) BA, LA; prios "e rd, sgp

e oe angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don BA, LA, MO, OT;

210’; jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sg

Spore coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. m tae LA, MO, OT; 3310-

6030’; caf, jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, ssp

Martyni

Pe idsrus euiianic (Mill.) Thell. ssp. louisianica (9) BA, LA, OT;

4340-6130’; jw, mgp, rd, sgp, ss

Molluginaceae

Mollugo verticillata L. (3) BA, MO; 3440-4300"; sgp, ssp

Mor

Ma gone (Raf) C.K. Schneid. (1) BA; 4300-4300’; sgp

m Morus alba L. (6) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3530-5470’; jw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

Nyctaginaceae

pge bises Nutt. ex Hook. (11) BA, LA, MO; 3370-5560’; jw,

we li ater Heimer! (6) BA, LA; 4140-4970”; pjw, rup, ssp

Mirabilis glabra (S. Watson) Standl. (4) MO; 3370-3470’; cgf, rup

"E id ine (Pursh) Heimerl var. eget es BA, LA, MO, OT;

'; cof, mgp, pjw, rd, ru

nai pate (Torr.) A. Gray var. il (8) BA, LA, OT;

240’; jw, pjw, itn —— p

ill. (8) LA, MO, OT; 3360-4870’;

cof

Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torr.) Hook. (1) OT; 4480-4480; sgp

Oleaceae

m Fontanesia apg Labill. ssp. fortunei (Carriére) Yaltirik (1)

hali NRA

MO, OT; 3550-4330’; rip, sgp

" Syringa vulgaris L. (1) BA; 4350-4350"; sgp

Onagra

Oenothera 'albicaulis "n (8) BA, LA, ke d € Sgp, Ssp

800’: iw, sap

4640-4800 ¿JV

pica cinerea en & Standl.) W.L. ea & Hoch ssp.

ea (6) BA, 360-4460’; caf, ru

cenar cae Torr. & A. Gray A "i OT; 4320-5230’;

Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch (25) BA, LA, MO, OT;

vetant caf, mgp; pjw, tup. Sgp, =P

AO: 3310-3410’; caf sso

iind i an xd

e o Oen othera harringtonii W.L. Wagner (6) OT; 4440-4950’; rup

c hartwegi Benth. ssp. pubescens (A. podes Pater’

och (5) BA, LA; 4730-5150’; jw, pjw, rup, ss

Oenothera hawara (^ Nelson Wi" bi anh (1) a 4390-4390"; ru

MO; 3350-5170’; soe

vero

onore aiid Dis & A. Gray (27) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3480-

980’; jw, mgp, rup, Sgp, SSP

odes qe Nutt. (20) BA, LA, MO; 3310-5170’; cgf, mgp,

h OQQA LA MO

on 3190-5985 m map, pjw, " „rup, sgp, ne

4760"; san

(JP

(Cari WI W.

UENO

a nchac

Castil ak Gray (5) LA, OT; 5100-6080'; p)

Ca iem sessiliflora Pursh (14) LA, OT; 4300-5740"; M ae rup, sgp

Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. (1) LA; 6060-6440’; p

768

Orobanche d Nutt. v. (Nutt.) G. Beck (5) BA,

LA, OT; 4310-5600’; mgp, pjw, Sgp, sp

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis dillenii Jacq. (2) BA; 4230-4440"; jw, mgp

Papaveraceae

A EX ODE A (21 MO, OT; 2220-4920" run ss

y (3) alan to,

LA, OT; 4250-

A Caña C

- 4940; : jw, ‘rd, sop, ssp

(6) BA, MO; 3350-4050’;

E sp, ssp

qe Milld war (CY AAD: 2220N_2A 90"; cof, , rip, SS, p

Corydalis aurea Willd. var. occidentalis jap ex x Gray (4) BA,

MO, OT; 3450-4800’; mgp, pjw, Sgp, s

hryma

— abn Kunth var. jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray ex Benth.) A.

(1) LA; 5120-5120’; rip

DI Eb s " 1

2 2 F F

Mi wl can

ra, sgp

Penstemon albidus Nutt. (16) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3480-5560; rup,

Sgp, SSP

Penstemon ambiguus Ton: (7) BA, MO; m ‘SOP, ssp

Heller) Rydb.

vM BA, LA, = A jw, mop. pjw, rup, sgp

[21 (NT. AC U

A800 man

T2UU—^OUU , MYP

D. fi Ll

42 Ta}

Penstemon si us A. Gray var. asa-grayi (Crosswh. Ó ih (1) OT;

m Plantago Acide Pe 9 LA; 5100-5120’; rip

Plantago patagonica Jacq. (52) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3310-6050’; cof,

j S, SGP, SSP

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (9) BA, LA; 4250-5130’; rip

Veronica catenata Pennell (1) BA; 4760-4760’; rip

L EMI

(4) LA; 5110-5740"; rip

roe.

} (n. 6 Cable) Eau h (AD DA

ray

sp pce ten (DC.) Herter this BA, LA, MO, OT; 3220-

, rd, ru

e paliar me eldii viia "d (4) BA, LA, OT; 4220-

4930’; jw, mgp,

Bouteloua curtpendula (Michx.) Torr. var. Po (84) BA, LA,

MO, OT; 3200-6210’; cgf, mgp, pjw, rd, ru ssp

gorsen won (Torr.) Torr. (9) BA, LA, OF pim jw,

mgp,

Hip or en Lag. ex Griffiths (53) BA, LA, MO, OT;

70'; jw, mgp, rd, ru

Bouteloua aie DA var. hirsuta pa Sk LA, OT; 3970-6060'; jw,

gp, pjw, rup,

Bromus diri Hook. nues (3) LA, MO; 3410-5960’; jw, sgp, ssp

Bromus commutatus Schrad. (2) BA, MO; 3550-4170’; rd, sgp

m Bromus inermis Leyss. (10) LA, MO, OT; 3420-5800'; mgp, rd,

UP, sgp, SSP

— japonicus Thunb. ex Murray (57) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3360-

0’; cof, jw, mgp, rd, da sgp,

Si tectorum L. (38) BA, LA, me OT; 3380-5740'; cgf, mgp,

pjw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

gelm. (57) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3200-6030;

caf, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, ssp

& Merr. (2) BA, MO; 3470-4910;

mgp, rip

hrus longisp (Hack.) Fernald hag BA, LA, MO, OT; 3300-

680’; caf, jw, mgp, rd, rup, sgp, S:

dai verticillata Nutt. (38) BA, LA, ids OT; 3330-5180; cof, jw,

mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

d iit Sw. (5) BA, OT; ag ds! mgp, =

m Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (1) LA 4440’;

Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult, Gould var. rn

(Nash) Gould (6) BA, LA; 3970-5530”; mgp, pjw, Sgp, SSP

iv. * BE . Im hiu A (133 RA- A200. 4300 mgp

higi (Vf. A Ming (9) RA- 4920-4400

" FN . A map

ede Pig (L) Greene (16) LA, MO, OT; 3380-4760; cof, rip

a Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (12) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3290-

rd, S

x P sem tachya Wiegand

Posi Me OT; 3350-6050; cot. mop. p. pw, rd Up, sop, ssp

(14) BA, lA Mo vi dl cocida rip, stp E

El r. canadensis (56) “ LA, MO, OT; 335

190; ; Jw, rup, sgp

m Aegilops cylindrica Host (8) BA, LA, OT; 4300-5

L.) Gaertn. var. cristatum (5) LA, OT;

ee ristatum (

5260; M ne sg

m Ag

Gaertn. var. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link)

Dorm (3) BA; 4220-4940; 59p. 3

T: 4690—4930": ri

TOZU—^22UV,TIp

m Agrostis stolonifera k 3) LA 5100-5900; qe.

iati te) D.

Andropogon halli € ds hes w 4760-6060; pw rup, p

Aristida divaricata ud & diable ex Willd. (5) BA; ee

mgp, PJW, ssp

Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey (6) LA, MO,

41 od IW. up sgp, ss

3290-6440’; cof, jw, map, p pjw, rd, rup, sg

sd pagel pb Nutt. var. nealleyi (Vasey) Med (4) LA, OT;

0-5120'; pjw, ru

PN —€— Nutt. var. dini beo BA, LA, MO, OT; 3330-

5860’; cgf, jw, mgp, pjw, rd, r

jin. purpurea Nutt. v

dei. LA, MO,

var. bM y^ Allred (2) BA, LA;

-4410 jw, mgp

a Mirror pean (L.) Keng (7) BA, MO; 3360-4300’; caf,

rd, rup, sgp, ssp

MS cof, jw, mae pjw, rd, rap: sgp, SS

¡Pudo ) Dorn (1)

‘OT: 4200-4200; Sgp

LL cm.) Dorn (113)

BA LA MO. OT: 3200. 6090; cat jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp. SSP 4

1) BA, LA, MO, OT; 32 00-5770;

El J

3 mes ips an dais var. hispidus (5) BA, OT; 4160-

20;

fis JAn (Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) Gould (6) BA, 07; 4510-49

"up; sgp 00-6090; cof.

Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould (79) BA, LA, MO, OT; 32 id

jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sbs, eh ssp

m Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau (4) BA, MO; 3290-4820; pe or:

m Eragrostis CMS sis day J) Vignolo e ex ex (13) BA,

3480-5860 rip, rd, sgp, 4400; cof.

Eragrostis a abres a e MO; 3380 i

mgp, sgp want

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. var. miserr

Fourn.) Reeder (1) OT; 4620-4620";

rup

Me a o ssp

m poa (L) 5 BM. 3) si «0-5860; 50P

Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. (1) OT; 4650-4650; rd

769

Kuhn et a, Fl

iR Nash (SORA LA MO OT: 3380. 5560';

“ai jw, mgp, pjw, rup, sgp, s

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. a A 5530-6090’; rip

Hesperostipa gei (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth var. comata (35)

5980’; ve jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

ex J.M. Coult.) Barkworth (22)

Hesperostipa neomextana I

BA, LA, OT;

E Tori pen i MO, OT; 3420-5240’; mgp,

w, rd, ru

- Bos: anita Zuloaga & Morrone (36) BA, LA, MO, OT;

es 307 cof, mgp, pjw, rd, mus SOP) SS

ELA

70. 5470

Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. intermedium Bowden (36) LA, MO, OT;

5900’; mgp, pjw, rip, rd, sg

Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. jubatum e BA; 4800-4800’; sgp

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. I BA, LA, MO, OT; 3380-6030’; cof, jw,

mgp, rd, rup, sg

leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth a fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow (8) LA,

, OT; 3340-6130’; rip, rd

E setosus (Nutt.) C. d (4) BA, LA, OT; 4340-5370’; jw,

eniin arenacea (Buckley) Hitchc. (4) LA, OT; 4400-4550";

jw, sbs, sgp

Muhlenbergi la Buckley (5) BA, LA, OT; 4090-5600’; jw,

rd, sgp

Muhlenbergia asperifolia “web & i ex Trin.) Parodi (10) LA,

; 3370-5770’; rip, sb

Muhlenbergia racemosa pha ibd Sterns, & Poggenb. (1)

OT; 4930-4930; rip

Muhlenb ex Bush (18) BA, LA, OT; 3200-

5380’; mgp, pjw, rup, sgp, ssp Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr.

(21) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3290-6060’; jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, ssp

me viridula (Trin.) Barkworth (9) LA, OT; 4990-6090’; pjw, rd,

P. sgp

L capillare L. ssp. capillare (16) BA, MO, OT; 3380-5190’; caf,

MOP, pjw, rup, sgp, ssp

Panicum hallii Vasey (1) BA; 4250-4440"; jw

Panicum virgatum L. (20) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3290-5530’; cgf, mgp,

pjw, sop, ssp

"Paspa lum

A, MO; 3330-5370’; jw,

Paspalum Ee Michx. var. stramineum (Nash) D. J. Banks (4)

MO; 3350-4310’; ru

eapi L.(1 fa 3410-3410"; ache

iii Walter (1) BA; 4340-4350"; r

Senn cranthum A & Rupr.) boh (14) BA, LA, OT;

€ 21 v; jw, pjw,

E pressa L. (8 TA iu MO, OT; 3550-6440’; pjw, rup

om eriana ogni (1) OT; 4400-4400"; sgp

Pratensis L. (1) LA; 5740-5740'; s

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (25) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3340-54207

Pr (3) BA, LA; re rip

mai E (L.) Parl. (1) LA; 4690-4690’; r

aniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. wale i LA, MO, OT;

E mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, S

orus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. a BA, LA, MO, OT;

ll rup

rim scoparium o Nash var. scoparium (10) BA, LA,

^k 20-6. mgp, p

aa o (Scribn. 8 Mir K. Schum. (2) LA; 4500-4950

boe

E pis ) Roem. & Schult. (8) LA, MO, OT; 3300-5030’;

rup, sg

he gf, jw,

Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (10) BA, LA, OT; 4150-5860’; jw, rd, rup,

sgp, ssp

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (2) BA; 4300-4300'; mgp

Sorghum VOS (L.) Moench (2) LA, OT; 4220-5940"; jw, sgp

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (8) LA, MO, E ida. rip, sgp, ssp

Spartina peii Link (1) OT; 4300-4300’; rip

lisis scada (Miche) action. ay BA, OT; 4260-4930’; mgp

OT; 3380-6130’; cof, jw,

mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sbs, sg

Sporobolus contractus ies dem EA 4910-4910'; mgp

iios cryptandrus Een A. Gray (42) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3200-

; cof, jw, mgp, rd, rup, Sgp, ssp

oie texanus vasey (1) BA: 4260-4260; map

fin

LA, OT; 4300-4990’: ; jw, rup, S

Triticum aestivum L. (15) BA, LA, Gr 4290-6050’; pjw, rup, rd, sgp

Vulpia octoflora (9) BA, MO, OT; 3380-4770’; cgf, mgp, rup, Sgp, ssp

— àÀ—

ILA OT-A

p, pjw, rup

ede) acerosum (A. Gray) Rydb. (32) LA, OT; : 4300-4990; jw,

pa para (J.M. sas i V.E. Grant (15) BA, LA, OT; 4222-

^; jw, mgp, rup, 5

peu pumila Nut) VE Grant (4) LA, OT; 070-4500; jw, sop

tie (LY)

uy Mason (1) un 5740-5740; zo

(oreene

AGOD AQNN’ ia

, 4

Polygalac

Polygala abo Nutt. (16) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3410-5120'; jw, mgp, pjw,

rip, rup,

Polygon

Erio; os annuum Nutt. (21) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3370-5370’; mgp,

pjw,

Io pes ae (2) OT; 4540-4770"; rup

Eriogonum jamesii Benth. var. jamesii (20) BA, LA, OT; 4220-6210";

gp, pjw, rup

MUR Fue (ARA

LA, MO, OT; 3410-6210”; mgp, pjw, rup, Sgp, ssp

Eriogonum lonchophyllum Ton; &A. Gray a id ppt UN sgp

N y (7)

LA, OT; 4330-5240; jw, sgp

m M (45) BA, LA, OT; 3970-5560’;

1) MO; 3360-3360’; cgf

a (L.) Gray (1) LA; 5100-5100’; rip

persicaria bicornis (Raf.) Nieu wl. (2) BA; 4300-4750’; rip, stp

m Persicaria apa dite (L.) Gray (5) LA, MO; 3370-4410’; r

Po bsc noe (38) BA, LA, MO, OT; eques

mop pjw, rup, sop, ^e :

pjw, rip,

rup, Eo p, stp

Polygonum sadi imum Michx. var. ramosissimum (16) BA, LA,

MO, OT; 3330-5860’; rip, rd, = sgp, S

Rumex altissimus A.W. Wood (7) BA, LA, Mo. “OF 3490-5320’; rip

m Rumex crispus L. (13) — LA, Uti bM ^; rip, stp

umex patientia L. (1) LA 4440-4440; rip

m Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. (1) LA; 4870-4870"; rip

Portulacaceae

hemeranthus parviflorus (Nutt.) Kiger (3) BA, LA, OT; 4140-51007,

rup, Sgp

Portulaca halimoides L. (1) LA; 5770- 5770; rip

Portulaca oleracea L. (3) LA, OT; 4540-6130'; sgp, stp

Potamogetonaceae de

Potamogeton foliosus Raf. var. foliosus (1) LA; 4480-4480’; rip

770

Hayne MON Kral (1) OT; 4540-4540; 1 rip

Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Borner (4) LA, MO; 3370-6030’; rip

Zi eue L. (3) LA, OT; 4310-5110"; rip

Ranunculaceae

VAL IN. SEDE Brooks (18)

BA, MO, OT; 2310 3130; cof, mgp. pjw, n». s9P, ssp

y 4300 ¿Y Ip

Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottb. m EN 20 rip

tt. (6) BA, LA; 4260-5140’;

rip

Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus (2) BA; 4250-4250’; rip

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. (1) MO; 3410-3410’; ssp

Rosaceae

C (15) LA, OT; 4320-6060’;

w, pjw,

dnd pido eg (2) BA, LA; 4370-5600; j

Physo: d E monogynus (Torr.) J.M. tk jen LA; 5140-6050’;

sgp

Potentila pr k see LA; 3560-8560 me

x Lehm.) S. Watson

) LA, OT; 4500-5740”; piw, sgp

Print americana Marshall (3) BA, LA; 4050-5450; Jw, rip, rd, sgp

A, LA, MO, OT.

35 20-5550’; rd, rup, Sgp, S

pea cerasus L. (1) LA; ena rip

piat doctrine de f. (1) LA; 5110-5110’; r

virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (A. Am Sarg. (3) LA, OT;

431 0-6080: piw, rip

arkan A; 4450-4450’; rip

Rubus deliciosus Torr. (6) BA, LA; 4230-6090; ; Jw, pjw, rip

W Spiraea trilobata L. (1) BA; 4630-4630"; rd

Rubiaceae

m Galium aparine L. (1) MO; 3360-3360’; cgf

Rutaceae

Ptelea trifoliata L. (11) LA, OT; 4350-6440’; jw, pjw, rip

Salicacene

?)1 A, OT; 5100. 5770’: rip

70’; rip

m Populus e L. qmi LA; 5470-5470; el

lic Rydh (AR)

vu)

BA. LA. MO. OT; 3360 5900 “cof, hs rd, dn

j O, OT; 3490 6090"; rip

x Salix amygdaloides Andersson x ph nigra Marshall (1) BA;

280-428

Salix exigua sedi ssp. exigua (20) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3350-5770’; rip

Salix exigua igo a interior (Rowlee) Cronquist (8) BA, LA, MO,

OT; 3370-51

Salix nigra oa a MO; 3350-3350’; rip

Santalaceae

bell, (| Nutt me

p (A. DC.) M.E. Jones (7) OT;

4380-4800’; jw, mgp, rup

Sapindaceae

Sapindus saponaria L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L.D. Benson

(10) BA, LA, OT; 4250-4980’; caf, mgp, pjw, rip, rup, sgp

Sarcobatac

aceae

Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. (5) LA, OT; 4510-5120’; jw,

jw, rup, sbs

Scrophulari

ee map L. (19) BA, LA, OT; 3970-6030’: mgp, pjw, rd,

p, SSp, stp

Snacen

L4 sf rm 10\D

LA MO

OT; 3530-4960: jw, mgp, pjw,! rd, rup, sgp

H A. Gray (3) BA, OT; 4480-4730;

, SGP

escala as A. Ri var. comata (Rydb. : beca (17) BA, LA,

MO, 0’; jw, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp,

Physalis dera A. ipid var. fendleri (A. inne Cronquist (1) OT;

4290-4390

DL Pam) oe eae ER EN

(38) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3270-5170:

E iw, map, nd n +; ssp

PI 9) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3340-5860’; cof, pjw,

rd, rup, sgp

Physalis eae Mill. (3) MO, OT: 3410-4356’; jw, ssp

Quincula a (Torr.) Raf. (35) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3660-6030’; jw,

mg une rup, sgp, ssp

Solanum americanum am (4) BA, MO; 0 e cat mgp, rup

A, LA, MO, OT; 3340-6210’; cof,

jw, mgp, piw, rd, rup, sgp, ssp

j, n I (AAY RA LA MO. OT: 3290: 6130"; caf, jw,

pjw, rd, rup, sgp, ss

Pa itrifiorum Nutt. (1) ex 4300-4300’; rd

Tamaricaceae

m Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. (40) LA, MO, OT; 3310-6130 caf,

rip, sbs, stp

Typhac

Typha vila L. (3) BA, LA, OT; 4540-5470;; rip, stp

x Typha angu sand L. x Typha domingensis Pers. (2) LA, or,

4560-5

100’; rip, s

Typha a haem d (10) LA, MO, OT; 3380-5770 rip, stp

Ulmaceae

Ulmus americana L. (7) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3200-4870’; jw, rip, rd, sgp

m Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1) LA; 5810-5810"; rd

m Ulmus ei . (13) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3620-5960; jw, mgp, d

ps gp, SS

ee rubra oak (1) LA; 5470-5470’; rd

Urticaceae 2

Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (2) LA, OT; 4930-5560 w.fP

seo

" 2 secda (60) BA LA

MO, OT; 3350- 5980’; jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, sgp, SSP ii

oa ae (Torr.) Greene (3) BA, OT; 4280-4760’; mgp.

30;

rad ce Lag. & Rodr. (110) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3200-61

cof, jw, mgp, pjw, rd, rup, Sgp, SSP

Verbena hastata L. (4) BA, LA; 4300-5530’; mgp, pjw, S9P

Violaceae :

> ; 5900;

lybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. (8) LA, MO, OT; 3530-

jw, mgp, rup, sgp : op

Viola nuttallii Pursh (7) LA, OT; 4410-5740; jw, mgp, MUP,

Vitaceae 100:)w

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (1) LA; jani 60-609

Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. (8) BA, LA, OT;

jw, pjw iw. rip, UP

Vitis acerifolia Raf. (13) BA, LA; 4250-5530 cgf, mgp, piw IP

NAAA

Zygophyllaceae

aiite) mia parviflora Norton (1) LA; 4870-4870 sg?

meria lanceolata Torr. (9) BA, MO; 3430-4870; des pop

pt terrestris L. (32) BA, LA, MO, OT; 3330-59607

Kuhn et al., Fl istic i Eeh fi 34 L Al H P " a m

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was funded by the Pike and San Isabel National Forest and Cimarron and Comanche National

Grassland and facilitated by their botanist Steve Olson. Additional funding for the project was provided by

University of Wyoming, Department of Botany scholarships, and the National Science Foundation WYSTEP

ogram.

The following individuals provided assistance in the field: Brian Elliott, Emily Elliott, Don Hazlett, Cali

Hemenway, Catherine Kuhn, Quinn Long, erii E Mike Mason, Joe Rankin, and Amy Tomson.

Assistance in the verification or id was provided by Kelly Allred, Robert Dorn, Brian

Elliott, Emily Elliott, Craig Freeman BI fh Caleb Morse, and Scott Smith. We thank graduate commit-

tee members Greg Brown and Jeff Lockwood for offering constructive pa E dcus soi Ld

support and taxonomic expertise. KANU staff members Craig Freeman and C

instruction. Finally, we thank land owners Edith and Lloyd Hall, the late Darla and Lonnie (EISE Everett

Jackson, Doug Sedoris, Jerry Reed, and Joy and Steve Wooton for allowing access to private, remote, botani-

cally diverse lands. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions to improve the

manuscript.

REFERENCES

ANDERSON, J. 1950. A checklist of the vascular plants of Baca County. M.S. thesis. Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins.

CHAPMAN, S.S., J.M. OMERNIK, J.A. FREEOUF, D.G. HUGGINS, J.R. MCCAULEY, C.C. FREEMAN, G. STEINAUER, R.T. ANGELO, AND R.L.

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A CHECKLIST OF THE LIVERWORTS (MARCHANTIOPHYTA) AND

HORNWORTS (ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA) OF FLORIDA

Gregorio Dauphin Richard P. Wunderlin

Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology,

Sede San Carlos and Molecular Biology

Apartado 223-21001 University of South Florida

Ciudad Quesada 2 E. Fowler Ave, BSF 218

Alajuela, COSTA RICA Tampa, Florida 33620, U.S.A.

gregoriodauphin@hotmail.com rwunderausfedu

Frederick B. Essig Paul G. Davison

Department of Integrative Biology Department of Biology

University of South Florida University of North Alabama

4202 E. Fowler Ave, SCA 110 Florence, Alabama 35632, U.S.A

Tampa, Florida 33620, U.S.A. pgdavison@una.edu

essig@usf.edu

ABSTRACT

Astudy of the li 1 collections in herbaria yields 27 families, 53 genera, and 167 speci 1 inf, ies of hepati 11

Marchanti h FAS 1 E 3 i kA ; AA) 1 FISH, NUR : ho kf 1 Hemisphere,

` agd | Pity ) fi Most species (4

4% tropical, 10% widespread, and 4% endemic to Florida. Twenty-four dubious and excluded taxa are listed.

RESUMEN

Basados en isión bibliográfi 1 í de herbario | Į lap ia de 27 familias, 53 géneros y 167 espe-

cies de henár; HE E » x ` i E 1.1 : xg iib cen.

t pay p p P t 70) CStan aistrr

buidas en el Hemisferio Norte, 42% icales. 10% d lia distribució 4% démi l Estado de Florida. Se enumeran

3 F Y E

taxones dudosos o excluidos.

INTRODUCTION

Based on Specimens in the New York Botanical Garden and the University of Florida herbaria, the first person

known to have collected a hepatic in Florida was John Torrey who collected Pallavicinia lyellii along the St.

Johns River in March 1871. Subsequently, Edward Palmer llected th peci

1874. In November 1877, Abram P. Garber also collected this species and several others near Rosewood, Levy

County, Garber came to Florida from hi P ylvani 1876 to arrest his tuberculosis. This not being

“ccessful, he returned to Pennsylvania in June 1881 where he died about two months later. In 1877, John

Don

g the Indian River in

nell Smith, Coe Finch Austin, and Lucian Marcus Underwood beg, tively collecting in the state.

The first resident collector was Severin Rapp (1853-1941), a G immig d sh ker, living in

Sanford, Seminole County, who following his retirement, devoted his time to collecting botanical specimens.

Rapp also collected flowering plants, but his primary interests were bryophytes (Wunderlin & Hansen 2000)

tisbryophyte collections are d ited in the herbari t the Florida Museum of Natural History (FLAS).

The first published report of a hornwort from Florida was by Coe Finch Austin (1875) who reported

. punctatus var. eatonii collected by Daniel Cady Eaton and Anthoceros ae collected by Stephen T.

? Austin (1877) then described Riccia donnellii and Sphaerocarpus donnellii, both collected by John

n Smith in Florida. Later Austin (1879) described Frullania donnellii also collected by John Donnell

=~ in 1877 in Florida and Radula caloosiensis and Anthoceros donnellii that he collected in 1878. He also

pe Several other species from the state. In addition, Franz Stephani (1892) described Lejeunea under-

‘collected by Lucien M. Underwood and Orator Fuller Cook in Florida.

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Breen, Elizabeth

Major 20th Century bryophyte coll in the st

G. Britton, James B. McFarlin, AJ. Grout, Otto E. Jennings, Rex L. Lowe, Paul L. Redfearn, Herman Kurz,

Aaron “Jack” Sharp, John K. Small, Rudolph M. Schuster, Herman Kurz, and Thomas M. Little.

The first major hepatic work was by Alexander William Evans (1902) who described 27 species of

Lejeuneaceae from Florida. Evans (1918) added six more Lejeuneaceae, including four new species. He enu-

merated 44 species of Lejeuneaceae from Florida, from a total of 48 species known from the United States.

Based on Severin Rapp collections from 1904 to 1914, Caroline C. Haynes (1915) reported 64 hepatic species,

24 in the Lejeuneaceae.

Although several local inventories were completed, e.g., Kurz and Little (1933) for north and central

Florida and Redfearn (1952) for central and southern Florida, no comprehensive list of the hepatics of Florida

has been made since that of McFarlin (1940) who reported 136 species and four varieties in 51 genera.

a dotes collections are deposited at the Florida Museum of Natual History (FLAS) with a smaller

, e.g., the Canadian Museum of Nature, PU Section C bigis pe s

ificant contribution t knowledge of the li f the Mid-gulf c

and eastern panhandle and northeast peninsular Florida) is by the m David Breil (1970). He repond 107

species in 49 genera, which he claimed to have based on 5,000 specimens collected between 1965 and 1968.

From the species reported by Breil, over 50% are tropical and subtropical, 45% widespread temperate, and 5%

are endemic (see also Biogeographic analysis below). No pen citations are gren by Brel ca bes

specimens were allegedly deposited at Longwood University (FARM) with

FLAS, NY and US (Breil 1970).

The Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville (FLAS) contai ling | hyt

tion with an estimated 160,000 specimens (Perkins, pers. comm.), the great majority pai ali mosses. It

contains representative modern collections such as those of Dana Griffin IT's starting in the late 1960s. The

Hepatic collection contains significant historical collections sets such as those of Rapp and McFarlin which

make this collection an esatia source for the study of the bryophyte diversity in Florida. Since the early

1980s, significant collections now deposited at the University of South Florida (USF), were made by Rita and

James Lassiter.

R A th

aller.

fh ] Jahil; f 1 3355 NT n A rus hantinnhvta

7 E

pues wy eee 1 a 3x 1 Eid I i aeu aa L EM 3 111 n floristic

1 4 bs ,

province, in i SE dl 1 i3 RO RN AU + heen com-

tropical areas. However,

a intoa ge document until now.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The list was prepared based primarily on examination of herbarium specimens in the Florida Museum ol

Natural History (FLAS), the University of South Florida (USF), and the New York Botanical Garden (NY) her

baria, and from the literature. When a herbarium specimen revised by the first author is cited, its herbarium

accession imber d Is included M 8 EAM -B061974). Except for nad and other selected! taxa, s Bee

th 1 el 3 e 15),

Kurz and Little (1933), Frye and Clark (1937, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947), Redfearn (1952), Breil (1970) an

Schuster (1966, 1969, 1974, 1980, 1992a, 1992b). The 21 hepatic records ae in Herring and judd dd (1995

lacking

are not i l

When a type was collected in Florida; the nq is entirely cited The nuls are abil to their come

sponding families following Crandall-Stotler et al. (2009).

RESULTS

the

Biogeographical analysis.—In our analysis, the categories or biogeographic elements are simplified due to

ing

lack of floristic and monographic treatments available on a worldwide scale and the sometimes pet

distributional data in the literature. Four major groups are here recognized among the hepatics ii

Northern Hemisphere, Tropical, Endemic, and Widespread.

Daunhin et al., L

Dauphi i tsand! f Florid 775

Northern Hemi El t—This element is basically holarctic in its classical definition and accounts

for 44% of the taxa in i Fibitlà: It includes the Conocephalaceae (with Conocephalum salebrosum in Florida), a

family completely absent in the New World tropics. It also includes species with genera well represented in the

neotropics, such as Calypogeia, Plagiochila, and Radula, with a series of species occurring only in temperate

areas (e.g., Fübpessa neogaea, C. Po omens taxa such as Rebouliaceae (Reboulia hemispherica) and

d to the outer, southern and northern limits

of the neottopics (Gradsteine et al ere

l ical and for 42% of the taxa

in Florida. Taxa of the predominantly tropical family Lejeuneaceae, lad represents 34% at "e taxa in

Florida, accounts for 2696 of the tropical el t which mal ily of major

versity. Most members of this family in dar are pn common nme Wen species in "€ agree

ree also for half of th

tai I ges in Florida. This is th f the g I epidoziaan and nie

the ae itl d d the latter with only one spec ie S, B. trilobat 1 from the sta

Endemic El t.—Florid ber of end l for example, of ne 4,255 known

taxa of vascular plants, 229 (5%) are eid (Wunderlin & Patien 2011). Although much fewer in total

number (167), seven hepatics (4%) are similarly endemic to the state. Endemic hepatics in Florida include:

Cheilolejeunea polyantha, Cololejeunea subcristata, Frullania sabaliana, Frullania taxodiocola, Lejeunea minuti-

T MN r r 5

to the dy sso pp

1 | — lit } 13 }

iorth-

ern or Souther hemispheres but have extensive ranges ln cier part of the ioiii. Ten percent of the

Florida taxa fall into this category.

The relative equal richness of the tropical and northern hemisphere elements in the hepatic flora of

Florida suggests that the area is a confluence of both elements. It should be expected that the southernmost

distribution limits of temperate elements and the northernmost distribution limits of tropical lowland and

E en anes occur in the state. TE Lig pees! tropical family Lejeuneaceae shows great-

est imp % of the total taxa. This is followed by the Frullaniaceae

(9%), the Ricciaceae (8%), and the ios >

ANNOTATED LIST OF LIVERWORTS AND HORNWORTS

MARCHANTIOPHYTA

ANEURACEAE

Aneura maxi (S hå iffn.) Ste

Gadsden Co.: Glen Julia, just Sof Mount Pleasant, beech-Magnolia ravine, 23 Sep 1943, Breen 2180 (DUKE, archegoniate specimen det.

P.G. Davison Dec 2010, Breil 1970 as Blasia pusilla L.).

Aneura inguis (L.) Dumort.

Riccardia pinguis (L.) Gray

Co.: Devil's Millhopper, 29 Apr 1972, Buch s.n. (NY) fG ille, Little s.n Miriam 1933; Frye &

Clark 1937), Bay Co.: Breil (1970); Schuster (19922). Cala Co: Breil (1970); Schuster (1992a). Citrus Co.: of Floral City on

Een A gy Sec. 12, on rotting wood in pie — pd € Lassiter et al. 381 (USF). iiec Co.: Fahkahatchee

W of C and, on stump in dense, lo 1963, Lassiter et al. s.n. (USF). Dixie Co.

Brei] imb M ae Gadsden Co.: Midway al off US 90, W of Taflaliasitë, 20 sp 1945, Breen 2290 (NY); Breil (1970).

Schuster (199 992a). Highlands Co.: Sebring, 1936, McFarlin 1324 (Frye & Clark 1937; Schuster 1992a). Hillsborough Co.: gti Hillsborough

River at Cowhouse Slough, 15 Sep 1984, Lassiter & Lassiter 2025 (USF). Hernando Co.: Chassahowitzka swamp, off Swamp Grade, on rot-

ting wood in a Ene isa T215, RITE, Sec. 15, 12 Apr 1996, vanHoek et al. 523 (USF). Jackson Co.: Breil Son tie (19923).

I of Flint Rock, Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933); W of ARA River, Rte. 98, Moa 44200 (Schuster 1992.

Wares, E swa petal 1532 (NY); Alexander Springs, Ocal #21 (Scl 1992a)

19923); AR ad

776

s.n. (Schuster 1992a). Lee Co.: near Lake bun McFarlin & Grout 1000 (Schuster 19922). Leon Co.: Caldwell's Woods, Tallahassee, base

of stump, 20 Feb 1952 pui om from Tallahassee, on on panes Trail, Kurz s.n. pere c Ene 1933); Breil 109785 Schuster

(19923). Liberty y g AE g, 17 Jan 1968, Breil 2407 (NY); Breil

(1970): Schuster (1992a). M C 11 l ing d,29 May 1 hes era et a 3585 A onroe Co.: Rodgers

River, hammock, 6 Apr 1916, Small 7559 (NY); Taxodi se FE (Schuster

1992a). Palm Beach Co.: Kelsey City, visos head, 16 Dec 1920, e et al 9819 (NY). P: Fivay J SR 52, on rotting

wood in low hammock with creek, 15 Mar 1981, Lassiter & L JSF) C Jan 1914,

Rapp 28 (NY, Haynes 1915); Schuster ein Volusia Co.: Port Orange, 14 Feb 1895, Straub 192 (NY). ‘Wakulla de Wakulla Swamp, 12

Feb 1944, Breen 2241 (NY); Schornherst 2241 (Schuster 19923) Breil (1970).

— Dorset CWith. ) xin

Liberty Co. , Schuster 44046 (Schuster 19922).

pecudis multifida (L.) Gra

MK. road NW of Gai ille, Schuster 33498, 33477 (Schuster 1992a). Baker Co.: Breil (1970). Bay

Ci ler’s Island, T20S, R20E, Sec. 12 g vi hy border of! kisland

3 Apr 1980 Lassiter et al. 384 (USF) Columbia C id IC dbv's Lal , adjacent to St. J nc Ri d aying log T

fn. 1

(^. Resi] (1070)

1977, Grey s.n (USF). Gadsden C Julia, Sch li 2270 (Scł 1992a): Breil (1970). Hernando Co.: 3

hammock kee eee © emat (Schuster 19928) Highlands Co.: Sebring, 1936, Metin aai oe & Clark 1937). Holmes Co.: ee

970). J il (1970). 1 iberty "e y

along ral tup 1984, Lassiter et al. 2034 (USF); TorreyaS k, Apalachicola Ri Schuster 44042, 44093 Schon vee: €

from Juniper spring RIEN: R26E, Sec. 16, SE 1/4 of SW 1/4, low woods along creek

bank, in full side: 4 May 1979 H & Richardson 5455 (USF); J 4-5 mi below Juniper Springs, Ocala National Forest,

Schuster 33400b re ies fepe amom, Fieri 2M Schuster 19928) Nn Glen Meu inei 42200, 42203, 42205

(Schuster 19922). M popl on rotting wood

at waters edge, 23 May 1982, Lassiter et al. 633 (USF). Pasco Co.: SR 54, 1. 5; mi W of I- 754 near r Quail oe on rotting wood at base of

munda regalis in cut-over, oe open ene 27 P ma Lassiter & Lassiter 499 =Z Polk Co.: McFarlin (1940); ps. (1952);

Schuster (1992a). Pu : Io eh 19922). Sentani Co.: Sanford, on logs

R pp 2&6(H y 1915, Frye & Clark 1 1037. MaEarlin (10A40- Dont,

A * NIVAJ

in wet places

Ri di ifida subsp. synoica R.M Schust

o Co.: Hammock forest, 3-4 mi NW of B 22106 (Scl 19923). Lake C Springs, Ocala National

Forest, Schuster 33435a, 33426a (Schuster 1992a). Marion Co.: Juniper Springs, Schuster 22475 (Schuster 1992a): Silver Glen Springs,

Schuster 42191 (Schuster 1992a

Riccardis palmata (Hedw) Carruth.

Field, Gainesville, Little s.n. (K & little 1033) Lean Co." aces: Seat long E

Kurz s.n. (K & Little 1933). Polk Co.: McF; R 1952. Se} (10072) on rotten logs, Rapp?

Riccardia stricta R.M. Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab 62:326. 1987. Tyre: FLORIDA. CLAY Co.: Gold Head Branch State Park,

29 Dec 1955, Schuster 37212

penis Co.: Torreya State Park, Rock Creek, Schuster 44081, 44093, 44096 (Schuster 1992a). Putnam Co.: 1 mi N of Orange Springs

ty py woods, Schuster 42213 (Schuster 1992a).

Sedge

CALYPOGEIACEAE

neogaea (R.M. Schust.) Bakalin

Re fissa subsp. neogaea R.M. Schust.

Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Citrus Co.: Homosassa Springs, in wet shade, growing on tree roots, 22 Feb 1955, [Breil] 1476B (NY). Galat

Crooked River, on di wet soil, 4 May 1940, Breen 824 (NY); Breil (1970). Jackson Co.: Breil (1970). Jefferson Co.: 14 mi i E of Tallahassee :

US 27 ine bank, oak-shortleaf pine forest, 24 Nov 1967, Breil 2130 (NY); Breil (1970). Leon Co-: Tallahassee, =

Woods off Old Bainbridge Road, plants on inner side of gutted nad 13 Feb 1967, Breil 1425 (NY). Liberty Co.: Bluff over Apalachic

River, Torreya State Park, Schuster 44042a (paraty pe, Schuster 1 Bluff, Apalachicola River, Schuster 38

irte 1969); state park, 1937, McFarlin 1482 id & Clark 1946); Breil (1970). Seminole Co.: McFarlin (1940); Redfearn

akulla Co.: Breil (1970). Walton Co.: Breil (1970

(1952)

The type is from Lee Co. , Mississippii not joven Schuster mentions i Forida material after citing the tyP®

Except for the Schuster specimens, th lab lished as Calypogeia fissa.

Dauphin et al., Liverworts and hornworts of Florida 777

Calypogeia peius deest of Mont.

Bay Co. 32 1, along stream, i tN gum hard ] peaty soil 14 Oct 1967, Breil 2057

(NY). Hernando Co.: ¿dpto T225, RI9E, Sec. 10, on bank lope in low! k, 15 Nov 1980, L it

555 (USF), Hills} A low hammock, 14 Jun 198 31,1 Lassiter & Lassiter 654 4 (USF). Lake Co.: headwaters of St.

Johns River, Juniper Springs, Ocala National Forest, Schuster 33435, 33435a (Schuster 1969). eid po isa State — a s.n.

(Schuster 1969). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Mar 1923, Rapp 93 (Schuster 1969). Wakulla Co iW Ppy 1 Feb 1968,

Breil 2452 (NY).

Calypogeia sullivantii Austin

M ex Nees var. sulli

lar

zm Co: Breil a97. pare Co.: aoc State Park, Schuster 44042a visam 1969). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on ditch bank, Rapp 53

(Kurz & Little 1933, Frye & Clark 1946).

CEPHALOZIACEAE

ia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort

Clay Co.: ca. 0.5 mi E of Rte. 21 d. T6S, R24E, Sec. 27. ist f long S fork of Black Creek, on downed, decorticated log,

30 Sep 1983, Griffin 326 (FI AS) Cc : B. Tg Lh4-Gaclé (1940); R Af, (1059) Wiel P a Vv. Lot la (1022). E. y £ 1945).

Schuster (1974) discredited reports of previous authors, but the specimen held at FLAS belongs to C. bicuspi-

data e C . . 1 1 x EP Msn, RO d ae sj * * P

areas of Europe, northern Africa, Asia, & North America, this species has been reported from Costa Rica by

Morales (1991) and Dauphin (2005).

Cephalozia catenulata (Huebener) Lindb.

Alachua C moist rotten log, 21 May 1972, Buck s.n. (NY); Gainesville, 1916, Melwin 128 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark

1945, Schuster 1974). Bay Ges Feet enden on p: 388, along river on W side, 4 Mar 1967, Breil 1902 (NY). Se Co.: Camp Blanding

Training Site Hog Pen Creek, Ł reek f Black Creek Road, on downed, d 1 k, moist, shady,

6 Mar 1999, Griffin 2666 (CB-490) (FLAS-B063404). PIPERA Co.: S- 268 at Little River floodplain, 4 mi W of Midway, rotten log, 9 Mar

A Breil dil m. Jefferson Co.: Monticello, pes 1890, ages s.n. (NY). Lake Co.: Eustis, 17 Jan 1891, dut 1480 (33) (NY).

ods, 9 Aug 1944, Breen 2318 Levy Co.: N of Cedar M" ges State na 24, Cedar an y Scrul cypress

dome, 1990-1992, Amoroso 552, 556 (FLAS, Amoroso ou - Polk C ala

National Forest, Schuster 42198a (Schuster 1974). S f r 1914, Rapp s.n. (NY); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn ys

Volusia

Co.: Enterprise, 1888, Donnell Smith s.n. (NY). Without Co.: Haynes es | Clark (1945).

Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb.

Baker Co.: Breil (1970). dtes pis eda peau Co.: ire (1970). pue Co.: pps onrotten Ne a 1944, — 2203

(NY); Breil (1970). Highl iW ft 28 Dec

1950, Schuster 200 9a( NY, Scl 1973) apm Hot ee ores (Kure Little 1933, ples Clark 1945); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn

(1952), Hillsborough Co.: N Tampa, D ) with Telaranea nematodes, 14 Sep s

Ee (FLAS-B061974). Holmes C Holmes Creek Bonifay, 8 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1662 (FLAS-B055802). La

GE tis, Jan-Apr 1891, Underwood 1720 (NY); enin Springs, Ocala National ‘Hotes Schuster 33432a (Schuster 1974); een

m Bes. (1952). Leon Co.: Caldwell's Woods, off Old Bainbridge Road, moist soil, 1 Oct 1951, Breen 2551 (NY); Breil (1970). Levy

of Cedar Key, along a aay 24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, in marsh, 1990-1992, Amoroso 556, 560, 572, 573, 935, 938 (FLAS,

€ Judd 1995). Liberty Co.: Gum Swamp, Ocklockonee River, 16 Oct 1943, [Breen] — chipi puis ee Marion Co.: Ocala

em Rolling Hills Road, 17 Apr 1948, Breen 2437 (NY); Juniper Springs, Ocala National F S 1974). Co.:

astal hammock, 29 May igi Mes et al “wre pnis — "n — — Hammock, Everglades National Park, Schuster

` oe 1974). Ol g l River ca. 4.5 mi S of Crestview, among surface

dge of marsh l h Iso} erygi t Atrich ee e "A pE m pallidum, 14 P

" ius (FLAS- B037482). ). Polk Co.: A k Air Force Bombi g peaty floodplain

Marsh, on hummocks and bases of trees, 11 May 1999, Lassi ter 6v Lassitersn. D. 1S l Sanford, Feb 1913, Rapp 32 (NY); Sanford

° swampy ground, Rapp 32 (Haynes 1915); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (19 2). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Volusia Co.: Port iie 23 Feb

1895, Straub 207 (NY); Port Orange, 1899, Howe s.n. (Schuster 1974); ae (1940); Redfearn (1952).

connivens var. bifida R.M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 3:809. 1974. Tyre: FLORIDA. HIGHLANDS Co.:

Highlands Hammock State Park, 6 mi W of Sebring, edge of brook, on bark of fallen pine tree, Schuster 20099a

Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dumort.) Dumort

778 i P 52)

Cephalozia media Lindb., fide Schuster (1974).

Cephalozia serriflora Lindb., fide Schuster (1974).

Baker Co.: Breil (1970). Bay Se: Pre i Clay Co.: ca. 0.5 mi E of Rte. 21 , T6S,

full shade, 30 Sep 1983, Griffin 332 (FLAS- BO46272). Columbia Co. :Oleo Sach

F I 28 Jul 1967, Breil 1868 (N

n A d E £T Lo

Sec. 27, moist forest

A fc

PR eus en Co.: Breil (1970). Highlands Co.: porius 1934, MeBortina 1146 (Kurz & Little 1933, Frye & Clark 104; Mere cs

Redfearn (1952). Hillsborough Co. Golf Couse, 14 Jan 1970, Lee s.n. (USF). J

Lake Co.: Alexander Springs Bee Hd Timucuan Trail, dente swamp, on wet redi among palm roots, 22 Sm 1991, Fisher ELO99121

(FLAS-B05718 24 Leon Co.: parate 10 mW ot een S of State gs 20, 6 Nov 1967, Breen 221A (NY); Breil (1970). Levy Co: N of

Cedar Key, al d 24 y types dome, 1 1992, Amoroso 554 (FLAS, Amoroso bene 1995). Liberty

Co.: Breil (1970). Polk Co.: McFarlin (1940); Redf (1952).S Co.: Sanford, on sandy banks, Jan 1911, Rapp 34 (NY, Haynes 1915);

MEAM k, Rapp 35 (Haynes 1915); McFarlin (1940); Redf Breil (1970) Volusia Co; Pon

Orange, 23 Feb 1895, Straub 208 (NY). Walton Co.: DeFuniak Springs, ca. y 25 mi N of ne peters

BERRES adnatum, esl 1980, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B037483). Wakulla Co.: ks Wildlif ge, 1 May 1948, Linthicum 2455 (NY).

Washington Co.: Breil (1970

Odontoschisma denudatum (Nees) Dutbott.

P Co.: MER MESA im 2. Co.: Glen Julia, S } 554 (Schuster 1974). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970).

) & Clark (1945).

Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trevis.

pho Co.: de mi E de Pep eoa on Fowler's Island, T20S, R20E, Sec. 12, on boulder in low hammock, 19 Jul 1981, Lassiter & Lassiter s

(USF) 935, Frye s.n. (Frye & Clark ca Heec Co.: SR aw 5 mi NW of Brooksville, V. Lones-].B. Broo

Preserve, 21 Feb 1981, Lanier © Laney 3e (USF). H g Park, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1974); ps:

cane McFarlin (1940); F (1952). Hillsb h Co.: Cowhouse Slough, Hillst hRi T285, RIVE,

with moss at ips of CEN on river a 3 Mar P latei, Lassiter 311 (USF); Hillsborough River State Park, Schuster s.n.

Fri 1974). Lake Co.: , Schuster s.n. - Schuster 1974); McFarlin (1940); "an ir Lee

Co.: Redfearn (1952). Levy Co.: N of Cedar? ron along State Road 24, Cedar Key bR , in marshes

1990-1992, w— eid 543, itane da iA TOPR Amoroso & Judd 1995). L Co.: Bristol, 1937, McFarlin n 1493 (ree ca -—

y Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1974). M. C (19

Co.: Juniper Springs, Ocala National Forest, Schuster s.n. (Schuster t1979 rtin Co.: i 1 tting wood, 29 May 1980,

Sauleda et al. 3573 (USF). Miami-Dade C ineland, ‘ania! Banach Everglades ace =

Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1974). Orange Co.: Rock P Reni Tr mi N of dd

Lnd 23 Mar 1982, Lassiter et al. 630 (USF (1940); Redf (1952). Pinellas Co.: Brooker Creek Park por

sim ercu k, 18 Sep 1983. Lassiter et al. 723 (USF). Polk Co.: Redf, (195?) S l S d growing over roots and

ndy mit 1916, Rapp 36 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1945); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952). Volusia Co.: McFarlin (1940);

Peta Walton Co.: Shoal River, 5 mi N of Mossy Head, Schornherst s.n. (Schuster 1974).

Common on the coastal plain of Florida (Breil 1970).

CEPHALOZIELLACEAE

Cephaloziella hyalina Douin, Mém. Soc. Bot. France 29:77. 1920.1 TYPE: FLORIDA Co.: Sanford, Dec 1915, Rapp

78 [cited as ap 781” by Schuster (1980)]. (LECTOTYPE: NY). 1 y (Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:52. 1980). 4

ate Park, River Sink trail, on sandy soil in oak-pi b, full ination, 31 Oct 1992, ks

Col o

€— 9 FLAS B0585 97); O'Leno State Park, along ahd el Sota Pe River, 7 Nov 1981, Bryology Class of 1981 (FLAS-

Ron watt ate olmes Co.: Breil T "m m" DR dique. Forest, eg NR ids Rd. 538-A from Forest Service Road 53810 y

pring 6 Dec 1988, Buck 16738 (NY). Leon Co: Breil

(1970) Liberty Co: State Park, on bluff along Apalachicola River, Schuster 44040d (Schuster 1980). Pasco Co.: SR.

1-75, near Quail Hollow, on partly shaded cypress ie in cut-over swamp, e burned in past, 27 Jan 1981, Lassiter & Lassiter + 504 d

Sem (Redfearn 1952); Sanford, on sandy bank, Dec 1915, Rapp s.n. (NY); s.d., Rapp 78 (Frye & Clark 1937); — pr

tan 6 err 1931, Frye & Clark 1945); Sanford, footpath, 23 Jan 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7365). Without Co.: s.l. *.c (Brown

rye ar

Cephaloziella hyalina var. rappii (Douin) R.M. Schust.

Cephaloziella rappii Douin, Mém. Soc. Bot. France 29:77. 1920. TYPE: FLORIDA. SEMINOLE Co.: Sanford, on stumps and sandy banks

Apr 1912, Rapp 47 (HOLOTYPE: NY).

Clay Co.: W of Green Cove Springs, bank of Black Creek, on sandy soil, 23 Apr 1972, Griffin s.n. (FLAS). Seminole Co.: Oviedo Road ondas

Dauphin et al., Li i 779

bank, Mar 1928, Rapp s.n. (FLAS). Sanford I 1 sandy banks, Apr 1912, Rapp 47 (Schuster 1980); Sanford, 1917, Rapp 60 (Frye &

Clark 1945, Schuster 1980, Verdoorn 1931).

Cylindrocolea aim Eum R.M. Schust., Nova Hedwigia 22:167. 1972. Tyre: FLORIDA. SEMINOLE CO.: Rapp s.n.

Bp obliqua Dou

.: Breil (1970). edt Co.: W stl Green MR Springs, bank 5 Black ed plants of moist, sandy bank, 23 Aei 1972, Gein s.n.

(FL E Columl i River, in dull, bl

iu 1967, EM 1867 (NY, Breil 1970); O'Leno State Park, along Santa Fe Road, N of High pner Schuster 37278 (Schuster 1980).

Highlands Hammock State Park, W of Sebring, ea ite Mrs DEMNM me etd Co.: along 3 ct

River at ce floodline, 21.5 mi E of Wilma off Forest Highway 13, sl 990,

NY). Seminole Co.: pete. "e of ditches, Mar PS sub 79 (NY); (Redf 1952); Sanford 1920, age 79; joc 13, 1921,

Rapp s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937. ppifoli d, on sandy creek, 9 Feb 1917, Rapp s.n. whan B020565). Walton

p A ony i is E yH j S-285, on soil, 22 Sep 1 1967, Breil 2028 (NY, Breil 1970).

According to Schuster (1980) this species is confined to an “Oligocene I” region. He noted that “The reproduc-

tive structures and sporophyte of C. obliqua were probably wanting in the type material, for they were not de-

scribed. They were also wanting in Rapp’s No. 79, probable isotype.” Gradstein and Costa (2003) placed this

species under the synonymy of Cylindrocolea planifolia (Douin) R.M. Schust. without further explanation. In

their Brazilian treatment they did not deal with North American material.

Giindrocolea rhizantha (Mont.) R.M. Schust.

, Rev. Gén. Bot. 28:312. 1916. TYPE: FLORIDA. SEMINOLE CO.: Rapp s.n.

_Cephaloziela rhizantha (Mont.) Steph.

Co.: Highlands ner State ek, W ij tics Ham. 33724 b vui ovd on pick of old Quercus virginiana, 25 Dec

1952, Schuster 26015 (NY, Schuste g Park, Schuster 33910, 33923, 33924

(Schuster 1956, 1980); RS Bay Envi Center, T32S RISE Sec. 28 I il bordering 11 k, 13 Aug 1982,

Lassiter & Lassiter 808 1 h Bav Envi g ] il (Te Stral 1. 1986) Lafayette

EN Breil (1970). Lake Co.: Lal iffin State Park. shrub thicl pond in, | f k, 27 Oct 1968, Griffin s.n. (FLAS-B013405).

il (1970). Miami-Dade Co.: Redf (1952). M : Key Largo, McFarlin s.n. (Douin 1920, Frye & Clark 1937, Redfearn

1952, Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on log in swamp, Jun 1912, pi 57 (NY); Sanford, 1920, Rapp 56 (Frye & Clark 1945);

Redfearn (1952).

CHONECOLEACEAE

Chonecolea doellingeri (Nees) Grolle

Clasmatocolea doellingeri (Nees) Steph.

Citrus

Co.: near SR 44, ca. 3 mi SW of Crystal River, larg II k, on! 1 Sabal pal itl f Octobl. lbid

Lassiter & Lassiter 3069 (FLAS-B61978). Flager Co.: 4 mi S of Marineland, Sc) 32009a (Scl ae Hillsborough ~ Cocktonct

Bay Environmental Center, T325, RISE, Sec. 28, on Sabal palmetto i 11 k, borderi 13 Aug 1982,

Lassiter & Lassiter 815 (USF); Brandon, E of Tampa, Old Moseley homestead, remnant of mossy EEN Rd with Cololejeunea

minuta ssp. cp rapa, Pr PAN, ada serta ma Mig ast T he dw te SP.» 15 oe 1988, Lassiter & tel

(FLAS): C

2249 2250 FLA g : I trake et

al Ich gh River S 3 174 LE 1 Hills] h Ri Schuster 33934, 33932 (Schuster 1980). Men Co.:

along US 98 E of the Aucilla River (Breil 1970); W of E fi i Ancilla iver, Schuster & Breen s.n. (Schuster 1980). Levy C cassasa

Bay & Cedar Key Scrub State Preserves, Summer eras sect. 10, in SIE — 15-20 ft., 14 Oct 1981, parts ie 2247

E oui. gaudy Waccassasa bay & Cedar Key k, Sumner Quadrangle, sect 10, 14 Oct

120 ft., on Sabal trunk, 31 Mar 1969, Griffin s.n. (FLAS-B61103), T Springs, Ocala

Ee Forest, Stir i n. lamer 1980); Al S of Astor Park, Ocala National Forest, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980);

Juniper Springs Recreation Area, 120 ft., on sabal trunk, 31 Mar 1969, pris s.n. iod incid Hibborongh € Co.: Cockroach Bay

Environmental Center, in mangrove, on S. palmetto, Q 1986); Brandon, E of Tampa, Old

ra A aig remnant of messy ham i mock, 1 with Col Myriocarpa, Lejeunea cardoti, Octoblepharum

yrrhopodon sp. and a sp., 15 Dec 1988, Lassiter & iwi 2249, 2250 (FLAS- B054759, B054754). Polk Co.: McFarlin

(90 ius (1952). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on palmetto roots and logs, Rapp 33 — PID) Pl edi n. ioi & Clark 1943);

Redfearn (1952). Sarasota Co.: dis State Park, S shore of upper s gi ,on trunk of Q.

virginiana, 28-29 Nov 1975, Grin 10 10122a ee B 023664). S o; Sanford, poi ino n. Schuster 1980) COMM S of T

Springs, s.c., s.n. (Breil 1970). V & Dart in Ct on trunk of c

PT e Darl D R i

bage palm (Sabal palmetto), 12 May 1987, Griffin et al. 464 (FLAS-B51698); T in of

780 Jou

fringe, on Sabal palmetto, with Syrrhopodon sp., 21 Oct 1988, Lassiter & Lassiter 2248 (FLAS-B054753); 5 of Lake George, NE of Astor,

Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980); Hontoon Island State Park, W of DeLand, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980).

Chonecolea doellingeri occurs at low elevations as a neotropical disjunct in Florida (Gradstein et al. 2001).

Although Schuster (1980) described this species as having rounded leaf lobes, some collections (e.g., Lassiter

& Lassiter 3069, Griffin 10122a) may show acute leaf lobes.

CONOCEPHALACEAE

Conocephalum salebrosum Szweyk. et al.

Alachua Co.: BUS Milo moist nace 14 pied 1972, hs Bock s.n. (NY). re pM as — conicum (L.) Underw., Breil

(1970). J Chipola River, 26 Apr 1967, Breil 1667 (NY);

Marianna, along Chipola River, on lime ene as reinen conicum, Kurz s.n. (Kurz " pues iia eye pa E Wk MR. ones cmm

State Park, near Chipola River, p 44132 (Schuster 19 B

Race Track Road, near Oldsmar, dian p il in cultivated plant 16 Jan 1982, as Estes conicum, Lassiter 6

Lassiter 574, 815 (USF). Taylor Co.: 0.5 mi NE of US 19 on FL 51 at Steinhatchee Ri PI Apr 1950, Nielsen 2535

(NY)

We accept th lusions of S ] i et al. (2005) in which true Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. is

restricted to Europe and C. albina is Holarctic in distribution and is the only known species of the genus

in North America.

DUMORTIERACEAE

Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees

Alachua Co.: Devil's ip 6 mi PEN " — pins s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933, Schuster 1992b); along run S of Athletic Field,

Gainesville, Little s.n. (K 992b). Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Citrus Co.: Pineola Grottoes near Istachatta,

T215, R20E, Sec. 1, larg haded, large li bould water, 2 Dec 1979, Lassiter & Lassiter 278 (USF); Redfearn (1932.

Gadsden Co.: M inl l Creek, Schornherst 2164 iden 'huster desi Aena pee C iun 8576 pos 1992b); Breil (1970).

- ded old Brown Farm via

41, 48, 539, then turn Wo on 4th ied. n May 1974, Arcuri 26 (USF). Jackson Co.: Breil (1970). Leon Co: sae 4 mi along road to

Quincy, — s.n. bie & bios T 3). aarti Co.: Torreya State Park, Schuster s.n. » du ae Torreya State Park, trail near camp-

ground, spray of shaded, 29 Oct 1976, Whitten 47 (FLAS-B60691). Marion Co.: Indian Springs neat

Ocala, Unde 1 & Cook ¡ne ne jn 20. pera on ME Breil (1970). e Miernen, 1917, Noble s.n. (Frye

& Clark 1937); Apal River, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1992b).

D iera hi bsp. nepalensis ( 5 (Taylor) R.M. Schust.

Alachua C long d h, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933): Gai ille, 1909, Harper s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933,

Schuster 1992b); Gai ill 1915, Nelson s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933, Schuster 1992b); E Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1992); Devils

Millhopper, Gainesville i of sinkhole, 13 Oct 1991, Whitehill WCW-ALC0024 (FLAS-B37466); Devil's Millhopper. 6

mi). N of mapa. N P ar Griffin s.n. (FLAS-B13480). Citrus Co.: Pineola, on rocks in fern grotto, 7 Jan 1936, McF arlin s-t.

(FLAS-B21040) hosce a Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1992b); Redfearn (1952). Columbia Co.: Ichetucknee irs

State Park, ca. 1.75 mi NE of the S parl Mill Pond Spring, wet soil at site of old grist mill, 20 Oct 1991, Fisher FILIO:

i ie B057195). ). Sumter Co.: Cat! Hammock, cosilla limestone, 15 Dec 1967, Griffin s.n. (FLAS). Without Co.: Evans (1917); fred

Clark (1937).

Schuster (1954, 1992b) stated nae in the Hen mmes: this ARA is restricted to two disjunct areas:

Escarpments of the Appalachian ^

l Region in Central Florida.

FOSSOMBRONIACEAE

Fosaombronia foveolata Lindb.

fide Stotler & Crandall-Stotle (2005).

Collier Co.: Collier-Seminole State Park, Dec 1955, Bryan s.n. (Schuster 19922), Liberty Co.: Apalachicola River floodplain (Breil 1970).

Fossombronia lamellata Steph.

1040) D 352)

chuste ). Seminole Co.: Sanford, 1924, Rapp s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937), sanford, Rap?

1915, 1916, 1917, 1920 chiens 19924): Redfearn pia tied Co.: Evans (1917); Frye & Clark (1937).

Wasi hi etal., Li 1L £ El ce | 781

porphyrorhiza (Nees) Prosk.

Fossombronia costa Steph.

Fossombronia angulosa (Dicks.) — fide Schuster (19923).

Calhoun Co.: is (1970). Highl Highlands H kS Park, Schuster 44324, 44325 € dpa Hillsborough Co.

Horizon Park, | 1 Hillsl h Aves., on moist soil, 2 Mar 1970, Griepenburg 32 (USF). Jeff C mi SW of Flint Rock, ie:

a. (K Little 1933). Lake Co.: : Eustis Und 1 & Cook s.n. (Hep. Amer. no. 118) (Schuster 19923). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N

[CedarK Road 24, Cedar K n marsh 1990-3998 pis: peto m AS, e gestiens & Oodd bres REFER:

meri State Pik. ve sigan slope, (€ 44041, 440

rout s.n. (Schuster 1992a). Semi d, on sandy cz Rapp 2 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, Rapp s.n. (Schuster 1992a); Medición

B dus cs: Breil (1970). Witl Co.: Hay & Clark (1937)

Fossombronia wondraczekii (Corda) Dumort.

"MÀ, sr A 1 cL... A 1 Le: 1 D; fn. “1 70) 0.1. £^ Ll, M SIAN. D AM. f£ Y4yrz^ 35. C... FIAN a

). Without

Co.: Haynes (1915); Frye & Clark (1937).

FRULLANIACEAE

Frallania brittoniae A. Evans

, 5 May 1972, Buck s.n. (NY). Collier Co.: 2 mi SW i pd

Meade, Rookery ign Suisine Preserve, T515, R26E, Sec, 17 l d by boat ramp, 24 Oct

Merner 488 (US rough Co. tyres Bay, mes ii Mound, S of MASH "e Road, in hee at pep base of ex

Bursera sim inm "s 11983, Lassiter 319 (USF) h Ri 1992a). Liberty Co.: horca

State Park, on Platanus, Rodéoarn 19555 (chaser 19920) Min C 0.: sie i ema 2-4 mi below Juniper Springs, Ocala Nati

Schuster 33395e, 33397b (Schuster 19922). Polk C inole Co.: Sanford, on Mi lauca |M. vir-

giniana], Oct 1914, Rapp 77 (NY, Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 19924) Sumter Co.: 1-75 noribboond; pi area just N of

Withlacoochee River, on fallen twig under Quercus sp., 11 Jun 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 430 (USF). Washington Co.: Breil (1970); Schuster

(19923).

Frullania toten (Nees) Nees

Frullania hm. & Lindenb fide Nasies Kan ).

Co.: Gainesville inth Little s.n. (K y Co.: pues amie Gers Co.: Cove iil near St. Johns

River, (oii scl 19924). Collier Cas Collier Staino Scie Pak 94.3 miS of

Monroe Station, "situ Schuster 37151c (Schuster 19922). Columbia Co.: Lake City, 16 Dec 1894, Straub 146 (NY. Pn Co.: Breil

(1970). Hernando Co.: SE of signee adr ae Mi Acte greg pero Co.: sah River State Park, Schuster

22868b, 22881a, 33909c (Schuster 199 on young tr 1890, Lighthipe 37 (NY),

l mi W of Aucilla River, il 98, men, 44202a Cee 19924) Breil (1970). Her p Fusti, jr 1891, rd 1611 (NV);

Alexander Springs Ocal Ñ Schuster 33425d, 3 | 1992 d Aug 1944, A 2323 (NY);

Tallahz e, 3mial 4 , Kurz s.n. (K & Little 1933); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Cedar K y g 4, Ce dar Key

Scrub Reserve, in swamp, 1990-1992, Pros 59, 562, 1108 GAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995); M Springs State Parl -hiefland,

tr44225a (Schuster 1992). L Liberty p. lo g off ground dry bark, large cypress (T. ascendens), 12

Mar 1952, Wagner & Kurz s.n. (NY); Breil (1970). Manatee Co: 15 mi N of "— quist 89251 de l 19923). Marion Co.: Ocala

National Forest, 3.4 mi N of the intersection of Rte. 19 & Ri Y ifolia, 26 Jan 1974,

Frantz 92 (NY); Juniper Creek, Ocala National Forest, 3-4 mi ie low Pria, visi 33 395%, 33446 33462 Schuster di Juniper

Springs, Ocala National Forest, Schuster 22474, 31911b, 31912a (Schuster 19923). Miami-Dade Co.: Long Key pineland, Everglade Keys,

Schuster 221454 (Schuster 1992a); Everglades omer ali gts Ker — m sid (Schuster 19922); pr dyes

near SW tip of Lo ng Pine Key, Sch t near Kings Hwy.

NW of Homestead, il 42122b (Schuster 19923). Nassau Co: Dillard, Blomquist 9060 (Schuster 19922). Orange Co.: Wekiwa Springs,

"sala oa 29 Apr 1956, Schallert 1006 (NY). Putnam Co.: N of Orange Springs, Rte 315, Schuster 42213, a pica 1992a).

Sue Range, Sanford, May 1931, — n. €— — on tree ‘ranks poni — Rapp 4: 5, Frye &

Clark ns rd 1918, Rapp s.n. (Schuster 1992a). W i H 5-285, on Vaccinium,

?2 Dec 1967, Breil 2027 (NY); Breil (1970).

