INTRODUCTION.

Tue Central-American Araneidea, to judge from the collections made by the Editors

of this work, do not present any very remarkable forms peculiar to the region, save, of

course, so far as particular species are concerned. ‘The collections before me include

representatives of thirty-four families, the total number of genera being 280, and

species 1111. It is probable that, after all, little more than the fringe of the fauna

has been dealt with. Hundreds more, both genera and species, doubtless remain for

the future collector to discover.

It will be interesting to discuss briefly the spider-fauna of the district in connection

with the local distribution of the families, and also in its relation to the fauna of other

continental regions. We at once find that whilst the vast majority of the species

represented are peculiar to the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, the genera are in

many cases identical with those indigenous to such widely distant regions as the

Mediterranean, Palearctic, Oriental, Australasian, and Ethiopian.

We may dismiss at once the supposition that identical or even closely allied

genera sprang into being sporadically in various regions permanently separated by

physical barriers such as are furnished by thousands of miles of tempestuous ocean.

Remarkable convergencies of character may occur here and there in organisms which

have originated from entirely distinct primitive forms, but where such resemblances

are very abundant we are driven to the conclusion that all these forms had common

origins respectively, and that the fauna of the various regions presenting these

likenesses must have passed freely from one to the other, at a date subsequent, at any

rate, to the specialization of the various genera of which representatives are found in

each.

In all probability only a very small number of species have been accidentally

7 ee INTRODUCTION.

introduced with the cargo carried by ships in recent times. Where the forms are

identical in two widely separated regions, this will, no doubt, account for their

presence in both; but the time required for the specialization of species precludes

the idea that this agency is in any way responsible for forms representing merely

closely allied species generically identical.

In order to find a satisfactory explanation of this startling resemblance between the

fauna of Central America and that of the regions mentioned above, we shall have to

take into consideration the geological history of the Araneidea, wherever possible,

and also the past geographical history of the various continents as we now know

them.

The Araneidea, of which the Mygalomorphe are the modern exponents, date back

at least as far as the Carboniferous period, when they were represented by forms of

which the two species of Liphistius are the sole survivors. ‘These differ considerably

from the rest of the Mygalomorphe, since their spinners lie in the middle of the

underside of the abdomen, instead of at the apex. The earliest known Arachnomorphid

spiders, however, in any way resembling those now living belong to the Oligocene

times. At this period there existed many species, very similar to those occurring at

the present time, whose remains have been found embedded in amber washed up on

the shores of the Baltic Sea. Beyond these comparatively few examples, we know

little of the extinct races of the Araneidea.

That the spiders comprised in the Central-American fauna could not during recent

times have passed to and fro between that region and the great eastern continents will

be obvious from a glance at the distribution of land and water at the present day.

‘There are now in existence no land-connections of which an Arachnidal fauna could

take advantage in order to pass from Africa, Australia, or the Palearctic Region into

North or South America. We can only conclude that at some period or other |

these now widely separated regions must have been linked together by land which

has long since disappeared.

As illustrations of these resemblances in the fauna we may note the distribution of

a few well-known forms. ‘Taking, first, the Mygalomorphe, which includes the most

primitive Araneidea, we find the family Dipluride represented in Central America,

the Antilles, Western Ethiopia, Madagascar, the Mediterranean Region, India, the

INTRODUCTION. Vii

Oriental and Australian Regions, and New Zealand. But most significant is the fact

that two genera, Jschnothele and Evagrus, both strongly represented in Central

America, are found also in Madagascar and South Africa.

The Ctenizine, a subfamily of the Ctenizide, are found in the Southern States of

North America, Central America, the northern districts of South America, the Antilles,

the Mediterranean Region, Central Asia, Burmah, South China, and the Japanese

Islands, as well as in New Guinea and some of the Polynesian Islands.

The Avicularie, of the family Theraphoside, are present throughout the Gulf States

of North America, Central America and the Antilles, the whole of South America, the

western districts of Ethiopia, the Mediterranean Region, India, and Burmah.

Amongst the Argyopide, the genus Nephila may have originated in the Oriental

Region. Its western representative, however, is very widely distributed in the New

World. There has been found, moreover, in the Florissant deposits of North

America a fossil species of Nephila which is probably identical with the existing

form mentioned above. If so, this would point to the vast time required in the

differentiation of species, though naturally there would be great variation in this

respect.

The genus Filistata, of the family Filistatide, is common to North, Central, and

South America, the Antilles, Africa, and the Oriental Region. The members of this

family possibly originated in the Ethiopian Region and spread westwards.

To take, now, a case where it is not improbable that the reverse has happened,

we find numerous species and allied genera of the family Anyphenide in North and

Central America, while but three or four species of one genus, Anyphena, are found in

the Palearctic Region. The ancestors of these may have passed across from the parent

stock before the Behring Sea bridge was broken down, and established themselves

there during Oligocene times ; for they are found in the beds of this period, in both

Europe and North America. It has been well pointed out by Mr. R. I. Pocock * that

this case is remarkably similar to that of the mammalian family Camelide, of which

a number of genera existed in North America in Tertiary times, passed subsequently

* Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1903, 1. p. 367.

Vill INTRODUCTION.

across into the Old World, where it is represented by the Camels, and into South

America with the Llamas as representatives. The genera, however, of the Anyphenide

still exist in the region of their origin, while those of the Camelide have died out.

These few instances must suffice for the present, but they will serve to indicate

the various sources whence the Spider-fauna of Central America may have been

derived.

The scheme of classification presented in the following pages does not differ

materially from that usually adopted, except as regards the position of the Thomiside

and Salticide. These families are here assumed to be allied to the Clubionide, and

not linked with the Argyopide and Lycoside respectively, as previously placed by

Authors.

The systematic position of the Cribellate is still one of the unsolved problems of

Araneology. In the list of families drawn up in the Synoptic Table on pp. 541-544,

the arrangement has been somewhat modified from that followed in the previously

published text, as it was impossible to prepare this till the whole of the material had

been studied.

As regards the actual identification of species, always a matter of great difficulty, we

have fortunately had access to the types in the collection of the late Count Keyserling

in the British Museum of Natural History. With these for reference, it has been

possible to determine with some confidence a great many American forms.

In the “ List of Identified Species,” given by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge in the

_ Introduction to Vol. L., pp. xiii-xv, there are various names which will not be found

quoted in the present volume. This apparent omission is due to difference of opinion

as to the identification of the forms involved, or at least as regards those contained in

the Godman and Salvin Collection.

The Opiliones, or Harvestmen, do not call for any special comment, and remarks

on their geographical distribution, &c., are to be found on pp. 546-548. Nearly

all the species (70) enumerated are treated as new, these Arachnids having been

much neglected by zoologists.

The collections amassed by the Editors of this work have been mainly contributed

INTRODUCTION. iy

by Mr. F. Sarg, from Guatemala, whose coloured drawings of living specimens, and notes

on their habits, have been of great assistance ; by Mr. H. H. Smith, from Mexico, who

also supplied us with an account of his observations on many of the species; and by

Mr. G. C. Champion, from the State of Panama, whose collections of spiders were mostly

made during the dry season, between November and March, 1883.

The fifty-four Plates, the drawings for which were made by myself and transferred

to stone by Mr. E. Wilson, include figures of upwards of 900 species, with very many

details of structure. Fifty-one Plates are devoted to the Araneidea and three to the

Opiliones ; twenty-four of the former are wholly or partially coloured.

F. O. P.-C.

January, 1905,

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran. & Opil., Vol. IT., January 1905. b

Page

Dy)

—

121

129

140

152

156

192

251

256

272

288

ERRATA ET

CORRIGENDA.

for Acanthocurria read. Acanthoscurria,

for Melodeus read Melodeus.

for A, read Agelena.

for coccineus read coccinea,

for (g) read (3 2).

for inclusa read inclusum.

for Aena read Anyphena.

for Ocypeta read. Ocypete.

Jor Srmpuanopsin& read STEPHANOPINA.

for R. dubia read R. blanda. |

for Thamisus read Thomisus.

for STEPHANOPSINZ read STEPHANO-

PINE.

for longipalpis read longipalpus.

after PHANTAS add gen. nov.

for Ankoa read Anoka.

for retarius read retiarius.

add to the references: Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci.

xiii, p. 801°

Page

288

399

339

341

348

359

391

426

427

437

445

506

515

536

Line

5 add: Norra Amurica, ‘Texas *.—Mxxtco *.—

Braz 2 3,

14 for Hamarativa read HaMATALIWA.

“i } for Hamataliva read Hamataliwa.

35 for facile read facilis.

8 add: Nort Amurica, Texas’.

2 after p. 256 add t. 39. figg. 9, 9a-d, and the

additional reference — Phyllonethis trepida,

O. P.-Cambr. 1. c. p. 307.

10 after Omilteme add and Amula.

3 for scurrillis read scurrilis.

6 for montividensis read montevidensis.

19 for MEITNZ read METINA.

10 for M. read P.

13 for Eustala read Hpeira.

15 after p. 253 insert t. 15. fig. 7.

35 for Tab. L. read Tab. LI.

BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.

ZOOLOGIA.

Class ARACHNIDA.

Order ARANEIDEA.

Suborder OPISTHOTHELZ, Pocock.

Section MYGALOMORPH &, Pocock.

The Mygalomorphe include all the spiders which possess four distinct lung-sacs as

distinct from two lung-sacs and two tracheal stigmata of the Dysderide, &c., or two

lung-sacs and one tracheal stigma of the other Arachnomorphe.

Both in the number of lung-sacs retained, in the disposition of the spinning-mamille,

and in the plane of the articulation of the mandibles, these spiders exhibit characters

which suggest archaic arachnidal forms, of which Liphistius is perhaps the sole

surviving link. In the Arachnomorphe the second pair of lung-sacs have become

tracheal stigmata and the plane of articulation of the mandibles has become oblique

instead of horizontal, while the spinning-mamille, having achieved the utmost

possible degree of distal migration, assume a closely grouped position at the apex of

the abdomen.

So far as regards the distribution of the Mygalomorphe over the earth’s surface,

one may say that, roughly speaking, they occupy the broad zone which lies

between the fortieth parallel north and south of the Equator. The family Atypide,

however, occurs much further north, extending almost up to the sixtieth parallel.

Members of the family Ctenizide and also of the Dipluride extend further both

in a northerly and southerly direction than do those of the family Theraphoside

as defined in the present work, while along the northern shores of the Mediterranean

numerous species of the former family occur where the latter is but feebly represented.

The Theraphoside, which include the largest known species, some of them measuring

9 inches in expanse of limbs, occur throughout Africa, Arabia, Hindostan, Burmah,

Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, and other adjacent islands, and the east coast of Australia.

In the Neotropical region they occur in the Southern States of North America, in

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., August 1897. BE

2 ARANEIDEA.

California, Mexico and the Central-American States, the Antilles, and the whole

northern region of South America, gradually fading away southwards to the northern

boundaries of Patagonia.

It is noteworthy, however, that in both a northerly and southerly direction these

forms follow the coast-line and spread further than they do inland, as, for instance, in

California on the north-west and Virginia on the east, in Chili on the south-west and

below Uruguay on the south-east coast. In this respect the area of distribution of

the Theraphoside is almost conterminous with that of the scorpions (cf. R. I. Pocock,

‘Geographical Distribution of Scorpions’).

Certain groups of genera belonging to this family are, of course, still further

restricted to the equatorial regions. For though the genus Ewrypelma extends as far

north as Arizona, yet the genera Acanthocurria, Avicularia, Xenesthis, Sericopelma, &c.

are not found north of Mexico, and indeed scarcely much further north than Panama.

On the whole, therefore, we may regard the Mygalomorphe in general, and the

family Theraphoside in particular, as essentially residents of the tropics. Certain

forms, such as Avicularia avicularia in Brazil, and some species of Eurypelma in

Central America, abound almost everywhere, but the majority of these huge spiders

lurk in their dens in the depths of the primeval forest and are seldom met with.

The first family into which the Mygalomorphe fall, the Ctenizide, comprises all

those forms which are well known under the name “Trapdoor Spiders.” They

construct a silk-lined burrow in the ground, closed with a hinged door at the entrance.

‘The members of the next family, the Theraphoside, though often making a cylindrical

burrow in the soil, make no door at the entrance. They are not artificers, as their

structure will prove. The Ctenizide have become highly specialized in the armature of

their legs and mandibles in correlation with their habit of digging in the soil and

constructing carefully adjusted doorways for the protection of their domicile. The

Theraphosidez, on the other hand, are rather specialized in the direction of rapidity

of movement, their feet also being furnished with an exceedingly soft pad of

claviform hairs, beautifully iridescent, which enables them to advance in stealthy

silence on their prey, and to cross smooth horizontal surfaces with absolute confidence.

These spiders, though they construct large cylindrical domiciles of silk in convenient

situations, and in some genera burrow in the ground, yet make no door at the entrance,

but rather extend the silk in an open trumpet-shaped mouth over the surrounding

' foliage and soil.

The third family, the Dipluride, again develop this trumpet-mouth still further,

spreading the silk in a much wider circle over the surrounding soil or foliage, the

snare and burrow, or tube at the back, thus assuming a very strong resemblance to the

sheet-like snares of the family Agelenide, belonging to the section Arachnomorphe—

a resemblance, moreover, which is not alone confined to the snares, but is even shared

to a greater or less extent by the constructors themselves ; showing that similarity of

MYGALOMORPILE. | 3

habit tends to similarity in structure without there being, necessarily, any near

elationship between the forms. :

When we enter upon the question of the distribution of particular groups and genera

over wide areas and continents separated by broad seas, and whether certain definite

forms are more or less confined to certain well-marked regions, we have first of all to

bear in mind that the Mygalomorphe do not lend themselves so greatly to the usual

agents of distribution as do the Arachnomorphe. ‘The former usually live under

ground and upon the ground, and the egg-cocoon is not so likely to be carried in cargoes

of vegetables and plants, for instance, from one hemisphere to another. Neither

are their young so likely to be conveyed by the winds high up in the air from island

to island and continent to continent, clinging to the masts and rigging of ships.

Indeed, I have never heard that the young of any of the Mygalomorphe migrate in

this manner, a common occurrence amongst the Arachnomorphe. As an instance

of the distributing agency of steamers and ships in the case of the latter we may note

the occurrence of the huge Heteropoda venatoria (regia, Fabr.) in almost every seaport

of the tropical world, and one of the most familiar house-spiders to dwellers in the

‘tropics. ‘They thrive amazingly in the warm holds and engine-rooms of the steamers,

and have thus been transferred from port to port all over the world from their original

headquarters. possibly somewhere in the oriental equatorial regions.

With the Mygalomorphe, however, artificial or semi-natural distribution is far less

likely to occur, and therefore we are more justified in concluding @ priori that the

forms occurring, for instance, in Hindostan, Burmah, and Borneo will be strikingly

different from those to be met with in Central America and Brazil, than we should be

in the case of the Arachnomorphe.

And as a matter of fact such @ priort judgment is, to a very great extent, borne out

by actual comparison of the fauna from these widely separate regions; for compared

with that of the western hemisphere we find the fauna of the Oriental region present

striking differences.

It is of course too soon to speak with certainty on the matter, but with regard to

the family Theraphoside, at all events, we may affirm that, as a rule, the Neotropical

members differ in certain very definite characters from those of both the Ethiopian and

Oriental regions. The genera are entirely distinct, and although some of them are

supposed to be common to Central America and to the European Mediterranean region

(e. g. Chetopelma and Cratorrhagus), | am not in a position at present to confirm this

supposition.

The Theraphoside from the equatorial regions of the east possess in the stridulating-

organs of both male and female a character which separates them at once from those of

the Neotropical region. Curiously enough, however, in the case of the family Dipluride

the position is almost exactly reversed, for in the Neotropical genera Zrechona,

Melodeus, and Harmonicon the stridulating-apparatus is present, while in members

Bt 2

4, ARANEIDEA.

from the Ethiopian and Oriental regions it is, so far as I have had opportunity of

observing, entirely absent.

Passing on from these broader considerations of distribution and narrowing our

investigations down to the Central-American and adjacent regions, with whose fauna we

are more immediately concerned, we must also remark that so far, in the absence of

sufficient data, we are not justified in speaking too positively as to the distribution of

different families and genera.

- The only further feature that strikes one in connection with distribution of the

Mygalomorphe in Central America is the small number of the Ctenizide and

Dipluride and the greater number of the Theraphoside, especially of the genus

Eurypelma and some allied forms. This feature, however, is probably due entirely

to the fact that the trapdoor spiders are not easy to find, while the others force them-

selves more or less on the observation, and hence are more numerously represented in

the bottles of the collector.

The number of representatives of this section hitherto taken is so exceedingly

small in comparison with the enormous extent of the region that one cannot venture

to speak with any great confidence on the subject of the proportional distribution of

different families and genera.

In conclusion, however, it may be remarked that one genus only occurs north of the

fortieth parallel, viz. Euagrus (rubricularis, Sim.), which has been recorded by

Dr. Geo. Marx from Idaho. Bothriocyrtum californicum, O. P.-Cambr., is reported as

occurring in Utah, and Myrmeciophila atkinsonii, Sim., in Virginia. Eurypelma does

not apparently occur further north than Arizona and California (where forms are apt to

creep up the coast-line), New Mexico, and Texas. Tapinauchenius has been recorded

from as far north as “Indian Territory” by Dr. Marx, which, if the identification be

correct, is somewhat surprising; while Avicularia, Sericopelma, and Xenesthis, genera

essentially equatorial, have not been recorded further north than Panama.

MYGALOMORPH &, Pocock.

The plane of the joint of the mandible with the carapace nearly vertical, the fang closing almost directly

backwards. Four lung-sacs, the posterior widely separated, close behind the anterior, with distinct

transverse opercula, Spinning-mamille four, rarely six.

This large and very distinct section may conveniently be subdivided into more or less

compact and natural families, though of course intermediate forms occur in most cases,

which partaking of the characters of two families cannot be classed with either. The

families represented in Central America may be briefly characterized as follows :—

A. Tarsi without claw-tufts ; inferior claw nearly always distinct.

a. Base of mandible furnished at the apex with a more or less well-

developed rastellum. Spinning-mamillz short, stout, and closely

situate at the base. . . . + ee ee ee ee we we 6 Crentzi1ve, Thor.

CTENIZIDA. 5

’. Base of mandible without any rastellum at the apex. Spinning-

mamille long, slender, widely situate at the base . . . . . . Drrruripa, Thor.

B. Tarsi with claw-tufts; inferior claw hardly ever present (sometimes

in immature forms and in some males on tarsus iv.). . . . . . THERAPHosID#, Thor.

Fam. CTENIZIDZ.

This very large and interesting family, quite distinct, as a rule, in general appearance

and character from either the Theraphoside or the Dipluride, comprises all those

species generally known as ‘Trapdoor Spiders.” Their habit, as distinct from those

of the other two families, is to construct a more or less perfect movable lid, with

which the long silk-lined burrow, formed in the soil, can be securely closed at pleasure.

The Theraphosid, on the other hand, while constructing a silken tube either in the

ground or crevices in tree-trunks, make no door of any kind. The Dipluride resemble

this last family in the general nature of their habitat, but the entrance of the burrow

is surrounded with a large flat sheet of webbing, very similar to the domiciles of the

family Agelenide, of the section Arachnomorphe.

The family Ctenizide may itself be conveniently divided into several subfamilies, of

which, however, two only are represented (so far, that is to say, as present researches

warrant one in the assertion) in the Central-American fauna, namely the Actinopodine

and the Ctenizine, which may be characterized thus :—

A. Coxa of pedipalp scarcely longer than broad. aye meely separate, not

situate upon a raised prominence. . . . . . « ACTINOPODINE.

B. Coxa of pedipalp distinctly longer than broad. " Byes more or “Tess closely

grouped, and situate on a decidedly raised prominence . . . . . - . CTENIZINA.

Subfam. ACTINOPODINAL.

The two genera of this subfamily may be distinguished thus :—

A. Thoracic fovea strongly procurved, not sinuous. Femur i. not gibbous

* on the posterior side. Apex of labial plate and anterior side of the coxa of

pedipalp studded with numerous cuspules. Apical margin of protarsus iv.

without a regular row of spines on anterior apical margin. Tarsus iv. with

a close group of numerous spines on anterior side. Anterior central eyes

four diameters distant from posterior centrals, and six diameters from

anterior laterals. . . . 2 + ee + + ee ee ee ee) 6. 6Actinopus, Perty.

B. Thoracic fovea recurved, transverse, sinuous. Femur iii. gibbous on the

posterior side. Labial plate not studded with cuspules. Coxa of pedipalp not

studded with cuspules. Protarsus iv. with aregular row of 4-6 long spines

on anterior apical margin beneath, beside 7-8 scattered spines on sides.

Tarsus iv. without any spines on anterior side. Anterior central eyes one

and a half diameters distant from posterior centrals, rather over three

diameters from anterior laterals . . . . . . + «©» «© «© « « « Neocteniza, Poc.

6 ARANEIDEA,

ACTINOPUS.

Actinopus, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras. p. 198 (1833).

Type Actinopus tarsalis, Perty.

Tarsi without ungual tufts, 3-clawed. Tarsi and protarsi not scopulate. Eyes widely separate, not occupying

a raised prominence. Apex of coxa of pedipalp produced on anterior side to form a conical prominence.

Sternum deeply impressed behind labial plate. Thoracic fovea strongly procurved, not sinuous. Femur

iii. incrassate, but parallel-sided. Labial plate elongate, coniform, its apex studded with numerous (10-15)

cuspules. Coxa of pedipalp studded with numerous cuspules on anterior half. Protarsus iv. with 7 or 8

irregularly scattered spines on anterior side. Tarsus iv. with 9-10 closely grouped short spines on anterior

side. Mandibles with rastellum.

1. Actinopus robustus.

Pachyloscelis robustus,O.P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. p. 93, t.12. figg. 5,5a—d ( 2)’.

Type in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Boucard?).

I am unable, from the description only, to distinguish the females of this form from

A. scalops, Sim., though, in any case, it is not possible to decide the matter without

comparing the males. Probably the females of these closely allied forms are them-

selves inseparable, and from what I have observed in comparing the individuals of

other forms of this genus from various localities I should quite expect this to be the

case. It is of course highly possible, after a very careful comparison of numerous

examples of all these forms, that some constantly variable character may be found in the

females whereby the different forms may be recognized, but so far no such character has

been discovered.

The followings points may be noted as probably of specific value :—

Q. Patella iii. with a regular row of 7 short spines and 2-3 irregularly placed spines on the anterior apical

margin; posterior side with an irregular row of 10 spines and numerous irregularly placed spines.

Tibia iii. with a regular single row of 12-14 spines on the anterior apical margin, becoming posteriorly

irregular and more numerous.

In A. wallace: (from Brazil) tibia iii. has a number of irregularly placed spines along

the anterior apical margin, instead of a single regular row.

NEOCTENIZA.

Neocteniza, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvi. p. 193 (1895).

Type WV. sclateri, Poc. ( 2 ) loc. cit. p. 194, t. 5. figg. 3, 3a, b.

Tarsi without ungual tufts, 3-clawed. Tarsi and protarsi not scopulate. Eyes widely separate, not occupying

a raised prominence. Apex of coxa of pedipalp produced on the anterior side into a conical prominence.

Sternum deeply impressed behind labial plate. Thoracic fovea transverse, recurved, slightly sinuous.

Femur iil. incrassate, especially on the posterior side. Labial plate truncate, coniform, its apex set with

simple hairs only, no cuspules. Ooxa of pedipalp not studded with cuspules. Protarsus iv. with 4-6 long

spines, in a row, on anterior apical margin beneath, and 7-8 other irregularly scattered spines on anterior

and posterior sides. Tarsus iv. without any spines on anterior side. Mandibles with rastellum.

NEOCTENIZA. 7

females.

A. Central anterior eyes nearly four diameters from lateral anteriors. Patella ii.

with apical submarginal fringe of 9-10 short spines; posterior apical margin

with three short spines. Anterior dorsal area with upwards of 20 short spines.

Dorsal area of tibia iii. with upwards of 25 short spines. Protarsus iii. with

two rows of 10—10and upwards short spines. Spines on margins of pro-

tarsus i. 15—12 on the inner and outer sides respectively. Tibia i. with

spines 6—7 on the inner side and outer side respectively (from beneath) . ([sclateri, Poe.

(Demerara). ]

B. Central anterior eyes two diameters only from lateral anteriors. Patella iti.

with apical submarginal fringe of 7 short spines; posterior apical margin

without any short spines. Anterior dorsal area with 9-10 short spines.

Dorsal area of tibia iii. with upwards of 1] short spines. Protarsus iii. with

two rows of 6—6 spines. Spines on margins of protarsus i. 7—5 on the inner

and outer sides respectively. Tibia i. with 2 spines only on ventral surface,

beneath; no marginal spines... . . . 1 eee ee ee mexicana, sp. n.

1. Neocteniza mexicana, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 6, 6 a, 3.)

Type in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Carapace yellow-brown, legs paler; abdomen dull pink-brown, pale beneath; spinners pale yellow.

@. Length 15 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarq).

There is no necessity for recapitulating the characters, which are all incorporated in

the generic and specific diagnoses. ‘The species is obviously closely allied to WN. sclateri,

Poc., but, unless the great difference in the number of spines signalized above be

nothing more than characteristic of different degrees of maturity, it is decidedly distinct.

It is very interesting to be able to confirm the characters of this genus, and I am

glad to have the opportunity of figuring the more important of them. The form

undoubtedly belongs to that group of the Ctenizide for which I retain the subfamily

name Actinopodine given by Simon.

Subfam. CTENIZINA.

-This subfamily may be divided into three groups as follows :—

Eyes not in two groups, forming only a single more or less closely situated

group.

I. Tibia ii. strongly compressed at the base on the upperside . . . . . PACHYLOMERER.

II. Tibia iii. not compressed at the base.

a. Tarsi not scopulate, but set with numerous spines in the females . . CrEnizEa.

6. Tarsi i. and ii. scopulate in both sexes . . . . . . .) .).) ))06CUCYRTAUCHENIEZ.

.) ARANEIDEA.

Group PACHYLOMEREZ.

The two genera falling into this group, of which examples are recorded from Central

America, are Chorizops and Pachylomerus, Chorizops having been instituted by

Ausserer for the reception of a form called by Koch “ Actinopus loricatus.” What

this particular species may be we cannot of course say positively in the absence of

types, except that it approaches, in all probability, the genus Cyclocosmia of Hentz.

Assuming this to be the case, we may therefore characterize the two genera thus :—

1. Abdomen enlarged, truncate, and marked with very distinct muscular

depressions behind . . ... . . . . . CHorizops, Auss.

2. Abdomen not enlarged, truncate, or inatked with ateonply pronounced

muscular depressions behind . . . . ... =.=. +. +. +. . . Pacnyztomervs, Auss.

CHORIZOPS.

Chorizops, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 144 ae? 1).

Type Chorizops loricatus (C. Koch).

1. Chorizops loricatus.

Actinopus loricatus, C. Koch, Die Arachn. ix. p. 99, fig. 752 (1842) °.

Chorizops loricatus, Ausser. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 144 (1871) *; Simon, Act. Soe.

Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 827 (1892) *.

Hab. Mexico}.

This spider, judging from Koch’s figure, closely resembles Cyclocosmia truncata,

Hentz, but the position of the eyes would preclude the possibility of identity. It is

not possible, however, to say anything more definite without seeing the types.

PACHYLOMERUS.

Pachylomerus, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 145 (1871).

Type P. nidulans (Fabr.).

Tarsi 3-clawed, no ungual tuft(¢). Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. regularly, thinly, but entirely scopulate.

Tibia iii. compressed at the base above, incrassate at the apex. Eyes forming a single group. Mandible with

apical rastellum. Coxa of pedipalp not produced into a conical prominence at the anterior apical angle,

1. Pachylomerus pustulosus.

Pachylomerus pustulosus, Becker, Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. cxl (Oct. 1879) *; E. Simon,

Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 827 (1892 ?.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Van Bruyssel ).

This and the following species are unknown to me.

PACHYLOMERUS.—BOTHRIOCYRTUM. 9

2. Pachylomerus rugosus.

Pachylomerus rugosus, Karsch, Zeitschr. fiir ges. Naturw. liii. p. 388 (1880) '; E. Simon, Act. Soe.

Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 327 (1892) *.

Hab. Costa Rica}.

3. Pachylomerus zebrinus, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 8, 8a, 3.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Adult male, length 10 millim.

Carapace and mandibles deep shining black. Sternum, mouth-parts, and legs dull yellow-brown, paler

towards the apex. Pedipalps similarly coloured. Abdomen dark brown-black, with a pair of pale dorsal

spots behind each shoulder, followed to spinners by five narrow transverse recurving pale bars.

Carapace finely and entirely granulate. Thoracic fovea strongly procurved. Labium and coxe of pedipalp

studded with several cuspules. Tibia iii. three and a half times longer than broad, slightly impressed at

the base above, armed at the apex on the outer, inner side and above with upwards of ten short stout

spines. Protarsus iii. spinose above, armed at the apex above with four rather longer stouter spines.

Pedipalp similar in general form to that of others of the genus. ‘Tibia at least four times longer than

broad. Bulb globular, bilobate, its apex very long, sinuous, and filiform, directed abruptly outwards.

Tarsus iv. with five stout spines on the outer side at the apex, a not oblique row of bristles on the inner side.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

A single adult male.

Group CTENIZE.

There is one genus only of this group to which species taken in the Central-

American region are referable, viz. Bothriocyrtum, Sim. This genus, as well as the

others belonging to the group, can be recognized by the absence of the tarsal scopula_

in the female sex. The type of Bothriocyrtum is B. californicum, O. P.-Cambr., originally

described under Céeniza, from California.

BOTHRIOCYRTUM.

Bothriocyrtum, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xlix. p. 314 (1891).

1. Bothriocyrtum fabrile. (Tab. I. figg. 1, la-e, 2.)

Bothriocyrtum fabrile, EK. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. p. 827 (2)’.

Type, 2, in coll. K. Simon, Paris,

Hab. Mexico, Santiago (Forrer 1).

The type of this species has been kindly submitted to me by M. Simon. It is

distinguished from other allied genera from the Palearctic and Paleotropic regions by

the almost horizontal clypeus, which is twice as broad as the transverse diameter

of the anterior laterals. The lateral anteriors and lateral posteriors are separated by

a space much less than the longitudinal diameter of the latter, but equal to the

transverse diameter. Protarsi i. and ii. bear a few spines beneath, in addition to the

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., September 1897. of

10. ARANEIDEA.

lateral spines. ‘Tibiee iii. and iv. are armed on the outer side with numerous irregularly

set spines. Anterior row of eyes straight. Ocular area small, transversely narrow

and parallel on each side. Sternum with two sigilla in the centre.

Group CYRTAUCHENIE.

The spiders falling into the group Cyrtaucheniee may be distinguished, first, from

the Idiopee by the eyes forming one group instead of two; from the Pachylomerez

by the normal form of the tibia of the 3rd pair, not impressed at the base; from the

Ctenizeee by the thick scopula beneath the tarsi, and often the protarsi of the first

two pairs of legs; from the Aporoptyche by the short and semi-globose form of the

terminal joint of the mamille; and, lastly, from the Nemesiew by the strongly

procurved semilunar form of the thoracic fovea.

The group is represented in Central America by several genera, Lutychides, Enrico,

Favila, and Eucteniza. The first mentioned of these genera alone has more than one

species recorded—two from Central America and one from the Antilles. avila and

Eucteniza are, I believe, referable to the same genus, the name Kucteniza having

priority. Enrico is, I suspect, a good genus, for the anterior margin of the posterior

pair of sigilla is less than half the length of the sternum from the base of the labium.

These sigilla are also more elongate and attenuate posteriorly than is the case in

either Favila or Hucteniza.

The following table briefly summarizes the distinguishing characters of the three

genera which are recognizable out of the four recorded :—

A. Anterior tarsal claws ( 2) with five long teeth besides a large bifid basal

tooth. Palpal claw with six short teeth. Sternum not much longer than

broad. Patella iv. not armed on outer side at base with cuspules. Legs

clothed with short thickly set hairs. Tarsus iv. with a thick tuft of hair

beneath. Scopula beneath protarsi and tarsi i. and ii.( ¢) very thick. Eurycnipzs, E. Sim.

B. Anterior tarsal claws ( ?) with, at most, two (ucteniza) teeth besides

a large bifid basal tooth. Palpal claw with a large bifid basal tooth,

and a single tooth towards apex, on inner side. Sternum considerably

longer than broad. Patella iv. armed at base on outer side with

cuspules. Legs very sparsely clothed with short hairs. Tarsus iv.

without a thick tuft of short hair beneath. Scopula beneath protarsi

and tarsi i. and ii. ( 9 ) less dense (in Hucteniza very slight).

a. Posterior sternal sigilla elongate-piriform, attenuate behind; their

anterior margin extending more than halfway from the base of the

sternum to the base of the labium. Labial plate more elongate-

OVAL eg ea eae is ey ee et ee es eo eioo; O. P.-Cambr-.

6. Posterior sternal sigilla short-piriform, less attenuate behind; their

anterior margin extending less than halfway from the base of the

sternum to the base of the labium. Labial plate more semicircular. Evcreniza, Auss.

EUTYCHIDES. 11

Of these three genera, the first is very distinct, so far as one is able to judge from

the type, #. aurantiacus, Sim.,—the toothing of the tarsal claws, consisting of a large

bifid basal tooth and five simple teeth, being very different from the single bifid tooth

found in the females of Hucteniza and Hnrico. It must, however, be remembered that

in the males of these and many other genera of this family the teeth of the tarsal claws

are much more numerous, forming a thick comb of long clustered denticles at the base,

followed by a row of simple teeth, and also that the coxe of the pedipalp are not spinose

in the males as they are in the other sex. It must be further noted that in the males

(so far as I have been in a position to observe) the tarsi only are scopulate. I am

unable to regard Favila relatus, O. P.-Cambr., as generically distinct from Hucteniza

mexicana, Auss.,—though one is not justified in considering it specifically identical, the

more so since the type (?) of the latter, which is now before me, is most probably

immature. ‘The sternal sigilla of these two forms are similar in character and position.

Enrico mexicanus, O. P.-Cambr., however, appears to be quite distinct from the other

two types in the character of the sigilla on the one hand and the armature of the

legs on the other.

It is not possible to be quite confident over these points of classification in the

absence of material.

EUTYCHIDES.

Eutychides*, EK. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 213.

1. Kutychides aurantiacus. (Tab. I. figg. 8,3 a-f, 2.)

Eutychides aurantiacus, E. Simon, Ann. Scc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 213 (2)'; Act. Soc. Linn. Bord.

xliv. p. 328 (1892) *.

Type, @, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Mexico !?.

This fine species, of which the type has been submitted to me for examination by

M. Simon, can readily be recognized by the characteristic sigilla on the sternum and

the golden-yellow hairs on the abdomen.

2. Kutychides dugesi.

Eutychides dugesi, EK. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 2141; Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 828

(1892) *.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Mexico (Dugés').

I have not seen a specimen of this species.

* Misprinted Entychides.

12 ARANEIDEA.

ENRICO.

Enrico, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Am., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 157 (1895).

1. Enrico mexicanus. (Tab. I. figg. 7, 7 a, 6, 2.)

Enrico mexicanus, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 157, t. 19. figg. 8, 8 a-c (2) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith +).

EUCTENIZA.

Eucteniza, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 148 (1876).

Favila, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Am., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 156 (1895).

1. Eucteniza mexicana. (Tab. I. figg. 2, 2a-f, 2.)

Eucteniza mexicana, Auss. loc. cit. p. 149, t. 5. figg. 8, 9°; H. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. p. 110

(1892); Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 328 (1892) *. |

Type, 2, in Brit. Mus., ex coll. Keyserling.

Measurements of type:—Total length 18°75 millim. Oarapace 5°5x4; ceph. area 4; stern. 3:5x2°5;

pedipalp 9. Legs: 1.13; ii. 5; il. —; iv. 14.

Legs. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. scopulate beneath. Pedipalp: tarsus with single claw, unidentate, with 6-7

irregular spines beneath; tibia with 8 spines towards apex on inner side. Tarsus i. with 2 small spines

towards apex, beneath; protarsus i. with 6 irregular spines beneath (3 at apex, 2 on outer side, 1 on

inner side), Tarsus ii. with 2-3 small spines towards apex, beneath; protarsus ii. with 6 irregular

spines beneath (3 at apex, 2 on outer side, 1 on inner side). Tibie i. and ii. without any spines. Patella iii.

with numerous spines above and a row along apical margin, with a row also on posterior side. Tibia iii.

with 6 spines on anterior side and a row of numerous spines along apical margin; 2 long spines and 3 on

apical margin beneath. Protarsus iii. with 6—7 spines on each side, 3 spines and 4 on apical margin

beneath. Tarsus iii. with 1-2 small spines on anterior side and 1-2 beneath. Femur iv. with 4 spines

on apical margin above; patella iv. with 6-7 spines on anterior side towards base. Tibia iv. with no

spines above or on sides, 3 bristles beneath. Protarsus iv. with no spines above, with 5 spines beneath,

and 3 longer ones on apical margin beneath. Tarsus iv. with 7-8 short spines beneath.

Eyes. Set in two rows, equal in width; anterior procurved, posterior recurved. Anterior centrals 3? of a

diameter apart, one fuil diameter from laterals. Laterals larger, their longitudinal diameter 3 greater

than diameter of anterior centrals. Central posteriors circular-piriform, over four diameters apart, one-

quarter diameter from centrals, the same from lateral posteriors; diameter of lateral posteriors slightly

greater than that of central posteriors, themselves situated within 4 a diameter of laterai anteriors.

Central ocular quadrangle two and a half times broader than long, anterior side much narrower than

posterior. Anterior centrals one diameter from anterior margin; laterals one-quarter a diameter from

anterior margin.

Carapace one-half longer than broad, narrowed behind; cephalic area two-thirds of carapace, well marked,

convex, broad in front, gradually narrowed to central fovea, which is deep and strongly procurved ;

thoracic indentations deep.

Mandables stout, flat on inner side, externally and dorsally convex. Apical sixth of basal joint armed with

numerous cusps on inner margin, becoming longer and stouter at apex, five especially longer on inner

apex, others smaller along apical margin, none on dorsal apical disc. Inner margin of fang-groove with 9

stout denticles, outer margin with 14 small denticles, irregularly situate.

Sternum (including labial plate) not quite twice its breadth; attenuate in front, broader behind. The point

of its greatest width opposite coxe iii.; from this point abruptly narrowed and terminating between

coxe iv. in a point, One pair of sigilla distinctly marked opposite coxe ii.; another, scarcely visible,

EUCTENIZA. 13

opposite coxe i. ; base of labial plate defined by a deep procurved impression. Centre of sternum with a

very shallow quadrate impression just behind the middle.

Coxa of pedipalp twice its breadth, anterior distal angle slightly produced, entirely but sparingly studded with

minute cuspules over anterior side of disc, more concentrated at anterior basal angle. Labial plate as long

as broad, semicircular, studded towards apex with 6 or 7 cuspules.

Tarsal claws. Pedipalp with one claw, having one small denticle towards apex and a large bifid basal tooth.

Legs with three tarsal claws, inferior simple, superiors with one or two smaller denticles towards apex

and a larger bifid basal tooth *.

Hab. Mexico}.

The type, from which the above fresh description is taken, appears to be immature ;

this would account for the very scanty tarsal scopula.

2. Eucteniza relata.

Favila relatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Am., Arachn. Aran. p. 156, t. 19. figg. 6, 6a-6f(3)’:

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero, 6000 feet (H. H. Smith 1).

This species, of which a single specimen, a male, was obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith, is

undoubtedly congeneric with Eucteniza mexicana, Auss., so far as a careful comparison

of the types justifies one in concluding.

Fam. THERAPHOSIDA.

The sense in which I use this family name, as distinct from the Ctenizide and

Dipluride, is one in which all the groups embraced by M. Simon [Hist. Nat. Ar.

p. 132 (1892)] in his subfamily Aviculariine are included, thus covering the whole

Neotropical and Oriental regions.

The family will in all probability fall eventually into various natural subfamilies, of

which the only one that here concerns us, the Theraphosine, may be regarded as

including all the closely allied genera indigenous to the Neotropical region. The

principal of these are Eurypelma, Avicularia, Tapinauchenius, Homeomma, Lasiodora,

Aenesthis, Sericopelma, Spherobothria, Metriopelma, Crypsidromus, &c.

There appears to be no sufficient reason, so far as the material to hand enables one

to judge, for drawing very hard-and-fast lines between the numerous forms included in

the subfam. Theraphosine, based on the division of the tarsal pad or the presence of

the femoral pad, and certainly not on the extent of the scopulation of protarsus il.

(Homeomma).

I am so far unable to satisfy myself that either Ischnocolus, Auss., Chaetopelma,

Auss., or Cratorrhagus, Simon, whose types are Eastern forms, have really any

genuinely congeneric representatives in the West. So much confusion has arisen

owing to a character, found commonly in immature forms, having been seized upon as

* T am unable to confirm by careful examination of the type specimen the figures of the tarsal appendages

given by Ausserer.

14 ARANEIDEA.

of sectional value, including several distinct genera, that it is necessary, considering

the difficulty of distinguishing mature from immature forms in this suborder, to be

very cautious of including forms in the same genus on the grounds of a similarity in

this respect. Caution is still more necessary in the case of forms from widely separate

regions of the world.

Subfam. THERAPHOSINA.

A. Femur iv. with a distinct thick pad on the inner side.

a. Tibia i. (g) with no spurs at the apex beneath.

Protarsus iv. with no thick scopula on the inner side . . Sxericoprtma, Auss.

6. Tibia i. (3) with two short spurs at the apex beneath.

Protarsus iv. with a thick scopula on the inner side. . . Xenesrutis, E. Simon.

B. Femur iv. without distinct thick pad on the inner side or

only a pair of hairs similar to those on the other segments

of the legs.

i. Tibize and protarsi iii. and iv. without spines, or at most

one or two.

a. Carapace more or less convex, anterior row of eyes

strongly procurved . . . ...... =. . +. <Avicunarta, Lam.

6. Carapace more decidedly flat, anterior row of eyes

straight. 2. 2. 2. ee. we we ee ee 6TaAPINAUCHENIUS, Auss.

ii. Tibize and protarsi 11. and iv. with numerous spines.

a. Scopula beneath the tarsi not divided longitudinally by

a narrow band (or row) of set or spines.

a*, Tibial spurs more or less long and slender. Apex of

labium studded with numerous cuspules, closely

clustered.

1. Thoracic fovea normal, transverse, concave . . Euryprrtma, C. Koch.

2. Thoracic fovea abnormal, circular, with central

conical development . . . . . . . . . . SpHa#rozoruria, Karsch.

6*, Tibial spurs very short and stout. Apex of labium

studded with a few scattered cuspules only. - Parapuysa, E. Simon.

6. Scopula beneath the tarsi divided longitudinally by a

band (or row) of spines or setz.

1*, Scopula divided by a row of fine setz.

* Scopula beneath tarsus iv. only so divided.

aa. Tibia i. (3) with two long spurs at the apex

beneath . 2... . ee, Hapatopus, Auss.

6b, Tibia i. (3) with one spur only, or none, at

the apex beneath.

1. Tibia i. (d) with one spur only (spinigerous)

on the inner side at the apex beneath and

several (7-8) spines on the outer side. Pro-

tarsus li. scopulate to the base . . . . SCHIZOPELMA, gen. nov.

SERICOPELMA. 15

2. Tibia i. (¢) without spurs, but with two pairs

of spines at the apex beneath. Protarsus 1.

scopulate on the apical half only . . . . Merrropenma, Becker.

** Scopula beneath the tarsi ili. and iv., or 1., i1., i11.,

and iv.,so divided . . . . . . (No Central-American genera yet discovered.)

ii*. Scopula divided by a row of spines. Scopula of

tarsi i., ii., li, & iv.sodivided . . . . . . . ACANTHOPELMA, gen. nov.

SERICOPELMA.

Eurypelma, subg. Sericopelma, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 195 (1875).

Femur iy. with a thick scopuliform pad on the inner side. Tibia i. with a few spines only (no spurs) at

the apex beneath. Tibia and patella i. equal in length to tibia and patella iv. Carapace longer than

broad.

The above diagnosis is based on spiders which evidently belong to this genus as

subsequently characterized by Simon. His diagnosis of the eye-position, however, does

not apply: “ Oculi antici intervallum mediorum oculo angustius”; neither does the

diagnosis where he separates Theraphosa and Sericopelma from Acanthoscurria: *¢ Oculi

antici in lineam valde procurvam (margine antico mediorum pone marginem posticum

lateralium sito),” for the former; and for Sericopelma: “ Oculi antici in lineam minus

procurvam (margine antico mediorum ante centrum lateralium sito).” This latter

characterization applies exactly to the four males before me from Chiriqui, the same

locality from whence Simon’s specimen, which he identifies as Sericopelma rubronitens,

Auss., was obtained.

Hither this characterization of the eye-position is not of generic importance, but

merely specific, or even perhaps individual, as I strongly suspect, or it is of generic

importance. In the latter case the four males from Chiriqui would belong to a

new genus between Acanthoscurria and Sericopelma, differing from the former by the

absence of spurs beneath tibia i. and from the latter by the eye-position.

I do not, however, believe that these males are generically distinct from those of

Sericopelma, and I therefore diagnose the genus by the same characters as those given

by Simon, but without laying stress on the eye-position, for I fully expect Simon’s

male from Chiriqui and mine from the same place to belong at any rate to the same

genus, even if they are not specifically identical.

1. Sericopelma communis, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 11, 11 a-c, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

é. Total length 70 millim. Carap, 27-25 x 23-25; ceph. area 17. Legs: i. 94; ii. 88; iii. 88; iv. 106.

Pat.+tib. i. 29; iv. 29. Prot.i.17; iv. 26. Oc. tumulus 3:5 x8.

3. Body and legs entirely coffee-brown, the carapace, femora, abdomen, and lower parts darker. The patelle

and tibie of all four pairs of legs with the normal double lines paler russet-brown. Protarsi i. and ii.

with a sinuous bar of russet-brown passing from the outer side at the base to the inner side towards the

apex. Legs of first two pairs clothed with short russet-brown hairs, of third and fourth pairs with

16 ARANEIDEA.

longer russet-brown hairs. Anterior and lateral margins of the carapace fringed with rufous hairs.

Abdomen clothed with long rufous hairs. : ;

Carapace a little longer than broad. Central fovea small, transverse-oval, straight. Ocular tumulus a little

broader than long. Anterior row procurved ; anterior margin of centrals cutting the middle of laterals,

at least one diameter apart (often more), scarcely one diameter to laterals. Longitudinal diameter of

laterals greater than diameter of centrals. Sternum longer than broad (12+9), not including labial

plate; the latter at the apex, as well as the base of the coxa of pedipalp on the anterior basal angle,

studded with numerous cuspules. Protarsi i. and ii. scopulate to the base, and of ii. spinose at the base.

Protarsus iii. scopulate on the apical half, of iv. not scopulate, or very slightly 80 at the apex. Femora,

tibie, and protarsi more or less spinose, especially iii. and iv. Femur iv. with thick scopulate pad on

inner side. Tibia i. with one spine on the outer side and two or three spines on the inner side at the

apex beneath. No spurs.

Pedipalp.—Tibia with 5-6 spines on the inner side. Bulb from outer side piriform, truncate and broadly

dilate and spatuliform at the apex. Margins cariniform and raised, the apex terminating in a short

stout tooth. One central sinuous carina only at the back.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion).

The type of this species, together with three other specimens, all adult males, were

taken by Mr. Champion in Chiriqui. Unfortunately, no females were found. It is

highly possible that this species is identical with Sericopelma rubronitens, Auss., or

Theraphosa panamana, Karsch, or with both; but I believe it to be distinct from

the form which Simon regards as identical with the former. Since no satisfactory

conclusion can be arrived at save by an examination of the specimens involved, I have

described the form taken by Mr. Champion as a new species.

2. Sericopelma rubronitens.

Sericopelma rubronitens, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 195, t. 7. fig. 37"; E. Simon,

Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 3327.

Type, 3, in Zool. Hofmuseum in Wien.

Hab. Panama! 2, Chiriqui 2.

3. Sericopelma panamana.

Theraphosa panamana, Karsch, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. liii. p. 845 (1880) '.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (ibbe, in Mus. Berol.1).

Simon regards this as identical with 8. rubronitens, Auss., since it was taken in the

same locality.

Without examining the specimen I cannot offer an opinion. Karsch’s descriptions

are inadequate.

XENESTHIS.

Xenesthis, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 382 (1890).

Femur iv. with a thick scopuliform pad on the inner side. Tibia i. (¢) with two stout spurs on the inner

side at the apex. Protarsus iv. thickly scopulate on the inner side. Tarsi not divided by a row of sete.

XENESTHIS.—EURYPELMA. 17

1. Xenesthis colombiana.

Xenesthis colombiana, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 333°.

Type, ¢, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Panama },

I have not seen a specimen of this species.

SPHROBOTHRIA.

Spherobothria, Karsch, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. lii. p. 535 (1879).

Femur iv. without a scopuliform pad on the inner side. Thoracic fovea circular, with large conical tumulus

occupying the centre. Tibiai.(¢) with two spurs at the apex beneath. Legs, especially tibia and

protarsi ili. and iv., spinose. Tarsal scopula not divided by a row of sete.

1. Spherobothria hoffmanni. (Tab. I. figg. 12, 12 a-d, ¢.)

Spherobothria hoffmanni, Karsch, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. lii. p. 536, t. 7. figg. 1, 2 (1879) ';

E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 337’; O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn.

Aran. p. 89, t. 12. figg. 1, la (9), 2,2a-d(<¢)*.

Hab. Costa Rica (Hoffmann, in Mus. Berol.? ; Rogers *), San José (Tristan).

It is more than probable that the forms figured in our first volume? are identical

with Karsch’s species, though it will be difficult to decide with certainty should other

species of the genus be found in the same locality.

EURYPELMA.

Eurypelma, C. Koch, Uber. Arachn. v. p. 73 (1850).

Brachypelma, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 338 (1890).

Type Eurypelma avicularia, C. Koch, Uber Arachn. v. p. 73 (1850) (nec Linn.) = Zurypelma rubropilosa, Auss.

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 213; E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 166 (1892).

Femur iv. without scopuliform pad on the inner side. Protarsus iv. without scopuliform pad on the inner

side. Legs very spinose, more or less hairy, longer and more slender, shorter and stouter. Carapace

longer than, or as long as, broad. Protarsus ii. scopulate to the base. Apical half, apical third, or only

extreme apex of protarsus iv. scopulate. Tarsal scopula not divided by a row of sete. Tibia i. (d )

armed with two spurs, of greater or less length and strength. Labium with numerous spinules at

the apex.

Males.

I. Legs, carapace, and abdomen clothed with simple hairs and pube-

scence. Sternum not more than one-sixth longer than broad.

A. Carapace entirely clothed with pale grey or rose-grey pubescence

(cephalic area suffused with brown). Apical half of protarsus iv.

scopulate.

a. Tibie and base of protarsi of legs clothed with long fiery-red

hairs . oe ee ee ee ee ee ee ww ww emilia, White.

BIOL. CENTR. AMER., Arach. Aran., Vol. II., September 1897. pf

18 ——

b. Legs entirely clothed with brown hairs.

1. Bulb of palpus short, lanceolate, truncate. Protarsus i. slightly

longer than tibiai. Patella + tibia i. slightly shorter than

patellat+tibiaiv., . . . ‘ a ae ee

2. Bulb of palpus elongate, aculeate, geniculate at apex. Pro-

tarsus i. slightly shorter than tibia i. Patella + tibia i. as long

as patella +tibia iv.

B. Carapace entirely clothed with sandy- brown, ‘dark. brown, or + black

pubescence. Apical third, or extreme apex only, of protarsus iv.

scopulate.

i, Protarsus i. straight throughout. Protarsus iv. much longer than

carapace, almost as long as patella + tibia iv. taken together.

1. Protarsus iv. only one-fifth longer than cephalic area. Bulb

shorter, more abruptly geniculate, and more spatuliform

at apex; serrations on lower margin coarser ; exhibiting on

inner side, at apex, a distinct central carina . Le

9, Protarsus iv. nearly one-third longer than cephalic area.

Bulb longer, less abruptly geniculate, more aculeate at

apex ; serrations on lower margin very minute; inner side,

at apex, without central carina

ii. Protarsus i., in profile, curved at base; protarsus iv. scarcely

longer than carapace, not longer than tibia + half patella iv.

a. Bulb of palpus elongate and more or less aculeate at apex.

i. Bulb more or less abruptly geniculate towards apex.

1. Bulb very abruptly geniculate towards apex, not spatuli-

form viewed from in front, but aculeate and abruptly

and evenly curved outwards, its apex being broadly

potted . . . - woe ee er

2. Bulb less abruptly geniculate towards apex, spatuliform

viewed from in front, aculeate, slightly sinuous, and

less abruptly curved outwards . ‘ 5

ii. Bulb gradually curved towards apex ; viewed from in front

almost straight, less strongly curved outwards

b. Bulb of palpus shorter, truncate, broad-spatuliform at apex.

1. Size much larger: length 40-55 millim. Bulb much longer,

broader spatuliform, and concave in front at apex. Tibia

of palpus with 2 or 3 spines on inner side .

2, Size much smaller: length 30 millim. Bulb much shorter,

narrower and more attenuate towards apex. Tibia of

palpus with 4 or 5 spines on inner side .

II. Legs, carapace, and abdomen clothed with thick, tufted, woolly pube-

scence. Sternum one-third longer than broad. Protarsus iv. without

any scopula. Tibia i. with double spur beneath. Palpal bulb

broad, spatuliform, with 3 to 5 shallow carinze behind .

caniceps, EK. Sim.

pallidum, sp. 0.

serratum, E. Sim.

lonyipes, sp. 1.

truncatum, sp. n.

spatulatum, sp. n.

rusticum, E. Sim.

vagans, Auss.

lanceolatum, E. Sim.

mesomelas, O. P.-Cambr.

EURYPELMA. 19

Females.

A. Carapace entirely clothed with pale rosy-grey pubescence. Carapace

scarcely longer than broad. Apical half of protarsus iv. scopulate.

1. Patellee, apex of tibiz, and protarsi clothed with dull red hairs.

Protarsus i. shorter than length of cephalic area . . . . . smithi, sp. n.

2.* Legs entirely clothed with brown hairs, not annulated with red.

Protarsus i. not shorter than cephalic area . . . . . . . . pallidum, sp. n.

B. Carapace entirely clothed with sandy-grey or chocolate-brown pube-

scence. Carapace always distinctly longer than broad. Apical third,

or extreme apex only, of protarsus iv. scopulate.

a. Legs with distinct pale longitudinal lines on the base of the pro-

tarsi and on the dorsal surface of the tibie and patelle, and

indistinctly on the femora.

1. Carapace much longer than broad (23 x 18 millim.). Body much

paler yellow, sandy-grey. Abdomen not clothed with fiery-red

hairs. .. 2 ee - oe +.) 6Seemanni, sp. Nn.

2. Carapace alittle longer than broad (26 x 24 millim.), " Body much

darker, brown. Abdomen clothed with long fiery-red hairs . sabulosum, sp. n.

6. Legs without pale lines; unicolorous brown.

1. Protarsus iv. not or scarcely longer than cephalic area. . . . vagans, Auss.

2. Protarsus iv. much longer than cephalic area (20 5—15°5 millim.).

aa. Patella + tibia i. equal to carapace.

Patella+tibia i. longer than patella+tibiaiv. . . . . . Jongipes, sp.n.

bb. Patella+ tibia i. much shorter than carapace.

Patella + tibia i. a little shorter than patella+tibia iv. . . . panamense, E. Sim.

Notr.—At first sight, the differences in the eye-positions would appear to afford good distinctive specific

characters. Careful comparison of numerous specimens, however, proves that these being very liable to

individual variation are not to be relied upon for purposes of specific identification and distinction. The best

characters I have been able to find are those furnished by the colour of the hairy clothing and the comparative

measurements of the posterior protarsi and the carapace and cephalic area. These characters cannot be con-

sidered as thoroughly satisfactory, but they must suffice in the absence of better ones.

1. Kurypelma emilia. (Tab. II. figg. 5, 5a,0, 3.)

Mygale emilia, White, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 185, t. 43°.

Brachypelma emilia, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 338 (1890)*; Hist. Nat. Araign.

éd. 2,1. p. 168 (1892) *.

Type non-existent. Type of genus Brachypelma in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

o. Carap., length 24, breadth 22 millim.; ceph. area, length 16; ocular tumulus 3x 2°5; mandib. 10.

Legs: 1.78; ii. 73; iii. 68; iv. 81—i. fem. 19, pat. 10, tib. 18, prot. 14, tars. 10-—ii. fem. 11, pat. 9,

tib. 12, prot. 13, tars. 10—ili. fem. 15, pat. 8°5, tib. 12, prot. 13, tars. 9°5—iv. fem. 19, pat. 10,

tib. 15, prot. 18, tars. 11 millim.

* The females of HL. emelia, White, and L. caniceps, K. Sim., are not ‘enowni but will probably fall in this

section.

pf 2

20 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad and Ventanas? in Durango (Forrer: ¢); Panama (coll.

Simon: 3g); CentraL America (Seemann 1).

Besides the original type described by White, two adult males were captured by

Mr. Forrer in Mexico, and one adult male exists in the collection of M. HE. Simon.

The above measurements were taken from this last-mentioned specimen. No temales

have yet been found apparently, and therefore no notes as to the habits of this fine

species have been made.

I am unable to recognize the generic distinction between Brachypelma, Simon, and

Eurypelma, Koch, based on the fact of the apical half of protarsus iv. being scopulate

and the legs clothed with long hairs. Eurypelma vagans presents these characters,

and of the numerous species before me which I assign to Eurypelma there are

intermediates in the case of both of them.

I believe, however, that the characters noted by M. Simon indicate a number of

species which perhaps make up a natural and convenient group in the genus.

2. HKurypelma smithi, sp.n. (Tab. I. fig. 4, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 60 millim. Carap., length 21, breadth 20; ceph. area 13°5; ocular tumulus 2°5 x 2; mand. 9°5.

Legs: i. 73°5; ii. 70; iii. 68; iv. 81—i. tib.+pat. 23, tib. 13°5, prot. 12°5—iv. tib.+ pat. 23, tib. 15,

prot. 19 millim. Tarsal claws not toothed.

@. Carapace pale orange, cephalic area suffused with brown ; anterior margin fringed with orange-rose hairs.

Mandibles dark grey, clothed with long rose-coloured hairs. Abdomen clothed with dark velvety-brown

pubescence, intersprinkled with long dull orange hairs. Sternum and coxe of legs deep brown. Labium

and cox of pedipalps paler. Femora of legs deep brown, fringed with long hairs beneath. Patelle dull

orange, clothed with long hairs. Tibi black in their basal half, dull orange in their apical half, clothed

entirely with dull orange hairs. Protarsi almost entirely black, their apex dull orange, clothed throughout

with long orange-grey hairs. Pedipalps of the same colour as the legs.

Differs little from the typical forms of the genus Zurypelma. Carapace almost as long as broad and flat.

Fovea small, transverse, recurved. Tibia+ patella i. as long as tibia+patella iv. Protarsus iv. clothed

beneath in the apical half with a thick scopula.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero 1000 feet (H. H. Smith).

At first sight, this interesting form might be taken for E. emilia (White), but in the

three males of the latter before me the patella of the legs is entirely dark brown, while

the hairs on the tibie and protarsi are of a much more fiery orange-red. Although so

strikingly alike in general appearance, I have not the slightest hesitation in describing

the single female from Dos Arroyos asa new species. The tarsal claws in the males above

referred to E. emilia are toothed, while those of the present form are not. Mr. Smith

says :—“ The red-legged species makes deep holes in banks, with a silken lining and

slight exterior web.” It appears also highly possible that this form is the female of

Eurypelma mesomelas, O. P.-Cambr., but the entire absence of the thick tufted hair so

noticeable on the carapace, femora, and other joints of the legs in this latter species

prevents me from recognizing them as identical. N

EURYPELMA. 21

8. Hurypelma pallidum, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 17, 17 a-c, ¢.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 45 millim. Carap.17°5x16; ceph. areal2. Legs: i. 66; ii. 62; iii.60; iv. 70. Patella+

tibia i. 19°5; iv. 19°5. Protarsus i. 12; iv. 16. Tarsal claws toothed.

3. Carapace clothed with dull rose-grey pubescence. Legs brown, with short red-brown hairs. Abdomen

clothed with pale brown hairs.

Similar in general characters to other members of the genus, Tibia i. with a pair of stout spurs, the outer

one more or less claviform. Protarsus i. not longer than tibia i. and as long as cephalic area; slightly

curved at the base, seen in profile; protarsus iv. not so long as the carapace. Scopula beneath pro-

tarsus iv. extending halfway along the joint from the apex.

Palpal bulb elongate-piriform, attenuate, slightly compressed and directed upwards at the apex, lateral view ;

apex directed abruptly outwards, front view. Apical third of the labium and inner anterior basal angle

of the coxa of the pedipalp studded with numerous minute cuspules.

The female closely resembles the male. It has the abdomen clothed with brown and scattered fiery-red hairs.

Hab. Mexico, Chihuahua (Montague Kerr: 3), Amula and Venta de Zopilote in

Guerrero (H. H. Smith: @ ).

This fine species is closely allied to E. caniceps, Sim., though the form of the palpal

bulb will prevent any confusion between the species. It is highly probable that the

females recorded here belong to the two males here named L#. pallidum rather than to

i. caniceps.

This spider presents the characters of Brachypelma, Sim. ‘Two adult males were

taken by W. Montague Kerr in Chihuahua, and two adult females, and one young

specimen of the same sex, by H. H. Smith in Guerrero.

4. Kurypelma caniceps. (Tab. II. figg. 6, 6a, 6, 3.)

Eurypelma caniceps, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 336, and p. 334, fig. 3°.

Type, ¢, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

¢é. Total length 41 millim. Carap.18°5x18; ceph.area 13. Legs: i. 70; ii. 67; iii. 65; iv. 78—i. fem. 17,

pat. 9, tib. 12, prot. 14, tars. 9—iv. fem. 18, pat. 8, tib. 14, prot. 17-5, tars. 9°5 millim.

The distinguishing feature in this beautiful form is the pale rose-grey pubescence on the carapace; otherwise

the colour is similar to that of all the brown species of Hurypelma. Legs clothed with thick hair. Tarsal

claws toothed. Abdomen clothed with long orange-red hairs.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato 1.

The type of this species has been submitted to me by M. E. Simon.

5. Hurypelma longipes, sp.n. (Tab. I. tigg. 15, 15 a-e, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

¢. Total length 46 millim. Carap. 18 long., 16 lat.; ceph. area 12. Legs: i. 80; ii. 75; ili. 70; iv. 85.

Patella+ tibia i. 25; iv. 24. Protarsi: i, 15°53; iv. 24 millim.

3. Entirely clothed with brown and sandy-grey hairs. Abdomen clothed with red-grey hairs. Ocular tumulus

twice as broad as long. Legs very long andslender. Protarsus i. longer than cephalic area, straight. Pro-

tarsus iv. much longer than the carapace. Scopula present on the extreme apex of protarsus iv. only.

Tibia i. with a pair of elongate more or less slender spurs, the outer spur with two spines near the apex.

Apical third of the labium and inner anterior basal angle of coxa of pedipalp studded with numerous

rae ARANEIDEA.

minute cuspules. Palpal bulb short, piriform, sinuous. depressed at the apex, not much attenuate, with

very minute serrations beneath. ‘Tibia of palpus with four or five stout spines on the inner side.

Q. Total length 58 millim. Carap. 24x21; ceph. area 15:5. Oc. tumulus 3:25 x 2°5, Legs: i. 77; ul. 71;

iii. 66; iv. 83. Pat.+tib. i. 24; iv. 23. Tib. i. 14; prot. i, 125. Tib. iv. 15; prot. iv. 20°5.

Tarsus i. 9-5; tarsus iv. 9°5 millim.

@. Mahogany-brown, clothed entirely with rufous-brown hairs. Abdomen clothed with darker brown

pubescence and long rufous-orange hairs.

Carapace gibbous in the cephalic area, profile view. Lateral impressions broad and strongly marked. Fovea

straight, transverse, deep. Superior pair of spinners as long as the sternum (including labial plate).

Protarsus i. scopulate to the base, not spinous at the base. Tibiwi. andii. with a few spines. Protarsi iii.

and iv. with numerous spines beneath, iii. scopulate halfway, iv. scopulate only at the extreme apex.

Tibiee iii. and iv, with a few spines beneath. Tarsal claws with eight or nine small teeth.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. lI. Smith); Guatemata, Chicoyoito (Sarg, von

Lurckheim), Cubilguitz, Coban, Salama, Rabinal (Sarg).

A single adult male (no. 410) was taken by Mr. Sarg at Chicoyoito. This specimen

was found by Herr von Turckheim in his house. An adult female (no. 379) was also

found by the same gentleman on his bed, fallen from the thatched roof. Called by the

natives “araiia de caballo,” who believe that they injure horses and mules by biting

them above the hoof, which drops off and renders the animal useless for a year or

more. Mr. Sarg says, ‘‘ I have myself seen the effects, but am suspicious as to the cause.”

He further remarks that the late S. Bernoulli noticed “arafas de caballo using

short horsehair for lining their nests in the ground.” ‘This is probably an error of

observation, for the short hairs seen were doubtless those shed by the spider itself.

At Salama and Rabinal, says Mr. Sarg, where “arafias de caballo” abound, little boys

capture them by “ bobbing” with a pellet of wax on a string. ‘The mandibles become

fixed and the “arafia” is withdrawn from the burrow; subsequently the captives are

set to fight in pairs, and afford “excellent sport.”

Three apparently immature examples of this same species are recorded by Mr. Sarg—

one from Coban (no. 1254), one from Cubilguitz (no. 796), and one (no. 1525) without

definite locality. Unfortunately the collector has not noted the conditions under which

these specimens were captured.

Mr. Smith makes the following note:—“ No. 532. Teapa, March 14, under a log,

shady place, with egg-case (enclosed).”

_ Iam unable to separate this specimen from examples of what I take to be the young

of E. longipes, though from the note furnished by Mr. Smith one would suspect it to

be adult. If this is the case, more examples will be required before the distinctive

characters can be diagnosed. The legs of no, 532 present more distinctly the double

pale line on the patellee and tibie than the others, which, as young specimens, I refer

to L. longipes; so that it is not at all improbable that the former may eventually turn

out to belong to a separate species.

EURYPELMA. 23

6. Eurypelma serratum, (Tab. I. figg. 16, 16a-¢, ¢.)

Eurypelma serratum, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 336, and p. 334, fig. 4°,

Type, d, in coll. E, Simon, Paris.

3. Total length 30-35 millim. Carap.15 x 145; ceph. area 10. Legs: 1.66; i1. 62; ii, 57; iv. 70—i. fem.

16, pat. 8, tib. 12, prot. 12, tars. 9—iv. fem. 15, pat. 6-5, tib. 13, prot. 18, tars. 9°5 millim.

Entirely brown, of the hue usually presented by species of the genus. Legs very long. Posterior protarsi

almost as long as the tibia and patella together. Legs clothed with very short hairs. Tarsal claws

toothed.

Hab. Mexico}.

‘The type of this species has been kindly submitted to me by M. E. Simon.

7. Hurypelma truncatum, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 21, 214, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman and Salvin.

3. Total length 26 millim, Carap. 183x115; abd. 13; sternum 6x6; coxa of pedipalp 6 x 25; mandible 6.

Legs: i. 49; ii. 46; iii, 44-5; iv. 55—4. coxa 6, troch. 2°5, fem. 12°5, pat. 6, tib. 10, prot. 8°5, tars. 7—

ii. coxa 5, troch. 2°5, fem. 11, pat. 5°25, tib. 8, prot. 8°5, tars. 5—iil. coxa 5, troch. 2°5, fem. 10, pat. 5,

tib. 7°5, prot. 9, tars. 5-5—iv. coxa 5, troch. 2°5, fem. 13-5, pat. 5:5, tib. 10, prot. 12°5, tars. 6-75. Ocular

tumulus 2x1, anterior marg. 6; clypeus 0°5, anterior marg. to fovea 9, fovea to post. marg. 4°75 ;

mam. sup. 5 millim.

¢. Carapace mahogany-brown, clothed with ferruginous hairs. Sternum and coxe of legs clothed with darker

ferruginous hairs; coxe of pedipalp paler, the inner margin fringed with rufous hairs. Legs pale sandy-

ferruginous. Abdomen dark brown, clothed with ferruginous hairs. Mandibles brown, clothed with

ferruginous hairs; margins of fang-groove clothed with rufous hairs.

Carapace very little longer than broad. Fovea placed more than two-thirds towards the base. Eye-tumulus twice

as broad as long; central portion raised, bearing central anterior eyes. Anterior row of eyes procurved,

almost equidistant; centrals one diameter apart, three-fourths diameter from laterals. Posterior laterals

and centrals contiguous, almost one diameter ot former from anterior laterals. Sternum longer than

broad, Sigilla 3, submarginal. Labial plate broader than long (or almost the same), its apical fourth

studded with numerous minute cuspules. Coxa of pedipalp scarcely twice its width, distal, the anterior

angle slightly produced; basal anterior angle studded with minute cuspules. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3, spinose,

especially tibiee and protarsi iii, and iv. beneath. Tibia i. with a bilobate process at the apex beneath ;

outer branch twice as long as the inner, curved inwards and upwards. Protarsus 1. slightly curved at base.

Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. entirely and thickly scopulate. Tarsi ili, and iy. entirely scopulate. Pro-

tarsus iii. with apical two-thirds svopulate ; iv. with apex only scopulate and spinose. Pedipalp: Tibie

set with 9-10 spines on the inner side, a cluster of five or six at the apex. Tarsus short, globose ;

bulb normal; apex prolonged, slightly spatuliform, abruptly curved outwards at the extremity.

Hab. Mexico (fF. D. Godman).

Two males. ‘This species appears to be closely allied to E£. caniceps, Sim., but has

twice as many spines on the inner side of the tibia of the pedipalp, whilst the bulb is

much more prolonged at the apex and more abruptly curved outwards (see Simon’s fig.,

Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 334, fig. 3).

Protarsus i. being shorter than tibia i. precludes the possibility of its specific identity

with E. helluo, E. rusticum, E. steindachneri, and E. hentzi (see Simon’s Table, loc.

cit. pp. 821, 322), and fiom E. marai it is easily distinguished by the greater number

24 ARANEIDEA.

of spines on the tibia of the pedipalp, 9-10, while in E. marai there are only 2

(sec. Simon).

8. Eurypelma spatulatum, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 19, 194, b, 3.)

Type, ¢, in Brit. Mus., ex coll. Keyserling.

gd. Length —? Carapace 18x17; abdom.?; sternum 7X5°5; coxa of pedip. 7x4; mandible 8 millim,

Legs ???? Ocular tumulus 2x 2, anterior margin to fovea 12, fovea to posterior margin 5:5 millim.

g. Carapace, sternum, abdomen, and legs dark ferruginous-brown, clothed with sandy-grey pubescence and

long hairs. Leg i. has on the femur outside a long lanceolate pale band and two narrow sandy-grey

dorsal lines. Patella with two pale lanceolate bars enclosing a similar brown bar. Tibia with two pale

narrow dorsal grey bars; base of protarsus with a short, central, narrow pale bar. (In all probability all

four pairs of legs are similarly marked, but some are missing.)

Carapace a little longer than broad. Cephalic area occupying more than two-thirds the length of the carapace.

Eye-tumulus as long as broad; central portion raised, bearing anterior central eyes. Anterior row of

eyes procurved; longitudinal axis of laterals a little longer than the diameter of the centrals; centrals

one diameter apart, half a diameter from laterals. Posterior eyes almost contiguous; centrals smaller ;

laterals oval, one-half their longitudinal axis from anterior laterals. Sternum longer than broad.

Sigilla 8, submarginal. Labial plate a little longer than broad, its apical third area studded with

numerous cuspules. Basal anterior angle of the coxa of the pedipalp similarly studded; distal anterior

angle slightly produced. Legs: Protarsus i. curved (in profile) at the base, as long as the tibia. Inner

apex of tibia i. with two spurs beneath ; outer spur long, slender, curved upwards and slightly inwards,

with a few cusps and a short conical tooth at the apex; inner spur shorter, but slender.

Tarsi and protarsi i. and ii. scopulate to the base. Tarsi iii. and iv. scopulate to the base. Protars us ili

scopulate to the base; iv. scopulate for one-fourth its length at the apex.

Legs spinose, especially the tibiee: and protarsi iii. and iv. beneath. Protarsus iv. as long as the tibia and half

the patella. Tarsal claws 2, with 5-6 minute separate denticules beneath.

Palpal bulb, seen from outside, elongate-piriform, concave-spatuliform towards the apex, attenuate and finely

aculeate at the apex itself, slightly curved and directed forwards. The outer margin of the spatulate

portion forms a distinct carina; seen from in front, elongate-piriform, straight, the apex sinuo-spatuliform-

aculeate, scarcely curved outwards.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit., ex coll. Keyserling).

A single adult male.

9. Eurypelma rusticum. (Tab. I. figg. 20, 20a, ¢.)

Eurypelma rusticum, E. Simon, Ann, Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. pp. 323°, 334’.

Type, ¢, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

3g. Total length 35 millim. Carap. 15x13; ceph. area 10. Legs: 1.57; ii. 52; iii. 49; iv. 61—i. fem. 14,

pat. 6:5, tib. 10°5, prot. 10, tars. 6-5—iv. fem. 13-5, pat. 7, tib. 11, prot. 14:5, tars. 8.

The colour of this form is the same as that of the majority of the species of the genus; while the hairs on the

legs are intermediate in length between those of the extreme forms. Tarsal claws toothed.

Hab. Norts America!, Fort Yuma, Arizona!?, and Texas?.—Nortuern Mexico],

°4.e . . ° i

Presidio, Santiago (Mara*), Mazatlan, Ventanas ?, Ciudad in Durango (Lorrer).

The type-specimen, from which our figures are taken, has been kindly submitted to |

me by M. E. Simon for examination.

We have received three adult males of this species from Ciudad in Durango.

EURYPELMA. 25

10. Kurypelma vagans, (Tab. I. fig. 9, ¢.)

Eurypelma vagans, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 197, t. 7. fig. 41 (1875)'; E. Simon,

Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 334, fig. 17.

Eurypelma dupontii, Becker, Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. exliii (1879) *.

Type, ¢ and 9, in Brit. Mus., ex coll. Keyserling.

¢. Total length 40-55 millim.

Hab. Mexico °, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith), Yucatan! ;

GUATEMALA, Cahabon and Cubilguitz in Vera Paz (Sarg).—Co.omBia}.

Adult males have been received from Dos Arroyos and Cubilguitz, adult females and

young from Teapa, and adult males and females and young from Cahabon.

Mr. Sarg notes that one of his specimens had a large cocoon, thereby confirming the

fact of its maturity; also that he had captured an adult female at La Tinta, in the

Polochic valley, running about in his hat, where it had taken refuge for the night.

Mr. Smith notes that he found an adult female at Teapa in a hole under a stone in

an open field with clay soil (no. 321), also another (no. 1143) at Dos Arroyos, and adds,

“The red-legged species make deep holes in banks, with a silken lining and slight

exterior web,” referring also to EL. smith.

11. Eurypelma lanceolatum., (Tab. I. figg. 13, 13a, b, 3.)

Eurypelma lanceolatum, EK. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 335, and p. 384, fig. 2°.

Type, 3d, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

g. Total length 30 millim. Carap.12 x9; ceph. area 8 millim. Legs: i. 48; ii. 41; ii. 39; iv. 50—

i. fem. 12, pat. 5-5, tib. 10, pat. 7°5, tars. 5-5—ii. fem. 11, pat. 5, tib. 10, pat. 12, tars. — millim.

This small species is of the usual brown colour. The legs are not proportionately so long as in £. serratum,

though they present the same general features, especially in the absence of hair. Tarsal claws toothed.

Hab. Nicaragua (Peckham }).

The type of this and of the following species have been kindly submitted to me by

M. E. Simon for examination.

12. Kurypelma panamense. (Tab. I. fig. 5, 9.)

Eurypelma panamense, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 337".

Type, @, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

©. Total length 52 millim. Carap. length 25, breadth 21:5; ceph. area, length 15; ocular tumulus, length 3,

breadth 4; mandib. 12. Legs: i. 75; ii. 69; iii. 65; iv. 82—i. coxa 10, troch. —, fem. 16, pat. 10,

tib. 18, prot. 12, tars. 9—ii. coxa 9, troch. —, fem. 15, pat. 9-5, tib. 11, prot. 11°5, tars. 9—iii. coxa 8,

troch. —, fem. 14, pat. 9, tib. 10, prot. 11, tars. 9°5—iv. coxa 9, troch. —, fem. 18, pat. 9°5, tib. 14°5,

prot. 19°5, tars. 10 millim. Tarsal claws toothed.

Hab. Mexico!; Guatemaral.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachu. Aran., Vol. II., September 1897. Ef

26 ARANEIDEA.

13. EHurypelma seemanni, sp. n. (Tab. III. fig. 1, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Brit. Mus., London.

2. Total length 57 millim. Carap. 23x18; abd. 26; sternum 11 x9; coxa of pedip. 9°5 x5; mandible 10.

Legs: i. 70; ii. 64; iii. 59; iv. 73—i. coxa 10, troch. 5, femur 16, pat. 10, tib. 12, prot. 11, tars. 8

—ii. coxa 8-5, troch. 5, femur 16, pat. 9, tib. 10°5, prot. 10, tars. 8—iil. coxa 7, troch. 4, fem. 13°5,

pat. 8, tib. 8°5, prot. 10, tars. 5—iv. coxa 8, troch. 4°25, fem. 17, pat. 9, tib. 12:5, prot. 15, tars. 8.

Ocular tumulus 2°75, ant. marg. 13, ant. marg. to fovea 15, fovea to post. marg. 7. Mam. sup. 9°50;

seg. 1. 3°D; li. 2°75; iii. 2°75 millim.

9. Carapace rich mahogany-brown, clothed with sandy-yellow pubescence; anterior margin fringed with

short rufous hairs; lateral and posterior margins fringed with rufous hairs. Abdomen chocolate-brown,

clothed with numerous sandy hairs, ferruginous along the sides. Ventral surface and mamille ferruginous.

Sternum, mouth-parts, and the coxe of the legs ferruginous. Coxe of pedipalp and margins of fang-

groove fringed with rufous hairs. Mundibles grey, clothed with mingled ferruginous and sandy-grey hairs.

Femora of legs and pedipalp brown, with two narrow indistinct pale longitudinal lines above. Femora i.,

ii., and iii. and of pedipalp having on the outer side a long, lanceolate, pale mark extending over the basal

two-thirds. Patella of pedipalp and of i., ii., iii., iv. brown, with a pair of pale sandy lanceolate bars on

each, extending from the base to the apex, those on iii. and iv. twisted posteriorly at the apex. Tibie of

pedipalp and of i., ii., iii., iv. brown, with a pair of thin, longitudinal, sandy bars extending from the base

tothe apex. Protarsi i., ii., iii., iv. with a single short, narrow, central, basal sandy line. Tarsus of pedipalp

with a single short, narrow, central, basal sandy line. Tarsi of i., ii., iii., and iv. unicolorous brown. Legs

sandy-brown, clothed with ferruginous hairs below. Anterior margin of each segment fringed with short

sandy hairs. Patella of all five appendages with a small sandy mark on the posterior side towards the

base below.

Carapace about one-third longer than broad; cephalic area two-thirds the length of the carapace. Clypeus

equal to half the length (longitudinal) of the eye-tumulus. Kye-tumulus slightly broader than long,

ovate. Anterior row of eyes slightly procurved; eyes subequal, centrals one diameter apart, two-thirds

from the laterals. Central posteriors contiguous with tle lateral posteriors, the latter one-half a transverse

diameter from the lateral anteriors. Cephalic striz broad and shallow; cephalic area slightly, but not

abruptly, raised from the fovea forwards, again inclined to the frontal margin. Fovea deep, straight,

transverse, at bottom; upper margin broad-oval; posterior margin slightly emarginate in the centre.

Inner margin of fang-groove with eight teeth, the base of the groove studded with minute cuspules.

Coxa of pedipalp nearly twice as long as broad; inner distal angle produced into a short blunt spur;

inner basal angle studded with numerous spinules. Labial plate slightly longer than broad, oval-quadrate,

its apical fourth studded with numerous spinules. Sternum longer than broad, the anterior margin

concave, the posterior margin terminating in a point, reaching the centre of the base of coxe iv. Legs

j. and ii. stouter than iii. andiv. Tibia i.=4-5 millim. wide; tibia iv.=3°75 millim. wide. ‘ibie and

protarsi i., ii., iil., and iv. more or less spinose. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. clothed beneath with a thick

scopula, Protarsus iii. with the apical half and the whole of tarsus iii. scopulate. Protarsus iv. with the

apical third and the whole of tarsus iv. scopulate. Protarsi iii. and iv. very spinose beneath, including

several spines at the apex. Coxe of the legs subsimilar in width, those of iv. wider in proportion to

length. Tarsal claws 2.

Hab. N.W. Costa Rica, Puerto Culebra (Seemann).

Of this species 1 have examined an adult female, and also a young example of the

same sex.

14. Eurypelma sabulosum, sp. n.

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 65 millim, Carap. 26x24; ceph. area 18; oc. tum. 3:25 x 2:5, Legs: i. 73; ii. 68; iii. 62;

iv. 75. Pat.+tib. i, 23; iv. 22. Prot. iv. 16 millim.

9. Entirely clothed with chocolate-brown hairs, inclining to rufous. Abdomen with long scattered fiery-red

EURYPELMA.—PARAPHYSA. 27

hairs. Protarsi with a short basal central pale bar ; tibiee with a pair of parallel pale bars ; patelle with a

pair of lanceolate pale sandy-grey bars. Underside clothed with rich chocolate-brown hairs.

Patella+ tibia i. shorter than patella+tibia iv. Protarsus i. shorter than cephalic area. Protarsus iv. shorter

than cephalic area, scopulate on the apical third ; very spinose.

Anterior legs slightly stouter than the posterior.

Hab. Guatemaua, Tikal, Peten (A. P. Maudslay).

This fine species is allied to E. seemanni, but the carapace is broader in proportion

to its length, and the whole body is paler.

An adult female (no. 1043) was taken at Tikal, Peten, by Mr. Maudslay, who gave

it to Mr. Sarg. The collector gives no note as to habitat. merely remarking that it was

found with a cocoon. It is doubtless a burrow-dweller, and, except for the spines on

the legs, closely resembles species of the genus Santaremia, F. P.-Cambr., from Brazil

and the Antilles.

15. Eurypelma mesomelas, (Tab. I. figg. 14, 14 a-d, ¢.)

Eurypelma mesomelas, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn.-Aran. p. 90, t. ll. figg. 8,

8a-e*(g)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers'), La Palma (Tristan).

Three adult males of this species were obtained by Mr. Rogers; and one has been

received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, found at La Palma by Mr. J. F. Tristan.

This form is remarkable for the velvety, woolly clothing on the carapace and

abdomen, and on the femora and other joints of the legs. There is also scarcely a

trace of scopula at the apex of protarsus iv. ‘The tarsal claws are toothed. It might

be advisable to separate this species from Hurypelma, but at present I prefer to leave it

in the group where it was first placed.

PARAPHYSA.

Paraphysa, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 166 (1892).

Type (do) P. manicata, KE. Simon, South America.

Femur iv. without scopuliform pad on the inner side. Protarsus iv. without scopuliform pad on the inner side.

Legs spinose, more or less hairy, long and slender. Protarsus ii. scopulate to the base ; apical third of

protarsus iv. scopulate. Tarsal scopula not divided by a row of sete. ‘Tibia i.(¢) armed with two very

short, stout spurs. Labium with only a few spinules at the apex.

1. Paraphysa manicata. (Tab. I. figg. 18, 18 a, 4, 3.)

Paraphysa manicata, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 166, nota’.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit., ex coll. Keyserling).—Sovutn America!, Peru.

There are several males of this species from Peru in the British Museum, and these

* In the explanation of tab. xi. nothing is said about the figure 8¢: it represents, as is perfectly obvious,

a portion of one of the first pair of legs.

Et 2

fo sud

28 ARANEIDEA.

enable me to identify Keyserling’s specimen as P. manicata. It is possible, however,

that the locality “‘ Mexico” is not correct.

SCHIZOPELMA, gen. nov.

Femur iv. without internal scopuliform pad. Tarsus iv. with a narrow longitudinal row of sets beneath.

Tibia i. (¢) with a short stout spur on the inner side at the apex beneath, and numerous spines on the

outer side. Protarsus ii. scopulate to the base. Protarsus iv. scopulate at the apex. yes, sternum,

and mouth-parts as in Hurypelma.

Type Schizopelma bicarinatum, sp. 2.

A. (3). Bulb of pedipalp short, stout, piriform, strongly geniculate; apex

excavate on the outer side, bifid, exhibiting a short sharp spine

beneath, with two well-marked carine on the dorsal and inner

sides, encircling the bulb longitudinally . . - - »- + + - bicarinatum, sp. n.

B. (g). Bulb of pedipalp short, piriform, simple, not geniculate ; apex

broadly pointed, deflected, not attenuate nor bifid, without

caring . . 1 ee ee ee ew ee ee ee ee + macropus (Auss.).

1. Schizopelma bicarinatum, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 11, 1la-c, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

g. Total length 23 millim. Carap. 13°5 x 11:5; ceph. area 8-5; oc, tumulus 1:75x2. Legs: i. 50; ii. 46;

iii. 44; iv.56. Pat.+tib.i.15; iv. 16, Prot. i. 8-5; iv. 13-5. Sternum 6-5 x5 (not incl. labial plate).

g. Sternum and legs entirely clothed with brown pubescence and pale rufous hairs. Carapace and mouth-

parts clothed and fringed with short rufous hairs and pubescence. Abdomen clothed with long bright

rufous hairs.

Carapace a little longer than broad. Ocular tumulus slightly broader than long. Anterior lateral eyes less

than one transverse diameter from the centrals; anterior row procurved and otherwise as in genus

Eurypelma. Sternum longer than broad. Labial plate and coxe of pedipalp at the inner anterior basal

angle set with numerous cuspules. Tarsus iv. with a narrow longitudinal row of sete, dividing the

scopula, beneath. Protarsus i. scopulate to the base, with 7-8 spines on the basal half beneath.

Protarsus ii. scopulate to the base, but intermingled with simple hairs in the basal half, with 5-6

spines beneath. Tibia i. with a short conical spur on the inner side at the apex, crested with a single

spine and two others on its outer side; and with two spines on the outer margin; otherwise with

numerous spines on the outer side and beneath. Apical half of protarsus ili. scopulate. Apical third,

at least, of protarsus iv. scopulate. Tibiz and protarsi iii. and iv. numerously spinose.

Pedipalp. Tibia with 1-3 spines on the inner side. Bulb short, stout, piriform, strongly geniculate, apex

excavate on the outer side, bifid, exhibiting a short sharp spine beneath; with two well-marked carine

on the dorsal and inner sides, encircling the bulb longitudinally.

2. Total leugth 35 millim. Carap. 14x12; ceph. area 9; oc. tumulus 2x 2:25, Legs: i. 43; ii. 39; iii.

38; iv. 48. Pat.+tib.i.14; iv. 14. Prot. i. 65; iv. 10. Sternum 6 x 6 (not incl. labial plate).

Coloured as in the male sex. Central fovea, as in male, transverse-oval, deep. Tarsus iv. with a narrow

longitudinal row of sete beneath. Protarsus i. scopulate to the base, with two stout spines in the basal

half. Protarsus iii. scopulate on the inner side, but not entirely on the outer side, where are set 5-6

stout spines and long sete. Apical half of protarsus iii., and the apical third of protarsus iv., seopu-

late, the latter two parts set also with numerous spines. Labial plate as in the male.

with 4—5 minute teeth.

Hab. Mexico, Xautipa in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Tarsal claws

An adult male, two adult females, and an immature specimen of the latter sex of

SCHIZOPELMA. 29

this distinct species have been received from Mr. Smith. The form of the palpal bulb

of the male is evidently very similar to that of Eurypelma striatipes, Auss., though it

is not likely that the two forms are identical.

2. Schizopelma macropus. (Tab. I. figg. 10, 10a, ¢.)

Crypsidromus macropus, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 179, t. 6. figg. 24, 25 (1875)*.

Type, ¢, in Brit. Mus., ex coli. Keyserling.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba }.

Under Crypsidromus*, Ausserer included at any rate two forms with tarsus iv.

divided beneath—C. macropus and C. pernizx—adult males, each of which must be

referred to a different genus. For the first, the type, having only one spur beneath

tibia i. at the apex, with dicarinatum, sp. n., I have founded the genus Schizopelma.

* Crypsipromus, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 193 (1871).

Ausserer, in his diagnosis of the genus Crypsidromus, gives no character whereby one may clearly understand

on what his genus is based. The diagnosis is apparently drawn from a female, though he does not say so.

The characters given would apply equally well to an immature female of the genus Hurypelma. I have not seen

the type, C. isabellinus, Auss., and therefore hesitate to refer any species to the genus Crypsidromus, Auss.

Of the forms in Keyserling’s collection referred by Ausserer to C. pernia and C. macropus, the former

differs so much from the latter that they cannot be retained in the same genus, and after such a discovery

one is naturally still more disinclined to refer any particular form to Crypsidromus until the actual type-

specimen can be examined.

Crrtosternum, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 176 (1875).

Type C. cursor, 2, Auss.

All that Ausserer says of the type is:—“In der Sammlung des Herrn Grafen Keyserling finden sich

mehrere Weibchen dieser Art aus St. Domingo.”

The specimens referred to are now before me and are quite distinct generically from the other forms allied

to Crypsidromus, which fall readily into Cyrtopholis, Sim. (in part) (see Table in Nat. Hist. Araign. éd. 2,

i. p. 143). This distinction, which Simon appears to have overlooked, lies in the circular convex sternum, as

Ausserer clearly points out (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 176), “ Das Sternum sehr stark gewélbt, so

lang als breit.”

The name Cyrtosternum being preoccupied, however, Simon has renamed the genus, of which C. cursor is

the type, Cyrtopholis. As regards the identity of Crypsidromus innocuus, Auss., it is not possible to speak

with certainty; but seeing that Ausserer was fully alive to the character furnished by the sternum of

Crypsidromus, ‘‘Sternum linger als weit,” compared with that of Cyrtosternwm quoted above, it may be

inferred that Cyrtopholis cursor (Auss.) is not congeneric with Crypsidromus innocuus, Auss. Why M. Simon

should conclude that Cyrtosternum cursor, of which he says “‘ ’espéce type m’est inconnue,” is congeneric with

a form which he identifies as Crypsidromus innocuus, Auss., I cannot suggest, except that he has overlooked

the chief character given by Ausserer as distinctive of Cyrtosternum, and has seized on another character

which he regards, probably correctly, as insufficient for a generic distinction.

30 ARANEIDEA.

The second, C. pernix, having two long spurs beneath tibia i. and tarsus iv. divided

beneath, is here separated under Ausserer’s genus Hapalopus.

HAPALOPUS.

Ischnocolus, subgen. Hapalopus, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 175 (1875).

Type H. formosus, Auss. loc. cit. t. 6. figg. 17, 18, Santa Fé de Bogota, Colombia. Type in coll. Hof-

museum, Vienna.

Tibie and protarsi iii. and iv. more or less spinose. Femur iv. without scopulate pad on the inner side.

Protarsus ii. scopulate to the base. Tarsus iii. with an indistinct and tarsus iv. with a distinct narrow

_row of sete dividing the scopula longitudinally. Tibia i. (male) with two stout spurs at the apex

beneath. Sigilla: three pairs apparent.

M. E. Simon (Hist. ‘Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 141) regards Hapalopus, Auss., as

identical with Cyclosternum, Auss. There seems to be no sufficient reason for such a

conclusion; indeed, from examples before me, which undoubtedly belong to the

former, which I identify as H. formosus, Auss. (from Colombia), and H. inflatus, Sim.,

besides several other species referable to the same genus, there is every reason to

conclude otherwise. For, Ausserer says, “ Sternum even somewhat broader than long,

convex” (“Sternum fast etwas breiter als lang, gewélbt”). “ Scopula, die an Tarsus

iii, und iv. sowie am Endgliede der Palpen, durch ein breites Band von Stachelborsten

getheilt ist.”

Simon makes no mention of the sternal character which Ausserer considered charac-

teristic, if any one was, of his genus Cyclosternum, namely, its breadth and convexity.

Adult examples are before me which exhibit this character very distinctly; and I

am therefore able to refer those not possessing this form of sternum, but possessing

two spurs beneath tibia i. and the scopule of tarsus iv. divided, to Hapalopus, Auss.

Confusion may arise if it is not borne in mind that immature examples of Hapalopus

and other Theraphoside exhibit a sternum much more circular than is found in the

adult form, and these might on that account be referred to Cyclosternum. ‘The

sternum of the examples which I refer to above is, however, quite distinct in

character from that found in the young of Hapalopus.

I have also before me two adult males of a form which I identify as Hapalopus

inflatus, E. Sim., and in these the sternum is most decidedly longer than broad,

measuring from the base of the labial plate, and not in any way convex. -

Whether M. Simon has seen the type of Cyclosternum schmarde, Auss., or not, I

cannot say. If so, he must either have overlooked the chief character, or else

Ausserer must have described a character which did not present itself. Whether

the male referred by Simon to this latter species, of which he gives a figure in Hist.

Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 138, really is identical with it, I cannot say, for Ausserer’s

type was, for all he himself says to the contrary, a female. I therefore reserve

Cyclosternum for Ausserer’s original type schmarde, and Hapalopus for the type

formosus, Auss.

HAPALOPUS. 31

a. Abdomen either orange with transverse-oblique lateral black slashes

(2) or black with lateral orange slashes (g). Palpal bulb deeply

cleft at the base behind, strongly geniculate ; apex very broad, slightly

spiraloid, bifid; outer branch large; inner branch much smaller.

Outer tibial spur very long and curved in a semicircular form, not

dilated at the apex and without a spine on the inner side. . . . . pentaloris, E. Sim.

6. Abdomen unicolorous brown. Palpal bulb not deeply cleft at the base,

bilobate, piriform; basal lobe compressed globular; apical lobe

concave in front, attenuate at the apex, its point directed outwards

and downwards. Outer tibial spur long, slightly dilated at the apex,

with a long spine on the inner side (g). . »- «. « - - « . « « pernix, Auss.

‘1. Hapalopus pernix. (Tab. II. figg. 14, 14a-c, 3.)

Crypsidromus perniz, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 178, t. 6. figg. 22, 23, 234

(1875)*.

Type, ¢, in Brit. Mus.

3. Total length 27 millim. Carap. 11 long., 9 lat.; ceph. area 7. Legs: i, 39; ii. 37; iii, 37-5; iv. 46.

Pat.+tib. i. 11; iv. 12. Prot. i. 7; iv. 11 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Pic de Orizaba}!.

M. Simon (Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 330) also records this species from

Guatemala. The Guatemalan specimen, a female, has been carefully examined by

me, and its specific identity with Crypsidromus perniz, Auss. (the male type of which

is before me), is doubtful.

2. Hapalopus pentaloris. (Tab. II. figg.2, 2; 3,2, young; Tab. IIT. figg. 2,

2a-c, 3.)

Crypsidromus pentaloris, E, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 216+; Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv.

p. 3831 (1892) ’.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hapalopus ruficeps, E. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi. p. 109 (1891)*; Act. Soc. Linn. Bord.

xliv. p. 331°,

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

3. Total length 31 millim. Carap. 14 long., 12 lat.; ceph. area 8. Legs: i. 50; ii. 47; ili. 46-5; iv. 58.

Pat.+tib. i. 15; iii, 125; iv. 16. Prot.i. 9°5; iv. 13 millim.

$. Carapace, legs, and sternum uniform chocolate-brown. Abdomen black, with pale central dorsal area

and a few indistinct transverse oblique lateral stripes towards the apex.

2 (imm.)..The hues of the abdomen are much more conspicuous than in the adult. Carapace, legs, and

sternum uniform pale chocolate-brown. Abdomen with pale orange central dorsal area, sometimes darker

towards the apex, with five conspicuous rich orange transverse oblique lateral slashes, alternating with

deep black intervals, narrower and more closely adjacent towards the spinners. Ventral area orange,

with a broad black dentate central band. ‘The disposition of the bands and the coloration of the dorsal

area vary with individuals.

32 ARANEIDEA.

3. Tibia i. bears two slender spurs, the outer being very long, directed inwards, and strongly uncate, without

a spine; the inner short and straight, bearing a spine on the inner side. Protarsus i. very strongly

curved about the middle; the scopula of tarsus iv. divided by a narrow band of sets beneath.

Palpal bulb somewhat resembling that of Pseudopelma bicarinatum in form, bifid at the base behind, strongly

geniculate and bifid at the apex.

Hab. Guavemata, San Cristobal (Sarg), Vera Paz12, Guatemala city (Stoll) ; Costa

Rica 34,

H. pentaloris may readily be distinguished from the other Central-American species

of the genus by the orange-red stripes on the abdomen, the form of the bulb, and that

of the spurs beneath tibia i.

An adult male and three immature females of a spider were found in a collection

made in the vicinity of Guatemala city by Herr Otto Stoll which are evidently

specifically identical with the adult female sent by M. E. Simon as the type of his

Crypsidromus pentaloris. The immature examples also prove to my complete satis-

faction that the small immature spider sent me by M. E. Simon under the name

Cyclosternum ruficeps, but described in the works quoted above ** as Hapalopus

ruficeps, is an immature specimen of this same H. pentaloris.

The examination, too, of the male, enables me to place this species in that genus

which Ausserer assigned to those EKurypelmiform spiders of which the males have two

spurs beneath tibia i. and the scopula of tarsus iv. divided.

I have now before me five examples of the species all in different stages of

development, ranging from about three weeks old up to full maturity.

It is noteworthy that in the first two forms (Hapalopus ruficeps, EK. Sim., being the

youngest) the tarsi of all four legs have the scopula divided, while the sternum is

almost circular. In the next two more advanced forms the scopula of the last two

pairs of legs alone is divided, and the sternum is more decidedly oval; while in the

adult female (Crypsidromus pentaloris, E. Sim.) the scopula of tarsus iv. alone is

divided, and the sternum is elongate-oval as it is in the aduit male now before me.

An adult male and three immature females have been received from Mr. Sarg from

Guatemala.

METRIOPELMA.

Meiriopelma, Becker, Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. cclvi (Dec. 1878).

This genus was instituted by M. Becker for the reception of his Sericopelma breyeri,

from Guanajuato, Mexico, which had been erroneously included in Ausserer’s

Sericopelma. M. Becker’s diagnosis of his genus leaves little doubt that its chief

characteristic is the absence of spurs beneath tibia i., their place being taken by spines.

The author says “par Vabsence d’éperon au tibia du male” &c., while a few lines

previously he says “chez le male, tibia de la premiére paire dépourvu d’épines,

présentant en dessous, a l’extrémité, deux épines mobiles.” Doubtless “ d’épines” is a

METRIOPELMA. 30

misprint for “ d’éperons”; and although M. Becker does not mention the two pairs of

spines noticeable beneath the tibie of the first pair of legs, at the apex, in the species

described below under the name JM. spinulosum. still I have little doubt that this form

is congeneric with M. breyeri of Becker. Whether it is specifically identical I cannot

say, for Becker’s figures are not sufficiently detailed to enable one to judge with

certainty. ‘The presence of the two longer teeth beneath the tarsal claws, however,

would seem to indicate that the forms are specifically distinct.

The following generic diagnosis is taken from MM. spinulosum :—

Femur iv. without scopuliform pad on the inner side. Protarsus ii. scopulate on the anterior half only.

Protarsus iv. without scopula. Tibia i. (of male) without spurs at the apex, beneath, but with two pairs

of spines only on the apical margin. Tarsus iv. with a narrow central longitudinal row of sets beneath,

dividing the scopula. Legs slender. Tibie and protarsi more or less spinose.

1. Metriopelma breyeri.

Sericopelma breyerii, Becker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 77, t. 2. figg. 1-6 (July 1878) *.

Metriopelma breyerii, Becker, Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. celvii (Dec. 1878) *.

Type, ¢, in Museum Nat. Hist., Brussels.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés ').

If the drawing of the fourth pair of legs in the figure given by Becker is correct, in

which the protarsi are much shorter than the carapace, then it may be doubtful if the

species is congeneric with M. spinulosum, described below.

2. Metriopelma spinulosum, sp.n. (Tab. II. figg. 12, 12 a-d, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 29 millim. Carap. 12x11; ceph. area 8. Legs: 1. 49; 11.45; iii. 43; iv. 54. Pat.+tib.

i. 15°25; iv. 15°25. Prot.i. 9; iv. 15. Sternum (not incl. labial plate) 5 x 5.

3. Body and legs entirely clothed with rusty-brown pubescence and hairs. Fringing hairs of mouth-parts

paler rusty-brown, but not rufous.

Carapace scarcely longer than broad. Protarsus i. slightly longer than cephalic area. Protarsus iv. much

longer than carapace. Patella+tibia i. equal to patella+tibia iv. Protarsus iv. almost or quite equal

to patella+tibia iv. Ocular tumulus one-third broader than long. Anterior row of eyes procurved, and

otherwise as in Hurypelma. Sternum not longer than broad; sigilla, three pairs, indistinct. Apical

fourth of labium furnished with numerous cuspules, as also is the inner anterior basal angle of the coxa

of the pedipalp.

Legs long, slender; tibize and protarsi more or less spinose. Protarsus i. straight throughout (in profile),

scopulate to the base, with a short stout spine on each side in the basal half. Protarsus ii. scopulate on

apical half only, with three spines in the basal half. Protarsus iii. scopulate on the apical third only,

with numerous spines on all sides. Protarsus iv. entirely devoid of scopula, even at the apex, with

numerous spines on all sides. Tarsus iv. with a very narrow central longitudinal row of fine sete beneath.

Tarsal claws with 6-8 teeth. Tibia i. with two pairs of spines at the apex beneath, three more on the

outer side, and two on the inner side. Tibia ii. similarly armed to tibia i. Central thoracic fovea small,

deep, transverse-oval.

Pedipalp. Tibia furnished with five stout spines on the inner side at the apex. Bulb piriform, broadly

pointed, and compressed at the apex, with some very minute serrations beneath. This form of bulb

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn, Aran., Vol. 1I., September 1897. Ft

34 ARANEIDEA.

resembles very much that of Hurypelma longipes and E. serratum ; but all the species of Burypelma

may be distinguished by the double spur beneath tibia i., besides the row of setee beneath tarsus iv.

Hab. GuatEMALA, Petaxcatum (Sarg), Chicoyoito (von Turckheim).

Two adult males have been taken in Guatemala—one (no. 653) at Chicoyoito by:

Herr von Turckheim, the other (no. 1409) at Petaxcatum by Mr. Sarg. The latter is

taken as the type.

ACANTHOPELMA, gen. nov.

Femur iv. without scopula on the inner side. Tarsal claws 2. Tarsi 1, li, ili., and iv., apical two-thirds of

protarsi i. and i., apical half of iii., and extreme apex of iy. very lightly scopulate. ‘l'arsi i. and ii. with

a single longitudinal central row of short spines, sometimes haired, beneath; tarsi iii. and iv. with a band

of more numerous spines beneath. Protarsi i. and ii. with spines beneath. Tibia i. with a double spur

at the apex beneath ; the inner spur short, obtusely pointed, with a short conical spur at the base on the

outer side; the outer spur larger, broadly clavate and bilobed at the apex, the inner lobe the largest.

Tibia 11. with rows of spines beneath, not constant in number or arrangement. Tibize and protarsi iii.

and iv. very spinose.

Carapace longer than broad, very flat or compressed in profile; fovea narrow, straight, transverse. Ocular

group as in Hurypelma.

Mandibles with a single row of teeth on the inner margin of fang-groove. Sternum oval-elongute, longer than

broad. Sigilla distinct, three pairs, submarginal, besides the labial basal impressions. Labium quadrate,

its apical third studded with cuspules; base of coxe of pedipalp also studded with cuspules over the inner

anterior basal angle. Spinners 4, superiors as long as sternum; segments approximately equal in length,

terminal segment slightly longer.

1. Acanthopelma rufescens, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 13, 13 a-d, 3 .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 16°5 millim. Carapace 7x 5:5. Legs: i. 23:5; ii. 21:5; iii, 18; iv. 28.

¢. Carapace dull purple-mahogany, clothed with fine rufous silky pubescence ; mandibles clothed with three

bands of rufous silky pubescence ; sternum and legs clothed with rufous pubescence. Abdomen delicate

purple-brown, with double dorsal series of three or four pale orange transverse bars.

The various points of structure have been detailed in the generic diagnosis,

Hab. GuateMaua (Sarg).

A single adult male.

Although this form is undoubtedly allied to others of the group Cheetopelmates

founded by M. Simon, yet I prefer for the present to place it amongst the members of

the subfamily Theraphosine.

Fam. DIPLURIDA.

The unusual length of the spinners, which characterizes the more typical forms

belonging to this family, is not noticeable in all those which are usually included in

the group. The spinners aré, however, set wide apart at their base, and the tarsal

claws are three in number, these characters separating the Dipluride from the

Theraphoside. The habits of the species of Dipluride are somewhat different from

FUFIUS. 39

those of the majority of the Mygalomorphe, and offer an interesting illustration of the

general similarity in form and structure which spiders of similar habit often exhibit.

The Dipluride, especially the genera Ischnothele, Euagrus, Diplura, Melodeus, &c., with

habits very similar to those of the Agelenide and Podophthalmide, are themselves, too,

exceedingly similar in general character. We have the long spinners for weaving the

broad sheet of web at the entrance of the burrow, the same excessive rapidity of move-

ment, and, what is more curious, a very similar plan of coloration on the abdomen.

At first sight, to one accustomed to the habits of the Agelenide in Europe, Ischnothele

and Podophthalmus would be at once supposed to belong to this family, so strikingly

alike are they in the nature of their web and tube, their elongate form, and in the

character of their movements.

‘The family is very poorly represented amongst the forms from Central America,

viz. by two species of Euagrus, four of Ischnothele, and one of Fufius. That this 1s

anything like a fair representation of the family as actually existing in that region

cannot be admitted for a moment, and future collectors will be able to add numbers of

species and perhaps genera to this very interesting group.

The Central-American Dipluride belong to two subfamilies, which may be thus

characterized :—

A. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. more or less scopulate. Tarsi not spinose

beneath. Denticles of superior tarsal claws in a double series. Ante-

rior spinners separated by two diameters of one of them at the base, DipLurina.

B. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. not scopulate. Tarsi more or less spinose

beneath. Denticles of superior tarsal claws in a single series. Ante-

rior spinners separated at the base by at least the length of one

spinner». ee ee eee eee ee ee eee + ASCHNOTHELINE,

Subfam. DIPLURINA.

FUFIUS.

Fufius, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 213.

This interesting genus is distributed throughout Central America and the northern

regions of South America, different forms occurring in Guatemala, Bolivia, and the

Lower Amazons.

Closely allied forms, possibly not congeneric with those of the Neotropical region,

are found in Madagascar according to Lenz, and in Australia according to L. Koch *

* M. Simon (Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 180) refers all these forms to the single genus Hapalothele,

Lenz, which is based on H. varia (L. Koch), from Fort Bowen, described under Ivalus (a preoccupied name,

for which Jwamadus has been substituted by M. Simon). Whether the Madagascan, Oceanian, and Neotropical

forms are really congeneric or not I am not in a position to judge, but prefer to keep to the older distinctions

offered under the generic names Hapalothele for those of Oceania and Madagascar, and Fujius for those of

America.

Ft 2

36 ARANEIDEA.

1, Fufius atramentarius. (Tab. Il. fig. 10, and Tab. III. figg. 3, 3a-c, ¢.)

Fufius atramentarius, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 213 ( ? ) (1888) 1. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv.

p. 827 (1892) *.

Hab. GuateMata ! 2,

The type specimen has been kindly submitted to me by M. E. Simon.

Subfam. JISCHNOTHELINA.

The two genera of this subfamily may be thus differentiated :—

A. Base of mandible with two rows of stout teeth below, besides a short

one of smaller teeth at the base. Coxa of pedipalp cuspulate at

the base. Lateral anterior eyes slightly smaller than central

anteriors. Central posterior eyes much smaller than central ante-

riors, linear-oval, their longitudinal diameter less than the diameter

of the latter. Tibia i. of the male produced into a spinigerous spur

at the apex beneath. Protarsus i. produced into a spur towards the

base beneath. Tibia and protarsus ii. normal, not developed.

Terminal joint of the posterior spinners more segmentate, flexuose,

and attenuate to the apex, larger than both the basal joints taken

together. Anterior spinners wide apart at the base, separated by

a distance equal to one and a half times the length of a single

spinner. Labium not quadrately impressed behind the base, but .

normally, biovately. Sternum scarcely longer than broad, circular. IscuNoTHELE, Auss.

B. Base of mandible with one row of stout teeth only below on the inner

margin of the fang-groove. Coxa of pedipalp not cuspulate at the

base. Lateral anterior eyes much larger than the centrals, their

diameter nearly equal to one and a half times that of the latter.

Central posterior eyes distinctly larger than the central anteriors,

quadrate-piriform. Tibia i. of male not bearing a spur beneath, but

with numerous stout long spines; protarsus i. also with numerous

stout spines beneath. Patella i. with several stout spines beneath.

Tibia il. produced into a longer or shorter spinigerous spur beneath.

Protarsus ii. produced into a low coniform spur at the centre

beneath. Terminal joint of posterior spinners less flexuose, seg-

mentate, and attenuate to the apex, as long as or scarcely longer

than the second joint. Anterior spinners set closer together at the

base, separated by a distance equal to, or less than, the length of a

single spinner. Labium impressed broadly and quadrately at the

base. Sternum much longer than broad, oval-elongate Evacrus, Auss.

ISCHNOTHELE,

ISCHNOTHELE.

Macrothele, subg. Ischnothele, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv.

Males *.

A. Size much larger. Tibia i. with a short broad spur at the apex

beneath, the latter bearing 8 or 9 short stout spines at the tip.

Conical spur beneath protarsus i. rather less than halfway from the

base of the joint. Tarsus i. with 2 or 3 fine spines only on the

inner side beneath. Bulb of palpus much more elongate at the apex

and less sinuous . .

B. Size much smaller. Tibia i. with a narrow, more slender, and elon-

gate spur at the apex beneath, the latter bearing four stout spines

only at the tip. Conical spur beneath protarsus i. midway between

the base and apex of the joint beneath. Tarsus i. with 3 spines on

the outer side, but with from 15 to 20 short stout spines set in

irregular double series on the outer side beneath. Bulb of palpus

less elongate and more decidedly sinuous towards the apex

Females.

A. Carapace unicolorous testaceous-brown.

i. Abdomen unicolorous, clothed with silky rufous-golden pubescence.

Legs unicolorous. Length 11 millim. se ee

ii, Abdomen with a central dorsal longitudinal series of transverse pale

orange (or yellow) A-shaped bars, the first half separate, the second

united on the median line. Legs annulated and spotted with

brown.

a. Size larger: length 18 millim. .

6. Size smaller: length 10-11 millim.

i, Abdomen black, spotted with dull testaceous, and on the second

half ornamented with two rows of short, oPtianes testaceous

lines, three on each side . .

ii. Abdomen dull purple-brown, speckled with dull testaceous . spots

on the sides and apex; with a central dorsal longitudinal

series of 6 transverse dull orange A-shaped bars, the first

three separate, the second three united on the median line .

B. Carapace margined with a broad band of dull orange .

p. 162 (1875).

digitata, O. P.-Cambr.

guianensis, Walck.

caudata, Auss.

digitata, O. P.-Cambr.

zebrina, E. Simon.

guianensis, Walck.

[scemensi, F. P.-Cambr.,

and pusilla, KE. Sim., from Brazil. |

1. Ischnothele digitata. (ab. II. figg. 8, 8a-d, ¢.)

Macrothele digitata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. p.

3a-d(g)*

92(¢¢), t. 12. fige. 3,

Hab, Guatemata, Cubilguitz, Chamiquin, Tucuru, Escuintla (Sarg ').

For figures of the mandible, spinners, and tibia i., see Tab. II.

* TI do not know the males of J. caudata or I. zebrina.

fige. 8, 8a-d.

38 ARANEIDEA.

2. Ischnothele caudata.

Ischnothele caudata, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 163 (1875) ‘; E. Simon, Act. Soc.

Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 828 (1892) *.

Type, 2, in Brit. Mus., ex coll. Keyserling.

Hab. Mexico, Yucatan 2.

8. Ischnothele zebrina.

Thelechoris zebrina, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord, xliv. p. 329 (¢?)°.

Hab. Nicaracva, Polvon (Packard *).

There is no doubt whatever that the New World forms referred by authors to

Karsch’s genus Thelechoris belong to Ausserer’s genus Ischnothele.

4. Ischnothele guianensis. (Tab. II. fig. 9, ¢.)

Mygale guianensis, Walck. Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt. p. 23 (g) (1887) .

¢ & 2. Carapace unicolorous mahogany-brown, the margins darker. Legs pale yellow beneath ; coxe pale

yellow ; femora darker at the apex above; tibie and protarsi pale yellow, each with a basal and apical

annule of dark brown; tarsi yellow. Sternum pale yellow. Abdomen dark purple-brown, with a double

central dorsal series of three minute oblique pale dots. Basal joint of the spinners pale yellow, its apex

dusky beneath ; second joint brown ; terminal joint brown at the base, pale yellow towards the apex.

g. General characters as in other species of the genus. The specific character is furnished by tibia i., whose

apical spur is narrow, elongate, and armed with four stout spines at the apex, while the protarsus bears

in the centre beneath a small, stout, sharp, coniform spur, its apex directed inwards. Tarsus i. nume-

rously spinose on the inner side beneath, 3 or 4 spines only on the outer side.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).—GutIana t.

Five females and one male of this small species were taken by Mr. Rogers in Costa

Rica, but the exact locality is doubtful. J. guianensis is very similar in general

appearance to J. digitata, but is much smaller, and differs in some essential points of

structure in the male sex. I have identified this species from males and females thus

named by M. Simon in the British Museum.

EUAGRUS.

Euagrus, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 160 (1875).

Type Huagrus meaxicanus, Auss.

I have not seen the type of this genus, and my knowledge of it is based on a

specimen ( @ ) identified by M. Simon, and kindly submitted for examination. So far

as one can judge, there seems no reasonable doubt that this specimen is generically

and specifically identical with Ausserer’s form, though a glance at the type would be

more satisfactory.

Tarsal claws 3. Spinners set wide apart at the base. Terminal joint of the posterior spinners scarcely longer

than the second, not flexuose or segmentate, scarcely attenuate.

EUAGRUS. 39

Base of the coxa of pedipalp and apex of the labium not cuspulate. Inner margin of fang-groove only with a

row of teeth, outer row plain(d & @).

Tibia i. of male not armed with a spur, merely incrassate and spinose; protarsus i. not developed. Tibia ii.

developed into a strong spinigerous spur at the base beneath; protarsus ii. developed towards the apex,

beneath, into a short spur (see Ausserer’s figure), towards the base (see Simon’s figure). .Tibize and pro-

tarsi i. & ii. (@) inerassate, the latter set with numerous spines towards the apex beneath. Tarsi ( 9 )

set with a double row of spines beneath. Lateral anterior eyes much larger than centrals; diameter of

latter equal to the transverse diameter of the former. Anterior spinners separate at the base by a

distance equal to the length of one of them.

1. Euagrus mexicanus. (Tab. II. figg. 4, 4a, 4, 2.)

Euagrus mexicanus, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 160, t. 5. figg. 138-15, t. 6. fig. 16

(g ) (1875)'; E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 828 (1892) *.

Hab. Mexico (coll. O. P.-Cambridge+), Cuernavaca (Bowcard *); GuaTeMaLa? ; Costa

Rica (Getaz).

1 cannot quite reconcile the description of the eyes and clypeus of Euagrus meaicanus

with facts as presented by the female now before me; but errors in observation of these

parts are only too easy to make, and little weight need be attached to the discrepancy

in this case.

Our figures are taken from a specimen identified as Ausserer’s species by M. E. Simon,

and now in his collection.

2, Kuagrus guatemalensis, sp. n. (Lab. IL. figg. 7, 7a-f, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 13 millim.

3 2. Carapace, sternum, legs, mandibles, and pedipalp pale mahogany-brown ; the carapace veined and

suffused with dusky brown. Abdomen dull purple-brown, anteriorly striped on each side with three large

pale slashes continued to the spinners by a double series of three short pale oblique bars. In some

specimens the lateral slashes are obsolete, except where they converge dorsally ; in this case the abdomen

presents a double dorsal series of six short, narrow, obliquely divergent bars.

g. Eyes closely grouped ; diameter of central anteriors equal to half the longitudinal diameter of the lateral

anteriors; central posteriors distinctly larger than the central anteriors, Tibia ii. with five stout spines

set on a low protuberance beneath. Protarsus i. with a bilobate prominence in the centre beneath ; the

inner lobe larger and conical, the outer lower and more rounded. Tibia i. numerously spined beneath.

Patella i. with three stout spines at the apex beneath. Protarsus i. with an irregular double series of

spines beneath. ‘Tarsus i. with a few spines beneath.

Mandibles with an inner row of teeth only. Terminal joint of spinners almost as long as the two basal joints

together, slightly flexuose, attenuate and segmentate (but not nearly so much so as in Ischnothele).

Labium without cuspules. Coxe of pedipalp without cuspules. Sigillate impression at the base of the

labium transverse-quadrate. Sternum oval-elongate; sigilla in three pairs; submarginal mandibles

clothed with a thick tuft of hairs (seen in profile) on the upperside of the base.

The structure of the female is similar, but the tibiz and protarsi of the first two pairs of legs are not enlarged

but similar to the other joints.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

At first sight there is nothing to distinguish this interesting species from Ischnothele

cuudata, Auss., and perhaps J. zebrina (Sim.) and I. guianensis (Walck.). The

40 ARANEIDEA.

coloration is precisely the same, and it is curious to note that the dorsal row of short

oblique bars on the abdomen is characteristic also of members of a totally different

family, whose habits are, however, remarkably similar, namely, the Agelenidee—with

the common A. labyrinthica as an example.

The double row of teeth on the fang-groove, the cuspulate labium, the approxi-

mately equal size of the anterior row of eyes in the female, and the development of

tibia i. instead of tibia ii. in the male, will suffice for the distinguishing of all the true

Ischnothele.

Several females and one adult male were taken by Mr. Sarg.

The following genera and species of Mygalomorphe have been described from Central

America; but as there is some doubt about their true affinities, I prefer to place

them here :—

TAPINAUCHENIUS.

Tapinauchenius, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 200 (1871).

Tapinauchenius reduncus.

Tapinauchenius reduncus, Karsch, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. liii. p. 887 (3d 3) (1880) '.

Hab. Costa Rica (Hoffmann, in Mus. Berol.*).

ISCHNOCOLUS.

Ischnocolus, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 184 (1871).

Ischnocolus sericeus.

Ischnocolus sericeus, Auss. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxv. p. 169 (1875) *; E. Simon, Act. Soc.

Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 329 (1892) ?.

Type, 9, in coll. Keyserling (but not in coll. Keyserling in Brit. Mus.).

Hab. Mexico, Yucatan ! 2.

Tam inclined to suspect that this spider will prove to be merely the young of some

species of HKurypelma or other genus, for Ausserer himself says, ‘‘ wahrscheinlich ein

junges Thicr.”

| CYCLOSTERNUM.

Cyclosternum, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 192 (1871).

Cyclosternum obscurum.

Cyclosternum obscurum, EK. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 331 (1892)'.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Mexico}.

CYCLOSTERNUM.—DAVUS. 4]

Of this form, of which an immature female is before me, one can say nothing except

that, for all evidence to the contrary, it may well be the young of some species of

Eurypelma or other closely allied genus. It is especially to be borne in mind that

the circular form of the sternum is characteristic of immature specimens of most

Eurypelmiform spiders.

CRATORRHAGUS.

Cratorrhagus, E. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 330 (1892).

Type Cratorrhagus concolor, Simon.

Cratorrhagus cervinus. (Tab. II. figg. 1, la-c, 2.)

Cratorrhagus cervinus, EK. Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 330 (1892) '.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Mexico}. —

The type of C. cervinus, which is now before me, is certainly not congeneric with a

specimen of C. concolor from the Mediterranean, so far as one can judge from an

immature specimen. But I would not hazard an opinion with specimens not yet

adult, and I hesitate therefore to tabulate the characters of the female from Mexico.

MYGALARACHNE.

Mygalarachne, Ausserer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 206 (1871).

Mygalarachne brevipes.

Mygalarachne brevipes, Auss. loc. cit. p. 206*; Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 339’.

Type, 2, in Vienna Museum,

Hab. Honnpuras? 2,

Without opportunity of examining the type I am unable to offer any opinion as to

the systematic position of this spider. Neither does Ausserer give any descriptive clue

as to its identity, save only ‘“‘die Sammtbiirste am innerrande der Schenkel fehlt.”

DAVUS.

Davus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 91 (1892).

Femora iv. not scopulate on the inner side. Protarsi i. and ii. scopulate beneath in their apical half only.

Protarsus iv. not scopulate, very spinose. Tibia i. with two short spurs at the apex beneath.

Davus fasciatus. (Tab. III. figg. 4, 4 a-d, 3.)

Davus fasciatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 91 (¢)’.

Pella fasciata, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. t. 12. figg. 4, 4a-d (¢).

Hab. Costa Rica (Boucard 1).

The type of this genus and species is a male, dry, and rather the worse for wear. I

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., April 1899. ef

Me) ARANEIDEA.

am unable to ascertain whether the tarsal pad is or is not divided by a row of sete, so

that I leave the species at present distinct from Eurypelma. It belongs, if the tarsal

pad be not divided, to the Homceommatee, characterized by the apical half only of

protarsus ii. being scopulate. I cannot myself, however, recognize this character alone

as sufficient for a sectional distinction, or even perhaps for a generic, but rather as

characteristic of a group within the genus Lurypelma.

AVICULARIA.

Avicularia, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. v. p. 107 (1818).

Type Avicularia avicularia, Linn. = Avicularia canceridea, Lam.

Avicularia glauca. .

Avicularia glauca, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1891, p. 312*; Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 339

(1892) *.

Type, 2, juv., in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Panama! ?.

The type specimen, kindly submitted to me for examination by M. Simon, is evidently

an immature example, and it will always be difficult to decide exactly as to which

particular species of Avicularia it belongs.

Section ARACHNOMORPHZ.

Fam. DYSDERIDZ.

Lung-sacs two; tracheal stigmata two; the four stigmatic orifices closely grouped; posterior pair not

convergent, coalescent or migrant. Tarsal claws variable, two or three. Eyes six, in three groups

of two each. Spinners six. Colulus small, but very distinct. Calamistrum and cribellum absent.

Mandibles not striate on the outer side; femur of palpus with no spur or opposing spine.

This family is very scantily represented at present in the material obtained from

Central America, one (or two) species only, of the genus Ariadna alone *, having been

taken, which belong to the subfamily Segestriine.

Subfam. SEGHESTRIINA.

Eyes in three groups, each consisting of a pair of eyes. Tibie and protarsi i., ii., and iii. armed beneath with

stout spines. Protarsus iv. also with a few spines beneath, but not tibiaiv. Tarsal claws three ; anterior

pair of spinners stouter and longer than the others, closely situate at the base, with small, distinct

colulus.

* Ariadne mexicana, Banks, Trans. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. p. 212 (May 1898): the locality given for this

species, La Chuparosa, is in Lower California (cf. loc. cit. p. 207), so that the species cannot be included in

the present list.

ARIADNA. 43

The members of this subfamily live in tubular retreats, usually constructed in the

crevices of the woodwork of buildings or in the corners of window-frames, and sit with

the anterior pair of legs exposed at the entrance of the funnel.

ARIADNA.

Ariadna, Audouin, in Savigny’s Descr. de Egypte, ed. 2, xxii. p. 8308 (1825-1827).

Type Ariadna insidiatrix, Aud.

1. Ariadna pilifera.

Ariadne pilifera,O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 235, t. 30. figg. 9,9 a-c(?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 14°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Ventanas in Durango (Forrer 1).

2. Ariadna comata.

Ariadne comata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 235, t. 30. figg. 8,8 a—c (2)'.

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin.

@. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith').

Fam. CAPONIIDZ.

Eyes two. Lung-sacs absent. Two pairs of tracheal stigmata, adjacent, close to the genital rima. Mandibles

not soldered together. Sternum without sigilla. Spinners six, anterior pair wide apart, separated by at

least four diameters; the four anteriors set in a transverse straight line. Colulus absent. Calamistrum

and cribellum absent. Tarsal claws variable, two or three. External side of mandibles striate. Femur

of palpus with a single stridulatory spine towards the base on the inner side.

The spiders included in this family are, with one exception, confined to the Antilles

and the northern regions of South America. It is highly probable, however, that the

genus Mops, Macl., will be found to extend to the Isthmus of Panama, NV. glauca,

v. Hasselt, having been recorded from the islands of Buen Ayre, Oruba, and Curagao,

off the coast of Venezuela; we therefore figure the structural details of a species of

this genus, WV. coccineus, E. Simon, from Venezuela, the type of which is in the British

Museum. (See Tab. III. figg. 7, 7a-f, 2.)

A. Tarsal claws two only on tarsi i. and ii., three on tarsi iii. and iv. Tarsi

of all four pairs bisegmentate. Tarsi i. and ii. with a membranous

appendage at the base beneath. Protarsi i. and 11. with a thin mem-

branous lamina extending longitudinally beneath the joint. Sternum

not prolonged between the coxe of the fourth pair of legs, its apex

quite distinct from the post-sternal plagula. Epigynal area not coria-

ceous. Maxille less elongate and less attenuate at the apex . . . ~ [Nops, Macleay.]

et 2

44 ARANEIDEA.

B. Tarsal claws three on all four pairs. Tarsi unisegmentate. Tarsi and

protarsi i. and ii. without membranous appendages beneath. Sternum

prolonged between the coxz of the fourth pair of legs, its apex soldered

to the post-sternal plagula. axilla more elongate and more attenuate

towards the apex . Caponina, E. Sim.

CAPONINA.

Caponina, E. Simon, P. Z. S. 1891, p. 578.

Type C. testacea, E. Sim.: Antilles, St. Vincent.

Eyes two only. Tarsal claws three. Tarsi not scopulate. Ungual tufts absent. Anterior protarsi flexuose,

striate, furnished beneath with a double row of short stiff hairs. Mandibles with striations on the outer

side. Femur of palpus with a small tooth on the inner side.

1. Caponina sargi, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 6, 6 a-h, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 13 millim., carap. 4 millim.

Carapace, sternum, mandibles, and legs orange-yellow. Abdomen grey. Eyes two, situate on black spots.

Mandibles furnished with striations on the outer side, opposed to a small tooth on the inner side of the

femur of the palpus.

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

A single adult female and two immature specimens were found by Mr. Sarg.

Fam. OONOPID,

This family, instituted by M. Simon for the genus Oonops, Templ., and eighteen

other genera, is distinguished from the Caponiide by the possession, in common with

the Dysderidz, of two lung-sacs and two tracheal stigmata, the latter closely situated

together on the genital rima. Lyes six, large, opaline, nearly always occupying the

total width of the carapace. There are no stridulating-organs and no calamistrum or

cribellum.

DYSDERINA.

Dysderina, E. Simon, P. Z.S. 1891, p. 556.

Type D. principalis, Keys.

Abdomen with dorsal and ventral scutum, not extending to the spinners. Posterior row of eyes straight.

Tibize and protarsi i. and ii. armed beneath with a double series of long spines. Mandibles not striate

on the outer side. Femur of palpus without stridulatory spine on the inner side. Tarsal claws two,

with double series of teeth, set on a short onychium. Spinners six, colulus absent.

1. Dysderina plena. (Tab. III. figg. 5, 5a, 2.)

Dysderina plena, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. pp. 143, 192, t. 17. figg. 7,

7a-d (Q), t. 24. figg. 4, 4a-e (dy).

Types, d 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 3).

OCHYROCERA. 45

Fam. LEPTONETIDA.

OCHYROCERA.

Ochyrocera, E. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1891, p. 565.

Type Ochyrocera arietina, E. Sim.: Antilles, St. Vincent.

1. Ochyrocera simoni.

Ochyrocera simonii, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 122, t. 17. figg. 13,

13 a-d(¢)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith?).

Fam. FILISTATID.

Lung-sacs two; tracheal stigmata migrant, convergent, situated halfway between the genital rima and the

spinners. Spinners six; calamistrum and cribellum present. Two pairs of sternal sigilla sometimes

present. Palpal bulb of male very simple. Mandibles soldered together at the base, forming with the

labium and maxille a stout, haustellate proboscis. No strie present on the outer side of the mandibles.

Eyes eight, closely grouped in the centre of the cephalic area. Tarsal claws three. Superior claws

with a single row of ten to twelve teeth, inferior claw sometimes with one or two.

There is considerable difficulty in ascertaining exactly where the Filistatide should

be placed amongst the other families of the section Arachnomorphe ; and the same

remark applies to all the other cribellate forms, and also to others not cribellate. No

linear arrangement, such as one is compelled to adopt in a printed work, can in any

way convey a correct idea of the affinities of different families.

With regard to the cribellate forms, there appears to be no reason why the cribellum

and correlated calamistrum should not have become independently specialized in

several different groups, each of these groups falling under different surrounding

influences as they developed. The appendages which have been converted into the

cribellum have survived in these cases, and are now obsolete in other forms recognized

as non-cribellate. The rudiments of the cribellum, and bristles adapted for specializa-

tion as a calamistrum, were probably possessed at one time by all existing forms

of spiders; while a more or less highly specialized form of each was characteristic of

certain large groups, not necessarily otherwise closely allied.

In some groups these rudiments and specializations have been retained, and in

some they have more or less entirely disappeared, while at the same time further

differentiation and specialization under various influences was taking place in different

directions. This will account for the presence of a highly specialized calamistrum and

cribellum amongst forms which are otherwise, obviously, not in any respect nearly

related to each other.

The possession of sternal sigilla, the character and grouping of the eyes, as well as

the simple form of the palpal bulb, would seem to show that the Filistatide are alone

46 ARANEIDEA.

survivors of some primitive group, suggesting a distant relationship with the Thera-

phoside in some respects, but in others far removed from them, and indeed from

the majority of existing forms, by wide morphological gulfs, the connecting links

having long since passed away.

These isolated families, such as the Filistatide, Hypochilide, Caponiide, Dysderide,

&c., are, in short, probably nothing more than the mountain-peaks of faunal continents

which have long been submerged beneath the waters of eliminating agencies. These

still lift their heads above them, but their near relations have perished and left no

trace behind.

In other spheres of evolution we recollect that the Basque and Etruscan systems of

speech, which can claim kindred with no existing family of language, are excellent

instances of the same phenomenon.

The family Filistatide can be conveniently divided into two genera, which may be

distinguished by the following characters :—

A. Anterior tibie and protarsi with rows of stout spines beneath.

Protarsi i. and ii. with stout spines at the apex beneath. Sternum

scarcely longer than broad, with two pairs of sigilla (sometimes

obsolete). Central anterior eyes smaller than central posteriors ;

anterior and posterior centrals almost contiguous . . . . . . Fruisrata, Latr.

B. Anterior tibiz and protarsi without rows of spines beneath. Protarsi

i. and ii. without spines at the apex. Sternum distinctly longer than

broad, without sigilla. Central anterior eyes equal to central pos-

teriors ; anterior and posterior centrals half a diameter apart . . FixisTatorpss, gen, nov.

FILISTATA.

Filistata, Latreille, Consid. gén. Crust., Arachn., et Ins. p. 121 (1810).

Type. “ Espéce inédite trouvée aux environs de Marseille.”

Lung-sacs two in number; tracheal stigmata two, situated midway between the lung-sacs and the spinners.

Spinning-mamille six; calamistrum and cribellum present. Two pair of sternal sigilla present.

Mandibles soldered along their inner margins, forming, with the labium and maxille, which are also

soldered together, a haustellate proboscis. Eyes eight, in two closely situate groups of four on each side

of a cephalic eminence. Thoracic fovea deep.

A. Apical portion of palpal bulb shorter, strongly sinuous ; apex broader,

almost geniculate, strongly curved outwards (inner anterior aspect). hibernalis, Hentz.

B. Apical portion of palpal bulb longer, attenuate, filiform, only

slightly sinuous, almost straight throughout ; apex slightly curved

inwards (inner anterior aspect). . . . . . 0... tractans, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Femora and tibize of legs more slender, not clothed beneath with

thick black hair. ee

B. Femora and tibie of legs stouter, clothed beneath, especially i, and

ii., with thick black hair . . . . ,

hibernalis, Hentz. -

tractans, O, P.-Cambr.

FILISTATA.—FILISTATOIDES. AT

1. Filistata hibernalis. (Tab. III. figg. 8, 8a, b, 2; 8¢, ¢.)

Filistata hibernalis, Hentz, Spid. U.S. p. 28, t. 2. figg. 6, a, b'; Banks, Trans. Calif. Acad. Sci.

(3) 1. p. 208°.

Filistata distincta, Blackw. Annu. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) xx. p. 202 (1867) *.

Filistata tractans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 290 (¢) *.

Hab. Nort America, Carolina and Alabama!, Lower California 2.—MeExico,

Guaymas, Tepic, and San Miguel de Horcasitas (Banks?), Orizaba*, Teapa (H. H.

Smith); Guatemaua (Sarg).—ARGENTINA ; ANTILLES, Jamaica 3, &c.

Whether this species and F. capitata, Hentz, are identical or not I cannot at present

say for certain; but there is no doubt as to the species which Hentz regarded as

F. hibernalis. The figure of the palpus of the male is quite sufficient for its identi-

fication. Curiously enough, some authors seem to have regarded this figure of the

palpal bulb as that of F. capitata, Hentz; whereas a glance at the text will show that

figg. 6, a, 6, refer to the male of F. hibernalis and not to that of F. capitata. As to

Blackwall’s species ’. distincta, it is impossible to decide from his description what it

may be; but most probably it is identical with this form, which occurs commonly ‘in

several islands of the Antilles.

2. Filistata tractans. (Tab. III. figg. 9, 9a-c, 2; 9d, ¢.)

Filistata tractans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr. Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 183, t. 23. figg. 4, 4a-d (g)’.

Filistata capillosa, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 289, t. 82. figg. 1, 1 a-d (2).

Types, ¢ 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula!?, Omilteme ?, Chilpancingo, and Venta de Zopilote, all in

Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Numerous adult males and females have been seen.

FILISTATOIDES, gen. nov.

Characters as in Filistata, except that the anterior tibia and protarsi are without rows of spines beneath.

Protarsi i, and ii. without spines at the apex. Sternum distinctly longer than broad, without sigilla.

Central anterior eyes equal in size to central posteriors. Anterior and posterior centrals half a

diameter apart.

1. Filistatoides insignis. (Tab. III. figg. 10, 10a, 3, ¢.)

Filistata insignis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 211, t. 26. figg. 12,

12 a-d (3), t. 28. figg. 8, 8a,5( 9)’.

Types, ¢ Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Guatemata, Valley of the Motagua and San Antonio (Sarg ').

An adult male and a female of this very distinct, though small, species were taken

in Guatemala.

48 ARANEIDEA.

Fam. SCYTODIDZ.

Tracheal stigmata two, more or less remote from the genital rima. Mandibles

soldered together at their base. Sternum without sigilla. Calamistrum and cribelluin absent. Spinners

six, with the colulus more or less well developed or absent. Tarsi with or without an onychium.

Tarsal claws two or three. Mandibles with the external side striate. Femur of the palpus having one

or more stridulating-spines on the inner side towards the base. Legs shorter, stouter, and somewhat

laterigrade in articulation (Sicarius, Lowosceles, and Sicarioides), longer and more slender (Scytodes),

spinose or clothed with simple fine hairs only. Palpal bulb of male simple, more complex in Diguetia.

Vulva of female simple, externally consisting of a transverse rima only.

The family Scytodide includes four very distinct groups of spiders, comprised in the

subfamilies Sicariine, Loxosceline, Diguetiine, and Scytodine. There seems to be no

sufficient reason for substituting the name Sicariide for the older name Scytodide,

which latter has therefore been restored.

These subfamilies resemble each other in several characters, chiefly in the number of

eyes and the possession of a stridulating-organ on the mandibles and the femur of the

palpus. This structure is, however, found also in other groups, notably in Caponina,

a two-eyed form of the family Caponiide, and in Lepthyphantes, T'meticus, &c., amongst

the Argiopide (Simon). They resemble each other also in the haustellate formation

of the mouth-parts, beautifully constructed so that when the apices of the mandibles

are brought together they form with the apices of the maxille a perfect suctorial

apparatus, the mandibles being guarded in front of the fang by a soft chitinous piece

serving to prevent the juices from escaping between the mandibles at their apex in

front. The simple form of the vulva and that of the palpal organs of the male also

prove the affinity of these forms.

The differences between these four subfamilies are very marked, though Sicarius and

Loxosceles appear to be more closely allied to each other. The latter resembles

Scytodes in the possession of a tarsal onychium and of a similarly constructed

stridulating-apparatus, though otherwise, in general form, being much more like

Sicarius. Diguetia, on the other hand, with its three tarsal claws, resembles

Scytodes, and with its four femoral stridulating-spines, and in the absence of

the colulus between the anterior spinners, approaches Sicarius, yet in the absence

of the mandibular membrane and in the general form of the body differs from

all three.

Eyes six. Lung-sacs two.

Subfam. SICARIZN ZL.

No colulus between anterior spinners. Anterior row of eyes approximately straight. Lateral eyes wide apart.

Tarsal claws two, not set on an onychium. Clypeus very high, almost vertical. External side of

mandible finely striate. Inner side of femur of palpus set with 5 or 6 short stout stridulatory spines.

Mandibles with a membranous lip on the outer side at the apex. Palpus of female without a claw or

claw-like appendage at the apex. Anterior margin of maxille not strengthened by a chitinous

serrula. Carapace compressed. Central thoracic groove shallow and inconspicuous. Body and legs

clothed with regular rows (or small groups on the body) of longer and shorter spines and bacilliform

hairs.

SICARIOIDES. 49

The genus Sicarius may eventually be found in Central America, and we have

therefore figured the details of structure of S. thomisoides, Walck., from Chilian

specimens in the British Museum. (See Tab. III. figg. 11, lla-s, ¢.)

A. Sternum longer than broad, rather produced behind, narrowed and

finely bilobate. Legs furnished beneath with rows of numerous long

spines, in addition to the lines of smaller ones. Carapace convex,

smooth, without warts or prominences, with simple convergent lines

of fine bristles. Femora with simple spines only. . . . . . [Sicarrus, Walck.*],

B. Sternum broader than long, not produced or so much narrowed behind,

broadly bilobate. Legs without rows of long spines in addition to

the smaller ones. Carapace compressed, bearing warts set with

bacilliform hairs. Femora with tufts of bacilliform hairs on the .

dorsal side . . . . 2. ee we we ee ew ee ee) 6« )6SICARIONDES, GER. NOV.

SICARIOIDES, gen. nov.

1. Sicarioides rugosus, sp.n. (Tab. III. figg. 12, 12a, 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit.

. Total length 10-5 millim. ; carapace 4°5 x 5 millim.

Q. Colour. Body and legs entirely rich chocolate-brown, marked with black obseure blotches.

Q. Structure. Carapace very broad, quite flat, rugulose, with distinct warts, bearing bacilliform hairs. Legs

clothed with numerous short stout hairs, the femora bearing dorsally numerous tufts of three or four

white bacilliform hairs. The tibie, protarsi, and tarsi with numerous short sharp spines arranged in

longitudinal rows, but no long spines as in Sicarivs. Sternum broader than long, entirely clothed with

short, closely-clustered, bacilliform spines. Eyes as in Sicarvus.

Hab. Costa Rica, Bebedero.

Subfam. SCYTODIN.

Colulus present between the anterior spinners. Anterior rows of eyes very strongly recurved. Lateral eyes in

contact. Tarsal claws three (inferior claw often obsolete), set on a long, very distinct onychium. Clypeus

narrow, oblique. External side of mandible finely striate (less closely than in the three other subfamilies

of Filistatide). Inner side of the femur of the palpus set with one short stridulatory spine. Mandibles

with a membranous lip on the outer side at the apex (less developed than in the Loxosceline and

Sicariine). Palpus of female with two or three claw-like appendages at the apex. Anterior margin of

maxille strengthened by a chitinous rim, finely serrulate. Carapace very eonvex and raised posteriorly.

Thoracic stria present, but no groove. Body and legs clothed with shorter and longer fine hairs.

‘The species belonging to this subfamily are very widely distributed, being found in

every quarter of the globe; they are, however, confined to the tropical and subtropical

regions, gradually disappearing in the temperate zones. ‘These spiders are found under

* It is unfortunate that one eannot restore to this genus the name Z’homisoides, given to it by Nicolet.

Walckenaer had seen Nicolet’s unpublished figures, but, on the ground that the name given to the genus was

unsuitable, substituted Sicarius.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1899. ay

50 ARANEIDEA.

logs of wood, stones, the bark of trees, &c., and are often abundant in the angles of

windows and the corners of dwelling-houses, where they spin a slight web and rest in

a crouching position. The known species number between forty and fifty, but there is

little doubt that many more remain to be discovered.

SCYTODES.

Scytodes, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxiv. p. 1384 (1804).

Type, S. thoracica, Latr. Hab. Kurope.

Of the species of this genus occurring in Central America, three only are known to

me; they may be distinguished as follows :—

A. Sternum smooth or clothed with fine hairs only (¢); legs annulated, streaked,

or speckled with black.

a. Legs yellow, entirely spotted and annulated with black, except the tarsi.

Carapace and sternum variegated with black, without U-shaped central

mark. Abdomen pale brown, more or less streaked and speckled with

black. Mandible in both sexes with a series of conspicuous striz on the

outer side and a minute cusp at the base of the femur of the pedipalp on

the inner side. Ventral surface of abdomen of the female with a pair of

adjacent, elongate-oval, dark chitinous depressions, immediately behind

the genital rima. Palpal bulb short, broad-ensiform, its apex exhibiting

a short sharp spur. Anterior central eyes fully one diameter from the

anterior margin of the clypeus eee eee ee longipes, Luc.

b. Legs pale yellow, with a few linear black spots and lines beneath the femora

and on the dorsal surface and sides of the tibiz, whose apex is very

distinctly black. Carapace reticulated with brown, with a central con-

spicuous U-shaped mark, its apex emarginate and resting on the central

line towards the posterior margin, the two branches directed forwards.

Sternum sometimes unicolorous, often delicately margined and speckled

with brown. Mandible with scarcely a trace of striation on the outer

side, but the femur of the pedipalp exhibits a distinct minute spine at

the base on the inner side. Palpal bulb elongate, geniculate, much

developed, dilate towards the apex, lamelliform. Anterior central eyes

less than half a diameter from the anterior margin of the clypeus .

B. Sternum clothed with stout papilliform hairs or spines ($). Legs unico-

lorous ; apex of femora and tibie darker. Carapace dark fuscous-brown,

with a central narrow longitudinal pale band, enclosing a finer dark streak ;

also a pale lateral area broken and reticulated with brown. Abdomen pale

purple-brown, with or without transverse pale bars. Palpal bulb elongate,

ensiform, terminating in a fine filiform spine

championi, sp. n.

hebraica, E. Sim.

SCYTODES. 51

1. Scytodes longipes. (Tab. IV. fige. 1, la-l,¢; 2, 2a,¢.)

Scytodes longipes, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1845, p. 71, t. 1. fig. 2°; E. Simon, P. Z. 8.1891, p. 567%.

Hab. Mexico1!, Amula, Ojos de Agua, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg),

Cahabon (Champion); Panama, David in Chiriqui (Champion).—Soutu AmMeErtca?;

ANTILLES, St. Vincent 2.

Numerous examples of both sexes of this distinctly-marked species, as identified by

M. Simon (loc. cit.). have been received from various parts of Central America. This

form appears to be abundant in the Antilles and in Tropical South America. According

to M. Simon, S. marmorata, 'Tacz., S. longipes, Keys., and 8. taczanowskii, 'Thor., are

all synonymous with S. longipes, Lucas.

Walckenaer is of opinion that S. longipes, Luc., is the male of S. omosites, Walck.,

and that S. rufipes, Luc., the type of which is a female. belongs to the same species.

So far as one can judge from the figures, I should say that S. longipes, Luc., belonged

to Scytodes, and S. rujipes, Luc., to Loxosceles; but I should not like to speak too

positively on the point.

2. Scytodes hebraica, (Tab. IV. figg. 3, 3a, ¢ ; 4, 3, var.; 5,5a, 2.)

- Scytodes hebraica, E. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1891, p. 568, t. 42. fig. 14 (9) ".

Types, ¢ 2, in Mus. Brit.

Hab. GuatemMata, Cahabon (Champion), Roknimha, Choctum, San Antonio (Sarg),

Yzabal (G. Lopez).—ANTILLES, St. Vincent !.

The type of S. hebraica, from the Island of St. Vincent, is now before me. ‘The

specimens from Guatemala doubtless belong to the same species.

3. Scytodes championi, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 6, 6a-d, 2.)

Types, d 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3, length 4 millim.; 9, length 5-25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg); Panama,

Chiriqui (Champion).

The chief characters by which this delicate form can be distinguished from the others

here recorded, and also from 8. lineatipes, Tacz., from Venezuela, are given in the table

of species, so that there is no need to enumerate them again.