“aba cobrensis Gottsche ex Steph.

Hernando Co, N of Brooksville, 1949, Wagner & Redfearn s.n. (Schuster 1992a). Highlands Co.: Highlands Hammock State Park, W of

“bring, L 4428la (Schuster 19922). Lake Co.: Alexander Springs, near Astor Park, Ocala National Forest, Schuster 33316c, 33385d

Schuster .: N of Cedar Key, along State Pin 24, Cedar " Scrub Reserve, in cypress dome, 1990-1992, Amoroso 576.5, 9

odi ME & Lieu 1995); Manatee Springs State River, near Chiefland, Schuster 44248a (Schuster 19922).

Dade Co.: Deer Hammock, L ong Pine Key, a puma Park, Schuster 44451b (Schuster 1992a). Polk Co.: near Medulla,

782 Journal of the Botanical R h Institute of T

1949, Redfearn s.n. (Schuster 1992a). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on maple, Rapp 57 (Evans 1913, Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster

Frullania compacta Gottsche ex Steph.

4^ ^ ll: Pad alk e H da € te D 1 1 SENAO E At 1992 kE EA 1 1 3 p c I NW of Copeland, Schuster 82-3131

(Schuster 1992a).

Frullania donnellii Austin, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 52:301. 1879. Tver; FLORIDA: East Florida, Mar 1877, Donnell Smith s.n.

Collier Co.: eaim State Park, oak bark, 7 Mar 1957, Redfearn 3037 (NY); Collier-Seminole State Park, on twigs of Zanthoxylum

fagara, Schuster 8a (Schuster stig Hernando Co.: ropes. US 98, NW of town, on boulder in border of mesic woods, 20 May

1984, Lassiter & iih 2147 (USF). Jeff C young Mar 1890, € 98 ios bienes “T

s.n. (Schuster 1992a). Lake Co.: Piisi, 17 Jan 1891, Und 1 1461(29) (NY); Eustis, Underwood s

Ocala National Forest, Schuster gen PR 33436, 33385b, 33430b (Schuster N MN Sex : N of Cedar Key, along State Road M,

hammock forest, Schuster

Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, in scrub, 1990-1992, Amoroso 805 (FLAS

F-131 (Schuster 19923). L y Co.: Small in Alum Bluff. Apalac "ded R., Schuster 33535 (Schuster 19923); Breil (1970). Marion

Co.: along Juniper Creek, 2-3 and 3-4 mi bel Schuster 33451, nien (Schuster 19923); Juniper

Springs, dense hammock forest, Schuster 220034 hone 19922); Juniper Springs, scrubby. ii-Q. geminata scrub

Schuster 31939a, 31938c (Schuster 1992a); 10 mi W of Juniper Springs. scrub EHI Schuster 22460 (Schuster 19924). Miami-Dade Co.:

Everglades National Park, Deer Hammock, Long Pine Key, at b ida, burned, open hammock edge, Schuster 44451a,

44452c, 44455, 44456a o — — Hammock, sw of ti E of Long Pine Key, Schuster 37328c, 37310a, 37313b, 37341b, 37331

(Schuster 1992a e 315, Schuster 42213a (Schuster 1992a). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on various barks,

Rapp 75 (NY, Evans 1897, Haynes 1915, ripe & Clark 1947).

Pianis GEETE peep maca — R.M. Schus

reek, 4 mi S of River Junction, Kurz s.n. Ap & Little AERA nee — mis

McFarlin 1122, 1123, 1159, 1166 (Frye & Clark ens. Hillsborough C Co.: T iia pug i

NC. Magnas irt T ar ee Co.: Monticello, Mar - 1890 I ighthipe 37 (NY); Breil

N 1 ice Rd. 552, f ith Taxodium, Sabal, and

hardwoods, 6 Dec 1988, Buck 16778 (NY). Leon Co.: Breil € od eed Co.: N of ied Key "A State ie Road 2 24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve,

in swamp, 1990-1992, Amoroso 802, 934 (Fl 199

7, on Quercus sp. in “scrub

jay” type of scrub, 29 Mar 1980, Merner 362 (USF). wide Co.: Ochlockone River, gum swamp, 16 Oct 1943, [Breen] 2177 (NY); Torreya

State dea RMS m iin Martin Co.: wood with moss, 29 Ms ay 1980, Sauleda: et al. 3575 he

Semi on tree trunk, 8 Dec 1955, poa 891 (NY), Volusia Co.: D ity, Mic

Ave, 24 Apr 1982, Lassiter é Lassiter 616 (USF).

We mew, Schuster's aries BE acaat 1992a) and consider all prior reports of Frullania eboracensis in

virginica.

Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont.

Ei 4

Al E "ug T3. ¿Pe NAH

a, 5 May 1972, Buck s.n. nid Devil's Millhopper, 2 mi E of Fort White,

10 Dec P Evans 208 (NY); Lake Walberg, 6 mi iS of Gainesville, iiie s.n. Vin & Little 1933), Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Calhoun Co.: Breil

(1970). Citrus Co.: 3 mi E of Floral C ie on Fowler's Island, T205, R20E, Sec. 12, on Futüpd caroliniana in low hammock, 3 Apr 1980,

Lassiter ipe 399 (USF), on Liquidambar in low hammock, 3 Apr 1980, Lassiter et 2 372, 378 (USE). Clay Co.: Green Cove, Mar 1884, [Rai

TANYA Collier Cos Everglades, SiS Monroe pe Station, Schuster 31460 37181, 37182, 37157c, 37151a Pines 19922): Collier-Seminole

State Park, over bark, 19-21 Dec 1950, S 19918, 20311, 44372a (Schuster 19922); N of Collier-Seminole State

Park, N of Tamiami Canal, Schuster 44360c, 44382, 44232, 44383 voe 19924) agrees Co.: a tee City, 29 Dec de — 145 (NY);

Fort White, 2 mi E, on road to Lake City, Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933) C. iint River,

Gonzalez, 24 Nov 1951 ee Perle Coe) Parker Island, 5 mi S of Lake I 1 fa live oak o!

of MUN 21 Apr 195 g k State P. ie pani Schuster 44281 (Schuster 1992a); in

, 1934, McFarlin 112 & Clark 1947). oe whouse Slough, near Hillsborough River, 1 1285.8

Sec. 12, on e rcus "t inlow a: 2 Apr 98, usi noi guess. AFER Bay Environmental Center, 1325. RISE, Sec.

Aug 1980, ere painiar inis. Cockroach Wr Enviro

Center, in nnne iu niger us silicicola [J. virginiana] (Te S et al. 1986). H ). Jackson Co. Florida C pec

State Park, near Marianna, near Chipola R., Schuster 44134, apa ROO edad Jien Co.: W of L Ancilla k River, on Rte 98, Schuster

44188, 44197, 44198b (Schuster 19923); Monticello, 27 Feb 189 0). Lake € o.: Alexander

Springs, Ocala National Forest, Schuster 31385e, 33313a dion hus 19929) Eustis, hasar 1891, a lélla (NY ). Lee ipd Sani ;

Island, Point Ybel, T465, R23E, Sec. 21, on Fi 22 Mar 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 402 (USF):

Dauphin et al., ae ijk + Erised 783

Sanibel Island, J. N. Darling National Wildlife Refuge T465, R22E, Sec. 7, on E ill lk k, 22 Mar 1980, Lassiter &

Lassiter 335 (USF). Leon Co.: Caldwell's Woods, Tallahassee, on bark, 21 Oct 1951, Breen 2552 (NY); Tallahassee, College Campus, K

(Kurz & am Jis sai Vm. Mr ba Most acota: State Park, near Chiefland, exibat 4422: HAM 232a, iit — (Schuster

54V NI (El

in swamp, 1990-1992

aa}, P ,

O oring:, 5 Apr 1953, Breen 3028A (N ve Lib Co.: Breil (1970). M Co.: Silver Glen Springs, Ocala National F hehe

42197, 42199 (Schuster 1992a); Ocala, 29 Jan 1891, Und 11799 (NY); Juniper Spri Schuster 82-3040 (Schuster 1992a). Miami-Dade

Co.: Timms Hammock, 18 Mar 1915, Small & Mosier 5281 (NY), Monroe MUR Viae dabis; McFarlin s.n. Fifi AR Cape Sable (East

Cape), sand dunes, 28 Nov 1916, Small 7820 (NY); Cape Sable, McFarlin s.n. (Frye & Clark 1947). Orange Co.: Wekiwa Springs, moist, on

branches, 8 Aug 1956, Schallert 1095 (NY). Palm Beach Co.: Lake Worth, 1891, Underwood 2167 (NY). Pasco Co.: 1 mi N of Port Richey at

Mone, T255, UR Sec. c on "n Juniperus silicicola |J. virginiana] by creek, 15 Mar 1981, Lassiter & Lassiter 553 (USF). Pinellas

pp 41 palm tree, 18 Jan 1957, Johnson 19781 (NY). Polk Co.: 3 Eee Creek, N side of FL 60, 1.5

iE of Hillsborough Co. line, k, 26 Jan 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 297 (USF). Putnam Co.:

Nof mad — Rte 315, Schuster 42214 (Schoser 19923). Saint Johns Co.: St. Augustine, 28 Mar 1907, Britton & Britton 53 (NY).

Myakka State Park, 31 Jul 1952, Breen puis inia Y) tins Co.: Sanford, on tree trunks, n ries Rapp 45 (NY, Haynes

1915); E Vas n. aside prc eae ht ], rest area, po "^ of Withl on 1 Qu us sp. 11 Jun

1980, Lassiter & Lassiter Js Co.: S River S i lime cliffs and lough

oak, 25 Sep 1967, Breil 603 (NY); Breil (1970). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Union Co.: Worthington Springs, 29 Aug 1944, Fisher 76 (NY.

Volusia Co.: Enterprise, on cedar, 31 Mar 1887, Benttenmuller 18a (NY). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970).

Frallania gibbosa Neesi

1 MA tec Tiri

mi NNW of Ranger Station, Taxodium-hardwood

swamp, Buck 54473 (NY). Miami-Dade Co.: Timms s Hammock near pape 1929, ideas d oo = Clark 1947); Royal Palm

Hammock, 1929, Taylor 1853 (Frye & Clark 1947); Royal Palm I k, Taylor 1875; Timms

Hammock, near Bauer Drive, N of Homestead, Taylor E — 19923): Redlands H l kN W of H a Mating: Hwy., W

of Richard Road, eus 42260 (Schuster 1992 National Park, I land, NW of campg 1, Schuster 44452

(Schuster 1992a); Osteen Hammock, Long Key Pineland, Schuster 44452, 44473 (Schuster 19924).

nia inflata Gottsche

Frullania cadit m wih its ot 15:22. ret TYPE: FLORIDA. S Sanford, Jun 1911, Rapp 18.

Alachua Co.: Ne ttle s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933). Columbia Co.: O'Leno State Park in floodplain of S

FeRiver, ops, 28 Jul 1967, Breil 1855 (NY); Breil (1970). Gadsden C f loughs along Ochlocl River, on black birch,

V Dec 1967, B 48( il (1970). Hillst h Co.: Cowhouse Slough Hillsb gh River, T285, RI9E, Sec 2 on Ulmus sp.

inlow woods cid slough, 30 Dec 1981, C ki 8 (USF). H Co.: Breil (1970). Jeff 1 ni S toward Walker

Springs, Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 19 33). Lake Co.: Eustis, Jan 1891, Underwood 621 "a Leon Co.: Caldwell's sie Tallahassee, on

Magno gnolia grandiflora, 2 Jan 1952, Breen ye (NY); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: M Park, Suwannee River, near Chiefland,

Schuster 44248 , 44235, 44232f, 44233a, 44233 PREIS 19923). Marion Co.: Ocala, dan Ane in 91, Und 11760 (NY). Monroe Co.: Ke

West, s.d. Howe s.n. (NY). Orange Co.: Wekiwa Springs, on moist tree branch, 24 Jun 1958, Schallert 1513 (NY). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Aug

1912, Rapp 18 (NY, Haynes 1915); Sanford, Rapp 21 (Evans 1912); Rapp 44 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947). Suwannee Co.: Breil (1970).

ia Co.: Ormand Beach, 5 mi N at Smoak Ranch, 1 Jan 1958, Donnell Smith s.n. (NY).

Frullania inflata var communis R.M. Schust.

Co.: cold Poen ara: 10 mi a a Lene: Placid, Schuster 44351c (Schuster 1992a); Highlands Hammock State Park,

Highlands

Schuster 4498] s.n. (Schuster 19923).

intumescens (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb.

Frullania cucullata 1 indenb. & Gottsche, fide Stotler (1969)

Co.: near Everglades, Eaton 1905; (NY, Schuster 1992a). Lee Co.: Caloosahatchee River, Mar 1878, Donnell Smith s.n. (NY, Schuster

713) Without Co.: : Evans (1914); Frye & Clark (1947).

'rullania kanzei (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Haden.

lachna Co.: 1) Uni 23 L

Campus, inc anopy, d, 28 May 1972, Buck s.n. (NY); Devil's Millhopper, 6 mi NW of

dnesrille, Little s.n. (Kur & Mis "o Clay Co.: Kingsley Lake, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933). Citrus Co.: 3 mi E of Floral City, T20S,

ec. 13, on Acer k, 16 Jan 1980, Lassiter et ma 300 hand e. Co.: ug Trafford ipa McFarlin & Grout

mre Clark 1947). Columbia Co.: Lake City, 1 Dec 1894, Straub 147 (N as , 1935, Frye s.n. (Frye

"TM 47). Frank e : St. George Island ^g Park, along hiking trail to Gap point, dn pana n n small oak hammocks, 11 Dec

e ds n. (NY). Gads Ë il (197 ) ence ed wo ) E lighl 1g, 1936,

(Frye & Clark 1947). did Co.: C tal Center, T325, RI8E, Sec. 28, on Q iniana i

Coastal h hammock bordering mixed coastal strand, 12 Aug 1982, Lassiter & Lassiter 855 (USF); Cockroach Bay Environmental c enter, in

- : itute of Texas 52)

mangrove, g ] I (Te Strake et al. 1986). Pates ~~ » bip tet Metus 21 hi 1891,

Und d 1722 (NY). Lee C Fort M inswamp, on old stump, 23 Feb 1946, S .1Feb

1927, Kurz 8 (NY); Tallahassee, 3 mi along road to Quincy, Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Cedar Key, along State

Road 24, Ced i band 1990-1992, Amoroso 561, 679, 682, 800, 802, 804, 807, 1108 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd

1995). Lib sed il (1970). M Co.: Ocal icti 17 Apr 1948, Breen 2443 (NY). Orange Co.: Wekiwa Springs, on tree bark, 29 Apr

AUR Scale "bá e E MON: He iras 1891, épices 1808 (NY). Pv Co.: Ocala National Forest, Old Johnson

77 just W of ha 19, swamp forest, 7 Dec 1988, Buck s.n. (NY). Seminole

o.: Altamonte Sis on tree bark, 8 Dec 1955, Schallert 882 (N inis Sanf pinta Hen trunks, - a Pid 42 (Evans 1912,

Be es 1915, Frye & Lana aie Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970). W R

S of Chipley, pl stone, 12 May 1967, Breil 1709 (NY); Breil (1970).

c nH . . . IN IN W a

J N TRE

Frullania arietina Taylor, fide Schuster (19924).

Collier Co.: 1934, Grout & McFarlin 1059 ipsi tpi & nm 1947); Royal n —— tht "— ssh = of i

National Park, on Rte. 205, j

4 Apr 1916, S 117555 (NY); drai f Corl S 30 Mar 1978, Redfe

oad), 2.5-3 mi N of Monroe Co. Line, Sdvistit 44594a, 44595 (Schuster 19924); Rte. 94, 3 mi S. of Monroe pann Schuster 37182, 37158

(Schuster hie Collier-Seminole State Park, Schuster 26150a, 26141, 26148a, 26147, 26158 (Schuster 1992a); N of Collier-Seminole State

Park, 0.5-1.0 mi N of Tamiami Canal, Schuster 44377a, 44375a, 44371, 44372 (Schuster 1992a). Highlands Co.: Highlands Hammock State

Park, W of nes Schuster 19943 (Schuster 1992a). L .: Caloosahatchee River, Donnell Smith s.n. (Schuster 1992a). Miami-Dade Co:

Brickell spp 19 Mar 1915, Small 5273 (NY, ed & Clark 1947, Schuster 19922); Homestead, 1929, Taylor 165 as & Clark 1947);

1937, Mue, n. (Frye & Clark 1947); Timms Hammock, 1940, Grout s.n. (Frye ark 1947); Timms Hammock, Gro

22858a Rd 19923); Costello Hammock, Schuster 22953 sea 199223); Homestead, Taylor 165 (Schuster hit pupil

National Park, Deer Hammock, Long Key pineland, Schuster 44452a, 44453 (Schuster 19922); Paradise Key, Schuster 22915b, 20172

ERA 1992a); 2.5-3.5 mi NW of Paradise Key, E end of Long Key Vinh Schuster 36819b, 36820, 36824, 36834 (Schuster 19922); on

and Road, 5-6 mi W of Florida City, hammock forest, Schuster 22651c (Schuster 19922); Redlands Hammock, near Kings H

vage Road, NW of Homestead, Schuster 42262, 44396, 42260a, 44399a, 44396a (Schuster 1992a). Monroe Co.: Flamingo-Cape Sable,

hammocks, 26 Nov 1916, d 7813 (NY).

2Q1L1IS(NY)-R 04 (I aon

Frullania sabaliana R.M. Schust., dea 53:365. 1983. Type: FLORIDA. H Co.: Hillsborough River, in

dic River Sud Park, ala

Hillsb Parl s area, near water's edge, growing on stump, 25 Jan 1957, s.c. 9A (NY); Hillsborough

River, in Hillsborough River State Park, Schuster 33903, 33910a (Schuster 1992a).

Frullania taxodiocola R.M. Schust., Phytologia 53:364. 1983. Tyr; FLORIDA. MONROE Co.: between Monroe Station and

Ochopee, just N of Tamiami Canal, in Cypress Head, Schuster 42241 (HOLOTYPE: F).

GEOCALYCACEAE

€ spalachicolus (R.M. Schust.) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust. "

Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:195. 1980. TYPE: FLORIDA. JACKSON CO.: Florida Caverns State Pa

gn PR Schuster 67-591.

Gadsden C. A 1 Bluff icola Ri Srhutier 22201 (3

F o F vocriuster 1700).

Chiloscyphus martianus (Nees) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust.

ee martiana Nees

EE .: Collier S Park, hammock forest. b fa 1 feu Sister ics up 1980). Dixie

hatcl i i 1970). Lake Co

hard | (Breil 1970) Gadsd €. A 1 RISA

Alexander Springs, Schuste r s.n. (Schuster 1980). m Co.: N of Cedar Key, pees State Road 24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, in d

1990-1992, Amoroso 940 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995). Marion Co.: Ocala National Forest, Juniper Springs, Juniper Creek, 4-3 Me

elow its origin picis Springs, Schuster pen 33400c (Schuster 1980). Miami-Dade Co: Everglades W of Miami, Sma all &

(Schuster 1980); hammocks near the Homestead Trail, between Cutler and Longview Camp, Small & Carter 1355, 1371, 1396 -

t sii m hon get Everglades National Park anm ds dee mimg brad Redfearn (1952). Pasco Co: —

80); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1 da in hammock, Rapp ! awe

1915); Sanford, 1923, "is s.n. (Frye & Clark 1943, Schuster 1980); McFarlin (1940); iiie PEN lusia Co.: Port Orange. | a

Straub s.n. (Underwood & Cook, Amer. Hep. Exsic. no. 15) (Evans 1905, Frye & Clark 1943, Schuster 1980); xe (1952). Wakulla

Wakulla Swamp, Schornherst 2242 (Schuster 1980),

Dauphin et al., Li

Vaupr 7

E. cis oe ar R M: Schust.

Rroil (1070) Cadcd Ce Beosl (1070) Hillel HO NIVA e ed Run reer on base of cypress i in dry

PUN T

cypress swamp, 1 Jan 1985, Lassiter & Lassiter 2124 (USF). J ffi ). Levy Co.: N of Cedar ei

along State Road 24, Cedar nd Scru a ne in gena dome, —— c 552, 558 (FLAS, p & Judd 1995). Pasco

SR 54, 1.5 mi W of 1-75, near Quail p yl ver swamp f past fire, 27 Jan 1981,

E 501 (1 ISP). S le Co.: Sanford, on bark and dy banks, Rapp 13 (Hayas 1915); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn

reil (1970). Union Co.: Breil (1970). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970). Washington Co.: Breil (1970). Without Co.: Kur

(1952). Taylor

Little (1933); Frye & cum (1943).

Chiloscyphus profundus var. cladogynus (R.M. Schust.) JJ. Engel

Highlands Co.: Highlands Hammock, Schuster 76-345 Schuster (1980).

JUNGERMANNIACEAE

Schistochilopsis capitata (Hook.) Konstant.

Lophozia capitata (Hook.) Macoun

ff. ho

p (1969).

Seminole Co.: 15 mi SW of Sanford ist clayey bank, 24 Mar 1923, Rapp 94 (Evans 1923, Schuster 1969); Redfearn (1952).

p ma gracillimum (Sm.) R.M. Schust.

ngermannia crenulata Sm., fide Schuster (1969).

dea crenulata (Sm.) Buch

Co.: Breil (1970). Wakulla Co.: I Creek between Crawfordville and A

Washington Co.: Breil (1970). Without Co.: Kurz & Little (1933); Frye & Clark (1943).

(Kurz & Little 1933, Schuster 1969); Breil (1970).

Yzysjella autumnalis (DC.) K. Feldberg et al.

(D ) Steph., fide Feldt (2010)

a Breil (1970). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Liberty Co.: T State Park, damp soil along Rock Creek, Schuster 44082 (Schuster 1969);

Breil (1

LEJEUNEACEAE

heterophylla (A. Evans) peg: & Gradst.

Pychocoleus heterophyllus A. Evans, Amer. J. Bot. 5:144. 1918. TvPE: FLORIDA. S Co.: Sanford, Robinson Spring, 8 mi S of

Sanford, May 1917, Reps n. (holotype: ND.

McKethan P. N of Brooksville

Hillsborough Co. ampa, C

1984, kassier & ester 2 2154 (USF); A Bert Envi l Center, in mangrove, on Junip ilici la UJ. virginiana], Quercus

virginiana. Av 11 (Te Strake et al. 1986). Lake Co.: Alexander Springs, S of

Astor Park, Ocala National Forest, on bark " Quercus virginiana, Dec 1953, ae 31518, on bark of pnl tain MM 31519

(Schuster 1954, Schuster 1980). N fQ g Pi Jan , Lassiter & Lassiter

a a A 1 + 1 PASEAR MA i e 1 f (3.1

ir) k Olan 1982 1 it ET it 291 (TICE)

Center, lt l ixed g 19) i gi i , 28 Oct

2069 (USF F); Madira Bickel M 1, in mangrove Q

at intersection of Rte. 40, ca. 5 mi E En Silver er Springs on meet ie 1951, on mies iude 1954); Juniper Springs, Ocala National

en oves Perseal Rte. 40, dense hammock forest,

fP borbonia, 11 Dec 1951, Sch 22090 (NY. Schuster de ma Co.: salt Sprogs, lmiN às Port Richey,

5s, RI6E, Sec 20,0nQ 15 Mar 1981, Lassi 571 n Quercus

virginiana on N end, 14 Aug 1982, as et al. 777 (USF). Sinh E Co.: to. on bark, May 1912, Rapp 38 (NY, Frye & poe 1947,

Schuster 1980); 1918, Rapp 63 (Frye & Clark 1947).

Schuster (1954, 1980) stated that this is an “old apical are! ' which invaded Florida in pre-Pleistocene

times but has not spread in more recent times, and i Oligocene Island Region.

nea lehmanniana (Gottsche) A. Evans

Co.: Co diae Eun Park, mans 26130a > Schuster 1980, Gradstein 1994); Collier-Seminole State Park, Schuster 20428,

s Gradstein 199 mock, Oct 1906, Small & Carter 2812 (Evans 1911a, 191 1b). Miami-Dade Co.

; ki Hammock near Silver Palm, on the bok of various trees, 2 Apr 1939, McFarlin 1746 (FLAS-B1862, Frye & Clark 1947), 1748a

-B1864, Frye & Clark 1947); Hattie Bauer Hammock near Modella, 28 Feb 1940, McFarlin 1923 (FLAS- B1693, Frye & Clark 1947).

7 1 B EH Bs sal D WI H er id

SAGS HA)

Timms Hammock near Silver Palm Homestead, 25 Feb 1940, on rachis of Nephrolepis, McFarlin 1931 (FLAS-B1692, Frye & Clark 1947);

Timms Hammock near Silver Palm Homestead, McFarlin 1962 (FLAS-B1861, Frye & Clark 1947); Timms Hammock near Silver Palm

Homestead, McFarlin 1965 (FLAS-B1863, Frye & Clark 1947); — National Park, Small & Lowe 7041, 7044, 7059 (NY, Gradstein

1994); Everglades National Park, Small & Moisier 5285, 6174, 6188 (US, Gradstein 1994); € National Park, Schuster 22810 (NY,

Gradstein 1994); Buck B799 (NY, Gradstein JSN Costello sada near Silver Palm, 23 Mar 1938, McFarlin 1581 (FLAS- lo

Additional records cited by Schuster (1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford, 28 Sep 1917, Rapp s.n. (Evans 1918); on tree trunks, Rapp 76 (

1915, Evans 1918).

Additional specimens and locality records from Miami-Dade Co. were given by Schuster (1980).

C lei cubensis (Mont.) Schiffn

Caler Ca: Royal Palm Ico llier-S lel S Park, on rotten wood, 6 Dec 1919, Brit & Britton 561 (NY, Frye & Clark 1947); Goodburn

Hammock, 1915, Small & ier 5232 (Frye & Clark 1947) k, 1916, Small e 1947, Schuster 1980); Timms

Hammock, on Bauer Drive, near Modello, 1951, Schuster 22857, 22915 (Schuster 1980). Miami-D Co.: Miami, n bark with moss, Noy

1904, Small 25 (USF); on fronds of Trichomanes krausii, Small s.n. (USF-255000); between Cutler and Longview Camp, Everglades, Small &

Carter 1431 (Frye & Clark 1947); Everglades National Park, 16 Oct 1962, Craighead s.n. (USF-254994).

Ceratolejeunea guianensis (Nees & Mont. ) Steph.

Duval Co.: 1927, J. F & Clark 1947) Bainbridge Road Bridge, 1927, Kurz 91C (Frye & Clark 1947). Lake Co.:

Dode Hammock, 1912, Hook 59 (Frye & Clark 1947). Seminole Co.: Sauk, 1929, Rapp 37 (Frye & Clark 1947).

sg coca peters (Austin) R.M. bobo d dern Mitchell E, 12: 306. 1956.1 -fusca Austin,

Gaz. 1: 36. 1 : 1877, Donnell-Smith s y 6, NY)

2. g A h A Fvans ^A. Tr pl i AANT

al Ca. Deovil'e MIT ial NT af Ca AN) Y 467 16 Feb 1966.1 Pret fel (US, NY, Dei

2003); Devil's Millhopper Sink, on bark, 16 Feb 1968, Griffin III s.n. (FLAS). 6187, 6148 (l Js. Da iss 2003)

Modella, on filmy tig deca sp3), 28 Feb di ela 1924 E Nature iin Florida oe Spt South

Campus Jacksonvil l 1 14 Feb 1987, Miller 85 (FLA B51669);

Nature Trail, Florida a Communi College, "wh : Campus, Jacksonville, exposed ro roots and bak si s. tree, 15 Mar 1987, pese

(FLAS-B51668). Clay Co.: E side of S i nus caroliniana and

pne onto d soil, 20 Jan 1982, White 64 (FLAS- B45777); Gold: Head hac State Park, Hwy 21, NE of Keystone Heights, sandy ra-

vine, on t of hardwoods, 100 ha B e ieri, erm s.n. doe UH uval Co.: Shields Hammock, Small et al. 6153 (US); Timms

Hammock Smal et x Du ge, 1927, Kurz s.n. (Schuster vds Breil (1970). H

31 Dec 1951. Scl 22037a (NY Highl ds Co.: Hig Park, W of Sebring, ná

Quercus vegana 28 Dec icd ipu 19954d (NY ); Hig} lands H k State Park, on hard woods, 16 March 1968, Griffin s.n. (FLAS-

li in humid subtropical forest, 22 Jan 1972, Griffin s.n. (FLAS-015257); Highlands

id: State. Park, along forest trail in hardwood — eE: mx and cabbage palm canopy, 18 Nov 1989, Griffin 991

(FLAS-B54781); Highlands I State Park ,on e trunk = e palm, 10 Nov 1991, Whitehall

HLDOOI9 (FLAS-B57456); Orange Blossom. "Toi Sandie teak tuscan glabra, 16 May 1981, Griffin 687

(FLAS 16) Trail lf d f glabra, 16 My 1981, Griffin 688 (FLAS-B54017);

Highlands Hammock Stait Park, ca. 5 mi W of Sebring, open Bial on roots 3 bit uem 16 = 1981, n - dcos M:

Highlands Hammock State Park, — Le ~~ 1968, hsec s.n. Moesiae 11 8

rapids area, 21 Jan 1959, Johnson 3325/3E k, shady ł f k of Quercus, 1 Mar

1970, Griffin s.n. (FLAS-B13406). Jefferson Co.: W of Aucilla Road on Rte. 98, Sch * 44195 (Schuster ee -— Co.: Ocala National

Forest, Alexander Springs Recreation Area, Timucuan Indian Trail. hard d p 1991, ley

(FLAS-B57157); Alexander Springs, along Timucuan Trail, hardwood swamp, on udis of tree, n Sep 1991, Fisher s.n. cn FLAS BT)

Ocala National Forest, 5.25 mi S of Astor Park off CR 445 in Alexander Springs Recreation Area, E of Alexander Springs pool off of

Timucuan Indian Trail, T16S, R27E, Sec. 16, tropical hammock, on base of Persea borbonia, 22 Sep 1991, Herring B58 Ane

Alexander Springs, shady, mesic hammock forest, trunk of Carya glabra, 24 Apr 1981, Griffin 647 (FLAS-B54009). Leon Co.: Breil (

Levy Co.: Gulf Hammock, (sec. 10), alabar U, Dauphin 2003); Sumner Quad., Sec. 10, 29°13'00"N, 82°58'04"W (29. 217, -82.968),

28 Sep IE 1981, Griffin 60 (NY); Waccassasa Cedar Key Scrub State Preserves, Waccassasa Bay Quad., Sec. 34, "e hardwood ham-

mock, 15-20 ft., 18 Nov 1981, Gr ep 2141 (PAS: 061072); Waccassasa pay eee r Key Scrub State Preserves, Bron W Quad., Se c. 2

Taxodium-hardwood swamp forest, 15-20 ft., on trunk of Quercu. [Q. laurifolia], 18 Nov 1981, Griffin om (FLAS-0610 1030);

Waccassasa Bay & Cedar Key Serb State Preserves, Sumner Sak Sec. 10, alt. 15-20 ft., mesic hammock, 14 Oct 1981, Griffin 2

(FLAS-B61097); Waccassasa Bay &

Cedar Key Scrub State Preserves, Waccassasa Bay Quad. W

coastal hardwood! hammock, 15-20 ft., 18 Nov 1981, ,Griffin2 2141 | (FLAS- d Liberty Co.: B 70). Marion Co.: along FL e

Co.: M

ila

in hydric forest bar styraciflua, Griffin 365 dep 046955). Miami-Dade

Dauphin et al., Li dh ts of Florid 787

Daup ;

Hammock, 22 Jun 1915, Small et al. 6208 (NY); Hattie Bauer H | Modella, on filmy fern (Trick ), 28 Feb1940, McFarlin

1924 (FLAS-B31853). O S horizontal stem, 80 b a Mar 1969, Griffin s n. ^ae Bl 3407) Polk C eek

Swamp, 24 Feb 1940, McFarlin 54 (FLAS- B1644) Semi posed roots, Rapp 37 mdr 1915,

Schuster 1980), various numbers (Evans 1911b); Sanford, Rapp 362 (US, eae 2003), Apr 1934, E s.n. (NY), on stump, 6 Apr 1917,

Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B5141), on bark, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7124); road to Oviedo, Mar 1923, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7363); Sylvan Lake, with Metzgeria,

Feb 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7364), on various bark, spring 1936, dod s.n. ake teed sei eta on tree trunk, «d Per ied s.n.

(FLAS-B37711). Volusia Co.: Orange City, Hood s.n. (Schuster 1980). W. yl

i% 1968, Breil 2460 (NY). Washington Co.: Moss Hill, behind Methodist Church, Breil 2535 (US, Dauphin 2003); s.c., s.n. (Breil 1970).

without locality: the lectotype.

Ceratolejeunea va s Ans Steph.

Miami-Dade Co.: betw tler and Longview Camp, N of Homestead, Small & Carter 1431 (Fulford 1945, canon 1980); near Longview

Camp, Small & e ae purik 1945, Schuster 1980). Without Co.: Fulford (1945); Frye & Clark 19

This species was reported from Florida by Fulford (1945) and Schuster (1980) apparently based on the same

specimens.

a adnata (Kunze ex Lehm.) Grolle

Cig ail (Spruce) A. Evans

Miami-D Hammock, Arch Creek Prairie, 3 Jul 1915, Small & Mosier 6162 (NY); Timms Hammock near Silver Palm,

Homestead, 24 Feb 1940, McFarlin 1954 (FLAS): Timms es NE pe ue & Mosier 5920 T rans Grove, 1916, Small 7414

(Schuster 1980); Miami, 1904, Howe 81 (Schuster 1980) k 1947,

Schuster 1980); Timms Hammock, 19 Jun 1915, Small & Med 5920 (NY); Timms Hammock near Silver Pal, SEA 24 Feb 1940,

McFarlin 1954 (FLAS-B1689

Cheilolejeunea clausa (Nees & Mont. ) R.M. Schust.

M M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:871. 1980, fide Thiers in prep.

B jana clausa (Nees & Mont.) A. Evans

Co.: Gainesville, sod Spring, on tree, 10 Jul 1938, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7130); Gainesville, Hatchet Creek, Jan 1933, Little s.n.

(FLAS-536). Bay Co.: B trus Co.: Yulee Sugar Mill, Homosassa, 4 Apr 1953, Breen 3057 (NY). Collier Co.: Big Cypress Swamp,

22 Feb 1935, McFarlin & Grout 1001B (FLAS, Frye & z Clark M cå, de mi x * Pipe iod «pass di sione. gen Trail,

dense swamp, ides v 8 Mar 1957, Breen 3050 (N la 29, sub-

tropical swam: on trunk of Taxodium disticl 27 Mar 1982, Griffin 922 (FLAS- 054339); in ase Billie Swamp, 20

E. Immokalee, 14 ^ne 1938, McFarlin 1558 (FLAS-1965); Torreya State Park, 10 Nov 1937, iur: 1491 DP ROMAE about); ca. 4 mi

tion on “Loop Road,” “Gator Hook slough,” swamp-p apple a g gladeland, on fronds of

deni bitin 5 Jun 1966, Long et al. 1688b (USF-25499. 1 Dixie Co.: Breil (1970). Escambia Co.: E bia River at Molino, 3

Apr-13 Jun pa Breen 3827 (NY). Gadsden Co.: C} : ft li , 27 Mar aba Kurz 136 (NY). Hernando Co.:

EX ES an N of Brooksville : ge Juni ilicicola |]. virginiana] i i d 1984, Lassiter & Gross 828 (USF).

H ks Park, near Sebring, sul ical rainf , 11 Aug, 1985, Thiers 3147 ah boi i

idem ough NNI Siate Park, 21 Jan 1955, Johnson s.n. (NY). Jackson Co.: Chipola Ri estone cliff, 27 Mar

1927 Kurz 138 (N Y). Jefferson C mticello, 4 Feb 1890, e 7 (NY); Rock Bluff, 10 "a 1937, McFarlin 1447 Aes 1655). Lake Co.:

Orange Bend ,Jan—Apr 1891, Under 2200 (NY). Leon Co.: Tallahassee, Cie s Woods, on od grandiflora, 20 Feb 1952, Breen

2684 (NY); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of C Kev. al us 24. Cedar Key S in swamp, 1990-1992, Amoroso 682, 683, 679, 1098

(FLAS, , Amoroso & Judd 1 spra Co.: Talogia River ep 18 Sep 1938, uae 1006 On Toren State Park, 10 Nov 1937, McFarlin

1491 (FLAS); Alum Bluff, ae 1588 (Fl : v 1937, dci Hes LAS -1659);

Alum Bluff, McFarlin 1588 (FLAS-1963) (Breil 1970). Mex Co.: jum 1891, Underwood 2019 (NY)

high bank s of waterfall, 26 Jul 1952, Breen 2867 (NY). Miami-Dade Co.: between Cutler and Longview Camp, in

Homestead Road, 9-12 Nov 1903, ^an et ub n abi Mesi. on bark Wn moss, Nov 1894, Small 24 (USF); Coconut Grove, 1916, 6, smal

Spr ings,

1815 (Frye & Clark 1947). F K ) Schuster 19903, 22610 (Schuster 1980

Co: nac Coot m 1 Ag 1916, 6. Syal! 7551 (NY). O ge Co.: Econlockhatcl near Bithlo, Taxodium swamp, on peg 3

Apr 1981, Dull 44/la (NY I below Delray, 19 Nov 1903, Small 1434 (NY). Polk Co.: Fort ee

Jan-Apr 1890, Smith s.n. RR Lakeland, highland gully, 15 Jan 1931, McFarlin 115 (FLAS-1660). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on bark, M

m (NY, Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, Apr 1915, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-5144); Sanford, 1916, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6748); din

ec , On bark, 24 Jan 1931 , Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6951); Sanford, hammock, 23 Feb 1934, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6950); Sanford, Mar 1934, Rapp

5-B6952): Sanford, on trees, 1916, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B674 n Sumter Co.: 15 mi W Fo Leesburg, eps hardwood hammock, on base

Olive oak, 12 Aug 1957, Kral 5410 (NY). Volusia Co.: Enterprise, s.d., Foster s.n. (NY). Wakull Wakulla Springs

a. aid in pine sandridge, on oak, 8 Mar 1967, Breil 1715 a m 19. Washington Co.: Rock Hill, ca. 4 mi S of Chipley (Breil

Schuster 1980).

788 i 5(2)

Cheilolejeunea discoidea (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Kachroo & R.M. Schust.

n" diis = oq Breil

s, Amer. J. Bot. 5:141. 1918 = — — Co.: Sanford, ig ps leeis: — T

Marion Co.: Oo CERES 1891, Und 11750 (NY)

Frye & Clark 1947). Washi Rock Hill, 9 mi S of Chipl i hill wi 1 ps, on senda 12 May 1967,

Breil 1710 et 4 mi S of Chipley, Rock Hill (Breil 1970).

Cheilolej I ha A. Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8:141. 1902. Tyre: FLORIDA. LAKE Co.: Eustis, Jan-Apr 1891,

Underwood 1380 (HOLOTYPE iis

15 1 1 M. i ix et

ca. 2 mi pad ¿el e ate Taxodium-hardwood

swamp, 4 Mar 2009, Buck 54447 (NY). Highlands Co.: Highlands H k State P. ar 1962, Conard s.n. (NY).

Hillborough Co.: Hillsborough River State ate Park, Schuster. 33936 (Schuster 1980). pete Co.: Talila Cael Mee on —

grandiflora, 2 Jan 1952, Breen 2639 (NY). Lib y Tract, base of tree, 18 Jun 1939, Breen 374 (NY). Ma

)

white sand scrub, 10 Aug 1985, Thiers 3134 NY). Miami-Dade Co.: hammocks near Longview Camp, 13-16 May 1904, oe Sear Sa

(NY); Everglades, Paradise Key (Royal Palm Hammock), Schuster 19928b (Schuster 1980). Monroe Co.: 2 mi N of Tamiami Canal, between

Monroe Station and e Schuster 42241a, 42243a, 42243c Mpeg 1980). Polk Co.: Nalcrest, W of recreation areas, low pineland,

Magnolia virginiana, 26 Nov , Wheeler, s.n.). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on trees, 19 Mar 1912, Rapp 61 (Haynes 1915; NY, Frye & Clark

1947); Sanford, on trees, 16 Nov 1934, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B54 dis Sanford, on trees, 21 Nov 1934, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B5407); Sanford, on

Andromeda, 15 Jan 1919, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7126); Sanford, on trees, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6741).

Thi i tral and soutl Florida (Schuster 1980; Thiers in prep.).

Cheilolejeunea polyantha var. caduciloba R.M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:887. 1980. Tyre: USA.

A: HILLSBOROUGH CO.: Hillsborough River State Park, moist hammock forest along Hillsborough River, on bark of

aes vege Se

N of Tamiami Canal, N of Collier-Seminole S Park R lata! Schuster 44360 (Schuster

1980). Highlands Co.: Highla k, 6 mi W of Sebring, 28 Dec 1950, Schuster 20112 (NY). Hillsborough Co.:

Hillsborough State Park, Schuster 33915, did es Schuster aps ip is uva umi Forest, Juniper Creek, 2-3 mi below

Juniper Springs, Schuster 33391, 3339. of Homestead, 30 Dec 1953, Breen

l Park, Everglade Keys, Sect. 24 of I K eep hammock, Schuster 22021 (Schuster 1980). Monroe

Co.: 2 mi N of Tamiami on between Monroe Sta. and Ochopee, eas 422434 (Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Ronbinson

Springs, Rapp s.n (FLAS-B674

Cally

According to Thiers (in prep.) this variety extends from South Florida to Georgia and Louisiana, but is un-

known outside North America.

Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Nees & Mont.) R.M. Schust.

Euosmolejeunea duriuscula (Nees & Mont.) R.M. Schust.

— mua TE & "M ) » M

5 May 1972, Buch s.n. (NY); 3 mi E of Gainesville, bayhead, 24 Apr

1950, Redfearn 182 (FLAS); EIS Miu 27 Feb 1950, Redfearn 148 (FLAS); Gainesville, 1938, Murrill s.n. (Frye & Clark 1947). Bay

Co.: Breil (1970). Calhoun Co.: Breil (1970). C "e coa near sr Pinal, 14 Dec ee, mal 8927 o Clay Co.: Gold Head Branch

State Park, Schuster 37218 (Schuster 1980). Colli t over thin reddish, loose

bark, 19-21 Dec 1950, Schuster 20418 (NY); about 4 mi sw Monroe Station on “Loop Road,” “Gator Hook slough,” cypress swamp- -pond-

apple area and bordering pine with Lej , on fronds of Trichomanes holopterum, 5 Jun 1966, Long et al. 1688c Ut

75139). Columbia Co.: 2 mi W of Santa Fe River, i dia 1943, Breen 2130 (NY); Breil (1970). Dixie Co.: Breil (1970). Esc:

Gonzalez, lower bluff, ond River, at base of tree, 24 Nov 1951, Redfearn 2592 (N We Gad jeg = Apu E Lote foodplin al

Aspalaga Bluff on Liberty and Gadsden Co. line, on oak, 9 May 1967, Breil 1592 (NY); B Hendry Co-

Brown's Camp, Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation, 24 Jan 1952, Brass 21505A (NY). Hernando Co.: 3-4 mi NW of Brooksville,

Schuster 22061a, 22100b, 22110d (Schuster 1980). H ighlands Co.: Sebring, 1934, McFarlin 1157, 1165, 1167 1169, 1187, 1191, 1222, 1223, 1

(Frye & Clark 1947); Highlands Hammock State Park, near Sebring, over bark, 28 Dec 1950, Schuster 19954c (NY). Hillsboi pe

ecd ir "er State Park, Schuster 22862, 22859, 33910a, 33940a (Schuster 1980). Indian River Co.: S ti

itton NY). Jackson Co.: Florida Caverns State Park, near Chipola River, Schuster 44134b duse 1980); Breil (1970)

erson Co.: Waci head f Wacissa River, hammock, trunk of maple over water, 5 May 1967, Breil 1700 (NY); Breil (1970).

Co.: Eustis, Jan 1891, Underwood s.n. (NY). Leon Co.: Tallahassee. intersect f Gum Road and Capital Circle, Nyssa swa t base

Nyssa, 18 Jul 1967, Breil 1842 (NY); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Cedar Key, along State Road 24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, in swa

scrub, 1990-1992, Amoroso 685 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995); Waccassasa Bay Quad., Sec. 34, coastal hammock, on expos sed root of

Quercus virginiana, 11 Mar 1982, Griffin 379 (NY). Liberty Co.: T Talogia River swamp, 18 Sep 1938, s.c. 1009 (NY); along State Road 18, nes

Bristol, in ravine, 10 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1546 (FLAS- 1852); Rock Bluff, 10 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1446 (FLAS-1678),); Torreya State Park, oi

> B

€

mp and

Dauphi etal., Li + ikh ji Erlari d 789

Nov 1937, McFarlin 1483 (FLAS-1853); Torreya State Park, 10 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1468 (FLAS-1967). Breil (1970). Manatee Co.: Myakka

City, 21 Mar 1931, McFarlin 458 (FLAS-B1975). Marion Co.: Ocala National Forest, Silver Glen itid Schuster 42201 pedes 1980).

ES nu Co.: Hattie Bauer Hammock, 16 Mar 1915, Small & Vu 5120a (NY); Hattie Bauer Hammock near Model eb 19

E 192 (FLAS-B1693). Miami, on bark, with moss, Nov 1894, Small 23 (USF); Cuthbert Lake, 1916, Qu hes patie & Clark 1947);

Everglades National Park, Long Key pineland, Sec. 12 & 24, iiem 22022a, 22055, aed Peon 1980). Monroe en ¡Aedes

National Park, Wilderness Waterway; S of Cabbage Island, near Marker 28, | de, 6 May

1983, Lassiter & Lassiter 717 (USF); Flamingo- prise Sable, hammocks, 26 Nov 1916, Small 7812 (NY, Frye & Clark 1947). Orange Co.: Rock

Springs Park, 27 Jan 1947, Schallert s.n. (FLAS). Pasco Co.: Blanton, Underwood & Cook 135 (FLAS); Blanton, Feb 1891, Ubdeowod 225

(NY). Polk Co.: Clark's Pool near Lakeland, 18 Dec 1948, Sharp & Redfern s.n. (NY); Kissenger Springs, 15 Oct 1930, oe 16

(FLAS-B2024). Sarasota Co. Mret State Park, 31 Jul 1952, RM 2834 (NY). Seminole Co.: Sanford, 19 Apr 1913, di (NY, &

2 1947); Sanford, on bark, R pp 23 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, Spring 1936, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7125). Suwannee Co.: bus 1970).

.: S.C., $.n. (Breil 1970). Union Co.: Rt. 231 at bridge x ia cn? in sedi sob eu at ete ef oak, E Ein: 1907, Brel 1097 (NY);

$c, s.n. (Breil 1970). Wakulla Co.: fallen magnolia, 14 May 19 NY s.n. (Breil 19 mi W ,9 Jun

1949, Breen 2502 (NY); s.c., s.n. (Breil 1970). Washington Co.: s.c., s.n. (Breil 1970).

Additional speci d localities f | ties cited al ided by Schuster (1980).

E r

pee: trifaria (Reinw. et al) Mizut.

« Collier f at base of trees, 26 Dec 1952, Sch 26134 (NY).

This species is closely related to C. clausa (Thiers in prep).

eunea cardiocarpa (Mont.) Steph.

Cololejeunea jooriana (Austin) A. Evans pon Reiner-Drehwald (19942).

Leptocolea cardiocarpa (Mont.) A

olea jooriana ie A. Evans

Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Cla ld Head Branch State Parl Magnolia grandiflora, 7 Sep 1958, Smith s.n. (NY). Collier Co.:

Collier- ae eo dag tied iras mm o, 1 mi W of Miami-Dade Co. line & 3 mi S of M Station (Scl 1980). Columbia

Co.: Breil (197 h 1980). Highl ds Co.: Sebri Florida B l 1 opposite Record

House,l Feb 1940, McFarlin s.n. (FLAS): Highlands H k State Parl Sabal palmett 7 Jul pa Smith 17 (NY). Hillsborough Co.:

Hillsborough River State Park, on palm on in area of central pond, 1 Jun 1977, Mea s.n. (USF). Holmes Co.: Westville, on US 90, slash

pine forest, on Fired leon ind ped tree, a Esa de Pi eis a ae ns Si pio idi Ww M Aucilla, Rte. 98, Schuster 44189

(Schuster 1980); B 1980). Leon Co.: St. Augustine

Road, 4 Nov 1944, Breen 2367A (NY); Breil (1970). I N Park, S spe Schuster 44225f

Schuster 1980). ey Co.: Apalachicola River, Aium Bluff, Schuster 33527, 33536 ap 1980). Marion Co. la National Forest,

tines Rec , Area, ca. 5 mi W of FL 19 on US 40, hard d 10 Aug 1985, Buck 13196 (NY). Miami-

National Park, h k on Loveland Road, 5-6 mi W of Florida City (Schuster 1980); Paradise Key (Schuster i

ua mmock in Sect, 24, ens T mig "o ec shiver poe 3-4 mi NW of dicus E 2E: 36833, 36834a, 36801, 44467

ign 1980) Liberty Co.: ford, at Chase, Sanford

1980). Libe:

€. On Myrica, exposed roots, 8 May 1920, Rapp s.n. (FLAS); Sanford, on bark, Nov 1914, Rapp 27 (NY); Sanford, on shrubs, Rapp 5 (Haynes

9. Sanford 1918, Rapp 92 desc & ipis TEN nt at Tees s Ave., on Myrica, exposed roots, 8 MAY 1920, Rapp s.n.

( B6612); Seb bring, Fl H B 1940, McFarlin s.n. (FLAS-B1646). Volusia Co.: Oak Hill,

on living Citrus leaves, 10 Apr 1949, Knorr s.n. (NY). Wakulla Co.: Breil ce

Cololejeunea clavatopapillata Steph.

Aphanolej

pap ) M.E. Reiner

Aphanolejeu Enea tuberculata (A: Evans ROM. Sch

ejeunea cristallina H fide Reiner-Drehwald (1995b).

oe diet Nx fide 1 Pócs & Lücking (1997).

A. Evans, Bryologist 18:84. 1915. TYPE: FLORIDA. MIAMI-DADE Co.: on Nixon-Lewis Hammock, on leaves of

reed krausii, 16 Mar 1915, Small & Mosier 5250 (HOLOTYPE: NY), fide Reiner-Drehwald (1995b).

Creek E Creek “C?” Gainesville, Oct 1932, Little s.n. (FLAS); € 1939, McFarlin 1866 (Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 1980);

Gainesville, Oct 1932, Little s.n. (FLAS-B531). Hernando Co.: N side of —«— ad 50, 0.5 mi W of pais Co. saa on fronds of

peras petersii, alae 1990, al 616 eee Leon Co.: 4 mi W of Tallah Old Spanish T: Little 1933,

Ster leaves of I bsp. floridanum, 12 Jul 1915, Small et al. s.n

tros, Everglad Mod daa isses ok Rd floridanum 16 Oct 1962, Craighead s.n. (USF-255001);

ai on fronds Mi krausii, 31 EP 1916, Small 7411 (USF- 254995). Sumter Co.: 7 mi SE of Floral City, in ham-

on sides of rocks, on leaves of Tri floridanum, 2 Jan 1954, Garret s.n. (USF-254998); Indian Field Ledges

Wof NL. River off SR 48, hammock of interspersed flat limestone outcrops with overhead of oak association, on leaves of

n bsak als 522 EE " £T. PURO

790

Trick bsp. floridanum, 21 Sep 1963, Lakel MS a he ‘Rte. 50 Hammock,” ca. bp a north-

ward bend in | Rt 50, oak hammock, on fronds of Tri I g g 1985, Nauman et al. 1625a (USF-254996).

; “7 t inhvyll in i

Cololej l papill I piphy Florida

Cololej tiloba A. Evans, Amer. J. Bot. 5:131. 1918. Tyre: FLORIDA. SEMINOLE CO.: Sanford, 28 Sep 1913, Rapp

s.n.

iloba (A ns) R.M. Schust

Aladi Co.: S "hu£zirdi Roost” and Devil's Millhopper, NW of Gainesville, Schuster 33486a (Schuster 1980). Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Citrus

Co.: Pineola, limestone grottoes (Schuster 1980). Clay Co.: Gold Head Branc e State Pa am pencas] "ep agere Co.: m b

ighlands Co.: Highlands Hammock State Park, W of Sebring, Schuster

Park (Schuster 1980). Jefferson Co.: W of Aucilla Road, hammock forest, Schuster 44189, 44190 (Schuster 1980). Liberty Co.: Apila

River, Alum Bluff (Schuster eae Breil (1970). Marion - Hesi ha River, 4 mi E of Silver Springs, on Rte. 40, swamp, over bark on

Taxodium distichum, 21 Dec 1951, icu 22457 (NY "m de C sen pene N of Bel Schuster 33801pp (Schuster

1980). Seminole Co.: Big Tree County Park, ca Park, in d 23 Dec 1958, Schuster 42181a (NY); Sanford,

1918, Rapp 76 (Frye & Clark 1947).

Cololeieunea tissi (R.M. Schust.) Stotler & Crand -Stotl.

Aprenda cornutissima R.M. Schust.

hust., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 71:134. 1955; non A. evansii Herzog, 1942. TYPE: FLORIDA. MIAMI-DADE

Co: Mss, N of Bauer Drive, in limesink in deepest part of Timms Hammock, 27 Dec 1954, Schuster 33701 (HOLOTYPE: Hb.

ig oig ISOTYPES: PUKE. NICH

Cla ies 37207 (Schuster 1980). Hillsk h Co.: Hillst h Ri S Park, Schuster 33921

Prena 1980). Miami-Dade Co.: H ead, N of Bauer Drive, over leaf of Tectariar minima, in limesink, T imms Hammock, 27 Dec 1954,

deer 33702 usi P: Everglade Key, Everglades National e fd Key so bios eremo): iei Everglade Key,

1, Sec. 24, in hammock. S Bi County Par ark, 3

miN ‘of Fern Park, Schuster 42161a, 42156, 42184 (Schuster 1980); Sanford, St. Hammock, Nov 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS- B7376, e evansi).

Cololejeunea diaphana A. Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:184. 1905. tyre: t FLORIDA, MIAMI-DADE C en near the

Homestead Road, between Cutler and Longview Camp, 9-12 Nov 1903, Small & Carter

NY).

Aph lej liapl (A. Evans) R.M. Sch H

cristulata (R.M. Schust.) R.M ^w

Aphanolejeunea subdiaphana (Ast) Pécs

cristulata (R.M. Schust.) Pécs

Coiolejeunea daphné var. cristulata R.M. Schust., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 72:112. 1956. Type: FLORIDA. LAKE CO.: Alexander

Miami, in hammocks near the Homestead Trail, between Cutler and Camp Longview, Small & Carter 1365 pp. (fide

Pócs & Licking 199

Cololejeunea E buds

fido DA Cn 1 NAAN

a Co.: Gainesville, Nelson & Little s.n. (Schuster 1980). Clay Co.: Gold Head Branch State Park, Schuster 31404, 31407, 37027b

Schuster 1956, ee T Co.: + Collier Seninole State Park, 1 mi N of Tamiami Canal, low, wet PU ang Schuster 44378 (Schuster

on Trich i, 10 Ap r 1936. St Johnetal s.n. (NY); eliga a Hammoc ck (Schuster

Highlands Co.: Sebring, 1939, eae s.n. aO E Clark xp n PNE = aay WwW da pie Fic An

a 1956); Sebring, McFarlin s.n. (Schuster 1956) n, Sebring; O

Gordonia, 2/1/40, McFarlin s.n. (FLAS- o Highlands Hammock State Park, Sebring, 5 Jul 1939, McFarlin “A” (FLAS- 96

Hillsborough Co.: Hillsborough River State park, 28 Jan 1957, s.c. 28 as Leon kie Tallahassee, — mee on wood, 3 Oct 1,

Breen 2591 (NY). Liberty Co.: Apalachicola River, Alum Bluff id 0). Marion Co. 3-4™!

below sass i Ses SOS em bann ga Forest, Schuster 33450, 33396 dunes 1956); Juniper Springs, Ocala National

Forest , saper Ted on jan k of mers nigra, and 3-4 mi below Juniper ipo

along Juniper Creek oer 1980). Miami-Dade C. ] Camp, in here 9-12 Nov

— Carter 1370 ( B H k, Everglade Key, 18 Mar 1915, Small € J Mosier 600. 6003 (NY); ca. 3 fHome®

F k, original h l ixed subtropical hardwoods, numerous sinkholes, on fronds of EE krausii, 26 Jon

1966, Long et al. 1926a (USF); between Cutler and Longview Camp, Small & Carter 1370 (Evans 1905); Mathesson Hammock ge

[c]

£2

£z

zz]

—

bea!

—

(FLAS- B6611 .

Dauphin etal., Li it ts of Florid 791

E minuscula Pócs

ta R.M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:1310. 1980. TYPE: FLORIDA. HIGHLANDS CO.: W of Sebring, Highlands

' Büminock State Park, 9 Jan 1976, Schuster 76-319 (NY).

Highlands Co.: Schuster 44278a, 33277, 44284 (Schuster 1980).

Tl ies isl f Florida and Peru (Pócs & B ker 2009). Schuster (1980) cited several collections

from the type locality of A. minuta.

Colkjennea: Node (Sm.) ep € minutissima

r 1972, Buck s.n. (NY). B d Co.: Melb along Bluff Walk, Indian River, 24

Dec 1953, Breen s.n. (NY). Collier Co: Naples, 1934, se & Grout 1046 (Frye & Clark 1947). Escambia Co.: Santa Rosa National

E McFarlin FF 1999 (Frye & z 1947). G .: Ortona Sors i of e T lmi p of CR m PAROS scrub di-

k, 6 Mar 2009, Buck ERN Y) e haa S r Sebring, subtropi-

cal labores 11 Ang 1985, Thiers 3167 dern Lake Istokpoga, McFarlin 1354, 1366 (Frye & Clark 1947). cece Co.: Hillsborough

River State Park, 21 Jan 1960 mn 23 (NY). Jackson Co.: Black SEHE E ca. 1 mi W of FL 167, ca. 6 mi SW of Marianna, swamp forest, 3

Dec 1988, Buck 16660 (NY). Lake Co.: Eldorado, Jan-Apr 1891, U 0 (NY) wer Co.: Game's woods, on live oak, 9 Aug 1944,

Breen 2319 (NY); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Cedar Key, al S Road 24, Cedar H in scrub, 1990-1992, Amoroso 1113

(FLAS, Amoroso iom € — Co.: = q Underwood s.n. ee Marion "ue — oo Forest, Alexander dms

(Schuster 1980). M

and base of tree, 24 Dec 1951, Sci 22558 wis deii ha Road, 4 mi E of Silver Spri k forest 5-6 mi W of Florida City, on

Loveland Road, Schuster 22561h, 22677, 22758a (Scl 1980). Palm Beach Co.: Lal iii, 14 Mar 1891, Underwood 2175 (NY). Pinellas

Co.: Dunedin, 23 Apr 1954, Earle ies Ste o e hippie ihe near Papas ce of oak tree, 18 Dec 1948, Sharp s.n. (NY). Saint

Johns Co.: St. Augustine, Jan-Apr 18 bark, Nov 1914, Rapp 16 (NY); — on trunk of orange,

Rapp 15 (Haynes 1915, vsu cn m Taylor Co.: along Econfina River at US 98, palms, oaks cyp , on cy-

press, 24 Nov 1967, Breil 2140 (NY). Volusi ge City, Blue Spring State park, along hiking trail, pi vods grading into live oak

forest, 9 Dec 1988, Buck 16849 (NY).

Cololej inutissi bsp. myriocarpa a (Nees & z Mont.) R. M. Schust.

Columbia Co. : Breil (1970). Gilchrist Co.: Breil (1970). Hi g Environmental Center, T32S, R18E, Sec. 28, on

Quercus vi i 11 k,! i ixed g d, 13 Aug 1982, Lassiter & Lassiter 856 (USF); Hillsborough River

an Schuster 33909b, 33908c (Schuste r 1955): Coch h Bay Envi 1 Center, in mangrove, on Q irgini Sabal pal-

metto, g , Lag Schi benthifolia, Juniperus silicicola [J. virginiana], living and dead Conocarpus

erectus and TAN 5 1 1986). J 1 Ca Deal (1070) Taf, y Ca Beoil (1070) T Ca - Beeil (10708 E

Rattlesnake Kew ; » uri gea I 1 10 RS (Fo Geral 1 1086 + Madira Rickel M. AS

Mangrove k (Te Stral 1. 1986). Miami-Dade C National Park, Everglade Key, Sec. 24 of Long Key pineland,

Schuster 22029b (Schuster 1955c); Paradise Key, Schuster 22586 Schuster ack N a Dim puo Bauer Drive, Timms Hammock, Schuster

ae «Só a Te d Lir Co. Line, along Rte. 94, Schuste c , 31759a, 31761 rien 1955). Taylor Co.: flood-

, on young Taxodium in patches, 5 May 1967, Breil 1690 (NY); Breil (1970). Wakulla Co.: Breil

jee ornata A. Evans

Alachua Co.: “Buzzard's Io. 7-8 mi W of Gainesville, NE 33348a pp (Scl 1980). Citrus Co.: Pineola, lime sinks, Schuster

37224 Eun 1980). Jac : Chipola River liff, 27 Mar 1927, Kurz & Kennedy 145 (Evans 1938); 8 mi NW

Of Marianna, Dothan Hi VR 5 Feb 1938, Kurz 269 ius 1938); Breil (1970). Without Co.: Evans (1938); Frye & Clark (1947).

Cololejeunea setiloba A. Evans, ioi am 16:51. 1913. Type: FLORIDA. SEMINOLE CO.: Sanford, 10 May 1912, Rapp 27.

Co.: O'Leno State Park, near Santa Fe River, Schuster 37289 (Schuster 1980). Gadsden Co. SR 268 at Little River floodplain, 4 mi

Wof Midway, on rotten log, 9 Mar 1967, Breil 1581 ME Breil (1970). Hardy Co.: NE of | Aena n. AR rere >

Co: Highlands H Hammock State Park, N edge, W of Sebring, Schuster 44281e (Schuster 1980). I

o LM ard Nature Trail, hardwoods in low-lying areas, on Taxodium, 4 Dec 1952, Buck 22665 (NY). Sciniuole Co.: on bei of Ilex tales

Es 1912, Rapp 27 (NY); Sanford, on tree trunks, Rapp 27, 59 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 1980). Wakulla Co.: Breil

n i folia (Gottsche) Pócs & Bern.-Lück.

Seminole Co.: Sanford, 1918, Rapp 69 (Evans 1913, Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, Nov 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B5335).

Cololejeunea sintenisii (Steph.) Pócs

792 i as 5(2)

Aphanol pl ides R.M. Schust J Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc aide bk «ie s dora CLAY es * Gold Head Beine

ig inravine, kof 9 if ia, 31 Dec 1953, S

Coena remos (R.M. 1 Schus ) Stotler & Crand.-Stotl.

in ravine, over bim of ar —— 31 d dte Schuster & Schuster 31407 (paratype of A.

Ti Sabal palm, 10 Jan 1980, Breil 5092 (NY).

K pra ey S 22590a ( ype of A. verrucosa, Schuster 1955). Seminole Co.: Big Tree County

Park, 3 mi N of Fern Hite cies 42161, 42163 (Schuster 1980).

lay

y Hu

verrucosa, pened 1955

Cololejeunea subcristata A. Evans, Bryologist 20:24. 1917. tyre: FLORIDA. MiamMI-DADE CO.: Hattie Bauer Hammock, on

fronds of Tectaria minima [T. fimbriata], 18 Mar 1915, Small & Mosier 5327 (HOLOTYPE: NY)

Hillsborough Co.: Hillsborough River State Park, rapids area, 21 Jan 1960, Johnston 7A (NY). Miami-Dade Co.: Hattie Bauer Hammock,

Everglade keys, on fronds of Tectaria minima [T. fimbriata], 18 Mar Ses: — & Mossier 5327 T on fronds he inne Wee

Costello Hammock near Silver Palm, 4 Feb 1939, McFarlin 1742 (FLA isis

Mar 1915, Small & Mosier 6008 (Evans 1917, Schuster 1980); Mar 1915, Mc Farlin 1914 (Frye & Clark 1947).

Schuster (1980) reported this species based on a series of specimens from Miami-Dade Co. He considered it

rare and in danger of extinction due to real estate developments. A further specimen from the Bahamas

Archipelago (Reese 11772) is held at MO (not seen).

Diplasiolejeunea rudolphiana Steph.

Collier Co.: Ten Thousand Islands, Swall 7553 (NY, Reyes 1982). Hillsborough Co.: Keating 29 (NY, Reyes 1982); Johnson 27 (NY, Reyes

1982). — Co.: Johnson 17 (NY, Reyes 1982). Lake Co.: Ocala National Forest, S of Astor Park, Alexander Springs (Schuster 1980).

Marion Ocala jm FANS M mi below Juniper Springs (Schuster 1980). Miami-Dade Co.: Miami, Everglades, Swall 5267 (NY,

Reyes 1982). Seminole C p.191 Rapp 68 MS 1915, Frye & Clark 1947); Rapp 682 (NY, Reyes

1982); Sanford, 1 Dec 1931, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7360); Sanford, R n young oak, Apr 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6942).

Schuster (1980) stated that the report from Marion Co. is tl th t station for the genus. He also pro-

- s 1 Jo E x eRe xh.

Drepanolejeunea : mosenii ¡pr ) uam

n. l RM Sch Elicha M

ll Sci. Soc. 83: 215. 1967. TYPE: FLORIDA. M Co.: Ocala National Forest,

Tari Springs, Scl 22093 (hol F, fide R -Drehwald 1995a)

Clay Co: G h k, in ravine Schiele 31461, 37203b (Schuster 1980). Marion Co.: Ocala National Forest, Juniper Creek,

3- 4 mi below Juniper Springs, Schuster 33446d (Schuster 1980); Juniper Springs, Schuster 22093, 31913a, 31919, 31927, 31936a (Schuster

1980).

Frullanoides bahamensis (A. Evans) van Slageren

SEEK bahamensis A. Evans

Collier Co.: Everglades, 2-3 mi N of Tamiami Trail, between Ochopee and Monroe Station, on Taxodium in swamp, Schuster 42094, 42096

(Schuster 1980). Monroe Co.: Big Pine Key, Schuster 51748 (G, Gradstein 1994); Schuster 42083 (S, Schuster 1980, Gradstein 1994).

Old Rhodes Key, Nov 1901, Small & Nash 464 (Evans 1911a, 1911b); Madeira Bay, 1916, Small 7557 (FH, NY, YU, Frye €

1947, eoe 1994).