4. Scytodes bajula.

Scytodes bajula, E. Simon, P. Z. S. 1891, p. 569, t. 42. fig. 15 (¢ 9)*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sci. (3) 1. p. 209 (1898) *.

Types, d 9, in Mus. Brit.

_ Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Banks ?).—VeENEZUELA!; ANTILLES, St. Vincent }.

ut 2

52 _ ARANEIDEA.

Banks records two specimens from Mexico which he doubtfully refers to this

species.

5. Scytodes mexicana.

Scytodes mexicanus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 210, t. 18. fig. 1°.

Hab. Mexico, Mexico city (Banks ').

6. Scytodes perfecta.

Scytodes perfecta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 210, t. 18. fig. 2°.

Hab. Mexico (Banks ?).

To judge from Banks’s description and figure, this species is quite distinct from

S. longipes, Luc.

Subfam. LOXOSCELINA.

Colulus present between the anterior spinners. Anterior row of eyes very strongly recurved ; lateral eyes

almost in contact. Tarsal claws two, set on a short onychium. Clypeus oblique, porrected. External

side of mandible finely striate. Inner side of femur of palpus set with one short stridulatory spine.

Mandibles with a membranous lip on the outer side at the apex. Palpus of female without a claw or

claw-like appendage at the apex. Anterior margin of maxillz strengthened by a chitinous rim, finely

serrulate. Carapace compressed, convex, not raised behind. Central thoracic groove very deep and well

marked. Body and legs clothed with fine hairs.

The eight or ten species falling into this subfamily are closely allied and widely

distributed. The habits of the spiders are somewhat like those of Scytodes. They

live under stones and bark of trees or in the crevices of the walls of houses or any

other convenient cranny. The web is white, flocculent, and adhesive, irregularly

spread over the inside of the retreat, the cocoon being attached to one or other side of

the domicile. They crouch at the entrance of the den and venture out a little distance

at night, rapidly retreating if alarmed.

LOXOSCELES.

Loxosceles, Lowe, Zool. Journ. v. p. 321, tab. supp. 48 (1831).

Omosites, Walckenaer, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. i. p. 488 (1833) (sec. E. Simon).

Scytodes, Walckenaer, Ins, Apt. 1. p. 273 (1837) (ad part. sec. E. Simon).

Type of Lowosceles: Scytodes rufescens, Duf. Hab. Madeira, in domibus.

1. Loxosceles rufipes. (Tab. IV. figg. 7, 7 aj, 2 ; 8, 3.)

Scytodes rufipes, Lucas, in Guérin’s Mag. Zool. class, viii. t. 6 (1834) *.

? Scytodes omosites, Walck. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ii. p. 440°; Ins. Apt. i. p. 278 (1837) *.

Hab. Mexico?; Guatemata! (Sarg).—Gumana ®.

There is very little doubt that the specimens of Lowosceles taken by Sarg in

LOXOSCELES.—DIGUETIA. 53

Guatemala are identical with this species, of which a figure of the eyes and another of

the spider itself are given by J.ucas.

Subfam. DIGUETIIN A.

Colulus between the anterior spinners present. Anterior row of eyes approximately straight. Tarsal claws

three, not set on an onychium. Clypeus high, subvertical. External side of mandible finely striate.

Inner side of femur of palpus set with four or five short stout stridulatory spines. Mandibles without a

membranous lip on the outer side at the apex. Superior margin of the fang-groove with two small teeth,

besides the large dentiform cusp common to the family. Palpus of female without a claw or claw-like

appendage at the apex. Anterior margin of maxilla strengthened by a chitinous rim, finely and closely

serrulate. Carapace compressed, convex longitudinally in the centre behind the eyes. Central thoracic

groove deep. Body and legs clothed with fine hairs, and the former with numerous white bacilliform

hairs.

DIGUETIA.

Diguetia, E. Simon, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1895, p. 106 ; Hist. Nat. Araign. ed. 2, i. p. 1068.

Ervig, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 151 (Aug. 1895).

Segestria, MacCook, Amer. Spiders, iii. t. 29. figg. 7, 7 a (part.).

Type of Diguetia, Segestria canities, MacCook; of Ervig, H. albolineatus, O, P.-Cambr.

1. Diguetia albolineata. (Tab. IV. figg. 9, 9a-h, 2 ; 10,104, 3.)

Ervig albolineatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 151, 221, t. 19. figg. 3,

3a-e (2), t. 27. figg. 6, 6a-e( 3d)’.

Types, ¢ 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith ').

M. Simon considers this species to be identical with S. canities, MacCook, and he

has kindly forwarded me a female of the latter for examination. One cannot, however,

form a definite opinion until more material comes to hand from North America.

2. Diguetia propinqua.

Ervig propinquus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 221, t. 27. figg. 2, 2a-e(?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Atlixco in Puebla (Godman ').

Fam. ZODARIID/.

Eyes eight; spinners six; colulus absent; anterior pair of legs larger and longer than the others, Tarsal

claws three, except in Hermippus.

The spiders of this family are in very many characters, general as well as special,

similar to the Gnaphoside, the chief difference lying in the number of the tarsal claws.

Two genera alone are represented, so far, in Central America, and, in all probability,

one of these, Cryptothele, has been recorded from this region through an error.

54 ARANEIDEA.

STORENA.

Storena, Walckenaer, Tabl. Aran. p. 83 (1805).

Tenedos, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 226 (1897).

Type of Storena, 8. cyanea, Walck. ; of Tenedos, 7. lautus, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Storena lauta.

Tenedos lautus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 226, t. 29. figg.6, 6a-e (d)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Guatemata, Antigua (Stoll ?).

2. Storena tinga, nom. n.

Storena lauta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 279, t. 81. figg. 10,10 a-d(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith ').

CRY PTOTHELE.

Cryptothele, Lu. Koch, Die Arachn. Austral. i. p. 239 (1871).

Type, C. verrucosa, L. Koch: Samoa.

1. Cryptothele cristata.

Cryptothele cristata, E. Simon, Compt. rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxviii. (8) p. eccii (1884) *.

Type, ¢ juv., in coll. E. Simon.

Hab. Mexico}.

M. Simon (Hist. Nat. Araign. ed. 2, i. p. 422, nota) considers that the locality

quoted is probably incorrect.

Fam. GNAPHOSIDA*.

Eyes eight, situated in two transverse, more or less parallel, rows. Lung-sacs two. Tracheal stigmata

convergent, situated just before the anterior pair of spinners. Maxille straight or incurved, deeply

impressed obliquely across the middle. Tarsal claws two. Tarsi and protarsi i. and ii., apex of protarsi

iii., and tarsi iil. and iv. scopulate beneath. Spinners six; anterior pair the longest, widely separate at

the base. Colulus absent, represented only by a few closely grouped convergent hairs,

This family is, so far as our present knowledge extends, by no means well represented

in the fauna of Central America; seven genera, including eleven species, comprising

the whole number. The members of the family may be distinguished from those

groups of the family Clubionide to which they bear a close general resemblance by

the more widely separated anterior pair of spinners, the deeply impressed maxilla, and

* The family name Drasside disappears with the lapse of the generic term Drassus as a synonym of

Gnaphosa. The name Gnaphoside has been substituted by R. I. Pocock [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii.

p. 219, nota (Sept. 1898). ]

GNAPHOSA. 55

the absence of regular pairs of spines beneath the tibiz and protarsi of the first and

second pairs of legs.

The seven genera recorded from Central America may be distinguished by the

following characters :—

AA. Posterior row of eyes strongly procurved . . . . . . . . . Ecuemus, E. Sim.

BB. Posterior row of eyes straight, or only slightly procurved.

A. Lower margin of fang-groove without a carina, either toothed or

plain.

i. Lower margin of fang-groove armed with two teeth. . . . . Drassopes, Westr.

ii. Lower margin of fang-groove either plain or armed with a single _

minute tooth.

a. Maxille almost straight, enlarged at the apex. . . . . . Bownwna, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Maxille strongly curved.

1. Posterior row of eyes not, or scarcely, wider than the

anterior row.

a*, Posterior row of eyes widely distant from anterior row.

Central posteriors two and a half diameters apart . . Czxsonia, E. Sim.

6*, Posterior row of eyes close to the anterior row. Central

posteriors scarcely one diameter apart . . . Prosrussima, L. Koch.

2. Posterior row of eyes much wider than anterior row. (An-

terior centrals much larger than the laterals.) . . . . Scoropnaus, EH. Sim.

B. Lower margin of fang-groove with a stout chitinous carina. . . Gnapuosa, Latr.

GNAPHOSA.

Gnaphosa, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxiv. p. 134 (1804).

Drassus, Walckenaer, Tabl. Aran. p. 45 (1805).

Type G. lucifuga (Walck.).

This genus, resembling in general appearance Prosthesima, is found all through the

temperate regions and those bordering on the tropics, equally in Europe, Asia, Africa,

and America. Only two species, one of which is remarkable for the long spiral spine

attached to the palpal organs, have been observed in Central America, though numerous

others doubtless occur there.

1. Gnaphosa spiralis, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 18, 18 a-e, 3 .)

Type, d, incoll. Godman & Salvin.

3g. Total length 3 millim.

Carapace and legs bright orange-yellow, the former finely margined with black; abdomen clothed with

mouse-grey pubescence, having in front a red-brown coriaceous area, its anterior margin fringed with

long black hairs. For the figure of the palpal organs, eyes, &c., see Tab. IV.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sargq).

A single adult male of this remarkable species has been received from Mr. Sarg.

56 ARANEIDEA.

2. Gnaphosa decepta.

Gnaphosa decepta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 221, t. 18. fig. 14 (1898) *.

©. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Banks').

BONNA.

Bonna, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 249 (June 1898).

Type B. fidelis, O. P.-Cambr. 92. Immature.

The two rows of eyes wide apart, as in Cesonia, but less so, while the eyes are larger; posterior row

procurved, eyes equal, centrals one and a half diameters apart, two diameters from the laterals; anterior

row procurved, lateral eyes slightly larger, centrals two diameters apart, one from the laterals ; central

quadrangle longer than broad, slightly narrower behind, laterals two and a half diameters apart;

laterals of both rows one and a half diameters apart. Clypeus, opposite the lateral eyes, equal to one

diameter of an anterior lateral eye. ;

Inferior margin of fang-groove without teeth; superior margin with two small serrations. Maxille long,

quite straight along the inner margin, emarginate on the outer side, only deeply impressed across the

middle, broadly rounded at the apex. Sternum oval, longer than broad. Legs similar to those of

Cesonia. Anterior tarsi and protarsi and posterior tarsi scopulate. Tarsal claws two, claw-tuft present.

Anterior protarsi with a pair of stout spines near the base beneath ; anterior tibie with two stout spines

beneath, one towards the middle, the other at the apex. Posterior tibiew spinose beneath, protarsi

numerously spinose above and below. ‘Tibia iii. with a stout spine also towards the base above.

1. Bonna fidelis,

Bonna fidelis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 250, t. 33. figg. 1, 1 a-e(2)°.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. .

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith?).

CESONIA.

Herpyilus, Hentz, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. p. 454 (1847) (part.).

Pecilochroa, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. viii. p. 174 (1889) (part.).

Cesonia, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. ed. 2, i. p. 375 (1893).

Helvidius, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran.i. p. 220 (1896).

Type C. belineata (Hentz).

Rows of eyes widely separate ; posterior row straight, scarcely broader than the anterior row, eyes subequal,

centrals further from each other than from the laterals ; anterior row (seen from above) procurved, (seen

from in front) straight, almost equal, less than one diameter apart, equidistant. Clypeus as high as one

and a half diameters of an anterior central eye. Maxille impressed in the centre; labium nearly twice

as long as broad. Lower margin of fang-groove without teeth ; upper margin with three short cusps.

1. Cesonia lugubris. (Tab. IV. fig. 17, 2.)

Helvidius lugubris, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 221, t. 27. figg. 1, la-e (2 y%,

Cesonia lugubris, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 281 ?.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

CESONIA.—PROSTHESIMA. 57

Fourteen or fifteen examples of the female sex of this handsome species were taken

by Mr. Smith, but no males.

‘The locality was not appended to the original description of the species !.

9. Cesonia fugax.

Cesonia fugaz, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 281, t. 82. figg. 5, 5a-c (2)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith ?).

3. Cesonia mexicana.

Cesunia mexicana, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 221, t. 13. fig. 24 (1898) '.

3. Length 6 millim.; 9, 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic, Orizaba (Banks '*).

This species is very likely identical with C. lugubris, O. P.-Cambr. ; and if so, the

latter name has priority.

PROSTHESIMA.

Melanophora, C. Koch, in Panzer’s Deutschl. Insecten, tabb. 20, 21 (Dec. 1833) (nomen preoce.)*-

Prosthesima, L. Koch, Abhandl. Ges. Niirnb. vi. p. 189 (1872).

Type P. subterranea (C. Koch).

The two species of this genus known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

A. Carapace and legs orange-yellow ; abdomen ochreous-yellow . . lutea, sp. n.

B. Carapace, legs, and abdomen deep brown or sooty-black . . . . mesta, QO. P.-Cambr.

1. Prosthesima lutea, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 16, 16a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7-5 millim.

Q. Carapace, sternum, and legs pale orange-yellow. Abdomen dull yellow-ochre, clothed with fine dark hairs.

For the figure of the vulva, see Tab. IV. fig. 16a.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

A single adult female only has been received.

2. Prosthesima mesta. (Tab. LV. figg. 15, 15a, ¢; 154, 2.)

Prosthesima mesta,O.P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran.i, p. 245, t. 33. figg.2,2a-~(d)’.

Type d, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith ').

* The name Melanophora given by C. Koch to this group in 1833 had already been used by Meigen for a

genus of Diptera [‘ Magazin fiir Insektenkunde,’ von Karl Illiger. Braunschweig, ii. p. 279 (1803)}].

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., September 1899. It

58 ARANEIDEA.

3. Prosthesima mexicana. |

Prosthesima mexicana, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 217, t. 18. fig. 18 (2) -

@. Length 6-8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mexico city and Orizaba (Banks).

4. Prosthesima fidelis.

Prosthesima fidelis, Banks, loc. cit. p. 219, t. 13. fig. 19 (@)*

©. Length 3-6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Minatitlan (Banks 3).

5. Prosthesima indecisa.

Prosthesima indecisa, Banks, loc. cit. p. 220, t. 13. fig. 20 (d)'.

é. Length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas (Banks ').

SCOTOPH AUS.

Scotopheus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 3871 (1893).

Type S. guadripunctatus (Linn.).

This genus is abundantly represented in Europe, and in England by the single

species S. blackwalli (Thor.). There are two species from Central America, both new,

which may be distinguished, in addition to the characters furnished by the vulva, by

the following :—

A. Size much larger: length 16 millim. Central posterior eyes two

diameters apart, at least four diameters from the laterals. Abdomen

unicolorous brown above ee ie ees ey

B. Size much smaller: length 8°5 millim. Central posterior eyes one

and a half diameters apart, two diameters from the laterals. Abdo-

men black, with central dorsal pale band, broken up transversely

towards the spinners .

guatemalensis, sp. n.

pictus, sp. n.

1. Scotophzus guatemalensis, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 1, 9.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 16 millim.

Legs, carapace, and sternum mahogany-brown, clothed with a dense grey pubescence and fine grey hairs.

Abdomen clothed with dense ochre-grey pubescence. Tibiei. and ii. with 2—2—1 spines beneath, the first pair

being apical. Protarsus i. and ii. with a pair of spines at the base. Vulva very simple, consisting of a

short tongue-like prominence, followed by a deep groove, dilate at first, narrowing in the centre, again

dilate at the genital rima, which divides the vulva into two rounded chitinous lobes. (Tab, V. fig. 1.)

Hab. GuatEMata (Sarg).

A single adult female.

“%

SCOTOPH AUS.—DRASSODES. 59

2. Scotopheus pictus, sp. n. (Tab. IV. fig. 14,2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 8-5 millim.

Carapace, sternum, and mouth-parts dark mahogany-brown, legs paler. Abdomen sooty-black, with a pale, broad,

central band, more or less broken up into transverse bars towards the spinners. Spinners pale yellow.

Posterior row of eyes almost straight, eyes nearly equal, almost equidistant, centrals slightly nearer, one and

a half diameters apart, two diameters from laterals; anterior row slightly procurved, centrals larger than

laterals, almost contiguous with each other and with the laterals ; posterior row wider than the anterior.

Tarsi and protarsi i. and ii. with a thick black scopula beneath; protarsi with a pair of spines at the base.

Tibi i. and ii. with a single row of three spines beneath.

The vulva consists of a small triangular concavity, having a central chitinous tongue. (See Tab. IV. fig. 14.)

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

ECHEMUS.

Echemus, E. Simon, Arachn. Fr. iv. p. 99 (1878).

Type EF. ambiguus, E. Sim. Basses-Alpes.

For generic characters, see table of genera.

1. Echemus pedestris.

Echemus pedestris,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran.i. p. 273, t.32. figg. 13,18 a-d(@)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith?).

2. Echemus ochraceus, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 11, 1la, 4,¢.)

Type, 3d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 6 millim.

Carapace, legs, sternum, and mouth-parts pale orange-yellow. Abdomen paler, with brown hairs on the

dorsal surface. Ventral area pale, with a narrow central band of brown hairs.

Tibie i. and ii. with two spines in a row on the anterior margin beneath ; protarsus i. with one spine,

il, with a pair of spines at the base beneath.

Tibia of palpus with a longer sharp spur on the outer side directed forwards, and another smaller cusp

above, inclined towards the inner side. Bulb with a long stout spine on the inner side, its apex black,

sharp, passing the distal margin of the bulb, and curving slightly outwards.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

A single adult male.

DRASSODES.

Drassodes, Westring, Aranewe Suecice, p. 860 (1862).

Type D. lapidosus (Walck.).

Two species only of this genus are represented in the Central-American collections

before me, though others have been described by Mr. N. Banks from Mexico. The

name Drassus, so long associated with the forms now referred to Drassodes, has become

if 2

60 ARANEIDEA.

a synonym of Gnaphosa—since the type of Drassus is D. lucifugus (Walck.), a species

which now falls under the genus Gnaphosa.

‘The two species known to me may be distinguished by the following characters :—

A. Tibia iii. and iv. without dorsal spines. Vulva large, with a stout

chitinous horseshoe, its open side directed forwards . - - + + + ferrum-equinum, sp. 0.

B. Tibie iii, and iv. with dorsal spines. Vulva small, hemispherical, with

a tongue-like process, very narrow at its base, suddenly broadening

into a transverse oblong piece behind. . . - - + + + + + ° centralis, sp. 0.

1. Drassodes ferrum-equinum, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 12, 124, 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

@. Total length 7°5 millim.

Carapace mahogany-brown, suffused with dark sooty-brown over the ocular area, and lightly reticulated with

the same colour over the sides. Sternum deep mahogany-brown, suffused with darker brown over the

margins. Legs mahogany-orange-brown. Abdomen clothed with short madder-brown pubescence.

Posterior row of eyes slightly procurved, eyes subequal, centrals almost in contact, just under one transverse

diameter apart; anterior row slightly procurved, eyes subequal, almost in contact; laterals scarcely

one diameter apart. Clypeus as high as one diameter of an anterior central eye. Tibie iii. and iv.

without dorsal spines. Vulva horseshoe-shaped. (See Tab. IV. fig. 12.)

Ilab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This small species belongs to that group of the genus of which D. troglodytes, C. Koch,

may be regarded as the type, characterized by the more closely grouped eyes and the

absence of spines on the upperside of tibiz iii. and iv.

2. Drassodes centralis, sp.n. (Tab. IV. fig. 13, 9 .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 9 millim.

Carapace, legs, and sternum pale yellow-brown, suffused over the caput with darker mahogany-brown.

Mandibles and margins of sternum also darker.

Central posterior eyes distinctly larger than the laterals, less than half a diameter apart, two diameters from

the laterals; posterior row slightly procurved ; central anteriors a full diameter apart, less than half a

diameter from the laterals; anterior row slightly procurved ; laterals of both rows one diameter apart.

Clypeus (in centre) one and a half diameters from the central anterior eyes. Upper margin of fang-groove

with three teeth, lower margin with two teeth. Protarsi i. and ii. with a single spine beneath close to

the base. ‘Tibi i. and ii. with a single spine about the middle beneath. Tibie and protarsi iii. and iv.

numerously spinose. ‘Tibiz ili, and iv. with two dorsal spines above, one near the base, the other

towards the apex. Tarsi and protarsi i. and ii. scopulate beneath ; tarsi iii. and iv. alone scopulate.

Vulva transverse triangular, with curved sides, forming a black-margined hemicircle; from its anterior margin

springs a tongue-like process, very narrow at the base, suddenly enlarging to form a broad, transverse,

oblong chitinous piece, margined with black, its posterior side slightly protuberant in the middle ; close

to its anterior angles lies a smooth round chitinous spot.

Hab. Mexico, Puebla (Godman).

This species belongs to the group of which the type of the genus, D. lapidosus, is a

typical representative.

DRASSODES. 61

3. Drassodes singularis,

Drassus singularis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 215, t. 18. fig. 8 *.

Q. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba !.

I have not seen a specimen of this or the following species.

4. Drassodes orizaba,

Drassus orizaba, Banks, loc. cit. p. 215, t. 13. fig. 11°.

@. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba!.

5. Drassodes perditus,

Drassodes perditus, Banks, loc. cit. p. 216, t. 18. fig. 7°.

3. Total length 10 millim.; 92, length 12 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornia, Agua Caliente !.—Mzexico, Mexico city ?

If Mr. Banks wished to separate the above three species under two generic names,

the name Drassus, at any rate, is no longer available for either of them.

6. Drassodes pallidipalpis.

Drassus pallidipalpis, Bilimek, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. p. 906 (1867) '.

Hab. Muxico, Cave of Cacahuamilpa!.

Fam, CLUBIONIDA.

Eyes eight, situated in two transverse, more or less parallel rows. Lung-sacs two. Tracheal stigmata

convergent, situated just before the anterior pair of spinners. Maxille long, straight or sometimes

somewhat curved, convex in the middle. ‘Tarsal claws two. Claw-tuft present, consisting of a dense

cluster of scopuliform hairs. ‘arsi and protarsi i. and ii., apex of protarsi iii. and iv., and tarsi ii. and iv.

scopulate beneath. Spinners six; anterior pair usually shortest, situated close together at the base.

Colulus absent, but often represented by a small cluster of hairs. Legs normal, not laterigrade.

The various subfamilies into which the representatives of this family may conveniently

be divided can be recognized as follows :—

A. Anterior tibiz and protarsi without any definite double series of long movable

spines.

a. Terminal segment of posterior spinners very short, compressed hemispherical.

* Apex of maxille rounded . 2 1/1 ee ee ee we ee eee CORINNINE,

** Avex of maxille subtruncate . 2. 6 ee ee ee we ee ee 6 Micaruineg.

b. Terminal segment of posterior spinners longer, more conical, sometimes nearly

as long as the basal segment . . . . . .. .- see es 4 CLUBIONINZ.

B. Anterior tibize and protarsi with a definite double series of long movable spines

on the underside . . 2. 1 1 ee eee ee ee ew we we we ew) «Lr RANINR.

62 ARANEIDEA.

Subfam. CORINNINAL.

Spinners with a very short conico-convex terminal segment only. The apex of the maxillz furnished on the

inner side with a tuft of incurving hairs, and beneath this a thick row of short, stiff, densely clustered

bristles. Lateral eyes often (Déestus and some Corinne) set on tubercles. Mandibles robust, often

gibbous above, sometimes immensely developed in the male sex (Megalostrata). Sternum with a reflexed

margin in front, sometimes all round. Central spinners cylindrical (Corinna), or longitudinally compressed

(Trachelas). Carapace, mandibles, and sometimes the sternum and legs, rugulose, granulose, or rugulo-

granuloso-impunctate. Legs more or less spinose (Corinna and Megalostrata), or entirely without spines

(most 7'rachelas). Tibiz and protarsi, and often the tarsi of i. and ii., with more or less numerous cuspules

beneath. Tibi i. and ii. (except in Zrachelas) with three, four, or five pairs of spines beneath ; protarsi

i. and ii. with two pairs, and often with a single apical spine. Tarsi, and apex at least of protarsi, more

or less scopulate. Claw-tuft consisting of a dense cluster of scopuliform hairs.

GENERA.

I. Maxille more or less rounded, not dilate at the apex nor concave on

the outer side. Posterior row of eyes procurved. Central pair of

spinners more or less cylindrical. Legs more or less spinose.

A. Eyes of the posterior row equidistant, or centrals further from

each other than from the laterals. Mandibles of the male with

3 large teeth only on the lower margin . . . . . . . . Meceatosrrata, Karsch.

B. Eyes of the posterior row not equidistant, centrals further from

the laterals than from each other. Mandibles of the male with

4-5 teeth on the lower margin . . . . . 2. 1 ee. Corinna, C. Koch.

II. Maxille long, straight, concave on the outer side, dilate at the apex.

Posterior row of eyes recurved. Central pair of spinners longi-

tudinally compressed. Legs almost entirely devoid of spines . . Tracuetas, L. Koch.

MEGALOSTRATA.

Megalostrata, Karsch, Zeitschr. fir Naturw. lili. p. 377 (1880).

Delozeugma, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 105 (1893).

Type UM. venifica, Karsch, 3. Costa Rica.

The chief characteristic of this genus lies in the enormous size of the mandibles in

the male sex. The lower margin of the fang-groove has three teeth, and the fang itself

is furnished sometimes with a tooth on the underside near the base. Otherwise

there is little difference between Megalostrata and Corinna. The lower margin of the

fang-groove in the immature female has five teeth.

The four species may be recognized by the following characters :—

Males.

A. Fang of mandible with a longer or shorter, stout conical tooth near

the base beneath. Tibial spur of the palpus simple, rounded, not

bifid.

1. The two teeth on the base of the mandible beneath situated nearer

together, by less than (about half) the length of the anterior

MEGALOSTRATA.—CORINNA. 63

tooth. Tarsus of pedipalp not so much longer than broad (two

and a half times).

a. Tibial spur of pedipalp directed inwards. . . . . . . . venifica, Karsch.

b. Tibial spur of pedipalp directed outwards . . . . . . mordicans, O. P.-Cambr.

2. The two teeth on the base of the mandible beneath situated far

apart, by more than the length of the anterior tooth. Tarsus of

pedipalp much longer (three and a half times) than broad . . formidadilis, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Fang of mandible without any tooth near the base beneath. Tibial

spur of palpus deeply bifid . . . . . . . . . « « « « Gepicta, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Megalostrata venifica.

Megalostrata venifica, Karsch, Zeitschr. fiir Naturw. liii. p. 378, t. 12. figg. 5, 5a, 6 (3)’.

Type, ¢, in Mus. Berol.

Hab. Costa Rica (Hoffmann ').

2. Megalostrata mordicans.

Delozeugma mordicans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 225, t. 28. figg. 1,

la-g (d)’.

Type, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Guatemata, Tactic in Vera Paz} (Sarg), Cahabon } (Champion).

3. Megalostrata formidabilis.

Delozeugma formidabile, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 106, t. 14. figg. 5,

5a-h(d)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Guajuanato (A. Dugés!); Costa Rica, San José (Tristan).

4. Megalostrata depicta.

Delozeugma depictum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. pp. 145, 183, t. 19.

figg. 1, la-d()'.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Sinith').

CORINNA.

Corinna, C. Koch, Die Arachniden, ix. p. 17 (1842) *.

Hypsinotus, L. Koch, Keyserling, Marx, etc. (ad part.).

Type C. rubripes, C. Koch. Brazil.

Legs more or less spinose. Lower margin of the fang-groove of the mandibles with from 4-5 teeth. Posterior

row of eyes scarcely wider than the anterior row, procurved. Maxille usually strongly rounded, but

* Temecula, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 170, referred by M. E. Simon to Corinna

(Hist. Nat. Araign. 2nd edit. ii, pp. 197, 199), is a three-clawed spider, and does not fall into the family

Clubionide.

64 : ARANEIDEA.

often more nearly straight, and slightly dilate at the apex. Sternum not produced between coxe iil. and iv.

Central pair of spinners more or less cylindrical. Mandibles stout, often gibbous at the base above.

Lateral eyes often set on a small tubercle.

This genus is well represented in the Central-American fauna. The species known

to me can be divided into two distinct groups, which may some day receive names and

be ranked as genera. The chief difference lies in the form of the maxilla, almost

straight in C. bulbosa and C. bulbula, rounded in the other species.

We have not received specimens of any of the six species previously described

(C. cinnamia, E. Sim., excepted) from within our limits, and I have not attempted to

include them in the following table :—

Males.

A. Eyes, as a group, more widely separate, anteriors one diameter of the centrals

apart. Maxille more than twice as long as the labium, almost straight,

dilate at the apex, concave at the middle of the outer side. Carapace

broad in front ; cephalic area abruptly inclined behind.

1. Protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath and a single central apical spine.

Abdomen with a dorsal and ventral scutum. Lower margin of fang-

groove with 6 teeth. : soe oe wie oe bulbula, sp. 1.

2. Protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath, but no central apical spine.

Abdomen without dorsal or ventral scutum. Lower margin of fang-

groove with 4 teeth. 6 oa wg ea

B. Eyes, as a group, much closer together, anteriors seldom over half a diameter

of the centrals apart. Maxillee shorter, half as long again as labium, curved,

not dilate, convex on the outer side. Carapace narrowed in front; cephalic

area gradually inclined behind. (Protarsi i. and ii. without any apical,

central spine.)

a. Legs not granulose, the coxe alone slightly so.

* Abdomen without dorsal scutum. Bulb with two spines at its apex and

a racket-shaped membranous process. (Lower margin of fang-groove

with 5 teeth.)

1, Clypeus higher, two and a quarter diameters of an anterior central

eye. Unca on tibial spur slender and strongly curved. Tibial spur

minutely bifid at the apex. Bulb with two broad spines and a

membranous process, the former separate at the base - . falcula, sp. n.

2. Clypeus lower, scarcely two diameters of an anterior central eye.

Unca on tibial spur long, very broad, compressed basally, shortly

uncate at the apex. Tibial spur trifid. Bulb with a pair of stout

sharp spines, coalescent at the base, curving outwards, and a

membranous process .

bulbosa, sp. 0.

: . ss 8 8 ee. 6 Uncata, sp. un.

** Abdomen with dorsal scutum. Bulb with a ies curving scimitar-

shaped flat broad spine springing from the inner side at its apex, its

point directed outwards, coinciding with the apex of an S-shaped

membranous process. (Lower margin of fang-groove with 5 teeth.) . mucronata, sp. n

F ) . .

CORINNA. , 65

6. Legs granulose.

i. Central and lateral anterior eyes almost in contact.

aa. Lower margin of fang-groove with 5 teeth. Clypeus low, one and

a quarter diameters of an anterior central eye. Bulb with a

single stout strongly curved spine at its apex, directed outwards,

its point lying on a racket-shaped membrane. . . . . nervosa, sp. n.

6b. Lower margin of fang-groove with 6 teeth. Clypeus higher, two

and a quarter diameters of an anterior central eye. Bulb with

two separate spines, or spurs, and also a racket-shaped membrane. bicuspis, sp. n.

ii. Central and lateral anterior eyes wider apart, separated by nearly half

adiameter. . 2. 2. 1 6 6 ew ee ee we we ew ee «parecdoxa, sp. 0.

Females F.

A. Lower margin of fang-groove with 5-7 teeth.

I. Sternum and legs (or at least the anterior side of the femora) finely and

closely granulose.

a. Lower margin of fang-groove with 6 or 7 teeth.

* Abdomen clay-yellow with brown pattern. Body and legs clothed

with fine long semi-erect hairs. . . 2. 6 . 2 we + es «retusa, Sp. De

** Abdomen unicolorous olive-brown. Body and legs clothed with

very short silky pubescence.

aa. Clypeus higher, equal to two diameters of an anterior central

eye. Anterior side of the femora alone granulose. Vulva

consisting of two concavities, with a broad longitudinal bridge

between 2 2 6 1 ee ee ee ee ww ew AVA, SP. DL

bb. Clypeus lower, equal to one and a half diameters of an anterior

central eye. Legs entirely more or less granulose. Vulva

consisting of a large simple concavity with no longitudinal

bridge down its centre. . . . 2. . © «© . « « « « « luctuosa, sp. n.

6. Lower margin of fang-groove with 5 teeth. . . . . 2. . 2. « . Saga, sp.n.

II. Sternum (except sometimes a few scattered granulations anteriorly) and

legs not granulose. Fang-groove with 5 teeth.

* Clypeus higher, just over one diameter of an anterior central eye.

a. Vulva consisting of two oval concavities, divided by a narrow

longitudinal bridge . . .... . oo. . + « preceps, sp. i.

6. Vulva consisting of a single deep, almost circular cavity with asmall

deep fovea between its posterior margin and the genital rima . cinnamia, E. Sim.

** Clypeus lower, less than one diameter of an anterior central eye.

Vulva without any concavity or concavities, presenting only a dark

wedge-shaped central longitudinal area, limited anteriorly by a

distinct semicircular rim. . . - «© © © © + «© 6 «© ss « mucronata.

+ It is not probable that such characters as the height of the clypeus, relative position of the eyes, or the

granulation of the legs and sternum will be of much use when the number of known forms increases. The form

of the vulva will then alone be useful.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1899. Kt

66 | ARANEIDEA.

B. Lower margin of fang-groove with 4 teeth.

a. Eyes more closely grouped. Anterior eyes equidistant. Anterior row

strongly procurved. No small central apical protarsal spine . . + - bulbosa.

b. Eyes widely separate. Central anteriors nearer together than to the

laterals. Anterior row slightly procurved or straight. Protarsus i. with

a single small central apical, spine beneath.

(Carapace precipitous behind. Labium rather over one-third the length of

the maxilla. Maxille longer, concave (or in species 4 and 5 not so

concave) on the outer side. Trochanter of pedipalp attached distinctly

below the middle of the maxilla.)

1. Anterior row of eyes slightly procurved.. Maxille longer and straighter.

Legs variegated, black and orange. Abdomen with a pair of pale

dorsal spots. 6 6 8 eee a we . oe 8 ee) €6ariegaia, sp. n.

2. Anterior row of eyes straight. Maxille shorter and rounded. Legs

orange-brown. Abdomen unicolorous, with a small semilunar white

spot above the spinners. . . . . ee + + © © © + + + « Semiluna, sp. n.

Norr.—The following characters apply to all the species falling under A in the above table; some, however,

in the case of the eyes and the mouth-parts, apply also to B a and Bb 2:—Kyes closely grouped ; anterior row

more or less procurved ; eyes equidistant, or almost so. Labium not less than half the length of the maxille.

Maxille short, broad, not straight, but curving inwards, convex on the outer side, not dilate at the apex.

Trochanter of pedipalp attached more nearly at the middle of the maxilla on the outer side. No central

apical protarsal spine. Carapace gradually inclined to its base, not precipitous behind the cephalic region,

slightly convex at the central fovea, not concave, narrowed in front. Sternum scarcely longer than broad,

almost circular. Lower margin of fang-groove with from 5-7 teeth.

1. Corinna nigricans.

Corinna nigricans, C. Koch, Die Arachniden, ix. p. 19, fig. 703°.

Type, ¢, in Mus. Berol. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico}. , |

2. Corinna raptor.

Hypsinotus raptor, L. Koch, Die Drassiden, p. 274, t. 11. figg. 174, 175 (1866) '.

Type, d, in coll. Dr. L. Koch, Niirnberg. Length of carapace 6 millim.

Hab. Mexico }.

This species, judging from Dr. Koch’s figures and description, is quite different from

any of those described below.

8. Corinna spinifer.

Hypsinotus spinifer, Keyserling, Verh. zool,-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxvii. p. 449, t. 6. fig. 20 (1887)',

Type, 2, in coll. Mus. Cambridge (Mass.).

Hab. Nicaracva!.

CORINNA. 67

The vulva in this species consists of a convexity with a central deep concavity,

according to Keyserling’s figure.

4. Corinna cinnamia. (Tab. V. fig. 19,9, vulva.)

Creugas cinnamius, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 210 (?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon.

Total length 10°6 millim.

Hab. Mexico}.

5. Corinna bulbula, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 2, 2a, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin,

Total length 10-5 millim. Carap. 453. Pat.+tib. i. 4°75; iii. 3-5; iv. 4°74.

3. Carapace and mandibles dark mahogany-brown, impunctate-granulose; sternum and maxille slightly

paler, granulose. Legs dull orange-yellow, finely granulose. Abdomen dark brown, without a dorsal

scutum, and with a central very indistinct pale spot on each side.

Eyes: as a group occupying nearly the whole width of the caput. Posterior row proeurved, eyes subequal,

two diameters (almost) apart, two and a half diameters from laterals. Anterior row procurved; centrals

larger, scarcely one diameter apart, one full diameter from laterals. Laterals of both rows half a diameter

apart. Central quadrangle much broader than long, centrals of both rows half a diameter of an anterior

central apart. Carapace with caput distinctly raised, slightly bilobate behind, central fovea deep. Lower

fang-groove with five subequal teeth.

Legs: protarsi i. and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath, and a single central apical spine ; tibia i. with four

pairs (and a small apical pair) of spines beneath; tibia ii. with a single outer row of four spines,

Palpus: tibia twice as long as broad, with two spurs on the outer side; the upper spur short, broad, dilate,

terminating at the apex in a short blunt point; the lower spur shorter, narrower, curving upwards

towards the upper spur. Bulb globular, with the spiraloid spermatic duct very distinct, bearing on the

outer side a stout process, geniculate and narrowed in the middle, then dilate and ending in a sharp black

point at the apex. From the inner apical margin of the bulb springs a long sinuous spine, its apex lying

closely in contact with the apex of the external process.

The form of the bulb itself is conspicuously different from that of others of the genus here recorded, resembling

C. bulbosa alone in its character.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

6. Corinna bulbosa, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 8, 3a,0,6; 4.4a. ¢.)

Type d, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 7 millim. Carap. 3-5 x 2-25. (Legs iii. and iv. wanting.) Sternum 1:5 x 1:25.

3. Carapace and mandibles mahogany-brown; rugulose and granulose-impunctate. Sternum and legs

mahogany-brown (coxe and base of femora paler) and (except coxe of legs) closely granulose. Abdomen

clay-yellow, with a dark shoulder-spot on each side and a broad transverse black bar just behind the

middle, often connected with the shoulder-spots (which sometimes coalesce in the centre) by a narrow

longitudinal dark line, which has short lateral branches on each side. Following the transverse bar

are three or four transverse -~, -shaped indistinct brown bars and a dark blotch immediately above the

spinners, which are themselves encircled by a black line.

Ventral area pale clay-yellow.

Carapace precipitous behind, gibbous in the cephalic region, but Iess than in C. variegata, and not so broad in

front. Eyes less widely separate. Posterior row procurved ; eyes equal, equidistant, almost two diameters

apart. Anterior row strongly procurved; centrals larger, equidistant, one diameter of the centrals apart.

Clypeus just over one diameter of an anterior central eye.

Maxille long, more than twice the length of the labium, straight, slightly eoncave on the outer side and dilate

KY 2

68 ARANEIDEA.

at the apex (but less so than in ©. variegata). Sternum not much longer than broad. Lower margin

of fang-groove with four teeth. i ;

Legs: tibia i. with six pairs of spines, or six on one side and five on the other; tibia il. with five spines on

the outer and three on the inner side, the apical pair very small. Protarsi i, and il. with two pairs of

spines, but no central apical spine.

Palpus: tibia about twice as long as broad, with a short blunt spur at its apex above, really a development of

the segment itself, bearing on the outer side beneath a small, sinuous, wedge-shaped, sharply pointed

spur, its apex directed upwards, closely adjacent to the base of the tarsus. Bulb globular, with the

spiraloid spermatic duct very distinct; bearing at its apex on the outer side a stout very strongly

geniculate process, of which a stout spur-like dentigerous angle is directed outwards, the rest of the

process slightly concave, losing itself within the apical portion of the tarsus. From the inner side at

the apex of the bulb springs a stout black spine, dilate at the base, filiform towards the apex, which,

curving across beneath the anterior tarsal margin, lies in the concavity of the former process, close to its

outer margin.

Q. Total length 10 millim. Carap. 3°75x3. Pat.+tib. i. 4; ill. 35 iv. 4°5.

Colour and structure similar to that of the male.

Vulva consisting of a prominent oval convexity, with a fairly small transverse angular-elliptical orifice, having

a smaller, deep, dark cavity within, close to the posterior margin. ‘The anterior rim of the larger orifice

is the highest point in the convexity and the posterior margin of the vulva is broad and rather deeply

concave in the middle, shelving off into the orifice.

‘Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua (Sarq).

7. Corinna falcula, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 5, 5 a-c, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length, incl. mandible, 16 millim. Carap. 65x4:8. Pat.+tib. i. 6°75; iii. 5; iv. 6°75. Prot. iv. 5.

3. Carapace deep black, finely granulose-impunctate; mandibles deep black, coarsely granulose-impunctate.

Sternum and coxe of legs deep black, granulose-impunctate. Legs dull orange-brown. Femur and

patella of palp orange-brown, tibia and tarsus deep black.

Eyes: posterior row procurved, eyes subequal, centrals two diameters apart, two and a half from laterals.

Auterior row slightly procurved ; centrals distinctly, though slightly, larger, less than one diameter apart,

one diameter from laterals. Central quadrangle as long as broad. Laterals of both rows half a diameter

apart, set on a common tubercle. Clypeus equal to two and a quarter diameters of an anterior central eye.

Lower margin of fang-groove with five subequal teeth.

Palpus: tibia, including lateral spurs, very broad; viewed in profile, almost twice broader than long. Tibial

spur broad, blunt, concave beneath, with a conspicuous longitudinal carina anteriorly, curved and slightly

notched a little behind the apex, broadly concave in front, bearing on the anterior margin, on the outer

side, a short curved hook, its point directed upwards and forwards. Tarsus produced on the outer side at

the base, bigibbous. Bulb with two short spurs, separate at the base, the outer posterior spur being

broader, its outer side in contact with a rounded racket-shaped diaphanous membrane.

Legs: protarsi i. and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath; tibia i. with six, ii. with five pairs.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

8. Corinna uncata, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 6, 6 a-c, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length, incl. mandible, 13 millim. Carap. 6x 4:5. Pat.+tib.i. 65; iii. 5; iv. 6. Prot. iv. 5.

3d. Carapace deep mahogany-brown, almost black, finely impunctate-granulose ; mandibles deep black, coarsely

impunctate-granulose. Sternum pale mahogany-brown, finely granulose-impunctate, especially anteriorly ;

cox of legs orange-brown, smooth, not impunctate. Legs dull orange-brown. Abdomen dull orange-

brown, shot with violet reflections. Palpus mahogany-brown, the two terminal segments darker. :

Eyes similar to those of C. falcula, except that the anterior centrals are slightly larger and the clypeus is

CORINNA. 69

barely equal to two diameters of an anterior central eye. Lower margin of fang-groove with five

subequal teeth. Palpus: tibia, including spurs, about as broad as long; tibial spur on outer side broad,

depressed, trifid, anterior and posterior branch broad, central divergent, slender, curving downwards.

The segment bears on the outer side rather below the middle a long broad unciform process, its base

laminate anteriorly, apically strongly uncate. This process almost constitutes a tibial spur in itself, but

is merely an exceedingly developed “hook” attached to the anterior margin of the segment. Bulb

bearing anteriorly a pair of black curved spiniform spurs, coalescing towards the base ; outside of these is

set a racket-shaped membranous appendage. Tarsus of palp broadly produced at the base on the outer

side, being bluntly conical on the upperside. Legs: protarsi i. and ii, with two pairs of spines beneath ;

tibia i. with six pairs, tibia ii. with five pairs of spines beneath,

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

9. Corinna mucronata, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 7, 7a, 3; 8, 8a, 2.)

Type 3, cotype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

$. Total length 11:5 millim. Carap.5x4. Pat.+tab.i1.5°75; iil, 45; iv. 5°75. Prot. i. 3°5; iv. 4°75.

Sternum 2°25 x 2.

$. Carapace and mandibles dull black, rugulose, impunctate; sternum and legs red-brown, smooth, except

the anterior area of femora i., which is slightly granulose. Legs clothed with fine silky hairs. Abdomen

dull clay-yellow, clothed with silky hairs; with a red-brown, dorsal, anterior, elongate-oval, coriaceous

scutum, its posterior margin scarcely reaching the middle of the abdomen.

Carapace gradually inclined behind. Posterior row of eyes strongly procurved, eyes subequal, nearly equi-

distant ; anterior row procurved ; centrals larger, two-thirds of their diameter apart, half a diameter from

the laterals. Clypeus equal to two diameters of an anterior central eye. Lower margin of fung-groove.

with five subequal teeth. Maxille less than twice as long as the labium, rounded, and inclined over it.

Sternum almost circular. Tibia i. with 4—5 spines beneath, no apical pair. Tibia ii. with 3—3 spines

beneath. Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 spines, no central apical spine.

Palpus: femur with a row of erect bristles beneath. Tibia longer than the patella, twice as long as broad,

bearing on the outer side two apophyses; the upper one (seen from above) straight, slender, gradually

narrowing from the base, its bluntly pointed apex directed forwards; the outer one much more

complicate, consisting of a broad chitinous ribbon (its upper margin bearing two black prominences)

folded over downwards and inwards at the apex, which is itself divided into two lobes, the upper rounded,

the lower aculeate.

Bulb bearing a broad, flat, blade-like curved spur, starting from a broader base on the inner apex, and directed

outwards, its point coinciding with a somewhat S-shaped membranous process which starts from the outer

apex of the bulb. The base of the tarsus is produced on the outer side into a broadly pointed spur.

2. Total length 14 millim. Carap. 55x 4:25. Pat.+tib. i. 5°75; iti, 4:5; iv. 5°75, Prot. 1. 3:5; iv. 5,

Sternum 2°75 x 2°5.

Carapace and mandibles deep dull mahogany-black, rugulose-impunctate and granulose, Sternum and mouth-

parts dull deep orange-brown, smooth. Legs dull pale orange-brown, smooth. Abdomen olive-brown,

with fine, very short silky hairs.

Carapace narrowed in front, one-half narrower than the thoracic area. Caput not gibbous, not precipitous

behind, gradually inclined to the posterior margin of the carapace. Eyes closely grouped. Posterior row

procurved, subequal; centrals one and a half diameters apart, two diameters from laterals. Anterior

row procurved ; centrals larger, one-half a diameter apart, less than this from laterals. Central anteriors

just one-half a diameter from central posteriors. Clypeus equal to one and a quarter diameters of an

anterior central eye. Lower margin of fang-groove with five teeth. Sternum smooth, scarcely longer

than broad; labium half the length of the maxille, the latter short, curved, convex on the outer side;

trochanter of palpus attached about the middle.

Legs smooth, clothed with very fine hairs; tibia i. with five pairs of spinners (no apical pair) ; tibia il. with

four spines outside, two inside on the apical half of the segment. Protarsi 1. and ii. with two pairs of

spines beneath, no apical spines. Tarsi and apex of protarsi clothed with scopuliform hairs.

70 ARANEIDEA.

Vulva very simple, consisting of a convex chitinous area, with a semicircular chitinous rim anteriorly ay :

broad dark posterior margin ; the posterior margin is slightly concave at its centre on the upper edge o

the genital rima.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The male of this species is closely allied to C. bellator (L. Koch), from Colombia, of

which the type is now before me, but it is quite distinct.

10. Corinna nervosa, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 9, 9 a, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 9 millim. Carap.4x3. Pat.+tib. i. 4°5; iii. 8:25; iv. 4:5. Prot. iv. 3°75.

¢. Carapace and mandibles deep mahogany-brown, coarsely granulose-impunctate. Sternum and coxee of legs

dark mahogany-brown, granulose-impunctate. Legs dull orange-brown. Abdomen clothed with ycllow-

_ grey pubescence, having a smooth wedge-shaped space in the dorsal central anterior region.

Eyes similar to those of C. falcula and Q. uncata, except that the lateral anteriors are almost in contact with

the central anteriors and the clypeus is but one and a quarter diameters of an anterior central eye.

Lower margin of fang-groove with five subequal teeth.

Palpus: tibia as broad as long; tibial spurs two, the upper one broad, concave beneath, rather bilobate at the

apex, the lower one bifid, anterior branch sharp, posterior branch blunt. Bulb bearing a short, stout,

strongly curved, spiniform spur, extending from the inner to the outer side, with a racket-shaped

membranous appendage situated far from the base of the spine, their apices being in contact. Base

of tarsus strongly produced on the outer side in a bilobate form of spur, its apical lobe lying between the

two tibial spurs.

Legs granulose.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

11. Corinna bicuspis, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 10, 10 a-c, 3.)

Type, g, in coll, Godman & Salvin.

Total length 9-5 millim. Carap.4°5x3-25. Pat.+tib.i.5; iii. 4; iv. 5:25. Prot. iv. 4:25.

3. Carapace, mandibles, and sternum black, impunctate-granulose. Legs orange-brown, granulose. Abdomen

brown, with a large, finely granulose chitinous scutum on the anterior dorsal third.

Eyes similar to those of C. nervosa; clypeus equal to two and a quarter diameters of an anterior central eye.

Lower margin of fang-groove with six subequal teeth. Legs as in C. nervosa.

Palpus: tibia broader than long, with two large spurs, the upper one simple, very stout, concave beneath, the

lower one with two processes at its apex, one rounded, convex, shiny black, the other uncate, springing from

the somewhat concave apex of the process. Bulb with two short spurs, the inner one more slender, sharp,

and simple at the apex, the other tending to be bifid and broader; beyond these in the same transverse

line is a small racket-shaped membranous appendage. Tarsus very strongly produced at the base on the

outer side above, the process being bilobate, each lobe stout, incurved, and bluntly pointed at the apex.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

12. Corinna paradoxa, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 11, 11 a-e, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 9 millim. Carap.4x3. Pat.+tab. i. 4°75; iii. 3°55 iv. 4°75.

d+ Carapace and mandibles deep mahogany-brown, impunctate-granulose; sternum and maxille paler ; legs

orange-brown, granulose. Abdomen brown, with two pale spots in the centre of the dorsal area and a

single pale spot immediately above the spinners.

Eyes and carapace as in C. falcula; anterior row of eyes strongly procurved ; centrals almost half a diameter

apart, the same distance from the laterals. Legs: tibia i. with five pairs of spines beneath; protarsus i.

with two pairs; tibia ii. with four pairs bencath. Carapace gradually convex, central fovea shallow.

CORINNA. ral

Palpus: patella very short, convex, scarcely longer than. broad. Tibia very broad, its apex above produced

into a broad, blunt point, concave beneath, directed over the base of the tarsus: it bears two large lateral

spurs on the outer side; the upper one more or less simple, rounded, convex, bicuspid, the upper branch

very convex, terminating in a short blunt black point, concave beneath; the lower spur has a large

concave area at its base on the inner side, whence springs a pale elongate slender process, directed

forwards. Above this area lies on the inner side a shining chitinous convex piece, concave within. The

apex of the spur is bifid, the inner branch uncate, the outer longer and straight.

Bulb bearing two dark spurs at its apex and a long slender membranous process. The larger spur is very

broad (almost the whole width of the bulb) at the base, narrowing to a point (seen from above), but (seen

from the inner side) is concave and broad at the apex. The smaller spur, lying between the former and

the membranous process, is shorter and also broader when seen from the inner side.

The tarsus is produced into a very stout sinuous process at its base on the outer side. (This last and the two

tibial spurs are very difficult to see, since they all lie closely together.) Lower margin of fang-groove

with five subequal teeth.

Hab. GUATEMALA, near the city (Stold).

13. Corinna preceps, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 12, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 10 millim. Carap.4x3. Pat.+tib. i. 4°25; iii. 3°25; iv. 5. Prot.i.2°5; iv. 3°5. Sternum

2x 1-75.

@. Colour and structure as in C. mucronata, but the carapace and mandibles are blacker, and the legs darker

orange-brown. Carapace and mandibles less strongly rugulose-impunctate. Eyes grouped more closely,

anteriors almost in contact. Lower margin of fang-groove with five teeth. Central anterior eyes only

very slightly larger than laterals; clypeus just over one diameter of an anterior central eye. Sternum

very slightly granulose anteriorly ; legs smooth. ‘Tibia i. with three pairs of spines beneath, no apical

pair; ii. with three spines on the outer side. Protarsus i. with two pairs of spines and no apical spine.

Vulva exceedingly similar to that of C. nava; consisting of two oval concavities divided by a narrow chitinous

bridge connecting the anterior and posterior margins; the anterior and lateral margins are rugulose and

impunctate, the posterior margin broader and smooth, shining in the middle. There is no-convex ridge

running from behind into each concavity.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

14. Corinna retusa, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 13, 13 a, 2 .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 9 millim. Carap. 4:25x3. Sternum 2x1°75. Pat.+tib. i.4; iil, 3:25; iv. 4. Prot.i. 2;

iv. 3°75.

Q. Carapace and mandibles deep mahogany-brown, finely granulose. Sternum and legs paler mahogany-brown,

granulose. Abdomen clay-yellow, its anterior margin and a shoulder-spot brown; also a brown, lanceolate,

central anterior dorsal band, with a lateral line on each side of its broadest part, becoming suddenly

narrowed to a thin line posteriorly, with a longer transverse lateral line on each side at its extremity,

which is situated at the middle of the abdomen. The posterior dorsal and lateral areas are dusky brown.

Structure similar to that of C. luctuosa, except that the coxe of the legs are only very slightly and all the other

segments, except the femora, less closely granulose. The legs and abdomen are clothed with much

longer hairs and spines. Anterior row of eyes very strongly procurved. Clypeus equal to one and a half

diameters of an anterior central eye. Lower margin of fang-groove with six'tceth. Tibia i. with five pairs

of long spines; no apical pair. Tibia ii. with four spines on the outer side, three on the inner side.

Protarsi i. and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath; no apical spine.

Vulva consisting of a circular convex area, somewhat bilobate in the centre, having a large subtriangular

transverse cavity about the middle, and another smaller one just in front of it.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

ARANEIDEA.

“I

Te)

15. Corinna luctuosa, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 14, 2 -)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 16 millim. Carap. 6x5. Pat.+tib. i. wanting ; iil. 5°25 ; v. Ang.

Smaller 2. Total length 11°5 millim. Carap.5x4. Pat.+tib. i. 5; iii. 4; 1v. 5.

Sternum 2°5 x 2.

2. Colour similar to that of C. mucronata, but the legs darker mahogany-brown. Abdomen dull clay-yellow,

clothed with very fine silky pubescence.

Structure similar to that of C. mucronata, but the lower margin of the fang-groove with seven teeth, and the

sternum and legs closely granulose. Clypeus high, two and a quarter diameters of an anterior central

eye. Tibia i. with 6—6 spines, one pair being apical. Tibia ii. with 5—5 spines, one pair apical.

Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 spines, but no small central apical spine.

Vulva very simple, consisting of a chitinous convexity with a large circular concavity towards the posterior

margin. Across the cavity are directed many stiff bristles from its anterior margin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

iv. wanting. Sternum 3x 2°5.—

Prot. i. 3°35 iv. 4.

16. Corinna saga, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 15, ¢ .)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 7-5 millim. Carap.3x2. Pat.+tib. i. 3; iii. 2; iv. 3:5, Prot. i. 1°75; iv. 25. Sternum

1:75 x 1:5.

Q. Carapace and mandibles mahogany-black, rugulose and granulose-impunctate. Legs and sternum pale

mahogany-brown, granulose. Abdomen olive-brown, paler beneath, clothed with short stiff black bristles.

Structure as in OC. nava and C. luctuosa, except that the lower margin of the fang-groove has five teeth.

Anterior row of eyes slightly procurved, equidistant, centrals slightly larger. Clypeus equal to one

diameter of an anterior central eye. Sternum and legs granulose. Tibia i. with 4-5 spines beneath,

one pair being apical; tibia ii. with 8—4 spines beneath. Protarsi i. and ii. with two pair of spines

beneath.

Vulva simple, consisting of a convex area, bearing a small fovea close to the posterior margin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

17. Corinna nava, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 16, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 13 millim. Carap. 5:°25x4. Pat.+tib.i.5; iii. 4; iv. 5-25. Prot. i.3; iv. 4:25. Sternum

2°75 x 2.

©. Colour and structure as in C. luctuosa, except that the sternum and coxe, with a small area on the femora

only of the legs, are granulose, and that the lower margin of the fang-groove has six teeth. The clypeus

is equal to two diameters of an anterior central eye. Tibia i. with six spines on the outer side, four on

the inner (apical pair incomplete) ; iii. with three spines on the outer side, and two very small ones on the

inner side. Protarsus i. and ii. with two pairs of spines; no small central apical spine. ,

‘Vulva consisting of a very broad chitinous piece, having a deep oval concavity on each side of a broad, smooth,

longitudinal piece connecting the anterior and posterior margins. From the posterior margin of each

concavity a narrow convex ridge runs back and disappears in the centre of the cavity. Long hairs are

directed backwards over the whole area, from the anterior marginal region.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

18. Corinna variegata, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 17, 17 ad, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 16 millim. Carap.6x4-75. Pat.+tib.i.7; iii. 45; iv. 7. Prot.i.3-5; iv.4°5. Sternum 8 x2.

@. Carapace and mandibles black, dull, strongly rugulose-impunctate, the mandibles granulose-impunctate

CORINNA. 73

Sternum and mouth-parts pale piceous, smooth. Coxe and trochanters of legs dull orange, smooth.

Femur i. dark piceous, granulose on the outside area in front. Femur ii. paler piceous, shading to bright

orange towards the base. Femora iii. and iv. paler orange, with the apical half annulate with piceous. Legs

i. and ii. deep piceous-brown, shining ; tibie iii. and iv. orange, with piceous basal annulation, extending

over half the segment. Protarsi iii. and iv. piceous, tarsi paler. Abdomen dull olive-brown, almost

glabrous, with two large, dull white, irregular oval blotches situate just in front of the middle of the

dorsal area.

Carapace very broad in front, only one-quarter narrower than thoracic area. Caput gibbous, precipitous behind

(not convex at the central fovea), closely rugulose-impunctate. Eyes widely separate. Posterior row

procurved, eyes subequal ; centrals two and a half diameters apart, three and a half from laterals. Anterior

row procurved ; centrals larger, just over half a diameter from central posteriors, the same distance from

each other, and one and a half diameters from laterals. Anterior laterals smaller than posterior laterals,

both situate on a common tubercle. Lower margin of fang-groove with four teeth. Sternum smooth,

distinctly longer than broad; labium less than half the length of the maxille, the latter long, straight,

concave on the outer side, enlarged at the apex. Trochanter of palp attached considerably behind the

middle of the coxa.

Legs clothed with numerous, semi-erect, fine, scattered sete. Tarsi and apex of protarsi of all four pairs

scopulate. Tibia i. outside with five, inside with six spines, including a small apical pair. Tibia ii.

with a single outer row of five spines, including the small apical spine. Protarsi i. and ii. with three

pairs of spines and a single central apical spine. Protarsi iii. and iv. with a short brush of scopuliform

hairs at the apex.

Vulva very simple, consisting of a convex chitinous area, with a small circular fovea in the centre, close to the

posterior margin. In some specimens this fovea has a minute convexity at the bottom.

Hab. Guaremaa, near the Mexican boundary, Muxbal (Sarg).

This spider is very similar to C. annulipes (Tacz.), according to M. Simon’s identifi-

cation and description in Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 420, but there are probably

numbers of species with the legs similarly coloured.

19. Corinna semiluna, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 18, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 12 millim. Carap. 5x 3:25. Sternum 2°25x1-5. Pat.+tib. 1. 4:25; iii. 3; iv. 4:5. Prot.

i, 2; iv. 3.

2. Carapace and mandibles dull black, rugulose or granulose-impunctate. Sternum pale mahogany-brown,

granulose. Legs deep orange-brown, not granulose, femora very slightly so. Abdomen unicolorous

olive-brown, paler beneath, with a single small, though conspicuous, dull white semilunular dot

immediately above the spinners.

Structure similar to that of C. variegata, but the anterior row of eyes is straight, not procurved, and the

maxilla are much shorter in proportion to the labium. Tibia i. with five pair of spines beneath, one

pair being apical. Tibia il. with four spines on the outer side and two on the inner side at the

apex. Protarsi i. and ii. with three pairs of spines beneath and a small, single, central apical spine.

Vulva: a figure is given on Tab. V. fig. 18.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

20. Corinna mexicana.

Hypsinotus mexicanus, N. Banks, Proc, Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1, p. 229, t. 16. fig. 18°,

3 Q. Total length 10-11 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic}.

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1899. uy

74 ARANEIDEA.

21. Corinna testacea.

Hypsinotus testaceus, N. Banks, loc. cit. p. 229, t. 16. fig. 17°.

3. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

TRACHELAS.

Trachelas, L. Koch, Die Drassiden, p. 2 (analytical table) (1866) ; Abhandl. nat. Ges. Niirnberg, .

1872, p. 146, t. 6.

Type 7. nigricans, L. Koch. Colombia.

Legs almost entirely without spines. Tibiw, protarsi, and tarsi of legs i. and ii. sometimes cuspulate, sometimes

plain, beneath. Lower margin of mandibles with from 2-4 teeth. Posterior row of eyes much wider

than the anterior row, or only slightly wider, recurved. Mazxille long, straight, concave on the outer

side, dilate at the apex. Median spinners longitudinally compressed. Sternum produced into a square,

or conical, projection between coxee iii. and iv.

E. Simon quotes the presence of two teeth only on the lower margin of the mandible

fang-groove as one of the chief distinguishing characters of the Trachelew as a group

of the Corinnine. Several of the Central-American species, undoubtedly belonging to

Trachelas, however, have 3-4 teeth.

M. Simon has selected 7. minor, O. P.-Cambr., from Jericho, as the type of the

genus, since Dr. L. Koch evidently acquiesced in the reference of this species to his

genus T’rachelas. Both were described in the same year. The type of 7. nigricans is

now before me.

The species known to me may be tabulated thus :—

Males.

A. Maxille evenly rounded on the external apical margin, often dilate, but not

definitely produced or denticulate. Femur, patella, tibia, and protarsus of

leg ii. without any anterior marginal row of small tubercles. Lower

margin of fang-groove with two stout teeth. Basal segment of mandible

distinctly excavate on the inner margin beneath.

I. Sternum distinctly granulose or rugulose-impunctate.

i. Dorsal area of abdomen more or less scutulate.

a. Tibia of palpus twice as long as broad. (Bulb terminating in a single

broad, sinuous, lanceolate spur, its apex aculeate.) .

b. Tibia of palpus not, or only slightly, longer than broad.

1. Tibia of palpus, in profile from the outside, much broader at the

apex than at the base, not longer than broad. Apical spur of

tibia longer, stouter, and slightly curving upwards. Apex of bulb

with a transverse oblong piece, its anterior outer angle produced

into a stout spine .

lanceolatus, sp. n.

in Sth bs ee ee ee 8 4 transversus, sp. n.

2. Tibia of palpus, in profile from outside, scarcely broader at the

apex than at the base, only about one-quarter longer than broad.

TRACHELAS.

Apical spur of tibia shorter, more slender, and not curving

upwards. Apex of bulb terminating in a very short slightly

sinuous spine . 2. ee wee ee ee ee

ui. Dorsal area of abdomen not scutulate. (Tibia of palpus one-half longer

than broad, with a short slender obliquely depressed apical external

spur. Bulb basally inflated, terminating in a spiraloid lamellular

process, with a fine apical sinuous-uncate point.) . . . . .. .

IL. Sternum smooth, with a few very shallow impressions, but no distinct

granules, rugulosities, or punctures. (Tibia scarcely longer than broad,

with a short slender spur on the outer apical margin directed almost

straight forwards. Bulb much inflated at the base, with a broad slightly

sinuous lanceolate spur at its apex.) . 2... ee ew ee eee

B. Maxille with a more or less developed, individually variable, dentiform or

triangular prominence on the external apical margin. Femur, patella,

tibia, and protarsus of leg iii., or sometimes the tibia or the protarsus only,

bearing an anterior marginal row of minute tubercles. Lower margin of

fang-groove with 3-4 teeth (tooth i. usually very small and inconspicuous

where four teeth are present). Basal segment of mandible straight, not

excavate on the inner margin beneath.

1. Tibia of palpus one-half longer than broad. Bulb basally inflated, with

two short, apical, subsimilar, curved spines, their points directed

upwards into the tarsal concavity. The tibia alone of leg ii. with

an anterior marginal row of minute tubercles . . . . . . . . .

2. Tibia of palpus twice as long as broad (7. bispinosus and T. truncatulus

both bear a small broad apical spur). Bulb basally much narrower

and truncate, with a single small straight spine at the apex. This

spine has a minute cusp at its base, and a thin membranous

process lies near it on the other side. Femur, patella, tibia,

and protarsus of leg ii. with an anterior marginal row of minute

tubercles . 2. 2 1. 1 ee ee ee ee

Females.

A. Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth. Leg iii. without any anterior

marginal row of small tubercles on the femur, patella, tibia, or protarsus.

Sternum scarcely produced behind, obtusely pointed.

i, Sternum smooth, without granulations or rugulosities. Oviducts opening

into two large deep concavities separated by a narrow septum, which is

less than half the diameter of one of them apart . . . . . . . .

u. Sternum distinctly granulose or rugulose-impunctate.

a. Oviducts opening into two deep medium-sized concavities separated by

a septum equal to or wider than the diameter of one of them; the

openings not visible. Size much larger, length 10 millim.. . . .

6. Size much smaller, length 6-7 millim. Orifices opening into a common

shallow concavity at its anterior margin.

spinulatus, sp. n.

spirifer, sp. 0.

bulbosus, sp. n.

bispinosus, sp. n.

truncatulus, sp. n.

bulbosus.

lanceolatus.

Lp 2

76 ARANEIDEA.

1. Orifices of oviducts small and widely separate, at least four diameters

apart ee ee a ee

2. Orifices larger and much closer together, about one diameter apart . similis, sp. 0.

B. Lower margin of fang-groove with 3—4 teeth (the first tooth, when four are

present, being usually very minute). Leg iii. with an anterior marginal

row of small tubercles on the femur, patella, tibia, and protarsus, or on

one or other of these segments. Sternum distinctly produced behind and

squarely truncate. Orifices of oviducts very small, close together in the

centre of a large shallow concavity. Posterior pair of spermathece very

small, piriform; anterior pair much larger, piriform, and inclined over the

transversus.

median line of the epigynal area. . . . . . . + + + ss + + <Otspinosus.

1. Trachelas mexicanus.

Trachelas mexicana, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 226, t, 18. fig. 27°.

9°. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

This species is obviously very closely allied to 7. ruber, Keys., and, according to

Banks, 7. tranquillus (Hentz). The figure given by Banks, of the vulva, on tab. xiii.

fig. 27, is not sufficiently detailed to enable one to separate 7. mexicanus from T. ruber,

Keys., or 7. lanceolatus, F. Cambr. If the specimen is adult, the fact stated by Banks,

‘‘legs with fine hairs, no spines,” might prove it distinct from either, for, except in

immature examples, the first two pairs of legs in 7’. lanceolatus are always more or less

cuspulate, while the type of 7. ruder, Keys., also presents this same characteristic.

Banks does not mention the number of teeth on the fang-groove, and the value of the

relative position of the eyes is considerably discounted by individual variation. Possibly

he has carefully compared the Mexican form with examples from Massachusetts,

whence the type of 7. ruber, Keys., hails. If so, his decision that the former is

distinct from it is valuable, but neither his description nor figure unfortunately will

enable others to benefit by this conclusion.

2. Trachelas lanceolatus, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 20, 20 a-d, 3 ; 21, 21a-f,¢.)

Type 3, cotype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 10 millim. 92. Total length 13 millim.

3d 2. Carapace and mandibles deep black-mahogany-brown. Legs dark orange-brown, the second pair paler.

Abdomen dull clay-yellow, in the male with a rosy scutulate dorsal area. The four muscular scars

noticeable in this genus are also present, as in other species. Sternum and mouth-parts very much paler

than the carapace, mahogany-brown.

_g. Carapace and mandibles rugulose-impunctate, less strongly on the cephalic area. Posterior row of eyes

strongly recurved, centrals one and a half diameters apart, two from laterals. Anterior row procurved,

centrals three-fourths of a diameter apart, three-fourths from laterals 3 eyes subequal. Clypeus less than

a diameter of anterior centrals, Mandibles deeply excavate on the inner margin towards the base, viewed

from beneath. Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth, upper with three teeth. Sternum about

TRACHELAS. 77

one-third longer than broad, granulose-impunctate (each hair springs from a cup-like cavity whose edges

form a low granule), obtusely pointed behind, scarcely produced.

Palpus: tibia of palpus twice as long as broad, with a very small spur on the outer apical margin, just below

the middle. Bulb elongate piriform, not basally much inflated, bearing at its apex a single broad sinuous

lanceolate pointed spine. Legs: tarsi and protarsi i. and ii. cuspulate beneath; tibie i. and ii. with

scattered cuspules extending over the apical half. Leg iii. without anterior marginal row of tubercles.

2. Structure as in the male, except that the mandible is not excavate on the inner side, or only very slightly,

while the tibie of i. and ii. are cuspulate almost to the base. ;

Vulva consisting of two deep concavities separated from each other by a space rather wider than their diameter,

themselves situated about one and a half diameters from the posterior margin. Anteriorly lie, just beneath

the surface, two large oval-elongate brown vessels (spermathecz) covering a space nearly one-half broader

than that covered by the two concavities together, and nearly twice longer.—N.B. The form of the vulva

is very variable.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, Orizaba, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (M. Trujillo).

It is highly probable that this form will prove to be identical with 7. ruder, Keys.,

from N. America, and with 7’. mexicanus, Banks. But although the type of the former

is now before me, I cannot feel absolute confidence in their identity, without the males.

A fairly representative series of this species from Massachusetts would settle the point

at once. The figure given by Banks of the vulva of his 7. mexicanus is not detailed

enough to furnish sufficient evidence for identification. One must therefore leave the

question in abeyance and for the time being characterize both male and female under

another name.

8. Trachelas transversus, sp. n. (Tab. VI. figg. 1, la,¢ ; 2,2.)

Type ¢, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 6-7 millim. 9. Total length 7-5-8 millim.

3 2. Carapace and mandibles mahogany-brown ; legs orange-brown, first two pairs darker. Abdomen clay-

yellow, with, in the male, a rosy scutulate dorsal area, with the usual four muscular scars. Sternum and

mouth-parts pale mahogany-brown. Carapace and mandibles rugulose-impunctate ; the latter excavate

on the inner margin beneath. Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth. Posterior row of eyes

strongly recurved, centrals one and a half diameters apart, two and a half from laterals. Anterior row

procurved ; centrals three-fourths a diameter apart, slightly less from laterals. Central anteriors and

lateral anteriors subequal. Clypeus Jess than a diameter of an anterior central eye.

Sternum granulose-impunctate, with or without a smooth narrow central area, about one-fourth longer than

broad, obtusely pointed behind. Maxille evenly rounded on the outer apical margin.

Legs: tibiz, protarsi, and tarsi i. and ii. cuspulate beneath, tibia ii. only slightly. Leg iii. without any

anterior marginal row of tubercles.

Palpus: tibia (in profile from outside) much broader across the apex than across the base, as broad as long.

Apical spur stout, longer than in 1. spinulatus, and slightly curved upwards. Apex of bulb with a

transverse oblong piece, its outer anterior angle produced into a stout spine. Tarsus terminating broadly

and obtusely at the apex.

@. Structure similar to that of the male, except that the mandible is not excavate on the inner side, and the

cuspules beneath legs i. and ii. are much less numerous.

Vulva: the external orifices of the oviduct are small and set wide apart, at least four diameters, close to the

anterior margin of a broad transverse oval concavity. The oviducts can be noted looped over in front of

the orifices. The two pairs of spermathece are large: the anterior pair elongate-oval, in contact along

the median line ; the posterior pair are more or less symmetrically disposed behind, forming the posterior

78 ARANEIDEA.

limit of the epigynal area, The position of the orifices and the general character of the spermathece are

probably fairly constant, otherwise the conformation of the vulva is liable to individual variation.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

4. Trachelas spinulatus, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 3, 3a, 6 .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. :

Total length 6 millim.

d. Colour the same as in 7’. transversus, and the abdomen with a dorsal scutulate area.

Structure similar to that of 7’. transversus, except that the mandibles are more deeply excavate beneath on

the inner margin.

Palpus: tibia (in profile from outside) scarcely broader at the apex than at the base, about one-fourth longer

than broad ; apical spur shorter than in 7’. transversus and not curved upwards. Apex of bulb terminating

in a short simple spine, whose apex is directed inwards.

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

5. Trachelas spirifer, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 4,4, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 6-5 millim.

¢. Carapace and mandibles dark mahogany-brown. Legsi. and ii. orange-brown, iii. and iv. paler. Abdomen

olive-brown. Sternum mahogany-brown.

Carapace rugulose-impunctate. Sternum slightly longer than broad, shallowly rugulose. Mandibles excavate

on the inner margin. Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth. Maxille evenly rounded on the

external apical margin. Tibia i. cuspulate beneath the apical half, at most; tibia ii. sparsely cuspulate

beneath the apex. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. cuspulate beneath and with a slight scopula. Abdominal

dorsal region not scutulate. Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved; centrals one and a half diameters

apart, two and a half from laterals. Anterior row procurved ; centrals two-thirds of a diameter apart,

three-fourths from laterals. Clypeus less than one diameter of an anterior central eye. Leg iii. without

anterior marginal row of tubercles.

Palpus: tibia one-half longer than broad, with a short spur on the outer side directed downwards. Bulb

basally inflated, terminating in a spiraloid lamellular process, with a fine sinuous-uncate apex.

Hab. Guatema.a (Sarg).

6. Trachelas bulbosus, sp. n. (Tab. VI. figg. 5, 5a, 8,6 ; 6,2.)

Type d, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q. Total length 7 millim.

g. Carapace and mandibles mahogany-brown, sternum a little paler. Legs i. and ii. orange-brown ; iii. and

iv. paler. Abdomen olive-brown, with the four normal muscular scars. Abdomen with a scutulate

dorsal area.

Carapace rugulose-impunctate. Sternum one-fourth longer than broad, smooth. Mandibles excavate on the

inner margin. Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth. Maxille evenly rounded on the external

apical margin. Tibie i. and ii. cuspulate beneath the apex only. Tarsi and protarsi cuspulate beneath

and bearing a thin scopula. Leg iii. without any anterior marginal row of tubercles.

Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved, centrals two diameters apart, two and a half from laterals. Anterior

row only very slightly procurved; centrals half a diameter apart, half a diameter from laterals. Clypeus

less than one diameter of an anterior central eye.

Palpus : tibia scarcely longer than broad, with a small spur on the outer apical margin directed almost straight

forwards. Bulb very much inflated at the base, with a broad sinuous lanceolate spur at its apex. This

spur is somewhat similar to that of 7’. lanceolatus, but is less sinuous, broader, and closer to the apex of

the tarsus ; the bulb is also much more attenuate, while the tibia is twice as long as its breadth.

TRACHELAS. 79

©. Colour and general structure similar, except that tibia ii. has no cuspules beneath, even at its apex.

Vulva consisting of two large oval concavities separated by a narrow septum, less than half their transverse

diameter apart; the central septum disappearing posteriorly into the general concavity formed by the

two posterior portions of the two concavities. The oviducts are distinct on the outer side of each

concavity ; their orifices open into the anterior end of each concavity.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

7. Trachelas bispinosus, sp. n. (‘Lab. VI. figg. 7, 7 a-d, ¢; 8, 8a-c, 2.)

Type 3, cotype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 5 millim.

3. Carapace and mandibles mahogany-brown, sternum a little paler. Legs i. and ii. orange-brown ; iii. and

iv. paler. Abdomen clay-yellow, with a scutulate dorsal area.

Carapace rugulose-impunctate, assuming the form of lines of granules converging towards the central fover.

Sternum almost circular, only slightly longer than broad, granulose-impunctate, with a narrow smooth

central longitudinal anterior area. Maxille with a blunt spur on the outer apical margin. Mandibles

straight, not excavate, on the inner margin. Lower margin of fang-groove with four teeth. Tarsi,

protarsi, and tibie i. and ii. cuspulate beneath, the latter to their base. Tibia iii. alone with anterior

marginal row of tubercles.

Eyes: posterior row recurved, centrals one and a quarter diameters apart, two from laterals. Anterior row

procurved ; eyes equidistant, two-thirds of a diameter apart. Central anteriors slightly larger than

central posteriors.

Palpus: tibia one-half longer than broad, with a broad apical external process, about half the width of the

segment, abruptly narrowed at the apex, and directed forwards and downwards. Bulb somewhat inflate

basally, with, at the apex, two short, subsimilar, curved spines, their points directed upwards into the

tarsal concavity.

2. Colour and general structure as in the male, except that the maxille are evenly rounded on the outer

anterior margin.

Vulva: the area covered by the two pair of spermathece is much longer than broad ; the anterior pair larger,

piriform, and inclined towards each other anteriorly; the posterior pair smaller, piriform, their small ends

set towards each other transversely. The pair of orifices very small and black, set close together in the

median line rather before the middle, in the centre of a deep concavity, whose anterior margin especially

bears some long curving hairs, directed over the concavity. The oviduct is very variable in its course.

The position of the orifices and the general character and position of the spermathecw, however, are

probably constant.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

8. Trachelas truncatulus, sp. n. (Tab. VI. figg. 9, 9 a, 4,6.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 5-5-7 millim.

3. Carapace, mandibles, and legs i. and ii. very dark mahogany-brown, almost black; sternum a little paler.

Abdomen dull clay-yellow. Legs iii. and iv. pale yellow-brown.

Carapace impunctate. Lower margin of fang-grooves with four teeth. Mandibles not excavate on the inner

margin. Maxille with a large triangular (or obtuse dentiform) prominence on the outer apical margin.

Sternum one-fourth longer than broad, granulose-impunctate, with a central anterior smooth area. Femur,

patella, tibia, and protarsi with a row of minute tubercles along the anterior margin. Protarsi and tarsi i.

and ii. cuspulate beneath ; tibia i. cuspulate throughout; tibia ii. for two-thirds of its length with a single

row of cuspules, Abdomen with a scutulate dorsal area.

Eyes of posterior row recurved; centrals two diameters apart, three diameters from laterals. Anterior row

procurved ; centrals half a diameter apart, one-fourth from the laterals. Central anteriors scarcely larger

than central posteriors.

80 ARANEIDEA.

Palpi: tibia twice as long as its breadth, with a very short, broad, inconspicuous spur on its anterior lower

apex on the outer side; the apex of the spur is abruptly narrowed. Tarsus very narrow. Bulb also

very narrow and not inflated basally, being also truncate, in profile; its apex 1s produced into @ very

small spine which bears another smaller cusp at its base. A thin spur of membrane lies outside this

a aes . : eee as

The truncate bulb is somewhat similar to that of 7’. bispinosus, but the table points out the various distinguishing

characters.

Hab. Mexico, Frontera in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

9. Trachelas similis, sp. n. (ab. VI. fig. 10, 2 .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 8 millim. .

Q. Colour similar to that of 7. bulbosus, but much paler. Carapace orange-mahogany. Structure similar to

that of the same species, except that the central posterior eyes are two and one-eighth diameters apart,

three from the laterals. The central eyes are three-fourths of a diameter apart.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith).

Subfam. MICARIINAE.

The four genera including the species of this subfamily which have hitherto been

taken in Central America may be distinguished as follows :—

A. Carapace not pedunculate.

1. Abdomen not or only very slightly pedunculate.

a. Posterior row of eyes procurved, eyes relatively larger and

much closer together . . . . . . . . . . « . CastiaANnerra, Keys.

6. Posterior row of eyes approximately straight, eyes relatively

much smaller and more separate . . . . . . . . Myrmecortypus, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Abdomen pedunculate in front, produced into a long, cylin-

drical, chitinous, rugulose pedicle.

a. Posterior row of eyes approximately straight, eyes relatively

larger and closer together. . . . . . . . . ~« « Mazax, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved, eyes relatively

smaller and wider apart . . . . . . . =. . . . Apocuinomma, Pavesi.

B. Carapace pedunculate behind, forming a long smooth pedicle . Spruecorypus, O. P.-Cambr.

Nore.—In Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, il. p. 175, E. Simon quotes Myrmecotypus, O. P.-Cambr., as a synonym

of Apochinomma, Pavesi. He has kindly sent me an example, 9, of this last-mentioned genus from Natal,

which is closely allied to the Central-American form, the chief difference lying in the position of the eyes.

The genus Myrmecotypus has been retained on the grounds that the posterior row of eyes is only slightly wider

than the anterior and almost straight; the central posteriors are further from each other than from the

laterals, and the central anteriors are much larger than the lateral anteriors. In Apochinomma (sec.

received from E. Simon) the posterior row is very much wider than the anterior and strongly recurved ; the

central posteriors are closer together than to the laterals, and the central anteriors are only slightly larger

than the laterals.

Mazax may prove to be congeneric with Corinnomma severum, Thor., the type of Corinnomma, Karsch.

CASTIANEIRA. 81

CASTIANEIRA.

Castianeira, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1879, p. 335.

Micariaulax, Becker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p, 82 (1879).

Pedo, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. 1. pp. 219, 286 (1896).

Type, ¢, C. rubicunda, Keys., in Brit. Mus. Colombia.

Posterior row of eyes more or less strongly procurved, scarcely wider than the anterior row; central posteriors

further from each other than from the laterals. Anterior row strongly procurved, centrals sometimes

slightly larger, otherwise equal. Clypeus high, equal to two diameters of an anterior centraleye. Lower

margin of fang-grove with two small teeth. Maxille short and straight; labium broader than long,

equal to about half the length of the maxille. Body clothed with plumose hairs, more or less scattered,

often brightly coloppsc. Femora of all four pairs of legs and tibie and protarsi of the third and fourth

pairs spinose, = > the first and second pairs less so, Tibise i. and ii. with a few pairs of spines beneath,

variable in number and length. Protarsi i. and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath, but no central

apical spine. Abdomen not furnished with a pedicular elongation ; but, in both sexes, often with a dorsal

and ventral scutum.

1. Castianeira dugesi.

Micariaulax dugesii, Becker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. 83, t. 2. figg. 9, 10°.

Type, ¢, in Mus. Roy. Belg.

Hak. Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés +).

2. Castianeira ornata.

Pedo ornatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 220, t. 26. nee: 14, 14a-e (2).

Castianeira ornata, O. P. -Cambr. loe. cit. p- 286°.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith'); Guatemata (Sarq).

3. Castianeira plumosa.

Pedo plumosus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 242, t. 81. figg. 12,

l2a-f(?)’.

Castianeira plumosa, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 286 °.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith +).

4, Castianeira plorans.

Pedo plorans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 274, t. 38. figg. 10,

10a-e (¢), 11, lla(¢)".

Castianeira plorans, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 286°.

Type d, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin*. Total length, g 6, 2 8 millim.

* Males of C. plorans alone occur amongst the numerous females of the species 2-5 from Amula. It is

possible that all these are merely varieties of one, C. ornata.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., December 1899. ° Mt

82 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Amula! and Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith) ; GuaTEMALA (Sarg),

Guatemala city (Sto//).

5. Castianeira lachrymosa.

Pedo lachrymosus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 275, t. 34. figg. 4,

4a-d (?)’.

Castianeira lachrymosa, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 286°.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (Hf. . H. Smith *).

6. Castianeira flebilis. |

Castianeira flebilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 286, t. 32. figg. 8,

8a-c (¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith 1).

7. Castianeira luctuosa.

Castianeira luctuosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 287, t. 32. figg. 9,

9a-c(¢?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith +).

8. Castianeira lugens.

Castianeira lugens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 288, t. 32. figg. 10,

10 a-c (2)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith").

9. Castianeira mexicana.

Thargalia mexicana, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 68, t. 18. fig. 887.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic !.

I have not seen a specimen of this species and cannot therefore judge of its position.

MAZAX.

Mazax, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 275 (1898).

Type M. spinosa, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

Posterior row of eyes approximately straight ; eyes large, subequal, close together, centrals one and an eighth

diameters apart, nearly one diameter from laterals; scareely wider than anterior row. Anterior row

procurved ; centrals slightly larger than laterals, but smaller than any of the posterior eyes, less than one

diameter apart, almost in contact with the laterals. Carapace not or only slightly sontencied behind the

MAZAX.—MYRMECOTYPUS. 83

cephalic area. Abdomen produced in front into a cylindrical, rugulose pedicle, scutulate at the base, with

or without a pair of spines. Both margins of the fang-groove with two minute teeth. Tibie and protarsi

i, and ii. with pairs of spines beneath, varying in number and length. Femur of the palpus(Q) with

four or five stout spines beneath, on the lower margin.

To this genus doubtless belongs Apochinomma acanthaspis, Sim., from the Amazons.

The two species now recorded from Central America may be recognized as

follows :—

a. Abdomen and abdominal scutum clothed with long hairs, the latter

bearing in front a pair of stout spines articulated to a basal cusp.

Abdomen globular, with an oblique band of white on each side about

the middle, and an indistinct transverse dorsal bar towards the apex.

Tibiz i. and ii. with 2—2—2 pairs of spines beneath . . . . . spinosa, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Abdomen and abdominal scutum smooth, clothed with very fine short

hairs only, without spines, but with two very fine bristles only in front 4

of the scutum. Abdomen elongate-oval, with a narrow white cincture

before the middle of the dorsal and lateral areas, broken where it

meets the posterior margin of the scutum. Tibi i. and i. with

2—2—2—2—2 spines and 2—2—2 respectively. . . . . . . . plana, sp. n.

1. Mazax spinosa.

Mazax spinosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 276, t. 34. figg. 2,

2a-e(2)’.

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Guatremara (Sarg).

2. Mazax plana, sp.n. (Tab. VI. fig. 11, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6-5 millim.

@. Carapace and mandibles mahogany-brown, the latter striped with darker brown; sternum paler. Legs

pale orange-yellow, the first pair paler, striped and mottled with brown. Inner side of the femora of all

four pairs, and of the tibiz of iii. and iv., and the outer side of the femora towards the base, suffused with

brown. Protarsi of all four pairs suffused about the middle and on the underside with brown. Abdomen

deep purple-brown, with a cincture of white just before the middle, interrupted in the middle on the

dorsal line. On each side of the genital rima is a small piriform spot of white hairs. A ventral area

with a white sinuous longitudinal blotch on each side and a finer sinuous line of pale spots extending

from the piriform spot almost to the spinners on each side.

Structure similar in general respects to that of WM. spinosa, but the abdominal scutum is hemispherical, smooth,

and shining, without any spines, but with only a pair of very fine bristles. The abdomen itself is

elongate-oval. There is no external structure belonging to the genital organs which can be used for

purposes of specific comparison in either of these species.

Hab. GvatTemara (Sargq).

MYRMECOTYPUS.

Myrmecotypus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 123 (1894).

Type UM. fuliginosus, O. P.-Cambridge. Mexico.

Mp2

84 _ ARANEIDEA.

Posterior row of eyes approximately straight ; eyes small, widely separate; centrals at least three diameters

apart, two from the laterals. Anterior row almost straight; centrals much the largest of the eight and

prominent, over one diameter apart, less than half a diameter from the laterals: Carapace more or less

contracted behind the cephalic area, the latter bluffly rounded in front. Abdomen not produced into a

cylindrical rugulose pedicle in front; the base sometimes scutulate and with two pairs of fine spines.

Femur of palpus ( 2) with four or five stout spines on the lower margin. Both margins of fang-groove

with two small teeth.

1. Myrmecotypus fuliginosus. 7

Myrmecotypus fuliginosus,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 124, t. 18. figg. 6,

6a-d(?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

2. Myrmecotypus pilosus.

Corinnomma pilosum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 277, t. 38. figg. 3,

3a-e(3),4,40,56(2)’.

Type 2, cotype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

3. Myrmecotypus dubius. |

Corinnomma dubium, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 277, t. 34. figg. 1,

la-c (?)'.

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

SPHECOTYPUS.

Sphecotypus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 152 (1895).

Type S. formicarvus, O. P.-Cambr.=S. niger (Perty). N. & S. America.

1. Sphecotypus niger. | ?

Myrmecia nigra, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras. p. 199, t. 89. fig. 9 (1833)1; ? Abbot’s Drawings,

t. 92. fig. 457°; Walck. Ins. Apt. i. p. 886 (1837) °; C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, ix. p. 15,

fig. 701 (1842) “; E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 169°; Keyserling, Brazilianische

Spinnen, p. 80 (1891) °.

Sphecotypus formicarius, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 158, t. 19. figg. 4, 4a-d (2) 7.

Total length of S. formicarius 26 millim.

Hab. NortH America, Georgia?—Panama, Bugaba (Champion 7).—Vunuzun.a °;

Brazi } 346,

CHIRACANTHIUM. 85

‘Subfam. CLUBIONINA..

In this subfamily the terminal segment of the posterior pair of spinners is sometimes

nearly as long as the basal segment, thus differing from that of the Corinninz and

Micariine, in which it is always short.

The genera represented in the Central-American fauna may be distinguished thus:—

GENERA.

A. Carapace without any central thoracic stria.

1. Apical segment of posterior spinners very short, but distinct.

Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth situated a long

distance from the base of the fang . . . . . . . . Curracanruium, K. Koch.

2. Apical segment of posterior spinners very long, slender, flexuose.

Lower margin of fang-groove with 3, 4, or 5 teeth situated

near the base of the fang . . . . . . . . . . . . Evuricuurus, E. Simon.

B. Carapace with central thoracic stria distinctly marked.

1. Central anterior eyes much larger than the laterals. Terminal

segment of posterior spinners nearly as long as the basal

segment. . . .. . . . . . . . Srrorarcaus, E. Simon.

2. Central anterior eyes not or slightly larger than the laterals.

Terminal segment of posterior spinners very short.

a. Posterior row of eyes procurved. Central posteriors more

remote from each other than from the laterals . . . . Cxusrona, Latr.

6. Posterior row of eyes recurved. Central posteriors nearer to

each other than to the laterals. . . . . . . . . ~ Lavricius, E. Simon.

CHIRACANTHIUM.

Chiracanthium, K. Koch, Die Aracbniden, vi. p. 9 (1839).

Type C. punctorium (Villers) = nutriv, Walck. (sec. Simon). Kurope.

Carapace without any central thoracic stria. Central anterior eyes not or scarcely larger than the laterals,

subequal. Posterior pair of spinners with a short conical terminal segment. Lower margin of the fang-

groove with two teeth situated some distance from the base of the fang; upper margin with two small

teeth. Colulus absent. .

Figures of the structural details of the European C. nutrix are given on Tab. VI.

figg. 12, 12 a-c (2).

Males *

a. Tibial spur of the palpus single, lying beneath the produced tarsal basal

spur, on the outside... . . ce eee ferum, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Tibial spur of the palpus divided into two ‘branches, with the tarsal basal

spur lying between them. (Sec. Becker’s figures 14, 14a.) . . . keyserlingi, Becker.

* The figure of C.znclusa (Hentz) is not sufficiently detailed to enable one to grasp the differential characters,

that of C. keyserlingi, Beck., is, however, sufficient for the purpose.

86 ARANEIDEA.

1. Chiracanthium ferum.

Chiracanthium ferum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 228, t. 29. figg. 8,

8a-e(g)’.

Chiracanthium debile, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 229, t. 29. figg. 7, 7a-c (2).

Type of C. ferum, 3, of C. debile, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, 2 6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer!); Panama, Veraguas (Boucard ”).

An adult male and females, of which the male is identical with C. ferum, and the

females with C. debile, were taken in Veraguas by Boucard, where the type of C. debile

was also procured.

2, Chiracanthium keyserlingi.

Chiracanthium keyserlingi, Becker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi. p. 79, t. 2. figg. 11-14 (¢) (1878)’.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato !.

8. Chiracanthium inclusum.

Clubiona inclusa, Hentz, Spid. United States, p. 85, t. 10. fig. 18 (1875)*; Banks, Proc. Calif,

Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 225°. .

Hab. Nort America, Massachusetts 1, Carolina.—MeExico, Tepic 2.

EUTICHURUS.

Eutichurus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 88 (1897).

Type £. ferov, E. Sim. Venezuela and the Antilles.

Carapace without any central stria. Central anterior eyes uot larger than the laterals, subequal. Apical

segment of posterior pair of spinners very long, slender, and flexuose. Lower margin of fang-groove with

3, 4, or 5 subequal teeth situated near the base of the fang; upper margin with three small subequal

teeth. Colulus absent.

We give figures of the structural details of a male of E. ferox. (See Tab. VI.

figg. 13, 13 a-c.)

1. Eutichurus putus.

Eutichurus putus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 237, t. 34, figg. 8, 3a—d (9).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13 millim.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Boucard').

STROTARCHUS.

Strotarchus, KE. Simon, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 210.

Bedriacum, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 250 (1898).

Type of Strotarchus, S. nebulosus, E. Simon ; of Bedriacum, B. predator, O. P.-Cambr.: both from Mexico.

Carapace with the central stria distinctly marked. Central anterior eyes much larger than the laterals.

Posterior pair of spinners with a cylindro-conical terminal segment almost as long as the basal segment.

STROTARCHUS. 87

Upper margin of the fang-groove with three subequal teeth, lower margin with two, but the number is

not constant. Colulus absent.

The two species of which the males are known may be separated thus :—

Males.

A. Tarsus of palpus at least two aud a half times longer than the tibia.

Apex of bulb terminating in a short fork-like tongue, with two

prongs; also with a long almost straight fine spine coming from

behind the palpal organs at their apex and directed straight forwards,

lying in the concavity of the tarsus. Tibial spurs shorter and blunter. predator, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tarsus of palpus scarcely twice the length of the tibia. Apex of bulb

terminating in a sharply curved hook, its base springing from a

bicuspidate chitinous plate. Tibial spur longer and sharper . . . violaceus, sp. 0.

1. Strotarchus nebulosus, (Tab. VI. fige. 14, 14a-c, 2.)

Strotarchus nebulosus, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 210 (¢?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio !.

Our figures are taken from M. Simon’s type.

2. Strotarchus violaceus, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 15, 15a, ¢; 16,2.)

Type ¢, and cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢, 9 millim.

3 Q. Carapace and sternum pale mahogany-brown, mouth-parts and mandibles darker, all with violet

reflections. Legs pale orange-brown, with violet reflections. Abdomen ochreous-brown.

3 Q. Posterior row of eyes procurved, eyes subequal, two diameters apart; anterior row straight, centrals

circular, larger than the laterals, three-fourths of a diameter apart, one-fourth of a diameter from the

laterals. Clypeus just over one and a fourth diameters of an anterior central eye. Lower margin of

fang-groove with two teeth, upper margin with three. ‘Tibiz i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath and a

pair of lateral spines on each side. Protarsii. and ii. with two spines beneath and a pair of lateral

spines on each side. Patella without spines. Tibi and protarsi iii. and iv. numerously spined, the

former without dorsal spines.

6 palpus: tibia just over twice as long as broad, with a short sharp straight spur on the external apex.

Tarsus scarcely twice as long as the tibia, deeply concave beneath, almost to the apex, containing the

palpal organs: these consist of a globular bulb terminating in a sickle-shaped black spine; below its

base lies a bicuspidate chitinous plate.

@ vulva consisting of a large shallow semicircular cavity, its margins somewhat reflexed, rather narrower in

front, emarginate behind, having in the anterior central portion of the cavity a black transverse spot.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

3. Strotarchus predator. (Tab. VI. figg. 17, 17 4, 3.)

Bedriacum predator, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 251, t. 33. figg. 7,

Zaf(ds)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10°25 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith *).

88 ARANEIDEA.

CLUBIONA.

Clubiona, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxiv. p. 1384 (1804).

Elaver, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 288 (1898).

Type of Clubiona, C. pallidula (Clerck), Europe; that of Hlaver, E. tigrina, O. P.-Cambr., Mexico.

Carapace with the central stria distinctly marked. Central anterior eyes not or scarcely larger than the

laterals. Posterior pair of spinners with a very short (sometimes longer) conical terminal segment.

Posterior row of eyes procurved, centrals more remote from each other than from the laterals. Upper

margin of fang-groove with 3 or 4 teeth, one being much larger, lower margin with 3 or 4 unequal teeth:

the number varies, often being different on the right and left falx in the same individual. Colulus

absent, or marked by a group of hairs only. Anal tubercle very distinct.

The structural details of the type of the genus, C. paliidula (Clerck), are figured on

Tab. VI. figg. 18, 18 a—-c ( @ ).

Males.

A. Tibiz i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath, the third pair apical and

very small.

i, Tibia of palpus more than four times loriget than broad, with a

short blunt spur at its base above. Tibial process tridendate; the

basal tooth very large, uncate, the other two teeth much smaller.

Bulb with a sharp spur at the base on the inner side.

ii. Tibia of palpus not more than three times longer than broad,

without short basal spur above. Bulb without any sharp spur at

the base on the inner side.

a. Tibial spur very long, longer than the tibia itself, and deeply

bifid at its apex ;

b. Tibial spur comparatively short, less than half the length of the

tibia.

1. Tibial spur very short, terminating in two sharp, stout,

divergent spines Sie ew pe ke

2. Tibial spur longer, triangular, and more or less dentate. ¢

a. Tibial spur with three dentations ; the apical one very long

and sharp, the second shorter, the third very minute

6. Tibial spur with five dentations . . een

B. Tibie-i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath; no apical pair. “Tibia of

palpus not longer than broad. Mandibles excavate on the inner

margin ot

Females *

A. Abdomen with very distinct pattern: a central posterior dorsal row of

triangular spots, with slender lateral branches, with oblique lateral

bars, sometimes coalescent. Protarsi and tarsii. and ii. dark brown.

a. Central tongue of vulva short, broad, not narrowed at its base,

scarcely reaching to the middle of the total length of the vulva

tigrina, O. P.-Cambr.

crocota, O. P.-Cambr.

depuncta, O. P.-Cambr.

tricuspis, sp. 0.

simplex, O. P.-Cambr.

excisa, O. P.-Cambr.

tigrina.

* The types of C. mordica and C. placida, O. P.-Cambr., are not sufficiently developed to enable me to

tabulate their characters satisfactorily.

CLUBIONA. 89

b. Central tongue of vulva longer, more slender, narrowed at its base,

reaching beyond the middle of the total length of the vulva . . depuncta.

B. Abdomen with none, or scarcely any pattern.

a. Central tongue of vulva occupying almost the whole length of the

vulva, very broad. Abdomen olive-green, with a faint central

series of pale \-shaped marks on the posterior dorsal line . . Jinguata, sp. n.

6. Central tongue of vulva very short and narrow, embedded in a dark

protuberance on each side of it. Abdomen pale clay-yellow, with

very faint indications of a pattern. . . . . . . . . . . sericea, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Clubiona crocota. (Tab. VI. fig. 19, ¢.)

Clubiona crocota, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 168, t. 21. figg. 2, 2.a-e(¢),

3,3a,b(2)%.

Type, ¢ 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5°75, 2 7:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ?).

2. Clubiona simplex. (Tab. VI. fig. 20, ¢.)

Clubiona simplex, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 195 (¢) *.

Type, ¢,in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Yzabal (Sarg ').

3. Clubiona tigrina. (Tab. VI. figg. 21, 21a, b, 3; 22, 2.)

Elaver tigrina, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 238, t. 30. figg. 6, 6a-g( 3),

7(Q)'.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g¢ 12-13°5, 9 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith?).

4, Clubiona sericea, (Tab. VI. fig. 23, ¢.)

Elaver sericea, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 239, t. cO. figg. 11, 11 a-e(?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith +).

5. Clubiona depuncta. (Tab. VI. figg. 24,244, b, ¢; 25, 2.)

Elaver depuncta, O.-P. Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 240, t. 30. figg. 10, 10a-d( 9)".

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13°5 millim.; ¢ & Q adult, 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero, Orizaba1 (H. H. Smith), Jalapa (M. Trujitio).

This species was based upon a not fully mature specimen. Fully adult examples,

however, both of the male and female, occur in our collection. In these the pattern on

the abdomen is well marked, quite as pronounced as in C. tigrina and very similar.

The male characters are given in the Table. ==

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., February 1900. NE

90 ARANEIDEA.

6. Clubiona placida.

Elaver placida, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 240, t. 31. fige. 4, 4a-d(9)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith *).

7. Clubiona tricuspis, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 26, 264, 6 .)

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 8-5 millim.

dg. Carapace, legs, sternum, and mouth-parts pale orange-yellow ; mandibles darker. Abdomen dull ochre-

yellow, with a darker chitinous scutum extending over the anterior two-thirds of the dorsal area; a few

very indistinct dusky bars lie between the end of the scutum and the spinners.

Palpus: tibia about two and a half times longer than broad. Tibial spur with three dentations, the lower and

apical one long, sharp, and curving upwards, the second much shorter, curving downwards, the third a

very minute cusp. The bulb exhibits no sharp spur at its base.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

8. Clubiona linguata, sp. n. (Tab. VI. fig. 27, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Gonman & Salvin. Total length 14 millim.

2. Carapace, legs, sternum, and mouth-parts mahogany-brown; legs and sternum paler, the former not so

dark at the extremities as in C. tigrina. Abdomen olive-green, mottled with pale yellow ; anterior dorsal

central area paler, posterior marked with a central series of four to six pale transverse ““\-shaped bars,

the first in the series broader, but not extending so far laterally. Ventral area pale yellow, mottled

sparsely with olive-brown spots.

Vulva: the central chitinous tongue is very long and broad, more than two-thirds the whole length of the

vulva, All the parts of the vulva, especially the tongue, are clothed with hairs, which are not shown in

the figure.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarq).

A single female only was taken. Apart from the different form of the vulva, this

spider has only a very slight pattern on the abdomen, very different from that of

C. tigrina. For other characters, see the Table of species. The size of the central

tongue, however, differs very much in individuals, and it is possible that this specimen

is merely a variety of C. tigrina.

9. Clubiona excisa. :

Clubiona excisa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 245, t. 88. figg. 5,5 a—e (3).

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4-5 millim. 7

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith 4),

10. Clubiona mordica.

Clubiona mordica, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 274, t. 32. figg. 14

14a-d(¢?)’. ee

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith 1).

LAURICIUS.—HETEROCHEMMIS. 91

LAURICIUS.

Lauricius, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1888, p. 208.

Type L. hemicleinus, E. Simon. Mexico.

Carapace with central thoracic stria distinctly marked. Central anterior eyes not, or only slightly, larger

than the laterals. Posterior row of eyes recurved, centrals nearer to each other than to the laterals.

Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth, upper with three. Posterior pair of spinners with a very

short conical terminal segment. Colulus absent.

1. Lauricius hemicleinus. (Tab. VII. figg. 1, 1 a-g, 2.)

Lauricius hemicleinus, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 210 (?)".

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 18 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer+), Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Snuth).

Subfam. LIOCRANINA.

The genera included in this subfamily may be distinguished from those of the

Clubionine and Micariinee by the presence beneath the tibie and protarsi of the first

and second pairs of legs of a double series of more or less numerous long spines. The

two genera Chemmis and Heterochemmis may be separated from Liocranum by the fact

that the tarsi of all four pairs of legs are furnished with claw-tufts. They may be

known from each other by the difference in size of the anterior central eyes and in the

number and disposition of the spines on the tibize and protarsi of the legs.

The three genera represented in Central America may be tabulated thus :—

a. Posterior pair of spinners with a long terminal segment. . . . Sysprra, Simon.

6. Posterior pair of spinners with a very short terminal segment.

1. Eyes of anterior rowequal . . ..... . . . . HETEROCHEMMIS, gen. nov.

2. Central eyes of anterior row much larger than the laterals . . Cx#emmnis, Simon.

SYSPIRA.

Syspira, EK. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1895, p. 135.

Type S. tégrina, E. Simon. Lower California.

1. Syspira tigrina.

Syspira tigrina, E, Simon, loc. cit. p. 185°; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 226°.

Hab. Lower Cauirornia ! *.—Maxico, Mazatlan and Hermosillo 2.

-HETEROCHEMMIS, gen. nov.

For its characters, see the Table above.

92 ARANEIDEA.

1. Heterochemmis mirabilis.

Liocranum mirabile, O. P.-Cambr. Biol.’Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 214, t. 26. figg. 8,

8af(3),9,9a(%)*

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith’).

CHEMMIS.

Chemmis, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 215 (June 1898). é

Menalippe, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 284 (Dec. 1898).

Type Chemmis frederici, E. Simon. Costa Rica.

Posterior row of eyes slightly procurved, eyes subequal; centrals slightly smaller, two diameters apart, a little

less from the laterals. Anterior row procurved ; centrals much larger than any of the others, less than

half a diameter apart, a little less from laterals. Clypeus less than one diameter of an anterior central

eye. Sternum scarcely longer than broad, smooth, clothed with fine hairs. Spinners six, anterior pair

with very short terminal segment; posterior pair with a slightly longer terminal segment. Central pair

as long as the anteriors, but much smaller. Colulus present. Stigmatic opening in front of the spinners

marked by a conical chitinous cusp.

Femur of palpus (@ ) with a row of bristles on the inner side beneath.

Tarsus of palpus (@) clavate, with a pectinated terminal claw. Tarsi of all four pairs lightly scopulate

beneath, also the apex of the protarsi. Tibi i. and il. with 2—2—-2—2—2 spines beneath, but no

apical pair. Tibia ii. has only one spine, very small, representing the basal pair. Protarsi i. and ii, with

2—2 spines beneath and a simple small spine on the inner side about the middle. |

Carapace elongate-oval, slightly narrowed in front. Mandibles stout, gibbous above, at base: as in Corinna.

Lower margin of fang-groove with two stout conical teeth, upper margin with three short conical unequal

teeth. Labium broader than long, slightly dilate at the apex, fringed with long, stiff, convergent bristles.

Maxille emarginate on the outer side, rounded on the outer apical, obliquely truncate on the inner

apical margin, the latter fringed with a tuft of incurving hairs at the apex and a thick brush of short

hairs below.

Tarsal claws two; claw-tuft present.

1. Chemmis frederici. (Tab. VII. fig. 2,2; Tab. VIII. figg. 1, 1a, 9.)

Chemmis frederici, E. Simon, loc. cit. p. 215 (2)'.

Menalippe punctigera, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 284, t. 32. figg. 7, 7a-e (2)*.

Type (2) of C. frederici in coll. E. Simon, Paris ; that (2 ) of M. punctigera in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero, Teapa in Tabasco? (H. Hf. Smith); GuaTEMALA

(Sarg); Costa Rica}.

Fam. ANYPHANIDZE.

Characters as in the Clubionide, except that the tracheal stigmata are always more

or less remote from the spinners, and the claw-tuft consists of a double series of

lamelliform hairs.

‘The spiders comprised in this family live amongst the foliage of trees and bushes,

spinning a more or Jess tubular retreat amongst the leayes in the same manner as do

the members of the family Clubionide.

The various genera may be recognized as follows :—

ANYPHENIDA.

A. Spiracular rima situated at, or before, the middle of the ventral area,

which extends from the genital rima to the base of the spinners.

I. Maxille not more than twice longer than broad, almost parallel-

sided, not conspicuously dilate at their apex. (Mandibles of

male not developed, normal.)

a. Protarsi i. and ii. with one pair of spines only at the base

beneath. Eyes of anterior row subequal . .

6. Protarsi i. and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath. Central

anterior eyes distinctly smaller than the laterals

II. Maxille at least three times longer than broad, emarginate on

the outer side, distinctly dilate at the apex. Mandibles of

male more or less developed.

i. Eyes of anterior row subequal, or centrals slightly larger.

a. Posterior row of eyes straight, or almost so. Legs i. longer

than iv. Lower margin of fang-groove with 3-7 teeth .

b. Posterior row of eyes strongly procurved. Legs iv. longer

than legsi. Lower margin of fang-groove with two teeth

only. 2 1 ee ee ee

ii, Eyes of anterior row very unequal ; centrals much smaller.

aa. Tibiz i. and ii. with two to five pairs of spines beneath. Legs

much shorter and stouter (except in Wulfila), the spines

stouter and less numerous, and regularly paired.

i. Protarsi i. and ii. with one pair of spines only at the base

beneath. Eyes more widely separate. Carapace more

convex, broader infront. Lower margin of fang-groove

with 4—5 stout teeth (¢). Males with very long

mandibles . 2... ee et ee et es

ii. Protarsi i. and ii. with two to three pairs of spines

beneath. Eyes more closely grouped. Carapace com-

pressed, especially in front. Lower margin of fang-

groove with 10-13 minute teeth (2).

a. Protarsi i. and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath.

Legs much stouter and spines stouter. Tibie 1.

and ii. with two pairs of spines beneath

- §. Protarsi i. and ii. with three pairs of spines beneath.

Legs much more slender and spines more slender.

Tibize i. and ii. with three pairs of spines beneath

bb. Tibie i. and ii. with 16-20 very long spines, irregularly

situated, not regularly paired. Legs much longer and

more slender.

1. Protarsi i. and ii. with 10-16 long, slender spines

beneath. Terminal segment of posterior pair of

spinners less than half as long as the basal segment.

Maxille shorter and more parallel-sided, not distinctly

dilate at the apex .

form, group 1).

Anypuana, Sund. (typical

ANYPHENA, Sund.(group 2).

AysHa, Keys.

Aracuosia, O. P.-Cambr.

Trvupis, O. P.-Cambr.

SILLUS, gen. nov.

Wu trina, O. P.-Cambr.

Cracus, O. P.-Cambr.

94 ARANEIDEA.

2. Protarsi i, and ii. with a few long basal spines only.

Terminal segment of posterior spinners nearly as long

as the basal segments. Maxille emarginate on the

outer side, dilate at the apex . . . - + + + + + Macrornyzs, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Spiracular rima situated behind the middle of the ventral area of

the abdomen, towards the spinners.

i. Posterior row of eyes procurved ; anterior row in a straight line. GayEnna, Nic.

ii. Posterior row of eyes recurved; anterior row slightly procurved. Prnayo, O. P.-Cambr.

ANYPHANA.

Aena, Sundevall, Consp. Arachn. p. 20 (1888).

Type A. accentuata, Walck. Europe.

Anyphena can be distinguished from other closely allied genera, such as Aysha and

-Arachosia, by the shorter, more parallel-sided maxille, and the straight posterior row

of eyes. The spiracular rima is situated in the middle, or just before the middle, of

the ventral area. The central anterior eyes are only slightly smaller than the laterals.

The typical form, A. accentuata, Sund., has one pair of spines beneath the base of the

anterior protarsi, while all those from Central America have two pairs of spines.

The species are very numerous, and the males of many of them are remarkable for

the conical protuberances on the coxe of one or more pairs of legs.

The Central-American forms known to me may be recognized by the following

characters :—

Males.

A. Coxe of one or more pairs of legs produced into a more or less

conical prominence. . oo,

i. Coxee of the first two pairs of legs only produced into a conical,

dentigerous prominence, that of the first pair being the largest . simplex, O. P.-Cambr.

ii. Coxe of third or fourth pairs produced into a conical prominence.

a. Coxe of the second or third pairs, besides those of the fourth

pair, of legs bearing prominences.

1. Coxe of ii., iii., and iv. with prominences, that on i. being at

the anterior apical angle; that on ii. in the same position,

with a second elongate, curved appendage behind the first ;

that on iii. at about the middle of the base. . . . . . tuberosa, sp. n.

2. Coxe of iii. and iv. with stout curved processes springing

from their base. Base of tarsus of palpus produced into a

large conical spur above . . . . . . + + + + «+ « proba, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Coxe of third pair only with a conical prominence towards its

base.

i. Tibial apophysis not divided into two branches.

1*. Tibial apophysis broad, not curved at its base, bearing

on the upper margin, about the middle, a short, sharp,

triangular spur - . we eee ww ww ee «gtbba, O. P.-Cambr.

ANYPHANA. 95

2*, Tibial apophysis curved strongly upward and outward at

the base, without any spur on the upper margin . . . gibbosa, O. P.-Cambr.

ii. Tibial apophysis divided into two branches.

1. Upper branch of tibia of palpus strongly curved, falciform,

sharp at its apex. Lower branch sinuous, terminating in

a bilobate lamelliform structure . . subgibba, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Upper branch of tibia of palpus short, lamelliform, bifid at

the apex, formed like a fish-tail. Lower branch broad,

straight, not pointed at the apex . . . . . . . . judicata, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Coxe of all four pairs of legs plain, without spurs or conical

prominences.

I. Coxe plain, without short black spines.

a. Tibia of palpus with a long, broad, curved basal spur on the

outer side, besides the usual apical spur... . . stylifer, sp. n.

6. Tibia with, sometimes, a prominence beneath, but without the

long basal spur.

1. Tibia of palpus scarcely longer than broad (including the

prominence), with a broad subconical prominence beneath.

Apical spur of tibia without a cluster of bristles at the base

on the outer side. Palpal organs with a stout, sinuous black

spine at their apex . . . . .... . . . . plana, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Tibia of palpus three times longer than broad, without any

large prominence beneath, but with a short blunt spur

about the middle of the outer side. Apex of tibia with a

bifid spur, having at its base, partially concealing it, a

cluster of bristles. Palpal organs without any sinuous

_ at their apex. . . . oe » . . . scopulata, sp. n.

II. Coxe i., i1., i1., and the trochanter of the palpus set with nume-

rous shot, stout, black spines. Tibial spur divided into three

branches, forming a broad concave apophysis viewed from above. ¢rifida, sp. n.

Nore.—The females are too few in number to tabulate, and can be best recognized by the form of the vulva.

1. Anyphena larvata.

Anyphena larvata, QO. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 199, t. 26. figg. 3,

3 a-c(¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ?).

2. Anyphena proba. (Tab. VII. figg. 3, 3a, ¢.)

Anyphena proba, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 200, t. 26. figg. 5,

5a-e(¢)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith 1).

96 ARANEIDEA.

3. Anyphena gibba, (Tab. VII. figg. 4, 4.a-c, ¢; 5, 2.)

Anyphena gibba, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 201, t. 26. figg. 7,

7 a-e()’.

Anyphena gibbosa, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 202, t. 25. figg. 10, 10 @ (2) (nec ¢)”.

Type, ¢, A. gibba, and @, A. gibbosa, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5-6°8, 2 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme! and Amula? in Guerrero 6000 to 8000 feet (H. #.

Smith).

4, Anyphena gibbosa. (Tab. VII. figg. 6, ¢; 7, 2.)

Anyphena gibbosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 202, t. 20. figg.

9 a-e (od) (nec 2)”.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith ').

io)

5. Anyphena subgibba. (Tab. VII. fig. 8, 3.)

Anyphena subgibba, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 202, t. 25. figg. 8,

8a-e(d)’.

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:25 millim.

Hab. GuatTEMALA, between Petet and Chicoyoito (Sarg +).

6. Anyphena judicata. (Tab. VII. fig. 9, 3.)

Anyphena judicata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 203, t. 26. figg. 4,

4ae(d)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°25 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith ').

7. Anyphena excepta. (Tab. VII. fig. 10, ¢.)

Anyphena eacepta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 203, t. 25. figg.

7a-c(?)'.

Type, Q, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Coban (Sarg ').

g. Anyphena simplex. (Tab. VII. figg. 11, lla, 2, ¢; 12, 2.)

Anyphena simplex, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 124, 203, t. 18. figg. 2,

2a-d(3),8,3a(?)’.

Anyphena clubionoides, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 184, t. 23. figg. 1, la-d (3), 2, 2a (2)?

Type d, cotype 9, A. simplex, and, 5 2, A. clubsonoides, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith } 2),

ANYPHAENA, 97

9. Anyphena stylifer, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 13, 13a, ¢.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6-5 millim.

3. General characters similar to those of others of the genus. The tibia of the palpus bears at its base on

the outer upperside a broad curved apophysis, its apex slightly dilate, directed forwards. The apex

of the segment bears also on the outer side another shorter, sharper, dark-coloured process, its apex sharp

and directed forwards over the base of the tarsus. The segment is slightly concave on the outer side

between the two processes. The palpal organs consist of two semidiaphanous lobes; from the underside

of the posterior one there springs from the base a long process, stout and strongly curved at the base,

having a small curved lamina of chitin on the inner side and a triangular lamina with finely serrate edge

on the outer side, gradually attenuate and terminating at its apex in a long filiform spine, its point almost

reaching the apex of the tarsus; the same lobe bears also on the outer side towards the apex a short,

sinuous stylum, hooked at the tip. The trochanter of the palpus is not spinose. The coxe of the legs

bear no spines, tubercles, nor processes of any kind. Upper margin of the fang-groove with four, lower

margin with three small teeth.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

A single adult male only of this very distinct species was taken. ‘The structure of

the palpi and their organs furnishes the best distinctive characters.

10. Anyphena trifida, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 14, 144, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°5 millim.

3. Coxe of the first three pairs of legs, as well as the trochanter of the palpus, set with numerous short,

black stout spines. Coxa iii, decidedly gibbous towards the apex beneath, but not produced to form a

definite conical prominence, the spines longer than those on coxee 1. and ii.

The tibia of the palpus is produced towards the base beneath into a conical process; at its apex, on the outer

side, it bears a large process divided into three branches, the posterior one curved forwards and slightly

hooked at its apex: the superior of the two anterior branches is the shorter, and consists of a simple,

straight, chitinous lamina; the inferior is longer, broader, curving downwards, and takes the form of a

concave, bilobate plate at its apex.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

11. Anyphena plana, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 15, 154, 8, ¢.)

Type, gd, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

3. Coxe of the third pair of legs alone protuberant and only very slightly clothed with hairs, as also are

those of the fourth pair. Tibia of palpus with a strong conical protuberance at its base beneath, bearing

on its outer side at the apex a broad, sinuously curving, cylindrical apophysis, with a sharp triangular

spur at its base on the upperside, the upper edge of the spur being itself serrate. Between this spur and

the apex of the apophysis on its upper margin are four minute serrations; the apex itself is slightly

bilobate and cylindrical. The palpal organs differ also considerably from those of A. gibba, though in

these two species they show a great general resemblance; the apical apophysis is not bifid, but bears a

triangular spur on the outer side at about the middle.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

12. Anyphena tuberosa, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 16, 164, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

3. The coxe of the first pair of legs have no protuberances; those of the second pair have a strong

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., February 1900. of

98 ARANEIDEA.

protuberance at the anterior apical angle; those of the third pair a small protuberance at the anterior

apical angle, with a long slender chitinous process rising just behind it; those of the fourth pair have a

small protuberance about the middle towards the base.

The tibia of the palpus bears a small projection on the underside near its base, and a broad trifid apophysis

inclining towards the outer side of the segment at its apex. The lower branch of this apophysis is broad,

concave, and rounded at its apex; the central and upper branches narrower and acutely pointed. ‘I'he

palpal organs consist of two lobes, the basal one being produced at its apex into a stout strongly curved

spur, with a small projection on the inner side near the apex. The other lobe occupies a position within

the curve of the above-mentioned spur and bears two long, curved, spiniform appendages directed towards

the base of the apical spurs.

Hab. Guatemata (Sargq).

13. Anyphena scopulata, sp.n. (Tab. VI. figg. 17, 17 4, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

The colours have faded from the single specimen found in our collection.

Coxe of all four pairs of legs plane, having no processes or conical tubercles. Tibia of the palpus three times

longer than broad, having, in the middle of the outer side beneath, a very short blunt spur, and at its

apex a large bifid spur, the outer branch larger, sharp, curving upwards and slightly inwards. At the

base of this spur springs a thick tuft of stiff bristles curving upwards and forwards. The palpal organs

have not the usual sinuous spine at their apex.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

14. Anyphena oblonga.

Anyphena oblonga, Keys. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii, p. 605, fig. 24 (1878) °.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz}.

I have not seen a specimen of this or the following species.

15. Anyphena simoni.

Anyphena simoni, Becker, Anu. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1878, p. 79, t. 2. fig. 7°.

Hab. Mexico}.

AYSHA.

Aysha, Keyserling, Bras. Spinn. p. 129 (1891).

Type A. prospera, Keys. Rio Grande, 8. America.

This genus resembles Anyphena, but differs in having the spiracular rima nearer to

the genital rima, and the maxille much longer, emarginate on the outer sides, and dilate

at their apex. ‘The posterior row of eyes is straight, or almost so, and the first pair of

legs are longer than the fourth. The lower margin of the fang-groove bears five or six

small teeth.

Males.

A. Tibia of palpus four times longer than broad. Tibial spur narrow,

sinuous, not more than half the length of the tibia, its apex directed

AYSHA. 99

downwards, and abruptly curved at its extreme end. Tarsus more

slender, not gibbous above. Size larger, length 9 milim. . . . . simplex, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibia of palpus scarcely more than twice as long as broad. Tibial

spur broad, sinuous, as long as the tibia itself, its apex directed down-

wards and outwards. Tarsus broad and stout, gibbous above. Size

smaller, length 6 millim. . 2. 2. . 1. . we ee ee ee ee minuta, sp. n.

Females.

A. Vulva consisting of an oval cavity with a minute orifice at the anterior portion.

a. Size larger, length 12°5 millim. The two posterior oviducts lying in contact . simplez.

b. Size smaller, length 7 millim. The two posterior oviducts separate, with an

interspace. . 6 ee ee ee ee ee minut.

B. Vulva consisting of a cavity whose anterior portion is covered by a semicircular

valve-like chitinous plate. 6. 6-1 ee ew ew ee eee eee (vaalvula, sp. nr.

1. Aysha simplex.

Aysha simplex, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 227, t. 29. figg. 4, 4a-f(¢),

5,5a(@)'.

Type ¢, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, @ 125 millim.

Hab. Panama, Veraguas (Boucard ').

2. Aysha minuta, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 18, ¢; 19,2.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin: Total length, ¢ 6, Q 7 millim.

3 9. Entirely dull yellow-white. General structure as in other members of the genus.

3. Palpus: tibia, including the spur, longer than the tarsus; tibial spur, upper branch, long, sinuous, stout,

curving downwards and outwards at the apex. Near the base of the upper spur there is a smaller spur

on the outer side of the segment. The bulb is short and broad, terminating at its apex in a long spiraloid

spine. The tarsus is short and gibbous in the dorsal region.

Q. Vulva very simple, consisting of an oval space enclosed within a dark brown chitinous margin, open in

front and behind. In the anterior middle of the area is a minute orifice.

Hab, GuateMaLa (Sarq).

The form of the vulva of this species is exceedingly similar to that of A. simplea,

but the larger size of the latter will be noticeable.

3. Aysha valvula, sp. n. (Tab. VII. fig. 20, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6-5 millim.

Colour entirely dull yellow-white. Structure as in others of the genus, Vulva with a broad semicircular

valve-like chitinous plate at its anterior margin, open behind, covering a small cavity.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

je)

100 ARANEIDEA.

ARACHOSIA.

Arachosia, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 425.

Type A. anyphenoides, O. P.-Cambr. Amazons.

The posterior legs in this genus are longer than the anterior ; the posterior row of eyes is strongly procurved :

the lower margin of the fang-groove has only two teeth; and the spiracular rima is situated at or Just

behind the middle of the ventral area.

1. Arachosia puta.

Arachosia puta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 100, t. 13. figg. 10, 10 a—c (2) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11-25 millim.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion ').

TEUDIS.

Teudis, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 198 (Oct. 1896).

Isigonia, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 507.

Delozeugma, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 182 (ad partem).

Memnon, O. P.-Cambridge, loc. cit. p. 283 (Dec. 1898).

Type of Teudis, 7. gentilis, O. P.-Cambr., Guatemala; of Isigonia, I. limbata, EK. Sim., Para; of Memnon,

M. peragrans, O. P.-Cambr., Guatemala.

Carapace more convex, and in the female broad in front. Posterior row of eyes straight or slightly recurved

or procurved, subequal, equidistant, nearly one and a half diameters apart ; anterior row straight, centrals

much smaller, closer, half a diameter apart, a full diameter from the laterals. (In the male sex the eyes

are more closely grouped and the mandibles very much developed.) Maxille nearly three times longer

than broad, enlarged at the apex. Protarsi i. and ii. with one pair of long spines at the base beneath ;

tibiee i. and ii. with three pairs, one being apical. (In the male there is often a single additional protarsal

spine towards the apex.) Lower margin of the fang-groove of female with 4-5 small stout teeth, the

three anterior ones larger ; upper margin with 4 teeth. Lower margin of the mandible of the male with

3 or more small teeth, upper margin with 3 or 4. Sternum produced into a short conical point behind.

Spiracular rima situated usually in front of the middle, at from one-fourth of the distance between the

genital rima and the base of the spinners to very near the middle.

To the genera Teudis and Sillus belong the greater part of the species from Brazil

referred by Keyserling to Anyphena. I have not seen the type of Isigonia, but a

specimen of Memnon peragrans, O. P.-Cambr., from the Lower Amazons, agrees with

Simon’s characterization of that genus. This author is, however, quite wrong in

referring Pelayo, O. P.-Cambr., to Isigonia (Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 207), since

the spiracular rima in the latter is situated close to the spinners,

Males.

A. Tibia of palpus with a basal spur in addition to the apical one.

a. Basal spur long and bifid at the apex, not studded with cuspules . peragrans, O. P.-Cambr:

6. Basal spur shorter, divided into two branches, the outermost of

which is studded with cuspules . . . . 2. 1s 6 © © © gentilis, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibia of palpus with an apical spur only. . . . 2 + e « » mordax, O. P.-Cambr.

TEUDIS. 101

Females.

A. Carapace with a dorsal latero-median brown band on each side.

Abdomen with a broad, brown, mottled band over the whole dorsal

area, from anterior margin to spinners. Ventral area with a broad

central longitudinal brown band involving the labium, centre of

sternum, and abdomen. Posterior margin of vulva deeply cleft in

the centre . 2. 1 1 ee ew ew we ww ww tw ww peragrans.

B. Body and legs almost unicolorous orange-yellow.

a. Vulva larger and more conspicuous, the pair of spermathece not

apparent. (See Tab. VII. fig. 23.) . 2. . 2. . 1...) .).) oruber, sp. n.

6. Vulva less conspicuous, smaller, with a pair of piriform spermathecze

distinctly marked at the anterior portion of the vulva. (See

Tab. VII. fig. 24.) . 2 6 1 we ew we wee ww we OSEUS, SP. DL

1. Teudis peragrans. (Tab. VII. figg. 21, 21,3; 22,9.)

Memnon peragrans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 288, t. 82. figg. 6,

6a-e (2)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

3. Total length 8 millim., exclusive of mandibles. Colour similar to that of the female. Mandibles very

long, with a single minute tooth and a short black carina about halfway along the inner margin of the

base of the mandible. The fang-groove is absent and there are no other teeth.

Palpus: tibia scarcely longer than the patella, with two apophyses on the outer side: the lower one springing

from near the base is directed upwards and outwards, and is bifid at its apex, the inner branch being

longest; the upper apophysis is short, black, strongly uncate and sharp-pointed. Tarsus very broad,

rather gibbous above. Bulb with an immense curved spine running from the outer side encircling the

organs, and terminating in a fine point with the apex of the sheath. At the apex of the bulb there is an _

elongate pale chitinous lamella directed forwards, and adjacent to it a short sharp black spur.

Q. The vulva appears as two small flat chitinous lobes.

Hab. Guatemata! (Sarg: 3 2 ).—LowER Amazons, Santarem (F. 0. P.-C.).

The adult male is here described for the first time.

2. Teudis gentilis.

Teudis gentilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 199, t. 25. figg. 6, 6a-f(3)*.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA, Coban (Sarg 1).

3. Teudis mordax.

Delozeugma mordax, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 182, t. 22. figg. 11,

lla-i(¢)’

Teudis mordax, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 199’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

102 ARANEIDEA.

4. Teudis ruber, sp. n. (Tab. VII. fig. 23, ¢ .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8-5 millim.

Colour entirely orange-yellow, abdomen paler (the tints have probably faded).

Posterior row of eyes straight ; eyes subequal, almost equidistant, one diameter apart. Anterior row straight ;

centrals very small, less than half a diameter apart, the same distance from the laterals. Inferior margin

of the fang-groove with four stout teeth. Tibia i. and ii, with 2—2—2 spines beneath, one pair apical,

and three lateral spines on each side. Protarsi i. and ii. with one pair of long spines at the base and one

lateral basal spine. Tarsi and protarsi i. and.ii. thickly clothed with scopuliform hairs. Patelle i. and ii.

with two bristles. For a figure of the vulva, see Tab. VII. fig. 23.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

5. Teudis roseus, sp.n. (Tab. VII. fig. 24, 2.)

Type, ?, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10-11 millim.

Colour entirely pale orange-yellow, abdomen palef, mandibles darker (the tints have probably faded).

Posterior row of eyes almost straight ; eyes subequal, almost equidistant (centrals further apart), one diameter

apart, Anterior row straight ; centrals much smaller, one-half a diameter apart, one diameter from the

laterals. Mandibles 5-6 stout teeth on the inferior margin of the fang-groove. Spinulation of the legs

asin 7. ruber. For a figure of the vulva, see Tab. VII. fig. 24.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

SILLUS, gen. nov.

Type, 9, Sillus putus (O. P.-Cambr.). Costa Rica.

Very similar in general structure to Teudis, but the carapace is more compressed, especially in front, while the

caput is narrower and the eyes more closely grouped. ‘The protarsi i. and ii. have two pairs of spines

beneath, the tibiew also two pairs; no apical pair. It differs from Anyphena in the very much smaller

central anterior eyes. The upper margin of the fang-groove bears 4 stout teeth, the lower 13 or 14 very

minute ones ( @ ).

It is quite possible that several genera belonging to this group which are here held

separate will eventually fall together.

Males.

A. Mandibles gibbous at the base beneath, furnished with two stout

teeth in the middle of the basal segment beneath. Tibia of palpus

nearly twice as long as the patella, distinctly longer than the tarsus,

narrowed towards its base. Spine at the apex of the bulb short,

stout, curved, but not simuous . . . . . 2. ee 6 ee. attigpuus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Mandibles not gibbous at the base beneath, nor furnished with teeth

in the middle. Tibia of palpus only one and a half times, or less,

longer than the patella, shorter than the tarsus.

a. Tibial spur stouter, concave, bifid or with a sharp curved spine.

Spine at the apex of the bulb straight or slightly sinuous.

1. Tibial spur bifid at the apex, concave beneath. Tibia one-third

longer than the patella. ‘Terminal spine terminating in a long

straight point, directed forwards. . . . . ~ + « « « longispina, sp. n.

SILLUS. 103

2. Tibial spur very much broader, with a sharp small hook on the

upper margin. Tibia about one-fourth longer than the patella.

Terminal spine sinuous, directed forwards, but more or less

across the palpal organs. . . soe ee we ew ew CUrvispina, sp. n.

6. Tibial spur short, slender, sharp- pointed. Terminal spine making

a circular sweep round the apex of the bulb and then directed

sinuously forwards . . . 6. 1. 1 ee ee ew ew eee) placens, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

The two species recorded of which the females are known can be best separated by comparing the

figures of the vulva.

1. Sillus putus,

Anyphena puta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 200, t. 26. figg. 2,

2a-c(¢?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13-145 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg ').

9, Sillus attiguus. (Tab. VII. figg. 27, 27a, 3.)

Clubiona attigua, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 169, t. 21. figg. 1,

la-e(3d)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

$. Colour as in S. curvispina. Structure also similar, except in the palpus and mandibles.

Palpus : tibia nearly twice as long as the patella, distinctly longer than the tarsus, narrowed towards its base

Tibial apophysis directed outwards and downwards, coneave beneath, terminating in a minute curved

point, but not a sharp spine (see figures). Mandibles enlarged, gibbous at the base beneath, bearing three

small teeth on the lower margin of the fang-groove, and three (one single, one double tooth) on the anterior

margin of the basal protuberance. The spine at the apex of the bulb is short, stout, strongly curved, but

not sinuous.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith +); Guaremata (Sarg).

8. Sillus lunula, sp. n. (Tab. VII. fig. 25, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Q. Colour very similar to that usual amongst Anyphenine forms. Legs, carapace, mandibles, and sternum.

pale orange-yellow. The carapace bears two brown bands on each side of the central line. The abdomen

is dull yellow-white, with a brown speckled dorsal band, resolving itself into the usual series of oblique

accent-like spots from the centre to the spiuners. The tibie and protarsi of legs iii. and iv. are annulated

with dark brown at the apex. |

Posterior row of eyes straight, subequal ; centrals slightly further apart, less than a diameter from each other,

less than half from the laterals. Anterior row straight, centrals much smaller. Eyes equidistant,

almost in contact. Maxille more or less purallel-sided, scarcely more than twice longer than broad.

Tibix i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath, no apical pair ; 3 lateral spines and 2 dorsal. Protarsi i. and il.

with 2—2 spines beneath and 3 lateral spines. Patelle i., ii, iii., iv. with a single slender apical and

basal bristle. Scopula beneath protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. very slight.

104 ARANEIDEA.

The vulva consists of a pair of stout chitinous spurs, connected in the form of a half-moon, at the anterior

margin of the epigynal area, their points directed backwards.

Hab. GuateMata (Sarg).

4. Sillus curvispina, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 26, 26a-c, 3.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

3. Colour entirely pale orange-yellow, mandibles and anterior margin of carapace darker, abdomen paler.

Posterior row of eyes straight. Eyes equal, equidistant, almost one diameter apart. Anterior row

straight ; centrals much smaller, almost in contact, half a diameter from the laterals. Tibiee i. and ii.

with 2—2 spines beneath, besides lateral spines ; protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath, besides lateral

spines. Mandibles enlarged, not gibbous at the base beneath ; lower margin of fang-groove with three or

four teeth and a slight rugulosity on the outer side, upper margin with three stout teeth, far removed

from the base of the mandible.

Palpus: tibia one-third longer than the patella, distinctly shorter than the tarsus. Tibial apophysis broad,

concave in front, with a minute, curved, sharp spine directed forwards. The spine at the apex of the

organs is more decidedly sinuous than in the species S. attiguus and S. longispina.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

5. Sillus longispina, sp. n. (Tab. VII. fig. 28, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Colour as in S. curvispina. Structure similar, except in the palpus and mandibles.

Palpus: tibia one-third longer than the patella, shorter than the tarsus. The tibial apophysis is concave

beneath and bilobate on the outer side; the spine at the apex of the bulb is long and straight, not

curved or sinuous, directed obliquely across the apex of the tarsus beneath. Mandibles enlarged, not

gibbous at the base beneath. Lower margin of fang-groove with five small tecth, upper with four larger

ones.

Hab. GuatTeMALa (Sarg).

6. Sillus placens.

Clubiona placens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. 1. p. 195 (¢)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Panama (Sarg ').

WULFILA.

Wulfila, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 158 (1895).

Type W. pallidus, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

In this genus the central anterior eyes are much smaller than the laterals, and the

spiracular rima is situated approximately in the middle of the ventral area, or slightly

before it. It differs from Teudis and Stllus in its much more slender legs, and in the

presence of three pairs of spines beneath the anterior protarsi; and from Cragus and

Macrophyes in the fact that the spines on the legs of the latter are longer, more numer-

ous, and not in pairs; otherwise Wu/fila is very closely allied to these last-mentioned

genera. The chitinous covering of the lung-sacs is strongly developed, protuberant.

The characters of the females of this genus do not admit of tabulation, specimens of

this sex being separable only by the form of the vulva.

WULFILA.—CRAGUS. 105

1. Wulfila pallidus.

Wulfila pallidus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 159, t. 19. figg. 11

lla-d(¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 4:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

’

2. Wulfila proximus.

Wulfila proximus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran..i. p. 150, t. 19. figg. 18,

18 a-b(¢)".

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

3. Wulfila diversus.

Wulfila diversus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 159, t. 19. figg. 10,

10 a-c (¢?)’.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°65 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

4. Wulfila spatulatus, sp.n. (Tab. VIT. figg. 29, 29 a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Colour entirely dull yellow-white. Structure similar to that of other members of the genus.

Palpus: tibia at least three times as long as broad, with a stout, broad apophysis, as long as the segment

itself, issuing from the base on the outer side; its apex is broad, concave, lamelliform, triangular.

Tarsus and bulb very large, gibbous at the base above.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

It is quite possible that this is the male of W. diversus, but, the locality not being

the same, it is equally possible that it belongs to a different species.

CRAGUS.

Cragus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 215 (1896).

Type C. pallidus, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

This genus differs from the other Anyphenine, except Macrophyes, in having the

tibie and protarsi furnished with numerous very long and slender spines. The

maxille are short and parallel-sided, while the legs are long and slender. There is

no very great difference between Cragus and Macrophyes, except in the number of

spines beneath the protarsi i. and ii. and the smaller size of the terminal segment of the

posterior pair of spinners. Anterior central eyes very small.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., March 1900. rt

106 ARANEIDEA.

The males of the two species can be recognized by the following distinctive

characters :—

A. Apex of tibial spur bifid. Coxe iii. and iv. each with a pair of very :

small tubercles, one on each side of the segment. . . . . + ~- pallidus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Apex of tibial spur obtusely pointed, not bifid. Coxa iv. without

tubercles. Coxe ii. and ili. each with a pair of long curved spurs,

their points cuspulate and directed towards each other in the form

ofaforceps. . 2 2 ew ee ee ew ee we ee & tnornatus, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Cragus pallidus.

Cragus pallidus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 215, t. 26. figg. 10,

10 af (3) *

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 45 millim.

Hab. GuateMaua, Santa Ana (Sarg ').

2. Cragus inornatus. (Tab. VII. figg. 30, 3; 31, 2.)

Cragus inornatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 240, t. 33. figg. 9,

9a-f (3).

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith *).

MACROPHYES.

Macrophyes, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 106 (1893); E. Simon,,

Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, 11. p. 87.

Type M. attenuata, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

Differs from all other genera of the subfamily, except Cragus, by the long slender

legs and the numerous long slender spines attached to them. The anterior central

eyes are exceedingly minute. The spiracular rima is situated in the middle of the

ventral area,

This genus is based upon a single adult male.

1. Macrophyes attenuata. (Tab. VII. figg. 32, 32 a-/, ¢.)

Macrophyes attenuata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 106, t. 14. figg. 8,

8a-d(g)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

GAYENNA.—PELAYO. 107

GAYENNA.

Gayenna, Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. fis. y polit. de Chile, Zool. iii. p. 450 (1849).

Type G. americana, Nicolet. Chili. |

I do not know this genus; but according to M. Simon the spiracular rima is situated

towards the spinners, and the anterior row of eyes is straight. ‘Two species from

Mexico have been referred to it by Mr. N. Banks.

1. Gayenna orizaba.

Gayenna orizaba, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 223, t. 18. fig. 37°.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Banks ').

2. Gayenna minuta.

Gayenna minuta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 224, t. 18. fig. 32°.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Banks ').

PELAYO.

Pelayo, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 194 (1896).

ype P. letus, O. P.-Cambr. Costa Rica.

Differs from Gayenna (see Simon’s characterization of this genus) in the recurved

posterior row of eyes.

1. Pelayo letus.

Pelayo letus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 194, t. 24. figg. 7, 7a-f'(3)’:

Type, dg, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°25 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg ').

Fam. CTENIDE.

Eyes eight, situated in three or four transverse rows of 2,4,2 or 2,2,2,2 or 4,2,2. Other characters

similar to those of the Clubionide. Legs normal.

The Ctenide are represented in Central America and other tropical regions by

numerous genera and a very large number of species, all of which are characterized by an

eye-formula quite peculiar to them amongst two-clawed forms, though it crops up again

amongst the two-clawed cribellate and amongst the three-clawed forms. Except with

respect to their eye-formula, they are simply Clubionids. The species included in

the family under the generic name Ctenus embrace a large number of forms varying

considerably in size and coloration. The giants of tropical America and Africa measure

as much as three inches in expanse of leg, while numbers of comparatively minute forms

are found in both the western and eastern tropical regions. There seem to be no

pt 2

108 ARANEIDEA.

particular groups of forms differing in shape, colour, and structure, assignable to any

well-defined continents or regions.

The species apparently peculiar to the East—Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, &c.,

since the giant forms are absent in these regions—are represented by closely allied

forms both in South Africa and in tropical America.

They inhabit the tract of country which lies within latitude 40° north and south

of the Equator, though doubtless, under favourable conditions, species stray further,

both north and south. In their habits they are apparently vagrant, wandering

about over the foliage in the forest at night, somewhat as do the European Clubionids.

The males seem to be met with less frequently than the females, and the egg-sac is

attached to the underside of a stone or piece of bark and not carried about as in

Lycoctenus and Cupiennius. No web is constructed, so far as I am aware, though

possibly leaves may sometimes be woven together to form a retreat.

Representatives of only two genera have hitherto occurred in Central America,

which may be recognized as follows :—

GENERA.

i. Central posterior and lateral posterior eyes subequal. Central anteriors

equal to, subequal, or only slightly smaller than central posteriors :

not less than one-half. Lateral anteriors larger, their anterior

margin forming with the anterior margin of the central posteriors

a straight or procurving line. Scopula present. Lower margin of

fang-groove with five unequal teeth . . . . . . . . . . . Crenus, Walck.

ii. Central posterior eyes distinctly larger than the lateral posteriors.

Central anteriors very much smaller than the central posteriors :

one-third only. Lateral anteriors very minute, oblique; their

anterior margin forming with the anterior margin of the central

posteriors a recurved line. Scopula absent. Lower margin of

fang-groove with five equal teeth. 2. . 2. 2. . 1.) .)06CLmrycuevus, E. Simon.

CTENUS.

Ctenus, Walckenaer, Tabl. des Aran. p. 18 (1805).

Type C. dubius, Walck. Cayenne.

The Central-American species of this genus known to me may be recognized as

follows, but they are so closely allied and their characters so involved that it is

difficult to furnish any thoroughly satisfactory tables :—

Males.

A. Carapace distinctly raised and gibbous at the base above, slightly

bilobate. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp without pad of soft hair on the

inner side. (These characters fix the position of the Central-American

species of Ctenus amongst those of the Neotropical region generally.)

CTENUS. 109

i. Protarsus iv. straight, not curved or sinuous.

a. Ocular quadrangle broader than long, much narrower in front ;

anterior central eyes much smaller than the posterior central.

Length of carapace equal to, or slightly longer than, patella and

tibia iii. (Abdomen with a pale, longitudinal, central area above.)

1. Second row of eyes straight by the anterior margins. Size

much larger. ‘Tibial spur of palpus concave beneath, very

stout, and bifid at its apex, with another short sharp spur near

its base in front. . . . . tose ew ew ew we) 6Calearatus, sp. 2.

. Second row of eyes procurved by the anterior margins. Size

much smaller. Tibial spur of palpus not concave beneath,

comparatively slender, simple and hooked at its apex, without

a second spur near its base in front . .- . . . . . . . ensiger, Sp. 0.

6. Ocular quadrangle longer than broad, slightly narrower in front.

Anterior central eyes slightly smaller than the posterior central.

Length of carapace less than that of patella and tibia in.

(Abdomen with a longitudinal dorsal dentated band.)

1. Tibial apophysis of palpus very broad and truncate at apex,

without spurs. Central lobe of palpal organs short, very broad,

transverse, broader than long. Stylum shorter, uniformly

curved, bluntly pointed, not filiform at the apex . . . . tncolans, sp. n.

. Tibial apophysis less broad and more pointed at the apex, with

two distinct spurs springing from it, the smaller near the apex

above, the other towards the base above. Central lobe of

palpus very long, much longer than broad, four or five times

its breadth, sinuous, dilate at the apex. Stylum long, sinuous,

filiform at the apex. . . . . . » oe oe . ss) 6Sptralis, sp. n.

ii. Protarsus iv. strongly curved, sinuous in the second half. . . . . sinuatipes, F. Cambr.

Females.

A. Ocular quadrangle not or scarcely narrower in front, slightly longer

than broad.

a*, Ocular quadrangle slightly narrower in front; anterior central eyes

distinctly smaller than the posterior central.

i. Carapace equal in length to that of patella and tibia ili. together.

Patella and tibia i. equal to patella and tibia iv.

* See figure of vulva . . 2 + . sinuatipes.

*%* See figure of vulva. . . . oe . ee ee we CONVELUS, SP. D.

i. Carapace longer than patella and tibia lil. “Pat. + tib. i. longer

than pat. + tib. iv.

a. Carapace equal to protarsusiv. . . . - . . . . « » » Supinus, sp. 0.

6. Carapace shorter than. protarsus iv.

1. Vulva with two dark chitinous pieces on each side, and behind

these on each side a stout curved dentiform process . . . alienus, sp. n.

110 ARANEIDEA.

2. Vulva without chitinous side-pieces, dentiform processes very

small,

aa. Vulva very broad, produced on each side into a rounded

lobe. Size much larger: length 23mm... . . . . dilobatus, sp. n.

66. Vulva narrower, not nearly so much produced laterally.

Size much smaller: length 18mm... . . . . . « wcolans.

6*, Ocular quadrangle not narrower in front (if anything, slightly wider) ;

anterior central eyes equal to the posterior central . . . . . « peregrinus, sp. n.

B. Ocular quadrangle very much narrower in front, broader than long.

Anterior central eyes less than half the diameter of the posterior central.

a. See figure of vulva... ee i ee ) CC MANee, BP. BD,

}. See figure of vulva. qe et te i i ee ee aw, ORBIT,

c. See figmreofwulva . . 0.0. 6 we ek oe en Oye, Ti, Sim,

1. Ctenus supinus, sp.n. (Tab. VII. fig. 33, ¢.)

Type, 2, incoll. Godman & Salvin.

©. Total length 17 millim. Carap.8x6. Legs: i. 26; ii. 24; ili, 22; iv. 29°5. Pat.+tib. 1. 8°5; ii. 8;

ili, 65; iv. 9. Prot.i.5; ii. 4:5; ii. 4:5; iv. 8.