Clark

Frullancides corticalis ge & Lindenb) van Slageren

Lee Co.: Sanibel Island, Point Ybel, T46S, R23E, Sec. 21. on Conoc Sar hie Copan Be | k. 22 Mar 1980, Lassiter

& Lassiter 490 (USF). Miami-Dade Co.: Everglades National Park, West I ket i alk, 1 Cond left of boardwalk en-

i h af Miami. 1904, Britton 35

trance, on Conocarpus erectus at 3 ft. height, 8 Feb 1982, 1 'r 597 (USF): Brickell 1

] Park,

(Frye & Clark 1947); Brogdon Hammock, 1915, Small & Maas 6227 17 rye & Clark 1947). Monroe Co.: Fverglades Nationa

Wilderness idealo , Tarpon Creek near Tarpon Bay, on Rhizophora mangle, 6 May 1983, Lassiter & Lassiter 2237 (USF). Palm

Lake Worth, 1891, Underwood 2178 (Frye & Clark 1947). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on trunk of live oak, Rapp 38 (Haynes 1915).

Harpalejeunea molleri (Steph.) Grolle

Harpalejeunea ovata (Hook.) Schiffn. subsp. integra R.M. Schust., fide Grolle and Reiner-Drehwald (1999).

Liberty Co.: Apalachicola National Forest, near entrance to Camel Lake Recreation Area (Breil 1970, Schuster 1980); John

Swamp, 8 mi S of Bristol (Schuster 1980).

sons J uniper

Harpalejeunea stricta (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph.

Dauphin et al, Li ! hornworts of Florid 793

Miami-Dade Co.: Everglades National Park, SW of ip of Long Pine Key, Mahogany H k, Schuster 37321 (Schuster 1980).

j N

Lejeunea caespitosa sensu Schuster, fide Thiers (in prep.).

hag eee Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 747. 1915, pd iat ipia

$ on bark of trees, 1917. , Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, on bark, Jul 1920, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6956).

aphanes Spruc

Mee fines Sprit. fide phi -Verwimp & Reiner-Drehwald (2009).

Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 25:6. 1962. TYPE: FLORIDA. HIGHLANDS Co.: Highlands H ks Park, W of

i Sibring, Pres sinned - Dec 1959, ee — Reiner-Drehwald 2000).

Citrus Co.: Pineola A Highlan ds Co.: The Type.

Reiner-Drehwald (2000) placed L. autoica under synonymy but did not examine the type.

j bermudiana (A. Evans) R.M. Schust.

Crossotolejeunea bermudiana A. Evans

Lejeunea bermudiana ssp. bermudiana, fide Reiner-Drehwald & Goda (2000).

LM microgyna (R.M. Schust.) R.M. Schust., J. Hattori Bot, Lab. 72:274. 1992, Nom. Inval. Art. 36.1; L. bermudiana ssp. microgyna

. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. North. Amer. nro ms. Nom. an , Art. 36.1. Original material. USA. Florida: Lake Co., Alexander

"a Schuster 31

Co.: G , Gainesville, Dec 1932, Little s.n. (FLAS- Pa Devil's Miihopper! hi of giis lime sink, Schuster eas

33497a "cmd 3780) furi Roost,” 6 mi W of Gainesville, r 33349, 33359a, 33388a,

(Schuster 1980). G prings, ca. 22 mi N of A: Redfarm 1 o Samer 1980, rica Bluff on ee:

River, Schuster 33332 l 1980); Breil (1970). J of Marianna, Schuster 44130a, 44131a, 44136

(Schuster 1980); Breil (1970). Lake C. la N lF Al 1 ings, Sc huster 31410a, 31510a, 31512 (Schuster 1980). Liberty

Co.: Torreya State Park, Rock Creek, Shay 44086, 44086a RIS 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Jun 1918, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-

B7362) E Jk IS aide s.m. dae posue on young tree in swamp, Rapp s seus 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Benen Dreliwald

E of Newport , Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980). W;

Co.: Breil 5 sed

Reinet-Drehwald and Goda (2000) did not see the type as they put the species into synonymy. They assert

however, that specimens need to be examined in order to confirm the existence of two different taxa.

E" cedem R.M. irene eL Elisha Mitchell Set. Soc. 13: 404. — TYPE: seine a Co.: near

l Schuster

Aspalag: a Blu

E mi N of Tallahassee, *Buzzard's Roost,” Schuster 33348 (Schuster 1957, 1980). Gadsden Co.: ca. 7 mi W of Gainesville,

Pronto aaa Re T 1255 (Schuster 1957, 1980); Florida Caverns State Park, near Chipola River, Schuster 44150a (Schuster 1980)

Jackson Co, s N of Marianna, 8 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1397, 1399 (FL i Breil (1970). Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park, Rock Bluff on

Con Pbi bites 44032, 44033, 44039, 44081 (Schuster 1980); Breil (1970).

Originally described from Florida, this species has been reported also from Dale Co. in Alabama by Breil

(1970) and Schuster (1980).

cellata Nees & Mont

sed iquat (R.M. Schust.) R.M. Schust

RM. Schust ‘lisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 81:37. 1965. TYPE: FLORIDA. MIAMI-DADE CO.: NW of Homestead, W

of Richard Road N of Kines 8 Redlands H k. 25 Dec 1958. pps s fi Pe m Lehi

ve ) pra vase ian

"i of C peer SMC State DON 0.5-1.0 mi N of Tamiami Canal, low

huster in Miami-Dade Co.: N of Homestead, Timms Hammock, Bauer Dr.,

195], Schuster 22853 sata 1980); Everglades National Park, RE 19928a, 20151, 20158, 20175, 22857 (Schuster 1980): NW of

Homestead. Redlands Hammock, Schuster 42251 (Schuster 1980).

Lejennea clad a A. Evans, Amer. J. Bot. 5:134. 1918. Tyre: FLORIDA. SEMINOLE CO.: Sanford, Rapp 64 (US).

ana Co: Mill Hopper, Gainesville, Dec1932, Little s.n. (FLAS-B563). quim 1916, — 104 —— jes — seg —

1900. Citrus Co,

n f >

1 E , n 28 Dec

t 989, 9, (Frye & Clark 1947). Columbia C oe i nes

(1070 H

"d : 3 mi E of Floral City on Fowler's Island, R20E, 1205, Sec.

k 3 Apr 1980, Lassiter et al. 409 (USF). Collier Co.: Lake Trafiord, - wpe

» Park, on Santa Fe River, N of High Springs (Schuster 1980). G

huster 1980). Highlands Co: Lake Istokpoga, in hammock, 2 Aug 1937, McFarlin 1348 (FLAS-B1921).Lake isolicak in hammock, 2

794 i A NM a d EAM "EN : £T

Aug 1937, McFarlin 1348 (FLAS); Sebring, 1934, McFarlin 1200 (Frye & Clark 1947). Hillsborough Co.: near US 41, Bullfrog Creek, T305,

RI9E, Sec. 26, on vid bank " lime "i in intertidal area,13 Me NA Merner 5-4 RES Cockroach Maid Environmental Center, in man-

grove 1. 1986). Jeff ibel Isl T465, R22E, Sec. 7, on Fugenia

laris in tropical AECI 22 Mas M sapii & Lassiter iia TE —MÜ Austin s.n. (Evans 1918). Leon Co.: Breil peso

-1992, pitt 561 pin nie & AR B

vy Co.: N of Ced K Kev S inscru

Liberty Co. : Apalachicola River, canes Bluff, debat 33471, 33532 (Schuster 1980). M

May 1980, Sauleda et al. 3 onor's Hwy, near Port Myatt 24 oe 1938, dat sige T Miami-Dade

Co.: Costell Silver Palm, bark of trees 4Feb 1939, McFarlin 1745 (FLAS)

just SE of Long Key pineland (Schuster 1980). Polk Co.: High Hammock near Fort Meade, on old log, 6 Jan 1939, McFarlin 1732 (FLAS):

— pp near ing a 1980). Putnam Co.: 1 mi N of Orange Springs, Schuster 42210, 42211a, 42215 (Schuster 1980).

1, on logs, Rapp s.n. (FLAS); Sanford, 1906-1913, Rapp 6, 19, 64a, 64b, 69 (Evans 1918, Frye &

Clark 1947). Wakulla Co: Breil (1970).

Lejeunea deplanata Nees

Lejeunea maxonii (A. Evans) Xiao L. He

REO Rca maxonii A. Evans, fide Reiner-Drehwald (2010).

916, Nelson 79, 92 (Evans 1918). B y Co.: Breil (1970). Jach Co.: Breil (1970). Jeff Co.: Breil (1970)

Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of y g Road 24, C > R ,in swamp, 1990-1992, Amoroso 685 (FLAS,

Amoroso & Judd 1995). Liberty Co.: Apalachicola Ri Alum Bluff, Schuster E 33532 (Schuster S S Co.: In coastal ham-

mock on rotting wood, 29 May 1980 Sauleda et al. 3589 (USF); H g Conor's Hwy, y pr 1938, McFarlin

1592 (FLAS- res - pp erro Co.: AB eap rca near Silver dea on bark of trees, 4 Feb 1939, McFarlin 1748

(FLAS-B1736). P. H Fort Meade, on old log, 6 Jan 1939, McFarlin

1732 (FLAS-B1923). Pulsa Co.: 1 mi N of Orange Springs, Schuster #2210, bres la, jeg Moped 1980). Taylor Co.: s.c., s.n. (Breil

1970).). Semi Co.: Sanford, 7 Oct 1930, Rapp s.n. (FLAS); Sanford, Rol E Sanford, Apr 1917, Rapp 87 (Evans 1918,

Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, on logs, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B5119). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970), Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

sis flava (5w) Dio

nd. Pee fTOSm Ec 19

As T O ee ER

1 Ei 20 Jan 1933, penn (FLAS-B564). Baker Co.: Breil (1970). B y Co. : Breil (1970). Citrus

Co.: 3 mi E of Floral City on Fowler's Island, T205, R20E, Sec. 12, common in geta as 3 ET 1980, Lassiter el tal 341 pesen Collier

jack bi NE 1934, Meli id Nod 987 dubie E RE 1947) x : Breil (1970).

do C 2 mi Wap Brooksville, THs- RI9E, Sec. 10, onr S. iow

iind 15 Nov 1960, Lassiter & Lassiter 509 (USF). Highlands Co.: Highlands 1 Sebring, 1934, McFarlin 1202 (Frye & Clark

1947) lill T275, R20E, Sec. 26, SE 1/4, on cypress in riverine swamp, 3 May

1980, Lassiter & Crewe 454 Aen Holmes Co.: en di Jackson Co.: Breil 9. Sellers Co.: Breil asm. Lafayette Co.: Breil

(1970). Leon C “lark 1947): B Levy Co.: N of C State Road

24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, in cypress oo 1990-1992, Amoroso 538, 555, 561, 1105 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995). Manatee Co:

Manatee, 20 Mar 1931, McFarlin 399 (FLAS-B1926). Marti g wood, 29 May 1980, Sauleda et al. 3586

(USF). Miami-Dade Co.: Miami, on bark, Nov 1904, Small 16 (USF); Key Largo, 1 Mar 1931, McFarlin 523 (FLAS-B1954, 2804); Timm’)

Timms Hammock near pee Palm, 24 Feb 1940, McFarlin 1968 ido B886, 1734). PES Co.: Everglades National Park, Wilderness

Waterway; S of Cabbage Island, near Marker 28, at base of s 1 Riizop} 1983, Lassiter & Lassiter 725 (USE). Polk

Co.: Lakeland, 29 Oct 1930, McFarlin 35 (FLAS-B1929); Lake Rosalie, 8 Apr 1931, McFarlin pa (FLAS-B1927). St JOA St. Augustine,

1924, Haynes 2166 (Frye & Clark 1947); St. Augustine, roots of live oak, 14 Jan 1924, Haynes 2166 (FLAS-B5446).Seminole Co.: Sanford, on

tree, near base and on roots, Rapp 18 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947); Sanlando Springs, 1 Jan 1947, Schallert 11166 (FLAS-B7830)

Sanford, Dec 1913, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B5188). Suwannee Co.: Breil (1970). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Union Co.: Breil (1970). Wak

Breil (1970). Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

Lejeunea floridana A. Evans, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 32:185. 1905. Tvre: FLORIDA. MIAMI-DADE Co: near Homestead

Road, between Cutler and Longview Camp, 9-12 Nov 1903, Small & Carter 1355 (HOLOTYPE: NY).

Alachua Co.: Kingsley's Lake, Gainesville, Feb1933, Little s.n. (FLAS-B565). Citrus Co.: 3 mi E of Floral City on Fowler's Island, R20E,

1205, Sec, 12, on soil in low hammock, 19 Jul 1981, Lassiter & Lassiter 366 (USF), Clay Co.: Gold Head Branch State Park, Schuster 3720,

37211, 37212a, 37213 (Schuster 1980). Gadsden Co.: Glen Julia, Breen 2258 (Schuster 1980): Breil (1970). Gilchrist Co.: Breil (1970)

Highlands Co.: Highlands Hammock State Park, W of Sebring, Schuster 44285, 44275d (Schuster 1980). Hillsborough Co.: Lithia shi

17 Mar 1969, Merner s.n. (USF). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Levy Co.: Manatee Springs State Park, Suwannee River near Chiefland, Schuster

44246 (Schuster 1980). Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park, Rock Creek, Schuster 44086 (Schuster 1980). Marion Co.: Ocala, Scott's ae "

1891, de cp — Map ies & Cook E (distributed under Kantia aquatica Underw., see excluded and doubious taxa FLAS-B559.

The Iype. Poll , 22 Jan 1931, McFarlin 171 (FLAS-B889), Highlands Pool near Lakela nd, Dec 1948, Su

s.n. (Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on palm logs in hammock, Mar 1912, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B5134), logs in hammock, Rapp 1

(Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 1980). Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

Daunhin et al., Li it ts of Florid 795

Qee. d

Restricted to southern Florida, southern Alabama and the West Indies (Schuster 1980).

ucescens Gottsche

Lejeunea glaucescens var. obsoleta R.M. Meer J: IO aei Sci. -e 73:395. e TYPE: eri MIAMI-DADE CO.: S of Coral

Gables, Old Cutler Road, Matl g shaded log, 27 Dec 1954, Schuster 33860.

M at (in p ).

Collier Co Cypress Swamp, W of Deep Lake, 15 Apr 1934, McFarlin & Grout 1038, -— —€— B1917, eni Deer Lake in Collier

County, t Rack & = T > rye € nid THE ent dms "—— (1970). H h Co.: Tampa Bay, Big Cockroach

Mound, S of Cockroach Bay Roa gara, at base idi mound e Jun 1983, Lassiter &

Lassiter 820 (USF). Jackson Co.: pns 1970). Levy Co.: N of sa pte bie imi State Road 24 24, Cedar Key S in swamp, 1990—

1992, Amoroso i Judi 1100 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd dn severe National Park, E P a Long Pine Key,

ji (R k), Schuster 36812, 36822a (Sct 1980). S on logs, Rap} aynes 1915, Frye

& Clark 1947) Betiord, on logs, Nov 1925, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6644).

etevirens Nees & Mon

Microlejeunea que: (Nees pm nhe 2) A, To

Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Cla Gold Park, on old oak bark, 14 May ni e (USF). Collier Co.: ca. 4 mi SW of

Monroe Station on “Loop Road: ” “Gator Hook slough,” cypress swamp-pond ladeland, on fronds of Trichomanes

D 5 Jun 1966, Long et al. 1688c (USF); Royal Palm Hammock, 14 14 Apr 1934 Grout ui McFarlin 1071a (FLAS-B1976).); Royal Palm

k, 1934, Grout & MacFarlin 1071a (Frye & Clark 1947). C Breil (1970). Gadsden Co.: Breil

E Glew C Co.: Breil (1970). Highlands Co.: Highland — near Sebring! 1934, veis "me don & Clark 1947).

imd ids Envi | Center, oe BE, Sec. 28, on — A g l AL Ape

1980, Lassiter et al. 390 (USF); C hB i in mangrove ilicicola [J. virginiana], Q

Avicennia fs vir ifii a FIN Stake et sh vise mb - (Dots N iof — 8 ding 1937, — 1410, 1409

985). J (19 $

peus y

l Island, Point Ybel, T465, R23E, Sec. 21, on live A heavi bed 1i k, 22 Mar eia

Lassiter & baies 349 (USP). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Co.: N of C ars = dm State Road En Cedar Key Scrub R in scrub,

1990-1992, Amoroso 561, 684, 685, 937, 1099 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 19 yeas Co.: Bishop’s Harbor Road

05miS of Bishop's Harbor, on Quercus ne 26 Nov 1983, Lassiter 7781 USF); Madira Bickel Mound, in mangrove, on dead

(Te Strake et al. 1986); M. Myakka City, 21 Mar 1931, McFarlin 458 (FLAS: B1973). Marlon Co.: Ocala National Forest, Juniper Springs

(Schuster 1980). SEUES Co.: kisut Hammock, 1940, Mera sia me & TE diit Monroe Co.: Everglades Wu sinis

7 and Ro Rowdy " k, 7 Feb 1982,I & Lassiter 596

(USF); Cape Sable, 1934, MacFarln 1346 (Frye & Clark 1947), Orange Co: Rock Springs Park, 27 Tha 1947, Schallert sn. (FLAS). Pinellas

Co.: Maximo Park, Pi on leeward side, 11 Dec er & Lassiter 661 (USF), Polk

Co.: Fort m Peace River swamp, s.c., s.n. Selatan 1980); ici Springs, 15 Oct 1930, McFarlin 20 (FLAS-B1978). Taylor Co.: Breil

(1970). Seminole Co.: between Sanford and Upsala, on bark, 28 Aug 1918, Rapp s.n. (FLAS); Sanford, on bark of various trees, Rapp 15

(Haynes 1915). Volusia Co.: Orange City (Schuster 1980). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970). Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

Shuster (1980) provided additional localities (without specimen citations) from the counties cited above.

eunea minutiloba A. Evan

Alachua Co.: ca, ara “sands Roo (Schuster 1980). C Co.: 3 mi E of Floral Ci Fowler's Island, T205, R20E,

See. 12, ond i h k, 3 Apr 1980, Lassiter et al. 407 (1 ISF) DeSoto Co.: Bay Hammock, 5

miN E [Arcadia (Schuster 1980) Hillsborough Co.: Tampa Bay, Big Cockroach Mound, $ of Cockroach Bay Road, on rotting wood in thin

g d, 10 Jun 1983 pma & PRAE nom Papin i Environmental Center, in

E. on Juni Tot [J. virginiana 086) de Co.: Miami, Vizcaya, small co! cordi on

large LU RI E g fringe | nd 100 feet from bay, 15 agy ss cuca & Lassiter 2164 (US

pe National Park, Wilderness W. y. Sof Chicken: | | at ei

slender Burse simaruba near water, 6 May 1983, Lassiter et y 844 (USF). Seminole Co.: Big Tree Park, 3 mi N of Fern Park, Schuster 42153,

2155 Bu. , 42184 (Schuster 1980).

lejeunea minutiloba var. pus jp RM etd , J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 73:425. 1957. Type: FLORIDA.

MIAMI-DADE CO.: 5-6 m n Loveland Road, 1951, Schuster 22702.

iDade Co.: Everglades Medis Park, dh Keys, I g K pineland, ck in Sect. 24, Schuster 22023 (Schuster 1980).

: obtusangula Spruce

x, lgeunca erosifolia Steph., fide Sch 0).

àxilejeuneg obtusangula (Spruce) A. Evans, fide Thiers (in prep.

1 B A ut b. Das : 1D Lt el £T.

796 55(2)

chua Co.: Devil's Millhopper, moist enon 29 Apr 1972, Buck s.n. (NY); Devil’s Millhopper, NW of Gainesville, Schuster 33478,

33481, 33486, 33497 (Schuster 1980). Collier Co.: Big Cypress Swamp near Deep Lake, 1935, McFarlin 992, 1173 (Frye & Clark 1947);

McFarlin & Grout 993, 994, 1045 (Frye & dE 1947); N of Tamiami Canal, N of Collier-Seminole State Park, low wet hammock, in n cypress-

tend pi area, cusses — cupid pies em dn e" — State Park, Santa Fe River, Schuster 32279 (Schuster 1980),

i W of Wikia over ics 26 ni: s Shin 19939 (NY);

Highlands Hammock State inch W = a Schuster 4 TH 44279 disci 1980) g, 1935, McFarlin

1161, 1163, 1168 (Frye & Clar Parl jo area, atk f largi bark, 21 Jan 1

mL AFA (RT 11: LD: c 252.9 eae n es ^T 1980) T1 qe n (1059) Mi 5 Mala > Lu

& Clark 1947). Deer Co.: Re dfearn (1952). Polk Co.: Nalcrest, W of the canal to the Lake, low pineland, on grapevine, 26 in 198,

Wheeler s.n. (NY); Nalcrest, Walter Heiler Dem “a ca. 150 ft. E of canal to lake, on ir Nd in woods: 26 Feb 1989, Wheeler s.n.

(NY). Seminole Co.: Big Tree County Park, ca. 3 mi N k, on base of Taxodium, , 23 Dec 1958, Schuster

hui (NY, at 1980); Big Tree County se on cabbage palmetto, 30 Aug 1941, Breen 1899 (NY): Big Tree County Park, ca. 3 mi N of

n Park, Schuster 42187a, 42179, 42162 (Schuster 1980); Sanford, Tape Monk on ME palea A Mar 1934, S Peppe s.n. ibo: aii a

Calas uc det. B. Thiers); Sanford, Nov 1920?, "s n. bag:

ns Dec p 70 (NY, Schuster 1980, Haynes 1915). W ide of St. Mark's Biss! S of Newpor

agnolia Petits Mà Mar 1927, Kurz 101 (NY, Mp 1980); E side of Wakulla River, S of US 98, on bir at base of Taxodium, 5 May

Po Breil 1681 (NY, Breil 1970, Schuster 1980). Without Co.: 1877, Donnell Smith s.n. (NY, Schuster 1980).

-jeunea phyllobola Nees & Mont.

esa arg (Nees & Mont.) Schiffn.

Lej etin ae (A. Evans) Grolle

Rec unea bie niae A. Evans, fide Reiner- Shawn (2000)

terme phyllobola (Nees & M

Alachua Co.: Creek C, Gainesville, Dec 1932, = n. (FLAS-B612). Collier C 12.5-3 mi N of Monroe Co. line, on Rte. 94,

Tes Poner on Ficus aurea, — — "m m Escambia Co.: ifii; 1935, Frye s.n. (Frye & Clark 1947). Gadsden Co:

n As dges, Schuster 33322 (Schuster 1980). Highlands Co.: in low hammock on Lake

¡ect 2 Aug 1937, McFarlin 1356 (FLAS- B1969); Highlands t Hammock, W of Sebring, MENS iine: dier 1990) Lake Co.: 5 ol

Astor Park, Alexander Springs, Schuster 31511 wrens 1900. Miet y Co: T I rare (Breil 1970).

M Dade Drive, NW of H k, Schuster 22856b 33701c, 33701h (Scl T epee nee oe

Park, Palma Vista Hammock, NW of Paradise Key, pu! 19901, 22784 (S Co.: Big Pi quadra:

76-500, 76-502 (Schuster 1980). le Co.: S barl 3 (Haynes ids 5, Frye & a aie pee

Jan 1935, Rapp s.n. (LAS: B6782, under Rectolejeunea); Sanford, 17 Apr 1913, Rapp s.n. (FLAS- B5148).

Addi ] i from th ties cited ded by Schuster (1980) under R. brittoniae.

* 2

— ARR Lindenb. & Gottsche

$ Gottsche) R.M. Schust., fide ya un (1999),

M lej iniloba (Lindenb. & Gottsche) A. Fvans fide Breil (

G den C icola Ri Aspalaga Bluff, on smooth. moist. hard li 1980). Hardee Co.: ca. 4mi wae

T345, R23E, Sec. 26, NW 1/4 of SE 1/4, bay pae on pin id Enc ligas tampensis, 11 dul 2003, Ap 12934 (USF). Hi

Cowhouse Slough near Hillsborough River, T285, R h bank Apr 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 403

Tum Peut Co.: Maman. mn wt M Eres - C " 194) Breil (1970). Lee Co.: pte Bt River, near Alva fee 1980). Levy

| Co.: Blue Springs, 192

Withlacoochee River

Kurz 175 (Frye & Clark 1947) la Co: Sanford, on peels 1913, Rapp s.n. (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947); Ai 1918,

(Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, Feb1916, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6982). Polk Co.: Pursegone Creek, N side of FL 60, 1.5 mi E of Hillsboroug

line, on bark in low hammock, 26 Jan 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 296 (USF). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Feb1916, Rapp s.n. (FLAS); Sanford, on

cypress, 1913, Rapp s.n. (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, 1918, Rapp 52 (Frye & Clark 1947). Taylor i Breil (1970). Wakulla

Co.: Newport, 1927, Kurz 102 (Frye & Clark 1947); Breil (1970).

h Co.

Lejeunea trinitensis Lindenb.

Cheilolejeunea pililoba (Spruce) A. Evans.

Lejeunea pililoba Spruce

Rectolejeunea pililoba (S M. Schust.

Polk Co.: Fort Meade, 1916, Jennings s.n. (Schuster 1980). Without Co.: Indian Ri 1 Cedar Keys. Austin s.n. (NY, Schuster 1980).

Schuster (1980) considers that the ab llection stations have been destroved. but several collections exist

¿a cal

alter his publication (Thiers in prep.).

Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn.

Dauphin et al., Li Iih + ffi. | 797

Collier Co.: ca. 4 mi SW on Monroe Station on “Loop Road,” “Gator Hook wea cypr amp-pond-appl 1 bordering glad

land, on fronds of Trichomanes holopterum, 5 Jun 1966, Long et m Jent 0). Hillst gh Co.: Hillsb h River State Parl

isl d "m v» Ste itas Schuster 33908 ee 198 Dade Co.: Royal Palm H k, 1916, Small 117045 (Evans 1917,

Frye&C l Silver Pal [D i 4 Feb 1939, McFarlin 1741 (FLAS-B1695); Costello

MM near Silver Palm, 2 Mar 1939, McFarlin 1743 (FLAS-B8224).

Additional localities for Collier and Miami-Dade counties were provided by Schuster (1980).

irolejeunea. eiypeata (chwen. ) A. Evans

il (19 ke City, 26 Dec valid Straub s.n, (FLAS-B561) s.n. (FLAS); O'Leno State Park, Santa M Eier atone

37286 (Schuster 1980), Breil (1970), E Co.: Gull Point, Pensacola, 11 Jul 1937, McFarlin 1459, (FLAS-B1720). G

(1970), Hernando Co.: ov park, T215, _R20E, Sec. 13, on Magnolia in mesic hammock, 16 Jan 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 290 (USF).

Holmes Co.: in | l “reek, near Bonifay, 9 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1503, 1504, 1509, 1514, 1518 (FLAS-B1708, 1704, 1707,

1706, 1705); Breil (1970). Jackson q. caverns month " Marianna, j Nov Dad McF duis 1401, (FLAS-B1710). Jefferson Co.: 1 mi W of

Aucilla R. , Rte .98,5 Schuster 44194 N of Cedar Key, along State Road 24, Cedar

Key Scrub Reserve, in swamp, 1990-1992, Amoroso 682 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995). s Co.: in ravine ge SR 18 near Bristol, 10

Nov 1937, McFarlin 1541, 1544, die 2i. 1548 HEN B1698,1724, 1723, 1721, 1702); Torreya State Park, 10 N 7, McFarlin 1479, 1481,

1487, (FLAS-B1700, 1701, 1722) 8 mi S of Bristol, 9 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1443, ge pep B1699, 1714); Alum

Bluff, 10 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1533 (FLAS- B1703), Breil (1970). Okaloosa Co.: Galliver, low hammock along stream, 7 Nov 1937, McFarlin

1464, 1465, 1466, 1469 (FLAS-B1711, 1717, 1716, 1709). Polk Co.: Mid n rcu 7 Feb 1931, Morus 333 VIE men) Wakulla Co.:

Breil (1970). Walton Co.: Argyle, 7 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1523 (FLAS-B1713). Wi C & Clark (1947)

Grolle (19832) related this species to the fossil Leucolejeunea antiqua, found in amber in the Dominican

Republic. This species is apparently lacking in central to southern Florida (Schuster 1980).

Leucolejeunea conchifolia (A. Evans) A. Evans

dames ava Evans, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 8:128. 1902. TYPE: FLORIDA. LAKE Co.: Orange Bend, Underwood 60.

Alachu ille, pine flatwoods, bark of tree, 19 Apr 1950, Redeem? e iion wont ine econ 368

1933, Little s.n. (FLAS. B574). Bay Co.: Breil (1970). cesa Co.: pen ires Clay C

on upland trail of ravine, 14 May 1982,M 90 (US l Point, Pensacola, 7 Nov 1938, McFarlin 1457, (FLAS); Canoe

Creek, 6 mi Wof Century, 14 Sep 1957, Ford 5591a (FLAS-B8083); Pensacola, 1935, Frye s.n. (Frye & C lark 1947). Gadsden Co.: Breil (1970).

Hamilton Co.: Breil (16 dose - dor ad Co.: Mc germ Park, in rotting wood on ground in Quercus laevis woods, 8 Jan 1984, Lassiter &

Lassiter 785, 786 (USF). Hi lighl k, Sebring, 1934, McFarlin 767, 1055, 1131 a iau 1947). Hillsborough

Co: Cockroach Bay Eo oironienddl Cister T325, RISE, Sec. 28, on Quercus sp., i h k, 13 Aug 1982,

Lassiter & Lassiter 809 spit ans Bay Environmental Center, in mangrove, on s Qué virginiana = ne. et 16 signe a

Co: Breil (1970). Jefferson Co.: 1 mi W of Aucilla R., Rte 98, Schuster 44202c (Schuster 1980); (Br

o pres Vibo 33: "a; 33425b prune bed Leon Co.: Lena Stein Ravine, 1943, Schornherst s.n. (Schuster 1980). Levy Co

inscrub, 1990—1992, Amoroso 529, 801, 803, 805, 809 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd

s ren Breil 1970) Main Co.: Dela ——— Juniper Springs, Schuster 31910a, 31911, 31939b, 31912, 31938a (Schuster

1980 f County Line Road, piter Cemetery, NW 1/4 Sec. 25, T405, R42E, at base of Ceratiola ericoides

aru: clausa scrub, 26 Jul 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 465 (USE) ), Putnam Co.: 1 mi N of Orange Springs, Schuster 42213c (Schu

Co.: Sanford, on living trees, Rapp 39 (Haynes pues nion 1916, Rapp s.n. (Frye & Clark 1947); Sanford, May 1931 Dr

(FLAS-B6962) Sanford, Apr 1916, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6763) SR 129, 4 mi N of Branford, high oak hammock, on rotting

"ood on ground, 8 Apr 1983, Corrine Lawman 722 (USF). Volusia Co.: NW of Deland, Hwy 17, Blomquist 9014 (Schuster 1980).

Not known outside North America (Thiers in prep.).

eg (Lindenb.) A. Evans

tac evil's tree trunk, 27 Feb1950, Redfearn 134 (FLAS); Devil's Millhopper, Magnolia trunk, 27 Feb 1950, Redfearn

re » bayhead 3 mi E of Gainesville, bark of Magnolia, 24 Apr n pid) 188, 191 indes bayhead 3 mi E of Gainesville, bark of

Pr 1950, Redfearn 191 (F DS rame Co.: Sur m k, Schuster 37286b, 37284b (Schuster

). Dixie Co.: Breil (1970) E bia Ri 7 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1451 (FLAS-B1725).

dd Co.: Breil (1970). Hernando Co.: US 41 N oft Brooksville, near Chinsegu m C = Robins Park, at base of Pinus sp. in pine and

E. woods, 19 Jan 1985, Lassiter & La g A 1 County Park, ide R22E, Sec. 19, on

¡Burnum obovatum in low hammock near river, 14 Jun 1981, La & Lassiter 561 (USF). Holmes Co.:

at Hwy 2, bark of Ilex tree, 21 Aug 1957, Ford 5349c (FLAS); in EDEN along Holmes Creek, near hoi 9 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1505

eir 8). Jefferson Co.: Wacissa Springs, 1939, Schornherst 304 (Frye & Clark 1947); Breil (1970). Leon Co.: Byrd's woods, 1939,

erst 574 (Frye & Clark 1947); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Gulf Hammock, Schuster F-136 "ick 1980); Manatee Springs,

Wahnee River near Chiefland, Schuster 44225c, hee 44245 (Schuster 1980. Liberty Co.: s.c., s.n. (Breil 1970); Alum Bluff, Apalachicola

; i

798 kas 5(2)

River, Schuster 33529b (Schuster 1980). Marion Co.: Ocala National F on rotting wood, 9 May 1980, Lassiter & Thompson s.n. (USF).

Miami-Dade Co.: Timms Ha l Sil Im, on Te ia hieracifolia, 28 Feb 1940, McFarlin 1926 (FLAS-B7896); Ma

swamp ca 8 mi of Bristol, 9 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1666 (FLAS-B1727). Putian Co.: N of Orange Springs, Schuster 42217a (Schuster 1980).

Seminole Co.: Sanford, on trees, Rapp 41 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947). Union Co.: s.c., s.n. (Breil 1970). Walton Co.: s.c., s.n. (Breil

1970).

Leucolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) A. Evans

Miami-Dade iu PECES pe m loj Es - Ent hi Key, 2.5 mi W of SW bend in Ingraham Hwy, Schuster 37310a, 37313, 37332d pp

(Schuster 1980 app 49 (E 1914, Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 1980);

Sanford, on oo glauca, 9 May 1914, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6268); nena 26 Apr 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6768).

holej igri (Lindenb.) Schiffn.

‘Lopholjeea muelleriana (Gousche) a

ffn. subsp. floridana R.M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:751. 1980. TYPE: FLORIDA.

LS CO: pinta Spin. ed 42211 (sore: C), fide Gradstein (1994).

Alach h, 20 Jan 1933, Little s.n hien Vases Co.: Lake Trafford, 21 Feb 1935, McFarlin &

Grout 989 (FLAS, Frye & Clark 1947); Big C pel A 001 1947). Dixie Co.: S of Old Town along the Suw:

River (Breil 1970); Kurz 230 ichister 1980). Highlands C I I , 2 Aug 1937, McFarlin 13521 (FLAS- im

Sebring, 1934, McFarlin 1173 (Frye & Clark 1947): Cape Sable, 1934, sad 1346 (Frye "i mi 1947). or Co.: Cowhouse

Slough, near Hillsborough River, ig RI9E, Sec. 12, in swamp bordering W side of slough, o distichum, 2

1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 644 (USF). Lake Co.: Hontoon Island A Park, St. Johns River, pei s.n. (Schuster — Levy =

dre Be itus Reserve, crn II 171 (CANE, Zhu & Gradstein 2005), Schuster F-120 (G, an me Zhu & Gradstein 2005

, Schuster TM pan 1980). Mi H 1 Silver

Palm, McFarlin 1574 (FLAS-B1688): T H 24 Feb 1940, McFarlin 1930 (FLAS-B1749). Seminole Co.: Sanford,

on bark, Rapp 40 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 1980); Sanford, ae s.n. (NY, U, YU, Gradstein 1994.); Sanford, on trees, Oct

1910, pity s.n. A READ Sanford, on trunk & roots, Feb 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6765).

H bf... (NI NC LIE

p J Y )

y (Mont) Schiffn., fide Gradstein (1994)

22 Jan 1935, Grout €: McFarlin 1001b, 1001a (FLAS-B1742, B-1750); Royal Palm Hammock, 14 Apr 1934, Grout &

McFarlin 1071a (FLAS- B1976). Loop Road, 3 mi S of Monroe Station, Schuster 22037 (Schuster 1980). Hernando Co.: 3-4 mi N

ke ccs ail VI VOR Tots HM ui Co.: Lake Istokpoga, in low hammock, 2 Aug 1937, McFarlin a

(FLAS-BI7 } 33924 pary 1980). Marion Co.: Oklawaha River, 4 mi E of

Silver we Schuster 22504 (Schuster 1980). Miami-Dade Ca: Hattie Bauer Hammock near Modella, 28 Feb 1940, McFarlin 1913

(FLAS-B1747); Timms Hammock near > nn Feb 1940, McFarlin 1964 (FLAS- nio. Monroe Co.: Loop Road, 3 mi S of Monroe

Sta., ca tae e A l ford, Apr 1918, Rapp s.n. (U, Zhu & G 05); Sanford, 1917, Rapp 81 (Frye&

Clark 1947, Schuster 1980); Sanford, age Springs, 10 Apr 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6270), Jan 1932, Rapp s.n. (FLAS- -B7166). Without

Co.: 1877, Donnell Smith s.n. (Schuster 1980).

I J

After Schuster (1980) the collection yD 11 Smith is the first collection from Florida.

MU A Re: auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Schiffn.

ua Co.: Gainesville, cerca Branch, Little s.n. desi nire ede oo es js Little s.n. (FLAS); Devil’

mca oak trunk, 27 Feb 1950, Redfearn 142 (FLAS). Cit T205, os = 12, common

on large Quercus, 3 Apr 1980, Lassiter et al. 386 (USF). Collier Co.: Ki Billi mokalee,

Apr 1938, McFarlin 1554, 1562 (FLAS- B1784, B1776); Big Cypress Swamp, 22 Feb 1935, McFarlin & Grout 996 (FLAS-1767); Big Cypress,

1999, esr 1001b (Frye & Clark 1947). Columbia Co.: Lake City, 24 Dec 1894, Straub s.n. (FLAS-B560); (Breil 1970); Lake City, Re

1894, Straub s.n. (FLAS-B560), Breil (1970). Gadsden Co.: Crooked River et, Shornherst 664 + (Schuster 1980); Breil gue a

do Hernando Co.: 2 mi N of Brooksville, T225, RI9E, Sec. 10 Nor De

Lassiter & Lassiter 492 (USF). Highlands Co.: Hooker’ ith I fl Feb 1931. cfe 313 (FLAS- ges ii

Hammock State Park, Griffin 987 (FLAS, NY, U, Gradstein 1994); Thiers 3149, 3150. neg (reve 1994). Hillsborough Co.: C ss

visa de odo T32S, RI9E, Bn 28, on Quercus in puya hammock, with large DERE germinans, 2 Apr 1980, Lassiter et al. :

(USF); C g Holmes Cr

LAS-BI77D-

gum

r, In Mangrove L 1986). Holmes Co.: alon

near Bonifay, Marin 1502 2 (FLAS. pan in hammock along Hole Creek, near ae 9 Nov 1937, E 1519 (F

Jackson Co.: , 1937, McFarlin 1409 (Frye & Clark 1947); Breil (1970); C fM . 8 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1408

1781). psec Co.: Wacissa Springs, 1939, Schornherst 304 (NY, Frye & Clark 1947, Schuster 1980, Gradstein 1994); Breil (1970) Ger

r Naples, on cypress bark, 14 Apr 1934, McFarlin & Grout 1045 (FLAS- B1764); Naples, 1934, McFarlin & Grout 987 (Frye & Clark 1947

Sinai 1980). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Liberty Co.: Rock Bluff, 10 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1423 (FLAS-B1779); (Breil 1970); D sons jus

hinatal li $ Ah rte nf Clarida 799

Vaupiit ,

p ca. 8 mi S of Bristol, 9 Nov 1937, ME pm PUES B1773), Breil ae I C N of Gulf H k, Schuster

F-121, F-139, F-148 (Schuster 1980). M Florida C Park ondes nes (Schuser — Miami-Dade Co.:

Costello Hammock near Silver Palm, 23 Apr 1938, McFarlin 1580 (FLAS); C llo H r 1938, McFarlin 1581

(FLAS); Key Largo, 9 Nov 1934, — s.n. Mieres goes nen 1916, pcs dp Ladin & Clark ve media Co.: NS

National Park. Buttonwood C

(USF); Cape Sable region, in a buttonwood Nini ca. 21 mi N p ere 24 Feb eati McFarlin 1903 word Okal

Galliver, along stream, 7 Nov 1937, edens — rant B2080). Polk C c N side of FL 60, 1 f Hillsl

m" Mex. m ion, 21 Jan 1931, McFarlin 150 (FLAS-B1765). Seminole Co.: Sanford. on

19 (H 1915); Sanford s.n., Verdoorn, Hep. Sel. Crit. 334 (BM, MANCH, NY, U, Gradstein 1994); Sanford,

Melonville, on tree inte, Nov 1917, Rapp s.n. (FLAS- ei Sanford, 29 Sep 1925, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B7345). Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

Additional localiti d sp t f fth ties cited were given by Schuster (1980).

Microlejeunea | bullata Mayor) A. Evans

Evans subsp. ! (Taylor) R.M. Schust

Baker Co.: Breil (1970). Clay Co.: Gold Head Branch State Park (Schuster 1980). Collier Co.: Collier-Seminole State Park and Royal Palm

Hammock, N of Tamiami Trail (Schuster 1980). Dixie Co.: Breil — nm Co.: 2 mi ES " 3-4 mi ied se begins (Schuster

1980). Highlands Co.: Sebring, 1913, ap s.n. (eia & Clark 1947); g, 1934, McFarlin

1193 ia T Clark 1947) $n mi S iain 198 sites Hillsborough Co.: Po ges Slough, near Hillsborough River, T28S,

RI9E, Se G 1 Q i k, 24 Apr 1983, Lassiter & Lassiter 703 (USF). Lake Co.: Ocala

nu: Forest, inie Springs PAS 1980). Levy Co.: N of Cedar Key, along State Road 24, Cedar Key Scrub R in swamp,

1990-1992, Amoroso 538, 555, 679, 682, 684, 1098, 1100, 1108 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995). Liberty Co.: Alum Bluff, Apalachicola River

maid T img (1970). Manatee Co.: Madira ME Mound, on crumbly, dead oak by steps, 26 Nov 1983, Lassiter & Lassiter 818

y, in mangrove, on Junip ilicicola [J Ne abt ss nui et al. 1986); Madira Bickel Mo ont in mangrove

dead oak (Te Stral 1. 1986). Marion Co.: Ocala N IF iper Creek, 10 mi W of Juniper Springs der

1980) Miami-Dade Co.: Everglades National Park, Sect. 24 of qe Key pinchnd. Paradise Key (Royal Palm Hafina (Schuster 1980);

Math H kl l I land Road, ca. 1 mi N of Rte. 27, 5-6 mi W of Florida City; Costell k, near Silver Palm

(Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford d ks, Rapp 19 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, on maple, Rapp s.n. (FLAS-B6969);

Big Tree County Park, 3 mi N of Fern Park and Sanford (Scl 1980)

Mirolejeunea FPE Bischl.

} R.M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:1080. 1980. TYPE: FLORIDA. HIGHLANDS CO.: Archbold Biological

Ee 10s mi s of don Placid, MM 44351c., fide Thiers (in prep.).

p, Schuster 76-398 (Schuster 1980). Monroe Co.: Big Pine Key, NW side, Schuster

42087 (Schuster 1980).

globosa (Spruce) Steph.

Lejeunea cardotii Steph., fide Reiner-Drehwald (1994b).

Highlands 0.: Archbold lapi Senn 10 mi S id Lake Montes CONUS an a Co.: TER Bey Environmental

, 18 Jul 1

Center, T32S, RISE, S g

E n (I S side of McMullen B hP f Alafia Ri a 2 6mi EofSR 39, T3IS, R22E, Sec. 16, on Serenoa

pens leaves in mesic-hydric hard d, 14 Jul 1980, Shuey 714b (USF-149583); Tampa, Horizon Park, Himes Ave. and Dale Mabry Hwy, at

of Quercus in dry woods, 5 Apr 1985, Lassiter & Lassiter ai Se er Tampa, Lowry Park, Sligh Ave. and North ee on

= 25 Aug 1981, Lassiter & Lassiter 798 (USF- tal Ce J i

Wniana], Quercus virginiana, Avicennia germinans, C d d | d (Te Strake et al . 1986). Lake Co

E State Park, W of DeLand, Schuster s.n. iar 1980). Polk Co.: W of B (Scl 1980). Seminole Co.

Altamonte Springs, on live tree in woods; Big Tree County Park, 3 mi N of Fern Park (Schuster 1980). -

nter, in mangrove

Reported from Florida and Louisiana by Schuster (1980). The Florida records bear no numbers. The author

hatth Ah Een tae 1r ee ux: 11 t .

“entral Florida.

dvlejennea breuteli (Gottsche) A, Evans

liberty Co.: : Analachi He A A Ware TOT TE T

fete 9 Nov 1937, McFarlin 1502, 1690, 1686 (FLAS-B1773, B1748, B-1744); Apalachicola Nacional Puce. Cand grad

i lon Area, Nyssa swamp, Breil 2411 (Schuster 1980). Okaloosa Co.: Galliver, in low hammock along stream, 7 Nov 1937, McFarlin

rus B17

51).

D 1.: 1 ds LC ker bue A nimi

xus c NaHadsl pad nad? k, Schuster 22592 (Schuster 1980); Mahogany Hammock, SW of tip of

Long Pine Key, Schuster: 37304, 37321a, 37323a, 37350 (Schuster 1980). Palm Beach Co.: Lake Worth, Underwood s.n. (NY, Schuster 1980).

LEPIDOZIACEAE

Bazzania trilobata (L ) esa

Liber xc Q UE M fD.; 3 fe | IOALO VW. fu43 2 1 3071225. Tz x. Clark (1946).

Kurzia setacea (Weber) Grolle

Microlepidozia setacea (Weber) Jorg.

Polk Co.: Lakeland, mixed with Cephalozi i 10d hi hagni, 29 Oct 1930, McFarlin 39 (FLAS, McFarlin 1940, Redfearn

1952).

According to Schuster (1969), this species is restricted to bogs and this report “is certainly based on an error”

Grolle (1963) did not examine the original material of the peres Papel s in Pu Har

pia aura — armas 155. 1778). Grolle (196

P pN 1 J; WB n A iind A Su

, bog ecology of

name de Müller (1914, 1956 cit. pis Giolle 1963) and Frye & Clark (1946). He therefore considered K. setaceaa

doubious name. This was rejected by Schuster who adhered to the “status quo,” i.e. the species concept ex-

pressed i in his treatment chuse 1969). A specimen held at FLAS from sandy substrate (see above) wholly

coincides with Schuster iption of K. setacea, and is a valid record for Florida.

Kurzia sylvatica (A. Evans) Grolle

Lepidozia sylvatica A. Evans

Mer yet (A. —

1 ille, in a bog, Little s.n. (K Sr Little 1933). Baker Co.: Breil (1970). Clay Co.: Kingsley 1 ke. Little s.n. (Kurz

& Little 1933). J € W of Flint Rock, Kurz s.n. (K & Little 1933): 0.5 mi fi D Kurz s. K

Co.: Ocala National bein: quen Spring., quid ee Sopon sia Alum TES ewo River, — d Gaii

1969). Leon C (1970 r19 pp s.n. (FLAS-B6771);

emo Feb 1917, ROPES! n. gH 56772) enced, on tends Lis nome goes 1915, S ete Clark qa "nes (1940); Redfearn

I Walton Co.: Breil (1970).

There is a confusion concerning the characteristics and affinities between Kurzia sylvatica and K. setacea

cus ce Schuster 1969). tas Schuster (1969), this species grows on calcareous and acidophyllous

but is absent f

Telaranea longifolia (Howe) Engel & Merr.

Telaranea nematodes sensu ba 1969 ias Engel & Merrill (2004)

Alachua Co.: bog 5 mi S of G ille, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little (iie "zd Co.: pes die Clay Co.: Kingsley Lake, Little s.n- (Kurz &

Little 1933). Collier Co.: McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952). G M 8, Schornherst 84 (Schuster 1969, Frye & Clark

sti Bristol, 1937, McFarlin 1434 (Frye & veni Er mise McFarlin s.n. (Schuster p M nini s.n., dime 1969)

€ SR 476, T21S, R20E gs

1980, Lassiter & I 8 (USF). Hi mae Co.: W of Sebring Hig hlands H vh Park, Schuster 20099 (Schuster qe -

side among Callicostella pallid, on wet soil, Griffin 1709 (FLAS- B016622). Hillsborough Co.: S of Plant City, T29S, R22E, Sec. 25, English

Creek, N of SR 60, on rotting wood in low sonde 5 Ma die 1984, coe et al. 837 stint q at nii Sibu poo Co: 4 mi fron

pi on Old Spanish Trail, Kurz s.n. (K l 52). Marion Co:

Juniper Springs, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1969). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on sandy banks, Rapp 22 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1946, —

1969). McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Walton Co.: Mossy Head, 1937, McFarlin 1527 (Frye & Clark 1946); Bre!

(1970).

MARCHANTIACEAE

Marchantia paleacea Bertol.

Marchantia BP itin: & Lindenb., fide Bischler +, cit.per Schuster 1992b).

o. Co.: es illhopper, 6 mi NW of Foren. Miles n. un & s T Gadsden Co.: Aspalaga, Kurz 5.1.

f, on Apalachicola Riv: 70). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Liberty Co.: Torre)

(Kurz & Little

ya State

Dauphin et al., Li ts and I ts of Florid 801

Park, near Rock Bluff, Apalachicola River, Schuster 44032, 44033, qum 44075a, folis Men" 44081 ee i Taylor Co.: Breil

(1970). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970). Washington Co.: Breil (1970). W

Marchantia inflexa Nees & Mont.

hanti illata Raddi subsp. infl (N & Mont.) R.M. Schust., fide Bischler-Causse et al. (2005).

Alachua evil's Millhopper, NW of sunto ae 14 tai MA. Dens MONT NW e aeie Griffin, s.n.

(Schuster ad Devil's — NW Apalachicola

River, Kurz 24 (Schus 970). H k, Schuster 97-071 (Schuster 1992b). Leon Co.: Breil

(1970). Taylor Co.: ipe (1970). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970). Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

tia polymorpha L.

Leon Co.: 10 mi E from Tallahassee, Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on g land on bricks, Rapp 7 (Haynes 1915,

METZGERIACEAE

Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort.

Metzgeria ciliifera A. Evans, fide Grolle (2002, cit. per. Costa 2008).

(Cab, qe Wott tA 25. 2. | 7 a De-ai IOTA UH PY ud Mek eth Dark T215, R20E Sec 13 M. g Mai i^t 1 :

16 Jan 1980, Lassiter & I iter 285 (USF). L Co.: Breil (1970). Polk Co.: Redfe (1952). Seminole Co.: Sanford, 1917. Rapp s.n (Haynes

1915, Frye & Clark 1937); Redfearn (1952).

O ARR : "d £14 LAS c + AM è J : Als $t 2s : Ce |

0 75 E <S J Y E E r

phologically (Fuselier et al. 2009). It is possible that true M. furcata does not occur in Florida.

Metzgeria myriopoda Lindb.

Alachua Co.: along AE zh dge of Gainesville, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933, Schuster 19922); Devil's Millhopper, NW of

Gainesville, Schuster 33487 (Schuster 19922). Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Calhoun Co.: Kuwahara (1986); Schuster (19922). Gadsden Co.:

Aspalaga Bluff, Schuster 33330 (Schuster 19922); Breil (1970). Hernando Co.: SE of Brooksville, Schuster 22730 (Schuster 19922). Jackson

Co: Florida Caverns State Park, near Marianna, Schuster 44129a, 44134b (Schuster 19922); Breil (1970). Leon Co.: Tallahassee, 3 mi alon

A t ee: s.n. Aes ds pue 1959) Lens » heme N kgs (Schuster 1992a). Polk Co.: Redfearn (1952); Schuster

ts, Rapp 29 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, Apr 1916, Rapp s.n.

(Schuster 1992a). Wakulla Co.: K I 1986; Scl 19922); Breil (1970) Waliiigida Co.: Breil (1970).

ia uncigera A. Evans

Co.: arse. i near io peepee River, in ravine on Magnolia tree, Bares 6 Hie s.n. Macs & pipi 1933, inem 199223). Leon

Co.: Ochlocl p g 57 (Breil 1970). Orang n tree trunk,

Rapp 73 (H 191 , Rapp s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933, Frye & Clark 1937); Robinson Spring, 8 mi S of Sanford, Rapp s.n. ionis 1914,

Shuster 19924); ANN (1952). Without Co.: near Oneida, Taylor 2114 (Costa 2008).

PALLAVICINIACEAE

lyellii (Hook.) A. Gray

Baker Co.: Breil dem een ipo: dp ron Breil (1970); e UTN Calhoun Co.: Breil (1970; Sct (19923). Citrus Co.: 3

Beta City n ENO 2 12,i hy border of I isl 980, Lassiter et al

38 (U Id Head B S r 37208 PE 1992a). Columbia Co.: Breil (1970); Schüster eN DeSoto

Co: E 1952) Schuster (1992a). Dixie Co.: Breil (1970; Schuster (1992a). Duval Co.: Goodby's Lake, adjacent to St. Johns River, at

base of x il bank, 2 Apr 1977, Grey 10 (USF). Escambia Co.: Pensacola, 1933, Young s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937);

Pensacola, cum 1933 (Schuster 19922). Hernando Co.: Croom Wildlife Management Area, Withlacoochee State Forest, bike trail, N side

Croom E " 5mi W of ini bb station, app. ba 25 mi from road, on moist sand at edge of shallow waterway, 11 Aug 1995, vanHoek et E

zn Hi Leiser Memorial Trail, catwalk, moist soil at base of cypress tree, 4 Apr 197

USF); Highlands Hammock State Park, Schuster F-102, 33789 (Schuster 1992a); sickest (1940); Redfearn Hate

E" E or (19923). Hillsborough Co.: USF Ecology Area, on soil in cypress community, 2 Apr 1974, Merner s.n. (USF).

Co.: Breil (1970): Leica (1992a). Leon Co.: Owen's Wood, Schornherst 2191 (Schuster 1992a); Breil gà pen (19923).

€ on very

pne N of — Key, along State Road 24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, cypress dome, 1990-1992, Amoroso 574, 935 S, Amoroso &

ui 1995), .: Juniper Springs Creek, 1.3 mi downstream "ue ue ae e R26E, Sec. 16, SE of SW, dem woods along

E „in full shade, 4 May 1979, Hansen & Richardson 5454 (USF); 3-4 mi la Natl. Forest, Schuster 22462,

Gchuster 1 19923). Martin Co.: in coastal hammock, on rotting wood, 29 May 1980, Saale et al. 3572 (USF). Orange Co.: Rock

802 i i SQ)

Springs Run, King's Landing low bank of ll h d, 23 May 1982, Lassiter et al. 634 (USF). Osceola Co.: W side of US

17-192 at Eel ue incu PUR 0.7 mi N of Intercession City, 7 án 1980, Richards s.n. (USF). Pasco Co.: SR 54, 1.5 mi W of 1-75, near

Quail Hollow I over swamp, 2 oe ned mesg & Lassiter 498 APER Pinelas Co.: Mc Farlin (1940); Redfearn

(1952); Scl (19922). Polk Co.: Redfearn (1952); S dy banks and rotten paaa —

1090 (€^ 10004 Dd 1052 fide Scl

(Haynes bns muda ms mre s.n. we & iiie isis wo

a id d soil al l hout Florida (Kurz & Little 1933).

p VCIy F o o

PLAGIOCHILACEAE

Plagiochila aspleniformis R.M. Schust., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 63:51. 1960. Tyre: FLORIDA. HILLSBOROUGH Co.

Hillsborough River State Park, empres 22869.

Columbia Co.: O'Leno q. — SLE fu g 1 g to Ea Di I 1 li 1 14 1 Oct 10920 N iffi 1001

(FLAS); O'l Fe Ri 1 1 tk ink (Breil 1970); O’Leno State Park, near border of Santa

Fe River, nN of High Springs, Schuster 37276, 37276, 37276a (Schuster 1980). Hillsb gh Co.: Hillsb h Co., Hills! River S

Park, Schuster 22863, 22864 (Schuster 1980).

This species occurs in the “Oligocene I” region and is in danger of ination due t ruse of park facili-

ties (Schuster 1980).

Plagiochila floridana A. Evans, Bot. Gaz. 21:190. 1896. Type: FLORIDA. MARION CO.: Ocala, mixed with Lejeunea on decay-

ing logs, eas s.n. ey Egel PA HOLOTYPE: T

Bay Co.: Breil (1970 Island, T20S, R20E, Sec. 12 li p, 3 Apr 1980,

Lassiter et al. 340 (USF). Collier Co.: kii (952, Gadsden Co.: Breil (1970). Hi C s lands H k State Park, W of

Sebring, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980). I Hill h River State Park, N side of t beach, next to trail, 12 Nov 1970,

Griepenburg 10 iiid ee s.n. (Schuster 1980). DER Co.: e Mariona, 1934, McFarlin 1393 (Frye & Clark 1945); Breil (1970).

Jefferson Co.: 7 mi , Balanced Rock, Chi i in. Kurz s.n. (Schuster dni Lake Co.: Ocala National

Forest, Al ler S below J Spri eer inn (Sdhnisqsr 1980 C bluffs, 1939, Schornherst 31x

1980). Miami-Dade es Redfearn (1952). P I pp 30 (Haynes 1915);

Sinion; Pages n. ip & &C a 1945 D pr fi II I Cclert'otC rir. 386) 1 10M Pag IE Rapp s.n. (Schuster

(103N € Pie D; 1939 Sc} 1 nA (E. & Clark 1945). Wakulla Co.: : Breil

Urrye à

(1970).

agiochila invisa (R.M. Schust.) R.M. Schust.

Plagiochila ludoviciana var. invisa R.M. Schust., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 63:101. 1960. TYPE: FLORIDA. CITRUS CO.: Pineola, on bark of

Sapindus, 16 Dec 1948, Sharp s.n.

Jackson Co.: Florida Caverns State Park, near Chipola River, Schuster 44130 (F), 44135 (Schuster 1980). Jefferson Co.: S of Wacissa, at head-

waters of Wacissa River (Breil 1970).

agiochila micropteryx Gottsche

Plagiochila diffusa Steph., fide Inoue (1989).

Plagiochila smallii A. Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:180. 1905. TYPE: FLORIDA. MIAMI-DADE Co.: near the homestead trail, between

¡e ae Jonguiew Camp! in tandis ug x Cut 1411 a guid NY).

i i, 1916 k, 1915, Small & Mosier 5707 (Frye & os 194%

oodburn Hammock, 1915, Small & Mosier 5240 (Frye & Clark 1945); Osteen Hammock, 3-4 miles NW of Paradise Key, Schus

m 1980); Brickell Hammock, S of Miami (Schuster 1980); pono Promak near Silver Palm (Schuster 1980); Ross-

Hemos Gomes 1900); Timms see ain N Cal uer Drive, near 80); between Coconut Grove and Cutler

Lewis, Horton, Cox, Goodburn and Sykes

Hammocks (Schuster. 1980); "ew Hammock, NW Lo Ha, iui 44398 S ce 1980); Fuchs Hammock, N of Homestead,

Schuster 76-405, 76-411 (Schuster 52 Key, Small et al. 3685b (Schuster 1980).

er 44464

QQ). M

10¢

Plagiochila miradorensis Gottsche

Gadsden Co.: Glen Julia (Scl 1980); Breil (1970). Hernando Co.: 3-4 miles NW of Brooksville, hammock forest, Schuster s.n- Po

Hi Ac H m ida

1980). Highlands Co.: io Schuster 44275c, 44271c (Schuster 1980). Jackson Co.: Flori

Caverns State Park, Schuster 44128, 44129, 441384 (ey i. Jefferson Co.: W of Aucilla Road on Rte. 98, Schuster 44199 gut

ster 1980

1 Co.: Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Gulf Hammock and Manatee State Parks, near Chiefland, Schuster 44236 (Sch :

ber Co.: Torreya State Park, Schuster 44046 (Schuster 1980). Marion Co.: Juniper Springs Recreation Area, 31 Mar 1969, eit ns.

n hin et al., Li " "npa gri .J 803

Kaup”

13735); Ocal iper Springs (Scl 1980). Polk Co.: below Bartow (Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford

Eur 1980). "— Co.: Breil (1970).

Plagiochila montagnei Nees

pI : Lit, b 22 Tina ix RA

(4 E J

Caio Callior € ilg 3 Piel T 121 1D lDale. yu L (Cal 1080) Bich! RUE a 13.11 IU Le

Park, 6 mi W of Sebring (Schuster 1980). Monroe Co.: Cape Sable, Elliott’s K 1 p, H L (Sr 1980). Miami-Dade Co.:

Ross Hammock, N of Homestead (Schuster 1980); Osteen Hammock, 3-4 mi NW of Paradise Key (Schuster 1980); ee National

en Paradise Key and hammock forest, Sect 12 of Long ved ero — IS E di of Fad pier Key, deep hammock forest

pe i ondes of W Miami- oie a Co., SW tip g g T9805 Old Cater 1e

n (€T T; vent 10M n

E p iil Arch pete Prairie, Vie — (Schuster ane ee T Lewis Hammock (Schuster T kis hire

Kings Highway, R

(Schuster 1980); Everglades near Longview Cli hammocks near the edilicia Trail (Schuster 1980); near Homestead Road, between

Cutler and Longview Camp (Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Big Tree County Park, N of Fern Park, Schuster 42178, 42179a (Schuster 1980).

Meus patala w) Lindenb.

b. & Gottsche, fide Heinricl 1. (2002).

Plagiochila ima var. dio R. M. Schust., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 63:35. 1960. TYPE: FLORIDA. HIGHLANDS CO.: Highlands

Sebring, Schuster 26004.

Alachua Co.: “Buzzards Roost” W of Gainesville and Devil Moppe Schuster s.n. Mesue a i SR à ca. eden] Gainesville,

limestone outcrop, 29 Jan 1969, prio s.n. (n B13737, det. J. Heinrichs).Bay C ga Schuste

(Schuster 1980); Breil (1970). C (1970). Columbia Co.: Breil (1970). Collier Co.: Collier-Seminole State Park, A ter

26179a. (Schuster IL teme: ke bisce exon ni is W of queo d iiie 19954b, 20106a, 26301, 26011a, 44271a

(Schuster 1980). G W of Se sb ring, pibe (Schuster 1980).

Co.: 2 mi E of re iii 1275 R20E, Sec. 26 SE 1/4 h River, 23 Feb 1980,

Lassiter 309 (USF); Hillst Park, hammock forest, Schuster n. — ei ‘plows Co.: Breil ( (1970). Jefferson Co.:

Breil (1970). Lake Co.: Al 1 i g g Apr 1981, Griffin 661 (FLAS-B54075, det.

J. Heinrichs). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Liberty Co.: Alum Bluff, Apal la Ri T Park, Schuster s.n. (Schuster "s Breil

(1970). Marion Co.: Juniper Springs, Ocala National Forest, hammock forest, Schuster s.n. diie 1980). Miami-Dade Co.: Everglades

National Park, Long Key pineland, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980); Long Key Pineland, Schuster 22050, 22097 (Schuster 1980). Polk Co.:

rege Creek, N side of FL hath 1.5 mi E isis Tepes e line, on bark in low hammock, 26 Jan 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 299 pins

ollier I Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980). Suwannee Co.: Breil (1970). Washington

Co.: Breil (1970).

Plagiochila idi Lindenb

Plagiochila ludoviciana Sull. , fide Heinrichs & Gradstein (2000).

Bay Co.: Breil (1970 0). Citrus Co.: Pineola, limestone grottoes, Schuster 37229b ie — Collier Co.: Collier-Seminole State Park,

Royal Palm Hammock, Schuster 44386, 44387 (Schuster 1980); Redfearn (1952 Lake City (Schuster vii Breil (1970).

Glen Julia (Schuster 1980); Breil (1970). Gilchrist Co.: Breil dina Hernando Co.: 2 mi SE of Brooksville, Schuster s.n.

(Schuster 1980) Highlands Co.: Torreya State Park, 1934, McFarlin 1484 (Frye & Clark 1945); Redfearn (1952). Jackson Co.: Florida

Caverns State Park, near Chipola River, Schuster 44134c news — pu Co.: EAE m O River, Schuster s.n.

Schuster 1980); Breil (1970). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). I d, Schuster 44250

pe» ). Liberty Co.: Rock iiit 1934, McFarlin 1446 ue =a Clark tnis estes Tm — Co.: nee 1934, —

(Frye & Clark 1945). Marion Co.: Ocala, 1891, Under

ma Homestead, Redlands Hammock, Schuster 42271d, 44409 (Schuster 1980); Timms ficuc: Small & Mosier s.n. (Schuster 1980);

Hattie oni oe gae Me yet Lewis — Dart od Goodburn Hammock (Schuster 1980); Snapper Creek

of Coral Gables, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1980); Redf:

los PIE CS Mera dia (104A): D» (105?) Seminole C ford ts, Rapp 31 enia 1915); bed

3 Rapp. s.n. (Frye & Clark 1945); Redfearn (1952). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970). Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

pola i undata Sull.

ille (Schuster 80). Citrus Co.: MNA = epson Co.: miep Park, THRONE R., Toprreya State Park

ES. Gadsden Co.: ome Highland 0); Redfearn (1952 0). Liberty Co.: Alum

Buff, 1935 satapa (Frye & Clark: 1945) Ja Jackson Co.: Breil (1970); Florida C A A ees ne ae

Co: Sanfo nford (Schuster 19 980) P 1040 Def, (10520) Seminole Co.: Sanford. on exposed ro

‘Karlin (1940); Redfearn (1952) Washington Co.: Breil (1970).

804 1 Lalek D are S La . fT 5(2)

PORELLACEAE

Pore i

Baker Co.: Breil (1970). Bay Co.: Breil (1970). Call Co.: Breil (1970). Ci Co.: Floral Ci Orange S Canal, at base of Taxodium

distichum, 20 Apr 1979, Lassiter & Lassiter 189 (USF); E sl f Lake Okeech Small 8418 (Scl 1980); li Pineola, Small

8946 dip pe Ger fes agn Mot Grout & ieiuna 1034 home & ibe EH. ets Co.: 9r Age Desa

Redfearn ( ardee Co.:

MrEnrlin (1040): D (1050) EL dns ae 11C OQ

MCFAN (1

, hear Brooksville b f Liauidaml if], y eee. f 1

"n pig dich, 30 Deg 1308 Lassiter Lasser 2064 (USF). Hillst h Co.: N side of Fowler A Morris B idge, T285, RI9E,

Cowhouse Slough 12 Sep 1981, Lassiter & L 4 (USF); Hillsl

eda. n. (Scl 1980); Redf: (1952). J p iver, Chapman s.n p. Schuster 1980): D Breil ios eterna

W of Aucilla River on Rte. 98, Schuster 44186a (Scl 1980). Lee Co.: McFarlin (1940)

M Springs S rk, S Ri eta. eater flia pa (Schuster 1980). Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park

Apalachicola River, Schornherst 32 (Schuster 1980); B Redfearn ges Monroe Co.: n M

Chapman s.n. (Schuster 1980). Pasco Co.: Crystal Springs, in spring area, 15 Mar 1969, Latina s.n i JSF). Polk

Rapp 3 (Haynes 1915 app s.n. (Fry

& Clark 1946); McFarlin naa Redfearn (1952). REE] Co.: Breil (1970). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Wakulla Co.: Ru p

Washington Co.: Breil (1970

Porella platyphylla (L.) Lindb.