. Carapace, mandibles, and legs deep mahogany-brown, clothed with grey pubescence. Legs freckled with

spots of grey pubescence. Abdomen deep olive-brown or black, unicolorous above and below. (It is

very likely that in some specimens there is a central pale dorsal band.)

Carapace almost level above, in profile. Second row of eyes procurved, as in C. incolans. Ocular quadrangle

slightly longer than broad, narrower in front; anterior eyes smaller, both pairs over half a diameter apart.

Clypeus equal to one diameter of an anterior central eye.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

2. Ctenus peregrinus, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 34, 34a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

2. Total length 25 millim. Carap.11x810. Legs: 1.45; ii. 43; ii. 38; iv. 50. Pat. + tib.i.16;

ii, 14°75; iii. 12°25; iv. 15. Prot.i.10; 11.9; ii. 9; iv. 14. |

Q@. Carapace and legs dark mahogany-brown, clothed with very fine pubesceuce and dark grey short hairs.

Legs beneath and sternum paler brown. Abdomen deep dusky black, with a central dorsal, longitudinal,

deeply dentated band extending from the base to the spinners, consisting of seven more or less triangular

orange-yellow blotches. Underside paler, unicolorous.

Carapace straight above, in profile. Second row of eyes procurved, anterior margins of centrals aligned with

posterior margins of laterals. Ocular quadrangle slightly longer than broad, uot narrower in front

(if anything, slightly wider); eyes subequal. Clypeus equal to almost one and a half diameters of an

anterior central eye.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).

3. Ctenus bilobatus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 8, 8a, 2.)

Type, 2, in Brit. Mus.

Q. Total length 23 millim. Carap.10°5x.8. Legs: i. 39°5; ii. 87; iii, 833; iv. 42:5. Pat.+tib. i. 13°75 ;

ii, 12°5; ii. 10; iv. 12°5. Prot. i. 8; ii. 7-53 iii. 7; iv. 11. ;

Q. Carapace and legs mahogany-brown, clothed with grey pubescence. Carapace bearing a broad central band

of yellow-grey pubescence and another marginal band of the same hue. Abdomen brown, with a broad

CTENUS. lil

central dorsal dentated band of yellowish pubescence. Ventral surface with four lines of spots of white —

pubescence,

Carapace almost level, in profile, above, very slightly gibbous behind. Second row of eyes procurved; posterior

margins of laterals not aligned with the anterior margins of centrals, but. falling behind them. Ocular

quadrangle longer than broad, narrower in front; anterior eyes distinctly smaller than posterior,

both pairs over half a diameter apart. Clypeus equal to one and a quarter diameters of an anterior

central eye.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.).

4. Ctenus incolans, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 35, 35a, ¢; 36, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Q@. Totallength 18 millim. Carap.8x6. Legs: 1.2775; ii. 26; iii. 24; iv. 23. Pat.+tib. 1.10; iii. 75 ;

iv. 10. Prot. i. 5°53; iii. 5; iv. 8°5.

Q. Carapace and legs mahogany-brown, clothed with grey pubescence, more noticeable on the dorsal area of

the protarsi of the legs. Abdomen dull olive-brown, with a short basal central longitudinal pale band.

Underside with two longitudinal pale lines. (The colours are, however, too much faded to admit of

description.)

Carapace almost level above, in profile. Second row of eyes procurved; posterior margins of laterals falling just

behind the anterior margin of centrals. Ocular quadrangle slightly longer than broad, slightly narrower

in front ; anterior eyes slightly smaller, both pairs over half a diameter apart. Clypeus equal to one. and

a quarter diameters of an anterior central eye.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

5. Ctenus alienus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 2, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

@. Total length 25 millim. Carap.10°5x8. Legs: i. 37; ii. 34; iii. 31; iv.40. Pat.+tib. 1.18; 11.12;

iii. 10; iv. 12°5. Prot. i. 7°53; ii. 7°53; iii, 7; iv. 11.

Q@. Carapace and legs dark mahogany-brown, clothed with grey pubescence; mandibles black. Abdomen pale

olive-brown, with a pale triangular basal dorsal blotch and four pairs of dark rounded blotches extending

to the spinners. Ventral surface pale brown, with a central broad dark band margined with a broken

white line on each side and a pair of indistinct central lines.

Carapace almost level above, in profile, slightly raised behind. Second row of eyes , procurved ; posterior margins

of laterals not aligned with the anterior margins of centrals, but falling behind them. Ocular quadrangle

longer than broad, narrower in front; anterior eyes distinctly smaller, both pairs about half a diameter

apart. Clypeus equal to about one and a half diameters of an anterior central eye.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarq).

6. Ctenus excavatus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 3, 3a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

©. Total length 85 millim. Carap. 75x55. Legs: i. 2H; ii, 24; iii, 22; iv. 28. Pat.+tib. 1.9;

ii. 8; iii. 65; iv. 9. Prot. i. 5; iv. 7:5.

g. Carapace and legs mahogany _brown, the former with a broad central bar and a marginal band of yellow-

grey pubescence, the latter mottled with grey pubescence. (Abdomen too much discoloured to furnish

any character.) .

Carapace horizontal above. Second row of eyes straight (recurved in appearance), the posterior margins of the

laterals aligned with the centres of the centrals. Ocular quadrangle broader than long, narrower in front ;

anterior central eyes less than one-half the’ posterior central, both pairs Leing over half a diameter from ;

4112 ARANEIDEA.

each other ; posterior centrals larger than posterior laterals. Clypeus over one diameter of an anterior

central eye. Lower margin of fang-groove with three large and two small teeth.

Vulva formed on the same plan as in C. fungifer &c. from the Eastern Archipelago. It consists of a broad

transverse semilunar convexity, its concave side directed forward, having a stout tooth on each side

posteriorly.

Hab. Mexico, Soledad in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Two adult females were taken by Mr. H. H. Smith at Soledad. C. excavatus is

allied to C. bilobatus, having the irregular white lines beneath the abdomen, though

probably without any dentate band on the dorsal area; but the straightness of the

anterior row of eyes of the former will serve to separate the two, that of C. bilobatus

being procurved.

7. Ctenus spiralis, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 4, 44, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

¢. Total length 16 millim. Carap. 9x7. Pat.4tib.i. 14; iii, 10°55; iv. 14. Prot. i. 9°25; ini. 7; iv. 12.

g. Carapace and legs mahogany-brown, probably clothed with grey pubescence; abdomen dark olive-brown,

paler beneath. (The colour and pattern of the specimen are not well preserved, the pubescence having

been to a very great extent rnbbed off.)

Carapace slightly raised behind and bilobate. Tibial apophysis of palpus obtuse, with two distinct spurs

springing from it, the smaller near the apex, the other towards the base above. Central lobe of palpus

very long, much longer than broad, four or five times its breadth.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

8. Ctenus sinuatipes. (Tab. VIII. figg. 5, 5a-d, 3; 6, 64a, 2.)

Ctenus sinuatipes, F. P.-Cambr. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 84, t. 3. figg. 4d, 6e, 7f

(1897) *.

Type, d, in Mus. Brit.

Q. Total length 22 millim. Carap.10. Legs: i. 88; iv. 41:5, Pat.+tib. i. 13; iii. 10; iv. 13.

¢. Total length 30 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma (Tristan *).

9. Ctenus curvipes.

Microctenus curvipes, Keys. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxx. p. 579, t. 16. fig. 24 (1881) °.

Hab. Panama}.

Judging by the figure given in Keyserling’s paper of the protarsus of the last pair of

legs, this species is certainly not identical with that whose protarsus is figured by

M. Simon in Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 107, fig. 100 (p). It rather resembles

C. sinuatipes, F. P.-Cambr., but if correctly drawn it is quite distinct from this

species too.

CTENUS. 113

10. Ctenus calcaratus, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 7, 7a, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

3. Total length 11 millim. Carap. 6x 5-75.

g. Carapace and legs dull mahogany-brown, clothed with grey pubescence. Abdomen clothed with dull

brown pubescence, with a pale longitudinal, oval, dorsal area. Ventral area pale, with a central dusky-

brown line.

Carapace raised or gibbous at the base above, slightly bilobate. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp without pad of

fine soft hairs on the inner side. Protarsus iv. straight. Second row of eyes straight by the anterior

margins. Ocular quadrangle broader than long, much narrower in front; anterior central eyes much

smaller than the posterior central. Length of carapace equal to, or slightly longer than, patella and

tibia iii.

Apophysis on tibia of palpus long, curved, sharp-pointed and bifid at the apex, with a spur or stout spine at

the base on the inner side in front.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

Two adult males and an immature female of this species were found by Mr. F. Sarg.

11. Ctenus humilis.

Microctenus humilis, Keys. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxvii. p. 456, t. 6. fig. 85 (1887) *.

Type in Cambr. Mus., Mass., U.S.A.

Hab. Nicaragua 1.

I have not seen a specimen of this species.

12. Ctenus byrrhus. (Tab. VIII. fig. 9, 2.)

Leptoctenus byrrhus, EK. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 210 (?) *.

Hab. Mexico}.

The figure is taken from the type kindly lent us by M. E. Simon.

13. Ctenus rubripes.

Ctenus rubripes, Keys. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxx. p. 577, t. 16. fig. 23 (1881) °.

Hab. Panama !.

14. Ctenus hibernalis,

Ctenus hibernalis, Hentz, Spid. United States, p. 35, t. 5. figg. 1-4 (1875)*; Banks, Proc, Calif.

Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 277°.

Hab. Norru America, 8. Alabama!, La Chuparosa. in Lower California ?.—MeExico,

Minatitlan 2, Orizaba °.

15. Ctenus punctulatus.

Ctenus punctulatus, Hentz, loc. cit. p. 35, t. 5. figg. 5, 6 ‘; Banks, loc. cit. p. 277°.

Hab. Norru America, Alabama !.—Mexico, Tepic ?.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., March 1900. of

114 ARANEIDEA.

16. Ctenus ensiger, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 10, 10a, 6, ; 11, 2.)

Type ¢, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. S

Total length, ¢ 7, 2 10°5 millim, /

3 @. Carapace orange-brown, with two longitudinal dusky bands ; legs, sternum, and mouth-parts orange-

brown; mandibles darker. Abdomen dull brown, mottled and marked with sooty-black spots; a

conspicuous double series of six or more runs down the dorsal area, more noticeable in the male.

Carapace almost level, in profile, slightly gibbous behind. Second row of eyes straight by the anterior margin.

Ocular quadrangle broader than long, distinctly narrower in front ; anterior central eyes distinctly smaller,

less than half a diameter apart. Clypeus equal to one diameter of an anterior central eye. Structure of

the female similar in general characters to that of the male.

3. Palpus: tibia with a long curved ensiform spur on the outer side, directed straight forward, its apex

abruptly curved upward, forming a small hook. The palpal organs consist of a bulb having a lamelliform

process at its base, the seminal duct running across in a sinuous course, about the middle, with a second

small lamelliform process at its apex, and a short sinuous black spine, its point lying over a semitransparent

racquet-shaped process.

A figure of the vulva of the female will be found on the Plate (Tab. VIII. fig. 11).

- Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

17. Gtenus convexus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 12, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length 20 millim. Carap. 10x 7:5. Legs: i. 38; ii. 365; iii, 32; iv.42:5. Pat. -+tib. i. 12:25;

iii. 10; iv. 12°75.

Q. Carapace and legs mahogany-brown, clothed with grey pubescence. Abdomen brown, with a central

scalloped pale band. Underside with two longitudinal pale bands.

Carapace slightly raised behind, in profile. Second row of eyes procurved, the posterior margin of the laterals

falling well behind the anterior margin of the centrals. Ocular quadrangle a little longer than broad,

slightly narrower in front; anterior central eyes distinctly smaller than the posterior central. Clypeus

equal to one and a half diameters of an anterior central eye.

Hab. GuateMata (Sarg).

This species is closely allied to C. sinwatipes, but the form of the vulva is quite

distinct.

Nore.—Phoneutria oculifera, Karsch, Zeitschr. ges. Naturw. (3) iv. p. 350 (1879),

—Hab. MExico.

I am unable to identify this species. It is very likely a Cupiennius.

— Ctenus mordicus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 100, t. 13.

figg. 6, 6a(2), 7, 7 a-e( 6 ).— Hab. Guatemata, Salinas de Nueve Cerros (Sarg).

. This species is identical with Cupiennius salet (Keys.). See below under Pisauride.

CELATYCHEUS.

Celetycheus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii, p. 114 (1898).

Type OC. flavostriatus, E. Simon. Brazil.

Central posterior eyes distinctly larger than the lateral posteriors, half a diameter apart. Central anteriors

CELATYCHEUS,—SELENOPS. 115

much smaller, their diameter equal to one-third of that of the central posteriors, scarcely half a diameter

apart. Lateral anteriors very minute, oblique, their anterior margin forming with that of the central

posteriors a recurved line. Clypeus equal to the diameter of an anterior central eye. Tibise i. and ii.

with 2—2—2—2—2 spines beneath, the apical pair smaller (the male has two lateral ones on the outside

—one dorso-apical, and one on the inner side towards the base). Protarsi i. and ii, with 2—2—2 spines

beneath. Scopula absent. Tarsi with claw-tufts and two claws. Lower margin of fang-groove with

five equal teeth.

1, Celetycheus paradoxus, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 13, 13a, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

d. The colours of the single specimen have faded. Its identification will be best determined by the structure

of the palpal organs; while its general characters will be found under the generic diagnosis,

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Fam. SELENOPIDA.

Legs laterigrade. Carapace and abdomen very much compressed. Eyes more or less in one transverse row,

much compressed together longitudinally, Other characters generally similar to those of the Clubionidex.

The spiders belonging to this family form a group very distinct and easily

recognizable. That they were originally Clubionide there is little doubt, but, under

pressure of circumstances, they have become flattened out and the legs have been

forced to assume a. laterigrade position. They live under stones and the bark of trees,

squeezing themselves into the narrowest crevices. The ability to squat quite flat into

a depression in the stone under which they are concealed, or on the surface when on

the look-out for prey, gives them many advantages in the struggle for life. It is

interesting to note the effect of this environmental compression on the eyes. The

lateral posteriors remain more or less in the normal position, merely advancing forward.

The central posteriors, however, have been pressed forward till, in some cases, they are

almost in a line with and outside of the central anteriors; in other cases (S. minutus,

F, P.-Cambr.) they are not advanced so far forward. This same forcing forward of the

central posteriors has pressed the lateral anteriors further apart, and the compression

of the carapace has reduced the longitudinal ocular area and the height of the clypeus

to a minimum.

SELENOPS.

Selenops, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxx. p. 579 (1819),

Type S. radiatus, Latr. Spain.

There is no doubt that the name Selenops was selected by Dufour, but adopted and

published by Latreille the year before Dufour’s work appeared. _ Latreille characterized

the genus, and selected as the type a species discovered in Spain by Dufour which he

named S. radiatus. Dufour called this species, a year later, S. homalosoma. It is

quite possible that the name Hypoplatewa, MacLeay, will have to be revived for a

Qf 2

116 ARANEIDEA.

certain group of the Selenopide, reserving Selenops for that group of which the Spanish

species is typical. At present, however, one must leave the matter as it stands.

The species from Central America described below under the name S. minutus

presents, in the situation of the eyes, great differences from S. mexicanus, Keys., and

were it not that intermediate forms occur one would not hesitate to separate these two

forms under different genera.

The habits of Selenops are characteristic. ‘These spiders cling to the sides of stones,

rocks, and logs, darting with marvellous rapidity round to the side which is beneath

when the stone is turned. It is often impossible even to catch a glimpse of them as

they dash round and adapt themselves to the chinks and hollows on the surface. The

coloration and hairy armature tend also to render the spider almost invisible on the

grey mottled surface of the stones. :

The genus occurs in the subtropical and tropical regions of all parts of the world.

The four species known to me may be separated as follows :—

Males.

A. Four central eyes in a straight or very slightly recurving row. Lateral

anteriors equal to one-half the diameter of the adjacent centrals ; about

equidistant between these and the lateral posteriors.

i. Spur of tibia of palpus broad, lamelliform, concave on inner side,

truncate at the apex, not reaching higher than the basal external

tubercle of the tarsus.

a. Spur of tibia longer, with a more slender curved basal stem. Apical

concavity bearing a short stout spur directed from its centre.

Unca at the external apex of the bulb larger, its point directed

inward, but not backward. Its base is broadly concave . . nigromaculatus, Keys.

6. Spur of tibia shorter, without any slender basal stem. Apical

concavity without a central spur, but with a two-fold lower

margin. Unca at external apex of bulb, smaller, rising at right

angles to the plane of the bulb, its point directed downward and

backward. Its base much narrower and more cylindrical . . . marginalis, sp. n.

ii. Spur of tibia of palpus very narrow, ensiform, elongate, obtusely

pointed at the apex, reaching far beyond the external basal tarsal

tubercle. Unca of bulb very broad at the base, concave, divided

into two limbs, the outer longer, more slender, directed forward

and inward, the inner limb shorter, stouter, directed backward and

downward . 2. 2. 1 ee ee we ee we ew we mevicanus, Keys.

B. Four central eyes forming a strongly recurved row. Lateral anterior

eyes equal in diameter to only one-quarter of that of the adjacent

centrals, situated much closer to the lateral posteriors than to the

eentrals . 2 2 1. ee ee ee od Uy OE RE a minutus, sp. Ds

-SELENOPS. 117

Females.

A. As in the male sex.

i, Vulva with a strong, black, horseshoe-shaped central area, with two

transverse, widely separate, oval cavities along the posterior margin. mewicanus.

- li. Vulva without central horseshoe-shaped area.

a. Posterior margin of the vulva deeply emarginate, with a central

rectangular chitinous piece, a little broader than long . . . . marginalis.

6. Posterior margin of the vulva not emarginate, with two widely

separate oval concavities (sec. Keys.) . . . 2. . . « « « . = nigromaculatus.

B. Asinthe male sex . . 2. 1 ee eee ee ee ee eee minutus.

Nore.—The vulva in Selenops varies very much in detail. Many specimens, obviously the young of

S. mexicanus, appear at first sight to belong to entirely different species.

1. Selenops nigromaculatus. (Tab. VIII. figg. 14, 14a, ¢.)

Selenops nigromaculatus, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Laterigrade, p. 230, t. 6. figg. 126, 126 a’.

Type in coll. E. Simon, Paris. Total length, ¢ 8°5, 2 13-9 millim.

Hab. Mexico}.

Thanks to M. Simon, I have been able to examine the type, ¢, of this species. The

legs are not annulated with black, but probably are so in the female and immature

examples. S. mexicanus, however, has the legs very darkly annulate in some examples.

2. Selenops marginalis, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 15,15 a, ¢; 16, 2.)

Type ¢, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 9, 9 10°5 millim.

3 @. Carapace dull orange-brown, margined with a black line. Abdomen ochreous-brown, marbled with

darker brown, with a distinct diamond-shaped black mark towards the spinners above. (The abdomen is too

shrivelled to be able to describe its pattern and coloration.) Legs pale orange-yellow, faintly annulated

with dusky black at the middle of the femur, the base of the patella and tibia, the middle of the latter,

and at the base of the protarsus.

The four central eyes form a row slightly recurved, the centrals being slightly smaller than the laterals.

Anterior laterals small, about half the diameter of the central posteriors, situated closer to these eyes

than to the lateral posteriors, less than a diameter from the former.

The two central anteriors are rather over half a diameter apart, a quarter of a diameter from the central

posteriors. Lateral posteriors nearly two diameters from the central posteriors and slightly smaller than

them. Clypeus equal to one-third the diameter of an anterior central eye.

¢ palpus: for a description of this and of the vulva of the Q see the Table of the species.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith). |

3. Selenops mexicanus. (Tab. VIII. figg. 17, 17a, 6, ¢; 18, 184, 4, 2.)

Selenops mexicanus, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Laterigrade, p. 223, t. 6. figg. 125, 125 a ‘“.

Type in coll. E. Simon, Paris, Total length, g 127, 9 16:3 millim. ee

Hab. Mexico}, Chilpancingo, Atoyac, Tuxtla (H. H. Smith); Guarumata (Sarg);

Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson); Costa Rica (Rogers), San José (Tristan); Panama,

David, Chiriqui (Champion).

118 ARANEIDEA.

This fine species is apparently abundant throughout Central America. The immature

forms are much more highly coloured than the adult, their legs being very distinctly

annulated with black, When the specimen is dry, however, and probably in a natural

state as well, this contrast of colours is almost lost beneath the grey pubescence,

Noticeably also in this species the vulva assumes a variety of forms, apparently fully

developed, in the immature examples. The horseshoe-shaped area is the first to appear,

in the form of a pair of dark opposing crescents.

4. Selenops minutus, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 19, 19a-c, g ; 20, 20a, 2;

20 5, var., 2 .)

Type 3, cotype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 8 millim.

3 2. Carapace pale orange. Legs and sternum dull orange-yellow. The legs are tinged with dusky brown,

while the femora have on the outside an irregular longitudinal dusky-brown streak. Abdomen dull

yellow, with black markings, very variable in shape and extent. The paler forms exhibit a dusky central

dorsal line, which expands laterally behind, while the margins of the abdomen have a few scattered spots

of brown. In the darker forms the central bar is much darker and more extended behind, leaving a

transverse sinuous pale bar in the form of an inverted W. The sides of the abdomen are much more

deeply suffused with brown.

The four central eyes form a strongly recurved row, the anterior centrals somewhat smaller ; anterior laterals

very minute and inconspicuous, situated nearer the posterior laterals than to the posterior or anterior

centrals.

3 palpus: external apophysis at the apex of the tibia bibranchiate ; the upper branch slightly clavate, the

lower curved, simple, and semitransparent. Tarsus nearly circular, strongly produced on the outer side

at the base. The palpal organs are furnished on the inner side with a long lamelliform process curving

outward and pointed at the apex. On the outer margin of the bulb is a small sinuous process.

Q vulva (apparently not quite fully matured in any of the specimens). (See Tab, VIII. fig. 20 a.)

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

5. Selenops morosus.

Selenops morosa, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 267, t. 16. fig, 14°.

2. Total length 17 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic!.

I have not seen a specimen of this species.

Fam. HETEROPODIDA.

Eyes eight, in two more or less parallel transverse rows, ‘Legs laterigrade. Carapace and abdomen somewhat

compressed as a rule. Apex of protarsi without a hard chitinous rim, but furnished with a trilobate

membrane; the central lobe triangular, the lateral lobes rounded.

The last-named character separates the Heteropodide from all other Clubionid

_ spiders, as well as from the Selenopide. Otherwise the spiders belonging to this family

are simply Clubionids with a peculiar life-habit which has tended to modify their

leg-movements. ‘hey run with great speed, clinging flat to the surface over which

PSEUDOSPARIANTHIS. 119

they pass. Some of them, as Heteropoda, carry the egg-sac tucked under the sternum ;

others weave together a few leaves in a tubular form, making a retreat, and in this

they conceal the egg-sac, rushing forth with startling rapidity if the retreat be handled.

In this they resemble Chiracanthium and other Clubionids.

Subfam. PSEUDOSPARIANTHINA.

Spinners set upon a distinct basal segment. Apex of protarsi i. and ii. with modified membranous lobes; not

so well developed as in Heteropodine.

PSEUDOSPARIANTHIS.

Pseudosparianthis, E. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1887, p. 473.

Type P. fusca, E. Simon. Amazons.

Posterior row of eyes procurved, subequal, equidistant ; anterior row slightly procurved ; centrals the largest

of the eight, rather further from each other than from the laterals. Apex of abdomen attenuate ;

spinners set upon a common basal segment. Upper margin of fang-groove with three or four larger

teeth; lower margin with very minute teeth, very variable in number, 4-8 &c. Tibiee i. and ii. with

2—2—2 spines beneath. Protarsii. and ii. with two long spines beneath. Tarsi compressed and

slightly convex above. Protarsus iii. with two spines and a group of very small curved spines in the

centre at the apex beneath; protarsus iv. with 2—2 spines and a similar group of small spines beneath

at the apex.

1. Pseudosparianthis variabilis, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 21, 21a, 4,9.) -

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 12 millim. |

©. Carapace, legs, and mandibles orange-yellow, the former margined and mottled with streaks of brown.

The tibie, protarsi, and tarsi of the first two pairs of legs are also darker. Sternum, mouth-parts, and

coxee of legs somewhat paler. Abdomen pale clay-yellow, streaked and mottled with brown, including a

pair of shoulder-bands and a series of more or less distinct ~“\-shaped bars, becoming broken up into a

series of triangular spots towards the spinners; lateral area streaked with brown; ventral surface pale

yellow, unicolorous.

Structure similar to that recorded in the generic diagnosis. Eyes of posterior row nearly four diameters

apart. Central anteriors one and three-fourths apart, the same distance from the laterals.

Vulva consisting of an elongate cordiform central area, its apex attenuate and directed backward.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This spider agrees neither with the diagnosis of Stasina nor Pseudosparianthis. It

is certainly not congeneric with Eastern forms of the first-named genus, neither does it

agree with M. Simon’s diagnosis of Pseudosparianthis, said to possess three pairs of

spines beneath the protarsi i. and ii. (though the type, P. fusca, Sim., possesses but

two pairs: of. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1887, p. 473).

The present species possesses only one pair of spines beneath protarsi i. and ii., as does

Stasina. Notwithstanding these discrepancies, or because of them, I leave this spider

under the genus Pseudosparianthis, which will probably be found to have a wider

signification than is suggested in the original diagnosis.

120 ARANEIDEA.

Subfam. HETEROPODINA,.

Spinners normal, not set upon a basal segment. Apex of protarsi i. and ii. with distinct well-developed

trilobate membrane.

The genera of this subfamily represented in Central America may be tabulated

thus :—

A. Central anterior eyes smaller than the laterals. Clypeus high, at least

as high as the diameter of the anterior lateral eyes.

1. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved, almost straight. Carapace

compressed behind . . . . 1... ee ee we ee Hereroropa, Latr.

2. Posterior row of eyes very strongly recurved. Carapace raised and

slightly bilobate behind . . . . . . : . . . . Heapriivs, E. Sim.

B. Central anterior eyes equal to or larger than the tafornls. Clypeus

very low, not more than one-fourth the diameter of an anterior

central eye.

1. Posterior row of eyes distinctly broader than the anterior row . . Sparassus, Walck.

2. Posterior row of eyes not, or scarcely, broader than the anterior

row.

a, Anterior row of eyes (seen from above) almost straight . . . Ramwnes, O.P.-Cambr.

b. Anterior row of eyes (seen from above) strongly recurved . . Prusias, O. P.-Cambr.

Norr.—It is probable that Hedillus does not belong to the Heteropodine, but the genus is left provisionally

where M. Simon has placed it.

HETEROPODA.

Heteropoda, Uatreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. x. p. 544 (1803).

Type H. venatorta (Linn.). Tropical America.

Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly procurved; centrals three-fourths of a diameter apart, one-half

a diameter from the laterals, whose diameter almost equals twice that of the centrals. Posterior

row slightly recurved, much wider than the anterior. Central eyes smaller than the laterals, one and

a half diameters apart, rather less from the laterals. Clypeus higher than the diameter of the anterior

laterals, Superior margin of fang-groove with two, inferior margin with four teeth. Central quadrangle

longer than broad, wider behind, anterior eyes slightly smaller than the posterior.

1. Heteropoda venatoria. (Tab. VIII. figg. 22, 22 a-c, 3; 23, 23a-f/, 2.)

Aranea venatoria *, Marcgrav, Hist. Nat. Bras. libr. vii. p. 249, fig. (1648) °. .

, Sloane, Nat. Hist. Jamaica ete. 11. p. 181, t. 235. figg. 1, 2 (1725) *.

——, Merian, Surin. Ins. p. 18, t. 18 (upper fig.) (1730) °.

——, Gronovius, Zoophylac. Anim. p. 217 (1768) *.

——, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1. 2, p. 1035 (1767) ’.

* In Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 55, M. Simon gives to this species the name H. regia, Fabr. Fabricius, .

however, when he fixed the name venatoria upon a figure (8) in Browne’s ‘ Natural History of Jamaica,’ and.

described a Ctenizid, did not select one of the two spiders to which Linneus applied this name, namely,

HETEROPODA.—HDILLUS. 121

Thomisus venatorius, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. i. p. 114 (1806) °.

Heteropoda venatoria, Thorell, Ann. Mus. Genova, x. p. 484 (1877); Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sei. (3) i, p. 266°; McCook, Amer. Spid. ii. pp. 109, 158, 272, 278, figg. 189, 190, 279

(1890) °; Marx, Cat. Aran. Temp. Amer. p. 560 (1890) ”.

Micrommata setulosa, Perty, Del. Anim. art. Bras. p. 195, t. 38. fig. 13 (1880-34) ".

Ocypeta setulosa, C. Koch, Die Arachniden, iii. p. 40, fig. 195”.

Olios setulosus, Tacz. Hor Soc. Ent. Ross. ix. p. 12 (1872) ”.

Olios leucosius, Walck. Ins. Apt. i. p. 566 (1837) ™*.

Olios antillanus, Walck. loc. cit. p. 568”.

Olios columbianus, Walck. loc. cit. p. 571".

Ocypete murina, C. Koch, Die Arachniden, xii. p. 36, fig. 978 (1845) ".

Ocypete draco, ©. Koch, loe. cit. p. 441, fig. 983 ™.

Olios javensis, Doleschall, Natuurk. Tijdschr. voor Ned. Ind. (3) iii. p. 428 (1857) *.

Olios yabonensis, Lucas, in Thomson’s Arch. Ent. p. 31 (1858) *.

Olios zonatus, Doleschall, Natuurk. Tijdschr. voor Ned. Ind. (8) v. p. 54, t. 14. fig. 4 (1859) *.

Ocypete brunneiceps, Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. xv. p. 820 (1868) ”.

Olios regius, Gerst. in v. der Decken’s Reise in Ost-Afr. ii. 2, p. 482 (1873) ”.

Sarotes regius, L. Koch, Arachn. Austral. p. 675, t. 56. figg. 1, 2 (1877) **.

Heteropoda regia, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, p. 63”.

Hab. Nortu America, Florida ®, California !°.—Mexico (Forrer), Tepic § ; GUATEMALA

(Sarg).—Soutn America °, Guiana °, Brazil!141°; Anriuies ‘4, Jamaica ?.—TRopPIcAL

Arnica; Javal9; Cerepes’; AMBOINA; PHILIPPINE Is. 7°; Burma; AustTRALia 74, &c.

The head-quarters of the genus Heteropoda are doubtless in Indo- and Austro-Malaysia,

a few forms only occurring in the Western Hemisphere. The present species is

exceedingly abundant in all seaport towns, being transported in trading-vessels. It

penetrates also far into the interior, wherever human habitations occur and cockroaches,

which form its staple food, are abundant.

HAEDILLUS.

Heediillus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, 11. p. 202 (1898).

Type H. sexpunctatus, E. Simon. Central America.

Eyes of anterior row forming a strongly procurved line. Centrals much smaller than the laterals, less than

half the diameter. Centrals one diameter apart, almost in contact with the laterals. Posterior row

strongly recurved ; centrals much smaller than laterals, three-fourths of a diameter apart, one and three-

fourths from the laterals. Lateral posteriors set on large tubercles. Central posteriors larger than

central anteriors; lateral posteriors smaller than lateral anteriors. Posterior row distinctly broader

fig. 2 of Browne’s ‘ History’ and three figures in the works of Merian, Sloane, and Marcgrav.—The three

figures in the last-mentioned works are obviously those of our H. venatoria, as commonly accepted, and

for this spider I retain Linnus’s name, while H. regia (Fabr.) becomes a synonym of it, supposing the

two species to be identical, which appears highly probable.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., April 1900. rt

22 ARANEIDEA.

than the anterior row. Central quadrangle longer than broad, broader behind. Clypeus high, equal to

one diameter of an anterior central eye. :

Superior margin of fang-groove with three teeth—a single one towards the base of the fang, and a pair

towards the inner angle; inferior margin with two widely separate teeth. Sternum almost circular.

1. Hedillus sexpunctatus. (Tab. IX. figg. 1, 1 ad, 2 .)

Hedillus seapunctatus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 202 (? y.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg?).

SPARASSUS.

Sparassus, Walckenaer, Tabl. Aran. p. 39, t. 4. figg. 40, 41 (1805).

Olios, Walckenaer, loc. cit.

Type S. argelasius, Walck.,=S. spongitarsus (Duf.) *.

Eyes of anterior row forming a straight or slightly procurved line. Centrals either equal to or slightly larger

than the laterals. Eyes of posterior row forming a straight or slightly procurved line, broader than the

anterior row; eyes approximately equal and equidistant. Clypeus very narrow, about half the diameter

of one of the anterior eyes, sometimes more. Superior margin of fang-groove with two, inferior with two,

three, or four teeth. Central quadrangle quadrate or longer than broad ; smaller in front.

The Central-American species of which the males are known to me may be thus

distinguished :—

Males.

A. Anterior row of eyes procurved.

a. Tibial apophysis nearly as long as the segment. Base of palpal organs

without decided bulb, not presenting spinigerous lobes.

1. Apophysis broad, abruptly narrowed at the apex, terminating in a

short, conical, unguiform point. Tarsus of palpus broad, one-half

longer than broad. . 1. ww we ee ee ee obtusus, sp. 0.

2. Apophysis slender, long, somewhat spatuliform, directed upward

and forward. Tarsus of palpus scarcely longer than broad . . obscurus, Keys.

* §. argelasius, Walck., was selected as the type of the genus Sparassus by Thorell in 1869-70. Walckenaer’s

name might be held to be a “ nomen nudum *” were it not for the generic diagnosis, and the fact that his species

is well known under the synonym S. spongitarsus (Duf.) (cf. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, p. 334, nota 2),

Sparassus argelasius, Latr., requires a new name,

O. spongitarsus (Duf.) is the type of Olios, Walck. Olios is therefore a synonym of Sparassus.

If S. argelasius, Walck., be regarded as not the type, then S. pallens (Fabr.), the second and only other

species included in Sparassus, after Mecrommata virescens has been withdrawn, will become the type. In no

case can S. argelasius, Latr., be the type.

In selecting the type of this genus in Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. 1, p. 46, M. Simon appears to have

forsaken the principle laid down in Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 848.

Norr.—Referring to the synonymy of Acrosoma and Micrathena, Simon remarks that where the type has not

been designated, the oldest species shall be regarded as the type. Araneus pallens, Fabr., is certainly older

than Sparassus argelasius (Latr.), and should therefore, on this principle, have been selected as the type.

SPARASSUS.

6, Tibial apophysis scarcely one-third as long as the segment, stout,

short, sinuous, its apex directed slightly upward. Tarsus of palpus

narrow, one-fourth only as broad as long. Base of palpal organs

with a distinct bulb, the central lobes being spinigerous . . .

B. Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly recurved.

i, Palpal bulb bearing a long, stout, spiraloid spine. Stylum short. .

ii. Palpal bulb without spiraloid spine. Stylum short.

a. Tibial apophysis bibranchiate.

1. Upper branch very long, stout at base, sinuous, and tapering to

its point, directed forward. Lower branch very broad, concave

on the inside, its rim emarginate. Tibia scarcely longer than

broad. Organs simple, bilobate, with a third pale, corrugated

lobe between the two at their apex. Tarsal segment with a

short, blunt, chitinous spur at its apex beneath .

2. Upper branch long, narrow at base, dilate at apex, with a sharp spur

on the outer side. Lower branch insignificant, a mere cusp

b. Tibial apophysis tribranchiate.

1. Upper external branch deeply bifid at the apex. Ensiform branch

springing from near the base, the upper branch almost at a right

angle toit. ©. 2. 6. 2. ee ee es

2. Upper external branch not bifid at the apex.

a*. Lower margin of external branch bidentate. External branch,

seen from above, abruptly elbowed and directed inwards.

Middle branch broad, spatuliform. Palpal bulb terminating

in a stout stylum, strongly curved and notched beneath at

the apex . 2. 6 ee ee ee ee ee

b*. Lower margin of external branch simple. External branch,

seen from above, simply rounded and slightly curving

inwards ; its apex ending in a short point, seen in profile.

Middle branch long, narrow, fused with the ensiform branch

at the base, its apex depressed, bearing a small triangular

prominence at its base beneath. Palpal bulb bilobate, the

left lobe terminating in a short, slightly curved, simple

stylum, its apex lying behind a pale corrugated process

which lies between both lobes at their apex

123

fugiens, O. P.-Cambr.

stylifer, sp. n.

minax, O. P.-Cambr.

manifestus, O. P.-

[Cambr.

clarus, Keys.

ensiger, Sp. D.

annulatus, sp. 1.

Norse.—The characters which distinguish the females, being based upon the form of the vulva, do not admit

of tabulation.

1. Sparassus obtusus, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 2, 2a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

¢. Total length 16 millim. Carap. 7-5 x 7:5. Legs: i. 40; ii, 41°5; i. 31; iv. 33. Tibia iv. 7°5.

g. Carapace and legs deep mahogany-brown. Abdomen dull yellow-brown.

Carapace as long as broad, equal to length of tibia iv., much compressed in the centre above. Anterior row of

eyes slightly procurved ; eyes equal, almost equidistant ; centrals slightly closer, distant almost one diameter

Rp 2

124 ARANEIDEA.

apart. Posterior row almost straight, slightly procurved ; centrals slightly smaller, two diameters apart,

two and a half from laterals.

Clypeus less than half a diameter of anterior centrals. Ocular quadrangle broader than long.

Tibia of palpus with a single short stout spur, very convex at the base, abruptly narrowed, with a short, broad,

curved, cusp-like point. The segment itself bears five long spines. Palpal bulb without a free stylum,

bearing a long, stout, chitinous process, hollow, its mouth opening backward, terminating in a fine

sharp rim or edge.

Hab. GuatemMaa (Sarg).

A single adult male of this fine species has come to hand.

2. Sparassus obscurus. (Tab. IX. figg. 3, 3a, 3.)

Sparassus obscurus, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Laterigrade, p. 255, t. 7. fig. 189°.

Type, ¢, in coll. Dr. Koch.

Hab. Mexico!; Panama, Tolé in Chiriqui (Champion).

A single adult male, most probably belonging to this species, has been received

from Tolé.

8. Sparassus fugiens. (Tab. IX. figg. 4, 40,2.)

Sadala fugiens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 66, t. 9. figg. 10, 10 a-d ( 3)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. GuatemMa.a, Montafia de Cahabon (Sarg).

4, Sparassus simoni.

Sadala simonii, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 65, t. 8. figg. 17, 17 a-d( 2)".

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Guatemata, Salinas de Nueve Cerros (Sarg 1).

5. Sparassus erroneus. (Tab. IX. fig. 5,9.)

Olios erroneus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 67, t. 9. figg. 1, la-e (23%

Olios exasperans, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 69, t. 9. figg. 2, 2a, b(9%)?.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. .

Hab. GuatemaLa, Petexbatum 1, Antigua 1, Chicoyoito? (Sarg).

Our figure is taken from the type of Olios exasperans.

6. Sparassus similis.

Vindullus similis, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 67, t. 9. figg. 9, 9a-d(?)?.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. GuateMata, Chisec (Sarg ').

SPARASSUS. 125

7. Sparassus manifestus. (Tab. IX. fig. 6, 3.)

Olios manifestus, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 68, t. 8. figg. 16, 16a-d (g), 18, 18 a-e( 2)’.

Type ¢, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab, Guatemata, Cahabon and Petexbatum (Sarg !).

8. Sparassus stylifer, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 7, 74, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length, ¢ 9, 2 10 millim. (immature).

3 @. Carapace, abdomen, and legs pale straw-yellow, more or less mottled with brown. (The two examples

do.

from which the figures are taken have only recently changed their skins, and an elaborate description of

their coloration is impossible.)

Palpus: tibia with a spur at the apex on the outer side, almost as long as the segment, stout at the base,

more attenuate towards the apex. Viewed from above, it is directed obliquely outward and forward,

curving slightly inward towards its apex. Viewed in profile from the outside, it appears geniculate about

the middle, curving upward more or less abruptly. The palpal bulb is cylindrical and squarely truncate

at the apex, whence there springs a long stout spiraloid spine, its inner margin concave, directed down-

ward, encircling the bulb and terminating in a long sinuous filiform point. A small fan-shaped process,

its margin serrate, lies at the anterior end of the bulb.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

A single adult male and an immature female alone have come to hand.

9, Sparassus minax. (Tab. IX. figg. 8, 8a,¢; 9,2.)

Sparassus minax, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 177, t. 22. figg. 3, 3a(?),

4, 4a-e(g)’.

Type 3d, cotype 2. in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 9000 feet (4. H. Smith 1).

10. Sparassus clarus. (Tab. IX. figg. 10, 10a, 6,3; 11, lla, 4,¢.)

Sparassus clarus, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Laterigrade, p. 253, t. 7. fig. 138°.

Type, ¢, in coll. E. Simon, Paris.

Hab. Merxico!, Amula in Guerrero (ZH. H. Smith).

A single male received from Mr. H. H. Smith appears to belong to this species.

I have not seen Keyserling’s type.

Our figures of the male are taken from the Guerrero specimen, of the female from

Keyserling’s drawing.

11. Sparassus ensiger, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 12, 12a, b, .)

Type, d, in Mus, Brit.

6. Total length 11 millim. Carap. 5-25 x 5 millim.

g. Carapace, legs, and sternum pale orange-yellow, the caput and legs speckled with minute spots of pale

rose-brown. Abdomen dull clay-yellow, with a finely outlined wedge-shaped mark and a central line to

the spinners brown. ‘The sides are dotted and streaked with rose-brown.

126 ARANEIDEA.

Carapace convex, scarcely longer than broad. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved, posterior row slightly

procurved. Eyes of anterior row equal; centrals just over half a diameter apart, less than a half from

the laterals. Eyes of posterior row equal, equidistant, one and a quarter diameters apart. Clypeus

scarcely equal to one diameter of an anterior central eye.

Palpus: tarsus nearly three times as long as broad. Palpal bulb consisting of one large lobe (the two lobes

distinguished in S. annulatus being fused) whose apex forms a very strongly curved stylum, its extreme

apex blunt and notched on the inner side. Tibial apophysis trifid: the upper branch longer, thin,

ensiform, sinuous, directed upward ; seen from above, elbowed in the middle, its apex directed outward ;

the middle branch black, curved, spatuliform at its apex; the outer branch stout, with two strong teeth

or spurs on the lower margin (seen in profile); seen from above its apex is strongly elbowed and directed

upward.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.).

12. Sparassus annulatus, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 13, 18, a-d, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

. Total length 8 millim. Carap. 4:25 x 4 millim..

d. Carapace, legs, and sternum pale orange. The base of the tibia, a spot towards the apex, the base, some-

times a spot in the middle, and the apex of the protarsus of all four pairs of legs, black.

Carapace convex, scarcely longer than broad. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved, posterior row slightly

procurved. Eyes of anterior row equal; centrals half a diameter apart, one-quarter a diameter from the

laterals. Eyes of posterior row equal, almost equidistant, one and a quarter diameters apart.

Palpus: tarsus three times as long as broad. Palpal bulb consisting of two elongate lobes, with a curved, pale

process between them at their apex ; the left lobe terminates in a curved stout point, forming a stylum (a).

Tibial apophysis trifid; its upper branch longer, thin, sinuous, and pointed (b); its middle branch broader,

shorter, congave, lamelliform, its apex depressed, having also towards its base a thin triangular piece,

directed outward and downward; its lower or outermost branch, viewed in profile, terminates in a

depressed point and is itself concave lamelliform in character.

Hab. Mexico, Rio Papagaio in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

A single adult male of this very distinct form was taken by Mr. Smith.

13. Sparassus ferrugineus. (Tab. IX. fig. 14, 2.)

Ocypete ferruginea, C. Koch, Die Arachniden, iii. p. 41, fig. 196°.

Sparassus ferrugineus, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Laterigrade, p. 256, t. 7. fig. 140°; Banks, Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 267%.

Olios sagus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 69, t. 9. figg. 8, 8 a-c (2) *.

Type of S. ferrugineus, Keys., from Mexico, in coll. Keyserling, in Mus. Brit.; that of O. sagus, O. P.-Cambr.,

from Guatemala, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

2. Total length 12°6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Peak of Orizaba *, Tepic® ; Guaremata, Petexbatum (Sarg *).

It is unlikely that the specimens from Central America are identical with the

original Ocypete ferruginea from Brazil; but being unable to see Koch’s type, I leave

the identity of the species as determined by Keyserling. The figure of the vulva is.

taken from Keyserling’s type.

RAMNES.—PRUSIAS. 127

RAMNES.

Ramznes, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 102 (1892).

Type R. semotus, O. P.-Cambr., 2, juv. Panama.

Kyes of anterior row forming a slightly recurved line; posterior row also slightly recurved. Posterior centrals

distinctly smaller than anterior centrals. Central quadrangle slightly longer than broad. Posterior row

very slightly broader than the anterior row. Clypeus very narrow, equal to a quarter of the diameter of

the anterior central eye. Anterior centrals three-fourths of a diameter apart, one-half from the laterals.

Posterior centrals one and a fourth diameters apart, the same distance from the laterals. Laterals three-

fourths of a diameter apart.

Sternum broader than long. Superior margin of fang-groove with two teeth, inferior with four teeth.

Tarsi and protarsi of legs i., ii., iii., and iv. scopulate. Claw-tuft present; tarsal claws pectinate.

1. Ramnes semotus. (Tab. IX. fige. 15, 15 a, b, 2.)

Ramnes semotus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 102, t. 13. figg. 8, 8a-d (?)

(immature) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Salvin & Godman.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

PRUSIAS.

Prusias, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 101 (1892).

Type P. nugalis, O. P.-Cambr., g, juv. Panama.

Eyes of anterior row forming a slightly recurved line. Posterior row slightly recurved. Posterior centrals

distinctly smaller than anterior centrals. Central quadrangle much longer than broad. Posterior row

not broader than anterior row. Clypeus very narrow, hardly one-eighth the diameter of an anterior

central eye. Anterior centrals half a diameter apart, less than one-eighth from the laterals (almost in

contact). Posterior centrals one and a quarter diameters apart, one diameter from the laterals. Eyes of

anterior row subequal, centrals slightly larger; of posterior row equal, distinctly smaller than those

of anterior row. Laterals three-fourths of a diameter of a posterior lateral eye apart. Superior margin of

fang-groove with two teeth, inferior with four.

1. Prusias nugalis. (Tab. IX. figg. 16, 16a, ¢.)

Prusias nugalis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 102-247, t. 18. figg. 9,

9a-d(), t. 31. figg. 1, la (2) (immature)’.

Type 3, cotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion),

A male and female, both immature, from Panama and Mexico respectively.

Fam. THOMISIDA.

Eyes eight, in two transverse rows. Legs laterigrade. Carapace and abdomen usually more or less compressed,

sometimes very much so. Apex of protarsi with a hard chitinous lobe, but without the membranous

appendages characteristic of the true Heteropodide.

Though possessing, on the whole, unmistakable general characteristics which enable

128 ARANEIDEA.

them to be at once recognized, yet the members of this family pass so readily through

the Philodromine and blend with those of the Heteropodide and Selenopide, that it

is not easy to draw any hard-and-fast line between them. The absence of teeth on the

fang-groove amongst the majority of the Thomiside, which might separate them from

the Heteropodide, fails, because in the Stephanopsine and Philodromine they are

present. So, too, does the absence of the scopule beneath the tarsi fail, since they

are present amongst the Philodromine. ‘he spiders comprised in this family form

an offshoot of the great two-clawed race of Arachnomorphe, of which the Drasside,

Clubionide, Heteropodide, Selenopide, and Ctenide are also offshoots, more or less

divergent.

So far as the life-habits of the members are concerned, they are vagrant, making

no web, nor even any kind of tubular retreat, such as is made by the majority of the

allied families. The species of the Philodromine, most of all resembling those of

the Heteropodide, run with great swiftness over herbage and the foliage of trees.

The Misumenine and Stephanopsine also have similar habits, many of them being

adapted for concealment amongst the petals of flowering plants and shrubs, where they

lurk and lie in wait for honey-seeking insects, springing upon them suddenly from

some vantage-point in the corolla. As excellent examples of this habit amongst

the Thomiside of Europe may be cited the beautiful white and rose-pink tinted

Thomisus onustus, which lurks amongst the pink heather-blossom, and Miswmena vatia,

white, with red slashes, frequenting similarly-coloured blossoms in woods and pastures ;

while very characteristic and of the same habits as the last-named may be noted Epicadus

heterogaster of the Neotropical Region. This latter has its body (curiously moulded

into long prominences) and legs apparently formed of white transparent wax, exactly

imitating the white waxen blossoms amongst which I have myself found the female

and male together in the forests of the Lower Amazons.

Other Thomiside are more crab-like, though their habits are very similar: such

are the various species of Xysticus, Oxyptila, Synema, Tmarus, Stephanopoides, &c.

Many of these are found indifferently on bare places on the ground, as well as amongst

the foliage of trees and shrubs. When alarmed they usually gather up their short legs

round the body or attempt a sidelong retreat in very crab-like fashion.

There are in reality, as already suggested, no very definite characters distinguishing

this family from the Heteropodide. In the majority of cases, however, the third and

fourth pairs of legs are shorter than the first and second pairs; the colulus is either

absent or very minute; the tarsal claws are two in number, sometimes with a claw-tuft,

more frequently without; the tarsi and protarsi are much more often entirely devoid of

scopuliform hairs; the mandibles are without denticles in some subfamilies, in others

they are present on either one or both margins of the fang-groove; the protarsi are

without a trilobate membrane at the apex.

The Thomiside may be more or less conveniently divided into the following

THOMISID. 129

subfamilies, of which the chief characteristic differences are given in the subjoined

table :—

SUBFAMILIES.

I. Labium and maxille normal, not attenuate or acuminate at the apex.

A. Lower margin of the fang-groove at least not armed with denticles ;

often, too, the upper margin is unarmed. Legs ii. longer than legs i.

a. Tarsi i. and ii. scopulate beneath, in the female at all events. Hairs

of body pubescent or plumose, prone, not erect. Legs iii. and iv.

not or scarcely shorter than i. and ii. - + « « + « » PHILODROMINE.

b. Tarsi i. and ii. not scopulate beneath. Hairs of body filiform or

bacilliform, erect. Legs iii. and iv., as a rule, much shorter than

iandi 6. 1 ee eee ee eee wee ee 6M UM ENING.

B. Lower margin of the fang-groove, and upper margin as well, armed with

denticles. Legsi.andii. subequal . . . . . . . . . . . SQTEPHANOPSINA.

II. Labium very narrow, attenuate and acuminate at the apex.

a. Sternum not narrowed behind, normal, produced as far as cox iv.

Mandibles with a tuft of hair at the apex beneath . . . . . . StTROPHIINA,

6. Sternum narrowed behind, not produced beyond coxe ii. Mandibles

| without any tuft of hair at the apex . . . . . . .) .) . ) . «=APHANTOCHILINA,

Subfam. PHJZLODROMINA.

The members of this subfamily may be generally recognized by the longer third and

fourth pairs of legs, by the scopulate anterior tarsi, and in some genera the protarsi

as well. The hairy covering of the body is not, as it is amongst the more typical

Thomiside, spiniform and erect, but plumose or pubescent and prone, or adpressed to the

body, though there are exceptions. The lower margin of the fang-groove is not armed

with denticles, and the second pair of legs is longer than the first pair. ‘This

subfamily is represented in all tropical, semitropical, and temperate regions of both

hemispheres. ‘The spiders of the genus Philodromus usually inhabit foliage of different

kinds, while those of Thanatus and Tibellus are generally found amongst dry grass or

amongst rushes and sedge-grass in swampy places.

The genera may be roughly separated as follows, though, without much greater

research, no final declarations can be made as to the tenability of these tabulated

differential characters :—

GENERA.

A. Legs iv. shorter than legs i, [Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved

or almost straight (Edo). Posterior eyes equidistant, or much further

from each other than from the laterals. Legs iii. equal to or a little

longer than legs iv.]

1. Legs ii. much longer than legs i. Central anterior eyes larger than

lateral anteriors. Posterior row of eyes almost straight, slightly

recurved 2 2. ew . . . « « Eso, Keys.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1900. sf

130 ARANEIDEA.

2. Legs ii. only slightly longer than legs i. Central anterior eyes equal

to or smaller than lateral anteriors. Posterior row of eyes more

or less recurved.

a. Central posterior eyes much further from each other than from the

laterals. Lateral anterior eyes nearer to the central anteriors

than to the central posteriors. Posterior row of eyes less strongly

recurved. . 2 ew ee ee ee ee ee eee) 6 )6Pttopromus, Walck.

6. Eyes of posterior row equidistant or centrals slightly closer. Lateral

anterior eyes equidistant from the central anterior and central

posterior eyes, forming with them an equilateral triangle on each

side. Posterior row of eyes more strongly recurved . . . . AvotLopHanss, O. P.-

B. Legs iv. longer than legs i. [Posterior row of eyes more strongly [Cambr.

recurved. Posterior eyes equidistant or centrals closer together

than to the laterals. Legs iii. equal to or shorter than legs iv.]

1. Eyes of posterior row approximately equidistant. Legs ui. shorter

by the length of the tarsus only than legs iv. Carapace and

sternum scarcely longer than broad. Coxe iv., as a rule, more

widely separate. Anterior ocular oval, formed by the anterior

eyes, and the posterior centrals much less isolated from the lateral

posteriors. Posterior row less strongly recurved. Lateral anteriors

closer to the central anterior than to the central posterior eyes . [Tuanatus, C. Koch.]

2. Central posterior eyes much nearer to each other than to the laterals.

Legs iii. much shorter, by the length of the tarsus, protarsus, and

often by half the tibia, than legs iv. Carapace and sternum much

longer than broad. Coxe iv. adjacent. Anterior ocular oval,

much more isolated from the posterior lateral eyes. Posterior

row much more strongly recurved. Lateral anteriors equidistant

from the central posterior and central anterior eyes, together

forming an equilateral triangle on each side. . . . . . . . Tuisexuus, E. Sim.

Of these genera no examples of the typical Thanatus have been taken in Central

America, and the characters of the genus, the type of which is 7. formicinus (Clerck)

[Tab. 1X. fig. 22 (¢)], are inserted only for the sake of comparison. Apollophanes

stands upon rather slender characters, and probably represents Thanatus in the

Western Hemisphere. Philodromus and bo, especially in considering the eye-

formula, fall together; Apollophanes and Thanatus also fall together, while Tibellus is

more isolated.

EBO.

Ebo, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1884, p. 678.

Type E. latithoraw, Keys. N. America.

This genus is distinguishable from Philodromus by its very much longer second pair

of legs and the almost straight posterior row of eyes.

Only one species has been recorded from Central America, and I have not come across

EBO.—APOLLOPHANES. 131

any specimens of the genus in the entire collection before me. A figure of the North-

American type is given for comparison with the allied forms ['Tab. IX. fig. 17 (@ )].

1. Kbo mexicana.

Ebo mexicana, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 265, t. 16. fig. 9 (9 )*.

Type, 2, in Mus. San Francisco. ‘Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Hermosillo, Sonoran Region !.

PHILODROMUS.

Philodromus, Walckenaer, Faune Fr., Aran. p. 86 (1825).

Type P. aureolus (Clerck). Europe.

Clypeus at least as high as the length of the central quadrangle, sternum broadly truncate at the base.

Anterior tibial and protarsal spines all about the same length. Posterior row of eyes only slightly recurved,

central eyes further apart than from the laterals. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved. Central

quadrangle as long as broad. Eyes of anterior row subequal. Labium much longer than broad. Legs

of the second pair longer than those of the first. Coxe iv. wide apart. Protarsi and tarsi scopulate,

sometimes only very slightly, beneath.

A figure of the European type is given for comparison ['Tab. IX. fig. 18 (¢ )].

The two Central-American representatives of this genus, each known from a single

example only, may be recognized as follows :—

A. Femora of all four pairs of legs with a broad black longitudinal band,

less distinct on iii. and iv. in front, also a less distinct band behind. decolor, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Femora plan . . . 2. 1 ee ee we ew ee ww ew ee) albicans, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Philodromus albicans.

Philodromus albicans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 227, t. 29. fige. 9;

9a-c (¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°25 millim,.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

The type of this species is not mature.

2. Philodromus decolor. .

Philodromus decolor, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 291, t. 32. figg. 3

3a-c (?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim,

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg }).

APOLLOPHANES.

Apollophanes, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 252 (1898).

Type A. punctipes, O. P.-Cambr. Central America.

Carapace almost circular. Posterior row of eyes more strongly recurved than in Philodromus. Eyes of

posterior row equidistant. Lateral anterior eyes equidistant between the central anteriors and central

sf 2

132 ARANEIDEA.

posteriors, forming an equilateral triangle on each side, thus differing from Thanatus. Clypeus not higher

than the width of the central quadrangle. Legs ii. longer than legsi.; legs i. longer thaniv. Protarsi and

tarsi with scopuliform hairs beneath in the male, these being scarcely traceable in the female. Coxe iv.

wide apart.

This genus, which may eventually prove to be identical with Cleocnemis, E. Simon,

differs from Tibellus in the shortness of the carapace and the much less widely

separate posterior lateral eyes; from Philodromus in the more strongly recurved

posterior row of eyes, and in the fact that the eyes are themselves equidistant or the

centrals closer; and from Thanatus in the position of the lateral anterior eyes.

So far as the species which occur in Central America are concerned, I am unable to

tabulate the characters of the females of A. punctipes and A. distinctus, because the

type of the latter is immature. A male, which from its general characters undoubtedly

belongs to A. punctipes, bears so close a resemblance in the shape of the palpal organs

and the tibial spur to the type of A. maculatipes that I hesitate to separate them. The

type of A. maculatipes is, however, very much larger and has the palpi more strongly

developed. I strongly suspect that the male which appears to belong to A. punctipes

is a dwarf example of A. maculatipes; and if so, the two forms will be identical, and

the type of A. punctipes will be the female of A. maculatipes, of which the male only

is known. Figures of this dwarf specimen are given with those of A. maculatipes

under the name A. punctives. The two forms do not present nearly such striking

differences as sometimes occur between larger and smaller examples of identical species

in other groups—as, for instance, in the genus Drassodes of the European fauna.

1. Apollophanes punctipes. (Tab. IX. figg. 19,19 a,3; 20,9.)

Tibellus punctipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 79, t. 9. figg. 15,

15 a-c (?)’.

Apollophanes punctipes, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 252°.

Thanatus punctiger, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 88, t. 11. figg. 12, 12a-c (¢)*.

Type 7. punctipes, 2, total length 7 millim.; type 7. punetiger, 2, total length 8-25 millim.; deuterotype *

T. punctipes, S, total length 4:5 millim.: in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (HZ. H. Smith ?) ; GUATEMALA, between Sibacapo

and ‘Tajulla!, Chiacam in Vera Paz * (Sarg); Costa Rica, San José (Tristan).

2. Apollophanes maculatipes. (Tab. IX. figg. 21, 21a, d, 3.)

Philodromus maculatipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 118, t. 15. figg. 14,

14a-e (d)’.

Thanatus longipes, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 168, t. 21. figg. 12, 12 a-c (g)*.

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo !, Omilteme 2 (H. H. Smith).

* I consider it advisable to distinguish the forms, of either sex, ascribed, as its sexual complement, by the

author to his original type, by using the terms androtype and gynetype, for male or female complement

respectively. The term deuterotype is used to designate a complement, of either sex, ascribed by one who is

APOLLOPHANES.—TIBELLUS. 133

3. Apollophanes distinctus.

Apollophanes distinctus,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 290, t. 32. fig. 2(?)'.

Type, 2, immature, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5-75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith ').

TIBELLUS.

Tibellus, E. Simon, Araign. Fr. ii. p. 307 (1875).

Type 7’. oblongus (Walck.). Europe.

Carapace much longer than broad. Posterior row of eyes very strongly recurved. Posterior centrals much

closer to each other than to the laterals, these with the anterior centrals forming an isolated transverse

ovalgroup. Lateral anteriors equidistant from anterior and posterior centrals. Central quadrangle much

longer than broad, only slightly narrower in front. Clypeus as high as the length of the central

quadrangle. Protarsi and tarsi scopulate beneath. Coxe iv. closely situate. Legs iii. much shorter

than iv.

1. Tibellus affinis. (Tab. IX. fig. 23, 2.)

Tibellus affinis,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 252, t. 31. figg. 11, lla-d(¢)’.

Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

Subfam. MZISUMENINA.

Mandibles without teeth on the margins of the fang-groove. Tarsi more or less cylindrical, not compressed,

nor furnished with claw-tufts or spatuliform hairs, only with very slight tufts of simple hairs, Colulus

present, but very minute. Tarsi i. and ii. not scopulate beneath. Legs iii. and iv. shorter, as a rule

much shorter, than i. and ii.

The following Table includes the more readily observed characters differentiating the

genera of this subfamily :—

AA. Legs i. and ii. entirely devoid of spines, except beneath the tibia

and protarsi. Protarsi i. and ii. with from 6-10 pairs of spines

beneath, but no lateral spines, except occasionally a single one.

I. Ocular area exhibiting a more or less distinct angular prominence

projecting from between the lateral eyes on each side.

A. Central quadrangle longer than broad, not narrower in front. ([Prstius, E. Sim.]

B. Central quadrangle broader than long, narrower in front.

a. Lateral angle much more prominent, apex acute. Lateral

anterior eyes not larger than central anteriors. Clypeus

higher, equal to four diameters of an anterior central eye.

(Central anteriors much nearer to each other than to the

laterals.) 2. 0. 0. ee ee ee eee ee) e)6THOMISUS, Walck.

b. Lateral angle much less prominent, apex obtuse. Lateral

anterior eyes distinctly larger than central anteriors.

not the author of the type. A cotype (or syntype) can only refer to specimens of the same sex as the original

type, taken at the same time and in the same locality.

134 ARANEIDEA.

Clypeus lower, two to two and a quarter diameters of an

anterior central eye.

1. Central anteriors distinctly further from each other than

from the laterals. Posterior row almost straight . . MUISUMENOIDES, gen. nov.

2. Central anteriors much closer to each other than to the

laterals. Posterior row more strongly recurved. . . [Runcinia, E. Sim.]

WI. Ocular area not exhibiting any distinct angular prominence

between the lateral eyes. (Lateral eyes not separated on

distinct tubercles, but united by a convex ridge. Posterior

row less strongly recurved. Posterior laterals not larger than

posterior centrals.)

i, Lateral anterior eyes not larger than central anteriors.

Posterior centrals and laterals distinctly smaller than central

anteriors . . . 1 2. 1 ew ee ee ee ee ee) 6M isuueena, Latr.]

ii. Lateral anterior eyes distinctly larger than central anteriors.

Posterior eyes not smaller than anterior centrals . . . . MuIsuMENops, gen. nov.

BB. Legs i. and ii. spinose, the femora as well as the tibize and protarsi,

the latter furnished with lateral spines as well as with a paired

series beneath. Protarsi i. and ii. with from 3-5 pairs of

spines only beneath, and usually 3 lateral spines on each

side. (Lateral eyes seated on two distinct tubercles; posterior

row of eyes strongly recurved; posterior laterals distinctly

larger than the centrals.)

A. Lateral anterior tubercle larger than the posterior. Clypeus

almost vertical.

i. Legs much longer in proportion; tibie and protarsi i. and ii.

each much longer than the carapace. (Central posteriors

closer together than to the laterals; central quadrangle a

little longer than broad, J, or as long as broad, ?.) . . . [Drama, Thor.]

ii. Legs shorter in proportion; tibie and protarsi i. and ii. each

shorter than the carapace.

a. Tarsal claws i. and i. with from 3-6 denticles.

1. Legs longer and more slender; tibiz i. and ii. with five

pairs of spines beneath ; protarsi i. and ii. with five pairs

beneath and three lateral spines on each side. (Femora

more spinose than in Ozyptila, especially in the male

sex. Females with three distinct erect spines on the

upper surface of the femora, besides others. Eyes of

posterior row either equidistant, centrals nearer together,

or further apart.) . . 2. . . 1. . 1...) . « )e )6Xysticus, C. Koch.

2. Legs shorter and stouter. Tibia i. and ii. with 2—2

(Oxyptila) or 8—8 (Bassania) spines; protarsi i. and ii.

with 3—3 (Oxyptila) or 4—4 (Bassania) stout spines

beneath, and one or more lateral spines. (Central

posterior eyes closer to each other than to the laterals.)

MISUMENIN~. 135

* Central quadrangle not longer than broad. Femora

i. and ii. spinose, as in Xysticus. Tibize i. and ii.

with 3—3 spines; protarsi i. and il. with 4—4

spines beneath and 3—3 lateral spines. Carapace

compressed, quite flat in the region of the thoracic

stria . . . 2 ew ee ee ee ee eS)SCBasssanta, O. P.-Cambr.

** Central quadrangle much longer than broad (in the

type of the genus). Femora i. and i. scarcely

spinose, with one spine or none. Tibie i. and il.

with 2—2 spines; protarsi i. and ii. with 3—3 spines

and sometimes one lateral spine on the other side.

Carapace not compressed, quite convex in the region

of the thoracic stria . . . . . 2)... ))06LOxyprina, O. P.-Cambr. ]

6, Tarsal claws i. and i. with from 10-12 denticles.

* Central quadrangle narrower in front. Eyes of anterior

row almost equidistant ; anterior row almost straight,

the anterior margins of the laterals falling just in front

of the middle of the centrals. Labium twice as long

as broad; maxille less elongate, somewhat dilate at

the apex toe ew ew we ee ee) «CUS NEMA, E. Sim.

** Central quadrangle not narrower in front, if anything

broader. Central anteriors distinctly further from

each other than from the laterals. Anterior margin

of the laterals aligned with the posterior margin of the

centrals. Labium three times as long as broad.

Maxille distinctly more elongate and not dilate at

the apex . . . . .

B. Lateral anterior tubercle smaller than the posterior. Clypeus

and mandibles obliquely porrected, upwards and forwards . . Tmarus, E. Sim.

PaRaSYNEMA, gen, nov.

The above-mentioned characters and the more complete generic diagnoses given

below are taken from specimens of the female sex. The distinction drawn by

M. E. Simon [Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 970] between the Misumenee and Diez

on the ground of the separation or otherwise of the lateral eye-tubercles cannot be

retained, for the males of Miswmenops have the lateral eyes situated upon two distinct

tubercles, while those of the female are nearly similar to those of Miswmena.

Indeed, the position of the eyes and the character of the ocular group will probably

prove quite unreliable in separating the genera of the Thomiside; for instance, we

have the carina across the ocular group characteristic of Runcinia present in a species

which is obviously close to Oxyptila. With regard to the making of new genera in

these groups, there is only the other alternative of merging all the existing ones

together.

It is extremely probable that all the Misumenoid forms, including Pistius, Thomisus,

136 ARANEIDEA,

and Diea, will some day be merged under the genus Thomisus, while the others, such

as Synema, Orxyptila, &c., will run together under Xysticus.

The genera Pistius, Misumena, Oxyptila, and Dica are not, so far as the material at

hand is concerned, represented in Central America.

THOMISUS.

Thomisus, Walckenaer, Tabl. Aran. p. 28 (1805).

Type 7. albus (Gmelin). Africa.

Anterior row of eyes strongly recurved (less so in 7’. albus and 7’. onustus) ; eyes not equidistant, centrals

much closer, equal in size. Posterior row very slightly recurved; eyes not equidistant, centrals much

further apart, equal in size, slightly smaller than those of anterior row. Central quadrangle much broader

than long, much narrower in front. Clypeus vertical, very high, equal to at least four diameters of an

anterior central eye. Ocular area produced into a stout conical tubercle between the lateral eyes.

Protarsi i. with six pairs, ii. with four pairs of spines beneath. Tibi i. and ii. with one or two pairs

of spines towards their apex beneath. (These spines vary in number.)

The above diagnosis is drawn from an adult female of 7. albus.

1. Thomisus odiosus.

Thomisus odiosus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Ceutr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 271, t. 34. figg. 5, 5a-d({¢)*.

Type, ¢, total length 2-25 millim.*

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

[PISTIUS.

Fistius, E. Simon, Araign. Fr. ii. p. 257 (1875).

Type P. truncatus (Pallas), Europe.

Anterior row of eyes strongly recurved; eyes almost equidistant, laterals distinctly larger. Posterior row

straight ; centrals closer to each other than to the laterals, equal in size. Central quadrangle longer than

broad, not narrower in front. Clypeus vertical, very high, equal to over four diameters of an anterior

central eye. Ocular area only slightly produced into a low rounded cone between the lateral eyes. Legs

more spinose than in Thomisus.

The characters of this genus have been given for the sake of comparison.

[Tab. IX. figg. 24, 24a(9)].J

MISUMENOIDES, gen. nov.

Type M. magnus (Keys.) = signatus (O. P.-Cambr.). Central America.

Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved, posterior margins of centrals cutting a line tangential with anterior

margins of laterals ; eyes not equidistant, centrals distinctly further apart, laterals distinctly larger than

centrals. Posterior row very slightly recurved, almost straight ; eyes not equidistant, centrals distinctly

further apart; eyes equal in size. Central quadrangle much broader than long, distinctly narrower in

front; eyes subequal.

Clypeus vertical, equal to one and a half diameters of an anterior central eye. Ocular area produced into a

blunt conical tubercle between the lateral eyes; distinctly ridged through the centre.

These generic characters are drawn from the adult female.

* The type of this species cannot now be found in the Godman and Salvin collection.

MISUMENOIDES. 15

Males.

A. Tibi and protarsi i. and ii. with one or two pairs of moderately

stout spines on the underside.

1. Tibize of legs i, and ii. parallel-sided, normal, not incrassate. Legs

i, and ii. unicolorous, brown or black throughout.

a. Tibial spur of palpus long, straight, attenuate, and simple

towards the apex. Lower spur short and stout . . . . . magnus, Keys.

6. Tibial spur short, enlarged at base, terminating in a short sharp

spur directed slightly outward. Lower spur longer and

curving upward . . . . 1 1 ew ew we ew ee ee patrvus, Keys.

il. Tibi of legs i. and li. incrassate. Legs i. and ii. black, tarsi and

apex of protarsi pale.

a. Tibize i. and ii. more incrassate. Abdomen orange, margined

with dusky brown and with transverse brown bars on the

posterior half of the dorsal area. Tibial spur long, broad,

concavely truncate at the apex, the lower spur long and

curved . 2... we eee ee ee eee Cttbialis, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Tibize i. and 11. less incrassate. Abdomen black, speckled with

white. Tibial spur similar. . . . .. . . . . . depressus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibiz and protarsi i. and 11. without any spines, or with one or two

very fine ones beneath.

a. Central anterior eyes distinctly smaller than the laterals. Legs

i. and i. brown ; tarsi, base of protarsi, and tibiz paler. Tibial

spur not. bifid; long, broad, its upper angle produced into a

curving point. . . . Lee . . . . annulipes, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Central anterior eyes distinctly larger than the laterals. Legs

i. and ii. entirely brown throughout. Tibial spur very broad,

divided into two branches, the upper one sharp, the lower

squarely truncate at the apex. . . 2. 1... 1. ©). tfissus, sp. n.

Females.

A. Tibiz and protarsi i. and ii. not incrassate; spines on underside

shorter, straighter, and not so stout, nor articulated on a more

or less distinct ridge. Transverse ridge through the ocular area

straighter and more pronounced. Tarsi iii. and iv. more clavate.

Sternum longer than broad. Width of carapace equal to length

of femur 1.

i. Vulva consisting of a more or less prominent obtuse convex tubercle

anteriorly.

a. Carapace with a broad lateral brown band. Patelle i. and ii.

not entirely brown, but mottled above and on sides with

brown. Extreme base of tibia, protarsi, and tarsi suffused

with brown. The obtuse convex tubercle at anterior margin

of the vulva having a small deep pit in the centre and a

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IT., June 1900. tf

138 ARANEIDEA.

shallower pit on the side of cach anterior shoulder. The

spermathece lie posteriorly, one on each side of a long narrow

pale wedge-shaped area, each being marked with a black

chitinous spot . 6 6 ee ee ee et ee MAGNUS.

b. Carapace similar, but in the type specimen very dark, leaving a

small bright heart-shaped yellow spot in centre. Patelle

i. and ii, entirely pale. Apical half of protarsi i. and il.

strongly annulate with brown. Tibie and tarsi i. and i.

more or less suffused with brown. Vulva very similar to

that of M. maynus, but less well developed . . . . + « parvus.

ii. Vulva consisting of a broad deep concavity.

a. Patella i. and ii. entirely dark brown. Extreme base and apical

third of tibie, extreme base and apical half of protarsi, and

whole of tarsi dark brown . . . 2. ee aw ew ee ee) Olandus, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Protarsi and tarsii. andii. brown . . . . . . « + +). (Sagittatus, O. P.-Cambr.

c. Legs entirely yellow . Rone ee seer luteus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibiee and protarsi i. and ii. incrassate ; spines on underside longer,

stouter, curved, articulated on a more or less distinct ridge on each

side of the segment beneath. ‘Transverse ridge through ocular

area less pronounced and more concave, seen from in front.

Tarsi iii. and iv. cylindrical. Sternum nearly circular. Width

of carapace one-fourth shorter than femur 1.

i. Carapace deep mahogany-brown, with a broken yellow line down

the centre and a fainter line on each side. Femora i. and i.

brown, speckled with white. Patella and tibie darker; pro-

tarsi and tarsi pale brown. Abdomen black, speckled with

white . 2. 0. 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee eee) depress.

ii. Carapace and legs similar. Abdomen much paler. Vulva

similarly formed in both species. . . . rugosus,O. P.-Cambr.; vigilans, O. P.-Cambr.*

Nors.—The differences in the coloration of the above forms are not entirely reliable. The vulva, too,

varies very much within certain limits. M. signatus (O. P.-Cambr.) and M. propinquus (O. P.-Cambr.) are

both identical with M. magnus (Keys.). I have also no doubt that 1M. blandus, M. sagittatus, and M. luteus

(O. P.-Cambr.) belong to the same species ; and it is even possible that, considering the variability of the form

of the vulva, these may all be identical with M. magnus (Keys.), being simply dwarf or not fully developed

forms. At any rate, the males described under M. blandus (O. P.-Cambr.) are identical with the same sex of

M. magnus (Keys.), of which the type is before me. The female described under M. depressus (O. P.-Cambr.)

is simply a shrivelled example of M. rugosus (O. P.-Cambr.); Mf. vigilans is an undeveloped female of the same

form. It appears to me highly probable that the males described under M. tibialis (O. P.-Cambr.) really

belong to M. rugosus (O. P.-Cambr.), while, except for a slight difference in the incrassation of tibie i. and ii.

I cannot distinguish the male of M. tubialis from that of M. depressus. The type (3) of M. vigilans cannot

now be found.

* An immature female.

MISUMENOIDES. 139

1. Misumenoides vigilans.

Runcinia vigilans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 72, t. 9. figg. 4, 4a,6 (8),

5,5a-c(¢)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin *. Total length, 3 2°5, 2 4°5 millim.

Hab. GvuATEMALA, Chicoyoito (Sarg ').

The unique female is undoubtedly an immature form of IM. rugosus (O. P.-Cambr.).

The male very probably belongs to the same species.

2. Misumenoides tibialis. (Tab. IX. fig. 25, 3.)

Runcinia tibialis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 73, t. 10. figg. 3,

3a-c(¢)".

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion').

3. Misumenoides blandus. (Tab. IX. fig. 26, ¢.)

Runcinia blanda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 74, t. 10. figg. 2, 2a (2)?

(nec ¢).

Runcinia sagittata, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 77, t. 10. figg. 7, 7a, 6 (2?) ?.

Runcinia lutea, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 78, t. 9. figg. 18, 13 4,5 (¢)’.

Type of R. blanda, 2, R. sagittata, 2, and FR. lutea, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length of

R. blanda, 2, 7 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Montafia de Chilasco (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba!?, Volcan de

Chiriqui! (Champion).

The males are identical with those of MZ. magnus (Keys.).

4, Misumenoides rugosus.

Runcinia rugosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 75, t. 9. figg. 16,

16 a, b ( ? ) ‘.

Runcinia depressa, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 75, t. 10. figg.5,5a(9)*.

Runcinia vigilans, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 72, t. 9. figg. 5, 5 a-c (2) °.

Type of R. rugosa, 2, R. vigilans, 2, and R. depressa, Q , in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion); Guatemaua, Chiacam, Petet, Coban, Chicoyoito

(Sarg °°). |

5. Misumenoides depressus.

Runcinia depressa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 75, t. 10. figg. 4,

A4a-c (g) (nec 3)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢, 3 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Chiacam, Petet, Coban (Sarg ').

The female belongs to I. rugosus (O. P.-Cambr.), see sp. no. 4.

* That of the male cannot now be found.

140 ARANEIDEA.

6. Misumenoides magnus. (Tab. IX. figg. 27, ¢ ; 28, 284, 6, 2.)

Runcinia magna, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 125, t. 2. figg. 69, 69 a (3 ¢) (1880) *.

Runcinia blanda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 74, t. 10. figg. 1, 1 a-e (3)

(nec 9) °.

Runcinia signata, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 76, t. 9. figg. 6, 6a-d (?)°.

Runcinia propinqua, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 77, t. 10. figg. 6, 6a, 6 (2) *.

Type of R. magna in coll. Keyserling, in Mus. Brit.; of R. dubia, 2, R. signata, Q, and R. propinqua, 9,

in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length of Keyserling’s types, ¢ 4, 2 9°8 millim.

Hab. Mextco!; Guvatemata, Cahabon, Chicoyoito (Sarg?%); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion +)—CotomBra }.

7. Misumenoides parvus. (Tab. IX. fig. 29, 3.)

Runcinia parva, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 122, t. 2. figg.68 (¢), 68a (?)*; N. Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 264°.

Type, 3, gynetype 2, in col]. Keyserling, Mus. Brit. Total length, ¢ 2-4, 2 8:3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic 7.—Cotomsia !.

8. Misumenoides annulipes. (Tab. IX. fig 30, ¢.)

Runcinia annulipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 78, t. 9. figg. 14,

14.a-c (3)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico (H. H. Smith); GuaTeMata, Guatemala city (Sarg 1).

9. Misumenoides bifissus, sp.n. (‘lab. IX. fig. 31, ¢.)

Total length, ¢, 3°75 millim.

Hab. GuateMata (Sarg).

‘This species is of the same general character in size, structure, and coloration as

M. annulipes (O. P.-Cambr.), but the first two pairs of legs are entirely brown and

there are no pale annulations. The slightly larger anterior central eyes and the broad

bifid tibial spur of the palpus of the male will serve to distinguish VM. bifissus.

[RUNCINIA.

Runcinia, E. Simon, Araign. Fr. 11. p. 254 (1875).

Type R. lateralis (C. Koch). Europe.

Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved ; laterals not much, but distinctly larger than centraJs. Centrals much

closer together than to the laterals. Posterior row recurved, centrals further from each other than from

the laterals. Central quadrangle broader than long, narrower in front. Clypeus equal to about three

diameters of an anterior central eye. Ocular area produced into a rounded conical prominence between

the lateral eyes. Legs i. and ii. almost devoid of spines, except beneath tibiee and protarsi i. and ii.

Runcinia having been incorrectly recorded from Central America, it has been

considered advisable to give its characters here, for the sake of comparison; they are —

drawn from an adult female of &. lateralis. (Tab. IX. figg. 32, 32 a.)]

MISUMENA. —MISUMENOPS. 141

[MISUMENA.

Misumena, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. xxiv. p. 185 (1804).

Type M. vatia (Clerck). Europe.

Ocular area not exhibiting any distinct angular prominence between the lateral eyes. Legs i. and ii. almost

entirely devoid of spines, except beneath tibize and protarsi i. and ii. Lateral eyes not separated on

distinct tubercles, but united by a convex ridge. Posterior laterals not larger than posterior centrals.

Posterior row only moderately recurved. Lateral anteriors not larger than central anteriors. Posterior

eyes, centrals and laterals, distinctly smaller than central anteriors.

The characters of this genus also are inserted for the purposes of comparison, and

are drawn from an adult female of M. vatia. (Tab. IX. figg. 33, 33 a-d.)|

MISUMENOPS, gen. nov.

Misumena, Keyserling, Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 78 (part.) (1880).

Type M. maculisparsus (Keys.). Taguara.

Similar to the typical Miswmene, except that (in the female) the anterior row of eyes is less strongly recurved,

so that a line touching the anterior margin of the laterals would fall slightly within the posterior margin

of the centrals (in Miswmena vatia this line would fall outside a distance of almost half a diameter of a

central eye). The lateral anteriors are distinctly larger than the central anteriors. Posterior eyes not

smaller than the central anteriors, and the posterior row is more strongly recurved than in Misumena.

The males differ from those of Miswmena in all the above respects, as well as in the fact that the lateral eyes

are on two more distinctly separate tubercles. In some species the legs are much longer in proportion

than they are in the typical form, Misumena vatia. The males of Miswmenops resemble those of the

typical Diew more than do the females, the only differences being that the lateral posterior eyes are

larger than the centrals in Diea, whereas in Misumenops they are of the same size, and the central

anteriors in the latter are closer together than to the laterals ; in the former genus they are further apart

than to the laterals.

This is purely a genus of convenience, standing between Misumena and Dica,

instituted to avoid the necessity of lumping these and several other genera together.

In this connection it is significant that Keyserling referred some of the species

included in the present genus to Misumena (maculisparsa, rosea, Keys.) and some to

Dicea (guianensis, Tacz., and damnosa, spinosa, and pallida, Keys.).

The following Table includes only those species whose types I have been able to

examine. It is possible, though | think improbable, that the females of some of them

are indistinguishable by the form of the vulva from others. At any rate, Miswmena

pallens and M. americana, Keys., and M. pascalis and M. conjuncta, O. P.-Cambr.,

are either respectively one and the same species, or else the form of the vulva is no

criterion of specific distinctness :—

Males.

A. Apex of the spine of the palpal bulb lying in a concave emargination

of the outer side of the tarsal sheath.

1. Spine very broad at the base, compressed, ensiform.

a. Spine very stout and laminate at the base and broad, though

gradually tapering, to the apex; spiraloid. ‘Tibial spur very

long, cylindrical, stout. 2. . 6 1 6 ee ew ee ee Sptralis, sp. n.

142 ARANEIDEA.

6. Spine much less stout, not so spiraloid, nor laminate at its base;

its terminal convolution lying on a flattened disc of the bulb,

whose plane is at a right angle to the face-plane of the bulb.

Tibial spur shorter, concave on the outer side, terminating in

a slender curving spine (similar in this respect to M. spinosus). volutus, sp. n.

2. Spine simple at its base, filiform, very short, its terminal convolu-

tion small and lying in a shallow concavity of the tarsal sheath.

Tibial spur shorter, broad, slightly tricuspidate, the apex blunt . prosper, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Apex of spine of bulb lying upon (adpressed) the tarsal sheath, not

within a concavity. The terminal spine long (much longer than in

M. brevispinus), springing from the inner side of the bulb at its

middle point; the terminal convolution larger. Tibial spur

terminating in a short curving stout spine. . . . . . . . . spinosus, Keys.

females.

A. Vulva with a convex hood-like chitinous rim along the anterior margin.

1. Convex anterior rim much narrower longitudinally, but longer

transversely, with respect to the abdomen.

a. Separable only by the form of the vulva (see Tab. X. fig. 1) . . [georgianus, Keys.]

b. Separable only by the form of the vulva (see Tab. X. fig. 100) . dubius, Keys.

2. Convex rim much narrower transversely and longer longitudinally.

a. Vulva with a pair of very large spiraloid fovez, one on each side

just behind the anterior convex rim . . » + + « « damnosus, Keys.

. Vulva without large spiraloid fovee, but with the usual pair of

small ones close to the posterior margin . . . . . « . «© pascalis, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Vulva without hood-like rim, but with a small rectangular or semi-

circular chitinous plate anteriorly. . . . . . . « « « « « americanus, Keys.

Nore.— MM. georgianus (Keys.) has not yet been taken in Central America but will most likely occur there,

if it indeed be not, as I strongly suspect, the female of M. volutus. A figure of the vulva is given for com-

parison (Tab. X. fig. 1).

1. Misumenops spiralis, sp.n. (Tab. X. fig. 2, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5 millim,

Colour similar to that of M. volutus, but the carapace has two distinct brown bands on each side of the central

line. Palpus: tarsus broad, tibial spur long and stout, palpal spine stout, ensiform, laminated at the

base, taking a circular spiraloid curve to its apex.

Hab. Guatemat.a (Sarg).

2. Misumenops volutus, sp.n. (Tab. X. fige. 8, 3a, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5 millim.

Carapace, mandibles, palpi, and legs yellow. Apical fourth of tibie i. and ii., apical third of protarsi i. and

ii., and tarsus suffused with light red-brown. Sides of carapace also red-brown. Abdomen ochre-yellow,

with cretaceous-white spots. Anterior half of the central dorsal area suffused with umber-brown,

followed to the spinners by a pair of narrow broken brown bars, converging distally. These bands are

composed of a number (6 or 7) of irregular spots, each with a pale oval pearl-like dot in the middle.

MISUMENOPS. 143

The whole body is clothed with scattered spines.

2, immature, similarly coloured, but without the annulations on legs i, and ii., and in many cases the

abdomen is much more generally suffused with brown.

Palpus of male exceedingly like that of MZ. rosews (Keys.), but differing thus: the spine at the apex of the

bulb curves over and lies flat on a disc at a right angle to the face-plane of the bulb. (In M. roseus the

spine is stouter and the tarsus is altogether much larger in proportion.) |The tarsus is also larger in the

present species, the tibial spur is longer and stouter, the palpal spine is much stouter and laminate at

its base. In JV. spinosus the spine is filiform, not ensiform at its base, and the apex does not lie within

a concavity of the tarsal sheath; while in J. prosper the spine is quite short.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

No adult females unfortunately were taken, but several immature examples. It is

highly probable that this will prove to be the male of MW. qeorgianus (Keys.), but the

type of that species being a female, it is impossible to come to any definite conclusion

as yet on the point.

3. Misumenops prosper. (Tab. X. fige. 4, 4a, ¢.)

Synema prosper, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 213, t. 26. figg. 13,

13 a-e( &@)".

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Colour the same as in M. volutus and M. spiralis, except that the suffusion on protarsi i. and ii. extends

almost over the whole segment and the tarsi are not suffused. The abdomen is almost unicolorous

yellow-ochre. The legs of the first pair are much longer in proportion in this species than in those

preceding. Palpus: tibial spur short, broad, somewhat concave on the outer side, obtusely pointed,

with an angle about the middle of the outer margin. The palpal spine is very short, its apex taking a

small circular curve and lying in a shallow concavity in the outer margin of the tarsal sheath.

Hab. Guatemata, Cubilguitz (Sarg ').

4, Misumenops damnosus. (Tab. X. figg. 5, 5a, 2.)

Diea damnosa, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 114, t. 2. fig. 63 (?)'; N. Banks, Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 264°.

Misumena pallida, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 86, t. 11. figg. 10,

10 a-c (2)’.

Misumena particeps, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 103, t. 14. figg. 1, la-c (¢)*.

Type of M. pallida, Q, and of M. particeps, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total lengths, 8 and 9 millim.;

of D. damnosa, in coll. E. Simon, 7-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico! (Dugés), Tepic?; GuareMata, Coban (Sarg+); Panama, Veraguas

(Boucard *).

Not having seen the type of Diwa damnosa, Keys., one is not able to be absolutely

sure of the identity of this species with Misumena pallida, O. P.-Cambr. If not

identical, the name particeps must be used for the Central-American form, since Diwa

pallida, Keys., from Colombia, belongs also to the genus Misumenops. Our figures

are taken from the type of Misumena particeps, O. P.-Cambr.

144 ARANEIDEA.

5. Misumenops spinosus. (Tab. X. fig. 6, 2.)

Misumena spinosa, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 81, t. 2. fig. 42 (od) -

Diea spinigera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 241, t. 33. figg’ 16,

16 a-e (¢) ’.

Type, ¢, of M. spinosa, in coll. Keyserling, in Mus. Brit.; that of D. spinigera in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length of MZ. spinosa 3:4 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Georgia and Florida 1—Mextico, ‘Teapa in Tabasco (H. H.

Smith *).

6. Misumenops pascalis. (Tab. X. fig. 7, 2.)

Misumena pascalis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 89, t. ll. figg. 6,

6 a-c (?) (1891)’.

Misumena conjuncta, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. i. p. 86, t. 11. figg. 7, 7a-e (2).

Misumena asperata (Hentz ?), E. Simon, P. Z. S. 1897, p. 876 (3 2)*:

Type of M. pascalis, 9, and of M. conjuncta, 2 , in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total lengths 7 and 5°5 millim.

Specimens, ¢ and 9, identified by E. Simon as M, asperata (Hentz), in Mus. Brit.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion 1), Veraguas (Boucard ?)—ANTILLES, St. Vincent °.

Misumena pascalis, O. P.-Cambr., M. conjuncta, O. P.-Cambr., and MM. asperata,

Hentz (sec. Sim.), are identical, so far as the female sex is concerned. No males have

as yet been assigned to the first two forms. Simon’s identifications of the male and

female of M. asperata are, however, before me, as also are the female type of

M. georgiana, Keys., and the male type of M. spinosa, Keys. The last-mentioned

is not identical with the male of MW. asperata (Hentz), Sim.; nor is JM. georgiana,

Keys., like the female of JM. asperata (Hentz), Sim. He is therefore wrong in

referring the last two forms to his identification of Mf. asperata, Hentz.

I have no means of ascertaining what the true WM. asperata, Hentz, is, nor does

Simon give any information which might incline one to place confidence in his

identification.

7. Misumenops americanus. (Tab. X. figg. 8, 8 a, 2; 9, 9 a, var. ?

pallens, 2 .)

Misumena americana, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 85, t. 2. fig. 44 (2) (1880) °.

Misumena pallens, Keys. loc. cit. p. 96, t. 2. figg. 52, 52a (2).

Misumena americana (Keys.), E. Simon, P. Z.8. 1897, p. 876 (¢ ¢) *.

Type of M. americana, 2 , and of M. pallens, 2 , in Mus. Brit. Total length 6-8—7°5 millim.

Hab. Norte America, Southern United States.— GuaTemMaLa, Vera Paz!. —

CotomBiA!; Braziu!; Peru!; Awnritues, St. Vincent ! 3,

Keyserling gives two figures of the vulva of his Misumena pallens. The first

figure (52) and the type from which it was taken are identical with the type of

MISUMENOPS. 145

M. americana, in which the chitinous plate is rectangular, and not semicircular as in

M. pallens. Amongst the specimens identified by KE. Simon as VM. americana, Keys.,

from St. Vincent, are examples with the rectangular plate and others with a deeply

emarginate semicircular plate. Of this latter form there is also in the Godman and

Salvin collection an example from Guatemala. It is quite possible that these three

forms of vulva belong to one and the same species and equally possible that they

do not. It entirely depends on the constancy of the differences and some distinctive

character in the males. We give figures of the vulva of M. americana (figg. 8, 8 a)

and JM, pallens, Keys. (figg. 9, 9 a), for comparison.

8. Misumenops dubius. (Tab. X. fige. 10, 10a, 4, 2.)

Misumena dubia, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 90, t. 2. fig. 48 (¢)*; N. Banks, Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 261%.

Misumena ornata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 119, t. 15. figg. 11,

11 a-c (2), fig. 13 (@ var.) °.

Type, 2, of M. dubia, Keys., in coll. Keyserling, Mus. Brit. Total length 9°7 millim.

Type, 2, of M. ornata, O. P.-Cambr., in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico1, Hacienda de la Imagen and Amula, both in Guerrero (H. H.

Sinith *), 'Tepic ?.

The figures of the eyes are taken from the type of WZ. ornata, that of the vulva from

the type of I. dubia.

9. Misumenops mexicanus.

Misumena mexicana, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 89, t. 2. fig. 47 (2)'; N. Banks, Proc. Calif.

Acad, Sci. (3) i. p. 261°.

Type, @, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 5:2 millim.

Hab. Mexico}, Tepic °.

I have not seen a specimen of this or of the following species.

10. Misumenops gracilis.

Misumena gracilis, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 92, t. 2. fig. 49 (?)'; N. Banks, Proc. Calii.

Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 2617.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 8-2 millim.

Hab. Mexico 1, Tepic ?.

11. Misumenops splendens.

Misumena splendens, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 93, t. 2. fig. 50 (?)*s

Type, @,in coll. E. Simon. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico}.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1900. vy

146 ARANEIDEA.

12. Misumenops modestus.

Misumena modesta, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 262, t. 16. fig. 1 (¢) *.

Type, 2, in Mus. San Francisco. Total length 5-6-5 millim.

Hab. Norvu America, California !—Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas '.

13. Misumenops consuetus.

Misumena consueta, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 262, t. 16. fig. 4 (?)°.

Type, 2, in Mus. San Francisco. Total length 4°6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic 1. .

[DLEA.

Diea, Thorell, Europ. Spid. p. 184 (1869-70).

Type D. dorsata (Fabr.). Europe.

Legs i. and ii. with the femora spinose, as well as the tibie and protarsi. Tibia and protarsi with lateral

spines, as well as the paired spines beneath. Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved ; posterior laterals

distinctly larger than the centrals. Lateral anteriors much larger than the centrals. Lateral eyes

seated on two distinct tubercles, of which the anterior tubercles are the larger. Clypeus almost vertical.

Tibie and protarsi i. and ii. much longer than the carapace. Central posteriors closer together than to

the laterals. Central quadrangle a little longer than broad ( 3) or as long as broad ( @ ).

These characters are inserted for the sake of comparison and are drawn from an

adult female of D. dorsata. |

XYSTICUS.

Xysticus, C. Koch, in Herrich-Schiaffer’s Deutsch]. Ins. 1835, p. 129.

Type X. cristatus (Clerck). Europe.

Legs i. and ii. with the femora spinose, as well as the tibie and protarsi. Tibia i. and ii. with five pairs of

spines beneath, protarsi with five pairs and three lateral spines on each side. Tarsi i. and ii. with from

three to six denticles, and with two rows of bristles beneath, as in Miswmena. Femur i. with three very

distinct spines on the upper surface, besides others. Body clothed with bristles or spines. The legs of

the male much more spinose than those of the female.

Eyes of the posterior row equidistant (or sometimes the centrals closer). Central quadrangle broader than long

(often as broad as long), not narrower in front. Central anteriors further from each other than from the

laterals. Posterior row much more strongly recurved than the anterior.

It is scarcely possible in practice to separate this genus from Oxyptila, though the

type-species of the two genera are very distinct.

The above diagnosis is drawn from a female of X. cristatus (Clerck). In the

American forms which I have examined the ocular quadrangle is scarcely broader

than long, the central posteriors are distinctly closer, and the spines beneath the tibia

and protarsi 1. and ii. are fewer by one pair.

Of the species recorded from Central America, two, X. fissilis and X. orizaba,

described by N. Banks, are not known to me, while the type of X. advectus is not

mature: the characters of these cannot therefore be tabulated. The two others, of

which the adult males are known, can be separated as follows :—

XYSTICUS. 147

Males.

A. Central process of palpal bulb consisting of two separate branches

whose points converge, each spur-like branch taking a slightly spiral

curve. Both spurs from certain positions appear to form a kind of

forceps . . ... a . . pellax, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Central process of palpal bulb consisting of a single piece, each branch

being united in the centre, the points of these diverging and slightly .

recurved away fromeach other . . . . ....... . « facetus, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Vulva consisting of a deep oval cavity, its sides posteriorly somewhat

compressed, and more or less straight transversely behind. In the

centre of the cavity lies a longitudinal carina sloping gradually to the

floor of the cavity on each side . . . 2. «ew we ew ew ee pellax,

1. Xysticus advectus.

Xysticus advectus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 71, t. 9. figg. 12,

12a4(?)*.

Type, 2, immature, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim.

Hab. GuatTEMALA, Chicoyoito (Sarg 1).

I have no doubt that this immature example is the young of the female of X. pellaz.

Two adult examples of the latter occur in the collection before me, one of them being

in company with an adult male of X. pellax, taken at the same time and in the same

locality.

2. Xysticus pellax. (Tab. X. figg. 11, 3; 12, 2.)

Xysticus pellax, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 188, t. 17. figg. 14,

144a,6(¢)’.

Type d, and gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 5°75, 9° 6-25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith1); GuatemaLa, Guatemala city

(Stol/).

This form is very closely allied to X. ulmi, C. Koch, from Europe, but in the male

the bulb of the palpal organs has a thin chitinous plate lying close behind the central,

process, which is absent in the European form, and the spider is also larger. Although

there can be no reasonable doubt that the female, of which the vulva is here figured

for the first time and described in the Table, is identical with the type (2) of

X. advectus, yet one must refrain from making X. pellax a synonym of X. advectus,

because the type of the latter is not mature. |

The difficulties of identifying fully adult forms are sufficiently great, while absolute

certainty in the case of immature forms is not possible. Hence, when a form not fully

ut 2

148 ARANEIDEA.

adult is made the type of a species, the name given to it becomes a cumbrance on the

list, which can neither be omitted as a nomen nudum, nor can ever be satisfactorily

dealt with.

3. Xysticus facetus. (Tab. X. fig. 13, 3.) 7 |

Xysticus facetus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 179, t. 22. fige. 1,

la-e(g)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith 1).

4. Xysticus fissilis.

Aysticus fissilis, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 258, t. 16. fig. 5 (g) .

Type, ¢, in Mus. San Francisco. Total length 4°4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic }.

5. Xysticus orizaba.

XAysticus orizaba, N. Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 260, t. 16. fig. 6(¢ 9)’.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in Mus. San Francisco. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, California, Agua caliente !.—Mexico, Orizaba 1.

BASSANTA.

Bassania, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 249 (1898).

Type B. emula, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

This genus falls between Xysticus and Oxyptila, having the eye-formula of the first,

with the general appearance of the second. It is distinguishable from Xysticus by its

compressed carapace, not convex at the base of the cephalic area. The body is clothed

with a dense covering of stout spines, and the legs and spinulation of the tibiz and

protarsi i. and ii. are similar to those of Oxyptila.

1. Bassania emula.

Bassania emula, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 249, t. 31. figg. 5,

5a-f(?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith 1).

| [OXYPTILA.

Oxyptila, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. i. p. 489 (1864).

Type O. brevipes (Hahn). Europe.

Legs i. and ii. with the femora spinose, as well as the tibie and protarsi, the latter furnished with lateral

spines and also with a paired series of spines beneath. Lateral eyes seated on two distinct tubercles,

OXYPTILA.—SYNEMA. 149

the anterior tubercle being largest. Legs shorter, tibice and protarsi i. and ii. shorter than the carapace.

Tarsal claws i. and ii. with from 3-6 denticles. Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2 spines, protarsi i. and ii.

with 3—3 spines beneath, and one or more lateral spines. Lateral anterior eyes much larger than the

centrals. Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved, laterals distinctly larger than the centrals.

These characters are inserted for the sake of comparison and are drawn from an

adult female of O. brevipes. |

SYNEMA.

Synema *, E, Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. i. p. 433 (1864).

Synema, E. Simon, op. cit. ed. 2, i. p- 1036 (1895).

Type S. globosum (Fabr.). Europe.

This genus is very similar to Xysticus, but the denticles on the anterior tarsal claws

are much more numerous and the spines on the first pair of legs are much less

developed.

The following Table gives the characters of those species about which I have been

able to form a definite opinion. S. parvulum (Hentz) and S. eguinoctiale (Tacz.)

cannot be included, as I have not seen a specimen of either of them; that of

S. putum, O. P.-Cambr., is immature.

Females.

A. Vulva consisting of a single deep central fovea, with a pair

of circular spermathece near the posterior margin.

1. Anterior margin of fovea semicircular; posterior margin of

vulva chitinous.

a. Vulva with two small black spots immediately behind the

fovea. Abdomen with a single large black-brown apical

blotch which embraces the postero-lateral and ventral

areas; dorsal area with a very broad olive-brown ovate

band having a pair of small pale dots, transversely,

about the middle; carapace with broad faint brown

marginal band; annulations on legs paler. . . . . affnitatum, O. P.-Cambr.

}. Abdomen with ventral area almost devoid of black-brown,

dorsal area marked with black transverse blotches or

broken bands; annulations on legs much darker . . . Var. profugum,O.P.-Cambr.

2, Anterior margin of fovea more or less triangular.

a. Abdomen almost entirely black; dorsal area with a few

median-lateral orange blotches, the rest black. Carapace

dark brown . . ee ee ee we ew ee ee) «War. cultum, O. P.-Cambr.

}. Abdomen almost entirely devoid of dark brown blotches.

Carapace orange, with brown margins.

1. Dorsal area devoid of blotches; ventral, apical, and lateral:

areas deep brown. . - » © + + + + + + + + palliatum, O. P.-Cambr.

* The original spelling of this generic name has here been retained,

150 ARANEIDEA.

2. Dorsal area of abdomen with a pair of blotches situated

transversely at the middle immediately behind a pair of

paie spots ss es 2

B. Vulva without deep central fovea, but with a transverse variously

curved chitinous plate, followed posteriorly by a pair of duct-

orifices and a pair of spermathecal discs.

a. Spermathecal discs elongate, kidney-shaped, transversely

situated; chitinous plate slightly sinuous on its posterior

margin, duct-orifices immediately behind this margin.

Abdomen brown, more or less mottled, with a pair of

transversely situated shining white oval spots at the

middle of the dorsal] area . rr er

b. Spermathecal discs circular, smaller in proportion ; chitinous

plate deeply emarginate in the middle, in the form of

a horseshoe. Abdomen with a large black-brown apical

transverse blotch, extending laterally and branching to

the spinners; dorsal area yellow, with three transverse

rows of small black spots. . . . . © «© «

Males.

A. Bulb compressed, circular, encircled round its external margin

by a long slender filiform spine, its point terminating about

the middle of the outer side.

j. Abdomen entirely brown or black, mottled in black and pale

blotches, or almost entirely pale, but without two conspicuous

white spots.

a. Tibial spur long, slender, curved, its apex directed forwards .

b. Tibial spur shorter, straight, truncate at the apex. Base of

the tarsus of the palpus with a broad semitransparent

process on the outer side crossing in front of the tibial

spur we ee ee ee we ee ee

ii. Abdomen brown, with a pair of shining white dots, situated

transversely about the middle of the central dorsal line. Base

of tarsus of palpus with a sharp spiniform process on the

outer side crossing in front of the tibial spurs .

B. Bulb compressed, circular, but the spine stouter and more

flattened.

a. Spine very stout and flat, terminating at the apex of the bulb

in a broad bifid tip. Abdomen pale, with three rows of

four larger black spots and a transverse bar near the

spinners . 2 6 6 6 we et te we ew ew ew en

b. Spine stout, flat, sinuous and somewhat spiraloid, encirclin

only the central area of.the bulb, terminating about the

middle of the outer side in a stout blunt point .

dS.

Var. adjunctum, O. P.-Cambr.

bimaculatum, O. P.-Cambr.

maculosum.

affinitatum.

madidum, O. P.-Cambr.

bimaculatum.

maculosum, O. P.-Cambr.

socium, O. P.-Cambr.

SYNEMA. 151

I have little doubt myself that S. affinitatum, S. profugum, and S. cultum are merely

varieties of one and the same species, namely &. affinitatum, O. P.-Cambr. The semi-

circular anterior margin of the fovea is present with slight modifications in the females

of all of them. ‘The absence or obsolescence of the spermathecal discs and pair of duct-

orifices in some examples is due to various conditions of maturity and other causes.

Whether S. adjunctum may be a good species, I cannot say without a great deal

more material; in this species and in S. pal/iatum the spermathecal discs are closer

together, and the anterior margin of the fovea has lengthened and become acutely

triangular. This, however, may only be an individual variation ; for S. cudtwm offers us

an example of an intermediate stage. ‘The near approach of the sperm-discs would

directly follow from the elongation of the vulva.

S. affinitatum and S. palliatum have nevertheless been regarded as two possible

species, with the others as varieties of one or the other of these.

The females, types or gynetypes, of S. politum, S. interruptum, and S. putwm are

immature, so that no definite conclusion can be arrived at concerning them. I have

not the least doubt that the males, types, of S. politum and S. affinitatum are

identical forms. A figure of the eyes of the European type, S. globosum (Fabr.), is

added for comparison [‘lab. X. fig. 14 ( @ )].

1. Synema affinitatum, (Tab. X. figg. 15, 2; 16, var. cultwm, 2; 17, var.

politum, 3.)

Synema affinitata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 82, t. 10. figg. 12, 12 a-d

(o), 18,18 4,6 (¢)".

Var. Synema profuga, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 84, t. 11. figg. 3, 3a, 6 (?)°.

Var. Synema culta, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 119, t. 15. figg. 15, 15 a-c (¢)*.

Synema interrupta, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 120, t. 15. figg. 9, 9 a-d($), 10, 10a (¢)*.

Synema polita, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 241, t. 33. figg. 14, 14a-e (3), 15, 15a(¢)”.

Type 3, gynetype 2, of S. affinitatum: total length, ¢ 3:5, 2 7 millim.; type, 2, of S. profugum, total

length 5:75 millim.; type, 2, of S. culéwm, total length 5°75 millim.; type, d, of S. interruptum, total

length 4 millim.; type, d, of S. politwm, total length 3 millim.: all in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Mexico *, Atoyac in Vera Cruz ®, Teapa in Tabasco 4 (H. H. Smith) ; GUATEMALA,

Chiacam [ 2 ] and Cahabon [ ¢ ] in Vera Paz (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

We figure the vulva of the female type of S. affinitatum (fig. 15), also that of the

var. cultum (fig. 16), and the male palpus of S. politum (fig. 17).

2. Synema palliatum, (Tab. X. fig. 18, 2.) |

Synema palliata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 81, t. 10. figg. 8,8 4,5 (¢)’.

Var. Synema adjuncta, O.-P. Cambr. loc. cit. p. 84, t. 11. figg. 1, la, b(@)*.

Types, 2; of S. palliatum, total length 4°5 millim. ; of S. adjunctum, total length 6-25 millim. : both in coll.

Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba?, Volcan de Chiriqui ? (Champion).

152 ARANEIDEA.

3. Synema bimaculatum. (Tab. X. fig. 19, 2.)

Synema bimaculata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 71, t. 9. figg. 7, 7 a-d

(2), 8,8a,6(3)’.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3, 9 4:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Chicoyoito, Cahabon, Chichochoc, Coban (Sarg 4,

4, Synema maculosum. (Tab. X. figg. 20, ¢; 21,2.)

Synema maculosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 81, t. 10. figg. 10, 10a

(¢ immature), t. 11. figg. 2, 2a-e (¢ adult) *.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, San Juan Chamelco in Vera Paz (Sarg!); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).

5. Synema madidum.

Synema madida, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 153, t. 19. figg. 7, 7a—-d (3)*

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith 1).

This species differs from S. affinitatum only in the shorter, more truncated upper

tibial spur, and this peculiarity may be merely due to accidental mutilation.

6. Synema socium. (Tab. X. fig. 22, 3.)

Synema socia, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 83, t. 11. figg. 4, 4.a-d ie)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-25 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

7. Synema putum.

Synema puta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 80, t. 10. figg. 9, 9a,6(9)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Tikal (Sarg).

This specimen is immature.

8. Synema parvulum.

Thamisus parvula, Hentz, Spid. U.S. p. 80, t. 10. fig. 8, t. 18. fig. 40 (¢)*.

Synema parvula, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 57, t. 1. fig. 28(2)?.

Hab. Norte America !.—MeExico 2,

I do not know this spider. The form referred by Keyserling to 8. parvulum is

identical with S. maculosum, O. P.-Cambr., 2.

SYNEMA.—TMARUS. 153:

9. Synema zquinoctiale.

Xysticus equinoctialis, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ix. p. 87 (1872) (?)'.

Synema equinoctialis, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 71, t. 2. fig. 387 (1880) (?)°*; N. Banks,

Proc. Calf. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 261°.

Type, 2, in Mus. Univ. Warsaw.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic ?.—Gutiana ? ?.

I have not seen a specimen of this spider.

PARASYNEMA, gen. nov.

Type P. cirripes (O. P.-Cambr.). Mexico and Guatemala.

Eyes as in Xysticus; central quadrangle broader than long, not narrower in front. Posterior row recurved ;

eyes equidistant, or centrals further apart and smaller than the laterals. Anterior row recurved ; centrals

much smaller than the laterals and much further from each other than from the laterals. Clypeus equal

to more than four diameters of an anterior central eye. Femora i. with a few fine long bristles, none on

ii. ; tibiee i. and ii. with 2—2 long bristles and two short apical spines. Protarsusi. with 2—2—2—2—2

short, stout spines beneath ; no lateral spines; protarsus ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines beneath. The body

and legs of the male are much more densely clothed with stout bristles than in the same sex of Xysticus

. Parasynema cirripes. (Tab. X. fig. 23, 9.)

Synema cirripes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 79, t. 10. figg. 11, ll a-d

(3)}, and p. 180, t. 22. figg. 2, 2a-c (?)*.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 2 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith ?); Guatemata, Magdalena near

Antigua (Sarg ').

2. Parasynema adustum.

Xysticus adustus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 70, t. 9. figg. 11, lla(?)*

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5-75 millim.

Hab. GuateMata, Coban (Sarg *).

TMARUS.

Tmarus, E. Simon, Araign. Fr. ii. p. 259 (1875).

Type 7. piger (Walck.). Europe.

Mandibles plain, without teeth. Labium nearly three times longer than broad. Anterior row of eyes straight by

the centre of the laterals and the posterior margin of the centrals; eyes equidistant, laterals much larger.

Posterior row slightly recurved ; centrals one-fourth closer together than to the laterals. Lateral posteriors

distinctly larger than the centrals. Clypeus as high as the length of the central quadrangle and very

prominent.

Lateral eyes on two distinct tubercles, the posterior tubercles being the largest. Carapace straight above,

abruptly inclined behind. Central quadrangle square (or broader than long), but narrower in front. Legs

spinose ; i. and il. equal in length. Tibice i. and ii. with 2—2 spines at apex beneath; protarsi i, and ii.

with 2—2—-2—-2 spines beneath, as well as lateral spines. Tarsi with a long narrow smooth central

area beneath flanked by a row of setz on each side. Tarsal claws toothed throughout.

These characters are drawn from the adult female of the European 7. piger (Tab. X.

fig. 24).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1900. xf

154 ARANEIDEA.

Males.

A. Tibia of palpus with two spurs, an upper and lower, on the outer side.

i. Upper spur plain, without any basal spur on the inner, or lower,

side, stout, sinuous. Upper spur stout, gradually attenuate and

slightly sinuous to the apex. Lower spur curved upward, not

enlarged, and slightly bifid at the apex. Bulb with a black

hammer-headed process directed downward and backward from

the centre. A stout black process is directed from the apex of

the bulb towards the point of the upper tibial spur, but there is

no spine as in 7’, studiosus in a similar position, neither is there

any spur on the inner side of the bulb at its base. ‘Tibia very .

broad. . . . Neen ee . oo. ee ee jocosus, O. P.-Cambr.

ii. Upper spur with another ahort sharp spur on the inner, or lower,

side, about one-third from the base. Upper spur very slender

towards its apex, but enlarged at the base. Lower spur short,

curved upward, enlarged, slightly concave and bilobate at its

apex. Bulb with a short sharp black spine on the outer side,

its point directed backward. Inner basal angle furnished with

astout black cusp... 2... ee ee ee . . . Sstudiosus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibia of palpus with only one spur on the outer side, the lower

one. The upper represented only by an enlargement of the upper

anterior angle.

i, Bulb not convoluted in the centre; its apex bearing a stout black

somewhat bifurcate process, and without any central hammer-

headed process . . . ee eae Sits . intentus, O. P.-Cambr.

ii. Bulb convoluted in the centre, bearing a stout hhammer-headed

chitinous process directed backward and downward. Bulb

encircled by a long fine spine, whose filiform apex curls in over

the bulb from the outer side . . . . . . . . . « . « pauper, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

These can be separated by the form of the vulva, though it is difficult to give a

detailed intelligible account in words of the structure.

A. Vulva with a central chitinous wedge-shaped tongue.

1. Tongue large and long, extending from the anterior margin to the

posterior. The tongue is not raised from the surface posteriorly. studiosus.

2. Tongue very small, inconspicuous, extending over about one-third

of the length of the epigynal area. A kidney-shaped spermatheca

lies on each side posteriorly, the apex of the tongue falling just

between the anterior ends of the spermathece. The tongue is

raised from the surface posteriorly . . . . . . . . . . « éntentus.

TMARUS. 155

B. Vulva without any central tongue.

i, Vulva consisting only of a pair of small orifices connected with a

pair of spermathece.

a. Spermathece appearing as circular discs. . . . . . . « ‘tmeptus, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Spermathecee appearing as elongate sacs... . . . . ). ) mundulus, O. P.-Cambr.

ii, Vulva more elaborate in structure.

a. Vulva consisting of a pair of bisymmetrical semicircular areas,

separated by a narrow smooth space, having a deep concavity

anteriorly.

1. Anterior concavities spiraloid . . . . . . . . . « « decens, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Anterior concavities circular. . . . . . . . e+ * se gocosus.

6. Vulva consisting of a pair of circular bisymmetrical dark chitinous

valves, separate from the surface along their inner and posterior

margins . 2... eee ee ee ee ee eee Corruptus, O. P.-Cambr..

1. Tmarus studiosus. (Tab. X. fig. 25, 2.)

Tmarus studiosus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 97, t. 12. figg. 6, 6 a-c (¢),

7,7a-d (og).

Type 3, gynetype Q., in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 9 6-7 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

2. Tmarus intentus. (Tab. X. figg. 26, 3; 27, 2.)

Tmarus intentus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 96, t. 18. figg. 1, L a-d (3),

2,2a-c (2h.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3:5, 9 4:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua, Chiacam (Sarg: 31+); Panama, Bugaba (Champion: @ ).

3. Tmarus ineptus. (Tab. X. fig. 28, 2.)

Tmarus ineptus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 94, t. 18. figg. 3, 3a-c (¢)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

4. Tmarus mundulus. (Tab. X. fig. 29, 2.)

Tmarus mundulus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 95, t. 12. figg. 11,

lla-c (?)'.

Type, Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

5. Tmarus decens. (Tab. X. fig. 30, 2.)

Tmarus decens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 98, t. 12. figg. 9, 9a-c (?)’-

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

xf 2

156 ARANEIDEA.

6. Tmarus jocosus. (Tab. X. fig. 31, 2.)

Tmarus jocosus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 288, t. 32. figg. 11, 11 a-d

(3), 12, 12a, 5 (2)?

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5°75, 2 7 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg ').

7. Tmarus corruptus. (Tab. X. fig. 32, 2.)

Tmarus corruptus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 95, t. 12. figg. 10,

10 a-c (?)"*.

Tmarus mendax, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 189, t. 18. figg. 9, 9a-c (2) ”.

Type, 2, of TZ. corruptus, and of 7. mendax, Q juv., in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero (H. H. Smith”); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion ').

T. mendaz is an immature female of 7. corruptus.

8. Tmarus pauper,

Tmarus pauper, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 96, t. 12. figg. 8, 8a-d (g)*.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

Subfam. STEPHANOPSINAE.

Mandibles furnished with teeth on both the margins of the fang-groove. Labium and maxille normal, not

acuminate at the apex. Legs i. and ii. almost equal in length.

GENERA.

AA. Protarsi i. and ii. with a central apical spine beneath.

a. Central posterior eyes closer to each other than to the laterals.

Central quadrangle much longer than broad, scarcely narrower

in front. Eyes much more closely grouped ; anteriors scarcely

over one diameter of the centrals apart. Ocular area uni-

formly convex, without a central groove dividing it into two

lobes . - - 2 ee ee ee we ew ee hh )SC)S CS te pranororpes, Keys. ]

5. Central posterior eyes much further from each other than from

the laterals. Central quadrangle as broad as long, much

narrower in front. Eyes much more widely grouped; an-

teriors at least two diameters of the centrals apart. Ocular

area with a shallow longitudinal central groove dividing it

intotwo lobes . . . . . . «© © « «. «© « © « « « PARASTEPHANOPS, gen. nov.

STEPHANOPSIN 4.

BB. Protarsi i. and ii. without any central apical spine.

C. Abdomen with three long acanthoid median prominences,

Tarsal claws of legs i. and ii. with six denticles on the outer,

ten or eleven on the inner claw, situated towards the middle

of the claw. Body and legs hirsute, thickly clothed with

numerous bisegmentate and unisegmentate spines. Carapace

compressed, not acuminate in the centre. Posterior row of

eyes procurved; lateral posteriors raised on the base of a

horn-like prominence. Anterior row of eyes strongly re-

curved, as in Epicadus, centrals slightly larger than the

laterals. Clypeus equal to two diameters of an anterior

centraleye 2. 2. 2. 1. we we ee ee ee

D. Abdomen with from five to seven prominences, differently

disposed. Tarsal claws of legs i. and ii. with one or two

(females), or three or four (males), denticles only towards the

base of the claw. Body and legs not hirsute, clothed with

scattered spines, often bisegmentate, only.

I. Legs i. shorter in proportion; tibia i. shorter than the

carapace.

i. Femora i. and ii. not furnished with spinigerous tubercles

on the dorsal surface or in front. (Ocular area with or

without horn-like prominences.)

1. Carapace acuminate at the central thoracic _ stria.

Ocular area developed on each side to form a horn-

like prominence. Anterior row of eyes so strongly

recurved that it forms a quadrangle, whose anterior side

is only slightly narrower. Central anteriors one and

a half diameters from the laterals. The central and

lateral anteriors and the lateral posteriors, viewed from

in front, form a vertical oblique line. Posterior row

of eyes more strongly procurved. Abdomen with

two anterior, three median, and two posterior, long,

erect prominences . . 8 6 ww ew le

2. Carapace not acuminate behind. Ocular area not

developed on each side. Anterior row of eyes less

strongly recurved, forming a quadrangle much narrower

in front. Central anteriors scarcely one diameter from

the laterals. The central and lateral anteriors form,

with the lateral posterior eyes, a more decidedly

oblique, converging line, viewed from in front. Pos-

terior row of eyes scarcely procurved, straight in the

male sex. Abdomen with two very slight anterior,

three median, and sometimes (Zobias) two lower

posterior, very slight prominences, none of them erect.

Eprcapinus, E. Sim.

[Errcapvus, E. Sim.|

157

158 ARANEIDEA.

a. Area between the anterior central eyes bearing a pair

of bisegmentate spiniform processes or sensory hairs.

Abdomen, in the female, with two inconspicuous

anterior, and three median prominences, the latter

especially armed with spinigerous denticles .

b. Area between the anterior central eyes without

spiniform processes. Abdomen, in the female,

with two inconspicuous anterior, three median, and

two inconspicuous lower posterior prominences

ii, Femora i. and ii. furnished with one or two pairs of stout

spinigerous tubercles on the dorsal surface, and two single

ones along the anterior side. (Ocular area slightly

raised in the form of a corneous ridge, or with a more

highly developed horn, behind the lateral anterior

eyes.)

a. Posterior row of eyes straight. Central posteriors much

further from each other than from the laterals, and

slightly larger. Femora i. aud u. with a stout spur on

each side of the apex. ‘Tibi i. and ii. with 2—2—2

spines ; protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath;

no lateral spines. Tibi and protarsi i. and 1i. enlarged

and compressed, these, as well as the patella, flattened

above, forming a low carina on each side. Abdomen

with seven prominences, as in Tobias. Ocular area

produced, forming a corneous ridge behind the anterior

lateraleyes. 2. 2. 1 1 we ee ee en

6. Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved; centrals much

closer to each other than to the laterals, and smaller.

Femora i. and ii. without spurs at the apex. Tibiei. and

ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines; protarsi i. and ii. with

2—2—2—2 spines beneath; no laterals. Tibieze and

protarsi i. and 11. scarceiy enlarged or compressed, their

- margins not carinate. Tibiz i., ii., ii., and iv. bearing

at the base above a depression set with a cluster of

black clavate sensory hairs. Abdomen with two median

prominences only. Ocular area produced behind the

anterior lateral eyes to form two distinct conical

horns ... . i ee ere

II. Legs i. and 1. longer in proportion; tibia i. longer than the

carapace.

A. Legs i. much longer and stouter than legs ii. Femora i.

and i. with an apical spur on each side. (Posterior row

of eyes recurved. Abdomen with two anterior and two

median posterior tubercular prominences.)

Onocouuvs, E, Sim.

Tosias, E. Sim,

[Meratostas, gen. nov.]}

PaRATOBIAS, gen, DOV.

[Canyrua, E. Sim.]

EPICADINUS. 159

B. Legs i. and ii, approximately equal in length and stout-

ness. Femora i. and ii. without apical spurs.

i, Anterior row of eyes very slightly recurved. Tibize i.

and ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines; protarsi i. and 1. with

2—2—2 spines beneath, and lateral spines on both.

Abdomen without prominences, but with eight low

convex tubercles in two longitudinal rows. . . . . IsaLorpEs, gen. nov.

ii, Anterior row of eyes very strongly recurved. ‘Tibiz i.

and 1. with 2—2—2—2 spines; protarsi i. and ii. with

2—2—2—2—2 spines beneath, but no laterals except

on the apex of protarsii. and 1... Abdomen with two

anterior and two median-posterior tubercular pro-

minences . ..... .. . . . . . . . [{Srpyma, E. Sim.]

Some of the genera, Stephanopoides, Hpicadus, Metatobias, Cenypha, and Sidyma,

which enter into this Table have as yet no representative species from Central America.

They find a place on account of their very close relationship with the others, and

because representatives are almost certain to be found sooner or later.

In identifying these genera and differentiating them, general characters will be found

more reliable, perhaps, than those drawn from the relative position of the eyes or,

indeed, any single character abstracted from the rest. The form of the abdomen, for

instance, will give a good clue to the generic group to which any spider belongs. But

the whole group really needs to be taken in hand and thoroughly diagnosed com-

paratively in connection with examples from all parts of the world.

EPICADINUS.

Epicadinus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) 1. p. 1052 (1895).

Type £. trispinosus (Tacz.), Tropical America.

Anterior row of eyes strongly recurved, centrals very slightly larger than the laterals; posterior row procurved ;

ocular region acuminate, bifid. Carapace not acuminate in the middle. Body and legs hirsute, thickly

clothed with bisegmentate and unisegmentate spines. Clypeus equal to two diameters of an anterior

central eye. Abdomen with three long spiniform prominences. .

Two species only of this genus are recorded.

1. Epicadinus trifidus, (Tab. X. figg. 33, 33a, 2.)

Eripus trifidus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Ceutr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 121, t. 15. figg. 12,

1a-g (9)?

Type, 2, in coll. Godman. & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

160 ARANEIDEA.

[EPICADUS.

Eripus, Walckenaer, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1833, p. 438 (nomen preoce.*).

Epicadus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 1052 (1895).

Type E. heterogaster (Guérin). Tropical America.

No representative of this genus has yet been taken in Central America, but since

some are sure to be discovered in the tropical regions, such as Panama, the characters

are inserted in the Table and figures of them in the Plate [Tab. X. figg. 34, 34a-c

(@)]. They will also prove useful for comparison with those of closely allied genera. |

ONOCOLUS.

Onocolus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 1053 (1895).

Type O. echinatus (Tacz.). Cayenne.

Legs comparatively short, stout, and compressed ; tibie, protarsi, and tarsi more or less incrassate. Protarsi i.

and ii. with 2—2—2, tibie with 2—2—2—2, spines beneath, no laterals. Anterior row of eyes strongly

recurved ; posterior row straight. Carapace scarcely longer than broad. Anterior lateral eyes distinctly

larger than centrals. Femora not incrassate, nor tuberculate on the dorsal surface. Carapace and body

very much compressed ; ocular area produced somewhat conically behind the anterior lateral eyes. Two

bisegmentate spines are situated just behind the middle between the anterior central eyes.

The basal segment in the male is much longer in proportion than in the female.

The tibial and protarsal spines are much longer than in the allied groups and are

enclosed in a basal socket, hinged and capable of being raised and depressed.

The body and legs, in both sexes, are clothed with so-called sensory hairs, of various

sizes and types, consisting of a stouter chitinous basal sheath and a longer or shorter,

a stouter or more slender, movable terminal sensory segment. ‘The bulb at the base

of this terminal portion is distinctly seen to be connected by muscles and nerves

with the body-tissues, through the cylindrical basal sheath. Colulus absent in both

SeXes.

Four or five species only, which fall into this genus, have been recorded, and all from

the Neotropical region :—0O. echinatus (‘Tacz.), O. pentagonus (Keys.), O. compactilis,

E. Sim., O. stolzmanni (Keys.), and another, undescribed, taken by the author on the

Lower Amazons.

1. Onocolus pentagonus. (Tab. X. figg. 35, 35a, b, 3; 386, 36a-f, 2.)

Stephanopis pentagona, Keys. (misprinted Tucz.), Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 185, t. 4. fig. 102

(1880) (3) ‘

Type, ¢, in Mus. Univ. Warsaw. Total length 3°5 millim.

Deuterotype, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Prrv, Valmal }.

* Dejean, Coleoptera, 1829.

ONOCOLUS.—METATOBIAS. 161

The vulva of the female, and the palpus of the male, will be found figured on the

Plate. Several males and females occur in our collection. and the tibial spurs of the

palpi of the former are identical with the figure given by Keyserling, referred to above.

There is no reasonable doubt, failing an examination of the type in the Warsaw

University, that these examples are identical with Keyserling’s species.

TOBIAS.

Tobias, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 1053 (1895).

— Type Stephanopis camelinus, O. P.-Cambr. Amazons.

Characters as in Onocolus, except that the carapace and body are more convex, the posterior row of eyes is

procurved, and the ocular area is not produced conically behind the anterior lateral eyes. Colulus absent

in both sexes.

Three or four species referable to this genus are known, all of them from Tropical

America. The species, 7. rugosus (Tacz.), to which I refer the males and females

from Central America, appears to have a very wide range, extending all across the

continent from Peru to the Atlantic.

1. Tobias rugosus. (Tab. X. figg. 37, 3; 38, 58 a-c, 2.)

Thomisus rugosus, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ix. p. 95 (¢ 2) (1872) ’.

Stephanopis rugosa, Keys. Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 177, t. 4. figg. 97, 97 a (2), 97 6, ¢(3)”.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in Mus. Univ. Warsaw. Total length, ¢ 2°5, Q 8 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Soutu America, Cayenne !, Para ?, Peru.

(METATOBIAS, gen. nov.

Type M. stelloides (Walck.). Tortola, West Indies.

The type of Metatobias is the spider described by Keyserling as Stephanopis stelloides (Walck.). It can be

distinguished from the genus Tobias by the spinigerous tubercles on femora i. and ii. (as also in Paratobias) ;

and also by the stout spines on the apex of these femora, as well as by the fact that the patelle i. and ii.

are carinate on each side. It may be separated from Paratobias by the spines on the apex of its femora

i. and il.

Tibie i. and ii. are incrassate, with a pair of deep depressions on each side towards the base. Tibiee i. and ii.

with 2—2—2, protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath, but no laterals.

Tarsi short and incrassate. Colulus absent.

The occurrence of this spider in the West Indies points to the high probability that

other examples of the genus are to be found in Central America. Its characters there-

fore are diagnosed under a new generic name, because S. stelloides, Walck., does not

belong to Stephanopis, O. P.-Cambr. [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) iii. p. 60 (1869) |,

the type of which is S. altifrons, from 8. Australia. The details of structure are

figured on Tab. XI. figg. 1, la-d (¢).

I strongly suspect that the greater part of Nicolet’s Chilian species belong to the

same genus. ‘This conclusion may, of course, have to be reversed eventually. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1900. yf

162 ARANEIDEA.

PARATOBIAS, gen. nov.

Type P. championi, sp. n. Central America.

Similar to Metatubias, but with the central posterior eyes slightly smaller than the laterals, and much closer to

each other than to the laterals. Femora i. and ii. with dorsal tubercles, but no apical spurs. Tibi i.

and ii. not incrassate, with 2—2—2—2 spines; protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines beneath, no

laterals. ‘arsi short and incrassate. Colulus absent.

This genus is based on a single species from the State of Panama.

1. Paratobias championi, sp.n. (Tab. XI. figg. 2, 2a-e, 2.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman. & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Colour piceous ; body and legs clothed with short white pubescence ; abdomen with, in addition, numerous

bacilliform hairs. | .

Carapace longer than broad, narrowed at the ocular area. The latter prominent, raised, developed into a conical

horn behind the lateral anterior eyes, leaving a deep cleft between. Posterior row of eyes recurved, the

posterior margin of the laterals falling just behind the centre of the centrals. Centrals smaller and closer

to each other, one and a half diameters apart, than to the laterals, two diameters from them. Anterior

row recurved, centrals very minute, further from each other than from the laterals, which are very much

larger. Clypeus equal to more than four diameters of an anterior central eye.

Femora i. and ii. incrassate behind, bearing two pair of spinigerous tubercles on the dorsal surface and two

along the anterior margin, but without apical spurs. Patella and tibia i. and ii. compressed, and grooved

above; protarsi i. and ii. compressed above but not grooved.

Tarsi i. and ii. short and incrassate.

Vulva consisting of a large circular-oval concave chitinous disc, shghtly rebordered along the circumference

and more prominent in the centre of the posterior margin.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

[POTH AUS.

Potheus, Thorell, Descr. Cat. Spid. Burma, p. 275 (1895).

Type P. armatus, Thor., in Mus. Brit. Burmah.

The characters of a single immature female spider from Guatemala run so close to

those of the type of Pothwus that I am unable to separate them generically. The

occurrence of this form is recorded as an interesting fact, though the immaturity of

the specimen precludes one from describing the species. |

[STEPH ANOPOIDES.

Stephanopoides, Keyserling, Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 166 (1880).

Type S. brasiliana, Keys. Brazil.

Although no species of Stephanopoides has occurred as yet in Central America, it is

necessary to insert figures of its distinguishing characters [‘Tab. XT. figg. 3, 3a (3 )].

The spider referred to it in Vol. I. of this subject belongs to the following genus,

Parastephanops. |

PARASTEPHANOPS.—ISALOIDES. 163

PARASTEPHANOPS, gen. nov.

Type P. cognatus (O. P.-Cambr.). Central America.

Eye-group much narrower than the front of the carapace. Ocular area * slightly bilobed, the two lateral eyes

on each side, including one of the central posteriors, situated on a separate lobe. Anterior row of eyes

recurved, laterals much larger than the centrals; centrals closer together. Posterior row much broader

than the anterior, recurved, subequal; centrals further from each other than from the laterals. Ocular

quadrangle broader than long (it appears longer than broad—see note on measurements), much narrower

in front.

Clypeus as high as two diameters of an anterior central eye. Mandible with one long and three or four smaller

teeth. Tarsi i. and ii. not scopulate, nor with two rows of sete on each side. Claws toothed throughout,

with from 10 to 12 teeth.

Labium as broad as long, almost square, squarely truncate at the apex. Maxille short, inclined, dilated at the

apex. Tibi i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines beneath and three lateral spines ; protarsii. and ii. with

2-2-2 spines beneath, two laterals and a single subapical spine.

This genus may be distinguished from Stephanopoides by the characters given in the

Table, antea, p. 156.

1. Parastephanops cognatus. (Tab. XI. fig. 4, 2.)

Stephanopoides cognata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 104, t. 14, figg. 2

2a-c (@)*.

Type, Q@, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°75 rillim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion), Veraguas (Boucard ').

ISALOIDES, gen. nov. .

Type, adult 9, J. putus (O. P.-Cambr.). Central America.

Upper and lower margins of the fang-groove toothed. Posterior row of eyes wider than the anterior ; both

rows recurved, posterior strongly, anterior slightly. Anterior laterals very much larger than any of the

other eyes, three times the diameter of the anterior centrals. Posterior laterals larger than the posterior

centrals. Ocular quadrangle much longer than broad, narrower in front, anterior centrals much smaller

than posterior centrals. Clypeus equal to four diameters of an anterior central eye, obliquely inclined

backwards. yes of posterior row equidistant. Central anteriors further from each other (2 diameters)

than from the laterais(13 diameters). Ocular area scarcely narrower than the front of the caput. Legs

of first and second pairs subequal. Colulus absent.

The characters given above are drawn from an adult female, the type of Diewa puta,

O. P.-Cambr., which is identical with Hrissus pustulatus, O. P.-Cambr., the latter being

an immature specimen of the same sex.

1. Isaloides putus, (Tab. XI. fige. 5, 5 a-c, 2.)

Diea puta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 85, t. 11. figg. 5, 5 a-c (2 adult)

(1891) °.

Erissus pustulatus, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. i. p. 271, t. 35. figg. 2, 2 a-d (2 juv.)*,

Types, 9, of D. puta and £. pustulatus in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim,

* It is exceedingly difficult to estimate correctly the measurements of the ocular quadrangle, more especially

when it is narrower on one side, in front or behind. In these cases, when really as broad as long, it looks

distinctly longer than broad.

yt 2

164 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith?) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

I strongly suspect that this species is identical also with Hedana octoperlata,

E. Simon [Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxix. p. 439 (1895)]. I here assume that it is at

least congeneric with it, and in this case it cannot be Erissus, Simon.

But whether this is the case or not, I cannot regard them as congeneric with Hedana

gracilis, L. Koch, judging from his figure (Arachn, Austr. t. 12. fig. 1). Moreover,

M. Simon says [Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 1039] that in edana the area of the central

eyes is much longer than broad, and narrower in front, whereas in Koch’s figure of the

eyes of Tedana gracilis, the type of the genus, the ocular quadrangle is square.

It is necessary, therefore, to substitute a new generic term for Diwa puta (= Erissus

pustulatus), O. P.-Cambr.

his species is much more likely to fall near Isala, L. Koch; but having no

examples of that genus at hand, it is not possible to give an opinion which is likely to

be of any value. The figure, however, of the eyes of Jsala punctata, L. Koch, agrees

very closely with the position of those in Diwa puta, O. P.-Cambr.

Subfam. APHANTOCHILINZ.

Labium exceedingly narrow. Sternum very short, not produced posteriorly behind the cox of the third pair

of legs. The carapace and abdomen are more or less clothed with cusps or spinigerous tubercles, while

the anterior portion of the carapace is developed laterally into a horn on each side. Colulus absent or

almost obsolete. Legs almost entirely devoid of spines; femora covered with scattered tubercles.

The three genera, confined to Central and South America, may be distinguished as

follows :—

A. Central eyes of both rows much further from each other

than from the adjacent laterals. Femora with apical

tubercles.

1. Carapace produced behind, forming a narrow pedicle . . [ApHanrocuitus, O. P.-Cambr.]

2. Carapace not produced behind . . ~ . . « Masztra, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Eyes of both rows approximately equidistant, Femora

without apical tubercles. . . . . . . . . «. « « [Bucranrum, O. P.-Cambr.]

No examples of the first or last of these genera have hitherto been taken in Central

America, but their characters are so closely involved with those of Majella that they

have been added to the ‘Table.

MAJELLA.

Majella, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 191 (1896).

Type M. affinis, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

Maxille very elongate, attenuate towards the apex; labium very long and narrow, but distinct.

constricted and produced behind. Femora with tubercles on the upperside near the apex.

of both rows much further (twice as far) from each other than from the laterals.

Carapace not

Central eyes

MAJELLA. 165

There seems to have been some contusion as to the character of the eyes of Bucraniuim.

In the description of the type-species, B. taurifrons, O. P.-Cambr. [P. Z. S. 1881,

p. 773], it is stated that “the interval between those (the eyes) of the fore-central pair

is distinctly greater than that between each and the fore-lateral next to it, while that

between the hind-centrals is considerably less than that between each and the hind-

lateral next to it,” which cannot be correct.

In the comparison betwen this genus and Majella (Biol. Ceutr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran.

i. p. 191), it is stated that “in Bucraniwm those (the eyes) of each of the two rows are

equidistant,” which is most probably the case, for examples which I identify as B. taurt-

frons from the Amazons, whence the type-species came, are before me, and the eyes

of both rows are approximately equidistant. Majella is probably a valid genus, but

whether this be so or not depends on the characters of forms which may be found in

the future. In any case, if Majella is to stand Bucranium spinigerum must be referred

to it, and not to Bucranium, for it presents precisely the same differences from

B. taurifrons that Majella affinis does.

Two species have hitherto been described from Central America, and a single

example only of each is known. If really distinct, they may be recognized thus :—

a. The anterior pair of tubercles on the abdomen missing from the

central quadrangle. The posterior pair form, with two lateral

tubercles, a procurving row of four tubercles. . . . . . . affinis, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Four large spinigerous tubercles forming a quadrangle on the central

anterior dorsal area of the abdomen. The anterior pair form

with another tubercle on each side a recurving row of four

tubercles. . 20... ee ee ee ee ee ee Spinigera, O. P.-~Cambr.

1. Majella affinis. (Tab. XI. figg. 6, 6 a, 2.)

Mojella affinis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 191, t. 24. figg. 3, 3a-d (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith ').

2. Majella spinigera, (Tab. XI. figg. 7, 7a-c, 2.)

Bucranium spinigerum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 87, t. 11. figg. lla-d

(¢)’.

Type, Q immature, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg ').

This species is very closely allied to, if not identical with, M. affinis. ‘The four

central tubercles on the anterior portion of the abdomen are, however, clearly marked,

whereas in JV. affinis the two anterior tubercles are absent. The vulva in the case of

M. spinigera is not fully matured, while WM. affinis is adult.

166 ARANEIDEA.

Subfam. STROPHIIN 2.

Labium narrow. Sternum long, produced posteriorly between cox iv., normal. Carapace and abdomen not

clothed with cusps or spinigerous tubercles. Anterior portion of the carapace not developed laterally.

Legs almost entirely devoid of spines. Colulus almost obsolete.

This subfamily includes but two genera, the second (Strigoplus) being, so far as is

known, confined to the Malayan Archipelago.

STROPHIUS.

Strophius, Keyserling, Spinn. Amer., Later. p. 73 (1880).

Type S. nigricans, Keys. Peru.

Sternum extending to the fourth pair of cox, not shortened. Labium and maxille long, narrow, and

acuminate at their apex. Cephalic area normal, not cornigerous. Mandibles with a conspicuous tuft of

hair on the underside at their apex. Legs almost entirely devoid of spines. Anterior row of eyes straight,

posterior row slightly recurved ; central eyes of hoth rows smaller and much further from each other

than from the laterals.

These characters are drawn from S. hirsutus,O. P.-Cambr., Keyserling’s type of the

genus being in the Museum at Warsaw. |

Three species only are known, two of which are from Central America. These latter

being of different sexes, there is no need to tabulate their characters.

1. Strophius hirsutus. (Tab. XI. figg. 8, 8a, 4, 2.)

Strophius hirsutus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 87, t. 11. figg. 9 a-c

(¢)°.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ?).

2. Strophius signatus.

Strophius signatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 103, t. 14. figg. 3,

3 a-d(g)}.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Chamiquin (Sarg).

This spider is possibly the male of S. hirsutus.

Fam. SALTICIDE.

The name Salticide has been selected for this family in preference to Attide,

because the generic name on which the former is based is the oldest. The general

characters of the group are too well known to need more than a passing remark. The

mode of progression being the first peculiarity to be noticed, it will be that by which

the spiders are generally identified. They do not simply move forward, as do the

SALTICIDA. 167

members of the Lycoside, but creep, run, and leap, often many times their own length,

either to escape from a foe or to secure their prey.

Otherwise, the position of the eyes is characteristic. ‘They are arranged usually

in three rows (four in the group Lyssomanee) of 4—2—2. The centrals of the

first row are the largest; the posterior centrals and the anterior laterals are about

the same size; while the posterior centrals, referred to in the following descriptions as

the small dorsal eyes, or simply the small eyes, are always the smallest of the group.

In their other characters these spiders approach the members of the immense group

including the Drasside, Clubionide, &c. The task of dividing up the enormous

number of species, themselves very closely allied, into natural and convenient generic

groups is not more easy in this family than in most of the others. Scarcely any

character, or group of characters, which may be selected is really reliable, for although

the species arrange themselves naturally into groups readily recognizable in a general

way, yet when one endeavours to define their distinctive peculiarities, it becomes

practically almost impossible to do so on account of intermediate forms.

But though the grouping of species into natural and convenient genera is difficult,

yet the species are themselves, in most cases, perfectly distinct. ‘he palpal organs of

the male are usually well developed and furnish many useful characters, while the

same may be said of the vulva of the female.

Though even these portions of the structure vary slightly in individuals, yet the

general plan in the various species is quite distinct and different. Nor can there be

much doubt that the characters furnished by the disposition of the various clusters of

hairs and scales forming the patterns on the carapace and abdomen would, in well-

preserved examples, furnish reliable distinctions both specific and generic.

The species represented in Central America may be placed, for convenience, in two

subfamilies :-—

A. Abdomen pediculate, more or less separated from the carapace on a distinct

chitinized pedicle, admitting of free movement. Carapace, in some genera,

very much constricted in the middle, in others not at all; the abdomen always

more or less constricted. ‘Legs in the first two groups very slender, subequal ;

in the third group, i. ori. and ii. more or less incrassate ; usually also very

much less spinose . See ee ee ee ee TOXxEINné.

B. Abdomen not separated by a chitinized pedicle. Neither carapace nor abdomen

constricted in the middle. Legs, especially i. and ii., usually much stouter and ;

more spinose . . . ww we ee ee ee ee ee ee.) SALPICINAL

Subfam. TOXEINA.

The members of this subfamily may in a general way be recognized by their

resemblance, both in contour and in mode of action, to various kinds of Hymenoptera,

a resemblance due chiefly to the constriction of the carapace or abdomen, and the

168 ARANEIDEA.

separation of the former from the latter by a pedicle which can be distinctly seen from

above. The legs are usually very slender and only very weakly spined, those of the

third and fourth pairs being always quite slender and often slashed longitudinally

with black, exactly as are those of many of the ant-like species of the family

Clubionide.

The subfamily is divisible into three distinct groups, distinguished by the relative

size of the legs, the arrangement of the eyes, and the form of the carapace :—

A. Legs i., ii., iii., and iv. equal or subequal in slenderness, armed with few and

weak spines.

1. Carapace very deeply constricted behind the eyes, viewed in profile. Abdomen

of male more or less enclosed within a dorsal and ventral chitinous plate,

sometimes fused, sometimes open along the sides. . - - - - + + + SYNEMOSYNER.

2, Carapace not deeply constricted behind the eyes. Abdomen of male with a

small chitinous dorsal plate only . . 2. 1. ee ee ee ee ee 6 Toxee,

B. Legs i. and ii., or i. only, more or less incrassate, sometimes the femora only

thickened ; the spines, at all events beneath the tibize and protarsi i., longer

and stouter. 2. 0... ew ee ee ee ee ee ee ee.) 6SYNAGELER.

Of the various genera adopted, probably three fall into the first group, namely

Synemosyna, Simonella, and perhaps Jola. The second group includes Toxeus, Mar-

tella, Sarinda, Bocus, Zuniga, Emertonius, and Erica; and the third group, probably,

Synageles, Keyserlingella, Hermosa, Leptorchestes, Fluda, Marengo, Bellota, Semosa,

Descanso, Paradametas.

Of these genera, seven only are known to me from Central America, Synageles,

Keyserlingella, Paradameetas, Erica, Martella, Simonella, and Toxeus, whose distin-

guishing characters wiil be found below under their respective subfamilies.

Group SYNEMOSYNEZ.

These spiders may be recognized by the very deep constriction in the middle of both

the carapace and abdomen, the latter, however, being far more deeply constricted in

the male. In this sex, too, the chitinized cuticle of the abdomen extends much

further, both above and below, than in the female. The eyes are situated in four rows,

somewhat approaching in this respect those of the genus Lyssomanes. The coxee and

trochanters of the fourth pair of legs are very long; the sternum is very long and

narrow ; while all four pairs of legs are, in both sexes, of the same degree of slenderness,

their relative length being 4, 3, 1, 2, and the palpi of the female are only very

slightly enlarged.

One genus alone is known to me.

SIMONELLA. 169

SIMONELLA.

Janus, C. Li. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 21 (part.) (1846) (nomen preoce.*).

Simonella, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 24 (Dec.).

Type S. americana, Peckham. Guatemala.

@. Eyes in four rows. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes a little broader than long; those of the posterior row

larger ; those of the third row nearer to the posteriors. Coxe and trochanters of legs iv. very strong ;

those of iii. rather longer and stouter than those of i. and ii. Sternum more than three times longer

than broad, truncate in front, pointed behind. Labium and maxille short; mandibles small, situated

well behind the anterior margin of the carapace. Pedicle distinct. Abdomen with an oval-oblong

anterior dorsal scutum, also a ventral epigynal scutum. Carapace deeply indented behind the eyes;

abdomen indented and constricted just behind the dorsal scutum. Legs 4, 3, 1, 2.

3. Generally similar to the female, but the abdomen is divided in the middle by a greater or lesser

constriction and almost the whole dorsal area is covered by a chitinous scutum, in addition to the epigynal

ventral scutum, and a central one extending along three-fourths of the ventral area. The cephalic

region in some wales is more circular at the sides. Tibia of the first pair of legs with 2—2—2 spines

beneath.

Note.—Peckham [Trans. Wisc. Ac. Sci. 1884, p. 278 (March) ] selects Janus melano-

cephalus, C. Koch, as the type of Janus=Janigena, Karsch ; Synemosyna formica,

Hentz, as the type of Synemosyna, Hentz; while S. americana, Peckham, is the type

of Simonella. These species are evidently very closely allied, but not having seen the

two former one cannot say whether or not they ought to be generically separated, though

they probably all belong to the group Synemosynee.

Males.

a. Caput jet-black.