Sr TL d 1 (1908 )

fon I 1 I hyll I 1 I hvlloidea (Scl in.) F & L. Clark Hep North Amer. 6: 723. 1946 ad ud am

1 Co.: Florida C S Park. Schornherst 1334 1510 (Scl 80): Mari Florid (Breil 1970). Liberty

Cs: Torreya State Park, along Apalachicola River (Breil 1970). Without Co.: Kurz & Little (1933); Frye & Clark (1946).

PTILIDIACEAE

Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Weber) Hampe

Collier Co.: Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, off Tramway # 12., on cabbage palm, smooth trunk, Jan 1999, Kelish s.n. (NYS).

RADULACEAE

Radula australis Austin

Radula calogsienai Austin, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6:301. 1879, TYPE: FLORIDA. LEE Co.: Caloosahatchee, 7 May 1878, Donnell Smith &

s.n. (HOLOTYPE: US).

Radula langloisii Castle fide Breil (1970).

a Co.: Breil (1970). Calhoun Co.: Breil (1970). Collier Co.: E 1 N 1 Park. L ong Pine Key, i f solution hole in tropical

hardwood hammock, 8 Feb 1982, app dier ecd iie (USF); Royal Palm Hammock, 1934, 6, MacFarlin s.n. (Frye & Clark 1946)

ds Lake, 1934, Grout & M in s.n. (Frye & Clark 1946); Everglades along Rte. 94, 3 mi S of Collier Co. line, Schuster 31748d (Schuster

rud Everglades ide mi S ^ Monroe E Mtt on usus bugie Rte. 94, rad 37152a, ee 37182a, "A sen (Schuster 1980);

41 and FL 4 R20E, Sec. 13,

on Mala in low — 20 e 1980, Fu & a 307 TN 3-4 miles NW of Brooksville, "eis pira 22085, 22110,

22110b bees ns Hi Highl k, Schuster 33915a Oed vidi McFarlin (1940); Redíearn

(1952) h Cowh SI de Hills! gh Ri 3385 RIE Sec 2-5 ichum in low hammock along

— 1981 iter & Lassiter 514 (USE): Hillst hRi 915a (Scl 1980). Jac kson Co.: Breil (1970).

1070A) Y Cc. inka rad Date (1050s €

Co.: Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Cedar Key, along State Road

24, ana uid e Reserve, in Ho na 1992, n Amorosa we 1099 um Amoroso & Judd 1995). Liberty Co.: Alu m Blufi,

193

MacFarlin 1034 (Frye & Clark 1946)

Schuster 22464a, 31932c, 31945a (Scl 1980): ]

reek, ca. tnl below Juniper Springs, Ocala National Forest,

Schuster 33359 (Sc huster 1980). Miami-Dade Co.: ca. 3 mi W of Homestead, Fuchs Legis Sue gaw hammock area mixed subtropical

hardwoods, numerous sinkholes, on fronds of Trichomanes krausii, 26 Jun 1966 Long et al. 1926b (USF); Shield’s Hammock, 1915, Small et

al. 6157 (Frye & Clark 1946); Horton Hammock, 1916, Small 7010 (Frye & Clark 1946); Royal Palm Hammock, 1919, Small et al. 9178 (60%

& Clark 1946); 1934, Grout & McFarlin s.n. (Frye & is 1946); 1935, McFarlin 991 (Frye & Clark 1946); pre eye Park,

eed Hammock, ay odas e: 1980); M ); Redíea rn (1952). Pasco CO.: Blanton, Underw 23 (Schuster

Yos at

" Saint Johns Co.: 2 mi E of Hastings at junction of FL 206-207 at 5 ud River.”

)

bei t ar es in ciales; MU DN 8 ag 1989, Aides s.n. E. St. Augustine, Donnell Smith 1877 (Schuster 1900)

s.n

24 (Haynes 1915, Frye & Clark 1946); Sanford, 1904, 1915, Rapp

Daunhin et al., Li

Uaupil ,

805

(Schuster 1980); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952). Suwannee Co.: Breil (1970). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970).

Without Co.: Indian River, Austin s.n. (Schuster 1980).

Radul lisi icted I plain of SE United States, pti lly ingin the Apalachian

Escarpment gorges (Schuster 1980).

Radula pe (L.) Dushonk

Co.: Juniper Creek, ca. 3-4 prings, Ocala National F Schuster 33462 (NY). Without Co.: Evans & Nichols (1908);

Frye & Clark (1946).

Schuster (1980) considered that this record based on sterile plants needs verification of the occurrence of

paroecious specimens.

Retain flaccida Fidei & Gottsche

t. T NI

r 2009, Buck 54479

k, 18 Mar 1915, Small & Mosier 6005 i Evans 1917, EH & Clark 1946, cs 1980).

INV) Mi EN S o H :SDn LI

The reference cited by Frye & Clark is Graham 1933, a work from Surinam. This typical epiphyll seems now

extinct in the area (Schuster 1980).

Radula javanica Gottsche

Radula floridana Castle, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. 36:1. 1969. TYPE: FLORIDA. MIAMI-DADE CO.: Timms Hammock, 1915, Small & Mosier s.n.

E NY), fide Yamada (1991).

Collier-Seminole State Park; BapkiN Palm Epoca Sedes niii 26142, ad imd 1980). — Co.: along

oa River, Forest Rd. 13, A 27 Dec 1990, Breil 90-

5820 (DUKE). Miami-Dade Co.: Redland Hammocks near Homestead, Schuster 42129b, 42133, 42218a, 42271b, 44402 e 1980);

Everglades National Park, Paradise e Key, Royal Palm Hammock, Schuster 1907; ee 20180 (Schuster 1980); Timms Hammock, N of

estead, Schuster 22856, 22857c (Schuster 1980); ji National Park, N gany Hammock, SW of tip of Long Pine Key, Schuster

37301b, 37328a, 37317, 37341, 37342c, 37352b (Schuster ; Ross Costello H N of Homestead, IN (Schuster 1980).

Co.: Florida Keys, Small et al. 1524, 1526, 1535, 1548, 1554, 3663, 7819 (Schuster 1980). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Rapp 4 (Castle 1925,

Schuster 1980).

Schuster (1980) indicated that the type of Radula floridana is deposited in NY but it is not shown in the data-

base

Radula p Sul

Md — Forest, ina Lake Mee ime Camel Lake, Johnson's Juniper Swamp

1970 E us Wi pchoppy, Rte. 319, fl Ochlockonee River River (Breil 1970, Schuster 1980).

quadrata nid

Radula mollis Lindenb. & G

Radula andicola Steph., fide dpi (1993).

liberty Co.: puo usd Park, Rack ek rt 44098 Gomen 1000» animus Co.: Florida Caverns State Park, near Mariana,

Schuster 44136c (s on Ilex, Philliy 1980). Wakulla Co.: Wakulla Spring, Kurz

m (Schuster 1980); near Tallhassee, Kurz 35c, 53, 105 (Schuster 1980).

Radula sullivantii Austin

Citrus Co.: 3

3 mi E of Floral City, T20S, R20E, Sec. 13, on limestone boulder in low hammock, 16 Jan 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 302 Mia

Ee : Breil (1970). Leon Co.: Breil (1970). Liberty Co.: Bristol, McFarlin 1437 (Frye & Clark 1946); Breil (1970). Madison Co.: Breil

E... ] :derahle doubt that R. sulli tii in Florida. H point d out that it is eas-

ily confused with R. floridana (R. javanica).

REBOULIACEAE

Reboulia hemisphaeric

a (L.) a

Citrus Co.: Yulee Sugar Mill, near Homosass } lls of old, open, shallow curing pit, area rather dry, 20 May

98, Lassiter et al. 867 (USF). Columbia Co.: gue (1970). Escambia Co.: Belleview, 1891, EP & Cook s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937).

806 n [gem Do D i ID E i $T, cm

Gadsden Co.: Aspalaga, Kurz €> Little s.n. (K & Little 1933). Hamil Co.:S S Park, Schuster 87-068 (Schuster 1992b),

Leon Co.: ee IR on pes nins ee s.n. oo & Little 1933); Breil ideae ers Co.: pe q. Puk; aye 44041,

44047 (Schuster 1992b).

n. (Ku

dic 1933, Frye & Clark 1937). N Co.: Fort Clinch, Fernandina, Schuster s.n. (Schuster ‘aaah Seminole Co.: McFa iiis HOR

dfearn ea Schuster (1992b). Suwannee Co.: Breil (1970). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970). Volusia Co.: McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952);

Moa (1992

RICCIACEAE

Riccia idm Hampe

Alachua Co.: Gainesville, at the Campus, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933, Schuster 1992b); 3 mi W of Gainesville, pond, Little s.n. (Kurz &

Little bun: Duval Co.: Jacksonville, Donnell Smith s.n. (Evans 1912, Schuster 1992b). Without Co.: Frye & Clark (1937

Riccia cavernosa Hoffm.

Collier Co.: Tamiami Canal. 8 mi E of Ocl Scd 37302 (Scl 1992b). Lee Co.: near Corl S Schuster s.n. (Schuster

1992b). Manatee Co.: Redfearn (1952); atime (1992b). Polk Co.: Redfearn (1952); Schuster (1992b). dicia Co.: Sanford (Haynes

1915, Pans 1992b); Redfearn (1952).

iccia curtisii (Austin) Austin

Thallocarpus curtisii (Austin) Lindb.

— -— Hatchet Creek, 8 mi E of — ree s.n. (Kurz € Little 1933). Highlands Co.: McFarlin ( pis — (1952).

H Cowhouse Slough T28S, R19E, Sec. 12 ly fl 30J 1980,

Lassiter & Lei 294 (USF). Leon Co.: Tallahassee, Silver en 3miS bae) €—— Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933); Breil (1970).

Orange Co.: Haynes (1915). Polk Co.: Redfearn (1952). S ditches, Rapp 12 (Haynes 1915, Schuster

1992b); 1920, Rapp s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937); McFarlin (1940); Redf (1952). St. Lucie or Martin C E of Okeechobee City, ham-

mock, Britton & Britton 559 (NY). Suwannee Co.: Breil (1970).

After Schuster (1992b), the Tallahassee; James, Highlands, Polk and Seminol y records need revision.

dM meee E

mi E of Floral City, T20S, R20E, Sec. 13, common on open canal banks, 6 Mar 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 317 (USF); McFarlin

pond es (1952); SH wm Collier Co.: Big Cypress National Preserve, Roberts Lake Strand, T33E, R53N, Sec. 28, floating

submersed in water 1 m deep in baseball-sized masses, 5 = vil RANK et psi 191 ia F); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn gi: Schuster

(1992b). Gadsden pe Breil üsro; Bicis (1992b). E 52): S (1992b). Highlands Co.: McFarlin (1940);

199 DJ.

T28S, R19E, ux 15 eel e pares stump, 30 Dec

(1992b). Or H ). Pasco ee i

Flood Dx an Area and Well DON iie 1-75, T25S, R19E, Sec 14 flowing in about 1.5 ft. of i f

Redfearn (1952) Co.: Cowhouse Slough Hillsb h Ri

I : EA (TICE) Y (€ cn}

ped Aquifer, 28 Jun 1982, Rochow s.n. (USF). Pinellas Co.: Brook Code Park a

sunny, quiet creek, 18 Sep 1983, Lassiter et al. 720 (USE Polk Ca Dali eek ca o e

SS Bape y bes bes D did "og - ra at or & Clark a Merete (1940; Feofan (1952); Schuster (1992b). S Co.:

Withi T215, R21E, Sec 31, attached to lime-

stone rocks with aa natans in oxbow, 31 a 1992, vanHoek 235 (USF). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970); Schuster (1992b).

After Schuster (1992) Redfearn (1952) records belong to R. stenophylla. This species is common all over the

region (Kurz & Little 1933).

Riccia gougetiana Durieu & Mont

Riccia donnellii Austin, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6:157. 1877. TYPE: FLORIDA. DUVAL CO.: Jacksonville, in a garden, Feb 1877, Donnell Smith

s.n. ipa ~~ US), fide Schuster (1992a).

achua d, 3 mi W of Gainesville, Little s.n. (Kurz € Little 1933). Duval Co.: Austi (Erve & Clark 1937). Hardee Co.: : McFarlin

PR RR Schuster (1992b). Highlands Co.: Highlands H k State Park. Schuster 44325 bases 1992b). Hi

Co.: Cowhouse iot den near niri ice River. dinge RISE, Sec. 12, common on o d Jan 1980, Lassiter &

Lassiter 288 (USF). P. f,

, on sand in dis iln: 9 stipe 1915); 1915, geris Rapp s.n. (Fry

(19928), Without Co.: Breil (1970).

Clark 1 O17 MaEarli 1040)- Deaf.

(1059). Cal

Riccia hirta (Austin) Underw.

oa Bluff A lack la Ri Crhucter 22292 (Qat 10091

Riccia howei R.M. Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 71:271. 1992. Tyre: FLORIDA. COLLIER Co: along Tamiami Canal Schuster 37303.

Dauphin et al., Li 1L + £ Flavt 807

Collier Co.: along Tamiami Canal, Schuster 37303 (Schuster 1992). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Rapp s.n., 12 Apr 1911 (Haynes 1920, Schuster

19922).

Plants presumably belonging here have been reported as R. curtisii from Leon and Suwannee Cos. by Breil

(1970) fide Schuster (1992a). Distribution: Florida and Georgia.

Riccia huel i Lindenb. subsp. sullivantii (Austin) R.M. Schust.

Riccia sullivantii Aus

Co.: B am, proia (1992b). Gadsden Co.: Aspalaga Bluff, Apalachicola River, Schuster 33327 (Schuster 1992b). Leon Co.:

E—— E ver Li 3 mi S from Tallahassee, Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933); Breil (1970); Scl (1992b). Polk Co.: McFarlin (1940);

Redfearn (1952); E (1992b). S (1940 (1952); Scl (1992b). Without Co.: Kurz & Little (1933);

Frye € p (1937)

Riccia "UE R.M. Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 71:271. 1992. Type: FLORIDA: 1890-1891, Underwood s.n.

(HO!

Without Co.: “cali 2199 (Schuster 1992b).

Distribution: known only from Florida and Texas. This is closely related to R. curtisii, R. howei, and R. com-

pacta (African) as discussed by Schuster (1992b).

Riccia membranacea Gottsche et. al

Gadsden Co.: along Apalachicola River (Breil 1970); Aspalaga Bluff on Apalachicola River, Sch 33326 (Schuster 1992b). Without Co.:

Bischler-Causse et al. (2005)

Riccia sorocarpa Bises

Leon Co.: Tallahassee. 3 mi g 1 Q = AAA Se T ittlo 1022): Rroil (107011 Sr} (1992b). Without Co.: Frye & Clark

(1937)

k State Park, Schuster 83-2009 (Schuster 1992b). Without Co.: Bischler-Causse et al. (2005).

Riccia stenophylla Spruce

Hiehlands Ca - Hich] LEH

Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda

rca natans L.

itrus Co.: desi Floral Long e T20S, R20E, Sec 13 i d d l banks, 6 Mar 1980, I

318 (USF). DeSoto Co.: ca SR 72 and Pine Level Road, T385, R23E, Sec 4, SE 1/4, floating in large, ho ek.

in full sun, 1 s 1977, «pus s.n. (USF). Gadsden Co.: Aspalaga Bluff, Apal River, Schuster 33329 (Schuster 1992b); Breil (1970).

€»: spe Park, near Brooksville l f h, 9 Jan 1982, Lassiter & Lassiter 576 (USF).

Highlands C. Park io e s.n. (Schuster 1992). lessons ars ela DN above 30th St. Bridge, 28

Apr 1969, Bate sa s.n. (USF). Jackson = eei seinen Jefferson Co.: ca. 9 mi W of C y 544 ie Breil (1970).

3 mi W of Tallahassee, Sch vitant 19926) Breil aoro» Liberty ae Br 10970 EPN Co.: Sanford, side of

ditch Rapp 8 (H: 1, Rapp s.n. ( R aie Wiblacoce River, shies

Island Recreation Area, C portion of the Withl hee State F T215, R2IE, Sec 31

lans in oxbow, 31 Jan 1992, vanHoek 234 (USF). Without Co.: Frye & Clark (1937) 1. (2005)

This species is in ponds in North Florida (Kurz & Little 1933).

SCAPANIACEAE

Scapania nemorea (L.) Dumo

Bay Co.: : Breil s SOMMA Co.: dd (1970). Gadsden Co.: Breil (1970). Hami

Co: Alum Bluff, 19 } 394 (Frye & Clark 1946); Torreya State Park, Schuster s.n. (Schuster 1974); Breil (1970). Walton Co.: Breil

(1970). Was] ica Co.: Breil (1970).

1/1070) Y (€. Breil (1970). Libe:

SPHAEROCARPACEAE

"Haerocarpos donnellii Austin, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6:157. 1877. Tyre: FLORIDA: in Gardens, Feb-Mar 1877, Austin

: Payne's Sods 4 mi S of Gainesville, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933). Citrus Co.: 3 mi E of Floral City, T20S, R20E, Sec 13,

lac Co.

shaded bank of O nal, 17 Mar 1980, L Lane 324 ian one (1940); Redfearn (1952). Collier Co.: Tamiami ee near

Ochopee, Schuster 37301 on 1992a). D ill Donnell-Smith s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933). E

1 Lis Da p E hit 1412 £T. PISÀ

808

Brooksville, 1 il at the edge of Il lak he N side of Rt. 50 m pé d SF). Hills

Co.: Cilia Slough, near Hillsborough shiver T285, RI9E, Sec. 12 r 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 357 (USF).

dus

em hassee, Silver Lake, 3 mi S from Tallahassee, ws s.n. Eme «€ Lit eat el dom er n pEr e

| along MyakkaR Schuster 82-FAA1

on anti in fields, Rapp I7 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, 1912, Rapp s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937, Schuster 1992a); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952).

Sphaerocarpos texanus Austin

Co.: de Prairie, 4

1933). Higl A 1940); Redfi (1952); Scl (19922). Leon Co.: Tallahassee

s.n (Kuss & Little 1933); Breil (1970); Scl (19923). M Co.: McFarli

Sanford, on walks, mixed with Ricciella crystallina, Rapp 21 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, 1912, Rapp s.n. (Frye & Clark 1937, Schick 19922)

McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970); Schuster (1992a).

Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933); 3 mi W of Gai ill —— peti (Kurz & Little

corn field, Kurz

(10A(- ReAf. /1050»- CAL /f10004!

TRICHOCOLEACEAE

Trichocolea tomentella ie Dumort.

Gadsden Co.: Kurz s.n. (Schuste k S of Bristol (Breil 1970)

ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA

ANTHOCEROTACEAE

Anthoceros agrestis I Paton

I ) Schljal b (Paton) R.M. Schust. var. agrestis (Paton) R.M. Schust.

Alachua Co.: Gainesville (Schuster bra Seminole Co; qim 1923, CU pst 992b). Orange Co.: Winter Park, 1924,

Haynes s.n. (Schuster 1992b). Hills} g 0-233 (Schuster 1992b).

Anthoceros punctatus L.

Alachua C i ille, along k S of Athletic Field, Little s.n. (K & Little 1933). Leon Co.: Tallahassee, 3 ds Quin y along

Rte. 1, Kurz s.n. (K & Little 1933); Breil (1970). Seminole Co.: Sanford, on sandy bank, earth, and logs, Rapp 47 (Haynes 1915).

thoceros scariosus Austin

Anthoceros punctatus var. eatonii Austin, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6:27. 1875. TYPE: FLORIDA: 1874, Eaton s.n.

Aspiromitus scariosus (Austin) R.M. Schust

Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.

Anthoceros carolinianus Michx.

Anth 1 13 bh des

I (Michx.) R.M. Schust.

Ph laevis (L.) Prosk subsp. lini (Michx.) Prosk., fide Breil (1970)

Phaeoceros donnellii (Austin) J. Haseg.

a dn Ant, „Bull. Torrey Bot. pia sabe TYPE: E: ELORIDA: SW Florida, banks of Caloosahatchee River, Mar nn

(HOLOTY

Alachua Co.: G ong creek S of Athletic Field, Little s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933). Calhoun Co.: Breil (1970); d Qu

adsden Co.: Breil (1970): Schuster (1992b). Hernando Co.: 3-4 mi NW of Brooksville, Schuster 22107 (Schuster 1992b).

Highlands Hammock State Park, W of Sebring, Schuster 44285 (Schuster 1992b). Leon Co.: Tallahassee, 3 mi towards Quincy along Rte- l,

Kurz s.n. (Kurz & Little 1933); Tallahassee, 1943, Schornherst s.n. (Breil 1970, Schuster 1992b); Breil (1970). Levy Co.: N of Cedar Key, along

State Road 24, Cedar Key Scrub Reserve, in swamp, 1990-1992, Amoroso 678 (FLAS, Amoroso & Judd 1995). Liberty Co. : Rock Creek P

Sy aa Torreya State Park, Schuster 44092 Pama Mm: Quir: Co.: 10 mi N of Apopka, Conard 53-40 (Schuster 1992b).

E of Haines City, Conard s.n. (Schuster 1992b). Pu N gs, Schuster 42210 (Schuster 1992b). Seminole

ey on earth and logs, Rapp 46 (Haynes 1915); Sanford, Rapp s.n. (Schuster 1992). Taylor Co.: Breil (1970); Schuster (1992b).

Sphaerosporoceros adscendens (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Hassel

Anthoceros adscendens | & Lindenb.

Anthoceros olneyi Austin, me tes Bot. Club 6:29. 1875. TYPE: FLORIDA: Chapman s.n. (HOLOTYPE: NY).

Seele cies I Lindenb.) R.M. Schust.

Ha aynes 2151 (Schuster 1992b). F Li Real (107M. C. (1992b). Hardee Co.: side of stream, Robinson

Duval

s.n. (Schuster 1992b); 10 Mar 1954, Robinson s.n. (Schuster 1992b). Leon Co.: Breil (1970); Schuster (1992b). Seminole Co.: Sa nford, Rapp

82 (Schuster 1992b); Lake Harney, Rapp s.n. (Schuster 1992b). Without Co.: Chapman s.n. (Schuster 1992b).

Dauphin et al., Li t dh Poe eae is

NOTOTHYLADACEAE

Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull.

Co.: Breil (1970). Gadsden Co.: Breil (1970). Leon Co.: Apalachicola National Forest, Rocky Bluff Scenic Area, ca. 3 mi SW of

Bloxham, seepy bank and floodplain of Ochlockonee River, 4 Dec 1988, Buck 16702 (NY). Wakulla Co.: Breil (1970).

DUBIOUS AND EXCLUDED TAXA

Blassia pusilla L.

Biden Co. Glen Juli ad beech-Magnolia ravine (Breil 1970)

A o

This report is based on a

trichomanis (L.) Corda, and Crotz (1983).

Columbia Co.: Cedar Head Spring, High S White, SII ee ee qe J

25 Mar 1944, Breen 2268 (NY). Levy C ing Springs, submerged li , 8 Sep 1940, Breen 854 (NY). Marion Co.:

Ocala, Jan 1891, Underwood 285 (NY). Seminole Co.: Sanford, Jan 1910, Rapp 53 (NY); Sanford, on ditch bank, Rapp 54 (Haynes 1915, Frye

& Clark 1946); McFarlin (1940); Redfearn (1952).

C (C1 hk

on moist soil,

r eo

In North America, the name Calypogeia trichomanis has been used by various authors to represent what is

known today as Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffner) K. Müller or C. azurea Stotler and Crotz. Given that C.

azurea is a northern plant not known from the southeastern U.S., the reports below (as C. trichomanis) may

well represent C. muelleriana but even that species is widely confused with C. fissa. Crum (1991, p. 63 & 64)

stated “The actual separation of C. fissa from C. muelleriana is not clearly established” and C. muelleriana “is

olten impossible to differentiate from C. fissa."

Chiloscyphus coadunatus (Sw.) R.M. Schust & JJ. Engel

Loph 1 bid. /(1 : D

Gadsden C. A 1 Pilaff al A E pec ais R

il 1970).

O "E

Notincluded from Florida by Schuster (1980), wh idered f thern Alabama and Florida to

be missidentificaitons of Chiloscyphus apalachicolus.

hus muricatus (Lehm .) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust.

Lophocolea muricata (Lehm.) Nees

Reported by Frye and Clark (1943) based on reports by Stephani (1906-1909). Schuster (1980) excludes this

laxon from Florida, claiming that there are no herbarium specimens available at G; he considered the occur-

rence of the species in Florida questionable. No specimens seen.

Cololejeunea biddlecomiae (Aust.) A. Evans

Neported from Miami-Dade County by Frye & Clark (1947). Schuster (1980) did not report the species from

Florida and considered previous reports erroneous, based on misidentifications of C. contractiloba or

Aphanolejeunea tuberculata (= C. clavatopapillata). He also stated that in the area it is replaced by C. ornata and

C contractiloba. No specimens seen.

Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort.

Only one specimen known from Florida (Jefferson Co.: Monticello, on bark of trees, 4 Feb 1890, s.c. 39 [ex

Underwood herbarium] (NY). Other specimens all from northeastern states collected in the late 1880's.

Schuster (1992a) considered this to be a strictly European species closely related to F. appalachiana and F. ebo-

"censis. but further study of the complex is needed. No specimens seen.

Frulliana kunzei var. maritima R.M. Schust., J Hattori Bot. Lab. 70:145. 1991. Tyre: FLORIDA. COLLIER CO.: Collier-

Seminole State Park, in mature mangrove swamp forest, on bark of Laguncularia, Schuster 76-390. Nom. Inval. (herbarium not

Specified).

810 i ti (2

Frullania plana 5 Sall.

Collier Co.: 1935, 991 (Evans & Nichols 1908, Frye & Clark 1947).

10 : dH f, t T : im Elarid

Schuster (1992a) d references to p erroneous.

Frullania riparia Hampe ex Lehm.

Reported from Florida by Redfearn (1952), but needs verification (Schuster 19922). No specimens seen.

Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort.

i £100).)

Frullania asagrayana Mont., fi (1 i

Collier Co.: 1935, McFarlin & Grout 997 (Frye & Clark 1947). Without Co.: Jan—Apr 1891, Underwood 2501a (NY).

We follow Schuster (1992a) in concluding that Frullania tamarisci and F. tamarisci subsp. asagrayana do not

occur in Florida.

E. n i$ x 1 1 de

p. asagrayana (Mont.) S.Hatt.

Frullania asagrayana Mont.

“Confined to eastern North America, from (?) Baffin 1. (p. 57) and northern Newfoundland southward to

?Florida (Hattori, 1972a, p. 232), westward to Ontario, Minnesota, Oklahoma, im MEA. ese to the

Ozark Mts. of Missouri” (Schuster 19922). He further states “I I thern

Florida and Breil (1970) also fails to report it from there; it seems absent in the entire region of the Coastal

Plain, except in Va.-North Carolina, from South Carolina to Louisiana.” No specimens seen.

Kantia aquatica Underw, Hep. Americanae 107. Original Material. USA. Florida: Marion Co., Ocala Scott's Springs, submerged 2-3

feet under water, Jan 1891, Underwood & Cook 107 (FLAS!, US).

1 J 1

The material distri under thi deposited in FLAS, belongs to Lejeunea floridana A. Evans. The genus

Kantia i ym of Caly i lle 1983b

Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb.

According to Schuster (1980) the pos hin gens by Frye and Clark (1947) are misidentifications of L.

flava. Reports by Redfearn (1952) (Schuster 1980). No specimens seen.

Metzgeria conjugata Lindb.

Without Co.: Mohr (1901); mm & Clark (1937).

We accept Schuster's opinion (Schuster 19922) that the Florid } based on old misdeterminations

Microlejeunea ruthii A. Evans

Lejeunea ruthii (A. Evans) R.M. Schust., fide Thiers in prep.

Reported from Florida by Schuster (1962), but later (1980) said to have been in error and confused with

Lejeunea autoica (See Lejeunea filipes).

Odontoschisma sphagni (Dicks.) Dumort.

Reported from Florida by Mohr (1901) and Frye and Clark (1945) based isidentification of O. prostratum:

Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk.

Reported from Florida by Kurz & Little (1933) and Schuster (1992b). Stotler and Crandall-Stotler (2005) ex

clude this species from North America, consider ing tl misapplied to P. carolinianus, P. mohrii or P. ore

ganus. No specimens seen.

Plagiochila sullivantii Gottsche

Escambia Co.: Pensacola, 1935, Frye s.n. crias 1945). Miami-Dade C

(Frye € Clark 1945); McFarlin (1940); Redfi C

T t1967

.: Timms Hammock near Homestead, McFarlin 6 Gro

Key Largo, 1934, McFarlin s.n. (Frye & Clark 1945).

faunbi et al Li + JL + Lined 811

vaup r

Schuster (1959, 1980) clearly establishes P. sullivantii as a southern Applalachian endemic with reports from

Florida (and elsewhere) representing “gross errors in determination” or “mere compilations of the erroneous

literature.”

Ms boni i bsp. sabalina R.M. Schust., Hep. Anthoc. North Amer. 6:173. 1992, nom. nud.

bal XA r

Schuster fails to provide a Latin diagnosis and states “Reboulia hemispherica subsp. sabaliana R.M. Schust., J.

Hattori Bot. Lab. 72, 1992 [in press].” No publication of the name was found in The Journal of the Hattori

Botanical Laboratory. Known only from the specimen cited as typer: ee Hamilton Co.: Suwannee

River State Park, Schuster 87-068. Plant best refered to Reboulia ! I lato

Rectolejeunea evansiana R.M. Schust. Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 4:1127. 1980; nom. nud.

Schuster (1980) cites two collections (Florida. Collier Co.: Collier-Seminole State Park, 19-21 Dec 1950,

Schuster 2037, 2037a) and does not designate one as the t quired by the ICBN. The specimens cited by

Schuster have not been seen by us, so we are hesitant to validate the name by publishing a holotype selection.

Additional specimens: Collier Co.: Collier-Seminole State Park, Schuster 26120 (Schuster 1980); Everglades, 3 mi S of Monroe Station on

in Road } 1 fg É Bk CE 771cC0/C.1 105 M, P ad T: 1 J NI i 1n. 1 1. fI 1 £

11 land hard 11 k, 7 Feb 1982, Lassiter & Lassiter 595 (USF).

Riccia canaliculata Hoffm.

Schuster (1992b) cites “Ochlochonee R., Wakulla Co. (Breil, 1970); archegonia; questionable” and later on

same page says “Apparently absent east of the Mississippi R., except for the Michigan Report.” No specimens

seen

Riccia crystallina L.

Reported from Florida by numerous authors (i.e., Kurz & Little 1933; McFarlin 1940; Redfearn 1952; Frye €

Clark 1937, Haynes 1915) based on misidentifications of Riccia cavernosa. Riccia crystallina is not known to

occur in North America (See also Schuster 1992b).

pud latifi Lindb

Alachua Co.: Devil's Milll , 6 mi NW of Gainesville, Little s.n. Pine & Little 1933, it & Clark 1937). Calhoun Co.: Breil (1970);

Schuster vod Citrus Co: — (1952); Schuster (19922). C il (1970); Schuster (19922). Dixie Co.: Breil (1970);

Schuster (19923), mati Co.: ara ravine, sico (Kur & Little bia Breil (1970); Scl (19923). Hernando Co.:

C «^g River, low g spring p k, 20 Jan 1980, Lassiter & Lassiter 291 (USF). Hillsborough

Co.: Fowl ] Fletcher A I f Sabal palmetto, 19 Mar iid rep 696 pi nte

la de on rotting wood, 29 May 1980, Sauleda et al. 3583 (1 JSF).1 C (19922).

Cedar Key, along State pue AH codas Key ae Reserve, oe 1990-1992, Ameren a eN vis (FLAS, Anoop e me

Co.: SR 20 near H g g [ [adj

‘ent pineland, 1 Sep 1984, Lassiter et al. 2022 (USF). Seminole Co.: McFarlin (1940); Redf 1952); Scl (19922) Wakulla € Co.: Breil

(1970); Schuster (1992a).

1 y 9 Hi BP N RR bs +

After 25 years of floristic field work in U.S., P.G. Davison has | bl

tm U.S. We moes es (nw pannos mat ao pn is dc: at t best as hibet. in the

Southeastern U.S. T

Old, sterile specimens lakiüe ytological fi i lly impossible to identify h confidence.

Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort.

E by Buch (1928) and Frye and Clark (1946), apparently based on misidentifi f S. nemorea (See

üster 1974),

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A visit of the first author to FLAS in Gainesville was funded by The Florida Museum of Natural History, and his

812 | IE el Dat : ALD Lt 3 £T, 5(2)

visit to USF as an invitation of the USF Institute of Systematic Botany. Barbara Thiers allowed the first author

the use of her FNA Lejeuneaceae manuscript. Juan Carlos Villarreal revised the nomenclature in the

Anthocerotophyta. Tamás Pócs, Barbara Thiers, and Virginia Freire kindly helped with literature. Lorinda

Leonardi kindly provided information on Ptilidium pulcherrimum in Florida. Bruce Hansen provided many

helpful comments on the d dus We ingi Matt von Konratt, Anders Harborg, Lars Söderström, and an

y for their I E 55

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74:1-98. j

VASCULAR FLORA OF TWO CONSERVATION LANDS IN CHARLOTTE AND

DESOTO COUNTIES, FLORIDA AND NOTES ON THE FLORA OF FLORIDA

Alan R. Franck

Department of Cell o Mii br Molecular Biology

rsity of South Fl

Le pret 33620- 28d = rte

afranck@mail.usf.edu

ABSTRACT

study documented 611 taxa. Coeffici f i l pplied flect the quality of habitat. Data from floristic inventories

nlani 4+} Ri Í E ia 13 4 om UIDERI p Igi 234 X L 1 1 f1

RESUMEN

Para i 1 UE Y 1 UNES 1.4 3 | 1 1 ] Doc n 4 1 : CIUS. See PPTI

largo del Peace River. El estudio d 5 611 taxa. Se oe lores del coeficiente d ión [ flejar la calidad del

hábitat. S I il d lei inc fl p : ] iq A p : AGA R E T

"M : deriq de especies de pl 1 1 i 33e River ( FL) y de Lake Okeechobee

len. As El Tox 1 A 1

INTRODUCTION

The currently 1 ascular ies ricl f the 67 counties within Florida ranges from 459 to 1706

(Wunderlin ¢ & Holes 2008), umm which are based on herbarium records and published accounts. The

disparity is largely from a lack of voucher specimens from under-collected counties (Williams & Debelica

2008). Before this study began, about 750 vascular plant taxa had been vouchered for Charlotte Co. and 664 for

Moe Co. e & Hansen 2008). In order to Petiet ant the species pos in the Hora of

letely document the study „afl y d out on con 1

m in Charlotte and DeSoto cos. (Fig. 1).

Floristic inventories can be used to judge the quality of habitat by applying coefficient of conservatism

values (Wilhelm 1977; Swink & Wilhelm 1979). These values are assigned individually to taxa and have a

Tange of 0—10, with a value of 10 incen de taxa m are MEE confined to unaltered, relatively pristine

h number assigned is arbitrary, the com-

habitat and 0 to taxa that are common t

Parison and assemblage of tl i timation of habitat quality. Values have been assigned

most of the native taxa of south Florida Morte etal. 2009). These values were applied to the inventory

l0 assess the quality of habitat.

As D area and eoe —— rev a po — aa 1921; Williams 1943; Preston

1962), flor Į her lesser known areas. Williams

bio, (2008)

tichness estimates of vasca plants for counties within Florida, a new analysis was performed to include

recent epi records and toriste inventories, kacor parat counties with well known floras, and restrict the

inclusion of dat herbarium vouchers.

—

e ES eee f ies in Florida. To update species

SITE OVERVIEW

(CUTEMNAJMA TY f

reer. —The Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFW? ation

ndalong Peace River: Deep Creek Preserve (DCP) and Prairie/Shell Creek (PSC) (Fig. 1). DCP contains a total

896 ha, 876 ha in DeSoto Co. and 20 ha in Charlotte Co. PSC comprises 246 ha in Charlotte Co. At their

o o

Bat. Res. Inst Texas 5(2): 815 — 835. 2011

816

—zZ A —

A $ A da not contain

f: k D: (NCD) A DCF (DeaiviniChall f.

i + £n

Fic. 1 p )

e kK Hi E yee 2 fel Lk DnDCfÉ M Kl 1

Ty laj tate 75 (1-75).

D. D. A h

Peace River (Peace R.), and Shell Creek (Shell Crk.).

closest points, DCP and PSC are about 2.8 km apart, and at their farthest points, about 10.4 km apart. DCP oc:

cupies the physiographic region of the Gulf Coastal Lowlands and PSC is within the Caloosahatchee Valley

(White 1970).

DCP lies along about 4 km of the W side of Peace River, about 17 km upstream of Charlotte Harbor. bo:

approximate center of DCP is 27°02'45"N, 82°00'20"W. The northern property boundary is marked by SW

Peace River Street and a residential section at the north-central boundary. To the west is commercially-zoned

fallow land, a golf driving range, and a few residential lots. Southwest of DCP lie intact flatwoods, hammocks,

and marshes. To the east is Peace River, which anastomoses to form islands, some part of DCP.

PSC sits at the NE corner of the juncture of Peace River and Shell Creek, about 13 km upstream f

Franck, V. i nm £9 + I ee a PE 817

Charlotte Harbor. The ie center of mel is 26°59' wnat iuc 17"W. PSC is bordered by residential

1 1 1

property to the north and Motte E I g y. US 17 runsalong

itseastern boundary. The west th boundari ked by Peace River dini Shell Creek. A

north-south jdn bisects pots

Geology.—Expose d diments of DCP and PSC are eig i anels ies by Fiditioce

sea shores adri 1984; Cowherd et al. 1989). Below tl

shell. The Peace River Formation occurs from 0—30 m below mean sea level and the Hawthorn Group at 30—

150 m. Both consist of intermixed quartz sands, clay, and carbonates. Suwannee Limestone reaches to about

150 m below mean sea level.

Soils —The soils of DCP and PSC are predominantly sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic haplaquods of the

spodosols soil order (Henderson Jin dpi et al. 1989). Spodosols refers to the presence of amorphous

aluminum and H terized by a MS none and a shallow, fluctuating

water table. Tidally- fl Laos atiumd prists of the histosols soil or-

der (Henderson 1984; Cowherd et al. 1989). Histosol dc a high amount of organic material and sulfisa-

prists are gone "i sulfate soils.

Topography.—C ti

and depression asd The maximum eleison is dium 9mat DCP oe 1987) d 4 m at PSC (USGS

1989) ). Elevation g llyd t level around P

“1] £ j 5 |

Sea Level. Ahiri the last onai period about 120 Ka ago, sea levels were bos 6 m above current

levels. The last glacial maximum Ka ago during the Wisconsin Glacial Episode. Sea levels then

were about 120 m below current sea levels. Sea level rise was relatively rapid during the period between 6-18

Ka ago and then gradually reached current levels (Muhs et al. 2003). During the last glacial maximum, Peace

River likely merged with the Myakka River before emptying out to sea (Herwitz 1977). Sea level rise has inun-

dated this juncture, resulting in the present estuarine Charlotte Harbor (Herwitz 1977).

Hydrology.—Both properties border the southern Peace River, where it begins to form a drowned river

valley and well-mixed estuary. DCP derives its name from Deep Creek, a tributary of Peace River, which starts

and ends along DCP. The source of Deep Creel d from Peace River by a narrow strip of forest.

Between 1958 and 1968, it was artificially connected to pial River (UF 2004-2010). PSC is derived from the

Peace River tributaries Prairie Creek and Shell Creek. These creeks merge upstream of PSC and flow into the

Peace River at the W end of PSC. The Peace River is harvested for drinking water at the RV Griffin Reserve,

about 3 km N and upstream of DCP. The City of Punta Gorda uses Shell Creek for its source of water.

terne: from the sees Rivor drainage Mr is sb sor pennies "e pins sap:

a maximum amplitude of 1 m. An fhe: i end of DCP aont Peace } Roa E eden are predominantly bul

water and gradually | wnstreait Shell c PSC

The surficial aquifer ei per i psc. is primarily mirean, dai e Eon the upper Peace River

Formation to ei T , confined by the Peace

River Formation. The Floridan Aquifer is botica in the Suwannee Limestone, Ocala Formation, and Avon

Park Formation (Henderson 1984; Cowherd et al. 1989).

Climate.—DCP and PSC have a subtropical climate characterized by a humid, rainy, wet season (June-

September) having convectional rain, frequent thunderstorms, and occasional tropical cyclones. The dry sea-

son (Oct-May) i is much cooler and drier with most rain coming from cold fronts. During the warm phase (El

Niño) of the Southern Oscillation (~5-year cycle), the dry season tends to be wetter than in the cool phase (La

M Wes usn rainislial increases during the warm phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (~70-

year cycle) (PBS&J 2007). From 1915-2010, the wet season in DeSoto and Charlotte cos. averaged 81.3 cm of

‘ainfall and 50.9 cm in the dry season (SWFWMD n.d.). Rainfall pH is approximately 4.8.

Data averaged from Tampa and Miami indicates the percent possible sunshine ranges from 7596 in May to

62% in December (NCDC n.d.). The potential evapotranspiration rate is about 130 cm/yr and the actual is

er ee | seal D hi H er

818 (2)

— 100 —1 ert 1977). The actual evapotranspiration rate subtracted from annual rainfall

cm/yr, among the lowest in the state.

NCDC data from Fort iei about 40 km SSE of DCP and PSC, is used to characterize wind, humidity,

and — data; Mean m sid. is 5 kamon. a rna east (NCDC n.d.). ea relative

humidity

to 4796 in April. Nohid daily maximum baeri i liim 332? 6n August to 24.1°C in es

B of days pet year at ot below

"e range pott n sie in August to 12.5°C in January. T

one ( (NCDC n d.)

Historic Destonal Vegetation.—Pollen cores from Lake Annie (ca. 65 km ENE of DCP and PSC) show a

ree of imi 37 Kato ys Ka ago, ew ofa "- api gis was a spike of Quercus around

9 Ka ago td from around 5 Ka ago, remain-

ing relatively stable since (Watts 1975). Pollen cores from Fakahatchee Strand State Park (ca. 130 km SSE of

DCP and PSC) show an increase in Taxodium and a decline in Pinus around 3 Ka ago, suggesting an increase in

available moisture (Donders et al. 2005).

Pollen cores from Rookery Bay (ca. 100 km SSE of DCP and PSC) show noticeable declines of Taxodium

around 1870 and of Pinus around 1950, both Mace to intensive cou ie increase in the abundance of

ee pouen Brig in ids early 1900s and Į 50 corresponds to an increase in

al. 2008).

Radiol History —Th ^ tent of the Calusa may 1 4 16 oh ADCP

and PSC until their decline around 1700 (Widmer 1988). Spanish AREAN stayed in Charlotte Harbor from

about 1750 to 1830 (Hammond 1973). Seminoles occupied areas along the Peace River and Charlotte Harbor

until the 1850s (Covington 1993). Settlers began occupying nearby Punta Gorda in the 1880s (Peeples 1967)

and the railroad bisecting PSC was completed in 1886 (Peeples 1980). In the 1920s the botanist J.K. Small

(1922) explored and traveled through Punta Gorda, Peace River, and Prairie Creek, also documenting many

specimens of the rare Deeringothamnus in the area. The development of Port Charlotte began in the 1950s

(Anonymous 1959). In September 1960 the center of Hurricane Donna passed about 10-20 km E of PSC asa

category 4 storm (NOAA n.d.). The center of Hurricane Charley passed about 15 km NW of DCP asa category

4 storm in August 2004 (NOAA n.d.), causing many pine trees to topple which were consequently salvage-

logged at DCP.

Land Use.—DCP and PSC have both | dt le in the past. The NW corner of DCP was cleared

before 1952 (UF 2004-2010) for pasture. It is now pud mown and contains picnic tables. Here also occurs

gravel parking lot. The NE corner of DCP has a mown lawn, paved parking lot, pavilion, restroom facilities,

and a retention pond, e are js Nac to a bod ramp on bg pé An old horse stable is situated in

midwestern DCP. P. PSC. A ds at PSC was the result ofa

sand mine. The rectangular eiriad in the SE corner of PSC appears to have been a borrow pit. Old turpen-

tine pots can be found in PSC. The flatwoods of DCP and PSC are usually prescribe-burned every 4— years.

Invasive plant species are neater Missis by SWFWMD. DCP is open to the public for recreational use in-

cluding hiking, camping, ! shing, and ional hunting for feral pigs (Sus scrofa). PSC has

hiking and fishing available.

METHODS

DCP was visited 28 times between July 2008 and August 2010 for usum wipes PSC was visited 16 times

between May 2009 and December 2010. Voucher specimens d at the University of South Florida

herbarium (USF). About half of the DCP and PSC databased hed, and currently avail-

able online (Wunderlin & Hansen 2008). Nomenclature, taxonomy, and sani follows Wunderlin and

Hansen (2005) with updates reflected on the herbarium's website Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (Wunderlin

& Hansen 2008).

The coefficient of conservatism values used follows Mortellaro et al. (2009). These values were made for

A ion lands in Florid 819

FANNA;

the d » pun Florida a as Bord ae Mortellaro et al. (2009), includes Charlotte Co. but not DeSoto

Co. A , the values were applied to the entire inventory.

To estimate species richness in Posa pum from land area, floristic inventories within Florida were

compiled (Table 1). Six counties well known, intensively studied floras and are rep-

resentative of the diverse geography of Florida were also included (Table 1). Four of these counties have the

state's four largest herbaria (Thiers n.d.). Escambia Co. represents the westernmost county and has a species

richness nearly equal to the counties with the four largest herbaria. Pinellas Co. was included because of its

smaller size. It is adjacent to Hillsborough Co. and well represented in the USF herbarium. County flora re-

cords from Wunderlin and Hansen (2008) are updated regularly and reflect current understanding.

Many studies used by Williams and Debilica (2008) were excluded here. Studies were excluded if they

were identified as surveys or checklists without supporting herbarium voucher information for the complete

list. Additional reasons were too few visits (often 5 or less), a presumption by the authors of the study to be an

incomplete list, or the listing of only woody plants. "e et al. Midi reported 899 taxa for Jonathan

Dickinson State Park, but because 38 taxa 1th 1 was 861. Land area for

Waccasassa Bay State Preserve was limited to the terrestrial panim; excluding 27.43 km? of submerged estu-

ary (Abbott & Judd 2000).

Species richness counted infraspecific taxa. mus native and exotic taxa were inicios Land area ex-

cluded most large, perennial open water bodies. Stat ty land are from the U.S. Census

Bureau (n.d.). Species richness isl land area (Table 1) were V MARNE and plotted. A linear regression

was then performed (Fig. 2). The linear equation obtained was then used to estimate species richness in all of

Florida and its counties based on its land area. The number of taxa currently known per county was then di-

vided by its estimated ep vr dm to n a age This p as an estimate, then represents the

percent of the flora that ha (Fig. 3)

RESULTS

À combined total of 611 taxa representing 121 families and 350 genera were documented at DCP and PSC.

Individually, 507 taxa were collected in DCP and 372 at PSC. There were a total of 240 county records, 78 for

Charlotte Co. and 162 for DeSoto Co. The families with the most taxa were Poaceae (86), Asteraceae (77),

Cyperaceae (53), and Fabaceae (41). The largest genus was Rhynchospora (14 taxa), followed by Cyperus (13),

Ludwigia H snare O), and Suerg e — 104 exotic taxa representing 17.0% of the flora were

recorded. T e Poaceae (22), Fabaceae (14), and Ast (9). There

Were 23 taxa listed as Category I in the FLEPPC (2009) and 12 Category II taxa. The Category I taxon Pistia

Ene is ole as native here. One taxon, Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. acuta, was recorded as newly

Nunderlin et al. 2010)

There were four endangered hered: Lechea divaricata, R , Tillandsia fasciculata, and

T utriculata. There five tl d taxa hered: Acrostichum aureum, Lilium catesbaei, Opuntia stricta,

Pteroglossaspis ecristata, and Tülandeia balbisiana. Four taxa recorded are ésto cio as commercially ex-

ploited: Encyclia tampensis, O. da cinnamomea, O galis var. spectabilis, and Zamia pumila (Coile &

Garland 2003)

Species that were collected at or near their known southern distributional limits of SW Florida include

Carex stipitata, Clematis crispa, Euthamia graminifolia, Gelsemium sempervirens, Gordonia lasianthus, Ludwigia

Palustris, Panicum longifolium, Panicum verrucosum, Phoebanthus grandiflorus, Physostegia leptophylla,

Rhynchospora cephalantha, Rubus pensylnnikus, Rumex estatales Styrax americanus, Vaccinium stamineum,

Vernonia gigantea, and Vicia floridana. Speci d at or near their | I limits of SW

Florida include Annona glabra, Polysoneila polygama var. brachystachya, Randia aculeata, Roystonea regia, and

Vernonia blodgettii.

Native taxa that were documented and are uncommonly collected in the region include Annona glabra,

Chrysopogon pauciflorus, Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa, Hymenocallis tridentata, Lythrum lineare, and

820 I 1 n£ ob D 1.1 D hi H £T. EIs

Tani F 1 Floristici 1 f, g f] g land log species richness

Site Land area Log land Species Log sp. Reference

(km?) area richness richness

USDA Subtropical korei Research 0.02 -1.70 159 2.20 Kabat et al. 2006

Station (Miami-

Dunedin Hammock lbid Co.) 0.34 -0.47 336 2.53 Genelle & Fleming 1978

Weaver Creek Wetland cpm a Co.) 0.55 -0.26 102 2.01 Holt 2008

Gold Head et Ravine (Clay Co.) 0.88 -0.06 356 2.55 White & Judd 1985

Morningside e Center sl Co.) 1.12 0.05 511 2.71 Kabat 2003

Churchil ah Paix a Co.) 17 0.23 368 2.57 Franck & Wunderlin 2009

Starkey Wilderness Preserve (Pasco Co.) 45 0.65 483 2.68 Ferguson & Wunderlin 2006

Dog Island (Franklin Co.) 7.45 0.87 393 2.59 Anderson & Alexander 1985

Ichetucknee Springs State Park 9.07 0.96 604 2.78 Herring & Judd 1995

(Suwannee & Columbia c

O'Leno State Park & Northeast River Rise 9.23 0.97 540 243 Tan & Judd 1995

State Preserve (Alachua & Columbia cos.)

Manatee Springs State Park (Levy Co.) 9.33 0.97 360 2.56 Gulledge & Judd 2002

Little Manatee River State Park 9.8 0.99 523 2.72 Myers & Wunderlin 2003

(Hillsborough Co.

Deep art Preserve & i as Creek 11.42 1.06 611 2.79 This study

(DeSoto & Charlott

Paynes int State picker upland 11.6 1.06 573 2.76 Easley & Judd 1990

lachua Co.)

Cedar Key Scrub State Reserve (Levy Co.) 20.2 1.31 449 2.65 Amoroso & Judd 1995

Tiger ere Preserve & Saddle Blanket 23.08 1.36 553 2.4 Corogin & Judd 2009

Scrub Preserve (Polk Co.)

Marco Bd (Collier Co.) 33.88 1.53 470 2.67 Wilder & Roche 2009

Jonathan Dickinson State Park 46.42 1.67 861 2.94 Roberts et al. 2006

(Martin & Palm Beach cos.)

Paynes Prairie State Preserve, 56.1 1.25 422 2.63 Patton & Judd 1986

basin/hammock idm

Waccasassa Bay State Preserve "id Co.) 97.45 1.99 576 26 Abbot & Judd 2000

Myakka id sate ah (Saraso’ 116.86 2.07 731 2.86 Huffman & Judd 1998

& Man, S.

Merritt ivi pr & Volusia cos.) 582.75 2.17 943 2.97 Poppleton et al. 1977

Pinellas Co. 725 2.86 1196 3.08 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

Escambia Co. 1715 3.23 1600 3.20 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

Leon Co. 1727 3.24 1702 373 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

: 264 3.35 1560 3.19 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

Hillsborough Co. 2722 3.43 1644 3.22 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

Miami-Dade Co. 5040 3.70 1696 3.23 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

Florida 139670 5.15 4248 3.63 Wunderlin & Hansen 2008

ee eee eee

Roystonea regia. Exotic taxa that are od de include Centratherum punctatum, Crassocephalum

crepidioides, Eragrostis scaligera, Eucalyptus is subsp. acuta, Murdannia spirata var. parviflora, and

Syagrus oe

l from 0-10, with a value of ten being a high confidence indicator

of high quality habitat sc a ee of zero n a ruderal area. The number of native taxa found for each

coefficient of conservatism value for DCP and PSC was as follows: value (10)-0 taxa, (9)-14, (8)-63, (7)-83. (6)

51, (5)-42, (4)-82, (3) bas Qr 48, poids - (0)-12. Fifty-seven native taxa did not have a reported value. The

104 exotic t ffi tism value of zero.

Regression memes of the log species richness (y) and log land area (x) within Florida (Table 1) produced

the equation y=0.206x + 2.4809 with an R? value of 0.8593 (Fig. 2). The equation can be rewritten as y-ü -—

x9206 where y is species richness and x is land area nid Aer eres MM to Florida and its coun-

ties to estimate species richness (Fig. 3; Table 2), the cox known floras were, in

Franck, Vi sá "I +i 1 ls ia Eo 821

5 y = 0.206x + 2.4809

&. 153 R? =0.8593

bind

E —-—— 1 0 l 2 op

Log land area (km )

Fig. 2 linear . £1 SC I qc 1 £ Tahia 1

ascending order, Lafayette, Hendry, Okeechobee, Glades, and Union. The counties estimated to have the most

well known floras were, in descending order, Leon, Franklin, Escambia, Hillsborough, and Alachua.

PLANT COMMUNITIES

The classification for plant communities follows the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI 2010). They are

stouped into eight categories: scrub, flatwoods, hammocks, marshes, baygall, tidal and floodplain, streams

and lakes, and ruderal.

Scrub.—The scrub in PSC makes up a significant portion of the property and supports a population of

scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). The scrub of DCP is inconspicuous and extremely tiny. One of the hall-

marks of scrub on both properties is bare patches of sand and ground lichens such as Cladina evansii, C. sub-

tenuis, and Cladonia leporina.

At PSC is a coastal pine-oak scrub. The pines consist of Pinus clausa and P. palustris; the oaks are Quercus

chapmanii, Q. geminata, Q. laevis, Q. minima, and Q. myrtifolia. The Florida endemic herbs Dalea pinnata var.

adenopoda, Lechea divaricata, and Palafoxia feayi occur here.

Asmall remnant of scrub exists at the northern portion of DCP at a property edge. The rest of the scrub

Vas likely cleared for the adjacent id 11 where a few Pi l t i

The herbs Bulbostylis warei and Chrysopsis scabrella are found here.

Flatwoods —At DCP and PSC, pyrogenic pine flatwoods compose the bulk of the landscape. Mesic flat-

¥oods is the most common moisture regime. Wet flatwoods occurs as transition zones between mesic flat-

woods and marshes and often have 10-20 cm of standing water during periods of the wet season. Scrubby

latwoods is xeric, forming the gradient of mesic flatwoods to either xeric hammock or scrub.

in, none o DCP.

822 Jourr ACA E iwl D h ere od £ T, 5(2)

Known/Estimated

SPECIES RICHNESS

100% (well known flora)

36% (lesser known flora)

L i 22710 n 1 » . A riac richness

"skr per oe ¿as richness, then

Wal Tahla 2 Whit ig, $i n >

dad pla ants.

progressively darker shades for 44-51%, 52-59, 60-67, 68-75, 76-83, 84-91, 92-99, and, fi inally, 100+ shaded as black, Water bodies have not been

shaded according to the scale.

Widely-spaced trees of Pinus palustris form the canopy in scrubby to mesic flatwoods while a somewhat

denser canopy of P. elliottii is more common in wet flatwoods. Among all flatwoods, sprawling Serenoa repens

is ubiquitous in the understory. Common grasses include Andropogon spp., Aristida spp., and Sorghastrum se:

cundum. Other frequent herbs are Fimbristylis dichotoma, Lygodesmia aphylla, Polygala spp., and Rhynchospora

fascicularis. The threatened orchid Pteroglossaspis ecristata is occasional. Shrubs of Ilex glabra, Lyonia spP-

Quercus minima, and Vaccinium darrowii are also frequent. Once left unburned, Ilex glabra and Serenoa repens

quickly form very dense thickets in the wet flatwoods.

; ; qUe roods.

The herbs Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum and Oclemena reticulata are characteristic of wet flatwooe

a s ¡aria

Shrubs of the exotic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa are scattered about wet flatwoods at PSC. Shrubs of Beja!

an Wm ; ee 3 ; cu , flat-

racemosa, Lyonia ferruginea, Quercus myrtifolia, and Vaccinium myrsinites are more common in scrubby fl

Franck, Vascular flora of t ion lands in Florid 823

pos as well as ns herbs poe pe and the endemic Euphorbia polyphylla. The cycad Zamia

tin I y flatwoods.

Hammocks.—The oak hammocks mainly — the contours of drainages and are surrounded by flat-

woods. As in flatwoods,

y all hammocks to some n

Hydric hammock directly I drainage streams. Common t Q ifol 1 Sabal pal-

metto. quim af os dimi cubana are "m common. Clumps of the grass Dichantheli tat ft

present. F 1S Irequent I distur bed xb - Pigs.

LIN | 1 J 1 1

y composed mainly of Quercus virginiana.

This habitat is commonly disturbed ty feral pigs. A section of mesic ANA on the western edge of DCP is

very disturbed with such exotic species as Citrus xaurantium, Clerodendron indicum, Solanum diphyllum, and

Urena lobata.

Xeric hammock occurs along ridges bordering perennial and temporal streams as a transition zone be-

tween flatwoods and the wetter hammock surrounding the drainages. Xeric hammock also occurs as a small

patch surrounded by scrub at PSC. The canopy is composed mostly of small, shrubby to large trees of Quercus

geminata along with shrubby Q. chapmanii and Q. myrtifolia.

Sandy, well-drained banks mes is 2e support maritime hammock. Trees of Q. virginiana are fre-

pe Common shrubs are Ardisia e , Chiococca alba, and Erythrina herbacea. The narrow ridge of

l kat PSCh her large tree-like examples of Erythrina as

Coastal hydric ! ki inland of tidal or freshwater tidal marsh th

canopy with shrubs of Yucca aloifolia below. Young immature trees of Ficus aurea were found here.

Marshes.—Dotted about the flatwoods are numerous depression marshes. They are usually dried-up in

the winter and flooded up to about one meter in the summer. The marshes experience fire usually only along

pet outer "enu in contact nM the surrounding flatwoods. Common elements are Hypericum fasciculata,

i, and Utricularia spp. Trees of Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora associate with a

adi i

iwi in DCP.

Basin marshes are horgot pi ds a nos manga of wet flatwoods surrounding them than depression

marshes. C I O filiformis, and Utricularia purpurea.

Marshes whia I l lsot d bass Wee e but are rarely influenced by fire. Cephalanthus

occidentalis grows along the margin with Thalia geniculata in the center. Common herbs are Eupatorium capil-

lifolium, Panicum hemitomon, and the exotic P. repens. Trees of Acer rubrum and shrubs of Hibiscus grandiflorus

are often found along these marshes.

Baygall. snas. occur piano cans et ini streams that wind surrounding xeric hammock and

scrubby flatwoods. Ilex cassine, and Magnolia virginiana occur here.

Tidal & Floodplain. iros River, Deep Creek, ne cs Creek all ee tidal Hycniations. Along

PSC, tidal marsh d ord the Watcl way» it appears t LU favor e Further

1.1 1 pe

Upstream along DCP, Peace River and Deep Creek support freshwater ti p. The lower-order

tributaries to o Creek which are further inland at DCP ed floodplain marsh and Siamo. The change

from tidal +

t tidal tO floodplain i 15 Very

Tidal swamp is characterized by tl g Lag lari d Rhizopl gl

germinans is rare. At the inland fringe of t C tus; further inland the community tran-

sitions to tidal marsh. Common components of the tidal DL odium danaeifolium, Baccharis a

Avicennia

tifolia, Distichlis spicata, and Juncus roemerianus. Other notable species are Atsaraniinis australis, inicia

latifolia, and Eleocharis albida.

Freshwater tidal marsh contains dense colonies of Acrostichum danaeifolium with marginal lines of

Schoenoplectus californicus and Typha ic Nn roemerianus is occasional. Small colonies of Crinum

‘americanum are frequent. Common vi 1 Sarcostemma cl

Freshwater tidal swamp typically has iei P Annona ane ae Fora pede ioc of rana aquatica

are occasional in the N portion of Deep Creek. T l) ively colo-

824 1 nte Dat A D A D £T. cr)

1: 323 93 Nx T} ] 1 3 DL: 1

d and in many areas. I l

2 xd : à B

£ (0)

are sparse and s sc It-tolerant mangrove t. Three Roystonia regia

trees p occur in P habitat A € more occur 2d: site as well.

E pem agii E cape = ve ln

is E

i : | 31H +

virginica. The herbs Crinum americanum and Hymenocallis tridentata are scd throughout. Floodplain

swamp is commonly disturbed by feral pigs.

A 11 1 fü 1.3: 1

p I i f Deep Creek and E main ge Species

m REDE Pe MEE mE the thus be ] ] 13

, Eu] I

Streams & Lakes.—Tributari Deep Creek and Shell Creel t the only examples of blackwater

stream that are strictly on cad pues ines ames d are : Landoltia punctata and Pistia stratiotes.

The submergent Hydrilla ur here.

> — pond at sims i qp a fixtinocin lake domi The herbs Hydrocotyle umbellata and

T ith Salix caroliniana.

Rude At DCP Mer areas are formed by trails, firebreaks, fencerows, powerline right-of-ways,

lawns, parking lots, a decrepit horse stable, a campground, and an old pasture. The ruderal areas of PSC are

mainly trails and powerline -— ways. inen native — setaceum and the exotic lawn grass Paspalum

notatum var.

DISCUSSION

Most of the habitats of DCP and PSC appear relatively unaltered from their natural state. The flatwoods are

prescribe-burned every 4—5 years in accordance with historical burn cycles (Huffman 2006) which helps to

maintain an open canopy and groundcover amenable to perennial herbs. There were 160 taxa recorded that

had coefficient of conservatism values of 7-9, indicative of high quality habitat. The 175 taxa with values of 4-6

correspond to the presence of low quality natural habitat. A significant amount of unnatural disturbance and

ruderal area is din by the 103 taxa E etico of 1-3 as well as the 12 native taxa and 104 exotic taxa

with val values h Florida (Mortellaro et al. pu and DCP and PSC

are at the northern limit of its intended rd these aes "o not e optimally applied her

Scrub along the coast of southwest Flori an (Jackson e Myers 1990).

Many county records were wen from the scrub at PSC, — as a pinata; Lechea divaricata, Quercus

laevis, and Pinus clausa. Along Florida, th p t tal scrub in Naples (ca.

80 km SSE of PSC). Scrub was probably ive historically (Watts 1975) and may have been confluent

from Naples through Estero to PSC during lower sea levels. Pine flatwoods appear to have replaced scrub due

to an increase in available moisture.

Migne: frequency slong a is currently patchy | pected to i with i i linity due

to current le et al. 2010). Large-scal ] ithd lf the Peace River

y ge-scale ground water

drainage basin for use in agriculture and industrial supply bin been implicated in reducing freshwater dis-

charge (Hammett 1990; pirun et al. 1998), which would also lead to an increase in salinity upstream.

However, seasonally-adjusted fl to reveal this causality (PBS&J 2007).

Most exotic taxa were collected in radia sites or along habitat edges grading into ruderal sites. Some

were seen only next to — -— — as — fatua var. sativa, m esculentus, Enterolobium conto

tisiliquum, S dS It has been purported that urban

areas, especially waded areas (Vidra and Shear 2008: Guvine Padi et al. 2010a; Gavier-Pizarro et al.

2010b), contribute most to the introduction of exotics (Duguay et al. 2007). Residential yard waste, aS well as

other trash, was often observed at DCP and PSC. Yard waste included Crinum sp., xdi io and inim

sp., of which material of Crinum sp. a to be still viable. Other species y around

placed around a retention pond in DCP such as the exotics Ipomoea ee abd Senna obtusifolia as well a5

the ti ee ; $2 os A fans

D vi SHU.

Franck, Vascular fl fh ti [| Je £s Pd 825

Few exotics appeared to be substantially invading and influencing natural habitats, partly because they

are actively controlled by SWFWMD. Schinus terebinthifolia is probably the most troublesome exotic at DCP

and PSC, in some places dominating hammocks and swamps along the Peace River. Many of the infestations

are difficult to access, so control may not be attainable. Another major exotic is Panicum repens which forms

dense, rhizomatous colonies in some marshes. There are also stands of Ludwigia peruviana in floodplain

swamp that appear disruptive to the habitat. The exotic Urena lobata seemed to invade hammocks that were

disturbed by feral pigs and is probably dispersed by them.

Melaleuca quinquenervia would likely be invading much of the natural habitats of PSC without control as

it is Eun in purtoun dus naar wet flatwoods. The vining ferns Lygodium japonicum and L. micro-

y continuously appear in wet ] n ties

TI fire (Dext EE M has been grown in dace (Webb 1983;

al & ara Hanae 2000). T The majority of tl g PSC, perhaps

E itom pum trees dus cond kd rail. A smali pamita of Liquidambar siyraciffud i is also present

lin wet flatwoods at oe It DS to "s an introduction.

he occurence of Roystonea regia at DCP could be int Itivation. As the

species is popular in cultivation, i probable that it is an escape. This species ds been reported as natu-

ralized in Jonathan Dickinson State Park in southeast Florida one et al. 2006) as well as in Panama

(Svenning 2002). The Roystonea trees at DCP currently represent tl

though there was a description of palms attributed to Roystonea occurring along St. Johns River (Bartram

1791).

At the beginning of the study, Charlotte Co. had about 750 vouchered vascular plant taxa and DeSoto Co.

had 664. New county records from this sae! now represent about 9% and 19%, respectively, of the counties’

currently known flora. Still, it i i ly 5996 and 6096, respectively, f these two counties floras are

documented (Table 2).

The Florida counties which were estimated to have the least documented floras were clustered around

two geographic areas, the Suwannee River and Lake Okeechobee, as in Williams and Debelica (2008). The es-

timated county species richness for all counties are likely und t inties exceed their esti-

voucher ed population, al-

mates. This is also partly true because the regression used inventories that almost assuredly would never be

complete.

ANNOTATED LIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS

The plant list is grouped into Ferns (Pteridophyta), Gymnosperms, Basal Angiosperms (Nymphaenae),

Magnoliids (Magnolianae), Monocots (Lilianae), and Eudicots. Within these six groups, families are listed al-

phabetically, and within each family, the taxa are alphabetical by genus and species. Following each species

name is its authorship, habitat where the voucher specimen was collected, and the senior author's collection

number. For taxa collected at both DCP and PSC, habitat and the collection numbers of DCP are given first

lollowed by PSC. If only one habitat is listed for a taxon ids it ed to in risas of that taxon. Letters

Preceding collection numbers are D for DCP and P for PSC. T BG-baygall, BM—ba-

sin marsh, BS—blackwater stream, CHH-coastal hydric hammock, DM-depression marsh, FL-flatwoods

lake, FM-floodplain marsh, FS—floodplain swamp, FTM-freshwater tidal marsh, FTS-freshwater tidal

Swamp, HH-hydric hammock, MaH-maritime hammock, MF-mesic flatwoods, MH-mesic hammock, RU-

tuderal areas, SC=scrub, SF-scrubby flatwoods, TM-tidal marsh, TS—tidal swamp, WF—wet flatwoods, and

-xeric hammock. Annotations preceding taxa are * for exotic species, for FLEPPC category I, and ! for

FLEPPC category II.