1. Size larger, length 8°5 millim. Tibia of palpus longer than broad,

at least as long as the tarsus, with a broad — spur on the

outer side .. . . . americana, Peckh.

2. Size smaller, length 6 millim. Tibia ‘of palpus not ‘Longer than

broad, shorter than the patella, the two together being as long as

the tarsus. Tibial spur long, stout, bluntly pointed at its apex

and slightly curved inwards; mandible with an angular prominence

on the anterior lateral part at the base . . . . . . . . decipiens, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Caput orange or golden-brown, with eyes situated on black spots ;

mandible with a stout cusp on the anterior lateral front at the base.

Length 75 millim. . . 2. 2... ee ee ew ee) CBtcolor, Peckh.

Females.

a. Caput jet-black, thoracic area bright orange. Abdomen unicolorous

beneath, with a single transverse brown girdle in the middle of the

dorsal area, extending down the sides, followed by an oblong-oval

central dorsal vulva, consisting of a straight transverse slightly

sinuous rim remote from the genital rima, with a small dark pit just

* Stephens, Hymenoptera, 1835.

BIOL. CENTR. “AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. 1I., November 1900. 2t

170 ARANEIDEA.

anterior to it in the middle; while behind it lies a semicircular

cavity containing on each side a loop of the oviduct appearing from

beneath the rim. Legs entirely orange; tibia i. slightly suffused a

with brown . 0.060050 3 0 8 eee ee ete decynens.

. Caput golden-brown, eyes on black spots. Thoracic area dull orange-

brown, margined with brown. Abdomen with a basal and distal

brown suffusion beneath, and seven distinct transverse trianguliform

spots, the second and third, on each side of the middle point, being

broader and extending slightly down the sides. Anterior Jegs white,

tibia i. slightly suffused with brown. Legs iii. and iv. pale; coxa,

trochanter, and femur iii. (except at the apex) brown; coxa, femur,

and tibiaiv. brown. Vulva consisting of a large triangular chitinous

tongue, its apex directed backward, having a concavity on each side,

towards the genitalrima . . . . . - +. + «© © + © + bicolor.

1. Simonella americana. (Tab. XI. figg. 17, 17 a-c, 3.)

Simonella americana, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 24 (Dec.) *; Trans. Wisc. Acad.

Sci. vii. p. 252, t. 12. fig. 4 (Nov. 1888) (¢)*; Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. i. 1, p. 80,

t. 7. figg. 8, 8 a—d (1892) (¢)°; iii. 1, p. 5 (April 1896) *.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 8°5 millim.

Hab. GuatEMALA 123,

Examples of Simonella (s & ¢) (from Panama) sent by O. P.-Cambridge to

Peckham were returned labelled S. americana. The females which accompanied the

single male are undoubtedly S. bicolor, Peckh., according to the description and the

figure of the vulva. The male itself, while obviously rightly mated with the females,

is certainly not referable to S. americana, Peckh., whether we regard the figures of

the palpus in beth publications? or the description. The caput in the latter is said

to be quite black: in the male accompanying S. bicolor it is orange-red, the eyes being

on black spots. ‘The tibia of the palpus of S. americana in both figures is twice longer

than broad (rather less, one-half, in Emerton’s figure *), whereas in the male of 8. bicolor

it is only very slightly longer than broad. The male palpus in §. americana is

described as black, in 8. bicolor it is white. The clypeus of S. americana is described,

in 1888, as “less than one-half as high as anterior eyes”; in 1892, as “almost as high

as the anterior eyes”; while Emerton’s drawing depicts it as equal to one-quarter of

an anterior eye. ‘The anterior eyes being very large in this group, if the 1892 statement

be correct, the spider is very different indeed from the male of S. bicolor.

There is probably a very different species in the Guatemalan region, while it is also

quite likely that S. bicolor, of which the type came from Venezuela, should extend

into Panama, whence came the male and females in question. Emerton’s dorsal view

of the male shows that the example he drew from is closely allied to S. decipiens ;

whether it is the same as that from which Peckham took his drawing of the palpus,

SIMONELLA. 171

one cannot say, but it is possible these are two different species. In the description

of the mandibles no mention is made of the anterior basal cusp, most noticeable in the

example here noted as S. bicolor, 3.

2. Simonella decipiens. (Tab. XII. figg. 3, 3a-c, ¢; 4,44, 2.)

Simonella decipiens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol, Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 163, t. 19. figg. 15,

15 a-c (¢), 16, 16a,5(2)’.

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 9 5°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

The Aculeate-Hymenopteron (Pseudomyrma sp.), orange, with black head, which

was taken from the bushes where this spider was captured, was sent also in the same

tube. The resemblance is complete, though of what precise significance it is difficult

to suggest, except on the supposition that it wards off the attack of birds and wasps.

3. Simonella bicolor. (Tab. XII. figg. 1, la-d, 3; 2, 2a-d, 2.)

Simonella bicolor, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 88, t. 7. figg. 5, 5 @ (1892)

(2)*.

Type, @, in coll. Eugéne Simon: total length 6:8 millim. Deuterotype, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin: total

length 7°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—V ENEZUELA 1.

The male is new to science, that is, if it is distinct from that of S. americana, Peckh.,

which I cannot doubt on the evidence before me. It is possible that Mr. Peckham has

placed the males of both species together, for the palpi are evidently very similar,

though the black caput, if constant, as I suspect it is, which would assimilate

S. bicolor with a different species of Formicide, should enable them to be separated.

Group TOXEA.

The members belonging to this group are very numerous and distinct, of which a

typical form (though not the type of the genus Toreus) would be Toxeus formicarius,

a well-known European species. The eyes are in three rows of 4—2—2,; the carapace

being, not constricted as in the Simonelleew, but more or less raised in the cephalic

region. The abdomen is in Toreus distinctly constricted in the middle, but much less

so than in Simonella. The coxa of the first pair of legs is longer, or not shorter, than

that of the fourth pair, while trochanter iv. is quite short. Legs i. and il. are not

incrassate, all of them being of about the same degree of slenderness, their relative

length being 4, 1, 3, 2.

The genera known to me may be separated by the following characters, based on

the female sex only :—

zt 2

172 ARANEIDEA.

a. Palpi incrassate and compressed. Tibia i. with Q—2—-2 2-2 spines

beneath. Cephalic region well marked, but not precipitous behind.

Trochanter iv. only half the length of coxa iv. Sternum at least

three times as long as broad. Cephalic quadrangle wider behind ;

small eyes midway between laterals. Abdomen constricted. . . ~- Toxeus, C. Koch.

b. Palpi incrassate, very hairy, not compressed. Tibia 1. with 2—2—2

spines beneath. Cephalic region abruptly precipitous behind. Tro-

chanter iv. quite two-thirds as long as coxa iv. Sternum scarcely

more than twice as long as broad. Cephalic quadrangle not wider

behind; small eyes nearer to the posterior laterals. Abdomen only

very slightly constricted . 2. 6 2 eo 8 8 ee et ee Marrewia, Peckh.

I am unable to include Erica in the table for want of sufficiently well-preserved

examples.

TOXEUS.

Toreus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 18 (1846).

Type 7. mawillosus, C. Koch. Java.

The spiders belonging to this genus are truly cosmopolitan, being found in Europe,

Asia, Java, the Philippines, Burmah, Ceylon, Madagascar, Zanzibar, the United States,

and Central America. The following are the characters of the genus :—

Eyes in three rows; cephalic quadrangle of eyes broader than long, wider behind ; posterior laterals slightly

larger than anterior laterals. Carapace twice longer than broad; cephalic region flat, in profile ;

thoracic region convex. Mandibles of the male very variable, usually as long as the carapace, but often

either shorter or longer; horizontal, flattened above, depressed towards the apex, with a long sinuous

fang. Mandibles of the female short and vertical. Coxa i. scarcely longer than coxa iv., coxa il. being

shortest and more or less globose; trochanter iv. longest, slightly more than one-half longer than

coxa iv. Sternum more than three times longer than broad. Legs 4, 1, 3, 2. Tibia i. with

2—2—2-—2--2 spines beneath; protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath; spines beneath protarsi ii.

variable; legs iii. and iv. without spines. Abdomen pediculate, often slightly constricted before the

middle; in the male sex with a median anterior and posterior coriaceous dorsal integument. Spinners

short, anteriors and posteriors equal in length. Palpi of female broad and compressed.

Nore.—Numerous species were originally included by Latreille under his genus

Salticus (1805); amongst these were S. formicarius and S. scenicus. In 1806

Walckenaer placed them all under the name Attus. ‘There was no definite selection

of a type for either, nor any eliminating process leaving a type naturally selected, until

1810, when Latreille himself definitely selected Araneus scenicus as the type of Salticus.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—-

Males.

a. Palpi short, only two-thirds as long as the carapace. Mandibles usually

very long (very variable), compressed, with two (often one only) stout

teeth at the apex beneath; 3 or 4 single separate teeth along the upper

margin of the fang-groove, 7 or 8 small teeth along the lower margin at

TOXEUS. 173

its base. Fang very long, sinuous, without any spur or cusp throughout

its length. Tibia of palpus only one-third longer than broad, shorter than

the tarsus ; tibial spur longer and sinuous; bulb with a long spiraloid

spine, with two or three convolutions.. Protarsus i. black. Abdomen more

oval, not constricted ; carapace unicolorous brown or black . . . . . centralis, Peckh.

6. Palpi very long, longer than the carapace. Mandibles shorter and stouter, not

compressed ; without teeth at the apex or on the anterior half or two-thirds ;

with three teeth on each side of the fang-groove at the base, the anterior

tooth on the upper margin the largest. Fang long, sinuous, but with a

stout conical spur beneath at the base of the apical third section. Tibia of

palpus four or five times longer than broad, twice as long as the tarsus ;

tibial spur very short, sharp, and slightly curved; bulb globular, with a

spine curving round its anterior circumference, but without spiraloid

convolutions, Tarsus i. black. Abdomen very elongated, and constricted —

in front of the middle ; carapace orange, with black cephalic area . . . championi, sp. n.

Females.

a. Colour as in the male, but much less pronounced. Vulva consisting of a pair

of white circular discs, situated within a diameter of each other and within

a diameter of the genital rima, which is strongly emarginate in the middle.

Between the two white discs are a pair of brown oval-clongate sacs,

closely adjacent, dilate anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, and encircling the

inner semi-circumference of the white dises. . . . . . . . . « « centralis.

6. Colour as in the male, but much less pronounced. Vulva consisting of four

brown circular discs; the anterior pair smaller, one-fourth of a diameter

apart, two-thirds of a diameter from the posterior discs; the latter larger,

one-half a diameter from the genital rima, which is not emarginate in the

middle. Between the larger and smaller disc on each side lies a long

oblique dark line, and behind the anterior discs a pair of dark curving

lines—all of them indicating loops of the oviducts, which, with the discs,

lie beneath the integument . . . . 2... 1. we ee ee Champion.

1. Toxeus centralis. (Tab. XI. figg. 9, 9a, 4,10, 3; 11, 2.)

Salticus centralis, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 19, t. 1. figg. 6 (2),

6a,b( 3) (1892) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 3:5, 9 4°5 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion); CENTRAL

America },

The males of this species are exceedingly variable, both in size and in the dimension

and structure of the mandibles, no two examples being exactly alike. The tibial spur

of the palpus also varies in shape.

174

ARANEIDEA.

2. Toxeus championi, sp.n. (Tab. XI. figg. 12, 12a-f, 6 ; 18, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 5 6, 2 6°5 millim.

Colour, g. Carapace orange, cephalic area dark brown or black, with a band of white hairs behind.

Abdomen black; anterior portion white, followed by black, constriction white above; posterior portion

black, with seyeral transverse bars of white hairs; spinners yellow, posterior pair often dusky.

Mandibles orange-brown ; femur of palpus orange; patella, tibia, and tarsus orange-brown. Legs

variegated, yellow or orange and black. Femora iii. and iv. black; i. and i, yellow, with a dusky

stripe on each side. Tibia and protarsus iv. dark brown or black ; tarsus i. black. Coxse and trochanters

i. and ii. yellow; iii. and iv. yellow, with brown side-mottlings. Sternum black. Labium and maxille

black, apex of the former and inner margins of the latter orange.

Much paler than the male, dull white and dusky brown.

Structure, 3. Abdomen much constricted in front of the middle (of the female only slightly so). Mandibles

The

very stout, about two-thirds the length of the carapace, almost horizontal, having at the base on the

upper margin of the fang-groove a long stout tooth, followed by three much shorter teeth, and on

the lower margin three short teeth closely situated together. The large tooth and the next to it on the

upper margin are widely separate. Mandibles long and sinuous, with a stout spur at the base of their

anterior third sectjon. beneath (those of the female are short and vertical). Palpus very long, longer

than the carapace. Femur stout and curved; tibia stout, curved, and as long as the femur and patella

together. Tarsus about equalling half the tibia; bulb globular, with a stout spine curving round its

anterior circumference. No long spiraloid spine as in 7’. centralis. Tibial spur short, stout, pointed,

its apex directed downwards.

vulva of the female consists of four brown circular discs, the anterior pair smaller and much closer

together. A long dark oblique line runs between the discs on each side, marking where the oviduct

comes near the surface; behind the anterior pair of discs are two other curving dark lines, indicating

another loop in the oviduct.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

MARTELLA.

Martella, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 45 (1892).

Type Martella pottsi, Peckham. Central America.

Eyes in three rows. Cephalic quadrangle broader than long, not wider behind. Carapace twice longer than

broad, scarcely narrower behind. Cephalic area occupying about half the carapace, flat above in profile,

convex behind in the thoracic region. Mandibles vertical. Abdomen pediculate; not constricted in the

middle. Spinners of equal length, anterior pair the stoutest. Palpi of female enlarged in the two

terminal segments and clothed with long, bristly, fringing hairs. Legs i. and ii. not incrassate ; tibia i.

with 2—2—2 spines beneath ; protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath ; trochanter iv. quite two-thirds as

long as coxa iv.; coxa i. not longer than coxa iv. Sternum scarcely more than twice longer than broad.

Small dorsal eyes nearer to the posterior than to the anterior laterals.

1. Martella pottsi. (Tab. XI. figg. 14, 3 ; 15, 2.)

Mariella potisii, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 45, t. 4. figg. 2, 2 a-d (9),

Qe, 2f(3) (1892) *

Type 3, gynetype , in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 4:4, 2 4°8 millim.

Hab. GuatEMata !.

I do not know this species in nature and can therefore only compare the figures of

the vulva with the corresponding portion of M. lineattpes.

MARTELLA.—ERICA. 175

2. Martella lineatipes, sp.n. (Tab. XI. figg. 16, 16, b, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Colour. Carapace black, with a thin transverse band of white hairs behind the cephalic area. Palpi mahogany-

brown; tibia and tarsus enlarged and clothed with stiff black hairs. Legs pale yellow; tarsus i. black ;

femora, patella, and tibie i. and ii. with a black line, more or less broken, on each side, but broad and

unbroken on the inner side; femur, patella, tibia, and base of protarsus black. Sternum black.

Abdomen clothed with black and brown hairs, with an indistinct band of white hairs across the

middle.

The vulva consists of a large oval depression, encircled by a broken black chitinous rim, having a pair of

dark spots in the centre ; its posterior margin deeply emarginate.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

These examples have been Jabelled as belonging to the genus Martella by

Mr. Peckham.

ERICA.

Erica, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 1, p. 55 (1892).

Type E. eugenia, Peckham. Brazil.

Carapace constricted in the anterior thoracic region. Ocular quadrangle broader than long, slightly wider

in front. Anterior row of eyes straight by their posterior margins ; centrals twice the diameter of the

laterals. Small eyes midway between the laterals. Legs 4, 3, 1, 2, equally slender. (The spines

on the legs are very weak, but the only example seen is too much rubbed to furnish reliable evidence.)

1. Erica eugenia. (Tab. XII. fige. 10, 10a-c, 3.)

Erica eugenia, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 55, t. 4. figg. 9, 9a-c (2), 94,

9e (fd) (1892) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 4, 2 2 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Brazit, Chapada (H. H. Smith), Amable

Maria (ZLaczanowski 1).

The Panama specimen of this species has been identified by Mr. Peckham. ‘The

tibia of the palpus, however, exhibits a small dark cusp on the anterior margin, which

does not appear in the figure in his paper.

Group SYNAGELEA.

This group may eventually be split up into several others, depending on the greater

or less extent of the incrassation of legs i. and ii., amongst other less readily

noticeable characters. ‘The eyes are in three rows of 4—-2—2; the carapace is not

constricted in the middle, the abdomen more or less so, or not at all. Coxa iv. is

longer than coxa i., and trochanter iv. is almost as long as coxaiv. Legs 4, 3, 1, 2

in relative length; i. and ii., or i. only, incrassate. The palpi of the female are

slender.

The genera may be separated as follows :—

176 - ARANEIDEA.

GENERA.

1. Legs i. and ii. incrassate, especially the femora. Abdomen not:

constricted.

a. Cephalic quadrangle broader than long, occupying less than half

the total length of the carapace. Small eyes equidistant from

laterals. Sternum slightly longer than broad. Trochanter iv.

only half as long as coxa iv. Anterior eyes forming a straight

line by their posterior margins. Pedicle less distinct. . . . Parapamaras, Peckh.

2. Legs i. only incrassate, especially the femora. Abdomen constricted.

a. Cephalic quadrangle longer than broad, occupying over half the

total length of the carapace. Small eyes much nearer to the

anterior laterals than to the posterior laterals; twice further

from the latter than from the former. Sternum two and a half

times longer than broad. Trochanter iv. as long as coxa iv.,

though not so wide. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved.

Pedicle more distinct. Abdomen constricted before the middle. SynacEzzs, Simon.

b. Cephalic quadrangle broader than long, occupying one-half of

the carapace. Small eyes midway between the laterals, or

slightly nearer the anteriors . . . . . » . «+ + + + KEYSERLINGELLA, Peckh.

SYNAGELES.

Synageles, E. Simon, Aran. Fr. ii. p. 14 (1876).

Type Synageles venator (Lucas). Europe.

Eyes in three rows; central anteriors three times the diameter of the lateral anteriors ; posteriors slightly

larger than lateral anteriors; those of the second row very minute, situated closer to the anteriors than to

the posteriors. Cephalic quadrangle distinctly longer than broad (very much more so in appearance than

is the case by measurement), parallel-sided, not wider behind; posterior row as wide as the carapace at

the point of their situation. Cephalic region occupying more than half the length of the carapace, delimited

behind by a low ridge, abruptly convex posteriorly and slightly recurved at the posterior margin, where it

covers the pedicle. Sternum three times longer than broad. Coxe i., ii., iii. subequal, the trochanters

shorter ; coxa iv. very long, of the same length as the trochanter. Legs 4,3, 2,1; legs i. incrassate,

especially the femora, tibize with 2—2—2 long stout spines beneath, protarsi with 2—2 longer spines

beneath; the other legs almost entirely without spines. Mandibles short, vertical. Abdomen pediculate,

very slightly constricted before the middle. Small eyes much nearer to the anterior than to the posterior

laterals.

1. Synageles variegata, sp.n. (Tab. XII. figg. 7, 7a, ¢; 8, 8a-d, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g¢ 3, 2 3°5 millim.

Colour, 2. Carapace blue-black, glossy, with a band of white hairs behind the cephalic area. Palpi yellow;

coxee and trochanters i. and il. yellow; rest of leg i. pale orange; leg ii. yellow, anterior side of femur,

tibia, protarsus, and tarsus brown; coxa, trochanter, femur, apex of patella, tibia, and base of pro-

tarsus iii. black; coxa iv. black, trochanter (partly yellow), femur, apex of patella, tibia, and protarsus

black. Abdomen entirely brown, with white hairs at the constriction, above.

Tab. XII. fig. 8 d.)

The male is similar to the female in colour. Tibia of palpus short ; spur short, broad, black, its apex attenuate

and slightly incurved (see Tab. XII. fig. 7 a).

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

(For figure of vulva, see

KEYSERLINGELLA.—PARADAMCGTAS. 177

KEYSERLINGELLA.

Keyserlingella, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 69 (1892).

Type K. perdita, Peckham. Colombia.

The full diagnosis of this genus cannot be given without examples for examination.

The following characters are those mentioned by Peckham :—Spiders small.

Cephalothorax almost flat above, without constriction or depression. Quadrangle of

eyes wider than long, equally wide in front and behind, or wider behind, occupying at

least one-half of the cephalothorax. Mandibles vertical or slightly inclined. Legs

(3) 4,1, 38,2; (2) 4, 3,1, 2.

1. Keyserlingella cara. (Tab. XII. figg. 9, 9a, ¢.)

Keyserlingella cara, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 1, p. 71, t. 5. figg. 8, 8a(¢)

(1892) °.

Total length, ¢, 3°3 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA }.

PARADAMCETAS.

Paradametas, Peckham, Proc. Wisc. Acad. Sci. 1885, p. 78 (Dec.).

Type P. formicina, Peckham. Guatemala.

Characters based on the female. Legs i. and ii. incrassate, especially the femora. Legs 4, 3, 1, 2, or 4, 1,3, 2.

Tibia i. with 2—2—2 spines ; protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath. Palpi slender. Sternum about

one-fourth longer than broad. Coxa iv. longer than that of i., ii., and ili. ; trochanter iv. not more than

half the length of coxa iv. Anterior eyes in an almost straight line, straight by the posterior margins:

diameter of laterals scarcely more than half that of centrals. Mandibles vertical, weak. Cephalic

quadrangle broader than long, slightly wider behind, occupying less than half the total length of

the carapace. Abdominal pedicle very short. Small eyes equidistant between the anterior and posterior

laterals.

1. Paradameetas formicina. (Tab. XII. figg. 5, ¢; 6, Ga-c, 9.)

Paradametas formicina, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 74, t. 6. figg. 2, 2a-c

(2), 2d (fd) (4892) *.

Hab. GuateMaLta!; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The female from Bugaba differs so little in the form of the vulva from the figure

given by Peckham that one cannot but regard it as belonging to the same species.

Subfam. SAL TICINA.

The members of this subfamily differ from those of the Toxeinz in not possessing a

definite elongated pedicle between the carapace and the abdomen. ‘The legs are much

stouter as a rule and much more spinose. The genera belonging to this division which

are represented in Central America may be separated into various more or less definite

and natural groups. The Lyssomaneze and the Homalatteze are perhaps as distinct as

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., December 1900. 2at

AWS

ARANEIDEA.

any of them; the former being distinguished immediately from all the others by the

position of the anterior lateral eyes, which are quite behind the central anteriors.

GROUPS.

A. Eyes in four rows, the anterior laterals situated behind the anterior centrals,

these latter being very large . . . . 2 ee. 6) 6 LDYSSOMANEA.

B. Eyes in three rows, the anterior laterals sitnated at the side of the anterior

centrals ; these latter, though large, less so in proportion.

aa. Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2 or 2—2—2 spines beneath, the basal pair

situated close to the base of the segment.

i. Protarsi iii. and iv. very spinose, with three distinct rings of spines—

a basal, a median, and an apical group. Sternum either circular or

elongate-oval, sometimes narrower behind, or slightly narrower in

front, but not so narrow as in the next group. Carapace high, convex,

not compressed . . ... . _ ss . ee ee el le) 6 AMYCER,

. Protarsi iii. and iv. much less spinose, with a few weak spines only

at the apex and one on each side in the middle and at the base,

but these often absent. Sternum usually three or four times longer

than broad, much narrower in front, the coxe of legs i. often

almost meeting. alia not oe but compressed, as also is the

abdomen. . . . . Marrruses.

bb. Tibie i. and ii. with _ _2 pairs 5 of spines = beneath, the basal p pair = (each

being often placed at different distances from the base) situated at about

one-third from the base, or in the middle of the segment beneath, or in

the apical third portion.

1. Eyes of posterior row more or less remote from the margins of the

carapace ; the ocular quadrangle occupying less than half the total

length of the carapace . . . . . . ww. ee ee) 0 PHIDIPPER.

2. Eyes of posterior row situated on the margins of the carapace; the

ocular quadrangle occupying more than half the total length of the

carapace. 6. 6 eee ee HomaLatte&.

Notr.—The few characters given above are those which would first strike one as distinguishing the various

groups of species on a cursory examination. They are not put forward as either exhaustive, exclusive, or

final.

Group LYSSOMANEZ.,

The members of this group have the following general characters—that is, as

exhibited by the genus Lyssomanes, with which alone I am acquainted :—

Abdomen long and narrow; spinners very inconspicuous, posterior pair slightly longer and more slender than

those of the anterior pair, the centrals almost obsolete. Cephalic area raised, the eyes appearing on distinct

tubercles, Central anterior eyes very large. Sternum almost circular. Legs long and slender, especially

in the male, the apex of the tibia and protarsus of the first pair sometimes being fringed with erect black

hairs, all very spinose; femora with 1—1 long spines on the dorsal ridge, and 3 or 4 apical spines,

not closely adjacent; patelli i., il., iii, and iv. each with a single apical spine. Tibi i. and ii. with

2—2—2—2 long spines beneath, besides lateral spines; protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2 long spines

LYSSOMANES. 179.

beneath and lateral spines as well; tibia and protarsi iii. and iv. also armed with long and numerous

spines. Mandibles of the female stout, convex, porrect, and armed in front with two pairs of short

bristles on the inner surface towards the base ; those of the male usually highly developed and elongate,

with the pairs of bristles as in the female, and the fang very long and sinuous.

The colour in nature is, by all accounts, bright grass-green, the cephalic area being often relieved by crimson

tufts of hair.

Members of this group are found in North, Central, and South America, in the

Antilles, Madagascar, Ceylon, and Samoa. ‘They have been split up into various

genera, of which we retain two only as likely to be permanent. These may be

distinguished as follows, according to Peckham, for I do not know Asemonea :—

GENERA.

A. Cephalic ocular quadrangle never more than one-third broader

than long. . . 2... Lyssomanes, Hentz.

B. Cephalic ocular quadrangle at least twice broader than long . . Asgmonea, O. P.-Cambr.

LYSSOMANES.

Lyssomanes, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 198, t. 17. fig. 3 (1844) ; Burgess, Spid. U.S.

p. 49, t. 7. fig. 3 (1875).

Jelskia, Taczanowski, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. viii. p. 128, t. 4. fig. 11 (1871).

Maroussa, Peckham, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 225 (Nov. 1888).

Type: of Lyssomanes, L. viridis (on tab. 7 in Burgess’s work ZL. viridans), Hentz, North and South Carolina;

of Jelskia, J. longipes, Tacz., Guiana ; of Maroussa, M. antillanus, Peckham, San Domingo.

Eyes in four transverse rows of two each; first pair very large, three times the diameter of those of the

second row; second pair separated nearly one diameter posteriorly from the anteriors; third pair very

small, nearer to those of the second than of the third; fourth pair slightly larger than those of the second

row ; eyes of the second row sometimes wider, usually as wide as or slightly narrower than those of the

first row. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes sometimes slightly longer than broad, or broader than long,

narrower behind. Ocular region high, obliquely vertical laterally. Sternum almost circular. Labium

and maxille long, the latter dilated at the apex. Legs variable in relative length, 1, 2,3, 4; 1, 4, 3, 2;

or 4, 1, 2, 3; ili. and iv. spinose. Protarsi i. and ii. with three pairs, tibia i. and ii. with two pairs of

long spines beneath ; femora i. and ii. more or less spinose, and with three or four spines gathered round

the apex; tarsal claws 2, claw-tuft present ; cox i. and ii. rather longer and stouter than iii. and iv.

Spinners short, tuberculiform; posteriors longer and more slender than the anteriors; centrals almost

obsolete. Mandibles of the male often very long, with elongate sinuous fang, similar in aspect to those of

the genus Tetragnatha, of the family Argiopide; those of the female simple, with two pairs of stiff

bristles meeting each other across the inner margin in front about the middle.

The characters given in the following Table will serve to distinguish the species

which are known to me :—

Males.

A. Upper inner margin of fang armed near its base with a more or less

developed tooth or spur.

a. Fang-tooth more remote from the base, not highly developed.

(Tibiz and protarsi of legs i. and 11. not clothed with distinct

fringes of black hair. Tibia of palpus with a distinct isolated

2at 2

180 ‘ARANEIDEA,

pencil of stiff bristles on the more or less gibbous upper

margin. Abdomen with two broken or unbroken dark

bands. Leg-segments sooty at their apex.)

1. Tibia of palpus four times longer than broad; pencil of bristles

situated just in front of the middle point of the gibbous upper

margin. Inner spine at apex of palpal organs longer and more

decidedly sinuous. Abdomen with two dark broken bands on the

dorsal area. a with broad central dark band behind the

eyes .

2. Tibia of palpus five’ times Houger than broad ; “peel of bristles

situated at the base of the anterior third of the segment on the

slightly gibbous upper margin. Inner spine at apex of palpal

organs shorter and less sinuous. Abdomen with two unbroken

bands on the dorsal area. Carapace without any dark band

behind the eyes . . . 2 oe

5. Fang-tooth close to the base, forming a well. developed spur.

(Carapace with a narrow dark band behind the eyes; abdomen

with two broken or unbroken dark bands on the dorsal

area.)

1. Tibia of palpus four times longer than broad, with a thick pencil of

bristles just behind the middle of the upper somewhat gibbous

margin. Protarsus i. having the apex fringed on both sides with

black hairs. Abdominal bands broken. Inner spine at the apex

of the palpal bulb long, more slender, and its point directed more

decidedly outward . :

2. Tibia of palpus five times longer than broad, without a any “pencil of

bristles on the upper margin. No fringes of black hairs, but only

a scanty fringe of pale hairs at the apex of protarsusi. Leg-

segments with apical black annulations. Abdominal bands entire.

Inner spine at the apex of the palpal bulb short, stouter, its

apex directed more inward i. AS 48

B. Upper margin of fang plain, not armed with any tooth or spur.

I. Leg i. heavily fringed on each side of the protarsus alone, or on both

tibia and protarsus.

aa. Apical third of tibia and protarsus i. heavily fringed on each side

with black hairs ; tibia ii. only slightly so.

1. Tibia of palpus three times longer than broad, witha small pencil

of bristles in the centre. Inner spine of palpal organs very

long, curving upwards and sinuously across, its point resting

within the cavity of the basal portion of the outer apical spine ;

the basal stalk of this long spine developed into a sharp spur

anteriorly. Apex of mandible with a very short blunt spur above.

2. Tibia of palpus four times longer than broad, with a thick pencil

of bristles situated a little anteriorly to the centre of the slightly

deinognathus, sp. n.

pachygnathus, sp. n.

protarsalis, sp. n.

| kee Peckh.

simplicipes, sp. n.

spiralis, sp. n.

LYSSOMANES. 18t

gibbous margin. Inner spine of palpal organs similar, but

shorter, its point falling well away from and above the outer

spine; the basal stalk of this spine with only a slight blunt

lobe anteriorly (not a sharp point). Apex of mandible with a

much longer and more slender spur above -

66. Protarsus i. alone heavily fringed on each side with black hairs.

1. Tibia of palpus with a thick pencil of bristles on the anterior

spinifer, sp. n.

[jemineus, Peckh.]

third of the upper margin, situated on an almost tuberculiform

gibbosity.

(Tibia of palpus nearly four times longer than broad. Inner

spine of the palpal organs long, stout, straight, slightly

curved at the apex, outer spine deeply bifid at the apex,

its basal portion with two large, sharp, curving spurs.) . {

2. Tibia of palpus plain, without any pencil of bristles along the

trifurcatus, sp. n.

patens, Peckh.

upper margin. Apex of mandible with a very inconspicuous

tooth above, a larger one below. Mandibles and fang much

less strongly developed than in any of the above species.

a. Inner spine of palpal bulb almost straight . . . . . . . remotus, Peckh.

b. Inner spine of palpal bulb strongly curved outwards over the

bulb. (See Peckham’s figure.) . . . . . . . . . . placidus, Peckh.

I]. Tibia and protarsus 1. without any decided fringe on each side; apex

of leg-segments dark. (Tibia of palpus four times longer than broad,

without a distinct pencil of bristles, but with a few more or less

scattered ones only on the upper margin, which is not gibbous.

Inner spine of bulb stout and curved outwards towards the apex.

Mandibles immensely stout ; fang deeply sinuous, forming a large

semicircular lobe at its base; apical tooth on the lower side deeply

bifid, the tooth on the upperside strongly developed.) . . . . . mandibulatus, sp. n.

Females.

A. Vulva presenting a pair of large circular, circular-oval, or elliptical

discs, lying just beneath the surface of the epidermis.

i. Size larger, length 9 millim. Vulva with two large circular-oval

discs two diameters apart.

(Between and behind them on the posterior margin is a triangular

white prominence, flanked on each side by a dark brown

sinuous spur. Between the discs appear a pair of dark spots

and in front of them another pair of sinuous spots, both

marking where portions of the oviduct approach the

surface.) . . . . . . . . oe . spinifer.

ii. Size smaller, length 6-7 millim. Vulva with two circular or ellip-

soidal discs adjacent or less than one diameter apart.

a. Discs circular, half a diameter apart, close to the posterior margin,

with a dark transverse curved bar embracing them in front . . elegans, sp. n.

482 ARANEIDEA.

b. Discs ellipsoidal or elongate-oval, obliquely convergent anteriorly,

their outline at this point obsolescent; with, anteriorly, a dark

sinuous chitinous rim outlining a shallow concave area, termi-

nating on each side in adark spot. . . . - ee » « gracihs, sp. n.

B. Vulva not presenting any pair of discs, either oval or sinomlar, Length

- 7 millim.

1. Vulva very simple, consisting of a long, broad, convex area, marked

with four red-brown curvilinear spots, traces of the oviduct and

perhaps orifices, forming a rectangle longer than broad

2. Vulva more complex, consisting of a pair of chitinous curving aeteas

converging upon the posterior margin or rima, but not meeting,

leaving a rectanguliform vacant space. A pair of dark spots appear

just in front of these pieces, and from them extend to the anterior

margin a pair of irregular, longitudinal, oval discs, enclosing a

trifurcatus.

blandus, Peckh.

narrow, triangular, pale space between their anterior margins. The

form of this vulvais also variable . . . . . . + + + «+ « deinognathus.

Norz.—The entire absence of any distinctive coloration and the close similarity in general structure of the

females of the five species known to me render the formation of a Table based on such characters impossible.

All the species are probably, in nature, bright emerald- or grass-green, with or without crimson spots on the

cephalic area. This last character, at first sight likely to be of use, fails—for examples occur of the same

species with crimson spots and others with entirely white hairs. They can, however, be easily identified, as

can most Salticids of the female sex, by the appearance or non-appearance beneath the epidermis of the

entrance to the ovaries, and the various convolutions of the oviduct.

1. Lyssomanes deinognathus, Sp.n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 5, 5a-c, ¢; 6, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, d 7, 2 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

‘The male of this species may be recognized by the tooth on the fang-margin and the

absence of decided fringes of hair on the protarsus of leg i. The legs have the apex of

the segments dusky ; and the abdomen, unicolorous below, has a longitudinal, broken,

olive-brown band on the dorsal area; the carapace has a broad central dark band. The

coloration, however, is so variable that little reliance can be placed on it, the whole

spider being probably green in life. Even the mandibles vary as to the number of

teeth in the same specimen. ‘The female has four black spots on the abdomen.

2. Lyssomanes pachygnathus, sp. n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 7, 7a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. GuatTeMALa (Sarg).

This species, of which a single male only has been received, may be distinguished

from L. deinognathus by the greater proportionate length of the tibia of the palpus,

and (if this be constant, which I very much doubt) by the pair of unbroken dark bands

on the dorsal area of the abdomen. The spur at the apex of the mandible beneath

LYSSOMANES. 183

has a stout tooth at its base, part of itself, and another isolated one near it. ‘This

character is also to be found in ZL. deinognathus, and in other general respects the two

species are very similar.

3. Lyssomanes protarsalis, sp. n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 3, 3a-c, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

Also represented in our collection by a single male. It may be recognized by the

tooth on the fang being situated quite close to its base, and by the protarsus i. being

fringed with black hairs in the apical third. The tibia of the palpus bears a thick

pencil of bristles just behind the middle on the upperside. The apex of the leg-

segments is not dark, and the carapace has a narrow dark band behind the eyes, while

the abdomen has two broken bands on its dorsal area.

4, Lyssomanes reductus.

Lyssomanes reductus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 100 (3) (April 1896) *.

Type, ¢,in coll. Peckham. Total length 6-3 millim.

Hab. Brivisn Honpvras !.

It is highly probable that this spider is identical with L. simplicipes, but without

figures of the palpal organs it is impossible to be at all sure.

5. Lyssomanes simplicipes, sp.n. (lab. XIII. figg. 4, 4a-d, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Four adult males only were taken by Mr. Sarg in Guatemala, and one by

Mr. Champion in the State of Panama. This species resembles L. protarsalis in

almost all respects, except that the tibia and protarsi, and to some extent the patelle

of the legs, are black at their apex; the protarsi of the first pair not being so thickly

fringed with black hair. The tibia of the palpus has no pencil of bristles on the upper-

side, and the abdomen has a pair of unbroken black bands, the carapace also having a

narrow dark band behind the eyes.

6. Lyssomanes spiralis, sp.n. (Tab. XII. figg. 11, ll ay, ¢ -)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Guatamata, Guatemala city (Séolé).

Two adult males only occur in the collection before me. This species may be

recognized by the absence of any tooth on the fang and by the semicircular spine on

the inner side of the palpal bulb; also by the fringe of black hairs on each side of the

apical third or halt of tibia and protarsus i. and of tibia ii. The apex of the mandible

184 ARANEIDEA.

above bears fewer spines than in most other species of the genus. Legs without

apical annulations to the segments. Carapace with a broad dark band behind the

eyes. Abdomen almost entirely unicolorous dark olive-brown, except a wedge-shaped

area on the anterior lateral margin, where the ventral and dorsal suffusions fail to

coalesce. |

L. spiralis is very similar to L. spinifer, but quite distinct.

7. Lyssomanes spinifer, sp.n. (Tab. XTI. figg. 12, 12 a-e, ¢; 18, 13 a, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 8, 2 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarq).

Eight adult males and two adult females have been received. ‘This spider closely

resembles L. spiralis, but the inner palpal spine is shorter and less circularly curved.

For detailed differences, see the Table of the species.

It is impossible to say whether the Central-American examples are really different

from L. jemineus, Peckh.; but in the figure given by Peckham of the male palpus

(t. 11. fig. 9) the inner spine decidedly varies in the direction of its curvature. It

is quite possible also that there should be several closely-allied species having the

strong fringe on the tibia and protarsus of legs i. and ii. So that, although one cannot

help suspecting that L. spinifer is identical with ZL. jemineus, one is not warranted in

thus identifying it without better evidence than that furnished by the figure and

description of the latter.

[8. Lyssomanes jemineus. (Tab. XIII. figg. 14, ¢; 15, 2.)

Lyssomanes jemineus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 234, t. 11. fig. 9 (¢), t. 12. fig. 14( ¢)

(Nov. 1888) *.

Type, g, in coll. E. Simon. Total length, ¢ 7°5, 2 8 millim.

Hab. Sourn America},

L. jemineus is merely included here for comparison with L. spinifer; the figures are

copied from Peckham’s work. |

9, Lyssomanes trifurcatus, sp.n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 9, 9a-c, g; 10, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6°5, 9 7 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This species, very closely allied to L. patens, Peckh., has the protarsus of the first

pair of legs heavily fringed with black hairs on the apical third of the segment. The

carapace and abdomen are entirely unicolorous, while the apex of the t bie and patelle

of the legs are slightly dusky. These colours, however, are not to be relied on for any

practical purposes. The fang of the mandible has no tooth. The figure of the palpus of

L. patens, Peckh., would seem to suggest that these examples from Bugaba are identical

with his species; but a single figure of these complicated organs is not sufficient, and the

LYSSOMANES. 185

absence of any clypeal space below the anterior eyes, if correctly drawn, disposes at

once of the supposition that the two are identical. ‘Che outer palpal organs present a

large trifurcate structure, whose upper anterior prong is itself deeply bifid. |

10. Lyssomanes patens. (Tab. XIII. fgg. 1, 1a, 3; 2,24, 9.)

Lyssomanes patens, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 99, t. 7. figg. 8, 8a (3);

8b, c (%) (April 1896) '.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 7 millim.

Hab. Britiso Honpvuras!; Panama},

In the figure of the eyes of the male of this species the clypeus is represented as

though entirely obsolete. If this be so, L. patens is very distinct from L. trifurcatus,

as one might have otherwise been inclined to doubt. Peckham, however, makes no

mention of this character in the description. In drawing the eyes from in front, and

somewhat also from above, the clypeus would naturally disappear beneath the anterior

eyes; but in that case these eyes should be represented as ellipsoidal, not circular. In

_the adjacent figure of the female, drawn from the same position, the clypeus is very

evident. One can only conclude that the clypeus in the male is obsolete.

11. Lyssomanes placidus. (Tab. XIII. fig. 13, 3.)

Lyssomanes placidus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 229, t. 11. fig. 5 (g¢) (Nov. 1888) ?.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6-8 millim.

Hab. Mexico 1.

12. Lyssomanes remotus. (Tab. XIII. figg. 8, 8a-c, 2.)

Lyssomanes remotus, Peckh. Occas, Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 100, t. 7. figg.9,9a (o)

(April 1896) *. .

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. GuateMaa (Sarg); Panama (Keyserling 3).

I have little doubt that the male taken by Mr. Sarg in Guatemala is identical with

L. remotus, Peckh., though the figure of the palpal organs is not quite sufficiently

detailed to enable one to be quite confident. The palpal organs are simple, the inner

spine being straight, stout, bluntly pointed, and not curved at the apex; the outer spine

is broadly convex basally, terminating in a curved sharp point, directed inward. The

mandibles have a dark band down the centre above; the carapace has a dark central

thoracic band behind the eyes; the abdomen has two broad, unbroken, longitudinal

dark bands; the ventral area is unicolorous. The protarsus i. is heavily fringed on

the apical third with black hairs, otherwise the legs are unicolorous.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., December 1900. 2 Bt

186 ARANEIDEA.

13. Lyssomanes mandibulatus, sp.n. (Tab. XIII. figg. 11, 11 a-c,.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua (Sarg).

The apex of the leg-segments in this species is black, and there is only a very light

fringe of dark hairs on each side of the apex of protarsus i. There is also a central

thoracic and postero-lateral marginal dark band; while the abdomen, unicolorous

below, bears two broken dark dorsal bands. For a description of the palpal organs,

see the Table of the species. Two adult males only occur in our collection.

14. Lyssomanes blandus. (Tab. XIII. fig. 17, 2.)

Lyssomanes blandus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vil. p. 241, t. 12. fig. 18 ( 2) (Nov. 1888) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 7-4 millim.

Hab. GuateMata }.

The form of the vulva of this species as drawn by Peckham is very similar to that of

L. trifurcatus, but whether the two species are identical or not I cannot say.

15. Lyssomanes elegans, sp.n. (Tab. XII. fig. 14, 2; Tab. XIII. figg. 12,

12a, 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Three females only, which can be at once recognized by the form of the vulva

(Tab. XII. fig. 14; Tab. XIII. fig. 12).

16. Lyssomanes gracilis, sp.n. (Tab. XIII. fig. 16, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. GuatEmaa (Sarg).

A single female only, also recognizable by the form of the vulva.

ASEMONEA.

Asemonea, O. P.-Cambridge, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) iii. p. 65, t. 5. figg. 50-52 ute60):

Asamonea, K. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. x. p. 27 (1885).

Type of A. tenuipes, O. P.-Cambridge, Ceylon; of A, puella, E. Simon, Landana.

‘The difference between this genus and Lyssomanes lies in the greater breadth of the

ocular quadrangle; but as to whether this character is the only one or of sufficient

importance on which to base a separate generic group, one cannot at present offer any

opinion.

1. Asemonea flava. (Tab. XIII. fig. 18, 9.)

Asamonea flava, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 246, t. 12. fig. 18 (2) (Nov. 1888) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5:6 millim.

AMYCEA.

Hab. Cenrrat AMERICA },

187.

No example of this species is to be found in our collection, the generic characters

being taken from Peckham’s work.

Group AMYCEZ.

GENERA.

A. Spines beneath tibie i. and ii. in pairs of 2—2—2—2, those beneath

protarsi i. and ii. in pairs of 2—2—2, with or without lateral spines.

(Small eyes situated nearer the posterior laterals. Mandibles

often highly developed in the males, with 2—2 teeth in both

sexes, set widely apart in the male. Cephalic region, in the

male, with a tuft of hairs on each side about the middle, in

a line with tke small eyes, convex in the middle in both

sexes, viewed in profile. Clypeus not higher than, often less

than, one-third of the diameter of an anterior central eye.

Leg i. longest in the male; leg iii. longest in the female.

Bulb of palpus not produced basally beyond the apex of the

tibia. Spine of bulb apical, slender, and cirenlany curved,

somewhat as in Sidusa.)

B. Spines beneath tibiz i. and ii. in pairs of 2-22, those beneath

protarsi i. and ii. in pairs of 2—2, with or without lateral spines.

i. Mandibles in both sexes with from 2—5 or 6—5 teeth. Clypeus in

male not less than a full diameter of an anterior central eye; in

the female (Titanattus, 9 unknown) about half a diameter.

a. Anterior row of eyes strongly recurved . an

6. Anterior row of eyes only slightly recurved, by their posterior

margins. (Small eyes nearer the anterior laterals. Cephalic

area in the male with a tuft of hairs in front, behind and between

the central and lateral anteriors ; the area itself is flat in both

sexes, viewed in profile. Leg i. longest in the male, leg. 1.

longest in the female. Bulb of palpus not produced basally

beyond the apex of the tibia; palpal spine stout, springing

from the inner side of the bulb and curving round towards the

apex, with its point directed across the tarsus outwards.)

ii. Mandibles in male and female with a single tooth on the lower

margin and two teeth on the upper. Clypeus usually about one-

third of the diameter of an anterior central eye, often much less.

a. Tarsus of male palpus more elongate; bulb elongate, often

attenuate and produced beyond the apex of the tibia. Palpal

spine single, though sometimes bifid, springing either from the

outer apical margin or from the apex of the bulb itself, not

encircling the bulb in any way.

[(Hetorvs, Peckh.).

Coxpanus, nom. nov.

Trranarrus, Peckh.

Amycus, ©. L. Koch.

2B 2

188 ARANEIDEA.

aa. Palpal spine of male originating from the apex of the bulb,

usually slender, more or less circularly or spirally curved,

less frequently shorter and stouter.

1. Mandibles normal in the male sex . . . . . . - ~~ Supusa, Peckh.

2. Mandibles very much developed . .. . .- : Pensacoxa, Peckh.

6b. Palpal spine of male originating from the inner nde of the

apical half of the bulb, or from the apex of the inner lobe of

the bulb, the spine itself being longer or shorter, sometimes

slender, often stouter, and occasionally bifid.

a*. Palpal spine very fine, aculeate . . . . . . . . . COLONUS, gen. nov.

6*. Palpal spine stouter . . . - ; . . ., Cyrene, Peckh.

6. Tarsus of male palpus not elongate, but broad at t the base, more

or less circular, with the bulb also circular.

1. Spine of palpal bulb single, springing from the apex of the

inner side. Patella iii. not developed at the apex . . . . THorMss, gen. nov.

2. Spine of palpal bulb double; two distinct spines springing

usually from the outer side, often widely separate, the inner one

sometimes geniculate, the outer one usually the longest, more

or less encircling the bulb. Patella iii. more or less developed

at the apex. Vulva of female always with a deep, short,

transverse cavity about the middle, the upper margin forming

achitinousrim . . . .. .. .. =... . . . Hasronartvs, gen. nov.

Nots.—The genus Pardessus has not been included in this Table because the females alone are known to me.

COBANUS, nom. nov.

Helorus, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 28 (April 1896) (nomen przocce.*).

Type H. mandibularis, Peckham. Central America.

Male. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved. Centrals three times at least the diameter of the laterals.

Clypeus not more than one-fourth the diameter of an anterior central eye. Cephalic quadrangle broader

than long, slightly wider in front. Small dorsal eyes midway between the lateral eyes of both rows

(or, if anything, rather nearer to the posterior lateral eyes), Posterior laterals slightly larger than

the anterior laterals. Sternum a little longer than broad, rather broader behind. Legs 1, 3, 4, 2.

Coxa i. long, one-third longer than coxa ii. and more than one diameter of the segment apart at the base.

Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath and 2 small apical lateral spines. ‘Tibie i. and ii. with

2—2—2—2 spines beneath and 1—1 lateral spines on the inner side. Patellw i. with one small spine on

the inner side, ii., iii., and iv. with one on each side. Protarsi iii. and iv. with three distinct rings of

- spines—basal, central, and apical. Tibie iii. and iv. with, besides lateral spines, a single minute, basal,

dorsal spine. Labium scarcely longer than broad. Maxille long, rounded at the apex, and somewhat

dilate laterally. Posterior spinners very slightly longer and more slender than the anterior pair.

Mandibles either very long and divergent, or quite short, as in the females. Teeth 2—2 on the upper and

lower margins of the fang-groove, widely separate when the mandible is elongated. Fang long or short

according to the development of the basal segment, sometimes with an inner basal tooth.

Female. Characters as in the male, except that the coxe of legs i, ii., iii., and iv. are subsimilar, those of iv.

the longest. Sometimes a lateral spine outside tibie i. and ii. Patella i., ii., iii., and iv. with one spine

on each side. Femur of palpus with 1—1 dorsal spines. Mandibles with 2—2 apical teeth on the

upper and lower margins.

* Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins, ili, p. 309 (1802) (Hymenoptera).

COBANUOS. 189

Males.

A. Mandibles elongate, divergent ; teeth of upper and under sides wide

apart. Fang very long. Carapace without tufts of hair on the

cephalic area.

i. Fang with no tooth on the inner margin close to the base.

a. The two teeth on the upper margin much wider apart. Femur of

palpus clothed above with a dense tuft of white hairs. Patella

and tibia i. annulated at their apex with black. Femur i. dark

brown; protarsus i. brown, tarsus i. yellow. Legs 11. slightly

annulated with brown; iii. and iv. yellow, slightly annulated with

brown. Abdomen yellow with four dark spots, having between

them three or more dark “~-shaped marks. Tarsus of palpus

long and narrow, not broader at the base. Tibia of palpus at least

one-third longer than the patella. Spur shorter and broader. . ewxtensus, Peckh.

b. The two teeth on the upper margin much closer together. Femur

of palpus without tuft of white hairs. Legs without annulations.

Markings on abdomen and carapace obliterated. Tarsus of palpus

broader at the base. Tibia of palpus not more than one-fourth

longer than the patella. Spur more slender . . . . . . « wnicolor, sp.n.

. Fang with a tooth near the base on the inner margin... . . mandibularis, Peckh.

B. "“Mandibles not elongate or divergent, similar to those of the female ; ;

fang short. Cephalic area with a pair of short triangular tufts of hair

above (often obliterated). Femur of palpus without tufts of white hair

above. Legs i. entirely brown, the others yellow, more or less annu-

lated with pale brown.

1. Abdomen yellow, with four dusky spots on the central posterior

dorsal area. Paired teeth of mandibles situated opposite each other.

Tibial spur of palpus shorter and slightly curved . . . . flavens, Peckh.

2. Abdomen entirely dark olive-green above. Paired teeth of mandibles

well separate. Tibial spur longer and straighter. . . . . . . subfuscus, sp. n.

Females.

Vulva consisting of a broad semicircular disc, divided into two symmetrical

areas by a narrow, wedge-shaped, pale groove, wider behind, the rim

of which curves round to the sides, then inwards towards the base, and

suddenly downwards, at which point it is much blacker . . . . . flavens.

Norr.—The legs and carapaces of these spiders are so worn that most of the hairs and scales have been

obliterated. The femur, tibia, and protarsus i. are, however, evidently usually fringed with black hairs; the

protarsus especially so, being also a little curved. C’. perditus is unknown to me.

Peckham has suggested that C. flavens should form the type of a new genus based

on the short mandibles. We have, however, an adult male example which cannot be

separated from C. extensus, except that it has mandibles similar to those of the male

of C. flavens (i.e. similar to those of the females of the genus). I suspect that these

varieties of the male occur frequently, as they do in some other groups of the Salticide.

190 ARANEIDEA.

There are no females of either C. unicolor or C. extensus in our collection ;

C. mandibularis is unknown to me.

1. Cobanus unicolor, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 3, 34, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This species can be recognized by the absence of any tooth on the fang of the

mandible, by the closer proximity of the two upper teeth of the mandible, and by the

absence of dark annulations on the legs. This latter character may not, however,

prove constant. The tibia of the palpus is shorter in proportion than in C. extensus.

2. Cobanus mandibularis. (Tab. XIII. figg. 19, 194¢, 2.)

Helorus mandibularis, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 29, t. 2. figg. 1, la-c (3)

(April 1896) '.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Panama}.

No examples of this occur in our collection. It is a very large species, and may,

according to Peckham, be identified by the tooth on the inner side of the fang near

its base. Our figures are copied from those given by him.

3. Cobanus extensus. (Tab. XIII. fige. 20, 20a-g, g; 21, 21a, 2.)

go. 2

Helorus extensus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 80, t. 2. figg. 2, 2a, 6 (3)

(April 1896) °.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6-8-4 millim.

Hab. Panama!, Bugaba (Champion).

I can find no females in our collection which can be assigned to this species: there

are none large enough. The male may be recognized by the absence of any inner basal

tooth on the fang, and also by the wide separation of the two teeth on the lower

margin of the fang-groove. The mandibles vary considerably in Iength in different

examples. In fig. 2 of Peckham’s work}, tibia i. is represented as with three spines

only in the apical half: this must be incorrect, and suggests the genus Dendryphantes

(sec. Peckham).

4, Cobanus flavens. (Tab. XIV. figg. 1, la-d, 3; 2, 2af, 2.)

Helorus flavens, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 31, t. 2. figg. 3, 3a-c (d)

(April 1896) °.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham; deuterotype, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5°5, 2 6°5 millim.

Hab. Panama}. |

The female is here figured and described (see Table) for the first time. ‘The colour

is yellow, the abdomen having four black spots in the apical half. It is not possible

COBANUS.—AMYCUS. “191

at a glance to distinguish between this species and Amycus quadriguttatus, but the

-spinulation of the first pair of legs will determine the genus at once. The male may

be recognized by the fact that the mandibles are normal, as in the female, not

‘ elongated. :

5. Cobanus subfuscus, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 4, 4a, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

This species may be known by the yellow legs, the first pair darker, and the dark

-olive-green colour of the dorsal area of the abdomen. ‘The mandibles are normal,

but the two pairs of teeth are not opposite each other. If it were not for the

coloration and the shape of the tibial spur of the palpus, the form of the mandibles

might indicate that C. subfuscus was a variety of one of the other species, but, pending

the receipt of further material, I prefer to treat it as distinct.

6. Cobanus perditus.

Helorus perditus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 283, t. 17. fig. 19 (¢)'.

Type 3d, gynetype 2, in coll. Acad. San Francisco.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

The figure and description are not sufficiently detailed to enable one to judge of

either the genus or species to which this spider belongs.

TITANATTUS.

Titanattus, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 62 (Dec.).

Type 7. sevus, Peckham. Guatemala.

This genus is very closely allied to Amycus, differing only in the greater curvature of

the first row of eyes.

1. Titanattus sevus. (Tab. XV. figg. 1, 1 ak, ¢.)

Titanattus sevus, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 63, t. 2. figg. 1, l a-c (g) (Dec.)';

Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iil. 1, pp. 6, 17 (April 1896) ’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatema.a !?,

Our figures are partly taken from Peckham’s work.

AMYCUS.

Amycus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 182 (1846).

Type A. spectabilis, C. L. Koch. Brazil.

These characters are drawn in the main from A. benignus, Peckh.:—Male. Anterior row of eyes recurved by

their posterior margins; centrals twice the diameter of the laterals. Clypeus variable in size, from

equal, to almost twice the diameter of, an anterior central eye, concave. Cephalic quadrangle broader

192

ARANEIDEA,

Small dorsal eyes nearer the anterior laterals. Posterior laterals

Sternum a little longer than broad, rather wider behind. Legs 1,

than one diameter of a coxa apart. Protarsi i. and ii.

tibia i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath,

tra spines on the inner side. Patellee i. and ii-

than long, slightly wider in front.

slightly larger than anterior laterals.

38, 2, 4 (or 4, 2); coxa i. twice as long as coxa ii., more

with 2—2 spines beneath, no small apical lateral spines ;

one inner lateral spine towards the apex and sometimes ex

without spines, iii. and iv. with 1—1 on each side, or sometimes 1 on the inner side only (A. longipalpis).

Protarsi iii. with two rings of spines, iv. with an apical ring and two or three spines towards the base.

Tibix iii. and iv. without small dorsal basal spines. Labium slightly longer than broad. Maxille dilated

at the apex, more or less laterally produced. Central and posterior spinners more slender and longer

than the anterior. Mandibles not much developed, elongate or divergent, with 5—5 or 6—6 teeth,

Fang short, attenuate in the middle, compressed, dilate, scimitar-shaped in the apical half.

Female. Eyes, sternum, and spinners as in the male. Mandibles with 2—6 or 6—5 teeth; fang normal,

short, Coxe normal, subequal. Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 long spines, no apical ones; iii. and iv.

with apical spines and also two or three towards the base. Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines, and

sometimes an inner lateral spine. Tibia iv. without small dorsal basal spines. Patelle i. and ii. without

spines, iii. and iv. with one spine on the inner side.

Males.

A. Mandibles more or less convex above, without any long, stout, upper

B. Mandibles concave above, with a long broad tooth at the inner apical

inner apical marginal tooth, but with the margin produced, conical,

bent outwardly, with its edge sometimes minutely serrate. Maxillz

less dilate laterally at their apex. Patella of palpus equal to, or

shorter than, the tibia. Clypeus without central white tuft of

hairs. (Cephalic area clothed in front with a recumbent fringe

of fiery-red or white hairs. Carapace deep brown, almost black on

the clypeus, sides, and postero-thoracic region, with a longitudinal

white spot on the thoracic stria and a reddish tuft behind the dorsal

eyes. Abdomen pale olive-brown, with darker spots, and an

anterior narrow transverse white cincture, a central dorsal posterior

white line, and two longitudinal white lines on each side of the

middle ; sides with two or more spots of white hairs. Legs i. and i1.,

except the basal three-fourths of the femur and often the terminal

segments, deep brown; the others yellow, with dusky apical

annulations.). . . . . ... . benignus, Peckh.

upper angle, and a small sharp spine towards the outer apical angle,

where the ridge of the concavity terminates. Patella of palpus longer

than the tibia, sometimes nearly as long as the tibia and tarsus

together. Maxille more strongly developed laterally at the apex.

(Cephalic area clothed in front with a thick fringe of obliquely erect

red hairs tipped with brown, recumbent only in the centre. Ground-

colour of carapace unicolorous yellow, with a pure white tuft behind

the dorsal eyes. Abdomen pale yellow, usually with four black dots

more or less disconnected. Legs dull yellow-brown, often as in

A. benignus. Clypeus with or without central white tuft of hairs.)

Tarsus of palpus much shorter than the patella. Patella almost as

long as the tibia and tarsus together ; tibia one-fourth longer

-AMYCUS. 193

than the tarsus. No white spot in the centre of the clypeus.

Tarsus and bulb smaller, more elongate.

a. Tibia of palpus slightly longer than the tarsus. Tibial spur

parallel-sided, truncato-emarginate at the apex. Mandible

with six or seven small teeth om the lower margin.

aa. Palpal spine stout, sinuous, its apex slightly enlarged and

recurving forwards . . . .- . . + +. «+ » « » « palpinalis, sp. un.

bb. Palpal spine stout, sinuous, its apex aculeate . . . . . . longipalpus, Peckh,

6. Tibia of palpus not longer than, but as long as, the tarsus. .

Tibial spur broad at the base and rounded, attenuate towards

the apex and terminating in a blunt poimt. Mandible with

four or five teeth on the lower margin. Palpal spine stout,

uniformly curved, not sinuous, not enlarged or recurved at its

APEX. 2 we ee ee ee ee quadriguttatus, sp. n.

ii. Tarsus of palpus longer than the patella. Patella shorter than the

tarsus; tibia one-half shorter than the tarsus. Tarsus and bulb

larger and broader. A triangular white spot at the centre of

the clypeus beneath the anterior central eyes. Palpal spine

broad, geniculate on its upper outer side, and concavo-tubuliform

throughout its length. Tibial spur very similar to that of

A, quadriguttatus . . . « . hieroglyphicus, Peckh.; pacatus, Peckh. ; fallax, Peckh.

Norz.—The cephalic area is so liable to become rubbed that one must be very cautious in placing

confidence on characters taken from the superciliary hairs and scales.

Females.

A. Size much larger; abdomen with four dusky spots or a more or

less continuous broken band. Vulva consisting of a broad dark

red-brown chitinous piece with a large transverse oval concavity

near its anterior margin. Mandible with6—5 teeth . . . . . benignus.

B. Size much smaller; abdomen with a pair of dusky shoulder-spots,

followed by two pairs of black spots, sometimes connected, and

two dusky spots just above the spinners. Vulva consisting of two

large pale oval areas near the anterior margin, connected posteriorly

by a transverse recurved chitinous rim about midway between the

anterior and posterior margins. Mandible with 2—5 teeth . . . quadriguttatus.

1. Amycus benignus. (Tab. XIV. figg. 5, 5a-h, ¢; 6, 6a, 2.)

Triptolemus beniynus, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 64, t. 2. figg. 2, 2a, 6

Dec.) *.

eo eotones, Peckh. Oceas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soe. Wise. iii. 1, p. 18, t. 1. figg. 2, 20, d, e (¢),

2a, c (¢) (April 1896) *.

Amycus marjorii, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 25, t. 1. figg. 6, 6a-c (go), 6d (2) ”.

Type ¢, gynetype Q, of both A. beniguus and A. marjori, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 5-2, 2 6 millim.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., January 1901. 2 of

194 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Yzabal'?; Panama’, Bugaba

(Champion). :

Having carefully examined numerous males and females from various localities of

the two forms described by Peckham under the names A. benignus and A. marjorit,

differentiated by the relative height of the clypeus, I have come to the conclusion

that they belong to one and the same species. I cannot discover that the males differ

constantly in any respect, either in the form of the tibial spur or in that of the tarsal

bulb and spine. ‘The varying height of the clypeus is a phenomenon frequent

amongst spiders in the male sex. In the case of the forms under consideration, on the

clypeus of those in which it is higher than the central anterior eyes will be

observed an obscure transverse line: this marks the line of the normal development

of the clypeus. In the specimens named A. marjorii the mandibles are not protruded

beyond this line. In the case of those named A. benignus there are two forms: (1) with

the connective membrane recently protruded with the mandibles, and still remaining

diaphanous (in which case it is not always easy to determine the height of the

clypeus); (2) with the protruded connective membrane chitinized by exposure,

forming an extension of the original normal clypeal margin. Neither can I find any

difference in the females collected with these two forms which would suggest that

there were two distinct species.

2. Amycus quadriguttatus, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 7,7 a-c, ¢; 8, 8a, 2.)

Type od, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, d 5, 9 4°5 millim.

For characters, see the Table of the species.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ; Guatemaa (Sarg) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

It appears to me pretty certain that the female I have placed with the male of this

species is identical with A. hieroglyphicus, Peckh.; but considering that the males of

A. quadriguttatus are far more abundant in our collection than those of A. hiero-

glyphicus (there being only two of the latter), it is probable that the females belong

to the former, |

3. Amycus hieroglyphicus. (Tab. XIV. fige. 9, 9 a-c, ¢; 10, 2.)

Amycus hieroglyphicus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 28, t. 1. figg. 4,

4a(?),46,¢(38) (April 1896) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama}.

A couple of males, which I identify as this species from the drawing of the palpus,

were taken in Mexico. Whether there is any difference between this and A. fallax

it is difficult to gather from the descriptions, and unless the peculiarities represented

in the figures are pointed out they lose much of their value.

AMYCUS. 195

4. Amycus pacatus. (Tab. XV. figg. 3, 3a, 3.)

Amycus pacatus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 20, t. 1. figg. 5-5 ¢ (3)

(April 1896) *.

Type, 3, in coll. Peckham. Total length 8 millim.

Hab, CENTRAL AMERICA 1,

_ Peckham gives no distinct clue as to how this species is to be distinguished from

A. hieroglyphicus, except that in A. pacatus the “ falces are almost as long as the

face”; while in A. hieroglyphicus the “falces are plainly shorter than the face”

(see his Table on page 6). The value of this distinction all depends on the exact

meaning one ascribes to plainly and almost. Considering the variability in the form of

the mandibles in the males of the Salticidee, one would have hoped for a more satis-

factory distinction. Our figures of this and of the next species are taken from his work },

5. Amycus fallax. (Tab. XV. figg. 4, ¢; 5, 2.)

Amycus fallax, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 1, p. 22, t. 1. figg. 8, 3a,b(¢),

3c (¢) (April 1896) *.

Type 3d, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 5:5 millim.

Hab. Panama}.

The difference between this species and the two foregoing lies in the absence of red

hairs round the eyes.

6. Amycus longipalpus.

Amycus longipalpus, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 66, t. 2. fig. 3 (¢) (Dec.)';

Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 19 (¢) (April 1896) *.

Type, do, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Guatemata!?,

Peckham says there are several species closely allied to this one, and the figures of

the tarsus and palpal bulb are decidedly different from those of A. palpinalis. The

apex of the spine is aculeate, instead of enlarged, while the tarsus itself, as drawn, is

much shorter. The Table on page 6 of his work ? leaves one to infer that the mandible

has no apical apophysis, but the text describes such a tooth. It is stated on page 202

that the tibia of the palpus has a strong apophysis at the distal end, on the outer side.

There may, however, be several species of which this would be true, e.g. A. guadri-

guttatus. One needs to know the length, breadth, and shape of it, if the character is

to be of any practical value.

7. Amycus palpinalis, sp.n. (Tab. XIV. figg. 11, 11 a-e, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7-5 millim.

For characters, see the Table of species.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

196 ARANEIDEA.

8, Amycus spiralifer, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 2, 2a-e, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

This species, which was accidentally omitted from the Table (on p. 192), may be

recognized at once by the stout spur or cusp on the outer anterior margin of the

mandible and by the long spiraloid spine encircling the palpal bulb. The mandibles

have a tuft of white hairs at the base in front.

SIDUSA.

Jotus, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 71 (Dec.) (nec Keyserling).

Sidusa, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 8, p. 175 (Dec. 1895).

Chapodu, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 26 (April 1896).

Escambia, Peckham, tom. cit. p. 41 (April 1896). .

Dynamius, Peckham, tom. cit. p. 12 (April 1896).

Type of Sidusa, S. gratiosa, Peckh., Amazons; of Chapoda, C._festiva, Peckh., Guatemala ; of Escambia,

E. conspecta, Peckh., Guatemala.

I do not know the type-species of Sidusa, but S. recondita occurs in our collection.

I am quite unable to find any definite characters to distinguish the genera here

included under Sidwsa. Peckham originally placed the genus under the Homalattee,

on account of the posterior eyes being on the margin of the carapace and giving ita

broader appearance. But if S. recondita be a Homalattid, so also is Chapoda festiva

and C. sulphurea for the same reason; neither can one eventually keep out all the

Escambie, since they present every grade in the position of the posterior eyes and

in the declivity or otherwise of the posterior portion of the carapace. If Jotus

opimus of Peckham be really congeneric with Keyserling’s type of Jotus, from

Australia, then this name will have priority over Sidusa.

The following characters are common to the various species included :—

Eyes of anterior row forming a line straight by the posterior margins or slightly recurved; laterals half the

diameter of the centrals. Cephalic quadrangle broader than long, but variable, usually somewhat wider

in front. Posterior eyes sometimes marginal, sometimes submarginal; small eyes either midway or

nearer the anterior or posterior laterals. Carapace, in profile, sloping downward more or less abruptly

behind the posterior eyes, or prolonged behind these eyes, and gradually declivous to the posterior margin.

Tibia i. with 2—2—2 spines beneath, the last pair being basal, and the basal spine on the inner side

sometimes absent, with or without lateral spines. Protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath, and with or

without laterals. Patelle i., ii., iii., and iv. with spines on each side, or absent or only one on i. and ii.

Tibie i. and ii. very seldom with, and iii. and iv. with or without, a small dorsal basal spine. Protarsi iii.

and iv. with three rings of spines—a basal, median, and apical group. Sternum varying from circular to

being twice longer than broad. Anterior coxs wide apart, so that the sternum is usually broad in front.

Abdomen oval or elongate-oval; spinners long, slender, medians scarcely shorter than the posteriors,

anterior pair stouter. Tarsus and bulb of male palpus elongate, the latter often produced basally, with an

apical palpal spine, slender or sometimes stouter, circularly or spirally curved. Mandibles short, straight,

vertical, with a large broad tooth beneath (but variable) and two smaller ones above.

SIDUSA. 197

It is quite possible that Sidusa as here understood will eventually be split up

into various more or less natural and convenient genera, including those founded

by Peckham, but it will need vastly more material before anything final can be

settled. oo

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Mandibles not excavate in front on the inner margin.

I. Femur, patella, tibia, and sometimes protarsus and even tarsus of

legs i., or i. and ii., or 1., ii., iii, more or less distinctly fringed with

hairs above and beneath, or on the sides.

A’. Leg i. only ornamented with fringes of hair.

i. Femur, patella, and tibia only of leg i. ornamented with long erect

fringes, more noticeable above and below the tibia, which is

somewhat incrassate. [Tibia of palpus with a tuft of hairs on

both sides ; spur short and incurved, lying close upon the bulb,

its apex sharp. Apical spine making a single bold circular

sweep, but otherwise very similar to that of allied species.

Carapace orange, clothed with silver and golden-orange hairs,

with cephalic area black, margined with a band of white hairs,

and a central and a lateral brown band. Abdomen whitish-

yellow, with many dorsal mottlings and spots of brown, more

distinct in the form of dark brown chevrons towards the

spinners; with a band of silvery hairs on the anterior margin,

more thinly scattered over the dorsal area; ventral area yellow.

Base of tibia and base and apex of protarsi iii. and iv. black.

Femur of leg i. fringed above with black hairs tipped with

white, patella and tibia fringed above and below, the latter

black with a tuft of white scales on the inner side towards the

base. Tibie ii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.] . . cristata, sp. n.

i. Femur, patella, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus of leg i. ornamented

with shorter fringes of hair on the sides of the tibia, which is

not incrassate. [Femur, patella, and tibia of palpus fringed with

long hairs, but no definite tuft; spur long, sinuous, incurved

upon the side of the bulb and somewhat clavate at its apex.

Apical spine making a bold double spiral circular sweep, the

centre very dilate. Carapace orange, cephalic area and margins

dark, clothed with silver and golden-grey hairs; clypeus with

an erect “ mustache ” of white hairs. Abdomen dorsally mottled

with black streaks, with a black wedge-like spot above the

anal tubercle; encircled with a marginal pale band, which is

broken in front. Ventral area pale, with indications of longi-

tudinal brown bands towards the spinners. Leg i. very dark

brown, with short fringes of black hairs along the sides,

198 ARANEIDEA.

including even the tarsus (very different to those of S. cristata).

Legs ii., iii., and iv. yellow, suffused and annulated with brown ;

tibiz iii. and iv. with a conspicuous narrow dorsal central black

band, with also a dorsal basal spine.] . . . . «© « + + = spirorhis, sp. n.

B’. Legs i. and ii., or i., ii., and iii. fringed with hairs.

i. Femur, patella, tibia, and protarsus of legs i. and ii. only fringed

with hairs. Apical spine of bulb less widely curved from

its base. |

aa. Clypeus clothed with white and grey hairs or scales, or with

both hairs and scales.

* Small eyes situated midway between the anterior and

posterior laterals. Fringes on legs i. and ii. more con-

spicuously crested and tipped with white. Tibial spur

shorter and stouter. Tibiz i. and ii., especially 11., com-

pressed on the dorsal and inner sides, forming a spinigerous

ridge. [Abdomen clothed dorsally with golden-green

scales, having a series of transverse dusky-brown chevrons

towards the spinners, and an anterior submarginal black

band, followed by an irregular white band and some lateral

brown spots, Tibie i. and ii. and the mandibles blue,

iridescent, ‘Tibiz iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal

spine]. . 6 ee ew ew ee ee we we ee COnspecta, Peckh.

** Small eyes distinctly (in some cases only one-third from)

nearer the posterior lateral eyes. Fringes on legs i. and ii.

less distinctly crested and not tipped with white.

AA. Apical spine of bulb longer and more spiraloid.

a. Tibial spur of palpus very long and slender, filiform,

sharp at the apex. Tibiz i. and ii. cylindrical, not

compressed on the dorsal and inner sides. Abdomen

without any anterior marginal band of yellow hairs,

but with a transverse white spot below the middle on

each side, and another less conspicuous one on each

side nearer the anal tubercle. Tibiz i. and ii. and the

mandibles brown; the middle only of protarsi iii.

andiv.yellow .........2.242824

6. Tibial spur of palpus much shorter, stouter, and bluntly

pointed. Tibiz i. and ii., especially ii., compressed

dorsally and on the sides. Abdomen with a broad

band of yellow hairs on the anterior margin and

shoulders ; a transverse white or yellow band on each

side behind the middle, a few white or yellow central

chevrons and a white spot on each side nearer and in

front of the anal tubercle. All the legs, palpi, and

mandibles more or less blue, iridescent, cephalic area

albicincta, sp. n.

SIDUSA. 199

clothed with azure-blue scales. Protarsi and _ tarsi

iil, and iv. entirely yellow. Tibis iii. and iv. with a

dorsal basal spine . . . . flavida, sp. n.

BB. Apical spine of bulb quite short and only slightly curved.

(Tibial spur long and slender. Abdomen with a curved

shoulder-spot of white hairs on each side anteriorly ;

sides of dorsal area black, apical half with a central

dorsal white band, with four or five dusky chevrons;

sides conspicuously white. Central spinners white,

anterior and posterior pairs black. Legs and mandibles

not blue or iridescent, but brown. Legs iii. and iv.

yellow, suffused with brown. Tibie i. and ii. cylin-

drical, not compressed ; iii. and iv. with a small dorsal

basal spine.]. 2. 2... wee . brevispina, sp. n.

66. Clypeus clothed and anterior central eyes encircled with dull

orange scales. ['Tibial spur very long and slender, divergent,

filiform, sometimes aculeate, but more often furculate at the

apex ; apical spine and bulb not widely curved at its base, but

similar to that of S. conspecta and S. albicincta. Tibia ii.

blue, iridescent, but only in some examples. Abdomen

clothed with golden-green scales, with a black anterior

submarginal band, followed by a narrow white band, with a

short white transverse spot on each side behind the middle

and a smaller white spot on each side, nearer together, in

front of the anal tubercle. Legs unicolorous brown or

dull yellow. Tibie i. and ii. not compressed ; iii. and iv.

with i a small dorsal basal spine.] . 2. . 2... . . lutea, sp. n.

ii, Legs i., ii., and iii. with fringing hairs, those of the latter more

decidedly crested. Apical spine of bulb much more widely

curved from its base and more spiraloid. [Tibial spur very long

and slender, often widely divergent, filiform, and aculeate at its

apex. Tibia and protarsus iii., sometimes also i. and ii., blue,

iridescent, the former compressed dorsally and on the sides.

Abdomen variable, with or without a large central anterior dorsal

spot of yellow hairs, always with a short transverse white spot

or bar just beyond the middle, and another smaller white

spot on each side, nearer together, towards the anal tubercle.

Carapace with a broad white marginal band on the posterior

half, besides other white spots of scales (usually more or less

rubbed off) on the cephalic area. Tibiz iii. and iv. with a

dorsal basal spine.]. . 2. 2 1 1 1. 1. we ee spiralis, sp. n.

II. Legs i., ii., and iii. not fringed with hairs.

aaa. Legs i. and ii. thickly clothed with black hairs. [Tibial spur

long and slender, apical spine spiraloid. Carapace with a white

200

bbb.

ARANEIDEA.

marginal band. Abdomen with a brown spot on each side just

before the middle and a row of brown chevrons towards the

spinners. Femora i. and ii. blue, iridescent. Ventral area black,

with two narrow longitudinal white lines. Tibie ii. and iv.

with a dorsal basal spine. ]

Legs i. and ii. not thickly, but only apewely aid normally, clothed

with hairs.

A>, Maxille normally developed, not unusually dilate at the apex

or deeply emarginate on the outer side. Sternum scarcely

longer than broad.

i, Abdomen yellow-brown or olive-green, with a broad pale dorsal

central band somewhat dilate behind the middle.

a. Patella of palpus dilate before the middle of the outer margin.

Femur of palpus with a stout conical spur beneath, at the

apex. Palpal spine longer and more slender. [Femur of

palpus with a tuft of white hair at the apex above. ]

b. Patella of palpus not dilate on the outer margin. [Femur of

palpus much longer (S. inermis) or shorter (as in S. festiva

and S. recondita), but without any conical spur beneath at

the apex. Palpal spine shorter and stouter. |

a’. Femur of palpus longer. Cephalic area with two erect

tufts of hair just before the middle. [Femur of palpus

with a tuft of white hairs at the apex above. |]

6’. Femur of palpus shorter. Cephalic area without the

two erect tufts of hair just before the middle. [Femur

of palpus with a tuft of white hairs above at the

apex.| .

11, Abdomen brown or black, with a sulphur-yellow shoulder-spot,

a short transverse band on each side just behind the middle,

and a pair of smaller spots, nearer together, toward the anal

tubercle. [Tibial spur of palpus a little longer than the

segment, sparsely truncate at the apex (possibly accidental) .

Bulb not developed at the base, with a fine curved spine

at the apex, forming a small but complete circle, its point

slightly recurved. (Femur of palpus without any definite

tuft of white hairs at the apex above.) |

iii, Abdomen yellow, with a narrow black central dorsal band

extending from the anterior margin to the spinners, where

it gradually attenuates to a point. [Tibia of palpus with a

blunt protuberance beneath at the base; apical spur slender,

straight, blunt, minutely serrulate beneath, directed obliquely

forward ; the tibia itself, viewed from the outer side, being

as long as broad. Bulb very large, developed and attenuate

basally. Apical spine stout, short, circularly curved ; viewed

binotata, sp. n.

festiva, Peckh.

inermis, Sp. 0.

recondita, Peckh.

sulphurea, sp. n.

SIDUSA. 201

from the inner side it appears bifid, oming to the base being

very protuberant.] . . : . » nigropicta, sp. n.

Bb, Maxille highly developed, dilate, the ‘outer, margin so deeply

emarginate as to leave the outer apical angle strongly recurved

and a stout conical tooth about the middle. Sternum twice

longer than broad. [Patella of palpus dilate behind the middle

of the inner margin; tibia with a conspicuous concayvo-conical

spur beneath; femur without any spur beneath. Bulb small

(as in S. festiva), attenuate, and curved basally, apical spine

short, stout, spirally curved. Femur of palpus without a tuft

of white hairs at the apex above.]. . . . . . + + + « masillosa, sp. n.

B. Mandibles more or less excavate on the inner margin in front.

Legs 1, 4, 2, 3.

i. Excavation of mandibles simple, without any cusp-like tooth in the

middle.

a. Bulb of palpus much more elongate, either abruptly notched or

broadly excavate on the inner basal margin.

a’. Bulb of palpus abruptly notched on the inner basal margin ;

apical spine shorter, quite slender. Tibia with a single

slender spur. Legs unicolorous brown. [Carapace and legs

clothed with azure-blue scales. Clypeus not clothed with

white hairs. Abdomen with black shoulders, followed by a

patch of yellow hairs, and, in the apical half, five or six dusky.

brown chevrons. Excavation of mandibles gradual, not con- .

fined to the middle of the inner margin.]. . . excavata, sp. n.

2), Bulb of palpus not abruptly notched, but broadly and deeply

excavate on the inner basal margin; apical spine broad, flat,

circular, slightly dilate at the apex. Tibia with two spurs,

having a small cusp between ;. the upper spur more slender,

but short, curved, and sharp, the lower stouter, straight, but.

also short. Legs i. brown, ii., iii., and iv. yellow with black.

annulations. [Clypeus with a fringe of white hairs; carapace

brown, with a broad band of white hairs round the cephalic:

area behind the posterior eyes. Abdomen brown, with an.

anterior marginal pale band, a transverse continuous post-

median cincture uniting with another above the spinners, to.

isolate a large transverse oval brown patch, with two pale

chevrons on its disc; ventral area with a broad sooty-black

central band extending from the genital rima almost to the

spinners.}. . . . . nigriventer, sp.-n:

b. Bulb of palpus less elongate, not "notched, abruptly constricted or

excavate on the inner basal margin. [Legs ii., iil., and iv. yellow,.

annulated with black or brown. Carapace and legs without

azure-blue scales. Clypeus and base of mandibles clothed with

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., January 1901. 2.pp

202 ARANEIDEA.

white hairs. Abdomen without black or yellow shoulder-spots,

but with a more or less connected central dorsal black band.

Excavation of mandibles abrupt, confined to the centre of the

inner margin in front. ]

1. Leg i. longer in proportion. Apical spine of palpal bulb much

less widely spiraloid . . ee

2. Leg i. shorter in proportion. Apical spine of palpal bulb longer

and more widely spiraloid. . . . . . .. .

ii. Inner excavate margin of the mandibles in front with a stout cusp-

like tooth about the middle. Apical spine of palpal bulb stout,

widely curved, having a cusp on its outer margin . oy

Females.

A. Protarsus i. without lateral spines either on the inner or outer side, in

addition to the two pairs beneath.

i, Tibiz iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine on each. Tibia i.

with one or more lateral spines on the inner side alone, or on

both sides.

a. Tibia i. with one or more lateral spines on each side. [Vulva with

a pair of closely approximate brown discs a quarter of their

diameter apart, one-half their diameter from the genital rima,

each connected with an orifice by a curved duct, the concavity

of the curve being directed inward ; behind these lie a pair of

elongate, convergent, indistinctly visible sacs.].

6. Tibia i. with one or more lateral spines on the inner side only.

1. Abdomen unicolorous yellow, with a central dorsal band of

indistinct chevrons. Cephalic area, as far as the central stria,

black ; or, abdomen with a broad dorsal dark pattern, ending

in a very dark V-shaped mark just above the spinners, lateral

area pale, lower lateral area streaked with black. Legs in

both varieties unicolorous yellow. Vulva variable, forming

an obtuse triangle, with a pair of conspicuous black spots

situated anteriorly, each connected with ducts which curve

slightly backward then inward, where they coalesce on the

central line and, diverging again on the posterior margin, are

lost ; on each side of this central line lie a pair of more or less

distinct convolutions of the oviducts . . , ‘

2, Abdomen dark brown, with a white V-shaped band iamediatsly

above the spinners ; lateral area brown. Legs very decidedly

annulated with black. Carapace brown and clothed to the

central stria with white hairs. Vulval area very large, forming

a broad transverse oval, divided into two oval areas by acentral

chitinous septum. For further details, see Plate .

3. Carapace dull brown; abdomen ochreous-yellow, speckled with

black and with a /“\-shaped central dusky mark. Vulval

penicillata, sp. n.

minuta, sp. 0.

dentichelis, sp. n.

olivacea, sp. n.

nigrina, sp. ni.

albida, sp. n.

SIDUSA. 203

area obtuse triangular, consisting of a pair of oval areas, their

outer margins slightly sinuous, divided in the central line by a

narrow septum, with a pair of large indistinct adjacent discs

near the posterior margin. For further details, see Plate . . pallida, sp. n.

4. Carapace brown, cephalic area darker. Legs yellow, only very

indistinctly annulate. Abdomen pale ochreous-yellow, more

or less distinctly mottled with brown and black spots, the

most conspicuous being a small anterior central dorsal horse-

shoe mark, a .~\-shaped mark at the middle, and a small,

distinct, black, wedge-shaped mark just above the spinners.

Vulval area* broad transverse-oval, but variable in form, con-

sisting of a pair of oval or circular-oval discs, divided by a

narrow septum. For further details, see Plate. . . . . . véttata, sp. n.

ii. Tibie iii. and iv. without any dorsal basal spine. Tibia i. without

any lateral spines on either side.

1. Carapace brown; abdomen pale, with speckles and markings very

much as in S. vittata; legs very distinctly annulated with black.

Vulval area broad transverse-oval, the posterior margin sinuous,

divided, though not very definitely, into a pair of oval areas,

each with a pair of dark adjacent circular discs situated close

to the genital rima, their inner margins forming a curving duct

leading to black spots on the anterior portion of each area. . . penicillata.

2. Carapace brown, with rose-pink iridescence, posterior lateral

margin with a broad blotch of yellow scales. Abdomen brown,

with a pair of yellow shoulder-spots, a pair of curved transverse

yellow bars behind the middle, followed by two or three small

central spots, a larger yellow spot just above the spinners and

one on each side of it. Legs unicolorous yellow-brown, i. and

ii. darker. Vulval area elongate-oval, with a pair of sometimes

adjacent, sometimes slightly separate, dark circular discs situated

on the genital rima, in front of each being a spiraloid duct

of about the same diameter as the discs, connected with a central

black spot 2. ee ee ee - oe ew ew ew we) SUlphuren.

B. Protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides, in addition to the two

pairs beneath.

i. Tibize iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine on each.

a. Tibia i. with one or more lateral spines on the inner side only.

aa. Carapace without any broad lateral posterior marginal band of

white or yellow scales.

1. Abdomen golden-buff, with a broad black anterior marginal

band, followed by a sinuous white line on each side not

united in the middle; a pair of black posterior dorsal spots,

* It is possible that the varieties of S. nigrina and S, vittata figured may really belong to a distinct species,

but I hesitate to separate them on so few examples.

2 pf 2

ARANEIDEA.

with a circular white bar on each side, together forming a

transverse “ parenthesis,” each being often broken up into

two separate spots. Legs yellow, annulated with brown or

black. Vuiva very distinct in form, consisting of a pair of

larger adjacent central circular dark discs, well removed,

nearly two diameters, from the genital rima, and a smaller

oval dark spot on each side, its position not always constant,

connected with the others by a duct sweeping backward in

a circular lobe, with also another shorter circular connecting

duct beneath . . .. . oe ‘ . voluta, sp. n.

2. Abdomen with a broad anterior marginal “band of sulphur-

yellow scales, followed by a transverse white bar on each

side ; just behind the middle are two very small central dots,

and two small, but more conspicuous, white spots, widely

separate, above the spinners. Vulva consisting of a pair of

circular adjacent dark discs, one-fourth their diameter

distant from the genital rima, with a very widely curved

spiro-circular duct, connected with a central dark spot . . flavida.

3. Abdomen rich black-brown, with an anterior dorsal curving

hieroglyphic white band on each side, not connected on the

front middle line, followed to the spinners by a broad

central pale band, relieved by a series of five or six brown

chevrons; lateral area streaked with black anteriorly, but

white in the posterior half. Vulval area broad, transverse-

oval, with a large, dark, reniform disc on each side of the

anterior lateral margin, and a pair of obliquely transverse-

oval dark discs, posteriorly, about one transverse diameter

from the genital rima, with a pair of dark black spots in the

central portion between the reniform discs . . . . . « Orevispina.

bb. Carapace with a broader or narrower posterior-lateral marginal

band of white or yellow hairs and scales.

1. Abdomen brown and white mottled, with a central pale band,

resolved into five or six pale chevrons, to the spinners, and

four white spots, set in brown patches, the first pair smaller,

the second larger and transverse. Legs orange-yellow, with

dusky annulations. Vulval area transverse-oval, emarginate

before and behind, divided into a pair of large circular-oval

adjacent discs, whose outer margin curves inward, forming

a duct, becoming enlarged towards the centre and ter-

minating in a large black spot . . . . . . . . . guadriguitata, sp. 0.

2. Abdomen brown, with a pair of slender parallel anterior

marginal white lines, followed by a central spot of orange

hairs, and a pale central band, more or less broken up into

chevrons, to the spinners. In the posterior half are two

SIDUSA. . 205

longitudinal lateral black spots, with a pair of white marks

forming a “ parenthesis,’’ often broken in the middle to form

four white bars (as in S. quadriguttata). Legs yellow-

brown, first pair darker. Vulval area broad, transverse-oval,

situated on the genital rima, divided into a pair of large

circular adjacent areas (or discs), each with a spiro-circular

duct terminating in acentral spot . . . . . . . . « fulvoguttata, sp. un.

3. Abdomen brown, with an anterior marginal black band,

followed by a narrow white band not interrupted in the

middle, continued obliquely at least two-thirds along the

lateral margin. Dorsal area with the usual circular white

“ parenthesis-like ” mark on each side. Legs yellow, apical

half of femora and extreme apex of each segment annulated

with brown. Vulval area forming a triangular pentagon,

longer than broad, apex obtuse, with a pair of small adjacent

circular discs half a diameter from the genital rima, bounded

by a duct which terminates in a dark spot on the posterior

lateral margin ofeach . . . . ws . . . . « murcida, sp. n.

4, Abdomen brown, with two slender transverse white lines

across the anterior dorsal area, followed by a straight trans-

verse narrow white band just behind the middle and a short

oblique white band just above the spinners on each side.

Legs brown, mottled with white hairs; tarsi paler. Vulva

consisting of a transverse-oval area, about its own diameter

from the genital rima, with a pair of spiro-circular ducts

curving inwards and terminating behind in a pair of piriform

circular adjacent dark discs, their posterior margins almost

in contact with the genitalrima. . . . oe ee ee 6Ctreumeincta, sp. 0.

b. Tibia i. with one or more lateral spines on both sides,

aa. Vulva not presenting two pairs of adjacent (a larger posterior

and a smaller anterior pair) dark discs close to the genital

rima, but a pair of large circular or oval areas either on or

remote from the rima, either adjacent or divided by a septum.

a’, Abdomen with an anterior marginal continuous band of white

hairs.

1, Abdomen brown, with a black anterior marginal band

followed by a thin encircling white line, extending

obliquely a little down the sides; a pair of oblique

white spots lie above the spinners, connected with a

narrow white transverse cincture just behind the middle.

Legs yellow, more or less suffused with brown. Carapace

with a posterior lateral marginal band of white hairs.

Vulva consisting of a pair of large oval-circular areas, in

contact on their inner margins, touching the genital rima,

206

ARANEIDEA.

with a pair of elongate piriform dark posterior discs, each

connected with a dark angularly curved duct, appearing

in the centre of each area, and a pair of larger somewhat

circular dark discs just beneath the anterior margins of

each area. . ae . os

2. Abdomen with a broad black anterior marginal band, fol-

lowed by a broad pale encircling band, extending obliquely

down the sides; with a broad pale central dorsal band,

angular in the middle, resolved into chevrons above the

spinners; with a conspicuous white and black twin-spot

on each side just beyond the middle; lower lateral area

with a longitudinal white speckled band. Vulva con-

sisting of a transverse-oval area, its own diameter from

the rima, divided into a pair of spiro-circular areas, the

spiral duct terminating in a central black spot ; between

these and the rima lies, more or less distinctly, another

spiral duct, in some examples connected with a small dark

circular disc.

b'. Abdomen very distinctly marked with a large pale orange

oblique shoulder-spot, followed by a central pale band,

resolved into a series of pale chevrons, to the spinners, with

a pair of white spots nearer together about midway and

four white spots further apart in the apical half; lateral

area brown. Vulva consisting of a pair of large oval

adjacent areas, a quarter of their diameter remote from the

genital rima, each with a short spiro-circular duct connected

with a central dark spot

6b. Vulva presenting two pairs of adjacent dark discs close to the

genital rima, a larger posterior and a smaller anterior pair.

1. Sternum almost twice longer than broad. [Carapace brown,

margined with white, including the clypeus. Abdomen

olive-brown, with an anterior marginal black line and five or

six pale chevrons towards the spinners; ventral area pale,

with a broad central sooty-black band. Vulval area broad,

oval-circular, transverse, divided anteriorly into a pair of

ellipsoidal cavities, separated by a narrow septum, with a pair

of larger oval transverse dark discs situated on the genital

rima, and a pair of smaller oval brown discs longitudinally

situated on each side of the central septum. ] .

2. Sternum scarcely longer than broad, almost circular.

a’. Cephalic area clothed with rose-pink scales, a short central

and a broad posterior-lateral marginal band of white

hairs. Abdomen dark olive-brown, with a broad central-

dorsal pale band, widening, dilate behind and narrowing

albicincta.

conspecta, Peckh.

alacris, Peckh.

mazillosa.

SIDUSA.

to the spinners; down its centre runs a narrow dusky

band, resolved into chevrons, to the spinners. Vulva

consisting of an anterior transverse-oval area, half its

diameter distant from the genital rima, with a pair of larger

oval adjacent dark discs transversely situated on the rima,

with another pair of small adjacent dark discs longitudinally

situated and slightly overlapping the larger pair; at this

point is a pair of dark spots connected with a circularly

curving duct which bounds the anterior transverse-oval

area. we we ee ee ee ee we ew ee «eCOndita, Peckh.

a*, Cephalic area very distinctly yellow, margined round the

eyes with black; carapace with a broad patch of white

scales on the posterior-lateral margin. Abdomen very

similar in pattern to that of S. recondita. Vulva also

very similar ; forming a transverse-oval area divided by a

narrow septum into a pair of circular-oval areas, half a

diameter distant from the rima, with a pair of large dark

adjacent oval discs transversely situate, and a small pair

of adjacent oval spots obliquely situate in front of the

former and slightly overlapping them; these are, however,

much smaller than in S. recondita, but are similarly con-

nected by a black spot with a circularly curving duct . . festiva, Peckh.

ii. Tibize iii. and iv. without any small dorsal basal spine.

1. Carapace yellow, cephalic area and eyes margined with black.

Legs and palpi pale yellow, with dusky apical and basal annu-

lation on each segment. Abdomen very pale olive-green, with a

pale central dorsal scalloped band, broadly dilate behind, above

the spinners. Vulva consisting of a broad transverse-oval area,

with a pair of large circular adjacent transverse-oval dark discs,

each connected by a broad duct with a dark spot near the

anterior margin of the area; beneath each spot lies an indistinct

paledisc . . . . ww ew wee ee ee ee we) mearMOreR, SP. 2.

2. Carapace brown, cephalic area black, with a broad pale band

behind the posterior eyes and continued to the anterior margin

on each side. Legs unicolorous yellow. Abdomen rich brown

or black, mottled, with a broad pale band encircling the anterior

margin and continued obliquely down the sides ; posteriorly is a

large transverse-oval black spot with a pair of pale spots in its

centre, cut out by a pale band which broadens to the spinners,

bearing one or more central black spots. Vulva consisting of a

pair of white auriculoid areas confluent on the central line, with

a pair of dark oval adjacent discs behind, not quite one diameter

distant from the rima, connected by aslender duct with a dark spot,

each spot also connected with the duct which encircles the area . nigriventer.

‘208 ARANEIDEA.

General Characters.

The males and females may also be recognized by the following characters :—

A. Dorsal area of abdomen pale, with either a broad or narrow, dark,

broken or unbroken central band.

a‘, Central band narrow, black, continuous, extending from the anterior

margin to the anal tubercle, becoming gradually attenuate. . . . dentichelis, minuta,

nigropicta.

i. Central band broader, more or less diffused over the whole dorsal area,

though with a darker central bar; usually with a pale continuous

marginal band, but often having only a pale V-shaped spot in front

of the anal tubercle. . . . . . penicillata, vittata, cristata, albida, spirorbis, nigrina.

B. Dorsal area of abdomen pale, either mottled with olive-green spots or

with a paler, broad, central band, dilate behind, with or without a

pair of lateral spots about the middle . .. . . ew ww oe © festiva, inermis,

recondita, maxillosa, marmorea, olivacea, pallida.

C. Abdomen black, with either an anterior broken or unbroken white or

yellow band, or a pair of white or yellow shoulder-spots, of variable

form ; followed by a continuous or broken post-median transverse bar,

and another bar nearer the anal tubercle ; both these are sometimes

continuous as a girdle, or broken to form an anterior pair of elongate

transverse spots and another posterior pair of smaller spots, nearer

together, in front of the anal tubercle.

c’. Posterior band continuous to form a uniform pale unbroken girdle

(in S. murcida probably sometimes broken) . . . . . . . . migriventer, murcida.

c’. Posterior band more or less broken in front or behind, or on each

side.

d’, Anterior portion of abdomen with a pair of parallel transverse

narrow white lines. . . . .. . ~ oe we we ew ew wf 6fulvoguttata.

d’, Anterior portion of abdomen with a single continuous or broken

pale band, or a pair of shoulder-spots.

e’. Anterior band continuous. [Posterior lateral bands broken up

into four small spots, the anterior pair larger.] . . . . albicincta, lutea, spiralis.

e*. Anterior band broken in front. [Anterior lateral bands broken

up into four spots, the anterior pair larger, transverse.] . . voluta, sulphurea, flavida.

S. quadriguttata, conspecta, circumcincta, alacris, and brevispina stand rather apart from the

above, while in 8. excavata and binotata the abdominal pattern has been slightly obliterated.

1. Sidusa festiva. (Tab. XVI. figg. 1, 1a-e,3 ; 2,2a-g, 2.)

Chapoda festiva, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 26, t. 1. figg. 7, 7 ¢, d ( 3),

7 a, b (2) (April 1896) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 6 millim.

SIDUSA. 209.

Legs brown, i. and ii. darker; tarsus i. yellow. Carapace brown. Cephalic area coloured white or yellow

(probably white in fresh specimens), owing to an aggregation of cretaceous pigment cells beneath the

epidermis, its sides deep black ; posterior lateral margin with a patch of white scales or hairs. Apex of

femur of palpus with a thick tuft of white somewhat clavate hairs. Abdomen dull whity-brown,

speckled with darker brown, exhibiting on each side of the lanceolate heart-area a row of cretaceous-

white spots, with a dense central dorsal band of the same in the apical half. Sternum pale yellow and

ventral area dusky brown. Spinners white, their outer sides suffused with brown. Palpus very

characteristic, incrassate. Femur strongly curved, with a thick bunch of clavate hairs at its apex above.

Patella longer than broad, narrower behind, much enlarged on the outer side towards the apex. Tibia

scarcely longer than broad, narrower behind, with a short, sharp, straight, slender spine at its outer

apical angle. Tarsus narrow, longer than the tibia; bulb dilate behind on the outer side, with a slender

spiraloid spine at its apex.

Hab. Guatemata! (Sarg).—Brazin, Chapada !.

One cannot doubt that our examples from Guatemala are identical with Peckham’s

species, though it must be borne in mind that his figure of the tibia of the palpus is

drawn quite twice longer than broad ; but the description gives it as nearly as wide as

it is long, thus agreeing with our examples. Peckham has not given any drawing of

the vulva of the female, which is here figured, so far as I know, for the first time. The

enamelled covering of scales with the crackled appearance on the cephalic area and

the abdomen, mentioned by Peckham, lies of course beneath the epidermis and consists

of aggregations of cretaceous pigment cells; in one example they are entirely absent

from the abdomen. ‘The males, though somewhat rubbed, present two similar tufts of

hair about the middle of the cephalic area to those present in S. enermis. ‘The species

is liable to be confused with Titanattus sevus, Peckh.

9. Sidusa inermis, sp. n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 3, 3a-c,3; 4,44, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica (Rogers).

The type-specimen is from Costa Rica. The coloration is almost exactly as in

S. festiva, except that the femur of leg i. is much darker (in S. festiva it is usually

yellow, though slightly suffused with brown in some examples). The abdominal

pattern is less distinct in 8. inermis, but practically the same in both species. The

best distinctive character will be found in the femur of the palpus, especially when

seen from the inner side, it being much longer than in S. festive and without the stout

curved spur at the apex beneath, so conspicuous in that species. Other differential

characters will be found mentioned in the Table. The male has a conspicuous erect

tuft of dark hairs just before the middle of the cephalic area on each side. In this

respect it resembles Titanattus swvus, except that in the latter the tufts are nearer the

anterior eyes. Superficially, the two spiders look identical, on account of these tufts

of hair. The female was not detected till after the Table was printed: for the vulva,

see the Plate. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., February 1901. 2 et

210 ARANEIDEA.

3. Sidusa recondita. (Tab. XV. figg. 6, 64,0, ¢; 7, 7 a-d, 2.)

Sidusa recondita, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ui. 1, p. 96, t. 7. figg. 6-65 (2)

(April 1896)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham ; deuterotype, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3:5, 2 4 millim.

¢ Q. Carapace brown, sides involving the lateral eyes and posterior portion much darker, almost black. A

short central band of white hairs behind the thoracic stria, and a broad postero-lateral marginal band of

white hairs. Cephalic area covered with pink iridescent scales. Abdomen dark olive-brown, with a broad

centro-dorsal pale band gradually widening and suddenly dilate behind immediately above the spinners,

narrowing again to the latter. Down the middle of this band runs a sooty-black band, becoming broken

up into distinct chevrons towards the spinners. A pale band runs along the antero-lateral margin,

discontinued in front, suddenly enlarged behind, and running upwards dorsally, about the middle of the

abdomen ; seen from above, this portion appears as a pair of white spots. Lower lateral area sooty,

followed by a broad pale band; ventral area sooty. Legs yellow, browner in the mule, with the first

two pairs darker.

Palpus of the male with an apical tuft of white hairs on the femur, similar to that of others of the genus,

but the femur is not produced below ; the patella is as long as the tibia; the bulb is attenuate behind,

and the apical spine forms a short circular curve. There is a long slender tibial spur. For further

details, see the Table of species. Vulva of the female characteristic: area broader than long, with two

pairs of distinct spermathecal spots, one pair larger, adjacent, and transversely situated on the posterior

margin, the other pair smaller longitudinally, or slightly obliquely situated immediately behind the former,

the posterior end darker and overlapping. In individual examples the precise form varies a little.

Tibia i. and protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides; tibie iii. and iv. with dorsal basal spines.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

4. Sidusa maxillosa, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 8, 8a-¢, ¢; 9,9 a-e, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 7 millim.

dg. Carapace, palpi, and legs entirely brown, the former, including the clypeus, margined with white ;

legs iii. and iv. paler. Abdomen olive-brown, with an anterior marginal black line, with five or six pale

chevrons in the apical third. Ventral area pale, with a broad central sooty-black band. Sternum

entirely yellow.

9. Carapace, palpi, and legs yellow; carapace suffused on the cephalic area and sides with brown, margined

as in the male. Abdomen paler, but, as in the male, with anterior marginal dark line and two larger

anterior dorsal pale chevrons followed by five smaller and more adjacent ones to the spinners. Ventral

area as in the male, and sternum yellow.

¢. Patella of the palpus dilate behind the middle of the inner margin. Tibia of palpus with a conspicuous

concavo-conical spur beneath. Femur of palpus without any spur beneath and without any tuft of white

hairs at the apex above. Palpal spine stout and spiraloid. Maxille highly developed, dilate, the outer

margin so deeply emarginate as to leave an outer apical angle hooked and directed backward, and a stout

conical tooth about the middle. Sternum oval, elongate, almost twice longer than broad.

Q. Female very like the male generally, but with the maxille not abnormally developed, simply dilate at the

apex. Fang-grooves with two smaller teeth on the upper, and one large, broad tooth on the lower, margin.

Vulva very similar to that of S. festiva, consisting of a broad oval area, divided anteriorly into a pair of

ellipsoidal cavities separated by a narrow septum, with a pair of larger, oval, dark adjacent spermathecal

spots transversely situate on the posterior margin, and a pair of smaller, oval, brown spots longitudinally

situate on each side of the septum just in front of but not overlapping the larger spots.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

_ One would be inclined to propose a new genus for this species, or at any rate to

separate it from Sidusa, on account of the very great difference in the form of the

SIDUSA. 211

sternum in both sexes. But the palpi of the male and the vulva of the female are

remarkably similar to those of 8. festiva.

5. Sidusa marmorea, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 10, 10a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace yellow, cephalic area and eyes margined with black, with two brown, convergent, indistinctly defined

bands behind the posterior lateral eyes, and a broad pale marginal band, with a narrow dark brown

marginal line. Abdomen (pubescence worn off) very pale olive-green, with a pale central dorsal scalloped

band, broadly dilate above the spinners, and other large pale mottlings on the sides ; ventral area and sides

pale, mottled with pale olive-green. Legs and palpi pale yellow, each segment with a dusky black basal

and an apical annulus.

Vulva consisting of a broad transverse oval area, with a pair of dark circular adjacent, confluent, spermathecal

spots on the posterior margin, each connected with an orifice by a narrow duct visible beneath the

epidermis, and beneath each orifice lies a very indistinct pale oval spermathecal spot. Tibiz iii. and iv.

without dorsal basal spines; tibia i. and protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

6. Sidusa olivacea, sp. n. (Tab. XV. figg. 11, lla, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace brown, more or less clothed with white hairs, with an indistinct pale band running from the central

stria to the posterior margin, and one or two pale submarginal spots. Cephalic area and eyes margined

with black. Abdomen olive-green, with a central deeply scalloped pale band, divided into three, the first

portion elongate-triangular, the second with a large divergent lobe on each side, the third forming a

narrower triangular spot above the spinners; sides olive-green, ventral area pale. (The pubescence,

however, is worn off, so that it is difficult to describe exactly the pattern and colour of the abdomen.)

Legs yellow, with a basal and an apical dusky annulus on each segment.

Small eyes distinctly nearer the anterior laterals. Protarsus i. without lateral spines ; tibia i. with 1—1 lateral

spines on each side; protarsus and tibia ii. with lateral spines ; tibice ili. and iv. with a dorsal basal spine.

Vulval area forming a broad triangle, with a pair of closely approximate circular spermathecal spots half

their own diameter from the posterior margin, connected with the usual pair of orifices by a narrow

curved duct, while in front lie another pair of elongate dusky spermathecal spots.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarq).

7. Sidusa pallida, sp.n. (Tab. XV. fig. 12, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace dull brown, clothed with white hairs; no marginal band of white. Abdomen pale ochreous-yellow,

speckled with dusky black and with a central broad /\-shaped black mark, and an indistinct wedge-

shaped dark mark above the spinners (very similar to that of S. vittata). Legs yellow, obscurely spotted

with dusky brown. .

Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inner side ; protarsus i. with no lateral spines on either side ; tibie iii. andiv.

with a small dorsal basal spine. Small eyes distinctly nearer the posterior laterals. Vulva consisting of

a pair of oval areas, narrower in front, their outer margins slightly sinuous, with a pair of very largo

internal brown adjacent discs close to the posterior margin.

Hab. GuatEMALa (Sarg).

212 ARANEIDEA.

8. Sidusa dentichelis, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 13, 134, 4, 6.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This species is in general appearance very similar to S. minuta and S. penicillata,

but may be recognized by the tooth on the inner excavated margin of the mandibles

and the cusp on the outer margin of the widely curved apical palpal spine.

9. Sidusa minuta, sp. n. (Tab. XV. figg. 14, 14 a, 4, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. .

Carapace clothed with white and golden-orange hairs and scales. Abdomen with a central dorsal wedge-shaped

dark band, and clothed with golden-orange scales and hairs, and with dull white hairs on the sides.

Hab. Muxtco, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Recognizable by the excavate mandibles, and the more widely sweeping spiraloid

curve of the spine at the apex of the bulb.

10. Sidusa nigropicta, sp.n. (Tab. XV. figg. 15, 15 a-d, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace dark brown, cephalic area almost black, thoracic area with a pale lateral, indistinctly defined band

on each side, extending from behind the posterior lateral eyes to the posterior margin. Abdomen dull

white, or possibly pale yellow, thinly speckled with brown, with a central longitudinal black band,

broader in front, narrowing to the spinners, with two slight pointed offshoots on each side; lateral

margins black, lower lateral and ventral areas pale. Sternum dull yellow. Palpi brown. Legs yellow,

i. and ii. darker, often quite brown: femora iii. and iv. with a basal and apical dark annular spot, the

tibia and protarsus also with a dusky basal annular spot.

Small eyes distinctly nearer the posterior laterals. Tibia and protarsus i. with lateral spines on the inner side

only. Tibie iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine. Palpal bulb enlarged, protuberant at the base,

not narrowed, but very similar to that of other species of the group ; apical spine stout, forming an almost

complete circle; tibial spur long, slender, pointed, slightly serrate beneath towards the apex. Sternum

distinctly longer than broad. Mandibles weak, not developed, with a single broad tooth on the inferior

margin and two small subsimilar teeth on the upper.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

11. Sidusa penicillata, sp.n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 5,5 a,b, 5; 6, 6a-c, 2.)

Type d, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7, 2 8 millim.

¢. Carapace clothed with brown, white, or orange hairs. Abdomen whitish-yellow, with a broad, central,

dorsal, brown, dentated band, consisting of two pairs of dark spots, more or less connected, and an apical

triangular black spot. The first two pairs of spots are often resolved into a pair of /\-shaped black

marks. Along the sides are a pair of pale spots, with a pencil of white hairs issuing from them, while

on each side of the apical dark spot is a white spot, these often coalescing to form a single white, semi-

circular, pale bar, entirely embracing the dark spot posteriorly. Ventral area dark brown or speckled

with black. Clypeus and base of mandibles clothed with white hairs. Posterior margins of anterior

central eyes encircled with orange hairs.

Q. The coloration is practically the same as in the male. The form of the vulva is shown on the Plate. The

SIDUSA. 213

figure (fig. 6 6) exhibiting what I believe to be the vulva of the immature female may possibly represent

that of a distinct, though exceedingly closely allied, species.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

It can be recognized by its excavate mandibles and brown mottled colour. See

Table of species.

12. Sidusa vittata, sp.n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 7, 7a, 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace brown, cephalic area darker, more or less clothed with white hairs, no marginal white band. Legs

yellow, the apex of the segments slightly suffused with dusky brown. Abdomen pale, more or less

distinctly mottled with black streaks and spots; there is a more conspicuous, but small, recurved

horseshoe-shaped dorsal dark mark anteriorly, a central broad /“\-shaped black slender mark about the

middle, followed, just above the spinners, by a small but distinct black wedge-shaped mark. Ventral

and lateral areas pale and speckled with sooty-black. In some examples these marks are almost obliterated.

Vulva variable, according to the amount and disposition of the pigment present: see Plate. Tibia i. with

lateral spines inside ; protarsus i. without any lateral spines; tibiee iii. and iv. with a dorsal basal spine.

Hab, Guatemaua (Sarg).

13. Sidusa nigrina, sp.n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 8, 8 a—c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace yellow or orange, with the cephalic area entirely black. Legs wholly yellow. Abdomen dull white,

with a large, more or less distinct, black, piriform dorsal patch, narrowing somewhat abruptly to the

spinners; lower lateral area streaked and spotted with black; ventral area dull white, with or without

one or more broken dusky lines.

Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inside; protarsus i. without any lateral spines; tibie iii. and iv. with small

dorsal basal spines. Vulval area obtuse triangular, with a pair of black orifices anteriorly, more or less

definitely connected with curving sinuous internal ducts (see Plate).

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

14. Sidusa albida, sp. n. (Tab. XVI. fig. 9, 2.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

General appearance very much as in S. vittata, but the abdomen is dorsally almost entirely dark black-brown,

with a small lateral white spot just about the middle, and an elongate oblique white blotch on each side of

the apex, nearly meeting above the spinners. Legs as in S. vittata, but darker. Ventral area pale and

speckled. Vulva consisting of a broad transverse oval area, divided in the middle by a narrow longitudinal

septum, forming on each side a large longitudinally situate oval disc, with circular convoluted ducts

appearing within each area. Protarsus i. without lateral spines; tibia i. with a lateral spine on the

inner side ; tibia iii, and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

15. Sidusa cristata, sp.n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 10, 10 a-c, 2.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

This beautiful species may be at once recognized by the crested fringes of long brown

214 ARANEIDEA.

hair tipped with white on the first pair of legs, and the tufts of hair on the tibia of the

palpus. At first sight, it may be taken for a Habrocestum, but the form of the tarsus

and bulb of the palpus will at once prevent any confusion.

16. Sidusa spirorbis, sp.n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 11, lla-«, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This small species resembles 8S. cristata in the fact that the first pair of legs alone is

fringed with hairs, but the disposition and character of the fringes are very different.

The differential characters will be found in the Table and on the Plate.

17. Sidusa nigriventer, sp. n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 12, 12a-d, ¢; 13, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll.Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2, 8 millim.; a smaller example, 5 millim.

¢ 2. Carapace brown, cephalic area black, with a broad pale band behind the posterior eyes and continued to

the anterior margins on each side. Legs unicolorous yellow. Abdomen rich brown or black, mottled,

with a broad, anterior, pale band continuous in front and running obliquely along the sides: on the posterior

half is a large transverse oval area cut out by a pale band, with a pair of pale spots in the centre; the

pale band broadens at the spinners, and bears one or more small black central spots. (These pale and

dark central longitudinal spots are the remains of the normal chevrons.) Lateral areas palo, speckled with

dusky brown ; ventral area pale, with a broad black longitudinal central band, beginning at the genital

rima, but not quite reaching the spinners.

Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inner side; protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides; tibie iil. and iv.

without any dorsal basal spine.

Vulva consisting of a pair of white auriculoid discs confluent on the central line, with a pair of dark oval

discs behind.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

18. Sidusa murcida, sp. n. (Tab. XVI. figg. 14, 144, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace brown, cephalic area as far as the central stria clothed with white hairs, and with a posterior.

marginal white band. Legs yellow, apical half of femora and apex of each other segment annulated

with brown. Abdomen brown, with an anterior marginal black. band, followed by a white band, not

interrupted in the middle, and continued obliquely at least two-thirds along the lateral margin. The

dorsal area is somewhat deprived of hairs, but the parenthetical white curved lines on each side in the

apical half are present. Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inner side; protarsus i. with lateral spines on

both sides ; tibia iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.

Vulva consisting of a pair of small circular discs, bounded by a duct, in contact on their inner margin with a

black spot, possibly marking an orifice on the outer posterior margin. The discs are situated almost

a diameter from the genital rima.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

19. Sidusa fulvoguttata, sp. n.. (Tab. XVII. figg. 1, 1a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8°5 millim.

Carapace brown, with a posterior marginal white band and other white spots (much obliterated) on the cephalic

and thoracic areas. Abdomen brown, with a pair of slender, parallel, white lines on each side on the

SIDUSA. 215

anterior margin, followed by a square central orange spot and by a central pale band, more or less broken

‘up into chevrons, to the spinners. In the posterior half are two longitudinal, black, marginal spots, in

connection with a pair of circularly curved, parenthetical, white bands, often broken in the middle and

forming four separate, short, white bars. Ventral area dusky white. Legs yellow-brown, first pair

darker, to

Vulva consisting of a pair of circular discs, in contact on their inner margins, each with a spiral internal duct,

coiled from right to left, starting at the centre of the right disc (seen from below) and vice versa with the

other disc. Protarsi i. and ii. with lateral spines on both sides; tibia i. with lateral spine on the inner

side; tibize ili. and iv. with small dorsal basal spines.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua (Sarg), Guatemala

city (Stol/).

The pattern on the abdomen is very similar to that of S. flavida, S. albicincta, and

S. voluta, with the exception of the central orange patch. This species is probably

identical with Jotus (Dynamius) opimus, Peckh., though whether also agreeing with

Banks’s identification of the same species it is impossible to say.

20. Sidusa albicincta, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. figg. 2,2a-d, 3; 3,3a,2.) .

Type g, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, ? 6 millim.

3 2. Carapace brown, with a pale spot of hairs between the lateral eyes, two pale spots on each side of the

central stria, and a posterior marginal band of white scales. Abdomen brown, with a black anterior

marginal band. followed by a thin encircling white line extending obliquely a little down the sides; a

pair of oblique white spots lie above the spinners and are connected with a circular transverse narrow

white cincture just behind the middle. Ventral area pale or suffused with dusky brown. Legs yellow,

more or less suffused with brown.

Tibia and protarsus i. with lateral spines on each side ; tibie iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.

Vulva consisting of a pair of oval-circular discs in contact on their inner margins, touching the genital rima,

with a pair of posterior spermathecal spots, each connected with a dark angularly curved duct appearing

in the centre of each disc; and a pair of larger, somewhat circular, dark spots appear just beneath the

anterior margin. The palpus of the male is very similar to others of the group, very like that of

S. flavida, but the tibial spur is very long and slender, and the apex of the bulbal spine more or less

clavate.

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

21. Sidusa parvula. (Tab. XVII. figg. 4, 3; 5, 2.)

Escambia parvula, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 44, t. 3. figg. 4, 45 (¢),

4a,4c (2) (April 1896) *.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 6 millim.

Hab. GuateMata, Eastern district 1.

It is curious that this species should not occur in our collection, but no example

with the palpal spine as depicted on the Plate has yet come before me. In the female

of S. albicincta the vulva very much resembles that of S. parvula (Emerton’s figure),

but there are decided differences. Our figures are taken from Peckham’s work.

216 ARANEIDEA.

22. Sidusa conspecta. (Tab. XVII. figg. 6, 6 a-c, ¢; 7, 7 a-g, 2.)

Escambia conspecta, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 42, t. 3. figg. 8, 3d (¢),

8 a, b,c, e (2) (April 1896) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 7, 2 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Guatema.a, Eastern district 1 (Sarg) ;

Costa Rica (fogers).

Of this species we have numerous males and females in our collection. There can

be no doubt, owing to the excellent figures of Emerton, that they belong to S. conspecta

(Peckh.).

93. Sidusa alacris. (Tab. XVII. figg. 8, 8a, 2.)

Escambia alacris, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 46, t. 3. figg. 5,5 @ (9)

(April 1896) °.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 7 millim.

Yarapace brown (but the pubescence is more or less obliterated in our specimen), with a white spot in front

of the lateral posterior eyes and a posterior white marginal band. Abdomen very distinctly marked with

a large, pale orange, oblique shoulder-spot, followed by a central pale band, resolving itself into a series of

pale chevrons, to the spinners, with a pair of white spots nearer together about midway, and four white

spots further apart, in the apical half; lateral area brown; ventral area pale, suffused with sooty brown.

Legs brown, mottled with spots of white hairs,

Small eyes midway between the laterals ; tibia and protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides; tibie iii.

and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine. Vulva consisting of a pair of large, slightly longitudinal, oval

discs, in contact along their inner margins, about a quarter of their diameter from the genital rima, with

a dark spot near the centre connected with a circular internal duct.

Hab. Guaremata, Eastern district 1 (Sarg).

24, Sidusa circumcincta, sp. n. (Tab. XVII. fig. 9, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace black-brown; cephalic area margined with a slight band of scattered white hairs and a posterior

marginal band of the same. Abdomen brown, with two slender transverse lines of white hairs across

the anterior dorsal area, followed by a straight transverse white line (or narrow band) just behind the

middle, and a short oblique white band just above the spinners on each side, Legs brown (tarsi paler),

mottled with white hairs.

Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inner side; protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides; tibis: iii. and iv.

with a small dorsal basal spine. Vulva consisting of a transverse-oval area, about its own diameter from

the genital rima, with a pair of circular discs, terminating behind in a somewhat pear-shaped form,

curving outwards, in contact on their inner margins, being the two normal posterior spermathecal spots,

the anterior discs having a dark central spot connected with a spiraloid internal duct.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

25. Sidusa quadriguttata, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. figg. 10, 10a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace brown, clothed with white hairs, with a pale posterior central and a broad pale marginal band.

Abdomen brown and dull white, mottled, with a central pale band, resolved into five or six pale chevrons,

to the spinners, and four white spots set in brown patches, the first pair smaller, the second pair larger

SIDUSA. 217

and transverse. Ventral area pale, speckled. Legs orange-yellow, with slightly indicated dusky

annulations.

Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inner side; protarsus i. with lateral spines on both sides; tibie iii, and iv.

with a single dorsal basal spine. Patelle i. and ii. with one inner spine, iii. and.iv. with a spine on

each side. Sternum one-half longer than broad, broader in front. Vulva consisting of two large circular-

oval adjacent areas, fused on their inner margins, about one-fourth a diameter from the posterior margin,

their outer margins curving inwards and becoming enlarged about the centre of each area.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guavemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).

26. Sidusa brevispina, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. figg. 11, ll a-c, 3; 12, ¢.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 6 millim.

Coloration similar in both sexes, but lighter in the female.

. Legs i. and ii. fringed above and below on the femur, patella, tibia, and protarsus with black hairs.

Carapace brown or black, more or less mottled with white hairs, a ring round the posterior eyes and a

posterior marginal band being more conspicuous. (The carapace in the male is much rubbed and almost

entirely devoid of hairs.) Legs i. and ii. black or brown, iii. and iv. paler yellow-brown. Abdomen rich

black-brown, with an anterior dorsal curved hieroglyphic white band on each side, not connected in front,

followed to the spinners by a broad central pale band relieved by a series of five or six brown chevrons :

lateral area pale in the second half, but streaked with black anteriorly ; ventral area pale, with a central

elongate U-shaped brown spot, encircled by a pale band with two central broken pale bands within its

area, the pale outer encircling band being flanked with a black-streaked border, these markings varying

very considerably in different examples. Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inside, iii. and iv. with a

small dorsal basal spine; protarsus i. with lateral spines on each side. Small eyes much nearer the

posterior laterals. Tibial spur of palpus long and slender, apical spine of bulb quite short, only slightly

curved.

Vulva consisting of a broad transverse oval area, with a large dark reniform spermathecal disc on each side on

the lateral margin, and a pair of obliquely transverse oval dark discs posteriorly, with a pair of dark

spots in the central portion of the area,

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

27. Sidusa lutea, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. fig. 13, ¢.)

Type, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

This little species can be distinguished from S. aldicincta by the dull orange scales

on the clypeus and round the central anterior eyes. Other characters are given in the

Table. The little fork at the end of the tibial spur is characteristic, though sometimes

one of the prongs is broken off.

Had Peckham made any mention of orange scales on the clypeus one would have

suspected that this species was his S. parvula, for in the figure the tibial spur is very

clearly bifurcate.

28. Sidusa spiralis, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. figg. 14, 14a-e, 3.)

Type, d, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim., varying in other examples to 10 millim.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., Aprid 1901. 2 Ft

218 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); GuatemaLta (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).

The smaller examples are very similar in general appearance to S. parvula, but the

species may be recognized at once from all forms known to me by the cresting fringes

on the third pair of legs and also by the more widely curving, more spiraloid form of

the apical palpal spine.

29. Sidusa voluta, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. figg. 15, 15a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace brown, margined with white scales, with a white spot between the lateral eyes and two or more

spots in the region of the central stria. Cephalic area and eyes margined with black. Abdomen golden-

buff, with a broad, black, anterior marginal band followed by a sinuous white line on each side, not

united in the middle. On the posterior dorsal area are a pair of black spots on each side in connection

with a circular parenthetical white bar on each side, often resolved into two spots (as in some varieties of

S. albicincta). Ventral area pale, with olive-green speckles. Legs yellow, more or less distinctly annu-

lated with brown. Tibia i. with lateral spines on the inner side; protarsus i. with lateral spines on both

sides ; tibize iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine. Vulva consisting of two circularly margined

areas in contact along their inner margins, with four dark spermathecal spots in a transverse line about

one diameter (variable) from the genital rima, the central pair circular and slightly larger, the lateral

pair smaller and piriform, connected by a second curved internal duct; the first constitutes the

margins of the disc on each side.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The pattern on the abdomen of this small species is very similar to that of others of

the group, especially S. albicincta and S. flavida, but the disposition of the ovaries and

oviducts is very distinct.

30. Sidusa sulphurea, sp.n. (Tab. XVII. figg. 16, lb a, ¢; 17,174, 6, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3, ? 4 millim.

Carapace dark brown, clothed with pink iridescent scales, with a broad posterior marginal blotch of sulphur-

yellow scales. Abdomen brown or black, with a pair of conspicuous sulphur-yellow shoulder-spots ; a

pair of curved transverse yellow bars (sometimes separate in the centre, sometimes united and forming

a single transverse bar) just behind the middle, followed by two or three small central spots, a larger

yellow spot just above the spinners, and one on each side of this ; sides spotted with dusky brown ;

ventral area pale. Legs brown or yellow-brown ; i. and ii. rather darker.

Cephalic area more globular than in most of the allied species. Small eyes midway between the laterals.

Tibia i. and protarsus i. without lateral spines on either side; tibia iii. and iv. without a dorsal basal

spine. Tibial spur of male palpus a little longer than the segment, sparsely truncate at the apex (but

this is probably the result of accident, and in reality it is more or less aculeate). Bulb not developed

basally, with a fine circularly curved spine at the apex, its point slightly recurved.

Vulva characteristic, consisting of a pair of circular brown discs, in some cases in contact, in others slightly

separate, situated on the posterior margin, with a pair of circularly-spiral ducts in front, forming two

discs about the same size as the posterior pair, or slightly larger.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

SIDUSA. 219

31. Sidusa flavida, sp.n. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 1,la, ¢; 2, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 9 6 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

This little species can be recognized by the conspicuous band of yellow hairs on the

anterior margin of the abdomen in both sexes. Other characters are given in the

Table of species. Jotus opimus, Peckh., is closely allied to this species and also to

S. sulphurea.

32. Sidusa binotata, sp.n. (Tab. XVIII. fig. 3, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

In size and general appearance this spider is very like S. conspecta (Peckh.), but

the tibial spur is longer and more slender, and there are no brown and white crested

fringes above and beneath patelle, tibiz, and protarsi i. and ii., but only a more dense

clothing of black hairs; tibie i. and ii. are, moreover, cylindrical and not quadrate,

seen in transverse section, as in S. conspecta. Otherwise the coloration is very similar

indeed. The distinctive characters are given in the Table.

33. Sidusa excavata, sp.n. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 4, 4a, 2, &.)

Type, d, in’coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Legs unicolorous brown. Carapace and legs clothed with azure-blue scales, the former also with a spot of

white scales between and beneath the lateral eyes, and another on each side behind the posterior lateral

eyes, but approaching the central line. Apex of femur and tibia of palpus yellow, clothed with white

scales. Clypeus not clothed with white hairs.

Hab. Guatema.a (Sarg).

This species may be recognized by the excavate mandibles (the excavation not

confined to the middle) and the absence of a tooth on their margin, the absence of

fringing hairs on the legs, the abrupt constriction on the inner basal margin of the

palpal bulb, and the less sweeping curve of the apical spine.

34, Sidusa opima. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 5, ¢; 6, 2.)

Jotus opimus, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 71, t. 2. figg. 7, 7 b(?),7a(¢) (Dec.)*.

Dynamius opimus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 12 (¢) (April 1896) * ;

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 288, t. 17. fig. 25 (2) (1898) °*.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 8, 9 10°7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?; Guaremaua!?.

This species is evidently closely allied to others of the “‘ Escambia” group of Sidusa.

probably the same as S. fulvoguttata.

2 Fp 2

2 20 ARANEIDEA.

PENSACOLA.

Pensacola, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 83 (Dec.).

Hamillus, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 70 (April 1896).

Type of Pensacola, P. signata, Peckh., Guatemala ; of Hamillus, H. sylvestris, Peckh., Guatemala.

Characters drawn from the adult male of the type-species of Hamillus :—Cephalic quadrangle much broader

than long, slightly wider in front. Dorsal eyes nearer the lateral posteriors. Anterior row of eyes

straight by their posterior margins or slightly procurved; central anteriors less than twice the diameter

of the laterals. Clypeus very narrow, less than one-fourth the diameter of the anterior centrals. Sternum

nearly three times longer than broad; coxee of legs subequal. Legs 3, 1, 2, 4, or 3, 1, 4, 2. Leg i.

the stoutest, with the patella and tibia fringed below with longer hairs, Patelle i. and ii. with one inner

spine, iii. and iv. with 1—1 spines. Tibia i. and ii. with 1—1—1 lateral spines on each side, and 1—1

extra lateral inner spines. Protarsi i. and ii. with 1—2 spines on the outer side, 2—2 on the inner side ;

iii, and iv. with a subbasal and an apical ring of spines. Tibie iii. and iv. with, besides lateral spines, a

single small central dorsal basal spine. Maxille very much enlarged and dilate laterally at their apex.

Mandibles greatly enlarged, variable individually. Both fang-grooves situated on a semi-detached

bracket-like piece of the basal segment, variously shaped ; upper margin numerously toothed and with a

single larger tooth at its inner, or posterior, angle ; lower margin with a single large tooth at its inner,

or posterior, angle. The basal segment has a long, sharp, curved spur, starting from the inner margin

in front towards the base, directed downwards and forwards; there is also often a more or less developed

cusp on the outer margin about the middle of the basal segment. Palpi long and slender ; femur strongly

curved ; tarsus narrow, bulb narrow and elongate, with a slender apical, slightly spiraloid, spine; tibial

spur slender.

1. Pensacola signata. (Tab. XVIII. fige. 7, 7a, 3.)

Pensacola signata, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 84, t. 2. figg. 18, 13 a-e( 3 2) (Dec.)*.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA}.

I strongly suspect that this species is identical with Hamillus sylvestris, Peckh., but

without the type-specimens at hand for examination one cannot be certain.

2. Pensacola sylvestris. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 8, 8a-c, ¢.)

Hamillus sylvestris, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p.71, t.6. figg. 8, 3 a-c (3)

(April 1896) *.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5 millim.

Tibia and patella i. fringed with red or brown hairs beneath. Palpus clothed with white hairs; the tibia

white and in one example with a black line down its whole dorsal length. There may be two species

characterized by this difference in the tibia of the palpus and the red or brown hairs beneath tibia i. ;

but I can see no difference in the palpal organs, and have not material sufficient at hand to decide the

question.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatema.a, Eastern district !.

8. Pensacola radians. (Tab. XVIII. fig. 9, 2.)

Hamillus radians, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 72, t. 6. figg. 4, 4a (9?)

(April 1896) ’.

PENSACOLA.—PARDESSUS. 221

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6:2 millim.

Hab. Panama},

I have not come across any examples of this spider in our collection.

PARDESSUS.

Pardessus, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 35 (April 1896).

Type Pardessus mimicus (C. Koch). Brazil.

The type-species (sec. Peckham), of which there is only a female in our collection,

appears to me to be very close to Cyrene, but not having the males also it is difficult

to settle the point. I therefore leave the genus as it is, but am unable to give any

characters by which it can be satisfactorily separated from the above.

I. Patellz i. and ii. without spines. Abdomen orange or orange-red, with

two large adjacent black spots in front and two broad transverse black

bars behind, the first often dilate in the middle, the second apical.

Abdomen with a dark anterior marginal band. Ventral area brown,

with a pale cincture, formed by the continuance beneath of the first

dorsal pale band. Carapace clothed with rust-red or yellow-red hairs ;

cephalic area darker. Legs brown; patell, tibiz, and protarsi orange. mimicus, Koch.

II. Patelle i. and ii. with spines on the inner side. Abdomen brown, with

orange speckles, having a broad lateral-anterior marginal orange band

scarcely meeting in front, posteriorly deflected about the middle of the

lateral area ; and a broad, transversely procurving, orange band, whose

ends are bent below and recurved towards the spinners. Ventral area

pale brown. Carapace black, with red hairs and a marginal band of

white hairs. Legs brown; patelle rather paler; protarsi of all four

pairs clothed above with white scales ; femora and other segments also

with white scales 2. 2... ww. wee ee we grattiosus, Koch.

1. Pardessus mimicus. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 10, 10a, 2.)

Plexippus mimicus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 111, fig. 1173 (¢)’.

Pardessus mimicus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iil. 1, p. 36, t. 3. figg. 1,14, (2)

(April 1896) ’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 9-10 millim.

Hab. Panama ?.—Braziu!, Chapada |.

2. Pardessus gratiosus, (Tab. XVIII. figg. 11, lla, ¢.)

Phiale gratiosus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 198, figg. 1240, 1241 (?)*.

Pardessus gratiosus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 36 (April 1896) ?.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Braziu!.

The specimen shown on our Plate has been identified by Peckham as Pardessus

222 ARANEIDEA.

gratiosus, and it may be referable to Koch’s species, judging from the two published

figures.

CYRENE.

Cyrene, Peckham, P. Z.S. 1893, p. 698.

Heraclea, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 76 (April 1896).

Type of Cyrene, C. decorata, Peckham (in Mus. Brit.), St. Vincent, W.I. (2); of Heraclea, H. regia, Peckham,

Guatemala.

I am unable at present to recognize any generic distinction based on the structure

which would incline one to uphold the use of these two distinctive names. I am

also unable to understand on what system Peckham’s classification is based, or whether

there is any system intended. He, however, remarks that Heraclea is near Epinga,

but does not mention that Cyrene even enters the same group. pinga,in my opinion,

is not very nearly allied to either of them. It is of course possible that C. niveoguttata,

C. delecta, C. aprica, and C. interrupta may, with the type-species, whose abdominal

pattern is characteristic, form a convenient generic group, if some really definite

character be found on which to base such a distinction.

The following are the characters common to all the members included here under

Cyrene :—

9. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved; ocular quadrangle broader than long, wider in front. Carapace

elongate-oval, slightly dilate at the sides beyond the middle, about once and a quarter longer than

the ocular quadrangle, but very variable. Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath and one apical

spine, or 1—1 lateral spines on the inner side; protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath. Patelle

i. and ii. with or without a small spine on the inner side. Tibie iii. and iv. with or without a single

small dorsal basal spine * ; with 1—1—1 spines on each side. Protarsi iil. and iv. with a basal, median,

and apical transverse group of spines. Sternum very variable in shape, but, as a rule, rather dilate

posteriorly, where it narrows suddenly and concavely, forming a very broad blunt cone. Mandibles

simple, not developed, nor with enlarged teeth or apophyses ; with a short stout fang, two small teeth on

the upper margin, and a single slightly larger one on the lower.

The characters drawn from minute differences in the position of the eyes and in the

height and curvature of the carapace are so subtle, and so difficult of observation, as

to be almost useless, to my mind.

Males.

A. Abdomen bright orange-rust-red above, with central pale band.

i. Tibi ii. and iv. without a small dorsal basal spine.

1. Tibia of palpus incrassate, bilobate, prominent on the outer side,

viewed from above. Bulb not bilobate at the base; apical spine

short, slightly curved, with a small inner marginal prominence . regia, Peckh.

* This character separates the females into two groups—(1) including C. delecta, C. aprica, C. interrupta,

C. fusca, and C. bisignata, which possess the spine; and (2) the remaining species, in which it is absent.

Amongst several males of the latter, however, which are obviously congeneric with the females of that group,

the spine is present.

CYRENE. 223

2. Tibia of palpus not incrassate, or bilobate, or prominent on the

outer side, but with a long slender black spur deeply cleft at the

apex. Bulb deeply bilobate at the base ; apical spine long, slender,

filiform, curved. . . . . . pratensis, Peckh.

ii. Tibize iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.

1, Apical spur of bulb short, stout; bulb almost bisymmetrically

bilobate atthe base. 2. 1 ww ww ew ee ee niveoguttata, sp. n.

2. Apical spur of bulb long and slender ; bulb bilobate, but outer lobe

much more developed.

a’. Legs i. and ii. brown, tarsi yellow ; iii. and iv. spotted and annu-

late brown and yellow, protarsi yellow, except at the apex,

tarsi yellow. Ground-colour of carapace and abdomen brown.

Tibial spur of the palpus slightly though decidedly hooked at

the apex ; seen in profile the base of the bulb lies almost straight

along beneath the tibial spur, not upcurved. Abdomen usually

with distinct white central posterior herring-bone band, but this

is sometimes absent. (Carapace brown, broadly margined with

white, the band running up between the lateral eyes, with a

central anterior cephalic white spot and a posterior spot, often

isolated, usually coalescing with and followed by a pale

central band running to the posterior margin. Clypeus white.

Abdomen brown, more or less clothed with orange hairs, with

two white shoulder-spots, often united to form a transverse

band; with a central transverse pale band, sometimes resolved

into three spots, followed by a pale herring-bone band, with two

larger white spots on each side and two smaller ones close to

the spinners ; posterior margin white.) . . . . . . . . delecta, Peckh.

6'. Legsi., i1., i1., iv. black, tarsi yellow. Ground-colour of carapace

and abdomen black. Tibial spur of the palpus not hooked at

the apex; seen in profile the base of the bulb curves upward.

Abdomen without white herring-bone posterior band, but with

four thin white /\-shaped lines. (Carapace black, margined

and spotted as in C. delecta, but less distinctly. Clypeus white.

Abdomen black, with white anterior and central transverse

bands; in the absence of the herring-bone band the four white

spots remain conspicuous.) . . . . . . . « « + « . aprica, Peckh.*

B. Abdomen not orange-rust-red above, but brown or grey, with or without

central and marginal pale bands.

i. Legs red-brown or dull yellow-brown ; iii. and iv. sometimes annulate,

but, like i. and ii., not conspicuously spotted with black. Femora

ij. and ii. not clothed with bright orange scales in front.

* The palpi of C. delecta and C. aprica are very similar in form, and the coloration is extremely variable, at

least in the former. I believe, however, that C. aprica is a good species. The size, too, is of no importance,

as we have males of C. delecta varying from 3°5-6 millim.

24 ARANEIDEA.

* Apical spine of the palpus not bifurcate or bifid, simple, aculeate.

1. Tibiz iii., or ili. and iv., with a single small dorsal basal spine

(besides the usual laterals).

la. Tibie iii. and iv. with dorsal basal spines. Tibial spur of

palpus unibranchiate.

a’. Tibial spur of the palpus very long, slightly curved, directed

downward and forward, notched beneath at the apex.

(Carapace as in C. regia, with a white patch behind the

anterior eye. Bulb not bilobate at the base.) . . longispina, sp. n.

b'. Tibial spur of the palpus very short, short and broad, or

quite inconspicuous, merely tuberculiform.

aa’. Tibial spur of the palpus very inconspicuous, tuberculi-

form, bent downward and inward at the base of the

tarsus. Bulb not bilobate. Apical spine gently but

decidedly curved. (No white patch behind anterior eyes.) curvispina, sp. n.

bb'. Tibial spur of the palpus very short, but sharp and

sinuous. Apical spine very long and sinuously straight.

Bulb very much enlarged and bilobate . . . bulbosa, sp. n.

1b. Tibia iii. only with dorsal basal spines. Tibial spur of pals

bibranchiate. (Apical spine modified to form a large flat

curving plate. Bulb not bilobate.). . . . . . . . «. bdicuspidata, sp. n.

2, Tibi iii. and iv. without any dorsal basal spines.

a’. Palpal bulb deeply bilobate at the base (but not enlarged).

Apical spine very short and not very stout. a spur

short and curved.) . . . bilobata, sp. n.

b’. Palpal bulb simple, not bilobate, but distinctly attenuate at

the base. Apical spine very long, either straight or very

strongly curved.

aa’. Tibial spur of the palpus short, broad, quadrate, bent

inward, the angles not produced. Bulb suddenly attenuate

at the base. Apical spine straight, or only very hana

curved from the base... . grisea, sp. 0.

bb’. Tibial spur of the palpus Hort, broad, ‘but its Singles

produced, the inner or upper one much more than the

outer or lower. Bulb gradually attenuate basally. Apical

spine very strongly curved from the base, its apex being

also itself strongly incurved . . . . . . prominens, sp. n.

** Apical spine of the palpus broad, more or less bifid or bifurcate,

divided into a pair of longer or shorter branches.

a, Tibiz iii. and iv. with a single small dorsal basal spine.

a’. Tibial spur of the palpus short and blunt. Apical spine less

deeply bifid: inner branch short, broad, straight, concave ;

outer branch short, curved, and transparent, very incon-

spicuous . . . . bifida, sp. nu.

CYRENE.

b'. Tibial spur of the palpus long, straight, stout, slightly curving

downwards, notched beneath at the apex. Apical spine

deeply bifid, the two branches being very slender and sub-

similar, the upper one slightly sinuous . .

6. Tibiz iii. and iv. without any small dorsal basal spines.

aa. Palpal bulb simple at the base, rounded, globular. Tibial

spur broad, short, its outer angle sharp. Apical spine

deeply and broadly bifurcate, the upper branch longest

and strongly curved, the lower short and not very con-

spicuous . . .

6b. Palpal bulb rather suddenly. attenuate at t the base. “Tibial

spur short, very broad, with a sharp angle in the middle.

Apical spine very broad, slightly dilate and bifid at apex .

un. Legs yellow, conspicuously spotted with black. Tibize i. and ii. jet-

black beneath. Femorai. and ii. clothed in front with bright orange

scales. (Cephalic area orange-red, without a white spot between

and behind the anterior central eyes; otherwise as in C. regia.

Abdomen olive-brown, with central and marginal grey bands.

Tibial spur of the palpus short, broad, truncate at the apex, the

inner angle of the oblique truncation bent down inwards at the base

of the tarsus. Tibiz iii. and iv. with a small central basal dorsal

spine.)

225.

bifurcata, sp. D.

rustica, Peckh.

minuta, sp. n.

maculatipes, sp. n.

Nors.—I do not know the male of C. sanguinea (Peckh.) nor of C. dybowskii (Tacz.), and cannot therefore

include them in the Table. The figure given of the palpus of the latter by Peckham is not sufficiently detailed

for the purpose.

Females.

A. Tibiee iii. and iv. without any small dorsal basal spines.

AA. Carapace, abdomen, and legs orange-yellow, the former with pale

bands or black bands and markings.

1. Carapace with a pale central and pale marginal bands; abdomen

with a pale central band. Vulva transverse circular oval, posterior

margin deeply indented in the middle, with a pair of widely

separate transverse orifices . . ee

2. Carapace with a dark brown central and marginal pale bands ;

abdomen with two pairs of black blotches, the anterior pair

confluent in front, the posterior pair behind. Vulva slightly

emarginate behind, not indented, with a small tubercle in the

centre of the posterior margin, and a pair of widely separate long

sinuous lines, anteriorly marking the position of the orifices

BB. Carapace, abdomen, and legs brown, black, or red, mottled.

ij. Abdomen clothed with orange-rust-red or golden hairs on the dorsal

surface, besides pale spots, with a pale central or pale transverse

bars.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., Apri] 1901.

flavescens, sp. 1.

hieroglyphica, sp. n.

2 ef

ARANEIDEA.

aa. Patelle i. and ii. without short spines either on the inner or the

outer side.

a’, Legs unicolorous red-brown. (Abdomen rust-red above, with

an anterior marginal white band, dilate behind and directed

upward; followed by an elongate transverse white spot ;

with two central longitudinal dorsal white spots, margined

with black; posterior spinners black; sides of abdomen

black, ventral area pale, or white. Legs and palpi entirely

brown, except the coxe, trochanters, and patelle.) . . . dybowskii, Tacz.

b’. Legs more or less annulated with yellow and brown.

* Carapace with a central posterior band of white hairs.

Femora i. and i. not dark at the base. Vulva short,

broad, semicircular or rounded, quadrate, emarginate in the

middle of the posterior margin, each side sloping upward to

form a central ridge, with dark central blotches under the

' epidermis, and a dark orifice at each anterior angle. . . emarginata, sp. n.

** Carapace without a band of white hairs, but with a pale

yellow central posterior band; a few obliquely curved

lateral bars of white hairs only present. Femora i. and ii.

dark at the base. Vulva very long, usually sinuously

prominent on the posterior margin, with a central ridge

or carina, and an anterior marginal convexity with a dark

orifice on each side . . . . soe ee ew ew ee regia, Peckh.

66. Patelle i. and 11. with a short spine on the i inner side.

1. Abdomen rust-red, with a central black longitudinal band; on

it lies a central white arrow-head, followed by a transverse

oval white spot, centred with red, behind which to the spinners

is a band of rust-red, with two or three small white spots on

each side; sides white, speckled with brown; ventral area

white. Legs entirely yellow. . . . . . - « pratensis, Peckh.

2. Abdomen clothed with golden hairs, with a white anterior

marginal band, a transverse white band at the middle,

followed by two indistinct pale curved transverse bars and

three snowy-white spots in a transverserow. . . . . , niveoguttata.

8. Abdomen yellow, with a pale central band . . . . flava, sp. n.

ii. Abdomen not clothed with orange-rust-red hairs on the dorsal

surface, simply grey or mottled brown, usually without any pale

anterior band, but with a pair of more or less distinct pale spots

on each side in the apical half, and a more or less well-defined

pale central dorsal scalloped band.

* Carapace with a marginal or submarginal band of white

hairs.

a. Vulva without any large concavity on either the anterior or

posterior margin.

CYRENE.

1. Posterior margin of vulva with a conspicuous rounded

prominence in the middle.

a’. Vulva with, anteriorly, a pair of deep semicircular

channels connected behind, widely divergent in front

. Vulva with, anteriorly, a pair of oval cavities, one

diameter apart, situated transversely and obliquely,

followed by a pair of brown spermathecal spots longi-

tudinally situate 2. 2... 1 we eee

2. Posterior margin of vulva without any rounded prominence

in the middle. .

aa. Vulva with, anteriorly, a pair of short, procurving,

divergent, widely separate, semilunar, chitinous edges.

Behind lie a pair of large oval spots, with a narrow

piece on the inner side of each, beneath the epidermis ;

posterior margin with a broad, chitinous, transverse

piece. . . ew eee

66. Vulva with, anteriorly, a pair of long, slightly sinuous,

chitinous edges, obliquely convergent forward. Behind

he a pair of small circular spots and the posterior

margin is simple, not broadly chitinized .

b. Vulva with a large concavity on either the anterior or posterior

portion of the epigynal area or in the middle.

aaa. Vulval cavity situated in the middle of the epigynal area.

+ Cavity horseshoe-form, with anteriorly a pair of deep

oval cavities, and posteriorly a pair of more or less

adjacent oval spermathecal spots Loe .

++ Cavity circular-piriform, with no anterior pair of cavities,

and posteriorly a pair of subadjacent circular-reniform

spots 2. 2. 2. ee ee ee ee

bbb. Vulval cavity situated on either the anterior or posterior

portion.

a', Vulva with a broad transverse-oval cavity, posteriorly

notched in the middle, with a rounded prominence in

the middle of the anterior side of the cavity

é'. Vulva with a broad transverse-oval cavity, sinuous on the

posterior margin, but not so deeply notched, without

any rounded prominence anteriorly

** Carapace without a marginal or submarginal band of white hairs.

a. Legs i. and ii. not, and ii. and iv. very indistinctly, annulate.

Abdomen with a well-defined dark black-brown dorsal band,

bordered on the outside with a slightly broken pale marginal

band, and embracing a white central dorsal bar scalloped

anteriorly and somewhat chevroned towards the spinners.

Vulva with, anteriorly, a large transverse-oval cavity, behind

prominens, sp. n.

infuscata, sp. 0.

pallida, sp. n.

bicuspidata, sp. n.

mediocava, sp. n.

elegans, sp. 0.

lattcava, sp. n.

simplicicava, sp. n.

2 ef 2

ARANEIDEA.

this a pair of blue-black sinuous spots, with a small concavity

lying between them; posterior margin concave in the centre,

without any prominence . . .. .. . + . + « © albosignata, sp. 0,

6. Legs i., ii., iii., and iv. annulate. Abdomen without any well-

defined dark dorsal band; marginal pale band represented by

a pair of pale spots only. Central dorsal pale band scalloped.

throughout, broader behind and not chevroned. Vulva with,

anteriorly, a pair of large reniform cavities, convergent in

front ; posterior margin sinuous, with a conspicuous rounded

conical prominence in the middle . , . . . . . . ~ Otcavata, sp. n.

B. Tibiz iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.

a. Abdomen either brown with a central dorsal pale band, or yellow with

a central dark band, or often the whole dorsal area dark brown; no

transverse pale bands.

1. Abdomen brown, with a central dorsal pale band. Legs not

annulate; no marginal band of white hairs on the carapace.

Vulva very simple, transverse-oval, posterior margin emarginate

in the middle, with a pair of small oval-oblique cavities, pak

convergent,inthe middle . . .....4.2.+2.~. . fusca, sp. n.

2. Abdomen yellow, with a central dark band, or the whole dorsal area

dark. Legs annulate; a marginal band of white hairs and a pair

of elongate pale spots on the carapace. Vulva more complex,

consisting of a pair of circular dark spots, in contact on their

inner margins, connected anteriorly with a circularly curved duct,

geniculate where it joins the dark spot; posterior margin not

emarginate . . . . ee ee ee ee we ew ee Bisignata, sp. n.

6. Abdomen with two transverse pale bands or cinctures, one on the

anterior margin, the second just before the middle.

aa. Anterior band broken in the middle, followed a an elongate,

central, longitudinal pale spot . . . interrupta, sp. n.

66. Anterior band not broken in the middle nor followed by a a

longitudinal central pale spot.

1, Second transverse anterior abdominal band (between the two pale

bands) very dark, with black and red hairs mixed. Posterior

margin of vulva not concavely emarginate, but prominent in the

middle andsinuous. . . . .........482. aprica, Peckh.

2. Second transverse abdominal band orange-rust-red. Posterior

margin of vulva concavely emarginate, with a pair of oval

orifices, about their own diameter apart and the same distance

from the posterior margin . . . . . . . . . . . . delecta, Peckh.

Nore.—C. geminata has not been included in this Table, because the colours have faded in the single

specimen seen; but the form of the vulva is very distinct. C. rustica and C. flavescens are not known to me

in nature.

CYRENE. 229

Females.

Separable by the spinulation of the legs.

A. No basal dorsal spines on tibiz iii. and iv.

a. Tibia i. with a single apical lateral spine on the inner side. (No

spines on the inner side of patelle i. andii.) . . . . . . . . regia, emarginata,

prominens, bicuspidata, pallida, bicavata, elegans, albosignata, dybowskii, flavescens.

6. Tibia i. with 1—1 lateral spines, apical and basal.

1. No spine on patelle i. and ii.on the inner side . . . . . + ~ mediocava.

2. A spine on patelle i. and ii.on the inner side . . . . . . . Jaticava, pratensis,

infuscata, niveoguttata, flava, hieroglyphica, simplicicava.

B. A basal dorsal spine on tibiz iii. and iv.

a. Tibiz i. and ii. with 1—1 lateral spines on the inner side. No spines

on patelle i. and il. on the inner side. Protarsus 11. without lateral

spines on the inner side. . . . . . . .... . =. . . fusca, delecta, aprica,

interrupta.

b, Tibie i. and ii. with 1 apical lateral spine on the inner side. Spines

on patelle i. and ii. on the inner side. Protarsus ii. with 1—1

lateral spines on the inner side . . . . . . . . . . . .. bisignata.

Norr.—The female of C. rustica, which is unknown to me, is not included in this Table.

1. Cyrene regia. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 12, 12a-g, 3 ; 13, 13 a-d, 2.)

Heraclea regia, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 77, t. 3. figg. 6, 6 a-c (2),

t. 4. figg. 1, la, 6 (3) (April 1896) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Peckham. Total length, g¢ 10, 2 13 millim.

Dried example, g. Carapace black, entirely margined, except behind, with a broad white band. Cephalic

area clothed in the centre with golden-grey hairs, with a triangular rounded patch of white hairs behind

and between the anterior central eyes. Thoracic area with a broad, elongate, diamond-shaped patch

down the centre, finely attenuate towards the posterior margin. Abdomen black in front, orange-

rust-red dorsally, surrounded by a dull black ground-tint, margined in front by a broad white band,

extending halfway along the side, followed by a single white spot in the apical third, whose anterior half

is flanked by a brownish elongate spot on each side; a single broad, central, longitudinal, dorsal

white band runs from the anterior third of the spinners, being usually scalloped slightly in the posterior

half; spinners brown, posterior pair black, with white hairs above; ventral area grey, spotted with

black, clothed with grey hairs. Legs i. and ii. uniform red-brown, more or less clothed with white hairs ;

iii. and iv. paler, the femora with a central white and basal and apical black patches ; tibize and protarsi

of all four pairs more or less suffused with brown at the apex. Palpi brown; femur and patella thickly

clothed with white hairs. The colour slightly varies, the lateral band often being broken to form a

second spot. Femora i. and ii. are often clothed with white hairs on the apical half or third

above. Sometimes the diamond-shaped band unites laterally with the lateral bands towards the posterior

margin. The legs i. and il. are also often black.

The female is coloured similarly to the male, but the lateral subapical spots on the abdomen are more

isolated, the anterior marginal band being usually less pronounced. Legs i. and ii. deep purple-brown,

the protarsi and tarsi paler, the femora with a broad pale annulation in the middle; iii. and iv. paler,

annulate throughout with black. The white hairs tend to a yellowish tint, and the palpi are pale yellow

with brown annulations, The femur, patella, and tibia tipped above with yellow-white hairs. The

central abdominal band and lateral spots are more conspicuously cinctured with black than in the male ;

the carapace has not, however, the conspicuous white patches of that sex. The thoracic region has a

230 ARANEIDEA.

pale central band, with a procurved oblique dark line and another nearer the central line on each side,

marking the position of the thoracic strie.

d. Palpal bulb simple ; apical spine short, dilate at the base, sharply pointed, often with a small prominence

on the inner side; tibial spur large and conspicuous from above, somewhat involved from below, bilobate

and not easy to see.

9. Vulva consisting of a large elongate area, having a long, conspicuous, central carina starting anteriorly

from a semicircular convexity. The posterior margin is often slightly trilobate, the central lobe being

more conspicuous. The details, however, vary very much, the posterior margin being simply rounded in

some cases, not lobate. The anterior convexity has a pair of small round orifices.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua (Sarg), Eastern District !.

2. Cyrene sanguinea.

Heraclea sanguinea, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 78 (April 1896) '.

Var. Heraclea paradoza, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 79”.

Types, d, in coll. Peckham.

Hab. Guatemaua, Eastern District } 2.

No figures or description of the male palpus are given. ‘The spider is said to be

closely allied to C. regia, but the mere statement that “the palpus, however, is

different” does not help the student, or tend to advance science. The species

is probably identical with the male here described as C. pratensis, and another

synonym might possibly have been avoided by the barest mention of the form of the

tibial spur.

3. Cyrene longispina, sp. n. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 14, 14 a-d, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Dried example, g. Colour similar in most respects to that of C. regia. Femora of legs, however, not

banded. Abdomen dorsally deep purple-brown or black, with a marginal band of white hairs in front,

this uniting with a broad lateral and marginal band of white hairs, reaching almost to the spinners ;

a broad central band of white hairs reaching from the anterior marginal band to the spinners. The

posterior legs are, perhaps, more densely clothed with white hairs than in C. regia. Ventral area black,

with greyish hairs.

Palpus very different from that of C. regia: bulb with a long, slender, sinuous, apical spine, its point

directed outward ; tibial spur long, slender, sinuous, slightly notched below at the apex.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

This spider resembles C. regia in general coloration, except that the abdomen is

not orange-red above, but brown; and the tibial spur of the palpus is of a totally

different structure, being long and slender. This spur much resembles that of the

variety of C. pratensis in which the apical fissure is very shallow; but the much more

slender apical spine and the deeply bilobate basal portion of the bulb of the latter will

prevent any confusion of the two forms.

4. Cyrene bilobata, sp.n. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 15, 15 a-d, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

CYRENE. | 231

This species can be recognized at once by the deeply bilobate base of the palpal bulb.

The carapace has a white central thoracic spot, a spot between the lateral eyes and

behind the posterior laterals, and also a thin marginal band of white hairs, including

the clypeus. The abdomen is brown-yellow, with a complete marginal white band and

a broken central dorsal pale band. Ventral area black, with a central pale band, the

black area itself margined with a band of white; between this last and the dorsal

marginal white band is another dark band. Legs uniform yellow-brown, the apex of

the femora dusky.

5. Cyrene bulbosa, sp. n. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 16, 16 a-d, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The carapace of the single specimen received of this spider is much rubbed and the

abdomen is destroyed, but the palpal organs are so very distinctly different from those

of any other forms in our collection that I do not hesitate to describe it as new. The

carapace probably had no white spot behind the anterior eyes, but a central thoracie

white band and a marginal white band embracing the clypeus. The legs are all more

or less clothed and annulated with white hairs, especially in front of tibiee and protarsi

i. and ii. The mandibles have no clothing of white hairs in front.

6. Cyrene prominens, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 1, 1 a-e,¢; 2, 2a, 2.)

Type ¢,gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 8, 2 10 millim.

The abdomen of the female is not very well preserved, but the form of the vulva is so characteristic that

there can be no mistake in identification. Legs orange, banded with brown as in C. regia. The

carapace is clothed with yellow-grey hairs and has a pale central posterior ground-line, but no band of

white hairs. For a description of the vulva, palpus, and other available points of difference, see the

Table of species.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica (Rogers).

This species is closely allied to both C. regia and C. emarginata, but may be

distinguished by the form of the vulva, and of that of the palpal organs, and by the

absence of rust-red hairs on the abdomen.

7. Cyrene curvispina, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 3, 3 a-c, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Dried example, g. Colour similar to that of C. pratensis, except that the scales on the cephalic area are

tinged with red, rather than green. Femur and patella of palpus clothed with white hairs. The

abdomen has apparently no rust-red hairs above, but the colouring is obliterated. The species is,

however, perfectly distinct from C. pratensis and all other described forms.

Palpus : apical spine of bulb long, slender, sharp, and gently curved; bulb not bilobate at the base; tibial

spur very little developed, being very short and conical, its apex pressing inward (the tibia is, in reality,

deeply emarginate on its outer anterior margin).

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

232 ABRANEIDEA.

- 8. Cyrene pratensis. (Tab. XIX. figg. 4, 4a-e, ¢; 5, 5a-d, 2.)

Hyllus pratensis, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 70, t. 2. fig. 6 (¢) (Dec.)’.

Cytea (?) concinna, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 74, t. 2. figg. 8, 8a (2) ”.

Type, 3, H. pratensis, and 9, C. concinna, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 10, 2 8 millim.

Dried example, ¢. Carapace deep red-brown or black, having a central narrow band of white scales

extending from between the posterior lateral eyes almost to the posterior margin ; posterior two-thirds of

the lateral margins with a narrow band of white scales; posterior margin devoid of scales. Cephalic

area clothed with dull greyish-green scales ; anterior central eyes set in yellowish-pink hairs. Abdomen

bright rust-red dorsally, with a broad dark brown or black margin, and a broad central longitudinal band

of white scales, pure white anteriorly, tinged with yellow and somewhat narrowed in the centre,

becoming dilate again at the spinners; sides broadly clothed with grey or white hairs, which are not

continued, however, in front; ventral area brown.

Mandibles deep red-brown, transversely rugulose. Palpi red-brown, the femora above clothed with white

scales. Legs i. and ii. red-brown, iii. and iv. paler; tarsi pale yellow, clothed with brown hairs; the

segments of iii. and iv. suffused with dusky brown at their apex.

Inner upper angle of mandible, which bears the usual two teeth, prominent. Palpal bulb deeply bilobate at

. its base, the outer lobe narrowed and prolonged ; the apical spine slender, elongate, and slightly curving,

its point directed outward; tibial spur slender (often stouter), elongate, and deeply bifid at its apex,

forming a little fork, sometimes deeply cleft like the tongue of a snake.

‘9. Carapace yellow; cephalic area brown or black, with brown hairs interspersed with rich red-brown ones,

especially just above the anterior central eyes ; all the eyes are encircled with yellow hairs; a conspicuous

/N\-shaped yellow mark, its branches converging in front but not actually meeting, lies on the anterior

part of the cephalic area; and a yellow band, pointed in front, terminating behind in the middle of the

thoracic area, starts from between the dorsal eyes. The carapace is also bordered with a band of whitish

hairs on the sides, and besides numerous whitish hairs there are inconspicuous obliquely curving bands of

these hairs on the sides just behind the cephalic area. Abdomen black in the centre, rich red-brown in

front and at the sides of the dorsal area ; with a central yellow arrow-head directed forwards, followed by a

transverse-oval yellow spot centred with red-brown, behind which to the spinners is a band of rich red-

brown, flanked on each side, touching it, by three small pure white spots; the front and lateral margins

are yellow, the latter with a long sinuous dark line, more or less broken up, running towards the spinners :

-ventral area clothed with grey-white hairs. Mandibles, clypeus, palpi, and legs uniform yellow, clothed

with grey-white hairs. In some examples the ventral area is dusky black, and the transverse-oval dorsal

spot has oblique lateral branches.

Vulva consisting of a transverse sinuous rim in front, its centre projecting forwards and curving forwards at

the sides, with a central longitudinal furrow, having a raised central carina; the posterior margin is

sinuously emarginate and the sides are convex, with the oviducts showing dark beneath the surface.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemara!? (Sarg).

Since the above was written, Mr. Peckham’s paper ! has come to hand, and it enables

me to identify the male and female described as his Hyllus pratensis and Cytwa concinna

respectively. The coloration of the male, as is often the case, appears, at first sight,

to be quite different from that of the female, and one would not suppose that they

belonged to the same species. We have, however, luckily, an immature male which

represents a conclusive transitional stage between the two sexes; it has the whole

of the dorsal area of the abdomen red, and the spots, so conspicuous in the female,

quite distinct, but very faint (in the adult male only the slightest traces of them

remain). In the immature male also the \-shaped or oblique pale lines on the

cephalic area are quite distinct.

CYRENE. 233

I cannot at present separate this species generically from Cyrene delecta, and therefore

leave it in the same genus.

9. Cyrene grisea, sp. n. (Tab. XIX. fige. 6, 6a-c, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. ‘Total length 7 millim.

Carapace red-brown, with a broad marginal band, a patch behind the eyes, and a central posterior band, white.

The base of the mandibles is densely clothed with white hairs, but the clypeus is devoid of them. The

femur and patella of the palpus are also devoid of white hairs. Abdomen mouse-grey above, with a very

indistinct central pale band, resolving itself into three triangular spots just above the spinners; ventral

area grey, with three dusky brown longitudinal speckled bars; sides speckled with sooty-brown. Legs

i, and ii. brown, tarsi yellow; iii. and iv. annulated with yellow and brown.

Hab. GuateMAua (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This species may, amongst those known to us, be recognized at once by the white

hairs on the mandibles in front.

10. Cyrene bifida, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 7, 7a-d, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace red-brown, with a broad white marginal band including the clypeus, a central white band extending

from between the posterior eyes to the hind margin, and a broad white band behind the anterior central

eyes. Mandibles at the base, apex of femur, and patella of palpus clothed with white hairs. Abdomen

brown or black above, with a narrow central longitudinal dorsal pale band, becoming somewhat herring-

boned towards the spinners; sides pale, speckled with brown; ventral area brown. Legs i. and ii.

yellow-brown ; iii. and iv. yellow, unicolorous. .

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

11. Cyrene rustica, (Tab. XIX. figg. 8, 8a-d, ¢; 9, 2.)

Heraclea rustica, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 79, t. 4. figg. 2, 26 (3),

2a,c (2) (April 1896) *.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 9, 2 8 millim.

Hab. Guatemaa! (Sarg).

The excellent drawing of the male palpus and the description quoted enable me to

include the differential characters in the Table of species.

Our figures of the male are drawn from an adult male taken by Mr. Sarg.

12. Cyrene minuta, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 10, 10 a-c, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

In this small species the legs i. and ii. are unicolorous, and iii. and iv. annulated.

The carapace has a submarginal band of white hairs, including the clypeus. The

abdomen is brown and speckled, with a very indistinct pale central band and a few

very narrow chevrons towards the spinners. The tibie iii. and iv. are without small

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., May 1901. 2uf

234 ARANEIDEA.

dorsal basal spines. The tibial spur of the palpus is short and broad, with a central

cusp much curved inwards. There is no apical palpal spine proper, but a broad chitinous

process: see figure.

13. Cyrene bifurcata, sp. n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 11, lla, 4, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Dried example, ¢. Carapace deep brown, broadly and entirely surrounded, except behind, with white hairs.

Cephalic area with a broad transverse band of white hairs behind the anterior row of eyes, sometimes

uniting with the central pale band. Thoracic area with a central band of white hairs extending from

between the posterior lateral eyes to more than halfway to the posterior margin. Abdomen brown, with

a longitudinal central greyish band reaching from the anterior margin to the spinners, and a broad lateral

grey band on each side; ventral area grey, speckled with brown. Femur and patella of palpus and the

base of the mandible with white hairs. Legs i. and ii. yellow-brown; iii. and iv. yellow, clothed with

white scales and brown hairs. The eyes of the anterior row are set in a narrow fringe of orange scales,

besides those of the white band.

Palpus. Tibial spur long, straight, stout, simple, and blunt at the apex, viewed from the side; slightly curved

at the apex and notched below, viewed from beneath; bulb slightly bilobate at the base, but not as in

C. pratensis; apical spur very stout at the base, elongate, sinuously curved, its apex divided into two

long slender spines, the upper outer one being the longest.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This species is closely allied to C. rustica (Peckh.), but differs from it in having

a long tibial spur and the prongs of the apical fork of the palpal spine less widely

separate.

14. Cyrene maculatipes, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 12, 12 a-d, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Dried example, $. Carapace black, entirely encircled, except behind, with a broad marginal band of white

scales; clypeus with thick white hairs. Cephalic area clothed with orange-red scales above and on

the sides ; thoracic area with a band of white hairs from between the posterior lateral eyes meeting the

marginal band behind. Anterior eyes set in bright orange scales. Palpi clothed with grey hairs, but

without pure white hairs. Legs orange-yellow ; femora i. and ii. with an inner apical, anterior apical,

and basal black spot, clothed in front with a dense covering of orange scales ; tibia and protarsi i. and ii.

brown, the former jet-black beneath, the latter at the apex, with whitish hairs above, dorsally. Legs iii.

and iv. more or less annulated and spotted with brown. Abdomen rich olive-brown or black above, with

a broad central grey-white band reaching from the anterior margin to the spinners; anterior margin and

sides slightly clothed with whitish hairs; ventral area grey.

Palpt. Very similar to those of C. curvispina. Tibia enlarged and very convex on the outer side, with a rather

sharp point bent inwards to the base of the tarsus, between the margin of the tarsus and the bulb; apical

spine practically the same as in C. curvispina, but the bulb is not so broad and more sinuous on the outer

side, and the upper lobe has a distinct prominence on the inner side.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Sinith).

Recognizable by its orange, black-spotted legs and the dense orange covering of the

anterior side of femora i. and ii.

CY RENE. 235

15. Cyrene emarginata, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 13, 13a, 9.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Colour the same as in C. regia, but the femora of legs i. and ii. are not dark at the base, though this slight

difference may not be constant. The carapace with a distinct central band of white hairs behind.

Vulva short, broad, semicircular or rounded-quadrate, emarginate in the middle of the posterior margin,

each side sloping upward to form a central ridge, with a dark spot at each anterior angle, and an irregular

dark blotch towards the posterior margin.

Hab. GuateMaa (Sarg).

This species differs from C. regia in the form of the vulva, and in the two less important

details mentioned.

16. Cyrene infuscata, sp. n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 14, 14a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Very similar to others of the group. ‘The abdominal pattern is inconspicuous, though

this would probably vary very much with individuals. The legs are distinctly annulated

with black, and the two white spots towards the apex of the abdomen, on the dorsal

margins, are conspicuous ; beneath, the ventral area is much speckled with brown.

17. Cyrene bicavata, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 15, 15a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Though smaller in size, this species presents precisely the same general appearance

as do C. prominens and C. bicuspidata. The vulva, however, is very different in form,

presenting two large concavities, divergent posteriorly; while the posterior margin

presents a rounded prominence in the middle, just as in C. prominens.

18. Cyrene albosignata, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 16, 16a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

The contrast between the white central dorsal abdominal band and the brown-speckled

eground-work is more marked in this species than in others of the group known to me.

Legs i. and ii. are unicolorous, those of the first pair being dark brown; iii. and iv.

are very slightly and indistinctly annulate. The vulva is quite distinct in form: the

posterior margin is deeply emarginate, with a pair of blue-black sinuous spots, marking

convolutions of the oviduct, with a small concavity lying between them; the anterior

half of the area is occupied by a broad transverse cavity.

2ut 2

236: ARANEIDEA.

19. Cyrene hieroglyphica, sp. n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 17, 174, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace orange, cephalic area and thoracic central band brown. Abdomen yellow, both dorsally and ventrally,

encircled to the spinners by a narrow marginal black band, with two large black dorsal spots, the first

horseshoe-shaped, the second consisting of a pair of elongate black blotches uniting with a square black

spot immediately above the spinners. Ventral area yellow, with a long black spot on each side, in the

apical half.

Legs entirely yellow; tibie iii. and iv. without any basal dorsal spine ; patella i. and ii. with a small spine

on the inner side,

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

20. Cyrene flava, sp.n. (Tab. XIX. figg. 18, 184, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. GuateMaAa (Sarg).

This species may be distinguished amongst others described here by the presence

in the female sex of a small stout spine on the inner side of patelle i. and ii. The

tibie iii. and iv. have no small dorsal basal spine. The general colour is yellow, with

brown cephalic arc and brown lateral bands on the carapace, while the abdomen has a

central pale band margined with brown accent-like spots. ‘The vulva is very distinct

in form, being very deeply emarginate posteriorly, with a pair of orifices, about two

diameters apart, anteriorly.

21. Cyrene bisignata, sp.n. (Tab. XX. figg. 1, 1a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarq).

A very small species, recognizable generally by the presence of a small dorsal basal

spine on tibie iii. and iv. and of a small spine on the inner side of patelle i. and ii.,

characters distinguishing it from C. fusca, C. delecta, and C. aprica, though with the

last two it has nothing in common, so far as the coloration is concerned. The vulva

is very distinct and characteristic, see Plate. C. bisignata differs from all the other

species of the genus in having a central dark thoracic band flanked on each side by a

pale band, and a submarginal brown and a marginal pale band.

22, Cyrene mediocava, sp.n. (Tab. XX. figg. 2, 2a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemara (Sarg).

In general appearance similar to others of the group which have no rust-red pattern

on the abdomen. The carapace is margined with a band of white hairs, and has a

central posterior pale band. The legs are only very slightly annulate, but there is much

variation in this respect.

CYRENE. 237

23. Cyrene laticava, sp.n. (Tab. XX. figg. 3, 3a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7-5 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua (Sarg).

Very similar to others of the group including C. prominens, C. bicuspidata, &c.,

differing from all, except C. bicuspidata and C. bicavata, in having a black patch on the

inner anterior basal part of femora i. and ii., and a black spot on the inner side of

patelle i. and ii. Too great reliance, however, must not be placed on these slight

differences in coloration, for much more material for comparison is required before

one can judge of their real value for purposes of identification. The vulva is quite

distinct in form: the posterior margin is deeply notched in the middle, the whole

posterior half forming a broad transverse oval concavity, with a rounded protuberance

in the middle of its anterior margin; in front of this lies an oval-oblong chitinous area

clothed with hairs.

24, Cyrene simplicicava, sp.n. (Tab. XX. figg. 4, 4a, b, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (H. H. Smith).

This species is very like C. /atccava in general appearance, including the black patch

on the inner anterior basal portion of femora i. and ii. The abdominal pattern, how-

ever, is much more clearly defined, the central pale dorsal band being broader, more

conspicuous, and suddenly enlarged just behind the middle, and then again contracted,

forming four or five chevrons. The vulva is quite distinct in form, having no anterior

prominence and not being so deeply incised or emarginate behind.

25. Cyrene pallida, sp.n. (Tab. XX. fige. 5, 5a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Guatemara (Sarq).

This large species belongs to the C. prominens-group, but the dorsal pale band is

much broader and dilate behind, forming a large pale triangular spot. The abdomen

is, however, denuded of hairs, so that it is difficult to say whether the pale markings

would not be obscured in its normal condition. The carapace has a marginal band of

white hairs and a central posterior white band, and the cephalic area is sparsely clothed

with white hairs. The vulva is formed on the same plan as that of C. albosignata and

C. elegans, consisting of a slightly emarginate sinuous posterior margin, with a pair

of dark blotches in front marking the convolutions of the oviduct, while in front of

these lie, instead of a large concavity, a pair of widely separated chitinous semilunar

edges marking the entrances to a pair of orifices.

238 ARANEIDEA.

26. Cyrene fusca, sp. n. (Tab. XX. figg. 6, 6a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

This spider differs considerably in general appearance from others of the group. It

bears a small dorsal spine on the base of tibie iii. and iv., and there are no spines on

patelle i. and ii. The abdomen is deep olive-brown, speckled with white, with an

anterior marginal pale band and a postero-dorsal central pale band, the latter dilated

on each side at its middle and also at its apex; sides and ventral area speckled with

olive-brown. Cephalic area black, thoracic area broadly margined with black ; no bands

of pale hairs. The vulva is very inconspicuous, consisting of a broad oval chitinous

area, more or less emarginate behind, with a pair of small concave orifices close to the

posterior margin.

27. Cyrene elegans, sp.n. (Tab. XX. figg. 7, 7a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Very similar to C. prominens in general appearance, and with all the legs spotted

and annulated with brown. The vulva is quite distinct, however, from that of those

species most resembling it in general aspect, though formed on the same plan as the

vulva of C. albosignata: the posterior margin is emarginate in the middle, sinuous on

each side; in front of this margin lie a pair of dark spots, marking convolutions of

the oviduct, and in front of this again lies a large shallow piriform cavity, partially

concealed by long hairs.

28. Cyrene bicuspidata, sp. n. (Tab. XX. figg. 8, 8,6, ¢ ; 9, 9a, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 7, 2 8 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

It is almost impossible to believe that the female of this species, or the male either,

is different from C. prominens. The coloration of the abdomen is precisely the same ;

the legs are annulate in both species, i., ii., iii., and iv. in the female, iii. and iv. in the

male. The only differences lie in the greater length of the carapace in C. prominens,

the absence of the dusky spot beneath the abdomen at the apex (but it is doubtful if

this is constant), and, of course, in the vulva and palpal organs, which are quite

distinct in structure.

29. Cyrene delecta. (Tab. XX. figg. 10, 10a-c, ¢ ; 11, 1la, 4, 2.)

Cyrene delecta, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 68, t. 6. figg.2a,b(¢),

2, 2c (2) (April 1896) *; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 285”.

CYRENE. 239

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 6°8, 9 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks?), Acapulco, Vera Cruz, Teapa (H. H. Smith);

GuaTEMALA (Sarg), Eastern district}; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Several adult and young males and young females occur in our collection, but no

adult females,

30. Cyrene aprica. (Tab. XX. figg. 12, 12a, d,s ; 13,134, 2.)

Cyrene aprica, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 66, t. 6. figg. 1, la (2)

(April 1896) *..

Type 2, androtype d, in coll. Peckham. Total length, 2 7, ¢ 6 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua | (Sarg).—Amazons, Santarem!; Braziu, Chapada !.

Peckham gives no figure of the palpus of the male, so that it is difficult to compare

C. aprica with the same sex of C. delecta. We have a single adult male, however,

which I somewhat doubtfully refer to this species.

31. Cyrene interrupta, sp.n. (Tab. XX. tigg. 14, 14a-d, 2.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace with a central white band reaching from behind the central anterior eyes nearly to the posterior

margin, and a very broad marginal white band, including also the clypeus. Abdomen with an anterior

dorsal triangular rust-red patch, the rest of the dorsal area black-brown, spotted and banded with white ;

a short longitudinal central anterior white spot, with a much longer oblique marginal white band on

each side of the rust-red area; a central triangular horse-shoe white spot at the commencement of the

black area, connected by a fine white line with a large white spot on each side; a pair of white commas

follow the central spot, and then a pair of larger and a pair of smaller white spots, the latter just above

the spinners; on each side of the apical third hes a long white marginal band; sides dusky black ;

ventral area dusky-spotted, with a paler central band, itself also slightly spotted. Legs yellow, i. and iv.

more or less distinctly annulated and spotted with black (the contrast is very marked in one example, in

another scarcely noticeable); tibia i. is especially dark on each side. Sternum yellow, margined with

black.

Hab. Guatemara (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

32. Cyrene flavescens. (Tab. XX. figg. 15, 15a, ¢.)

Pachomius flavescens, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 82, t. 6. figg. 11, lla

(2) (April 1896) *.

Type, Q, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6:4 millim.

Hab. Panama ?.

33. Cyrene dybowskii. (Tab. XX. figg. 16, ¢ ; 17,174, 2.)

Attus dybowskii, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. viii. p. 96 (1871) *.

Pachomius dybowski (Tacz.), Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 81, t. 6. figg. 7,

7a-c(?),74(¢o) (April 1896) *.

Type do, gynetype 2, in coll. Taczanowski. Total length of Peckham’s examples, ¢ 6, 2 8°5 millim.

240 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); GuaremaLa®.—SoutH AMERICA,

Colombia ?, Cayenne !.

34, Cyrene niveoguttata, sp.n. (Tab. XX. figg. 18, 184, 6, 3 ; 19, 194, 2 .)

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 5 6, 2 7 millim.

Colour the same in both sexes. Carapace dark mahogany, with a central thoracic white band, and a white

transverse spot between the dorsal and lateral spots, and a white marginal line. Abdomen with a black

anterior submarginal band, followed by a narrow white band extending also along the sides, with a

median transverse narrow white band, each end dilate, and three small snow-white spots towards the

apex, in a transverse row, one central, the others lateral ; the anterior dorsal area is clothed with golden

hairs and the central transverse band is preceded by a deep black transverse band ; sides with a

longitudinal wedge-shaped white band, low down about the middle towards the ventral area. Legs

red-brown, or dull yellow more or less suffused with brown; cox orange, of i. and ii. spotted with

black. The abdomen has also behind the transverse white band a pair of indistinct transverse curved

pale bands, and the ventral area is black. Bulb of palpus bilobate at the base ; apical spur short,

stout, almost straight; tibia very short, as long as the patella, with a short, stout, curved spur.

For the vulva, see Plate.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

35. Cyrene geminata, sp.n. (Tab. XX. fig. 20, @.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7-5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The abdomen of this spider, in the single example received, is rather shrunken, and

the markings and colour are difficult to make out; but the form of the vulva is

characteristic and not obscure, so that there will be little difficulty in identifying the

species.

THOTMES, gen. nov.

Type T. paykulli (Audouin, Savigny). Egypt.

The species selected as the type of this genus resembles Cyrene of Peckham very

much in general appearance and structure; but the carapace is longer and more

parallel-sided, the cephalic quadrangle is broader in proportion, and the sternum is

more parallel-sided, not dilate behind. The palpus of the male is, however, totally

different in form, though it is short and broad, very much as in Habronattus. For the

same reason, it differs from Hasarius (type H. adansont).

1. Thotmes paykulli. (Tab. XX. figg. 21, 21 a-e, 3.)

Attus paykulli, Aud. in Savigny’s Descr. Egypte, éd. 2, xxii. p. 172 (1825-27)*.

Hasarius paykulli, Simon, Arach. Fr. iii. p. 81 (1876) *.

Menemerus paykullii, Peckh. Trans. Wisc, Acad. Sci. vii. p. 84, t. 1. fig. 63 (2), t. 6. figg. 68,

63a (gd 2) (Sept. 1888) °.

Salticus vaillanti, Lucas, Expl. de l’Algérie, Zool. i. p. 186 (1849) *.

Total length, g 10, 9 12 millim.

THOTMES.—HABRONATTUS. 241

Hab. Guatems.a® (Sarg).—Evrope, Mediterranean region!24; Maay ARCHI-

PELAGO; AUSTRALIA.

A cosmopolitan species. One cannot believe that it is congeneric with MW. semi-

limbatus, the type of Menemerus, Simon.

2. Thotmes fanne. (Tab. XX. figy. 22, 22a, ¢.)

Menemerus fanne, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 1, p. 74, t. 6. figg. 6, 6 a-c (¢)

(April 1896) *.

Type, 3, in coll. Peckham, Total length 6°8 millim.

Hab. GuateMALa !.—Souta America, Colombia!.

Judging from Emerton’s figure of the palpus 1, this species appears to me to belong

to Heraclea, Peckh., which I cannot at present separate structurally from Cyrene.

If, however, Peckham is correct in supposing it to be congeneric with Attus paykulli,

Aud., then M. fanne will fall under Thotmes.

3. Thotmes bicolor.

Menemerus bicolor, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 175 (April 1896) ’.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5-8 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Eastern district }.

No figures are given of this species, nor any mention made of the structure of the

palpus, nor as to the specimen being adult or otherwise. Whether it belongs to

the genus Hasarius, which has H. adansoni for the type, I cannot say, for Peckham

holds that this type-species appertains to the same group as Phidippus, a classification

I cannot understand, since he supposes it to be congeneric with Attus paykullt. For

the present, J. bicolor can be left under Thotmes.

HABRONATTUS, gen. nov.

Type Habronattus meaicanus (Peckham). Mexico.

g. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes much broader than long, slightly wider behind ; small eyes nearer the

posterior laterals. Anterior row straight by the posterior margin ; laterals one-half the diameter of

the centrals. Mandibles normal, not developed, with one tooth on the lower margin, three on the upper,

very close together. Patella iii, usually produced into one or more differently shaped spurs. Legs

3, 4, 1, 2 in both sexes, Tibia i, with 2—2—2 spines beneath, the inner spines of the basal two pairs

peing in the type-species (H. mewicanus) long and clavate. Protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath, no

laterals. Legs iii. and iv. very spinose ; protarsi with three rings of spines, a basal, median, and apical

group ; tibie iii. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine.

°. General characters similar to those of the male. Vulva with always a smaller or larger central transverse

chitinous rim, marking the upper margin of a central orifice.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1901. 21

ARANEIDEA.

Males.

A. Tibia i. with the two inner spines towards the base elongated and clavate.

Femur iii. much incrassate at the apex; patella iti, prolonged and

attenuate at the apex above. [Palpal bulb with two spines starting

close together from its posterior margin, and encircling the inner

margin of the bulb, terminating at its apex (the two spines appearing

as one); tibial spur long, stout, sinuous, and bluntly pointed and

ineurved at the apex. Femur i. not white on the inner side and with a

thick fringe of clavate hairs on the outer side.] .

B. Tibia i. without elongate clavate inner spines. Femur iii. not incrassate

at the apex; patella iii. not produced at the apex.

a. Palpal bulb with two spines starting from points widely separate—the

inner one geniculate, starting from near the centre, with a short

basal straight piece, and a rather short curving spine set at right

angles to it; the outer one starting from near the anterior part of

the external margin, not geniculate, but very long, and encircling the

whole bulb, its filiform apex lying in a very fine groove on the end

of the tarsal sheath. Tibial spur of the palpus long, broad, obliquely

truncate at the apex. Femuri. with no fringe of clavate hairs on

the outside, but a thin fringe of long white hairs above, and like

femur ii. entirely clothed on the inner side with cobalt-white scales

6. Palpal bulb with two stout spines—the inner one the stoutest, not

c. Palpal bulb with two spines—the inner one stout, the outer slender ; the

geniculate, springing from the outer posterior part of the margin,

curving round, and the outer one terminating in a long filiform

point, which lies in a groove beneath the apex of the tarsal sheath.

Tibial spur of the palpus long, stout, slightly sinuous, bluntly

pointed at the apex, not squarely truncate. Femur i. without a

fringe either of clavate or white hairs .

former not geniculate, springing from the inner side of the bulb,

curving round ; the inner spine terminating just beyond the apex of

the bulb, the outer spine filiform and lying in a groove beneath the

apex of the tarsal sheath. Tibial spur of the palpus very broad.

Femur, patella, and tibia i. fringed with hairs

Females.

A. Posterior lobes of vulva converging behind.

1. Abdomen with an indistinct pale marginal band, sometimes broken into

two more or less distinct oblique pale lines on each side; and a

central posterior “.-shaped pale spot (or a series of 2 or 8 disconnected

chevrons), followed by an elongate pale dash on each side; sometimes

all these coalesce to form a single elongate pale blotch. Vulva

consisting of a short transverse rim, with an elongate semicircular

mexicanus, Peckh.

viridipes, Hentz.

perfidus, sp. 0.

paratus, Peckh.

HABRONATTUS. 243

chitinous ridge on each side, not meeting on the anterior margin ;

the posterior lobes on each side converging at the hind margin,

where a pair of orifices are sometimes evident. Epigynal area much

larger in proportion than in H. viridipes . . . »« mexicanus, Peckh.

. Abdomen with three or four pale chevrons only on the central dorsal

apical half. For the vulva, see Plate . . . . . . . « « | « = Jlatens, Peckh.

3. Abdomen with an anterior marginal pale band broken in the centre, an

oblique pale band on each’ side about the middle, a central apical

elongate diamond-shaped white spot, and a pair of white spots on

each side close to the apex. For the vulva, see Plate. . . . . . zebraneus, sp. n.

B. Posterior lobes of vulva widely separate behind. (Abdomen variable in

pattern, which consists either of a continuous lateral irregular pale

band, or of four oblique spots, with an indistinct central anterior

dorsal pale band, followed by a very distinct central pale spot, this

followed to the spinners by two or three very slender ~-shaped bars,

but without the elongate pale dash on each side above the spinners.

Vulva with the usual short transverse rim, and a transverse oval, con-

tinuous, encircling chitinous rim anteriorly; the posterior lobes on

each side being widely separate at the hind margin. Epigynal area

much smaller in proportion.). . 2. . 1. 6 6 ee ee ee (viridipes, Hentz.

Nors.—I cannot include H. belligerus (Peckh.) in this Table, because it seems to me that the full figure

given by Peckham represents H. meaicanus. The figure given as the female of H. mexicanus somewhat

resembles that described here as H. zebrancus. HH. cecatus and H. aztecanus are unknown to me.

1. Habronattus mexicanus, (Tab. XXI. fige. 1, la-h, 2, ¢; 3, 3a, b, 2.)

Habrocestum mexicanum, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. i. 1, p. 61, t. 5. figg. 7,

7b,c,d(), 7e (nec 7a) (2) (April 1896) *.

Type od, gynetype Q, in coll, Peckham. Total length, ¢ 5, Q 6 millim.

3g. Carapace black, with a narrow band of rosy-white scales encircling the clypeus and lateral margins.

Cephalic area thickly clothed with fawn-coloured scales (possibly, in examples not rubbed, continued

further over the central thoracic stria); a pair of rosy-fawn-coloured bands run from the posterior

lateral eyes to the posterior margin, these being slightly coalescent in the centre. The legs are orange,

speckled with brown ; femur i. black, clothed with a thick fringe of more or less speckled clavate hairs ;

patella and tibia, and the base of protarsus i., with a black band on the inner side ; patella iv. with a pure

white spot of scales at the base in front, much less distinct in some examples. Abdomen black, with a

broken, or unbroken, narrow pale encircling marginal line, and a central dorsal anterior band of pale

scales, often obliterated, followed by three small white ~.- shaped bars or chevrons, sometimes coalescent,

aud on each side at the apex, just before the spinners, a single elongate white dash-like spot.

Q. The characteristic markings are given in the Table of species.

Hab. Mexico, Reynosa and Refugio (Townsend 1), Petapa, Amula, Omilteme,

Chilpancingo, Teapa (1. H. Smith); Guatemaa (Sarg).

Numerous males and some females of this species were taken by Mr. Sarg in

Guatemala, others of both sexes by Mr. H. H. Smith in Mexico. There is no

reasonable doubt that the males received by us are identical with Peckham’s

21f 2

244 ARANEIDEA.

specimens, admirably figured by Mr. Emerton}. ‘The clavate hairs on tibia i., evident

in fig. 76, are quite characteristic, though Peckham does not mention them in his

description. As to the females in our collection, they almost certainly belong to

H. mexicanus, for it is very unlikely that with so many males taken there should

be no corresponding females; and yet these closely resemble the figure given by

Emerton of H. belligerus. His figure of the female of H. mexicanus does not agree

with the specimens of that sex which I myself regard as belonging to H. mexicanus.

2. Habronattus viridipes. (‘I'ab. XXI. figg. 4, 4a, b, g; 5, 5a, 6, 2.)

Attus viridipes, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 362, t. 22. fig. 5 (?) (1845) °; Burgess,

Spid. U.S.A. p. 66, t. 9. fig. 5 (2) (1875).

Habrocestum viridipes, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 60, t. 1. fig. 43, t. 4. fig. 48a (¢),

t. 4. fig. 43 (¢) (1888) *.

Total length, ¢ 4°8, 2 5:8 millim.

3. Carapace with a transverse band of white scales behind the anterior eyes, followed by a broad patch of

fawn-coloured hairs covering the whole cephalic area; a bar of white scales runs from behind the

posterior eyes to the hinder margin, meeting a postero-lateral marginal band of the same. Clypeus fringed

and clothed with pink and green iridescent hairs aud scales. Tarsus of palpus brown; apex of femur

and patella clothed with pure white scales, the latter segment tipped with umber-red scales. Femora i.

and ii. black, clothed on the anterior (or inner) side with cobalt-white scales and fringed above with hairs

of the same colour; the rest of the legs black, clothed dorsally with rust-red and brown scales.

Legs ii, and iv. black, clothed with brown, red, and white scales, especially with white scales on the

femora, whose apices are conspicuously marked with a pale spot. Abdomen black, clothed with rust-

brown hairs, with an anterior and central dorsal band of ochre-white scales and some lateral marginal

spots of the same colour; the central band resolves itself behind into two or three ~-shaped marks.

Underside black, clothed with rosy-ochre-white scales.

The characters of the female and the other important points of structure of the male are given in the Table.

The clypeus is clothed with white hairs.

Hab. Nortu America, ‘Texas, Carolina !.—Mexico, Chilpancingo, Cuernavaca, ‘eapa

(H. H, Smith); Guaremaa (Sarg).

Judging by the, apparently, excellent figure of the male palpus given by Peckham 3

(t. 4. fig. 43), and of the female abdomen (t. 1. fig. 43), one would not hesitate to refer

our examples to the species identified by him as Attus viridipes, Hentz. On the latter

point, the question must for the present be left to Peckham’s judgment; but it isa pity

that he has given no description of the coloration of the male, which might confirm

one’s conclusions, based on the figure of the palpus.

3. Habronattus belligerus. (Tab. XXI. figg. 6,64, 2.)

Habrocestum belligerum, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 60, t. 5. fig. 5a

(? nec fig. 5) (2) (April 1896) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6-5 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA |,

HABRONATTUS. 245

I strongly suspect that H. belligerus is the female of H. mexicanus, for I have before

me males and females from Guatemala with exactly the coloration described by

Peckham ; I doubt, however, if his fig. 5a represents the vulva of fig. 5, but rather

that of 7a (H. mexicanus), 7 e being more likely to be the vulva of 5.

4. Habronattus latens. (Tab. XXI. fig. 7, 2.)

Habrocestum latens, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. i. 1, p. 60, t. 5. figg. 6, 6a (2)

(April 1896)’.

Type, 2,in coll, Peckham. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. British Honporas}.

According to Peckham this species is closely allied to H. belligerus, which I believe

to be the female of H. mexicanus.

5. Habronattus paratus. (Tab. XXI. figg. 8, 8a, 6.)

Habrocestum paratum, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. in. 1, p. 68, t. 5. figg. 8, 8a, 6

(3) (April 1896) '.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham, Total length 5 millim.

Hab. GuateMALa, Eastern district !.

According to Peckham, the femur, patella, and tibia of the first pair of legs are

enlarged. In the figure of the palpus the spines are two in number, starting from

the centre of the inner margin of the bulb, the inner spine being short and stout, the

outer one long and filiform ; the tibial spur is represented as being very broad and,

apparently, squarely truncate at its apex.

6. Habronattus zebraneus, sp.n. (Tab. XXI. figg. 9, 9a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace brown, mottled with white and red-brown hairs. Coxe and trochanters, and the bases of the posterior

femora and tarsi, yellow ; the rest of the legs mottled brown. Abdomen mottled brown, with a sub-

marginal anterior pale band, broken in the centre, a lateral oblique pale bar on each side about the

middle, with a pair of indistinct pale spots between them in the centre of the dorsal area; a median

elongate diamond-shaped pale bar towards the apex, a small lateral spot on each side of it, and a very

small pure white spot on each side just above and close to the spinners ; ventral area laterally mottled

brown, in the centre pale, with three longitudinal brown bars.

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada in Guerrero (H. HH. Smith).

7. Habronattus perfidus, sp.n. (Tab. XXI. figg. 10, 104, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

Carapace clothed with brown and white hairs, with a broad, brown, submarginal and a central posterior,

longitudinal, brown band; cephalic area brown, but thickly clothed with white hairs. Legs yellow,

mottled with brown, and clothed with white scales and brown hairs. Abdomen: dorsal area black or

dark brown with minute pale spots, with a broad white marginal band entirely encircling it, and a

246 ARANEIDEA.

central short anterior wedge-shaped pale band, its apex extending just beyond the middle; lower lateral

area brown; ventral area pale, with three longitudinal brown bars. Clypeus clothed with white hairs.

Leg i. without the tibial clavate spines noticeable in H. mexicanus. Palpus similar in general character to

that of others of the genus; the bulb is bilobate, and two stout spines (the inner one being the stoutest)

spring from the outer lower part, curving round, the outer one terminating in a filiform point, which

lies in the usual groove beneath the apex of the tarsal sheath ; the tibial spur is stout, slightly sinuous,

bluntly pointed at the apex.

Hab. Gtatemata (Sarg).

A single male only of this very small species was sent by Mr. Sarg.

8. Habronattus ceecatus.

Attus cecatus, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 361, t. 32. fig. 2 (2) (1845)’; Burgess,

Spiders U.S. p. 65, t. 9. fig. 2 (¢) (1875) °.

Habrocestum cecatum, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 286°; Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad.

Sci. vil. p. 60, t. 1. fig. 42, t. 4. figg. 42 a (2), 42, 42 6 (g) (1888) *.

Hab. NortH America, New York+*, Pennsylvania+, Alabama ! 2.—Mexico, Tepic®.

Recorded very doubtfully from Mexico by Mr. Banks.

9. Habronattus aztecanus.

Habrocestum aztecanum, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 287, t. 17. fig.9 (¢)*.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic!.

The figures of the palpal bulb and of the dorsal spur are not snfficiently detailed to

enable one to compare the characters of //. aztecanus with those of the species in our

collection. The two large black spots on the shoulders of the abdomen, and the

apical half being black with a central triangular white spot, should, however, prove a

good clue towards its identity.

COLONUS, gen. nov.

Type C. puerperus (Hentz). North, Central, and South America.

3g. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved by the posterior margin ; cephalic quadrangle broader than long,

small eyes much nearer the anterior laterals. Clypeus about half the height of the anterior central eyes.

Tibia i. with 2—2 spines beneath in the apical half, and two pairs of fine sensory hairs towards the base ;

tibia ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneat': and some laterals. Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath,

iv. armed with three distinct groups of spines. Tibise ili. and iv. with a small dorsal basal spine. Sternum

about twice longer than broad, rather dilate behind. Mandibles flattened above, transversely rugulose,

with four small teeth on the upper and three small teeth on the lower margin. Posterior spinners the

longest; centrals nearly as long, but much more slender ; inferiors as long as the medians, but stouter.

1. Colonus puerperus. (Tab. XXI. figg. 1], lla-d, ¢; 12, 12a, ¢.)

Attus puerperus, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 860, t.21. fig. 22 (2) (1845) '; Burgess,

Spiders U.S. p. 64, t. 8. fig. 22, t. 18. fig. 28 (1875) *.

COLONUS. 247

Plexippus puerperus, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 68°; Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii.

p. 33, t. 1. fig. 23, t. 2. figg. 28, 23a (¢), t. 3. fig. 285 (2) (1888) *; Occas. Papers Nat.

Hist. Soc, Wise. iii. 1, p. 15 (2) (1896) °.

Altus sylvanus, Hentz, loc. cit. p. 364, t. 22. fig. 10(3)°.

Attus branickii, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. viii. p. 94 (1874) ’.

Aitus agrestris, Peckh. New and little-known Attide U.S.A. p. 12 (1883) °.

Total length, ¢ 11, 9 18 millim.

Hab. Norra America, Georgia, Florida, Texas, California 4>.—Mexico®, Chilpan-

cingo, Atoyac, Teapa (/. H. Smith); Guaremata* (Sarg), Guatemala city (Sto//) ;

Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Soutn America, Colombia ®, Brazil.

This species is very widely distributed, extending through the Southern States of

North America, California, Central America, and Brazil. Whether it is, as Peckham

supposes, identical with Alemena pallida, C. L. Koch, I cannot say; and rather than

restore the genus Alemena, with a type-species which may never be identified, a new

generic name is given to include Attus puerperus, Hentz, and an allied form.

2. Colonus crucifer, sp.n. (Tab. XXI. fig. 13, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace dilated behind the posterior eyes, orange-yellow, suffused with brown, the cephalic area divided into

four square black spots by a yellow cross, with a tuft of white hairs between and behind the anterior

central eyes and one on the inner side of the anterior laterals. Abdomen white, mottled with brown, with

five or six dark central dorsal chevrons in the apieal two-thirds ; ventral area speckled with black. Legs

unicolorous yellow.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

A very much smaller species than C. puerperus, but with the characteristic pairs of

setigerous spines beneath tibia i.

Group MARPISSE *.

The genera into which the spiders belonging to this group fall may be distinguished

as follows :— .

A. Carapace broadest in the middle, narrowed both in front and behind.

aa. Tibia i. with 2—2—2—2 spines beneath, or 1—1—1—1 on the

inside at least.

a’, Tibia i. with ]—1—1—1 spines on both sides, and 1—1

laterals on the inner side in addition . . . . . . . . Eprnea, Peckh.

a’, Tibia i. with 1—1—1—1 spines on both sides, or on the inner

side only, but no laterals . . . . . . . . . « « « Marpissa, C. L. Koch.

bb. Tibia i. with 2—2—2 spines on each side beneath, or spines

more or less obsolete.

* The term “ Marpissex ” is substituted for ‘ Marptusese,” used by mo for this group, anted, p. 178, the

generic name Marpissa antedating Marptusa by more than thirty years.

248 ARANEIDEA.

1. Tibia i. with 2—2—2 spines on each side beneath . . . . PHANIAS, gen. Nov.

2. Tibia i. with one or two short spines, or none at all beneath . Murtacyrsa, gen. nov.

B. Carapace distinctly narrowed towards the anterior margin, being

broadest behind. . . . . . . . ee ee + ee +) 6+)6PARAMARPISSA, Ben. NOV.

Norz.—This division is, of course, purely tentative; but the characters will be some guide as to the spiders

which are referred to under the group Marpissex.

EPINGA.

Epinga, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 2, p. 94 (Nov. 1894).

Type E. chapoda, Peckham. Brazil.

Small eyes nearer the anterior laterals. Tibia i. with 2—2--2--2 spines beneath and 1—1 laterals on the

inner side. Protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath ; protarsi iii, and iv. with two spines at the apex and

one only on the outer side towards the base. Tarsi of legs i. and ii. fusiform. Femora i. and ii. with

the usual group of three spines at their apex in front. Sternum twice longer than broad, very narrow

between the anterior coxa, which are almost in contact. Coxa i. shorter than iv. Mandibles with one

tooth above, two below. Posterior spinners more slender than the anteriors and distinctly longer;

centrals slightly shorter than the anteriors.

1, Epinga ornata. (Tab. XXI. figg. 14, 14,3; 15, 15a,b, 2; 16, var., 2.)

Bavia ornata, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 80, t. 2. figg. 116(¢), 11, lla(¢)’.

Epinga ornata, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. il. 2, p. 95 (Nov. 1894) °5 op. cit. ili.

1, p. 9 (April 1896) *.

Type od, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 8, 9 11 millim.

Hab. Cuntran AMERICA!; GuaTEMALA?? (Sarg), Panzos (Champion).

Females only of this large and beautiful species occur in our collection.

MARPISSA.

Marpissa, C. Li. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 57 (1846).

Marptusa, Thorell, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, x. p. 561 (1877).

Type J. muscosa (Clerck). Europe.

Q. Tibia i. with 2—2— 2 spines, the first pair sub-basal, and one lateral on each side (in some species on

the inner side only); protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath. Femora with two long spines above

and three shorter ones near the apex, but not closely grouped. Patelle without spines. Tibia iii. without

any spines above, two at the apex beneath, and 1—1 laterals; tibia iv. with 1—1 beneath ; protarsi iii.

and iv. with 1—1 beneath and four at the apex. Coxa i. slightly shorter than coxa iv. Sternum

twice longer than broad, dilated bebind and very narrow between coxe i. Small eyes midway between

the laterals. Ocular quadrangle broader than long, as wide in front as behind. Carapace with a

depression behind the cephalic area, where the central stria is situated, elongate, more or less compressed.

Abdomen very elongate, more or less parallel-sided, and compressed.

The species here referred to this genus differ somewhat from the typical form

(IZ. muscosa), chiefly in having more slender anterior legs and only three (instead of

four) spines on the outer side of tibia i. It is quite possible that I. melanognatha

will eventually be referred to another genus. I take WM. muscosa as the type, because

MARPISSA. 249

‘it was selected by Thorell in 1870 for Marpissa, C. L. Koch. ‘The structural characters

are shown on our Plate [Tab. XXI. figg. 17, 17 a—c, 2 ].

_ The Central-American species known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

I. Abdomen grey-white, with a narrow longitudinal dorsal central brown

band, resolving into three or four brown chevrons above the spinners.

(Bulb simple, without any prominent tooth or spur in the centre.

Apical spine stout, straight, slightly curved at the apex. Tibial

spur of palpus very slight, scarcely noticeable.) . . . . melanognatha, Lucas.

II. Abdomen black, with a broad more or less dentated or scalloped

longitudinal dorsal central white or pale band.

A. Apical spine of palpal bulb bifurcate . . . . . . . . . . . familiaris, Hentz.

B. Apical spine of palpal bulb simple.

a. Tibial spur of palpus very conspicuous, stout, curved, pointed at

the apex, with a stout conical spur near its base beneath the

segment. Bulb enlarged, with a stout anterior central spur, best

seen in profile. Apical spine much larger, stout at the base,

strongly curved, aculeate at the apex. . . . » . . . magna, Peckh.

6. Tibial spur of palpus long, slender, slightly curving - downwards.

Bulb not so greatly enlarged, without a central spur, but with a

slight inner basal cusp. Apical spine much smaller, stout, and

curved . . 1 we ee ee ee ee ee ee INET, SP. DL

Females.

I. Abdomen grey-white, with a narrow longitudinal central brown band,

resolving into three or four brown chevrons above the spinners.

(Vulva consisting of a large triangular-oval area having two elongate

cavities on each side of a central carina, narrow in front, broadly

dilate behind, where on each side is situated a dark orifice.) . . melanognatha.

II. Abdomen black, with a broad more or less dentated or scalloped

longitudinal dorsal central white or pale band.

-°], Vulva consisting of a large triangular-oval area, having near its

anterior margin a transverse oval concavity, whose posterior inner

margin is deeply indented in the middle; and a pair of circular

adjacent dark spots near the posterior margin of the vulval area,

which is itself scalloped in the middle . . . . . . . . « . «magna.

2. Vulva without anterior transverse oval concavity.

' q. For vulvasee Plate . . 1. 1 ee ee ee ee ee we familiaris.

b. For vulvasee Plate... 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee melanura, sp. n.

Nors.—I do not know M. familiaris, and cannot therefore describe the vulva in comparative diagnosis with

that of M. melanura. The species are, however, obviously quite distinct and will not be confused, with

-Peckham’s figure of the vulva of the former as a guide.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IL, September 1901. 2 xt

250 ARANEIDEA.

1. Marpissa melanognatha. (Tab. XXI. figg. 18, 18a-e, ¢; 19, 19a-<, 2.)

Salticus melanognathus, Lucas, Hist. Nat. Canaries, Arachn. p. 29, t. 7. fig. 4 (?)°.

Menemerus melanognathus (Lucas), Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 82, t. 1. figg. 62 (3S),

62a (2), t. 6. figg. 62 (go), 62a (2) (1888) *.

Marptusa melanognatha, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 285°.

Hab. Nortu America.—Mexico, Sonoran region, Hermosillo, and Minatitlan 3 ( fide

Banks), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata? (Sarg); Costa Rica (fogers); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion).—SovutH AMERICA.

If this species be really identical with Salticus nigrolimbatus, O. P.-Cambr., and the

others quoted by Peckham, then it is (as he remarks) truly cosmopolitan, for he quotes

M. melanognatha as occurring also in Europe, Africa, the Canary Is., and the Malay

Archipelago.

2. Marpissa familiaris. (Tab. XXII. figg. 1, ¢; 2, 24a, 2.)

Attus familiaris, Hentz, Spid. U. S., ed. by Burgess, p. 56, t. 8. fig. 7 (2), and t. 18. figg. 74,

99( 2)". .

Marptusa familiaris, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 80, t. 1. fig. 60 (9), t. 5. fig. 60 (3)

(1888) *; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 284°.

Hab. Nortu America ! 2,—Mexico, Minatitlan 3.

Our figures of this species are taken from Peckham’s work.

3. Marpissa magna, (Tab. XXII. figg. 3, 3a-c, g; 4, 4a, 2.)

Marptusa magna, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1. 2, p. 87, t. 8. figg. 3, 3a (?)

(Nov. 1894) *.

Type, , in coll. Peckham: total length 12 millim. Deuterotype, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin: total

length 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).—Amazons, Santarem !.

The male, which is here described and figured for the first time, resembles the

female.in coloration. An immature specimen of the former has a jet-black band down

the ventral area, but it is almost obliterated in the adult male and female, perhaps

owing to the action of the alcohol.

4, Marpissa minor, sp.n. (Tab. XXII. figg. 5,5a,3; 6, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7, 2 10 millim.

Colour very similar in the two sexes. Carapace black or red-brown, with a fine white marginal line, and a

broad central band of white hairs extending from the anterior eyes to the posterior margin, where it

becomes gradually narrower. Abdomen with a broad lateral dorsal brown band extending from the

anterior margin to the spinners, leaving a broad central pale band, more or less scalloped or indentate, on

the sides of the apical half, the indentations being of a deeper black, as also are the outer margins of the

lateral brown bands ; lower lateral and ventral areas white.

Legs yellow, i. and ii. darker and more or less blotched with brown; iii. and iv. with a dusky spot at the apex

MARPISSA.—-PHANIAS. 251

of the protarsi. Basal half of the femur of the palpus of female brown, the rest yellow. (Vulva not fully

developed.)

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Very similar to Af. melanura, but without the pale lateral abdominal bar and not

suffused below with black. The central cephalic pale blotch also begins behind the

anterior eyes.

5. Marpissa melanura, sp.n. (Tab. XXII. fige. 7, 7 a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace almost black, with white scattered hairs, a white marginal band and a central white blotch behind

the central stria abruptly attenuate and extending to the posterior margin. Abdomen white, with a pair

of irregular black bands on each side of the dorsal area, leaving a broad central white band and a narrow

lateral pale band, which is bounded on the sides below by another dark lateral band, the pale one being

broken by dark spots and blotches; lower lateral area pale ; ventral area black. Legs and palpi yellow,

legs i, and ii. and the palpi spotted and blotched with brown; femur i. brown on both sides.

Vulva varying individually; consisting of a large rounded triangular area, narrower behind, slightly notched

in the centre of the posterior margin, with a central longitudinal depression broader in front, attenuate

behind, having a pair of widely separate crescentie marks, one and half times the length of one of them

apart, anteriorly on each side of the central depression.

Hab. GuatEMALA, Guatemala city (Stol/).

PHANIAS.

Type Phanias flavostriatus, sp.n. Mexico.

The type-species of this genus differs from that of Marpissa in possessing only

three pairs of spines beneath tibia i. and from the Central-American members of the

same genus by the same character, save that in the latter there are four spines on the

inner side only. From Mefacyrba it may be known by the latter having usually only

one or two spines beneath tibia i., and from Paramarpissa by the almost parallel-sided

carapace. ‘The sternum, moreover, is not dilated behind as in the true Marpissa.

1. Phanias flavostriatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXII. figg. 8, 8a, 4, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with white hairs; cephalic area with white (yellow in alcohol) cretaceous cells

below the epidermis. Clypeus clothed with white hairs ; a group of stiff curved bristles is situated below

the small eyes on each side. Abdomen red-brown above, speckled and streaked with yellow; with five

transverse, variously formed, yellow bars, the first on the anterior margin forming two small central spots,

the second being divided in the middle, the third united in the centre to form a square spot, the fourth

united and forming a short longitudinal bar, the fifth lying just above the spinners; lateral and ventral

areas dusky white, thinly speckled with brown, the ventral area with a broad central brown longitudinal

band extending from the genital rima to the spinners. Leg i. red-brown, the cox and tarsi paler yellow,

clothed with short white hairs. Legs ii, iii., iv. clear yellow, with a single brown spot on each side of

the femora at the apex.

Patella without spines; tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath (no lateral spine); iii. and iv. with a

single spine beneath, and with two apical spines. Protarsi i, and ii. with 2—2 spines beneath ; ili. and iv.

2Ep 2

252 ARANEIDEA.

usually with a single spine beneath, and iii. with four, iv. with three, apical spines beneath. Sternum

elongate-oval, narrowed between the anterior cox, but not dilated behind.

Vulva with a deep, short, semicircular notch in the centre of the posterior margin, with two chitinous grooves

situated about their own length from the posterior margin, a little over their own length apart, slightly

convergent posteriorly, both being embraced in a broad, transverse oval, brown area.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This species differs from the typical Marpissa muscosa in the absence of the lateral

inner spine on tibia i. and the non-dilated sternum.

METACYRBA, gen. nov.

Type Metacyrba teniola (Hentz). North America.

©. Leg i. much incrassate ; femur i. much compressed, without spines, or with only a very minute one besides

the two long dorsal spines; tibia i. without any spines, or at most with three on the outer side only;

protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath; tibie iii. and iv. with 1 or 1—1 spines beneath; patelle of all

four pairs without spines. Sternum much attenuate in front between the anterior coxe, dilate behind.

Cephalic quadrangle much broader than long; carapace rugulose, without any decided central depression

behind the posterior eyes.

1. Metacyrba teniola. (Tab. XXII. figg. 9, ¢; 10, 10a, 5, 2.)

Atius teniola, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 353 (1845)’; Spid. U.S. ed. by Burgess,

p- 56, t. 8. fig. 5”.

Cyrba teniola, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 75, t. 5. figg. 56,565 (4), t. 6. fig. 56a(?)*.

Total length, g 4 millim. (sec. Peckham), ? 9 millim. (Mexican examples).

This fine species may be recognized at once by its black carapace and abdomen, the latter with a pair of thin

white dorsal longitudinal lines, sometimes more or less interrupted, enclosing a paler brown band, extending

from the anterior margin tothe spinners. Legs i. and ii. mahogany-black ; protarsus and tarsus i. orange ;

tibia, protarsus, and tarsus ii. dull orange; patella, tibia, and tarsi iii. and iv. orange, the vent black-

brown. Sternum, coxe of legs, and ventral area dark mahogany-black. The vulva presents a conspicuous

wedge-shaped groove, its apex directed backward, with a central convex wedge-shaped piece.

Hab. Nortu America! ? 3.—Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

I cannot find that this species is congeneric with Simon’s type of Cyrba, and therefore

a new genus is required for it. One may not, however, have correctly identified

Peckham’s C. teniola (Hentz).

PARAMARPISSA, gen. nov.

Type Paramarpissa tibialis, sp.n. Mexico.

Similar in general characters to Marpissa, but with only one or two, or sometimes without any, spines beneath

tibia i. Carapace very distinctly narrower in front, thus differing from that of Marpissa and Metacyrba.

1. Paramarpissa tibialis, sp.n. (Tab. XXII. figg. 11, 11 ad, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace black, with a broad central band of white hairs and a narrow white marginal band. Abdomen with

PARAMARPISSA. 253.

a pale central longitudinal dorsal band, with a lateral submarginal black band extending from the anterior

margin to the spinners. Legs unicolorous red-brown, those of the first pair the darkest.

General structure very similar to that of Marpissa, but the carapace is distinctly narrowed in front. Leg i.

incrassate, and having beneath a single cusp on the inner side. Patella i. with 2—2 short stout cusps

beneath. Coxe i. almost in contact over the sternum.

- Palpus very short and stout, the bulb much enlarged and the tarsus bent downwards towards the inner side

of the femur; tibia and patella short, the patella half as long as its diameter, the tibia a little longer

than the diameter. Tibial spur stout, strongly curved downward at its apex, forming a sharp black spine.

The base of the tarsus on the outer side is produced into a stout blunt curved spur, lying between the

bulb and the tibial spur. The bulb itself is divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe, the former

developed on the inner side into a very stout long spine, widely curved, directed quite across the broad

tarsal sheath, its aculeate apex curving forward.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Group PHIDIPPEZ.

First pair of legs with the three pairs of spines beneath the tibiee situated in the apical half of the segment at

any rate, often in the apical third or even fourth (this is the case in both sexes, but the spines on the

inner side of tibia i. are those which should be taken into consideration, those on the outer side being, as

a tule, slightly wider apart). The females are distinguishable, with very few exceptions, by a deep

rounded or “.-shaped notch in the middle of the posterior margin of the vulval area.

The genera which have been included in this group may be distinguished by the

following characters, though it is doubtful how far some of the distinctions will be

found to be permanent :—

A. Carapace and abdomen more or less flattened.

1. Tibia i. more or less, sometimes very much, enlarged. Tibia and

protarsus iv. without spines.

a. Maxille not dilate at the outer angle, nor truncate at the apex,

but normally and evenly rounded. Tibia i. not fringed with

hair beneath.

a’, Tibia i. very dilate, very little longer than broad, chelate.

Sternum not produced into a conical point behind. Spines

beneath protarsus i. short . . . . . . . . . ... CHELIFEROIDEs, gen. nov.

b'. Tibia i. not nearly so dilate, at least three times longer than

broad, not chelate. Sternum produced into a conical point

behind. Spines beneath protarsusi. very long . . . . Rupra, Peckh.

b. Maxille dilate at the outer angle and squarely truncate at the

apex. Tibia i. densely fringed with hair beneath . . . . Asutasuta, Peckh.

2. Tibia i. not enlarged, five or six times longer than broad, parallel-

sided. (Maxillee dilate at the outer angle and squarely truncate

atthe apex.) . . . . 2. ee ew ee we ee). )~6CANOKA, Peckh.

B. Carapace and abdomen more or less convex.

1. Posterior row of eyes scarcely wider than the anterior row.

(Abdomen without any central dorsal triangular pale spot.)

a. Legs i. and ii. in both sexes without fringes of hair on the

sides or beneath . . . . . . . . . . . . .) . «© «~Merarniprppus, gen. nov.

254 ARANEIDEA.

b. Legs i. and ii. in both sexes with fringes of hair on the sides

or beneath. . . ... ; . os... . . « PARaPHIDIPPUS, gen. Nov.

2. Posterior row of eyes distinctly wider than the anterior.

a. Carapace uniformly rounded on the sides. Abdomen with a

central dorsal triangular pale spot. . . . . . « . Purprepus, C. L. Koch.

b. Carapace dilate laterally, in front of the small a eyes. Abdomen

without the characteristic central pale spot . . . . . . Parnaznus, Peckh.

CHELIFEROIDES, gen. nov.

Type C. segmentatus, sp. n. Guatemala.

Leg i. very incrassate, the tibia being almost as broad as long and, with the protarsus, forming a distinct

chela, functional probably both in copulation and in the pursuit of prey. Cephalic quadrangle not longer

than wide, but broader behind ; the small eyes placed midway, or, if anything, slightly nearer the anterior

laterals. Tibia and protarsus iv. without spines. Body flat, as in Rudra, and the maxille, as in this

latter genus, rounded at the apex.

This spider very much resembles Chirothecia, Tacz., but differs in the length of

the cephalic area (see Peckham’s identification of that genus, which he regards as a

“ Homalattid ”).

1. Cheliferoides segmentatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXII. figg. 12, 12 a-f, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

For colour and structure, see Plate.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

It is very difficult to place this species in its proper systematic position. If, as

Peckham considers, Chirothecia is a ‘“ Homalattid” and Audra a “ Marptusid,”

C. segmentatus falls between the two, and removes any distinction which might

have been supposed to exist between the groups. For the present it is placed in the

Phidippee. One would suspect by its general appearance that this spider mimics

one of the Pseudoscorpions.

RUDRA.

Rudra, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 76 (Dec.).

Type R. geniculata, Peckham. Guatemala.

Tibia and protarsus iv. without spines; femur i. with, at most, one spine at the apex in front. The spines

beneath the protarsi of the first pair of legs long, the basal ones three-fourths as long as the segment.

Coxe i. at least two-thirds of a diameter apart at their base. Sternum twice as long as broad, oval-

elongate, not much dilate behind, but with an abrupt contraction in the middle, forming a conical point.

The cephalic area has a pencil of three or four stiff bristles on each side, below the small eyes.

The males of the two known species belonging to this genus have not yet been found,

but the females may be distinguished as follows :—

RUDRA.—ANOKA. 255

Females.

a. Abdomen marked with black and yellow in very strong contrast, the black

markings consisting of a marginal line, a central bar (the anterior half

dilate and scalloped on the margins, narrowed in the posterior half, with

two lateral branches forming a slender L-shaped bar), and a transverse bar

between this and the spinners. Vulval area circular, indented in the

centre of the posterior margin, with two orifices in the anterior third of

the area, four diameters apart, with two hypodermal ducts, extending to

the posterior third, where they become convoluted. . . . . . . « geniculata, Peckh.

6. Abdomen very like that of R. geniculata (sec. Peckham); but, according to

his figure, the black markings on the abdomen are more scattered. Vulval

area with a large transverse oval cavity anteriorly, the posterior margin

slightly emarginate in the middle, with a small rounded cusp between

the posterior margin of the cavity and the posterior margin of the vulval

area ee ee ee ee wwe... polita, Peckh.

1. Rudra geniculata, (Tab. XXII. figg. 13, 13 ae, 2.)

Rudra geniculata, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 77, t. 2. figg. 9, 9a (2) (Dec.)';

Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 2, p. 121, t. 12. figg. 83-36 (9) (Nov. 1894) ?.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guatemsta! 2, Escuintla (Sarg).

2. Rudra polita. (Tab. XXII. fig. 14, 2.)

Rudra polita, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 2, p. 121, t. 12. figg. 4, 4a (?)

(Nov. 1894)".

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 7 millim.

Hab, Guatemata}.

Our figure of the vulva of this species is taken from Peckham’s work.

ANOKA.

Anoka, Peckham, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 701.

Type Anoka vernalis, Peckham. St. Vincent, Antilles,

The following characters are taken from A. grenada, 3 (Guatemala) :—Tibia and protarsus iv. with spines

beneath, the former with a single small one towards the base on the outer side, and two at the apex; the

latter with a single median spine on the inner side, and three at the apex beneath. The spines beneath

the tibia and protarsus i. very short, scarcely longer than the diameter of the segment, those beneath the

former situated on the anterior half of the segment. Coxe i. rather closely situated at their base, about

half a diameter apart. Sternum, in length, rather over twice its breadth, oval, gradually dilate behind.

Leg i. long, tibia not incrassate.

The two Central-American forms may be recognized as follows :—

256 ARANEIDEA.

Males.

A. Mandibles much longer. Maxille much more dilate towards the apex, with

the outer anterior angle slightly prolonged. Spine at the apex of the

prolonged palpal bulb curving more circularly, not sinuously, across the

tarsus. Abdomen more distinctly spotted . . . . - grenada, Peckh.

B. Mandibles much shorter. Maxille almost parallel-sided, with the outer

anterior angle not prolonged. Spine at the apex of the palpal bulb directed

_.in a straight or sinuous line across the tarsus. Abdomen with a uniform

central reddish dorsal band, with also, however, 3-4 pairs of indistinct spots. jfimbriata, sp. n.

1. Anoka grenada. (Tab. XXII. figg. 15, 15 a+, ¢ .)

Ankoa grenada, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 2, p. 126, t. 12. figg. 8-8¢ (¢)

(Nov. 1894)*; op. cit. ii. 1, p. 6 (April 1896)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).—Co.omsia ! ?.

2. Anoka fimbriata, sp.n. (Tab. XXII. figg. 16, 16 a-d, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, exclusive of mandibles, 4 millim,

Hab. GuaTEMALA (Sarg).

The characters distinguishing this from the last species are given in the Table; but

one cannot be too cautious over those drawn from the mandibles and maxille, while it

is perfectly possible, too, that the curvature of the palpal spine varies also. Both

species have the white fringes on the mandibles. I should not be surprised to find

that these two forms, together with A. moneagqua, Peckh., from Jamaica, and A. parallela,

Peckh., from Trinidad [Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 2 (Nov. 1894) ], were all

referable to the same species. .

ASHTABULA.

Ashtabula, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. ii. 2, p. 189 (Nov. 1894).

Type Ashtabula zonura, Peckham. Colombia. |

. The type-species of Ashtabula I do not know, but if I have correctly placed the

following two forms in it, the genus is very similar to Rudra and Cheliferoides; they

have the maxille, however, distinctly dilate, the outer apical angle being somewhat

produced and squarely. truncate, and the cephalic quadrangle of eyes is also longer in

proportion than in Rudra. The genus is also closely allied to Anoka, but the tibie of

the first pair of legs in the latter are not dilate. ‘The two species which I refer to it

may be distinguished as follows :—

ASHTABULA.

Males.

a. Abdomen pale yellow, clothed with white hairs, having a central longitudinal

dorsal, dark, deeply dentated band. Apical spine of palpal bulb very fine

and short, quite inconspicuous. ‘Tibial spine of palpus geniculate. Basal

segment of mandible much excavate below the base of the fang, with a very

long upper and under tooth, and a third smaller one. The fang itself with

a large tooth or enlargement on the upperside near the basal half. Cephalic

quadrangle occupying half the carapace . . . soe . . . dentata, sp. n.

6. Abdomen black, the dorsal area entirely clothed with green iridescent scales

and margined with a narrow band of white. Apical spine of palpal bulb

stout, conspicuous, and slightly sinuous. Tibial spur of palpus slightly

curved, not geniculate. Basal segment of mandible with a single short

stout tooth on the upper and lower margin of the fang-groove. Cephalic

quadrangle of eyes occupying less than half the carapace . . . . . . migricans, sp. n.

Notr.—The female of A. dentata is unknown to me and that of A. nigricans is not adult; I cannot,

therefore, give figures of the vulva of either.

1. Ashtabula dentata, sp.n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 1, 1 a-e, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

For a description of the specific characters, see the Table.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).

This species, in general appearance, resembles A. zonura, Peckh., but the tibial spur of

the palpus is differently formed, and the mandible also is evidently very dissimilar,

Peckham not mentioning the long teeth on the basal segment, nor the enlargement

above of the fang in the basal half.

2. Ashtabula nigricans, sp.n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 2, 2a-¢, 3; 3, 2.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4°75, 2 juv. 5°5 millim.

Coloration similar in both sexes. Carapace and abdomen black, the former clothed dorsally with a large area

of green and copper iridescent scales, embracing the cephalic area, and extending over halfway to the

posterior margin. Abdomen clothed over the entire dorsal area with iridescent scales, cinctured marginally

with a narrow white band; ventral area black. Legs black-brown; protarsi and tarsi yellow; tibia iil.

and iy. also yellow, with lateral brown bands. Femur of palpus brown; patella, tibia, and tarsus yellow.

gd. Leg i. much incrassate ; tibia two and a half times longer than broad, with three pairs of short stout spines

on each side in the apical third; protarsus i. as long as the tibia, with 2—1 stout spines beneath ; tarsus more

than half as long as the tibia.

9. Leg i. incrassate ; tibia one and a half times longer than broad, with three pairs of short spines in the

apical third. In both sexes the anterior margin of the femur and the underside of the patella and tibia

are thickly fringed with stout hairs. Tibia iv. with one or two spines on each side and two at the apex

beneath ; protarsus iv. with one or two spines at the sides and four at the apex beneath. Maxille dilate

at the apex. Coxe i. almost a diameter apart. Mandibles short and stout, with a single tooth above

and below.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. LI., September 1901. 2 uf,

258 ARANEIDEA.

METAPHIDIPPUS, gen. nov.

Type M. mandibulatus, sp.n., ¢. Costa Rica.

This genus includes those spiders referred by Peckham to Dendryphantes. It is

very difficult to remove them structurally from Paraphidippus, and if they happened to

be of the same size there would be still less inclination to do so. They are all smaller

spiders, with either yellow bodies variegated with spots and slashes, or more or less

clothed with metallic scales, copper, green, or pink. The only tangible difference one

can find is that the first one or two pairs of legs are not clothed with hairs in either

sex. The protarsi of the posterior legs are in most cases entirely devoid of spines,

except at the apex.

Males.

(Legs not fringed with hair beneath, but, as usual, clothed with scattered

hairs throughout.)

I. Mandibles very elongate, more or less attenuate; basal segment often as

long or longer than the carapace; the three mandibular teeth widely

separate, the lower and larger one situated close to, about once or twice its

length from, the base of the fang, the other two, usually more or less

adjacent, situated close to the basal inner angle of the segment, where

they meet the curved point of the elongate, usually more or less sinuous,

fang.

A. Bulb of palpus with a straight or circularly curved spine at the apex,

not situated on the side.

1. Fang of mandible very long, and widely sinuous, having a long spur

near its base on the outer side, whose apex is slightly recurved .

2. Fang of mandible simple, without spur at the base on the outer side.

a’. The apical tooth of the mandible widely separate from the two

smaller basal teeth.

a’. The apical tooth not larger than either of the basal teeth . . nitidus, Peckh.

6°. The apical tooth much larger than either of the basal teeth.

a’. The basal teeth widely separate, three times the length of the

middle one apart, which is much the largest of the two .

6°. The basal teeth adjacent, not more than the length of one of

them apart.

a’. Upper apical angle of basal segment of mandible with a

stout cusp or tooth.

a’. Apical spine of palpal bulb straight, conical, sharp.

Upper apical tooth of mandible sharp . . .

6°, Apical spine of palpal bulb circularly curved, starting

from the outer side, curving downward and upward,

its apex directed outward. Upper apical tooth of

mandible truncate

mandibulatus, sp. n.

tridentatus, sp. n.

octonotatus, sp. n.

pernix, sp. 1.

METAPHIDIPPUS. 2

b*. Upper apical angle of basal segment of mandible without

any distinct cusp or tooth. Apical spine of palpal bulb

short, stout, and slightly curved outward at the apex. . dentiger, sp. n.

6'. The apical tooth of the mandibles much nearer to, not further than

its own length from, the two basal teeth, these being adjacent.

* Tibia and patella of palpus each three times longer than broad ;

bulb not unusually dilate at the base, its apical spine long,

slender, almost straight, directed obliquely forward . . . longipalpus, sp. n.

** Tibia and patella of palpus each not longer than broad; bulb

much inflated, its apical spine short, stout, slightly curving

outward . . . . oe ew ew we el . globosus, sp. n.

B. Bulb of palpus with a large spirally curved spine situated on the inner

side of the apical portion.

(Apical tooth of basal segment of the mandible very far removed

from the basal teeth; the segment itself strongly curved outward

atits base.) . 2... . wwe ee . . . maxzillosus, sp. n.

II. Mandibles shorter, not attenuate; basal segment much shorter than the

carapace. Fang not nearly so long.

AA. The lower mandibular tooth sharp at the apex.

a. Spine of palpal bulb situated at the apex.

aa. Tibia of the first pair of legs with the 2—2—2 spines situated

close together at the apex of the segment.

(Apical spine of palpal bulb short, slender, straight, its apex

curving slightly inward. ‘Tibial spur of palpus Stronely curved

atitsapex.). . . . . , . apicalis, sp. n.

bb. Tibia of the first pair of legs with the 2-29 spines 5 spread o over

the apical half of the segment.

a’. Apex of palpal bulb with a double spine, the inner one slightly

longer than the outer. Tibial spur of palpus very short,

deflected abruptly downward . . . bispinosus, sp. n.

b’. Apex of palpal bulb with a broad lanceolate spine, “the a apex

of which slightly curves outward. Tibial spur of palpus longer

and more slender, directed forward . . . . . lanceolatus, sp. n.

6. Spine of palpal bulb spiraliform, situated on the inner side of the

bulb*. (Upper tooth of mandible the largest, broad conical.) . . devispinus, sp. n.

BB. The lower mandibular tooth slightly dilate and obliquely truncate at

the apex.

A. Spur of tibia of palpus simple, single-pointed, straight or curved

downward.

a. Apical spine of bulb bifurcate.

a’, Apical spine of bulb long, slender, with two equal and similar

* M. letabilis, Peckh., probably belongs to this group.

260 ARANEIDEA.

prongs, forming a little fork. Bulb not inflated, somewhat

flattened in the basal region. ‘Tibial spur of palpus longer,

more slender, sinuous, but straight, not curved ihe down-

ward . . . furcillatus, sp. n.

b'. Apical spine of bulb short, broad, flat, the i inner prong ‘of the

fork the longest, the other often a mere barb-like cusp. Bulb

much inflated in the basal region. Tibial spur of palpus

shorter, stouter, falciform, abruptly curved downward at

the apex . . . oe ew ew ew ee . furcatus, sp. n.

6. Apical spine of bulb siteplen not bifurcate.

* Spots and bands on the carapace primrose-yellow. (Abdomen

with a short anterior dorsal and a broad entire marginal band

of yellow scales. Apical spine of bulb broad basally, abruptly

narrowed, straight, filiform to the apex, the bulb itself some-

what broader.) . 2. 2. 1. 1. 1 ew ee ew we ee flavolineatus, sp. n.

** Spots and bands on the carapace white.

aa. Abdomen with a double row of four white cuneiform

spots down the dorsal area. Apical spine of bulb broad

throughout, lanceolate, the bulb itself narrower, elongate . variegatus, sp. n.

66. Abdomen with iridescent scales, an unbroken white marginal

band and three pairs of white spots in the basal half, two

oblique spots on each side of the apex. Apical spine of bulb

very broad, dilate, obliquely truncate at the apex, with a small

cusp in the middle of the truncature, whose inner —— is

produced into a point curving forward . . . . digitatus, sp. n.

B. Spur of tibia of palpus bi-branchiate, with an equally developed upper

and lower branch, the upper more slender and curved downward,

sharp, the lower stouter, straight, truncate at the apex.

(Apical spine of bulb very broad, base dilate, deeply embedded in

the apical portion of the bulb, apex geniculate, curving forward,

minutely bifid at the extreme point.) . . . . . . . . . . bicuspidatus, sp. n.

Norr.—I do not know WM. centralis, M. letabilis, M. felix, and M. hondurensis (Peckh.), nor M. capitatus

(Hentz), sufficiently well to enable me to include them in the Table.

Females.

A. Posterior margin of vulval area not or only slightly emarginate, not deeply

notched.

a. Abdomen with a broad black longitudinal band on each side of the

dorsal area, but reaching neither the anterior margin nor the spinners.

(Vulva with a transverse irregular oval area anteriorly, with two

indistinct orifices close together in the anterior middle of this area,

connected with a curved line on each side.). . . . . . . . . nigropictus, sp. n.

METAPHIDIPPUS. 261

6. Abdomen without longitudinal black bands.

1. Abdomen with a central anterior dorsal transparent cruciform mark.

Vulval area circular, the two orifices more adjacent . . . . . pallidatus, sp. n.

2. Abdomen with a variegated brown pattern on the dorsal area.

Vulval area broad, transverse, triangular-oval, the two orifices more

remote from each other . ... . woe ew ew we. 6etpallidatus, sp. n.

B. Posterior margin of vulval area more or less deeply notched.

1. Vulval area longitudinal-oval, with a pair of large adjacent longi-

tudinal-oval concave discs anteriorly, and a much smaller pair of dark

subepidermal discs lying between these and the posterior margin . dicavatus, sp. n.

ul. Vulval area without any large anterior oval concave discs.

a’. Abdomen umber-brown, with numerous yellow or white elongate

or cuneiform spots and bands.

a’. Abdominal pattern consisting of a pair of elongate, parallel, pale,

unbroken bars, not reaching the anterior margin; with two

median lateral spots and three pairs of cuneiform spots poste-_

riorly, forming chevrons, these spots being placed on four pairs

of deep black spots. Notch on posterior margin of vulva

A-shaped, often very deep . . . . . .. . . . « bispinosus.

. Abdominal pattern consisting of six pairs of pale cuneiform

dorsal spots and two pairs of anterior lateral spots, the first

pair of dorsal spots reaching the anterior margin. Scarcely

any trace of black spots. Notch on margin of vulva more

semicircular. . . . . woe ee . variegatus.

b'. Abdomen either pale clay-yellow ‘without metallic scales, or clothed

with pink, copper, or green iridescent scales.

* Abdomen clothed with iridescent metallic scales.

1 aa. Carapace also clothed with pink, copper, or green iridescent

scales; not much inflated laterally behind the posterior

eyes.

a*, Abdomen with four round jet-black spots on each side . octonotatus.

6*. Abdomen without these black spots on each side.

2a. Abdomen with a narrow white marginal encircling band,

and also (in M. apicalis) with lateral white transverse

oblique spots as well.

a**, Vulval area longitudinal-oval, with the orifices

situated one diameter apart in a transverse-oval

depression . 1. 1. ew ee we ww ww ee) CUpreUs, SP. T.

b**, Vulval area triangular, without transverse-oval

depression, having a pair of orifices one and a half

diameters apart in the posterior half. Abdomen

with anterior marginal band and three white trans-

verse oblique lateral marginal slashes on each side . apicalis.

262 ARANEIDEA.

2b. Abdomen without any white marginal band or white

spots. Vulval area broad, transverse, oval-triangular,

abruptly narrowed anteriorly.

3a. Vulval orifices closely adjacent, in the middle of the

area. ww we ee ee ee ee ee OVALUS, SP. DL

3. Vulval orifices widely separate, six diameters apart,

with a pair of dark longitudinal-oval discs lying

between them... . . iridescens, sp. n.

1 6b. Carapace not clothed with iridescent scales, “but with white

or grey hairs; more distinctly inflated laterally behind the

posterioreyes . . Soe ee ew eee ee Unflatus, sp. n.

** Abdomen not clothed with iridescent scales.

aa. Carapace more distinctly inflated behind the posterior eyes.

1. Abdomen yellow, with two median lateral black bands,

broken up into eight square spots. Vulva oval-triangular,

with a pair of transverse orifices, one diameter apart, in

the centre. . . momus, Sp. 1.

2. Abdomen yellow, with four black spots at ; the apex. Vulval

area oval-triangular, with a pair of punctiform orifices,

four diameters apart, connected with a spiraloid line on

each side curving forward. . . . . 1. + + + +) ~ 6quadrinotatus, sp. n.

66. Carapace scarcely inflated behind the posterior eyes.

1. Abdomen yellow, with five pairs of dorsal linear-cuneiform

brown spots, besides others. Vulval area elongate

triangular. . . . . . toe » oe « + « Ochraceus, sp. 0.

. Abdomen dull red-brown, with four pairs of very indistinct

pale chevrons, united on the median dorsal line. Vulval

area short triangular-oval. . . . . . . .- . + ~ pallens, sp. n.

Norz.—I am not sufficiently well acquainted with the characters of M. centralis, M. dubitabilis, M. hondu-

rensis, or M. vegetus (Peckh.) to enable me to insert them in the Table; they probably belong, however,

to this group of species, and a figure of the vulva of each of the first three of these will be found on our Plates.

M. retiarius, M. nubilus, and M. capitatus (Hentz), which also belong to this genus, are unknown to me.

1. Metaphidippus mandibulatus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 4, 4a-e, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Dried example. Carapace deep purple-brown, the cephalic area clothed with green and white scales, having

also a narrow marginal band of white scales. Abdomen brown, with a central longitudinal dorsal band

of green iridescent scales and a double row of four spots of white scales, and a broken marginal band of

the same, the two arms of the band not meeting in front; sides and ventral area brown, thinly clothed

with fine ochreous hairs. Femora i. and ii., apex of patelle i. and ii., tibia i., apex of protarsus 1., and

the apices of all the other segments of the legs ii., iii., and iv. (except the tarsi) brown, the rest of the

legs yellow ; the apices of the femora and the bases of the tibie and patelle i. and ii. strongly, of i. and

iv. slightly, clothed with white scales. Sternum, maxille, and labium, the coxe and trochanters of leg i.,

and the mandibles deep brown.

Eyes—cephalic quadrangle slightly wider behind ; central posteriors slightly nearer to the lateral anteriors

than to the lateral posteriors. Mandibles very long, the basal segment longer than the carapace, with a

METAPHIDIPPUS. 263

stout curving tooth near the insertion of the fang, and two much smaller teeth within two of their own

lengths of each other, close to the base of the segment, meeting the apical hook of the fang when the

latter is closed. Fang very long and sinuous, as long as the basal segment, having a long slender spur

on the upperside near the base, its apex curving forward and slightly outward. Palpal bulb rather

broad, bilobate. with a slender curved apical spine; tarsus slightly excavate at the base opposite the

tibial spur, which is short, broad, and a little curved downward. ‘Tibia ii, with 2—2 9% spines

beneath. .

Hah. Costa Rica (Rogers).

2. Metaphidippus nitidus. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 5, 3; 6, 2.)

Dendryphanies nitidus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 53, t. 4. figg. 8, 84,

8c(?),8a(¢g) (April 1896)".

Type od, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 6-8, 2 9-10 millim.

Hab. Guatemata}.

3. Metaphidippus tridentatus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 7, 7 a, }, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Dried example. Carapace deep black-brown, clothed on the cephalic area with white and ochreous scales; with

a broad lateral band of white scales extending from the anterior lateral eyes almost to the posterior

margin ; another broad band of white scales lies along the margin itself. The anterior central eyes are

surrounded with ochreous scales; the clypeus is clothed with pure white scales. Abdomen with an

elongate-oval chocolate-brown dorsal band, extending from the anterior margin to the spinners, its centre

longitudinally clothed with a band of white scales; the entire margin encircled with a broad band of

white scales ; central ventral area chocolate-brown, devoid of scales, the space between this and the

marginal band thinly clothed with white scales. Legs and palpi more or less clothed with white scales.

Coxe, femora, apex of patella, entire tibia, and apex of protarsus i. deep brown ; femur ii. almost entirely

brown; apex of femora iii. and iv. brown; the rest of the legs yellow. Sternum, maxille, labium, and

mandibles deep brown.

Eyes—cephalic quadrangle slightly wider behind, with the lateral posteriors rather nearer the anterior laterals

than to the posterior laterals. Mandibles very long, their basal segment two-thirds the length of the

carapace, with a single large tooth near the insertion of the fang, curving forward, another shorter,

straight, sharp tooth about midway, and a third very small tooth at the base of the inner margin. Fang

very long, as long as the basal segment, sharply curved at the base, fairly straight, slightly sinuous and

hooked at its apex, but without any spurs or cusps. Palpal bulb elongate, bilobate, with a short, sharply

curved, black spine at its apex; tibial spur short and curving downward ; tarsus only slightly excavate

at the base, opposite the tibial spur. Tibia ii. with a pair of spines at the apox and two spines situated

longitudinally beneath.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

4, Metaphidippus octonotatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 8, 8a-c,¢; 9,9a,2.).

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 2 5 millim.

Colour similar in both sexes. Carapace dark red-brown; cephalic area black, clothed with white hairs and

iridescent scales. Abdomen deep red-brown, clothed with iridescent scales, having an anterior marginal

white band, broken up along the sides into three narrow oblique pale bands, and on each side of the

dorsal area a broad black band broken up into four black square spots by three narrow transverse white

bars. The coloration in the male is more distinct and vivid. Ventral area with a broad central dusky

band. Legs yellow, i. and ii. darker brown ; protarsi and tarsi yellow, iii. and iv. pale yellow, the apex

of the femora, patella, and tibia being dusky brown. Vulva consisting of an oval area, broader behind,

264 ARANEIDEA.

slightly emarginate in the centre of the posterior margin, with a pair of dark, narrow, oblique, anteriorly

convergent, slit-like orifices towards the anterior margin of the area. Patella and tibia of palpus short,

subequal, not longer than broad; tibia with a short, stout, curved, blunt spur at the middle of the outer

anterior margin. Bulb broad, simple, slightly bilobate anteriorly, with, at its apex, a short, stout, sharp,

conical, black spur (or spine). Mandibles much developed, the basal segment very long, with a stout

spur at its apex above and a large, long, curved tooth or spur further down on the lower side, and also

two smaller sbarp teeth close together, about a diameter of the anterior one apart, at the inner basal

angle, to meet the point of the long, sinuous, slender fang (or apical segment).

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

The female of this species resembles M. bicavatus in coloration and general appear-

ance, except that it has no white central or marginal band on the carapace, and the

ventral area, instead of being pale unicolorous, has a broad black central band.

5. Metaphidippus pernix, sp.n. (M. feliz, Tab. XXIII. figg. 10, 10a, b, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, with a white band along the sides of the cephalic area beneath the lateral eyes, extending

also on to the thorax. Abdomen ochreous-brown, clothed with iridescent scales; margin with a band of

white hairs, unbroken in front and extending to the spinners. Legs red-brown, the tarsi and protarsi

paler. Mandibles much developed, basal segment with a conspicuous cusp at the apex above, a very large

tooth a little further down on the lower side, and two smaller teeth near the base; fang very long,

abruptly curved at the base, sinuous and sharply curved at the apex. Bulb of palpus not projecting

beyond the tibia; tibial spur very short, sharp, and slightly curved; apical spine forming an almost

complete circle within the extreme apex of the tarsal sheath. The three spines on the inner side of

tibia i. extend just beyond the middle of the segment.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).

6. Metaphidippus dentiger, sp.n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 11, lla, 3, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4-5 millim.

Carapace red-brown or black, with a marginal band of white hairs encircling the cephalic and thoracic area.

Abdomen red-brown, with a white marginal band, clothed with iridescent scales; ventral area brown.

Legs unicolorous brown, the tarsi paler. Tibia i. with paired spines extending just beyond the middle.

Mandibles much developed, with the usual three teeth—a large one towards the apex and two others,

very small and adjacent, towards the base; fang very long, sinuous. Palpal bulb broad and somewhat

compressed ; apical spine very short, stout, and curved ; tibial spur a little longer than the segment,

curved, stout, bluntly pointed.

Hab. Guatemaua (Sarg).

7. Metaphidippus longipalpus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 12, 12 a-c, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace brown or black, with iridescent scales (these, however, very much obliterated) ; with a broad marginal

band of white hairs; no median lateral band. Abdomen brown, with a marginal white band, broken up

into white spots behind, with a broad dark band on each side more or less broken up into four square dark

spots by white transverse spots; the dorsal area densely clothed with iridescent green scales ; ventral area

brown. Legs dark brown, unicolorous, mottled with white hairs, with a conspicuous spot of white scales

on the apex of the femur and base of tibie i. and ii. above. Palpus very long (as compared with that

of others of the group); tibia and patella about equal in length, three or four times longer than broad ;

METAPHIDIPPUS. 265

bulb not basally produced over the tibia; apical spine slender, black, sharp, its point directed obliquely

forward and inward; tibial spur short, sharp, curving slightly downward. Mandibles much developed,

with a stout tooth (or cusp) on the lower side, about the middle, and a pair of small teeth more towards

the base on the upperside; fang very long, sinuous and stout, a little rugulose at the base beneath.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

8. Metaphidippus globosus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 13, 13 a-c, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with iridescent scales. Abdomen brown, with a marginal white band and a

paler central dorsal band clothed with iridescent scales, and a pair of lateral dark bands broken by four

white spots, but not divided into separate squares, as in some other species of the genus; ventral area

brown. Legs i. brown, the femur darker ; ii., iii., and iv. pale yellow, unicolorous. The paired spines

beneath tibia i. reaching just beyond the middle of the segment. Mandibles somewhat enlarged, without

any upper apical cusp, but with a large lower tooth near the apex and two smaller teeth nearer the base ;

fang stout, long, sinuous. Bulb of palpus enlarged, globose; apical spine short and slightly curved ;

tibial spur very large (as compared with that of other species of the genus), convex at the base, bluntly

pointed and unguiculate at the apex.

flab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

9. Metaphidippus maxillosus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 14, 14 a-d, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5 millim.

Carapace black, clothed with scattered iridescent scales, without marginal bands, but with a white median

Jateral band extending from beneath the small eyes almost to the posterior margin. Abdomen brown,

clothed with iridescent scales, with a white marginal unbroken band; ventral area brown, broadly

margined with pale yellow. Legs i. unicolorous brown, the femur darker; ii., iii., and iv. yellow, apical

two-thirds, apex of patella, and base of tibia suffused with dark brown ; tibia i. spinose to the middle on

the inner side and to just beyond it on the outer side. Carapace slightly inflate laterally, behind the

posterior eyes. Sternum rather more than one-half longer than broad, not abruptly narrowed behind.

Mandibles very much developed, elongate, with a stout tooth on the outer (lower) side towards the apex; a

much smaller one towards the base, with two very minute teeth opposite it, to receive the point of the

very elongate, slender, sinuous fang; the basal segments sweep outward, curve upward, and are widely

divergent at the apex. Spine of palpal bulb not at the apex, but springing from the inner side at the

tip, forming a bold spiraliform coil, its apex directed downward ; tibial spur long and slender.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (1. H. Smith).

10. Metaphidippus apicalis, sp. n. (Tab. XXIII. figg. 15, 15 a-d, 3; 16,

16a, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 2 5 millim.

Carapace black, clothed with scattered iridescent scales, but without lateral white bands or a central cephalic

white spot. Abdomen with a brown anterior dorsal spot, two lateral spots on each side, and an apical

spot ; margined and the spots outlined with white, the central dorsal area clothed with pink iridescent

scales. Legs brown, more or less clothed with white hairs; tibia i. with the usual 2—2—2 spines, but

these are situated at the extreme apex of the segments. Palpal bulb somewhat enlarged at the base,

with a short black apical spine slightly curved inward at the tip; tibial spur short, slender, abruptly

hooked at the tip.

Mandibles very much developed, with a large single lower tooth and two small upper ones ; fang elongate, stout,

with a very low conical protuberance beneath in the basal half, abruptly narrowed about the middle.

Female similar to the male, see Table and figures.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Sinith).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IL., September 1901. 2 Mt

266 ARANEIDEA.

11. Metaphidippus bispinosus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 1, 1a, 6, 6; 2,

2a, 6b, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, Q 6 millim.

Coloration similar in both sexes, but not so well marked in the male. Carapace red-hrown, clothed with white

hairs, with a band of white hairs extending from beneath the lateral eyes and reaching the middle of the

lateral area, midway between the central stria and the posterior margin. Abdomen yellow, with an

anterior-lateral white band, broken in front and dilate behind ; dorsally with a pair of elongate, slightly

divergent, white bands, followed by an oval spot on each side, a sinuous spot dilate on the sides, and two

/~-shaped white marks, the anterior the smaller, the branches of the posterior slightly dilate, just above

the spinners (these white spots break a pair of black dorsal bands into four spots on each side); lateral

area brown ; ventral area pale, with a broad central longitudinal brown band, having a pair of narrow

pale dotted lines in the middle.

Mandibles of the male variable in length, with a ridge on the inner upper margin, whence the inner side

descends precipitately ; the basal segment short, with two small teeth on the upper and one much larger

broad and conical tooth on the lower side (sometimes the mandible is elongated, and these teeth are then

more or less remote from the apex). Fang either shorter or longer according to the development of the

basal segment. Maxille dilate at their apex; outer apical angle slightly produced. Palpal bulb elongate,

bilobate, with two broad black apical spines, the outer one the smaller of the two; tibial spur very short,

directed sharply downward. Vulva consisting of a more or less circular area, with a transverse anterior

cavity, its posterior margin deeply sinuate, having on each side a black slash, possibly indicating an orifice ;

the posterior margin is so deeply but narrowly notched that the incision extends one-third through the

vulval area.

Hab. GuateMaLa, Guatemala city (Stoll); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

12. Metaphidippus lanceolatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 3, 3a-d, ¢.)

Type, do, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Dried example. Carapace red-brown, clothed on the cephalic area with white and olive-white scales, becoming

golden towards the posterior margin; a broad band of transparent white (not opaque dead white) scales

extends along the sides of the carapace from the lateral anterior eyes almost to the posterior margin, where

it attenuates.

Abdomen with a large oval dull olive-brown area, covered with dull golden-brown scales and hairs, extending

from the anterior margin to the spinners, having, on each side, close to the lateral white bands, four

darker brown spots, with a group of white scales in close proximity, the posterior groups blending with

the lateral bands on each side; the eutire abdominal margin encircled with a broad band of white scales,

followed at the sides and towards the lateral ventral area by yellowish-white hairs and scales; the central

ventral area brown. Mandibles deep red-brown. Legs red-brown or yellow, annulated with groups of

white scales. Femur i. entirely dark brown, the apices only of all the other segments of i., ii., iii., and iv.

being brown, except the tarsi, which are entirely yellow. Palpi red-brown, clothed with dull white scales

and hairs. Sternum pale red-brown. Coxe of legs yellow-brown, clothed with pale hairs.

Cephalic quadrangle slightly wider behind; posterior central eyes a little nearer to the anterior laterals than

the middle point between the laterals, anterior and posterior. Mandibles stout, elongate, divergent; the

base compressed on the inner margin, bearing, about one-third from the insertion of the fang, two teeth,

a larger anterior and a closely approximate posterior smaller tooth, with a much longer opposing tooth

below ; fang long, slightly sinuous; with a convex prominence about the centre of the inner margin.

The outer spine of the third pair of tibia i. much nearer the base of the segment; tibia ii. with two apical

spines beneath, and two situated longitudinally beneath the segment about the middle.

Palpal bulb comparatively narrow and elongate, with an apical lobe terminated by a short, broad, black

lanceolate spine, which is concave in the middle; the base of the tarsus excavate on the outer side

opposite the tibial spur, the inner side of the excavation being somewhat tuberculiform ; tibial spur short,

black, sharp, and curving downward.

Hab. Muxico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

METAPHIDIPPUS. 267

13. Metaphidippus levispinus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 4, 4a-c, ¢.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Colour very similar to that of M. lanceolatus, but the abdominal band is not broken in front. Tibia i. with the

three spines on the inner side close together, in rather less than the apical half, but not so near the apex

as in M. lanceolatus. Mandibles very stout and clothed with white hairs on the basal half above. Palpal

bulb small, but basally extending on the tibia, with a slender spiraloid spine on the inner apical side, its

apex long, aculeate, directed forward and somewhat across the tarsus at its apex; tibial spur stout,

nearly straight, sharp at the apex. Mandible very stout, convex above, with a stout tooth (or spur) on

the upperside opposed by a pair of smaller ones on the lower side.

Protarsus iv. with lateral as well as apical spines.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

14. Metaphidippus letabilis. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 5, 5a, 4, 3.)

Dendryphantes letabilis, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 51, t. 4. figg. 6-65 (3)

(April 1896) *.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Panama},

15. Metaphidippus dubitabilis. (Tab. XXIV. fig. 6, 2.)

Dendryphanies dubitabilis, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 52, t. 4. figg. 7, 7a (9)

(April 1896) *,

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5-9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tahia * (Townsend !),

Our figures of the vulva of this and the preceding species are taken from Peckham’s

work.

16. Metaphidippus furcillatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 7, 7 a, 4, 6.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace red-brown, without marginal border, but with a straight band of white hairs, embracing the lateral

eyes, and extending nearly to the base. Abdomen rich chocolate-brown (possibly clothed with iridescent

scales), with a white marginal band, broken in front, extending to the spinners, in the apical fourth with

two white points running inward, traces of the usual white spots; lateral area spotted with brown;

ventral area pale yellow, slightly speckled with brown. Legs i. deep brown, ii., iii, and iv. yellow,

unicolorous.

Carapace elongate, not inflated behind the posterior eyes laterally, compressed instead. Paired spines beneath

tibia i. extending to the middle of the segment. Bulb of palpus broader in front; apical spine black,

curved and furculate at the apex ; tibial spur as long as the segment, sharp and sinuous. Mandibles not

developed, normal,

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

17. Metaphidippus furcatus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 8, 8a, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with iridescent scales, without any marginal band, but with a median lateral

band of white hairs on each side extending from beneath the small eyes almost to the posterior margin.

* Probably Tapia, near Cordova, in the State of Vera Cruz.

2uq 2

268 ARANEIDEA.

Abdomen brown, with iridescent scales, margined with a band of white hairs, unbroken in front ; ventral

area brown, margined with pale yellow. Legs yellow-brown, i. and ii. darker, unicolorous, iii. and iv.

more or less annulated with darker brown. Carapace not inflate posteriorly. Sternum one-half longer

than broad, not abruptly narrowed behind. Spines beneath tibia i. extending to the middle on the inner

side, and to just: beyond the middle on the outer side.

Mandibles not much developed, with a broad tooth on the lower margin and two smaller ones opposite it on the

upper margin. Bulb of palpus enlarged, globose, produced beyond the tibia; apical spine broad, black,

bifurcate, the outer branch being the smaller ; tibial spur short, stout, black, sharp and strongly curved.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith).

18. Metaphidippus flavolineatus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 9, 9 a-c, 3.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5 millim.

Dried example. Carapace pale red-brown, with a large patch of primrose-yellow scales on the central anterior

cephalic area, a broad lateral band, and an anterior marginal patch of similarly coloured scales on each

side of the central anterior eyes; a patch of yellow scales also lies on the clypeus between the central

anterior eyes. Abdomen rich olive-brown, with a short, narrow, central, dorsal anterior band and a

broader entire marginal band of yellow scales reaching almost to the spinners ; sides olive-brown ; ventral

area brown, margined on each side by a narrow band of pure white scales. Mandibles brown, without

pale basal scales. Leg i. brown, the femur, tibia, and patella each with a broken band of yellow scales

on the inner upper side; the other legs yellow. Palpi brown; femur and patella with some yellow

scales above.

Eyes—cephalic area slightly wider behind; central posteriors scarcely further from the lateral posteriors than

from the lateral anteriors. Mandibles stout ; basal segment broad, with two small teeth, the lower very

minute, on the upperside, and a single larger very broad tooth, slightly dilate at the apex, on the lower

margin opposite the former, situated not far from the insertion of the fang; fang short and stout.

Tibia ii. with two apical spines and 1—1 in the middle beneath. Palpal bulb bilobate, with a rather

long slender apical spine; tibial spur short, sharp, and curving slightly downward.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This small species is allied to both M. lanceolatus and M. tridentatus.

19. Metaphidippus variegatus, sp. n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 10, 10a,¢; 11,

lla, °.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3:5, 2 4 millim.

3. Dried example. Carapace purple-black, clothed all over, except on the sides behind, with white and ochre-

yellow scales. Abdomen rich red-brown, clothed with scattered white scales, with a double row of four

white spots down the dorsal area; sides with white scales; ventral area black. Legs yellowish-brown,

annulated with darker brown, and covered with scattered white scales. Mandibles brown, with white

scales at the base.

Q. Similar to the male in colour, but the abdominal pattern is more distinct (especially noticeable when the

specimens are immersed in alcohol); the ventral area is also, but more thinly, clothed with white scales,

arranged in a double longitudinal band.

3 9. Hyes as in other species of the group. Mandibles of the male very similar to those of MW. Jlavolineatus,

with a broad, slightly dilate, lower tooth. Palpal bulb elongate, with a broad lanceolate apical spine ;

tibial spur short, and curving downward, with another small cusp near its lower base. Vulva with

notched posterior margin and concavity remote from it; see Plate.

‘and 1—1 beneath.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

Closely allied to MW. flavolineatus.

Tibia ii, with two apical spines

METAPHIDIPPUS. 269

20. Metaphidippus digitatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 12, 12 a-c, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace red-brown, with two spots of white hairs behind the anterior eyes, a broad median lateral white band

extending from beneath the anterior lateral eyes almost to the posterior margin, and a very narrow

marginal line of white hairs. Abdomen dorsally red-brown, with iridescent scales and an unbroken

marginal white band, with three pairs of white spots in the basal half, and two oblique white spots on

each side at the apex; ventral area brown, broadly margined with pale yellow or dull white.

Legs i. yellow-brown, femur and apices of the other segments dark brown; ii., ili., and iv. yellow, annulated

(like i.) with brown. Carapace scarcely dilate behind laterally ; tibia i. spined on the inner side to the

middle, and on the outer side to a little beyond this. Mandibles stout, not developed, with a larger

tooth, dilate at its apex, on the lower margin, opposed by a small tooth on the upper. Bulb of palpus

extending basally over the tibia; its apical spine black, very broad, obliquely truncate at the apex, with a

small central cusp and a longer apical point directed forward, and slightly curving inward; tibial spur

very short, sharp, and curving downward. Sternum rather over twice its breadth, not abruptly narrowed

behind.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

21. Metaphidippus bicuspidatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 13, 134, 6, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

Colour and general structure similar to that of MZ. diyitatus. Bulb of palpus extended basally over the tibia,

deeply indentate at the apex, where the apical lobe ig inserted; apical spine very broad, somewhat

geniculate, its apex bifid (or bicuspidate) and directed forward; tibial spur deeply bicuspidate, forming

two branches, the lower broader and straight, the upper more slender and curving downward. Mandibles

as in M. digitatus.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

22. Metaphidippus centralis. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 14, 14a, 3; 15, 2.)

Dendryphantes centralis, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 49, t. 4. figg.5,5a(¢),

5b, e (fg) (April 1896) *.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, g 3:5, 2 5 millim.

Hab, Panama!.

Our figures are taken from Peckham’s work.

23. Metaphidippus nigropictus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 16, 16 a, 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace dark red-brown, with iridescent green scales; cephalic area almost black, more or less clothed with

grey hairs. Abdomen pale yellow, clothed with white hairs and with green iridescent. scales,

with a broad black longitudinal band on each side, not reaching either the anterior margin or the

spinners; ventral area and sides pale yellow. Legs dark yellow-brown, i. and il. darker. General

structure as in other species of the group. Vulva consisting of a large, transverse-oval, shallow cavity

not reaching the posterior margin, which is slightly emarginate in the centre; in the cavity is situated

an orifice on each side of the middle, connected with a semicircular dark line.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

270 ARANEIDEA.

24, Metaphidippus pallidatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 17, 174, 2.)

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Colour entirely pale yellow; carapace rather darker, red-brown, clothed with white hairs; abdomen also

clothed with white hairs, having an anterior, central, dorsal, cruciform, transparent mark. General

structure as in other species of the group. Vulva consisting of a circular area, its posterior margin only

very slightly emarginate, with a large circular horseshoe-shaped depression or concavity in front, open

behind, bounded by two deep black outlines (see Plate).

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

25. Metaphidippus expallidatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 18, 184, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with white hairs, with a pair of indistinct dusky spots in the centre of the cephalic

area. Legs yellow; femur, patella, and tibia of i. and ii. with a dusky annulus at the apex. Abdomen

pale yellow, with a brown variegated pattern on the dorsal area (see Plate). Ventral area with a broad

sooty-black central band. General structure as in other species of the group. Vulva consisting of a

broad triangular-oval area, slightly emarginate behind, not notched, with, anteriorly, two curved black

lines forming the boundaries of a concavity, the two orifices at the posterior end of the lines being wide

apart, four diameters of an orifice.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

26. Metaphidippus bicavatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. figg. 19, 19 a-d, ¢.)

Type, 2,in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 7 millim.

Carapace deep red-brown, clothed with iridescent scales, with a central posterior band and a posterior marginal

band of white hairs. Abdomen pale yellow, clothed with iridescent scales, having an anterior

marginal white band, which extends along each side, dilate at the end, forming a spot about the middle

of the lateral area, followed by a larger and a smaller white spot ; on each side of the dorsal area lies a

broad black band, broken up by three white spots into four black oblong patches; ventral area pale.

Legs orange, i. and ii. dark brown, slightly darkened at the apex of each segment; in iii. and iv. these

points are much darker by contrast with the paler legs. Vulva consisting of a large broad-oval area,

deeply notched behind, in the middle of the posterior margin, with a pair of large, adjacent, shallow, oval

cavities lying longitudinally with a narrow septum between, and a pair of dark spots between them and

the posterior margin. Tibia i. with 2—2—2 spines beneath, those on the inner side being closer together

and situated in the apical half, those on the outer side more widely separate. Protarsus iv. with three

subapical spines at its apex beneath, besides a lateral one on each side at the apex and a lateral spine

about the middle of the outer side.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

27. Metaphidippus cupreus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIV. tigg. 20, 20a, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with coppery-pink iridescent scales. Abdomen red-brown, above entirely clothed

with coppery-pink iridescent scales, having a narrow white marginal band entirely encircling it; sides

brown-mottled; ventral area brown, bounded on each side by a narrow white dotted line (or line of

dots). Vulva very distinct in form, consisting of an oval area, its posterior margin deeply notched, having

a pair of deep cavities anteriorly. Legs i. brown, ii., ili., and iv. white; apex of femora, the patella, the

sides of the tibiz, and almost the whole of the protarsus, brown.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

METAPHIDIPPOS. 271

28. Metaphidippus ovatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 1, la, 9.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Carapace deep brown-black, clothed with iridescent violet scales. Abdomen dull yellow, entirely clothed with

green, pink, and violet iridescent scales. Legs unicolorous red-brown. Ventral area of abdomen pale,

with a longitudinal central dusky band. General structure as in M. quadrinotatus. Vulva with a variable

/ \-shaped notch in the centre of the posterior margin.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

29. Metaphidippus iridescens, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. fig. 2,24, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, with a paler area behind the posterior eyes, clothed with green metallic scales. Abdomen

entirely clothed with pink and green metallic scales ; ventral area pale, with a dusky central band. Legs

unicolorous red-brown. General structure as in M. quadrinotatus. Vulva with a semicircular notch in

the centre of the posterior margin (see Plate).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion).

30. Metaphidippus inflatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 3, 3a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, entirely clothed with white hairs, much inflated behind the posterior eyes. Abdomen

dull white, with pink and green metallic scales; ventral area with a longitudinal central dusky band.

Legs yellow, i. and ii. more or less suffused with brown, iii. and iv. dusky at the apex of the patelle, tibiz,

and protarsi. General structure as in M. quadrinotatus. Vulva with a deep triangular notch in the

middle of the posterior margin (see Plate).

Hab. GuaTEMALa (Sarg).

31. Metaphidippus momus, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 4, 4a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown. Abdomen yellow, with two black bands broken up into eight square spots ; ventral area

with a central dusky band. Legs i. and ii, red-brown, iii. and iv. yellow with dusky annulations.

General structure similar to that of others of the group, the carapace being more enlarged behind the

posterior eyes, as in M. inflatus. Vulva consisting of a rounded-triangular area, deeply notched in the

middle of the posterior margin, with a pair of transverse cavities, one diameter apart, in the middle of

the vulval area.

Hab. Guaremata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

32. Metaphidippus quadrinotatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 5. 5a, 6, ?.)

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace dull yellow-brown ; cephalic area darker and with a pale broad transverse area behind the posterior

eyes. Abdomen dull yellow-white, with white and brown hairs intermingled, with a faint anterior, dorsal,

central, longitudinal, dusky, wedge-shaped band, and four black spots at the apex; ventral arca dull

white. Legs dull yellow-white. Tibia iv. with one median and two apical spines beneath ; protarsus iv.

with one median externo-lateral and tour apical spines beneath. Ocular quadrangle much broader than

long, wider behind; small eyes nearer the anterior laterals. Carapace inflated laterally behind the

cephalic region. Vulva deeply emarginate in the centre of the posterior margin (see Plate).

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

ARANEIDEA.

33. Metaphidippus ochraceus, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 6, 6a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with scattered white hairs. Abdomen clay-yellow-white, with a pale central

band, ill-defined by a series of indistinct brown spots; lateral area spotted with brown : ventral area

pale, with three very faint brown longitudinal central bands. Legs unicolorous yellow ; tibia iv. with a

dusky black spot on the inner side at the apex. General structure as in MV. quadrinotatus, but there is

no median spine beneath tibia and protarsus iv. Vulva with a short square notch in the middle of the

posterior margin (see Plate).

Hab. Guatemara (Sarg).

34. Metaphidippus pallens, sp. n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 7, 7a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

In the single specimen received the carapace, abdomen, and legs are almost entirely deprived of pubescence and

hairs, but the vulva is of a very distinct form, consisting of a large circular-oval area deeply notched in

the middle of the posterior margin, having near the anterior margin a very shallow transverse-oval cavity

with a broad central piece, very narrow in front, dilate and then abruptly narrowed behind, where on

each side is a dark orifice. General structure as in other species of the group.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarq).

35. Metaphidippus hondurensis. (Tab. XXV. fig. 8, 2.)

Dendryphantes hondurensis, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 48, t. 4. figg. 4,

4a(¢) (April 1896) '.

Type @, androtype d, in coll. Peckham. Total length, 2 5, ¢ 4:5 millim.

Hab. British Honpouras!; GuatEMaa!.

Our figure of the vulva is taken from Peckham’s work.

36. Metaphidippus retiarius.

Attus retiarius, Hentz, Spid. U.S., ed. by Burgess, p. 161, t. 17. fig. 11(?)*.

Dendryphantes retarius, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 284°.

Hab. Nortu America!, Lower California, Sierra San Lazaro ?.—MeExico, Tepic?.

37. Metaphidippus nubilus.

Attus nubilus, Hentz, Spid. U.S., ed. by Burgess, p. 61, t. 8. fig. 15, t. 18. fig. 27(9)*.

Dendryphantes nubilus, Banks, Prof. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 284”.

Hab. Nortu America, Alabama !.—Mexico, Tepic ?.

38. Metaphidippus capitatus. (Tab. XXV. figg. 9,9 ¢; 10,10a,8,2).

Attus capitatus, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 200 (1845) *; Spid. U.S., ed. by Burgess,

p. 51, t. 7. fig. 15 (1875) *.

Dendryphantes capitatus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii, p. 36, t. 1. figg. 25 (¢), 25 a,

256 (9), t. 3. figg. 25 (gb), 25a (2)°* (Sept. 1888).

METAPHIDIPPUS.—PARAPHIDIPPUS. 27

jou)

Attus parvus, Hentz, loc. cit. p. 858°; Spid. U.S., ed. by Burgess, p. 62, t. 8. fig. 17’.

Attus estivalis, Peckh. Descr. Att. U.S. p. 2, t. 1. fig. 2 (1883) °.

Hab. Nortu America ! 3,—Mexico 8.

I do not know this species, but we have given copies of Peckham’s figures. ‘The

synonyms, too, are on his authority.

39. Metaphidippus felix.

Dendryphantes felix, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. xiil. p. 313, t. 27. figg. 6, 6a (3) (1901)*.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Rafael (Townsend 1).

40. Metaphidippus vegetus.

Dendryphantes veyetus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. xiii. p. 323, t. 28. figg. 7, 7 a@(?) (1901)’.

Type, 2,in coll, Peckham. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Rafael (Townsend ').

PARAPHIDIPPUS, gen. nov.

Type P. laniipes, sp. n., ¢. Mexico.

This genus, which, if not absolutely distinct, is at any rate convenient for separating

into groups the great number of species allied to Phidippus, may be distinguished from

the latter by the fact that the eyes of the posterior row are not or scarcely wider than

those of the anterior row, and the small eyes are a little further away from the lateral

anteriors. The abdominal pattern, too, is characteristic, being without the triangular

central pale spot, and the mandibles in the male are usually more highly developed,

though otherwise there is no structural difference between the two. .

Males.

(Mandibles very stout, enlarged, with the lower tooth, or in P. chrysis

the upper one, much elongated. Legs i. fringed with hair beneath,

and to a lesser extent legs i1.)

i, Lower tooth of mandibles always the largest.

a. Fang of mandible less robust, less sinuous, and not or scarcely

constricted in the middle, either quite simple or with a single

prominence in the centre of the inner margin. Legs i. longer

and more slender; tibia i. at least one-third longer than the

patella and with the protarsus much less densely clothed with

fringing black hairs. Palpal spine slender and almost straight.

a'. Fang of mandible with a single prominence at the middle of the

inner margin. Legs i. clothed beneath with a dense fringe of

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., September 1901. 2nf

214 ARANEIDEA.

short hairs curling over at thetip. Abdomen with an unbroken

marginal white band, and a central longitudinal dorsal band of

iridescent scales, flanked by a brown band; no white spots.

Apical spine of palpus uniformly stout, not aculeate at the tip. Janitpes, sp. n.

b'. Fang of mandible without any prominence, or with only a very

small one, at the middle of the inner margin. Legs i. clothed

beneath with a dense fringe of short straight hairs, not curling

over at the tip. Abdomen with a broken white or orange

marginal band; the whole dorsal area clothed with iridescent

scales and with five pairs of white spots, the second pair longi-

tudinal and the fourth transverse. Apical spine of palpus

aculeate atthe apex . . . . . . . . . inermis, sp. n.

6. Fang of mandible very stout, sinuous, or constricted i in the middle,

with two conspicuous cusps at the middle of the inner margin.

Legs i. shorter and stouter in proportion; tibia i. not more than

one-fourth longer than the patella, densely clothed on all sides,

but especially beneath, with long black hairs. Palpal spine slender,

but curved at the apex. Abdomen asin P.inermis . . . . funebris, Banks.

i. Upper tooth of mandibles the largest, forming the apex of a large

compressed apophysis, when viewed from in front.

(Abdomen as in P. inermis ; legs i. fringed beneath with straight,

short, black hairs.) 2... . 2. ee ee ee chrysis, Walck.

Norr.—The following species are unknown to me and cannot be inserted in the Table :—P. luteus (Peckh.),

P. trimaculatus and P. limbatus (Banks), and P. militaris (Hentz), though they probably belong to

Paraphidippus.

Females.

A. Body entirely dark brown or black, with a few apical marginal and

sometimes small dorsal white spots

B. Body not dark brown or black, but clothed with either a mottled pattern

of white, yellow, and brown hairs and scales, or with green, pink, and

copper-coloured metallic iridescent scales.

i. Ventral area with a broad longitudinal brown or black central band.

a, Carapace and abdomen clothed with green, pink, and copper-coloured

iridescent scales on the dorsal area, and with an anterior white or

nigropilosus, Banks.

_ funebris.

orange marginal band, a central larger marginal white or orange

spot, and a small one nearer the apex; dorsal area of the

abdomen with four pairs of small white spots, sometimes con-

spicuously set on square or rounded black spots . . . . disjunctus, Banks.

6. Carapace and abdomen entirely devoid of iridescent scales, but clothed

with mottled white and brown hairs. The whole body clothed

with hoary-white hairs. Abdomen with three pairs of obliquely

longitudinal white spots, the first pair often confluent, in the

middle of the dorsal area, and two \-shaped apical bars ; an

PARAPHIDIPPUS. 275

anterior marginal white band, and a large white marginal spot,

just behind the middle . . . . . ee . marmoratus, sp. 0.

. Ventral area with a central band of thinly clustered ochre- yellow

scale-like hairs. Abdomen more or less as in P. disjunctus, with

marginal white or orange band more or less broken up, or entirely

unbroken; clothed with coppery metallic scales, having pink and

green reflections . . 2... ee 8 ee ee ee eee Chrysis.

Notr.—P. multicolor and P. militaris (Hentz), P. fartilis and P. mewicanus (Peckh.), and P. tricolor and

P. aureus (C. L. Koch) are unknown to me, so that they cannot be included in the Table. P. mewicanus.is

stated by Peckham to be identical with P. asinarius (C. L. Koch), and it is therefore probably closely allied to

P. marmoratus.

1. Paraphidippus laniipes, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 11, lla-e, ¢.)

Type, 3d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 12 millim.

Carapace clothed with iridescent scales, with a band of white extending from behind the lateral anterior

eyes nearly to the posterior margin. Abdomen iridescent, encircled with a broad uninterrupted white

band ; no dorsal white spots present. Legs unicolorous brown, the first and second pairs hairy beneath,

their femora, patella, tibiee, protarsi, and tarsi clothed with a dense fringe of woolly curly hairs, curving

upwards. Mandible as in P. inermis, but with a less elongated apical cusp, lower or upper. The fang

has a central cusp, as in some varieties of P. inermis. The palpal bulb is very similar also, but the apical

spine is longer and more slender, and very similar to that of P. chrysis.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Godman).

2. Paraphidippus inermis, sp.n. (Tab. XXV. figg. 12, 12 a-d, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Similar to P. chrysis in coloration, but differing from it in the great development of the lower mandibular tooth

and of the apical mandibular cusps. From P. funebris, which also has a greatly developed lower mandi-

bular tooth, it may be known by the non-bicuspidate inner margin of the fang. Varieties occur in which

the apical cusps are but little developed.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Cuernavaca, Atoyac, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica

(Sarg).

3. Paraphidippus funebris. (Tab. XXV. figg. 13, 13 a-h, g; 14, 14a, 2.)

Phidippus funebris, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 280, t. 17. fig. 22 (¢ ¢) ‘. .

Type 3d, gynetype Q, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences, San Francisco. Total length, ¢ 10-5, 9 13-5 millim.

3. Dried specimen. Carapace deep mahogany-brown, the cephalic area clothed with green scales and black

hairs, having a narrow band of white scales extending from between the lateral eyes almost to the

posterior margin, convergent behind. Abdomen entirely clothed over the dorsal area with brilliant green

(or coppery) metallic scales; the encircling white band is broken up into a few elongate spots; the

dorsal area has four pairs of white spots, the first two elongate, the second pair transverse. Mandibles

red-brown, often with a slight green reflection. Legs black or red-brown, clothed with black and white

hairs and also with numerous white scales, on the underside with hoary-white hairs; tibia and protarsus i.

fringed with a very dense clothing of brown hairs; tarsi ili. and iv. paler; patella and tarsus i. clothed

with white hairs beneath, and all the tarsi with a few conspicuous white scales at the base above. Tarsus

of palpus pale, or white, at the apex. The coloration, of course, varies also, but not very much.

2. Deep brown or black, with brown hairs. Abdomen with the two apical marginal’ spots only pure white

2nf 2

276 ARANEIDEA.

or brilliant orange; the carapace and abdomen almost entirely without iridescent scales, Tibia i. with

a thick clothing of dark hairs below. Protarsus iv. spined towards the base.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks1), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith) ; GuaTEMALA

(Sarg); Costa Rica (Rogers).

Whether the females before me really belong to the species which Banks has called

P. funebris I cannot say. It is quite possible, however, that black varieties of

P. chrysis occur, though the almost complete absence of metallic scales in these

examples renders it difficult to believe that we have an instance of such variation.

4. Paraphidippus chrysis. (Tab. XXVI. figg. 1, la-h, 3; 2, 2a-f, 2.)

Aittus chrysis, Walck. Tabl. p. 25 (1805) *; Ins. Apt. i. p. 454 (1837) 7, and iv. Suppl. p. 422°.

Phileus chrysis, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vil. p. 30, t. 1. fig. 20 (2), t. 2. figg. 20 (¢),

t. 3. fig. 20 a@ (2) (1888) *.

Plexippus orichalceus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 118, fig. 1174(.¢)°.

Phidippus orichalceus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. i. 1, pp. 7, 18, 33, t. 2.

figg.8(g¢),8a(), t. 3. fig. 7 (¢) (1896) °.

Examples in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7-10, 2 8-12 millim.

3. Dried specimen. Carapace black, with dull green iridescence on the cephalic area, having a narrow band of

pure white scales on each side, extending from behind the anterior lateral eyes, slightly converging behind

the cephalic region and extending almost to the posterior margin, attenuate at both extremities. Abdomen

rich red-brown above, the central area being clothed with green, golden, and pink scales; an almost

continuous narrow band of white scales encircles the margin, broken, however, at the spinners, forming

two small spots on each side; the dorsal area has a row of three small spots of white scales on each side,

the last pair being elongate and transverse. Mandibles black, with a dull green reflection. -Legs black,

with a dull purple reflection, clothed entirely with black hairs, but with a few white hairs at the base of

patella i. and on the dorsal area of femora ii., iii., and iv. ; protarsi and tarsi ii. and iii. and tarsi iv.

yellow ; tibia i. clothed with black hairs beneath, the hairs not dense nor forming a fringe on each side.

Underside of the body deep dull black-brown, clothed with olive-brown hairs ; ventral area olive-brown.

Palpi not white at the extreme apex.

The coloration is somewhat variable ; the legs may be red-brown, the encircling abdominal band may be quite

continuous and not broken at the apex, while the apical pair of spots may also be transverse, forming two

pairs of transverse elongate spots.

9. Dried specimen. Coloration exceedingly variable :—

1. Carapace with green iridescent scales on the cephalic area extending to the base; sides clothed with

ochreous-white scales. Abdomen entirely clothed above with emerald-green and coppery scales, or

entirely green or coppery, or coppery and green with pink reflections; on the anterior third runs a

marginal band of ochreous-white scales, followed by a large spot and two smaller spots, often

connected, the posterior one continued over the spinners in the form of a transverse elongation ; the

dorsal area presents three pairs of ochreous-white (or almost pure white) spots, the posterior pair

tending to be transverse, each of these spots having a bare patch on either side, appearing to be

biack in contrast; ventral area brown, with numerous scattered ochre-white scales and a median

band of the same. Legs, palpi, and mandibles red-brown, clothed with long ochre-yellow hairs ;

tibize i., ii1., and iv. usually more or less black at their apex.

2. Precisely similar to the last, but with orange marginal band and spots.

3. Similar to both the above, but with a broad unbroken orange band extending from the anterior margin

of the abdomen to the spinners; the dorsal spots also orange.

Many intermediate varieties of these also occur.

PARAPHIDIPPUS. 277

Hab. Norra America, South Carolina?, Georgia®. — Mexico, Atoyac, Amula,

Omilteme, Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith); Guatemata‘*, Coban (Sarg); Costa Rica

(Rogers).—Souts America; ANTILLES, San Domingo '.

This very abundant species is in all probability the Attus chrysis of Walckenaer. It

is very likely also identical with Plexippus aureus and P. seladonicus, C. L. Koch, and

Attus iris, Walck. (Ins. Apt. i. p. 455); the type of the latter is figured in Abbot’s

Georgian Spiders (fig. 415).

5. Paraphidippus disjunctus. (Tab. XXVI. figg. 3, 3a-c, 2.)

Phidippus disjunctus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 281, t. 17. fig. 21 (2) °.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences, San Francisco, Total length 13°5 millim.

Carapace black, clothed with golden-brown pubescence, becoming intermingled with white laterally, but

without any definite white bands. Abdomen dorsally clothed almost entirely with pink and green

iridescent scales, becoming golden-brown in certain lights; the dorsal area with four large brown or

black spots, which are devoid of scales on each side, and a central iridescent dorsal band, having five

small white spots on each side, the apical ones becoming more transverse ; anteriorly margined with

white and with a larger and a smaller white spot on each side; sides clothed with grey scales; ventral

area with a broad dark central band. Legs red-brown, clothed with grey-white scales and long white

hairs ; the apex of the patella and tibia of all four pairs is black; the femur, patella, and tibia i. with a

lower fringe of curling black hairs, those beneath the protarsi white. Eyes and general structure as in

other species of the genus. For the vulva, see the Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks’), Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Distinguishable from P. chrysis by the broad black band down the centre of the ventral

area, and from P. marmoratus by the metallic scales on the carapace and abdomen.

6. Paraphidippus marmoratus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVI. figg. 4, 4a-d, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 8-13 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with hoary-white hairs, also with more scattered black hairs. Abdomen varying

in colour from rich chocolate to pale brown, with a broad white band encircling the anterior marginal

half of the dorsal area, followed by a large white spot and another at the spinners on each side, the latter

often joined over the spinners dorsally with an oblique branch extending upward and forward; these

spots are very variable in size, shape, and colour, being often primrose-yellow or orange; the central

dorsal area bears three pairs of elongate spots, the anterior pair smaller and often coalescing with the

second pair, while just above the spinners are two pairs of “\-shaped pale white spots ; all the dorsal

spots are margined with darker brown than the ground-colour of the dorsal area; ventral area entirely

clothed with white hairs and scales, blending laterally with the marginal band and spots, with a broad

central brown band entirely devoid of white scales, the band varying in colour from pale brown to

chocolate-black. Palpi pale yellow, clothed with white scales and fringed with long pure white hairs.

Mandibles and legs red-brown, clothed with white scales above and hairs beneath, more dense under

tibia i. and at its apex beneath mingled with black hairs, the apex of tibia i. also black; femora,

patella, tibie, and protarsi iii, and iv. dark at the apex (more easily observed in specimens immersed in

alcohol). Sternum and cox red-brown, not clothed with white hairs. Protarsus iv. with a spine on the

outer side towards the base, but in some examples this is absent. The carapace and abdomen are entirely

devoid of iridescent scales.

Ilab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

278 ARANEIDEA.

This species comes near the spider I identify as P. disjunctus, Banks, but may be

distinguished from it by the absence of metallic scales, the elongate form of the dorsal

spots, and the /\-like shape of the apical spots ; the latter, however, are very variable.

I am unable to recognize any reliable difference in the form of the vulva.

7. Paraphidippus fartilis. (Tab. XXVI. fig. 5, ¢.)

Phileus fartilis, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 27, t. 2. fig. 17 (¢) (1888) ’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico}.

This species is doubtless closely allied to P. marmoratus, but the vulva differs very

much according to Peckham’s figure, of which we give a copy.

8. Paraphidippus luteus.

Phileus luteus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 40 (g) (April 1896) °.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Honpuras}.

According to Peckham }, this species is very closely allied to P. chrysis (Walck.), but

is of lighter colour, while the first leg is shorter in proportion, and there is no ridge on

the face of the falces as in P. chrysis.

9. Paraphidippus trimaculatus.

Phileus trimaculatus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) 1. p. 282, t. 17. fig. 18 (¢)?.

Type, ¢, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences, San Francisco. Total length 5:2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

According to Banks!, the mandibles of the male are unarmed, 7. e. without teeth on

the basal segment: if this be correct, the absence of teeth is quite characteristic of the

species. The fang is short. This and the following species are unknown to me.

10. Paraphidippus limbatus.

Phileus limbatus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 282, t. 17. fig. 17 (¢)’.

Type, d, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences, San Francisco. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

11. Paraphidippus multicolor.

Attus multicolor, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 202 (1845) ’; Spid. U.S., ed. by

Burgess, p. 53, t. 7. fig. 13 (?)*. .

Phileus multicolor, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 282%.

Hab. Norta America, Alabama }?,—Mexico, Tepic 3.

PARAPHIDIPPUS. 279

12. Paraphidippus nigropilosus,

Phidippus nigropilosus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 280, t. 17. fig. 20 (¢)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences, San Francisco. Total length 12 millim.

flab. Mexico, Tepic!.

The description given is insufficient to enable one to gather what are the distinctive

characters of this species.

13. Paraphidippus militaris. (Tab. XXVI. figg. 6, ¢; 7, 2.)

Attus militaris, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 201 (1845) *; Spid. U.S., ed. by Burgess,

p- 52, t. 7. figg. 10, 11°.

Phileus militaris, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vil. p. 28, t. 1. fig. 19 (9), t. 2. fig. 19 (¢)

(1888) °.

Eris aurigera, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 189, fig. 1237 (g) (1846) *.

Hab. Nortsa America, Alabama !.—MExico ?.

The very large (comparatively) falciform palpal spine strongly curving towards the

inner side, of which Peckham? gives a figure, should enable this species to be readily

distinguished. ‘The synonymy is given on his authority.

14. Paraphidippus mexicanus. (Tab. XXVI. fig. 8, 2.)

Phileus mezicanus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vu. p. 28, t.1. fig. 18, t. 2. fig. 18 ( 2 ) (1888) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico},

I do not know this species, but it appears to be closely allied to those which are

clothed with iridescent scales. Our figure of the vulva is copied from Peckham’s

work.

15. Paraphidippus aureus.

Plexippus aureus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 114, fig. 1175 (¢)".

Hab. Mexico}.

There is very little doubt that this species is closely allied to P. chrysis, but whether

identical or not, it is now almost impossible to determine.

16. Paraphidippus tricolor.

Plexippus tricolor, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xii. p. 116, fig. 1177 (2?) '.

Hab. Mexico}.

This species also is evidently very closely allied to P. chrysis.

50 ARANEIDEA.

PHIDIPPUS.

Phidippus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 125 (1846).

Type P. variegatus, C. L. Koch. North America.

P. variegatus, a species very closely allied to P. albulatus, described below, is typical

of all those here referred to this genus, and has therefore been selected by me as the

type. It is very difficult, by structure alone, to separate these spiders from those which

I have included under Paraphidippus ; but, for convenience, I have separated out under

Phidippus all those in which the eyes of the posterior row are distinctly wider apart

than those of the anterior row, the small eyes are not far distant from the anterior

lateral eyes, and the abdomen usually bears a central white triangular spot formed by

the confluence of two cuneiform closely adjacent spots.

The spiders themselves are

large, stout, and thickly clothed with hairs; and the carapace is uniformly rounded on

the sides.

‘The species known to or identified by me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

I. Mandibles with two distinct teeth or one bicuspid tooth on the upper

side and another single tooth below.

* Legs i. and ii. clothed and fringed with long sulphur-yellow hairs ;

iii. and iv. with shorter and paler yellow or nearly white hairs.

a, Carapace tuberculate, bearing on the sides of the cephalic area a

stout conical tubercle. Femuri. with a long thick pencil of black

hairs, springing from the basal third of the dorsal ridge and

curving over to the front. Carapace and abdomen black, with

sulphur-yellow bands. Mandibles steel-blue, with yellow basal

hairs. The spine at the apex of the palpal bulb very slender,

sinuous, with a broad transverse basal portion . . “

6. Carapace not tuberculate; sides of cephalic part very widely

rounded. Femur i. without pencil of black hairs. Carapace

with wide white lateral bands. Abdomen light brown, with a

posterior dorsal median longitudinal velvety-black band. Man-

dibles black, with white basal hairs above. The spine at the apex

of the palpal bulb with broad base, very similar to that of

P. tuberculatus Se ee ee en

** Legs i. and ii. clothed with brown, black, or white, or partly black

and partly white hairs; iii. and iv. similar, but modified.

aa. Carapace without a transverse sinuous pale band behind the

cephalic area.

a. Carapace, legs, and abdomen black or purple-brown, variegated

with pure white. Mandibles metallic green, with white basal

hairs above.

tuberculatus, sp. 0.

arizonensis, Peckh.

PHIDIPPUS.

1. Apical spine of palpal bulb broader and bifid at its apex.

Tibial spur strongly curved forwards and downwards .

2. Apical spine of palpal bulb narrower, shorter, and aculeate at

its apex. ‘Tibial spur straight (see Peckham’s figure). Legs

i. and 11. with black hairs, except patella and protarsus, which

are clothed with white hairs . - + .

6. Carapace, legs, and abdomen entirely brown, the latter with some

indistinct groups of a few white hairs dorsally. Tarsus of

palpus clothed with orange-yellow scales and yellow hairs above.

Mandibles brown. Apical spine of palpal bulb broad and

strongly curved, falciform at its apex

66. Carapace black, with a transverse sinuous white band behind the

cephalic area. Legs rufous, barred with black; femur, tibia, and

apex of protarsus i. clothed with long black hairs, the patella with

a long brush of snow-white hairs. Mandibles blue, iridescent

II. Mandibles with two teeth only, one above and one below. Legs i. and

ul. clothed with long black hairs. Mandibles green, with violet

reflections. Spine at apex of the palpal bulb very short, sinuous, with

a broad rounded basal portion

Females.

A. Abdomen not unicolorous, but with an anterior marginal band, a central

triangular spot, an obliquely curved line, and a smaller spot on each

side towards the spinners.

I. Legs i. and ii. clothed with black or brown hairs, in addition to the

grey pubescence.

aa. Carapace almost entirely black or purple-brown, clothed with grey

pubescence.

a. Vulva notched in the middle of the posterior margin, with the

anterior bilobate cavity narrow and more remote from the

posterior margin. Palpi clothed with long black hairs.

(Mandibles metallic green, their base and the clypeus fringed

with white hairs. Abdomen dull red, clothed with grey hairs,

having a central dorsal posterior black band, an anterior white

marginal band, and a central white dorsal spot.)

Vulva also notched in the middle of the posterior margin, but

with a deep concavity nearer to the posterior margin, having

a short, narrow, central, anterior, longitudinal carina. Palpi

clothed with long silver-grey hairs.

(Mandibles metallic green, their base and the clypeus fringed

with grey hairs. Abdomen deep purple-brown, with an anterior

marginal band of silvery-grey hairs followed by two indistinct

lateral pale spots; and also with a central dorsal triangular

spot, followed on each side by a transverse spot and a smaller

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1901.

281

albulatus, sp. n.

mexicanus, Peckh,

brunneus, sp. n.

howardi, Peckh.

bidentatus, sp. n.

carneus, Peckh.

2 of

282 ARANEIDEA.

spot nearer the spinners, and a posterior central dorsal longi-

tudinal lanceolate band of metallic silver-grey scales.)

' 6b. Carapace orange-red, clothed with dull golden-grey pubescence.

(Mandibles orange-red-brown, their base and the clypeus clothed

with scattered grey hairs. Abdomen ochreous-yellow, clothed with

dull golden-grey pubescence, with a central pale spot, and a pair

of parallel, longitudinal, black bands in the apical half.)

II. Legs i. and ii. clothed and fringed with long bright sulphur-yellow

or grey hairs.

aa. Legs i. and ii. clothed with bright sulphur-yellow hairs. Carapace

and abdomen marked with sulphur-yellow, or white, longitudinal

bands.

a. Carapace marked with yellow bands ; clypeus clothed with yellow

hairs.

(Mandibles metallic green and blue, with a basal fringe of

yellow hairs. Abdomen black, with a pale anterior marginal

band, and a band of sulphur-yellow hairs on each side, united

in front, with a central triangular yellow spot, followed nearer

the spinners by a pair of smaller yellow spots.) . . .

b. Carapace marked with white bands ; clypeus clothed with white

hairs a

6b. Legs i. and ii. clothed with silky grey hairs. Carapace black, with

grey pubescence on the sides. Abdomen dull magenta-red, with

white markings; not marked with longitudinal yellow or white

bands.

(Mandibles brown-black, only slightly metallic. Abdomen

clothed entirely, dorsally, with dull crimson-lake scales, except in

the centre of the apical half; with an anterior marginal white

band, an oblique median lateral white line, a central triangular

spot, and an obliquely curved line followed by a small white spot

towards the spinners; sides speckled with white, and with fine

pencils of white hairs; ventral area clothed entirely with white

pubescence.). ©. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1 wee ee ee,

B. Abdomen unicolorous brown, thinly clothed with scattered white hairs.

(Mandibles brown, not metallic, or only very slightly so; tibia and

tarsus of palpus fringed with long yellow hairs.) .

foveolatus, sp. n.

aureoptlosus, sp. n.

tuberculatus.

arizonensis.

cruentus, Sp. n.

georgit, Peckh.

* Lbrunneus.

Norr.—There are evidently also good distinctive characters (among others) to be drawn from the comparative

length of the legs, the width of the posterior row of eyes, and the comparative length of protarsus w.; but

the measuring of the legs and the tabulation of other characters must be left to whomsoever has leisure to

undertake a monograph of the genus.

P. fulgidus, C. L, Koch, and P. montivagus, Peckh., are unknown to me, and they cannot be included in the

Table. The characters of the male of P. mexicanus, Peckh., are taken from his figure.

PHIDIPPUS. 283

1. Phidippus carneus. (Tab. XXVI. figg. 9,94, 2.)

Phidippus carneus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 33, t. 2. figg. 5,5 a(?)

(April 1896) ?.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 14°5 millim.

Hab. CentraL AMERICA}.

This species has been included in our Table on the characters given by Peckham}.

Three very large immature females, about 14 millim. in length, taken by Mr. Rogers

in Costa Rica, probably belong to it, but not being adult one cannot be absolutely sure.

Our figures are taken from Peckham’s work.

2. Phidippus foveolatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVI. figg. 10, 10a, b, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 14 millim.