FERNS (PTERIDOPHYTA) Blechnaceae

Azollaceae Blechnum serrulatum Rich.—HH; D-768, P-1912

Azolla filiculoides Lam.—BS; D-948 oodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore—MH; D-1543

Woodwardia virginca (L.) Sm.—DM; D-1362

826

TAE ED Land area tl] O Canari d) j hness, 4 hness (Wi &H 2008), and ratio of | ] species

richness for Florida and its counties.

Esti- Known Known / Land Esti- Known Known/

area mat sp. rich. sti- area mated sp. rich. Esti-

(km2) sp. rich. mated (km) sp.rich. mated

FLORIDA 139670 3474 4252 1.22 Lake 2469 1513 1238 0.82

Alachua 1486 1566 1.05 Lee 2081 1460 1280 0.88

Baker 1516 1368 585 0.43 Leon 1727 1405 1706 1.21

y 978 1445 1078 0.75 evy 2897 1563 1242 0.79

Bradford 1186 529 0.45 be 2165 1472 1358 0.92

eva 2637 1533 1180 0.77 Madison 1792 1416 5 0.46

Broward 3122 1588 1065 0.67 Manat 1919 1436 1136 0.79

Calhoun 9 1359 1155 0.85 Marion 4089 1678 1251 0.75

Charlotte 1796 1417 840 0.59 Martin 1439 1354 1007 0.74

Citrus 512 1367 1133 0.83 Miami-Dade 5040 1752 1696 0.97

Clay 1557 1376 996 0.72 Monroe 2582 1527 1023 0.67

Collier 5246 1767 1273 0.72 outa 1688 1399 934 0.67

Columbia 2064 458 947 0.65 Oka 2423 1507 1210 0.80

eSoto 1651 1392 834 0.60 any a 2005 1449 78 0.40

Dixie 1823 1421 753 0.53 e. 2350 1497 1104 0.74

uval 004 1449 1244 0.86 eola 3424 1618 930 0.57

Escambia 1715 1403 1599 1.14 ie Beach 5113 1757 1055 0.60

Flagler 56 1316 804 0.61 Pasco 1929 1438 1146 0.80

Franklin 1410 1348 1545 1.15 Pinellas 725 1175 1196 1.02

dsd: 1337 1333 1314 0.99 olk 4855 1739 1370 0.79

Gilchrist 1230 914 0.74 tnam 1870 1429 1046 0.73

Glades 004 1449 582 0.40 Santa Rosa 2634 1533 1282 0.84

Gulf 436 1353 766 0.57 raso 148 1361 1084 0.77

Hamilton 1333 1332 636 0.48 Seminole 798 1199 901 0.75

Hardee 1651 1392 635 0.46 St. Johns 1577 1379 871 0.63

ndry 2985 1573 564 0.36 St. Lucie 1483 1362 688 0.51

ando 1239 1312 1222 0.93 Sumte 1413 1349 945 0.70

ighlands 63 1537 1116 0.73 Suwannee 1781 1414 614 0.43

oru 2722 1543 1 1.07 or 26 1541 851 0.55

50 1315 608 0.46 nion 622 1139 459 0.40

pons Fai 1303 1326 746 0.56 Volusia 2857 1559 1336 0.86

2372 1500 1468 0.98 Wakulla 1571 1378 1434 1.04

Jefferson 1548 1374 986 072 alton 2739 1545 1317 0.85

Lafayette 06 1347 481 0.36 Washington 1502 1366 841 062

DENS A E

Dennstaedtiaceae Salviniaceae

Pteridium aquili (L.) Kuhn var. caudatum (L.) Sadeb.—MaH; 'Salvinia minima Baker—BS; D-946

D-867

I idi ili L.) Kuh fi | (Clute) Clute ex

A. Heller—MH; D-1555, P-1925

Nephr:

olepidac

Nephrolepis arin (L.) Schott—MH; D-1122

y cea

aceae

unda cinnamom

HH; D-9

Sains regalis L. var. a j A Keak D-820, P-1815

Polypodiaceae

iacea

Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm.—HH; D-1103, P-2479

+ F +

ana (Weath)EG And 2 Win rl

Pteridaceae

m L.—TM; P-2493

aeifolium Langsd. & Fisc

sch.—FTM; D-793, P-2403

mdan

iria lode ia ) Brongn.—FM, TM; D-993, P-2406

WPteris vittata L.—

iza

go dium

Thelyp'

pid eet ris

aceae

m japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.—HH; D-942

'Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br.—HH; D-975

eridace:

dentata (Forssk.) E.P. St. John—HH; D-944, P.

Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats.—HH, BG; D-1077, P- pe

helypteris kunthii (Desv.) C.V. MM RU; D-1074, P255

Thelypteris palustris Schott—FS; D-10

Vittariaceae

Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.—HH; D-983, P-1916

Cupr:

GYMNOSPERMS

saceae

xodium ascendens Brongn.—FS; D-844

Taxodium iie (L.) Rich.—FS; D-967

a. 1 a Z2 nn 2 1 i ? ri .J

Franck, Vascul

Pinaci

Pinus eat (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.—SF; P-1270

Pinus elliottii Engelm.—WF; D-1179, P-1410

Pinus palustris Mill.—SF; D-1137, P-1802

Zamiaceae

Zamia pumila L.—SF, SC; D-748, P-1257

BASAL ANGIOSPERMS (NYMPHAENAE)

Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaea odorata Aiton—DM; P- 1989

MAGNOLIIDS (MAGNOLIANAE)

Annonaceae

Anonna glabra L.—FTS, TM; D-848, P-2496

Asimina reticulata Shuttlew. ex Chapm.—MF; D-1135, P-1348

ape nip liformis L.—MF; D:

IGinnamomum camphora "ín Heic D-955

Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.—XH; D-8.

Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. var. ae (Nash) L.E. Kopp—XH;

Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg.—FTS, CHH; D-862, P-1940

Magnoliacae

Magnolia virginiana L.—WF, HH; D-918, P-1239

Saururaceae

Saururus cernuus L.—FS; D-1197

MONOCOTS (LILIANAE)

Agavaceae

Yucca aloifolia L—CHH; D-1727, P-2460

Yucca filamentosa L.—SF; D-1356

Alismataceae

Sagittaria filiformis J.G. Sm.—BS; D-1063, P-2445

Sagittaria graminea Michx.—BM; D-905, P-1987

Sagittaria lancifolia L.—BM; D-912

Amaryllidaceae

Crinum americanum L.—FTM; D-857, P-2450

Hymenocallis E Small—FS; D-1149

Araceae

ps Dd (L.) Schott —FTM; D-1

ltia p ta (G. Mey.) Les & DJ. ME D-818

E aticum L.—BS; P-2446

Peta ue: virginica Raf. jai» i id 1024

Pistia si stratiotes L.—BS;

la polyrhiza (L.) la —BS; D-1151

"Phoenix reclinata Jacq.—WF;

Royston oe regia (Kunth) O.F. C

a Ces

“pig — Iter) Lodd. ex see ^ pAr f.—XH, CHH;

i des ve . Bartram) Small—MF, SC; D-2280, P-2298

Bi enean (Cham.) Glassman—HH, MF; D-841, P-1942

p E Schult. & Schult. f.—FTS; D-883

= n fasciculata Sw.— MaH, XH; D-873, P-1801

Til Sid recurvata (L.) L.—SF, SC; D-1299, P-2006

"uad acea Sw.—HH; D-1602

im p oes (L.) L.—MH; D-1528, P-1941

la utriculata L.—FTS, XH; D-1019, P-1403

827

Cannaceae

Canna flaccida Salisb.—DM; D-2165

Commelin

peee omata yem GC: boas Sol SC; D-2158, P-2002

mmelina diffusa Burm jo ien D-877, P-1935

buie erecta L.—SC; P-

“Commelina os b. A Care i D-1729.

1 MH: D-1048

P Mn, D-17420

Cyperacea

*Bulbostylis URS bata (Rottb.) C. B. Clarke—RU; D-876, P-2429

Bulbostylis ciliatifolia ier Fernald—SC; P-1342

Bulbostylis stenophylla (Ell quis B. Clarke—RU; D-71

Bulbostylis warei (Torr.) C. c ke—SC; D-1224, Kr

Carex longii Mack.—HH; D-

Carex — quise ex ee P-1964

Carex stipa Willd.—FS; D:

*Cyperus esculentus L.—RU; D-216

—FTM; D-1022, * 2436

—CHH, HH; D-1016, P-2545

M; D-951

—HH; P-2476

Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapm.—WF; D-915, P-2435

Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb.—HH; P-25:

Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl.) Roem. bg hy D-799

*Eleocharis ee (Nees) Steud.—W

Fimbristylis c a R. Br.—RU; D- > bo

Fimbrstys dicho sii a (L.) Vahl— 823

*Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) at oo

Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) VahI—CHH; P-2

Fuirena breviseta (Coville) Coville —RU; ogee

; D-1821, oe

lantha A. Gray—DM; D-803

3 H; f

DL L n n aba E id ETM-

7 Ln >

Rhynchospora megalocarpa A. Gray—XH; D-1735, P-1405

TE jim ospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A. Gray—DM, WF; D-1359,

1350

la iD» iD. c n

| P2481

tac I 795

Rhynchospora plumosa Elliott —MF; D-1298, P-2030

Rhynchospora tracyi Britton—BM; D-933, P-2290

crede siqua poii E- A. Mey.) Soják—FTM; D-886

Scleria ciliata M 2132, P-1997

Scleria da chi — RU; D-906, P-2438

Scleria triglomerata Michx.—XH; D-1056

828

Dioscoreaceae

'Dioscorea bulbifera L.—RU; D-1055

Eriocaulaceae

Eriocaulon compressum Lam.—BM; D-1123

vi mod compa! E TWE D-924, P2535

MF; D-1104, P-2543

hachecamdon beyrichianum Sport er Köm. —SC; P-2302

BM, DM; D-1141, P-1996

Haemodoraceae

I hl h li

n inm n

y—WF, DM; D-777, P-1254

Hydrocharitaceae

!Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle—BS; D-827

Hypoxidace:

Hypoxis panes Rose—HH; D-1078

poxis juncea Sm.—SF, SC; D-1043, P-2007

Iridaceae

Iris hexagona Walter—FS; D-1

Sisyrin ada m angustfolum ate: ft D-1169

Sisyrinchium nashii E.P. Bicknell—SF; D-2139

Sisyrinchium patte Greene—SC; P-2293

Juncaceae

Juncus effusus L. sub (Fi Id&W gand) Aht

FTS, Da) P-1 1265

Juncus marginatus Rostk.—RU; D-1037, P-1893

Juncus megacephalus M.A. pes y HH; D-2160

Juncus repens Michx.—RU; D-2

Juncus roemerianus Chae h 164, P-1855

Juncus scirpoides Lam.—MF; D-110.

Liliaceae

Lilium catesbaei Walter—MF; D-977

Marantaceae

Thalia geniculata L.—BM, HH; D-1117, P-2547

Orchidac

— pA! (Lindl.) viles E D-1183

Habenara floribunda Lin -1042

Rolfi 035

Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S. Watson—MF; Poss

*Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr.—RU; D-11

Poaceae

Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum (Schult.) Hitchc.—WF; D-817,

P-1408

Andropogon brachystachyus Chapm.—HH; P-2471

Andropogon floridanus Scribn.—SF; D-1040, P-2417

(CU;

F \

5» — No

| A Ari eee

var. hirsutior (Hack.)

a Mohr—HH; eee

ex LH. Dewey—FM; D-1001, P-2430

Pisis on nde Hack.—MH, WF; PUE P-1409

Andropogon ternarius Michx.—SF; D-1041, P-2397

T: pan) virginicus L. var. decipiens 4 s. Campb.—SF; D-1547,

var. pumilus (Vasey)

P \ y)

And 1 FRE

RU; D-1036, P-2402

Aristida palustris rums oey 9M z T P-2534

istida pata Cha apm. ex x Nash— HH

41 19.

Aristida spiciformis Elliott —WF; D-938, P-2437

Aristida stricta Michx.—MF, WF; D-1534, P-1819

"-—

Ae fatua L. var. sativa t) NRE pi

Axonopus fi ssifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm.—RU; D-1212

Axonopus T il üggé) Hitchc.—RU; P-2034

Cenchrus ec .—MaH; D-866

Caninas sy Cav A P- 237.

I pans oie D-976

“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. —RU; D-1572, P-1

Dactyloctenium Essa (L.) Willd. ex rot : Schweinf.—RU;

D-1517, P-25.

nota sedi (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark—MF;

P-188

tholi AA

HH; D-1075, P-1911

Dichonthellum dichotomum c ) Soe Fe B 1229

MH: D-1824

WMF, LA 1024

Miep Da PANT (Dal-han cu Id aay CT

Lada

Hte. ) p. E wen &Wunderlio—DM;. P-1990

Di C.A. Clark—BM; P-1344

iiri portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. Hansen &

Wu der GA 2003

ei Js ^r. 1 lnhro

ns (Griseb.) Freckmann— WF; P -243.

Di st ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler—RU; e as P-2385

Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde—RU; P.

*Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers. T d 833

igitaria violascens Link—SC; P-2297

Deer spicata (L) Green eM, P-2407

Id MADD

nu, o

) O

oe paludigena Wiegand—BM; P-

si walteri (Pursh) A. Heller—RU; I

ia is atrovirens M. ) Trin. ex Steud. wen? pee

mM a ris (L.) R. Br.—RU; D-1563

Eragrostis sibs Vasos a P-2533

*Eragrostis scaligera Salzm eud.—RU; D-1513, P-2431

Eragrostis ek dinde PRA —SF; P-

Eragrostis d sadi apro dora —HH, WF; D-982, P-2389

Eustachys glau

Ed soni oe Des = D- Ya A bani

chult.—RU; P-2497

N RU; P-2376

" Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf—RU; P 538

IImperata cylindri pa Beauv.—FS, wv D-1227, P-1900

Mia hexandra Sw.—DM; D-800, P-19.

Lolium pere sila —RU; D-2156

Luziola fluitans Epi esit P-2289

'Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka—RU; D-1012, P-1888

Oplismenus hirtellus m P. Beauv.—HH; D-1 je 1

Panicum anceps Michx.—MH, MF; D-904, P-2404

een i rigor Michx. var. bartowense (Scribn. & Mert)

-15.

nald—RU

a icum hem itomon rake —BM; D-767, P-1292

970

, RU; D-754, P-1986

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex dgio HH; D-974, P-2392

Panicum virgatum L.—FM; D-797, P-2388

*Paspalum notatum — var. saurae Parodi—RU; D-750, P-2037

urvillei Steud.—RU; D-1214, P-1415

*Paspalum 61

basia australis (Cav. ) TN ex dium né " D- d

FERE i (Waltarl D FM; D- grees

p k V. íi | £^ : | £t Pi ox

Fia,

*Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase—RU; D-2282, P-2029

Sacciolepis striata Quah Nash MD 804

MF; D-903, P-2379

Setaria parviflora (Poir) Kerguélen—RU; D-1357, P-1966

Sorghastrum secundum (Elliott) Nash— SF; D-1002, P-2400

*Sorghum bicolor Moench—RU; P-2412

Spart tina bake eri empties HH; D- 1830, E 1928

RU; D-1213, P-1

Sporobolus junceus 23 St Kunth—SF, SC; D-2159, P-2004

Stenotaphrum secundatum osi Kuntze—FTM, RU; D-852, P-2495

ides (L.) 98

D-7i

lUrochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen—RU; P- sid

Pontederiaceae

Pontederia cordata L.—BM; D-91 1

Ruscaceae

"Sansevieria trifasciata Prain—RU; D-1734

Smilacaceae

Smilax sii Walter—MF; D-814, P-1903

ilax bona-nox L.—MMH; D- 1523, P-1963

Smilax lauri pue L.—HH; D-928

Smilax pumila Walter—XH; D-1054

Smilax tamnoides L.—HH; D-1072

Typhaceae

Typha domingensis Pers.—FTM, FL; D-1835, P-2016

Typha latifolia L.—HH; D-2166

Xyridaceae

Xyris brevifolia Michx.—RU; D-1130, P-1907

Xyris jupicai Rich—RU; D-907, P-1975

Xyris platylepis Chapm.—RU; D-854

EUDICOTS

Acanthaceae

Dyschori A BP) e

MH;

Justicia angusta (Chapm. ) Small —WF; P-1349

D-21652

D-ZIOL

Adoxaceae

Eus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) porel D-1100

m obovatum Walter—MH; D-1826, P

styraciflua L_—WF; P-2032

Gray) J D.

—MF; D-753, P.

sa ri Du -1913

endron radicans (L.) Kuntze—FS; ii piis P-1795

E" aromaticum Baldwin—SF; D-838, P-2292

iam baldwinii Spreng.— RU; D-1046, P-20

Ptilimniy “pall (Walter) Britton—BM; D-9. 25

M; D-921, P-2541

m capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. —RU; D-1168, P-1892

829

Apocynaceae

Asclepias feayi Chapm. ex A. Gray—SF; D-787

Asclepias pedicellata Walter—HH; te se

ARS perennis Walter—FS; D- 12.

tharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don— v P-1985

Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.—FTS; D-860

Aquifoli.

Ilex bs Min —XH; D-840, P-2539

Ilex cassine L.—HH; D-934, P-19,

Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray—MF; D-1084, P-1895

Araliaceae

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.—RU; D-821, P-1965

lydrocotyle umbellata L.—RU; D-1112, P-2115

Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb.—BS, HH; D-1732, P-1965

Anteracaño

8 SF; D-1062

Am brosia artemisiifolia L. —RU; D-2152, P-1286

Baccharis angustifolia Michx.—FM; D-998, P-1947

Baccharis glomeruliflora Pers.—HH; D-1088, P-1817

Baccharis halimifolia L.—MaH, RU; D-1014, P-2378

Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) B.L. Rob—XH, SC; D-1578, P-1947

Bidens alba (L.) DC.—RU; D-1029, P- pesa

Pam mitis (Michx. ) Sherff—DM; D-12

subsp australis L. C. Anderson—DM;

MERE gens pum WF; D-950, P-1430

Ca ipsis corymbosus (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray—SF, SC; D-1542,

“(Dela aney et al.) Wunderlin & B.F. mcm D-964

Ce ctatum Cass.—RU; D-772

rysopsis scabrella Torr. & A. Gray—SC: D-830, P-2420

Cirsium horrid Michx.—RU; D-1

Cirsium nuttallii RU; P-1909

oclinium coelestinum (L.) DC.—HH; D-981

Conyza canadensis i 1028

gorii -8

Eupatorium capilifolium (Lam.) Small ex Porter & Britton—RU;

D-1032, P-2527

Eupatorium leptophyllum DC.—DM, WF; D-1586, P-2386

Eupatorium mohrii Greene—DM, WF; D-1296, P-1904

Eupatorium ees L.—WF; D-775

Eupatorium serotinum Michx.—FM; D-796

P-2409

uthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.—HH, asi D-1089, P-2526

Foveria floridana J R. Johnst siia P-2

7 If $ DI

Helianthus agrestis uM D- 1520

Helianthus angustifolius L.—HH, WF; isi dae

Helenium amarum (Raf.) bi ock—RU;

need Negacemholon etica of 107) 1938

RIJ 1253

19; F 1263

830

Iva microcephala Nutt.—HH; D-9

— graminifolid Michx. Mb » mes

CE C(CcC.I31 927 D 94904

y 2, OIDs, Feet

Lygodesmia aphylla (Nutt. DC.—MF; D- 936, p-1289

Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd.—MaH, Bn D-1010, P-2466

Mikania scandens (L.) Willd.—HH; D-1068, P-2537

Oclemena reticulata (Pursh) G.L. Neso ar 5 2140

Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey—FTM; D-1

Palafoxia feayi A. Gray ; P-242.

ning egresan a Tor A. EN D-894

arthenium hys rus L.—RU; D-8

pects prostrata Cau p 1567

& A. Gray) S. F. oe D-2278

Pityopsis graminfolia (Michx.) Nutt.—SC; D-1

Pluchea baccha data bett D-2148, eil

Pluchea foetida (L.) DC

Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass, THs S, AÀ D- 966, P-1

(Mi MF: D 1525 P-1266

Prats tortifolius (Michx. ) Nees—MF; D-979, P-2551

So pi o fistulosa MIS NON, ; D-923, P-2380

vade a n var. chapmanii (A. Gray) Cronquist—MF, SC;

— xri

Solidago sempervirens L.—FTM; D-

Solidago stricta Aiton—MF, TM; D- 65 PS

Solidago ih Elliott—XH; D-18.

*Sonchus asper (L.) Hill—RU; D-1 d

*Sonchus oleraceus L.—RU; P-1936

Sphagneticola triloba (L.) Pruski—RU; D-776

Symphyotn trichum bahamense (Britton) G L raid De 1092

FS; D-978

Symphyotrichum Jai e ps Nesom—MF; D-1085, P-2542

Verbesina virgin —MH

vemena blodgetti Small Hk [s 792

Avicenniaceae

pumas: germinans (L.) L.—TS; P-1866

Bignoniaceae

Campsis radicans (L.) Seem.—FTS; D-1159

Brassicace:

Cardamine cd Muhl. ex Willd. a D-1573

Lepidium virginicum L.—RU; D-1170, P.

Cac

Opuntia Id (Raf.) Raf.—XH, SC; D- íi 1, P-1406

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.—MaH; D-174

Campanulac

Campanula seis S. Watson ex A. Gray—RU; D-1172

Lobelia feayana A. Gray—RU; D-1173, P-2021

Caricaceae

*Carica papaya L.—CHH; P-2494

Caryophyllaceae

Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult.—MaH; D-87

Stipulicida setacea Michx. var. lacerata C.W. James—XH; D-771,

P-1250

Chrysobalanaceae

Licania michauxii Prance—SF; D-762, P-1252

istaceae

Helianthemum corymbosum Michx.—SF; D-1044, P-2010

Helianthemum nashii Britton—SC; P-2008

echea divaricata Shuttlew. ex Britton—SC; P- 1

eue torreyi (Chapm.) Legg. ex Britton—SF; » pr P-2456

Clusiaceae

—RU; D-1167, P-1992

Combretaceae

montis erectus L.—TS; P-18

Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. c —FTS, TS; D-856, P-1853

Convowulaceae

! l | FS; D-1

Dichondra rigor ee —MH; D- 1558

Ipomoea alba

Ipomoea ina ad —RU; D-1067

*Ipomoea quamoclit L.—RU; D-1551

Ipomoea sagittata Poir.—FTS; D-878

*Ipomoea triloba L.—RU; P-2411

Corn

Comus foemina Mn TAN D-10760, sido

Cucurbitace:

Melothria nd ula L.—HH; D-151

*Momordica charantia L.—HH; D-945, P-2524

Droseraceae

Drosera capillaris Poir.—BM; D-1180, P-1991

Ebenaceae

Diospyros virginiana L.—DM, RU; D-1195, P-1982

Ericaceae

Bejaria racemosa Vent.—SF; D-758, P-1269

Gaylussacia dumosa (Andrews) Torr. & A. Gray—XH; D-1234, P-1946

Lyonia fruticosa (Michx.) G. S. Torr.—SF; D-1514, P-1

Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch—MF; D-1156, P-1804

Vaccinium a. 7 METEO SC; D-874, P-2001

Vaccinium corym m L.—MF; D-1140

Vac ee ple x amp—MF; D-1185, P-127:

Vaccinium myrsinites Lam.—XH, SC; D- 1579, A

Vaccinium stamineum L.—MF, SC; D-1184, P-1999

Euphorbia

Acalypha gu ns A. Gray—RU; D-1511, P-2410

Chamaesyce blodgetii (Engelm. ex Hitchc.) Small—RU; D-1560,

P-1

hamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.—RU; D-1562, P-2024

ud esyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp.—RU; D-960 "

Cnidoscolus stimulosus odas Engelm. E n asi

Euphorbia polyphylla Say ex Chapm.—SF; ES ee 1, P-1248

Poinsettia cyathophora wine Bartling—RU; P-1242

ISapium e erum (L.) Roxb.—RU; P-1240

Stillingia sylvatica aes rd -2133, P-1901

Fabaceae

lAbrus SNe —RU; D-1

Aeschon americana L.

it D-1559 d-—RU:

drop he (Schumach. & Thonn.) J. Leonar i

P-15

Amorpha fruticosa L.—HH; D-985, P-1926

ELEM.

nam

Apios americana Medik.—HH; D-825

Da tosea (Sw) DC. oan » pelada D-1008, P-1847

XH; D-2155, P- =n

Chamaecrista nictitans es ) Leti var. jut; ON de

ji hl. ex ae H.S

Irwin . Barneby—RU; D-959, P-2287.

ia floridana Torr. & A. gaps D-786, P-1241

coni ito E. Mey.—RU;

*Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. Mind "i Don) Polhill—RU; D-1353,

iorta rotundifolia J. F. Gmel.—RU; D-1 107, P-2039

Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub.—FTS, TS; D-861, P-1856

Dalea carnea (Michx.) Poir.—MF; D-941

SC; P- 253]

*Desmodium num DC.—RU; D

Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. sg E 970, P-2399

ium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.—RU; D-826

*Desmodium hi (L.) DC.—RU; D-1215

Fat Inh aA fX IN AA

Erythrina herbacea L.—CHH; D-1722, P-1854

Galactia elliottii Nutt —MF; D-1000, P-1896

Galactia regularis (D Britton et al.—MaH; D-868

ligofera hirsut

Lupinus diffusus —

Macroptilium lathyroides 1 ve. —RU; D-788, P-2031

‘Medica p ipa EGO

. T, 2A (Gra ) Barneby—XH

P-1268

Mimosa strigillosa—RU; P-2.

“Senna alata ta (L.) Ro -— 0-10; P-1251

Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & B neby—MH; D-1522

"Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & puc rate D-1553

: nia herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh—RU; D-899, P-2288

Emo (Cav.) Benth.—FTS; D-10 »

Sesbania vesicaria (Jacq.) Elliott —WF; P-243

Tephrosia spicata (Walter) Torr. & A. de = D-2134

Vicia Do Elliott —RU; D-1 ue

Vici na S. Watson—FM; D-1

rn (Jacq.) Benth.—HH; ape P-2286

eae

Cus chapmanii Sarg.—SF; D-1546, P-1813

Quercus pumila Walter SF; D-770, P-2480

“sti ux: Mill.—MaH, MH; D-872, P-1929

Gelsemiaceae

p sempervirens (L.) Aiton f. —MaH, XH; D-1841, P-1798

vem ol Raf. —WF; D-896, P-1503

p calycina (Lam.) A. Heller—FTM; D-10

tía grandiflora (A. Gray) Small—DM; D- n

iaceae

Geranium carolinianum L.—RU; D-1205

‘lg ca a L.—HH; P-247.

erpinaca pectinata Lam.—BM, B. D-925, P-1255

831

Iteaceae

Itea virginica L.—FS; D-1004

Juglandaceae

Carya aquatica (F. Michx.) Nutt.—FTS; D-1160

Lamiaceae

Callicarpa americana L.—MH, HH; D-961, P-1914

*Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze—MH; D-1119

ee alata (Raf.) Shinners—MH; D-953, P-2474

ctinata (L.) bacon p And

[| a MH;

Physostegia leptophylla Small Fr f D Uo:

ilobl SF; D-1127, P-1795

Scutellaria integrifolia L.—MaH; D- ee P- 1890

Trichostema dichotomum—SC; P-2

Lentibular

atlas oe cornuta acc. jane D-1125

Utricularia foliosa L.—BM; D

Utricularia gibba L.—DM

Utricularia juncea Vahl —DM; P-2303

Utricularia purpurea Walter—BM; D-927, P-1501

Utricularia subulata L—DM; D-2141, P-1806

Lythracea

Ammannia ia ifolia L. —FTS, CHH; x 999, P- pa

*Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. -1246

Lythrum alatum Pursh. var. pei pa E & A. Gray ex

Rothr.— 98

Lytrhum lineare L —FTM; D-1018, P-2462

Malvaceae

Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—HH; D-1521

"Urena lobata L.—MMH; D-957, P-2468

Menyanthaceae

ly D-931, P-2033

Melastomataceae

Rhexia mariana L.—RU; D-901, P-2473

Rhexia nuttallii C.W. James—WF; D-2137

Mollug

alas ame L.—RU; D-1222

Moraceae

Ficus aurea Nutt.—FTS, CHH; D-1726, P-1846

Morus rubra L.—FS; D-845

Myricaceae

Myrica cerifera L—FS, SC; D-1096, P-1800

ni ipn"

ides Scl le& D Schltdi —MaH- D-1240n

Wh Lr,

Myrsine cubana A. DC.—MaH; D- 864, P-1921

Myrtaceae

Sarti. Alpes Dehnh. subsp. acuta Brooker & M.W.

ald—MF, P:

ns ak VAL n» D-1724

lEugenia uniflora L.—HMH; P-

Spm uca quiquenervia Ew] = Blake—HH; P-2550

IPsidium cattleianum Sabine—HH; P-2487

IpL 4 Ri ru t

Olacaceae

Ximenia americana L.—MH; D-757

832

Oleaceae

Fraxinus caroliniana Mill.—FS; D-966

Onagra

Gaura "angolo Michx.—RU; D-1209, P-1885

arcuata Walter—DM; d P-1294

TM; P-2

Ludwigia leptocarpa a (Nutt) H. ai P-2377

Lu dwi gia ia linifo lia Poir. —BM, DM; D-932, P-2291

D-1

Tutici —DM; D-1358, P-1293

Oenothera laciniata degit D-1198, P-2020

pipaa

alinis fasciculata (Elliott) Raf.—RU; d 1512

pasa filifolia (Nutt.) Raf.—SC; P-24.

Buchnera americana L.—RU; D-1110, po

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis corniculata L.—MH; D-1073, P-1973

Petiveriac

Rivina gag L.—MH; D-1069

Phyllanthaceae

*Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.—RU; D-1519

*Phyllanthus urinaria L.—MH; D-1031, P-2470

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca americana L.—RU; D-1594, P-1417

Plantagin

Bacopa peach (Walter) B. L. Rob.—BM; P-2490

Baco), cc minata (M. Gómez) Sevi Pad

Baci eri (L. ) Pen nell—FTM;

as Hn (Benth ex. Lindl.) ibi xm D-1355, P-1337

ratiola pilosa Michx.—WF; P-24. n

ratiola ramosa Walter—WF; D-11

Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz.—RU; 55 2, P-1891

*Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.—RU; a -822, P-1416

PISIS eee E xdi

-1200,

Lindernia grandiflora Nutt.—HH; D-1060, P-2491

RU; D-11990

H W, L7 1127

AAS h E I CrDIAL 1n40 D.3442

S; ;D

Penstemon Voss rere i ) )Chapm. ex Small—MH; D-764

Plantago virginica

Scopari uae es nt EE P-1886

Polygalaceae

—MF; P-1949

—MF; D-1126, P-1905

Ha cn polygama en) Engelm. & A. Gray var. brachystachya

(Meisn.) Wunderlin—SF; D-774, P-1340

ASES hydropiperoides Mic Michx.—HH; D-913, P-1968

lygonum punctatum Elliott—DM; D-1541

Rumex Rai ulus Baldwi wipes à 1820, P-1899

Rumex verticillatus L.—FM; D-1

1 Se Pr ey ha + al D hi : £T bie

Portulacaceae

*Portulaca amilis Speg.—RU; D-1220

Portulaca oleracea L.—RU; P-2521

Portulaca pilosa L.—RU; D-1219, P-2026

Primulaceae

Anagallis minima (L.) E.H.L. Krause—RU; P-1932

Ranunculaceae

Clematis crispa L.—FS; D-971

Rhizophoracea

Rhizophora dus L.—FTS, TS; D-859, P-1865

Rosaceae

Rubus cuneifolius Pursh—MH; D-1155, P-2469

Rubus pensylvanicus Poir.— FS, WF; D-1148, P-1906

Rubus trivialis Michx.—RU; D-1145, P-1803

bia

Cepi ie as occidentalis L. —HH; D-1297, P-2448

Chiococca alba chc.—MaH; D-865

Diodia teres aA RU; D-7

Diodia virginiana L.—RU; sd bat P-2472

Gali ium tinctorium b — pe

IY ce Al

SF; D-1113

*Oldenlandia corymbosa L.—RU; D-965, P-2025

Oldenlandia uniflora L.—RU; D-958, P-1931

; D-863, P-1848

‘as bests dom cu pum P-2018

Spermacoce rem —RU; D-1

*Spermacoce wesc L —RU; D- » " P-2484

taceae

echas aurantium L.—MMH; D-1121

Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. D D-871

Salicaceae

Salix caroliniana Michx.—HH; D-1154, P-1805

Samolaceae

Samolus valerandi L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf) Hultén—HH; D-980,

P-1816

apindaceae

Acer rubrum L.—BM, WF; D-1114, P-1943

lanaceae

Lycium carolinianum Walter—FTM; P-1791

381

num viarum Dunal—RU; D-1552

Styracaceae

Styrax americanus Lam.—HH; D-1153

Tetrachondraceae

Polypremum procumbens L.—RU; D-749, P-1339

aceae

Gordonia lasianthus (L.) J. Ellis—BG; D-1582

Ulm

aceae

Ulmus americana L.—FS; D-1150

Urticaceae

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.—FM; D-1101, P-1969

Franck, Vascular fl ft tion lands in Florid 833

*Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn.—RU; D-819 Viscaceae

DI 4 A I [Daf D I& MC. Joh Es y e

E. [ ohnst.—FS; D-1163

tana camara L.—RU; D-16

E ad D-1201, P-1959 pinar arborea (L.) Koehne—FS, HH; D-1539, P-1920

Parthenocissus wd sauna Ur —MH; D-1831, P-1919

Violaceae

Vitis aestivalis Michx.—H -

Viola lanceolata L.—MH ; P-1818

E pA L—MH; D-1129 Vitis rotundifolia Michx. —XH; poem

Vitis shuttleworthii House—HH; D-1190

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

qs. LE de

Ithank Bruce F. Hansen and John M. Kunzer for their assistance with

P. Wunderlin, and t for their ts on the manuscript; land manager Stephanie

Green (SWFWMD) for access to the site; Bob Upcavage for the boat trips; Mike and Audrey (It's Time Kayak

and Canoe Inc.) for the kayak; and the author's wife.

: Bruce F. Hansen, Richard

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BOOK REVIEW

MARY S.G. LiNCOLN. 2008. Liverworts of New England: A Guide for the Amateur Naturalist. (ISSN: 0077-

8931, ISBN-10: 0-89327-478-X, ISBN-13: 978-089327-478-8, hbk., printed on FSC certified 86 Ib. gsm

glossy). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Volume 99:1-161. The New York Botanical Garden

Press, 200th Street and Kazimiroff Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, U.S.A. (Orders: 718-817-

8721, 718-817-8842 fax, nybgpressOnybg.org). $45.00, 161 pp., more than 105 color images, 200 b/w line

drawings, 200 distribution maps, glossary, index, 7" x 10".

Liverworts because of their small size and specialized habitats mostly go unseen but this book should help

beginners locate these fascinating life forms in the New England states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Early topical sections introduce the reader to liverwort habi-

tats, distribution, morphology, anatomy, life cycle, terminology, and identification. The main body of the text

is organized by thalloid liverworts with A. Elevated Receptacles; B. Buried recipe C. Simple thalloids; then

the Leafy Liverworts D. with Feathery Leaves; E. Toothed Leaves and Incul ; F. Lobed Leaves and

Incubous Insertion; G. with Entire Leaves and Incubous Insertion; H. with toothed leaves and Succubous

Insertion; I. with Lobed Leaves and Succubous Insertion; J. with Entire Leaves and Succubous Insertion; K.

with Lobed Leaves and Transverse Insertion; L. with Complicate-Bilobed Leaves, Larger Lobe on Top; M. with

Complicate-Bilobed Leaves, Small Lobe on Top; N. Leafy-Thalloid Liverworts. Species are arranged into each

of these categories and given species descriptions and distribution maps with the green shaded areas repre-

senting the known distribution. The maps are helpful in discerning quickly where a given species is found.

Here 200 ies i d ibed

r o

Unfor tunately too many habit color i lack tl ificati , depth of field, lsl f to fu lly

interpret the hee and niei ey, PETER hug no captions are provided to pate the reader to

important I , for example, Ptilidium ciliare on page 48. The quality of the color

images limits the value of this book. There is no key to the species and the keys to th ra at the beginning

of each category noted above, A through N, will be difficult to follow since the color i uaia generally lack suf-

ficient etali to ilbasteate key characters. The line ios for a ieee Key to Hornworts and Liverworts

mation

Say ize to fit on two pages. Hus book val pt a

rth

1 - fel 215 .

m, Eg fl f

, for

A» time.—Harold W. Keller, Miss Associate, Bounty Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort

Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 836. 2011

DISCOVERY OF RHYNCHOSIA PRECATORIA (FABACEAE) IN

EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK, FLORIDA, U.S.A.

Steven W. Woodmansee Jimi L. Sadle

Pro Native Consulting National Park Service

8025 SW 102 Ave. E Porlamar cae Park

Miami, Florida 33173, U.S.A. 40001 S oad 9336

steve@pronative.com T ee 33034, U.S.A.

mi sadlegnps.gov

ABSTRACT

The discovery of Rhynchosi ia DC in the eastern United States is reported. The population found in Everglades National Park,

Miami-Dade Caan. Florida: p iti he fl f Florid d only tl | rep for tł i l United S

RESUMEN

FIA 32 i Ja DL 1 p I Es T 1 eh, A | EON X | p 1 I LI i 1D. 1 AL 2.2

Everglades, el Condado de Miami-Dade, Florida, rep dición a la flora de la Florid

a yingf 1 1 p iveag } The Insti fi Regional Cou

dthe National Park Servi t of the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (CESD,

was verified to be Rhynchosia ects by Woodmansee and Sadle, who first ined it in February 2002

while visiting a rockland hammock on Long Pine Key, Everglades National Park. In addition to several seed-

lings, a large plant in flower was observed growing into the forest canopy. Pants were observed again by

Woodmansee, Sadle, and Maroma Tak Service — Taper he foll but the plants

were sterile. Wood d d plants at thi gain in October 2003, as ue as in an ad-

ditional rockland hammock 2 km away. A partial fertile specimen was collected in February 2004 in the sec-

ond hammock and identified as Rhynchosia precatoria. Within the two hammocks adult plants number ap-

proximately 20 individuals with more than 100 seedlings. The species appears to be well established at both

sites based on the presence of multiple life spes and arcam distribution. After Hurricanes Katrina and

Wilma, E species proliferated at one gm he forest canopy was damaged by one of the

Storms. Plant ar to persist i th is created. When this occurs, plants

grow tapidly to ya canopy level and brai to piodáne Hives and fruit.

Of the Rhynchosia species found in Florida (Wunderlin & Hansen 2003), R. bapa Isapecially young

plants) most closely resembles Rhynchosia swartzii (Vail) Urban. In Florida, R light

&ps of rockland hammocks in Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys (Gann et al. 2002). Both Rhynchosia

Ie gu al shaped rhombic to ovate eaves Leaman: yea glad. due paisa sE

tR.y , where-

5S R. swartzii seeps are cea or sub-central Additional Bi aces be occur in that R. precatoria leaflets are

larger than g 010m hao in ak canopy. Itisa vine Evam a eee "er

stem measuring Do over 3 cm wide, and! ls tl d black. R}

cm long, grows to only a few meters in length, its stem is less than 1 cm wide, and it has seeds that are

Mirely red (Correll & Correll 1982; Grear 1978).

Rhynchosia precatoria is also very similar to R. phaseoloides, a species found in the Caribbean, South

America and Southern Panama (Grear 1978). Rhynchosia precatoria lacks stipels, has flowers with pedicel

kength of 13mm and corolla length of 8-12mm while R. phaseoloides has setiform stipels and flowers with

Pedicels length of 0.5-1mm and corolla length of 7-8mm. Measurements of the original collection and a

E ————

MOL Res. Inst Texas 5(2): 837 38, 2011

838 J l of the Botanical R h Insti f Texas 5(2)

subsequent collection indicate that the Florida plants are consistent with R. precatoria as described by Grear

(1978)

Rhynchosia precatoria is also reported for Arizona, ane only other a in ies conti-

pente Menace e a Ee = 1). This species i 11 in the Uni vs 978)

t Culti Tg fR Bodas C UE el!

to the authors. It seems to be a relatively recent ania to Honda: however, because it was not reported

throughout the years, despite extensive exploration in this region by botanists including John Kunkel Small,

Frank C. Craighead Sr., Lloyd L. Loope, and George N. Avery. The location of the two populations is fairly re-

mote and within Everglades National Park, so it is conceivable that this species arrived on its own by natural

means. South Florida has many elements in the flora with largely tropical distributions. However, virtually all

of the tropical pec nere at n one occurrence in the West pie Mus R. pean does not. Obvious

human impacts at both ively limited and tł ies. Brazilian-

pepper (Schinus terehi MORD, which is found in seh all Aoi of lados National Park, is the

imary i d at the site where R. precatoria Based on a lack of clear evidence

to indicate the likely means of arrival of this species in Horda, the nativity of this species is considered by the

authors to be unknown.

her speci FLORIDA. Miami-Dade Co.: Everglades N ] Park, Long Pine Key, Palma Vista #2 ers heap i in rock-

land hammock, vining 4 into th hin li f tree fall k, EVER-672, collected

ith Everglades National Park permit # EVER: 2003 SCI- 0084, itis pd native, 10 Feb 2004, Woodmansee 1366 m

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Funding for the project that facilitated this discovery was provided by the National Park Service through

Cooperative Agreement #H5284-03-0044, Rare Plant Monitoring and Restoration on Long Pine Key,

Everglades National Park. We thank Richard P. Wunderlin for his review of the manuscript.

REFERENCES

CORRELL, D.S. AND H.B. CORRELL. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. Vaduz: J. Cramer.

GANN, G.D, K.A. BRADLEY, AND S.W. WOODMANSEE. 2002. Rare plants of South Florida: their history, conservation, and resto-

ration. The Institute for Regional Conservation, Miami, Florida.

GREAR, J.W. 1978. A revision of the new world species of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae-Faboideae). Mem. New York Bot.

Gard. 31(1):1-168.

USDA, NRCS. 2011. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 9 February 2011). National Plant Data Center, Baton

Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA

WUNDERLIN, R.P. AND B.F. HANSEN. 2003. Guide to tl lar pl f Florida, d edition. University Press of Florida,

astulal p

Gainesville.

NOTEWORTHY VASCULAR PLANT COLLECTIONS

FROM CALCASIEU PARISH, LOUISIANA

Ray Neyland Christopher Reid

id i Biology and Allied Health Department of Life —

se State University Louisiana State University

Lake ches ‘ie 70609-2000, U.S.A. Baton Rouge, pera paas U.S.A.

eyland@mcneese.edu

David J. Rosen

Department of Biology

Lee College

Baytown, Texas 77522-0818, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Th p ER f ao fi Calcasieu Parish, I isi by Neyl 1 l. in 2000 and by Neyland in 2002 and 2009 are up-

dated and revised. Subseq fieldwork has yielded the di of 30 new species records for the parish. Dichanthelium wrightianum is

reported for Louisiana for the first time. Rare in Louisiana, Boutel tipendul tipendul 1 Zepl ll 39 1 1

reported A 2t gl 1 E 1 igi 1 y 1 1

RESUMEN

lapi Hh y 4 3; MN REL 1 E alcasien Parish 1 = p A13 1 1 laña dana p aoe A 2002 y INNO

se actnalica ao y 1 $c 1 1 J as : 14, 2n . J : 1 Dichan-

y e y 5 t F P

theli sh : X seer pas : D 1 ici Toc : UE z hi LA 1 Ll

Bin se informa. Se señaló una uni E:

INTRODUCTION

This pape 1 d i 1 igi ] Vasc ular p l I Ney land et al. (2000) and Neyland (2002,

2009). Traa the purpose of yee paper is to list new dilectae from Calcasieu Parish and to correct a

previous identification error. Detailed information is given for five noteworthy collections included in this

surve

METHODS

Since the publication of the previously mentioned surveys, plant collections from Calcasieu Parish have con-

tinued. These collections also include those discovered during the survey of Persimmon Gulley sponsored by

the Nature Conservancy. Voucher specimens were prepared using standard herbarium practices and are

housed in the McNeese State University (MCN), Louisiana State University (LSU), Arkansas Natural Heritage

Commission (ANHC), University of North Carolina (NCU), University of Texas at Austin (UTL-XX), ey

of Wisconsin-Stevens Point (UWSP) and Vanderbilt (VDB) herbaria. Paris! 1 listed alphabeti

family. Scientific names follow Flora of North America Committee (1997+) or USDA, NRCS (2010).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following are new additions to the vascular flora of Calcasieu Parish. These taxa have not been confirmed

Previously as occurring in the parish. Specimen references below follow the same format as in the original

EY Neyland et be me^ and in e dep m poets (Neylend 2002, 2009). Following the collection

aisan abbreviation for ypically occurs: pineland (Pi); prairie (Pr);

E. sites (D); fresh uie (FM): Ekik marsh (BM).

L Bot. Res. Inst, Texas 5(2): 839 — 841.2011

1 (per Dae . .1D hi 2 £T. chy

Amaranthaceae Scleria mueble pae (Su) Reg 7063 sde

A Willd

Amaranthus australis (A. Gray) Sauer (MCN) Neyland 2435 D, FM, BM y

Amaryllidaceae x

TES modium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray (LSU) Reid 7668 Pr

. | 2334

Zephyranthes chlorosolen (Herbert) D. Dietrich (MCN) Neyland ds kopeni Weak sta

Hypoxidaceae

"m H is rigida Ch (LSU, TEX, MO) R /Reid 5185 Pi

Chromolaena ivifolia (L.) King & H. Rob (ANHC, LSU) Reid 7272 Pr da T, WERE :

psis gladiata Walter (LSU) R /Reid 5141 Pi tamiaceae

Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter and Britton (LSU) Reid dora C | land 2432D

7774 Pr Scutellaria d Michx. var. “missouriensis (Torr.) Goodman & C.A.

Solidago ludoviciana (A y) Small (LSU) Reid 7776 P Lawson LSU Rosen 5118 Pi

s Pace

Clusiaceae la (Michx.) Torr. var. curtipendula (LSU, NCU,

Hyperi fascicul l (LSU) R [Reid Pi TEX-LL + Aia ROEN 7541D

NE BOEDA (Kunth) Gould & C.A. Clark (UWSP)

w/ Rosen 753

SS JO p ty aye Dchantelun nen (Scribn.) Freckmann (LSU) Reid w/

Rosen 7628 Pi

Cyperac

Carex longi Mack (LSU) ae ind A

cl cl :4&£CAC D

D. : D Es. J AAC) D /Dp;d ENO2 Di

ast dichotoma (L. vant (SU, V. siu ds sid UT

T aspalum modestum. Mez (LSU) Re

Rhynchospora globularis iun ) Small var. pinea (B.S. p) Gale Sai f adioa Wer Chasen Sy, NCU) fd md

* SU, VDB) Reid Ga note Scrophulariaceae

) Elliott (LSU) Reid 7081 Pr Gratiola neglecta Torr. (LSU, TEX) R w/Reid 5225 Pi

Rhynchosr. gnita (Gale) Kral (LSU) Reid 7462 Pi, Pr

The following entry was misidentified in the original survey (Neyland et al. 2000). The specimen reported as

— coda C) Sauer NOR 1003 BM, FM, is Amaranthus gula hus enn Sii bue.

y. Asa result of t

lar surveys, the number of fi 1 ifi 1sub ifi

the par ish is increased d 1203.

Four of the above collections are noteworthy. Pis Zephyranthes chlorosolen is listed as S2 (imperiled) in

Louisiana by the Louisiana Natural Heritage Program (2010). The listed specimen represents a fairly large

population from along railroad tracks that run through a coastal prairie remnant in Lake Charles. The only

other known population in Calcasieu Parish was discovered in 2005 (Reid, 5621, LSU) along the same railroad

line in a coastal prairie remnant near Vinton, LA. The distance between these two populations is approxi-

mately 33km.

Second, ees iio tipos (Miche) Torr. var. Ce is listed as e (critically us in

eria: quie a (Natu 20 )

The specimen cited above was collected ban a large well-established Population on a dry rocky roadside and

is an apparent tere

Third ]

to Louisiana. In the southeastern United States, this

wet pine savanna grass ranges bon Virginia to Texas but is not included in Louisiana (Freckmann & Lelong

2003; Allen et al. 2003; Diggs et al. 2006).

Fourth, Monarda citriodora aidé ex ae 7 IAN was cdd dus deba tracks near the

ENMENDAR station in eE resale I individual rved. This spe-

hac heen 1] WM 3T 1

f Louisiana. However, this is the first

collection of this species from the southwestern portion of the PR It is uncertain whether this is a waif or

represents a prairie remnant.

Additionally, in the Neyland et al. 2000 paper, Tillandsia recurvata (L) L. (Neyland, 1846, MCN) was

listed in the Calcasieu flora. This specimen was collected from a recently introduced population. However, à

een was col 010 bh dran: ane enis that represents what may be a natural population. Ee

1] t san

specimen

ar the Calcasieu River in Lake Charles. Thi

an adjacent Q. virginiana tree were hoth heavily infested with T. recurvata. Based on this information, Harry

Neyland et al., Flora of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana 841

Luther (pers. comm.) stated PM E i i is is most likely derived from native Texas stock. Whether this

isa natural or a very old i por tain.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We greatly Pp i th i comments ol f Michael MacRoberts.

REFERENCES

ALLEN, C.M., D.A. NEWMAN, AND H.W. WINTERS. 2004. Grasses of Louisiana 3rd edition. Allen's Native Ventures, LLC. Pitkin,

Dicas, G.M., B.L. LIPSCOMB, M.D. REED, AND R.J. O'KENNON, 2006. Illustrated flora of East Texas. Sida Bot. Misc. 26:1-1594.

Dices, G.M., B.L. LipscomB, M.D. REED, AND R.J. O'KENNON, 2006. Illustrated flora of East Texas, Vol. 1. Austin College for

Environmental Studies, Shearman, Texas and Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Ft. Worth.

FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE.1997+. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Oxford University Press,

New York and Oxford.

FRECKMANN, R.W., AND M.G. LELONG. 2003. Panicum In: Flora of North America editorial committee (eds.). Flora of North

America. eng 25. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, Oxford University Press, New York and

Oxford. 2:450-458.

LOUISIANA og HERITAGE PROGRAM. 2010. Rare plant tracking list. Available at http//www.wlf.louisiana.gov/wildlife/

rare-plants-fact-sheets.

NATURESERVE. 2010. NatureServe sua An outline piscis of life [web application] Version 7.1. Nature Serve,

Arlington, Virginia. Availabl

NEYLAND R. 2002. An update to the AE EO flora of Calcasieu Parish Louisiana. Sida 20:431-433.

NEYLAND R. 2009. A revision to the vascular flora of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3:379-381.

NEYLAND, R., B.J. HOFFMAN, M. MAYFIELD, AND L.E. URBATSCH. 2000. A vascular flora survey of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana.

Sida 19:361-386.

USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Available at

http://plants.usda.gov.

842 1 Laila D tsal D COMO EROR PIRA £T. Frío

BOOK REVIEW

DAVID CARLE. 2010. Introduction to Earth, Soil, and Land in California. (ISBN 978-0-520-26681-0, pbk).

California Natural History Guides 101. University of California Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley,

California 94704-1012, U.S.A. (Orders: ww I edu, 510-642-9737). $19.95, 230 pp., 101 color

illustrations, 11 line illustrations, 18 maps, 2 tables, 42" x 714".

This book follows David Carle's previous natural history guides to air, fire, and water, and is an exploration

into yet another primary element of the natural world, the land beneath our feet. His goal is to educate and

encourage all Californians to appreciate the living soil as the fundamental basis for life and to become better

stewards q mo Tue resource.

th, Soil, and Land in California begins with me 39 E ras praats the surface

of the earth. Iti ] p d ities of 1, The book

then leads to broader topics of humans on the land, uin land into real es-

SITE

tate, population growth, and farmland. Discussion of untamed land is filled with inter-

esting geological information on diutius: volcanoes, and landslides. Carle's guide is filled with relevant

facts and is told in a narrative style that makes a subject, which to some might seem boring, quite interesting.

While not being technically difficult to read, the material is covered in pea detail and Carle carefully breaks

down the various issues. We feel the passion that Carle feels for p environment. It would be dif-

ficult not to have a greater sense of appreciation for the soil boda our ioci after having read his book.

The book is written from a perspective more political and historical rather than technical, and includes

numerous wonderful coor Berens ms and other illustrations. Also included in the back of the book

is an Index, ext ist ine Soil Land Resources, References, and Art Credits.—Doty Bucy, Master

Gardener and volunteer, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-

3400, U.S.A.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 842. 2011

ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED PLANT SPECIES

SURROUNDING POPULATIONS OF CYPRIPEDIUM KENTUCKIENSE

(ORCHIDACEAE) IN WEST CENTRAL LOUISIANA

Krisztian Megyeri Charles M. Allen

Dept. P Pubs wi ciao ies Science ose State University

iversity of N olk Station

yi hore DE. St

New sitis Louisiana 70148, U.S.A. Fort Polk, Louisiana 71459, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Ti UA I : TU fi i Twenty ft ly i l d he F Polk Mili Installation in

Vernon Parish, Louisi 1 lditional pl I by Kisatchie National F in Natchitoches Parish. The most common

associated herbaceous species was Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, woody vine Toxicodend li hrub/ g virginiana.

small tree Ilex opaca, and big tree Quercus alba

RESUMEN

I 1 52 Ao (^. J 3g 1 at EAE X DES CORE

o O f *

má 1 a : 4 1 4 dal Dae, HE E A 1 1 1 1

r 4 r eo

1 1 dm DAI 1 1 x 1 a 1 } 1 4 e IE 1

p Ve

y yuia de N 1 pecies herbá iad 4 f Ch hi ilifl trepadora leñosa Toxicoden-

dron radicans b lui LI. "m T E Pe ndi | ~ L3 | D T n

J Oo r 1 E o

INTRODUCTION

Ina previous paper, the vegetation around five populations of Cyprepidium kentuckiense vage at ex Polk,

Louisiana 1 (Allen et al. 2004). As pointed out then, this was the first report o

the vegetation BEC HE with C. kentuckiense. In this paper we report on the vegetation associated with 23

eee ations ir in west Von Louisiana ese the five opea inciden i in the first a ded et al.

2004). Cyr

2010). The habitat i in Louisiana and east Texas is reported to be UR wood, calcareous Est: and hard-

wood slope forest (Louisiana Natural Heritage Program 2003; Poole et al. 2007). In the previous report, C.

kentuckiense was found to be associated with a forest composed of Fagus grandifolia, Ostrya virginiana,

Eee re. Suros alba, vm Hamamelis virginia in the overstory and Tnscodendion radicans and

The purpose f this paper is to further egetation

immediately adios C. kentuckiense po Information on C. kentuckiense populations across the

southeast and on other qualitative inventories of simil

repeated here (Allen et al. 2004

pecan hentuckiens is is a rare orchid with a global conservation status of G3, which is defined as be-

Ingatm due to a restricted range, and relatively few populations (NatureS 2010).

Within the United States, its distribution is limited to the southeastern states of AL, AR, GA, KY, LA, MS, OK,

TN, TX, and VA (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2002). Specifically, in AL, GA, LA, MS, OK, TX,

and VA, this orchid is rated S1 - critically imperiled because of extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences) or

habitat is given in the previous paper and will not be

because of some factor(s) such as very steep declines making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from the

State or province (NatureS 2010). It is rated S2 (imperiled with 20 or fewer) in TN, S1/S2 in Kentucky and

33 (vulnerable with 80 or E in oe Furthermore, while this range of eee seems de Sle en

cally moderate, most indivi pot f yello W lady "s slipper are relatively e

ER s. o 5

Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 843 — 847. 2011

844 1 aa xai s

plants) (NatureServe 2010). This orchid is reported from 12 counties in east Texas (Diggs et al. 2006; Liggio &

Liggio 1999) and in Louisiana, is reported from 11 parishes with four from unverified reports (Louisiana

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Natural deae Wd der iui ie to its rarity, as is qs con-

servational interest of a variety of parties, j ith varied

results in the past (US Forest Service 2011; Loos & Philipps 2010).

STUDY SITES AND METHODS

We studied 22 Fort Polk sites d on the banks of Bird's, Liberty, and Ouiska Chitto Creeks and their tribu-

taries on Fort Polk in Vernon Parish and one site located on the banks of a tributary of Kisatchie Bayou in

Natchitoches Parish. The: soil at the Vernon Parish sites is Eastwood silt loam (Soil Survey Division 2003) and

ee n A

All data from the 23 pande of ts Sheet anemia were pers iis Jang 2010. During

this time period, all of the woody p ł

23 clumps were composed of 3-5 individual plants, and all plants appeared to be in good health, with some

just passing the flowering stage. The area surrounding each of the 23 lady-slipper sites was examined and the

five nearest individuals to the center of the clump were identified to species including herbaceous, woody-

vines, uke Dto non-vine a than six feet), sl p y non-vines E than six feet and

non-vines taller tl ix fi 1] ] h). Additionally,

the one dominant species w within a im fede was Me npa o the herbaceous, wordy as g shru

category. All raw dat

Excel. At each of the 23 sites, five individual plants were eet agi for each of the five vegetation categories

producing a total of 115 individuals per category. The relati Iculated by dividing the num-

ber of times that a species was recorded by 115, the total number of observations. This was done for all five

canaries ag ar Man was Ponverter i a Reon, The frequency was calculated for each species by divid-

att

loam (Soil Survey Division 1990).

Most of the

—

g of sites (23). The relative frequency was calculated by

dividing the freq y fora species bei ] i all frequencies for the category, ES m Sun and

d -vines, the relative d l d by dividing tl by2

This value was converted to a percent. pow e neus for the ie estore woody-vines and shrubs were

calculated by summing the relative ab ; juency, and relati the shrubs/

saplings and trees by the sum of the relative abund d relative f.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A total of 76 species were recorded including 24 herbaceous, 12 woody-vines, and 40 woody non-vines Gl

shrubs, 19 shrubs/saplings and 16 trees note overlap in categories) (Tables 1-5). The species are listed in de-

creasing poa values, The top tirer associated herbaceous species are Chasmanthium sessiliflorum,

Polystichum n erectum (Table 1). For woody-vines, the most important species

is Toxicodendron radicans with almost half of the importance value; Bignonia capreolata and Smilax smallii are

second and third respectively (Table 2). The top three species for shrubs are Hamamelis virginiana, Acer ru-

brum, and Styrax grandifolius (Table 3). For shrubs/saplings, the top three species are Ilex opaca, Fagus grandi-

folia, and Hamamelis virginiana (Table 4). The three trees with the highest importance value are Quercus alba,

Tilia americana, and Nyssa sylvatica (Table 5).

une all of e herbaceous species bkn: in this aay were also listed by Allen et al. (2004) and six

each study. Broad beechfern (Thelypteris hexagonoptera)

was found in association with all of the enon National Forest locations in Texas (Loos & Philipps 2010). The

woody vine species that dominated (importance value = 123.72) in the Allen et al. (2004) study as well as this

study (importance value = 128.28) was Toxicodendron radicans. Seven of the shrub/sapling speciet reported i in

the top ten in importance value in Allen et al. (2004) lso in the topt th shrub/sapling

categories in this study. The top five tree species in our st udy Q alba, Tilia americana, Nyssa $y lvatica,

M * And All D lapi El

845

~Ir V ¿Y

TABLE 1. List of hert [ led from 23 Cyprip Á Á T

frequency i nce

species abundance percent dominance value

Chasmanthium sessiliflorum 12 52.17 T 51.48

Polystichum acrostichoides 8 34.78 E 28.89

Brachyelytrum erectum 9 39.13 3 26.93

Thelypteris hexagonoptera 14 60.87 2 23.90

Solidago caesia 13 56.52 1 23.23

Scleria oligantha 9 39.13 1 21.26

ichanthelium commutatum 9 39.13 0 19.95

odium glutinosum 9 39.13 1 19.75

Dichanthelium boscii 5 21.74 2 17.59

Mitchella repens 3 13.04 1 11.50

Phaseolus polystachios 5 21.74 0 10.41

Carex albicans 4 1739 0 8.02

Cynoglossum virginianum 2 8.70 1 7.60

Elephantopus tomentosus 2 8.70 0 4.77

Dioscorea villosa 2 8.70 0 325

Aster lateriflorus 1 4.35 0 2.38

Carex debilis 1 4.35 0 2.38

Melica m 1 4.35 0 2.38

Ruellia carolinensis 1 4.35 0 2.38

via lyrata 1 4.35 0 2.38

Sanicula canadensis 1 4.35 0 2.38

Spigelia marilandica 1 4.35 0 2.38

Viola spp. 1 4.35 0 2.38

Viola walterii 1 4.35 0 2.38

Total 300

TABLE 2. List of woody-vine speci led from 23 Cyprir Á k T

frequency importance

Species abundance percent dominance value

Toxicodendron radicans 53 60.87 12 123.72

Bignonia capreolata 17 34.78 2 38.02

Smilax smallii 7 21.74 3 28.22

Smilax tamnoides 8 17.39 3 2427

Smilax pumila 10 26.09 1 23.95

Parthenocissus quinquefolia 7 26.09 1 21.34

Vitis rotundifolia Z 8.70 1 9.72

Smilax glauc 4 13.04 0 8.93

milax bona-nox 2 8.70 0 5.38

Smilax rotundifolia 2 8.70 0 5.38

Vitis spp. 2 8.70 0 5.38

Rubus argutus 1 4.35 0 2.69

Total 300

Fagus grandifolia, and Pinus taeda while the Allen et al. (2004) study's top five tree species were Fagus grandifo-

lia, Quercus alba, Symplocos tinctoria, Nyssa sylvatica, and Ostrya virginiana. Some of the lack of overlap be-

t n thet E T

ld be attributed to the use of three woody nonvine categories in this study compared

to two in the 2004 study by Allen et al.

The Fort Polk military installation offers a unique and valuable opportunity to conduct ecological re-

search due to the vast areas of restricted, and thus, undisturbed habitat. This study generated a list of associ-

ated species for Cypripedium kentuckiense based mainly on the Fort Polk populations. These association data

should be similar across much of the southern range of the species, especially in Louisiana and east Texas

hi a £ T, ch)

TABLE 3 p yprip

freq importance

species abundance percent dominance value

Hamamelis virginiana 16 34.78 6 50.53

Acer rubru 14 34.78 2 31.40

Styrax grandifolius 10 21.74 3 28.32

Symplocos tinctoria 8 13.04 3 23.95

Pinus taeda y! 26.09 1 18.33

Euonymus americanus 9 17.39 1 17.44

Arundinaria gigantea 5 13.04 2 16.99

Fagus grandifolia 6 21.74 1 16.14

s alata 3 13.04 1 10.90

Tilia americana 2 8.70 1 8.72

iburnum dentatum 4 13.04 0 743

Vaccinium elliottii 3 13.04 0 6.56

Quercus falc 3 8.70 0 5.24

Acer barbatum 2 8.70 0 4.37

Carya cordiform 2 8.70 0 4.37

agas inito 2 8.70 0 4.37

2 8.70 0 4.37

o serotina 2 8.70 0 4.37

Chicas virginicus 0 0.00 1 4.35

Vaccinium arboreum 0 0.00 1 4.35

Quercus incana 3 4.35 0 3.92

raxinus americana 2 4.35 0 3.05

Sassafras albidu 2 4.35 0 3.05

Callicarpa americana 1 4.35 0 2.19

Carpinus caroliniana 1 4.35 0 2.19

Nyssa sylvati 1 4.35 0 2-19

Ostrya virginiana 1 4.35 0 2.19

Quercus al 1 4.35 0 2.19

Quercus shumardii 1 4.35 0 2.19

irr kg canescens 1 4.35 0 2.19

Sabal min 1 4.35 0 2.19

HEINE ee?

Total 300

TA li A RT x uc 4 " PN "v e use Lonturlience sites in

west central Louisiana.

frequency importance

species abundance percent value

e Nadu mU COR d

llex opaca 29 69.57 46.84

Fagus grandifolia 14 39.13 24.34

amamelis virginiana 13 34.78 22:42

Symplocos tinctoria 13 26.09 19.41

Ostrya virginiana 10 30.43 18.16

Tilia americana 10 21.74 15.45

Fraxinus americana 6 17.39 10.62

Acer barbatum B 13.04 7.53

Ulmus alata 3 13.04 6.66

Cornus florida 2 8.70 444

Liquidambar styraciflua 2 8.70 444

a sylvatica 2 8.70 4.44

Carpinus daria 1 4.35 222

sein reticulata 1 4.35 2.22

Ilex longipes 1 4.35 2.22

Magnolia iE iei 1 4.35 222

Styrax grandifoliu 1 4.35 2.22

Ulmus americana 1 4.35 222

Vaccinium arboreum 1 4.35 222

rs Pe A ss MNT A

Total

Meayeri and Allen, P lati f Cynrinedi Piper vee TI POS e

moy) v ee

Í 4 4 i Im h CE Y 44 4 E TEE A

inwest central Louisiana.

frequency importance

species abundance percent value

Quercus alba 14 43.48 25.16

E 15 34.78 23.43

Nyssa sylva 12 34.78 20.82

E np 13 30.43 20.40

inus taeda 10 34.78 19.09

cni styraciflua 9 30.43 16.92

llex opaca 10 17.39 13.89

Fraxinus americana 8 21.74 13.45

er rubrum 6 26.09 13.01

Carya alba 7 17.39 11.28

Acer barbatum 3 13.04 6.50

Ostrya virginiana 2 8.70 4.34

Ulmus americana 2 8.70 4.34

Quercus shumardii 2 4.35 3.04

arya ovata 1 4.35 247

Magnolia grandifolia 1 4.35 P» Pi

Total 200

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Wethank Jarrod Grandon and Brad Waguespack for assisting with all field work. Appreciation is also extended

to Fort Polk and the US Forest Service and to Michael MacRoberts, Ray Neyland, and Harry Meyer for critical

reviews.

REFERENCES

ALLEN, C.M., S. THAMES, S. TI! AND J. laa Ligas A ua suay id the vegetation pois yellow

lady-slipper orchid (Cypriped ) pop rt Polk in Sida

21:409-417

DicGs, G.M., JR., B.L. Lipscom8, M.D. pes AND ise plici 2006. Illustrated flora of East Texas, Vol 1: Introduction,

Pteridophytes, G Sida, Bot. Misc. 26:1-

FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA EDITORIAL ers 2002. Flora of North America: Volume 26; Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales

and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New

UGGIO, J. AND A.O. LIGGIO. 1999. Wild orchids ok "er ion Press, ASA

LOOS, P. AND T. PHILIPPS. 2010. Reintroduction of C ypri East Texas forests. Proceedings of the Fifth

Lone Star Regional Native Plant Conference hosted by Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Pp.

24-27.

LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND Saas Desens PERDE PRIMM: ae fam ind lbi He pal Cypripedium

kentuckiense C.F. Reed. http:// 19978676.

NATURESERVE. 2010. —— ot dici an online encyclopedia of me [web application} Version 7. 1 NatureServe,

Arlington, Virginia. Avail ber 15, 2010)

POOLE, J.M., W.R. CARR, D.M. PRICE, AND J. R. SINGHURST. 2007. Rare plants of Texas. Texas A and M. Press, College Station.

E^ scie DIVISION. i sa rigi a coda PIN: Louisiana. United States Department of Agriculture,

SOIL cel DIVISION. 2003: e vede id Vernon | bil Louisiana. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural

Resources C

US FOREST Service. 2011. Restoration of lady's sli hid on the Kisat

Feb 22, 2011). h p:// fs.fed.us/wildfl / | ¿ ion/ /cypripedium kentuckyense up-

date.shtml

, Louisiana. (Accessed

BOOK REVIEW

DAVID DEARDORFF AND KATHRYN WADSWORTH. 2009. What's Wrong With My Plant? (And How Do I Fix It?):

A Visual Guide to Easy Diagnosis and Organic Remedies. (ISBN 978-0-88192-961-4, pbk.). Timber

Press, the Haseltine Building, 133 SW. Second Avenue, Suite 450, Portland, Oregon 97204-3527, U.S.A.

(Orders: www.timberpress.com, 800-827-5622). $24.95, 451 pp., 774" x 91A".

What's Wrong With My Plant? (And How Do I Fix It?) A Visual Guide to Easy Diagnosis and Organic Remedies is a

book written to assist the layperson's issues with their garden, landscape and house plants, and remedy those

issues. The use of color illustrations and photographs help the non-scientist make a diagnosis of almost any

plant health issue you may face. David Deardorff is a plant pathologist pa potenist, bringing a apo

and scientific background, while Kathryn Wadsworth relies on her |

a more personal touch.

The book is broken in to three parts: Part 1 provides easy to follow flow charts designed to help the user

determine the issue; Part 2 helps you determine the best (organic) solution; and Part 3 is a photo gallery of all

bl lin your plants. Part 1 has its chapters organized by whole plant or the individual

parts of the plant (leaves, flowers, branches, roots, etc.). Part 2 breaks down in to the individual ailments in

each chapter (growing conditions, fungi, insects, nematodes, etc.). Part 3 provides photos for all of the prob-

lems you've researched in Parts 1 and 2 and has them organized by plant part again, in the same order and

fashion as Part 1. Finally, an appendix titled “Whats Wrong With My Lawn" allows you to analyze issues you

may be having in dee yard. Taisi isa be | short section, ges most of the basic premises of lawn care as

well as some tips on how y, blel The book wraps up with a Resources sec-

tion, a Glossary, References, and an Index.

The flow charts in this book are very well laid out and work very similar to a dichotomous key. Overall,

they make it very easy to determine your problem. Even more helpful are the real photographs in Part 3 of ac-

tual cases of problems. They're well done and are typically representative of the problems. I was able to diag-

nose three different issues I was having on my own property (two in the garden and one in my shrubbery)

caused by three diff issues. All were correct, and the remedies provided in Part 2 were helpful. My only

complaint is that it is an organic-based bier so it doesn' really offer meni in terms of chemical treatment for

insect and disease issues, but it is what it is. I would highly who takes pride in

the common

their landscaping or gardening, professionals and hobbyists alike. Plant care is Bec a delicate balance, and

this book provides many of the tools needed to find that balance.—Micah Chambers, SWCA Environmental

Consultants, 3901 Arlington Highlands Blvd, Suite 200, Arlington, TX 76018, mchambers@swca.com

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 848. 2011

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE VEGETATION SURROUNDING THE

TAENIDIA INTEGERRIMA (APIACEAE) POPULATION

AT FORT POLK IN WEST CENTRAL LOUISIANA

Jarrod Grandon Charles M. Allen

University of Louisiana at Lafayette Colorado State Univ., Fort Polk

O. Box 44610 e

Lafayette, Louisiana 70504-4610, U.S.A. Fort Polk, Louisiana 71459, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

reported. TL: p i £ $ T Lt (C? * | Na 1 1 EL » | rt ee | E 1 I z 1 gl i£ g The number of

species. Th ] hert p i Ch hi ilifl h i 1 dy vines spe

RESUMEN

S dió la vegetación q d población de pimpinel illa (Taenidia integerrima) en F Jaw en Vernon n en el centro

d. . è P1 : 1 Ls c? y hay muy p A 1; ES 23:3 297»

de esp d ] y ho especi pad leñ esa herbáceas, Sy diez y siete PERS o

arbustos. La especie herbá iada má an fue C} thi ilifl la má fue Toxicodendron

radicans 1 : i. x 1 z 4 ^ f. LI. h

INTRODUCTION

Yellow pimpernel, Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude, is an herbaceous perennial member of the Apiaceae that

ranges eno the eastern United States (USDA NRCS 2011). sa globally secure and reported from

32 states, itis fi ingl (N S 2011). However, in the West Gulf Coastal

Plain on the western ye of its range, it is rare (S2) being reported in Louisiana from five parishes Bienville,

Caldwell, Natchitoches, Vernon and Winn (Louisiana Natural Heritage Program 2011). It is reported from

Harrison, Red River, Sabine, and San Augustine Counties in east Texas (Turner et al. 2003) but only from San

Augustine County in the USDA anabe (USDA NRCS 2011).

ee E A : : 1 E 1 f A

) thr oughout Most OF

g , especially where wooded slopes occur

and its habitat includ ky bluffs al d creel rs, relatively dry, open rocky woods where little

shrub or herbaceous vegetation occur, and rocky buts aan the forest canopy is broken ( Guthrie 1968).

According to NatureServe (2011) it is found i ts and Britton and ponm (1943) Teperi it

from rocky or sandy soils. In Louisiana, Larl d Smith (2003) report the | d-domina t

P uUliilidau

ed calcar f , often on | slopes or near small intermittent creeks.

Our study population is located in Vernon Parish in west central Louisiana on the sloped banks of a ra-

vine which feeds into Bird’s Creek. The soil at the site is Eastwood silt loam (Soil Survey Division 2003).

METHODS

A25 x 5m macro plot was positioned over the Taenidia integerrima ee ie The sampled area was divided

into 50 (5 x 0.5m) plots and ten plots for sampling ly selected using a random number generator.

Each plot was systematically examined and all species were identified and the number of plants was deter-

mined and recorded. For the herbaceous plants, woody vines, and shrubs/saplings, cover was determined by

Measuring and adding up the total length-width area (stem and leaves) occupied by the individuals of each

Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 849 — 853.2011

850 Journal of the Botanical R h Insti f Texas 5(2)

species in the sample. For trees that were as tall as or taller than 1.9m, the DBH was measured at the standard

1.37m height using a ace ial un and Mrégje is to the aoit 0.1 cm.

All data l i f variables. The percent cover was

calculated by dividing the area occupied by each species oy the plot area (2.5m2), and multiplying by 100. The

mean nn Cees) ely me of pem Pr plot), and percent cover plus the standard deviation

ts, woody vines, shrubs/saplings, and all

plants). The mean dbh m standard vation for di yeaa were x ote for the ten plots. The fre-

quency, mean density, mean cover percent and mean DBH Iculated f ies in all ten plots. The

relative values for each of these variables (frequency, mean density, mean DBH, auis mean cover percent) were

calculated by dividing the value for the Specs by the Sus «€ all species in the pes pou Faci va was

multiplied by 100 to c e relative values p

tance value with a total of: 300 bx woody vines and bic ails and 400 for the tree/shrubs.

RESULTS

The number of species totaled forty-seven with cum "a vines, an herbaceous plants, and: seven-

teen tree, shrub or saplings (Table 1). TI per plot ranged from 4.40 for woody vines to

9.70 for herbaceous plants. The mean mimber of plants de los (density) was 74.20 for all plants and ranged

from 8.70 for d shrubs to 44.40 for | The mean cover percent for all plants was 95.67

and ranged from 18.93 percent for woody vines to 55. 86 percent for herbaceous plants. The mean dbh per

sample was 15.10 cm.

The tree and shrub "n are Bus in Table 2, the woody vines are listed in Table 3 and the herbaceous

species are listed in Table 4. The sp d in descending importance value in all of the tables. The

three most important tree and shrub species are Hamamelis virginiana (69.17), Tilia americana (59.02), and

Viburnum dentatum) (25.94) (Table 2). The most important woody vine species was Toxicodendron radicans

(76.83), while T T (75. 25) and urs €— (39. 2 Lo eec pe: i third bec

tively (Table 3). T

74.84 followed by Taenidia i ima (42.46) and Desmodium gluti G9 70) (Table 4).

DISCUSSION

Our community data are similar to the larger nested yellow lady slipper plots on Fort Polk (Allen et al. 2004).

They reported seventy-eight total species with nine woody vines, twenty-one herbaceous species, and forty-

five tree, shrub or saplings. usd mean — a To per ues eo from 9.00 for woody vines to

23.80 for shrubs and saplings. T ple (densit y) d 651.40 per sample for

all plants and ranged from 77.00 for I shrul 216.80 for shrul d sapli The mean cover percent

for all plants was 240.74 percent and ranged from 8.68 percent for woody vines to 159.86 percent for herba-

ceous plants. The mean dbh per sample was 877.98 cm

The Fort Polk/Vernon Parish population is associated with the herbaceous species, Chasmanthium ses-

siliflorum and Desmodium glutinosum. The woody vines, Toxicodendron radicans and Parthenocissus quinquifolia

were also found PAIN = nitur sida at this location. We also found the two most common

associated 1 Tilia americana. The vegetation surrounding

the Taenidia integerrima popuklar is similar to each lady slipper populations (Megyeri & Allen 2011 and

Allen et - 2004). These authors Me found d PER PEN as one of the p three einai? and

Ch soci-

p trees. For

ated as one of the top th pecies along with Toxicodendron dica and Smilax smalii as ‘two out id the top

three species in woody vines.

Our data are the first quantitative report on the vegetation surrounding Taenidia integerrima. The vegeta-

tion around the other populations of Taenidia integerrima throughout its range should be sampled for com-

parison with our data so as to get a better idea of the variation, if any, of its habitat.

Grandon and Allen, Populations of Taenidia integ l 851

TABLE 1. Com ity variables fi ple pl d the Taenidia integ | Fort Polk in W

Diversity (Richness)

ll Herbace Woody

Plants Plants S Vines

17.70 9.70 4.70 4.40

sd E 4.30 2:31 1.83 1.26

12-21 5-13 2-8 2-7

al E be 47 22 17 8

Density (Number of plants per plot)

All Herbaceous Trees/ Woody

Plants Plants Shrubs Vines

Mean 74.20 44.40 8.70 21.10

Std Dev. 21.33 10.96 3.65 13.00

Range 50-114 26-60 5-12 7-46

Cover Percent DBH (cm)

All Herbaceous Shrubs/ Woody Trees/

Plants Plants Saplings Vines Shrubs

Mean 95.67 55.86 22.88 18.93 15.10

Std Dev. 29.33 11.54 20.65 4.56 20.65

Range 53.17-166.59 41.49-75.94 6.69-71.23 4.39-41.50 — 26-37

TABLE 2. Variables for Tree/Shrub species i ple pl j the Taenid q popul Fort Polk in Wi I

Mean Mean Mean Importance

Species Frequency Density Cover DBH Value

Hamamelis virginiana 90.00 2.20 5.16 0.00 69.17

Tilia americana 30.00 0.50 2.32 5.40 59.02

Viburnum dentatum 50.00 1.90 5.05 0.00 56.69

Liquidambar styraciflua 20.00 0.20 0.00 7.10 53.57

Ac 50.00 0.70 2.43 175 41.90

Quercus all 50.00 0.90 HA 0.00 27.24

Fraxinus americana 40.00 0.50 0.99 0.00 18.99

Styrax grandifolius 10.00 0.30 2.29 0.00 16.54

rya virginiana 30.00 0.30 0.27 0.00 11.11

Cornus florida 10.00 0.10 0.00 0.85 8.91

Vaccinium virgatum 10.00 0.20 0.57 0.00 7.14

Pinus taeda 20.00 0.20 0.04 0.00 6.72

Prunus serotina 20.00 0.20 0.02 0.00 6.63

Ulmus alata 10.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 5.40

ah a ovata 10.00 0.10 0.16 0.00 4.04

aegus marshallii 10.00 0.10 0.06 0.00 3.55

dg albidum 10.00 0.10 0.00 337

Total 470.00 8.70 20.88 15.10 400.00

852 J | of the Botanical R h Institute of Texas 5(2)

TABLE 3. Variables for Wi dy Vi p iec i pl pl itha T adin i 9 ; pop lati E Dall ML f. 1

Mean an Importance

Species Frequency Density Cover Value

Toxicodendron radicans 90.00 6.10 5.20 76.83

poa quinquefolia 60.00 7.00 5.40 7533

Smilax smallii 70.00 1.90 2.77 39.57

Minori capreolata 40.00 3.30 1.84 3447

milax tamnoides 50.00 0.90 1:73 24.78

Smilax glauca 60.00 1.00 0.67 21.90

itis spp. 40.00 0.50 0.49 14.03

Smilax rotundifolium 30.00 0.40 0.83 13.10

Total 440.00 21.10 18.93 300.00

TABLE 4 VU. eS | E u L [ pl pl A el. Y 1; g I [ | P. D-IL VAL P a)

Mean Mean Importance

Species Frequency Density Cover Val

Chasmanthium PEDE 100.00 7.10 27.12 74.84

Taenidia integerrim 80.00 10.70 5.65 42.46

Desmodium nib 90.00 7.60 7.43 39.70

Dichanthelium boscii 100.00 4.30 3.18 25.70

Scleria oligantha 60.00 1.50 2.52 14.08

Elephantopus etc 50.00 1.90 2.40 13.73

Phaseolus polys jos 70.00 1.40 0.75 11.71

Desmodium la eat 30.00 2.10 2.04 11.47

Solidago caesia 40.00 2.10 0.94 10.54

Symphyotrichum ics na oa 50.00 1.00 0.41 8.13

Dicha nthelium mutatum 50.00 0.90 0.50 8.08

Weit walterii 40.00 0.70 0.19 6.04

30.00 0.70 0.42 5.42

Scutellaiae 40.00 0.50 0.08 5.40

um ssa Het 20.00 0.20 1.42 5.05

Rue i; caroliniensis 30.00 0.60 0.19 4.78

Verbesina virginica 20.00 0.20 0.32 3.09

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum 20.00 0.30 0.15 3.00

Lilium michauxii 20.00 0.20 0.12 272

Sanicula canadensis 10.00 0.20 0.02 1.52

Euphorbia corollata 10.00 0.10 0.01 1.27

~ a lyrata 10.00 0.10 0.01 Tu

tal 970.00 44.40 55.86 300.00

| —————M— t—HmÀ—

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We greatly appreciate th iew comments of Michael MacRoberts, Ray Neyland, and Harry Meyer.

REFERENCES

ALLEN, C.M., S. THAMES, S. EE AND J. MM Fin: A Es SIN S the Yegemen surrounding. n

lady-slipper orchid (Cypri ) por rt Polk in west Sida

21:409-417

BRITTON, N.L. AND A. BROWN. 1943. An illustrated ba of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions,

three vol. The New York Bot. Garden, N dios

Guthrie, R. L. 1968. A bi y Jia and P. ; 14i Ng rp E ). Ph.D Dissertation, West Virginia

University, Morgantown.

r A d Allen, P p "ETÀ £T. $1895. 8.2 : :. 5 eit 853

LARKE, J.O. AND L.M. SMITH. 1994. Rare plants of the pine-hardwood forests in Louisiana. Louisiana Dept. Wildlife &

Fisheries, Natural Heritage Program, nyon Rouge.

song pee HERITAGE — 2011 Dept. Wildlife & Fisheries, N | Program, Baton Rouge.

gov/wildlife/ plant eon co Det 3j 201 D.

MEZYGERI, K. oC Cu A01. A quantitative study M th lati f Yellow

Lady's Slipper ; F entral Eonia J. Bot. Res. list fus 5:XXX-XXX.

NATURESERVE. 2011. NatureServe Epira: An online encyclopedia of m [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe,

Arlin ngton, Virginia le http://www. natureserve ora/explorer. (Accesse "nu Aug, ict O 201

SoiL SURVEY DIVISION. 2002. inis Survey A Vernon q Louisiana: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural

Resources C inot

TURNER, B.L., H. NICHOLS, G. DENNY, ANDO. DORON. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas, Vol. 1: Dicots. Sida Bot. Misc.

24. Bot. Research Inst. Texas, Fort Worth.

USDA, NRCS. 2011. The Plants database (http://pl da.gov/plants). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA

70874-4490 USA.

1 i fal n H ip 2.8 1. £T. E le YN

854 lexas 5(2)

BOOK NOTICES | BOOKS RECEIVED

STEVE MANNING. FOREWORD BY RUDOLF JENNY. 2010. Di New World Orchids. (ISBN 978-0-9565594-

0-1, hbk.). Steve Manning, 4 The Cedars, Nantwich! Cheshire CW5 5GZ, UK. (Orders: http://www.ama-

+09). $Price not given, 669 pp., color

zon.com/Discovering-World-Orchids-Steve-M

throughout, 84" x 11%".

o S

A fascinating book about hid history, hid collectors, rchid growers, and botanists

P. BARRY TOMLINSON, JAMES W. HORN, AND JACK B. FISHER. 2011. The Anatomy of Palms: Arecaceae-Palmae.

(ISBN 978-0-19-955892-6, hbk.). Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK.

(Orders: www.oup.com). $225.00, 251 pp., b/w and color photos, 842" x 11".

Table of Contents: Introduction to palm structure (Part 1), Systematic anatomy of palms (Part 2), bibliography,

Tu t H “e Trn t LA t

a J

From the publisher: The first section (Palm Structure) starts with a description of the often original ana-

tomica tia aad need, followed by the pes of palm development, a series of chapters on the micro-

p g yan anenalyats oa how th

J 1 (S f tir Å f Na . 1 : : f

2 |

have evolved. The

mae i

tribes, and subtribes. The internal structure of all is reviewed, although lamina anatomy is

emphasized. Anatomically outstanding genera are described in a detail Art and science ar thus informatively

combined.

With the incredibl

l variation found in palms, the color photos throughout the book are sim-

ply stunning and beautiful to look at.

CARLOS G. VELAZCO MACÍAS AND GALFIRO J. ALANÍS FLORES. 2010. Coctacene de Nuevo Leon. (ISBN 978-607-

433-302-2, pbk.). Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Bibli itaria Raul Rangel Frias, Alfonso

Reyes 4000 norte, Quinto Piso, Monterrey, Nuevo León, MEXICO, C.P. 64440. (Orders: rciencia@mail.

uanl.mx, rciencia@gmail.com). $Price not given, 155 pp., color throughout, 9" x 9".

Table of Contents: Introduction, Anatomy and physiology, Foen: History and "ers use, Cose

iQué conocemos de Nuevo León?, Como utilizar esta guia, à

León,, Listado de especies de cactáceae en Nuevo León, Glossary, Shp aries: Description il genera and spe-

cies.

+A Jo ki. Vds t de PRA sie y a, es

JORGE G. VILLARRERAL GONZALEZ. 2010. Vida Silvestre de la Cuenca “Palo Blanco,” Nuevo León, México.

(ISBN not given, pbk.). Consejo Estatal de Flora y Fauna Silvestre de Nuevo Leon, A.C.; Parques y Vida

Silvestre de Nuevo Leon, O.P.D.; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, MEXICO, C.P. 64440. (Orders:

www.ceflorayfaunasilvestrenl.org.mx, ceffsnl@prodigy.net.mx). $Price not given, 266 pp., color through-

out, 10%" x 8%",

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 854. 2011

AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF

WASHINGTON COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI

Charles T. Bryson Daniel A. Skojac, Jr.!

USDA, ARS USDA, FS, Southern Region

Crop Production Systems Research Unit Chattahoochee N.

Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, U.S.A. 3941 Highway 76

Chatsworth, Georgia 30705, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Field explorations have yielded 271 species new to Washington County, Mississippi and Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. and Ruellia

nudiflora (Engelm. & .A. Gray) Urban new to the state. A 1 list of 809 taxa for Washington County is provided and excludes 59

H h 2 1 f, s Az as A om | j 1 OQ XA. Laz A : f1 e 1 } A.

dfi Washi g County.

RESUMEN

dad Iada 971 p : I Wach; g ounty, Mi A ippi 1 SNO is yee

Pe) DC. pen mudiflora (Engin & p ee 1 p 1 do. S p li da de 809 ra Washington

y 1 das d dados ady incluid la flora de 1980 de OEEO County y alre-

iois. I | } d do aú I Washi g County.

INTRODUCTION

The flora of Mississippi, especially the Yazoo- "— — tae een is i poorly oo vicem &

Carter 1994: Skojac et al. 2007) compared to other phy

Lowes Plants of Mississippi (1921) still remains the only neiii ata i commuslensied flo of the state: Several

county floras have been compiled, mostly by graduate students at various universities; however, comprehen-

sive floras are lacking for more than 80% of Mississippi's 82 counties. Gunn et al. (1980) prepared a Flora of

Washington County and Environs. This work has been the standard for plant identification by researchers,

consultants, educators, farmers, and the general public for the past quarter ea vibes et tal (1980) ned

669 taxa for Washington County and environs; however, 131 species

Bolivar, Humphreys, Issaquena, Sharkey, and Sunflower. B li f Gunn et al - (1980) were depleted

almost a decade ago and colto — a datos additional species to the county, our objective is to

provide an updated list of th d Washington County, Mississippi.

Washington County is ih the Misdan alluvial plain of the physiographic or land use area

known as the Delta Region (Lowe 1921). The county is bordered by the Mississippi River on the west and lies

about half way between Memphis, TN and Vicksburg, MS (Lowe 1921; Skojac et al. 2007). The county is about

20,000 ha and the _ vq "T 27.5 to ke m above sea level. Thus, the topography of the region is

relatively flat fcreeks, streams, oxbow lakes, and the Mississippi

River. Little of de konny remains undisturbed. Most of the land was cleared for row crop production, espe-

cially the well-drained areas, and mud areas — — — — since ous arn 19th ~

Soils of Washington County drained fine

clays to well drained silt loams and da (Morris 1961). The five main ye abtociMdions found in i Weshington

County are nearly level and range from poorly, moderately, and excessively drained. These soil associations

Occur in areas that are classified as alluvial, slack-water, low terraces, old natural levees and recent natural le-

A . e

vees. Over one third of the soils in th y are highly p y loams (e.g., Dundee & Bosket soils)

EN SV S s o 0x

"Formerly at USDA e acea MM RUNE

BD w—— |.

HBot Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 855 — 866. 2011

856 1 We P^ WEN CTS »-p oi hi m £T, ris

1f lucti Recently, th i i

, + P

y utilized forri

and have been historically u

| e 3x :3 1 H

cotton, and soybean, , farm raised

catfish ponds, or scattered remnant jon The native nod deciduous bolteitibd forest is a product of

edaphic rather than climatic conditions (Gunn 1980).

The climate of Washington County is considered xd

in January to 24?C in July. TI d

During short cold periods in the winter, temperatures are rarely bie 10°C. The average growing season is

about 200 days with an average killing frost on November 2 and the last hard freeze usually occurs in early to

mid March.

Vouchers for the additions to the Washington County mem are pe deposited ir in beber at the USDA-ARS

Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center (SWSL) and the USD. h Laboratory

(CBHRL) both at Stoneville, MS as indicated in Table 1. are of many of these collections were distrib-

uted to other herbaria within Mississippi (DSC, IBE, MISS, MISSA, MMNS, or USMS) and elsewhere depend-

ing on the number of duplicates. Collector, sapere number, rs RP ora ‘a publikation that reported

additional species to Washington County «

isl 1 P Qoo

me p : n 2907

O r

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

As a result of field kd

g the past three decades, 271 species have been added to the flora of Washington

County, Mississippi. Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. and Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urban,

both new to the state, are reported in the annotated flora of Washington County (Table 1). Since Gunn et al.

(1980), 72 species listed from adjacent counties were collected within the county; 59 species have not been

detected yet in Washington County and are listed in Table 2. A few species were misidentified (e.g., the vouch-

er for Sida elliottii Torr. & A. Gray was an abberant specimen of S. rhombifolia L.), and thus not included in the

annotated list for Washington arr (Table 1) but retained in those apena mN to be cuñecies e "

county (Table 2). N ] G t al. (1980) I

Flora of North America, e.g., Eros ramosa (L.) R. D. gina for Brachiaria ramosa (L) Stapf. a -

were redetermined or aligned witl ly accepted p p g

such as Carex aureolensis Steud. rather thanC. rank Kunth, defined itha distributi I north

of the Delta Region. Alignment of families not yet treated yet in Flora of North America follow Missouri

Botanical Garden's Tropicos (Tropicos 2011). Author abbreviations follow The International Plant Names

Index (IPNI 2011). With these additions and realignments as mentioned above, 809 taxa are now known

within the bounds of Washington County.

Of the 117 Family cited as occuring in Washington County and environs by Gunn et al. (1980), one fam-

ily, one family, Asclepiadaceae, was lumped into Apocynaceae (Table 1), and Melastomataceae, was excluded

Hines no specie vitet the family were found within n» vieron of Washington pee (Table 2). Eleven

Washington E; tvand include Annonaceae Dioscoreaceae,

Cannabaceae, Fumariaceae, Holen iio. E curia: Sterculiaceae,

and Thelypteridaceae (Table 1). rte was included in Gunn et al. (based on a collection of Corydalis

flavula (Raf.) DC. from an adj ty and was included based on a recent collection. Other family names

provided by Gunn et al. (1980) were changi to conform to new classification schemes, e.g., Dryopteridaceae

for Asplidiaceae; Amaryllidaceae folded into Liliaceae; and Smilaceae segregated from Liliaceae. Ultimately,

122 plant families are listed for Washington County (Table 1).

Additional field research should add native taxa to this list. Also, species not native to the Delta Region

will undoubtedly be added because of human activities and the vast areas under cultivation.

R d Skoiac. Fl f Wash Co., Mississippi 857

wJ t 9 Ld rr

Taur 1 11 Leh IT A L L g f. y pp 1 r + 1 /1aont E A A 1 I Sa. 1

Irall Mi h tg owe i n h 4 n

PTERIDOFITAS Bromeliaceae

Tillandsia da L.

Aspleniaceae

CAR . n (1 Y Rritton St Q, D, gg b. Cannaceae

Canna X generalis L. H. Bailey

Azollaceae

Azolla caroliniana Willd. Commelinacea

: Commelina communis L.

Dryopteridaceae Commelina diffusa Burm. f.

Asl . £i E 1; a ) Roth var L Hj v 3

7 At Commelina virginica L.

Onoclea sensibilis L.

Equisetaceae

Equisetum hyemale L.

Lygodiaceae

Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. (Bryson 16767, SWSL)

Marsileaceae

Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev.

Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. (Skojac 454, CBHRL)

(Carter et al. 1990) ,

Polypodiac:

Pleopeltis cipi (L.) Watt

Thelypteridaceae

Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton (Bryson 6945, SWSL)

GYMNOSPERMAS

Cupressaceae

eylandii (Dallim. & A.B. Jacks.) Dallim. (Bryson

774 & Gardiner SWSL)

inns virgini

Taxodium Nn (L. ) Rich.

Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgo biloba L.

Pinacea

Pinus cut Enge

nus EM caue (Bryson23767 & Gardiner, SWSL)

Pinus nigra Aiton Lo 11070, SWSL)

ine nt (Bryson 23768 & Gardiner, SWSL)

Pinus virginiana Mill. e 23775& ta SWSL)

LILIOPSIDA

E^ berteroi (Spreng. ) Fassett

Echinodorus cordifoli L.) Griesb

Sagittaria latifolia Willd. var. obtusa (Engel.) B. L. Rob. (Skojac 309,

CBHR

Sagittaria oo Cham. & Schldtl. var calycina (Engelm.)

Bogin (Gun j5

Sagittaria vila Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. montevidensis

Cor Pope (Engelm.) J.G. Smith (Bryson 14288 &

MacDonald, SWSL)

Araceae

Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott (Bryson 5720, Morris & Stewart,

Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott

Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers.

Murdannia ipea he : Brenan (Bryson 23762)

Tradescantia ohiens

Tradescantia virginiana in

Cyperaceae

Carex abscondita Mack. (Carter et al. 1990)

Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. (Carter et al. 1990, cited as C. phy-

sorhyncha Liebm. ex Steud.)

Carex annectens E.P. Bicknell

Carex oan da De

|. 1990)

Carex bulbostylis Mack. Bryson 11522, SWS D

Carex caroliniana Schwein. (Bryson 3471, SWSL)

Carex cherokeensis Schwein.

Carex corrugata Fernald ¿obsta aay SWSL)

arex crus-corvi Shuttlew. e

Carex decomposita pets Cane i al. 1990)

Carex festucaceae Sch

oni flaccaspenma Dewey (Bryson 3470, SWSL)

Carex hyalina Boott (Bryson etal. 1996)

Carex hyalinolepis Ste

Carex granu ularis en Gerson 4247, SWSL)

thii Dewey

Mack. posit 8373, SWSL)

uisianica L. H. Baile

pains ipulina tiu picas 22322, SWSL)

Carex molesta M czi 8: McDaniel 1992)

Carex oxylepis Tor & Hook (Bryson 3616, SWSL pul

A222 N

Carex socialis terius & Schwegman (Bryson 13432, cimi

Carex texensis ese E da ake (Bryson 4116, SWSL)

Carex triangularis

Carex tribuloides +r

Carex typhina Michx.

Carex vulpinoidea Michx.

19877, SWSL)

1992)

1002, SWSL)

858

Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hook. (Bryson 10430, SWSL)

Cyperus virens Michx. (Gunn 10637,

Eleocharis macrostachya Britton (Bryson 13435, SWSL)

Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth (Bryson 13430, SWSL)

Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes

Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Bryson 7203, SWSL)

Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Bryson 23583 Kwong & Sagliocco,

mristylis tomentosa Vahl oa 16603, SWSL)

sige

Fibs vahlii (Lam.

7373, SWSL)

pocarpha micrantha Vahl € et al. 1 1990)

ttb. (Bryson & Carter 1992)

am.) A. Gra

Scleria oligantha Michx. (Carter et al. 1990)

Dioscoreaceae

L. (Bryson 5709, Morris & SWSL)

Hydrochar

eei esa (Bosc) Steud.

lridac

Iris haka aca (Bryson 7362, SWSL)

Iris germanica L. (Bryson 5158, SWSL)

Iris virginica L.

Sisyrinchi ifolium Mill. (Saucier 37, SWSL)

tlanti Bick (Bryson 5470, SWSL)

c215 CBHRL)

23242, SWSL)

Mi (Skoj

E D Di-l

—

Juncus acuminatus yas a 1310, CBHRL)

pics diffusissimus Buc

Juncus dons Coville (Skojac 700, CBHRL)

Lemnaceae

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

Spirodela punctata (G. Mey.) Thomp.

Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.

Wolffia columbiana H. Karst.

Liliaceae

Allium ampeloprasum L.

Allium vineale L

Asparagus officinalis L. (Bryson 4532, SWSL)

Hy llis liri (Raf) Shi (El & Clark SWSL)

13983, SWSL)

Ii; :4 lie fi

eucojum aestivum L. wit 5144, SWSL)

muss tim (UHer.

Muscari botryoides iie que (Paul s.n., SWSL)

Narcissus eeta L. PTS 5130, SWSL)

"ed ssus peu — ryson 51327, SWSL)

WSL)

icce

Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (Elmore s.n., $5)

Najadaceae

Najas flexilis Rostk. & W. L. E. Schmidt

Orchidaceae

Spiranthes ovalis Lindl.

Spiranthes x: Gogh: & A. Gray (Bryson 11786, Allen & Thomas

Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.

D Lg £T. rio

AA) JA]

pions yo papa rig

Aira elegans Willd

Alopecurus minis Waher

A Dri c 9. D. n

An pogon virginicus L L

XI oligantha M

Arundinaria pinum oes m Muhl.

Arundo don

— Sarva

{Daddi) Kahl

Bothrichloa om t ) Y. — (Bryson pe 9, SSL

Bromus acemos us L

Bromus arvensis = Luce s.n., SWSL)

Bromus cathar

Bromus inermis ql Praed s.n., SWSL)

Bromus secalinus L.

mL. (Elmore s.n., SWSL)

rnald

Coelorachis evindrica t )N

nodon dactylon (L.) Pe

peces gerne E Stadlebacher s.n., SWSL)

(Elomore s.n SW

SL)

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gou 8 Clark subsp. lind-

heimeri (Nash) ca & Lelong pash 4820 an Morris,

SL)

Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gou

cap cime dichotomum (L.) Gould vui 5719, Morris &

HP eia laxiflorum (L.) Harvill (Bryson 13992 & MacDonald,

SWSL)

(Schult.) Mohlenbr. (Saucier 48, SWSL)

Digitaria ischaemum ee Muhl.

Digitaria rici (L.) wei

Echinochloa colon dors

non crus- pari L) e Beauv.

avon (Kunth) Schult. var. macra (Wiegand)

, Gould (Bryson, 22990, SWSL ri

E Mo». = lA (a

55232 SWSL)

Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller

Eleusine i be L.) Gaertn

us vi icus L.

eee pie (All.) Vignolo. ex Janch. (Bryson 4494 &

Hastings, SWSL)

Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton

Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin

Eragrostis mionor Host

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) N

Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. P. Beauv. ree SL)

Eragrostis secundiflora J. J. Presl. var. MB aS S. D. Koch

Eragrostis ESES (Pursh) Steud.

riochloa acumi ta U.J J. Presl.) Kunth

Hordeum pusillum Nu

Imperata cylindrica a P Beauv. (Bryson 23107, SWSL)

Leersia lenticularis M

Leersia oryzoides ( s

Leersia virginica Will "

Ti: feria dict Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steud.) N. Snow

N ACLhais- El PITT i E s f.

Mississippi

, FF

leit] n lu ID nnn

el subsp

Mu b ini rgia schreberi J. F. Gm

E hirtellus (L.) P. ind (kojac et al. 2007)

ryza sati

Pani cane Michx.

Panicum capillare L.

Panicum dichotomiflorum Mic

Panicum gymnocarpon € So 1153, CBHRL)

Panicum rigidulum Bosc e:

Paspalum dilatatum Poi

Paspalum distichum L.

(El L Mai CWSI)

D, j LA

ex E. Fourn. (I ydon s.n., SWSL)

Paspalum repens P. J. “Bergius

"£l; INA;

) Vasey

Pas spalum urvillei Steud. mor s.n. /SWSL)

Phalaris caroliniana Walte

Poa annua L.

Poa pratensis

Polypogon monspeliensis i e pet 15986, SWSL)

hedonorus pratensis (Hu eau

chult.

pm pem (L.) P. Beauv. var. minor (Gaudin) Peterm. (Bryson

, SWSL)

nm i color (L.) nei

Sorghum halepense

Sphenopholis nitida RM Scribn.

nopholis pea (Michx.) Scribn.

Tridens flavus itchc

Tridens strictus poise Nash (Bryson 23764, SWSL)

Tripsacu os oides (L.) L.

^ riticu hoes tiv

(Cerib IN AA 2 Fil

a platyphylla (Nash) R. D. Ms

a (L.) R. D.

rochloa ramos We

Urochloa texana (Buckley) R. ^ poem (Bryson 6906 & Morris,

Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel. var. myuros (Bryson 13438, SWSL)

E para (Walt.) Rydb.

Zea

Zi aad miliacea (Michx.) Dóll & Asch.

Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. (Bryson 8750, SWSL)

Pontederiaceae

Eichhor, in Ime (SI

el thera dubia MacMill.

Heteranthera limosa Willd.

Heteranthera reniformis Raiz & Pav. (MacDonald 9160 & Bryson,

|. 2007)

Pontederia cordata L. (Saucier 169, SWSL)

Smilac

Smilax bona-

intr glauca ae (Bryson 5699, Morris & Stewart, SWSL)

ila: x hi erbac

aX his, Sida Muhl. (Skojac 934, CBHRL)

e rotundifolia

Smilax tamnoides L. (Bryson 6135 & Morris, SWSL)

Typhaceae

Typha angustifolia L. (Skojac et al. 2007)

859

Typha latifolia L.

MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Acanthaceae

Justicia ovata (Walter) Lindau

4657, SWSL)

Ruellia carolinensis (Walter) Steud. (Bryson 13990 & MacDonald,

SWSL)

D IH; AE (Cc 1 RA oo ‘cE as iQ

Goodlett, SWSL)

Ruellia strepens L.

18784 Coleman

7 7

Aceraceae

2, SWSL)

Acer rubrum L. var. dirummondi (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg.

Acer saccharinu

Aizoaceae

Trianthema portulacastrum L.

Amaranthaceae

Alternanthera caracasana

presiona Poros da Griseb.

anthus albu

Amaranthus spinosus L.

Amarantnus viridia L

Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moquin

Anacardiaceae

Rhus glabra L

Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze

Annonaceae

Acimina triloba (1 Y I/R

4837, SWSL)

pace,

leri J. M. Coult. &R (B & El

Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav. dires et a 2007)

char rop: Peer! depen

1991)

Ve Die. 2,D Wil

LARA

Cynosciadium digitatum Dc.

rota L

Daucus carot

ryngium hoo eri Wall. a. et al. 1990)

rocotyle ranunculoides L. f.

Hydrocotyle umbellata L.

Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. oq S.N., ee

8732, SWSL)

Sanicula canaden

melee odorata ate ) K. M. Pryer & L. R. Phillippe (Skojac 769,

soa echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) A. Heller (MacDonald 8568,

SWSL)

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link

su odosa (L.) Gaertn.

Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC.

Apocynaceae

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter

pocynum u

Asclepias perennis Walte

Asclepias purpurascens y Pa et al. 1990)

Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pe

860

Matelea gonocarpos (Walter) Shinners

Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) A. Gray

Aquifolia

Ilex Pss Valer

Ilex opaca Aito

llex vomitoria Xm (Bryson 5463, SWSL)

Araliaceae

Aralia spinosa L.

Hedera helix L.

Aristolochiaceae

(A EQNN 2 M

SWSL)

ceae

Achilea m llefoli

mellia fusi am.) R. K. Jan

pitis osia "d p var. elatior an Descourt.

Ambrosia trifida L var. ti

Ala).

) G. L. Nesom(L. H Bailey s.n SWSL)

Matricaria discoidea

Melanthera nivea (L.) ak (Carter et al. 1990)

ikania scandens (L.) Willd

rrhopappus carols (Wa Iter

reci h : eliopsi ee Torr. & A. Pas peer 15538, SWSL)

Rudbeckia

Senecio gente h (Skojac et al. 2007)

Silphium radula Nutt. (Bryson 15934, SWSL)

Smallanthus uvedalius (L. Mack. ex Small (Bryson 4832 & Morris,

Solidago altissima L.

Solidago canadensis L. (Saucier 9, SWSL)

Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pa

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill

Sonchus PROA: E (Gunn Tue bns

Anthem is cotula L.

Artemisia annua aL. (Bryson 4588 & C SWSL)

su ibsp albula (Woot.) D. D. Keck

Baccharis halimifolia L.

Bidens aristosa pti ) Britton

Bidens bipi

ta decide on. & A. Gray) Britton

pee

S tonia asateroides (L.) UHér.

ia diffusa Elliott solas 8277, SWSL)

mie pilosa (Nutt.) Shinne

Cichorium intybus L. (Carter et a 1990)

Cirsi lini (Walter) Fernald & B. G. Schub. (Frick s.n., SWSL)

Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.

irsium horridulum Michx.

WO D

utt.) Raf.

Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass.

nene rata (L.) L.

ephantopus na ee h.

x DC (Wesley s.n SWSL)

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pe

Erigeron philadelphicu t

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.

Eupatorium capillifolium b ) Small

Fupa — serotinum M

AL. Avi

& H. Rob.

Gamochaeta purpureum (L. : Cabrera

Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock

ionem us annuus L

artens (s. coll., SWSL)

Helianthus hirsutus Raf. (Saucier 13, SWSL)

Helianthus tuberosus

H h p ) Shi (Bryson 7190, SWSL)

Iva annua L.

Krigia caespitosa (Raf. ) K. L. Chambers

Lactuca canadensis L.

Lactuca floridana " ) Gaertn.

Lactuca serriola L.

(B 7234, SWSL)

Symphotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom

Symphotrichum dumosum ıl- H5. L. Nesom

Ene G.l

AL In 15675

SWSL)

— E lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom (Gunn 10943 &

3, SWSL)

} z ; se (NAMES NG

Nesom

Symphotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G. E cs

iphotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G

2 laevigatum vnm JDE. al ae SWSL)

fficinal

rel.

i voci ei ae a ia SWSL)

Xanthiui

aes japonica "en DC. (Bryson 15676 8: MacDonald, SWSL)

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens capensis Meerb.

Berber

ona cim Thunb. (Skojac 776, CBHRL)

Betulac

Alnus pm (L.) Gaertn. (Lambert s.n., SWLS)

Betula nigra L. (Bryson 4525, SWSL)

Pgnoniacese

n n

£801 2 Morris, SWSL)

Compriss radicans €) Seem. ex x Bureau.

C42 9, M

ris, SWSL)

Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Wader ex Engelm.

raginace

Fackel vigor ay M. Johnst.

Heliotropium indicui

iaria perme ns Mill.

Myosotis macrosperma Engelm.

assicaceae

pe juncea (L.) pala

Brassica napus L. va

ps aie (L jw D.

psella ee ( L ) Medik.

po uta L (Bryson 5106, SWSL) Ü

Draba brachy oe Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (Bryson 13390, SWS

Lepidium austrinum Small (Bryson 8: Saas 19

Lepidium den storm Schrad. (Bryson 15423, SWSL)

Lepidium didymum

£Mlszhi f

Mississippi

, rr

Lepidium — ile (Bryson 11523, SWSL)

Lepidium virginicum

Af (n

8863, SWSL)

Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás

codd E ( dj T Hitchc.

Sibara ica (L.) Ro

Eo Dt pite

Sisymbrium altissimum L. Coleman s.n., SWSL)

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Sco

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche heterophylla Pursh (Bryson 17762, SWSL)

Callitriche terrestris Raf. (Bryson 5472, SWSL)

Campanulaceae

Lobelia cardinalis L. (Bryson 4862, SWSL)

5360, SWSL)

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl.

Cannabaceae

Cannabis sativa L. (s. coll.; confirmed DEA other law enforcement

agencies)

Capparaceae

Cleome hassleriana Chod.

Caprifoliaceae

PMP veu m,

kem mackii (Rupr) Herber carer kd * 1999)

WSL)

Sambucus nig ra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli

Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (Bryson 5713 Morris & Stewart)

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium dubium nes Guépin (Bryson 15723, SWSL)

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.

Sagina E Si Torr. & A.Gray

Saponaria officin

Silene antirrhina " pM 6, SWSL)

E pue (L.) Vill. (Bryson 5114, SWSL)

Celastr

E. EN. Thunb.

Ceratophyllaceae

p demersum L.

enopodiace ÉL

aon

E" o omi rosi

sioides

andleyanu axis bei 7149, SWSL)

a E videro )J. M. C

EJNE M ic Q, Ge,

Clusiaceae

Hypericum hypericoides (L.) C (B

SWSL

um mutilum L.

Hypericum punctatum Lam.

Calystegia sepium mi in (Elmore & Wiseman 129, SWSL)

Convolvulus arvensis

Cuscuta compacta J

Cuscuta cuspidata nin i

puta grono onovii Roem. & Sc hul

pondra si os = yo 5854, SWSL)

totrilob:

acq. v. ER edera

lpomoe

a hederacea (L.) Jacq. a Gray

Ipomoea lancun nosa L. (Bryson 21155, SWSL)

pandurata (L.) G. Mey.

Pomoea purpurea (L) Roth

861

Ipomoea eiim E magne 5100, SWSL)

Ipomoea turbinata

Ipomoea wrightii A. pat ray

ipo omoea x leucantha dec. iur s.n., SWSL)

esb. (Elmore s.n., SWSL)

Cornac

Cornus par T NE A. Mey.

Cornus florida L.

Cornus stricta Lam.

Cucurbita

Cayaponia, quinqueloba (Raf, ) hinnen

if icd,

(L.H Bailey)

esi (Bryson 10261, SWSL)

Cucumis melo

dd pepo L var. ovifera (L.) Hart

Cucurbita pepo L. var. texana (Scheele) D. Decker (Bryson 12500,

WSL)

Melothria pendula L.

Sicyos angulatus

naceae

Diospyros virginiana L.

Ericaceae

Vaccinium arboreum Marshall (Carter et al. 1990)

uphorbia

MU graci

sue ha a deni ex J. M. Coult.

Acalypha rhomboi idea Par

L.) St.-Hil. (Elmore 283, SWSI )

Copco palustris (L.) St.-Hil. (Skojac et al. 2007)

ham eh

hamaesyce mac

presi Ad nutans (Lag. ) smal erson 71 "s —

, SWSL)

Croton capitatus Michx.

pod glandulosa L. var. cin Müll.

8352, SWSL)

Croton siena C L webster

Euphorbia dentat

Euphorbia bin ra (Gatge 23, SWSL)

Phyllanthus u shanty L. (Bryson 8272, SWSL)

Ricinus commu:

Triadica ee "à A Small

Fabaceae

Albizia julibrissin Durazz.

Amorpha Msc sa *

Arachis hyp

Canavalia rte (L.) DC. (Bryson 7235, SWSL)

Cercis canaden

Chamaecrista scl (Michx.) Greene

Clitoria mariana L. (Gunn 11050, SWSL

Croratana speciabils Roth (Bryson 15560, ates

x B. L. Rob. & Fernald

De smodium canescens (L.) D

m (Sw. ) i

pa mid Tor & A. Gray) C. Mohr (Bryson 23759, SWSL)

Gleditsia aquatica Marsh.

Gleditsia meni S

862

is e max (L.) M

mmerowia eil mines ) Hook. & Arn.

Lai picis :

Lathyrus ins E

Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.

Mecicago opu ipa L.

(L.) Bartal. ( SWSL)

Medi cago polymor,

Melilotus oe is .) Lam

Peun sativum E (Stadelbacher > n., NOSE

& S. Almeila

Robinia pseudoacaci

Senna alata (L.) "éd en 7222, SWSL)

Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin €: Barneby

) Link

D se .) Roxb.

Sesbania drummondii acon (Carter et al. 1990)

irai harbacea (Mill.) McV.

Sesbania punicea (Gi Den. onis 173, SWSL)

esbania vesicaria (Jacq.) Elliott

peo ee ved (L.) Elliott

Trifolium

Trifolium ign

Trifolium ees "bis pali 10517, SWSL)

Trifolium incarn

csi nigrescens N (Bryson 5651, SWSL)

Trifolium pr eL.

Trifolium r se et

Trifolium resupinatum

paré vesiculosum a (Kurtz s.n., SWSL)

ia faba L. (B

L.) Ehrh.

Vicia villosa Roth ia varia (Host) Corb.

Vigna unguicalata (L.) Walp.

Wisteria fend (L.) Poir. (Skojac 571, CBHRL)

Fagaceae

Castanea mollissima Blume (Bryson 7356, SWSL)

eee Po Carruth. (Bryson 4700; SWSL)

Quercu

Quercus lr a O & Gardiner, SWSL)

cus hh.

Quercus lyrata Walter

uercus michauxii Nutt. (Bryson 5003, SWSL)

Quercus nigra L.

Quercus pagoda Raf. (Bryson 5005 & Newton)

Quercus ph od L. SM 4537; 4645)

Quen cus rubra

Quercus similis Ashe ficii 4996, sw SL)

Quercus texana Buckley (McDaniel 1981 SWSL) [=Quercus nuttallii

Palm

Quercus eh pe Lam. (Carter et al. 1990)

Quercus virginiana Mill.

Fumariaceae

eS flavula (Raf.) DC. (Bryson 23276, SWSL)

Gera

pma cicutarium (L.) U'Hér. (Laster s.n., SWSL)

A ET PE EEN sip bh licet iic | cl)

Geranium carolinianum L.

Geranium dissectum L.

Haloragac

pe se an L. (Skojac et al. 2007)

Hamamelidaceae

Liquidambar styraciflua L.

Hip astanaceae

Aesculus pavia | Daniel 24935 & H

yes, SWSL)

Hydrophyllace:

ciel uniflora Ra

k. & Arn. (Bryson 5646, SWSI )

c andac

Carya aquatica (Micha f ) Nutt.

v VW hh (CL £ 2007)

Carya g. labra (Mill.) Sweet (Bryson 8632, SWSL)

Carya ovalis Sarg. (Bryson 863 4 Sw)

Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch (Bryson 7357, SWSL)

ten igra L

Lam

pi sac HER (Bryson 5157, SWSL)

Glecho deis ea L. (Bryson 5213, SWSL)

Lamium amlexicaule L.

Lamiu reum

Lycopus rubellus nch

Lycopus ¡ei Lois 1018, CBHRL)

Melissa officinalis L. (Bryson 8121, SWSL)

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Toron 8367, SWSL)

Physostegia virginiana (L.) Be

Prunella vulgaris L. hg En CBHRL)

Stachys tenuifolia

Teucrium canaden

Lauraceae

lis IRA E ald

Lentibulariaceae

Utricularia gibba L.

Loranthaceae

Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) Engelm. ex A. Gray (Skojac 340,

CBHRL)

Lythraceae

Ammannia coccinea R

Cuphea jeta qued J. Macb. (Bryson 10550, SWSL)

Lagerstroemia indica

Lythrum alatum Pursti var. lanceolatum (Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray ex

Rothr.

gnoliaceae

Liriodendron sapi E.

E olia grandiflor

Magnolia diretti Michx. get ae & Gardiner, SWSL)

Magnolia virginiana L. (Bryson 13927, SWSL

Michelia figo (Lour.) te o 15784, SWSL)

Malva

Abe emos dee esculentus (L.) Moench

on the vino Gta dik

panes cristata (L.) Schltdl

s All.

Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav.

Hibiscus syriacus L

Bryson and Skojac, Flora of Washington Co., Mississippi

Hibiscus trionum

Ma ett Sag Dill ex Cav. var. drummondii (Torr. & A. Gray)

ery

Modio on oia (L.) G. Don

Sida p. bifo ES

Sida

Martyniaceae

Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell.

Meliaceae

Melia azedarach L.

Menispermaceae

Cocculus carolinus (L.

Menispermum conadense: L. (Skojac et al. 2007)

uginaceae

Mollugo verticillata L.

Moracea

omit papyrifera (L.) UHér. ex Vent

ail pe à (Thunb.) Nakai (Carter et al. 1990)

Ficus c

E oon (Raf.) C.K. Schneid.

Morus alba L.

Morus rubra L.

Myrtaceae

E, h ri

33300 A

SWSL)

Najadaceae

Naias flexilis Rostk & WI E Schmidt (B. 8, SWSL)

Na; dL je 1€ IM (Sct d S.n., SWSL)

Nyctaginaceae

Boerhavia erecta L.

Mirabilis jalapa L.

hali im SIFLE RLA Ai SWS] )

Nyssaceae

Nyssa aquatica L.

Ni h : AA

Oleaceae

pe pou pines ) Poir.

ryson Pa SWSL)

Fraxinu cosi Marshal

Fraxinus pr ofu ied diss sh) Bus yr

igustrum japonicum Thunb.

Ligustrum lucidum Hii iaa 723, CBHRL)

Ligustrum sinen

Onagraceae

Gaura mollis James

igia decurrens Walter

Ludwigia meee (Kunth) PH. Raven var. glabrescens (Kuntze)

PH.

ll repens R. Forst (Elmore 259, SWSL)

Oenothera bie

Oxalid

veg rcm yop

Oxalis rubra A, S

Oxalis stricta L. “aed 4841 & Morris, SWSL)

863

Passifloraceae

Passiflora incarnata L.

Passiflora lutea L

Penthor

Pen re ewe L.

Phytoloccaceae

Phyto. nica americana L.

Plantagin

tt.

Plantago lanceolata L. (Bryson 4476 & Hastings, SWSL)

Plantago rugelii Decne

Plantago

Plantanaceae

Platanus occidentalis L.

Polygonaceae

Brunnichia ovata (Walter) Shinners

Rumex bs c Alph. Wood

Rumex crisp.

Rumex oto E:

Rumex pu n

Rumex ek eae L. (Bryson 7360, SWSL)

Portulacaceae

landrinia ciliata (Ruiz & P. C. (Bryson 23315, SWSL)

Claytonia eile : (Bryson 5190, SWSL)

Portulaca olerace:

Primulaceae

c 7 I A21 71) fagi Ll... del

subsp. |

peor

Clematis crispa

cera terniflora DC. var. terniflora

Clematis x Jackmanii T. Moore (Bryson 8122, SWSL)

mus L.

u: us L.

Ran pleats muricatus L. (Skojac 1223, CBHRL)

Ranunculus parviflorus L (Bryson 14819, SWSL)

Ranunculus pusillus P.

Ranunculus M dis aoe

Ranunculus sardous Crantz

anunculus sceleratus L.

Rhamnaceae

Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch

ess dir Eggl. (Carter et al. 1990)

Crataegus v

Duchesnea Malos as Focke

Geum canadense Jacq

) K. R. Robertson & J. B. Phir (G

inca?

$ ,

SWSL)

is, SWSL)

Prunus caroliniana Men

ana S.V (Carter et al. 1990)

Prunus es (L.) Batsch

Pyrac antha ocena M. Roem

2327710 9. Cardi CMJGI Y

Pyra us commun

Rosa pana deben

Rubus argutus Lin

Rubus trivialis Michx.

biaceae

Cephalanthus occidentalis L.

Diodia teres Walt

Diodia virginiana E

Galium aparine L.

Gali ium REO Michx

CLI2 2 MA

SL)

Galium tinctorum 0 Scop (Skojac 197; 1100, ni

alium triflorum M

Il (Bryson 5346, SWSL)

Richardia scabra

Sherardia arvensis i nea 14817, SWSL)

Spermacoce glabra M

Rutaceae

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L.

Salicaceae

Populus alba

Populus asi: Bartram ex Mar:

sh.

Salix discolor Muhl. (Bryson 4529, SWSL)

Salix fragilis L. (Bryson 4530, SWSL)

Salix interior e wlee

Salix nigra

Salixx pande Simonk: (Bryson 23771 & Gardiner, SWSL)

Sapindaceae

Cardiospermum halicababum L.

Sapotacea

Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. (Bryson 4834, SWSL)

Sideroxylon lycioid

Saururaceae

Saururus cernuus L.

Scrophulari

virgin

leucosporg multis besitos ) Nutt.

SE IRAs HL 1

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. ar. dubia

Mazus pumilus (Burman f.) St

Mimulus alatus Aiton

Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D. A . Sutton

Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zacc. ex Steud. (Skojac

139, parc

Penstemon laevigatus

Penstemon tenuis pas Mon 5649, SWSL)

Tone marilandi

Verbascu

Veronica rere L (Bryson 5211, SWSL)

Veronica perigrina L

Veronica 6d Poir. (Bryson 13439, SWSL)

i LafehnD eh kl et ees £T. PISA

Simaroubaceae

A; L les 2 010C SWSIL)

Solanaceae

osi annuum L. (Bryson 15652, SWSL)

Dat déc ui L. var. tatula (L.) Torr.

nn 2

Physalis ess oat lla Nee

Physalis Padi Lon. (Bryson 17285, SWSL)

"m salis pubes cen

"us RES (M L bie? ick

Solanum americanum Mill.

Solanum ca

Solanum di vias ra dn 15820, SWSL)

Solanum elaegnifolium

Solanum mr muna

Solanum rostra nal

Solanum E cse ia Lam. (Bryson 15457, SWSL)

phenocleaceae

Sphenoclea zeylandica Gaertn.

Sterculiaceae

Firmi | if 8350, SWSL)

r 3 bete? d

Styracaceae

Styrax americana Lam.

liaceae

Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Louden

Ulm

es locate Willd.

Pl aqui uatica J. F. Gmel.

Ulmus alata

mus america L

Ulmus pier Nutt.

Urticaceae

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.

Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. (Saucier 14, SWSL)

Parietaria pensylvanica Willd. (Skojac 1106, SWSL)

esum .) A. Gray aues SWSL)

Urtica chamaerdryoides

Urtic opsie L. subsp. sev (Aiton) Steud.

Valerianaceae

Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.

eae

Callicarpa americana L. olei et al. 1990)

Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Gre

n Yr ie JONA QR

Verbena bonariensis L. (Bryson 23776, SWSL)

Verbena bracte odr.

n, SWSL)

Verbena xutha Lehm

Vitex agnus-castus L. (bous Bailey s.n., SWSL)

Violaceae

Viola arvensis Murray (Bryson 8120, SWSL)

pir bicolor n res 5132, SWSL)

missourie

Vitace

et arborea (L.) Koehne

Ampelopsis cordata Michx.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

Vitis aestivalis Michx.

D A Chai El £Ms-hi f

Mississippi

y me

865

rada hera rad ex Mill. (Bryson 4830, SWSL) Zygophyllaceae

Vitis palm ah Tribulus terrestris L.

Vitis tala Michx.

TABLE 2. Species ci din G t al. (1980) fi Ji Delta R h I d j with | gton County pp

PTERIDOFITAS Ericaceae

Monotropa uniflora L.

Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium dissectum Spreng. Euphorbiaceae

Acalypha gracilens A. Gra

LILIOPSIDA Euphorbia marginata Pursh

Phyllanthus carolinensis Walter

Commelinaceae

Commelina erecta L. baceae

Apios americana Medik.

Cyperac

aceae

Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood

uncaceae

Juncus dichotomus Elliott

us nodatus Coville

aceae

na perpusilla Torr.

Wolffiella gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm.

^t e

Listera aus dl.

Tipularia E (Pursh) Nutt.

Poac

^ gigantea Rot

Coelarachis nm m ) Nees

Eragrostis eats aris (L.) N

Eriochloa contracta eke

Seca baldwinii Spreng.

Saccharum giganteum (Walter) P. Beauv.

tall hians (Elliott) Nash

MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Apiaceae

Cicuta maculata L

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L) DC.

Eryngium prostratum DC

Asteraceae

Ee sam (L.) King & H. Rob. var. altissima

Carduu

is pulc cu ida

En us Tort & m Giay

(L) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt

cacas

Coa L. subsp. arenicola (Britton) Schulz

Erysimum repa

inan om cha ies T. Aiton

Rorippa sylvestris (L) "uh

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium viscosum E

Hypericum walteri (J. G. Gmel.) Gleason

Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.

esmodium perplexum G. B. Schub.

Galactia ie a. de Britton

Vicia grandiflor

Vicia ete ae

Hy hyllaceae

Nemophila aphylla (L.) Brummitt

Lamiace e

arda citriodora = ex Lag.

sien penes

Lauraceae

Lindera melissifolia (Walter) Blume

Lythraceae

Ammannia auriculata Willd.

Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne

Malvaceae

Sida elliottii Torr. & A. Gray

Melostomataceae

Rhexia mariana L.

Ongraceae

Gaura longiflora Spach

Polygon

Fs pee

Rume. seu seal cn

Primulaceae

Lysimachia radicans Hook.

Ranunculac

Ranunculus daa Raf.

Scrophularia

Agalinis el (Vahl) Raf.

Nuttallanthus texanus oap A. Sutton

Scrophularia marilandica

Verbenaceae

Verbena halei Small

Violaceae

Viola affinis Leconte

Viola cucullata Aiton

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Richard Carter, Brad Coleman, Dennis Elmore, Emile S. Gardiner, J. Paige Goodlett, John Gwaltney,

Lavon Lambert, Lynn Libous- MEN SOME McDaniel, John MacDonald, M. bg Morris, Les Saucier,

Hester Sullivan, sims eq Wi p with field work; farmers, agricult Itants, and personnel

1 1 £f. 1 f ly i +1

LOLL P PE y Vt Us to ape wecu P past

two decades. We would also like to thank t y i for their helpf (EAT

REFERENCES

BRYSON, C.T. AND C.D. ELMORE. 1991. Two weedy species, Ammoselinum butleri (Umbilliferae) and Lepidium austrinum

(Cruciferae), new to Mississippi. Sida 14:506-508.

BRYSON, C.T. AND R. CARTER. 1992. Notes on Cyperus and Kyllinga (Cyperaceae) in Mississippi with records of six species

new to the state. Sida 15:119-124.

BRYSON, C.T. AND R. CARTER. 2010. Spread, growth, and reproductive potential for brown flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus).

Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. 3:240-245

Bryson, C.T., R.F.C. NACZI, AND S. MCDANIEL. 1992. Not hy records of Carex (C ) from th theast

ern United States. Sida 15:125-135.

BRYSON C.T., J.R. MACDONALD, R. CARTER, AND S.D. JONES. 1996. Noteworthy Carex, Cyperus, Eleocharis, Kyllinga, and

Oxycaryum (Cyperaceae) from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and

Texas. Sida 17:501-518

CARTER, R., M.W. MORRIS, AND C.T. BRYSON. 1990. Some rare or otherwise interesting plants from the Delta Region of

Mississippi. Castanea 55:40-55

GUNN, C. R., T.M. PULLEN, E.A. STADLEBACHER, J.M. CHANDLER, AND J. BARNES. 1980. Vascular flora of Washington County,

Mississippi, and environs. Agric. Research (Southern Region), Sci. and Education Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., New

iens) A. dida Nm

IPNI. 2011 | | | i J http II ir : g/ir i/ 1 L pag AAA A (CY-t har

18, 2011.

LOWE, E.N. 1921. Plants of Mississippi: A list of fl i if Missi Geol. Surv. Bull. 17. 294 pp.

Morris, W.M. 1961. Soil survey, Washington County Mississippi. u.s. SU eC Bu: Ser. 1958. No. 3, 52

SKOJAC JR., D.A., C.T. BRYSON, AND C.H. WALKER. 2007. Noteworthy collections from the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta Región of

Mississippi. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Sissi "E

TROPICOS. 2011. Tropicos.org. M | Garden. A d: October 18, 2011.

PISTACIA CHINENSIS (ANACARDIACEAE) NATURALIZED

IN NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.

Alexander Krings

enn Department of bois icd

orth Carolina State Uni

Um. North Carolina pes e U.S.A.

Alexander. Kringsncsu.edu

ABSTRACT

Vege MES IP EX zt TI sr AE A ap di TW : 1 di 4 J +1 : Ray E AE Y

o t ©

RESUMEN

c D; : L; : J; A rm i Jab Kt € i: 1 As hoes Feri Jol ie RI

1 1 hl 1 ; “1 s

pallinum

£ , J

Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a deciduous, dioecious tree species native to Asia (China,

Philippines, Taiwan; Min & Barfod 2008). The species has been reported to be spreading from cultivation and

slowly naturalizing in a number of states including Alabama, California, Georgia, and Texas (McWilliams

1991; Texas Non-Native Plants Group 2010; USDA 2011), and now North Carolina. Individuals of the species

have been vetosi piamen! in ey pese and pr vend in Raleigh, dedu Carolina, since at least 1947 (Fox

s.n., NCSC). ! it crops which are dispersed by birds (McWilliams &

CAM 1998; Smith et al. 2008; ‘rings, pers. os. [Cedar Wariner, in the cities of Raleigh and Cary, seed-

lings and young trees now appear sporadically in ins, and untended beds—simi-

lar ios to uis aioe: by Ailanthus altissima (Mill) e (Simaroubaceae). Continued promotion as

an g prog th CRY B. Raleigh's NeighborWoods, will likely accelerate the spread

of P. chinensis, hasi d availability has in Texas and Australia (McWilliams 1991; Smith et al. 2008).

In the Carolinas, Pistacia chinensis is likely to be most confused at a glance with Rhus copallinum L.

(Anacardiaceae). When mature, the two can be distinguished vegetatively by (1) the rachis (winged only be-

tween the distal 1-2 pairs of leaflets, if at all, in P. chinensis vs. distinctly waga belween all pois of leaflets in

R. copallinum) and (2) the number of leaflets (f ly both i

same individual in P. chinensis vs. decens fivurighly o De inR. il: Fig. la, b, c, ò. In addi-

tion, the rachis pubescence in P. chinensis tends to be limited to the adaxial ridge or at least be more pro-

nounced adaxially, whereas in R. copallinum it is ubiquitous.

As young seedlings, P. chinensis and R. copallinum are exceedingly similar and easy to confuse. Both spe-

cies exhibit a typical anacardiaceous odor and seedlings of both tend to exhibit imparipinnate leaves that are

unwinged or only slightly cdi Pig i6 » Peete e. are iiis rare in young seedlings of P.

en. e two wee may tth ge (as well as later in maturity) by the buds.

well ee eloped in P chinensis, but PE inR copallinum (Fig. 1d, g). In P. chinensis, the

axillary buds exhibit outer scales that d glabrous or pubescent in lines, and inner scales that are

aristate or acute and usually glabrous (Fig. 1e). Scale margins, particularly in mature individuals may be

densely short-ciliate. Axillary buds in R. copallinum, in contrast, are naked, rounded, and densely pubescent

throughout (Fig. 1h). As they mature, individuals of R. copallinum will develop more and more pronounced

rachis wings, although the pude: bis remain orem) imparipinnate. Pistacia chinensis individuals, in con-

trast, will not develop g h pair of leaflets, but will bear numerous paripin-

nate leaves to the point that paripi l y dominate on any one individual when mature.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 867 — 869. 2011

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Fic. 1. Morphology of Pistacia chinensis (a-f) and Rhus copallinum (g-i): a, paripinnate leaf of mature tree; b, imparipinnate leaf of mature tree; €

imparipinnate leaf of seedling; d, terminal bud, note aristate tips of inner scales; e, axillary bud, note acuminate tips; f, drupe; g, twig terminus, note

absence of terminal bud; h, axillary bud (naked and pubescent); i, leaf of seedling, note rachis wing developed only between terminal two leaflet

pairs. (Photos: A. Krings; a, b, d, e: Green Park and vicinity, Raleigh; c, f: North Cary Park, Cary; g-i: Edge of Pinus taeda stand, Schenck Forest, Raleigh)

Krings, Pistacia chinensis in North Carolina 869

Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 15. 1833.

Voucher specimens: NORTH CAROLINA. Wake e: arde Lagi ee "e rens in —— bed, i en N, litt 173'W, 29 Aug

2011, Krings 2459 (NCSC); Raleigh, sp Broussonetia

papyrifera, Carva illinoensis. Hedera helix d Loni j 1 i 3547.284N, 78°38 306'W. 29 ee 2011, Krings 2463 (NCSC).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Tel ERS Coe : f. Ec d ior ; EH DOUS

1 ) UACH UIOUSHU U revlew OL L

REFERENCES

MCWILLIAMS, E. 1991. The imp li lizati f Pi ia cl is (A li st Texas. Sida 14:508-509.