Carapace purple-brown, clothed in front and on the sides with grey hairs and scales (the cephalic area has

been denuded of hairs). Abdomen deep purple-brown above, surrounded on the sides by silvery-grey

hairs, forming a more distinct marginal band in front, followed by two indistinct pale spots towards the

spinners ; the central anterior dorsal area bears a patch of silvery-grey scales, followed by the normal

median triangular white spot, then by a central elongate lanceolate band of silvery-grey metallic scales

reaching to the spinners, flanked on each side by a larger and a smaller, slightly transverse, white spot ;

the ventral area has a broad brown band denuded of pale scales, but with two fine lines of pale hairs

extending longitudinally from the genital rima to the middle only. Palpi pale red-brown, clothed with

pale hairs, the two apical segments fringed with much longer hairs. Legs and sternum purple-brown,

clothed throughout with grey scales and hairs, intermingled with longer black hairs, tibie 1. and ii. being

clothed densely with black hairs beneath. Mandibles bright metallic green, with basal grey hairs. Vulva

notched behind, consisting of a deep cavity having a short, narrow, central, anterior carina.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

3. Phidippus aureopilosus, sp.n. (lab. XXVI. figg. 11, lla, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Carapace red-brown, clothed with golden-grey pubescence and long brown hairs, without any white bands.

Abdomen ochreous-yellow, clothed with golden pubescence, with a pair of black bands on the apical half;

sides and ventral area brown. Legs red-brown, the apex of all the segments annulated with black ; palpi,

legs, clypeus, and base of the mandibles clothed with scattered grey hairs. Posterior row of eyes much

wider than the anterior ; small eyes one-third only from the lateral anteriors ; anterior row of eyes almost

straight (very slightly recurved) by their posterior margins. Vulva consisting of a transverse circular-oval

area, deeply and squarely notched in the middle of the posterior margin, with anteriorly a pair of deep

closely adjacent concavities.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

4, Phidippus tuberculatus, sp. n. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 1, 1 a-d, ¢ ; 2,2, a, 0,2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, 9 10 millim.

g. Carapace with stout conical tubercles at the sides of the cephalic region, and a pencil of long black hairs

above, in front of the posterior lateral eyes ; black or dark red-brown, clothed with brownish-yellow hairs

and scales round the central anterior eyes, and black scales and short hairs behind, having a patch of white

hairs just below and in front of the tubercle, and a short broad sulphur-yellow band extending posteriorly

from behind the tubercle; the margins fringed with white hairs. Abdomen black, with a double

2 of 2

284 ARANEIDEA.

band of sulphur-yellow hairs, the bands coalescent in front, narrowing behind, and almost united in the

centre by the normal triangular patch, which is, in this case, yellow, extending almost to the spinners ;

there is also a paler whitish anterior marginal band extending scarcely one-third along the sides,

coalescing with the yellow band in front; sides deep olive-brown, becoming streaked with white hairs

below, longitudinally ; ventral area black, with six or seven tufts of white hair extending transversely

inwards; the anterior portion of the white lateral streaks bears some bright metallic-orange scales.

Mandibles blue and green, metallic, with yellow hairs at the base above. Palpi red-brown ; patella,

tibia, and tarsus clothed with bright yellow scales above. Leg i. pale red-brown, clothed (except the

femur) with yellow scales and fine black hairs above, and with very long yellow hairs beneath, especially

on the tibia; femur i. clothed with bright yellow hairs beneath, with a spot of white scales at the apex

above, some yellow, brown, and white scales dorsally, and a long pencil of black hairs springing from the

base of the dorsal ridge and curving over from behind forwards. Leg ii. as in i., but without the femoral

black pencil. Legs iii. and iv. pale red-brown, with whitish scales and fine black hairs above. Sternum,

coxe, and underside of legs iii. and iv. with shaggy white hairs.

9. Carapace white in front, dull yellow at the sides, purple-brown above, with three transverse indistinct

bands of dull yellow scales in the cephalic quadrangle. Abdomen similar to that of the male, but with

the two central yellow lines which unite to form a triangular spot more conspicuous, but not meeting

behind, with a pair of very small yellow spots between it and the spinners; sides and lower surface

entirely clothed with dull white pubescence. Legs pale red-brown, i. and ii. clothed with yellow, iu. and

iv. with yellow-white hairs. Mandibles metallic green, clothed with yellow hairs at the base. Palpi

fringed with long yellow hairs.

Carapace of male tuberculate. Posterior eyes in both sexes set on strong tubercles ; cephalic quadrangle much

wider behind; central posterior eyes two-thirds of a diameter remote from the lateral posteriors.

Palpus of the male with the bulb bilobate, as usual; apical spine broad at the base transversely on the outer

side, sinuous and very fine; tibial spur short, slightly curving downward. Mandibles normal, with one

lower and two upper teeth.

Vulva of the female with a A-shaped notch behind and two reniform adjacent convergent cavities in front,

remote from the posterior margin.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith).

5. Phidippus arizonensis. (Tab. XXVII. fig. 3, ¢.)

Attus arizonensis, Peckh. Descr. of new or little-known Attide of U.S. p. 18 (1883)’.

Phidippus arizonensis, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 18, t. 1. fig. 10, t. 2. fig. 10 (¢)

(1888) *; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 279 (2)°*.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 11 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona”, Texas ?, Upper? and Lower? California.—MeExico,

Tepic °, Agua Caliente °.

This species would appear to be closely allied to P. tuberculatus; but Peckham

makes no mention of any cephalic tubercles, merely remarking “cephalic part with

sides very widely rounded,” nor does he mention any pencil of hairs on femur i. The

figure of the palpus is taken from his work.

6. Phidippus cruentus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 4, 4a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Hége).

For a description of this species and its characteristic features, see the synoptical

Table. ‘lhe general dull crimson tint of the abdomen should enable it to be recognized.

PHIDIPPUS. 28

7. Phidippus georgii. (Tab. XXVII. fig. 5, 9.)

Phidippus georgii, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 34, t. 2. figg. 6, 6a (9?)

(April 1896)’; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 280, t. 17. fig. 23 (9) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 17 millim.

Hab. Mrxico, Tepic 2.

This species probably comes very close to P. brunneus, if it is not identical with it.

The figure of the vulva is taken from Peckham’s work.

8. Phidippus brunneus, sp. n. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 6, 64,3, 3; 7,74, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 7:5, 9 12 millim.

¢. Carapace, abdomen, and legs entirely clothed with rich brown pubescence and with fine scattered black

hairs, the abdomen sometimes bearing a row of indistinct pencils of white hairs, grouped together, on the

dorsal area. Protarsi, except the apex, and tarsi pale red-brown or yellow; palpi pale, with dark hairs,

the tarsus clothed above with bright yellow hairs. In less mature forms the entire legs, except the

femora, are paler. Mandibles brown.

. Similar in colour to the male, but with the body and legs more or less clothed with pale hairs, giving it a

dusty appearance, while the cephalic region and the dorsal area of the abdomen are set with isolated

pencils of long pure white hairs. Clypeus fringed with dull ochre hairs ; tibia and tarsus of palpus fringed

with long yellow hairs. Mandibles brown-black. Ventral area unicolorous brown. ‘The groups of

white hairs on the abdomen are arranged in two rows on each side of the central posterior dorsal area,

not conspicuous, but quite distinct in a dried example.

3. Cephalic quadrangle much wider behind; central posterior eyes two-thirds more remote from the lateral

posteriors than from the lateral anteriors. Mandibles normal. Palpus: bulb bilobate, the apical

lobe terminating in a broad strongly curved black spine; tibial spur short, stout, and curving slightly

downward.

Q. Eyes similar to those of the male. Vulva consisting of a small, but deep, semilunar, transverse, recurving

cavity ; the posterior margin notched.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo (HZ. H. Smith).

9. Phidippus howardi. (Tab. XXVII. fig. 8, ¢.)

Phidippus howardii, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 34, t. 2. figg. 7, 7 a,5(¢)

(April 1896) *.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico’.

The transverse white band behind the cephalic area distinguishes this species from

any others recorded from Central America. The mandibles are blue, iridescent, with

green reflections. Legs rufous, barred with black. Abdomen with the central white

spot usual in this group of the genus. (Sec. Peckham’s description. Our figure of

the palpus is taken from his work.)

10. Phidippus albulatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 9, 9a-f, o.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 12 millim. (variable).

3. Carapace deep purple-black, with a marginal line of white scales extending from in front of the anterior

286 ARANEIDEA.

lateral eyes almost to the posterior angles, broader in front, narrowing as it touches the margin; the

clypeus, though fringed with white and ochre hairs,-is free from white scales ; avery broad band of white

scales extends from behind the anterior lateral eyes, curving round over three-fourths of the carapace,

convergent but not meeting at the centre. Central anterior eyes surrounded with ochre hairs. Three

spots of white hairs occupy the central ocular area between the central and lateral posterior eyes.

Abdomen black or deep red-brown, clothed with scattered silvery or golden scales, having a broad anterior

pure white marginal band, followed by an oblique white spot and a semicircular spot, on each side;

viewed from above, the two semicircular spots form the boundaries of a parenthesis; the dorsal area has

a large triangular central white spot, with a pair of smaller ones halfway between it and the anterior

margin ; ventral area entirely brown. Mandibles metallic green, clothed at their base above with pure

white hairs, which become tawny at the sides. Femur of palpus entirely white above; patella margined

with white scales; tibia and base of tarsus margined on the inner side with white scales, the tarsus

otherwise black. Femur i. with a broad, white, oblique band at the base on the inner side ; inner and

upper apex clothed with white scales; patella i. margined with white ; tibia i. almost entirely black ;

protarsus and tarsus i. with white hairs at their base. Legs ii., iii., and iv. similar, but ii. with the

femoral spot smaller and the protarsus whiter, and iii. and iv. with the basal half of the tibia white.

Underside of legs and sternum brown ; tibia i. with dense black and some white hairs beneath. Palpus:

bulb of the usual bilobate form; spine stout and bifid at its apex; tibial spur very strongly curved.

Mandibles normal, with a pair of adjacent teeth on the upperside and a single rather larger tooth on

the lower side opposite.

©. The female examples received are not adult.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

11. Phidippus mexicanus. (Tab. XXVII. fig. 10, ¢.)

Phidippus mexicanus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vil. p. 23, t. 2. figg. 7(¢), 18 (9) (1888)’;

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 280 (2) *.

Hab. Norra America, Lower California, El Taste ?,—Mexico !, Tepic ?.

This species is apparently very closely allied to P. albulatus, but the apical spine of

the palpus is aculeate (not bifid), according to our figure, taken from Peckham’s work.

12. Phidippus bidentatus, sp.n. (lab. XXVII. figg. 11, 11 a-d, ¢.)

Type, gd, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

(Carapace and abdomen accidentally devoid of hair and scales.) Legs red-brown, clothed with black hairs,

especially beneath the femora and tibie of i. and ii. Mandibles bright metallic green, with blue

reflections, having a single large upper tooth (the third is almost obsolete) and a single smaller lower

tooth. Palpus: bulb bilobate, much enlarged posteriorly, the apical lobe enlarged, terminating in a very

fine slightly sinuous spine ; tibial spur short, broad at the base and slightly curving downward. Cephalic

quadrangle much wider behind ; central posterior eyes two-thirds of a diameter remote from the lateral

posteriors. .

Hab. Mexico, Chiapas (/6ge).

13. Phidippus fulgidus.

Phidippus fulgidus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 153, fig. 1209 (9 )'.

Hab. Mexico}.

This and the following species are unknown to me.

PHIDIPPUS.—PARNANUS. 287

14. Phidippus montivagus.

Phidippus montivagus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. xiii. p. 293, t. 24. figg, 83, 3a(9)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 11 millim.

Hab, Muxico, Chibuahua (Townsend !).

PARN ANUS.

Parnenus, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 37 (April 1896).

Type Phidippus cyanidens, C. L. Koch. South America.

The spiders here included under this genus differ from Phidivpus, Paraphidippus,

and Metaphidippus in the details connected with the position of the eyes and the form

of the carapace: the posterior eyes are wide apart, situated almost on the margin of

the carapace, and are seated on a distinct tubercle; while the carapace is inflated

laterally in front of the posterior eyes, and slopes abruptly behind. The maxille are

rounded on the outer side at the apex. Whether these characters will prove of any

value when more material comes to hand, one cannot say, but it is very doubtful.

The males of the two species known to me, which have the same characteristics as

those ascribed by Peckham to P. cyanidens, may be distinguished from one another,

as well as from P. cyanidens, as follows :—

Males.

I. Apex of mandible blue, metallic; base not clothed with white hairs . . cyanidens, Peckh.

II. Apex of mandible red-brown; base densely clothed with white hairs and

pubescence.

A. Mandible very long; teeth widely separate, the larger lower one about

halfway between the base of the fang and the two upper smaller teeth,

which are situated close together, the anterior being the largest. The

upper apical angle of the basal segment bears a stout conspicuous cusp.

Patella and tibia of palpus three times longer than broad, the latter

with a long slender spur bent down and curling round the base of the

bulb ; apical spine of the bulb long, slender, sinuous. Lateral white

band of the carapace attenuated and terminating beneath the small

eyes, not continued round the clypeus. . . . cuspidaius, sp. n.

B. Mandible short; teeth close together, the lower tooth slightly larger

and situated opposite the two small upper teeth, about one-third from

the base of the fang. Upper apical angle of the basal segment without

any cusp. Patella and tibia of palpus scarcely longer than broad, the

spur on the latter slender and straight, not curved round the base of

the bulb; apical spine of the bulb dilate at the base, filiform at the

apex, straight, short. Lateral white band on the carapace extending

entirely round over the clypeus . . . . .... . . =... . fimbriatus, sp. n.

288 ARANEIDEA.

1. Parnenus cyanidens. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 12, ¢ ; 13, 134, 6, .)

Phidippus cyanidens, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 156, fig. 1211".

Parnenus cyanidens, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 38, t. 3. figg. 2,2 a,6( 2),

fig. 9¢ (Sd) (April 1896) *

Hab. GUATEMALA}.

Our figures are copied from Peckham’s work, and the characters given in the Table

taken from his description.

2. Parnenus cuspidatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 14, 14a-d, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Dried example. Carapace deep brown, the cephalic area clothed with greenish scales and with a spot of pure

white scales between the posterior lateral eyes ; a broad lateral band of white scales, attenuate in front,

runs from behind the lateral anterior eyes to the posterior margin. The clypeus, the base of the

mandibles, and the anterior half of the marginal rim of the carapace clothed with pure white scales; the

lower side of the marginal rim and the femur and patella of the palpus with white scales. Abdomen dull

brown, clothed with golden-greenish scales, with a broad marginal band of white scales, meeting in front

and extending almost to the spinners; sides with scattered white hairs and scales; ventral area brown,

devoid of scales. Legs red-brown, annulated with bands of white scales ; femora, and the bases of all the

other segments also, including the tarsi, thinly clothed with white scales. Sternum, coxe, maxille, and

labium brown.

Cephalic quadrangle distinctly wider behind; the posterior lateral eyes set on conspicuous tubercles ; the

posterior centrals distinctly further from the posterior laterals than from the anterior laterals. Mandibles

much developed, the basal segments strongly divergent, as long as the carapace, with a large, stout,

straight tooth towards the insertion of the fang, and a second rather smaller tooth, and a third still

smaller, very close together at the inner basal angle; the inner angle at the apex has a short stout cusp;

fang very long, sinuous in the middle, and slightly curved from the base to the apex. Maxille long,

dilate at; the apex, but not produced at the outer apical angle. Palpus bilobate, with a long, slender,

sinuous spine springing from its outer side at the apex; tibial spur long, slender, and strongly curving

downward.

Hab. GuatTEMALa (Sarg).

3. Parnenus fimbriatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 15, 15 a-c, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Carapace brown or black, clothed with iridescent scales, with a central white cephalic spot and a very broad

marginal band of white hairs, embracing the clypeus and the basal half of the mandibles. Abdomen

brown, with iridescent scales and a broad marginal band of white hairs, broken in front and extending to

the spinners ; lateral and ventral areas brown, separated by a pale line. Legs yellow-brown, the femora

and the apex of the other segments annulated with black. Inner upper angle of the mandibles developed,

bearing two small teeth, the lower angle having one small tooth (but very variable, see Plate). Palpal

bulb elongate, developed behind, but not enlarged, anterior lobe bearing a straight, sharp, black spine,

enlarged at the base, aculeate at the apex ; tibial spur of the palpus about as long as the segment, slender,

only very slightly curved.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

ZYGOBALLUS. 289

Group HOMALATTES.

The genera belonging to this group which are known to occur in Central America

may be distinguished as follows :—

A. Integument of abdomen not coriaceous on the dorsal area.

1. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes wider behind (in the type-species,

Z.vufipes). . 6 6 we ww ew ee ee Zyeosatuvs, Peckh.

2. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes not wider behind (in the type-species,

B.magna). 2. 1 6 ew ew we we we we ew). 6B, Peckh.

B. Integument of abdomen coriaceous over the entire, or part of the,

dorsal area.

1. Sternum not prolonged behind, between coxe iv. . . . . . HomMaarrorpes, gen. nov.

2. Sternum produced and prolonged behind, between coxe iv. . . Coccorcuesres, Thor.

Norze.—The characters given for the various genera of this group are usually based on differences in the

position of the eyes and are far from satisfactory. A thorough revision of the whole group, as well as of the

Phidippeze, is needed, but it cannot be undertaken unless the Salticide of other districts are also studied.

ZYGOBALLUS.

Zygoballus, Peckham, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1885, p. 81 (Dec.).

Type Z. rufipes, Peckham. Guatemala. |

Carapace almost square, vertically depressed behind from the posterior row of eyes. Cephalic quadrangle of

eyes broader than long, wider behind. Legs i. longest, all four pairs slender, the first, however, stouter

than the others ; tibia i. with 2—2—2 spines beneath, the first pair being subbasal ; tibiae and protarsi

iii. and iv. with a few spines.

This genus is very likely congeneric with Rhanis, C. L. Koch. The species known

to me may be recognized from the following ‘Table, the characters of the others

(7. parvus, Hentz, excepted) being added from Peckham’s descriptions :—

Males.

A. Mandibles much developed, directed obliquely forward, with a long sinuous

fang, the basal segment bearing a long straight spur stretching forward

above the fang, and another, more or less hammer-headed, opposite it below

the fang.

1. Basal segment of mandible with a longer or shorter (variable) curved cusp

towards the apex above. Palpus and femur, trochanter, and coxa of leg i.

red-brown. Legs ii., iii., and iv. yellow, with black slashes along the

sides. Palpal bulb elongate-oval, without any visible spine at the apex

(possibly not constant) -; tibial spur long, slender, and slightly sinuous.

(Tibia i. six times as long as its diameter.) . . . 2. . 1. . . . . rufipes, Peckh.

2. Basal segment of mandible without cusp towards the apex above. Femur,

protarsus, and apex of tibia of leg i. brown. [egs ii., iii., and iv. yellow,

unicolorous. Palpal bulb broader oval, with a short slender sinuous

black spine at the apex. (Drawn from Peckham’s description and figures.) remotus, Peckh.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1901. 2 Pt

- 390 ARANEIDEA.

B. Mandibles not developed, stout, vertical, without either the long spur above

or the apophysis below. Fang short.

~ 1. Tibial spur very broad at its apex, viewed in profile. Tibia of palpus not

longer than broad, patella broader than long, viewed from beneath.

Spine at the apex of the bulb longer and much stouter. (Tibia i.

incrassate, scarcely three times longer than its diameter.) Abdomen

black, with three white spots on the dorsal margin on each side. Legs.

red-brown, protarsus and tarsus paler; ii., iii., iv. unicolorous yellow,

femur iv. with an inner apical dusky brown spot. Carapace black,

without marginal white band. . . . . . tibialis, sp. n.

2. Tibial spur short, but sharp, its apex directed forward. Tibia of palpos

twice longer than broad ; spine at the apex of the bulb shorter and quite

slender. Abdomen dark brown, with a white anterior marginal band

and two faint white transverse dorsal bands, becoming obsolescent in the

middle. Palpi and leg i. red-brown, protarsus and tarsus paler; legs i1.,

iii., and iv. reddish-brown above, yellowish beneath, the coxe and

trochanters and the base of the femora ili. and iv. yellow. Carapace

dark brown, with a white band round the lower margin and some other

patches of white hairs. (These characters are all deduced from Peckham’s

description and figures.) 2. 2. 2. 1. 1 6 6 ee ee ee ee minutus, Peckh.

Females.

A. Leg i. much less incrassate, tibia nearly four times longer than its diameter.

(Vulva consisting of a pair of smaller oval orifices about three diameters

apart, two diameters from the posterior margin, which is emarginate in

the middle. Carapace and abdomen brown, the latter with a pair of parallel

pale longitudinal lines on the anterior half, followed by a more or less

dentated pale band, the dentations being usually continued as curving

oblique slashes on the sides. Femuri. and all the other segments of legs i.,

ii., and iii. more or less slashed with a black line on the anterior side, and a

narrow basal annulus. Femur and tibia iv. with a large black spot on the

inner side at the apex.) . . . . 4... oe ee - . rufipes.

3. Leg i. much more incrassate, tibia scarcely more than twice longer than its

diameter.

1. Vulval area broader than long.

a. Vulval area not much broader than long, transverse-oval; with a pair of

much larger oval-triangular orifices, half a diameter apart, the same

distance from the posterior margin, which is not emarginate, but has a

low rounded prominence in the middle. (Characters taken from

Emerton’s drawing.) . a re

6. Vulval area much broader than long, transverse-triangular, with a pair

of much smaller orifices, three or four diameters apart, two or three

from the posterior margin (variable), which is prominent in the middle,

with a small central rounded cavity .

minutus.

re 21/77/75

ZYGOBALLUS. 291

2. Vulval area longer than broad. (Vulva consisting of a pair of small

orifices two and a half diameters apart and two diameters from the

posterior margin, which is emarginate in the middle.) . . . . . . maculatus, sp. un.

Nore.—The coloration in the last three species is much the same. Legs i. brown, protarsus and tarsus paler ;

ii., iii, and iv. yellow, each segment tipped with black or brown at the apex ; femur iv. with a larger spot of

black at the apex on the inner, or upper, side. Abdomen brown or black, with spotted and streaked white

pattern, which is very variable. In the only example we have of Z. maculatus the white pattern is almost

obsolete, leaving three white marginal dorsal spots and four very indistinct central spots. If it were not

for the difference in the position of the vulval orifices, I should not hesitate to regard both 4. maculatus and

Z. tibialis as identical with Z. minutus, Peckh.

Z. parvus, Hentz, is unknown to me and cannot therefore be included in the Table.

1. Zygoballus rufipes. (Tab. XXVII. figg. 16, 16 a-A, ¢ ; Tab. XXVIII.

figz. 1, La, 2.)

Zygoballus rufipes, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc, 1885, p. 82, t. 2. figg. 12, 12a, b (2)

(Dec.) *.

Rhane munda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 162, t. 19. figg. 17, 17 a, 6

(?) (March 1896) ’.

Zygoballus strenuus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 92, t. 7. figg. 4, 4a (9)

(April 1896) *.

Type, d, of Z. rufipes, of, 2, Z. strenuus, in coll. Peckham; of d of R. munda, and gynetype, 9, in coll.

Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 9 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (7. H. Smith?) ; Guaremaua (Sarg), Eastern district }°.

The non-incrassation of tibia i. in both sexes and other characters given in the Table

will serve to distinguish this species from other Central-American forms known to me.

I have not seen Peckham’s type of Z. strenuus, but there can be little doubt as to its

identity with the female of R. munda. The present species much resembles Z. suavis,

Peckh., from Jamaica, especially in the armature of the mandibles (sec. Peckham’s

figure); but the tibial spur is much longer and the legs ii., ili., and iv. (instead of

being brown) are yellow, with black slashes along the sides. 2. munda is also identical

with Z. rufipes, Peckh. (cf. the figures of the male).

2. Zygoballus remotus, (Tab. XXVIII. fig. 2, ¢.)

Zygoballus remotus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 89, t. 7. figg. 2,2a (2g)

(April 1896) *.

Type, d, in coll. Peckham. Total length 4:3 millim.

Hab. GuateMa.a}!.

Peckham ! makes no mention of any tooth, spur, or cusp on the basal segment of

the mandible above, at the apex, so that one must conclude there is none present ; and

the absence of this will enable Z. remotus to be distinguished at once from the male

of Z. rufipes. The legs ii. iii., and iv. in the present species, too, are unicolorous

yellow (not slashed with black, as in Z. rufipes). Our figure of the palpus is taken

from Peckham’s work.

2 pf 2

292 ARANEIDEA.

3. Zygoballus tibialis, sp.n. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 3, 3a, 6, ¢ ; 4,4a-c, ¢ .)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3, 2 4 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

The male can be at once recognized from other Central-American forms by the much

enlarged tibial spur of the palpus. Legs ii., iii., and iv. are unicolorous yellow. In

the female the legs are spotted with black at the apex of the segments, and the

abdomen has a very striking dorsal pattern of white spots and bands. The latter sex

can be known amongst closely allied forms by the shape of the vulva.

4, Zygoballus minutus. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 5, 5a, ¢ 3 6, 2.)

Zygoballus minutus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ili. 1, p. 90, t. 7. fi

3a, b(8) (April 1896) *.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 3°5, 9 4 millim.

gg. 3, 3¢(¢),

Hab. GuateMALa, Eastern district '.

Very similar in general appearance to Z. tibialis and Z. maculatus, but recognizable

by the form of the palpal organs and vulva, copies of the figures of which are here

given from Peckham’s work.

5. Zygoballus maculatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 7, 7 @, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua (Sarg).

‘This species is black, with a few white dorsal and marginal spots on the abdomen,

and the legs i. brown, and ii., iii, and iv. yellow, annulated with black. It is

probably recognizable by the form of the vulva only, for the coloration in these spiders

is very variable, the general pattern being common to many of them.

6. Zygoballus parvus.

Attus parvus, Hentz, Spid. U.S., ed. by Burgess, p. 62, t. 8. fig. 17 (2) '.

Zygoballus parvus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 288%.

Hab. Nortn America, North Carolina !.—Mexico, Tepic 2,

Banks ? records a few females from Tepic, without, however, giving any characters

by which the species might be identified.

BEATA.

Beata, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. (3) p. 167 (Dec. 1895).

Type B. magna, Peckham. Colombia.

_ Very similar to Homalattoides in general characters, except that there is an entire

absence of any coriaceous dorsal covering on the abdomen. ‘The mandible is toothed

in the same manner as in that genus,

BEATA.—HOMALATTOIDES. 293

Females.

A. Size larger, length 5°5-7°5 millim. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes not wider

behind ; posterior eyes not set on the margin. Tibia 1. more incrassate.

Maxillee much dilate at their apex. Tibia and protarsus iv. spined, the

former with two spines, the latter with four, at the apex beneath. . . . magna, Peckh.

B. Size smaller, length 4 millim. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes distinctly wider

behind ; posterior eyes set on the margin and on distinct inflations or

tubercles. Tibia i. less incrassate. Maxille only normally dilate at their

apex. Tibia and protarsi iv. without spines beneath. . . . . . . . cephalica, sp. n.

1. Beata magna, (Tab. XXVIII. fgg. 8, 8a-f, 2.)

Beata magna, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 3, p. 168, t. 15. figg. 9, 9a-c (2?) '; Oceas.

Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 13 ( 2)”.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion); CENTRAL AMERICA !.—

SoutH AMERICA, Colombia ?.

2. Beata cephalica, sp.n. (Tab. XXVIII. fige. 9, 9 a-e, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

HOMALATTOIDES, gen. nov.

Type H. roseus, sp.n., d. Panama.

Leg i. incrassate in both sexes, but more strongly so in the male than in the female; tibia scarcely twice

longer than broad, with 2—-2—2 spines in the apical half. Protarsi and tarsi in the female incrassate ;

protarsus and tarsus i. longer in the male than in the female. ‘Tibiw and_protarsi iii. and iv. almost devoid

of spines, with one or more at the apex only. Carapace square, convex, abruptly inclined behind the

posterior row of eyes, somewhat excavate. Cephalic quadrangle of eyes much broader than long, wider

behind. Small eyes one-third from the anterior laterals. Sternum twice as long as broad, oval, pointed

behind, not produced between the coxe of the fourth pair of legs. Abdomen in both sexes coriaceous.

It is possible that the species referred to this genus are congeneric with Homalattus,

Adam White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vil. p. 476 (1841), of which the type is

H. pustulatus, White, from Sierra Leone. But for the present I have thought it better

to describe the Central-American forms under another generic name. The three

known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Tibia i. not or scarcely more than twice as long as broad; carapace and

abdomen clothed with violet iridescent scales, the abdomen coriaceous

over the entire dorsal area.

“4, Tibia i. scarcely longer than broad, with 2—2—2 conspicuous spines

beneath. Carapace margined with a white band. Lower tooth of

- mandible broad, but no large cusp. Apical spine of palpal bulb bifid,

a longer inner spine and a shorter adjacent outer cusp . . . . . roseus, sp. D.

294 ARANEIDEA.

2. Tibia i. rather more than twice as long as broad, almost devoid of spines.

Carapace not margined with white. Mandible with a large conical

cusp beneath. Apical spine of palpal bulb single, short, stout, curving

inward . oe ee ew ew ee ee ee ee ee ee + alboguttatus, sp. 2.

B. Tibia i. over three times as long as broad, with 2—2—2 spines in the

apical half. Carapace red-brown, abdomen whity-brown, both clothed

with white scales, the latter with a coriaceous plate on the anterior dorsal

area only. Apical portion of palpal bulb forming two subequal con-

spicuous cusps... ee ee ee longipes, sp. 1.

Nore.—H. pheniceus (Simon) is not known to me, and it cannot therefore be included in the Table.

1. Homalattoides roseus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 10, 10a, 6, 6; II,

lla, b, 2.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace and abdomen red-brown, with violet-pink iridescent reflections ; the clypeus and lateral margins of

the cephalic area clothed with white hairs. Abdomen glabrous, shiny. Leg i. incrassate, the tibia

atrongly so, and heavily fringed with black hairs beneath, the three pairs of spines situated in the anterior

half; the tibia and patella of all four pairs of legs with a narrow band of white scales on the inner side ;

leg i. brown, with white scales ; ii. with the protarsi yellow in the basal two-thirds ; ili. and iv. brown,

with the protarsi yellow, except at the apex. Mandibles and tarsus of palpus with a band of white

hairs across the middle. Tibial spur of palpus short, sharp, slightly curved, directed downward. Apex

of bulb with a longer black spine and on the outer side of it a shorter black cusp.

Female similar to the male. Leg i. incrassate. Carapace clothed with scattered azure scales (these are

possibly worn off in the male). Mandibles with two small teeth above and one large tooth below.

Protarsus iv. scarcely longer than the tarsus.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

A single adult male and an immature female are all that have come to hand of this

beautiful species.

2. Homalattoides longipes, sp.n. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 12, 12 a-g, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Carapace black-brown, clothed with scattered white scales, but without a decided white band round the

margins. Abdomen whity-brown, clothed with white scales, with an oval coriaceous plate on the anterior

dorsal area. Legs red-brown, clothed with scattered white scales (probably worn off in many places).

Protarsi and tarsi of legs ii., iii, and iv. yellow. Palpi brown, the femur clothed with white scales.

Mandibles unicolorous dark red-brown. ‘Tibia i. three times as long as its diameter, with 2—2—2

spines in the apical half. Mandibles with two small teeth above, and one large bifid tooth below.

Palpal bulb with a pair of subsimilar spines at the apex. Protarsus iv. nearly twice as long as the tarsus.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

3. Homalattoides alboguttatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXVIII. figg 13, 13 4,4, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, piceous, the abdomen red-olive-brown, both clothed with green and pink iridescent scales ;

the clypeus and lateral margins of the cephalic area thinly clothed with white scales. Legs i. red-brown,

ii., iii., iv. brown, with the base of the protarsus and the whole of the tarsus yellow; tibize with a spot

of white scales on the dorsal side towards the apex; patelle with a slight fringe of white hairs on the

anterior margin. Mandibles and palpi brown, without any white transverse bands.

HOMALATTOIDES.—COCCORCHESTES. 299

Leg i. incrassate; tibia with one pair of spines at the apex only, not fringed with hairs beneath. Mandibles

very stout, with a large bluntly pointed apophysis towards the base of the basal segment.

Apex of palpal bulb with a single stout curving spine.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

4. Homalattoides pheniceus.

Homalattus pheniceus, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 203 (¢ ?)’.

Hab. Mexico }.

‘This species is unknown to me.

COCCORCHESTES.

Coccorchestes, Thorell, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, xvi. p. 671 (1881).

Type C. rufipes, Thorell. Malay Archipelago.

General characters very like those of Homalattoides, the integument of the abdomen being coriaceous ; but the

sternum is produced behind between coxe iv. Tibia i. with 1—1 spines on the outer side beneath and

one on the inner side ; protarsus i. with 2—2 spines beneath. Tibia ii. with one basal spine beneath ;

protarsus ii. with one spine beneath; no other spines on the legs. Tarsi 1., ii., ili., iv. as long as or

longer than the protarsi (not shorter than the protarsi). Anterior row of eyes straight by their centres.

Males.

A. Carapace and abdomen with deep blue reflections. . . . . . scarabeoides, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Carapace and abdomen with deep green reflections . . . . . adjacens, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Carapace and abdomen with deep blue reflections. Vulva with a

triangular pale area near the posterior margin, but without any

square central chitinous piece. . . . . woe ew ee) .) SCarabevides.

B. Carapace and abdomen with deep green reflections. Vulva with a

triangular pale area near the posterior margin, which bears a

central square chitinous piece. . . . - . + + + se + adjacens.

Nors.—The females of both species are here described for the first time.

1. Coccorchestes scarabzoides, (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 14, 144, 2.)

Coccorchestes scarabeoides, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 121, t. 15.

figg. 8, 8a-g (3)".

Type ¢, deuterotype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 1:25, 9 1°75 millim.

Colour the same in both sexes, black, with brilliant shiny blue reflections.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion 1).

9. Coccorchestes adjacens. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 15, 15 a-d, 2.)

Coccorchestes adjacens, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 162, t. 20. figg. 4, 4a-d(o)’

Type d, deuterotype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 1:25, 2 2 millim.

Colour brown in the male, black in the female; both sexes with brilliant shiny green reflections.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith+); Costa Rica (Sarg).

296 ARANEIDEA.

The following genus was not detected in the collection till it was too late for

insertion in the proper place in the group Amycee (anted, p. 187) :-—

TOMIS, gen. nov.

Type 7. palpalis, sp. n. Mexico.

The type-species resembles Titanattus in the strong recurvature of the anterior row

of eyes, but the clypeus is much less than one-third of the diameter of an anterior

central eye. The genus enters the synoptic table on p. 187, which must be thus

modified for its reception :—

B.—i. Mandibles in both sexes with from 2—5 or 6—5 teeth, or 4 on upper

margin only.

a. Anterior row of eyes strongly recurved.

a’. Clypeus in the male not less than one full diameter of an anterior

Tiranattus, Peckh. |

centraleye:. 2.05 6 6 eee ee ee

b’. Clypeus in the male less than one-third the diameter of an anterior

centraleye . . 2. 1. 1 ee ee ee we eee ee) TOMI, gen. nov.

1. Tomis palpalis, sp.n. (Tab. XXIX. figg. 1, 1a, b, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Small eyes midway between the lateral anteriors and lateral posteriors. Mandibles with four teeth forming

a coalescent group on the upper margin; no teeth on the lower margin. Tibi i. and ii. with 2—2—2

spines beneath ; protarsi i. and il. with 2—2 spines beneath, iii. and iv. with two ring-like clusters of

spines, a basal and an apical group. Palpus very broad and compressed; bulb with a spine springing

from near the base on the outer side, its apex reaching the apical portion of the tarsal sheath; tibia with

a short sharp spur at its outer apex. Carapace clothed with orange-brown and white hairs, with a more

distinct marginal and central posterior band of grey hairs. Abdomen clothed with orange-brown and

white hairs, with a more conspicuous anterior central dorsal dentated band, followed by three or four

/“~\-shaped bars of grey hairs, and a large lateral grey blotch towards the apex on-each side; ventral area

fawn-colour. Legs yellow-brown, more or less suffused with black. Palpi margined with black, and

clothed with orange-brown hairs.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H.: H. Smith).

This species is related to the group containing Z%tanattus, Sidusa, and Amycus

(antea, pp. 191-219), but its generic position is very difficult to determine precisely.

The following genera and species of Salticidz are not represented in our collection,

so that it is difficult to assign them with certainty to their correct systematic position.

Copies of figures of the essential specific characters of several of them have been taken

from Emerton’s figures, published by Peckham :—

HASARIUS,

Hasarius, E, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1871, p. 329.

Type 4. adansonii (Aud. in Savigny). Egypt.

—]

HASARIUS.—NAGAINA. 29

Hasarius bellicosus.

Hasarius bellicosus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soe. Wise. ii. 1, p. 56, t. 5. figg. 2, 2a (?)'.

Type, 9, in coll. Peckham. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA, eastern part?.

FUENTES.

Fuentes, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 11. 2, p. 113 (1894).

Type F. pertinax, Peckh. British Honduras.

Fuentes pertinax. (Tab. XXVIII. fige. 16, 16a, 4, 3 ; 17, 2.)

Fuentes pertinax, Peckh. loc. cit. ii. 2, p. 118, t. 11. figg. 4, 4a-c (2), 4a-f(¢)’.

Type ¢, gynetype do, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 5°5, 2 7:5 millim.

Hab. British Honpuras, Belize !.

This species, distinguishable by the two white lines down the darker abdomen which

terminate in a few chevrons at the apex, evidently belongs to the group Marpissee,

but the generic characters are not sufficiently clear from the description to enable one

to place it satisfactorily.

BALMACEDA.

Balmaceda, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 11. 2, p. 100 (1894).

Type B. picta, Peckh. Guatemala.

The two species referred to this genus apparently both belong to the group

Marpissee.

Balmaceda picta. (Tab. XXVIII. figg. 18, 18, , ¢ ; 19,194, 2.)

Balmaceda picta, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 101, t. 10. figg. 1, la-e (¢), ldf(s)'.

Type ¢, gynetype Q, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 68 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA, east coast |.

Balmaceda punctata. (Tab. XXIX. figg. 2,20, ¢; 3, 2.)

Balmaceda punctata, Peckh. loc cit. p. 102, t. 8. figg. 8, 8a (9), 84,8¢(¢)".

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll, Peckham. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 6 millim.

Hab. Centrat America.

NAGAINA.

Nagaina, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iti. 1, p. 54 (April 1896).

Type IV. incunda, Peckh. Guatemala.

Peckham places this genus near Dendryphantes, so that it probably belongs

somewhere near Metaphidippus or the group here called Phidippee.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. 1I., December 1901. 2 et

298 ARANEIDEA.

Nagaina incunda. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 4, 2.)

Nagaina incunda, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 55, t. 4. figg. 10, 10 a—-c (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. GuateEMata }.

BAGHEERA.

Bagheera, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 88 (April 1896).

Type B. kiplingi, Peckh. Guatemala.

This genus is said by Peckham to be allied to Anoka, which I have placed in the

group Phidippee.

Bagheera kiplingi. (Tab. XXIX. figg. 5, 5a, }, ¢.)

Bagheera kiplingii, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 88, t. 7. figg. 1, 1 a-d (¢) °.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length 4-4 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA, eastern district !.

SHIRA.

Shira, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 85 (April 1896).

Type S. designata, Peckh. Panama.

Peckham regards this genus as allied to Anoka and Ashtabula; it probably belongs,

therefore, to the group Phidippez.

Shira designata. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 6, 2.)

Shira designata, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 86, t. 6. fig. 12 (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6:9 millim.

Hab. Panamal.

AVITUS.

Avitus, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 57 (April 1896).

Type A. diolent, Peckh. Panama.

Peckham states that this genus belongs to Simon’s group “ Diolenii ” (Compt. Rend.

Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, p. ccexxv).

Avitus dioleni. (Tab. XXIX. figg. 7, 7a, 3.)

Avitus diolenii, Peckh. loc. cit. t. 5. figg. 8, 3a-c (g)’.

Type, d,incoll. Peckham. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Panama },

AKELA.—COTINUSA. 299

AKELA.

Akela, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 94 (April 1896).

Type A. charlotte, Peckh. Guatemala.

This genus belongs, according to Peckham, to the group Homalattez.

Akela charlotte. (Tab. XXIX. figg. 8, 8a, 3.)

Akela charlotte, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 95, t. 7. figg. 7,7 a-d(3)'.

Type, ¢,1n coll, Peckham. Total length 3°8 millim.

Hab. GuaTeMata 1.

TULPIUS.

Tulpius, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. iii. 1, p. 86 (April 1896).

Type 7. hilarus, Peckh. Guatemala.

Peckham refers this genus to the Homalatte, but says that it most closely resembles

Sadala (Cotinusa, Simon).

Tulpius hilarus. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 9, ¢.)

Tulpius hilarus, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 87, t. 6. fig. 10 (?), t. 6. fig. 10a, t. 7. figg. 10, 10a (¢)’.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Peckham. Total length, ¢ 4, 9 4 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA}.

MESSUA.

Messua, Peckham, Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ii. 1, p. 93 (April 1896).

Type WM. desidiosa, Peckh. Panama.

According to Peckham, this genus belongs to the Homalattee.

Messua desidiosa. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 10, 2.)

Messua desidiosa, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 94, t. 6. figg. 9, 9a, t. 7. figg.5,5a(9)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Panama}.

COTINUSA.

Sadala, Peckham, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 52 (1888) (nomen przeocc.).

Cotinusa, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1900, p. 389 (Oct. 20).

Type C. bisetosa, Simon. Venezuela.

Cotinusa distincta. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 12, ¢ *.)

Sadala distincta, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 53, t. 1. fig. 70 (¢), t. 6. fig. 76 (¢)’.

Type, d, in coll, Peckham. Total length 5:3 millim.

Hab. Mexico}.

* The generic name is incorrectly written Continusa on the Plate.

300 ARANEIDEA.

EPIBLEMUM.

Epiblemum, Hentz, Amer. Journ. Sci. (1) xxi. p. 108 (1832).

Type #. faustum, Hentz. N. America.

Epiblemum albocinctum. (‘'ab. XXIX. fig. 13, 9.)

Epiblemum albocinctum, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wise. iii. 1, p. 84, t. 6. figg. 8, 8 a

(?) (April 1896) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 4:9 millim.

Hab. Nort America, Texas, La Blanca !.—Mexico, Refugio (Townsend 1); CENTRAL

AMERICA },

EUVOPHRYS.

Euophrys, C. Koch, in Herr.-Schaff. Deutschl. Ins. Heft 123.

Type E. frontalis (Walck.). Europe.

Kuophrys newtoni. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 14, 2.)

Euophrys newtonii, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 64, t. 5. figg. 10, 10 a (9)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6-5 millim.

Hab. Centrat America |,

Kuophrys ysabali. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 15, ¢.)

Euophrys ysobolit (sic), Peckh. loc. cit. p. 65, t. 5. figg. 11, 11 a (od).

Type, gd, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5 millim,

Hab. Guatemata, Yzabal !.

| ERIS.

Eris, C. li. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 189 (1846).

Eris (?) barbipes. (Tab. XXIX. figg. 11, 1la, 2.)

Eris (?) barbipes, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 55, t. 4. figg. 38, 38 a (2 ) (1888) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6-8 millim.

Hab. Mexico}.

Peckham quotes this species as doubtfully belonging to the genus Hvis, this latter

being placed by him, in 1895, amongst the Homalatter.

ATTUS.

Attus, Walckenaer, Tabl. des Aran, p. 22 (1805).

Attus infuscatus.

Altus infuscatus, Peckh. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc, i. 1, p. 73, t. 6. fi

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 6 millim,

Hab. Panama},

gg. 5,5a( 2) (1896)'.

ATTUS. 301

Attus cautus.

Attus cautus, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. vii. p. 92 (¢) (1888) *.

Type, ¢ juv., in coll. Peckham. Total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico},

No figure is given of this species, which is based upon a young male,

Attus aurantius.

Salticus aurantius, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ii. p. 480, t. 18. fig. 3 (2) (1833) ?.

Attus aurantius, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 420”.

Hab. Norra America 2.—Mexico?2; Guatema.a ! 2,

The figure given by Lucas perhaps represents the variety of Paraphidippus chrysis,

which has an orange continuous marginal border.

Attus limbatus.

Salticus limbatus, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ii. p. 481 ( 2) (1833) ’.

Attus limbatus, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 416 (¢) ’.

Hab. GUATEMALA ! 2,

Attus fuscipes.

Attus fuscipes, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 428'.

Phidippus fuscipes, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 153, fig. 1209 ( ) °.

Hab. Mexico ! 2,

Attus amabilis.

Attus amabilis, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 428°.

Alemena amabilis, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 178, fig. 1228 (¢) *.

Hab. Mexico ! 2.

Attus strenuus.

Attus strenuus, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 428°.

Hyllus strenuus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 164, fig. 1218 (¢) ’.

Hab. Mexico !?,

Attus pugnax.

Attus pugnax, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 428°.

Hyllus pugnax, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xin. p. 168, fig. 1221 (¢) *.

Hab. Mexico ! ?.

302 ARANEIDEA.

Attus nitens.

Phidippus nitens, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 154, fig. 1210 (3).

Attus nitens, Waick. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 428 °. a

Hab. Mexico ! 2.

PLEXIPPUS.

Plexippus, C. i. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 93 (1846).

Plexippus tzniatus.

Plexippus teniatus, C. Li. Koch, loc. cit. p. 121, fig. 1182".

Hab. Mexico}.

HABROCESTUM.

Habrocestum, E. Simon, Arachn. Fr. iii. p. 131 (1876).

Habrocestum dorsale.

Habrocestum dorsalis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 287, t. 7. fig. 12 (¢)".

Hab. Mexico, Hermosillo in Sonora}.

Judging from the figure of the palpus, one would suspect that this spider does not

belong to the genus Habrocestum.

MAVIA.

Mevia, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiv. p. 69 (1848).

Mevia coronigera.

Euophrys coronigera, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 221, fig. 1266 (2) °.

Mevia coronigera, Peckh. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. xiii. p. 344°.

Type, 2, in Mus. Berol. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA ?.—GuIANA, Cayenne’; TRINIDAD? ; ANTILLES.

AMYCUS (antea, p. 191).

Amycus flavolineatus.

Attus flavolineatus, Walck. Ins. Apt. iv. p. 428°.

Amycus flavolineatus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiii. p. 185, fig. 1234 (¢) (1846) *.

Hab. Mexico }2.

HABRONATTUS.—HOMALATTUS. 303

HABRONATTUS (ante, p. 241).

Habronattus simplex.

Pellenes simplex, Peckh. Bull. Wisc. Nat. Hist. Soc. (4) i. p. 220, t. 1. fig. 12 (2) (June 1901)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz}.

Habronattus placidus.

Pellenes placidus, Peckh. loc. cit. p. 223, t. 1. fig. 18 (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 7 millim.

flab. Mexico, Chihuahua !.

HOMALATTUS.

Homalattus, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vil. p. 476 (1841).

Type H. pustulatus, White. Sierra Leone.

Homalattus hispidus.

Homalattus hispidus, Peckh. Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc. (4) i. p. 229, t. 2. figg. 5, 5a (2)

(June 1901) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Peckham. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Rafael (Townsend 1).

Fam, PISAURIDA.

The spiders belonging to this family are so closely allied to the Agelenide and the

Lycoside that it is difficult to point out any really reliable distinguishing character.

The Lycoside, however, have no tibial spur on the male palpus, while this is always

present to a greater or less extent in the species of the other two families. The

species here included under the name Pisauride may be subdivided into various

genera; but it is possible that Cupiennius would be better placed in the Clubionide

under the subfamily Ctenine. This, however, cannot be done if the possession of three

tarsal claws be regarded of greater importance than that of claw-tufts. Simon holds

that this “ soi-disant griffe,” the third claw, whose existence I have already pointed

out [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 329], is merely a development of the base of

the rhomboidal sclerite (plantula) present in Ctenus, and that it has no analogy

with the third independent claw (“ griffe impaire indépendante”) of the Agelenide,

Pisauride, and Lycoside.

An extended and minute examination of the tarsal claws of numbers of examples

belonging to these and other families has convinced me that both the sclerite and the

hook-like development are homologous structures. The third claw is in every case

simply a hook-like development at the base of this sclerite, which has become atrophied

304 ARANEIDEA.

in the Clubionide or merely represented by a chitinous ridge, as in some Ctenine.

The sclerite itself differs in shape, however, in the Clubionide and the other families

mentioned, being in the former a simple rhomboid, in the latter bi-excavate at the

base and deeply emarginate at the apex; while the claw is more centrally situated in

Lycosa, more basally in Cupiennius. In Cupiennius the claw-tufts and the lobes

supporting them are very conspicuous, being absent in the Agelenide, Pisauride, and

Lycoside. It has apparently been developed proportionately with the atrophy of the

third claw and has materially affected the shape of the sclerite. Cuptennius is, so far

as one is able to judge at present, intermediate between the Clubionidee (Cfenus) and

the Pisauride (Lycoctenus).

Nore.—Figures of the tarsal claws of Ctenus scopulatus, Pocock (Tab. X XIX.

fig. 19), Heteropoda venatoria * (Linn.) (Tab. XXIX. fig. 20), and Lycosa tarentula,

Latr. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 21), have been added for comparison with those of Cupiennius

and Lycoctenus.

GENERA.

A. Anterior row of eyes very strongly recurved, producing a formula

similar to that in Ctenus.

a. Tarsi having a claw-tuft at the apex on each side. Protarsi iii.

and iv. scopulate beneath the apical fourth, and with a single

small spine at the apex. Tarsi ii. and iv. without rows of

spines beneath. Legs1,4,2,3 . . . . . . . . . . Cupiennivs, Simon.

6. Tarsi without claw-tufts. Protarsi iii. and iv. not scopulate

beneath, and with two small apical spines. Tarsi iii. and

iv. with a double row of small spines beneath. Legs 4, 1, 2,3. Lycocrenus, F. Cambr.

B. Anterior row of eyes straight, procurved or only slightly recurved,

not “ ctenoid.”

1. ‘Tarsi slender, but neither very long nor flexible.

a*. Lower margin of the fang-groove with four teeth . . . . Dozomupus, Latr.

b*. Lower margin of the fang-groove with three teeth.

1. The transverse space occupied by the anterior row of eyes

distinctly wider than that occupied by the central posterior

pair. Central posterio:s nearer to each other than to the

laterals, not more than one diameter apart.

a. Palpal bulb of male with a very long stylum, not spirally

coiled but free, curving across the bulb; with also on

the iuner side a long, compressed, sinuous process, and

on the outer side a long slender canula, finely and

transversely rugulose, usually dilate at the apex

6’. Palpal bulb of male with a long stylum spirally curled,

not free ; without any canula on the outer side

THaumasiA, Perty.

Tinus, gen. nov.

* Ant-a, p. 120,

CUPIENNIUS. 305

2. The transverse space occupied by the anterior row of eyes

not wider than that occupied by the central posterior pair.

Central posteriors much further from each other than

from the laterals, much more than one diameter apart. . Enna, O. P.-Cambr.

ii. Tarsi very long, slender, and flexible.

a’. Legs 4, 2,1, 3. Anterior row of eyes recurved. Tibiz i. and

li. with 5 pairs of spines beneath, the last pair small and

apical. Protarsi i. and ii. with 4 pairs of spines beneath. . Trecwauua, Thorell.

6’. Legs 4, 2, 3, 1. Anterior row of eyes straight. Tibiz i. and

ii. with 9 or 10 pairs of spines beneath, the last pair not

apical. Protarsii. and ii. with 8 or 9 pairs of spines beneath. Syn rRECHALEA, gen. nov.

Norr.—The spiders here included under Tinus appear to be very nearly allied to Drances, K. Simon * ; but

in the description of that genus it is expressly stated that the small apical spines beneath tibie i. and ii. are

absent. In mentioning the height of the clypeus in Thawmasia and Drances, two very closely allied genera,

M. Simon compares it with “area oculorum mediorum” in Zhawmasia, and “ oculis mediis anticis” in

Drances. It is impossible to compare the characters of the genera from such definitions. nna is, so far as one

ean gather, identical with Hesydrus, Simon (Sect. 2"). The type, H. palustris, Simon, belongs to Sect. 1°,

so that the spiders under Sect. 2* have no generic name.

CUPIENNIUS.

Cupiennius, E. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi. p. 109 (1891).

Type C. getazi, KE. Simon. Costa Rica.

Tarsal claws 3. Tibie i. and ii. with four pairs (2—2—2—2) of spines beneath, including the apical pair ;

also two lateral spines on each side (1—1) in both Q and g. No dorsal spines on tibie 1., ii., iii, or iv.

No spines on patellie i., ii., iii., or iv. 2, present oni., ii., ill. ¢. Protarsi i. and ii. with three pairs

(2—2—2) of spines, and i i., ill., iv. with a single, small, stout spine at the apex, beneath. Legs 1-2,

4,3. Lower margin of fang-groove with four teeth, upper with three. Second row of eyes procurved.

Lateral anteriors midway between posterior centrals and posterior laterals in the 9, much nearer the

former inthe ¢, but not in the same line. Central anteriors one-third smaller than posteriors. Ocular

quadrangle as broad as long, much narrower in front. Clypeus equal to one and a half diameters of

anterior centruls in 2, one diameter in g. A thick scopula present beneath tarsi and protarsi i. and ii.,

and apex of protarsus iii., absent bencath protarsus iv., present beneath tarsi iii. and iv. Patella and

tibia i. much longer than patella and tibia iv.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Size larger: total length 32 millim., carapace 14 millim. Femora i., ii.,

iii., and iv. with a median pair of dusky blotches (sometimes perhaps

obsolete). Central unca of palpal bulb evenly rounded behind.

Abdomen with a broad, black, ventra] band . . . . . « . gallei, Keys.

B. Size smaller : total length 15-20 millim., carapace 6°5-7 millim, Femora

of legs unicolorous, not blotched beneath with black. Central unca of

palpal bulb much produced behind. Abdomen either without or with a

very narrow, central, dusky band . . » foliatus, sp. n.

* The name Drances, Simon (1898), is preoccupied in Coleoptera (1889).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn, Aran., Vol. I1., Vecember 1901. 2Rf

306 ARANEIDEA.

Females.

A. Size much larger : total length 23-33 millim., carapace 10-13 millim.

i. Size larger: carapace 14 millim. long. Abdomen with a broad, black,

longitudinal, ventral band. Femora i., ii., ili., and iv. marked,

especially beneath, with broad black blotches. . . - + + + = - sallei.

ii. Size smaller: carapace 10-11 millim. long. Abdomen unicolorous

rufous-yellow beneath. Femora of legs not blotched with black.

a. Femora i. and ii., and iii. and iv. less conspicuously, clothed with short

bright crimson rust-red hairs beneath . . © - - + + ee + coccineus, sp. N.

b. Femora of legs with numerous minute brown speckles beneath,

and with a narrow dusky apical annulus.

a’. Carapace, abdomen, and legs clothed with orange rust-red hairs . getazi, E. Simon.

b/. Carapace, abdomen, and legs clothed with grey hairs . . . . . griseus, sp. 0.

B. Size still smaller: total length 10-18 millim., carapace 5-7°5 millim.

Ventral area of abdomen with a very narrow, central, longitudinal, black

band, often indistinct (perhaps sometimes obsolete). Vulva scarcely

longer than broad, central tongue anteriorly dilate, scarcely narrower

than the lateral pieces ». . . 1. 1 1 7 ee ee ee ee ee foliatus.

1. Cupiennius sallei. (Tab. XXIX. figz. 16, 16 a-c, ¢; 17, 17 a-t, 2.)

Ctenus saléi *, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 685, t. 2 (8). fig. 53 (2) (1877) ’°.

Cupiennius oculatus, E. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1891, p. 110 (¢ ) ’.

Ctenus mordicus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 100, t. 13. figg. 6, 6a ($),

7, 7a-e (3g) (1892) °*.

Type, 2, of C. saléi *, Keys., in Mus. Brit., total length 27 millim.; of C. oculatus, E. Simon ( @ ), in coll.

Simon, total length 26 millim.; of C. mordicus, O. P.-Cambridge (3), gynetype (Q juv.), in coll.

Godman & Salvin, total length (¢) 21 millim.

Examples in coll. Godman & Salvin, ¢ 32, 2 33 millim.

¢. Carapace entirely clothed with very short silky-grey pubescence, with a broad, central, longitudinal,

parallel-sided, darker band, and a marginal black line extending from the lateral posterior eyes to

the base. Legs clothed with thick, silky, golden-grey hairs; femora i., ii., iii., iv. dark flesh-colour,

beneath with a central pair of black blotches, more distinct on i. and ii. Abdomen olive-brown,

clothed with short black and golden-grey hairs or pubescence; ventral area with a broad, central,

longitudinal, black band. Mandibles clothed with golden-grey hairs in longitudinal bands, leaving black

interspaces.

. Coloured like the male, but much darker, the black pubescence being predominant. Abdomen rich

orange-mahogany, with a pale, central, basal, dorsal, narrow, longitudinal band extending to the middle,

followed on each side by two dull orange rounded blotches ; ventral area as in the male.

Palpi of male :—Tibia four times longer than broad, with a short, simple, bluntly-pointed spur on the outer side.

Palpal organs consisting of a dark central “ unca,” its apex pointed and compressed, evenly rounded

behind, not produced. On the inner side of the bulb is a broad, membranous, dull white sheath. These

portions of structure vary slightly in individuals.

Vulva of female longer than wide, with two broader, lateral, chitinous pieces and a narrower, central, parallel-

sided, pale, tongue-like piece, its surface finely corrugated.

* (Named after the French traveller, A. Sallé, and therefore incorrectly written.—Ep. |

CUPIENNIUS. 307

Hab. Mexico, near Vera Cruz and Cordova (Sallé!), Teapa, Orizaba (H. H. Smith) ;

GuaTEMALA?, Salina de Nueve Cerros (Sarg*); Honpuras; Costa Rica (Rogers) ;

Panama, Chiriqui (Champion).

2. Cupiennius coccineus, sp.n. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 18, 2 .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 23 millim.

Carapace and legs clothed with golden-grey pubescence and hairs. Sternum and coxe of legs pale chocolate-

brown. Femora i. and ii., and iii. and iv. less conspicuously, clothed beneath with bright crimson rust-

red hairs. Abdomen variable in colour: unicolorous brown or with a dorsal pattern very similar to that

of the male of C. sallei (see full figure); ventral area unicolorous, entirely clothed with golden-grey

hairs and pubescence. Mandibles black, clothed with three or four lines of pale hairs, Vulva similar in

general character to that of other species of the genus, but the central tongue-like piece is conspicuously

dilate behind.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

3. Cupiennius getazi.

Cupiennius getazi, K. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1891, p. 110 (¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 25 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica} (Mus. Brit.).

The vulva in this and the following species is shrunk and distorted, and therefore its

shape cannot be very well made out in the dried specimens before me.

4. Cupiennius griseus, sp. n.

Type, @, in Mus. Brit. Total length 23 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Underwood).

This species is precisely similar to the last, but is clothed with grey, instead of

fulvous-red, hairs.

5. Cupiennius foliatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 1, 1a, 3; 2, 2a, 9.)

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 15, 2? 18 millim.

3d Q. Carapace, sternum, and legs pale yellow, clothed with fine golden-grey hairs and pubescence; the

carapace with a broad, central, very slightly darker band, the margins also often dusky. Legs unicolorous

orange-yellow. Abdomen clothed with golden-grey hairs, having a broad, darker, dorsal band, deeply

outlined with black, extending to just beyond the middle, followed by very dusky, transverse, central

bars, with a pair of pale spots on each side. Ventral area dull yellow-brown, with a very narrow, black,

longitudinal, central bar.

Palpus of male :—Tibia four times longer than broad, with a short, external, inferior, bluntly-pointed spur,

very similar to that of C. salle, but the central ‘‘ unca” has a cusp behind.

Vulva of female longer than broad, the central tongue-like piece nearly or quite as wide as the lateral

portions, dilate anteriorly.

Hab. Nicaracua (Dr. Rothschuh); Costa Rica (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

2 Rf 2

308 ARANEIDEA.

LYCOCTENUS.

Lycoctenus, F. P.-Cambridge, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 95 (1897).

Type L. brunneus, F. P.-Cambridge. Lower Amazons.

Eye-formula “ ctenoid,” second row procurved ; lateral anteriors midway between the central and lateral

posteriors. Lower margin of the fang-groove with four stout teeth (sometimes three only). Tibie i.

and ii. with 2—2—-2—-2 spines beneath ; protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines and a single, central,

apical spine, and iii. and iv. with two apical spines, beneath. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. thickly

scopulate beneath; tarsi ili. and iv. alone scopulate, and also with a double row of short spines

beneath.

This genus is possibly synonymous with Ancylometes, Bertkau.

1. Lycoctenus bogotensis. (Tab. XXX. figg. 8, 3a, ¢; 4, 4a-c, 2.)

Ctenus bogotensis, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 684, t. 2 (8). fig. 54 (2) (1877) '.

Lycoctenus bogotensis, ¥. P.-Cambr. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 98, t. 4. figg. 11. b, 11.d (? )

(1897) *.

Lycoctenus colombianus, F. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 99, t. 4. fig. 1.4 (3).

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit., deuterotype, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin; of LZ. colombianus ( 3) in Mus. Brit.

Total lengths of examples in coll. Godman & Salvin, ¢ 22, 9 32 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—CotomBia °, Sta. Fé de Bogota} ?.

DOLOMEDES.

Dolomedes, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. xxiv. p. 185, column 2, line 82 (1804).

Type D. marginatus (De Geer) = fimbriatus, Clerck. Europe.

I have not seen any examples of this genus from Central America, but the spiders

here described under Lycoctenus are very similar in general appearance to the type of

Dolomedes, though the eye-formula is different.

1. Dolomedes minor.

Dolomedes minor, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 277, t. 17. fig.6(¢ 2)’.

Type do, gynetype @, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length, g 10, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

THAUMASIA.

Thaumasia, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras. p. 192 (1833).

Type 7. senilis, Perty. Brazil.

Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly procurved, centrals much larger, almost in contact with each other

and with the laterals ; posterior centrals less than a diameter apart, further from the laterals. Clypeus

varying in size from three times that of an anterior central eye to less than a diameter of one. Both

margins of the fang-groove tridentate, the posterior tooth on the lower margin more remote from the

others. Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines beneath, besides laterals on each side, no small apical

THAUMASIA. 309

spines. Protarsii. and ii. with 2—2—2 very long spines beneath, besides laterals ; protarsi of all four pairs

of legs with a single, small, central, apical spine beneath. Tarsi not flexible. Legs 1, 4, 2, 3, or 1-2, 4, 3.

The two species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

a. Clypeus as high as three diameters of an anterior central eye. Anterior

branch of tibial spur long (one-third the length of the tarsus), compressed,

dilate, geniculate basally, very slender anteriorly, sinuously curved, its

apex finely pointed, gently curving downward. Small central basal lobe of

bulb not bifid, rounded-rectangular, its inner anterior angle short . . . velo, E. Simon.

6. Clypeus not higher than one diameter of an anterior central eye. Anterior

branch of tibial spur long (one-fourth that of the tarsus), very broad, com-

pressed throughout, its apex bluntly pointed, forming a broad hook

abruptly curved downward. Small central basal lobe of bulb bifid, outer

branch larger, inner branch curved and very sharp . . . . . . . - wnecata, sp. n.

Nore.—More material would probably show great individual variation in these characters. Unfortunately,

we have but two males of 7’. velox from Central America. A specimen of the latter taken by myself on the

Amazons differs somewhat from them, especially in the shape of the central lobe of the palpus. It is

probable that this portion of the bulb will be found to be very variable in shape. If not, the Guatemalan

form may belong to a different species. I have identified 7’. velow, Simon, from his description and from the

above-mentioned male from the Amazons in the British Museum.

1. Thaumasia velox. (Tab. XXX. figg. 5, 5 a-c, ¢ .)

Thaumasia velox, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii. p. 18 (1898) °.

Type, g, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace and legs yellow, the former broadly margined with white pubescence. Abdomen olive-brown above,

with a short, anterior, dorsal, central, pale band.

Palpus of male:—Patella half as long as the tibia; the latter with a bibranchiate spur, its lower or outer

posterior branch short, divergent, pointed at its apex, and concave-lamelliform; the upper or inner

anterior branch much longer, extending one-third the length of the tarsus, sinuous, the base compressed

and concave, the apex bent outward, strongly curved downward, very slender and sharply pointed. The

small basal lobe is rounded-rectangular, its inner anterior angle sharper. The other long lobes, the

canula, and the stylum do not differ sufficiently in the two species of the genus before me to merit

description. ‘

Hab. Guaremata (Sarg).—Amazons 1.

The two specimens from Guatemala, from which the above description is taken, are

either identical with 7. velox, Simon, or belong to a very closely allied form.

9. Thaumasia uncata, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 6,64, ¢ ; 7, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7, 2 9 millim.

Carapace and legs yellow; abdomen darker in both sexes, exhibiting numerous cretaceous granules and

a clear, dorsal, anterior, lanceolate, heart-shaped mark.

Palpus of male :—Patella about half as long as the tibia, the latter having a bibranchiate apical spur, the

posterior branch short, divergent, lamelliform, concave, the anterior broad at the base, narrowing abruptly,

310 ARANEIDEA.

again widening along the inner margin, evenly rounded on the outer, or upper, margin, terminating in a

broad hook, its point directed downward. The basal lobe is long and conical, with a second small conical

projection at its base on the outer side.

Vulva of female consisting of a pair of large, convex, adjacent lobes, broader in front, narrower behind, not quite

reaching the genital rima, exhibiting on their outer margin a long, sinuous, black mark, and often another

beneath, marking the convolutions of the oviduct.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

TINUS, gen. nov.

Type T. nigrinus, sp. n.(¢). Central America.

Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly procurved; centrals larger, barely half a diameter apart, almost

in contact with the laterals; posterior centrals less than one diameter apart, further from the laterals.

Clypeus almost double the size of an anterior central eye. Both margins of the fang-groove tridentate,

the teeth on the lower margin being equal and equidistant. Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath

and a pair of small apical spines, besides lateral spines on both sides. Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2

spines beneath, besides laterals ; protarsi of all four pairs of legs with a single small apical spine beneath.

Tarsi not flexible. Legs 4, 2, 1, 3.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

a. Tibia of palpus not much longer than the patella; tibial spur not bibranchiate ;

spur broad, pointed, concave, with a small recurving barb on the upper

margin. Outer lobe of bulb much narrower, blunt-pointed at the apex.

Central lobe of bulb consisting of five or six pale discs oe ee

b. Tibia of palpus three or four times longer than the patella; tibial spur bi-

branchiate ; upper spur slender, curving forward, lower spur without the

recurving barb. Outer lobe of bulb much broader, rounded-dilate at the

apex. Central lobe of bulb consisting of three or four pale discs

nigrinus, sp. 0.

- . tibialis, sp. n.

Females.

a. The two convex vulval lobes divided anteriorly by a broad deep circular cavity ;

central tongue-like process larger, overhanging the cavity, connected with a

sinuous, pale, basal piece lying on the floor of the cavity .

. tibialis.

6. The two convex vulval lobes not divided anteriorly by a circular cavity.

1. Size much larger: length 15 millim. Central tongue of the vulva elongate,

concave above, pedunculate . . nigrinus.

2. Size much smaller: length 7 millim. Central tongue of the vulva repre-

sented by a small, black, convex, transverse piece, not pedunculate . minutus, sp. n.

1. Tinus nigrinus, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. fieg. 8, 8a, b, ¢; 9, 9 .)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 11, 2 15 millim.

dg. Legs unicolorous yellow. Carapace yellow-brown, with a broad, darker, central band, its margins scalloped,

having a very narrow, central, yellow stripe. Mandibles red-brown, suffused with black in front, basally.

Abdominal pattern obliterate.

©. Legs yellow-brown, femora and other segments more or less annulate with black. Carapace as in the male.

Abdomen yellow, with a broad, black, central, dorsal band, shghtly emarginate on each side before the

TINUS.—ENNA. 311

el and very deeply emarginate just behind it, then narrowed to the apex. Ventral area unicolorous

yellow.

Palpus of male :—Tibia only slightly longer than the patella, without any upper branch to the tibial spur.

Tibial spur broad, pointed, concave, with a small recurved barb on the upper margin. Outer lobe of bulb

narrow, bluntly pointed at the apex. Central portion of bulb consisting of a series (five or six) of pale disc-

like lobes, the outermost very elongate and extending forward ; a stout spine (or stylum), spirally curled,

lies at the apex of the bulb within the tarsal cavity.

Vulva of female consisting of two large, broad, adjacent lobes, having a small, central, anterior, oval, concave,

tongue-like process, but no large concavity.

Hab. Guatemaua (Sarg).

2. Tinus tibialis, sp. n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 10, 10a, 6, ¢ ; 11, ?.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 11, 2 15 millim.

The coloration and general characters, so far as one can judge from the two examples received, are almost

precisely similar to those of 7. nigrinus; but the vulva and palpus of the male are very different in form.

Palpus of male:—Similar in general character to that of 7. niyrinus, but the tibia is three or four times

longer than the patella, and has a long, slender, curved upper branch to the tibial spur; the lower branch

is concave and pointed at the apex, but has not a recurved barb. The outer lobe of the bulb is much

broader than in 7’. nigrinus, being broadly rounded at the apex. The central series of discs are similar,

but not so numercus (3 or 4) as in the last-mentioned species ; the spiral spine is very similar in form.

Vulva of female consisting of two large lobes, in contact behind, but divided anteriorly by a deep broad

concavity, in the centre of which lies a convex, rounded, lid-like process, divided backward, connected with

an internal, central, pale, sinuous process, lying on the floor of the cavity.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith).

3. Tinus minutus, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. fig. 12, ¢.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace and legs yellow, the former darker, with a narrow central and a single lateral paler band on each

side. Abdomen coloured as in the other species of the genus.

Vulva similar in general character to that of T. nigrinus and 1’. tebials, but with a narrow concavity in the

anterior half, in the centre of which lies a small, transverse, black, convex, chitinous piece.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

ENNA.

Enna, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 232 (1897).

Type £. veloa, O. P.-Cambridge. Central America.

Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly recurved; centrals larger, scarcely one-half of a diameter apart,

almost in contact with the laterals; posterior centrals at least one and a half diameters apart, rather over

half a diameter from the laterals. Clypeus as high as one and a half diameters of an anterior central eye.

Both margins of the fang-groove tridentate, the teeth on the lower one equal and equidistant. Tibiee i. and ii.

with 2—2—2 spines beneath and a pair of small apical spines, besides laterals on both sides. Protarsi i.

and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath, besides laterals ; protarsi of all four pairs of legs with a single, small,

central, apical spine beneath. Legs 4 (1, 2), 3. Tarsi not flexible,

1. Enna velox. (Tab. XXX. figg. 13, 13a, 8, ¢ ; 14, 2.)

Enna velox, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 232, t. 80. figg. 2, 2a-d (3),

3, 3a, b ( ? )*.

312 ARANEIDEA.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll.Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, 9 11 millim.

Palpus of male :—Tibia very broad, half as broad as long, much wider than the tarsus, three times Jonger than

the patella; tibial spur forming a large, broad, concave, lamelliform piece, its apex minutely bifid, the

upper branch acute, dentiform, the lower one broad, rounded.

Vulva of female consisting of a transverse oval area, with a posterior, central, oval-transverse, convex, tongue-

like piece, flanked on each side by a black chitinous piece, involuted behind, their surface finely and

spirally grooved.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith ?).

2. Enna jullieni,

Hesydrus jullieni, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii. p. 20 (1898) °.

Type, 9, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Panama (Jullien!)—VENEZUELA, San Esteban !.

Simon [Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) ii. p. 315] quotes this species as the type of the first

section of his genus J/esydrus, “tarsi pedum recti haud flexuosi,” and it is therefore

evidently congeneric with Enna velox.

I do not know this spider, nor are the characters given in the diagnosis sufficient

for purposes of comparison

TRECHALEA.

Triclaria, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiv. p. 101 (1848) (nomen prezocc.).

Trechalea, Thorell, Europ. Spid. p. 37 (1869).

Perissoblemma, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z.S. p. 773 (1881).

Type of Triclaria, T. longitarsis, C. L. Koch, Colombia; of Perissoblemma, P. thomisiforme, O. P.-Cambridge,

Amazons.

Anterior row of eyes recurved, centrals larger, half a diameter apart, almost in contact with the laterals ;

posterior centrals less than a diameter apart, further from the laterals. Clypeus variable in form, as high

as three diameters of an anterior central eye. Both margins of the fang-groove tridentate, the teeth on

the lower margin equidistant and subequal. Tibi i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2 spines beneath and a pair

of small apical ones, besides laterals on each side. Protarsi i. and ii. with 2—2—2 spines beneath and a

single, small, central, apical spine, also present on protarsiili, and iv. Tarsi very long and flexible. Legs

very long, 4, 2, 1, 3.

Mates.

A. Size smaller, carapace 5 millim. long ; tibial spur of palpus not longer

than broad, concave beneath, lamelliform .. . . . . . . . . . habilis, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Size larger, carapace 7-10 millim. long ; tibial spur of palpus much

longer than broad, not concave beneath or lamelliform.

a. Tibial spur, viewed from the outer side, strongly curved, compressed

on the inner side, with a sharp cusp at the apex. Size larger:

carapace 10 millim. long. Central posterior eyes half a diameter

apart ee extensa, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Tibialspur, viewed from the outer side, straight, rounded-claviform,

not compressed, without a cusp at the apex. Size smaller: cara-

pace 7 millim. long. Central posterior eyes one diameter apart . connexa, O. P.-Cambr.

TRECHALEA.—SYNTRECHALEA. o13

1. Trechalea habilis, (Tab. XXX. fig. 15, ¢.)

Triclaria habilis, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 188, 283, t. 22.

figg. 9, 9a-f( 5)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Guatemaus (Sarg ').

2. Trechalea extensa. (Tab. XXX. figg. 16, 16a,0, 3.) |

Triclaria extensa, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 174, 2338, t. 22..

figg. 10, 10a-f( 3)".

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 20 millim.

Hab, Guatemata (Sarg ').

3. Trechalea connexa. (Tab. XXX. fig. 17, 3.)

Triclaria connexa, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 238, t. 30. figg. I,

la-e(g)’. .

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith").

Nore.—Perissoblemma approximatum, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr-Amer., Arachn.

Aran. 1. p. 105, t. 14. figg. 4, 4a,6(9@)}.

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Ilab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

This spider, described from two immature females, is probably the young of a species

of Enna or Tinus.

[HESYDRUS.

Hesydrus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) ii. p. 315 (1898).

Type 4. palustris, E. Simon, Ecuador.

This Tropical-American genus differs from Trechalea in having the posterior central

eyes more widely separated, all four posterior eyes being also equidistant. The clypeus,

too, is subvertival, not porrect (sec. Simon).

It is inserted here for comparison, because I have identified Hesydrus (Sect. 2), type

H. jullieni, K. Simon, from Panama, as congeneric with Enna, O. P.-Cambridge. }

SYNTRECHALEA, gen. noy.

Type S. tenuis, sp. n.( 2). Central America.

This genus is closely allied to Zrechalea; but differs from it in having the tibie and

protarsi of the first pairs of legs much more numerously spinose beneath ; leg iii. is

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., Janwary 1902. 2sf

314 ARANEIDEA.

longer than i., and the tibie i. and ii. have no small apical pair of spines beneath.

The anterior row of eyes is straight or slightly procurved; the centrals are less than

one diameter apart, larger than the laterals; the posterior centrals are scarcely one

diameter apart, slightly further from the laterals. Clypeus twice as high as the

- diameter of an anterior central eye. Lower margin of the fang-groove with three equal

equidistant teeth.

1. Syntrechalea tenuis, sp. n. (Tab. XXX. fig. 18, 2.)

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

The entire spider yellow, clothed with white hairs ; the legs also with indistinct dusky annulations. Abdomen

suffused with olive-brown, with darker speckles (either the markings have been cbliterated or else there

is no decided pattern).

The vulva consists of a circular-oval area, with a central, convex, somewhat wedge-shaped-oval tongue, not

quite reaching the posterior margin.

Hab. Paxama, Bugaba (Champion).

Fam, LYCOSID.

As I have remarked elsewhere, it is very difficult to give any constant characters by

which this family can be distinguished from either the Agelenide or Pisauride. From

the former, however, the species here referred to it can be separated by the eyes being

in three rows, instead of two, and from both by the fact that the tibia of the male

palpus is never armed with a spur.

The genera referred to below may be recognized as follows :—

GENERA.

A. Tibiz iii. and iv. with a distinct stout spine at the base above, situated

slightly towards the inner margin.

i. Tibia i. with 2—2—2 short (in length equal to the diameter of the

segment, or not greater) spines beneath, the last pair apical.

Cephalic region without any distinct dark wedge-shaped mark within

a pale central band.

a. Carapace, seen from in front, precipitous at the sides. Labium

not longer than broad. Bulb of the male palpus with a variously

formed central process and no barb-like spur . . . . . . Parposa, Simon.

6. Carapace, seen from in front, oblique or rounded at the sides.

Labium longer than broad. Bulb of the male palpus without

any central process, but with a barb-like spur on the outer

margin . ech . . . . . . . Liycosa, Latr.

ii. Tibiai. with very long spines (longer than the diameter of the segment)

beneath, 2—2 in the female, the last pair median; 2—2—2 in the

PARDOSA.

male, the last pair apical. Cephalic region with a distinct, dark,

315

elongate, wedge-shaped mark within a central pale band . . . . Prrara, Sundev.

B. Tibie iii. and iv. without any spine at the base above (represented some-

times by a long stiff hair),

a'. Posterior spinners shorter than the anterior, the terminal segment

very short; anterior row of eyes not wider than the posterior

centrals 2. . 0... ee ee eee ew ee ew ee) 6 ARrotosa, C. Ti. Koch.

b'. Posterior spinners longer than the anterior, the terminal segment

longer; anterior row of eyes distinctly wider than the posterior

centrals . . 0. 0. ee ee ee ee ee ee ew ee) 6) 6 Sosrppus, Simon.

PARDOSA.

Pardosa, C. Li. Koch, Die Arachn. xiv. p. 100 (1848).

Type P. striatipes, C. L. Koch (selected by Simon). Europe.

The spiders included in this genus are those referred by Simon (‘ Les Arachnides de

France,’ and ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Araignées,’ ed. 2) to Pardosa. They differ from

those included under Tarentula in the precipitous sides of the anterior portion of the

carapace, and in having a variously formed process in the centre of the bulb of the

male palpus.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Central process of palpal bulb very long and comparatively narrow, extending

from the centre to the external margin of the tarsus.

i. Central process narrower at the base and with either an obliquely directed

or a circularly curved spine lying across and beneath it.

a. Central process directed obliquely forward, its apex bent inward towards

the bulb, but not backward, squarely or obliquely truncate; the spine

lying beneath the process circularly curved and very distinct

b. Central process strongly curved across the bulb, its apex bluntly pointed

and directed backward; the spine lying beneath it being indistinct and

obliquely directed . . . .

. Central process much broader at the base (though variable), narrowing to

the apex, directed straight across the bulb, its point directed downward

and slightly backward oe .

B. Central process of the bulb much shorter and broader.

1*, Central process of bulb with a long, stout, curved spur directed upward

from about the middle of its lower margin.

a’, Central process very much broader and more concave basally, its apex

forming a broad striate hook. Tibia and tarsus of palpi yellow, the

rest black . 2. . e+ ee © © 6 © ee

prolifica, sp. n.

longivulva, sp. n.

falcifera, sp. 1. *

flavipalpis, sp. n.

2sf 2

316 ARANEIDEA.

b'. Central process narrower, less concave basally, its apex forming a more

slender smooth hook. Palpi entirely brown or black . . .

2*, Central process of bulb without any spur on the lower margin towards

the base.

a’, Central process much smaller and less conspicuous, its apex hooked but

not directed upward and backward . . . .. - eo

6°. Central process larger and more conspicuous, its apex strongly hooked,

basally concave, directed upward and backward.

a’. Anterior process of bulb very large, transverse-elongate, punctate,

without any stout black spur (see figure on Plate) . . . . .

6°. Anterior process of bulb less conspicuous, but with a stout, black,

shining spur directed backward towards the central process

Females.

A. Vulval area exhibiting a more or less distinct small cap-like plate, concave

beneath.

I. Vulval area exhibiting a small cap-like plate, concave beneath.

i*, Cap-like plate situated on the anterior margin of the vulval area.

* Posterior margin of the cap-like plate simple, curved.

a, Vulval area not divided into three elongate lobes by a central

tongue-like piece.

a’, Posterior margin of vulva exhibiting, on the genital rima, a pair

of conspicuous oval or oval-quadrate orifices, divided by a

broader or narrower, chitinous, bridge-like septum.

1. Posterior orifices smaller in proportion to the length of the

vulval area, divided by a narrow septum, but without any

black bean-like pieces within. . . . . . .

2. Posterior orifices larger in proportion to the length of the vulval

area, divided by a broad septum, exhibiting within, lying on

the floor at the inner side of each, a black punctate bean-like

PIECE. ge eee eee ce

6‘. Posterior margin of vulva, on the genital rima, without any pair

of orifices.

a’. Vulval area (from the cap to the genital rima) shorter in

proportion. Central channel with a pair of dark, elongate,

parallel, bean-like pieces, one on each side in the posterior

Hialfst, 0. ae a ee ee ee

b*, Vulval area much longer in proportion. Central channel

without bean-like pieces, but with a small brown-red spheroid

on each side near the genital rima and another smaller one

anteriorly situate on each side . . . . . a

6. Vulval area divided into three elongate lobes by a central tongue.

like piece. © 2... ww we ee

uncatula, sp. n.

unguiferd, Sp. 0.

falcula, sp. n.

hamifera, sp. n.

prolifica.

falcifera.

uncatula.

longivulva.

linguata, sp. n.

PARDOSA. 317

** Posterior margin of the caprhike plate sinuous, more prominent in

the centre . . . . oe - oe 6 « . . plagula, sp. n.

i*, Cap-like plate situated about the centre of the vulval area. ww Cw ftavipalpis.

II. Vulval area exhibiting a modification of the cap-like plate to form a deep

central concave groove.

a’. Central groove longer. Posterior margin of the vulva with a distinct

1-shaped process, its narrow stem running forward along the floor of

thechannel. ©. 2 1 1 1 1 ee ee ee ee ee unguifera.

6°. Central groove shorter. Posterior margin of the vulva with a broad,

convex, oval-transverse piece . . . . . . . . - « . . SMineata, sp. n.

B. Vulval area without any distinct, small, cap-like plate anteriorly, nor modi-

fication of one. Vulva with a long, central, shallow channel . . . . . canalis,sp.n.

Nore.—The coloration of these spiders is so much alike in the various species and so variable amongst

individuals that reliable characters cannot be drawn from this source. It is possible also that some of the

males and females here described under different names may eventually be found to be of the same species,

but there is at present no sufficient evidence to justify this conclusion.

The characters of P. milvina, P. accurata, P. medialis, P. sabulosa, and P. bellona are unknown to me, and

cannot, therefore, be included in the table; unfortunately, the figures given by Banks render identification of

his three species mere guesswork, being insufficiently detailed.

1. Pardosa prolifica, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 19,19 a, ¢; 20, 20a, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, Q 7 millim.

Colour very variable in both sexes, becoming darker as the spiders advance towards maturity. In the

light-coloured varieties the carapace is brown, with a central pale band, dilated behind the posterior

eyes, but not extending into the ocular area. Abdomen brown, with pale speckles and a central,

anterior, pale, lanceolate bar, which is followed by a pair of pale spots on each side at its apex,

and by a central series of four pale spots, each with a pair of black setigerous spots. Ventral area

entirely clothed with white hairs. Sternum yellow. Legs yellow, annulated with black. Mandibles

yellow.

In darker varieties of the female and in the male sex the yellow colour is much obscured and the pale spots

on the abdomen become obsolete, while the legs are almost unicolorous brown, with only very faint

indications of annuli. In the vast majority of examples the sternum is black, with a narrow, pale yellow,

central line.

Palpus of the male deep black, especially the tibia and tarsus, which are clothed with a very dense covering of

short black hairs.

Palpal organs quite characteristic : the central process is very long, comparatively narrow, with a short black

spur at its base, strongly geniculate in its basal half, curving obliquely forward across to the outer

margin, where it is deflected and truncate; across and beneath it, about the middle, runs a conspicuous

black spine, its point directed backward and towards the outer side.

Vulva of the female usually longer than broad, but variable in form, consisting of a short, transverse, anterior,

. convex cap, concave beneath, and posteriorly a pair of cavities, whose chitinous margins are variously

conformed, usually rounded rectangular, the inner margins coalescent in the middle line, forming a central

bridge. A narrow longitudinal groove runs along the centre of the area, disappearing under the anterior

cap, and is formed by two broad chitinous pieces, whose posterior margins are sinuous and overlap the’

anterior part of the two cavities. Sometimes the central groove vanishes, leaving a broad, pale, central

area.

318 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, Omilteme, Mexico city (7. H. Smith); Costa Rica, San José

(Tristan). |

A very abundunt species.

2. Pardosa longivulva, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 21, 21a, ¢; 22, 2.)

Type 2, androtype d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 ¢, 4°5 millim.

Colour similar in both sexes. Carapace brown, usually with a central orange band, slightly dilate behind the

posterior eyes, and an indistinct, broken, submarginal band. Abdomen with a pale band down the middle,

very similar to that of others of the genus, formed of the lanceolate band and paired pale spots. Legs

yellow, faintly annulated with dusky brown. Sternum and ventral area of abdomen clothed with white

hairs. The colours in the male sex are similar, but there is much less of the pale tint.

Vulva of the female very elongate, with the usual small concave cap anteriorly, whence a shallow pale groove

runs down the centre. From the posterior margin an elongate wedge-shaped tongue runs forward up this

groove, being often slightly sinuous, much attenuated, and finally vanishing into the floor of the groove.

On each side of the posterior dilate portion of the tongue lies a larger spheroidal boss, and a little further

forward another smaller and less distinct one.

The vulva, at first sight, is very similar to that of P. uncatula; but there are in the present species no bean-

shaped lateral pieces, these being represented by the spheroids; and the distance from the cap to the

rima is very much greater.

Palpus of the male very similar in general character to that of P. prolifica; the central process, however, is

much more recurved and does not extend forward, but straight across to the outer margin of the tarsus ;

it is also slightly concave beneath, and presents a similar conical cusp at its base; moreover, there is no

curved spine crossing beneath it (as in P. prolifica), merely an indistinct straight one. Otherwise the

palpi of P. prolifica, P. uncatula, P. longivulva, and P. falcifera appear at first sight very much the same,

especially when viewed laterally from the inner side.

Lab. Mexico, Amula, Teapa (H. H Smith).

3. Pardosa falcifera, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. tigg. 23, ¢; ¥4, 24a, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6°5, 2 8 millim.

Colour in both sexes much the same, but that of the female is more distinct. Carapace deep black-brown,

with a dull orange central band, dilate behind the posterior eyes, the dilated portion having two small

brown blotches, sometimes coalescent, in the centre; and a narrow orange submarginal band, including

also the clypeus. Abdomen deep brown-black, with the usual pale lanceolate band, which is sometimes

followed by the usual pale spots, with the dark punctiform marks. Ventral area clothed with white

hairs. Legs deep orange-brown, the femora of all four pairs and the tibiso of iii. and iv. spotted and

blotched with deep black. Sternum orange, with the margins and a broad, central, oval spot black, the

latter coalescing with the marginal line posteriorly, having anteriorly a narrow, central, pale line not

reaching beyond the middle.

The colours in the male are much more obscure: the basal half of femora i. and ii. is entirely jet-black ;

femora iil. and iv. annulate; the rest of the legs bright orange. Palpi jet-black, densely clothed with

short black hairs.

Palpus of the male similar in general appearance to that of P. prolifica, but the form of the organs is very

distinct. ‘he central process is directed obliquely, but slightly, forward, its apex deflected and reaching

the outer margin of the tarsus, being very broad at the base, with a small black cusp set in a deep cavity

posteriorly, gradually tapering and terminating at the apex in a blunt point.

The vulva of the female is also similar to that of P. prolifica in general shape, and is very variable in different

individuals. It consists of the usual concave cap anteriorly, with, in the posterior half, two oval cavities

divided by a broad (variable), central, chitinous bridge, which has on its posterior margin a more conspicuous

pale triangular area, very small in var. 1 (fig. 24), very much larger in var. 2 (fig. 24a); within each

PARDOSA. o19

cavity, lying close under the margins of the bridge, is a dark, punctate, bean-like piece, of very variable

form. Figures of the two extreme forms are given on the Plate, but many intermediate varieties occur.

The two cavities in this species are much larger in proportion to the whole vulval area than in P. prolifica, and

in this latter species no black bean-like pieces are evident.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Orizaba, Cuernavaca, Mexico city (H. H. Smith).

4. Pardosa flavipalpis, sp. n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 25, 25a, b, ¢; 26, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 7 millim.

Colour similar in both sexes. Carapace rich chocolate-brown, with a central orange band, narrowed behind,

gradually dilate, terminating before the posterior eyes, where there are two small brown blotches,

sometimes coalescent within the pale band; a bright orange submarginal band, including the external

angles of the clypeus, the rest of the clypeus being brown, with a central yellow spot. Abdomen brown,

speckled with yellow, and with the usual lanceolate pale band, margined with black, and the dorsal

series of paired spots. Ventral area pale yellow, clothed with white hairs.

Legs bright orange, annulated with deep black.

Palpus of the male :—Femur orange, the whole middle portion black, patella and tibia orange, tarsus deep black.

The central process of the palpal bulb is very broad, transverse, and strongly uncate, or reflected down-

ward, concave at the base beneath, bearing a long (not easily seen) sharp spur, curving upward.

Vulva of the female very broad, having a little behind the middle of the area a central convex cap, from

beneath whose margin issues the narrow stem of a somewhat |-shaped process, its arms curving

forward, forming a small cavity on each side of the stem, where it joins the cross-piece. The position

of the cap at once distinguishes it from that of P. prolifica, to which at first sight it bears a general

resemblance.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

5. Pardosa uncatula, sp.n. (Tab. XXX. figg. 27, 27 a, ¢; 28, 2.)

Type So, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 9 6 millim.

Coloration in both sexes much the same as in P. prolifica, but in the majority of the males much lighter, the

abdomen having a broad, pale, central, foliated band, and the sternum usually pale yellow. The central

band on the carapace in both sexes extends up into the ocular area. ‘The colour of the palpi of the male

varies from brown to deep black, the tibia and tarsus being usually deep black and clothed with

moderately dense hairs, but these segments are not so large in proportion as in P. prolifica. The legs

are pale yellow and more or less distinctly annulate, sometimes in the male sex, however, they lose the

annulations almost entirely.

Palpal organs :—The central process, seen from beneath the segment, is short, broad, with a stout, black, blunt

spur about the middle of the posterior margin, and a stout hook at the apex. The process lies flat,

slightly obliquely, but its apex does not nearly reach the outer margin, nor does the black spine, which

is, however, visible, stretch across beneath it. Seen from the inner side, the hook of the process is

obviously a thin lamina and the apex looks quite sharp; the basal median spur is very conspicuous, as

is also another stout black spur on the anterior portion of the bulb. The tarsus is shorter in proportion

than in P. prolifica, broader and more globular.

The vulva of the female is characteristic, having the usual small concave cap anteriorly, with a broad, longi-

tudinal, central groove, which is somewhat dilate where it touches the posterior margin. In its posterior

half the groove passes between a pair of elongate, more or less regular, convex, parallel, bean-like bosses ;

but the variation in actual shape is so great; that it is impossible to give any single description or figure

which would hold good for all the forms. The elongate bean-like bosses are, however, constant.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, Frontera (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Cubilguitz, Choctum

(Sarg); Costa Rica, La Palma (Tristan).

320 ARANEIDEA.

6. Pardosa unguifera, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 1, ¢; 2, 2a, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 5°5, 9 9 millim.

Colour variable, but: similar in both sexes. Carapace brown, with a broad, central, orange band, scalloped on

each side, dilate laterally behind the posterior eyes, and constricted again behind the central stria, with

an orange marginal band, broken up into four quadrate spots. Abdomen brown, with a darker lanceolate

bar, flanked with pale spots on each side, followed by the usual central spots and a series of lateral

spots as well. Sometimes the marginal band on the carapace is obsolete and the central band very

obscure, and in some cases the dorsal area of the abdomen is entirely yellow, in others scarcely any spots

are visible.

Legs yellow-brown, indistinctly annulated with black. Sternum black. Ventral area of abdomen clothed

with white hairs.

Palpus of male dull yellow-brown. The central process of the bulb is very short, black, and hooked down-

ward at the tip, its apex falling a long way short of the exterior margin of the tarsus.

Vulva of female very characteristic, variable in form, being sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, consisting of

a deep central cavity (a modification of the usual small concave cap), anteriorly with a L-shaped process

on the posterior margin, whose cross-piece is sinuous on the inner margins, dilate at the extremities, while

the stem is very slender and extends more or less up along the floor of the central cavity, but the exact

shape of this is very variable.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

7. Pardosa falcula, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 3, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace and abdomen entirely brown, in one example the former has a slight pale central line and an

indistinct marginal band; ventral area and sternum clothed with white hairs. Legs bright yellow;

femur i. with a basal blotch of black on the inner side.

Palpus of male black. Tarsus short, globular; central process short, broad, concave at its base, strongly

recurved and hooked at the apex, being directed also obliquely backward. The anterior portion of the

bulb bears a transverse, elongate, punctate process, much larger than in any other of the species

described here. °

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

8. Pardosa hamifera, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 4, 4a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace brown, with the usual central and submarginal orange bands. Abdomen brown, with the usual

central pale band. Legs yellow, faintly annulated with dusky. Palpus black, femur and patella with

paler hairs, tibia and tarsus densely clothed with short black hairs.

Palpal bulb and processes very similar in general appearance to those of P. falcula, but instead of the large,

elongate, yellow, punctate lobe (at 6 on the Plate) there is a conspicuous black spur; nor is the bulb

nearly so broad and globular at the base.

' Hab. GuatEMaa (Sarg).

9. Pardosa linguata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 5, 5a, 2.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 millim.

Colour very dark. Carapace deep brown, with scarcely any trace of a marginal band, but with a central

yellow band, dilate behind the posterior eyes, and, usually, a pair of short, very narrow, adjacent,

parallel, pale lines in the ocular area. Abdomen very dark brown dorsally, with scarcely a trace of the

lanceolate band, but with a pair of, usually conspicuous, oblique pale bands on each side of it; the rest

PARDOSA. 321

of the dorsal area is either entirely dark or more or less mottled with yellow; ventral area clothed with

white hairs. Sternum black, with a very narrow, central, pale line. Legs orange, very broadly annulated

with deep black,

Vulva characteristic, exhibiting the usual small, anterior, concave cap ; posteriorly divided into three longi-

tudinal lobes by two shallow sinuous grooves, the central lobe being broad and tongue-shaped, narrowing

and bluntly rounded at the posterior margin, its apex not passing beyond those of the lateral lobes, which

are rounded on the external margin and gradually narrowed towards the genital rima; the three lobes

more or less rugulose, and somewhat variable in shape, but preserving their distinctive character.

Hab, Mexico, Amula (77. H. Smith).

10. Pardosa plagula, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace black, with a pale yellow central band, not dilate nor extending forward beyond the posterior eyes,

with a submarginal yellow band, including also the clypeus. Sternum yellow, with a broad V-shaped

central black spot, itself bearing a central yellow line in the anterior half. Legs orange, annulated with

deep black. ;

Vulva very simple, consisting of an anterior concave cap, whose posterior margin is very prominent in the

middle, concavo-emarginate on each side; from beneath the cap issues a broad tongue becoming wider

and more convex as it approaches the genital rima, where it is squarely truncate, and slightly depressed

in the middle.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarq).

11. Pardosa lineata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 7, 7a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Colour dark brown, with broad bright yellow marginal band, extending to and including the clypeus, and an

indistinct central band, not extending further than the posterior eyes, where it is abruptly narrowed.

Legs bright yellow, at most very indistinctly annulated or spotted. Abdomen brown, with a (always

noticeable) narrow, pale yellow, anterior line, which takes the place of the usual lanceolate mark ; this is

followed by the usual spots, which are, however, sometimes entirely obsolete. |

Vulval area broad-oval, with a deep, broad, central cavity (variable in shape) and a conspicuous, transverse-oval,

convex piece in the centre on the posterior margin.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. 4. Sinith).

12. Pardosa canalis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 8, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Colour bright yellow ; the central yellow bar on the carapace dilate behind the posterior eyes, with two small

branches extending forward between them, and the pale marginal bands are spotted and suffused with

brown on the outer border. Ventral area of the abdomen clothed with white hairs. Legs bright yellow,

more or less distinctly spotted and annulated with black.

Vulva characteristic, without any small concave cap anteriorly, but with a long, shallow, central channel

extending throughout the length of the area; posterior margin distinctly notched in the middle, with a

smaller less evident notch on each side; having also on each side of the posterior portion of the area

a narrow elongated duct, slightly dilate anteriorly, uniting posteriorly on the middle line in front of the

central notch.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H/. H. Smith).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., January 1902.

£4

$29 ARANEIDEA.

13. Pardosa milvina.

Lycosa milvina, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 392, t. 18. fig. 8 (1844)'; Spid. U.S.,

ed. Burgess, p. 33, t. 4. fig. 5°.

Pardosa milvina, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 273°.

Hab. Norvu America, Alabama! 2.—Mexico, Tepic, Orizaba 3,

14. Pardosa accurata.

Pardosa accurata, Becker, Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxx. p. xxiv ($) (1886) *.

Hab. Mexico}.

15. Pardosa sabulosa.

Pardosa sabulosa, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 273, t. 16. fig. 28 (?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic 1.

16. Pardosa medialis.

Pardosa medialis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 278, t. 16. fig. 29 (2) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic!.

17. Pardosa bellona.

Pardosa bellona, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 275, t. 16. fig. 21 (3 3)’.

Type 3d, gynetype 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length, ¢ Q, 5°1 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas '.

LYCOSA.

Lycosa, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. xxiv. p. 185, column 2, line 38 (1804).

Type L. tarentula (Fabr.). Europe.

Under this generic name have been included the spiders usually recognized under

the genera Tarentula, Trochosa, and Lycosa, since it is almost impossible to separate

them into satisfactory groups.

‘Lhe species known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

I. Protarsus iv. scopulate at the apex beneath. Abdomen with a continuous,

dentated, dark band reaching from the base to the spinners . . . . insiynis,O. P.-Cambr.

Il. Protarsus iv. not scopulate beneath. Abdominal dorsal band not con- .

tinuous to the spinners.

A. Ventral area of abdomen more or less banded with black.

LYCOSA. 323

a. Ventral area with broad, black, central band, sometimes divided in

the middle.

1. Ventral broad black band not divided in the middle line. Lamina

of palpal bulb with a sharp obliquely directed barb . . . . ventralis, sp. n.

2. Ventral broad black band divided in the middle line for two-thirds

of its length by a narrow white bar. Lamina of palpal bulb

with a blunt hook-like barb directed at right mgs from the

basal portion . . . . uncata, sp. n.

6. Ventral area without a broad black band, but with a narrow ‘dusky

central bar reaching two-thirds to the spinners . . . . . . dilatata, sp. n.

B. Ventral area of abdomen unicolorous yellow or yellow-brown.

a’. Tarsi i. and ii. shorter in proportion, distinctly curved, and with

the protarsi more densely scopulate beneath. Carapace longer

than protarsus iv., as long as tibia+ patella iv.

1*. Central pale band on carapace narrowed towards the ocular

area, through which it runs asa fine point . . . . . . . 6drevitarsis, sp. n.

2*, Central pale band on carapace not narrowed towards the ocular

area, but dilate behind the eyes and occupying the whole

ocular area. 2. 6 ee ee . oe ee . . constricta, sp. n.

b'. Tarsi i. and ii. longer in proportion, straight, slender, and with

the protarsi only slightly scopulate beneath. Carapace shorter

than protarsus iv., and shorter than tibia+patellaiv. . . . « Jdongitarsis, sp. n.

Females.

A. The whole spider, except the carapace posteriorly, clothed with short

semierect scattered silky hairs. Abdomen with a uniform dull dentated

band running down the whole length of the dorsal line. Protarsus iv.

scopulate throughout. . . . 2 oe ee ee ee) Airsuta, sp. n.

B. The spider not clothed with short ‘silky hairs. Abdomen with a dark

lanceolate basal longitudinal central bar, followed by spots or A-shaped

marks. Protarsus iv., at most, slightly scopulate at the apex beneath.

I. Ventral area of abdomen either entirely black or with one or more

longitudinal black or dusky bands.

a. Ventral area entirely black.

a*, Sternum and coxe of legs suffused with black.

1. Mandibles black, with some ferruginous-grey hairs in front,

aud a conspicuous narrow marginal band of the same. Stem

of central L-shaped process of vulva very broad at the junc-

tion, broadly dilate to the hase . . . . . + . . brunnea, sp. n.

2. Mandibles brown, with some ochreous hairs in front, but no

marginal band. Stem of central L-shaped process of vulva

narrow at the junction, not dilate, but parallel-sided . . . subfusca, sp. n.

b*, Sternum and coxe of legs suffused with dull yellow-brown.

a. Vulval area as long as, or a little longer than, broad.

324 ARANEIDEA.

a’. Vulval area as long as broad. Cross-piece of central

L-shaped process distinctly longer than the stem. . . ¢ransversa, sp. n.

6°. Vulval area a little longer than broad. Cross-piece of

central L-shaped process not longer than the stem . . ventralis.

6%. Vulval area much longer than broad. Stem of central

L-shaped process considerably longer than the cross-piece . lengivulva, sp. n.

b. Ventral area black, but divided fongitudinally by one or more pale

lines.

a’. Ventral area with a pale, wedge-shaped, central band, having

a dark narrow band on each side. Vulval cavity much

broader, as broad. on each side as the stem of the central

1-shaped process; the latter dilate, but angular just before

the middle. . . . 2... we ee we ee ee. Lativulva, sp. 2.

b°*. Ventral area with a narrow, dusky, central band, reaching two-

thirds to the spinners, surrounded by a pale area. Vulval

cavity not -so wide, much narrower on each side than the

stem of the central L-shaped process; the latter broadly and

circularly dilate in the middle . . . . ~ . 6 + . adilatata.

II. Ventral area of abdomen unicolorous yellow or yellow- brown, or simply

spotted with brown.

i, Ventral area unicolorous yellow or yellow-brown.

a’. Leg iv. shorter in proportion ; protarsus iv. shorter than the cara-

pace. Vulval area as broad as, or broader than, long.

1*, Vulval area as broad as long. Central L-shaped process much

broader at the junction of the stem and cross-piece, gradually

but broadly dilate to the base. Central pale band on carapace .

narrowed to the ocular area, terminating in’a point . . . . brevitarsis.

. Vulval area broader than long. Central L-shaped process much

narrower, or constricted, at the junction of the stem and cross-

piece, abruptly and broadly dilate to the base. Central pale

band on carapace not narrowed but dilate behind the posterior

eyes and occupying the whole ocular area . . . . . ) . .~ constricta.

b*. Leg iv. longer in proportion; protarsus iv. longer than the cara-

pace. Vulval area longer than broad. Central L-shaped process

much longer and narrower in the stem, almost parallel-sided . . longitarsis.

ii. Ventral area ferruginous, but speckled with brown . . . . . . guttatula, sp. n.

1. Lycosa insignis. (Tab. XXXI. fige. 9, 9a, 3.)

Trochosa insignis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 272, t. 38. figg. 7, 7 a-e

(3)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 16 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José (Tristan & Biolley +).

‘This spider is in all probability the male of ZL. scutu/ata, Hentz, if one may judge

from a female thus labelled by Emerton in the British Museum.

LYCOSA. 325

2. Lycosa hirsuta, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 10, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 25 millim.

Colour entirely dusky brown; the whole spider, except the posterior portion of the carapace, clothed with

short, pale, scattered, semierect, silky hairs. Carapace without distinct pale bands. Sternum, coxa, and

femora of legs black ; tibia iv. with an apical dark annulus. Abdomen with an indistinct, dorsal, central,

more or less dentated, black band, extending from the base to the spinners, with a dull pale band on each

side ; ventral area speckled with brown and with a more or less distinct, broad, wedge-shaped, central,

dusky band. Ocular area clothed in front with fulvous hairs; mandibles black, with yellowish hairs on

the sides and in front. Protarsus iii. scopulate beneath throughout. Anterior row of eyes procurved,

slightly narrower than the second row, the eyes of the latter less than one diameter apart. ‘Tibia and

patella i. as long as tibia and patella iv. taken together, and as long as the carapace.

Vulval area longer than broad; vulval cavity only slightly wider on each side than the central L-shaped

process, whose stem is slightly longer than the cross-piece, narrow and parallel-sided.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Sinith).

3. Lycosa subfusca, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fiz. 11, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length (large @ ) 16 millim.

Carapace brown, clothed with grey hairs, with an ill-defined, pale, submarginal band and a central pale band

dilate towards and between the posterior eyes ; having a pair of narrow, longitudinal, dark lines in the

dilated portion. Abdomen mouse-grey, with a tinge of ochreous above and on the sides; with an

indistinct, basal, central, lanceolate, dark band, bordered with pale ochreous, followed by a series of very

slender, transverse, “\-shaped, pale lines, their extremities dilate; ventral area entirely black. Legs

ochreous, with very faint traces of dusky annulations, a single spot near the apex of tibia iv. above being

more conspicuous. Sternum and coxe black. Mandibles brown, with some ochreous hairs in front and

on the sides. Patella and tibia i. shorter than patella and tibia iv. and than the carapace.

Vulval area a little longer than broad; cross-piece of the central L-shaped process broad, with a depression

on each branch, as long as the stem, which is narrow and parallel-sided.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo, Amula, and Omilteme in Guerrero (7. I. Smith).

4. Lycosa brunnea, sp.n. (Tub. XXXI. figg. 12, 12a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 27 millim.

Carapace dark brown, with indistinct marginal pale bands and a more distinct, central, pale band, narrow at

the base, gradually dilate towards the ocular area. Legs brown, somewhat ferruginous above. Mandibles

black, with a narrow marginal band of ferruginous hairs and some anterior basal hairs of the same colour.

Abdomen with the typical Tarentuloid markings: dark shoulder-spots, a central lanceolate black bar with

short lateral branches, followed by some central spots, the shoulder-spots being continued laterally, broken

behind the middle, followed by a black spot on each side, set posteriorly with some white hairs; lateral

area fulvous, especially anteriorly ; ventral area deep velvety black. Sternum and coxe black.

Anterior row of eyes slightly procurved, almost straight, scarcely narrower than the second row, whose eyes

are rather over halt a diameter apart. Tibia and patella i. as long as tibia and patella iv., slightly longer

than the carapace.

Vulval area as broad as long; stem of the central L-shaped process not longer than the cross-piece, very broad,

dilate to base.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (//. H. Smith); Guatemata, Tikal, Menché, Cahabon (Sarg).

5. Lycosa transversa, sp. n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 13, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. ‘Total length 18 millim.

326 ARANEIDEA.

Coloration similar to that of L. brunnea, but in the single specimen received (an adult female with an egg-

cocoon) the markings are very much obscured, as is often the case with examples which have deposited

their eggs. Sternum and legs not suffused with black. Eyes and other characters as in L. brunnea.

Vulval area slightly broader than long, cross-piece of the central L-shaped process distinctly longer than the

stem, which is moderately narrow at the junction, but broadly dilate to the base.

flab. GuateMata (Sarg).

6. Lycosa ventralis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 14, 14a, @.)

Type do, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 13, 2? 16 millim.

Colour of the male practically the same as in ZL. wncata, but the sternum and coxe of thé legs are yellow-

brown and the entire ventral area is black; the mandibles light red-brown, clothed with grey hairs.

Structurally, the two spiders are also very similar, except that the barbiform process of the palpal bulb is

more slender, the barb very sharp, longer when viewed from the outer side, when viewed from above and in

front presenting itself as a narrow sharp lamina, obliquely situated with respect to its basal portion.

Tibie i. and ii. with a dorsal apical spine.

The coloration of the female is very similar to that of the male. The stem of the central L-shaped process of

the vulva is much broader where it joins the cross-piece than is the case in L. dilatata.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

7. Lycosa longivulva, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 15, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 20 millim.

Coloration and general structure as in L. brunnea, except that the sternum and legs are not suffused with

black. Vulval area much longer than broad, the stem of the central L-shaped process distinctly longer

(it looks much longer than really so by measurement) than the cross-piece, narrow at the junction, slightly

dilate beyond the middle, again narrowing to the base.

fab. Guatemaa, Jalapa (Sarg).

8. Lycosa lativulva, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig 16, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 20 millim.

Colour almost as in L. guttatula, but the central band on the carapace is narrow towards the base and strongly

dilate in front behind the eyes, occupying also the whole ocular area; there is also a very narrow, but

distinct, pale marginal line. The ventral area of the abdomen has a pale, wedge-shaped, central bar, with

a dark bar on each side of it. Vulval area broader than long, almost circular, the stem of the L-shaped

process longer than the cross-piece, which is narrow, strongly dilate towards the base, and again narrowed.

yes and other characters as in Z. guttutuia.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

9. Lycosa dilatata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 17, 17a, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 14, © 17 millim.

Colour in the male like that of Z. ventralis, except that the ventral area is pale, with a paler broad median

band, having a narrower central dusky band running from the genital rima to the spinners. Structurally,

too, the spiders are similar, except that in the present species the barbiform process of the palpal bulb is

much longer when viewed from the outer side, otherwise almost identical in form Tibi i. and ii.

without dorsal apical spine.

‘The female is similar to the male in colour and general structure. The stem of the central 41-shaped process

of the vulva is, however, much constricted at its junction with the cross-piece, abruptly broadening,

forming a circular dilatation.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. ZH. Smith).

LYCOSA. 327

10. Lycosa brevitarsis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 18, ¢.)

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 12, ? 15 millim.:

Carapace brown, with an indistinct, broken, submarginal, yellow band and a distinct, similarly coloured, central

band, slightly constricted at the base of the cephalic region and again at the posterior eyes, narrowed

from the central stria to a point terminating behind the anterior central eyes, with a short pale line on

each side in the cephalic area.

Abdomen variable in colour: usually olive-brown, with a darker shoulder-spot and a dark, anterior, central,

lanceolate, dorsal bar, followed by a series of indistinct yellow chevrons, the anterior ones disconnected in

the middle. Sternum and legs yellow-brown, the latter sometimes indistinctly annulate and brighter on

the upperside. The palpal bulb presents a barb-like spur similar to that present in other allied species.

Anterior row of eyes very slightly procurved, almost straight, slightly narrower than the second row. Tarsi i.

and ii. short, as long as, but not longer than, the sternum, distinctly but slightly curved, and with the

protarsi densely scopulate beneath. ‘Tibie i. and ii. without dorsal apical spine. Leg iv. short, its

protarsus not longer than the carapace.

Coloration of the female similar to that of the male, but the yellow chevrons on the abdomen are usually more

distinct, Vulval area broader than long, but not so large in proportion as in L. constricta, with the stem

of the L-shaped process broad at its junction with the cross-piece and broadly dilate to its base. Leg iv.

similar in proportion to that of the male, short, tibia and patella iv. and protarsus iv. being not longer

than the carapace.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Tecpan (Sfoll), Cubilguitz (Sarg) ;

Panama, Chiriqui (Champion).

11. Lycosa constricta, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 19, 2.)

Type od, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length, ¢ 9, Q 11 millim.

Coloration as in ZL. brevitarsis in both sexes, except that the central pale bar on the carapace is not narrowen

at the cephalic region, but dilate, and occupies the whole ocular area. The dilatation is produced by the

obliteration of the short dark lines and the fusion of the central portion with the lateral, short, curved, pale

lines. This difference might be regarded as due to individual variation, were it not for the great

difference in the form of the vulva.

Hab. GuatemMa.a, Tecpan (Stoll).

12. Lycosa longitarsis, sp. n. (Lab. XXXI. fig. 20, 9.)

Type d,gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 11, Q 14 millim.

Colour very similar to that of Z. brevitarsis, but on the whole paler; the carapace has the central line narrowed

from the base forward, terminating in a sharp point between the posterior central eyes, with, usually,

a, small curved pale line on each side in the posterior cephalic portion; the submarginal pale bar is more

distinct. The markings on the abdomen are paler, while, usually, the lanceolate bar is dark and followed

to the spinners by a series of yellow chevrons, the anterior pair disconnected in the middle.

Structure also similar, but tibia i. andii., usually with a small, dorsal, apical spine. Tarsii. and ii. long, nearly

one-half longer than the sternum, straight, slender, and with the protarsi scarcely scopulate beneath.

Leg iv. long, the protarsus longer than the carapace, as also are tibia+ patella iv.

Palpal bulb with a sharp barb-like spur similar in form to that of the allied species.

Coloration of the female similar to that of the male. Vulval area longer than broad, with the stem of the

i-shaped process more slender and longer in proportion, not dilate. Leg iv. longer in proportion ;

carapace shorter than patella and tibia iv. together, not longer than protarsus iv.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Tecpan (Stoll); Costa

Rica, San José (Zogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Champion).

328 ARANEIDEA.

13. Lycosa guttatula, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. fig. 21, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 22 millim.

Carapace deep brown, with a pale narrow submarginal bar, and a narrow central pale bar narrowing again

suddenly behind the posterior eyes and terminating in a point behind the anterior central eyes. Abdomen

brown, with the usual dark basal lanceolate band, but the other markings, if any, are indistinct. Ventral

area rufous-grey, speckled with small, widely scattered, dark spots. Jegs red-brown; sternum darker

brown; coxe red-brown, suffused apically with darker brown. Mandibles black, with a few pale hairs.

Vulval area longer than wide, the cavity broad, circular; stem of the central L-shaped process slightly longer

than the cross-piece, narrow, parallel-sided.

Tibia and protarsus i. rather shorter than tibia and protarsus iv.; carapace equal in length to the latter.

Anterior row of eyes nearly straight, almost as wide as the second row, whose eyes are rather over half a

diameter apart.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

14. Lycosa uncata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXL. figg. 22, 22a,b, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 14 millim.

Carapace rich chocolate-brown, with a broad, ill-defined, marginal band of grey hairs and a central band of the

same, narrow behind, gradually widening forward (slightly constricted at the base of the cephalic area,

and again opposite the posterior eyes), occupying the entire ocular area; bearing in the postcephalic

section a curved, dark, submarginal line on each side. Mandibles brown, with a line of fulvous hairs on

the outer margins. Abdomen fulvous-grey, with an anterior rich brown shoulder-spot, continued, but

more or less broken, along the sides to the spinners, where in the apical fourth section is a tuft of grey

hairs, set in a brown spot; dorsally there is a central anterior brown lanceolate band, barbed on each side

about the middle, rounded anteriorly, squarely truncate behind, followed by one or more small, triangular,

brown spots above the spinners; lateral area grey; ventral area black, with a central, narrow, grey band

extending from the genital rima to about one-third from the spinners. Sternum and coxe black. Legs

dull yellow-brown beneath, clothed above with fulvous-grey hairs.

Anterior row of eyes procurved. Tibiz i. and ii. with an apical dorsal spine. Tibia of palpus twice as long

as broad, one-third longer than the patella; tarsus almost as long as both these segments together.

The barbiform process of the palpal bulb is stout, the barb blunt and uncate and, viewed from the outer

side, very short; viewed from above and in front it presents itself as a broad blunt lamina, almost at right

angles to its basal portion.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

15. Lycosa scutulata,

Lycosa scutulata, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 390, t. 18. fig. 2 (1844); Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 2687.

Hab. Norta America 1.—MeExico, Tepic ?.

Immature examples only recorded.

16. Lycosa coloradensis.

Lycosa coloradensis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 2687.

Hab. Nortu America, Colorado !.—Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas !.

A female from Mexico (not quite adult), probably belonging to this species, is

recorded.

LYCOSA.—PIRATA. 329

17. Lycosa adusta.

Lycosa adusta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 268, t. 16. fig. 31 (¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 11 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas !.

18. Lycosa concolor.

Lycosa concolor, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 269, t. 16. fig. 25 (?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 21°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

19. Lycosa persimilis,

Lycosa persimilis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 270, t. 17. fig. 2 (g 9)".

Type d, gynetype 9, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length, ¢ 10, 9 16 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornia }1.—MeExico, Tepic}.

20. Lycosa injusta.

Lycosa injusta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 270, t. 17. fig. 1 (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 22 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Hermosillo, San Miguel de Horcasitas !.

21. Lycosa futilis.

Lycosa futilis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 271, t. 16. fig. 82 (3 9)".

Type 3, gynetype 9, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length, ¢ 10°5, 9 11-2 millim.

Hab. Lower Cautrornia 1.—Mexico, Orizaba, Motzorongo, Tepic?.

22. Lycosa mexicana.

Lycosa mexicana, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 271, t. 17. fig. 3 (go 9)’.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length, g 14, 9 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz}.

PIRATA.

Pirata, Sundevall, Consp. Arachn. p. 24 (1838).

Type P. piraticus (Clerck). Sweden.

The species included in this genus may be recognized by the constantly present

wedge-shaped patch in the centre of the pale band on the carapace, and by the long

spines on the legs. ‘They are always found in swampy localities, and are clothed

with a thick coat of water-proof hairs.

Only a single species has hitherto occurred in Central America.

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IL., January 1902. 2 ut

330 ARANEIDEA.

1. Pirata felix. (Tab. XXXL. fig. 23, ?.)

Pirata feliz, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 248, t. 33. figg. 6, 6 a-d ( 9)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith 1); GUATEMALA (Sarg).

ARCTOSA.

Arctosa, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xiv. p. 123 (1848).

Type A. cinerea (Fabricius). Europe.

The spiders here included under Arctosa are congeneric with Aranea cinerea, Fabr.

These, too, are species which are found close to the water-side, amongst the rocks and

boulders of partially dried river-beds.

They may be distinguished from the other genera here referred to (except Sosippus)

by the absence of the stout spine at the base of tibiz iii. and iv.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows :-—

' Males.

i. Sternum yellow-brown. Carapace equal in length to or shorter than protarsus iv.

Characteristic lamina of palpal bulb much more slender and forming three

branches.

a. Size larger: length 14 millim. Legs more densely clothed with sie sine

hairs . .. . . oe trifida, sp. n.

b. Size smaller: length - millim. Legs less “densely clothed with water- --proof

hairs . . . « . . . . soe » « « minutia, sp. 0.

. Sternum suffused with black, Carapace equal i in length to the ssrotakans and

half of tarsus iv. Characteristic lamina of palpal bulb much stouter, with a

conspicuous, oblique, transverse carina terminating on the inner side ina blunt

hook-like point. 2. 6 6. 6 8 6 ee ee ew ew ee we. Cinerea, Fabr.

Females.

i. Vulva with a decided J-shaped central process, with the lateral cavities much

smaller.

a. Size larger: length 15 millim. Stem of the central ]-shaped process of

vulva longer and narrower in proportion to the cross-piece . . . . trifida.

b. Size smaller: length 7 millim. Stem of the central |-shaped process of

vulva shorter and broader in proportion to the cross-piece. . . minuta

ii. Vulva without a decided [.-shaped central process, but with two broad lateral

cavities obliquely directed forward, separated by a very narrow septum . . cinerea.

Norr.—Trochosa mexicana and 7. parva, Banks, are unknown to me, and cannot be included in the Table

They are left for the present under Arctosa. 7

1. Arctosa trifida, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 24, ¢; 25, 25a, 9.)

Type d, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 14, 2 15 millim,

Colour and pattern similar in both sexes. Carapace and legs olive-brown, mottled and annulated with grey

ARCTOSA. 331

Legs yellow, clothed with grey hairs, the femora with two distinct dorsal annuli and a faint basal dusky

mark; the basal two-thirds of the patella brown; the tibia with a basal and subapical brown annulus ;

the protarsi with basal, median, and apical brown annulus.

Abdomen dark olive-brown, with an anterior white shoulder-spot on each side, encircled in front with black,

followed by a series of indistinct pale spots on each side; ventral area and sternum pale yellow, with

grey hairs.

For figures of the palpal organs and vulva, see Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Santa Ana (Sarg), Guatemala city

(Stoll).

Found under boulders of rock in a river-bed (Sarg).

2. Arctosa minuta, sp.n. (Tab. XXXTI. figg. 26, ¢; 27, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7, 9 7 millim.

Colour and pattern similar in both sexes. Carapace and legs dull brown, mottled and annulated with grey

hairs. (In alcohol the pale mottlings appear dull yellow.) Sternum and ventral area of the abdomen

dull yellow-white.

For figures of the palpal organs and vulva, see Plate.

Hab. GuaTEeMALa (Sarg).

Very similar in coloration to A. trifida, but much smaller, and with the central

pale mottled portion on the carapace larger. The form of the vulva is variable, and

the palpal organs very slender and difficult of observation.

3. Arctosa cinerea. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 28, ¢; 29, 2.)

Aranea cinerea, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 11. p. 423°.

Lycosa cinerea, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. vi. p. 488, t. 47. figg. 3, 3 a, 6 (1885) *.

Trochosa cinerea, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 272°.

Hab. Nortu America, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Indiana?, California ?.—

Mexico, Tepic, Orizaba, Vera Cruz 3.—Evrops '.

Our figures are taken from specimens found near the River Severn in Wales. I

should doubt that Emerton’s North-American examples are really conspecific with the

European A. cinerea (Fabr.). Banks’s Trochosa cinerea is, I suspect, identical with

the A. trifida here described.

4, Arctosa mexicana.

Trochosa mexicana, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 272, t. 17. fig. 4 (9) *

Type, @, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

I do not know this species, and it may fall into the Trochosa-group of which

T. ruricola (De Geer) is the type. According to Banks’s description and figure,

however, the vulva presents a transverse elliptical cavity, with apparently no L-shaped

process nor any dividing septum.

332 ARANEIDEA.

5. Arctosa parva.

Trochosa parva, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 272".

Hab. Lower Catirornia }.—Mexico, Tepic?.

SOSIPPUS.

Sosippus, KE. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 205.

Type S. mexicanus, E. Simon. Mexico.

Posterior row of eyes slightly wider, and the middle row a little narrower, than the anterior, the posterior eyes

being much larger and subequal, those of the anterior row, which is slightly procurved, being very small,

the centrals slightly larger, the laterals prominent, situated on low tubercles. Tarsal claws three.

Posterior spinners bi-articulate, the lower margin tridentate (at least in the examples before me, though

Simon gives guadridentate as a generic character).

Tarsi and about half the protarsi of legs i., ii., iii. scopulate; protarsus iv. not, and tarsus iv. feebly, scopulate.

The protarsi of all four pairs of legs with a small central apical spine beneath.

The spiders of this genus are very like Agelen@, not only in the shape of their

body and the appearance of the legs, but to some extent in their markings. Still

more do they resemble them in habits, for the web consists of a very large sheet

of fine silk spun over the bushes, with a tube-like tunnel running down into some

place of safety. Their movements are exceedingly rapid, and one cannot at first

sight believe that they are not true Agelene. One species I met with in abundance

on the Amazons. They are all very large, some of them measuring 22 millim. in

length.

1. Sosippus mexicanus. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 30, ¢; 31, 3la-c, ¢.)

Sosippus mexicanus, EB. Simon, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 206°.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon, total length 15:5 millim.; deuterotype, J, in coll. Godman & Salvin, total

length 12 millim. |

Hab. Mexico!, Xautipa, Omilteme, Amula (H. 1. Smith); Guatemaua (Sarg).

I can scarcely doubt that our specimens belong to this species, which seems to be

fairly common, and the statement that Sosippus has four teeth on the lower margin of

the mandible may be incorrect.

Fam. AGELENIDA.

The spiders usually referred to this family run almost imperceptibly through the

Pisauride, and thus blend with the Lycoside. ‘The eyes are, however, more pro-

nouncedly in two rows, both more or less procurved, or the posterior sometimes

recurved. There is always present in the male a tibial spur on the palpus, as in

the Pisauride. ‘The character by which Simon distinguishes the Agelenide from the

Lycoside and Pisauride, viz. by the absence of the notch on the rim of the trochanter,

is not constant, as in Agelena labyrinthica the emargination is quite evident.

TEGENARIA. 339

The two genera, of which representatives have been found in Central America, are

scarcely separable, their habits and general appearance being also very similar. ‘They

may, however, be roughly separated by the eye-formula.

GENERA.

A. Both rows of eyes only slightly procurved . . . . . . . . . . TrGenarta, Latr.

B. Both rows of eyes strongly procurved. . . . . . . . . . « . AGELENOpsrIs, Giebel.

TEGENARIA.

Tegenaria, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. xxiv. p. 184, column 1, line 49 (1804).

Type Tegenaria civilis (Walck.)= TZ. derhamti, Scop. Europe.

The three species, one of which is well-known in the European and North-American

fauna, may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Abdomen dull white, with numerous obscure dusky spots. Tibia of palpus

somewhat incrassate, with a short blunt spur at the outer apical angle.

Palpal spine short, very stout, very strongly curved, its apex terminating

on the anterior portion of the membranous sheath, itself short and incon-

spicuous . 2 ee 1 ww ee ee ee we ew ww ew we) derhami, Scop.

B. Abdomen rich brown, with a central anterior pale yellow band, becoming

very slender and tridentate behind. Tibia of palpus not incrassate, with a

short, but sharp, apical spur, its apex slightly curved. Palpal spine very

long, slender, encircling the whole tarsus beneath, its apex resting on the

posterior cusp of the long conspicuous membranous sheath. . . . . . flexuosa, sp. n.

Females.

A. Size much larger, 12 millim. Vulva consisting of a narrow, transverse, brown,

chitinous piece, flanked on each side by a small sinuous cusp, on the poste-

rior margin of the area . . oe woe ee ew we wee) erhami.

B. Size much smaller, 6°5 millim. Vulva consisting of a transverse-oval cavity

nearly filled by a transverse-oval plate (fide Banks) . . . . . . . . obscura, Banks.

Norr.—Adult females of the first-mentioned species alone occur in our collection.

1. Tegenaria derhami. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 32, ¢; 33, 2.)

Aranea derhamii, Scopoli, Entom. Carn. p. 400 (1763)".

Tegenaria derhami, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 280 (1898)*; Emerton, Trans. Conn.

Acad. Sci. viii. p. 193, t. 7. figg. 6, 6a-c*, and ix. p. 411%.

Hab. Nort America, Canada 4, New England 3, California 2.—Costa Rica (Rogers &

Tristan).— EUROPE }.

$34 ARANEIDEA.

2. Tegenaria flexuosa, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 34, 344, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Legs yellow, annulated with black. Carapace brown, with a central pale band and broken lateral similarly

coloured bands. Abdomen rich brown, speckled with pale yellow on the sides, with a central dorsal pale

bar, broken anteriorly by two pairs of elongate dusky spots, attenuate behind, forming a very slender

tridentate bar; ventral area with a broad brown central band, margined with pale yellow. Sternum

brown, with a very small pale spot at the base of the labium and another more elongate one in the centre.

The coloration of the two immature examples of the female sex is similar, but the dentated portion of the

abdominal bar is more pronounced, and each of the first three dentations is enlarged at the apex.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

3. Tegenaria obscura.

Tegenaria obscura, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 280, t. 14. fig. 26 (¢? )’.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 6°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Sonoran region, San Miguel de Horcasitas !.

AGELENOPSIS,

Agelenopsis, Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss. xxxiii. p. 250 (1869).

Melpomene, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arach. Aran. i. p. 285 (1898).

Type of Agelenopsis, A. ee Giebel, Illinois, U.S.A.; that of Melpomene, M. elegans, O. P.-Cambr.,

Mexico.

The spiders which are here referred to Giebel’s genus differ from Agelena (type

A. labyrinthica) chiefly in the relative proportion of the anterior eyes, the laterals

being much larger than the centrals, whereas in Agelena they are subequal. Giebel

gives an illustration of the eye-formula in his diagnosis.

In the female sex the segments of the posterior pair of spinners are equal in length ;

in the male the apical one is slightly the longer of the two.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Tibia of palpus with a strong spur on the outer distal margin, directed

obliquely outward and backward.

a. Central lobe of bulb short, inconspicuous, bluntly pointed at the apex.

Lower anterior prominence of tibia of palpus bifid . .°. . . nova, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Central lobe of bulb much longer, conspicuous, dilate, hammer-headed

at the apex. Lower anterior prominence of tibia of palpus bluntly

pointed, not bifid . ee marginata, sp. n.

B. Tibia of palpus without any spur on the outer distal margin.

a’. Palpal bulb, viewed from the outer side, very much inflated, with a

conspicuous, stout, black, spiraliform process at the apex. Bulb

deeply bifid at the base on the inner side . . . . . . elegans, O. P.-Cambr.

b'. Palpal bulb, viewed from the outer side, not inflated ; apex without

AGELENOPSIS.

conspicuous spiraliform process. Bulb not bifid at the base on the

inner side.

a’. Palpal bulb very complex, with a conspicuons, transverse, chitinous

piece at the base, its inner anterior margin bearing two short

adjacent spurs, besides other convoluted and pointed processes

6°. Palpal bulb quite simple, without any transverse piece at the base,

and without convoluted and pointed processes. . . . . .

Females.

A. Femora, and often the tibiz also, annulated with dusky brown or black.

a. Carapace with a more or less distinct, broad, central, longitudinal, pale

band, and broad marginal bands. Vulval area without any large,

circular, central cavity.

a‘. Vulval area divided for two-thirds of its length by a broad central

channel formed by a pair of chitinous lateral lobes.

a’. Posterior margins of the lateral lobes uniformly rounded and

blending with the posterior margin of the vulval area . . .

6°. Posterior margins of the lateral lobes terminating in a sharp

point on each side, and extending beyond the posterior margin

of the vulval area, with also a second blunt cusp farther along

their margin. . . 2... 2. ee :

6'. Vulval area not divided by a broad central channel.

a’. Vulval area having towards its anterior margin a pair of large,

deep, reniform cavities, separated in the middle by a broad

chitinous septum, which expands posteriorly and laterally to

form the margins of the cavities . . . .

b°. Vulval area without large cavities towards the anterior margin.

a‘. Vulval area with a large, deep, oval-rectangular cavity on the

posterior margin, with anteriorly a narrow central septum

6‘. Vulval area with a small transverse-oval cavity on the posterior

margin; the anterior margin of the latter bearing a pair of

small, sharp, convergent cusps.

a’, Transverse-oval cavity broader, filled in with a central,

transverse, convex piece. . - eo ee

6°, Transverse-oval cavity narrower, without any central, convex,

transverse plece . . . . . . eee ek

6. Carapace with a very narrow, pale, longitudinal, central line and broader

marginal bands. Vulval area with a large, circular, central cavity .

B. Femora and tibiz unicolorous brown.

a’. Femora with a narrow, longitudinal, pale slash on the outer side

&°. Femora unicolorous brown, neither slashed nor annulate . ,

transversa, sp. nl.

simplex, sp. 1.

lobata, sp. n.

cuspidata, sp. n.

bicavata, sp. n.

cavata, sp. n.

costata, sp. n.

attenuata, sp. n.

penetralis, sp. n.

variabilis, sp. n.

glaucopis, sp. 0.

Norr.—The form of the vulva in the genera Agelena and Agelenopsis being exceedingly variable, it is very

difficult to be certain as to the specific distinctness of some of the allied forms.

(Banks), and do not therefore include it in the Table.

I do not know A. orizaba

336 ARANEIDEA.

1. Agelenopsis nova. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 35, 35a, ¢.)

Agelena nova, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 175, t. 22. figg.5, 5a-e(d)'.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. GuateMata, Vera Paz (Sarg ').

2. Agelenopsis marginata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 36, 36a, ¢.)

Type, ¢,in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Carapace brown, with a broad central and marginal white longitudinal band. Abdomen brown, with a broad,

pale, central, longitudinal band, the anterior central third brown, the posterior portion dull red. Legs

yellow-brown, femora indistinctly annulate.

For the palpal organs, which are quite characteristic, see the Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

8. Agelenopsis elegans. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 37, 37¢, b, 3.)

Melpomene elegans, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 285, t. 39. figg. 6,

6a-g (3S)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith).

4, Agelenopsis transversa, sp.n. (Tab. XXXI. figg. 38, 38a, 2.)

Type, d, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 milim.

Carapace brown, with a broad pale patch behind the eyes and a pale marginal band. Abdomen brown, with a

pale central band, dentated in the posterior half. Legs dull yellow-brown, the femora very faintly

annulated with darker brown.

For the palpal organs, see the Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

5. Agelenopsis simplex, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 1, 1a, 4, 3.)

Type, od, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Carapace brown, with a central and marginal pale band. Abdomen deep brown, with an indistinct, dentated

pale, central band. Legs brown, femora distinctly annulated with darker brown.

For the palpal organs, see the Table and Plate.

Hab. GuaTEMALA (Sarg).

6. Agelenopsis lobata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 2, 9.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace brown, with a broad central and marginal pale band. Sternum brown, with a narrow, central, pale

band. Abdomen brown, with an indistinct, pale, dull red, central band. Legs yellow-brown, femora

distinctly annulated with black. ©

For vulva, see the Table and Plate.

Hab, Mzxico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

SU)

AGELENOPSIS.

7. Agelenopsis cuspidata, sp. n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 3, 9.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Colour the same as in A. lobata.

For vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

It is possible that A. cuspidata and A. lobata are forms of one species, but one

needs a longer series, and also males taken with the females, before the matter can

be decided.

8. Agelenopsis bicavata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 4, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace brown, with a very narrow, central, longitudinal, pale band, and a broad, similarly coloured, marginal

’ band. Abdomen brown, with an indistinctly outlined, pale, central band, and a broad, central, dusky band

beneath. Legs dull yellow-brown, distinctly but slightly annulate.

For vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

9. Agelenopsis cavata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 5, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 millim.

Colour mainly as in the preceding species. Abdomen with an indistinct, dull red, central band margined with

a row of pale spots on each side, but without the central dusky band beneath.

For vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

10. Agelenopsis costata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 6, 2.)

Type, Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13 millim.

Carapace brown, with an indistinct, broad, central and marginal band. Abdomen brown, with a broad, central,

dentated, dull red band. Legs dark red-brown, femora distinctly annulated with black.

For vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

11. Agelenopsis attenuata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 7, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 millim.

The colours are unfortunately obliterated in the specimens received.

For vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemaa (Sarg).

12. Agelenopsis penetralis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 8, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

€arapace brown, with a broad marginal and narrow central pale band. Abdomen brown, with a broad,

indistinct, central, dorsal, dentated band, and a broad, central, dusky, ventral band. Legs dull yellow-

brown, with the femora and tibie distinctly annulated.

For vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Costa Rica, La Palma (Tristan).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IT., March 1902. 2xt

338 ARANEIDEA.

18. Agelenopsis variabilis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 9, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 12. millim.

Carapace brown, with a broad central and marginal band of white hairs. Abdomen with a broad, central, red

band margined with yellow-white; ventral area pale dun-colour. Legs deeply and almost entirely

suffused with brown, the femora with a long pale slash on the outer side. The vulva appears to be

exceedingly variable in shape, if I am correct in regarding all the examples before me as belonging to

the same species: the commonest form has a convex black chitinous area, with a shallow triangular

depression towards the posterior margin ; for another form, that of the type-specimen, see the Plate (fig. 9).

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith), Xautipa (Duges).

14. Agelenopsis glaucopis, sp. n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 10, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11 millim.

Carapace brown, with a broad central and marginal pale band. Abdomen with a broad, red, dorsal, central

band margined with white. Legs red-brown, slightly suffused with darker brown, but not annulated, nor

are the femora slashed with a pale line. Ventral area dun-coloured, with two longitudinal lines of spots,

marking the outline of the area which forms a dusky band in some other species.

For vulva, see Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith).

15. Agelenopsis orizaba.

Agelena orizaba, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. ‘Sci. (3) i. p. 231, t. 14. fig. 30 (2 )*.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 9 millim.

fab. Mexico, Orizaba?.

The figure given by Mr. Banks is scarcely sufficiently detailed for the comparison of

closely allied species.

Fam. OXYOPIDA.

The species belonging to this family, like those of the Lycoside, have three claws,

and the protarsi have, besides other lateral and dorsal spines, a single small apical

spine beneath. ‘he legs are themselves armed with numerous long spines, a long

conspicuous one being particularly noticeable at the apex of the patella of all four pairs ;

but have no scopule beneath the tarsi. The eyes are more or less closely grouped, the

lateral anteriors very large, the central anteriors very small; the posterior row is

straight, slightly recurved, or more or less procurved ; the anterior row straight or

recurved. ‘The clypeus is usually very high.

‘The spiders themselves move with great rapidity over herbage and the foliage of

trees and shrubs.

GENERA.

A. Palpal bulb of the male with a long variously formed “ clavis ”

on the outer side at the base. Posterior row of eyes only very

slightly procurved. Mandibles without any tooth on the lower

margin. . 2. «2 ee ew ee eooe ee ew ce ee) )6PEvcetia, Thorell.

PEUCETIA. 339

B. Palpal bulb without “clavis.” Posterior row of eyes strongly

procurved. Mandibles with a small tooth on the lower margin.

i. nei of posterior row sub-equidistant . . . . . . . « Oxyorss, Latr.

. Central posteriors much further from each other than from the

laterals.

a; Anterior row of eyes distinctly recurved; eyes much closer

together, each central eye being scarcely more than one and

a half diameters from the adjacent lateral . . . . . . Oxyoprxrpon, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Anterior row of eyes straight, the anterior margins of the

centrals falling just inside the anterior margins of the laterals,

supposing a tangential line to be drawn. Eyes widely separate,

the centrals being distant from the adjacent laterals a space

greater than that occupied by the two centrals together and

the interval separating them . . . . . . . « . ~ ~ Hamartariva, Keys.

| PEUCETIA.

Pasithea, Blackwall, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1. p. 427 (1858) (nom. preocc.).

Peucetia, Thorell, Europ. Spid. pp. 87, 106 (1869-70).

Type of Pasithea and Peucetia, P. viridis, Blackwall. Algeria.

The spiders belonging to this genus may be recognized by the slight procurvature of

the posterior row of eyes, these latter being strongly procurved in Oxyopes, Oxyopeidon,

and Hamataliva. The bulb of the male palpus, moreover, is furnished with a “ clavis,”

while the mandibles have no tooth on the lower margin.

The cocoon, in the case of Oxyopes, is lenticular and spun up in an irregular web

amongst leaves and twigs, while that of Peucetia, which has been mentioned by almost

every author, is pear-shaped, but very stout and covered with little points, and is

suspended by the stalk under a leaf, in an irregular network of crossing lines.

There are probably a great number of Neotropical forms belonging to this and the

allied genera, but only about forty have hitherto been described.

The two species of which we have examples in our collection may be distinguished

from each other by the following characters :—

Males.

a. Tibia of palpus longer, four times as long as broad. Lateral lamelliform

spine lying on the outer side of the bulb near the margin of the tarsal

sheath, unibranchiate, dilate, and flat at the base, curved suddenly

upward, its apex directed forward, forming a sinuously curved sharp

point... . ee ee rr . + « « « longipalpis, sp. n.

b. Tibia of palpus shorter, scarcely three times as long as broad. Lateral

lamelliform spine bibranchiate, slender throughout, the inner branch

shorter and stouter, the outer longer and more slender, filiform, curving

suddenly downward and then forward with a slightly sinuous curve. . dibranchiata, sp. n.

2x 2

340 ARANEIDEA.

1. Peucetia longipalpis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 11, ¢ .)

Type, d,in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

The coloration is much the same as in P. bibranchiata. Carapace and legs orange, sternum and abdomen

green. Palpus of male quite distinct in structure from that of the next species: tibia four times as long

as broad; the lateral lamelliform spine lying on the outer side of the bulb, near the base, is unibranchiate,

broad, flat and dilate at the base, suddenly bent upward and narrowing, directed forward, its aculeate apex

directed slightly downward. The long central process is shorter than it is in P. bibranchiata.

- Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Sinith).

Iam unable to identify any female satisfactorily as belonging to the males here

described.

2. Peucetia bibranchiata, sp. n. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 12, 12a, 3 ; 18,13 a-<, 2.)

Peucetia thalassina, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 702, t. 2. figg. 67, 68 (¢)

(nec 2) (1877) ?. |

Type ¢,gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 10, 2 15 millim.

Colour bright green, legs and carapace orange. In some examples of the female the orange and green are

more or less suffused with a rosy tint, and the abdomen has a double dorsal series of elongate pink lines

down the centre.

Palpus of male very characteristic: tibia not more than three times as long as broad ; the lateral lamelliform

spine at the base of the bulb on the outer side is bibranchiate, very slender throughout, the inner branch

stouter, the outer longer, more slender, filiform (really a continuation of the inner folded back), curving

suddenly downward and then straight forward, but with a slightly sinuous curve.

‘Vulva of the female very variable in form, consisting of a deep semicircular cavity anteriorly, a pair of

variously formed deep orifices (one on each side) posteriorly, with a flat blunt spur, very variable in length,

directed forward into the cavity. [Some specimens have no trace of these spurs, and they may belong

to a different species. |

_ Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo, Dos Caminos, Venta de Zopilote, Tierra Colorada,

Amula, Atoyac, Jalapa (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca!; Guatemata (Sarg); Costa Rica, San

José (Tristan).

The type (¢) and gynetype (2) of the species identified by Keyserling as

P. thalassina (Koch), from Oaxaca, are before me. Our males agree with the

Mexican specimen of that sex, but the female named by this author appears to be not

fully mature. It is not at all likely that the Central-American examples belong to

Koch’s species, the type (2) of which was from San Domingo, West Indies, and I

therefore give them a new name, more especially since it is impossible to state

positively that our males are the true sexual complement of the female type.

8. Peucetia quadrilineata.

Peucetia quadrilineata, E. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi. p. 111 (1891)*.

Type, Q,in coll. E. Simon. Total length 12 millim. .

Hab. Costa Rica}.

There are several adult females of a Peucetia from Costa Rica in our collection, but

I am unable to identify any of them with certainty as Simon’s species.

‘OXYOPES.

OXYOPES.

Oxyopes, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxiv. p- 1385 (1804).

Type O. heterophthalmus (Latreille), Europe.

The spiders of this genus differ from those of Hamataliva and Oxyopeidon in having

the eyes of the posterior row equidistant, or nearly so; and from Pewcetia in the strong

procurvature of the posterior row of eyes, and in the males being without a “ clavis” on

the palpal bulb. There are not more than ten species described from the Neotropical

region, three only of these being from Mexico or Central America.

Those known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Tarsus of palpus produced at the base on the outer side into a more or less

conspicuous conical prominence. .

1. Conical prominence more conspicuous. Bulb of palpus with a pair of

short, closely adjacent, hooked spines at the apex, plain, without any

separate elongate processes. Tarsus of palpus deeply concave beneath,

with the external side produced to form a blunt angle. Patella with a

brush of stiff hairs along the anterior margin beneath .

2. Conical prominence less conspicuous. Bulb of palpus without hooked

spines at the apex, but with two elongate processes. Tarsus of palpus

not concave beneath. Patella without any fringe of stiff bristles .

B. Tarsus of palpus not produced into a decided conical prominence at the

base on the outer side.

i. Lower spur on tibia of palpus divided into two or three distinct cusps.

a. Lower spur of tibia divided into three cusps.

1. Lower spur of tibia much longer and more developed. Central por-

tion of bulb broad, long, and flat, terminating basally in a short

hook, its apex directed inward (see figure) . .

2. Lower spur of tibia much shorter and less developed. Central

portion of bulb narrower and shorter, curving across the bulb,

concave and squarely truncate at the apex (see figure) . . .

6. Lower spur of tibia divided into two cusps.

a', Anterior branch of lower spur larger, broader, and more spatuliform.

Carapace yellow, with a pair of fine black lines down the clypeus

and mandibles infront. Sternum yellow. Abdomen olive-brown,

with a pale, central, dorsal band . . . ... ee

b!, Anterior branch of lower spur smaller, narrower, less spatuliform.

Carapace, mandibles, and sternum deep brown. Abdomen deep

black-brown, without any pale dorsal band . .

. Lower spur on tibia of palpus not divided into branches, but itself

forming a single branch.

a, Tibial spur much longer and strongly curved at the apex (see figure) .

6. Tibial spur much shorter and not curved at the apex (see figure) . .

gracilis, Keys.

cornutus, sp. N.

tricuspidatus, sp. n,

globosus, sp. 0.

bifidus, sp. n.

bifissus, sp. n.

tibialis, sp. n.

calcarifer, sp. 0.

342 ARANEIDEA.

Females.

A. Vulva consisting of a distinct raised chitinous convex tongue, its apex

directed forward towards the base of the abdomen.

1. Apex of chitinous tongue, seen from above, wedge-shaped, sharply

pointed; seen in profile strongly geniculate and incurved under itself. gracilis.

2. Apex of chitinous tongue, seen from above, dilate, semicircular, emar-

ginate on each side ; seen in profile bent downward, but only very

slightly incurved «2. 1. ee ew ee ee ew ww ee Lingulifer, sp. n.

B. Vulva consisting of a more or less well-defined transverse-oval cavity.

i. Clypeus and mandibles pale, without any narrow black lines in front

running down the centre from the anterior central eyes.

a. Clypeus much higher, nearly four times the width of the space occupied

by the anterior central eyes. Chitinous margin of vulva widely .

open anteriorly. . . 2. 2. 1 2 ee we ew we we ee ew ) Clypeatus, sp. 2.

b. Clypeus much lower, scarcely more than twice the width of the space

occupied by the anterior central eyes. Chitinous margin of vulva

either closed or only with a narrow opening anteriorly.