MCWILLIAMS, E. AND M.A. ARNOLD. 1998. Horticultural history repeating conn Dispersal d invasion lag phase of ex-

otic plants on the TAMU Campus. Proceedings of the 10th Metropolitan Tree Improvement Conference, St. Louis,

Missouri

Min, T. AND A. BARFOD. 2008. Anacardiaceae. In: Z.Y. Wu, PH. Raven, and D.Y. Hong, eds. Flora of China, Vol. 11. Science

Press & Missouri Botanical Garden. Pp. 335-357.

SMITH, J.M.B., S. BORGIS, AND V. SEIFERT. 2008. Studies in Hn ecology: the first wave of biological invasion by Pistacia

chinensis in Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. A gr. Stud. 38:263-274.

Tous ‘adie NATIVE PLANTS eee. «918. Texas non-native plants: overview of occurrence and i i assessments

d 3 February 2011; accessed 29 Aug 20

USDA, NRCS. 2011. The PLANTS Datitiase. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC a USA. [http://plants.

usda.gov, accessed 29 Aug 2011]

870 1 Fr sx Datanisal D & Loss!

CMS N £T, cm

Ie Ad» J12]

BOOK NOTICE

NEAL K. VAN ALFEN, GEORGE BRUENING, AND JAN E. LEACH (EDs). 2011. Annual Review of Phytopathology,

Volume 49. (ISSN 0066-4286; ISBN 978-0-8243-1349-4, hbk.). Annual Reviews, Inc., 4139 El Camino

Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, California 94303-0139, U.S.A. (Orders: www.AnnualReviews.org,

science@annualreviews.org, 800-523-8635, 650-493-4400). $86.00 indiv., 576 pp., 7%" x 9%".

Contents of Volume 49:

1. Notas They Seem—George Bruening

2. Norman Pere TM ManI Tue T ane Knew—Sanjaya Rajaram

Dixon

¡A T

hris Lamp. A

4.AC l F kforM ing Di Supp ive S Linda L. Kinkel, Matthew G. Bakker, and Daniel C. Schlatter

Plant Development—Elisabeth Stes, Olivier M. Vandeputte,

5. A Successful Beco Coup d'État: How R

eye — A es Ein camis MEDINA Vereecke

I David | Studholme, Rachel H. Gl 1 Neil B. }

ce o r 1 i24 rd Ls Os J

7 A gill fl e ¡A L INT D rA

8 Ra as C f Plant-Parasitic N d cogi Gl Davies mee Rosane H.C. Curtis

9 TY Iip A 1. : raj E

g p R.M.C. Jansen, J. Wildt, I.F. Kappers, HJ. Bouwmeester,

J.W. Hofstee, and E.J. van Hen

10. Diverse Targets of undi Effectors: From Plant Development to Defense S Insects—Akiko Sugio, Allyson M. MacLean,

Heather N. nds e scie R. Maren, and Saskia A. Hogenbou

11. Diversity o

Aogens S. Hovmoller, e K. Sorensen, Stephanie Walter, and Annemarie F.

Justesen

12. Emerging Vir i Transmitted by Whiteflies—Jesús Navas-Castillo, Elvira Fiallo-Olivé, and Sonia Sánchez-Campos

13 Evoluti 1 Poy y : fr : ES gi gP 1 g NI rad d Apr h Niklaus J. T 1d and Frica

. Goss

14. Evolution of Plant Pathog is in Pseud ingae: A Persp Heath E. O’Brien, Shalabh Thakur, and David S.

Guttman

15. Hidden Fungi E E Microbi a Porras-Alfc 1 Paul B

16. Hormone Crosstalk} in Plant Disease anil Deuce More Than Just JASMONATE- SALICYLATE Antagonism—Alexandre Robert-

Seilaniantz, mid Grant, pe Pena D. 6 Jon

17. Plant-Parasite C ] Ecology m K.M. Brown and Aurélien Tellier

]8.R yg io ies in Phytopatl ic Fungi zat li g, Development and Disease eR He ~ det Tudzynski

10 Revisi as E salu E V Vincent G. M. Bus Erik

H.A. aside. Me ated a “yaapa Pure, "o Kim M. Plummer

20. RNA-RNA

Joanna toL Dd Lo A 17,1 ss d ede sa arte: | ico and

Jozef J. esla

1. The Clavibacter } i } p i Mol Iu = : fa Gol NEU ; 4 y Dail Rudolf Ei k taub and

hi 5 J

Karl-Heinz Gartemann

22 - T. OD

ust Fungus is a Threat to World Wheat Population—Ravi P. Singh, David P. Hodson, Julio

Huerta- “Espino, Yuen ae El helien SUN obit — Parwan K. Singh, Sukhwinder Singh, and Velu Govinda

2X The Patho

dan

d Day, Jessica L. Henty, Katie J. Porter, and Christopher

J. -—

24. U A Ez Beh 1 Di: whe D i i 1

Age of Effectors—Vivianne G.A.A. Vleeshouwers, Sylvain Raffaele, Jack H.

Vossen, Nicolas Gianpi, - Ricardo Oliva, Maria E. Segretin, Hendrik Rietman, Liliana M. Cano, Anoma Lokossou, Geert Kessel, Mathieu

A. Pel, and Sophien Kamoun

25 Weiss Relations tn tel RI ur Teu

26. What Can Plant A | Do f 1 I R

g i Gwyn > aee

p PH S.P. Dinesh-Kumar

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 870. 2011

CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF

INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

Cynthia M. Morton Loree Speedy

ction of Botany Section of Botany

Carnegie Museum — P Leid Carnegie Museum afi raed History

00 For 4400 Forbes

Pittsburgh, eae B U.S.A. Pittsburgh, RM. iuh U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

D, 1 Deb: p f, Mt i lc: 1222 h 1 Li ct ^ 1 f1 1 : Tot

Indiana County,

1 Fh 4 1 J 1 74/5 15 | BC 1 is le f A f £ J 1; J 1

compiled. A 1004

ing 463 genera and 125 families. The five families EN um ee — E taxa are Asteraceae, Poaceae, opone Rosaceae, ^

Lamiaceae. Carex, Viola, Solidago, Symphyotrichum There are approximately 193 non-native spe-

cies that have ins OSOS mainly from Faropt and asa This checklist recognizes 51 species of Pteridophytes, 8 species of

E e E

RESUMEN

Indiana County, Pennsylvania ha sido fi l da hotáni das 1883, p Y WPS pil 1 p

Á Anata fi 1 12.1 "a TI B or 1 1 1 i g J } 2: 2 } A Pe | 1 J 3s

o Li Ly J r

As 1NNA 3 1 n Nu 1 Ji AK2 sar, ju 1 : £r BH ^ 1 VIS

ors 4

umm Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, En, sean Vila, Solidago ii P l gé grandes. Hay

ky ia f

r Tr t Ly 4 eo Ly

Q : dar: ana : 3 : On: . A 1 Kk a IP | 4 zt

r r Ly Les Ly Oe: r o

INTRODUCTION

1 1-13

Even though Pennsylvania lacks for most of its counties, the vascular flora known thus far is quite

diverse. Rhoads and Klein (1993) reported 3318 taxa of vascular plants for the state, including 2076 native and

1242 introduced. Approximately 26 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties have floras completed, but some are unpub-

lished theses and surveys and therefore unavailable to the public. The exact number of genera and species in

the flora of Indiana County was not previously known because a checklist had never been compiled. Such

1 Lab pues 1; iE : w MAPS 1 d ic 1 l-ha A id

vation decisions.

Site Description

Indiana County, Pennsylvania, is located in the western-central part of the state (Fig. 1). It is bordered by

Jefferson County to the north, Clearfield County to the northeast, Cambria County to the southeast,

Westmoreland County to the south, and Armstrong County to the west. The county contains approximately

321 sq. mi

Indiana County i tot

fall is 57 inches annually.

The average date of the last frost in the spring is ey around May 15th and the first frost of the season

is approximately October 5th. The length of th g , from the last killing frost i pring to the first

killing frost in autumn, is between 121-180 hoc

The soils of the county consist of eight main series: Gilpin-Weikert-Ernest association, Gilpin-Wharton-

Cavode association, Gilpin-Clymer-Wharton association, Gilpin-Wharton-Upshur association, Gilpin-

Westmoreland-Guernsey association, d ONSE CORR association, Dekalb-Clymer-Ernest associa-

and!

env-Pone-Ph

J A A

j| 1 o . f 2 1

y 46 inches. Average seasonal snow-

i ENS ey

1. Bot. Res, Inst. Texas 5(2): 871 — 888. 2011

872

Indiana County GA

: Mahoning North

Pennsylvania Township Mahoning

Smicksburg) Township Canoe

Township Banks

Township

Campbe

BY cope

yes

ahonin

Township Toup

| Marion Center

South

Mahoning

Township

Crdum vilte

Montgomery

Township

a ya

KAY

Cherry_T

Rayne

Washington

Township

Green

I Township

y Creeksidé., Ernest t D

já Sy ¿Clymer ye

/ SShelocta

White Township /

Armstrong Cherryhill Ps

Township Indiana Township /

Ser

; Pine |

A E Township

/ \

x Young

A Township

: Townshi

a ow Pa

ct ES

ity

ff is

Conemaugh ^ Black Lick

Pi Township Township oN

Saltsburg

m" i o

i SUE

\ CJ isa ^" Buren

Township

des

Center

Brush

Valley. |

Township

Buffington

Township

pags

—East

Wheatfield

Township

^ nili n.

West

Wheatfieid

0 5 lairsville Township

Miles

10 a

Kilometers a

Fic. 1 e n p fait. f. . 1 n. yl SY g p £ j he A L A: px nty.

Rolling hills with narrow to broad, rolling ridgetops charact the Gilpin-Weikert-Ernest association.

Sandstone-capped ridgetops, ts of lateau, are in the north-central part. The narrow stream-cut

n ; Il st Thi iati inlv in tl tern p t of the county but

These soils range

: y well-drained. Much

4 4

extends to the central and north-central parts and makes up about 32 percent of the county.

s a 1 a 1

1 A i P

E'UVIIy UlALLICU U

from shallow t ly deep to deep

S: 4

of the association is idle and has been taken over by brush and weeds. Farmsteads, residential housing and

highways are on the gently sloping hills.

Gilpin-Wharton-Cavode association is characterized by broad, sloping hilltops and narrow valleys

carved out by streams that form a branching pattern. This area is mainly in the northern and central parts of

1 h deep and is

the county and covers about 19 percent of the county. The soil ranges from sł to mode

1 Ed RIS 1£ ¿a thre Strip min-

Es | * |

poorly to well-drained. The g

ing is common in this association.

Rolling hills with gently sloping, plateau-like hilltops characterize the Gilpin-Clymer-Wharton associa-

"T ees 4c dy, Y 1 1 + £in f

ty, Pennsylvania 873

tion. Streams with narrow floodplains form a branching pattern flowing into the Conemaugh River. This as-

sociation covers diga " vn of the county and is confined to the southeastern part. The soils range from

1 1 j : J 11 TL E 2

shallow y drained to well drained. is suitable for agr iculture.

ilis Wharton diga association has broad and gentle uplands, sloping banks, and steep hills. Slopes

range from gentle near stream headwaters to strong do The solle are e incdezitely Seep to deep and

moderately to well-drained. This soil association occurs mainly in the southwestern and central parts of the

county and makes up about 6 percent of the county. Much of this area has been cleared. Some of the cleared

areas are mee contnined no development while others are used nee recreation, are ed or remain

idle la ] in 111014114 y ALA while other

ipis eamdem Que association is dissected by many mdi streams. The topography is roll-

ing and hilly and incl ly sloping benches, saddles, and hilltops. This association is at the south-

western edge of the county "ds occupies about 1 percent of the county. The soils are moderately deep and

well-drained or somewhat paniy drained: Mie of the area is taken is by dairy jii

Dekalb-Clymer-Cookp ised of broad, gently rolling ridgetops and narrow stream

cut valleys with steep sides. The lower put of the dimid slopes, MES the dias contain many oin

boulders from the sandstone uplands. Thi occurs in t rn and northern part of the country

and makes up about 14 percent of the county. The soil hallow t derately deep and poorly drained to

well-drained. Woods, woodland pasture and converting farmland covers most of this association. Residential

development is mostly along improved highways.

Dekalb-Clymer-Ernest association contains narrow to broad floodplains along small streams and the

Conemaugh River, and includes the steep slopes that rise from the Cep Large HARUM of sandstone

have washed down to the lower part of the valley and floodplains. T tion is int tern part

of the county and covers about 11 percent of the county. The soils are shallow to deep, very stony, and some-

what poorly drained to well-drained. This association is mostly woodland

Monongahela-Allegheny-Pope-Philo association consists of the first and second bottoms of the larger

streams, and includes meandering streams, smooth floodplains, and dissected terraces. The association is in

the southeastern part of the county and covers about 7 ace of the uM Ine snis are i a and modes:

ately well-drained to hat poorly drained. Intense farming has occurred on the well

while some areas have recently been developed for industrial and residential use. (USDA 1968).

Indiana County consists of a hilly region on the Allegheny Plateau ther rises to the Allegheny Mountains

and is drained by the Crooked, Yellow, Two Lick, Blacklick, and Little M ks. Other bodies of water

include the Conemaugh River, which bounds Indiana County to the south, and Yellow Creek Lake, which is

surrounded by Yellow Creek State Park.

Indiana County contains six major watersheds. These major watersheds are grouped into three subbasin

categories: the Central Allegheny Subbasin, the Lower Allegheny Subbasin, and the Upper West Branch

Susquehanna Subbasin.

The Central Allegheny Subbasin has a total drainage area of 2930 square miles. This subbasin includes

the portion of the Allegheny River between Emlenton and Clinton. This subbasin encompasses almost all of

Jefferson County, much of Clarion, Armstrong, Elk, Indiana and portions of Butler, Forest, McKean, and

Clearfield counties.

The Central Allegheny Subbasin contains the Cowanshonnock-Crooked Creeks Watershed, the Lower

Clarion River Watershed, the Mahoning Creek Watershed, the Redbank Creek Watershed and the Upper

Clarion River Watershed. The Cowanshonnock-Crooked Creeks and Mahoning Creek Watersheds drain

Northern Indiana County.

The Cowanshonnock-Crooked Creeks Watershed has a total drainage area of 502 square miles and its

major streams include Cowanshonnock Creek and Crooked Creek. Crooked Creek flows west to east through

the east central portion of Indiana County.

The Mahoning Creek Watershed has a total drainage area of 444 square miles and its major waterways

874 1 1 "n Tubes" E ai 2s f Texas 50)

lude Mahoni eek and Little Mahoni g Creek Mahoning Creek lies in th I i f

1 AE xL

the county, and the i Mahoning Creek fl of Indiana County.

The Lower Allegheny Subbasin has a total isting area of 2394 ac di miles. It includes the lowermost

portion of the NP River from Clinton to Pittsburgh, including the entire Kiskiminetas-Conemaugh

River system. T h of Allegheny, Indiana, Cambria, Somerset and Westmoreland

Counties with portions of Butler and Armstrong Counties. Watersheds of the Lower Allegheny Subbasin that

drain Indiana County include the Conemaugh River-Blacklick Creek Watershed, the Kiskiminetas River

Watershed, and the Loyalhanna Creek Watershed.

The Conemaugh River-Blacklick Creek Watershed has a total drainage area of 700 square miles and its

major waterways saa Blacklick Creek, Two Lick Creek and the middle portion of the Conemaugh River.

These th hern portion of Indiana County.

The Kiskisitantás River Watson hasa uem — area - 164 sq il lits major waterways

include Kiskiminetas River, which d Indiana County, and Beaver Run.

ON Creek Watershed consists of 370 e miles of total "n area -n includes m

Conemaugh River. These

Indiana County.

The Upper West Branch S ] Subbasin has a total drai f 2631 square miles. It includes

the West Branch Susquehanna lins: from its origins to just FIRMA of Sinnemahoning Creek. This sub-

basin encompasses almost all of Cameron County, much of Clearfield, Cambria, Centre, Elk and Potter

Counties and portions of Indiana, Clinton, Blair, McKean, and Jefferson Counties. The Upper West Branch

Susquehanna Subbasin contains the Chest-Anderson Creeks Watershed. Tributaries in the northeastern edge

of the county flow into the West Branch Susquehanna River (Pennsylvnia DEP Watershed Notebook 2006).

Archaeological remains indicate the presence of Native American in Indiana County as pe as 14,225 B.C.

- ERAT Kar cire and: g the 17 la 1 me shortly

after. trader named James Letort in approximately 1727. In 1768

the Treaty of Fort Stanwix made dide m The first towns were Newport in 1790 and Armagh i in 1792.

Two parts of Indiana County, north and south of the Purchase Line, were joined when the county was created

by the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1803.

Beginning in 1813, except for agriculture, tl f f salt was the first major ind in the area

The salt boom in the southwestern part of the county accounted for the name of de town of Saltsburg. The

town of Saltsburg was founded in 1816 iid in Le $e s steam eu A were put into use at the saltworks.

The use of coal increased until 1838 and y as the salt p ion diminished. The first iron

foundry was in Blairsville in 1830, and the first i f } king in East Wheatfield in 1840. Timber

"46 * | ^ E x

production began in 1827.

According to the census of 1810, X new tef hada jore of 1214. The town of Indiana became à

borough in 1816, the same year Pittsl y. The Pennsylvania Canal, opened for ves-

sel traffic from Saltsburg to Blüten i in 1 1829, anl was one of ihe most important transportation improve

ments at that time. The Huntingdon, Cambria and Indiana Turnpike was completed by 1821, and another

turnpike from Ebensburg to Kittanning via Indiana opened in 1823.

During the 18505 the local economy slowed down in response to the decline of the coal-mining and salt

industries. The Indiana County Agricultural Society was formed and held its first county fair in 1855. In 1851

the railroad extended into Indiana County as far as Blairsville and reached into Indiana by 1856 and Saltsburg

by 1865.

Agriculture and timber harvesting were the chief economic activities during the 1880's. New mines

sprang up in Glen Campbell between 1889 and 1890. Other industries produced glass, bricks, cigars, wagons,

and carriages. By 1883 Sutton Brothers and Bell of Indiana was the largest iron foundry in the area. From 188

Esca. A Sp A j Ve i i Zind; r ty, Pennsylvania 875

to 1889 new railroads reached into the northeastern sections of the county. Eight bridges spanned the

Conemaugh River. Indiana had telegraph service by 1869, and by 1890, 21 towns had telephone service.

By 1915 there were 53 mining companies in operation, with approximately 115 mines. Coal production

grew from 1901 to 1910. The coal boom stimulated the growth of other industries and establishment of new

companies. Among them were the Indiana Foundry Company in 1899; Clymer Brick and Fire Clay Company

in 1907; McCreary Tire and Rubber Company in 1915; and the Indian Brewing Company in 1904, to name just

a few. A number of glass companies were established in Blairsville and Indiana, and electricity-generating

plants grew up in both towns in 1890 and 1891.

The Buffalo, Rochester and puoum pune c began l in 1902, and the New York Central from 1903. By

1903, there were only si y. Construction of a street car system from

Indiana to Ernest and Clymer began in 1906 and was c as ft as Blairsville by 1910. Streetcar service

ended by 1933 and the Pennsylvania Railroad d i 1 passenger service in 1940.

A concrete road was built ee Indiana to Homer City in 1921. The first airfield built in the area was in 1918,

In 1932, 32 percent of tl relief. By 1935 the laser owned 26 percent of all

taxable real estate consist dl 3800 parcels, but by 1937 the l y g g er.

World War II was upon the county in 1940 l d d d stud icked elderber

ries and milkweed pods to help families. In 1943, the government ek di over the mines and there were very few

local war industries. Below lists some of the technological and cultural advances that the county experienced

during the 1940's and 50's. WDAD, the first radio station, went on the air in 1945. An Associated Press dispatch

in 1950s announced Indiana County as “the Christmas Tree Capital of the World” The first of three giant electric

plants were completed in 1967. The Hamilton Airfield closed in 1930 Pu was idiom: by the ped Stewart

A 1

Airport in honor of the actor who grew up in Indiana County.

had begun immediately after the war ended, tene ina gis of population By PS the population had recov-

ered to the 1940 level. Today, Indiana Huiventty of of y y

again the number one industry, with touri i d ( Se 2003)

in the county. Farming is

Major Collectors

Collecting in Indiana County for the Carnegie Museum Herbarium began in 1883, and has continued to the

present. Most of the collectors have been members of the Botanical Society of Western Pennsylvania and the

staff of the Section of Botany at Carnegie Museum.

i ey | T. 4

t g f the Indiana County are L. Speedy,

LK. Henry, O.E. Jennings, W.E. Buker, and F.H. Utech.

METHODS

This checklist was compiled by searching the herbaria of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM).

Herbarium collection AA was ao from the Morris Arboretum (MOAR) for 24 samples. Other

herbaria that le the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (21 sam-

ples) and the A.G. Shields di at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania (83 samples). In addition field-

Work was conducted targeting underrepresented areas of the county. Most of the collections were made 2007

through 2009, as well as during the late 1940s and early 1950s but several specimens date back as far as 1895

and 1901. The majority of the specimens are deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM).

Rhoads and Block (2000) was the primary source for plant identification. For generic and species names we

have generally followed the Synthesis of North American Flora (Kartesz 1999). Authorities are abbreviated for

the majority of taxa according to Brummitt and Powell (1992).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This list includ ] fol as ] ] 4

in Indiana County. Itincludes

4 total of 125 families, 463 genera, and 988 species. The five families with the largest number of species are

876 1 LaftihaD son iD A £T. Piel

Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae. Carex, Viola, Solidago, Symphyotrichum, and

neci: are iion largest gene This checklist recognizes 51 species of pieridopiyrtek , speed of gymnór

There are approximately 193 non

deci mainly "a Europe ibd inicia: Fifteen species have global or state tabing

Species of Conservation Concern

Of the 15 plants that have powa or state ranking, f G2 or imperiled status but are

either a G4 or G5 status, indi dition globally. No taxon listed under the

Endangered Species Act was ciond.

Actaea podocarpa G4:S3 Prenanthes crepidinea G4:S4

dropogon glomeratus var. glomeratus, G5:S3 Salix petiolaris G5:54

Filipendula rubra G4G5:5152 Stenanthium gramineum G4G5:5152

Helianthus microcephalus G5:54 Symphyotrichum praealtum var. angustior, G5:S3

Hydrastis canadensis G4:S4 Taxus canadensis G5:5354

Najas gracillima G5?:54 Thalictrum coriaceum G4:52

Orontium aquaticum G5:54 Trillium flexipes G5:S2

Penstemon laevigatus G5:S3

Invasives

There are 4 taxa in the — pepi win that are listed by the aci Segal npc of eae

(2007) as noxious ls. It i , sell or transport tl mmon

wealth: Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle), Cit tiie vulgare — — TUN V salicaria don eie

and Rosa multiflora (Multiflora rose). Other speci y

systems are: Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Aegopodi 1 ( D, Ailanthus altissima (tree-of

heaven), Alliaria petiolata (garlic EOS: Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) ppa orbiculatus

(Oriental bittersweet), El llat olive t), Ligustrum ob-

tusifolium (border privet), inn) japonica (Japanese hoonesucidon Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle),

Lonicera morrowii (Morrow's honeysuckle), Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stilt grass), Myriophyllum spica-

tum (Eurasian water-milfoil), Pastinaca sativa (wild parsnip), Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass), and

Spiraea japonica Japanese spiraea) (DCNR t

While this checklist is probably not all-i f ies in Indiana County, it is the most compre-

hensive list presently available.

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE SPECIES OF

INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

nm Keenan i sm sibus RM : f

taxon name, author(s), {(year) collector and number} global:

state ranking, emai and non- dt source. We follow the state (S) and global (G) ranking systems

developed by The Nature Conservancy (1996 version). de sol) pombe are designated from 1 (critically

imperiled) to 5 (secure). Osher postions ingiude 58, hi occurrence, and SR, which indi-

cates reported without p included for names not in common usage in

the state or dioi Maii: da cases where ha was more than one specimen present in the collection,

the western Pennsylvania region were cited.

Families, genera, and specific and infraspecific taxa are arranged alphabetically within vascular plant

groups Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and Pteridophytes.

not eic Michx.f, 2008 L. = 08-991 [Acer saccharum Marsh.

Acanthaceae um (Michx. f.) Britt

Justicia americana (L.) Vahl, 1968 A.G. Shields s.n. Acer eal L., 2008 L. cien 08-0291

Acer platanoides L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0048 Europe

eraceae Acer rubrum L. var. rubrum, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0204-2

Acer negundo L. var. negundo, 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-47 Acer rubrum L. var. loba, 1950 L.K. Henry ei F.H. Beer s.n.

d Wd I i di find: f. +

Pennsylvania

+. L4

Acer saccharinum L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-992

Acer saccharum Marsh. var. saccharum, 2008 L. Speedy 08-946

Acer spicatum Lam., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0278

Acoraceae

Acorus calamus L., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n. Europe

Alismatac

Alisma corium Raf., 2009 L. Speedy 09-923 [Alisma plantago-

aquatica L. var. parviflorum (Pursh) Torr.]

Sagittaria Lio Willd., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1012

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus hybridus L., 1947 H.A. Wahl 4894 Tropical America

Amaranthus retroflexus L., 1947 H.A. Wahl 4513 Tropical America

Anacardiaceae

Rhus irr L., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and S. Stewart 07-1011

Rhus glabra L., 1945 O.E. Jennings s.n

mr hphina Es 2009 L ney 09-1 07 2

) Kuntze ssp. negundo, 2009 L. Speedy

09-0247

Annonaceae

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1180

Bpiece

j 1 n9 £70E

Angelica venenosa a (Greenway) e 1951 W.E. Buker and F.H.

J is (1 ) Hoffman. 20081 Speedv O: 276 Fi Irope

Ch hill L

L.) Crantz var. . procumbens 2002 | B.

Isa CJA. Isaac and H.R. Isaac

Cicuta cia ta L. var. maculata, 2 L. Speedy 09-0553

Conium maculatum

yar 008 dy 08

Omer ied (Michx.) C. B. Clarke, oy 4 K. Henry and F.H.

Deis: HUN (Torr.) DC., 2008 L. Speedy 08-388B

Pastinaca sativa ie 2009 L. Speedy Ta Eurasia

var. canadensis, 2008 | Speedy 08-44

Sanicula odorata a ) K.M. Pryer & L.R. pes 2009 L. i

09-0444 [Sanicula gregaria Bickn.]

Sanicula Medie Bickn., 1990 FH. Utech 90-1274

Sium suave Walt., 1 952 LK. Henry and FH. B

endo Hitegerrima (L) Drude, es = - Henya pu F.H. Beer s.n.

and FH. Beer s.n

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray var. aureum, pl L. Speedy 09-816

]

008 L. Speedy 08-339

Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch, 2007 L. Speedy 07-782

Apocynaceae

Apocynum androsaemifolium L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-566

Apocynum cannabinum L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-681

Vinca minor L., 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-50 Europe

Aquifoliaceae

Ew (Michx.) Torr., 2008 L. Speedy and D. White 08-1244

€x montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1292

llex verticillata (L.) A. Gray, 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-423

eae

Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott, 1946 L.K. H

Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. UU ps L. Speedy

Oronti.

2008 L. Speedy 08-390 G5:S4

877

Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt., 2009 L. Speedy 09-823

Araliaceae

Aralia nudicaulis L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-585

Aralia racemosa L. ssp. racemosa, 1954 L.K. Henry and W.E. Buker s.n.

etin trifolius L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-360

Aristolochiaceae

arum canadense L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-366

piadac

pence exaltata z 2008 L PEY 08-527

2008 L. Speedy 08-906

Asclepias quadrifolia h 2008 L. speed 08-448

Asclepias syriaca L., 2008 L. Speedy 08

Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. tuberosa, bots e Speedy 09-620

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-688

Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima, 2008 L.

Speedy 08-1069 [Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.

Ambrosia e L., 2008 L. m er 08-1134

pase a L., 1942 O.E. Jennin

apha €: margaritacea (L.) Benth. ^ Fai f., 2009 L. Speedy and

Roger

A "em Mia

neodioica, 2008 L Speedy 08-338

Antennaria neodioica Gre e

Antennaria neglecta Greene, eme peedy LS-07-3

Antenndnia panini Fem. SR porini, 2007 s es E 07-63

09-0220

Anthemis arvensis ré 1950 L.K. i agis ges. F.H. ase n. cadi

Anthemis cotula L., 1982 M. Cipollini s.n. Pre

Arctium lappa L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-804 Euro

Mm minus due Berni, Aoi W.A. Zanol 2 Eurasia

obins., 20081 Speedy 08-1182

[Cacalia atriplicifolia L.]

Artemisia i , 2008 L. — 08-1200 Eurasia

Bidens cernua L., 1984 M. Polechko

Bidens indem L., 2009 L. Speedy 0

Bidens tripartita L., 2009 L. sse DARE [Bidens comosa (A.

Gray) Wieg.]

Bidens vulgata Greene, 1951 E.T. Wherry s.

Centaurea stoebe L. vigi micranthos, 2009 a Seedy and B. Poglein

Cichor cred 944 O.E. Jennings s.n. Europe

Cirsium valtisimum (L. : ages MS O.E. Jennings s.n.

) Sco

LAR COAL

Cirsium discolor (Muhl. e ex - Spreng. eae E ad 08-1184

Cirsium muticum Michx., 2008 L. Speed

O, nyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., 2009 L- PD

hatl. ID RAMA

5 [Aster umbellatus P. Mill.]

e heat (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. hieraciifolius, 2009 L.

eed hal

Erigeron annuus i Pers., 2008 L. Speedy 08-38

ire philadelphicus L. var. D a: an L. Speedy

9-0248

Ichellus N var. pulchellus 2008 | Speedy 08-0185

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. strigosus, 1994 W.A. Zanol 3514

Eupatorium altissimum L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-806

Eupatorium perfoliatum L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1256

upatorium serotinum Michx., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1295

878

Eupatorium omen L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1

Eurybia diva a (L.) Nesom, 2008 L. o F^ 1337 [Aster

divaricatu yb

Eurybia sonne (L.) Cass., 2009 L. Speedy 09-796 [Aster mac-

ro us L.

Eurybia schreberi iri Nees, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

[Aster schreberi Nee

Euthamia graminifolia "E ) Nutt., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1282 [Solidago

graminifolia (L.) Salisb.]

Ei hii fistul (B ) E. Lamont, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1112

Uupatorium — panau

2008 L. Speedy

08-1 pa pal a m LJ

ipe parviflora Cav. parviflora, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1301

Central & A

(nli, f,

Ruiz & Pavon, 2008 L. Speedy 08-798

Cent ral & South A

Gnaphalium is ide E pi L.K. Henry opi F.H. Beer s.n. Europe

Helenium autum n L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-

m Raf., 1965 A.G. HEBR s.n

Hunts xiii Pers. (pro sp.), 1962 R. A. Ickes s.n.

Helianthus decapetalus L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-11 i

Helianthus divaricatus L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-104

Heus microcephalus Torr. & A. Gray, 1942 A E. Jennings s.n.

Helianthus strumosus L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1020

Hetanthus tuberosus L dy M. Neidig s.n

) Sweet, 2009 Speedy dni 2

Hi T 7 994 B.l išaatánd JA

1 lafehan Dat A | bl dE £ cis

FRAG) HA]

Solidago altissima L. ssp. altissima, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

olidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & A. Gray]

olidago bicolor L., 200 L.. apesi 08-1107

j a, 2008 L god 08-1323

Lo r. canadensis, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1120

Solidago eni s L. var. aby hes 2008 L. Pet 08-1320

Solidago flexicaulis L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1265

Solidago gigantea Ait., 2009 L. Speedy 09- st 9

Solidago ju ncea Ait., 2008 L. Speedy 08-11

ralis Ait. var. nemoralis, Ae E Speedy 09-936

Willd. var. patula, 2009 L. Speedy 09-1012

olidago rugosa P. P. Mill. ssp. aspera var. aspera, 2008 L. Speedy

08-113

Solidago rugosa P. Mill. ssp. rugosa var. rugosa, 2008 L. Speedy

08-1189

Solidago end eye ex Willd. var. ulmifolia, 1952 L.K. Henry

Pe aii canon (L.) Nesom, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1327

[Aster CORONAE

AMAN NI

lanceolatum var.

lanceolatum, 200R L eign wae Ea 4 [Aster pails Whee

Speedy 08-1328 sii ced (L.) Britt.]

cau. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1296

Aster novae-anglia

Symphyotrichum cram (Nutt.) Nesom, 1966 J. Byers

Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum, ÓN E

Speedy De 1 129 [Aster "pilosus Willd.]

i, 2009 L. Speedy

nee 1994 B.L. Isaac and J.A. Isaac

6884 Europe

Hieracium paniculatum L., 2007 L. Speedy 07-1105

Hieracium pilosella L., 1982 M. Cipollini s.n. Europe

Hieracium scabrum Michx., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1197

Hieracium eed)

ird 09-932

Lactuca ET Henry a dus W.E. Buker s.n.

Lactuca sativa L., 1901 J.A. iu s.n. Eun

Lactuca serriola L., 1990 F.H. Utech 90-1 a6 Be

” ucanthemom vuigare ep 1994 W. "di sate 3508 depts

Panlain

9-845 [Aster ocuminatus Michx. T

m. inia autumnalis D. Don, 1963 F. Serrotto s.n. Europe

Packera aurea (L.) A. & D. Lóve, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0196 [Senecio

aureus L.]

Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Love, 2009 L.

peedy 09-0221 [Senecio obovatus pse ex Willd.]

diia altissima L., 2009 L. Speedy 09

Prenanti epi Michx., 2002 B.L. ee J.A. Isaac and H.R.

Isaac pir:

Prenanthes volor qune ) Fem, Ta we — andF. bs Pls n.

1995 FH. Utech 95 tusifoli

OR hirta L var. hirta, 2009 L Speedy 09-937 dn hirta

ulcherrima Farw.]

Rudbeckia, laciniata L. var. laciniata, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1140

ernus Cronq.]

Silphium asteriscus L. var. trifoliatum, 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and

. Stewart 07-1018 [Silphium trifoliatum L.]

. Eur

Sericocarpus usteraides (L.) B.S.P., 1953 L.K. ids and F.H. Beer s.n.

Aster pat

09- 1016 [Aster pilosus Willd. var. demotus Bla ke]

Symphyotrichum praeaitu um DEPO n var. angustior, 2009 L

Speedy 09-1017 J

angus tior r Wi

Rer prenanthoides (Muhl. ex bord Nesom, 2008 L.

eedy 08-1347 [Aster prenanthoides Muhl. ex Willd.

iced puniceum (L.) A. t D. Lóve var. DRE 2008 L.

peedy 08-1319 [Aster puniceus L.]

Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) dose 2007 L. Speedy 07-1796

[Aster shortii Lindl.]

Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) Nesom, 1948 E. Mason s.n. [Aster

undulatus L.]

+b huli, MinaAlini

2009 L. Speedy 09-1089

[Aster urophyllus Li

Tamam parthenium E ) Schultz-Bip., 1978 M. Tucker s.n. Europe

G.H. Weber ex Wiggers, 2007 L . Speedy LS-

or 4^ ges

8 L. Sp NERE

Verbesina alternifolia (. ) Britt ex Kearney, 2008 L yu = 1070

09- 820

(L.) Michx., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1132

Xanthium strumarium L., 1957 L.K. Henry s.n.

Balsam

Impatiens capensis Meerb., 2007 L. Speedy 07-1094

eses pallida Nutt., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1191

Berberidac

n thunbergi DC, , 2008 E Speedy 08- vacio apan

lophyll Michx., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0101

Podophyllum peltatum L., 206 L. Speedy d)

Betulaceae

Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa, 2009 L. Speedy 09-1009

Alnus bl (Ait.) Willd., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0284

Betula alleghaniensis ok 2008 L. ne 08-00:

Betula lenta L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-014

AA Ac ay, Y 1 | + AZ B A P

Betula pendula Roth, 1995 F.H. Utech 95-872 Eurasia

Betula populifolia Marsh., 1977 A. Sibo s.n.

p caroliniana Walt. ssp. virginiana, 2009 L. Speedy 09-675

porius americana Me ho moon L. Speedy 08-809-1

2009 L. Speedy 09-1086

E iaceae

Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau, 1967 J. Gelsdorf s.n.

Catalpa panels pa - T esai s.n

9 | Speedy 09-678

Catalpa speci

Boragina

epoca thease L., 1954 F. Streams s.n. Eurasi

lossum virginianum L. var. virginianum, 1946 L. " Henry s.n.

Myosotis scorpioides L., 2000 H. Travis s.n. Europe

Brassicaceae

Miahrr 9r A!

ls , 2008 L. Speedy 08-0276

Europe

Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata, 2007 L.

ae egy C NUN 3: Stewart T verre and s Trexler 07-812

Boechera canadensis Al-Shehbaz, 1954 L.K. Henry and W.E. Buker

s.n. [Arabis canadensis

Boechera sik p (Muhl. ex x Willd.) Al- Shehbaz, 2009 L. Speedy

rabis heh oe (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir.]

Brassica ee (L.) Cz

901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Eurasia

ope

Capsella bur pastor (L.) Medik., 1972 L.K. Henry and W.E. Buker

s.n. Eura

Cardamine angustata O.E. Schulz, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey

LS-07-15

I Muhl.) B.S.P., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0215

FALLI. MAi-hy\ €

2008 L. Speedy 08-016

1, 20081 Speedy 08-0289

Card, Los RS |

(Mi-hy MAL

Cardamine douglassii Britt., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0055

da amine hirsuta E eget de m DE bod

fanis parvifiora L. var. eel 1946 L.K. H

x Willd., 2008 L nd 08- 0128

Cardamine rotundifolia Michx., 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-291

A Europ

Lepidium campestre (L) Ait. f., 2008 L. Speedy 08-965 Eurasia

Lepidium virginicum L., 2005 J. se pat

Nasturtium officinale Ait. f., 1968 J. Rummel s.n. Europ

Rorippa palustris (L.) Men ssp. kaa 2009 L. Speedy 09-0583

Sinapis arvensis L., 1966 M.R. Charnego s.n. Mediterranean region

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Europe

Buxaceae

Pach M

lis Sieb. & Zucc., 2008 L. Speedy 08-891 Japan

Cabombaceae

Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and S.

Stewart 07-986

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche heterophylla Pursh ssp. heterophylla, 1953 L.K. Henry

and F.H. Beer s.n

Campanu

lac

al ie (L.) Small, 2009 L. Speedy 09-792

[Campanula americana L

ty, Pennsylvania 879

Lobelia o he € L. Speedy 09-818

Lobelia L. Speedy spas

Lobelia spi 2E zie L. — 08-

Lobelia spicata Lam. var. spicata, 1953 L. A Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

Triodanis Patola (L.) Nieuwl., M L. Speedy 08-509

Cannabaceae

Humulus lupulus L., 1969 D. Pifer s.n. Europe

Caprifoliaceae

Diervilla lonicera P. Mill., 1959 W.E. Buker s

Lonicera canadensis Bartr. ex Marsh., 2007 T Speedy and C. Tracey

Lonicera so dial L., 1963 J. keep s.n.

Lonicera japonica Thun Utech 95-877 Asia

Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) TB e L. Speedy LS-07-221 Asia

Lonicera morrowii A. Gray, 2009 L. Speedy and B. Poglein 09-846

apan

Lonicera xylosteum L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-440 Eurasia

do L. ssp. canadensis, 2009 L. Speedy and C. Rogers

79 [S dots canadensis L.]

samoucus nigra L. ssp. nigra, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey LS-07-

0 Europe

sambucus racemosa L. var. racemosa, 2008 L. Speedy 08-525

s racemosa v ns]

Sym Bn capos ora! Moench 1966 bug s.n.

Viburnum acerifoliu Speedy 09

Viburnum psi tatum its var. Sr fein 2007 L. seen and C. Tracey

07- ib burn bea gos Fern.]

0091 Speedy and C Rogers 09-1082

cone te alnifolium Marsh.]

. 2007 L. Speedy and M. Bowers 07-876

L. var. c al 2007 L. Speedy and M. Bowers

72 [Vi ies cassino L.]

urnum opulus L. var. i RR laine Eurasia

caido prunifolium L., 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-17

Caryo Sethi ae

Agrostemma as 7 M.S. Lewis s.n. Euro

aei dbi us var. a da 1913 J. id s.n. Europe

Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare, 2009 L. Speedy 09-610

sia

bdo nutans Raf. var. nutans, 1942 O.E. Jennings s.n.

Cerastium tomentosum L., 1976 J.

thu

Heina lateriflora (E) fera, 2009 L. Speedy 0 -0236

Myceo nd aquoicum a ) — der L. Spey nigh 576 Europe

648

ponaria officinalis L., 1995 dem " Pi 95- 904 deci

sen latifolia Poir., inii E He 09- pik Europe

Silene noctiflora L., Roslund s. rope

Silene stellata (L.) Fine i E L. ctae E 1036

Silene virarea] L 2009 le ae 09- ré ve

ly 09-0445 Europe

Stellaria alsine Grimm, 1982 M. Midi i

3 esu graminea La is = K gps and t H. ei s.n. Europe

A 9 | Sp eedy 9-0232

Stellaria media (L.) Vill., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1064 sis

Stellaria pubera Michx., 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-75

Celastraceae

fol, + hi,

latus Thunb., 2008 L. Speedy 08-388F Japan and

China

ee scandens L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-58

ud e s A Jacq. var. a 1942 O.E.

Jennings s

880

Ceratophyllace

Ceratophyllum ia L., 1984 M. Polechko s.n.

enopodiac

puso bon L. var. album, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

Cistaceae

Lechea racemulosa Michx., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n.

Clusiaceae

Hypericum ellipticum Hook., 1908 O.E. Jennings s.n.

Hyperi icum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P., 1959 H. Bell s.n.

m mutil 008 L. Speedy and M. appr 08-915

Hypericum poets L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-804 Eur

Hypericum prolificum L., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey id. S. Stewart

Hypericum penctunam pede 2009 L. Totti 09-915

8l Speedy 08-1252

Commelinaceae

Commelina communis L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1034 Asia

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n.

Cor

E get E t qe: L. Speedy 08-387

Cornus amomum 007 L. Speedy 07-789

Cornus canadensis t es F. Streams s.n.

Cornus florida L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0186

Cornus Dita ua Raf., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n. [Cornus

m P. Mill. ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S. Wilson]

Cornus racemosa Lam., 2009 L. edy 09-0545

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1285

Crassulaceae

Penthorum sedoides L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-894

Sedum ternatum Michx., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1067

Pepsi

{Mi-hy VT,

A. Gray, 2009 L. Speedy 09-793

Sicyos angulatus E 2007 L. ak 07-1797

Cuscutaceae

ii Willd. ex LA Schult

g ji, 2008 L. Speedy

08-1298

Bubostyl pir sa à eee ex CB. Clarke, 1995 FH. T 95-903

eng. var. albicans, 1946 L.K. H

nzie]

Carex albursina Sheldon, 2008 L. Speedy 08-402

Carex amphibola Steud., 2008 L. Speedy 08-61

Carex annectens (Bickn.) a 1954 F. Stre

Carex appalachica J. Webber & P.W. Ball, 2005 jt nid 09-0275

Carex atlantica Bailey ssp. atlantica, 2007 L. Speedy and M. Bowers

7-87

Carex baileyi Britt., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0455

Carex blanda Dewey, 2008 L. Speedy 08-673

Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. ssp. bromoides, 2009 L. Speedy

09-0552

) Poir. ssp. sphaerostachya, 1995 J.D. Wagner

and L.L. Smith 942

Carex caroliniana Schwein., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. ip s.n.

Pei cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd., 2009 L. Speedy 09-7

arex communis Bailey var. communis, 2009 L. Speedy e 3

Carex intumescens Rudge, 2008 L. Speedy 08-575

Coes taevivaginata — : paeem Beg C.E. Wood 2087

Speedy 08-612

Schwein. var. Ladi dab 2009 | Speedy 09-0546

Carex laxiflora Lam., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0456

Carex leptonervia (Fern.) Fern., 1950 L.K. Henry and FH. Beer s.n.

Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd., 2007 L. Speedy 07-555

Carex lurida Wahlenb., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0548

Carex projec

Carex radiata (Wahlenb). ge ae i Speedy 09-

peedy and € pete 592

[Carex c — Macken end

Carex scabrata Schwein., ps L. Speedy 08-994

Carex scoparia Bero ex Willd. var. ae 2009 L. Speedy

19-0562

Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd., 1945 O.E. Jennings s.n.

arex squarrosa L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-880

Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0566

Carex stricta Lam., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0579

Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0576

Carex to rta Boott e ex Teenan, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0233

tribuloides, 2008 L Let 08-666

Carex trisperma Dewey, 2007 L. Speedy L

Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd., 2009 L. Spat) 2 C. Rogers 09-597

Carex vulpinoidea Michx., 200

Carex woodii Dewey, 1952 L.K. Henry and FH. B

Cyperus ond Torr., 2008 L. Sprey and M. aria 08-930

Cyperus esculentus L., 1974 P. Herr s.

Cyperus strigosus L., 2007 L. Speedy, c Tracey and S. Stewart 07-994

Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. var. onde ceum, 2007 L.

5 . Tracey and S. Stewart

rochani adeilad: i ipapa & J.A. ace 2007 L. Speedy, C.

ys and s e 07-9:

leoch ) JA. Schultes, 2009 L. Speedy 09-924

Eleocharis esp (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes, 2009 L. Sp eedy 09-

leocharis erythropoda Steud.]

oe edis apes J.A. Schultes var. tenuis, 2009 L. Speedy

9-0279

and M. Bower -932

Schoenoplectus ius bocas (K.C. Gmel.) Palla, 2009 L. Speedy

-0 cirpus validus

Scirpus M (L) eate ab L. Speedy 09-9

Scirpus hattorianus Makino, 1952 L.K. Henry and sh Beer s.n.

Scirpus percal Vahl, presa L. Speedy ss 1213

Jah Dall

pungens, 2008 L. Speedy

Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea villosa L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-428 [Dioscorea quaternat?

J.F. Gmel]

AA AC A A I I + lind: f. +

Dipsacaceae

Dipsacus fullonum L., 1965 A.G. Shields s.n. Europe

Elaegnaceae

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb., 2008 L. Speedy 08-375 Asia

Ericaceae

Epigaea repens L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0440

Gaultheria procumbens: ky 2006 L Hei 08-964

008 L. Speedy 08-435

de peran paamu k 0% da Spent 08-958

Kalmia latifolia L., 2009 L. Spe eedy 09

Rho do

R 2008 | Speedy

B 24,

IN AAG ai

2009 L. Speedy 09-0164

em angustifolium Ait, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey LS-07-333

-709

Vaccinium stamineum L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-973

uphorl

peer rhomboidea Pg dens L. Speedy 08-1198

1944 O.E. Jennings s.n [Euphorbia

ineculata L.]

| re n 2008 | c

y ly 08-911 [Euphorbia

nutans Lag.]

oim vermiculata be House, 1994 W.A. Zanol 3520

[Euphorbia vermicula

inde eit ES 28671 É zu C. Tracey, S. Stewart, T. Vechter

exler 07-826

Euphoric Seabee = 1948 M.S. Lewis s.n. Eurasia

N r. dentata, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1181

Fabaceae

Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. var. bracteata, 2008 L. Speedy

08-

Apios americana Medik., 2009 L. Speedy 09-788

Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f., 1946 L.K. Henry s.n.

Cercis canadensis L. var. canadensis, 2007 L. Speedy 07-1802

esmodi um can id

t m nudiflorum (L.) DC., 1951 W.E. Buker and F.H. iure n.

EL paniculatum (L.) DC., 2007 L. Speedy 07-110

m perplexum Schub., 1943 O.E. Jennings s.n.

Get reis] sd lja woe Woodle s.n.

Speedy 09-677 Europe

Lespedeza a d Hornem., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0426

EMO — 5 SSP, sativa, 1990 F.H. Utech 90-1237 Eurasia

Lam., 2009 L. S ] ting Eurasia

Robinia pseudoacacia L., 2009 L. Speedy 0

Securigera varia we Lassen, 2007 L. i us à: sm and S. Stewart

07-100

i hebecarpa (Fem. ) Irwin & Barneby, 1965 A.G. Shields s.n.

(L.) Pers., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n

oum aureum Pollich, 1946 L.K. Hen

1994 B.L. saat and : A. Isaac 6879 Europe

th: A villosa, 1945 O.E. Jennings s.n. Europe

Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir., 1983 A. Hines s.n.

y Pennsylvania 881

Fagac

aes edd (Marsh.) Borkh., 2007 L. Speedy 07-1678

Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0284

uercus alba L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1085-1

Quercus bicolor Willd., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0140-2

A oe hk NORIS P T3

Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh., 1948 D.P. Caylor s.n.

Quercus imbricaria Michx., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0218

Quercus montana Willd., 2009 L. € 09-1088 [Quercus prinus L.]

Quercus rubra L., 2008 L. Speedy 08

Quercus velutina Lam., 1937 O.E. pec ngs s

Quercus x neat Nutt. (pro sp.), 2007 L. as and G. Davis 07-

1836

Fum eae

Capnoides sempervirens E ) Borkh., 1968 A.G. Shields s.n. [Corydalis

ervirens (L.) Per

ENS flavula (Raf.) de. 2008 L. Speedy 08-004

Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp., 2007 L. dud and C. Tracey

Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0061

Gentiana

Bartonia puso (L.) B.S.P., 1947 L.K. Henry s.

Gentia. lipid Griseb. var. andrewsii, en L.K. Henry s.n.

Gentiana clausa Raf., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1007

Sabatia angularis "y Pursh, 1901 C.R. Holmes s.n.

Geraniaceae

Geranium maculatum L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0241

Grossularia

Ribes osoari " 2008 L. Speedy 08-9

Ribes rubrum L., 2009 L. Speedy 09- beds Eurasia

Haloragaceae

Mriophylum kd eai L, 2008 L. Speedy, J.A. Isaac, B.L. Isaac and

025 Eura

Hamamelidac

Hamamelis virginiana L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1098

Hydran

Hydr iie bride L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-524

Hydrocharit

Elodea ponla Michx., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and E. Trexler

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John, 2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers

08-926

2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers 08-934

Hydrophyllaceae

Aaa canadense ls 1957 M.S. Lewis s.n.

ar. virginianum, 2008 L. Speedy 08-400

Iridaceae

Iris pseudacorus L., 2007 L. se and C. Tracey 07-1518 Europe

= — E, dd M S. ates

Mill., 2009 L. Speedy 09-666

Ju PES

Carya uis Pr Nutt. ex Ell., 1946 H.A. Wahl 1650 [Carya tomentosa

(Lam. ex idet Er s tt.]

uos i edy 08

Carya glabra (P. Mill. Pe 2008 L. Speedy 08- 1039- 2 [Carya els

(Wangenh.) Sa

Carya ovata (P. Mill. 5 K. Koch, 2009 L. Speedy 09-809-1

Juglans cinerea L., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Bee

Juglans nigra L., 1993 W.A. Zanol 1597

Juncaceae

Juncus acuminatus Michx., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0578

Juncus bufonius L., 1908 O.E.

Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe, 2009 091. speedy» s

Juncus dudleyi Wieg., 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-44

Juncus effusus L. ssp. pylaei, 2009 L. Speedy 09-920 [uncus effusus

L. var. pylaei (Laharpe) Fern. & Wieg.]

Juncus effusus L. ssp. solutus, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1325

m ————

} Coville & RI

) Coville &

2008 L. Speedy 08-1175

ake var

Lamiaceae

Ajuga reptans L., 1970 D. Pifer s.n. E

— rst 2009 L Speedy 09650

LATICE

a ) Fritsch]

Collinsonia canadensis L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1029

is bifida

m purpui

Leonurus cardiaca L., 1965 A.G. Shields s.n

Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart., spei L.K. Henry and F.H.

Beer s.

Lycopus agg Michx. var. uniflorus, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1173

Lycopus virginicus L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1207

Mentha xpiperita L. (pro sp.), 1968 A.G. Shields s.n. Eurasia

Mentha spicata E, 1995 F.H. Utech sage Europe

(pro sp.)

Monarda clinopodia L., 2007 L. Pehe € Tracey, S. Stewart, T.

Vechter and E. Trexler 07-796

rda di C

Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa var. stp Ad 2009 L. Speedy

09-781

Monarda media Willd., 2008 L. Fd 06-908

Poi cataria L., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Eurasia

ysostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. ph virginiana, 2008 L. Speedy

iae 161

nella —— L. ssp. lanceolata, 1994 W.A. Zanol 3530

nase vu L. ssp. vulgaris, 1990 F.H. Utech 90-1233 Europe

Pycna: doge incanum (L.) Michx. var. incanum, 2008 L. Speedy

Pynamnemum tenuifolium Schrad, 1901 J.A. Shafer s.

var. rd 1954

LK. Po ind W.E. Buker

Scutellaria incana Biehler var. incana, 2009 L. Speedy 09-786

Scutellaria "meis L. var. lateriflora, 2008 L. Speedy 08-903

ria nervosa Pursh, 2009 L. 09-0237

Stachys palustris L. var. poyri 1951 E.T. pails es

Teucrium rene L. var. can 2009 L. Speedy 09-790

[Teucrium canadense va se nix

SANA dichotomum L., pe Peterson s.n.

Lauraceae

Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume, 2008 L. Speedy 08-507

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, 2008 L. Speedy 08-0171

Lemnaceae

Lemna minor L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1011

Liliaceae

Allium canadense L. var. canadense, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Porter

Allium cernuum Roth, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1053

15-07-354 [Smilacina racemosa 0.) Det]

Medeola virginiana L,

Mascari bore) MIL. 1967 RK Aley sn- Europe

Poh L. Speedy

09-794

Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh, 2008 L. Speedy 08-349

Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D. Don, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0158

—— Michx.) Nichols.]

-Gawl.) Morong, 2008 L. Speedy 08-

1010 G4G5:5152

L sita

2007 L speedy

1€ 57 5304 TC Da

jos o

album (Michx.) Pursh]

Trillium flexipes Raf., 1952 LK. Henry and FH. Beer s.n. G5:S2

Trillium grandiflorum E

Trillium sessile L., 1946 LK. Henry s.n.

Trillium undulatum

Uvularia

Uvularia sessilifolia L, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0281

fer, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer

s.n. [Melanthium latifolium Desr.)

Veratrum viride Ait. var. viride, 2008 L. Speedy 08-396

Willd., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0117

Linum striatum 2009 L. Speedy 09-658

Linum usitatissimum L., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Europe

Cuphea viscosissima Jacq., 1990 F.H. Utech 90-1235

i A. te > a 2009 1 c A. m OTA E€

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron tulipifera L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0143

Magnolia acuminata (L.) L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-969

Malvaceae

Abutilon theophrasti Medik., 1968 A.G. Shields s.n. Asia

Iva moschata L., 1982 M. Cipollini s.n. Europe

Malva neglecta Wallr., 1976 D. Cunkelman s.n. Eurasia

Monotropa hypopithys L., 1963 A. Ward s.n.

Monotropa uniflora L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-957

Moraceae

Morus alba L., 2007 D. Schneid

Najadaceae

Najas flexilis (Wild) Rosti. & Schmidt, 1984 M. Polechko s.n

) Mag 2007 L. Speedy, C.

Tracey and E. Trexler 07-967 G5?:54

Nyctaginaceae

Mirabilis jalapa L., 1965 F. Swalga s.n. Tropical America

Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM, 1958 JE. Belles s.n.

Nymphaeaceae

Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. F. ssp. advena, 1984 M. Polechko s.n.

[Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. f.

Nymphaea odorata Ait. ssp. odorata, 2007 L Speedy, C. Tracey and

S. Stewart 07-990

Oleaceae

Fraxinus americana L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1211

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. 1954 LK. Henry and WE. Buker s.n.

nt ton Manan. 2007 gona pc ind

Chamerion angustifolium (L) Holub ssp. circumvagum, 1908 OE.

Jennings s.n.

Circaea alpina L. ssp. alpina, 2008

er L2 rat 2007 L Spa C Tracey, S. Stewart, T.

Vechter and E. Trexler 07-795 [Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canaden-

sis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus]

ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1125

coloratum Biehler, 09-896

Epilobium hirsutum L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1019 Europe

, 200

L, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1321-2

Oenothera perennis L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-612

Oenothera villosa Thunb. ssp. villosa, 2009 L. Speedy 09-805

Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf, 1974 W.E. Buker s.n

odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir, 1996 JS. Shiver, A. Shriver

and C,

; Smith 756

Spot cale Ait, 2007 L Spe 356

Liparis liliifolia (L) L.C.

ee ee ee eh A qid eum esit alc"

Ea cia

Conopholis americana (L) Wallr., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0434

Epifagus virginiana (L) W. Bart, 2009 L. Speedy 09-1084

Orobanche uniflora L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0180

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis grandis Small, 1945 OE. Jennings s.n.

Oxalis montana Raf., 2008 L. Speedy 08-626 [Oxalis acetosella

auct. non

Oxalis stricta L., 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-439

Oxalis violacea L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0239

Papaveracese —-

Chelid: var. majus, 2008 L. Sp dy 08-381 E

———M—

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca americana L. var. americana, 2008 L. Speedy 08-954

Plantaginaceae

yo: 20001 4

Plantago major L 1982 M. Cipollini s.n. s.n. Europe

Plantago ii Dcne., 1994 B.L. Isaac and J.A. Isaac 6792

Plantago virginica L, 1904 O.E. Jennings s.n.

das MO ECO E.

Platanaceae

Platanus occidentalis L., 2008 L. Speedy 07-1795-1

agost scabro Wild, 2009 Speedy 09914

Andropogon gerardi Vitman, 2008 L Speedy 08.1294

20091 Speedy

and B. Poglein 09-861 65:53 [Andropogon virginicus L. var.

abbreviatus (Hack.) Fern. & Grisc.]

A talas. 2007 1. pag asl 1792

Aristida dichotoma Michx., pg $n.

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J. & K. Presi var. elatius, 2008 L.

Speedy 08-627 Europe.

"à EE nr, & Coville, 2009

L Speedy 09-616

{Sch B 2008 L. Speedy

and D. White 08-1241

hona CIC d ra

Bromus clans L-1946 LK Hemy

1947 MS. Lewis s.n

(Cyprip. oli, MARIA \ e. m

helleborine (L. Cot XP Speedy 09618 Europe

Galearis spectabilis (L) Raf, 1904

Goodyera (Willd ) R. Br. Met xt ipsi udi

lsotria verticillata Raf., 1968 J. Rummel s.n

Rich ex Ker-Gawl., 1942 WH. Wagner 720

EL Rich, 1968 A.G. Shields s.n.

fissa HE Br.) Lindl., 2002 B. Poglein s.n. [Habenaria

ay]

Panero loa (L) Und var. flava, 2009

orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl., 1961 J. Mash T

Spiranthes cernua (L.) L.C. Rich., 2008 L. Speedy 08-13

Pede icm (Raf) Raf. var. gracilis, 1952 LK. Ii dl t.

Mon. 5 ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb., 1996 J.S. Shriver, A. Shriver

and C. Smith

Bromus latiglumis (Scribn. guie QUAN

08-790 [Bromus altissimus Pursh]

peas y a pe lp e

Cina arundinacea L, 2009 L. Speedy 09913

2009 L. Speedy 09-1005

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes, 2009 L.

09-646 —

Pied hali Ca Y

ld S.C Ciak uar arrani

tum, 2008 L. S

814 [Panicum boscii Poir]

Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1291

[Panicum clandestinum L.]

ah, MA axo TD. z c

Id & C.A. Clark, 2009 | Speedy 09-

DA Schultes) Gould. 2009 | Speedy

09-660 [Panicum commutatum J.A. es]

E o CE Wood 2095

884

Dichanthelium poca (L.) Gould var. dichotomum, 2009 L.

Speedy 09-654 [Panicum dichotom

E pe e Harville, pl L ¡pad and C. Rogers

1 [Panicum latifolium L]

ex Na sh) G

Id, 2009 L. Speedy

09-0429 [Panicum linearifolium Scribn. e:

Dichanthelium dinis nse (Desv. ipiis B.F. Hansen &

Wunderlin, 1937 O.E. jetcings s s.n. [Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.]

Dichonthellóm. sabulorum Xen Gould & C.A. Clark var. thinium,

009

Crh RR AU

ex Muhl., 2009

e L. 09-802 E

Digitaria yis (L.) eun 1995 F.H. Utech 95-880 Europe

Echinochl s (L.) Beauv., 2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers

var. muricata, 2007 L. Speedy,

C. Tracey and S. Stewart 07-998 Eur

Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix, 2008 L. pi 08-777 [Hystrix patula

Elymus repens (L.) Gould, 2009 L. Speedy 09-931 Eurasia

E ingeri G. Tucker, 2008 L. Speedy pera

toros capillaris (L.) Nees, 2008 L. S

tis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P., 1952 L.K. Atc UN Beer s.n.

E ta tis minor Host, 1995 F.H. Utech 95-875 Europe

Eragrostis Sii (Michx.) Nees ex Jedw. var. pectinacea, 2009

pee

Eragrostis spectbii (Pursh) spr ders F. +H. Utech 95-897

nan

Ao acre nu 1945 "n E polo s.n. Eur

t dida "o Alexeev, 2009 L. eed, 09-670

[Festuca obtusa Bieh

Glyceria abit dine ) Trin., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and S.

Stewa

EN mela (Michx.) F.T. Hubbard, 2009 L. Speedy and C.

os striata it A.S. Hitchc., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0549

Speedy 09-0557 beris

ssp. multiflorum, 2009 L. Speedy 09-626 Europe

— vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1346

iion iud ar. cisatlanticum, 1965 A.G. Shields s.n.

Muhlenbergia frondosa Apik b dine pr E aes s.n.

peedy

Muhlenbergia pale DEA ex Maier » Trin., peto L. Speedy

08-1049

boo sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray, 2008 L. Speedy

Auhlenb ifl. 1) B.S.P, 2009 | Speedy 09-1090

Panicum capillare L., 1995 F.H. Utech 95 5-882

Panicum e Michx. var. dichotomiflorum, 2008 L.

Panicum gatinger Nash, 2007 E opti. de 1686

20091 Speedy and

ana

B. Poglein or.

hl., 2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers 08-1271

ar. virgatum 2008 | Speedy 0 8-1006

Phalaris arundinacea L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-625

Phleum pratense L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-630 Europe

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1982 G. Yakub s.n.

Poa alsodes A. Gray, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0207

Poa compressa L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0421 Europe

Poa cuspidata Nutt., 1946 L.K. Henry s.n

Poa i L., 2009 edy 09-056

nsis L. ssp. pratensis, 2007 L. rd peedy 07-696 Europe

ieg. ssp. saltuensis, 2008 L. Speedy 08-500

Poa sylvestris A. Gray, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0234

Poa trivialis L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-600 Europe

Schizachyrium —— (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium, 2008 L.

Speedy

Setaria faberi in. 2009 L. S 09-803 Asia

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes ssp. pumila, 2008 L.

Speed 78E

-12 urope

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. var. viridis, 1994 W.A. Zanol 3509 Eurasia

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, 2009 L. Speedy 09-1073

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., 1949 J.W. Smith s.n. Mediterranean

ion

napi n" Bosc ex Link, 2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers

Sphénopfioll intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb., 1945 O.E. Jennings s.n.

D phenopholis obtusata vat. majo or]

(N 2009 L. Speedy 09-0558

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Wood, 1995 F.H. Utech

tin im (L.) A.S. Hitchc. var. flavus, 1995 F.H. Utech 95-887

Triticum aestivum L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-511 Eurasia

Zea mays L. ssp. mays, 1909 D.R. Sumstine s.n. Tropical America

Polemoniaceae

Phlox divaricata L. ssp. divaricata, 2008 L. Speedy 08-330

Phlox maculata L. ssp. maculata, 1981 FH. Utech 81-117

Phlox maculata L. ssp. (dba essai 1953 L.K. Henry and FH. Beer s.n.

Phlox paniculata L., 09-634

Phlox stolonifera Siria: siot L. Speedy 08-0248

one subulata L. ssp. posae ig iie E reste! and J.A. Isaac 6871

Pi ar. peedy 08-0215

reptan. s,

Polyga

c abide Nutt., 1951 W.E. pcd Beer s.n. [Polygala

verticillata L. var. lis nu Wood]

Polygala — Willd., 2

Polygala sanguinea L., 2009 L. dece iia Longe OON

Polygala piso ee L., 2009 L. Speedy and B. Poglein 09-860

Po = naceae

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, 1908 O.E. Jennings s.n

faliopia cilinodis (M ies Holub, 2009 L. Speedy pos yet

us (L ver $^ 1990 F.H. Utech 90-1270 Eurasia

di 104 .) R. Decr., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1203 Asia

Fallopia aches F Schmidt) R. Decr., 2008 L. Speedy a

hite 3

opia scandens Ae ui 2007 L. Speedy 07-1793 [Polygonum

anden

Persicaria o amphibia (L) S.F. Er p.p., 2008 L. Speedy 08- 1344

Muhl. ex Willd. var. emersa (Michx.)

Hi ckman]

Persicaria onl (L.) Haralds., 2007 L. Speedy 07-551 [Polygonum

arifoli

eeoa hydropiper (L. ) Delarbre, ON " "peer 08-1318 Eurasia

i Speedy 08-1345

[Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.]

2008 L. Speedy 08-1264 Asia

Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n-

Europe

Persicari

lis (L.) Spach, 1968 W. Cuppett s.n. India

AA Ae es AE I I + £i. T f +

Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. Gomez, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1127

[Polygonum pensylvanicum L.]

D. " ] er A nn Ml yan

2008 L. Speedy

08-430 Asia

Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1260 [Polygonum

punctatum Ell.]

cios a (L.) Gross., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1063 [Polygonum

m L.]

Pear "i (L.) Gaertn., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1068 [Polygonum

rginianum L

Polygonum avaro E Ius — 1 iet eis Zanol 3541 Europe

y, Pennsylvania 885

Hepatica nobilis Schreber var. acuta, 2008 L. Speedy 08-0052

nemone acutiloba (DC.) G. Lawson

var. € 2008 L. Speedy 08-950

epatic — (DC.) awl.]

Hydrastis RN 009 L. oo. 09-0160 G4:54

Ranunculus corns A png L. didi kind

Hepatica € Schreber

Frurane

Ranunculus UE Britt., 1952 L K. Hy a F.H. Beer s.n.

Ranunculus bulbosus bud cosmic Lewis s.n. Eur

anunculus hispidus Michx. var. caricetorum, ion L. Speedy LS-07-

295 [Ra clus anoetar sah ne

his,

Rumex acetosella L., 1993 W. A. ril 1551 Eura

ri . Speedy 09- eem Europe

ui Europe

Rumex verticillatus L., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

Pontederi

Heather eun (Jacq.) MacM., 1904 A.E. Ortman s.n. [Zosterella

bia acq.) MacM.]

Portulac

D ucc. nae Michx., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0030

Claytonia virginica L. var. virginica, 2008 L. ee 08-0170

rtulaca oleracea L., 1967 A.G. Shields s

Potamogetonaceae

Potamoget: s L., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and E. Trexler

E. rdiet Raf., 2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers 08-923

epihydrus Raf., 2009 L. Speedy 09-918

ogeton foliosus Raf. ssp. foliosus, 2009 L. Speedy 09-922

er ton nodosus Poir., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey and S.

b. 7

geton spirillus Tuckerman, 1984 M. Polechko s

tipa tinata (L.) Búerner, 2008 L. Speedy, J.A. bk B.L. Isaac

Primulac

Carey isin L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0569

osi nummularia L., 1965 A.G. ue s.n. pee

Lysimachia quadrifolia L., 2008 L. Speedy 08

simachio n pcs yn à A S.P., 1968 A.G. Peris

M. Bowers od 931 Eurasia

Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. sarai 2007 L. Speedy LS-07-305

Pyrolaceae

ee maculata (L.) Pursh, 2009 L. Speedy and C. Rogers

09-5

81 Speedy an

Pyrola americana Sweet, 1971 W.E. Buker

Pyrola elliptica Nutt., 1994 B.L. Isaac and J. x — 6886

Ranunculac

Actaea era Ell., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0292 [Actaea alba auct.

non (L.) P. Mill.)

Actaea podocarpa DC., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1266 G4:S3 [Cimicifuga

americana Michx

Art, 1 008

Speedy 08-1322 [Cimicifuga racemosa

Anemone code: L., 1945 O.E. Jennings s

emone ao L. var. quinquefolia, ane L. Speedy 08-331

g virginiana, 2008 L. Speedy 08-724

Aquileg densis | pp Speedy 08-018

Caltha Espe L. var. palustris, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey

LS-07-337

lematis virgini 2008 L. Speedy 08-886

Coptis trifolia (L.) rigors ers E Rummets. s.n.

Ficaria verna Huds

! 2009 | Speedy 09- 0208

Ranunculus hispidus Midi var. teen 2009 L. Speedy 09-0214

Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir.

Ranunculus recurvatus Poir., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0210

Ranunculus repens L., 2009 L. Ap — ae Europe

Thali i (Britt.) dy 08-418-2 G4:52

Thalictrum dioicum L., 2008 L eee

Thalictrum pubescens Pursh, 2009 L. S aiiud

Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin, 2009 3 ME 09-0150

Rhamnaceae

incon americanus L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-687

Rosacea

pond gryposepala Wallr., 2009 L. € cuni

Agrimonia parviflora Ait., 2009 L. Speedy 09

Agrimonia pubescens Wallr., 2007 L. Speedy ion e

Agrimonia striata Mti a L. Speedy 09-811

(M ) Fern., 2009 L. Speedy 09-1093

Amelanchier laevis eva 2009 L. Speedy 09-0451

Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0219

[Amelanchier olla i ieg.]

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern., 1957 M.S. Li

rpa abana var. poe, 2009 L. Speedy 09-

=5 3

Crataegus intricata Lange, ri 1 Speedy 09-0159-1

Crataegus ined as dite Srp sped E SÉ E dis:

02.0122.»

y a

Crataegus punctata Jacq, a paiia ios

Crataegus schuettei Ashe, 2009 L. Speedy 09

letra ovis (Hill) B.L. Robins., 2009 d eun 09-632-2

ss vesca ssp. vesca, 2008 L. Speedy 08-0266

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne ssp. virginiana, 2008 L. Speedy

08-0

m canadense Jacq. var. canadense, 2008 L. Speedy 08-594

cam laciniatum Murr. var. gs odi iui E ents 09- nda

L.) Moench, 2008

trifoliatus (L.) B

— coronaria n e sp 2007 L. Speedy 07-790-1 [Malus glauce-

Malis spumio P. Mill., 2008 L Speedy 08- ne Ae

L. Speedy

08-1210 [Aronia a melanocarpa (Michx jag

jagen opulifolius (L.) Maxim. var. opulifolius, 2008 L. Speedy

08-389B

var. canadensis, 2008 L. S dy 08-0178

onspeliensis, 2008 | ‘Speedy 08-1074

Potentilla recta L, 1946 H iue s.n. Europe

Prunus avium (L.) L., 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey LS-07- 339 —

886

Prunus mahaleb L., 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey, S. Stewart, T. Vechter

and E. Trener pc "n"

Dy ylvanica, 2008

L. Speedy 08-0150

Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina, 2008 L. Speedy 08-388C

Prunus virginiana L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-706

Rosa carolina L. var. carolina, 2007 L. Speedy, C. Tracey, S. Stewart,

Techs ter and E: — r 07-802

008 M

Ros palustris Marsh., 1968 J. m Ahlbor

M der acia = 957 M.S. Lewis s.n. a rope

Porter var. allegheniensis, 2009 L. Speedy

Au na. Aci

09-0244

Rubus calbarda L; pe O. s Jennings s s.n.

Rubus s hispidus L., cesses fs edy 668

Rubus occidentalis L., 2008 L. rine 08-389G

Rubus odoratus L. var. odoratus, 2008 L. Speedy ci

Rubus pensilvanicus Poir., 2008 L. Speedy 08-389

dei plicatifolius Blanch., 1908 O.E. Jennings s

ubescens Raf. var. pubescens, 2007 L. ones 07-1116

5 ae americana Marsh., 1968 D. Bowman s.n.

Roi var. alba, 2009 L. Speedy 09-66

Spiraea j resi L. f. var. fortunei, 2009 L. oi us 674 Japan

Spiraea tomentosa L., 2008 L. Speedy and M. B

Waldsteinia fogorides (Michx.) Tratt. ssp. rte 2009 L.

Speedy

meee

: lint

081 Speedy and M. Bowers 08-924

Galium aparine L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-332

eedy e C. Tracey 07-981

m triflorum Michx., 2008 L. io 08-95

Galium verum L. var. verum, 1935 W.R. vender s.n. Eurasia

Houstonia caerulea L., 2007 L. spese] P

Mitchella repens L., 2009 L. Speedy 09

Selicacene

lid l 2008 L Speedy 08-0093

Populus tremuloides Michx., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

Salix discolor Muhl., 200 p . Spe 40

Salix A Michx.,

pave and: M. Bower -927

m., 2007 pao edy and C. Ties 07-1502 G5:S4

[Salix x subsericea (Anderss.) Schneid.]

Salix sericea Marsh., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0194-2

Saxifragaceae

Ch leni

Schwein. ex Hook., 2008 L. Speedy

Heuchera americana L. var. americana, 2008 L. Speedy 08-683

Tene: pensyivanica (L. ) deus e. ke E. Jennings s.n.

8 L. Speedy 08-337

Mitella diphylla L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0224

Tiarella cordifolia L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-346

Scrophular

Au bern iu (Raf.) Raf., 2007 L. Speedy 07-1111

Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n

ecd virginica (L. ) Pennell, pen : Speedy 08- 816

vi ange Speedy na 510 =

0 Europe

Chelone glabra L., 2008 L. Ab 08-1168

" lalahan D E F hi P £T. TEM

Gratiola neglecta Torr., 2009 L. Speedy 09-624

Linaria vulgaris P. Mill., 1990 F.H. Utech 90-1231 Eurasia

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia, 2008 L. Spee

Mel ampyrum "ineore Desr. var. lineare, 1908 o. E Annas s.n.

Mimulus alatus Ait., 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey 07-1496

Mimulus ringens L. var. iini s, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1144

iculari rscanaden p. canadensis, 2009 L. pepe -815

talis nee ex vane 2009 L. Spee

Penst Ait., 1945 O.E. Jennings s.n. G5: a

Srp lanceolata Pursh, 2008 L. Speedy 08-438

Scrophui T ria marila ndica L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-791

Verbascum blattaria L., 1982 M. Cipollini s.n. iyen

Verbascum = — rE 1954 M.S. Lewis s.n. Europ

Vero a Schwein. ex Benth., 1948 E. pe s.n.

pattie al ps tica L., 1964 A.G. Shields

Veronica arvensis L., 2 L.K. Henry s.n. ninos

Veronica officinalis L 9 L. Speedy 0

Veronica T Ua ssp. sears os L.K. Henry and W.E.

Buke

lu]

Ve i irgini (L.) Farw., 2008 L Speedy 08-879

Simaroubaceae

Anc AMO CY QE Brae

2009 L. Speedy 09-1071 Asia

Smilac

pis ilax sa AE jh J.A. Shafer s

milax herbac 1987 F.H. Utech 87- 1006

ake fdo L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-962

CUAD

hylla N h 2008 L. Speedy 08-80.

Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata; 1990 F.H. Utech pa

[Physalis subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush]

e L. var. carolinense, 2008 L. Speedy 08-1117

L. var. dulcamara, 1952 L.K. Henry and FH.

ysalis

Solanum carolinens

Solanum dulcamara

Beer s.n. Eurasia

Penta eae

Sparganium americanum Nutt., 2009 L. Speedy 09-

Spang Rehmann, 2009 L. Speedy po C. Rogers

09-1075 [Sparganium DD Rydb.]

Staphyleaceae

Staphylea trifolia L., 2007 L. Speedy 07-1804

Tiliaceae

Tilia americana L. var. americana, 2009 L. Speedy 09-797

Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla, 2008 L. Speedy 08-993

Typhacea

Typhaan mee L., 2007 L. Speedy d C. Tracey 07-1514 Europe

Typha latifolia L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-11

Ulmaceae

Celtis occidentalis L., 2008 L. Speedy and M. Bowers 08-1 352

Ulmus americana L., 1955 J. Chunko & C. Empfield s.n.

Ulmus rubra Muhl., 2008 L. Speedy 08-388

Urt

Misses: cylindrica (L.) Sw., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1261

Laportea ae is ) Weddell, 2008 L. Men 08-420

Pilea pumila (L.) A y, 2008 L. Speedy 08-13

Urtica dioica L. ssp. ric 1953 L.K. Henry ui É H. Beer s.n.

Valerianaceae

Valeriana officinalis L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0586 Eurasia

Valerianella a o (Pursh) DC., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0240

Verbenaceae

Phryma leptostachya L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1031

r iti

Pennsylvania

Verbena hastata L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-1136

Verbena urticifolia L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-799

Violaceae

Viola bicolor Pursh, 2008 L. Speedy 08-0092

Viola blanda Willd. var. blanda, inet L. Speedy 09-0153

Viola canadensis L. var. canadensis, 2008 L. Speedy 08-406

Viola cucullata Ait., 2009 L. ba es 0280

Viola hastata Michx., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0298

Viola hirsutula Brainerd, 1952 L.K. Henry and jig Beer s.n.

Viola labradorica Schrank, 2009 L. Speedy 09

Viola lanceolata L. ssp. lanceolata, 2008 L. sea Ú 1286

Viola carac Hoya Sp pallens, AUT E speedy, S Stewart andC.

Viola pants E 2009 E Speedy 09-0146

Viola pubescens Ait., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0162 [Viola pubescens var.

ray]

var. ovata, 1953 L . Beer s.n.

sagittata Ait. var. sagittata, 1952 L.K. Henry und F.H. Beer s.n.

Vici sororia Willd., 2008 L. Speedy 08-0304

Viola striata Ait., 2008 L. Speedy 08-388E

Viola tricolor L., 2007 L. deinem LS-07-44 Europe

se]

Mi x uaa Grover ex Cooperrider, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H.

Beer s.n.

Viola x eclipes H.E. Ballard, 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

ceae

rthenocissus estate (L.) Planch, 2009 L. Speedy 09-1074

Vitis aestivalis M var. bicolor, aa L. Speedy 08-444

Vitis labrusca L. ipl L. Speed

Vitis vulpina L., 1993 W.A. Zanol nee

GYMNOSPERMS

Cupressaceae

J ip irgini L. var. virginiana, 2009 | Speedy 09-1091

Pinaceae

P. Mill, 2 L. Speedy and C Rogers 09-1076-1 Europe

Pinus rigida P. Mill., 1952 L.K. Chen i FH

Pinus strobus L., 2008 L. Speedy 08

Pinus sylvestris L., 2009 L. Speedy ini 2 Eurasia

Pinus virginiana P. Mill., 1952 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n.

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., 2008 L. Speedy 08-357

Taxaceae

Taxus canadensis Marsh., 1927 E. Oberlin s.n. G5:5354

PTERIDOPHYTES

Aspleniaceae

pnm montanum Age E 2 L. Isaac and J. 2 pens 3088

9 | Spee dy 0 096

Asplenium rhizophyllum L., 2008 L. speedy 08-0054

008 L. Speedy 08-436

L ssp PRA 2008 L. Speedy 08-454

ssp. auadrivalen

iai

Dennstaedtiaceae

20081 Speedy 0

ids aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. ie 2008 E ci

452

Athyrium angustum (Willd.) K. Presl, 1954 L.K. Henry and W.E. Buker

sn [Att . ££ Pi 2: d, n $n $4 dee. ir. 1

887

Athyrium potete ipai ) A A. Eat, Je L.K. rene s.n.

L.L. Smith 940

2090

008 L Speedy 08-465

Cystopteris tenuis (Michx) Desv, 2008 L. sis edy 08-459

es (Sw.) M. Kato, Es L. Speedy 08-985

“(Athyrium theypterioides (Michx. ) Desv.

rint

Cystopteris fragilis (L) vars — i " Wood

peedy 09-0202

Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray, 2007 L. Speedy = M. Bowers 07-871

Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray, 1913 J. Bright s.n.

oes intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray, 2008 L. Speedy

953

Dryo bias sees (L.) A. bae ie L. Speedy 08

Dryopteris x ry, 1994 B.L. Isaac and J. s nds 6857

Gymnocarpium

Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro, M r Speedy 08-984-2

nona sensibilis L, 20081. pet edy 08

2008 L. Speedy 08-462

Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. ssp. obtusa, 2008 L. Speedy 08-441

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense L., 2008 L. Speedy rd

nie fluviatile L., 2007 L. Speedy LS-0

Equisetum hyemale L., 1982 G. Yakub s.n. ena hyemale ssp.

affine (Engelm.) Calder & Taylor]

Equisetum sylvaticum L., 1965 A.G. Shields s.n.

Isoetaceae

Isoétes engelmannii A. Braun, 2008 L. Speedy, J.A. Isaac, B.L. Isaac

and BSWP 08-1022

Lycopodiaceae

Dendrolycopodium dendroideum Mie s 2009 L. Speedy

09-617 [Lycopodium dendroideum M

r INE obscurum (L.) ane 2n L. Speedy and D.

ite 46 [Lycopodium obscurum L.]

BB iit iin (Dill. ex A. sau Holub, 2009 L. Speedy

09-04

cis saath tristachyum (Pursh) Holub, 2009 L. Speedy and C.

Di os m x habereri (House) Holub, 1945 O.E. Jennings s.n.

ae dise (Michx.) Trevisan, 2008 L. Speedy 08-37

Lycopodium clavatum L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-024

jode annotinum (L.) Haines, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey LS-

24 [Lycopodium annotinum L.]

Ophioglossa

mea Senate kai E en var. angustisegmentum,

1952 L.K. Henry ang F. ne

11) A. Braun ex Koch

5 C. William

Ries virginianus ve ) rl 2008 L. Speedy 08-0149 [Botrychium

virginianum (L.) Sw.]

E dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon, 2007 L. Speedy and C. Tracey

7 [Botrychium dissectum Spreng.]

Osmu

minis regal L., 1957 M.S. siia s.n.

L) K. Presl, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0283

[Osmunda cinnamomea L.]

e o claytonianum (L.) Tagawa, 2009 L. Speedy and C.

09-593 [Osmunda claytoniana L.]

Pol ds

Rimini 'appalachianum Haufler & Windham, 1994 B.L. Isaac

6825

cae ca L., 2008 L. Speedy 08-952

8 1 Ingel D PUE E D APO £T. TET

88 ¿YU "

Pteridac Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0238

Adiantum L., 2009 L. Speedy 09-0 Thelypteris o a ^ Weatherby

Pellaea pupa (L.) Link, 2007 L. rigen Tracey, S. Stewart, Thelyp 2008 L. Speedy 08-1163

er and E. Trexler 07-811

Thelypteridace

Parathelypteris ditat (L.) Ching, 2009 L. Speedy 09-0448

[Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl.]

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our thanks go to the Wild isnt a Fund of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and

Natural Resources for partial i k. For field work assistance, we thank Mark Bowers, Mike

Lange, Cindy Rogers, Shasta Sicut: Chris Tracey, Ed Trexler, Tim Vechter, Delia White and members of the

Botanical Society of Western Pennsylvania. Landowners who provided permission to explore their property

include Charles Altemus, Barry Poglein, Cheryl Porter, the Ryen family, the Yarnick family, Indiana County

Parks and Trails, Musser Forests and the North American Coal Company. We are also thankful to Amanda

Juretic for data entry. We thank reviewers for helpful comments.

REFERENCES

BRUMMITT, R.K. AND C.E. jets 1992. m in gel names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Busovicki, J.F. 2003. P i unty. Arcadia la Publishing, Sharestan, aout) Carpina;

DCNR. 2004. Invasive plants of lala htt

PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 2007. Pennsylvania noxious weed control list. http://www. pacode. com/se-

cure/data/007/chapter1 a iom jns

PENNSYLVANIA // d tat lep/ deputate/ watermgt/WC

KARTESZ, J.T. 1999. A synonomized checklist atid atlas with’ biological macributes for the vascular flora of the United

States, Canada and Greenland. First ed. In: Kartesz, a, and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American flora,

Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel H

RHOADS, A.F. AND W.M. KLEIN, JR. 1993. The vascular ae " Pennsylvania: annotated checklist and atlas. American

jas noem cni Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

RHOADS, A.F. AND T.A. BLOCK 2000. The plants of Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania

THE dia CONSERVANCY dios nois Element Ranking List - Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program. http: / Ww.

USDA. 1968. Soil sinn of Indiana Couns Jona hone USDA Soil Conservation Service. US Government Printing

Office, Washington, D.C.

NYMPHOIDES HUMBOLDTIANA (MENYANTHACEAE)

IN UVALDE COUNTY, TEXAS—A NEW RECORD FOR THE U.S.A.

Nicholas P. Tippery' and Donald H. Les Casey R. Williams

D y Biology Department of Biology

Univer. sity af Connecticut Texas State University

Storrs, Connecticut 06269, U.S.A San Marcos, Texas 78666, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

luf :ifisd AT

Uvalde County, Texas, indica (L.) Kuntze, are deter-

LY 1. : T E *

only in Texas but also in the United States.

RESUMEN

pl i xr p! PI FL 1 M 1 J Din N: (C dd SE ees, E ,T ^ = = : N tact.)

Kuntze, h ido id ificad des " AS xr hold nr h\ LU $

menta el primer registro de la senile no solo en Texas, si

Saunders (2005) previously reported the existence of an isolated population of Nymphoides from Uvalde

County, Texas, which he identified as N. indica (L.) Kuntze following the broad species concept proposed by

Ornduff (1969). Although Ornduff (1969) recommended the synonymy of the Old World tropical species N.

indica and the morphologically similar New World N. eco Atina a Kuntze, a recent phylogenetic

study by Tippery and Les (2011) argued that th

The rn old me other hom have noted between N. busholdtiana and N. indica re-

flects in part tl d within Old wore N. miea. This species spepries plants from a

wide Seca docal range that vary in diagnostic cl p l morphology

(Tippery & Les 2011). Various Nymphoid ltivati d th |

indica by Saunders (2005) may Es EEEN, as PEE] Aiba the Texas sechs may represent

the northern range extent of N. humboldtiana, a species that occurs naturally in México.

In order to confirm the identification of N. indica in Texas, we collected and analyzed material from the

locality described by Saunders (2005). We extracted and sequenced genomic DNA for one nuclear (ITS) and

one chloroplast PORE QU. region, Florie He methods reported by Tippery and Les (2011). Newly ob-

tained DNA bers JF930150 (ITS) and JF930151

(matK/trnK). As a result of this. approach, we ascertained that the Texas plants did not match N. indica but in-

stead were identical genetically to N. humboldtiana specimens at diagnostic sites in both nuclear and chloro-

plast gene regions (Tippery & Les 201 H

onsequently. th D for the N hoid i g in Uvalde County i is N. humbold-

tiana. Thi i llyin in North and South Mus ion Uruguay north to southern Tamaulipas,

México (Tropicos.org 2011), and it i bl xpect that it could persist in southern Texas also. The

broad verbia range of N. "URS? Pe was illustrated by Tippery and Les (2011), who determined that

plants from Brazil, Ecuador, and México all were genetically attributable to this species. Prior to our study,

however, the northernmost known population of N. humboldtiana was approximately 750 km south of the

population reported here (Tropicos.org 2011). As a result of this study, we have identified the Nueces River

plants as the only known instance of N. humboldtiana in the United States and also the northernmost locality

lor the species.

M ussent de n £ Dinlaniral Cri Inj ; £u " "TW Whi Wh. in E210N

g y , U.S.A. *Correspondent: tipperyn@uww.edu

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 889 — 890. 2011

8 | af +h Dat tn D hi poe £T. CIs

Voucher specimens: U.S.A. TEXAS. Uvald Uvalde, Nueces River, c. 200 m N of where CR-202 "

course, in gren water of spring, 0. ee E m ES A 08. d 99°53'44, ius rue iy. Tippery 331 T Les M bordes utens

Ri 0,5.6

iver.

29°10'53.44"N, 99°53'44.80"W, 13 Jul 2010, Williams 44 (SWT).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank E.L. Peredo and J.C. Villarreal for l ist ,and D.E. Lemke and J.C. Zech for their help-

ful comments. Field work for this project was funded in part by NSF grant DEB-0841658 to DHL.

REFERENCES

ORNDUFF, R. 1969. Neotropical Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae): Meso-American and West Indian species. Brittonia

21:346-352

SAUNDERS, K. 2005. First d of N ides indica (M I ) in Texas. Sida 21:2441-2443.

TiPPERY, N.P. AND D.H. LES. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in Nymphoides

itae Syst. Bot. Lo 111

TROPICOS.ORG. 2011. Database of the M ical Garden. Accessed August 2011.

Announcements 891

ANNOUNCEMENTS

2011 DELZIE DEMAREE TRAVEL AWARD RECIPIENTS

The 23rd Annual Delzie Demaree Travel Award was presented at the 57th Annual Systematics Symposium

(7-8 Oct. 2011) at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Two students were presented the Travel Award:

Aleksandar Radosavlievic, Chicago Botanic Garden and Northwestern University and Christin Fotis,

Southern Illinois, University Carbondale.

The 2011 Travel Awards were underwritten by 1) Delzie Demaree Travel Award Endowment, and 2)

Members of the Delzie Demaree Travel Award Committee.

Anyone interested in making a contribution to Delzie Demaree Endowment Fund, which supports the

travel award, may make contributions by VISA or MasterCard or by a check, payable to Botanical Research

Institute of Texas, to Barney Lipscomb, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76107-3400, U.S.A. 1-817-332-

7432; Email: barney@brit.org. Thank you.

THE 2012 APPLICATIONS FOR THE DELZIE DEMAREE TRAVEL AWARD

Applications for the 2012 Delzie Demaree Travel Award should include a letter from the applicant telling how

symposium attendance will benefit his/her graduate work and letter of recommendation sent by the major

professor. Please send letters of application to: Dr. Donna M.E. Ware, P.O. Box 8795, Herbarium, Biology

Department, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185-8795, U.S.A. 1-757-221-2799; Email:

ddmware@wm.edu. Applications may be sent to: Barney Lipscomb, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX

76107-3400, U.S.A. 1-817-332-7432; Email: barney@brit.org. The period for receiving applications will end

three weeks prior to the date of the symposium if a sufficient number of applications are in hand at that time.

Anyone wishing to apply after that date should inquire whether applications are still being accepted before

applying. The Systematics Symposium dates for 2012 are 12-13 October 2012.

The Delzie Demaree Travel Award was established in 1988 honoring Delzie Demaree who attended 35

out of a possible 36 symposia before he died in 1987. Delzie Demaree was a frontier botanist, explorer,

discoverer, and teacher. His teaching career as a botanist began in Arkansas at Hendrix College in 1922. He

also taught botany at the University of Arkansas, Navajo Indian School, Yale School of Forestry, Arkansas

A&M, and Arkansas State University at Jonesboro where he retired as professor emeritus in 1953. One of the

things he enjoyed most as a botanist was assisting students with their field botany research.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 891. 2011

892

REVIEWERS:

VOLUME 5 (2011)

A |

ar:

your Manic

T i Fal.

ly left out.

l Research Institute of Texas.

Thank you f

4 EJ Os

Abbott, J Fishbein, Mark Mcintosh, Terry Smith, Tyler

Re oe Pedro Fleming, Gary P. elgoza, Alicia now, Neil

Alban, Jo Gin dy Eliza Meyer, Harry Sorrie, Bruce A

Alford, Mai ac H Miller, Rick Spence, sn

Gar oya, "rin

Anderson, Loran C. : Moeller, Michael Sprunt, Sus

pa Ruiz, M.C. Ignacio

Asase, Alex Monterrosa, Jorge Steinmann, Rune Werner

: y Giguere, Stephen :

Austin, Daniel F. Gaiden te Olivo, r Sun, Fengjie

Baker, Bre Goyder, David Mueliner, Alexandra Nora Taggart, John

Baréa tr José Floriano Grayum, Michael Negritto, María de Los Angeles ^ Tebbitt, Mark

Barrie, Fred R. Nelson, John , Eric

Hammel, Barry

Ber E Nepal, Madhav errazas, Teresa

Blanchard Jr, OJ. (Skip) : esom, Gu Terrell, Edward E

Hartman, Ronald L.

Bosland, Paul yland, Ra Terry, Martin

Hayden, W. John :

Brown, de Martin Noyes, had D. ksam Joseph R.

Herrera A., Yolanda

Bryson, Charles T. f : Thompson, Ralph L.

Billie Jes C Hill, Steven Palmer, Reid Th As bet

Holmes Walter C., Pandit, Maharaj K. T pia d en h

Calvente, Alice s, Mar Patterson, Robert W. engrais gu

Carine, Mark : P PERES

Jani, Kev ans mn Turland, Nicholas J

Carter, J. Richard Janet lakn Pell, Susan K. T Bill

Chautems, Alain de: J Pennington, Terence OEREN

n Jerry G. s Peterson, Paul M Valdés, Jesus

Johnson, Leigh

Chong, Gen Planchuelo, Ana María van der wet Henk

Jones, Ronald L.

Clark, Dina Porter, J. Mark Versieux ardo

Clark, Lynn G. Keene, Jeremy Powell, A. Michael Villarreal- tani José A.

Peso ae S Kiel, Enel Price, Taina Matheson von Konrat, Matt

si Kiger, R A ff

iin pale ae "i Joseph H. amachandran, V.S. Walck, Je

Rehman, Tiana Franklin Wendt, Tom

Dávila, Nállarett , Roalson, Eric H. Wheeler,

ONG Stephen R.

End Lorence, David

ncina, po

Endress, Peter K. Luckeydoo, Lee

siad Mary MacRoberts, Michael

Ertter, Barbara Mansfield, Donald H.

Espejo-Serna, Adolfo artinez Alvarado, Domitila

Martinez-Millan, Marcel

neni

Mathews, Katherine G.

ard S.

ion as

Rohwer, Jens G.

Salywon, Andrew

Sharma, Prabha

Small, R.L.

Smith, James F.

Elisa

Whitten, bag Mark

itsell, Theo

Wunderlin, Richard P.

sisi Ruiz, Sergio

Zech, James C.

Index

893

INDEX TO 94 TITLES WITH 209 AUTHORS:

VOLUME 5 (2011)

We know you have a choice.

/ o re

A checklist of the liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts

yta) of Florida by GREGORIO DAUPHIN, RICHARD

SON—

A floristic inventory of ea

Highlands, and vicinity, Wyoming, U.S.A. by DAVE T. (ScoTT)

KESONIE ONALD L. $e ARTM AN—5(1):35

A floristic inventory of the Cimarron National Grassland (Kansas

and the Comanche bees Grassland (Colorado) s

BÉ Kun, B.E. Mason, ue RONALD L, sl aad gate

dy. KE KENTON L. ple GEORGE O. POINAR, JR., AND ALEX E.

BROWN—5(2)

1 1 RA 1

ting Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.

Alpine flora of Cerro Mohinora, Chihuahua, Mexico by J. ANDREW

MCDONALD, JORGE MARTINEZ, AND GUY L. Nesom—5(2):701

An annotated checklist of the vessan flora d Lippi

C AC

ounty,

JR.—5(2):855

Amititete Aaretti A 1 dol actarin de Q At

México

p t.

ANAI A

TONNE MARTÍNEZ-MONTES—5(2):707

7 7

AA E D

SAKURAGUI, E

MARIA JANUNZZI, RAFAEL iini XAVIER BORGES, AND VAGNER

ARNAUT DE TOLEDO—5(1):3

a new genus for Ecuador by LESLIE R. LANDRUM AND ) VLADIMIR

Morocio—5( EAD

ew hed ge (S } I

new n

ed the Mid-Atlantic

piedmont and Coastal Plain of the United States by Gary P.

FLEMING, JOHN B. NELSON, AND JOHN F. TOWNSEND—5(1):9

A new even nettle (Stachys: Lamiaceae) from the Southern

Appalachian Mountains by DERICK B. POINDEXTER AND JOHN B.

NELSON—5(2):

A new hybrid " en (Malvaceae) from Texas by WENDY

WECKESSER—5(1):41

A new noob te (Portulacaceae) from the Piedmont of

Virginia and North Carolina by STEWART. WARE—5(1):1

by KENTON L. CHAMBERS—5(2):4

A new species of Pentagonia cian Hippotideae) from

southern Peru by CHARLOTTE M. TAYLOR, JOHN P. JANOVEC, AND

Rov E. GENIS ap :505

A new variety of

from coastal atace Aaii California by ROGER RAICHE AND

JAMES L. REVEAL—5(1)

A nomenclatural ee in Viola (Violaceae) by R. JOHN LITTLE

2):633

ID. c re

1 12 A . Er L in [

AND ZACHARY S.

Rocers—5(2 ):63

A phylogenetic assessment of breeding igi and floral mor-

phology of N North American dont ON laceae) by

DEB NSEN pues R. MCDILL, AND

09 B. SIMPSON—5(1):159

A quantitative study of the veg ding the Taenidia

Louisiana by J G C M. ALLEN—5(2):849

(Musci: Daltoni ) in the

Americas by Piers MAJESTYK—5(2):553

dediti A : £L ; al

ina lat? Er A A L Li [e-hid `

F Ad m

ANID CUADI EC M.

Sa 843

lis (Pooid P Agrostidinae) a new

species for. California by PAUL M. PETERSON, ROBERT J. cpi

D R, DYL

DAVID ST AN NEUBAUER, RANDALL MORGAN, AND VER

YADON

ah, 1 1 ^

Nara El cal. 4 E E » d 1 ei: 5

geográfica y de la variación topográfica de una especie vul-

nerable by MONICA PAULSON PRIEBE Y JOSÉ L. LINARES—5(2):719

3 P

:4 €, £

A. AYMARD

ND GUSTAVO A. ROMERO-GONZALEZ—5(1 1:97

aos status of Croton bigbendensis (Euphorbiaceae): spe-

cies, r Variety, or informal variant? by BILLIE L. Tun mere

imientas” i

de la Amazonía ree (Brasil) by LUCIANO nk “yet

tino a RADA ÉLIA ADE

ALMEIDA Y ELSIE FRANKLIN GUIMARAES—5(1):25

Cue ao ¿Cyper raceae), a new species of — sect.

United States by BRUCE A. SORRIE, PATRICK D. MCMILLAN, BRIAN

VAN EERDEN, RICHARD J. LEBLOND, PHILIP E. HYATT, AND LORAN C

ANDERSON—5(1):45

Ct I 1 Linn r D. 4 fs

CYNTHIA M. MORTON AND LOREE SPEEDY—5(2):871

by A. MICHAEL POWELL AND ALLISON LEAVITT—5(1):273

kay ^ti suu eyi (Asteraceae) nuevo para Nuevo León,

México by Jo: VILLARREAL-Q., GEORGE S. HINTON Y EDUARDO

ESTRADA-C.— m 303

Clinal geographic variation in mescaline concentration among

Texas populations of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae) by

DIANA HULSEY, M. ABUL KALAM, PAUL DALEY, NORMA FOWLER, AND

MARTIN TERRY—5(2):677

£ L

E. ee A 1 n MA

JOHN L. CLARK—5(1):75

AMAVA-M ÁBO IE7 AND

Ecuador by JOHN L. CLARK—5(1):8

Columnea pygmaea oso Hiat a new species from north-

western Ecuador by JOHN L. CLARK AND JAMES F. SMITH—5(1):87

Crataegus ped desir aal var. dodgei (Rosaceae) new to North

N. LANCE—5(1):349

Cremosperma verticillatum (Gesneriaceae), a new species

from northwestern Ecuador by JOHN L. CLARK AND BRIAN R.

ra (2):499

£,

rth

central New Mexico, U U.S.A. by RONALD L. HARTMAN AND JILL E.

rugas 1% 33

fanla iS c

entre ‘Sudamérica E e shy Lucio LOZADA PÉREZ Y CLAUDIA

ALLARDO HERNANDE

Discovery of Rhync Buesa precaria (Fabaceae) in Everglades

National Park, joon S.A. by STEVEN W. WOODMANSEE AND

Jimi L. SADLE—5(2):83

894

Distribución y diversidad de la familia Poaceae en Chihuahua,

urango y Zacatecas, México by ARMANDO CORTÉS ORTIZ Y

LANDA Ta ARRIETA—5(2):689

. Stone: 10 December igncm March 2011.In Memoriam

M. JONATHAN ues ):38

ID X ML s e

de Zapalinamé, Coahuila, México — ENCINA D., FRANCISCO

J. ENCINA D. Y EFRÉN MATA R.—5(1):30

Endosperm and cotyledon areole da in per alan

subía amily Papilionoideae by JAMES A, LACKEY—5(1 1):2

F 7

Mand illa (A

FRANCISCA MORALES 5(2): 521

hi ` sb h h

EIA

a» JA)

CAMPREI| —

pe firs rst lude po Jamaica by WALTER S. JUDD, GRETCHEN M. lom,

5(2):725

Metal ^ la lem géneros Polypogon

xAgropogo ees api iai en Chile by Victor L. FINOT,

WILSON ULLOA, CARLOS M. BAEZA, ALICIA MARTICORENA Y EDUARDO

Ruiz—5(1):237

Naturalization of the nun's hood orchid (Phaius tankervilleae:

GANDY, CARMEL VANHOEK, AND hair PEMBERTON—5(1):337

Naturalized yellow cowhorn orchid, Cyrtopodium flav

(Orchidaceae), ao in od by R.W. PEMBERTON AND se

LiU Ton ):331

Eak A n H TER 1c

$ A E T. ,

nid £

sb 1 |

teworthy giosp

Arkansas by JAMES H. PECK AND BRETT E. SERVISS—5(1):321

ROBINSON—5(2):587

wth

KATZ, AND WILLIAM F. JENNINGS —5(1): nd

Fl NI

RICHARD ABBOTT AND RALPH L. THOMPSON—5(1):139

CARLOS G VEO) MACIAS; GLAFIRO J. es FLORES, MARCO A.

POURNAVAB—5(1):275

Geography and phylogeny of sexual diploid Erigeron strigosus

rer Vis Ad iMi ibvR NOYES AND

Eth n Fila

States by ALAN S. Week poda LEBLOND, BRUCE A. SORRIE,

C. THEO WITSELL, L. DWAYNE ESTES, KANCHI GANDHI, KATHERINE GOULD

MATHEWS, AND ATSUSHI EBIHARA—5(2):437

DULCINEA V. GROFF—5(2):577

Gomphrena serrata (Amaranthaceae) new to the flora of

Louisiana by nig ARLES M. ALLEN, RHONDA HAMPTON, AND BRIAN

EA MS 5 1:34

H } Ihig iL 2 IK;

“As steraceae), new for the vascular flora of queer and its

distribution i in North America by JOHN E PRUSIL— 5

1. KIRKBRIDE, JR. AND

R.T. OLSEN—5(2):62

Impatiens d (Balsaminaceae), a new scapigerous

bal fi Way 1, Western Ghats. India b NIL KUMAR,

M.K.R N P. SUJANAPAL, R. MEERA RAJ, K.A. SUJANA

AND MEM AOT 53

: 930-4 March 2011.

riam by JONATHAN GILES—5(1):38

Pibes pinitos in Texas by THOMAS F. de aid

ee n of Thomas Nuttall s ees S appe E to Lem

ALICIA LANDALE—5(1):109 -

, 2

Ai 1 : £,

th fS Mexico by J H , MARK

FISHBEIN, AND THOMAS R. VAN DEVENDER—5(1)

jg orid ie depa production of Lophophora williamsii

(Cactac

LT.

RTROL T,

BENNIE WILLIAMS, TEODOSO HERRERA, AND NORMA aroma 0 661

Llavea cordifolia (Pteridaceae), new for Texas and the United

States by ROBERT J. O'KENNON AND GEORGE M. Dau. JR.—5(1):351

Lomatium scr gues (Apiaceae) a new narrow endemic species

from north MARK E. DARRACH AND DAVID H.

Wicuen 512142

) tucky

URTNEY i GORMAN, MATT S. BRUTON, AND L. DWAYNE

by Cou

telea

B (Af : Asclepiadoideae), a new

ALEXANDER ae SE 101.

Mi ll tod

CUNECLEO

int the John Crow Mountains, Jamaica, with pae. on its con

servation status by WALTER S. JUDD, GRETCHEN M. IONTA, LORENA

ENDARA, AND KERON C. St. E. CAMPBELL—5(2):727

. CHAMBERS AND STEPHEN C. MEYERS—5(2):6

ae) CEDO-CAST.

. CASTANEDA- ¿ALVAREZ O. TORO- es "e

):469

Notes on the disintegration of Polygala (Polygalaceae), on

four new EIS for the flora of North America by J. RICH

ABBOTT—5(1):125

Ns de vascular plant collections from Calcasieu fo

Louisiana by NEYLAND, CHRISTOPHER REID, AND DAVID

ROSEN—5(2):83

Ida County.

Le INA

Seat new record for the U.S.A. by Mire: P. TIPPERY,

DONALD H. LES, AND CASEY R. WILLIAMS—5(2)

Bisous hygrophilus pesi tee eret oideae), a new

T ues n species from the wet bi orests of Costa Rica, eni

notes about section spec ni by J. SALCED!

R. pale any et N. CAS OL EE O. TORO-CHICA, AND

D.G. RABO US 53

Dhi. n £ rthern

TN Mexico. U s A. by BEN S. Lecten—5(2): d

North Carolina

U.S.A. by ALEXANDER KRINGS—5(2):86

ona bus ssimum (Polemo NS an overlooked

specie d Yukon Territory by DAVID F. MURRAY AND

REIDAR ELVEN—5(1):19

Putative he logical synapomorphies of Saxifragales and

eir major subclades by BARBARA S. CARLSWARD, WALTER S.

DD, DOUGLAS E. SOLTIS, STEVEN MANCHESTER, AND PA MELA S.

uae 5(1):179

Registro de una nueva localidad de Lophophora williamsii

(Cactaceae) a punto de oahuila,

éxico by JAIME SANCHEZ SALAS, GISE

ESTRADA CASTILLON, MARIO GARCIA ARANDA Y JORGE A. ALBA

a —5(2); 85

:p £ la hv MARIO

p a P ¡—5(2):471

Small-scale vascular plant species richness in southw si

Arkansas blackland prairies by BARBARA R. MACROBERTS, MICHA

H. MACROBERTS, AND C. THEO WITSELL—5(2):743

Index

Tres nuevas

de Mali (€ y

895

3 greater duckweed by DANIEL B. WARD—5(1):197

Study of the comparative wood anatomy of the species of

and Thesiaceae by CARLOS A. NORVERTO—5(2):643

M 7

Tobag go, an

Thomas Walter's ice by DANIEL B. WARD AND JOHN BECKNER

£ Ail ʻa /D,

ta nica y

Pan maby: FRANCISCO EE ):5

Two ea flowers of Trichilia (Meliaceae) in wena nican Amber

by KENTON L. CHAMBERS, GEORGE O. POINA

2):4 463

R, JR., AND ALEX E.

Two new species of Monopyle (Gesneriaceae) from northern

2):475 Ecuador by JEREMY KEENE, HARVEY E. BALLARD JR., AND JOHN L.

bsc ne xs 13

fe L hi $

Lib sel Leia (Erin)

7 b F 3

J. JUDZIEWICZ, ERIC

—— LANE D. GIBBONS, DAIN E ZIEGLER, Maret cabe

5(2):48

OL SEPSENWOL—

ndance and regeneration potential of semi-

deciduous forest fragments of the Ashanti Region of Ghana

PEIRSON—5(1):1

by DAMIAN TOM-DERY AND JOBST-MICHAEL SCHROEDER—5(2):733

INDEX OF 209 AUTHORS:

VOLUME 5 (2011)

by D MITRY V. GELTMAN, PAUL E. BERRY, RICARDA RIINA, AND JESS

Vascular flora of two conservation lands in Charlotte & Desoto

counties, Florida and notes on the flora of Florida by ALAN R

RANCK—5(2):815

Thank you for choosing Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas

bott, J. Richard—5(1):125, 139

Amaya-Marquez, Maris a sith 75

5(2):513

Barboza, Gloria saei si 255

Beckner, John )

Berry, Paul E E t.

Brett E. Serviss, —5(1):321

Brown, Alex E.—5(2):457, 463

Bruton, Matt S. NC

Bryson, Charles T.—5(2):85

Campbell, Keron C. St. Esas 225,727

Castañeda-Alvarez, N N.—5(1): 53; 5(2):469

pones Kenton L.—5(2):415, 457, 463,

Cortés O rtiz, Arm

5(2):677

Darrach, Mark E.—5(2):42

Dauphin, —— m

Davison, Paul G.—5(2):77

uck, ipis ):53; E

Denslow, Michael W.—5(1):327

Diggs, Jr, George M.—5(1):351

Early, Brian—5(1):341

Ebi

stam Jobat St n 81,87; ind 499,513

—5(2):68

iss Paul—

na D., Juan A. een 305

Endara, rt

— minia B.—5(2): is

Est wayne— es ; 5(2):437

PS Eduardo—5(1):303; 5(2):685

F. Murray, David F.—5(1):19

Finot, Víctor L.—5(1):237

Fishbein, Mark—5(1):67

Fleming, Gary P.—5(1):9

—— M Pournavab, Rahim—

die ia 661,677

Franck, Alan R.—5(2 e 15

Freire-Fierro, Alina—

do Hernández, nuda stas

andhi, Kanchi—5(2):4

con ebbe

Gar igi Mare 50) 685

tied E J ave 485

Geltman, Dmitry V.—5(1):143

Gereau, Pas

Gibbons, Lane D.—5(2):485

Giles, e 5(1):389

Giu Heppe Bovini Ao SU) 255

—5(2):707

Gorman, vinea in E.—5(1):343

Grandon, Jarrod—5(2):849

Groff, Dulcinea V.—

Pici Elsie Fandi» 255

Hampton, Rhonda—5(1):34

Hansen, Debra R.—5(1): hy

Hartman, Ronald —S(13, 357; 5(2):753

Henrickson, Jam

Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda- s12: 689

Herrera, Teodoso—5(2):661

Hinton, George anions

Hulsey, Diana—5(2):677

Hyatt, Philip E.—5(1):45

lonta, Gretchen M. Mond 725,727

ames H. Peck, —5(1):32

Janovec, John Miss

Janunzzi, Angela Mee

Jennings, Willi am F.—5(1

Judd, Walter S.—5(1):179; sov 725,727

Judziewicz, hides J.—5(2):48

Kalam, M —5(2):677

Katz, Pina L. dibs 2327

Keene, Jeremy—5(2):51

Krings, Aecndal--50): osi 5(2):475, 867

Kuhn, Bernadette — v =

Kumar, N. Anil—5(1

Lackey, James A. eae Am

L 5(1):34

Landrum, Leslie R.—5(1):105

Larson, Jill E.—5(1):33

Leavitt, Allison—5(1):27

LeBlond, Richard J. deis :45; 5(2):437

Legler, Ben S.—5(2)

, R. John—5(2):633

Liu, H.—5(1):3

Lorenzetti, Emi DA 311

Lozada Pérez, Lucio—5(1):29

Martinez, Jorge—5(2):701

Martínez-Montes, Erika pS 707

Mata R., Efrén—5(1):3

Mathews, Katherine colds 437

McDill, Jos ih a R.—5(1):15

McDona Andr eim I 5(2):701

McMillan, Ser mig =

Meera Raj, R.—5(1):15

896

Megyeri, Krisztian—5(2):843

eyers, Ste — C.—5(2):619

Mithunlal—5(1):153

Morales, J. Fancisco- s 521,545

G dG

Nelson, B.E.—

O'Kennon, Robert : 5 351

Olsen, ace 5(2):6

Paulson Priebe, dod 719

— Jess—5(1):143

a 331, 337

iano Arauio

Pereira, Lt

Peterson, Paul M.—5(2 ie

Poinar, Jr., George O.

Poindexter, Derick B. st se Em :405

Powell, A. Michael—5(1):2

Pruski, John F.—5(1):

Quedensley, ied piii :471

Raiche, Roger—

Ramírez Freire, an 275

Ratheesh Narayanan, oa

Reid, Christopher—5(2):83

D sip a ee eee £T, cía

Reveal, James L.—5(1):25

Riina, Ricarda—5(1):143

—À Donald J.—5(1):337

Robinson, a

— chary S.—5(2):63

ero- pac Gustavo : —5(1):97

ie David J.—5(2):839

Ruiz, Eduardo—5(1):237

Sadle, Jimi L.—5(2):837

Sakuragui, eam Mónica—5(1):311

Salcedo-Castaño, J.—5(1):53; = 469

Sanche Salas, Jaimes ):68

Schr geo 733

D Sol—5(2): 485

Simpson, Beryl B.—5(1):159

Skojac, Jr., Daniel A.—5(2):855

Smith, James F.—5(1):87

pid Robert J.—

5(2):

Suárez-Martínez, Ana Laura—5(2):707

ujana, K.A.— s ):1 d

Sujanapal, P—5(1):1

Taylor, sehn M. gis 505

Terrellt, Edward E.—5(2):587

Terry, Martin—5(2):661, 677

Thomas F. Daniel, —5(2):595

Thompson, Ralph L.—5(1):139

Tippery, Nicholas P.—5(2):889

Tom- ery, Damian—5(2):733

O.—5(1):53; 5(2):469

enh (1):23

Van ender, mis R.—5(1):67

van vem Brian—5(1):45

VanHoek, Carmel—5(1):337

Velazco — — z —5(1):275

Véliz Pérez, an—5(2):471

Villarreal-Q., José ream ):303

Wagner, David H.—5(2):427

Ward, Daniel B.—5(1):197, 205

Ware, Stewart—5(1):1

Weakley, Alan S.—5(2):437

Weckesser, Wendy—5(1):41

Williams, n

Williams, Casey R.—5(2):88

Witsell, C. Theo—5(2):437,

Woodmansee, Ste sardo

Wunderlin, Richard P.—5(2):773

Xavier oe iiy penis y311

Yadon, Vern—5(2)

Ziegler, ud CONDE

Zueger, Michael J.—5(2):485

BOTANICAL NAMES AND SUBJECT INDEX:

ABC Islands—5(2):475

Acanthaceae—5(2):595

Achillea ptarmica (Wyoming record)—

pone E 237

Piira

lac una-veralis—5(2) :421, 422

Alaska—5(1

Alfaroa hondurensis s 719

Alpine—5(2):70

Amaranthacea ):

Amazonía citis ):25

Amber, Tertiary cs 457

Americas—5(2):5

Amomyrtella ca ARA 105

Amphorogynaceae—5(2):64.

Anacardiaceae—5(2):86

5(2):485

Andean—

Andropogon

dealbat papis 447

hirsutior—5(2):447

eri irgendein :773

Apiaceae e—5(1 2 5(2): 427, RAD

Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoldeae—5(1): 101;

5(2):475

Apocynaceae—5(1):101; 5(2):521

Apocynoideae: Mesechiteae—5(2):521

VOLUME 5 (2011)

New names (110) in bold face

dug ene Mountains, Southern—

"Puis 0

scr 0) 27 5(2):587

paene (2):58

Areole—5(1):2

Mr M 7 5(2):577

blackland pares 5»: 743

Asemeia—5(1

pistes Región, "CU 733

skellia

me 9

pygmaea ssp. ramosa 2):619

Asteraceae— one 303, 345; si 415,577

):45

insignis—5(2

A a e 494

Balsam—5(1):15

Balsa MR 153

Bee Flora—5(1):311

Begonia bernicei—5(1):97

Begoniaceae— E

Betulaceae—5(1):30

ignoniaceae—5(2): m^

Bolivia—5(2):485

Brasil—5(1):255

Southern—5(1):3

Breeding Systems a 159

aaa: —5(2):661, 677,

Calcasieu Parish, Louis SUE" 839

Calfomis 5 ):25;

oastal n orbem SQ

ionge è

airea n e i

arex

austrodeflexa—5(1):45

sect. gessit Mi 45

megacarpa—5(2):44

bini Mate (Arkansas pa

5(1):3

Catalpa den ops

Celosia argentea Pe titia record)—

5(1):323

Cerro maaa Chihuahua, Mexico—

Cervantesiaceae — 5(2):64.

otte E Tode sk 815

Chromos

evar o se

Index

Cimarron National Grassland—-5(2):753

pozos Mexico—5(1):305, 685

astal northwestern California—5(1):25

pian Plain—5(1):9

rigidula ssp. AA :448

rigidula ssp. — 448

stipita ipe e ):44:

Colombia—

par at 327; 5(2):753

Columnea

bivalvis—5(1):75

lucifrer— Vigne

ygmaea—5(1):8

Ere iul cin sg

pi a tive Wood A\ —5(2

Carolina record)—5(1): :349

213

Cymopterus s spellenbergii 50 33

discs cea

is Ua ‘aang 843

di opodium flavum—5(1):331

Daltonia—5(2):553

phne

bholua—5(2):635

papyracea—5(2):635

Desoto County, Florida—5(2):815

Dichanthelium

cryptanthum—5(2):449

curtifolium—5(2):450

m—

Duckweed, = Greater—5(1):197

Durango—5(2):689

Ecuador

Northern—5(2):5

Te Aa pred 81, 87; 5(2):499

Ecuador—5(1):75, 105; 5(2):499, 513

Ecuadorian pe 5(1):75

El Salvador

Endemic veis. 427

—

commutata—5(1): 146

crenulata—5(1):146

esula beo Mp dis 323

subg. Esula—5(1):14

ce ee

yak 1)

Euphorbiaceae—5(1):143

O National Park, is 837

Fabace 5(2):837

Flora e Nod America—5(1

Floral Nise omoes. 5t 159

Florida 773, 815, 837

Fort Polk— one

Fossil die sat 7,463

Gesneriaceae- 31175 81, 87; 5(2):499,

513

Ghana—5(2):733

Gomphrena serrata (Louisiana record)—

5(1):341

Grand Teton ines Park—5(1):357

Guatemala— Sei

Guyana—5(1)

Hebe ad 125, =

Hedge-nettle—5(2):40

Hibiscus—5(1):41

xsabei—5(1):41

Holodiscus dumosus—5(1):25

var. iria pus

Hornworts—

Hypericum Pre A var. interior—

5(2):444

Hypochaeris microcephala var. albiflora

(Mississippi record) —5(1):345

Impatiens veerapazhasii—5(1):153, 154

India—5(2):635

Western Ghats—5(1):15

Indiana County, eeu e 871

Insular Ecosystem—5(1):311

Ipomoea—5(1):159

lridaceae—5(1):327

Iris pseudacoris (Colorado record)—

5(1):3

Jamaica—5(2):72

John Cro «Moa ams) 727

Juglandaceae—5(2):7

Justicia—5(2):595

americana—5(2):595

lanceolata—5(2):595

longii—5(2):595

pacifica—5(2):595

pilosella—5(2):595

warnockii—5(2):595

wrightii—5(2):595

Kansas—5(2):753

Kentucky—5(1):343

897

— id 5(2):405, 471

Lauraceae—5(2

Le D ae

Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae—

5(1):219; 469

Lemma micromorfologia—5(1):237

Lemna trisulca (Arkansas record)—5(1):324

emnaceae—5(1):197

Lepechinia yecorana—5(1):67, 69

Leptochloa maritima—-5(2):451

Lesser Greater Di dat

anth mila ssp. grandiflora—

nan

Lithosp

parviflorum—5(2):442

subsetosum—5(2):442

iverworts—5(2):773

Llavea cordifol

:661,67

Lotus corniculatus (iiaiai record)—

5(1):324

Louisiana—5(1):341; 5(2):839, 843, 849

Calcasieu T E ge

West Central—5(2):843, 84

Macleaya pee iba record)—

5(1):324

Macrothelypteris torresiana (Kentucky

record)—5(1):343

puyumato—5(2)

Marhantophyta—S zd

Matelea—5

denticulata 8121476

irsuta—5(2):4

maritima—5 ete

armen 101, 102

reflexa—5(2):4

rubra—5(2 Sad

squiresii—5(2):481

Melastomataceae: Miconieae—5(2):725,

727

NON TUN 463

eli

oligantha—5(2):550

Menyanthaceae— xis 889

e (2):6

—5(1):299, ee ak 5(2):689, 707

ERU ses ):70

EA :30 se

Coahui

Nuevo on San. 303

Querétaro—5(2)

So RP ed

898

seudor rigida—5(2):727

Mississippi—5(1):345; 5(2):855

gto

Washingt ei :855

Missouri—5(2

onopyle— ( oe

multiflora—5(2):513, 514

uniflora—5(2):513, 517

Muscadini

nia

popenoei—5(2):453

rotun nie var. munsoniana—

5(2):4

senio lia var. ppgmaea—5(2):452

Musci: Daltoniaceae—5(2):553

seb Sio pee 105

inea —5(1

tidie O 439

carrii—5(2):441

trifoliolatus var. nanus—5(2):441

anodeaceae—5(2):643

bn ARP IS 331,337

snpra —5(1):321

New combinations—5(2):437

New Mexic osas 397

North Central —5(1): 2

vemencatua 5 ):43

hanges—5(2):619

America—5(1):109, 159

Carolina—5(1):1, 9, 45, 349; 5(2):867

Central New Mexico—5(1):33

Northeast Oregon—5(2):427

Northern

Ecuador—5(2):513

New Mexico—5(2):397

1):109

ie hoides humboldtiana—5(2):889

js Hood—5(1):337

Yellow Cowhorn—5(1):331

Panamá—5(2):545

aed M 505, 507

—5(2): ii 458

Has a :50

Southern—5(2):50:

Phaius terse 337

Phaseo

os id —5(1):53

hygrophilus—5(2):

sect. Brevilegumeni—5(1):53

Phemeranthus—5(1)

piedmont

—5(2):39

Phoradendron jeverpum st 139

Piedmont—

Mid-Atantic SU 9

Pimientas—5(1):25

Pinyon Peak hands 357

Piper—5(1):25

Pistac

(oS 5(2):867

chinensis Weng record)—5(1):325

Po ):237; 689

ae: tonne s :485

ambusoide

Polemoniaceae—5(1):19,

Polemonium cinia d say 19

Polygala—5(1):109, 125

nobou A 11

attenuata—5(1):11

balduinii—5(1): aes

boykinii—5(1):114

brevifolia—5(1):118

bats pees e 118

pubescens—5(1):122

—5(1):122

Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae—5(2):421

Portulacaceae—5(1):1

Pter Spip ii

Querétaro, México—

Quilombola Com vini stas

2):43

n daria —

5(2):

Sonora, Mexico—5(1):67

South Texas—5(2):661

Southeastern United States—5(1):45;

pal — 37

South

Appalachian ora :405

Brazil—5(1

haria i

Southw

he bic prairies—5(2):743

regon—5(2):4

Species richness— es ):74

pigelia amens Su

da 5(1):25

rodela goma 50 197

ba hys—5(1):9;

open zppaiacniana 80 :405

tthewsii—5(1

Sá Bux mma buio D :451

Stone, Donald—5(1):389

677

e ioni - the U.S.A.—5(2):889

"ape 5(

Thomas Walter's O Orchids saos

moree ):34

ymelae: —5(2): pen

Tobago - :

ads ad

antiqua—5 3 pre

463,

Trillium eee ssp. pavilion

5(2):6

S ci is 475

Typifi siio

ag States—5(1):9, = E 143;5(2):397

w floristic record— pens

Mis stern—5(1):45

Uvalde County, Texas (New ium for the

Venezuela—5(1):97

Guayana—5(1):97

Viburnum alabamense—5(2):438

Viola— 5( us

um var. grisea—5(2):633

2):633

Walte neni 2 ):20. dnd

Washington County, s

dia—

5(1):153

Wyoming—5(1 ):357

Yécora Area, Sonora, Mene 67

(1):33

Yukon eigen 19

Zacatecas—5(2):68

Index

110 NEW NAMES AND NEW COMBINATIONS:

VOLUME 5 (2011)

Agrostis lacuna yernalis PM: Feverson & v apio p nov. Viens :422

—5(1): 105

Nuus ogon

dealbatus (C. Mohr) Weakley & LeBlond, comb. et stat. nov.—

5(2):447

hirsutior (Hackel) Weakley & LeBlond, comb. et stat. nov.—

Askellia

pyg (Ledeb.) K.L. Chambers & S.C Meyers comb. nov.—

5(2):619

pygmaea ssp. ramosa i ces K.L. Chambers & S.C. Meyers,

ai nov.—5(2):6

Aulo

hates Judz. & Geisthardt, vit nov.—5(2):491

insignis Judz. & Gibbons, sp. nov.—5(2):4

madidiensis Mes I iy — & Zueger, sp. nov. "aes :494

—5(1)

Romero, sp. nov.

Carex x siste P.D. McMillan, Sorrie, & van Maite sp.

—5(1):4

ic I \WAlaall

pa ( y, comb. nov.—5(2):445

Coleat

bes dn LeBlond, comb. nov.— 7

rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) LeBlond ssp. rigidula, comb. nov.—

5(2):448

rigidula ssp. condensa (Nash) LeBlond, comb. et stat. nov.—

ae (Nash) LeBlond, comb. nov.—5(2):448

presa L. Clark & M. Amaya, we nov.—5(1):75

lucifer J.L. Clark, sp. nov.—5(1):8

pygmaea J.L. Clark & J.F. Smith, sp. nov.—5(1):87

Coreopsis palustris Sorrie, sp. nov.—5(2):439

penca verticillatum J.L. Clark & B.R. Keener, sp. nov.—

od intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara € Weakley, comb.

5(2):443

Cymopt llenbergii R.L. Hartm. & J.E. Larson, sp. nov.—

5(1):33

orsi tendi

cryptanthum (Ashe) LeBlond, comb. nov.—5(2):449

labora (Nash) LeBlond, comb. nov.—5(2):450

neuranthum (Grise

webberi

“ngaron SAR peli sp. nov.—5(2):4

tt, comb. et stat. nov. Jg 134

barbeyana egt Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):134

greggii (S. Wats.) J. R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):134

crad

dcir dumosus var. cedrorus Raiche €: Reveal, var. nov.—

:26

Kone E var. interior (Small) Sorrie & Weakley,

comb. et stat. nov.—5(2):444

Impatiens Memo: Ratheesh, Sujanapal, & Meera, sp.

nov.—5(1):154

1 hini Henricl Fishbein, & T. Van Devender.

nov.—5(1):69

ero: maritima (E.P. Bicknell) LeBlond €: Sorrie, comb.

ov.—5(2):451

ados pumila (A

hambers, = comb nov. v.—5(2): 622

Lithosperm

decipiens E R. Allison) Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes, comb.

yo) S.C. Meyers & KL.

occidentale (Mack.) Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes, comb. nov.—

5(2):44

K ifl kley, Witsell & D. Estes, nom. nov. A

RÌ IA

IRA Lon

nov.—5(2):442

sp. nov.—5(2):428

Mandevilla

nacarema J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—5(2):5

E Plog ex Roem. & o J.F. Morales, comb.

TOR

stes ed

M.E. Darrach & D.H Wagner,

puyu rales, sp. nov.—5(2):534

Matelea o Krings, sp. nov.—5(1):102

Meliosma

cresstolina J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—5(2):546

laxiflora J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—5(2):548

oligantha J.F. Morales, sp. nov.—5(2):550

Monopyle

multiflora Keene & J.L. Clark, sp. nov.—5(2):514

Segen J.L. Clark & Keene, sp. nov.—5(2):517

Muscadini

eran (J.L. Fennell) Weakley & Gandhi, comb. nov.—5(2):453

dhi, comb. et stat. nov.—5(2)

rotundifolia var. pygmaea dci ex z^ B. Ward) Weakley &

Pa comb. nov.—5(2):45

Naba

SENE (Walter) Weakley, comb. nov.—5(2)

carrii (Singhurst, O'Kennon & W.C. Holmes) M comb.

nov.—5(2):441

trifoliolatus var. nanus (Bigelow) Weakley, comb. nov.—

5(2):441

e I EPR r Y

y anony nu

Darkara t . (Bi 14-5.

millefolium], comb. nov.—5(2):44

Pe —9 austr. ali s E M. Tee & senor. = nov.—5(2):507

Pers ita Kl sp. nov.—5(2):458

Phaseolus hygrophilus Debouck, sp. nov.— pg pe

Phemeranthus piedmontanus Ware, sp. nov. mu

Phlox vermejoensis B. Legler, sp. nov.—5(2

Phoradendro

a | subsp. wipes (Kuijt) J.R. Abbott & R.L.

ompson, comb. nov.—5(1):1

leucarpum subsp wm

Thompson, pua nov.—5(1

leucarpum subsp. Vet (DC.) J.R. Abbott & R.L.

Thompson, c obs nov.—

Polem oy a villosi m (Hultén) D.F. Murray & Elven, comb.

et stat. nov.—5( E

Not Abbott & R.L.

M dos pupa tog nov.—5(1):134

et stat. nov.—5(1):134

ig a

Polygaloides

— (S.F. Blake) J.R. Abbott, com

(A. Gray) J.R. Abbott, su nov.—

lim (Nutt.) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):1

cornuta (Kellogg) 1 E sip: comb. nov.—5(1):13

tt, comb. nov. €: 134

oesertorum (15. Srandege) IR. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

tt, comb. nov.—5(1):135

in termontana (T. Wendt) J ^ UR comb. nov. E 135

lindheimeri (A. Gray) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

lindheimeri var. eucosma (S.F. Blake) J.R. Abbott, comb.

nov.—5(1):13

ACTU idet var. parvifolia (Wheelock) J.R. Abbott, comb.

nov.—5(1):135

madrensis (T. Wendt) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

ott, comb. nov.—

nitida var. elas (T. Wendt) J.R. Abbott, pl nov.—

5(1):

nitida var. lithophila (S.F. Blake) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—

5(1):135

nitida var. tamaulipana (T. Wendt) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—

5(1):13

nudata Gas J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

rryi (A.W. Bennett) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

purpusii (T.S. Brandegee) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

rimulicola (Steyermark) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

i E Fat Í add UA H rí^^

f Texas 5(2)

rimulicola var. mescalerorum (T. Wendt & T.K. Todsen) J.R.

Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

rusbyi (Greene) J.R. Abbott, comb. nov.—5(1):135

subspinosa (S. Watson) J.R. Abbott, comb. ah 135

Salvia calo véliz & Quedensiey, "mt nov.— a 2):47

/. Nelson €: f Nelson) K.L

Chambers & sc Meyers, comb. duo

Cri. li lak 1. AA $ O MAL I

rg y, comb.

et stat. nov.—5(2):444

Stachys

appalachiana D.B. Poindexter & J.B. Nelson, sp. nov.—5(2):405

matthewsii G.P. Fleming, J.B. Nelson, & J.F. Townsend, sp.

nov.—5(1):9

Stegnogramma burksiorum (J.E. Watkins & D.R. Farrar) Weakley,

om 4

Trichilia

antiqua K.L. Chambers, Poinar, & A.E. Brown, sp. nov.—5(2):464

n KL. Chambers, Poinan & A, E. nn nov.—5(2):464

Chambers & S.C

eyers, A nov.—5(2):620

Viburnum peer (McAtee) Sorrie, comb. et stat. nov.—

5(2):43

Viola Siok var. grisea (Jepson) R.J. Little, comb. nov.—

(2):633

New Tes from thet NR

o Me An Agreeable ene ni zm p dP Biodiversity of a Sonoran

E E Desert Bottomland, 1855-1920 is an accounting of plant life in the Santa

Cruz and Rillito afi of the Tucson Basin. Primary documents, historical

narratives, and more than 1200 dried plant specimens are the foundation

for this Pii duae of floristic richness, bottomland habitats, and ecological

change. Over time, a cultural, political, ar nt

at Tucson pit ably pas seat of the Es Cruz watershed have made this

the best-documented riparian ecosystem in the Sonoran Desert for this time

period. This original compilation affords a vantage point from which to view

the historic bottomland among the spectrum of riparian conservation in the

region today, as well as to inform those ongoing efforts in a watershed that,

even diminished, remains a biological resource of international importance.

The Beauty of eee is set ape from wi normal houseplant care book

by being a total delight to look at. The illustrations of over 70 houseplants

are in themselves artistic and es sit ring the extraordinary variety

and beauty of temperate plants with a detailed guide to their individual care

and how to put right what goes wrong. The susceptibility of each plant to

pests and diseases is dealt with separately and in detail with a chapter on

their identification and how to deal with them. There is a section showing

how to choose plants for each room of the house, depending on the amounts

of heat, light and humidity. A potted history of how houseplants were

discovered from all over the world and a chapter on propagation make this

one of the most delightful reference books ever created on the subje ojec

—-

The Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Alabama presents the first

comprehensive statewide checklist of vascular plants for Alabama in over

100 years. Despite numerous county-level and regional plant checklists,

Alabama has lacked a con iprehensive and modern checklist or flora of since

Charles Mohrs 1901 publication of Plant Life of Alabama. This compilation

is based on thousands of voucher collections made primarily by the authors

over decades of field work in the state. The combined total of 3,743 species

and 1,120 genera in 204 families indicates considerable floristic variety and

elevates Alab ama high among states with great overall plant diversity. As

plant research and discovery in Alabama continues forward, this list will

serve as a baseline for underst: anding the diversity of plant life in the state

and will prove useful to botanists, conservation biologists, ecologists and

anyone interested in or working on vascular plants in Alabama.

—

| The Mosses en Madre de Dios, Peru

In this field manual the authors present a guide to the mosses currently

known from eastern Madre de Dios, Peru, with focus on the Los Amigos

River watershed and specifically, the Los Amigos Biological Station and

oe os The Mosses of Madre de Dios, Peru treats some 63

species in 40 genera and 28 families. Keys, detailed descriptions, ecological

buon and illustrations (61 b/w line drawings, 6 color plates) are

provided. A \ glossary, reference section, and index are included.

RESS : À

For information and pricing on these titles, please visit us at www. brit.org/brit-press/books