1. Cavity larger in proportion and the chitinous rim much narrower,

closed anteriorly. Legs notannulate . . ... . . . . globosus.

2. Cavity smaller in proportion and the chitinous rim much broader, with

a narrow opening anteriorly. Legs annulated with dusky brown. annulipes, sp. n.

ii. Clypeus and mandibles either entirely brown or with a narrow black

line running down the centre from each anterior central eye.

a'. Clypeus and mandibles pale, with a narrow black line.

a*, Vulval cavity open in front, with a fine chitinous margin encircling

the posterior portion at the genitalrima. . . . . . . . .. bifissus.

6*, Vulval cavity closed in front, with a transverse chitinous margin

posteriorly, but some distance in front of the genitalrima . . . transversus, sp. n.

b!. Clypeus and mandibles, as well as the whole carapace, deep brown . drunneus, sp. n.

Nore.—The coloration and markings would probably furnish very reliable distinguishing characters ; but in

the examples under comparison so much of the scaly.covering of hairs has been rubbed off that it would not

be safe to make use of them in these tables.

I do not know either O. flavus or O. acutus, Banks, nor can I gather from his figures what are the

differential characters.

1. Oxyopes gracilis. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 14, 14 a,b, 3 ; 15,154, 8, 2.)

Oxyopes gracilis, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 698, t. 8. figg. 63 (2), 64 (2)

(1877) %.

Oxyopes salticus, E. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1889, p. 889”.

Type ¢,gynetype 2, in coll. Keyserling, Mus. Brit. Total length, $ 5, 9 7 millim.

d. Legs orange-yellow, the femora of all four pairs with a fine, often broken, narrow black line running

down the outer side, but often entirely obliterate. Carapace orange-yellow, with two closely adjacent,

longitudinal, central, and a more widely separate lateral band composed of brown scales. A narrow black

line runs down the clypeus and anterior centre of the mandibles. Abdomen dark brown or black, with

a well-defined dorsal band narrowly outlined with white anteriorly, thus enclosing a lanceolate black

mark, the two white lines coalescing just behind the middle to form a narrow central line to the spinners ;

ventral area dark brown, with a black central band. Sternum yellow; palpi dark brown.

OXYOPES. 34

For the palpus, see the Table of the species.

2. Pale orange-yellow, with four bands of fine brown scales down the carapace, alternating with bands of

white scales. A narrow black line runs from each central anterior eye, across the clypeus, down the

mandible for about two-thirds of its length. A fine black line runs down the front of femora i. and_ii.,

and also, but less evidently, of iii. and iv.

Abdomen with a dark brown, lanceolate, anterior, central, dorsal bar; the lateral area more or less entirely

covered with dark brown slashes, sometimes only evident in the apical half; the ventral area has a deep

black, central, longitudinal band.

Vulva very characteristic, consisting of a short, stout, conical spur, broad and convex at the base, with a dark

spot on each side, its apex directed forward, abruptly depressed towards the abdomen, and again abruptly

curved in under, backward, where the apex is flattened out into a spatuliform lamina. The exact form

of the process, however, is somewhat variable.

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada, Vera Cruz, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata (Sarg).

—Soutn America, Taguara!; ANTILLES, St. Vincent 2.

The type and gynetype of O. gracilis, Keys., are before me, also the examples from

St. Vincent identified by Simon as 0. salticus, Hentz. These are identical; but since we

cannot say what O. salticus, Hentz, may really be, I have adopted Keyserling’s name,

until some arachnologist can settle the point.

2. Oxyopes cornutus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 16, ¢.)

Type, od, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Colour variable. Carapace, legs, mandibles, and sternum orange-yellow. The carapace has traces of bands of

brown scales, as in O. gracilis; a thin black line crosses the clypeus and runs down the mandible, in one

example, uniting with the opposite one, and forming a broad dark band in the centre of each; otherwise,

the rest of the carapace is clothed with white scales.

Legs orange-yellow, with a fine dark line (often obliterate) in front of the femora. Abdomen olive-green, with

a pale, central, dorsal band narrowing to the spinners, often indistinct; ventral area with a broad, dark,

central band.

Tibia of palpus convex beneath, not concave as in O. gracilis; patella without any fringe of stiff hairs; the

bulb is without hooked spines at the apex, but has two elongate processes, the outer one the longest,

the inner one, lying at about the centre of the bulb, being very short. Tarsus with a very short, incon-

spicuous, conical development at the base on the outer side.

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada (H. H. Smith).

3. Oxyopes tricuspidatus, sp.n. (Tab XXXII. figg. 17, 17a, 2, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace orange-yellow, with a broad indistinct band of brown scales running across the clypeus from each

anterior central eye and down the mandibles. Legs yellow, femora darker, especially beneath. Abdomen

pale. yellow, entirely clothed with white hairs dorsally, with a lateral and a central band beneath of

brown or black scales. Sternum yellow.

The tibial spur of the palpus is “ tricuspidate,” the central cusp being the shortest, and sharp. The bulb

presents a broad, central, flat process, terminating behind in a short hook.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

4. Oxyopes globosus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. figg, 18, 18 a-c, ¢; 19,194, 9.)

‘Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 9 4:5 millim.

The whole spider is of a pale orange-colour, clothed with white hairs and scales, and the ventral area of the

abdomen has an indistinct central band of dusky hairs.

The tarsus of the male palpus is very short and globular (for details, see figures).

344 _ ARANEIDEA.

Vulva consisting of a broad-oval concavity, somewhat variable in shape, with a very fine, narrow, chitinous,

rim-like margin, and in most examples there are two pairs of well-defined spermathecal spots, beneath

the surface, anteriorly.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

5. Oxyopes bifidus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 20, 20a, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace and legs orange-yellow, more or less clothed with white scales, having a thin black line across the

clypeus on each side and down the mandibles. Abdomen sooty-brown, with a central, dorsal, pale band,

narrowing to a line above the spinners, its margins formed of white scales.

The lower branch of the tibial spur of the palpus is bifid, its anterior branch the broader of the two; the upper

branch is also minutely bicuspidate.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (H. H. Smith).

6. Oxyopes bifissus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 21, 21a, 3; 22, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 2 5 millim.

3. Carapace, mandibles, and sternum deep mahogany-brown, the abdomen sooty-brown, all clothed with fine

white hairs. Legs pale yellow.

For the palpus, see figures and Table of species.

Q .. Carapace pale yellow, with a distinct, but ill-defined, band of brown hairs on each side of the central line,

terminating in a darker black spot just beyond the central stria, but not nearly reaching the posterior

margin. The central pale area has an indistinct median band of brown hairs, slightly dilate anteriorly,

~ while a narrow band of brown hairs runs backward towards this central band from each central posterior

eye. The clypeus and mandibles have a narrow black line running down their centre in front from each

central anterior eye.

Abdomen with a very broad, pale, central, dorsal band gradually narrowing to the spinners, with the anterior

lanceolate bar outlined with dusky brown; lateral areas suffused and spotted with brown, with a pair of

parallel, oblique, narrow, white bars about the middle; ventral area more or less suffused and spotted

with brown, but a broad, dark, central band is more conspicuous. Legs pale yellow, the femora more or

less spotted with black.

For the vulva, see figures and Table of species.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

7. Oxyopes tibialis, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 23, 23a, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace and legs orange-yellow, a fine black line on each side crossing the clypeus and running down the

mandibles, and a narrow black line running down the anterior side of the femora of all four pairs of legs.

Abdomen dull brown, with a pale, narrow, central, dorsal band; pale below, with a broad, central, dark

band, or, in one example, entirely black.

The tibia of the palpus has a long conspicuous process beneath it, strongly curved and concavo-spatulate at

the apex.

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg).

8. Oxyopes calcarifer, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII, fig. 24, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace, palpi, mandibles, and sternum brown, more or less clothed with grey hairs and scales,

femora with a double row of indistinct dusky speckles in front of each. Abdomen olive-

with white iridescent scales.

Legs yellow ;

green, clothed

OXYOPES. 345

Tibia of palpus with a stout conspicuous process beneath the segment, its apex concave, but not nearly so

strongly curved as in O. tibialis.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

9. Oxyopes lingulifer, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 25, 25a, 9.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

If the clothing had not been rubbed off, this spider would have been orange-yellow, with white scales, but

without any dark bands on the carapace or dark scales on the lanceolate abdominal band or on the lateral

areas; but it has a fine black line running from each anterior central eye across the clypeus and down

the mandible, and also a broad, central, black band on the ventral area of the abdomen, as in O. gracilis.

The vulva, however, is quite characteristic, consisting of a broad tongue-like lamina, convex at the base, with

a lateral expansion on each side; the central portion becoming suddenly narrower, then widening out at

the apex into a broad semicircular plate, its lateral angles very sharp, and its apex curving abruptly

downward towards the abdomen.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

10. Oxyopes clypeatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 26, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 millim.

The clothing has unfortunately been much obliterated from the two examples of this species before me, but:

the whole spider is of a pale orange-colour, clothed with white and brown scales.

The abdomen is attenuate towards the apex, having a patch of brown scales on each side at this point, and

also a central band of the same on the-underside.

Vulva consisting of a broad oval-rectangular cavity, widely open in front, the floor of the cavity having a

wedge-shaped, convex, central portion, with a deep channel within the lateral margins.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

11. Oxyopes annulipes, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 27, .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace orange-brown, entirely clothed with white scales ; mandibles and clypeus without any black line.

Abdomen clothed dorsally with white scales, with two brown spots, one on each side, just behind the

middle, two oblique lateral bands of brown scales in the apical half, and a broad, central, black band on

the ventral area. Legs orange-yellow, more or less clothed with white scales, the femora with a subapical,

and the tibiee with a basal, dusky brown annulus.

Vulva consisting of a broad, transverse-oval, convex, chitinous plate, with a deep central concavity, open in

front, its margins being much broader than in the allied species.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith).

12. Oxyopes transversus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 28, @ .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace orange-yellow, with two closely adjacent longitudinal central, and a more widely separate band of

brown scales on each side. A narrow black line runs down the clypeus and the centre of the mandibles.

Legs orange-yellow, the femora of all four pairs with a narrow, more or less broken, black line running

down the outer side. Abdomen with a broad, pale, central, longitudinal, dorsal band, showing the white

lines surrounding the usual lanceolate area; lateral area suffused and spotted with, brown, with two fine,

parallel, oblique, white slashes about the middle ; ventral area pale, sparsely spotted with brown, with a

broad, central, longitudinal, dark brown band.

For the vulva, see figures and the Table of species.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., Murch 1902. 2 yt

346 ARANEIDEA,

13. Oxyopes brunneus, sp. n. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 29, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

The scales have been almost entirely rubbed off from the single specimen received of

this species, and with these the colour and pattern have vanished ; but the form of the

vulva is quite distinct from that of any other Oxyopes in the collection before me.

The general ground-colour is deep brown, whereas that of all the other members of

the genus here described is yellow or orange.

14. Oxyopes flavus.

Oxyopes flava, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 278, t. 17. fig. 28 (2)°.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 7:5 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornia!.—Mexico, Tepic}.

15. Oxyopes acutus.

Oxyopes acutus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 279, t. 17. fig. 27 (¢)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornia !.—Mexico, Hermosillo 1.

OXYOPEIDON.

Oxyopeidon, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 139 (1894).

Oxyopedon, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, ii. p. 880 (1898).

Type O. putum, O. P.-Cambridge. Central America.

O. putum is here selected as the type, since the species first described (0. facile,

O. P.-Cambr.) belongs to Hamataliwa, Keys. The genus Oxyopeidon is distinguished

from Peucetia by its strongly procurved posterior row of eyes, from Oxyopes by the

greater separation of the posterior central eyes, and from Hamataliwa by the closer

grouping of the anterior eyes, and the fact that these form a recurving line, the eyes

being also equidistant from each other.

The females of the species known to me may be distinguished as follows, O. putum

and O. flebile being alone represented in the male sex :—

Females.

A. Vulval area with a triangular tongue at the posterior margin, or with

a deep, central, posterior cavity. .

i. Vulval area with a broad, triangular, pale yellow tongue, its apex

lying on the posterior margin, its basal angles forming a more or

less deep fovea on each side . putum, O. P.-Cambr.

ii. Vulval area with a deep, central, oval, or semicircular cavity towards

the posterior margin.

OXYOPEIDON. 347

1. Central posterior cavity elongate-oval, or pointed posteriorly ; its

broad chitinous boundaries, slightly sinuous at the sides, some-

what bilobate in the centre posteriorly, trianguliform, anteriorly

embedded in a deep, black, chitinous cavity on each side, the

central cavity appearing of a pale yellow colour . . . . . flebile, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Central posterior cavity semicircular, its chitinous boundaries

regularly semicircular, not bilobate behind, and the lateral

we . letum, O. P.-Cambr.

cavities absent or only very slightly indicated on bfacile, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Vulval area without any tongue or central posterior depression, simply

an oval, elongate, shallow cavity, thickly clothed with white scales,

the margins forming a narrow chitinous rim, slightly emarginate

Jaterall d . orly in th molestum, O. P.-Cambr.

aterally and prominent posteriorly in the centre. . . . . . , difficile, O. P.-Cambr.

Nots.—The scales are in most cases rubbed off, so that the characters (probably very good ones) which

might be drawn from the pattern and coloration are not available. I am unable to separate satisfactorily

O. letum from O. subfacile, or O. molestum from O. difficile; but it is not possible to arrive at any definite

conclusion without further material.

1. Oxyopeidon putum, (Tab. XXXII. figg. 30, 30a, 4, 3; 31, 314, 2.)

Oxyopeidon putum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 140, t. 16. figg. 7

7a-e(¢), 8, 8a-c ( 2)".

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5°75, 9 7 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion 1).

]

The vulva of the female in this species varies slightly in appearance in examples of

different degrees of maturity, but is otherwise quite characteristic and constant. ‘The

male can be recognized by the form of the tibial process of the palpus, there being a

characteristic sharp spur set at right angles to the segment on the outer side, with a

broader bifid lamina further forward near the base of the tarsus, the tibia itself being

concave on the outer side.

2. Oxyopeidon flebile. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 32, 2.)

Oxyopeidon flebile, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 141, t. 16. figg. 9,

9a-c (2)’. .

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, ¢ 9 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion 1).

8. Oxyopeidon letum. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 33, 9.)

Oxyopeidon letum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 142, t. 16. fige. 10,

10 a-c (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Caminos in Guerrero (H. H. Sinith +).

348 ARANEIDEA.

This species is much smaller than O. subfacile, O. P.-Cambr., but otherwise I can

find no really good distinguishing character between the two.

4. Oxyopeidon subfacile. (Tab. XXXII. figs. 34, 34a, 2.)

Oxyopeidon subfacile,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 141, t. 16. figg. 5,

5a-c (?)’:

. Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith?).

Only separable from 0. letum by its much larger size. Itis represented by a single

specimen in the collection before me.

5. Oxyopeidon molestum. (Tab. XXXII. fig. 35, ? .)

Oxyopeidon molestum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 141, t. 16. figg. lo,

15 a-c (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (1. H. Smith’).

There is no anterior semicircular tongue in the vulva of this spider, as depicted on

Tab. XVL. of Vol. I. of this work, and I therefore give a fresh drawing of it. A

‘single specimen only has been received. . :

6. Oxyopeidon difficile.

Oxyopeidon difficile, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 142, t. 16. figg. 13,

13 a-c (2).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith').

‘Whether this species is really distinct from 0. molestum, O. P. Cambr., I cannot say,

but the vulva at all events presents no tangible difference which I can appreciate.

HAMATALIWA.

Hamataliwa, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxvil. p. 497 (1887).

Emmenophrys, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, 11. p. 380 (June 1898).

‘Fype of Hamataliwa, H. grisea, Keys. (Q), N. America; of Emmenophrys, E. porcatus, E. Simon (¢),

Brazil.

The type-species of the genus Hamataliwa is before me, and it corresponds exactly

with the diagnosis and the figure of the eyes of Emmenophrys.

The anterior central eyes are very close together, far remote from the anterior laterals,

and are situated on a line touching the anterior margins of the latter; the posterior

centrals are also much further apart proportionately than in Oaxyopeidon. The only

species known to me from Central America is H. facile (O. P.-Cambr.).

HAMATALIWA.—SENOCULUS. 349

1. Hamataliwa facilis. (Tab. XXXII. figg. 36, 36 a, b, 2.)

ae facile, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 140, t. 16. figg. 6

6G a-c (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero (H. H. Smith 1).

Fam. SENOCULIDA,

Eye-formula somewhat resembling that of Ctenus: anterior row very strongly recurved, the centrals situated

close to the anterior margin of the clypeus, the laterals just in front of the posterior laterals, scarcely

visible ; posterior row slightly recurved, eyes larger, centrals nearer to each other than to the laterals.

Protarsi i. and ii. without central apical spines beneath. Tarsi with three claws, not scopulate beneath,

and without claw-tufts. Tibie i. and ii. with from 4-10 (Stenoctenus, Keys.), protarsi i. and ii. with 5-9

pairs of long spines beneath.

Thirteen species only belonging to this family have been described, nearly all from

Tropical America. The spiders themselves have the habit of lying quite flat on the

bark of trees, moving with great rapidity, being remarkably Sparassiform in appearance,

and they make an elongate silken egg-cocoon.

SENOCULUS.

Senoculus, Taczanowski, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ix. p. 108 (1872).

Labdacus, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z.S. p. 118 (1873).

Stenoctenus, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxix. p. 340 (1880).

Neothereutes, Holmberg, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, v. p. 35 (1883).

Type of Senoculus, S. maronicus, Tacz., Guiana; of Labdacus, L. monastoides, O. P.-Cambr., Brazil; of

Stenoctenus, S. gracilis, Keys., Peru; of Neothereutes, N. darwini, Holmb., Argentine Republic.

There is but this one genus belonging to the family Senoculide, unless the species

described under Stenoctenus, possessing 9-10 long spines beneath tibie i. and ii., be

regarded as forming a convenient generic group.

The Central-American forms known to me can be recognized as follows :—

Males.

a, Apex of lamina round the inner anterior portion of the bulb of the

palpus much broader and more evidently bifurcate . . . . prolatus, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Apex of lamina round the inner anterior portion of the bulb of the

palpus much narrower and slightly bifid, but simply canaliculate . canaliculatus, sp. nu.

Females.

Tibie i. and ii, with 4—4, and protarsi i. and ii. with 5—5, long

spines beneath.

:399 ' ARANEIDEA.

a. External sclerites of vulva evenly rounded on the outer margins,

sinuously concave on the inner margins, their anterior end hooked,

but very narrow, and very sharp at the apex, with a minute cusp on

the anterior margin. . . . 2 ee ew ee ee ee ee prolatus.

6. External sclerites of vulva emarginate on the outer margins, evenly -

convex on the inner margins, their anterior end forming a broad

hook, not very sharp at the apex, without any minute cusp on the

anterior margin. . 2. 2. eee ee ee ee ew ee Canaaliculatus.

Nors.—S. purpureus (E. Simon) is unknown to me, nor are the characters given in the description sufficient

to enable one to identify it or include it in the Table.

1. Senoculus prolatus, (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 1, la, 6, 3; 2, 2.)

Labdacus prolatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 218, t. 28. figg. 3,

3a-f(3)*.

Type 3d, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 10, 9 12 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith!); Guatemata (Sarg).

2. Senoculus canaliculatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIII. fige. 3, ¢; 4, 4a, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 8, 9 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatmmata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).

The females from Mexico may prove to belong to a different species, when more

material is available for examination.

8. Senoculus purpureus.

Labdacus purpureus, E. Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. v. p. 155 (1880) *.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 8°5 millim.

Hab. Panama}.

This species is very likely identical with the preceding, but without figures it is

almost impossible to identify it.

Fam. HERSILIIDA.

The spiders belonging to this family probably furnish another instance of the survival

of a few examples of an ancient group, of which the greater number of the species have

long since died out, together with the connecting-links, which might have given a clue

to their relation to other existing groups. They sit squatting close to the bark of trees

and move with great rapidity, after the manner of the species of the genus Philodromus.

The tarsal claws are three and the eyes eight in number (see figures).

TAMA. 351

TAMA.

Tama, EK. Simon, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xviii. p. 256 (1882).

Type 7. edwardsi (Lueas). Algeria.

The genus Tama differs from Hersilia of Savigny in having the protarsi of all four

pairs of legs uniarticulate. The apical segment of the posterior pair of spinners is

exceedingly long, as in Hersilia, but thus differing from Hersiliola, E. Simon. The

protarsi, however, of Tama are very weak at about the same point where they are

articulate in Hersilia, a weakness which will probably in time produce a definite

biarticulation.

The maies of the two species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

a. Central lamelliform process of bulb of palpus concave, the upper

portion somewhat hammer-headed, the lower portion not sharply

pointed . ..... Loe Le es » . « . mexicana, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Central lamelliform process of bulb of palpus concave, but the upper

portion not hammer-headed, the lower portion sharp, with a deep

circular emargination between. . . . . . « «© 1 e es . forcipata, sp. n.

1. Tama mexicana. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 5, ¢; 6, 6a-c, 2.)

Hersilia mexicana, O. P.-Cambr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 107, t. 14. figg. 6, 6 a-c

(3),77a(2)°.

Tama mexicana, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 211”.

Type 3d, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Totallength, g¢ 5°75, 2 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith!); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

No definite locality was given by Banks ?.

2. Tama forcipata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIII. fig. 7, ¢.)

Type, d,in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°5 millim.

Hab. GuatEMALA (Sarg).

- The difference between this species and 7. mexicana has been pointed out in the

Table, and can be clearly seen by reference to the figures.

NOTE.

In placing the various families of cribellate forms of the Aranee together in the

present work, it must be understood that this arrangement is made simply for

convenience of reference, since all the species included in them possess at least one

character in common, viz. a cribellum and correlated calamistrum. With regard to

their true systematic position, two theories may be advanced:—(1) The cribellum,

352 ARANEIDEA.

specialized as we now know it, is a very ancient organ, antedating, not only in its

origin, but in its actual functional specialization, the division of the Aranez into the

various broad families at present recognized. If we hold this view, we may regard all

the spiders in which the cribellum is now specialized as the offshoots of some one or

more ancestral forms, divergent in this particular respect from the main body in which

no specialized cribellum was developed. The pair of rudimentary abdominal appendages

whence the cribellum was developed would of course have been possessed by all forms

without exception. All subsequent divergence of the eribellate forms into widely

differing genera or groups, such as Hypochilus, Filistata, Ccobius, Uloborus, Zorocrates,

Psechrus, Amaurobius, &c., would therefore be due to subsequent environmental action .

and reaction.

We should have to explain, too, the extraordinary structural resemblances between,

for instance, Acanthoctenus (cribellate) and Acantheis (non-cribellate) ; Psechrus and

Tegenaria; Amaurobius and Celotes ; Zoropsis, Zorocrates, and the Drassids, cribellate

and non-cribellate forms respectively; and many others, as cases of coincidental convergent

development, under similar conditions, of two distinct branches of spider-forms, long

ago widely divergent, reapproaching each other in the present plane of existence owing

to passage through similar environmental influences.

If this theory be accepted, with the assumptions necessary to its consistency, then

we shall, as Simon has done, divide the Aranez into “‘ Cribellate ” and “ Kcribellate.”

But if not, there is an alternative theory (2), that the cribellum is a comparatively

recent specialization of the anterior surviving pair of abdominal appendages possessed

originally by all early forms, at any rate long post-dating the conditions under which

the divergence into the present groups was initiated.

If we accept this view, we shall have no difficulty in accounting for the extraordinary

resemblances noted above, and we shall find our conclusion more in accordance with

the evidence at present available, furnished by the cribelium, the intermediate organ,

and the vestigial colulus. |

One must admit, however, that in this case we shall have a similar difficulty in

explaining how these rudimentary appendages should acquire a specialization so very

similar in character in such widely divergent groups as are represented by Hypochilus,

Filistata, Deinopis, &c., especially when correlated with another organ, the calamistrum,

situated on almost exactly the same portion of the same segment of the posterior

legs. In all probability, however, the abdominal appendages (which remain in full

evidence in Liphistius) were amongst all ancestral forms more or less adapted, in

connection with internal glands, for secreting and exuding silk; and, in certain cases,

circumstances favoured the correlative specialization of the cribellum in connection

with the calamistrum, and the latter in the exact position we find it, because this

happens to be the only position in which hairs (becoming a row of specialized

bristles) could be swept across the organ and facilitate the dispersal of the silk,

ZOROCRATES. 353

We are thus compelled to choose between the probability of a convergence in general

characters amongst members of originally widely divergent families, or the probability

of a sporadic specialization of two appendages (possessed by all the members of the

original phylum) cropping up here and there and themselves structurally converging

towards a very similar type.

Personally, I am of opinion that the probability lies with the second theory and

that the evidence also tends strongly in this direction; and although it might be much

more convenient, as in the first case, to place the “ Cribellates” together as distinct

from the “ Ecribellates,” I cannot believe that this course furnishes as natural a

classification as that represented in the second case. It seems more probable that the

calamistrum and cribellum have been independently developed and specialized in

different families than that members of groups ancestrally widely divergent should

have converged and assumed general characters so similar as to be scarcely distinguish-

able from each other.

Fam. ZOROPSIDA.

Cribellum and calamistrum present. Eyes 8, in two transverse, more or less parallel rows. Tarsal claws 2,

with rudimentary third claw present. Tarsi and protarsi i. and ii. densely scopulate beneath, continued

to form a false claw-tuft on each side, but without true claw-tuft. Tarsi iii. aud iv. densely scopulate

on each side, but with a broad band of dense fine hair running through the centre.

Tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2—2 spines beneath (or sometimes 4 spines only on the outer side), the last pair

apical, Calamistrum consisting of a small dense cluster of curving bristles, occupying, approximately, the

second apical fifth of the inner side of protarsus iv.

Spinners 6; posterior pair slightly longer than the anterior, terminating in a short conical second segment ;

anterior pair shorter, larger, squarely truncate at the apex; median pair short and laterally compressed.

The cribellum consists of a pair of oval-elongate, shallow, chitinized concavities, divided from each other

by a narrow smooth septum. Mandibular teeth variable, three on upper margin and four on lower margin

of fang-groove.

Eyes in two rows, both slightly procurved ; eyes all subequal, centrals of posterior rows closer, three-fourths of

a diameter apart, one and three quarters from the laterals. Eyes of anterior row equidistant; laterals

three-fourths of a diameter apart. Palpal claw of female obsolete.

ZOROCRATES.

Lycodrassus, 1. Koch, Die Drassiden, Analytical Table, p. 2 (1866) *.

Zorocrates, KE. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 211.

Satricum, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 99 (1892) +.

* The generic name Lycodragsus was published in 1866, but without any typical species being referred to

it, and it cannot therefore take precedence of Zorocrates. A spider labelled Lycodrussus robustus, L. Koch,

from Cordova, Mexico, type, is contained in the Keyserling collection in the British Museum. Dr. L. Koch

writes me that «‘ A detailed description of this species was priuted, but never published, and the specimen in

the Keyserling collection is the type of this description.” The spider itself is one of the Cribellate forms.

+ The name Satricum has been accidentally omitted by Simon in his Index to the Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i.

p. 1081.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., March 1902. 22t

354 ARANEIDEA.

The generic characters are given under those of the family and do not need repetition

here.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Size much larger. Tibia of palpus twice as long as broad. Central

process of bulb slender, falciform, with a small barb on the inner

WAPEIN yo, ee chin daeenirngitly ho ea

B. Size much smaller. Tibia of palpus scarcely longer than broad. Central

process of bulb not falciform, bibranchiate . . . . . «. . «. . ‘mistus, O. P.-Cambr.

Jfuscus, E. Simon.

Females.

A. Size much larger. Vulval area much broader than long, with a broad,

anterior, triangular, chitinous plate having a central semicircular

concavity 2... ww ee ee ee ee ee ee ew. fuscus.

B. Size much smaller. Vulval area slightly longer than broad, with, an-

teriorly, a narrow, semicircular, chitinous margin enclosing a shallow

concavity 2... 1 we ee ee ee ee ee ee we mists.

1. Zorocrates fuscus. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 8, 8a, ¢; 9, 9 a-d, 2.)

Zorocrates fusca, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 212°.

Satricum gnaphosoides, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 99, t. 18. figg. 4,

4a-e(3),5,5a(2)?.

Lycodrassus robustus, L. Koch, in litt.*

Type of 2%. fusca 3, gynetype 2, in coll. E. Simon; that of S. gnaphosoides, ¢ & 2, in coll. Godman &

Salvin ; that of LZ. robustus, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, ¢ 20, 9 24 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (coll. Keyserling *), Amula, Omilteme, Chilpancingo, Chiapas

(H. Ll, Smith); Guatemaua, Tactic (Sarg 2); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

2. Zorocrates mistus. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 10, 10a, 3; 11, 2.)

Zorocrates mistus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 176, t. 21. figg. 9,

9a-g (3), 10, 10a(¢)*.

Rubrius mordax, O. P.-Cambr. Joe. cit. p. 279, t. 87. figg. 1, 1 a-e (¢)*.

Type of Z. mistus 3, gynetype 9, total length, ¢ 9, 2 10 millim.; that of R. mordax, 2, total length

10 millim.: in coll, Godman & Salvin.

Hab. Muxico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith} 2),

Fam. ACANTHOCTENIDA.

Tarsal claws two in number ; claw-tuft present. Calamistrum and cribellum present. Eyes in three rows,

2,4, 2,as in the fam. Ctenide. Carapace compressed, abruptly precipitous posteriorly, often deeply

impressed behind the cephalic region, hence often gibbous in the region of the central stria. Labium

half the length of the maxille, Mavxille long, straight, emarginate on the outer side, dilate and obliquely

ACANTHOCTENUS. 359

truncate at the apex. Each fang-groove of mandibles with three teeth. Legs spinose; tibia i. and ii.

with 7-9 pairs of long movable spines beneath ; protarsi i. and ii. with four pairs of long spines beneath.

Abdomen with small pencils of fine hairs arranged longitudinally down the dorsal and lateral areas.

Sternum nearly circular. Palpus of female bearing a pectinated claw. Calamistrum consisting of a

small oval tuft of fine curved hairs on the second fifth of protarsus iv. from the basal end. Cribellum

consisting of a pair of oval-elongate or triangular concavities divided by a more or less distinct narrow

septum.

One genus only of this family is known, exclusively confined to the Neotropical

region, where there have hitherto been taken but four species—one on the Lower

Amazons, a second at Pernambuco, the third in Mexico and Guatemala, the fourth

in various parts of Central America. One or other of the latter species has also been

recorded from Venezuela and Ecuador.

ACANTHOCTENUS.

Acanthoctenus, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 693 (1876).

Type A. spinigerus, Keyserling (¢). Mexico.

The generic characters will be found amongst those of the family. The spiders

themselves live under the bark of trees or beneath stones, constructing a loose web, '

clothed with a flocculent silk. They squat flat against the surface, after the manner

of the Sparassids, and move with great rapidity when disturbed.

Two species are known to me as occurring in Central America. ‘They may be

distinguished as follows :—

Males.

a. Tibia of palpus, seen from above, scarcely longer than the patella, curving

outward and distinctly gibbous at the middle of the outer side. Tibial

spur stouter, its point blunt and directed at right angles outward. . . . spinigerus, Keys.

b. Tibia of palpus, seen from above, distinctly longer than the patella, parallel-

sided, straight, not gibbous on the outer side. Tibial spur more slender,

more acutely pointed, directed obliquely forward . . . . . . . . « spinipes, Keys.

Females.

a. Vulval area narrower anteriorly, but the central pale portion is broader at the

posterior margin. ©. ee ee eee ee ee . Spinigerus.

b. Vulval area broader anteriorly, but the central pale portion narrows towards

the posterior margm . «1 1 ew ew ww ee ee ee wo Sptnipes.

Norsz.—I am not at all confident that the two forms of the female vulva here figured belong to distinct

pecies. Neither, in any case, can I be sure to which of the two males here distinguished these females belong,

whether they represent one or two species. If they are the sexual complement of spinigerus, Keys., then this

name has priority and spinipes becomes its synonym, and the male here referred to spinipes requires

another name. If, however, the females are all the sexual complements of this latter male form then the

name spinipes will stand and the male spinigerus will be without its sexual complement.

2 af 2

506 ARANEIDEA.

1. Acanthoctenus spinigerus. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 12, 124,63; 18,

13 a-e, 2.)

Acanthoctenus spinigerus, Keyserling, Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 693, t. 2 (8). fig. 60 (3)'s

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 2777.

Type 3d, deuterotype 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, ¢ 10, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (coll. Keyserling!), Mexico city, Minatitlan, Orizaba ? ;

GUATEMALA (Sarg).

2. Acanthoctenus spinipes. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 14, 14a, ¢ ; 10, ¢.)

Acanthoctenus spinipes, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvi. p. 695, t. 2 (8). fig. 61 (? )’.

Type 2, deuterotype ¢, in Mus. Brit. Total length, 9 143, ¢ 10 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (coll. Keyserling) ; Costa Rica (Rogers).—Cotomsia, Bogota’.

Fam, PSECHRIDZ.

The members of this family bear a very strong resemblance to those of the Agelenide,

more especially to the genus Zegenaria; and in all probability they constitute a

cribellate form of that group.

The chief characters will be found below under Metafecenia.

METAFECENIA, gen. nov.

Type M. albolineata, sp. n.(¢). Mexico.

Tarsal claws three. Eyes in two rows, the anterior straight, the posterior procurved; eyes of anterior row

about one-third of a diameter apart, centrals larger than the laterals; central posteriors larger than the

laterals, half a diameter apart, a full diameter from the laterals. Clypeus one-half larger than an anterior

central eye. Upper margin of the fang-groove with three unequal teeth ; lower with four equal and

adjacent equidistant teeth. Labium twice as long as broad, two-thirds the length of the maxille.

Sternum oval, slightly longer than broad. Cribellum consisting of two narrow, elongate, transverse plates

divided by a narrow septum (that of the young female consisting of a row of short curved bristles on the

protarsus on the inner side).

Leg i. 45, iv. 42, ii. 35, iii. 30 millim. in length. Patelle without spines; tibie i. and ii. with 2—2—2—2

spines beneath, the last; pair apical, and 1—1 laterals on each side; protarsi i. and ii. with three pairs of

irregularly situated spines beneath and some laterals.

The spiders from which the above characters are taken differ from both Fecenia and

Psechrus in that the posterior row of eyes is procurved, the eyes of both rows being

much closer together than in the former. In general appearance they are very like

Tegenaria.

A single species occurs in our collection, but is represented only by adult males and

a single immature female.

METAFECENIA. 307

1. Metafecenia albolineata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIII. fige. 16, 16a, , ¢;

17, 17a, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 12 millim.

Legs 1,4, 2,3. Colour yellow-brown ; carapace with a very narrow line of white hairs running down the centre,

two short ones on each side of the ocular area, and a broad submarginal band of white hairs. Abdomen

pale olive-green, paler beneath, with two broken parallel lines of white hairs running from the anterior

margin almost to the spinners. Legs unicolorous yellow-brown; sternum paler.

Tibia of palpus with a tuft of long hairs beneath ; one-half longer than the patelle, slightly curved outwards,

with a short, stout, black, blunt, apical spur, directed almost at right angles to the segment on the outer

side. Tarsus nearly as long as the tibia; bulb with a stout curving spine, directed forwards, on the outer

margin ; the inner side of the bulb being produced into a stout lobe, its apex bifurcate, with another dark

spine lying beneath its apex, this spine also lying within the concavity of a diaphanous white membrane.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Fam. DICTYNIDA.

Tarsal claws three. Cribellum present, usually (but not always) divided in the centre by a narrow septum ;

calamistrum consisting of a long double or single series of curved bristles extending from near the base

either to the middle point or almost to the apex of the inner side of protarsus iv. Legs with or without

spines. Eyes in two more or less parallel rows, subequal, varying in their relative position,

The spiders belonging to this family spin an irregular web over the surface of the

walls of outhouses, on wooden palisading round gardens, or amongst the leaves of

shrubs, the heads of rushes and grasses, under bark of trees, &c. The habit of Dictyna

parietalis is precisely similar to that of D. uncinata, so common on wooden palisadings

and amongst the foliage of trees and shrubs in England and on the Continent.

Two genera only have been recorded from Central America, Dictyna and Temecula ;

but I have also given the characters of Thallumetus, E. Simon, and Ciniflo, Blackwall,

in the Table, for the sake’of comparison. They may be distinguished as follows :—

GENERA,

a. Calamistrum consisting of a single row of curved bristles extending

from about one-fifth from the base almost to the apex of pro-

tarsus iv. Legs (of females, at all events) devoid of spines,

1. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved . . . . . . . . Dicryna, Sund.

2. Posterior row of eyes slightly procurved.

a’, Central posterior eyes nearer to each other than to the

laterals 2... ww. ek ek kk Temecua, O. P.-Cambr.

b’. Central posterior eyes further from each other than from

the laterals. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1, » 2 o+ . 4 . . [THattumetus, E. Simon.]

6. Calamistrum consisting of a double row of curved bristles ex-

tending from about one-fifth from the base to scarcely beyond

the middle of protarsus iv. Legs very spinose in both sexes . [Crn1FLo, Blackw.]

Nore.—I do not know Thallumetus and have assumed that in the characters drawn from the calamistrum

and the armature of the legs it resembles Dictyna— cui valde affinis et subsimilis est,” according to Simon,

Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2,1. p. 241.

358 ARANEIDEA.

DICTYNA.

Dictyna, Sundevall, Consp. Arachn. p. 16 (1838).

Mallos, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 308 (1902).

Type of Dictyna, D. benigna, Walck.=arundinacea, Linn., Europe ; of Mallos, M. niveus, O. P.-Cambridge,

Mexico.

The spiders belonging to this genus differ from Temecula in having the posterior

row of eyes slightly recurved. Dictyna will probably prove to be well represented

throughout the northern portion of the Central-American region. ‘The type on which

Mallos is based is an immature male; other examples, male and female adult, occur

in the collection before me, and I can find no valid reason for separating the species

from the present genus.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

| Males.

a. Tibia of palpus with an apical spur ; posterior portion of bulb con-

voluted, but not distinctly spiraloid . . . . . parietalis, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Tibia of palpus without any apical spur ; posterior sibetionl of bulb

distinctly spiraloid. . 2. 2. 2. 1 1 ew ee ee ee ee nived, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

a. External chitinous concavities of vulva elongate-piriform, pos-

teriorly convergent. . . . . 2. . © © © «© «© «© «© ~~ grandis, O. P.-Cambr.

. External chitinous concavities of vulva circular.

1. Inner margins of chitinous concavities almost in contact ;

posterior margin of vulva presenting a pair of oval-circular

adjacent brown discs . . ... . . ae ee parietalis.

2. Inner margins of chitinous concavities widely separaté, two and |

a half diameters apart ; posterior margin of vulva presenting

no discs, but a pair of inconspicuous black spots . . . . . nivea.

Norr.—It is possible that D. menzata, Banks, is identical with D. parietalis (6 ), for they both have a spur

on the tibia of the palpus.

1. Dictyna parietalis, (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 18, ¢; 19, 9.)

Dictyna parietalis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 171, t. 21. figg. 5,

5a-e (3), 6, 6a, b (2) (1896) °.

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 9, 3°5 millim.

flab. Muxico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith?).

2. Dictyna nivea. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 20, 20a, 3; 21, 2.)

Mallos niveus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p- 3808, t. 35. figg. 1

la-f(g)’

Type 3 (immature), deuterotype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3:5, 2 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith!); Guaremana (Sarg).

DICTYNA.—DEINOPIS. 309

3. Dictyna grandis. (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 22, 22a, b, 2.)

Dictyna grandis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 172, t. 21. figg. 4,

4a-d(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo! and Amula in Guerrero, Orizaba (H. H. Smith).

4. Dictyna texana.

Dictyna texana, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 283°.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic}.

5. Dictyna miniata.

Dictyna miniata, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 233, t. 14. fig. 25 (g) (1898) '.

Type, d, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 3°6 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Guaymas 1}.

TEMECULA.

Temecula, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 170 (1896).

Type 7’. mexicana, O. P.-Cambridge (3). Mexico.

1. Temecula mexicana, (Tab. XXXIII. figg. 23. ¢; 24, 24a-c, 2.)

Temecula mexicana, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 170, t. 22. figg. 8,

8a-h (3)’.

Type ¢, deuterotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5°75, 2 6 millim.

The two sexes are very similar in colour, but the male is darker than the female. Carapace brown. Abdomen

unicolorous olive-brown. Femora, coxe, and trochanters of legs red-brown or black, the rest yellow.

For the palpus of the male, see the Plate.

The vulva of the female is not at all characteristic, and it is doubtful whether the external chitinous parts

are sufficiently detailed to be of any use for purposes of comparison.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa!, Amula (H. . Smith).

Fam. DEINOPID.

Eyes eight; central posteriors immensely enlarged, advanced forwards, and taking up a vertical position.

Legs very long and slender. Tarsal claws three. Cribellum elongate, transverse, narrow, not divided

by aseptum. Calamistrum occupying less than the basal half of protarsus iv.

DEINOPIS.

Deinopis, MacLeay, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 11. p. 8 (Sept. 1838).

Type D. lamia, MacLeay (2 ). Cuba.

The two species belonging to this genus which occur in our collection may be

recognized as follows :-—

360 ARANEIDEA.

Males and Females.

a. Central posterior eyes without any horn-like spurs above. Carapace parallel-

sided, twice as long as broad. Femur i. with a fringe of hairs on the inner

side basally. Abdomen very long, without tubercles. . . . . + « + Jomgipes, sp. n.

b. Central posterior eyes with a horn-like spur above. Carapace much broader

just behind the cephalic area. Femur i. without any basal fringe of hair

on the inner side. Abdomen () with two tubercles on each side before

the middle; (§) with an additional pair of tubercles in front at the

shoulders . 2. 1. 1 1 ew ee eee ee ee ee eee + Guritus, SP. D.

1. Deinopis longipes, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 1, la-c, g; 2, 2a, b, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 19, 9 25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mexican Boundary, Rio Yxcam (mus. Godman & Salvin), Atoyac in

Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith) ; Guatemata (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The female of this spider appears, at first sight, to be identical with D. spinipes,

Marx, from Florida. The figure of the vulva, however, given by Marx, is, curiously

enough, identical in shape with that of the next species, D. auritus, which is obviously

quite a distinct form.

2. Deinopis auritus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 3, ¢; 4, 4a-e, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 14, @ 15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Dugés).

One would be inclined to treat this spider as generically distinct from the preceding

species, but without being able at present to study the whole group thoroughly, I leave

it under Deinopis.

Fam. ULOBORIDA.

The spiders comprehended in this family probably have no near relations amongst

existing forms; so that it is difficult to place them in any system of classification.

They represent possibly the survivors of larger groups, the majority of whose members

have long since died out.

The three genera represented in our collection may be distinguished as follows :—

GENERA.

a. Calamistrum occupying only the basal half of protarsus iv.

1. Central posterior eyes nearer to each other than to the

lateral posteriors . . . . . . - « «+ « Uxosorus, Walck.

2. Central posterior eyes much further from each other than

from the lateral posteriors . . . os + + . « » . ARiston, O. P.-Cambr.

6, Calamistrum occupying almost the whole length of protarsus iv. Mu1acrammopss, O. P.-Cambr.

ULOBORUS. 361

ULOBORUS.

Uloborus, Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. i. p. 109 (1806).

Type U. walekenaerius, Latreille. Europe.

The species belonging to this genus differ from the types of Miagrammopes and

Ariston in having the central posterior eyes nearer to each other than to the laterals.

They live mostly a semi-parasitic life in the webs of large Nephile and other spiders,

sometimes also in colonies. The commonest tropical form, U. geniculatus, is usually

abundant in outbuildings, where the beautiful pink angular cocoons can be seen

hanging in the webs.

The species which are known to me may be distinguished by the following

characters. U. diversus, U. albineus, and U. formosus cannot be included in the

Table, for I am unable to appreciate their differential characters :—

Males.

a. Apical lobe of the bulb of the palpus produced into a short, sharp,

curved spur. Carapace with a dentated pale band running down

the centre from the posterior eyes. . . signatus, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Apical lobe of the bulb of the palpus not produced to form a spur.

Carapace with a basal central and two large oval submarginal

pale blotches. 2. 1. . we 1 ee ee eee ee ee geniculatus, Oliv.

Females.

A. Tibia i. normal, not fringed with hairs in the apical half.

I. Legs annulate, black, brown, and white.

a. Carapace brown, with a pale dentated band down the centre.

a’. See figure of vulva. . . 2. 2. 2 1 ew ew ee ee StYnatus.

bY. See figure of vulva. . © 1. 1 1 ew ee ew ee «vicinus, O. P.-Cambr. |

b. Carapace brown, with a pale, basal, central spot and pale

marginal bands.

l. See figure of vulva . 2. 2. 2 2 ww wee ee Cvariegatus, O. P.-Cambr.

2. See figure ofvulva . . . . Le Loe . . geniculatus.

Il. Legs pale, unicolorous, or with only the tibia and patella L.

wholly or partially black.

a. Tibia i., and often patella also, entirely or partially black.

Emargination of the posterior margin of the vulva much _

broader, semicircular . . . . . 1. sw. ss © Gtnereus, O. P.-Cambr.,

b°. Tibia i. pale, unicolorous. Emargination of vulva much _

narrower, /\-shaped . . . . . spernax, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibia i. clothed with a fringe of hairs above and beneath anteriorly. americanus, Walck.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., May 1902. 3 aL

362 ARANEIDEA.

1. Uloborus signatus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 5, ¢; 6,64, 2.)

Uloborus signatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 264, t. 38. figg. 9,

9 a-e (3), 10, 10a-c (2)’.

Type d, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 2 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith *); GuaTEMALA, Cubilguitz, Rio Santa

Isabel, Tikal (Sarg).

2. Uloborus vicinus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 7,7, 2.)

Uloborus vicinus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 266, t. 38. figg. 12,

12 a-h(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Muxtco, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

3. Uloborus variegatus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 8, 8a, 2.)

Uloborus variegatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 266, t. 38. figg. 11,

lla-g (?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (7. H. Smith ?).

4. Uloborus geniculatus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 9, 9a, ¢; 10, 10a-e, 2.)

Aranea geniculata, Olivier, Encycl. Méthod. iv. p. 214’.

Uloborus geniculatus, McCook, Amer. Spiders, iii. p. 278, t. 27. figg. 1, l a-d (¢),2,2a(¢) (1879)’;

F. P. Cambr. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 332°.

Uloborus zosis, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 231, t. 20. figg. 1, 2°.

Uloborus latreillii, Thorell, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. xv. p. 197°.

Orithyia williamsii, Blackwall, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) ii. p. 331°.

Uloborus domesticus, Doleschall, Act. Soc. Sc. Ind. Neerl. v. p. 467.

Uloborus borbonicus, Vinson, Aran. Réunion, p. 258, t. 1. fig. 3°.

Hab. Norta America, Gulf States1?47; Costa Rica (mus. Godman & Salvin).—

Sourn America, Amazons (/. 0. P.C.), Pernambuco (Williams *); ANTILLES, Guade-

loupe !; Banama Is.°.—Bourson (Reunion)§; Matay ARCHIPELAGO’; AUSTRALIA

(L. Koch).

This large species is truly cosmopolitan, being found throughout the tropics of both

hemispheres, as well as in more temperate regions in America.

5. Uloborus cinereus. (Tab. XXXIV. fig. 11, ¢.)

Uloborus cinereus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 265, t. 33. figg. 13,

13 a-d (?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, ‘otal length 2°75 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

ULOBORUS. 56

6. Uloborus spernax. (Tab. XXXIV. fig. 12, 2.)

Uloborus spernaz, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 265, t. 33. figg. 12,

12 a-d(?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

The statement in Vol. I. p. 265, that the calamistrum extends only over the posterior

half of the metatarsus, is evidently a slip. It does not differ in its position from that

of others of the genus.

7. Uloborus americanus.

Uloborus americanus, Walck. Ins. Apt. il, p. 229"; F. P.-Cambr. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)

Vil. p. 332°. .

Uloborus plumipes, Lucas, Expl. Algér., Anim. Art. i. p. 252, t. 15. fig. 8°; McCook, Amer.

Spid. ili. p. 274, t. 27. figg. 8, 3 a-e (2), 4,4a,5(g)*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3)

i, p. 234°.

Phillyra mammeata, Hentz, Spid. U.S. p. 129, t. 14. fig. 16°.

Phillyra riparia, Hentz, op. cit. p. 180, t. 14. fig. 177%.

Uloborus villosus, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, iii. p. 278, t. 11. fig. 6°.

Hab. Norta America, New England, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Alabama, Pacific coast +.—

Mexico, Tepic (Banks *); Guatemaua (Sarg).—Bauama Is. ?.

8. Uloborus diversus.

Uloborus diversus (Marx), Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 234, t. 15. fig. 17 (2)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 5-5 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Guaymas }.

9. Uloborus albineus.

Uloborus albineus (Marx), Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 235, t. 15. fig. 18 (9) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 4-2 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Hermosillo in Sonora}.

10. Uloborus formosus.

Uloborus formosus (Marx), Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 234, t. 14. fig. 31 (¢)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba !.

The figures given by Banks of this and the two preceding species are not sufficient

for purposes of identification. ‘The vulva, moreover, is not figured.

3 at 2.

364 ARANEIDEA.

ARISTON.

Ariston, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 216 (1896).

Type -A. albicans, O. P.-Cambr. (2). Mexico.

This spider differs from the type of Uloborus in that the central posterior eyes are

much further apart than from the laterals, from Miagrammopes in that the central

posteriors are larger than the lateral posteriors.

1. Ariston albicans.

Ariston albicans, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 216, t. 27. figg. 9,

9a-d (?)".

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:25 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

MIAGRAMMOPES.

Miagrammopes, O. P.-Cambridge, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 400 (1869).

Type MM. thwaitesii, O. P.-Cambridge. Ceylon.

The spiders belonging to this genus may be distinguished from those of Uloborus

and Ariston by the fact that the calamistrum occupies nearly the entire length of

protarsus iv. J had several opportunities of observing their habits in the forests of

the Lower Amazons. ‘They lie motionless, stretched straight out on a web, similar

to that of Hyptiotes.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows. Our specimens of

M. lineatus, however, are too much shrivelled and too small to afford any useful

characters :—

Females.

1. Colour black. Abdomen with four white spots about the middle

and three dull white oblique blotches on each side. Carapace

more than one-half longer than broad. Tibia iv. nearly twice as

long as the protarsus and tarsus iv. taken together . . . . . mexicanus, O. P.~Cambr.

2. Colour olive-green. Abdomen with an irregular band of white

spots on each side of the dorsal area. Carapace scarcely longer

than broad. Tibia iv. scarcely longer than protarsus and

tarsus iv. taken together. . . 2. 2. 1. 1 ww. ee ee alboguttatus, sp. n.

1. Miagrammopes mexicanus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 13, 13a, 2.)

Miagrammopes mexicanus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 116, t, 15.

— figg. 7, 7a-d (¢)’. !

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Hab, Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith }),

MIAGRAMMOPES. 365

2. Miagrammopes lineatus.

Miagrammopes lineatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 137, t. 17.

figg. 12, 1l2a-c (¢)'.

Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, of type 3°5, of an adult 2 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

38. Miagrammopes alboguttatus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 14,14 a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace olive-green, darker brown towards the margins. Legs olive-green, patella and apex of tibia iv.

darker. Abdomen yellowish-olive-green, with a broad dusky central band, four pairs of small black

dots, and a wavy white band on each side, resolving itself into two (or more) white spots on each side.

The small eyes in this species are entirely obsolete.

Hab. GuatemaLa, Gualebalhix, Rio Negro (Sarg).

Fam. PHOLCIDE.

The members of this family may be at once recognized by their long slender legs

and comparatively small bodies, and in their habits and the form of the web they

resemble the various forms of Theridiide.

The genera represented in our collection may be separated by the following more

easily observed characters :—

GENERA.

A. Sternum produced behind into a blunt point. . . . . . . . Arrema, Walck.

B. Sternum not produced, but sparsely truncate behind.

a. Posterior row of eyes forming a recurved or straight line.

1. Eye-groups remote from the margin of the carapace.

a’. Eyes situated more closely together, not separated laterally

into two distinct groups. . . . . . . ss . . Moopisimvs, E. Simon.

b'. Eyes more widely separate, the laterals forming two distinct

groups.

a. Eyeseight. . 2. . 1. 1. «+ ee ww ~)6Paysocycius, E, Simon.

b°, Eyes six.

a’. Eyes small and less projecting . . . . . . . . SpermopuHora, Hentz.

b*. Eyes larger and more projecting. . . . . . « « Moeraconta, E. Simon.

2, Eye-groups situated on the margin of the carapace . . . . Mucromerys, Bradley.

b. Posterior row of eyes forming a procurved line . . . . . . Coryssocnemis, E. Simon.

Nore.—The characters given in this Table are not satisfactory, so far as they apply to the whole family of

Pholcids, but the adoption of others, probably more obscure, though perhaps more reliable, would involve a

minute examination of the entire group.

366 ARANEIDEA.

ARTEMA.

Artema, Walckenaer, Ins. Apt. i. p. 656 (1833).

Type A. atlanta, Walckenaer. Brazil.

This genus can be at once distinguished from all others of the family by the

acuminated posterior portion of the sternum. Only one species occurs in Central

America, and it is quite cosmopolitan, being found all over the Neotropical and

Paleotropical Regions. This spider has been described under various names by

different authors; but having minutely examined numerous examples of it in the

British Museum Collection, from the Antilles, the Amazons, Mauritius, East Indies

(Karachi and Poona), and the Malay Archipelago, 1 am convinced that they are

identical. There are slight individual differences, it is true, in the form of the

chitinous processes on the male palpus, and also in the exact position of the eyes,

but these characters cannot, in my opinion, be regarded as of specific importance.

E. Simon considers A. atlanta and A. mauriciana to be different species; but

examples from St. Vincent (Antilles), identified by him as A. atlanta, are identical

with others received from Mauritius, and also with the large number taken by me at

Santarem, on the Lower Amazons.

1. Artema atlanta. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 15, 15a, b, ¢; 16, 164, 9.)

Artema atlanta, Walck. Ins. Apt. i. p. 656*; Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. x. p. 103 (1873) °.

Artema atlantica, Banks, Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci. (3) i. p. 212°.

Artema mauriciana, Waick. Ins. Apt. 1. p. 657, t. 15. fig. 1*.

Pholcus borbonicus, Vinson, Aran. Réunion, p. 182, t. 3. fig. 4 (9 )’.

Artema convexa, Blackwall, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. p. 832°.

Pholcus sisyphoides, Doleschall, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xiii. p. 408 (1857).

Pholcus dorie, Thorell, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xvii. p. 180 (1881).

Artema atalanta, E. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 519°.

Hab. NortH America, Lower California ®,—Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer).

—SovutH AMERICA, Cayenne 7, Brazil!, Pernambuco *, Lower Amazons (fF. 0.P.C.);

ANTILLES, St. Vincent °.—Perrsia’; Mavritius¢; Réunion ®; Mauay ARCHIPELAGO 7.

MODISIMUS.

Modisimus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 485 (1898).

Type M. glaucus, E. Simon. Antilles.

Mandibles not striate on the outer side in either sex. The lateral and central posterior eyes not distinctly

separated into two groups as in the other genera of the Pholcide.

The species occurring in our collection may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

a. Small anterior central eyes present. Spinules in front of man-

dibles much less numerous. Femoral spur of palpus longer and

MODISIMUS. 367

more curved; process of tarsal sheath straight, pointed, not

geniculate 2... . . . ew ee ee ee ee imornatus, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Small anterior central eyes absent. Spinules in front of mandibles

much more numerous. Femoral spur of palpus shorter and almost

straight ; process of tarsal sheath strongly geniculate, bent

suddenly downward, its point broken up into a membranous

brush-like structure . 2... 1 1 1 ee ee ee ee propinguus, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

a. Small anterior central eyes present. Vulval plates transverse

rectangular, its posterior angles sharp* . . . . . . . . « éornatus.

6. Small anterior central eyes absent.

1. Vulval plate semicircular, posterior margin raised, leaving a trans-

verse cavity . . . 26 . 2... ee ee ew ee ee) 6maculatipes, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Vulval plate transverse rectangular, with angles rounded, having

anteriorly a pair of orifices . . . . . » » « « « « « putus, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Modisimus inornatus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 17, 17a, 4, 3; 18, 2.)

Modisimus inornatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 149, t. 20. figg. 7,

7a-e (9), t. 82. figg. 4, 4a-e (g)*.

Modisimus propinguus, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. pp. 223, 303, t. 27. fig. 8f (9, nec d)’.

Type 2, androtype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 2°75, g 2:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith} 2),

2. Modisimus propinquus, (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 19, 19a, b, 3.)

Modisimus propinquus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 223, t. 27. figg. 8,

8a-e (gd, nec 2)”.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (1. H. Smith *).

The female ascribed to this species in Vol. I. (p. 223) is identical with M. inornatus,

O. P.-Cambr. ( 2 ).

3. Modisimus maculatipes. (Tab. XXXIV. fig. 20, 2.)

Modisimus maculatipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 148, t. 20. figg. 5,

5a-e (9)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

* The figure of the vulva in Vol. I. t. 20. fig. 7 ¢, showing a convex process, is incorrect. The convexity

is simply due to an accidental extrusion of membrane from within.

368 ARANEIDEA.

4. Modisimus putus. (Tab. XXXIV. fig. 21, ¢.)

Modisimus putus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 148, t. 20. figg. 6,6 a-e (9).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith 3).

PHYSOCYCLUS.

Physocyclus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. 2, i. p. 470 (1893).

Decetia, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,; Arachn. Aran. i. p. 234 (1898).

Type of Physocyclus, P. globosus, Taczanowski (=P. gibbosus, Keyserling), Cayenne ; that of Decetza,

D. incisa, O. P.-Cambridge, Mexico.

Eyes eight. Mandibles striate in both sexes. The lateral and central posterior eyes separated into two

distinct groups.

The species occurring in our collection may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

Size smaller. Tooth on mandibles rather shorter, seen in profile.

Cusp-like granulations on the front of the mandibles much less

numerous, 10-12 on each. Bulb of palpus much smaller, globular-

reniform, its process broader, apically truncate, corrugated along ©

the inner margin, with a short spur near the apex, but without a

black concave chitinous lobe near its base in front . . . - - - globosus, Tacz.

Size larger. Tooth on mandibles longer. Cusp-like granulations on

the front of the mandibles much more numerous, 30-40 on each.

Bulb of palpus much larger, inflated-globular, its process narrower,

apically tapering to a blunt point, without a spur near its apex,

but with a conspicuous, black, concave, chitinous lobe near its base

infront... ee ee eee ee ew we ew ee.) Gugesi, E, Simon.

Females.

Carapace deeply grooved in the middle and with a longer or shorter

conical cusp posteriorly, its point slightly inclined forward, opposed

by an oval chitinous plate on the abdomen. . . . . globosus.

6. Carapace grooved in the middle, but evenly rounded behind, without

cusp or plate on the abdomen.

1. Size much larger. Vulval processes very conspicuous, the anterior

one directed backward, bluntly pointed in profile, bifid to the base

from beneath . . «ee 1 ee ew ee we we duge si.

2. Size much smaller. Vulval area without processes, with simply a

transverse chitinous rim having a small cavity at eachend. . . rotundus, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Physocyclus globosus. (Tab. XXXIV. figg. 22, 22a, 6, 3; 23, 2.)

Pholcus globosus, Tacz. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. x. p. 105 (1873) '; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3)

i. p. 218°.

Physocyclus globosus, E. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1894, p. 519°.

PHYSOCYCLUS. 369

Pholcus gibbosus, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii. p. 208, t. 7. figg. 2, 2a (?) (1877) °.

Decetia incisa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 234, t. 29. figg. 1, l a-e (2) *.

Type, 2, of P. globosus in Mus. Warsaw; of P. gibbosus in Mus. Brit.; of D. incisa in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length, 9, 4°5 millim.

Hab. Norra America, Lower California? +.— Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith+).—

CoLomsiA, Bogota?; Guiana, Cayenne}.

The female of this species bears on the anterior part of the abdomen a small, oval,

roughened, chitinous plate, which is adapted to work against the conical cusp on the

carapace, evidently constituting a stridulating-organ. ‘The anterior process of the vulva

is directed forward, but sharply recurved, pointed in profile, bifid from beneath. The

mandibles are striated on the outer side in both sexes.

2. Physocyclus dugesi. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 1, la-d, 3; 2, 2a, b, 2.)

Physocyclus dugesi, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1893, p. 320°.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 6°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés!), Amula (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg); Costa

Rica (Sarg).

The anterior process of the vulva is directed backward, straight, and bluntly pointed,

deeply bifid to the base, when seen from beneath. ‘The mandibles are striated on the

outer side in both sexes.

3. Physocyclus rotundus. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 3,34, }, 2.)

Physocyclus rotundus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 263, t. 39. figg. 3,

3a-c (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Coban (Sarg 1).

The vulval area is very inconspicuous, limited by three parallel chitinous lines, the

anterior one shorter and slightly procurved, the posterior longer and recurved, the

central one sinuous, with a small oval cavity at each end. ‘The absence of any

stridulating-bars on the mandible will probably furnish a good generic character.

Unfortunately, however, there are no males of this species in our collection.

4, Physocyclus mexicanus.

Physocyclus mexicanus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 218, t. 18. fig. 40 (9) °.

Type, 2, im coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

This species, which is allied to P. dugesi, can be recognized by the very long anterior

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., May 1902. 3 BL

370 _ARANEIDEA.

vulval processes, but Banks does not say how they appear from beneath—a very

important point.

SPERMOPHORA.

Spermophora, Hentz, Amer. Journ. Sci. xli. p. 117 (1841).

Type S. meridionalis, Hentz. Alabama.

Eyes six, in two groups, separated by a diameter of an anterior lateral eye; the anterior centrals being

obsolete.

A single species only of this genus occurs in our collection.

1. Spermophora placens. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 4, 4a, 2.)

Spermophora placens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 222, t. 27. figg. 10,

10a-c(¢?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith*)

METAGONIA.

Metagonia, EK. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 472 (1893).

Type UM. bifida, E. Simon. Brazil.

Eyes six, as in Spermophora, but larger and more projecting.

A single species only of this genus is represented in our collection.

1. Metagonia caudata. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 5, 5a, 3.)

Metagonia caudata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 150, t. 21. figg. 8,

8a-d (¢), t. 31. figg. 7, 7 a-e (¢)*.

Type °, androtype g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9, 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith").

MICROMERYS.

Micromerys, Bradley, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ii. p. 118 (1877).

Type M. gracilis, Bradley. Australia.

Eyes six, the two groups situated on the margin of the carapace.

1. Micromerys delicatus. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 6, 6a, 3.)

Micromerys delicatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 149, t. 21. figg. 7,

Za-c(¢)*.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

CORYSSOCNEMIS. 371

CORYSSOCNEMIS.

Coryssocnemis, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, 1. p. 483 ( 1893).

Type C. callaica, EK. Simon. South America.

Eyes eight, anterior row straight. Mandibles not striate in either sex.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Females.

a, Anterior process of the vulva simple, conical. . . . . «© . «© + « Simoni, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Anterior process of the vulva distinctly furculate . . . . . . - . furcula, sp. n.

1. Coryssocnemis simoni. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 7, 7a, b, 2.)

Coryssocnemis simoni, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 237, t. 31. figg. 9,

9a-f (?)*.

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (ZZ. H. Smith ').

2. Coryssocnemis furcula, sp.n. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 8, 8a, 4, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Guatemaa, Tecpam in the Los Altos region 7000 feet (Stod/).

Very similar to C. simoni, but instantly recognizable by the furculate anterior vulval

process.

The following species is unknown to me :—

Pholcus cordatus, Bilimek, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. p. 907 (1867) !.—Haé.

Mexico, cave of Cacahuamilpa }.

Fam, THERIDIIDA.

The spiders belonging to this family may readily be distinguished from those of the

Argyopide, which more nearly resemble them in general habit and appearance

(Linyphia, &c.), by the possession of a distinct comb on the tarsi of the fourth pair of

legs. This organ, which is used for flinging silk, often in a quite liquid state, over the

entangled prey, was long ago noticed by Lucas and O. Pickard-Cambridge, and has

been fully described by myself in the ‘Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science’ for

1890. It has since been recognized by E. Simon as a distinctive family character

(Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 491).

In their habits the Theridiide do not very greatly differ, except that a certain

number of them (e. g. Episinus) make no web at all, or spin a very few cross-lines

3 Bf 2

372 ARANEIDEA.

only. The web of the true Theridion consists of a tangled mass of crossing threads, in

the middle of which the spider hangs head downwards, while the egg-cocoon—some-

times one, sometimes three or more, circular or pear-shaped—is concealed within a

neighbouring leaf, or hangs in the toil itself, as in Steatoda tepidariorum, Latrodectus,

&c. One very distinct group of these spiders may be recognized by the possession in

the male sex of a stridulating-organ, formed by the toothed and chitinous margin of

the cavity on the anterior portion of the abdomen rubbing against the convex granulate

surface of the posterior portion of the carapace (Asagena, Teutana, Lithyphantes,

Coleosoma, &c.). Another group (Latrodectus) is remarkable for the evil reputation,

which its members have long enjoyed, of being able to inflict a most dangerously

poisonous bite. Although there is abundant testimony of serious consequences from

the bite or sting of some insect or spider living in the places where Latrodectus is

found, there is still great need of direct evidence as to the actual culprit. The spiders

themselves are very handsome, with their jet-black bodies slashed and spotted with

vermilion.

One of the more interesting members of the family (Anelosimus socialis) passes its

life, not in the semi-solitary condition which prevails amongst the majority, but in a

community consisting of many hundreds. The communal snare in this case is often

immense, covering bushes and shrubs to the height of ten or twelve feet and often a

yard or more in width. Perhaps the most beautiful of all the Theridiide are, however,

those belonging to the genus Argyrodes ; they are mostly very small, but their bodies

are spangled with brilliant silver, so that when hanging in the webs of the larger

Argyopide (Nephila &c.} they shine like drops of water in the sunlight, a resemblance

which doubtless serves them as a protection against their enemies. Allied to these are

the curious forms belonging to the genus Ariamnes, which have the abdomen prolonged

into a worm-like appendage; this, as I have myself observed in Brazil, is wriggled to

and fro, looking like a small caterpillar. But of what service to the spider this

accomplishment may be is not easy to guess; for on the one hand it seems likely to

attract the attention of grub-eating wasps and ants, though on the other it may attract,

within striking distance, gnats and small flies who become curious to ascertain what

the wriggling phenomenon may portend. |

The various genera into which the members of the family are divided may be

recognized by the following characters, though it cannot be declared that in all cases

they are satisfactory :—

| GENERA.

i. Males with a stridulating-cavity on the abdomen, its chitinous

margin toothed ; (colulus present).

A. Chitinous margin of stridulating-cavity continuous, not bifid.

~* Sternum prolonged between coxe iv., forming a setigerous

chitinous piece.

THERIDIIDA.

1. Lateral eyes in contact.

a. Sternum produced into a narrow point between coxe iv.

6. Sternum produced into a broad piece between coxze iv.

2. Lateral eyes narrowly separated.

a’. Central anterior eyes much larger than the laterals

6'. Eyes of anterior row subequal .

** Sternum not prolonged between coxee iv.

B, Chitinous margin of stridulating-cavity deeply bifid i in the

middle, forming a long dentigerous lamina on each side .

. Males without a stridulating-cavity on the abdomen.

AA. Carapace without transverse groove, but with the usual

central depression or longitudinal groove.

+ Colulus very conspicuous

tt Colulus absent or very minute.

A. Colulus entirely absent.

a’. Anterior row of eyes straight or recurved, Tibia of

male palpus normal.

a’. Eyes of posterior row equidistant. Eye-groups closer

together . . .... . . ‘

. Central posteriors much nearer together than to the

laterals. Hye-groups more widely separate .

6°. Anterior row of eyes procurved. ‘Tibia of male palpus

enormously developed. . . . 2 8 ee

B. Colulus present, but often almost obsolete, represented

\ only by two bristles set on a minute tubercle.

aa. Sternum not broadly produced between coxz iv.

la. Posterior row of eyes straight or slightly recurved.

a*, Lateral eyes contiguous ; clypeus higher than the

central ocular quadrangle.

a‘, Leg i. longer than leg iv.

a’, Abdomen not conically produced behind.

Bulb of male palpus involuted

. Abdomen conically produced behind. Bulb

of male palpus not involuted

b*. Leg iv. longer than leg i. . Loe

b*. Lateral eyes slightly separate; clypeus narrower

than the central ocular quadrangle

1 4. Posterior row of eyes distinctly procurved

bb. Sternum broadly produced between coxe iv.

a®. Eyes of anterior row subequal.

i. Tibiz and protarsi i. and ii. with rows of long spines

on the inner side . . . . ar a

ii. Tibize and protarsi i. and il. without rows of long

“spines.

**, Central eyes of the posterior row the largest

373

TRUTANA, E. Simon,

Wanaa, O. P.-Cambr.

Stearopgea, F. Cambr.

Lituyrnantes, Thorell.

Asacena, Sund.

Corrosoma, O. P.-Cambr.

Latropectus, Walck.

Streatopa, Sund.

Tueripion, Walck.

THERIDULA, Emert.

ANnELosimvus, E. Simon.

Tuwattesta, O. P.-Cambr.

Evryopis, Menge.

Erisinus, Walck.

SpintHarvus, Hentz.

Dirana, Thorell.

Sremmops, O. P.-Cambr.

374 ARANEIDEA.

%?_ Eyes of posterior row subequal.

a’, Eyes much more closely grouped. Central

quadrangle narrower in front; anterior cen-

trals one diameter apart. Clypeus twice the

height of the central ocular quadrangle . . Licrr, O. P.-Cambr.

b". Eyes much more widely separate. Central

quadrangle broader in front; anterior cen-

trals two and a half diameters apart. Clypeus

not higher than the central ocular quadrangle. Hertona, O. P.-Cambr.

6°. Central anterior eyes mnch larger than the

laterals 2. 1 1. ge ew ee Acuma, O. P.-Cambr.

BB. Carapace with a transverse groove in the middle.

a®. Abdomen shorter, not vermiform. Colulus distinct.

**", Central posterior eyes closer to each other than

tothe laterals. . . . .. . .~. +. =. . . ArGyropss, E. Simon.

**? Central posterior eyes further from each other than

from the laterals. . . . .. . obs Ruompu#a, L. Koch.

6°. Abdomen much longer, vermiform. Colulus almost

obsolete . . . . ew. 6 we ee ehUehUSCT)SC™”~SC A RRIAMNES, Thorell.

Norz.—(1) The generic affinities of so minute a form as Eyilona munda are very difficult to determine

from a single specimen, not very well preserved ; (2) from the material before me I am unable to confirm the

statement in Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 502, as to the relative length of the tibia of legi. In the last three

genera enumerated, Argyrodes, Rhomphea, and Ariamnes, the relative proportions are practically the same.

TEUTANA.

Teutana, E. Simon, Arachn. Fr. v. p. 161 (1881).

Type 2. triangulosa (Walck.). Europe, Africa, and America.

The spiders referred to this genus are very difficult to separate by any reliable

characters from those included under Lithyphantes, though, so far as one can judge

from the material at hand, the contiguity of the lateral eyes may prove constant. The

sternum is prolonged between the coxe of the fourth pair of legs, and the chitinous

margin of the stridulating-cavity on the abdomen of the male is toothed as in all the

other allied genera. A single species only is represented in the collection before me,

and this one occurs also in Europe.

1. Teutana grossa. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 9,9a, 6; 10, 10a, 9 .)

Theridium grossum, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. iv. p. 112, t. 140. fig. 321( 2)’.

Teutana grossa, EK. Simon, Arachn. Fr. v. p. 164°; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 238°;

Kulezynski, Aran. Hungar. ii. p. 36, t. 1. fig. 41 (3) *.

Teutana zonata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 806, t. 35. figg. 7, 7a,b(3),

8, 8a—c (2) (nec Keyserl.) ’*.

Theridium nitidum, Holmberg, An. Agric. Republ. Argent. no. 22, p. 13 (fide Keyserling) *.

TEUTANA.—LITHYPHANTES. 370

Teutana nitida, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 124, t. 6. figg. 79,79: a,b,¢(3),79d(2)".

Theridium domesticum, Holmberg, loc. cit. p. 13 (fide Keyserling) °.

Steatoda pusulosa, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 579, t. 14. figg.7(¢), 8 (2 ) (1877) *.

Hab. Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas (fide Marr)?; Guatemana (Sarg 5).—

ARGENTINA ® 8; Urucvay 9.—Evurope!?4; Arrica 24,

The type of 7. pusulosa (Keys.) is now before me, a species considered by Keyserling

to be identical with 7. nitida (Holmberg). It agrees perfectly with the Guatemalan

examples (¢ & 2) referred to 7. zonata, Keys., in Vol. I. of the Arachnida Araneidea

of this work, and also with European specimens of the true TZ. grossa (C. L. Koch).

The small wnca near the apex of the palpal bulb of the male is unmistakable, the

species differing in this respect from 7’. zonata, according to Keyserling’s figure of the

latter, while the form of the vulva, though differing in individuals, is quite similar in

all the examples I have compared of the above forms.

WAMBA.

Wamba, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 191 (1896).

Type W. congener, O. P.-Cambr. Guatemala.

The species on which this genus is founded is exceedingly small, but its characters

are evident. The stridulating-cavity on the abdomen is margined by a chitinous

ridge, toothed as in other allied genera. ‘The lateral eyes are in contact, and the

sternum, which is produced between coxe iv., is very broad at that point, at least half

the diameter of the coxa.

1. Wamba congener. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 11, lla, 3.)

Wamba congener, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran.1. p. 191, t. 24. figg. 1, la—-f(¢)'.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 1:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Chicoyoito (Sarg ').

LITHYPHANTES.

Lithyphantes, Thorell, Europ. Spid. p. 94 (1869).

Type L. corollatus (Linn.). Europe.

The slight separation of the lateral eyes distinguishes the type-species of this genus

from that of Teutana, while the prolongation of the sternum between coxe iv. separates

it from that of Asagena. The chitinous margin of the stridulating-cavity in the male.

is toothed. Six species have been recorded from Central America.

The two females which are known to me may be recognized as follows :—

a. Size much larger. Vulva with a pair of dark cavities in the middle. Jugubris, sp. n.

}. Size much smaller. Vulva without dark cavities, but with a trian-

gular striated conical process. . . » » «© » + «© + + « « migrofemoratus, Keyserl.

376 ARANEIDEA.

1. Lithyphantes quesitus. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 13, 134, ¢.)

Lithyphantes quesitus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 180, t. 22. figg. 6,

6a-e(g)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith *).

2. Lithyphantes clarus.

Lithyphantes clarus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 252, t. 58. figg. 6,

6a-d (?)’.

Type (immature), 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Patzcuaro (H. H. Smith *).

3. Lithyphantes nigrofemoratus. (Tab. XXXV. fig. 14, 2 .)

Lithyphantes nigrofemoratus, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 139, t. 6. figg. 87, 87 a(?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Univ. Warsaw. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. GuateMata (Sarg).—Perv, Monte Rico}.

Although I have not seen the type, I suspect that the Guatemalan example of which

the vulva is figured on our Plate is identical with this species.

4, Lithyphantes pulcher.

Lithyphantes pulcher, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 137, t. 6. figg. 85, 85 a (?)*; Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 238, t. 14. figg. 7,8 (¢?).

Type, @, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Norta America !.—Mexico, Tepic ?.

5. Lithyphantes autumnalis.

Lithyphantes autumnalis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 240, t. 14. fig. 6 (2) *.

Type, @, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 3-9 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic ?.

6. Lithyphantes lugubris, sp.n. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 15, 15 a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula, Omilteme (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The abdomen, carapace, and sternum of this species are black, the former with an

anterior pale cincture and often with other pale spots dorsally ; the legs are black and

dull orange—sometimes one colour, sometimes the other prevailing.

STEARODEA.—ASAGENA. 37

STEARODEA.

Stearodea, F. P.-Cambridge, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 18 (1902).

Type S. bipunctata (Linn.). Europe.

The chief difference which separates this genus from others of the group lies in the

great size of the anterior central eyes. The margin of the chitinous ridge on the

anterior portion of the abdomen in the male is toothed as in the other allied genera.

One species only occurs in the collection before me, which may readily be recognized by

the form of the vulva.

1. Stearodea americana, sp.n. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 12, 124, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Lab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (/7. H. Smith).

This species resembles our European S. d/punctata in general appearance, but the

form of the vulva is quite different.

ASAGENA.

Asagena, Sundevall, Consp. Arachn. p. 19 (1833).

Type .A. phalerata (Panzer). Europe.

The type-species of this genus can readily be distinguished from that of Lithyphantes

by the rugulosity of the sternum and the greater comparative height of. the clypeus ;

but I very much doubt if these characters will prove to be constant. ‘The same remark

applies to the absence of any chitinous division between cox iv.; but for the present

I keep the two genera separate.

The species known to me may be recognized by the following characters :—

Males.

a. Embolus of palpal bulb long, conspicuous, filiform, encircling

the face ofthe bulb. . . . . . . 1 ww. . . alticeps, Keyserl.

b. Embolus of palpal bulb very short. . . . . . . . . . guadrimaculata, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Asagena alticeps. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 16, 16a, ¢.)

Asagena alticeps, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. ii. p. 4, t. 11. figg. 186, 136 a-e (3).

Lithyphantes letus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 181, t. 22. figg. 12,

12a-f(s)*.

Type, d; of A. alticeps, in Mus. Brit., total length 3°7 millim.; that of Z. lwetus, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin,

total length 3°75 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg *).—Co.omsta '.

Having carefully compared the types of the two forms described, I can find no real

difference in the shape of the processes of the palpal bulb.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IL., August 1902. 3 of

378 ARANEIDEA.

2. Asagena quadrimaculata. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 17, 17@, ¢.)

Asagena quadrimaculata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 189, t. 23. figg. 12,

12 a-e(g); E. Simon, P.Z.8. 1897, p. 8647.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Guaremata, Antigua (Sarg, ex Dr. Stoll !).—VENEZUELA; ANTILLES, St. Vincent ?.

3. Asagena mesta. (Tab. XXXV. fig. 18, 2.)

Asagena mesta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 209, t. 25. figg. 4, 4a-c (9) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab, Guatemata (Champion 3).

4. Asagena zonata.

Teutana zonata, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 127, t. 6. figg. 80, 89a, 6(¢) *; Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 238°.

[Nec Teutana zonata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 305, t. 35. figg. 7,

7a,6(8), 8, 8a-c (¢).]

Type, d, in coll. EK. Simon. Total length 6:1 millim.

lab. Mexico}, Minatitlan 2.

I do not know this species, and suspect that it may belong to Asagena. According

to Keyserling’s figures, the abdomen is cinctured with white, and the bulb of the palpus

has no small hook near the apex.

LATRODECTUS.

Latrodectus, Walckenaer, Tabl. p. 81 (1805).

Type L. tredecim-guttatus (Rossi). Europe.

Tarsus iv. with a comb beneath. Colulus present and conspicuous. Males without stridulator on the abdomen.

One species only of this genus has been recorded from Central America, Z. mactans.

Another, however, L. gcometricus, is common in Brazil, and I therefore give it a

place in the Table and on the Plate (Tab. XXXV. figg. 23, ¢; 24, 24a, 2 ). They

toto)

may be distinguished as follows :—

Males and Females.

a. Eyes of anterior row subequal. Body black, with red spots and

splashes 2 6 1 1 ee ee ee ee ee we mactans, Fabr.

6. Central anterior eyes distinctly larger than the laterals. Body

entirely dusky black (var.) or grey with dusky spots and lines. [yeometricus, C. L. Koch. ]

1. Latrodectus mactans. (Tab. XXXV. figg. 19,19 a, ¢; 20,20a4, 2.)

Araneus mactans, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 2107.

Latrodectus mactans, Walck. Ins. Apt. i. p. 648°; C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. viii. p- 115, t. 284.

LATRODECTUS.—STEATODA. 379

fig. 682 (9)°; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Ther. i. p. 145, t. 7. figg. 91, 91a-d (3$)‘; Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 237°.

Latrodectus formidabilis, Walck. Ins. Apt. i. p. 647°; Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, Zool. iii.

p. 460, t. 4. fig. 10 (9).

Latrodectus variolus, Walck. (Abbot’s figs., MS.) Ins. Apt. i. p. 647°,

Latrodectus dotatus, C. i. Koch, Die Arachn., viii. p. 115, t. 284. fig. 683 (¢)’°.

Latrodectus variegatus, Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, Zool. iii. p. 461, t. 4. fig. 9 (9).

Latrodectus thoracicus, Nicolet, loc. cit. p. 462".

Tetragnatha zorilla, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 221, t. 19. fig. 2 (¢)”™.

Theridium verecundum, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 280°; Spid. U.S. (ed. Burgess)

p. 153, t. 17. figg. 1 (2),2(d)”™.

Theridium lineatum, Hentz, loc. cit. p. 2811’; Spid. U.S. (ed. Burgess) p. 154, t. 17. fig. 3 (¢ juv.)”*.

Total length, ¢ 5, 9 12 millim.

Hab. Nortu America}, California .—Mexico, Ojos de Agua, Chilpancingo, Amula,

Omilteme, Venta de Zopilote (Hf. H. Smith), Xautipa (Dugés), San Miguel de Horca-

sitas®, ‘epic, Minatitlan, Orizaba}3; Guatemaa, Capetillo, Antigua (Rodriquez),

Salama (Dr. Rivera Paz), Guatemala city (Sto/l); Costa Rica (Rogers); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion).—Sovurm America, Chile‘1!011, &e.

Notz.—Whether JL. geographicus, of which figures are given on our Plate

(Tab. XXXV. figg. 21, ¢; 22, 2), is a small variety of L. mactans or a distinct

species is at present doubtful. It occurs in Brazil and in the Antilles, and may

possibly be found to inhabit Central America. |

STEATODA.

Steatoda, Sundevall, Consp. Arachn. p. 16 (1833) ; F. P.-Cambridge, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)

xi. p. 11 (1902).

Chrysso, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 429.

Type of Steatoda, S. lunata, Sundevall (= Theridion tepidariorum, C. L. Koch), Europe; that of Chrysso,

C. albomaculata, O. P.-Cambridge, Amazons.

There is, so far as 1 can find, no reliable structural difference between the type

of this genus and that of Theridion; but the group of species which are gathered

round the types of each of these genera can be recognized as quite distinct in general

appearance, and possibly when the whole of the Theridiide have been exhaustively

compared, they will fall into conveniently distinct groups, and many others will be

made in addition.

Males.

A. Embolus of palpus much less conspicuous, not prolonged into a

convoluted spine, encircling the bulb.

b.|Separable by the form of the embolus and conductor of the ) ¢eniata, Keyserl.

rufipes, Lucas.

tepidariorum, C. L. Koch.

e.{ palpal organs .

d. cavipalpus, sp. n.

3 cf 2

380 ARANEIDEA.

B. Embolus of palpus much more conspicuous, prolonged into a con-

voluted spine, more or less encircling the inner side of the bulb.

i. Legs more or less annulated with black.

a’. Embolus of palpus making a single circle . . . + -

b'. Embolus of palpus making a double circle. . . - + +

i, Legs plain yellow, not annulate.

a’. Embolus of palpus looped back upon itself; the eotidrictor

being very slender and lying nek attached to the embolus

as far asitsapex. . . :

b’. Embolus of palpus not looped back upon ‘itself, the conductor

being broader, not accompanying the embolus in close

attachment to it.

a’. Hairs on the legs much more conspicuous . . .

b°. Hairs on the legs much less conspicuous.

a‘. Embolus much longer, stouter basally ; the base of the

bulb concavo-truncate ; conductor very broad, concave,

and conspicuous ... . oe 2 ee .

6‘. Embolus shorter, more slender basally ; the base of the

bulb more convex ; conductor much narrower and less

conspicuous.

a’. Emboluslonger, makinga much wider loop round the base

of the bulb; the apex of the conductor more developed.

b°. Embolus shorter, making a much narrower Joop round

the base of the bulb; the apex of the conductor less

developed .

Females.

A. Abdomen much higher dorsally.

a. Abdomen without a central dorsal conical cusp.

a’. Vulva without a scape.

1. Vulva consisting of a transverse oval concavity not divided

into two orifices by a central septum

2. Vulva divided in the middle into two orifices.

a’, Size larger; vulva with the pair of orifices, about one

diameter apart, distinctly separated in the middle, having

also a pair of dark discs anteriorly » oe

b*, Size smaller; vulva with the pair of orifices not distinctly

separated in the middle, each having a rounded boss in

the centre . . . 2. 2. 6 ew p ew eo .

. Vulva with a conical sharply-pointed scape, bulbous at its base

and of variable length . . . . ....

b. Abdomen with a central dorsal conical cusp.

a®. Vulva having a scape.

a’, Scape of vulva slender and conical, without a broad basal

portion 2. 2. 2 ew we ee ee we ee

transversa, O. P.-Cambr.

spiralis, Emert.

longzstylum, sp. n.

hispida, O. P.-Cambr.

voluta, sp. n.

albomaculata,O.-P.Cambr.

rubicunda, sp. n.

tepidariorum.

teniata.

florens, O. P.-Cambr.

forda, Keyserl.

mixta, O. P.-Cambr,

STEATODA.

b*, Seape of vulva broad and transverse, emarginate in the

middle, with each angle prominent . . . .. .

6°. Vulva without any scape, but with a pair of orifices oné fall

diameter apart. oe ee we el .

B. Abdomen much lower dorsally, e convex, but not so gibbous above.

i. Abdomen with a pale central dentated band on the posterior

dorsal half, with lateral ramifications anteriorly; or with the

central and lateral bands more or less broken up into separate

spots.

a*, Tibize of all four pairs of legs normally slender.

a. Legs with at least the apex of the tibie and the protarsi

more or less annulate with brown or black.

a°. Pale central posterior dentated band constant (so far as

one can judge from the material).

la. Vulva consisting of a more or less circular cavity.

1*, Vulval cavity quite circular . . . .

2*. Vulval cavity with a posterior emargmation .

16. Vulva consisting of a transverse oblong cavity, much

broader than long oe .

b°. Pale central posterior band broken up into separate spots.

a’. Vulva forming a low conical projection with an apical

sharp point . oe

6". Vulva forming a low convex projection with a small

apical cavity... . 6 ew ew we ee

6°. Legs not annulate

ok Tibize of all four pairs incrassate . .

. Abdomen either entirely pale yellow; or yellow, with black and

white spots, or black spots only.

a’, Abdomen entirely pale yellow .

b°. Abdomen yellow, with black or white spots, or - both.

a’, Abdomen yellow, with black spots or blotches and brilliant

white cretaceous spots.

a°, Abdomen produced behind into a long conical point.

Legs entirely yellow

6°, Abdomen not or very slightly produced behind. Femora

of legs slashed longitudinally on each side with dark

brown or black. . . 1. . se

6°. Abdomen pale yellow, with six minute black spots on the

dorsal area . . . 2 « «© «

Notz.—The female of Steatoda spiralis, Emerton, would fall into this list close to S. transversa.

381

oblivia, O. P.-Cambr.

pura, O. P.-Cambr.

transverse.

compressa, nom, 1

aspersa, Sp. 0.

rostrata, O. P.-Cambr.

morula, O. P.-Cambr.

rufipes.

munifex, O. P.-Cambr.

viva, O. P.-Cambr.

albomaculata.

voluta.

sexmaculata, Keyserl.

The type

of S. albula (O. P.-Cambr.) cannot be found, so that I am unable to include the species in the Table.

S. confraterna and S. elevata (Banks) are unknown to me. S. elegans (Tacz.) comes very close to S. albo-

maculata and S. voluta.

382 ARANEIDEA.

1. Steatoda tepidariorum. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 1, la-c, ¢; 2, 2a-d, @.)

Theridium tepidariorum, C. Lu. Koch, Die Arachn. viii. p. 75, figg. 647 (2), 648 (?)'; Emerton,

Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 18, t. 2. figg. la (¢),16(¢)*; E. Simon, P. Z. 8S. 1897,

p. 861°; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 286°; O. P.-Cambr. Journ. Linn. Soc.,

Zool. x. p. 882°.

Theridium tepidatorium, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 9, t. 1. figg. 1, 1a,b,¢(?),1d(¢)’.

Theridium vulgare, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 271, t. 9. fig. 1 (¢)7; Spid. U.S.

p. 142, t. 16. fig. 1 (9), t. 21. fig. 12 (¢)*.

Hab. Norta America? 67, California+.—Mexico, Hermosillo in Sonora; GUATEMALA

(Sarg).—ANTILLES, St. Vincent 3.—Evroprge!; Cryion’.

Emerton gives a figure of the palpus of the species which he identifies as Theridium

vulgare, Hentz; it is identical with that of 7. tepidariorum, C. Li. Koch.

2. Steatoda teniata. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 3, ¢; 4,44, 2.) |

Theridium teniatum, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 12, t. 1. figg. 2, 24,6(?),2¢(3)’*.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. L. Becker, Brussels. Total length, ¢ 2:3, 9 4:1 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—

VENEZUELA },

This beautiful little species belongs to the same group as does the European

S. formosa.

3. Steatoda florens. (Tab. XXXVI. fig. 5, 9.)

Theridion florens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 205, t. 24. figg. 12,

12 a-d(¢?)’.

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

4. Steatoda cavipalpus, sp.n. (Tab. XXXVI. figs. 6, 6a, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA (Sarg).

This is a very small species with pale yellow-white legs, femora i. being darker; the

carapace is pale orange, with a central dusky band, and the abdomen is pale yellow,

with an indistinct cretaceous-white, central, longitudinal, dorsal band. The palpus is

very characteristic, for which see Plate.

5. Steatoda forda. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 7,7 a, 2.)

Theridium fordum, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 23, t. 1. figg. 9, 9a-c (¢) 1; Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 236’.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length 6:2 millim.

Hab. Norta Amunrica, Texas ?—MeExico, Chilpancingo, Amula, Omilteme, Orizaba,

STEATODA. 383

Teapa (H. H. Smith), Sierra San Lazaro, Tepic?; Guatemata (Sarg) ; Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).—VENEZUELA, Caracas}; Brazin, Rio Grande}.

In general appearance this spider is precisely similar to 8. tepidariorum, but the

vulva is quite different in form. It is strange that, among so many females, no males

should have been taken; the latter is still unknown.

6. Steatoda mixta. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 8, 8a, 2.)

Theridion mixtum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 206, t. 24. figg. 11,

ll a-f(¢@)?.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Teapa (/I. H. Smith); GuatemaLa, Chiacam

(Sarg 1).

Very similar to S. forda at first sight, but smaller and with the sharp conical scape

of the vulva much more slender and without the broad bulbous base so characteristic

of the former species.

7. Steatoda oblivia. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 9, 9a, 2.)

Theridion oblivium, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 207, t. 24. figg. 18,

13 a-e (?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (fogers ').

This species is closely allied to 8. miata, O. P.-Cambr., but the vulva in the single

example in onr collection is quite distinct in furm.

8. Steatoda pura, (Tab. XXXVI. fig. 10, 2.)

Theridion purum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 131, t. 17. figg. 6, 6 a-c ( 2)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

9. Steatoda transversa. (‘lab. XXXVI. fig. 11, ¢.)

Theridion transversum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 256, t. 35. figg. 3,

8a-e(3),4,4a,5(2)"*.

Type do, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 3°5, ¢ 4:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mexico city (H. H. Smith+).

10. Steatoda compressa, nom.n. (Tab. XXXVI. fig. 12, 2.)

Theridion rotundum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 254, t. 34. fige. 7

7 a-d ( 2) (nec Keyserling) ’.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Patzcuaro (H. H. Smith 4).

384 ARANEIDEA.

11. Steatoda aspersa, sp.n. (Tab. XXXVI. fig. 13, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. GuateMata (Sarg).

This species belongs to the same group as 8. ¢ransversa and the European 8. varians ;

for characters, see the Table and Plate.

12. Steatoda spiralis.

Theridium spirale, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 10, t. 1. figg. 24,6 (3), 2, 2¢,d(2}";

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 56, t. 3. figg. 33, 33a (2), 338,¢ (8) Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 236°.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Emerton. Total length, ¢ 2°5, 9 3 millim.

Hab. Nort America }.—Mexico, Tepic 2.—VENEZUELA ®.

13. Steatoda rostrata.

Theridion rostratum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 204, t. 24. figg. 10,

10a-d(¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 3°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (Jf. H. Smith+); Guatemana (Sarg *).

14, Steatoda morula. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 14, 14a, ¢.)

Theridion morulum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 254, t. 35. figg. 6,

6a-e (2)*.

Type, ?, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

15. Steatoda rufipes. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 15, 15a-c, 6; 16, 16a, 4, 2.)

Theridion rufipes, Lucas, Explor. d’Algérie, Zool. iii. p. 268, t. 16. fig. 5 (2).

Theridium rufipes, Kulezynski, Diss. Math. Phys. Acad. Litt. Cracov. xxxvi. p. 374, t. 6. fig. 33 (3) *5

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 236°.

Theridion luteipes, O. P.-Cambr. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 382, t. 12. figg. 46-48 ( ¢ ), 49-51 (¢)

(1869) *.

Theridion lutipes, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 280°.

Theridion albonotatum, Taczanowski, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. x. p. 56 (¢ 2)”.

Theridium albonotatum, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 15, t. 1. figg. 4, 4a-e (3 9)”.

? Theridium luteolum, Blackwall, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) iv. p. 259°.

Theridium borbonicum, Vinson, Aran. Réunion, p. 283, t. 14. fig: 6 (2?) (1864) *.

Theridion longipes, v. Hasselt, Midd.-Sum., Arachn. p. 83 (1892) (sec. Simon) ”.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer+), Tepic?; Guatemata (Sarg); Panama,

STEATODA, 885

Bugaba (Champion).—Sourn America, Cayenne ®, Lower Amazons (I. O. P.-C.);

ANTILLES °7,—Evrope+; ALGERIA!; Maprerra28; Ceyton®; Matay ARCHIPELAGO 1°,

M. Simon has very kindly forwarded a male and female of Theridion rufipes, Lucas,

from Tunis, which he has also taken at Bone, Algeria. ‘These do not differ from the

Central-American examples in our collection determined by the Rev. O. P.-Cambridge

as his 7. lutetpes, or from those of T. albonotatum, Tacz., identified by Keyserling, in

the British Museum. I have taken the species plentifwly in houses and on the

steamers on the Lower Amazons. The specimens, however, from St. Vincent, Antilles,

in the British Museum, identified by M. Simon (cf. P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 861) as 7. rufipes,

Lucas, belong to a very different species. Kulczynski’s most excellent description and

figure of the palpal organs of the male leave no doubt whatever that he had the true

T. rufipes, Lucas (sec. Simon), from Madeira, before Lim. Of the other synonyms

quoted above, it is probable that 7. albonotatum, Tacz., is correct, and also 7°. Juteolwi,

Blackw., though one would scarcely like to confirm Simon’s opinion that 7’. bajulans,

L. Koch, from Egypt and Abyssinia (Die Arachn. p. 21), is also the same species,

judging, at any rate, from the published figures. ‘Thorell also gives 7. rufipes, Lucas,

as taken at Tharrawaddy in Burma.

16. Steatoda munifex. (Tab. XXXVI. fig. 17, 2.)

Theridion munifer, O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 203, t. 24. figg. 8,

8a-c (?)".

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

17. Steatoda viva, |

Theridion vivum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 293, t. 34. figg. 8, 8 a-c

(¢)*. |

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 1:5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg ').

18. Steatoda albomaculata. (Tab. XXXVI. figg.18,18 a, d, ¢; 19,194, 2.)

Chrysso albomaculata, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 429, t. 30. figg. 66, 6d, 6h (S), 6a, Be,

6e,6f,69 (¢)°3 Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 152, t. 7. figg. 94, 94a, 6 ()

94¢(2)’.

Type d, gynetype @, in coll. O. P.-Cambridge. Total length, g 3:5, 2 5-75 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, ‘Texas *.—Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (HZ. H. Sinith).—Lower

Amazons 1

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IT., August 1902. 3D

386 ARANEIDEA.

19. Steatoda elegans.

Argyrodes elegans, Taczanowski, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ix. p. 118, t. 5. fig. 11 (¢ ) (1872) *.

Chrysso elegans, Keyserl. Spiun. Amer., Therid. i. p. 151, t. 7. figg. 93, 93 a—-c (2)?.

Type, 2, in coll. Univ. Warsaw. Total length 3 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA?.—Frencu Gurana, Uassa ?.

20. Steatoda voluta, sp. n. (lab. XXXVI. figg. 20, 20 a-c, 3.)

Type, d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, d 25, ¢ 3 millim.

Hab. GuatTEMALA (Sarg).

This species is closely allied to S. albomaculata. For differential characters, see

Table and Plate.

21. Steatoda rubicunda, sp.n. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 21, 21a, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

This spider resembles the male of S. albomaculata and S. voluta, but the differences

in the palpal organs will be apparent from the Table and Plate. The carapace,

mandibles, and sternum are bright pale orange; the abdomen white-yellow, blackish in

front, with a very small dark apical spot; the legs yellow, with a black slash on each

side of the femora.

22. Steatoda sexmaculata, (Lab. XXXVI. fig. 22, 2.)

Theridium sexmaculatum, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 82, t. 4. figg. 51, 51a (¢)’.

Type, Q, in. coll. O. P.-Cambridge. Total length 1°9 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).—LowkR AMAZONS *.

93. Steatoda longistylum, sp.n. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 23, 23 a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The abdomen of this specimen is missing, but the palpal organs are very characteristic,

for which see Table and Plate. The species, however, probably belongs to an entirely

different group of the genus.

24. Steatoda hispida.

Theridion hispidum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 253, t. 35. figg. 5,

5a-e(¢@) (text published June 1898) ’.

Theridion hirsutum, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. t. 34. figg. 6, 6 a—-d (3) (Oct. 1900) °*.

Types, ¢, of TZ. hispidum and 7’, hirsutum, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length of each 2°25 millim.

oa)

STEATODA.—THERIDION.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

This species has been figured twice, under different names, in Vol. I.

25. Steatoda albula.

Theridion albulum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 255, t. 84. figg. 9,

Qa-e(¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

The type of this species cannot now be found.

26. Steatoda confraterna.

Theridium confraternus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 236, t. 14. fig. 11 (gd) (1898) *.

Type, d, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci., San Francisco, Total length 1:8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic}.

I no not know this and the following species.

27. Steatoda elevata.

Theridium elevatum, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 287°.

Hab. Nortu America, Texas 1.—Mexico, Tepic }.

THERIDION.

Theridion, Walckenaer, Tabl. p. 72 (1805).

Phyllonethis, Thorell, Europ. Spid. p. 90 (1869).

Type P. redimitum (Linn.). Europe.

I have here retained the group originally separated by Thorell under the name

Phyllonethis, with the type P. lineata (Clerck) = P. redimita (Linn.); this species,

however, was cited as the type of Theridion by Latreille, in 1810, and thus Phyllo-

nethis simply becomes a synonym of Theridion. The group distinguished from

Phyilonethis by Thorell under Theridiun, type T. sisyphium (Clerck), has also been

retained here under the name Steatoda, type S. tepidartorum (C. L. Koch) [ef. Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 11 (1902)].

Males.

I. Paracymbium of the palpal bulb conspicuously developed.

A. Paracymbium of the palpal bulb, on the outer side, viewed

laterally, deeply bifid on the upper margin.

a. Embolus of bulb very long and spirally curved ; its sheath (con-

ductor) also long, conspicuous, and enlarged at the apex . . styligerum, sp. n.

. Embolus of bulb very short, straight or almost so; its sheath

(conductor) also very short and inconspicuous.

388 ARANEIDEA.

1. Lower branch of the paracymbium conspicuous and strongly

curved, falciform.

a. Embolus of bulb with a conspicuous, stout, curved spur

standing at right angles from the basal portion (see

Emerton’s figure) . . . . . . . 2 es « « frondeum, Hentz.

6‘. Embolus of bulb without a spur at its base . oe e 6 + 6evexum, Keyserl.

2. Lower branch of the paracymbium much less conspicuous,

with a very fine straight point only on the lower side . . electum, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Paracymbium of the palpal bulb, on the outer side, viewed

laterally, not deeply bifid on the upper margin.

a’, Paracymbium U-shaped, very stout, the lower branch being

broadly pointed, the upper branch rounded . . . . . « thorelli, O. P.-Cambr.

6°. Paracymbium not U-shaped.

a’. Upper branch of the paracymbium forming a long curved

spine. |

a‘. Upper branch of the paracymbium broader at its base and

rugulose above, longer . . ... . » 2 « « niveum, O. P.-Cambr

-6*. Upper branch of the paracymbium not broader, not

rugulose at its base above, shorter . . we uncatum, sp. 0.

6°. Upper branch of the paracymbium represented by a small

cusp only, lower branch forming a rounded lamella. . . ¢repidum, O. P.-Cambr.

II. Paracymbium of the palpal-bulb absent . . . . . . . . .~ vittatum, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Vulva exhibiting a small circular depression, or pit, on the summit

of a low convexity.

* Vulval cavity without an inner convex prominence ; posterior

margin slightly reflexed . . 2. 2. 2 1 1 ee we ew eveRUM.

** Vulval cavity with an inner convex prominence; posterior

margin plain, not reflexed . . . . «© © © © © «© « « vittatum.

B. Vulva not exhibiting a circular depression.

1. Vulva exhibiting a deep transverse cavity close to the genital

rima.

a. Posterior margin of the cavity much curved upward and

pointed in the middle, exhibiting a dark orifice on each side

within the cavity. Spermathecal spots two, elongate-piriform. thorelli.

6. Posterior margin of the cavity less curved upward and not

pointed in the middle, without visible dark orifices. Sperma-

thecal spots four, circular. . . 1 6 1 we we ee) «Cxcavatum, sp. n.

2. Vulva not exhibiting a transverse cavity, but with two small

orifices, about two diameters apart, near the genital rima.

_Spermathecal spots two, circular... 1 1. ee ee niveum.

Nore.—I have not been able to include 7. frondeum and JT. trepidum in the Table of the females.

J’, splendidum (Banks) cannot be certainly identified from the description.

THERIDION. 389

1. Theridion styligerum, sp. n. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 24, 244, 3.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-25 millim.

Carapace and legs yellow, the former with a slight, dusky, central, forked line, but no marginal line, the latter

with the apex of the femora, tibise, and protarsi dusky. Abdomen with a central foliated and lateral

chalky-white bands; epigynal area and a spot before the spinners black. Mandibles with the usual

conical spur on the upper outer side towards the base. Palpal organs absolutely characteristic, with the

apical embolus very long spiraliform, and the sheath-like conductor also very long, geniculate and

enlarged at its apex.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

2. Theridion frondeum.

Theridium frondeum, Hentz, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 275, t. 9. fig. 7 (2); Spid. U.S.

p. 146, t. 16. fig. 7 (9%) *; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) 1. p. 236°; Emerton, Trans.

Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 15, t. 3. figg. 1, lg (¢), laf, 1h (2) (1882) *.

Theridium placens, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 71, t. 3. fig. 43°.

Hab. Nortu America 4 ®, Alabama! 2.—Mexico, Tepic °.

Being unable to settle what is the true 7. frondeum, Hentz, I regard Emerton’s

identification as correct, for the time being. He has also seen the type of T. placens,

Keyserl., so that this synonymy can be quoted. ‘The examples, however, of 7. frondeum

in the Keyserling collection in the British Museum certainly do not agree with

Emerton’s figures; nor do the specimens from St. Vincent, Antilles, identified by

E. Simon as 7. frondeum, agree either with Keyserling’s identifications or with

Emerton’s figures. The fact is that there appear to be numerous species, or at any

rate local races, of a group of spiders, with pattern and coloration similar, with the

lines of variation also similar, and with the structure also very much alike, any one of

which might be identified at a cursory glance with T. frondewm, Hentz. There are

probably now no means of knowing what the characters of this species really are; and

the only way of settling it would be to decide upon the commonest form found in

Georgia, U.S.A., in character not inconsistent with Hentz’s description and figure, and

call this 7. frondeum. Perhaps Mr. Emerton’s identification of this species is based on

examples from Georgia; but since he does not say on what grounds he has decided

the form figured to be Z. frondewm, one can form no judgment as to the value of his

opinion.

3. Theridion evexum. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 25, 25 a-c, 3; 26, 2.)

Theridion evexum, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 65, t. 3. figg. 89, 89a (?)*.

Phyllonethis electa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 165, t. 20. figg. 2,

2Qa-d (¢) (nec 3)’.

Type 2, deuterotype d, of 7. eveawm, in Mus. Brit., total length, 9 6, d 4:25 millim.; gynetype, 2, of

P. electa, in coll. Godman & Salvin, total length 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith ?).—Cotomsia !.

390 ARANEIDEA.

4. Theridion electum. (Tab. XXXVI. fig. 27, ¢.)

Phyllonethis electa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 165, t. 20. figg. 3,

3a-e (dg) (nec 2)".

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith 1).

This spider is certainly not identical with the specimens identified by me as the

males of 7. evexwm (Keyserl.), while the female ascribed to P. electa agrees perfectly

with Keyserling’s species.

5. Theridion thorelli. (Tab. XXXVI. figg. 28, 28a, 0, ¢; 29, 29 a-c, 2.)

Phyllonethis thorellit, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 182, t. 18. figg. 1,

la,b6(3),5,5a,6(¢)'.

Phyllonethis adjacens, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 166, t. 20. figg. 1, la-e (2)?.

Type 3, gynetype °, of P. thorelli, in coll. Godman & Salvin, total length ¢ 3:25, 9 5 millim.; type, @, of

P. adjacens, in coll. Godman & Salvin, total length 3:75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Sinith} ?).

I am unable to distinguish 7. adjacens from the female of T. thorelli. This species

is also very closely allied to T. calycinatum, Holmb., of which there are many examples

from the Argentine Republic in the British Museum.

6. Theridion niveum. (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 1, 1a, 3; 2, 2.)

Theridion niveum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 255, t. 84. figg. 11,

lla-e(g)’.

Type 9, deuterotype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 2? 3°5, ¢ 2 millim.

Carapace and legs pale yellow, in both sexes, the apex of the tibie and protarsi of i. and iv. sometimes black

in the female. Abdomen in the male pale yellow, with a central chalky-white band, with a row of small,

dull, dark spots on each side, variable in number and size, often coalescing to form a black band. In the

female there is often a round dark blotch in front, with a central foliated and lateral chalky-white bands,

and sometimes two conspicuous black spots in the posterior third and one above the anal tubercle. The

coloration is, however, very variable. The mandibles in the male have the usual conical spur, but. it is

inconspicuous in this case.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Panama, Bugaba (Champion 1).

7. Theridion uncatum, sp.n. (Tab. XXXVII. fig. 3, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace yellow, with a slender, brown, central line, forked at the base of the cephalic region, and a marginal

brown line. Abdomen yellow-white, with four small black spots on the dorsal area, the anterior pair

being the smaller; spinners basally suffused with black; ventral area with a black spot before the

spinners and the epigynal area black, with an oval pale spot in the centre on the posterior margin.

Legs yellow ; femora, tibie, and protarsi dusky at their apex. Mandibles with the usual conical spur towards

the base on the upper outer side. (For specific differences, see Table and Plate.)

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Sinith).

THERIDION. 391

8. Theridion trepidum. (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 4, 44, 3.)

Theridion trepidum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 256 (2), t. 34.

figg. 10, 10a-d(g)}.

Type 2, androtype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 3°5, ¢ 2 millim.

Carapace yellow, with a central brown forked line, but no marginal line. Abdomen with a chalky-white,

central, foliated band, broadly margined with black in the anterior half; lateral area chalky-white, with

a yellowish tinge; ventral area flesh-brown. Legs yellow, with a very slight dusky olive tinge at the

apex of the femora, tibiw, and protarsi, the latter segments having also a very faint central annulus.

“Mandibles with the usual conical spur on the outer upperside towards the base.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (ZH. H. Smith); Guatemana, Montafia de

Chilasco (Sarg 1).

9. Theridion excavatum, sp.n. (Tab. XXXVII. figs. 5, 5a, 9 .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Carapace yellow, with a slender, forked, dusky, central line. Legs yellow; protarsi slightly tinged with brown

at the extreme apex. Abdomen entirely covered dorsally and laterally with chalky-white, with the

usual cardial line and the diverticula from it; ventral area dull white, with two small black spots

above the spinners on each side, and a large, central, black blotch between the genital rima and the

spinners. Vulva exhibiting a transverse cavity, the posterior margin produced, but not nearly so much

as in 7’, thorellz, and with four small circular spermatheve beneath the surfuce in front.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).

10. Theridion vittatum. (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 6,60, ¢; 7,74, 9.)

Achea vitiata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 130, t. 17. figg. 11,

ll a-c (¢)’. ‘

Thwaitesia vittata, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. i. p. 197.

Thwaitesia lepida, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. i. p. 197, t. 25. figg. 5, 5 a-d (?)*.

Types 9, of A. vittata and 7’. lepida, deuterotype g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, @ 8,

3 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Teapa in Tabasco!? (12, H. Smith); Guate-

MaLA, Cahabon (Sarg *); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

No mention is made on p. 197 (loc. cit.) as to the characters wherein Thwaitesia

lepida differs from Z.. vittata, and there is no variation in the form of the vulva. The

differences in the coloration are only individual, such as are constantly met with in

spiders of this group—T’ lepida being a very large and long-matured specimen, with

the femora more decidedly annulated with black. In some examples, small and

recently mature, the femora are either white or have an annulus near the apex.

il. Theridion splendidum.

Chrysso splendida, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 287, t. 14. fig. 138 (¢)*.

Type; Q, im eoll. Calif. Acad. Sci, Total length 7-2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

392 ARANEIDEA.

It is possible that this species is identical with 7’ vettatum (O. P.-Cambr.); but

I do not think, from Banks’s description and figure, that it is related to Steatoda

albomaculata (O. P.-Cambr.), the type of Chrysso.

THERIDULA.

Theridula, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 25 (1882).

Mesopneustes, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 126 (1894).

Type of Theridula, T. spherula, Emerton, Connecticut, N. America ; that of Mesopneustes, M. nigrovittata,

O. P.-Cambridge, Mexico.

The minute forms belonging to this genus are very like small Steatodw, but they

have the anterior row of eyes procurved and the tibia of the palpus of the male

enormously developed, concave on the inner side; while the bulb itself is very simple,

with a variously curved spiraloid spine at its apex.

The species occurring in the collection before me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Spine at the apex of the palpal bulb longer, more widely

curved, its point extending well beyond the apex of the

tarsalsheath . . . «2... sss we es

B. Spine at the apex of the palpal bulb shorter, less widely curved,

corkscrew-like, its point not extending beyond the apex of

the tarsal sheath . 2 1. ww we ee ee we ee eC faceta, O. P.-Cambr.

nigrovittata, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Legs entirely yellow. Vulva without a pair of anterior

circular spermathecal discs evident from the exterior.

Abdomen black, with white or yellow spots, very variable . opulenta, Walck. (sec. Simon).

B. Legs brown, except the femora, coxz, and trochanters, which

are yellow. Vulva with a pair of circular spermathecal discs

evident from the exterior. Abdomen yellow-grey, with a

single dusky blotch on the median posterior dorsal area . . faceta.

1. Theridula nigrovittata, (Tab. XXXVII. fig. 8, ¢.)

Mesopneustes nigrovitiata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 126, t. 17. figg. 3,

38a-d (3d), 4, 4a, b (g var.)*.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

This spider, which is in all probability the male of 7. opulenta, Walck., is very

similar in general characters to the male of 7. faceta; the apical spine on the bulb of

the palpus is, however, perfectly distinct in form. ‘The position of the genital rima

and of the spiracular orifices is quite normal.

THERIDULA. | 393

2, Theridula faceta, (Tab. XXXVIL. figg. 9, ¢; 10, 10a, 2.)

Theridion facetum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 148, t. 16. figg. 14,

l4a-e (3d).

Type ¢, deuterotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2, 9 2:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith) ; Guatemata (Sarg 3).

The female is here noted for the first time, and is in general appearance similar to

the male. For special characters, see the Table and Plate. This species is evidently,

according to the drawings of the palpus by Emerton, very closely allied to, if not

identical with, his Z. spherula. The coloration of the female is, however, constantly

different, and without a more detailed drawing of the spine at the apex of the bulb of

the male one cannot be quite sure. The greenish-yellow spot on the abdomen in

LT. spherula is replaced by a black spot in 7. faceta, while in the latter there are no

lateral spots at all. These characters may, at the same time, be simply due to individual

variation.

If these two forms are conspecific, I cannot regard them as also identical with

T. tricornis, O. P.-Cambr., 7’. quinquequttata, Keyserl., or Z’. triangularis, Keyserl.

3. Theridula opulenta. (Tab. XX XVII. figg. 11, 11 ad, ¢.)

Theridion opulentum, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 822 (1841) *.

Theridion gonygaster, EK. Simon, Mém. Soc. Liége, (2) v. p. 108, t. 2. fig. 24 (2) °; Arachn. Fr.

v. p. 109 (g 2) (1881) °.

Chrysso cordiformis, Butler, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 768, t. 57. fig. 2 (2) *.

Chrysso nivipictus, Butler, loc. cit. p. 764, t. 57. figg. 1, la (?)°.

Theridula triangularis, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. ii. p. 30, t. 11. figs. 149, 149 @ (?)°.

Theridula quinqueguttata, Keyserl. loc. cit. p. 31, t. 11. figg. 150, 150a( 2)”.

Theridula quadripunctata, Keyserl. loc. cit. p. 32, t. 11. figg. 151, 15la(?)°*.

Theridula tricornis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 208, t. 25. figg. 1,

la-d (¢?)’.

Types, 2, of C. cordiformis and C. nivipictus in Mus. Brit.; of J. tricornis in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total

length of 7. tricornis 2°75 millim.

Hab. Norta America!, Florida ’.—Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith °}.—

Perv ®7.,—Corsica 73; Mapagascar 4 ®,

If, as Simon suggests (and, unless the males of each of these forms are decidedly

different, as seems to be highly probable), 7. tricornis and T. opulenta are conspecific,

‘then the intermediate form, 7. triangularis, will probably also be synonymous. I

cannot at present, however, agree that 7. sphwrula is identical with 7. opulenta,

though it may be with 7. faceta. T. nigrovittata is in all probability the male

“of T. opulenta: if this is the case, then they are quite distinct from 7. spherula and

T. faceta. But at present these points cannot be definitely settled.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., October 1902. 3 ut

394 ARANEIDEA.

ANELOSIMUS.

Anelosimus, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1891, p. 7.

Type A. socials, E. Simon, =A. evimius (Keyserling). Venezuela.

The spiders referred to this genus form a small group closely allied to Steatoda, but

distinguishable from it by the peculiar form of the bulb of the male palpus, and also

by the possession of a very minute colulus, whose presence is marked by two fine

bristles springing from its apex. The species at present recognized resemble each

other very closely in general appearance, and are remarkable for their habit of living

together in communities, consisting of great numbers of individuals who spin a

common snare, very tangled and often of immense size. I have myself seen their webs

spun up to a height of fourteen or fifteen feet amongst the foliage, being at the same

time a yard or more across, and the snare is usually shared by numbers of a species-of

Uloborus. If the bushes be tapped, the Theridioids descend in quite a small shower,

hanging by a thread, to seek safety on the ground. Otherwise, the female sits beneath

a leaf, with legs stretched out before and behind, in close proximity to her single

small spherical egg-cocoon.

The species known to me, including the type of the genus, which has, however, not

yet been taken in Central America, may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

a. Apex of embolus of palpus simple, not bifid; bulb itself more

spiraloid . see ee ew ew ee we we ww [evimius, Keyserl.]

b. Apex of embolus of palpus bifid or bibranchiate; bulb itself less

spiraloid.

1, Apex of embolus of palpus having a stout inner branch set at right

angles and much enlarged, forming a triangular hammer-head,

atits tip. ....

ee jucundus, O. P.-Cambr,

2. Apex of embolus of palpus having an enlarged inner branch, but

not set at right angles nor taking a hammer-head form . . . studiosus, Hentz.

females.

a. Vulva with two closely adjacent brown circular discs anteriorly . . [eximius.]

b. Vulva without discs anteriorly . . . . . 0. ee ew ew ep ee J ucundus.

studiosus.

Norr.—I am unable as yet to satisfactorily distinguish between the females of A. jucundus and A. studiosus.

1. Anelosimus jucundus. (Tab. XX XVII. figg. 14, 14a-d, 3; 15,15 a, 6, 2.)

Theridion jucundum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 166, t. 21. figg. 13,

18 a-d(¢)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg).

ANELOSIMUS.—THWAITESIA, BEE

2. Anelosimus studiosus. (Tab. XXXVII. fig. 16, ¢ ; 17, 2.)

Theridium studiosum, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p- 274, t. 16. fig.5 (9) '; Spid. U.S.

p. 145, t. 16. fig. 5 (9)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 20, t. 1. figg. 7, 7a, b(?),

7¢($)°*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 236+.

Theridion studiosum, E. Simon, P. Z. S. 1897, p. 862°.

Hab. Nortn America !23,—Mexico, Orizaba, Teapa (H. H. Smith), Tepic+; Guate-

MALA (Sarg).—CoLomBiA?; VuenezueLA?; Peru®; Brazit, Rio Parana® (Rogers*) ;

ANTILLES, St. Vincent °.

Since no American arachnologist has hitherto identified the species which might

most reasonably be regarded as A. studiosus (Hentz), one must for the time being

accept Keyserling’s determination. There are before me female examples, in his

collection, from the Mississippi, Argentina, and Peru; they are identical with others

from Venezuela in the same collection, and also with specimens from St. Vincent,

identified by Simon as Theridion studiosum, Hentz. These, however, are quite

different from the females from Bogota in Keyserling’s collection labelled 7’. studiosum.

The latter more nearly resemble A. jucundus, 2, var., see Plate.

The male from Rio Janeiro, labelled by Keyserling 7. studiosum, is, again, totally

dissimilar from A. jucundus. It is possible, however, that both 7. studioswm, Hentz, and

T. gucundum, O. P.-Cambr. (as Simon thinks probable), the varieties here figured, and

also those from Bogota, are all one and the same species, the larger and more highly

developed examples being 7. jucundum, the smaller and more slender being 7. studiosum

(sec. Keyserling and Simon).

It is also possible, on the other hand, that there are several species of these social

spiders, and that the varieties above noted may prove to be really good species. I

cannot at present reconcile myself to either view, but must be content with giving

drawings and descriptions of them.

There is not the smallest doubt in my own mind that Theridion eximium, Keyserl.,

of which the type, 2, is before me, is quite distinct from the females of 7. jucundum

and 7. studiosum.

Simon (Hist. Nat. Araign. éd. 2, i. p. 548) regards 7. eximium, Keyserl., as identical

with his Anelosimus socialis [Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1891, p. 7, t.2(2)]. It is scarcely

probable that this species, so abundant in Venezuela and Brazil, does not occur in

Central America, and since it belongs to the same group as A. jucundus and A. studiosus,

I give a figure of the palpus and vulva (Tab. XX XVII. figg. 12, ¢; 13, 2); the latter

from Keyserling’s type, the former from an example from the Lower Amazons, where

T met with it in abundance.

THWAITESIA.

Thwaitesia, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 766.

Type 7. margaritifera, O. P.-Cambr. Ceylon.

The members of this genus remind one of both Theridion and Argyrodes, the

3 ET 2

396 ARANEIDEA.

resemblance to some species of the latter being due to the conical shape of the abdomen

and the silvery pearl-like scales with which they are spangled. The colulus is present,

very minute, but furnished at its apex with a pair of fine bristles; while the tarsal

comb on the fourth pair of legs is also strongly in evidence.

1. Thwaitesia affinis. (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 18, ¢; 19, 19a, ¢.)

Thwaitesia affinis, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 431, t. 31. fig. 8@'; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn.

Aran. i. p. 196, t. 25. figg. 2, 2a, 6 (2), 8, 8a-d (s)”. 7

Type, 2, in coll. O. P.-Cambridge; androtype, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 4, ¢ 3 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ?).—Sourn America, Amazons}.

EURYOPIS.

Euryopis, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. p. 174 (1868).

Type LE. flavomaculata (C. L. Koch). Europe.

Eyes of posterior row subequal, forming a slightly recurved line; anterior row feebly procurved, centrals

a little larger and further from each other than from the laterals. Clypeus higher than the central

ocular quadrangle. Tarsal comb present beneath tarsus iv. Colulus present, but very minute. Sternum

acuminate posteriorly.

The species occurring in Central America may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

a. Bulb of palpus with two long stout spines at its apex. . . . lineatipes, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Bulb of palpus with a single, short, slightly falciform spur at its apex. spinigera, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Vulva presenting a plain circular cavity, with a narrow chitinous

margin posteriorly. No discs representing the position of the

spermathece visible . . . . . . 1... oo . . lineatipes.

B. Vulva presenting a more or less transverse cavity, with a pair of discs

representing the position of the spermathece.

a. Vulva presenting a broad transverse oval cavity, the spermathecal

discs being one diameter apart . . . . . . . . . . . . probabilis,O. P.-Cambr.

b. Vulva presenting a narrow transverse oblong cavity, the sperma- .

thecal discs being only one-fourth of a diameter apart . ... . proxima, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Euryopis lineatipes. (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 20, ¢; 21, 2.)

Euryopis lineatipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 108, 131, t. 15.

figg. 6, 6a-d (¢)'*, t. 16. figg. 2, 2a,b (3).

Type 2, androtype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 and ¢, 4:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Guatemata (Sarg!); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion).

EURYOPIS.—EPISINUS. 397

2. Euryopis spinigera. (Tab. XXXVIL. fig. 22, ¢.) |

Kuryopis spinigera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 146, t. 19. figg..2,

2a-d (3). |

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg 4).

3. Kuryopis probabilis. (Tab. XXXVII. fig. 23, 2.)

Euryopis probabilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 295, t. 39. figg. 1,

la-d(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith").

4, Kuryopis proxima. (Tab. XXXVII. fig. 24, 2.)

Euryopis proxima, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 296, t. 39. figg. 2,

2a-d(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith 1).

EPISINUS.

Episinus, Walckenaer, in Latreille’s Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. p. 371 (1809).

Type £. truncatus, Walck. Europe.

The spiders belonging to this genus are similar in general character to those of

Spintharus, but they have the posterior row of eyes straight or recurved, and the

central eye-quadrangle not narrower, but if anything broader, in front; while the

central anterior eyes are more or less projecting. ‘The colulus is small, but distinct,

and the tarsal comb on the fourth pair of legs is also present.

The two species occurring in the collection before me may be separated as follows

by the form of the spurs at the apex of the palpal bulb :—

A. The spur (c on Plate) strongly curved ; the spur (0) broader and dilate

at the apex ee ee ee ew ww ww wwe pttus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. The spur (c) straight, though slightly sinuous; the spur (4) long and

narrow, not dilate at the apex . . . . 1. 1 «© © «© «© . « 6cognatus, O.-P. Cambr.

1. Episinus putus. (Tab. XXXVII. fig. 25, 25a, 3.)

Episinus putus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 182, t. 18. figg. 7,7a-d (g)}..

Episinus bigibbosus, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. pp. 167, 208, t. 20. figg. 8, 8a-d (¢?), t. 26. figg. 6,

6a-c (3g). ait

Type of £. putus, 3, and of £. bigibbosus, 9, and androtype, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length,

3 4:5, 9 5°75 millim.

398 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith+); Panama, Bugaba (Champion *).

The palpal organs of E. putus, 3, are precisely similar to those of L. biyibbosus, 3.

2, Episinus cognatus. (Tab. XX XVII. figg. 26, 26, ¢; 27, 2.)

Episinus cognatus,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 109, t. 15. figg. 2,

2a-e(d)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

- Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

This species is exceedingly closely allied to E. putus, but there are distinct differences,

very hard to observe, except under a high power, in the form of the spurs at the apex

of the palpal organs. The two species are sure to be confused together, unless a very

careful examination be made, for the organs are in general character precisely alike.

SPINTHARUS.

Spintharus, Hentz, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 283 (1850).

irype S. flavidus, Hentz. N. America.

The species included under this genus differ from those placed under Argyrodes,

Rhomphea, and Ariamnes in having no broad transverse groove on the carapace

behind; the central anterior eyes are also much smaller than the laterals, and the

central eye-quadrangle is narrower in front. The central posterior eyes are at least

two diameters apart. The colulus is very minute, its existence being indicated by the

presence of two hairs or bristles on its apex ; and the tarsal comb on the fourth pair

of legs is very distinct.

A single species only, which I identify as S. flavidus, Hentz, occurs in the collection

before me.

1. Spintharus flavidus. (Tab. XXXVII. fige. 28, 3; 29, 29 a-d, 2.)

Spintharus flavidus, Hentz, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 284, t. 10. fig. 8 (2) (1850) '; Spid.

U.S. (ed. Burgess), p. 156, t. 17. fig. 8 (9)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 176, t. 8.

_figg. 107, 107 a-d (2), 107 e-g (¢)*; Simon, P. Z.S. 1894, p. 521 (?)*; Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 287°; Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 28, t. 5. fig. 7 (?)°.

Spintharus elongatus, Keyserl. loc. cit. p. 178, t. 8. figg. 108, 1084 (?)’.

Spintharus lineatus,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 190, t. 23. figg. 11,

lla-f(d)’.

Spintharus affinis, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 190, t. 24. figg. 2, 2a-f(¢)°.

Type, 2, of S. flavidus, non-extant; of S. elongatus, 9, in coll. Univ. Warsaw; of S. lineatus, 3, and

S. affinis, §, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length of S. flavidus, 3 3°25, 9 4:5 millim.

Hab. Nortu America!*36, Lower California °.—Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith) ;

/GuateMALa, Chichochoc §, Coban® (Sarg); Panama, Bugaha (Champion).—Pxru ? ;

ANTILLES, St. Vincent 4.

SPINTHARUS.—STEMMOPS. 399

Having compared an example (?) of &. elongatus, Keyserl., with this author’s own

identifications of S. flavidus (2), and with numerous specimens from Central America,

I cannot but regard the two forms as identical. The abdomen varies in shape and

Jength, as well as in the dorsal pattern ; while the vulva appears to vary in form in

different examples, according to conditions of shrinkage &c.

The types (3) of S. lineatus and S. affinis are identical, the palpal organs being

precisely alike in both; but the spine in S. lineatus is more extended, while in

S. affinis the apical portion is partially concealed beneath the membrane. These

specimens have the male palpus formed as in Keyserling’s figure of S. flavidus (no

males occur in his collection), and there is no reason for supposing them to be other

than the sexual complements of the females occurring in the same collection, so that

S. lineatus and S. affinis are the males of S. flavidus.

DIPCENA.

Dipena, Thorell, Europ. Spid. p. 91 (1869).

Type D. melanogaster (C. L. Koch). Europe.

In the type of this genus the colulus is present as a small tubercle with one or two

bristles set on its apex. The tarsal comb is present beneath tarsus iv. The central

ocular quadrangle is much wider in front, the posterior centrals being less than one

diameter apart. The tibiz and protarsi i. and il. are armed with rows of very fine

long spines on their inner side.

A single species only, which probably belongs to this genus, has been detected in

the collection under examination.

1. Dipena proba.

_ Dipena proba, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 294, t. 37. figg. 9, 9a-d (3),

10, 10a-c (2 )*.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 1:5, ? 2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (7. H. Smith*).

STEMMOPS.

Stemmops, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 125 (1894).

Atuaulfo, O. P.-Cambridge, loc. cit. p. 178 (1896).

Mettus, O. P.-Cambridge, loc. cit. p, 292 (1899).

Type of Stemmops, 8. bicolor, O. P.-Cambr. (dg); of Ataulfo, A. nugaw, O. P.-Cambr. (3); of Mettus,

M. reclivis, O. P.-Cambr. (@): all three from Mexico.

The two male type-specimens are identical species, and the female type is most

probably their sexual complement.

Posterior central eyes largest ; posterior row slightly procurved; anterior eyes subequal. Clypeus as high as

the central ocular quadrangle. Tarsal comb present on tarsus iv. Colulus very minute. Sternum

broadly produced behind. :

400 ARANEIDEA.

1. Stemmops bicolor.

Stemmops bicolor, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 125, t. 17. figg. 5,

5a-g(d)’.

Ataulfo nugax, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 178, t. 22. fige. 7, 7af(3)’.

Mettus reclivis, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 293, t. 38. figg. 8, 8a-e( 9)’.

Types, ¢, of S. bicolor and of A. nugaa, and type, 2, of M. reclivis, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length

of each, 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith? ?).

LIGER.

Liger, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 210 (1896).

Type ZL. incomta, O. P.-Cambr. Guatemala.

Eyes of posterior row subequal; posterior row slightly recurved ; anterior eyes subequal. Clypeus nearly

twice as high as the central ocular quadrangle. Tarsal comb present beneath tarsus iv. Colulus very

minute. Sternum broadly produced behind.

1. Liger incomta.

Liger incomta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 210, t. 28. figg. 6, 6a-f()*.

Type, ¢d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°25 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua (Sarg 1).

EGILONA.

Egilona, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 187 (1896).

Type EZ. munda, O. P.-Cambr. Guatemala.

Eyes of posterior row subequal; posterior row straight; anterior eyes subequal. Clypeus as high as the

central ocular quadrangle. Tarsal comb present beneath tarsus iv. Colulus very minute. Sternum

broadly produced behind.

1. Egilona munda.

Egilona munda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 188, t. 28. figg. 7

7a-g(d)”.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°26 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua, Chipor (Sarg ').

_ ACH.LEA.

Achea, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 428.

Type A. insignis, O. P.-Cambr. (=A. trapezoidalis, Tacz., sec. Simon). Amazons.

‘This genus differs from Theridion and other closely allied groups by the great size

and prominence of the anterior central eyes, these being at least twice as large as the

anterior laterals; while the colulus is present, though very minute, and distinguished

by two hairs set on the apex. Sternum broad behind.

ACH AHA.—ARGYRODES, . 401

The two species recorded from Central America may be known by the following

characters :—

a. Apex of palpal bulb rounded, with a short, truncate, projecting lamina,

having a short black spine lying beneathit . . . . . . =. . . crocea, O. P.-Cambr.

b, Apex of palpal bulb narrowed into a truncate slightly bifid termination. mendax, O. P.-Cambr.

1, Achza crocea, (Tab. XX XVII. figg. 30, 304, 3.) :

Achea crocea, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 210, t. 26. figg. 11,

ll a-e (¢)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. GuatTEmata, Cubilguitz (Sarg 1).

2. Achza mendax. (Tab. XXXVII. figg. 31, 81a, 3.)

Achea mendax, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 294, t. 39. figg. 7,

7a-e(d)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua, Coban (Sarg ').

ARGYRODES.

Argyrodes, E, Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign, i. p. 253 (1864).

Type -A. epeire, E. Simon, =A. argyrodes (Walck.). Mediterranean Region.

The spiders belonging to this genus are well known to most collectors. They are

found abundantly in the webs of various species of Nephila and Argyope, where they

live amongst the confused tangle of threads, hanging like minute silver globules, the

females making their small characteristic wine-glass-shaped brown cocoons which are

hung up by the stem.

It is difficult to separate the species of Argyrodes from those of Rhomphea, if, indeed,

the two genera do not run together.

The tibie of the first pair of legs are shorter than the femora and longer than the

protarsi. The central posterior eyes are less than one diameter apart and are not

adjacent to the laterals, as in Khomphewa. The colulus is very distinct and the tarsal

comb present on the fourth pair of legs. Figures of the typical European species,

A. argyrodes (Walck.), are added for comparison (Tab. X XXVIII. figg. 9, 9 a-d, ¢ ;

10, ¢ ).

The species known to me from Central America may be recognized by the following

characters :— |

Males.

A. The four central eyes situated on apical portion of the pos-

terior lobe of the cephalic region ; the lateral pair on each’

side being three or four diameters removed from the base of

the fissure.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., October 1902. 3 FL

402 ARANEIDEA.

a. Cephalic region deeply bifid; anterior lobe incrassate,

compressed at the apex. Tarsal sheath of pe'pme deeply

emarginate at its apex . .

6. Cephalic region bilobate, but not t deeply bifid ; ; anterior

lobe evenly rounded.

a‘. The two cephalic lobes having a deep concavity between

them on each side below the anterior central eyes.

Palpi with an obliquely transverse, circularly curved,

conspicuous, black spine towards the apex of the bulb.

6°. The two cephalic lobes without any concavities between

them. Bulb of palpus with a stout, pale yellow,

circularly curved, slender process towards the apex, its

point directed upwards, but no transverse black spine.

a’, Abdomen produced at the apex behind, and also with

a slight rounded prominence on each side .

67, Abdomen evenly rounded behind . .

B. The four central eyes situated on the basal portion of ‘the

posterior lobe of the cephalic region, the lateral pair on each

side being situated close to the base of the fissure .

Females.

A. Abdomen compressed above, not apically developed, truncate

posteriorly.

a. Vulval area very small. Central scape very short-rounded,

with reflexed margin; lateral concavities very small, cir-

cular. (Abdomen with a single, small, central, posterior,

dorsal tubercle, besides a lateral apical tubercle on each

side.) rr a

b. Vulval area very much larger. Central scape much

longer, more pointed at the apex; lateral concavities

larger, elongate-oval.

a’, Abdomen with a single, very short, blunt, posterior,

central, dorsal tubercle. Scape of vulva much longer,

attenuate in the middle, dilate at the apex, recurved

upwards. . . . 2 ee coe

6’, Abdomen with three small, central, posterior, dorsal tu-

bercles, the upper one short, the lower pair transversely

situate and longer, bifurculate. Scape of vulva much

shorter, neither attenuate in the middle, nor dilate at

the apex, nor recurved upward, but depressed

B. Abdomen not compressed above, but dorsally and apically

developed.

a. Apex of abdomen not bilobate.

a’. Abdomen entirely covered with bright silvery scales,

except on the ventral area and on the central anterior

dorsal line. . 2. 1. 1 we

argentatus, O. P.-Cambr.

obtusus, O. P.-Cambr.

americanus, Tacz.

argenteo-maculatus, O. P.-Cambr.

trigonus, Hentz.

americanus.

subdolus, O. P.-Cambr.

maculosus, O. P.-Cambr.

argentatus.

ARGYRODES. 405

6°. Abdomen sparsely covered with isolated silvery scales,

with an apical and lateral brown blotch, as well as a

central dorsal anterior line with a transverse bar at its

apex... see ee ew ww ew we Sucundus, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Apex of abdomen bilobate woe ee we ew we ee trigonus.

1. Argyrodes argentatus. (Tab. XXXVIII. fige. 1,1, 3; 2, 2a, 2.)

Argyrodes argentata, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 325, t. 28. fies. 5,5a(3),56(9)'.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. O. P.-Cambridge. Totallength, ¢ 2, 2 4 millim. -

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (Z7. H. Smith). —Lower Amazons !.—East Inpres!; Cryion!;

MapaGascar 1.

I have not seen the type of this species, but Mexican examples referred to it were

identified by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge. The vulva of the female consists of a

black base with an irregular dull red excrescence, the latter being probably an

excretion, which conceals the true form of the external parts.

2. Argyrodes obtusus. (Tab. XXXVIII. figg. 3, 3a-c, 3.)

Argyrodes obtusa, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 338, t. 30. figg. 17, 176, ¢, 7, k (3)".

Argyrodes linguata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 259, t. 39. figg. 1,

la-e(é)’.

Type, ¢, of A. obtusa, in coll. O. P.-Cambridge, total Tength 2°75 millim.; of A. linguata, 3, in coll. Godman

& Salvin, total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA, Santa Ana (Sarg 2).—Townn Amazons !.

I have not seen the type of this species, but the Guatemalan specimen figured was

identified by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge and labelled by him A. obtusus. It

entirely agrees with his figures of the latter, and is also identical with the type of

A, linguatus now before me. |

3. Argyrodes americanus. (Tab. XXXVIII. figg. 4, 4a-d, ¢; 5, 5a, 2.)

Ero americana, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. x. p. 62 (?) (1878) °.

Argyrodes americanus, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 195, t. 9. figg. 117, 117 4 (2)*; Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 237°.

Argyrodes argentevla, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 128, t. 16. figg. 4,

4a-d (3)*.

Argyrodes aurea, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. pp. 207, 259, t. 26. figg. 1, 1 a-c (9)°, t. 39. figg. 4

4a-e(3)*.

Type, 2, of A. americanus, in Coll. Univ. Warsaw, total length 2°7 millim.; of A. argenteola, 3, in coll.

Godman & Salvin, total length 2 millim.; of A. aurea, 2 and androtype 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin,

total length, 2 2°5, ¢ 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith*+*). Tepic ?; Guatemana (Sarg °).—

Sovrn America, Cayenne !?, Amazons,

3 FE 2

404 ARANEIDEA.

The type, 2, of A. aureus is identical with an example of A. americanus in the

Keyserling collection, and it also agrees with his above-quoted figures*, made,

presumably, from aczanowski’s type. The females labelled A. argenteolus by the

Rev. O. P.-Cambridge, in the collection before me, also agree perfectly with the type

of A. aureus. The type, ¢, of A. argenteolus is identical with the androtype, ¢, of

A. aureus. There is no reason for supposing that these males and females are other

than sexual complements of one species, or that Banks is correct in regarding A. larvatus,

Keyserl., of which the type, ¢, is before me, as the sexual complement of 4. ameri-

canus, Tacz. In any case, A. larvatus, 6, is quite distinct from both A. argenteolus

and A. aureus, 3.

Our figures of the vulva of the female A. americanus are taken from the example in

Keyserling’s collection; those of the male are from the type of A. aureus.

4, Argyrodes argenteo-maculatus. (Tab. XXXVIII. figg. 6, 6a, b, 3.)

Argyrodes argenteo-maculata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 1938, t. 24.

fige. 9, 9a-e(g)'.

Type, ¢,in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ?).

The palpal organs of this species are so similar to those of A. americanus that one

can scarcely separate them. ‘The abdomen is, however, distinctly different in form,

but with so little material one cannot judge of the possible variability in this respect.

I have therefore, for the present, treated these two forms as distinct.

5. Argyrodes trigonus. (Tab. XXXVIII. fige. 7, 72,0, ¢; 8, 8a,b, 2.)

Theridium trigonum, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 280, t. 9. figg. 24 (9), 25 (¢)';

Spid. U.S. (ed. Burgess), p. 152, t. 16. figg. 24 (¢), 25 (¢), t. 19. figg. 117, 181 (¢)

t. 21. fig. 14 (¢)*.

Argyrodes argyrodes, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. i. p. 181, t. 8. figg. 109, 109 a-c (¢)

109 d(?)°*

Argyrodes trigonum, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 28, t. 5. figg. 1, 1a, 16, le (?),

le,ld(g)*.

Argyrodes bicornis, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z, S. 1880, p. 334, t. 29. fig. 12 (¢)’.

Type 3, gynetype 9, of A. trigonus, Hentz, non-extant; of A. bicornis, §, O. P.-Cambr., in coll. O. P.-Cambr.,

total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. Nort America, United States '~4—Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H.

Smith).—BraziL, Parana ®.

Emerton was the first arachnologist to give a recognizable figure of the species

which he regarded as A. trigonus (Hentz)—published in Burgess’s edition of Hentz’s

‘Spiders,’ and again in the ‘New England Theridide ’—this having previously been

confounded with A. argyrodes (Walck.) (Ins. Apt. ii. p. 282) by several authors.

Keyserling, however, perceived that the species which he ascribed to A. argyrodes

ARGYRODES. 405

(Walck.) was quite different from A. epeire, Simon, from Corsica, a form also usually

treated as identical with A. argyrodes ; but other writers made the mistake of regarding

the North-American form as identical with A. argyrodes.

The type of the latter is, as Walckenaer himself says, in his own collection, though he

is doubtful as to whether it came from “ Algeria” or “ Guadaloupe,” and in his descrip-

tion he makes no mention of the bifurcate apex of the abdomen, so characteristic of

A. trigonus (Hentz). Wherever it came from, Walckenaer’s species is not A. trigonus

(Hentz), and it is most probable that its real habitat was Algeria. Simon (Arachn.

Fr. v. p. 16) has given the first really good description and figures of the species

which he has identified as A. argyrodes, Walck., and one must accept his interpretation,

in all probability a correct one. Thorell (Europ. Spid. p. 80) also asserts the identity

of A. argyrodes with A. epeire, but on the strength of examples from Brazil.

We come to the conclusion, then, that A. trigonus (Hentz) and A. argyrodes (Walck.)

are two quite different species, and I very much doubt if the latter has ever been taken

in America at all; at any rate, there is no evidence to justify such an assumption.

Figures of the essential characteristics of each of them are given on the Plate for the

sake of comparison. In A. argyrodes the central eyes of both rows are situated high

up on the posterior lobe of the ocular area, while the lateral pairs are far remote from

the base of the fissure. In A. trigonus, on the other hand, the central eyes are situated

quite at the dase of the posterior lobe, and the lateral pairs lie closely adjacent. ‘The

palpal organs are also of quite distinct character in the two species: see Emerton’s

admirable figures, and also, for the eyes, that of Simon (Arachn. Fr. v. t. 25. fig. 3).

I have not seen the type of A. dicornis, O. P.-Cambr., from Brazil, but the figures of

the eyes, and of the abdomen with its bifurcate apex (P. Z. 8. 1880, t. 29. fig. 12), leave

little room for doubt that this, too, is identical with A. trigonus (Hentz).

Keyserling’s figures of the palpi of this genus are not sufficiently detailed to be of

any great value, but fortunately his types and examples are before me. Our figures

of A. argyrodes are from specimens taken in Spain and kindly furnished by M. E. Simon,

and there are also examples of the same species in the Keyserling Collection from

Lesina and Corsica, which I have examined in comparison.

6. Argyrodes subdolus. (Tab. XXXVIII. figg. 11, lla, 2.)

Argyrodes subdola, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 260, t. 39. fige. 2, -

2a-c (?)’:

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-25 millim.

Hab. GuateMALa, San Antonio (Sarg 1).

7. Argyrodes maculosus. (Lab. XXXVIII. figg. 12,120, g; 13,184,8, 2.)

Argyrodes maculosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 258, t. 37. figg. 3,

3a,b(¢)’.

406 ARANEIDEA.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

‘In the form of the abdomen, especially of the three nipple-like prominences in

the upper central posterior dorsal line, this species so closely resembles A. feliz,

O. P.-Cambr. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 340, t. 30. fig. 19), from Parana, that I have little

doubt the two are identical. Without seeing the types, however, and thus being

able to compare the form of the vulva, one is not justified in regarding them as

conspecific.

8. Argyrodes jucundus. (Tab. XXXVIILI. figg. 14, 14 a-c, 2.)

Argyrodes jucunda, O. P.-Cambr. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 826, t. 18. figg. 6, 6a-d (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. O. P.-Cambridge. Total length 3°25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).—BraziL, Parana !.

RHOMPHAKA.

Rhomphea, Li. Koch, Arachn. Austral. p. 289 (1872).

Type 2. cometes, L. Koch. Australia.

In this genus, which is scarcely separable from Argyrodes, the central posterior eyes

are, in the typical species, wide apart and closely adjacent to the lateral posteriors,

while in the typical Argyrodes the central posteriors are further from the laterals and

closer together. I cannot feel confident that the characters drawn from the curvature

of the posterior row of eyes are likely to be of much value. ‘The colulus is present

and very distinct (as in Argyrodes), as well as the tarsal comb on the fourth pair

of legs.

The species occurring in the collection before me may be recognized as follows :—

Females.

A. Apex of abdomen bifurcate or with a short flagellum.

1. Apex of abdomen terminating in a shallow bifurcation. Femur i.

not more than half as long as the abdomen.

a. Abdomen longer, more slender towards the apex, seen in profile.

Vulva longer, more conical, less concave beneath. . . . . furcata, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Abdomen shorter, less slender towards the apex, seen in profile.

Vulva shorter, less conical, more rounded and more concave

beneath . 2. 1 1 1. ww we, see ee ee . Otfissa, nom, n.

2. Apex of abdomen terminating in a small flagellum or bristle-like

appendage. Femur i. as long as, or longer than, the abdomen . projiciens, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Apex of abdomen simple, conical . . . 2 1... 1. ee procera, O. P.-Cambr.

Norr.—The male of RB. projiciens alone occurs in the collection. -

RHOMPH#A.—ARIAMNES., AQT

1. Rhomphza furcata, (Tab. XXXVIII. figg. 15, 15 a,b, 2.)

Ariamnes furcata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p- 129, t. 17. figg. 10,.

10 a,5(¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:25 millim.

Hab, Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

The description and figures are drawn from an example which is probably not

fully mature.

2. Rhomphea bifissa, nom.n. (Tab. XXXVIII. figg. 16, 16 a,b, 2.)

Argyrodes furcata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 258, t. 39. figg. 3,

3.a-c (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith').

This species is closely allied to R. furcata, but stouter and with the vulva different

in form (see Plate and Table). It belongs to the genus Rhomphea, however, and not to

Argyrodes, as at present characterized, so that the name furcata, being already occupied

in the first-mentioned genus, must be changed. |

3. Rhomphea projiciens. (Tab. XX XVIII. figg. 17, 17a, ¢; 18, 2.)

Rhomphea projiciens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 186, t. 23. figg. 9,

9a-d(g),10,10a,5b(¢)’.

Type g, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

4, Rhomphea procera, (Tab. XX XVIII. figg. 19,19 a, 2.)

Ariamnes procera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 257, t. 38. figg. 5,

5a,b(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. . Total length 3:25 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

ARIAMNES.

Ariamnes, Thorell, Europ. Spid. pp. 37, 388 (1869) (nom. nov. for Ariadne, Doleschall, preoccupied

in Lepidoptera, in 1829, by Horsfall).

Type A. flagellum (Doleschall). Dutch East Indies.

The spiders usually referred to this genus are very similar to those placed under

Rhomphea, except as regards the shape of the abdomen, sinuously vermiform in this

case. ‘The clypeus is normal, not projecting forwards nor higher than the width of

the central eye-quadrangle, as it isin Rhomphea. Tibiai. is shorter than the femur

408 ARANEIDEA.

and longer than the protarsus. A very minute colulus is present, and also the tarsal

comb on the fourth pair of legs.

The two species occurring in the collection before me may be recognized as

follows :—

a. Leg iv. longer than the abdomen... .. . + + + gracillimus, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Leg iv. shorter than the abdomen . . ... . . + ~ « Qapproximatus, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Ariamnes gracillimus. (Tab. XX XVIII. figg. 20, 20a, 4, 2.)

Ariamnes gracillima, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 129, t. 17. figg. 9,

9a-c(?2)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 22°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Los Remedios in Chiriqui (Champion 1).

The length quoted for this and the next species is taken from the clypeus to the

apex of the abdomen.

2. Ariamnes approximatus.

Ariamnes approzimata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 180, t. 17. figg. 8,

8 a-c(¢)}.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 24°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba in Chiriqui (Champion).

Notre.—The type of the following genus, which belongs to the Theridiide, has come

to hand since the preceding pages have been in type :—

COLEOSOMA.

Coleosoma, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 154 (1895).

Type C. flavipes, O. P.-Cambr. Central America.

This genus belongs to the group of stridulating Theridiide, and differs from all

others of the family in having a large bifid plate on the anterior margin of the abdomen

above the pedicle.

1. Coleosoma flavipes.

Coleosuma flavipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 154, t. 19. figg. 12,

12 a-d(3)’.

Type, ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith*); Guarewana, Coban (Sarg ').

MIMETUS. 409

Fam. MIMETIDA.

The genera here included in the family Mimetide differ from the Theridiide in

having no row of serrate bristles beneath tarsus iv.; and from the Argyopide in having

the tibiz and protarsi i. and ii. furnished on the inner side with a series of widely

separate, very long spines, the interspaces being set with a row of smaller curved spines,

increasing in length distally.

Subfam. MIMETINA.

The spiders belonging to this subfamily, including the well-known tropical genera

Galena, OC. L. Koch, and Mimetus, Hentz, and the European genus Ero, C. L. Koch, are

most probably the remnants of some very ancient group of which the majority have

died out. Their most conspicuous character lies in the relatively greater length of the

first two pairs of legs, whose tibiz and protarsi are furnished with a series of widely

separate and very long spines, while the interspaces are set with a row of smaller,

curved, and more closely situated spines, those of each row increasing in length distally.

The mandibles in Galena and Mimetus are soldered together at the base and very

simple in their armature. The colulus is present.

The three genera occurring in Central America may be distinguished as follows :—

GENERA.

A. Sternum not produced between coxe iv. Tibi and protarsi 111. and iv.

spinose. Central anterior eyes less than half their diameter from the

laterals and larger in proportion . , ee eee

B, Sternum produced between coxe iv. ‘Tibie and protarsi iii. and iv.

almost entirely without spines. Central anterior eyes at least a full

diameter from the laterals and smaller in proportion . . . . . . Gauena, C. L. Koch.

Mimetus, Hentz.

MIMETUS.

Mimetus, Hentz, Amer. Journ. Sci. (1) xxi. p. 104 (1832).

Type M. syllepsicus, Hentz. North America.

The general characters of the spiders referred to Mimetus are very similar to those

of Galena—the tibie and protarsi of the third and fourth pairs of legs being, however,

clothed with long spines. The central anterior eyes are less than half their own

diameter from the laterals, and are larger in proportion than is the case in Galena;

the clypeus also being higher, slightly over one diameter of an anterior central eye.

The sternum is not produced between cox iv., nor are the palpi in the male so long

and slender as in Galena. Tarsal claws three; colulus present.

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. LI., December 1902. . 36f

410 ARANEIDEA.

The species may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Centre of bulb of palpus presenting two sharp apophyses only

(see Tab. XXXIX., a & A).

a. The upper apophysis (a) much longer and straight . . . . digibbosus, O. P.-Cambr.

b. The upper apophysis (a) much shorter, inconspicuous, and

slightly curved . 2. 2 2 2 ee ee ee ee ereudelis, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Centre of bulb of palpus presenting three sharp curved apo-

physes (see Tab. XXXIX., a,b,c). 2. - + © © + + + Tapar, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Carapace with a scalloped dark band down the middle. Vulval

orifice transverse-oval, its upper margin not prolonged, emar-

ginateinthe middle . . 2. 2... ee + we ee ee PPAR.

B. Carapace unicolorous yellow. Vulval orifice with its upper

margin prominent, prolonged, not emarginate in the middle . ¢trituberculatus, O. P.-Cambr.

The type of WM. hirsutus is in a shrunken condition, and its characters cannot properly

be made out.

1. Mimetus bigibbosus. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 1, 1a, 4, 3.)

Mimetus bigibbosus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 133, t. 18. figg. 12,

12 a-d(¢)".

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith').

9. Mimetus crudelis. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 2, 2a, ¢.)

Mimetus crudelis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Avan. i. p. 297, t. 36. figg. 8,

8a-c(¢g)’.

Type, d,in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemaa (Sarg ').

3. Mimetus rapax. (Jab. XXXIX. figg. 3, 3a,d, 3.)

Mimetus rapaz, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 296, t. 36. figg. 6, 6 a-d (3),

7,7a(@)’. .

Type d,gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 3°75, Q 5:25 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

4, Mimetus trituberculatus. (Tab. XX XIX. figg. 4, 4a, 2.)

Mimetus trituberculatus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 297, t. 36. figg. 5,

5a,6(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Los Remedios in Chiriqui (Champion !).

MIMETUS.—GALENA, 411

5. Mimetus hirsutus.

Mimetus hirsutus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 298, t. 36. figg. 9,

9a(?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith +).

The type of this species is partially dried and shrunken, and the bristles thus appear

to be closely placed, giving it a very hirsute appearance. The abdomen of UV. trituber-

culatus is clothed with similar bristles, which are not, however, represented in the

figure given in Vol. I. The vulva of MZ. hirsutus is not visible, and one cannot there-

fore judge of the value of the species.

GALENA.

Galena*, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xii. p. 105 (1845).

Type G. zonata, C. L. Koch (3). ? Brazil.

Legs i. and ii. subequal, much longer than iii. and iv. ; tibia and protarsi i. and ii. (the latter being strongly

curved) furnished with long, widely separate spines, having a row of shorter, closely adjacent, curved

spines between them, ili. and iv. with one or two spines only; femora of all four pairs closely spined.

Carapace very convex above, central fovea circular, very deep. Central anterior eyes at least one full

diameter from the laterals. Clypeus narrower than the anterior central eyes. Sternum produced into a

long narrow plate between coxe iv. Palpus of the male very long and slender. Tarsal claws three.

Colulus present.

The females of the species here recognized may be distinguished thus :—

Females.

a. Carapace unicolorous, without broad yellow-brown central band.

a'. Vulval area much larger, having a broad central tongue with a

large cavity on each side ; seen from above, it appears as a large,

broad, triangular, chitinous area, with a pair of central adjacent

shallow depressions . ..... 6+... - . . . miata, O. P.-Cambr.

b!. Vulval area much smaller, without a cavity on each side. Seen

from above, it appears as a small, central, pointed tongue, directed

forwards, having on each side a very small cavity, with an orifice

evident at the bottom ofeach . . . . » ee ew we. 6Consequa, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Carapace with a broad yellow-brown central band - 2. se « . « « adistincta, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Galena mixta. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 5, 5a, 6, ¢; 6, 6a-e, 2.)

Gelanor mixtus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 803 (¢ ?)'.

Gelanor medius, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 8304 (¢ 9)”.

Type d, gynetype 2, of both G. mata and G. media, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length of G. mizta,

3 5, 2 7:25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Menché, Chiacam (Sarg!?); Panama, Bugaba (Champion?)..

I cannot see in G. media (O. P.-Cambr.), 2, anything more than an immature form

* Galene, not Galena, was preoccupied by de Haan in 1835.

3a@f 2

412 ARANEIDEA.

of G. mixta (O. P.-Cambr.); nor can I recognize in the males of the two species any

characters by which they can be separated. The male type of G. miata is from

Guatemala, the gynetype is from Panama.

2. Galena consequa., (Tab. XX XIX. figg. 7, 7a, 2.)

Gelanor consequus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 306 (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

This species bears a general resemblance to G. mixta, but it is smaller, and the form

of the vulva is totally different. See Plate and Table.

3. Galena distincta. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 8, 8a, 2.)

Gelanor distinctus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 804 (9?)'.

Gelanor errans, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 305 (¢ 2)’.

Types, 9, of both G. distincta and G. errans (immature), and androtype, ¢ (immature), of G. errans, in coll.

Godman & Salvin. Total length of G. distincta, 2 , 5°75 millim.

Hab. PaNnaMa, Bugaba (Champion '*).

I cannot find amongst the specimens referred to G. errans any adult males, but only

two immature examples of that sex. The females referred to G. errans appear to me

to be merely undeveloped examples of G. distincta.

Fam. ARGYOPIDA.

The spiders here included in this family vary exceedingly in general appearance, as

well as in habits. The best known will be the numerous spinners of the orb-web,

the Epeiride of authors. The sheet-web spinners, the Linyphiine, may perhaps

eventually be separated again into a distinct family, but one cannot for present

purposes undertake a complete revision of the entire group.

As a whole, the members of the Argyopide may be distinguished from the

Theridiide by the absence of any definite single series of serrated spines beneath

tarsus iv. I have not, so far, found that this character breaks down; although in the

Theridiosomatine the tarsi and the apical fourth of protarsus iv. exhibit a thick cluster

of serrate bristles beneath, but they also possess the extra claw-like bristles especially

noticeable in the Argyopine.

For general purposes, the numerous species included in this family which have

been recorded from Central America may be grouped under the following subfamilies,

and are recognizable by the characters given below :—

A. Tarsi and apical tourth of protarsus iv. clothed beneath with a cluster of

serrated bristles. Legs, especially the tibie and protarsi i. and ii.,

furnished with long bristles and long, fine, silky hairs . THERIDIOSOMATIN

ARGYOPIDA.

B. Tarsi and protarsus iv. not so furnished. Legs clothed with spines and

bristles, or bristles only, but not disposed in the same manner.

i. Spiders in both sexes exhibiting on the external side of the basal

segment of the mandible a striate, cuspulate, or cuspulo-rugulose or

cuspulo-striate area, correlating with one or more cusps or spines on

the inner side and at the base of the femur of the palpus . .

ii, Spiders not exhibiting these stridulating-organs.

a’. Mandible with or without a rudimentary rounded boss on the outer

side at the base.

a’. Boss absent. Margins of fang-groove armed with numerous teeth .

b°. Boss rudimentary. Margins of fang-groove armed with few teeth .

b'. Mandible with a distinct rounded boss on the outer side at the base.

* Legs relatively longer; protarsi and tarsi longer than patelle and

tibie.

1. Vulva of female simple; posterior row of eyes straight ; carapace

convex * 2 5 6 «© «© & «© @ ow ew ew ew ee

2. Vulva of female developed; posterior row of eyes strongly

procurved; carapace flat. . . 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. we ee,

** Legs relatively shorter; protarsi and tarsi not longer than the

patelle and tibie.

a’. Spinners free, not lying within a chitinous sheath .

6°. Spinners encircled by a short, cylindrical, chitinous sheath .

Subfam. THERIDIOSOMATIN 2.

413

LINYPHIIN2.

TETRAGNATHINA.

METINA.

NEPHILIN#.

ARGYOPIN#.

ARANEINA.

GASTERACANTHINE.

Central pair of spinners set longitudinally, parallel, between the posterior pair, together forming a straight

transverse line ; anterior pair much longer. Tarsi and apical fourth of protarsus iv. set beneath with

numerous serrated bristles (but not with a single series of stout serrate spines, as in the Theridiide).

Legs armed with long, slender bristles and long, fine, silky hairs, especially above the tibie and

protarsi i. and ii.; the patelle also with a long bristle at their apex above.

Tarsal claws 3; super-

numerary serrate spines (claws so-called) very distinct in Theridiosoma and Epeirotypus, less so in

Wendilgarda. Colulus long and narrow.

The spiders included in this subfamily combine in general appearance the characters

of the Theridiide and Argyopide ; but the absence of a definite tarsal comb on the

fourth pair of legs distinguishes them from the former, while the absence of spines on

the legs separates them from the latter. The abdomen is more or less globular or

angular-globose and the legs very short, longer in Wendilgarda.

The genera which are represented in Central America may

follows :—

GENERA.

A. Legs relatively much shorter. Eyes more closely grouped.

a, Abdomen globular; central posterior eyes slightly closer to

each other (one-quarter of a diameter apart, one-third from

be recognized as

the laterals) than they are to the laterals . . . . . . . Taeripiosoma, O. P.-Cambr.

414 ARANEIDEA.

6. Abdomen angular ; central posterior eyes much further from

each other (one and a half diameters apart, one-third from

the laterals) . . . -

Ree ee ere Erzrrotryrus, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Legs relatively much longer. Eyes more widely separated . . Wenpincarpa, Keyserl.

THERIDIOSOMA..

Theridiosoma, O. P.-Cambridge, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 193 (1879).

Type 7. gemmosum (L. Koch). Europe.

The type-species is much smaller than that of Wendilgarda ; the legs are relatively shorter and the eyes more

closely grouped. The abdomen is globular. The central posterior eyes are slightly larger than the

laterals, and a little closer together, being one-fourth of a diameter apart and one-third of a diameter

from the laterals. The colulus is present, and the posterior and central pairs of spinners are situated in

the same transverse straight line. The supernumerary claws, so called, are quite distinct in members of

this genus.

The two species occurring in the collection may be separated thus :—

Females.

a. Abdomen unicolorous dull orange. Posterior margin of vulva with

a shallower -shaped indentation in the middle. . . . . . . concolor, Keys.

6. Abdomen spotted with silver and black. Posterior margin of vulva

more deeply indentate in the middle. . . - . + . + + + « globosum, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Theridiosoma concolor.

Theridiosoma concolor, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer. ii. p. 219, t. 10. figg. 183, 183 a—-c (9).

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith)—Sourn America, Pebas, Amazons’.

One cannot be quite certain, in the absence of the type, whether the examples before

me are really identical with 7. concolor, but it seems probable.

2. Theridiosoma globosum.

Andrasta globosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 192, t. 24. figg. 5,

5a-f (3), 6, 64,5 (2)’.

Type ¢, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2, 9 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

This species may be identical with 7. argentatuwm, Keyserl., described from an

immature male; but even with the type before me it would be difficult to decide.

EPEIROTYPUS.

Epeirotypus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 134 (1894).

Type Z. brevipes, O. P.-Cambr. Central America.

The type-species differs from that of both Theridiosoma and Wendilgarda in having an angular abdomen, and

EPEIROTYPUS.—LINYPHIIN &. 415

from the latter in having relatively much shorter legs and the eyes more closely grouped, while the

central posteriors are much larger than the laterals and much further apart than they are from the

laterals. The colulus is present, and the posterior pairs of spinners are situated in the same transverse

straight line.

1. Epeirotypus brevipes.

Epeirotypus brevipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 134, t. 18. figg. 11,

ll a—d (¢)?*; loc. cit. p. 161, t. 19. figg. 14, 14a-e (¢)”*.

Type 2, androtype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 2 3:5, ¢ 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith*); Guaremaza, Senahu (Sarg’).

WENDILGARDA.

Wendilgarda, Keyserling, Spinn. Amer. ii. p. 129 (1886).

Type W. meaicana, Keyserl. Mexico.

The type-species of this genus is much larger than the typical Theridiosoma, and differs from it in having the

legs considerably longer and the eyes more widely separated. The central quadrangle is scarcely longer

than broad; the central posterior eyes are much closer together, one diameter apart, than to the laterals,

two diameters from the latter and almost equal to them in size. The sternum is broadly convex between

coxe iv. The colulus is present, and the central and posterior pairs of spinners are in one and the same

straight transverse line. The abdomen is globular.

1. Wendilgarda mexicana.

Wendilgarda mexicana, Keyser). Spinn, Amer. ii. p. 130, t. 15. figg. 208, 208 a-c (¢)’.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length 4-4 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé'); Guaremata (Sarg).

Subfam. LJINY PHIINE.

Since I am unable at present to find that any of the characters usually given for

distinguishing the Linyphia-group from that including Hrigone, Walckenaeria, &c. are

reliable, the spiders comprised in these groups are left under the subfamily Linyrhiine,

distinguished from the other subfamilies of the Argyopide by the possession in both

sexes of a more or less distinct organ of stridulation on the mandible.

The recognizable genera of the Linyphia-group may be distinguished hy the

characters noted below; those belonging to the Erigone-group I am unable to define

without making a fuller study of all the numerous and very minute forms involved.

GENERA.

I, Legs without lateral spines ; with only a few spiniform hairs above. SrHeExora, Simon.

II. Legs with lateral spines, as well as those above.

A. Mandibles, in both sexes, with an indistinct granulo-rugulose,

or granulo-striate, longitudinal band on the outer side; not

simply striate. Central posterior eyes seated upon black

tubercles and much larger than the centrals.

416 ARANEIDEA.

1. Stridulating-band of mandible granulo-rugulose . . . . . Nerienz, Blackw.

2. Stridulating-band of mandible granulo-striate. . . . . . Fuorinpa, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Mandibles, in both sexes, with a longitudinal band of distinct

separate transverse striz.

a. Anterior lateral margin of carapace without fovea. Protarsi

i, and 11. with one or more spines.

a’. Eye-groups more widely separate. Sternum longer than

broad. . 2. wwe we ee ee ew +e) he) 6 FRONTINELLA, Zen. NOV.

b'. Eye-groups more closely situated. Sternum not longer

than broad . 2. 1. ww ee ee ee

6. Anterior lateral margin of carapace with a deep fovea. Pro-

tarsii. and ii. without spines . . . . . . - - - ~~ Batuypnanres, Menge.

LeprHyPHANTES, Menge.

STHELOTA.

Sthelota, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign, 2nd edit. p. 704 (1894).

Type S. albonotata (Keyserling). Central America.

This genus belongs, according to Simon, to that group which has the legs less

spinose than in the allied forms. It is allied to Microneta. A single species is

recorded as occurring in Central America; and Frontina phenicea, O. P.-Cambr.,

is placed in Sthelota for the present.

1. Sthelota albonotata.

Linyphia albonotata, Keyserling, Spinn. Amer., Therid. ii. p. 89, t. 14. figg. 183, 1834 (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Panama, Isthmus of Darien !.

2. Sthelota pheenicea.

Frontina phenicea, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p-. 144, t. 17. figg. 1,

laf (3), 2,20 (9)’. |

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2-5, 9 2°75 millim.

Hab. GuatTEMaLa, Antigua (Stoll 1).

This species is allied to Microneta. It differs from the type of Sthelota (to judge

from M. Simon’s diagnosis of the genus) in the relative position of the posterior eyes.

The male is remarkable for the development of the tibia of the palpus, in which it

resembles Oreoneta rudis (O. P.-Cambr.) and Hilaira uncata (O. P.-Cambr.).

NERIENE.

Neriene, Blackwall, Lond. & Edinb.-Phil. Mag. (8) iii. p. 187 (1838).

Type WV. marginata, Blackw., = clathrata (Sund.). Europe.

Mandibles in both sexes with an indistinct cuspulo-striate or rugulose-cuspulate longitudinal band on the

NERIENE.

outer side, correlated with four or five minute setigerous cusps on the inner side of the femur of the

palpus. Eyes of posterior row very unequal, centrals larger, situated on large black tubercles.

Patella of male palpus without apical cusps. Sternum elongate, produced behind between coxe iy.

Paracymbium of palpal bulb usually conspicuous, elongate-falciform.

The species here referred to Neriene were recognized as a separate group by

Keyserling (Spinn. Amer., Therid. ii.), but described under the name of Frontina,

whose type belongs to quite a different group.

They are closely allied to Linyphia clathrata, Sund., and if separated from that

genus the name Neriene must be restored, with WV. clathrata as the type.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 9 (1902).]

Males.

1. Bulb of palpus with a very long, conspicuous, spiraloid, curved embolus.

a. Carapace with a dark, central, longitudinal line. Bulb of palpus from

inner side presenting a broad, flat, horny surface

6. Carapace without dark central line. Bulb not broad and flat.

a’, Embolus of bulb terminating in two distinct fine points apically, its

basal half lying in a chitinous sheath or conductor foe

b'. Embolus of bulb terminating in a single fine point apically, not two-

fold; its basal half not lying in a sheath-like conductor . .

2. Bulb of palpus without very long conspicuous embolus.

la. Abdomen black, with a few latero-dorsal white spots.

a, Bulb of palpus with three large hook-like spurs at its apex and a large

spur at its base. Paracymbium of bulb conspicuous, falciform .

b?. Bulb of palpus without the large spurs at its apex or the large spur at

the base. Paracymbium inconspicuous . ae .

14. Abdomen black, with a broad, continuous, latero-dorsal, white band

Females.

A. Vulva with a central tongue-like piece or dividing septum.

1. Vulva exhibiting a central tongue-like piece, the orifice, however, not

divided longitudinally by this piece to form a cavity on each side.

a. Tongue-like piece of vulva semicircular, transverse. .

b. Tongue-like piece of vulva longitudinal, more or less wedge-shaped.

a’. Base of tongue-like piece very narrow, without central groove or

small transverse hood-like piece . er a

}. Base of tongue-like piece very broad, with a deep central groove

and a small hood-like piece . oe Le .

2, Vulval orifice divided longitudinally by a variously formed tongue- like

piece or chitinous septum, forming a cavity on each side.

a. Vulval orifice divided by a central tongue-like piece.

* Tongue-like piece without projecting ovipositor .

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. Il., December 1902.

[Cf. Ann.

longispina, sp. 0.

duplicata, sp. n.

simplicata, sp. n.

trifaleata, sp. n.

gamma, sp. 0.

bifasciata, sp. n.

linguatula, sp. n.

longispina.

limbata, sp. n.

pallida, sp. n.

3 yt

3 ut

418 ARANEIDEA.

** Tongue-like piece exhibiting beneath it a projecting ovipositor.

a’. Posterior margin of tongue-like piece deeply emarginate . . .- emarginata, sp. n.

b*. Posterior margin of tongue-like piece convex, not emarginate . convexd, sp. n.

b?. Vulval orifice divided longitudinally by a narrow, central, chitinous

septum.

a’. Central septum deeply depressed in the middle. . - - + = | lambda, sp. n.

6‘. Central septum uniformly convex . . + .- woe ew ee) higrita, Sp. N.

B. Vulva forming a simple transverse orifice, without dividing tongue or

septum se ee ee eee bifasciata.

1. Neriene longispina, sp. n. (Tab, XXXIX. figg. 9, 94a, b, os; 10,

10 a, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 2, 55 millim.

Female. Carapace red-brown, broadly margined with dusky brown, with a fine central, longitudinal, dark line,

dilate behind the eyes. Sternum black. Abdomen black dorsally, with a central, leaf-like, whity-brown

pattern, deeply dentate posteriorly ; lateral line almost entirely surrounded by a narrow white band,

which is broken, however, in front and more broadly so behind, its posterior half on each side broken up

into separate spots; ventral area dull black, with a faint dull white line on each side, extending from

the spiracles almost to the spinners. Legs pale orange-yellow. Femora i. and ii. with two fine spines

dorsally about the middle. Tibia and protarsi with dorsal, lateral, and ventral fine spines.

The male is more elongate and brighter in colour than the female. The central posterior eyes in both sexes

are larger than the laterals and seated upon conspicuous black tubercles. The patella of the male-

palpus has no apical cusp or spur. The mandibles and mouth-parts in both sexes are dull black.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith).

2. Neriene duplicata, sp.n. (Tab. XX XIX. figg. 11, 11 a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 5 millim.

This species is similar in general pattern and colours to NV. longispina, but the carapace has no marginal nor

central dark band, the sternum, mandibles, and mouth-parts are red-brown, and the legs are pale yellow.

For the characters furnished by the palpal orgaus, see Plate and Table.

Hab. Muxico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith) ; Guaremaua (Surg).

3. Neriene simplicata, sp.n. (lab. XX XIX. figg. 12, 12a, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim,

Carapace, legs, and mandibles pale orange, without central or marginal dark bands; sternum dusky brown ;

abdominal pattern and white lateral bar much more indistinct than in N. longispina.

For more minute

differential characters, see Table and Plate.

Hab. GuatEMALA, Coban (Sarg).

4. Neriene trifalcata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 13, 13a, b, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5 millim.

General characters similar to those of NV. lonyispina, but the mandibles, mouth-parts, and sternum are paler

aud the carapace has no marginal nor central dark bands, though there is a tendency towards a. bruad

dusky marginal suffusion in some examples. For other differential characters, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Guatema.a (Sarg).

NERIENE. 419

5. Neriene gamma, sp.n. (Tab. XXXINX. figg. 14, 14.4, J, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace, mandibles, mouth-parts, and sternum deep brown, the former without central or marginal bands ;

legs pale yellow. Abdomen deep black, with a few lateral white spots. For other characters, see Table

and Plate.

Tab. GuateMALa, Coban (Sarg).

6. Neriene pallida, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 15, 15a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

General colour dull olive-brown, the normal markings on the abdomen very indistinct. Legs very pale

yellow ; no central nor lateral dark bands on the carapace. The single specimen received is probably

not so dark as it would be if it were more mature. For vulva, see Table and Plate,

Hab. Guatemata, Coban (Sarg).

7. Neriene emarginata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. fig. 16, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim. .

General characters as in WV. longispina, except that the central and marginal dark hands on the carapace are

absent. The legs, especially iii. and iv., decidedly annulate; the femora of i. and ii, with a long dusky

slash on the inner and outer sides, similar to that noticeable in the European NV. furtiva (QO. P.-Cambr.)

For the vulva, see the Table and Plate.

Hab. GuateMata, Coban (Sarg).

8, Neriene convexa, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 17, 17a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

This spider is similar to V. emarginata, but in two examples the carapace is bright orange (instead of brown),

and there are no dusky slashes on femora i. and ii. For the vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (7. H. Smith).

Perhaps a variety of V. emarginata.

9. Neriene lambda, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. figg. 18, 18a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Characters as in NV. longispina, except that the general colour is dull olive-brown, while the carapace has a

very broad, marginal, dusky suffusion, ‘The mandibles, mouth-parts, and sternum are dull red-brown.

For the vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab, GuateMALA, Coban (Sarq).

10. Neriene nigrita, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. figs, 19, 19a, 2.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Very like NV. lambda, but with the central septum of the vulva decidedly different in form (see Table and

Plate).

Hab. Guatemata, Senahu (Sarg).

420 ARANEIDEA.

11. Neriene bifasciata, sp.n. (Tab. XX XIX. figg. 20, 20a, 3; 21, 21a, 6, 2.)

Type 3d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 3 3, 9 4 millim.

For the palpus of the male and vulva of the female, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

12. Neriene linguatula, sp.n. (Tab. XX XIX. fig. 22, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°75 millim.

General characters the same as in WV. lambda, the coloration being variable, but differing in the form of the

vulva (see Table and Plate).

Hab. GuaTEMALA, Coban (Sarq).

13. Neriene limbata, sp.n. (Tab. XXXIX. fig. 23, 2.)

Type, , in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

General characters similar to those of N. longispina, but with the leaf-like pattern on the abdomen not nearly

so deeply dentate behind, and there is no central dark line on the carapace. In some examples, however,

the carapace tends to be wholly suffused with dusky brown on the sides and posterior portion, while the

cephalic region remains orange. For the vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Coban (Sarg).

FLORINDA.

Florinda, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 164 (1896).

Type F. mirifica, O. P.-Cambr. Mexico.

The species on which this genus was originally based is represented in the collection

by a single example only, an adult male, of which the legs are nearly all wanting, so

that it is difficult to know where to place it amonz the Linyphiine. For the time

being, I place it next to Neriene.

1. Florinda mirifica.

Florinda mirifica, O. P.-Cambr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 164, 224, t. 21. figg. 11,

lla-h(o)?.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith).

FRONTINELLA, gen. nov.

Type F. leta (O. P.-Cambr.). Central America.

Mandibles in both sexes with a narrow, transversely and distinctly striate, longitudinal band on the outer side,

not merely cuspulate or cuspulo-striate as in Linyphia, correlated with four or five minute setigerous

cusps on the inner side of the femur of the palpus. Eyes of posterior row subequal ; centrals nearer

together than to the laterals, approximately one diameter apart. Sternum elongate, produced behind

between cox iv. Patella of the palpus in the male sex bearing one or more cusps or cusp-like processes

at the apex. Paracymbium of the palpal bulb small and inconspicuous. Colulus present.

The species here referred to this genus may be recognized by the characters given

in the Table, and Frontina calcarifera, Keys., probably belongs to it. ‘The species

known to me may be tabulated thus :—

FRONTINELLA. 49]

Males.

1. Mandibles with a small tooth on the outer anterior side towards the

base of the basal segment.

a. Patella of palpus with only one cusp-like process at its apex.

Conductor of bulb divided into two curved branches apically,

forming a long straight spur basally, its point extending backwards

almost to the anterior margin of the tibia. . . . . . . « . deta, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Patella of palpus with two cusp-like spurs at its apex. Conductor of

bulb composed of a single branch apically, not produced basally . bicuspis, sp. n.

2. Mandibles without a small tooth on the outer anterior side.

a’. Patella and tibia of palpus of the same length approximately.

a’. Bulb of palpus furnished with a broad, flat, falciform conductor

closely connected with a more slender falciform embolus; basally

the bulb has no spur. Apex of tarsal sheath with three stout

spines on the inner margin . . . . ee . falculifera, sp. no.

&°. Bulb of palpus furnished with a short canaliculate embolus ; basally

the bulb bears a short stout spur. Apex of tarsal sheath without

spines... se ew ee ee 6UnCata, Sp. Nn.

6. Patella of palpus only half the length of the tibia 2 eo ew ew we ) 6tbialis, sp. n.

Females.

1. Abdomen more conically produced behind, above the spinners.

a. Abdomen narrower and more elongate; dull olive-brown, with four

small white spots along the sides. Vulva not presenting a central

div.ding septum or black dises. Size much smaller . . . . uncata.

6b. Abdomen broader, less elongate; black-brown, with two broad, white,

longitudinal, lateral bands anteriorly and three or four transverse,

oblique, lateral bands posteriorly. Vulva with a narrow, central,

chitinous septum, having a round black disc on each side. Size

much larger. . . . . . ~ . . « . beta.

2. @ comer much less produced, conically, behind, above the spinners.

. Vulva with a broad, central, convex, tongue-like piece, without a

central anterior groove. Coloration of abdomen as in F. Jeta . . rustica, sp. n.

b'. Vulva without a definite tongue-like piece, but with a deep central

groove in the anterior half. Abdomen white dorsally, with a narrow,

central, anterior, dark line and a black spot on the apex . . . . confinis,O. P.-Cambr.

1. Frontinella leta. (Tab. XL. figg. 1, la-e, 3 ; 2,24, 2.)

Linyphia leta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 261, t. 35. figg. 10, 10 a-d (3),

1l, lla-d(?)'.

Type Q, androtype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 7:5, ¢ 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula and Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith').

422 ARANEIDEA.

2. Frontinella bicuspis, sp.n. (Tab. XL. figg. 3, 3a, 4, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

This species is smaller than F. Jeta, and resembles it in having a small tooth at the

base of the mandible; but may easily be distinguished by the possession of two short

cusp-like spines at the apex of the patella of the palpus, while the palpal organs are

much simpler (see Plate).

3. Frontinella falculifera, sp.n. (Tab. XL. figg. 4, 44, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

Easily distinguishable by the two falciform processes lying on the palpal bulb. The

patella of the palpus bears only one cusp at the apex, and there is no tooth at the base

of the mandible.

4. Frontinella uncata, sp.n. (Tab. XL. figg. 5, 5 a-c, 6; 6, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Guatemaa, Cubilguitz (Sarg) ;

Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Recognizable by the form of the embolus and conductor of the male palpus and by

that of the vulva in the female.

5. Frontinella tibialis, sp. n. (Tab. XL, figg. 7, 7 a, b, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Ilab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

The form of the processes of the bulb of the palpus, as well as the much oreater

relative length of the tibia, will enable this species to be recognized.

6. Frontinella communis.

Linyphia communis, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 28, t. 4. fig. 4 (9) '; Spid. U.S.

(ed. Burgess), p. 182, t. 15. fig. 4 (Q), t. 18. fig. 104 (¢), t. 19. fig. 118 (9), t. 21. fig. 9

(¢)*; Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 62, t. 18. figg. 2, 2 a, b, d,e( 8), 2c, 2f(2)

(1882) °; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Therid. ii. p. 78, t. 18. figg. 175, 175 a, b (2), 175¢(g)*;

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 244°.

Hab, Nortn America '~*-—Mexico, Hermosillo in Sonora (fide Banks *),

In dealing with Linyphia communis, Hentz, I here regard Emerton’s identification

of the species as correct. ‘This author’s figures show that the palpal organs resemble

FRONTINELLA.—BATHYPHANTES. 493

those of the male of /. eta, but the spur on the patella is very different in shape.

I can find no examples in the collection which one can confidently refer to this species

as identified by Emerton.

7. Frontinella rustica, sp. n. (Tab. XL. fig. 8, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

This species closely resembles /’. Jeta in general appearance. It is, however, much smaller, and not so much

produced behind, above the spinners. For the vulva, see Table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith).

8. Frontinella confinis. (Tab. XL. fig. 9, 2.)

Linyphia confinis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 306, t. 35. figg. 9,

9a-c (2).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman’& Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg 3).

LEPTHYPHANTES.

Lepthyphantes, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. p. 131 (1866).

Type L. muscicola, Menge,= ZL. minutus (Blackw.). Europe.

The spiders belonging to this genus have a stridulating-organ on the mandible

composed of a band of regular, definite, parallel strie. ‘The legs are more spinose

than in Zmeticus and the allied genera; and there is always a protarsal spine and no

cephalic fovea, as in Bathyphantes. A single species only has been recorded from

Central America, L. dubia, O. P.-Cambr., belonging to another group of the Linyphiine.

1. Lepthyphantes longispinosa.

Leptyphantes lonyispinosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 188, t. 23. figg. 8,

8af(d)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

Hab. GuateMa.a, Coban (Sarg ').

BATHYPHANTES.

Bathyphantes, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. p. 111 (1866).

Type B. longipes, Menge=B. parvula (Westr.). Europe.

The spiders belonging to this genus have no spines on the anterior protarsus, and in

the typical species they have, in both sexes, a deep fovea on the anterior lateral margin

of the carapace. ‘The mandibles are simply striate on the outer side. A single species

only occurs in the collection before me. B. tragica, Marx, is unknown to me.

424 ARANEIDEA.

1. Bathyphantes sana.

Bathyphantes sana, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 262, t.39. figg. 4, 4a-e (2).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. GuateMata, Choctum (Sarg 1).

2. Bathyphantes tragica.

Bathyphantes tragica, Marx, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 245, t. 14. fig. 17 (?)

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 2°3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Guaymas, San Miguel de Horcasitas '.

Nore.—The following species belong to genera which at present I am unable to

classify satisfactorily, and cannot do so without an exhaustive study of the whole

group. ‘The characters usually given by authors for distinguishing the Erigonine from

the Linyphiine, viz. the hairs and spines on the legs, and the possession or otherwise of

an apophysis on the tibie of the male palpus, or of a tarsal claw on the female palpus,

are not reliable, so far as I can judge from the genera and species examined. They

may, and probably will, prove to be of value when the whole classification has

been revised.

ERIGONE.

Erigone, Audouin in Savigny’s Descr. de V’Egypte, ed. 2, xxii. p. 819 (1825-27).

Type £. vagans, Aud.in Sav. Egypt.

1. Erigone dentosa.

Erigone dentosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 128, t. 16. figg. 1,

la-d()’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab, Guatema.a, Antigua (Sarg ').

2. Krigone bimaculata.

Erigone bimaculata, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer. ii. p. 221, t. 19. figg. 278, 278 a (¢)'.

Type, d, in coll. E. Simon. Total length 3-6 millim.

Hab. Panama, Isthmus of Darien (Simon !).

3. Erigone purpurea.

Erigone purpurea, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer. 1. p. 218, t. 19. figg. 275, 275 a (9)*.

Type, 9. in Mus. Brit. Total length 3 millim,

Hab. Mexico (Simon ?).

MERMESSUS.

Mermessus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 291 (1899).

Type M. dentiger, O. P.-Cambr. Guatemala.

MERMESSUS.—GRAMMONOTA. 425

1. Mermessus dentiger.

Mermessus dentiger, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 292, t. 39. figg. 5,

sa-d( 3g)".

Type, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg }).

HUBBA.

Hubba, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 231 (1897).

Type H. insignis, O. P.-Cambr. Guatemala.

1. Hubba insignis,

Hubba insignis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 231, t. 30. figg. 4,

4a-c( 3)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 1:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemaa, Senahu (Sarg ').

KULCZYNSKIELLUM.

Kulczynskiellum, ¥. P.-Cambridge, Midland Naturalist, 1895, p. 39.

Type K. fuscum (Blackw.). Europe.

1. Kulezynskiellum dubium.

Leptyphantes dubia, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 262, t. 39. figg. 8,

8a-c (?)°.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Coban (Sarg ').

This minute spider probably belongs to the group of which Kulezynskiellum fuscum

(Blackw.) is typical.

GRAMMONOTA.

Grammonota, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 38 (1882).

Type G. pictilis (O. P.-Cambr.). N. America.

1. Grammonota nigriceps.

Grammonota nigriceps, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 241, t. 14. fig. 16 (?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 2°4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic!.

Mr. Banks says: “ Possibly not of this genus.”

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., February 1903. 3 if

426 . ARANEIDEA.

ACARTAUCHENIUS.

Acartauchenius, E. Simon, Arachn. Fr. v. p. 740 (1884).

Type A. scurrillis (O. P.-Cambr.). Europe.

1. Acartauchenius insanus.

Acartauchenius insanus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 242, t. 1d. fig. 12 (g 9?) ?.

Type $, gynetype @, in coll. Calif. Acad, Sci. Total length, ¢ 2-4, 9 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas*.

TMETICUS.

Tmeticus, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. p. 184 (1868).

Type 7’. leptocaulis, Menge, =T’. affinis (Blackw.). Europe.

1. Tmeticus tridentatus.

Tmeticus tridentatus, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 53, t. 15. figg. 2, 2a (5), 20(9)';

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 242°.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Emerton.’ Total length, g Q, 2 millim.

Hab. Norra America, Connecticut !.—Mexico, Tepie ?.

2. Tmeticus incertus.

Tmeticus incertus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 242, t. 14. fig. 28 (9) %.

Type, @, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci, Total length 2-2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

3. Tmeticus denticulatus. |

Tmeticus denticulatus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 243, t. 14. fig. 29°.

Type, 9, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic’.

POCOBLETUS.

Pocobletus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. (2) i. p. 705 (1894).

Type P. coroniger, E. Simon. Venezuela,

1. Pocobletus mexicanus.

Pocobletus mexicanus, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 243, t. 14. fig. 18 (9) '.

Type, 2, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 2°8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic, Agua Caliente !.

CERATINOPSIS.

Ceratinopsis, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 86 (1882).

Type C. interpres (O. P.-Cambr.). North America,

CERATINOPSIS.—TETRAGNATHA. 42

1. Ceratinopsis pergrata.

Itys pergrata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 127, t. 16. figg. 12, 12 a-e (d)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Coban (Sarg *).

This spider belongs, so far as one can judge from Emerton’s figures, to the genus

Ceratinopsis. The examples in the collection identified as Erigone montividensis,

Keys., belong to the same species.

Subfam. TETRAGNATHIN ZA.

The spiders comprised in this subfamily are closely allied to the Metine, differing,

however, from them in the absence of a basal boss on the mandible. ‘The abdomen is

elongate, and the web much resembles that of Meta and its allies. The two genera

represented in Central America may be recognized by the following characters :—

1. Lateral eyes not in contact, not seated on a prominence. Femur ii.

of the male without a specialized spine at the apex on the outer side.

Protarsi i. and 1. of the male without spinules beneath. Femur i.

without short spines in front towards the base . . . . . . . Terrracnatna, Latr.

2. Lateral eyes in contact, seated on a prominence. Femur ii. of the

male with a conspicuous spine at the apex on the outer side, special-

ized to meet an angle on patella ii. Protarsi i. and il. of the male

with spinules beneath. Femur 1. with a row of short spines in front [Cambr.

towards the base . . . . 2... ew ee SS:SC AG RIOGNATHA, O, P.-

TETRAGNATHA.

Tetragnatha, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xxiv. p. 185 (1804).

Type 7. extensa (Linn.). Europe.

The species usually referred to this genus may be recognized in a general way by

‘their elongate bodies and in their habit of crouching on a grass-stem or in the centre

of their orb-web, with legs stretched out straight. From the spiders belonging to the

group of which Meta is typical they may be known by the absence of the basal boss

on the outer side of the mandible at its base, as well as by the more numerous teeth

on the mandible. They differ from Agriognatha (=Cyrtognatha, Keyserl.) by the

separation of the lateral eyes. In the male sex there are other important aifferences ;

see under Agriognatha, infra.

| Males.

A. Mandibles with one very long conspicuous tooth, on the upper

margin of the fang-groove, at about the apical third or fourth

(a in figures).

428 ARANEIDEA.

honed

* Legs armed with stout spines, as well as fine hairs.

a. The conductor of the embolus of palpus not geniculate at or

towards the apex, nor dilate at the apex itself, simple,

subaculeate . . re eee

b. The conductor of the embolus of palpus geniculate towards

the apical third, or at the apex itself; dilated to form a

more or less spoon-like cavity.

a’. Lateral eyes adjacent, their black circumferences being

in contact. The conductor of the embolus exhibiting at

its base two inconspicuous spiraloid lobes (see 4 in

figures).

a’. Apex of cymbium of palpus vermiform, strongly curved,

and attenuate. Conductor of the embolus geniculate

from the apical third. Fang of mandible with a

more or less distinct cusp on the dorsal side towards

its base ow ee we ee se ew

b?, Apex of cymbium of palpus rounded, not attenuate,

and vermiform. Conductor of the embolus geniculate

at the apex only. Fang of mandible without a dorsal

basal cusp ~ 2 ee oe ee we we ee

b'. Lateral eyes widely separate; the black circumferences

themselves at least one diameter of the posterior lateral

eye-tubercle apart. The conductor of the embolus

exhibiting at its base a single conspicuous spiraloid lobe

(see 5 in figure) a

** Legs not armed with spines, but clothed with fine hairs only .

B. Mandibles not exhibiting one very long conspicuous tooth on

the upper margin at the apical third or fourth.

a*, Fang of mandible with a small, but distinct, cusp on the

inner margin beneath, towards its base.

a’. Embolus of palpus straight to its apex; the conductor

forming at its base a concave spiraloid channel. The

tuba, or basal part of the embolus, making a much wider

loop over the bulb behind Loe ee

6°. Embolus of palpus sinuous to its apex; the conductor open

to its base, not forming a spiraloid channel. The tuba

making a much narrower loop over the bulb behind

6*, Fang of mandible without cusp on the inner margin beneath

towards its base.

+ Tibia of palpus not less than one-half the length of the tarsus.

a‘, Apex of basal segment of mandible above with two large

curved teeth, directed forwards and downwards, situated

close to the dorsal spur. Apex of cymbium of palpus

distinctly bifid .

tropica, O. P.-Cambr.

guatemalensis, O. P.-Cambr.

dentigera, sp. 0.

alba, sp. un.

tenuissima, O. P.-Cambr.

tenuis, O. P.-Cambr.

cognata, O. P.-Cambr.

antillana, Simon.

TETRAGNATHA. 429

6‘. Apex of basal segment of mandible above with a single

tooth, or two small teeth only, close to the dorsal spur.

Apex of cymbium of palpus not bifid.

1. Conductor of palpus geniculate at the apex. The

spines on tibie i. and ii., at most, twice as long as the

diameter of the segment.

a’, Conductor forming at its apex a concave spoon, with

a narrow sinuous neck, and aculeate at the point ;

its base forming two ill-defined spiraloid lobes.

Apex of basal segment of mandible with two teeth

near the dorsal spur. . Loe . . « bidens, sp. n.

b*. Conductor not forming a hollow spoon, but simply

abruptly curved at its apex; its base forming four

distinct spiraloid lobes, like the threads of a screw.

Apex of basal segment of mandible with a single

tooth only near the dorsal spur . . . . . . . mexicana, Keys.

2. Conductor of palpus not geniculate at its apex. The

spines on tibie i. and ii. from three to five times the

diameter of the segment.

a’. Tibia of palpus equal in length to the tarsus. Apical

portion of the tarsus scarcely longer than the basal

portion, measuring from the base of the tarsus to

the anterior margin of the bulb. . . . . gracilis, O. P.~Cambr.

b°. Tibia of palpus one-half the length of the tarsus.

Apical portion of the tarsus at least twice the length

of the basal portion, measured as above . . . pallida, O. P.-Cambr.

++ Tibia of palpus not more than one-fifth the length of the

tarsus. ww eee eee ee ee eee.) digitata, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Abdomen more or less distinctly gibbous above anteriorly,

viewed in profile.

i. Fang of mandible with a more or less well-developed spur on

the dorsal side towards the base.

a. Apex of basal segment of mandible beneath bearing a large

tooth and a smaller adjacent tooth, the latter situated

between the former and the base of the fang. Upper

margin of fang-groove with two teeth at the apex and a

remote series of ten small teeth . . . . . tropica.

b. Apex of basal segment of mandible beneath ‘without ‘the

smaller tooth. Upper margin of fang-groove with a single

long tooth at the apex and a remote series of six smaller

teeth. 2. ee ee ee ee ee ww we gueatemalensis.

430 ARANEILDEA.

ii. Fang of mandible withouta spur on the dorsal side towards the base.

a’. Apex of basal segment of mandible with a long stout spur

on the underside, directed straight forwards . . . . . antillana.

b*. Apex of basal segment of mandible without spur on the

underside.

a’, Lower margin of fang-groove with seven teeth, the first

further (more than its own length distant) from the

second than the second is from the third . . . . . cognata.

6°, Lower margin of fang-groove with six teeth, the first a

little further (less than its own length distant) from the

second than the latter is from the third. . . . . . digitata.

B. Abdomen sometimes a little enlarged, but not gibbous above,

viewed in profile ; elongate, parallel-sided.

1. Legs clothed with fine hairs only, without spines. Fang of

mandible with a conspicuous curved cusp on the dorsal

margin towards the base . . . . 1. . 1. 1 we ee) otenuissima.

2. Legs bearing spines, as well as fine hairs. Fang of mandible

without cusp, or with a very minute one (g in figures), on

the dorsal basal margin.

* The spines towards the base of tibie i. and ii. not more

than twice the diameter of the segment.

a°*. Abdomen not more than three to four times longer than

broad. Fang of mandible with a minute cusp on the

dorsal basal margin . . . . toe. - . . alba,

. Abdomen at least six times longer than broad. “Pang of

mandible without cusp.

a’. Lateral eye-tubercles almost in contact. Upper

margin of fang-groove with 6 teeth . . . . . . tenuis.

6°. Lateral eye-tubercles separated by one-half a diameter

of the posterior tubercle. Upper margin of fang-

groove with 5 teeth . . . . . . . mexicana,

** The spines towards the base of tibia i. and j il. three to five

times the diameter of the segment.

a’, Basal segment of mandible with 7—7 teeth on upper and

lower margin of fang-groove respectively. Spines at

base of tibiz i. and ii. shorter, three times the width of

the segment. . . . . pallida.

. Basal segment of mandible with 10—10 ‘teeth on upper

and lower margin of the fang-groove respectively.

Spines at base of tibize i. and ii. longer, five times the

width of the segment. . . . - 2 + . gracilis.

Notz.—The following species are unknown to me:—T7. mandabulata, Walck., T. banksi, F. P.-C. (nom. nov.)

T. orizaba, Banks, and T. pallescens, F. P.-C (nom. nov.),

and their characters cannot therefore be given in

the Table.

TETRAGNATHA. 43]

1. Tetragnatha tropica. (Tab. XL. figg. 10, 10@-d, ¢; 11, lla, °.)

Tetragnatha tropica, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 1], t. 2. figg. 3,

3a,b(¢)'.

Type 2, deuterotype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, @ 12:5, ¢ 7 millim.

Black eye-tubercles of the lateral eyes usually in contact, sometimes united only by a fine black line, rarely quite

separate. Legs rather densely clothed with fine, erect, and some oblique, hairs, as well as with numerous

spines, those on tibi i, and ii. being about three times the diameter of the segment. The mandibles of the

male present the “ long tooth” on the upper margin of the fang-groove, and two adjacent teeth, a large

and a small, at the apex beneath.

Q. Abdomen distinctly gibbous above anteriorly ; fang armed with a short curved cusp at its base, on the

dorsal side; the base of the mandible armed beneath with two teeth at the apex, and a series of ten

teeth ; above with one large and one small tooth at the apex, and ten small teeth, the first of these being

at least four times its own length from the apical teeth.

Hab. Muxico, Atlixco (Godman), Orizaba, Tepetlapa, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith) ;

GuatemaLa, Menché (Sarg ').

2. Tetragnatha guatemalensis. (Tab. XL. figg. 12, 12 a-f, g; 18, 2.)

55°

Tetragnatha guatemalensis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 8, t. 2. figg. 6,

6 a-d (Sd), 7, 7a, b (¢)*.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7-9, 2 8-11'5 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles in contact. Legs clothed with fine, erect, and oblique hairs, as well as spines. Fang of

mandible with a more or less conspicuous, dorsal, basal, marginal cusp; basal segment of mandible with

the “large tooth” conspicuous ; a single small tooth beneath the “dorsal spur” near the apex, and

another longer one still lower down, with a series of six or seven small teeth posteriorly ; the lower

margin exhibits a small group of three teeth at the apex, the central one the longest, and a series of

five teeth posteriorly. The tibia of the palpus is one-fourth longer than the patella; the cymbium

attenuate and curved at its apex, vermiform; the conductor strongly geniculate in the apical third,

folded over on the inner murgin and spoon-like at the apex; the embolus shorter, not reaching the apex

of the conductor.

9. Abdomen distinctly gibbous anteriorly ; the fang of the mandible having a dorsal, basal, marginal cusp ;

the upper margin of the fang-groove with one long tooth towards the apex and a remote series of six fine

subequidistant teeth; the lower margin with a small tooth at the apex and a remote series of seven or

eight small subequidistant teeth, the first pair sometimes coalescent.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (Z7. H. Smith); Guatemata, Cahabon, Coban (Sarg,

Champion *).

3. Tetragnatha dentigera, sp. n. (Tab. XL. figg. 14, 14a-d, 2.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim.

Lateral eye-tnbercles in contact. Legs clothed with spines and fine hairs. The upper margin of the fang-

groove of the mandible exhibits the “large tooth,” two smaller teeth on the apical side of it, that nearest

to the large one being very broad and conspicuous, and six small teeth on the basal side; the lower margin

bears two teeth anteriorly at the apex, and eight very minute teeth posteriorly. The conductor of the

palpus is dilate at the apex (see figures) ; the tibia of the palpus twice as long as the patella; the cymbium

neither bifid nor vermiform.

llab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

432 ARANEIDEA.

4. Tetragnatha alba, sp.n. (Tab. XL. figg. 15, 15 a-d, 3.)

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 5 7, 2 10 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles well separate, one diameter of the posterior lateral eye-tubercle apart. The legs are

moderately densely clothed with fine, erect, and oblique hairs and comparatively short spines. In the

male the mandible exhibits the “large tooth” on the upper margin of the fang-groove, with anteriorly one

small adjacent tooth and a smaller one at the apex, and posteriorly five smaller teeth ; on the lower margin

are eight small teeth. The conductor of the palpus is geniculate and slightly spoon-like at the apex ;

the tibia and patella equal in length ; the cymbium not bifid at its apex.

9. Abdomen slightly larger anteriorly, but not gibbous above; fang of the mandible bearing a minute cusp

at its base on the dorsal side. Body and legs yellow, the latter not annulated; the abdomen dorsally

covered with silver-white spangles, ventrally dark brown, with two longitudinal, parallel, white lines, the

intermediate space between them being black. The upper margin of the fang-groove with a single larger

and broader tooth at the apex, followed by a more remote group of five smaller equidistant teeth ; the lower

margin bearing a small tooth at the apex, with a more remote group of four or five smaller equidistant teeth.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Cuernavaca, Amula, Omilteme (ZH. H. Smith) ; GUATEMALA,

Cubilguitz, Coban, Chilasco (Sarg); Costa Rica (Sarg, Tristan, Rogers); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion).

This species is closely allied to 7. straminea, Emerton.

5. Tetragnatha tenuissima. (Tab. XL. figg. 16, 16 a-c, ¢; 17, 17 a-c, 2.)

Tetragnatha tenuissima, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 9, t. 3. figg. 1, 1 a—d

(3), 2, 2a, 6 ( 2)".

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 85, 9 11:5 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles in contact. Legs clothed with fine oblique hairs only; no spines. Fang of mandible

in the male without cusp on the dorsal basal margin, very long, sinuous, and indented in the middle.

Upper margin of the fang-groove with the “large tooth” very conspicuous and long; two large curved

teeth close to the apex, and two minute cusps in front of and beneath the “ dorsal spur,” and a series of

four equidistant small teeth posteriorly ; the lower margin bears nine or ten teeth, the first being the

largest and situated at the apex of the segment. The tibia of the palpus is shorter than the patella;

the conductor concave, somewhat spiraloid, and finely attenuate at its apex, the embolus being straight

and filiform at the tip; the cymbium not bifid at the apex.

Q. Abdomen scarcely enlarged anteriorly, and not gibbous, covered with silvery-yellow spangles dorsally and

laterally, dull yellow throughout the ventral area; otherwise the body and legs are yellow or yellow-

brown. Mandible very large and divergent; the fang long, sinuous, with a conspicuous cusp on the

dorsal basal margin (less distinct in immature specimens), deeply indented at the middle inner

margin ; the fang-groove bearing on the upper margin two more adjacent teeth towards the apex, the

second being the longest, and a remote series of fine, long, adjacent, equidistant teeth posteriorly ; on the

lower margin are eight or nine teeth. ,

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith) ; Guatemata, Coban, Tamahu (Sarg) ;

Costa Rica (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion !).

6. Tetragnatha tenuis, (Tab. XLI. fige. 1, 1a-c, 3; 2, 2.)

Tetragnatha tenuis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 8, t. 1. figg. 12,12 a,5(?)

18, 13a-d(¢)’. oo. ,

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 8, 2 9 millim.

Lateral. eye-tubercles in contact or nearly so. Legs clothed with fine hairs and spines. The fang of the

mandible in the male has a small cusp on the inner margin near the base. The *“ large tooth” is not

TETRAGNATHA., 433

present, but there is a series of seven teeth graduated in size, the first being much the longest, on the

upper margin of the fang-groove, with five small teeth on the lower margin. The tibia of the palpus is

one-fourth longer than the patella, the conductor not dilate at its apex, and the embolus straight, except

at its base, where it forms a wide loop; the cymbium is not bifid at its apex.

2. Abdomen long, of uniform width, not gibbous anteriorly. The mandible with 6—6 small teeth on each

margin of the fang-groove; the fang itself not bearing a dorsal cusp towards its base. The body dull

yellow-white, the dorsal and lateral areas of the abdomen spangled with silver-white; ventrally the

abdomen is dull white-brown throughout its length.

Hab. Guatemata, Cahabon (Sarg1); Panama, Bugaba (Champion !).

7. Tetragnatha cognata. (Tab. XLI. figg. 3, 3a-c, ¢; 4, 2.)

Tetragnatha cognata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 7, t. 2. figg. 10, 10 a—d

(fo), ll, lla,b(¢)’.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 45, Q 9 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles in contact. Legs clothed with fine hairs and short spines. The fang of the mandible in

the male has a small cusp on the inner margin near the base. The “‘large tooth” is not present, but

there is a series of six teeth on the upper margin of the fang-groove, the second in the series being the

largest ; the lower margin bears a series of six irregular teeth. The tibia of the palpus is only slightly

longer than the patella; the conductor is broad throughout, not dilate apically, the embolus sinuous,

forming a small loop basally ; the cymbium is not bifid at its apex.

9. Abdomen distinctly gibbous anteriorly; the upper and lower margins of the fang-groove bearing 7—7

teeth respectively ; the fang without a dorsal, basal, marginal cusp.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg 1).

8. Tetragnatha antillana. (Tab. XLI. figg. 5, 5a-c, g; 6, 64, 2.)

Tetragnatha antillana, Simon, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 868°.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, g 12, 9 15 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles usually united by a fine black line; the eyes themselves one and a half diameters of a

lateral posterior eye apart. Legs clothed with fine, erect, and oblique hairs and short spines. The

mandible of the male has no “ large tooth,” but two long curved teeth at the apex form with the “ dorsal

spur” a conspicuous group of three rather hook-like teeth ; besides these the upper margin of the fang-

groove bears a very small tooth near the large pair, and a more remote group of seven small teeth; the

lower margin bears a series of nine small teeth. The fang itself bears no basal cusp dorsally or beneath,

but there is a sharp angle on the inner margin just opposite the third tooth of the upper margin. The

conductor of the palpus is not geniculate, nor markedly dilate, the embolus being sinuous; the cymbium

(the larger detached portion of the tarsal sheath) is distinctly bifid at its apex. The tibia of the palpus

is twice as long as the patella.

9. Abdomen gibbous anteriorly ; ; the mandible differs from that of all other species of the genus at present

recorded by the stout sinuous spur at the apex beneath ; a small tooth lies adjacent to ‘it, and there is a

more remote series of eleven small teeth; the upper margin shows a long slender tooth at the apex, :

a smaller adjacent tooth, and a more remote series of ten very small teeth.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa, Atoyac (7. H. Smith), Misantla (Godman); GUATEMALA; Costa

Rica (Sarg).— ANTILLES, St. Vincent ?.

(Sy)

£4

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., February 1903.

454 ARANEIDEA.

9. Tetragnatha bidens, sp.n. (Tab. XLI. figg. 7, 7 a-¢, 3.)

Type, d, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles well separate, nearly twice the diameter of the posterior eye-tubercle apart. Legs

clothed with both spines and fine, erect, oblique hairs. Fang of mandible without cusps ; upper margin

of basal segment with two small teeth near the apex and a remote group of six small teeth; the “ large

tooth” is absent; the lower margin bears at the apex two conspicuous teeth, the second by far the largest,

and a series of five small teeth. The tibia of the palpus is about one-fourth longer than the patella ;

the conductor is geniculate and spoon-like at its apex; the cymbium is not bifid at the apex.

Hab. Muzxico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

10. Tetragnatha mexicana. (Tab. XLI. figg. 8, 8a-d, ¢; 9, 2.)

Tetragnatha mexicana, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Xv. p. 854, t. 21. fig. 18 (¢) (1865) '.

Tetragnatha longa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 9, t. 2. figg. 4, 4 a-d (¢),

5,5a,56(¢@)’.

Type, @, in Mus. Brit; deuterotype, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 10°3, ¢ 9 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles separated by one-half a diameter of the posterior tubercle, the eyes themselves by one

and a quarter diameters of a posterior-lateral eye. Legs clothed with fine hairs and spines. Fang of

mandible without cusps; basal segment with a single short broad tooth on the upper margin near the

apex, and a remote group of six fine teeth besides, the “ large tooth”? being absent; the lower margin

bears four equidistant teeth, the first at the apical angle. The tibia of the palpus is about one-fourth

longer than the patella; the conductor presents basally four thin spiraloid lobes, and is slightly

geniculate at the apex, but not dilated; the cymbium is not bifid at its apex.

2. Abdomen very long, and uniform in width throughout, with a broad, yellowish, central, longitudinal, dorsal

band, with a narrow silver line in the centre and a row of dark spots on each margin; this band is

flanked by a broad band of silver spangles, the ventral area being dark brown, black down the centre,

more or less spangled with silver-yellow on the sides. The fang is without cusps, the upper margin of

the basal segment of the mandible bearing five teeth, the third being the largest, the lower margin with

one tooth at the apex, and a remote group of five closely situated teeth.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Sallé!), Teapa in Tabasco, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guats-

MALA (Sarg ”).

The type (?) of Z. mexicana (probably not fully developed) is now before me, and

it is identical with that of 7. longa, and with other examples in the collection.

11. Tetragnatha gracilis, (Tab. XLI. figg. 10, 10a, 0, ¢; 11, 2.)

Eugnatha gracilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. 1. p. 11, t. 2. figg.1, la-d( $),

2,2a,b(¢)’.

Type 3d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, 9 11:5 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles well separate, two diameters of the posterior tubercle apart. Legs clothed with fine,

erect, and oblique hairs, and with very long slender spines. The fang of the mandible is without cusps ;

the upper margin of the fang-groove of the male bears eight long slender teeth, the lower margin also

bears a similar number, the apical tooth being the largest; the “long touth” is absent. The tibia of the

palpus is from two to three times longer than the patella; the conductor is long, narrow, and attenuate

towards the apex, not geniculate nor dilate; the embolus is slightly curved at its apex.

g. Abdomen very long, slightly enlarged anteriorly, but not gibbous; the body and legs entirely pale yellow

the abdomen, dorsally and laterally, densely covered with silvery-yellow spangles, the ventral area being

dull yellow throughout its length. The fang of the mandible is without cusps, the upper and lower

TETRAGNATHA. 435

margin of the fang-groove each bearing ten subequal teeth; the latter has no tooth at the extreme apex

of the segment.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (ZZ. H. Smith) ; GuaTEMALA, Cubilguitz [ ¢ |, San

Juan Chamelco [ ¢ } (Sarg 1).

12. Tetragnatha pallida. (Tab. XLI. figg. 12, 12a, b, g; 13, 2.)

Tetragnatha pallida, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 10, t. 2. figg. 8,

8a-d(3),9,9a,6(¢@)’.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7°5, 2 10-5 millim.

Lateral eyes well separate, one diameter of the posterior eye-tubercle apart. Legs clothed with long spines

and fine hairs, the former not so long in proportion as in 7’. gracilis, but longer than in the other species

of the genus. The fang of the mandible bears no cusps; the upper margin of the fang-groove bears six

teeth, the first being very long, but the “long tooth” proper is absent; the lower margin bears seven

teeth. The tibia of the palpus is one-fourth longer than the patella; the basal portion of the tarsus is

very short, less than one-half the apical portion, the bulb being globular; the conductor is very long,

narrow, not geniculate nor dilate at its apex, and the embolus is straight or slightly sinuous throughout.

The body and legs in both sexes are yellow.

@. Abdomen slightly enlarged anteriorly, but not gibbous above, dorsally and laterally covered with silver-

yellow spangles, the ventral area being dull yellow throughout its length. The dentition of the mandible

consists of seven teeth on both margins of the fang-groove, the fang itself being without cusps.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

13. Tetragnatha digitata. (Tab. XLI. figg. 14, 14a, 3, 3.)

Tetragnatha digitata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 299, t. 86. figg. 11,

lla-f(¢), 12, 124 (¢)’.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 5°75, 2 7 millim.

Lateral eye-tubercles in contact. Legs clothed with fine hairs and a few short fine spines. The fang has no

cusps; the upper margin of the fang-groove hears six teeth, the first being the largest, and forming

a subsimilar and parallel tooth with the normal dorsal spur, which is short and situated on the extreme

external apical angle; the lower margin bears five short teeth. The tibia and patella of the palpus are

subequal in length; the bulb is globular and comparatively large, the conductor long and narrow, not

geniculate nor dilate at the apex, while the embolus is straight throughout, very fine and abruptly curved

into a small hook at the apex ; the cymbium has two angular prominences at its apex.

Q. Abdomen gibbous anteriorly ; the fang without dorsal basal cusp; upper margin of fang-groove with six

teeth, the first two less than the length of the first apart; lower margin with five teeth, closely situated

at their base. The spines on the legs are few, but distinct.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica (Sarg !).

14. Tetragnatha mandibulata. |

Tetragnatha mandibulata, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 211 (?)*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i.

p. 246 (2) °.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic ?—Istanp or Guam.

15. Tetragnatha banksi, nom. n.

_ Tetragnatha intermedia, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 247, t. 15. fig. 14 (g)’.

Type; ¢, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 8°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic}.

436 ARANEIDEA.

The name intermedia is preoccupied in this genus by Kulezynski [ Aran. Hungar. 1.

p. 145 (1891)], and a new one is here proposed in its stead.

16. Tetragnatha orizaba.

Eugnatha orizaba, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 248, t. 15. fig. 16 (3).

Type, ¢, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Banks 1).

17. Tetragnatha pallescens, nom. n.

Tetragnatha pallida, Banks, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1892, p. 51, t. 5. figg. 88, 88a' (nomen preocc.).

Eugnatha pallida, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) 1. p. 248 *.

Type, gd, in coll. Acad. Phil. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Norru America, Cayuga Lake 1—Mexico, Tepic ?.

AGRIOGNATHA.

Cyrtognatha, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 276 (1881) (nomen preocc.).

Agriognatha, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 212 (1896).

Type of Cyrtognatha, C. nigrovittata, Keys., Peru, in coll. Univ. Warsaw ; that of Agriognatha, A. bella,

O. P.-Cambr., Costa Rica.

The species here referred to this genus differ from Te¢ragnatha in having the lateral

eyes in contact. In the males the apex of femur ii. has on the outer side a single

stout spine, which is opposed by a sharp angular prominence on the patella, evidently

used for holding the female, and femur i. (besides numerous other spines) is set with

a row of from 4—9 spines in front. The mandibles resemble those of Pachygnatha,

and have no basal boss on the outer side. The inner side of the protarsi i. and ii. is

set with a single series of spiniform setz, while in the male there is also a series of

short spines beneath. ,

I have not seen the type of the genus Cyrtognatha, Keyserl., but there is no

reasonable doubt that Simon is correct in his identification of the characters, and his

C. serrata, from St. Vincent, which is now before me, is congeneric with Agriognatha

bella, O. P.-Cambr.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows :-—

Males.

a. Embolus and sheath of palpal bulb strongly geniculate, the apex

directed backwards. Bulb with a stout sharp spur on the

outer side beneath, where the conductor and embolus spring . pachygnathoides, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Embolus and sheath of palpal bulb merely sinuous, more

slender. Bulb without spur on the outer side . . . . . bellu, O. P.-Cambr.

Norse.—The female only of A. lepida has come to hand.

AGRIOGNATHA, 437

1. Agriognatha pachygnathoides.

Tetragnatha pachygnathoides, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 144, t. 18.

figg. 4, 4a-e(3)*.

Agriognatha pachygnathoides, O.-P. Cambr. loc. cit. p. 213.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5-75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion).

2. Agriognatha bella.

Agriognatha bella, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.~Amer., Arach. Aran. i. p. 213, t.28. figg. 7, 7a-f(¢)}.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°75 millim,

Hab. Costa Rica (Rogers).

8. Agriognatha lepida.

Argyroepeira lepida, O. P.-Cambr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 7, t. 1. figg. 8, 8a, 0 (2)

(1889) * [nec Argyroepeira lepida, Keyserl. Verh, z00l.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 273 (1881) ;

Spinn. Amer., Epeiridz, p. 327, t. 17. figg. 242, 242 a-d (2) (1892)].

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11-25 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

I am not quite satisfied as to the generic position of this species; it may possibly

belong to Prionolema, Simon.

Subfam. MEITN A.

The spiders included in this subfamily comprise those usually known under the

genera Argyroepeira, Meta, and Azilia. The name Argyroepeira becomes a synonym

under Leucauge (cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 16]. The Metine differ from

the Tetragnathine in having a rudimentary rounded boss at the base of the mandible

on the outer side. ‘The vulva in the female is not simple as in Tetragnatha, but more

or less developed externally.

The web is of the usual orb type, and, like that of Tetragnatha, has an open space

in the centre. The genera, several of which are treated as new, may be recognized by

the characters given below :—

GENERA.

A. Femur iv. with a double row of tubercles in front, one-half to two-

thirds from the base, bearing long, fine, curved ciliz.

1. Tibie and protarsi i. and ii., in both sexes, studded with rows of

triangular thorn-like cuspules soe eee - . . . . . PLESIOMETA, gen. nov.

2. Tibiz and protarsi i. and i. not studded with cuspules.

a. Posterior coxe closely situate, one-third of their diameter apart . Lxeucauer, White.

b. Posterior coxze more widely separate, one full diameter apart . . Muecynomera, Simon.

438 ARANEIDEA.

B. Femur iv. without ciliated tubercles.

aa. Tibiz i. and ii. without a series of spiniform bristles.

a’. Femur i. at least three times as long as the carapace. Sternum

produced between coxe iv. as far as the posterior side of the

segment . 2 1 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee METARGYRA, gen. nov.

b'. Femur i. not more than two-thirds longer than the carapace.

Sternum not produced beyond the anterior side of the segment.

a’. Legs clothed with short, fine, erect, silky hairs . . . . . PsupoMETa, gen. nov.

b*. Legs not clothed with fine, erect, silky hairs.

a’. Eyes smaller; posterior row almost straight. . . . . . Meta, C. L. Koch.

b°. Eyes larger ; posterior row strongly recurved . . . . . Aziia, Keyserl.

bb. Tibize i. and ii. with a series of spiniform bristles on each side . . Do.icnHoGNnatHa,

[O. P.-Cambr.

PLESIOMETA, gen. nov.

Type P. argyra (Walck.). Antilles, Guadeloupe.

The single species referred to this genus differs from the type of Leucauge in

possessing, in both sexes, numerous small cusps beneath the tibie and protarsi of the

first two pairs of legs. The posterior femora exhibit the rows of cilie which are

characteristic of the group.

1. Plesiometa argyra. (Tab. XLI. figg. 15,15 a-c, ¢; 16, 16a, 2.)

Tetragnatha argyra, Walck. Ins. Apt. 1. p. 219, t. 19. fig. 1 (2).

Meta argyra, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxx. p. 563 (1880) °*.

Argyroepeira argyra, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 3438, t. 18. figg. 253, 253 a-c (2?)

253 d(¢)°; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 243, t. 24. figg. 2, 2 a-c (2), 38,3a,6(¢)*; Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) 1. p. 257°; Simon, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 870°.

Linyphia ornata, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. x. p. 66 (1878) *.

Hab. Nort America, California*—Mexico*, Tepetlapa, Orizaba, Atoyac, Teapa

(H. H. Smith), Minatitlan, Tepic (fide Banks*®); Guatemaua (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion).—V ENEZUELA ; Guiana’, Cayenne *, Uassa®; Lowrr Amazons (£7. 0. P.-C.) ;

ANTILLES ®, Guadeloupe}, St. Vincent °.

LEUCAUGE.

Leucauge, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 473 (1841).

Argyrvepeira, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 328 (1884).

Opas, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 184 (1896).

Type of Leucauge, L. argyrobapta, White, = L. formosa (Blackw.), Rio Janeiro; that of Argyroepeira,

L. hortorum (Hentz), N. America ; that of Opas, O. lugens, O. P.-Cambr., Central America.

_ It is not possible to settle the identity of L. argyrobapta with absolute certainty, but

there is a strong probability that it is the Tetragnatha formosa of Blackwall, a fine

LEUCAUGE. 439

species common in the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro. The examples of this latter,

from the Keyserling collection, now before me, are closely allied to Argyroepeira

hortorum, but specifically distinct therefrom. They do not possess the cusps beneath

the tibis and protarsi i. and ii. which are noticeable in A. argyra (Walck.).

For the present I accept McCook’s identification of ZL. venusta, Walck., which he

regards as equivalent to LZ. hortorum, Hentz. Emerton’s identification of this latter

species must also be accepted as correct ; and, since there can be no reasonable doubt

that the two species figured by McCook and Emerton are identical, the name venusta

has precedence over hortorum.

The species known to me from Central America may be recognized by the following

characters :—

Males.

A. Tibia of the palpus as long as or longer than the tarsus.

a. Mandible, seen in profile, more or less deeply indented close to

the apex.

1. Mandible very deeply indented at its apex. Conductor (c) of

bulb bearing a short sinuous process at the apex . . . . mandibulata, sp. nu.

2. Mandible much less deeply indented at the apex. Conductor (c)

of bulb without a process at the apex . . . . . . . . Jlongipes, sp. n.

5. Mandible, seen in profile, not indented near the apex, evenly

convex.

a’, Mandible with a cluster of black curved bristles in front

towards the apex. Conductor and embolus of palpal bulb

simply sinuous, not enlarged . . . . 2. . . venusta, Walck.

b'. Mandible without a cluster of bristles in front towards the

apex. Conductor and embolus enlarged and membranous at

their apex (see figure) . . . . . . . . . « . . . aurostriata, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Tibia of palpus much shorter (one-half or one-quarter) than the

tarsus.

a’. Tibia of palpus twice the length of the patella. Mandible

attenuate towards the apex, with numerous long stout bristles

on the inner anterior side, and a series of curved bristles,

besides hairs, on the outer side . . . . - . . . setigera, sp. 0.

_ &. Tibia of palpus scarcely longer than the patella, Mandible

simply convex to the apex, not attenuate; without stout

bristles in front or curving hairs on the outer side, a few short

fine hairs only present. . 2. 2. 1. 2. ew ee eee meerens, O. P.-Cambr.

Females.

A. Abdomen striped longitudinally.

a. Abdomen presenting a central clear stripe with two median diver-

ticula on each side and also two longitudinal lateral stripes.

440 ARANEIDEA.

a'. The two lateral stripes not clear, but filled up with golden

scales . . .- < Ls . aurostriata.

6’. The two lateral stripes clea, not filled up with metallic

pigment.

a?. Vulval orifice limited anteriorly by a transverse semicircular

chitinous margin. Abdomen less prominent behind.

a. The anterior margin of the vulval cavity without a pro-

minent angle in the centre.

1. The central tongue of the vulva broader anteriorly.

a‘. The central tongue of the vulva four times broader

anteriorly than at the posterior margin venusta.

f argentea, Keyserl.

b*. The central tongue only slightly broader anteriorly . mandibulata.

2. The central tongue of the vulva much narrower ante-

riorly, exhibiting posteriorly a transverse hammer-

head plate. . . . oe ee ew we ee fragilis, O. P.-Cambr.

. The anterior margin of the vulval cavity with a promi-

nent angle in the centre. . . . to. ew wee tdonea, O. P.-Cambr.

b?. Vulval orifice not limited anteriorly by a semicircular

transverse margin. Abdomen very prominent behind . . acuminata, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Abdomen without lateral stripes or bands . . . . . simplex, sp. n.

B. Abdomen not striped longitudinally, simply variegated with blotches

and slashes, or sometimes almost unicolorous.

a’. Abdomen produced behind above the spinners into a very con-

spicuous, long, rounded tubercle . . .. . Lo lugens, O. P.-Cambr.

b°. Abdomen not produced behind to form a definite tubercle.

a’. Carapace yellow. Abdomen richly variegated with orange,

silver, and black. Vulva larger, central tongue straight

along its posteriormargin . . . . MOrens.

°, Carapace black. Abdomen almost entirely black, with dull

white spots and blotches. Vulva smaller, central tongue

produced in the centre of the posterior margin . . . . . mesomelas, O. P.-Cambr.

Nors.—The females of species belonging to this genus ate very difficult to separate, and the characters given

above must not be taken too literally. The type of L. curta (O. P.-Cambr.) is not fully mature, and the

specimen being much worn and the legs absent, the species cannot be included in the Table. I cannot at

present distinguish L. argentea (Keyserl.) from L. venusta (Walck.), and more males of the former from

Colombia are required before one can decide. LZ. maura (Banks) is unknown to me.

1. Leucauge mandibulata, sp.n. (Tab. XLI. figg. 17, 17 a-c, ¢; 18, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 9 10 millim.

Hab. Muxtico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

This fine species closely resembles other large members of the group, but may be

distinguished by the characters given in the Table. The coloration of different

examples varies so much that it is useless to describe it minutely.

LEUCAUGE. 44]

2. Leucauge longipes, sp.n. (Tab. XLI. figg. 19, 194, 3, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

Very similar to the preceding, but with the legs longer and more densely clothed

with fine, curved, silky cilie. For more reliable characters, see the Table and Plate.

3. Leucauge venusta. (Tab. XLII. tigg. 1, la-c, ¢; 2, 2.)

Epeira venusta, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 90'; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, no. 113’.

Argyroepeira venusta, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 242, t. 20. figg. 1, 1 a-c, 2, 3, 5, 6 (2),

4, 4a (3) (1893) *.

Epeira hortorum, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p-477°; Spid. U.S. p. 18, t. 18. fig. 19(2)*.

Argyroepeira hortorum, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 382, t. 37. figg. 30-32 (¢ 2)°.

Tetragnatha quinguelineata, Keyserl. Sitz.-ber. naturw. Ges. Isis, Dresden, p. 145, t. 7. figg. 83-6

(1863) 7,

Argyroepeira aurulenta, Simon, P. Z. S. 1897, p. 871°.

Hab. Norra America®, Georgia!2, Baltimore ?.—Mexico 8, Misantla (Godman),

Orizaba, Omilteme, Dolores, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua (Sarg); Costa Rica,

San José (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion). — Cotompia?; ANTILLES, St.

Vincent 8,

4, Leucauge aurostriata. (Tab. XLII. figg. 8, 3a, ¢; 4, 2.)

Argyroepeira aurostriata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 230, t. 29. figg. 2,

2a-d(3), 3, 3a-d (?)'.

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g¢ 4:5, @ 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

5. Leucauge setigera, sp. n. (Tab. XLII. fige. 5, 5 a,b, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

This small species may be recognized by the characters given in the Table and on

the Plate.

6. Leucauge merens. (Tab. XLII figg. 6, 60,4, 6; 7, 2.)

Opas merens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 185, 229, t. 23. figg. 6,

6a-e(¢)’.

Argyroepeira pulcherrima, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 230 (¢)? [nec A. pulcherima (sic), Keyserl.

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 325, t. 16. figg. 289, 240, 240 4, ¢ (¢)].

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3, ? 4 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith!?); Guatemaua (Sarg 2); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., April 1903. 3 Lf

442 ARANEIDEA.

The embolus in the palpus of the male of this species takes an abrupt bend across

the apex of the conductor. For other characters, see Table and Plate. A. pulcherrima,

Keyserl., from Colombia, the type of which is before me, is a much larger species,

and I think quite distinct.

7. Leucauge fragilis. (Tab. XLII. fig. 8, 2.)

Argyroepeira fragilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 6, t. 1. figg. 11,

11 a, b (¢)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 362, t. 19. fige. 269, 269a (?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata?; Costa Rica (Rogers ').

8. Leucauge idonea. (Tab. XLII. fig. 9, ¢.)

Argyroepeira idonea, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 4, t. 1. figg. 7, 7 a,b(¢)'s

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 363, t. 19. figg. 270, 270 a (2) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Guaremata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion *).

9. Leucauge acuminata. (Tab. XLII. figg. 10, 104, 2.)

Argyroepeira acuminata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 5, t. 1. figg. 6,

6 a,b (?)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 364, t. 19. figg. 271, 271 a,b (?)’.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Hab. Guatemata?; Panama, Bugaba, Tolé (Champion ').

10. Leucauge simplex, sp. n. (Tab. XLII. fig. 11, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

For the characters by which this small species may be distinguished from other

closely allied forms, see Table and Plate.

11. Leucauge lugens. (Tab. XLII. figg. 12, 12a, 2.)

Opas lugens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 185, t. 23. figg. 3, 3a—d (2)".

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

This species can at once be recognized by the very distinct tubercle at the apex of

the abdomen (see Plate).

12, Leucauge argentea.

Meta argentea, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 834, t. 20. figg. 6, 7 (1865) *.

LEUCAUGE.—MECYNOMETA. 443

Argyroepeira argentea, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 326, t. 17. figg. 241, 241 a, 6 (2)’;

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 257°.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length 5-7 millim.

Hab. Mxxico, Tepic (fide Banks*).—Cotomsia ! ?.

13. Leucauge mesomelas. (Tab. XLII. fig. 13, 2.)

Argyroepeira mesomelas, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 135, 230, t. 16.

figg. 3, 3a-e(?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

A species readily recognizable by its black coloration.

14. Leucauge curta.

Argyroepeira curta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 6, t. 1. figg. 10,

10 a,6(¢)*.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

I am unable to find in the type of this species any differential characters which one

can consider satisfactory for distinguishing it from other allied forms.

15. Leucauge maura.

Epeira maura, Hentz, Spid. U.S. p. 114, t. 13. fig. 8°.

Argyroepeira maura, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 257°.

Hab. Norra America, Alabama !.—Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks).

MECYNOMETA.

Mecynometa, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. 2nd edit. i. p. 737 (1895).

Type WM. globosa (O. P.-Cambr.). Central America.

The type of this genus is perhaps more like Leucauge than Meta; but may be

distinguished from the former by the much greater width between the posterior coxe,

and from the latter by the possession, in common with Leucauge, of a double row of

cilie on the basal half of femur iv. The colulus is also present.

1. Mecynometa globosa. (Tab. XLII. fig. 14, 2.)

Meta globosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 2, t. 1. figg. 5, 5a-c (9)’.

Argyroepeira globosa, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 318, t. 16. figg. 234, 2384, b°.

Mecynometa globosa, Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. 2nd edit. p. 737°.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim,

Hab. GuatTemaua? , Panzos, Senahu (Sarg 1).

3 Lp 2

‘444 ARANEIDEA.

METARGYRA, gen. nov.

Type ©. debilis (O. P.-Cambr.). Central America.

The species which is here made the type of a new genus differs from the types of

Leucauge, Plesiometa, and Mecynometa in being without a series of cilize on femur iv. ;

and from Meta in having the sternum produced between coxe iv., and femur i. relatively

much longer.

1. Metargyra debilis. (Tab. XLII. figg. 15, 3; 16, 2.)

Argyroepeira debilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 5, t. 1. figg. 9,

9a,b (2); loc. cit. p. 218, t. 28. figg. 4, 4a-e (¢), 4, 4a-d (2)*; Keyserl. Spinn.

Amer., Epeiride, p. 365, t. 19. figg. 272, 272a°.

Type 2, androtype dg, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 45, $ 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith?); GuaTeMaLa?; PANAMA, Bugaba

(Champion ').

PSEUDOMETA, gen. nov.

Argyroepeira, Keyserling, ad part., Spinn. Amer., Epeiride (1892).

Type P. flava (O. P.-Cambr.). Mexico.

The species of Central-American spiders here referred to the present genus may be

recognized from the typical Meta (type M. fusca, C. L. Koch) by the legs in the

male sex being entirely clothed with fine, short, erect, silky hairs, and by the finely

rugulose-striate groove on the outer side of the mandible. They may, with Meta, be

separated from Leucauge and Mecynometa by the absence of ciliz on the posterior

femora. ‘The tarsus of the male palpus is more or less bifid at its base, or broken up

into an irregular apophysis or “ cymbium,” while the apex of the bulb presents a stout,

circularly curved spine lying flat across the apex, Pseudometa differing entirely in this

respect from Leucauge.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Base of tarsal sheath without a hook-like spur.

a. Apophysis at the base of the tarsal sheath with two short sharp

spurs (one longer and black) between the base and the anterior

branch ee ee ee ee ewe ww. flava, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Apophysis at the base of the tarsal sheath with only one short

sharp spur between the base and the anterior branch. . . , superans, O. P.-Cambr

B. Base of tarsal sheath with a stout, hook-like, sharp spur, its point

directed forwards uncata, sp. n.

PSEUDOMETA. 445

Females.

A. Vulval area smaller ; triangular or hammer-headed piece on the

posterior margin more conspicuous.

a. Posterior marginal piece subtriangular, but variable in form . . brevipes, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Posterior marginal piece hammer-headed . . . . . . . . alboguttata, O. P.-Cambr.

B. Vulval area larger ; triangular posterior marginal piece less con-

spicuous . . . . . . ww wee ee ete ew ee « decolorata, O. P.-~Cambr.

Norz.—It is almost impossible to decide whether the females named above really belong to different species,

and, if so, what are the best characters for distinguishing them. So far as coloration goes, a specimen of

M. brevipes with the abdominal pattern obsolete becomes UM. alboguttata. But since the males here recorded

evidently run very close together, it is quite possible that the species of which the female only is known

would be easily separable if a longer series was available for examination. At present, one is compelled to

leave them more or less unsatisfactorily defined.

1. Pseudometa flava. (Tab. XLII. figg. 17, 17a, 4, 3.)

Meta flava, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 135, t. 18. figg. 8, 8a-e (¢)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, 'Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith *).

2. Pseudometa superans. (Tab. XLII. figg. 18, 18a, 3.)

Meta superans, O. P.-Cambr. Bioi. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 217, t. 28. figg. 2,

2a-e(d)".

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith +).

3. Pseudometa uncata, sp.n. (Tab. XLII. figg. 19, 19a, 3.)

Type, 3d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-5-4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

There are no general marks of distinction by which one may separate this species

from the two preceding. It is smaller, but relative size is of no value amongst

the members of the present genus. For the single differential character, see the Table

and Plate.

4. Pseudometa brevipes. (Tab. XLII. figg. 20, 20a, d, 2.)

Meta brevipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 1, t. 1. figg. 3, 3a, 6 (9)’.

Argyroepeira brevipes, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 316, t. 16. figg. 232, 2324 (?) *

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. GuateMa.a ”, Chilasco (Sarg ').

446 ARANEIDEA.

5. Pseudometa alboguttata. (Tab. XLII. figg. 21, 21a, @.)

Meta alboguttata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 2, t. 1. figg. 1, la-d( 2),

2,2a,b(2)”.

Argyroepeira alboguttata, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 316, t. 16. figg. 233, 233 a-d (9)’.

Chrysometa alboguttata, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 258°.

Type, 2 (androtype, ¢, missing), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 4:5, ¢ 3°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks*); GuaTEMALA®, San Marcos, Tamahu, Panzos,

Sakiyac (Sarg1); Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

6. Pseudometa decolorata. (Tab. XLII. fig. 22, 2 .)

Meta decolorata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 3, t. 1. figg. 4, 4a-c (2) °.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA, between Dolores and Chapallal (Sarg ').

META.

Meta, C. L. Koch, Deutschl. Ins. (Panzer), Heft. 124, nos. 12, 18 (1834).

Metabus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 298 (1899).

Type of Meta, M. fusca, C. L. Koch, = M. menardi (Latr.), Europe; that of Metabus, M. gravidus, O. P.-

Cambr., Guatemala.

In the original diagnosis of the genus MMetabus no differential characters are cited

whereby one may distinguish it from Meta, to which I. gravidus is said to be closely

allied. I cannot, moreover, at present, discover any peculiarity in the single female

before me which would warrant its removal from Meta, though it is possible that with

more material of both sexes one might. find some reliable mark of distinction. For

the present, therefore, the single species of Metabus is referred to the genus Meta.

1. Meta gravida.

Metabus gravidus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 299, t. 37. figg. 7,

7a-e(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11-25 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg ').

AZILIA.

Azilia, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 270 (1881).

Type A. formosa, Keyserl. America.

The spiders belonging to this genus are nearly related to the typical Meta in their

structural characters. The eyes of both rows are very large, and the rows are recurved,

the laterals being widely separate and raised on low tubercles. ‘The mandibles exhibit

AZILIA.—DOLICHOGNATHA. 447

the basal external boss. The tarsal sheath of the palpus is divided at the base, forming

a narrow lateral cymbium. ‘The colulus is present.

The females of the two species recorded from Central America may be separated

thus :—

Females.

1. Vulva broadly triangular, very convex in the middle, without

deep punctures on each side of the central tongue; prominent,

seenin profile . . . 2... ee ee ee guatemalensis, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Vulva transverse-oval, convex, with two deep punctures on each

side of a central tongue; not prominent, seen in profile. . , affinis, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Azilia guatemalensis.

Azilia guatemalensis, 0. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer, Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 12, t. 3. figg. 3,

3a,b (3s), 4, 4a-c (¢)'; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 267, t. 14. figg. 198 (?),

198 a(¢)?; Simon, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 872°.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 5°75, Q 7-9:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg!); Panama, Bugaba (Champion!).—PeERU?; ANTILLES,

St. Vincent (Simon *),

2. Azilia affinis.

Azilia affinis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 115, t. 15. figg. 4, 4. a-c (2) ".

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7-75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith ').

DOLICHOGNATHA.

Dolichognatha, O. P.-Cambridge, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 388 (1869).

Type D. nietneri, O. P.-Cambr. Ceylon.

The labium is much broader than long, while the maxille are elongate and dilate at their apex. The central

posterior eyes are much nearer to each other than to the laterals, being contiguous and a little smaller, and

the posterior row is straight. The eyes of the anterior row are larger, almost equidistant, and situated

in a straight line. Tarsus iv. without comb beneath, tarsal claws 3. Colulus present. Sternum

produced to a conical point between coxee iil. and iv.

1. Dolichognatha tuberculata.

Cyrtophora tuberculata, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 265, t. 14. figg. 197, 197 a-c (9)

(1893) *.

Dolichognatha tigrina, EB. Simon, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. lxii. p. 330 (g) (1893)*; P. Z. 8. 1897,

p- 872°.

Dolichognatha diversa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 147, t. 20. figg. 9,

9 a-e (2) (1895) *.

Type, Q, of C. tuberculata, total length 3 millim., in coll. Marx; of D. tigrina, g, total length 2°7 millim., in

coll. E. Simon; of D. diversa, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, total length 2:25 millim.

448 ARANEIDEA. °

Hab. Norra Amertca, Florida 1.—Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith *).—

VENEZUELA, Caracas?; ANTILLES, St. Vincent °.

The synonymy given above is based on E. Simon’s authority 3.

Subfam. NEPHILINZ.

The spiders here included for convenience under this subfamily comprise the giants

amongst orb-weaving species, in the female sex at all events; for the male, as is well

known, is exceedingly small in comparison. The orb-web is of immense size and very

strong. I have seen them in the Amazonian forest stretched between trees situated

twenty feet or more apart, the orb-shaped portion being three or four feet in diameter.

The tangled mass of surrounding threads is tenanted by numbers of one or more

species of the bright little silvery spiders of the genus Argyrodes, of the family

Theridiide, as already noted, anted, p. 401.

The vulva in the genus Nephila, the single genus included in the subfamily, is

simple, as is also the palpus of the male. The carapace is convex, with often a pair

of more or less well-developed cusps above, at the base of the cephalic area. The

central ocular quadrangle is nearly square and the posterior row of eyes is straight.

The legs are long and very strong, stiffly articulated; the fourth pair are without a

tarsal comb beneath. The colulus is present. |

NEPHILA.

Nephila, Leach, Zool. Miscell. ii. p. 183 (1815).

Type WV. maculata (Fabr.). India and Malay Archipelago.

This genus may be distinguished from Argyope, of the subfamily Argyopine, by the

convexity of the carapace, and by the ocular quadrangle being nearly square.

A single species only, so far as I am able to recognize the distinctive characters, has

been recorded from Central America.

1. Nephila clavipes. (Tab. XLII. figg. 23, 23a, b, ¢; 24, 24a, 2.)

Aranea clavipes, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th edit. i. 2, p. 1084 (?)1.

Nephila clavipes, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 257°; F. P.~Cambr. Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (7) vii. p. 825°.

Aranea cornuta, Pallas, Spic. Zool. fase. ix. p..44‘.

Aranea fasciculata, De Geer, Mém. Ins. vii. p. 316, t. 39. figg. 1-4 (9)*.

Nephila plumipes, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. vi. p. 188, t. 213. fig. 529 (9) °*

Epeira plumipes, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 997.

Nephila wildert, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 251, t. 7. fig. 2, t. 28. figg. 7,7a (3), t. 7. fig. 1,

t. 23. figg. 6, 6a (92).

Nephila wistariana, McCook, loc. cit. p. 252, t. 23. figg. 2, 2a-d (2), 8,84,b(¢)*

Nephila concolor, McCook, loc. cit. p. 256, t. 23. figg. 1, La-e (9 yr.

NEPHILA. 449

Hab. Nortu America, Southern, Atlantic, and Gulf States °, California § 9—MeExico,

Tepic 9.—SoutH America, Colombia, Amazons, Brazil, &c.; ANTILLEs 3.

In my paper? cited above I have suggested that it is probable that all the varieties

of this Nephila described by various authors under several different names are really

referable to the same species, and that even the variety known as N. cornuta (Pallas)

is the same as the unhorned form usually identified as V. clavipes(Linn.). The tufts of

hair on the legs, as well as the horns on the carapace, are very variable in extent and

development. McCook ®® has described two species—J. wilderi and N. wistariana,

on the non-horned varieties, as distinct from V. clavipes (Linn.). He says (loc. cit.

p- 252) that . wildert “has a strong sternal cone opposite the labium, which is but

faintly developed in WV. clavipes; and that it is also distinguished from that species by

the hair-fringes on femora i. and ii., which are wanting in JW. clavipes.”” But in his

description of WV. clavipes (p. 255) he says that this species has ‘sternal cones distinct,

and one especially prominent in front of the labium, as in W. wilderi.” N. wistariana

is also distinguished by ‘the absence of the strong sternal cone opposite the labium,

which marks WN. wilderi.” It is difficult to understand how J. wistariana can be, in

any case, different from WV. clavipes, for both these forms are distinguished from

N. wilderi by the absence of tufts on femora i. and ii., and by the tubercle opposite

the labium being only faintly developed (sec. McCook). But I cannot regard either

the presence or absence of the tufts on femora i. and ii., or the greater or less develop-

ment of the sternal tubercles, as of any specific importance in this genus, for I have

numerous examples before me which present only a very slight tubercle and yet

have well-pronounced tufts of hair on femora i. and ii.

Nor can one regard the presence of cephalic tubercles as a character of specific

importance, for I have before me [cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 327] several

examples with the tubercles varying in size from nearly obsolete to stout conical

protuberances.

Subfam. ARGYOPINA.

The species comprised under this heading differ from the Nephiline and the

Araneine in having the posterior row of eyes strongly procurved. ‘The legs are long,

as in Nephila, but the carapace is flattened ; while the vulva of the female and palpus

of the male are more developed. ‘The web is similar in general respects to that of

other orb-weaving Argyopide; but a characteristic feature is the attitude which the

spider assumes when resting in the centre. In the case of A. argentata the legs are

stretched out in pairs in the form of a cross, each pair lying on a long, narrow, zigzag

band of thin silk, probably for the sake of protection from Hymenoptera and other

enemies, though it is difficult to suggest what the spider represents when in this

position, possibly a bird’s-dropping.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1903. 3 Mf

450 ARANEIDEA.

In other cases the silken band lies in a straight line, interrupted in the middle, down

the centre of the web.

The genera represented in the Central-American fauna may be distinguished by the

following characters :—

GENERA.

i. Central eyes of anterior row, in the female, much further from the

laterals than from eath other.

a. Vulva of female divided by a septum into a pair of equal concavities.

1. Abdomen scalloped or lobate on the sides . . . . - - + + ARGYOPE, Aud. in Sav.

2. Abdomen more or less evenly rounded on the sides. . . . . Metarcyope, gen. nov.

b. Vulva of female not divided by a septum, but presenting a long,

broad, convex process, its apex compressed-spatuliform, with

recurved margins, having a single circular cavity, or orifice, at

its base beneath . . . . ee ee eee ee ee) 6 Miranpa, C. L. Koch.

ii. Eyes of anterior row almost equidistant . . . . . . - . + + Gua, C. L. Koch.

ARGYOPE.

Argyope, Audouin, in Savigny’s Egypt, Araign. (1st edit.) p. 121 (1826).

Type A. sericea (Oliv., 1789) = A. lobata (Pallas, 1782) (sec. auct.). Europe.

Although the type of Argyope differs somewhat from the A. argentata of the Western

Hemisphere, I have left the latter for the present in the same genus. It can be at

once recognized from other Central-American forms by the lobate margin of the

abdomen, and by the form of the vulval orifice, which is divided into two lateral

concavites by a broader or narrower septum. ‘The males of the two species recorded

may be separated as follows :—

Males.

a. Spiraloid spine of palpal bulb constricted towards the apex, with a

conspicuous barb on each side. No sharp cusp projecting in the

middle of the spiral curve ee ee

6. Spiraloid spine not constricted towards the apex, but with a low cusp in

the middle and a small barbule near the apex. <A sharp black cusp

projects from the middle of the spiral curve . . . . . . . . . blanda,O.P.-Cambr.

argentata, Fabr.

1. Argyope argentata. (Tab. XLII. figg. 25, g; 26, 26 a-c, 2.)

Aranea argentata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 11. p. 414’.

Epeira argentata, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 115, t. 18. fig. 8 (2).

Argiope argentata, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 220, t. 16. figg. 2, 2a-f(¢), 1, lad (¢)’;

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 257*; Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 541°; Simon,

P. Z. S. 1897, p. 873°.

ARGYOPE.—METARGYOPE. 45]

Argiope argenteola, McCook, Amer. Spid. i. p. 1087.

Argiope fenestrinus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. v. p. 39, t. 155. fig. 361 (?)°.

Hab. North America? ®7.—Muxico, Tepic (fide Banks‘), Chilpancingo, Amula,

Tierra Colorada (H. H. Smith); Guaremata (Sarg); Costa Rica, Esmeralda (Biolley) ;

Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion). — Brazi?; AntitLEs, St. Vincent ®, Mar-

tinique 2.

2. Argyope blanda. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 1,14, ¢.)

Argiope blanda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 267, t. 37. figg.2,2a-f(¢)'.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

METARGYOPE, gen. nov.

Type ©. trifasciata (Forsk&l). Neotropical region.

The species which are referred to this genus are those in which the abdomen is not

lobate and the vulva is divided by a septum. ‘T'wo groups are recognizable, those

without a shoulder protuberance and those with one on each side.

1. Metargyope trifasciata. (Tab. XLIII. figg 2, ¢; 3, 3a, 6, 2.)

Aranea trifasciata, Forskal, Descr. Animalium, etc. p. 86 (1775) °. |

Epeira argyraspides, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 110°; Abbot’s Georgian Spiders, no. 156 (?)’.

Epeira latreilla, Walck. loc. cit. p. 108 *.

Epeira mauricia, Walck. loc. cit. p. 108’. .

Epeira fasciata, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 468°; Spid. U.S. p. 107, t. 12. fig.8 (2) 7.

Epeira webbii, Lucas, Hist. Canaries, Arachn. p. 38, t. 6. fig. 5 (2) °.

Epeira flavipes, Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, Zool. iti. p. 493°.

Argiope transversa, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi, p. 330, t. 24. fig. 20 (¢) "; Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 256 (2).

Argiope argyraspis, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 219, t. 15. figg. 10, 11, 12, t. 16. fig. 4 (9),

t. 15. figg. 7, 8, 9, t. 16. figg. 8, 3a,b(9)”.

Hab. North America?’ !0l,_ Mexico, Orizaba (fide Banks; H. H. Smith);

GuateMaLA (Mus. Brit.; Sarg); Costa Rica, San José (Sarg).— Lower Amazons

(Ff. P.-C.); Cu1?; Atiantic Is.§; Mauritius +>.

This species somewhat resembles Miranda bruennichit, Scop., and is found—in

Madeira, at all events—with it. J. trifasciata may be easily distinguished by the

form of the vulva, that of IM. bruennichii being similar in shape, except that it is shorter

and broader, to that of I. cophinaria; while the vulva of WM. trifasciata is divided

by a thin septum, its upper margin being broad and rounded, incurving below and

behind into a pair of equal cavities. .

The bulb of the male palpus has a lower spiraloid lamina, with a spirally curved

3 Mf 2

452 ARANEIDEA.

spine lying closely within its concavity. ‘This spine 1s simple throughout, not barbed,

except that it has a minute barbule towards the apex.

MIRANDA.

Miranda, C. Lu. Koch, Deutsch. Ins. (Panzer) Heft 128. 14 (1835).

Type UM. transalpina, C. L. Koch, = Aranea bruennichii, Scopoli (sec. auct.). Europe.

The species of this genus, which includes the well-known M. bruennichit (Scopoli)

and M. cophinaria (Walckenaer), are distinguished at once, at least in the female

sex, by the shape of the vulval orifice, this latter forming a single, deep, circular

concavity, not divided by a septum, lying below a long scape. Only one species

occurs, so far as at present known, in the Western Hemisphere, and this is abundant

in North and Central America.

1. Miranda cophinaria. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 4, 4a, 3; 5, 5a-c, 2.)

Argyope cophinaria, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 109’; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, fig. 151°; McCook,

Amer. Spid. ii. p. 217, t. 15. figg. 5, 6, t. 16. figg. 6, 6a (3), t. 15. figg. 1-4, t. 16. figg. 5,

5a-c (¢?)’*.

Argiope cophinaria, Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xu. p. 541 *.

Epeira ambitoria, Walck. loc. cit. p. 112°.

Nephila vestita, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. v. p. 35, t. 158. fig. 858°.

Epeira riparia, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 468"; Spid. U.S. p. 106, t. 12. fig. 5(2)*;

Cragin, Bull. Washb. Coll. i. no. 4, p. 149°.

Argiope riparia, Emerton, Trans. Conn, Acad. Sci. vi. p. 329, t. 34. fig. 19 °°.

Argiope personata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 110, t. 14. figg. 14,

14a-d (2); Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 257.

Argiope godmani, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 236, t. 37. figg. 8, 8a-f(9)™.

Types, 2, of A. personata and A. godmani, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 28-30 millim.

Hab. Norra America !~8 9 !°.—Mextco, Acapulco (H. H. Smith"), Tepic, San Miguel

de Horcasitas (fide Banks”); GuatTeMaLa, Guatemala city (Stod/ 18),

The spiders belonging to Miranda and the allied genera vary very much in the

coloration of the legs. These latter are, for instance, brown, with black annulations

in I. personata (var.), and entirely jet-black in M. godmani (var.).

The vulva of the female of MZ. cophinaria is produced into a long scape, compressed-

spatuliform towards the apex, the margin somewhat reflexed, having a single circular

orifice at its base beneath. The bulb of the palpus of the male has two long, broad,

conspicuous lamine, converging at their apex, the tip of the upper lamina lying on the

concavity of the lower (probably variable in this respect), together giving the bulb a

forcipated appearance. For the habits of this abundant species, see McCook [Amer.

Spid. vols. i. & ii.].

GEA. 453

GEA.

Gea, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. x. p. 101 (1843).

Type G. spinipes, C. L. Koch. Asia.

This genus differs (sec. Simon) from Argyope in having the four anterior eyes almost

equidistant, whereas in the latter the centrals are much nearer together than to the

laterals. One species only has been recorded from Central America.

1. Gea heptagon.

Epeira heptagon, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 20, t. 3. figg. 5 (2), 6 (3g) (1850) ';

Spid. U.S. p. 122, t. 14. figg.5 (2),6(¢), t. 18. fig. 72 (¢)*.

Gea heptagon, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 76, t. 3. figg. 58, 58 a, b (?)°; McCook, Amer.

Spid. iii. p. 208, t. 12. figg. 8, 8a-c (2)*.

Hab. Norta America!?+4, Southern United States 2\—Guarrmata (fide Peckham®).

—Souto America, Brazil 3.

Subfam. ARANEINA.

The table given for the separation of the subfamilies of the Argyopide (anéed,

pp. 412, 413), based on E. Simon’s work (Hist. Nat. des Araign. 2nd edit.), must be

regarded as purely tentative. The character quoted for distinguishing the Tetra-

gnathine from the Metine and Araneine, for instance, viz. the absence of a boss

at the base of the mandible, is not reliable, for in some species of Tetragnatha it is

evidently present. In many other respects also Simon’s work is entirely misleading :

on pp. 790, 795 (op. cit. i.) he places Epeira illicita, O. P.-Cambr., under Larinia, a

genus of which he says, “ coxe maris mutice”; H. illicita, however, possesses a well-

developed hook on coxa i., and falls quite naturally into his own genus Eustala (loc.

cit. p. 795). Again, on the same page, Simon places Hpeira vegeta, Keys., of which

the type is before me, under Acacesia: the male of this species has no long spines

under tibia ii., and the “uncus vulve” of the female is not ‘‘postice directus,” but

“‘antice directus,” and also falls quite obviously under Eustala. Of Mangora Simon

says “cox maris mutice,” whereas there is in the type-species and all others known

to me a well-developed hook on coxa i.

Hentzia basilica, McCook, he places under Cyrtophora: this species, if it be congeneric

with Argyope trivittata, as I have no reason for doubting, does not belong to Cyrto-

phora, but falls more naturally between Meta and Leucauye, for it has no coxal hook

in the male, a character which is well marked in Cyrtophora.

So, too, the removal of Cyrtophora (type C. opuntie) from the genus Araneus, based,

at least as it stands at present, on the separation of the lateral eyes, cannot be

supported. The separation of the lateral eyes is very variable in species of Araneus

otherwise obviously allied.

It is difficult to understand why Turckheimia walckenaeri, O. P.-Cambr., and Cyclosa

454 ARANEIDEA.

lacerta, O. P.-Cambr., are placed under Araneus, while T. nodosa, O. P.-Cambr., is

referred to Cyclosa. Both T. nodosa and T. walckenaert present most distinctly the

very character by which the Cyclosee are separated as a subfamily from the Aranee,

viz. the division of the cephalic region, in the female sex, from the thoracic, by “un

profond sillon entier et semicirculaire,” and they are at any rate congeneric with

T. nodosa if this character be any criterion.

With regard to the present characterization of the various groups of the subfamily

Araneine, it must be treated as merely provisional, until a more complete examination

can be made of the genera and species from other parts of the world. Furthermore,

it is almost impossible to judge of the generic affinities of many of the species unless

examples of both sexes are available for examination. I have been compelled,

therefore, to separate those that fall into distinct genera, and to place the other

species at the end. The name Aranea now takes the place of Epeira.

There seems to be no reason to doubt that the Araneine will admit of a perfectly

natural classification into generic groups when some arachnologist has time to devote

himself to an exclusive study of this enormous subfamily.

There are no species in the collection before me which, so far as I can judge, fall

into either of the groups of which Aranea diadema, Linn., and Hpeira cornuta, Linn.,

are types, and therefore the generic names Aranea and Lpeira do not appear in

connection with the arrangement here adopted for the Central-American spiders.

The following table, a separate one being required for each sex, gives the characters

of all the genera I have been able to distinguish :—

GENERA.

Males.

A. Patella of pedipalp with two spines at apex.

a. Coxa i. and femur 11. without hook or groove respectively.

a’. Coxa and femur of pedipalp without conical spur and ridge

respectively. . . . . ye oe we ee). 06M reperra, gen. nov.

b'. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with conical spur and ridge

respectively . . . . . . soe ee ee) e))h)©6cDRExELIA, McCook.

b. Coxa i. and femur ii. with hook and groove respectively.

a’. Lateral eyes situated on a prominent tubercle, projecting

forwards well in advance of the anterior margin of the

mandible. Genital bulb without a large cymbium on its

inner side . . . . . . . ew ew we). )6CERopHora, Simon.

6°. Lateral eyes not situated on a prominent tubercle. Genital

bulb with a large cymbium on the inner side.

a’. Clavis of genital bulb with a characteristic lateral spur, but

not distinctly bifid. . . . - 2 + « « « « . NeEoscona, Simon.

6°. Clavis of genital bulb distinctly bifid - + + « « « « « NEOosconELLA, gen. nov.

ARANEINZA. 455

B. Patella of pedipalp with one spine only at the apex.

a‘. Tibia iii., in both sexes, with a tuft of cilia on the anterior basal

side... . . . . oe ee ee ee) 6M ancora, O. P.-Cambr.

b*. Tibia iii. without a tuft of cilia on anterior basal side.

a’. Coxa i. and femur ii. without hook and groove respectively.

Anterior row of eyes strongly procurved . . . . . . . Marxra, McCook.

6°. Coxa i. and femur ii. with hook and groove respectively.

Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly recurved.

a’, Tibia ii. with a stout apophysis.about the middle, bearing a

pair of spines at its apex. . . . - - + + + ~ ~~ VWerrucosa, McCook.

6°. Tibia ii. without a stout central apophysis.

a’, Central quadrangle of eyes not narrower behind.

a’. Posterior centrals two diameters apart; larger than the

anterior centrals . . . . +. « « - «~~ « Wrxta, O. P.-Cambr.

*, (The male sex is not known.) . . . . . . Satassrna, Simon.

oO. coed quadrangle of eyes narrower behind. Posterior

centrals one diameter or less apart, smaller than the

anterior centrals.

a’. Eye-groups very prominent, lateral groups situated on

prominent tubercles, projecting forwards beyond the

anterior margin of the mandible.

a, Tibia ii. much incrassate, bearing on the inner side

a double row of stout spines with five or six long

spines on the underside. Femora iii. and iv. with a

series of five or six spines beneath . . . . . . PaRawixia, gen. nov.

6°. Tibia ii. scarcely at all incrassate, bearing a single

series of three fine spines on both the inner and under

sides. Femora iii. and iv. without any spines, or one

ortwoonfemuriii, . . . . . . «+ ~~ . Cycnosa, Menge.

b°. Eye-groups not very prominent, lateral groups not

projecting forwards beyond the anterior margin of the

mandible.

a”, Abdomen with shoulder, lateral and apical cusps. . Waeneria, McCook.

6°. Abdomen without cusps.

a”, Tibia ii. with distinctly specialized holding-spines ;

the segment itself somewhat incrassate.

a, Specialized spines on the inner side of tibia ui.

not arranged in series, but with two or more

spines towards the base, one or two very long

curved central spines on the inner side, and two

or more shorter, stouter, curved spines on the

underside. . . . woe se ws) . «©Acacesra, Simon.

6°. Specialized spines on the inner, side of tibia il.

arranged in a more or less definite series . . Evsraza, Simon.

456 ARANEIDEA.

6", Tibia ii. not incrassate nor with any specialized

holding-spines . . » 2 + © e+ es + + . Merazyeta, gen. nov.

(There are also numerous other species which

fall under this section ; but since it is impossible

at present, owing to the absence of one sex or the

other, to deal with them satisfactorily from a

generic point of view, I leave them under the

name Aranea.)

Females.

A. Lower margin of fang-groove with five teeth, the fourth smaller.

Sternum at least one-half longer than broad. . . . . «© « « Marxta.

B. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth only. Sternum not

or scarcely longer than broad.

a, Tibia iii. with a tuft of cilia on the anterior basal side

b. Tibia iii. without any tuft of cilia.

a‘. Protarsus and tarsus i. together longer than tibia and patellai. Murererra.

6. Protarsus and tarsus i. together not longer than tibia and patella i.

* Femora i—iv. without any series of spines beneath.

a®. Posterior central eyes not larger than the anterior centrals.

a’. Tibie i. and ii. furnished with spines beneath.

a‘. Scapus of vulva directed forwards. . . . . -

b*. Scapus of vulva directed backwards.

a’. Scapus fused to basal portion ; no lateral sclerites . Acacusra.

6°. Scapus not fused to basal portion ; lateral sclerites

present °

6°. Tibi i. and ii. without spines beneath.

(d) Cephalic region not separated from the thoracic por-

tion by a deep semicircular groove.

a°’. Central quadrangle of eyes not narrower behind . WaGNERIA.

6°. Central quadrangle of eyes narrower behind. . . NeOscONELLA.

(b) Cephalic region distinctly separated from the thoracic

region by a deep semicircular groove.

a’, Central quadrangle of eyes not narrower behind.

Vulva without a free scapus oo . SALASSINA.

6". Central quadrangle much narrower behind. Vulva

with a free scapus .

. « . « Mancora.

. EHUSTALA.

. « « © DREXELIA.

see ew ew ew eh.) 6UCY¥CLOSA.

6’. Posterior central eyes larger than the anterior centrals

** Femora i—iv. with a single (or in i. and ii. in-some cases a

double) series of spines beneath.

a*®, Abdomen with cusps or tubercles.

a’. Protarsi i—iv. without spines beneath. Scapus of vulva

not fused to the base, but with lateral sclerites on

each side . . .

WIXIA.

VERRUCOSA.

METEPEIRA. 457

6°. Protarsi i—iv. with spines beneath. Scapus of vulva

more entirely fused to the base; lateral sclerites

absent . ... . . woe ee ee whe) 6PARAWIXIA.

- Abdomen without cusps or tubercles.

°, Scapus of vulva fused to the basal portion; lateral

sclerites absent . . . 2. . . + + + « « « «~ NeEoscona.

6°. Scapus of vulva not fused to the basal portion ;

lateral sclerites present . . . . - . . . . EHRropHora.

METEPEIRA, gen. nov.

Type M. spinipes, sp. n. Central America.

¢~. No hook on coxa i. and no groove on femur ii. Coxe and femora of pedipalps without a coniform spur

or ridge. Tibia ii. not incrassate nor with specialized spines. Patella of pedipalps with two apical

spines. and @. Posterior central eyes two-thirds of a diameter apart, slightly smaller than the

anterior centrals. Central quadrangle slightly narrower behind; anterior eyes one and one-eighth of a

diameter apart. Posterior row slightly recurved ; laterals one-fourth of a diameter apart, distant from

the posterior centrals nearly twice the space occupied by these latter. Boss at base of mandible very

slight. Legs clothed with numerous long spines; femur i. presenting two rows of long spines beneath

and numerous long spines on the inner side. Protarsus and tarsus i. longer than tibia and patella i.

Sternum scarcely longer than broad. Upper and lower margins of fang-groove furnished with three

teeth. Colulus present.

In the male the bifid falciform process or “unca” of the palpal bulb is characteristic of the group. The

palpus exhibits also the tarsal hook at the base of the tarsal sheath.

In the female the vulva has a slender central scapus, recurved at its apex.

The species referred to this genus form a small distinct group, which has more

affinities with the Metine than with any other of the present subfamily. ‘The length

of the protarsus and tarsus of leg i. brings them nearer also to the Argyopine.

Owing to the necessity of publishing the diagnoses of subfamilies and genera before

the material has been completely worked out in detail, the classification may need

considerable modification.

Males.

1. Femur i. with a clustered group of seven or eight long spines on the

apical half, in front ; four fine dorsal spines and a series of four or five

very fine spines beneath. Femur ii. with one or two spines ora single

series of four or five spines beneath. Shaft of unca of palpus as long

or longer than the blade, more slender, the latter making a wider

sweep. Lamina2of bulb smaller and more remote from the denticules

of the anterior lobe.

a. Shaft of unca less slender, not so long in proportion, the blade taking

a narrower sweep. Femur i. without a long single series of spines

beneath, besides the cluster in the apical half. Femur i. with a

single spine, or sometimes two, beneath. . . . . . labyrinthea, Hentz.

}. Shaft of unca much more slender and longer in proportion, the blade

taking a much wider sweep. Femur i. with a single long series

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., November 1903. 3 Nf

458 ARANEIDEA.

(12-13) of spines beneath, besides the apical cluster. Femur il.

with a single series of four or five short spmes . - + + + + uncata, sp. 0.

2. Femur i. with a double series of stout, long spines beneath, extending

from the base to the apex, besides a cluster of long spines in front on

the apical half. Femur ii. with a long series (9-10) of stout spines

beneath. Shaft of unca much shorter than the blade, both of them

very broad, and striate throughout. Lamina 2 of palpal organs larger

and lying close above and adjacent to the denticules of the anterior

lobe . ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee + Spinipes, Sp. D.

Females.

1. Scapus of vulva, seen from below, much narrower at the base, and

throughout, not abruptly dilate.

a. Femur i. with three or four dorsal spines only. Femur ii. entirely

devoid of spines beneath. Leg i. not more than three times longer

than the carapace. Scapus of vulva more slender, the portule lying

more separate from its base. . . . - + + . oe ew ee) babyrinthea.

b. Femur i. with a series of 3 inner spines, 6 infero-lateral, and 11-12

spines below. Femur ii. with two series of 3-4 and 5-6 spines

beneath. Leg i. more than four times longer than the carapace.

Scapus of vulva stouter, the portule lymg more beneath its base . spinipes.

2. Scapus of vulva, seen from below, much broader at its base, and

abruptly dilate towards the apex. . 6 6 ee 6 et ee oe es incrassata, sp. 0.

1. Metepeira labyrinthea. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 6, 6a, 3; 7, 7a-¢, 2.)

Epeira labyrinthea, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 471, t. 31. fig. 3 (?)7; Spid. U.S.

(ed. Burgess), p. 11], t. 18. fig. 3 ( ¢)°*.

? Epeira labyrinthea, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 314, t. 36. fig. 11 (fg), t. 34. fig. 8

(2)°; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 171, t. 7. figg. 11, lla (¢), 10, 10a, 12, 12a (2)?

Keyserling, Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 215, t. 10. figg. 160, 160a (¢), 1608, ¢ (3)*

Simon, P. Z.S. 1897, p. 874°; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) 1. p. 254".

Total length, 2 7-10, ¢ 4 millim.

Carapace deep brown, with the ocular area yellow. Mandibles, maxillz, and sternum brown, the latter with

a central yellow band. Coxe, trochanters, and the other segments of the legs dull yellow, with the

apices of all slightly suffused with brown. Abdomen dull yellow-grey, with a central folium very

similar to that present in the two next species, but the second diverticulum is not so much dilated as in

M. spinipes, nor so pointed as in M. incrassata, but usually rounded ; sides mottled with rich brown ;

ventral area black, with a central pale line and two spots in front of the spinners. The legs are much

shorter in proportion to the carapace than in M. spinipes, about one-fourth longer than the whole body.

Femur i. with 3-5 spines in the apical half, ii. without spines. Vulva of the same type as in the next

two species, but the scapus is narrower than in M. spinipes and not dilate apically as in M. wecrassata.

g. Carapace deep brown, ocular area slightly paler; mandibles and sternum brown, the latter with a central

yellow line. Legs yellow, apical two-thirds of femora i., ii., iv. and apex of iii., patella and apex of

tibia, protarsus, and tarsus brown. Abdomen entirely black, with the folium and anterior ,~\-shaped

marks outlined in white; lateral and ventral areas black, the latter with the usual central line and pair

of white spots before the spinners. Femur i. of legs with 3 dorsal and a cluster of 5-7 long spines on

METEPEIRA. 459

the apical half, and a series of one or two (or more) smaller bristles beneath. Palpal organs similar in

general character to those of the other species of the special group, exhibiting a double-bladed reap-hook-

like process (unca) on the underside of the bulb, with a partially concealed embolus lying under the

apices. of the blades; apically there is a conspicuous, rounded, elongate lobe, deeply indentate on its

outer margin, and exhibiting at this point a cluster of sharp black denticules. Close above this lobe and

basally lies a thin yellow lamina, with three serrations on one side and one on the other, and adjacent to

its base a second small oval triangular sclerite (lamina 2). The form of the unca is characteristic: in

the present species the shaft is almost as long as the blade, which takes a much less wide curve than

in M. uncata, and is stouter, The shape and position of lamina 2 of the bulb serves also to separate

M. labyrinthea from M. spinipes.

Hab. North America*4®, N, Carolina!?, California’.—Muxico, Tepic, Orizaba,

San Miguel de Horcasitas (fide Banks’), Amula, Orizaba, Chilpancingo, Atoyac,

Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Antigua (Stoll); Panama, Bugaba ( Champion).—

Sourn America, Venezuela*; AntiLLEs 4, Barbados 4, St. Vincent &.

Although M. labyrinthea is one of the commonest and best known of Hentz’s

species, American arachnologists have never identified it with any certainty. They

have not yet given an accurate description of the species, nor are their figures

sufficiently detailed for purposes of identification. The same remarks apply also to

Keyserling’s work 5, Fortunately, however, a male and a female example from North

Carolina, whence the type was obtained, are before me, and they are identical with

those from Central America in our collection. _McCook’s figures (loc. cit. t. 7.

figg. 10, 11) seem to agree better with I. spinipes; and his fig. 12 may represent the

true MM. labyrinthea or M. incrassata. The example referred to M. labyrinthea by

Simon, from St. Vincent, is an immature female, and is now before me.

The very narrow scapus of the vulva in the female, the form of the unca in the

male, and the comparative shortness of the legs and scarcity of spines on femora i.

and li. in both sexes, are the characters to be noted.

2. Metepeira uncata, sp.n. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 8, 8a, d, 3.)

Type, 3d, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

¢. Carapace brown, caput paler; mandibles and sternum brown, the latter with a faint pale central line

behind. Legs coloured as in M. labyrinthea. Abdomen white, mottled with brown, with the usual

central folium, the six /\-shaped marks being very distinct. Femur i. spinulated as in M. labyrinthea,

but with a long series of spines (12 or 13) on the outer side beneath ; femur ii, with a series of 6 or 7

spines beneath. Palpal organs similar to those of M. labyrinthea, but the shaft of the unca is very long

and slender, rather longer than the blade, which takes a much wider sweep and is more slender

throughout. The same characters will serve to distinguish it from M. spinipes.

Hab. Guatemaa, Santa Ana (Sarg).

3. Metepeira spinipes, sp.n. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 9, 9a-f, ¢; 10, 10 a-d, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g¢ 9, 2 12 millim.

Q@. Carapace dull orange-brown, mottled with darker brown. Mandibles, sternum, and coxe of legs

brownish-black, the sternum with or without a central basal yellow line. Femora of legs orange,

darker at the apex above ; patella i, and ii, orange above, dark below ; tibizw, protarsi, tarsi, and patelle

3Nnf 2

460 ARANEIDEA.

iii. and iv. yellow, more or less spotted with black; tibie with a conspicuous black apical annulus,

Abdomen dull yellow above, mottled with brown, with a well-marked central folium, of which the

second diverticulum is conspicuously dilate at its apex on each side; ventral surface black, with

the central white line behind the genital rima, and the pair of white spots in front of the spinners.

3. Colour similar, but paler, on the legs at any rate, the femora, however, being darker.

Femora i. and ii. in the female with two series of spines beneath, in the male more numerously spined.

The characters drawn from the spinulation of the legs are applicable only to the adults in both sexes.

The unca of the palpus is much broader throughout, but especially at the base, than in the two allied species,

and the blade takes a narrower sweep. The small sclerite (lamina 2) near the base of lamina i. is

longer, and lies much more adjacent to the denticules on the anterior lobe of the bulb.

The vulva of the female is characteristic, the scapus (though not abruptly dilate as in M. incrassata) being

broader throughout than in M. labyrinthea, while the walls of the portule are less prominent and not so

distinctly separated on their inner side from the base of the scapus as in the latter species.

Hab. Mexico, Patzcuaro, Amula, Amoquileca, city of Mexico (H. H. Smith).

4, Metepeira incrassata, sp.n. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 11, 1la-e, 2.)

Type, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

©. Carapace dull yellow, the central area often deep brown. Mandibles, coxe of legs, and sternum deep

brown, the latter with or without a central yellow basal line. Legs yellow, femora often suffused

apically with brown; tibiz with a more or less conspicuous dark apical ring. Abdomen bright ochre-

yellow, mottled and spotted with brown, the central folium not well defined, especially in front, the

second diverticula on each side not dilate; ventral area black, with the usual central white line and

the two spots in front of the spinners. The specimens described have the abdomen more globular than

in M. spinipes. Legs i. and ii. are much shorter in proportion, scarcely one-fourth longer than the

whole body. Femur i. has 3 or 4 spines only in the apical half, femur ii. being entirely devoid of spines-

The scapus of the vulva is abruptly dilate towards its apex, seen from below.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Ff. D. G.); Guaremata (Sarg).

DREXELIA.

Drexelia, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1892, p. 127; Amer. Spid. ii. p. 248 (1893).

? Larinia, E. Simon, Arachn. Fr. 1. p. 115 (1874).

Type of Drevelia, D. directa (Hentz), North America; of Larinia, L. dufouri, E, Simon, Europe *,

Generic characters drawn from D. directa (Hentz).

$. Coxa i. without hook. Femur ii. without groove. Patella of palpus with two spines. Maxilla and base

of femur of palpus with a well-developed cone and ridge; eyes as in female. Q. Carapace not convex

behind. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved, laterals subequal. Posterior central eyes almost in

contact, much smaller than the anterior centrals, which are at least two diameters apart. Central

* McCook in 1893 (Am. Spid. iii. p. 249) definitely cited L. dufouri as the type of Larinia. Simon did not

cite L. lineata as the type until 1895. Not having a specimen of L. dufourt before me, it is impossible to say

whether Drevelia is truly congeneric with Larinia, . The species before me, Epetra tetragnathordes, O. P.-Cambr.,

is, I have little doubt, that which McCook identifies as Epeara directa, Hentz; and it is safer to retain the

name Drevelia for the present.

As to Larinia, the species, Cyclosa fissicauda, O. P.-Cambr., and Epeira illicita, O. P.-Cambr., quoted by

Simon as falling under this genus, directly contradict in many respects the characters given in the diagnosis.

E. illicita has a coxal hook in the male, and C. fissicauda has the carapace very convex behind, amongst other

important differences.

DREXELIA.—ERIOPHORA. 461

quadrangle much narrower behind, scarcely more than half as wide as in front; broader than long.

Patella of palpus with two anterior spines. Femora without rows of spines beneath. Vulva with a

short, broad scapus. The tarsal sheath of the palpal bulb of the male has a chitinous hook. Colulus

present.

1. Drexelia directa. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 12, 12¢, ¢; 13,134, b, 2.)

Epeira directa, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 478, t. 31. fig. 21(9)'; Spid. U.S.

p- 119, t. 13. fig. 21 (9)?

Drexelia directa, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1892, p. 127°; Amer. Spid. iii. p. 249, t. 6. figg. 11,

lla(¢), 10, 10a, 4, t. 22. figg. 3, 3 a-e (2)*.

Larinia directa, Banks, Ent. News, v. p. 8°; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 257°.

Epeira tetragnathoides, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 16, 18, t. 7. figg. 9,

9a,6(38),10,104,5b(¢)".

Epeira intercisa, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 18, t. 5. figg. 11, lla, d(¢)’. .

Epeira deludens, Marx, Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 261, t. 18. figg. 195, 195 a (?), 1955, ce(¢)’.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, of Z. tetragnathoides, type 3 of E. intercisa, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length,

3 45, Q 55-8 millim.

Hab. Nortu America! ? 4.—Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks ®); Guatmmata®, Sachenmax,

Sakiyac, Cumbre de San Joaquin (Sarg”); Panama, Bugaba (Champion? ®).

McCook is the first author who has given a recognizable description and figure of

Epeira directa, Hentz, and I have no doubt that he is correct in regarding E. tetragna-

thoides, O. P.-Cambr., as identical with it. ‘The male has no coxal hook on leg i., nor

femoral groove on leg ii.; but it has the maxillary cone and chitinous ridge on the

base of the femur of the palpus, and two long curved spines on the anterior margin of

the patella.

2. Drexelia bellona.

Larinia bellona, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 257, t. 15. fig. 6 (3 2)".

Type d, gynetype @, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sci. Total length, ¢ 4, 2 7 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic 1.

This species is probably distinct from E. directa, but Banks’s figures are not

sufficiently clear to enable one to suggest in what particular structural detail the

difference might be found. This author says, however, that it may be readily distin-

guished by its shorter abdomen, which is twice as long as wide.

ERIOPHORA.

Eriophora, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. 1. p. 261 (1864).

Type E. ravilla (C. L. Koch). North America.

If McCook is correct in his identification of Epeira ravilla, then this species is con-

generic with LE. purpurascens, O. P.-Cambr., and the other allied forms enumerated

462 ARANEIDEA.

below. I have here selected it as the type of Simon’s genus EHriophora, but as

E. ravilla is unknown to me, the characters have been taken from EL. purpurascens.

Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove; a tubercle above coxai. Coxa and femur of pedipalp

with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. incrassate, with six long spines beneath

and two rows-of 5-6 spines on the inner side, the apical four spines of the lower series being much

stouter and more specialized. Protarsus ii. with two specialized spines at the base on the inner side.

Femora i. and ii. with a single series of ten or eleven, and iii. and iv. with a double series of five or six

spines beneath. Patella of pedipalp bearing two apical spines. Tarsal sheath with a very large curved

lamelliform unca at its base.

Lateral eye-groups projecting forwards on a very distinct tubercle, well in advance of the anterior margin of

the base of the mandible; central anterior eyes also very prominent. Posterior row of eyes recurved,

anterior row distinctly recurved. Quadrangle narrower behind; posterior centrals one-fourth of a

diameter apart ; anterior centrals much larger, one full diameter apart. Trochanter iv. with two spines.

Palpal bulb with an enormous cymbium on the inner side, a less conspicuous clavis on the outer side with

the apical lamella and an embolus.

. Posterior central eyes half a diameter apart, much smaller than the anterior centrals, which are separated

by one full diameter. Central quadrangle distinctly narrower behind, not longer than broad. Both rows

recurved. Laterals one-eighth a diameter apart ; anterior laterals much larger, situated on a low rounded

tubercle. Lower margin of fang-groove with three, the upper with four teeth.

Legs not very spinose. Femur i. with a series of three, ii. with seven spines on the under inner side, and iii.

with two or three spines beneath; iv. without spines. Protarsi i—iv. with stout spines beneath.

Carapace not raised or convex behind the eyes. Sternum slightly longer than broad, Colulus present.

Patelle i—iv. without an apical spine, but with a short fine bristle. Vulva having the scapus, atriolum,

and lateral sclerites not fused into one piece, but the scapus more or less detached, and folded back at its

base, where it is strongly transversely rugulose. Abdomen without shoulder- or other tubercles.

Males.

Trochanter of leg iv. alone with one or two spines on its anterior

margin. Cymbium of palpus strongly geniculate on its basal

half, projecting far beyond the margin of the tarsal sheath.

Protarsus il. with two stout spines towards the base on the

inner side . . . . . wee 1 » «6 6 « « purpurascens, O. P.-Cambr.

Cymbium of

palpus less strongly geniculate, not projecting beyond the margin

of the tarsai sheath. Protarsus ii. without basal spines on the

inner side . . . .

Coxa as well as trochanter of leg iv. with spines.

- . . edax, Blackw.

Females.

Abdomen without circular bosses (or blisters, sec. McCook) in the

central dorsal line.

1. Abdomen without central cusp posteriorly. Scapus of vulva

without any carina; either flat or longitudinally grooved ;

strongly recurved or folded back at the base.

a. Scapus of vulva narrower at the base and much less deeply

grooved transversely (corrugated). Apical half of the

scapus with a broad longitudinal groove on the underside,

its extreme apex bent upwards towards the abdomen. . . purpurascens.

ERIOPHORA. 463

6. Scapus of vulva much broader at the base and more deeply

transversely corrugated. Apical two-thirds of the scapus

convex, or somewhat flattened beneath, without a broad

longitudinal groove; its extreme apex straight, not bent

upwards . . 1. we ee eee ee we ee) minaz, O. P.-Cambr.

2. Abdomen with a central cusp posteriorly. Scapus of vulva with

a longitudinal carina in the apical half of the lower side . . edaz.

B. Abdomen with circular bosses (or blisters) on the central dorsal

line.

a. [Typeimmature] . . . ...... . .. . . . variolata, O. P.-Cambr.

6’. [Species not known tome] . . . ..... . . . « ravilla, C. L. Koch.

Nore.—The types of EZ. variolata and E. bivariolata, O. P.-Cambr., are immature, and their distinctive

characters cannot be included in the above Table. I do not know &. ravilla, C. L. Koch, and £. balaustina,

McCook ; the latter is very probably identical with EZ. minax, O. P.-Cambr., and if so, McCook’s name has

priority.

1. Kriophora purpurascens. (Tab. XLIII. figg. 14, 14a, ¢; 15, 15a-f, 2.)

Epeira purpurascens, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 38, t. 7. figg. 4,

4a,6(3),5,5a-c(?)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 226, t. 11. figg. 168 ¢,d (3),

168, 168 a,b (?)?’.

Araneus purpurascens, Ki. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 873 °.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 11:25, 9 18 millim.,

¢. Coxa i. with a hooked spur at its posterior apical margin; iv. without spines. Trochanter iv. with

(usually two) spines beneath. Tibia ii. slightly sinuous, and incrassate towards the apex, with two rows

of six stout spines beneath, those of the inner row quite short, of the outer much longer; the inner dorsal

side with a row of five spines, the outer dorsal and outer side with two rows of three spines each. Femora

i. and 11. with a single series of spines on the anterior side, iii. and iv. with a donble series of spines

beneath. Protarsus ii. with short spines at its base beneath.

Palpus. Tarsal sheath very narrow ; unca of sheath well developed. Cymbium (on the inner side) very large,

strongly geniculate basally, bilobate, the outer lobe with a stout hammer-headed unca on the inner side.

Clavis (on the outer side) simply rounded at its apex, without teeth. Embolus broad, and slightly

hooked and sharp at the apex.

@. Abdomen without definite central, dorsal, apical cusp, simply rounded behind. Femora i., ii. iii., iv. without

a series of spines in front or beneath, but i. and ii. with a few spines on the inner side towards the apical

half. Vulva without lateral sclerites (or ale); scapus strongly recurved forwards basally, its apical

portion enormously prolonged backwards, distinctly grooved transversely (but not so deeply as in

E. minax and EL, edax), deeply channelled dorsally towards the apex, which is bent slightly but abruptly

down.

Femora clothed with bright orange-rust-red hairs. Venter with a large central triangular black patch,

margined with a broad band of rust-red hairs, the lateral band extending forwards and upwards and

becoming broader. In some examples the hairs are pale.

Hab. Mexico, Venta de Zopilote, Muxbal (H. H. Smith); Guaremata (Sarg+); Costa

Rica, San José (Tristan); Panama, Bugaba (Champion1),— VENEZUELA; ANTILLES,

St. Vincent °.

464 ARANEIDEA.

2. Eriophora edax. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 1, la, 4, 3; 2, 2a-f, 2.)

Epeira edax, Blackw. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) xi. p. 30 (1863) °.

3. General structural characters similar to those of EB. purpurascens, except that coxa iv. bears spines (usually

three) in the middle of its apical margin, as well as trochanter iv.; femora iii. and iv. do not present two

such definite series of spines; tibia ii. has fewer spines in the various rows; and protarsus ii. is without

stout spines at the base.

Palpus similar in general character to that of HZ. purpurascens, but the cymbium is nct nearly so strongly or

conspicuously geniculate. The clavis is rounded at the apex, but has two small incurving teeth.

Q. General characters as in Z. purpurascens, but the abdomen always has a low posterior central dorsal cusp,

the shoulders also being often slightly produced. The scapus is not recurved forward and the apical

portion is strongly carinate above. The general coloration is so variable that it is useless to describe

minutely any one variety, but it is usually as follows :—Carapace and legs dull orange, the femora not

black nor clothed with rust-red hairs. Abdomen brown or clay-yellow, with a central narrow white line,

and a broad “\-shaped folium dorsally, its apex directed backwards, reaching to the posterior apical

cusp; the sides are slashed with three narrow dusky bars.

Varieties occur which are absolutely black, and there is every range of colour between these two extremes.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Amula (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Guatemala city (Stoll) ;

Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson); Costa Rica (Rogers), San José (Tristan); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion), Veragua (Boucard).—Brazit, Rio Janeiro !.

3. Eriophora minax. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 3, 3a-e, 2.)

Epeira minax, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 112, t. 15. figg. 1, 1 a—d (2)

(1893)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 16-20°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer), Acaguizotla in Guerrero 1, Atoyac, Vera

Cruz, Teapa (H. H. Smith). '

This large species is very similar to E. purpurascens in general appearance and

structural characteristics, but the hairs on the femora of the legs and on the ventral

area of the abdomen are black, not rust-red. These hairs are, however, also modified

in coloration in many examples of the former. The scapus of the vulva is much

broader basally, more. strongly folded back, and deeply corrugated with transverse

grooves; apically it is enormously prolonged, but has not the broad groove on the

lower side, nor is it apically bent upwards as in E. purpurascens. It is highly probable

that EZ. minaz is identical with EL. balaustina, McCook, recorded by Banks from Tepic.

The figures of the vulva given by McCook are, however, not sufficiently detailed for

comparative purposes, and considering how close the species run, it is safer to keep the

examples in the collection before me under the name they have been described in

Vol. I.

4, Eriophora variolata.

Epeira variolata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 46, t. 6. figg. 14,

14a,5(¢)°.

Epeira bivariolata, McCook, Amer. Spid. i. p. 159, t. 5. figg. 5, 5 a,b (2), 6,6a (8) (nec

O. P.-Cambr.) ?.

ERIOPHORA. 465

° Epeira bivariolata, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 252°; Keyserling, Spinn. Amer.,

Epeiridze, p. 100, t. 5. figg. 74, 74a (3) *.

Type 2, androtype ¢ (both immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 7°75, ¢ 7 millim.

Hab. Norru America 2, California 3, Florida +, Texas +-—Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks *);

GuaTEMALA, Chamiquin, Cubilguitz (Sarg 1).

The circular “ blisters,” as McCook calls them, on the posterior part of the abdomen

are distinct in the type of E. variolata now before me; but as the latter is immature,

one cannot be sure that they are when adult identical with those of the EL. bivariolata

figured by McCook. Both Keyserling and McCook have applied the wrong name to

this species.

5. Eriophora bivariolata. |

Epeira bivariolata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 27, t. 6. figg. 15,

15 a-c (2?) (nec McCook) *.

Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. GuatEMaLa, Chamiquin, Chiacam, Cubilguitz (Sarg ').

‘The two examples seen of this species are not mature; they may very likely prove

to be the young of H. edax. ‘The spiders named E. bivariolata by McCook and

Keyserling are referable to E. variolata.

6. Eriophora ravilla.

Epeira ravilla, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xi. p. 73, fig. 890 (¢) (1845) "; McCook, Amer. Spid.

iii. p. 161, t. 5. figg. 7,7 a (2), 8,8a(d)’.

Hab. Nortu America ?,—Mexico !.

According to McCook, this species is closely allied to E. variolata, O. P.-Cambr.,

having in both sexes characteristic circular blisters (or bosses) on the abdomen. The

vulval scapus in the female and the genital bulb in the male, according to McCook’s

figures, place the species near EL. minax and E. purpurascens.

7. Eriophora balaustina.

Epeira balaustina, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1888, p. 198'; Amer. Spid. im. p. 155, t. 4.

figg. 2, 2a-c (?)”; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 252%.

Type, 2, of E. balaustina, in coll. McCook. Total length 16 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Florida !.—Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks *).—ANTILLES, San

Domingo!; Swan I.?.

This species is in all probability identical with HL. minax, O. P.-Cambr., but it is

safe to leave the Central-American spider under the latter name for the present.

McCook’s figures are insufficiently detailed for purposes of identification.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IL., January 1904. 3 of

466 ARANEIDEA.

NEOSCONA.

Neoscona, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. i. p. 261 (1864).

Type WV. arabesca (Walck.). North America.

. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove; a tubercle above coxa i. Coxa and femur of pedipalp

with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. incrassate, especially towards the base,

with four long spines set close together in the basal third on the underside longitudinally, the two

anterior spines being shorter; near these are 5 or 6 short, stout, dentiform spines: on the inner side

throughout its whole length are 30-40 short, stout, dentiform spines, set in two irregularly paired series,

their apices directed upwards; on the upper part of the inner side are two long spines at the base,

followed by two shorter spines and one much longer one; on the central dorsal line are three long

spines. Protarsus ii. with two specialized spines at the base on the inner side. Femora i, with an

irregular double series of spines (9-7) beneath ; ii. with a double series of 10-9; and iii. and iv. with a

single series beneath (variable in different species). Patella of pedipalp with two long apical spines.

Tarsal sheath with a well-developed uncus at its base. Lateral eye-groups not placed on a prominent

tubercle, situated behind the anterior margin of the base of the mandible. Central anterior eyes

prominent, but not conspicuously so. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved, anterior row also recurved,

the centrals being nearer to the margin of the clypeus. Quadrangle slightly narrower behind, slightly

longer than broad. Posterior centrals half a diameter apart; central anteriors nearly one diameter

apart, the four eyes of the quadrangle being subequal. Lateral eyes almost in contact. Coxe and

trochanters ii—iv. without spines; coxa iv. with a conical spur (absent in some species). Genital bulb

large, with the various organs closely grouped, having no apparent cymbium, but a small clavis on the

outer side, bearing a tooth on the anterior portion, and two other apophyses, an embolus, and a lamelliform

conductor at the apex. Carapace having the anterior lateral margin on each side much developed, forming

a rounded shoulder, abruptly widening out from the cephalic portion, which is gradually narrowed to the

central anterior eyes: this extension of the margin is developed to meet and support the much enlarged

tubercle on the base of coxa i. above and to bear the strain when in use during copulation. Sternum

nearly twice as long as broad.

Eyes practically the same as in the g; the eye-groups being much less prominent. Lower margin of

fang-groove with 3, the upper with 4 teeth. Legs very spinose ; femora i—iv. with a double series of 11

or 12 spines. Protarsi i. and ii. with numerous spines beneath. Carapace not convex behind the eyes.

Sternum slightly longer than broad. Colulus present. Vulva having the scapus and atriolum fused to

form a single piece, more or less concave above towards the apex. Abdomen elongate-oval, without

shoulder- or other tubercles. Abdominal pattern characteristic, consisting of a broad, white, triangular,

anterior, central, dorsal patch, followed to the apex by a narrow, white, tapering, central band, having a

series of four or five conspicuous, black, oblique, oval spots on each side.

The above diagnosis is drawn from examples which I identify as WV. vertebrata

(McCook), the female of which is identical with that of the type of N. oasxacensis

(Keyserl.) now before me.

The vulva is of the type in which the scapus and base and lateral sclerites are fused

together and infolded beneath, with a concave cochlea at its apex.

N. theis (Walck.) and N. cooksoni (Butl.) are so closely allied to the Central-

American forms that I have added descriptions and figures of both for comparison.

Males.

Coxa iv. with a coniform spur beneath.

a’. Tibia ii. with a double, in places treble, series of from 30-40 short,

stout, curved spines on the inner side. Basal portion of underside of

tibia il. with, besides the two long basal spines, a group of 7 or 8

NEOSCONA. 467

shorter spines. The larger lobe of the apex of clavis of genital bulb

broad and somewhat dilate. . . . . . . . oaxacensis, Keys.

é'. Tibia ii. with a double, in places single, series of from 18-20 short,

stout, curved spines. Apex of larger lobe of clavis not dilate, but

bluntly pointed. Basal portion of underside of tibia ii. with the two

long basal spines, but without any smaller ones. . . . . . . « conifera, sp. 0.

6. Coxa iv. without a coniform spur beneath.

a’. Apex of clavis of genital bulb distinctly bilobate, the two lobes formed

by its apex and the lateral sharp curved spine. Tibia ii. with at least

two or three long basal spines on the underside, as well as some outer

marginal spines.

a’. Tibia ii. straight or nearly so.

a‘, Tibia ii. with two or three spines only on the underside. The

clasping-spines on the inner side set in a distinct series and

adpressed to the segment.

a’, Clasping-spines on tibia ii. approximately the same length

throughout (sec. Emerton) . . . . . . . . «+s benjamina, Walck.

b°. Clasping-spines on tibia ii. unequal; several longer basal spines. [theis, Walck.]

b*. Tibia ii. with 9-10 spines on the underside in the basal two-thirds.

The clasping-spines on the inner side more scattered and not

adpressed to the segment. . . . . . 1. 1 ew ww we) «minima, sp. 2.

. Tibia ii. strongly curved, concave on the immer side . . . . . arabesca, Walck.

&. eae of clavis not bilobate, the lateral spine being quite at the apex

and slightly sinuous. Tibia ii. without spines beneath, three outer

marginal ones excepted . . . . 1. 2 ee ee ee ee amulensis, sp. 1.

Females.

A. Femora 1., iL, iii., and sometimes iv., with a double series of spines beneath,

in addition to the normal anterior median-dorsal spines. Abdomen

oval-elongate.

a. Scapus of vulva, seen in profile, distinctly geniculate in the spatulate

apical portion. Abdomen with a central scalloped white band and a

series of six white spots on each side. Median ventral spot very long,

the lateral spots on the genital rima round.

a‘. Size larger, length 12-17 mm. fFemora with very conspicuous stout

spines beneath. Seapus, seen in profile, straighter in the basal

portion. . . . oo. . . . + + + ©6Oaxacensis.

b'. Size smaller, length 6 mm. Femora with spiniform bristles beneath.

Scapus, seen in profile, more convex in the basal portion . . . . conifera.

b. Scapus of vulva, seen in profile, strongly rounded throughout, not

geniculate in the apical spatulate portion ; conspicuously tuberculo-

rugulose above. Spatula broad and short, broadly rounded at the

apex. Abdomen with central white dentate band, without series of

lateral white spots. Median ventral white spot rounded. . . . . [cooksoni, Butl.]

3 of 2

468 ARANEIDEA.

B. Femora i—iv. almost entirely devoid of spines beneath, but with the

normal anterior median dorsal spines. Abdomen triangular-oval, broad

anteriorly, or uniformly oval-circular.

a’, Abdomen triangular-oval, broad anteriorly.

a’. Vulva, seen from above, not transversely broad at base, nor elongate-

triangular. Median ventral white spot not connected with the band

across the genital rima.

a‘. Vulva basally narrower, longer, distinctly geniculate in the

spatulate apical portion. Spatula elongate, narrow, its reflexed

margins connivent behind . . . . . . + + + + + + + bemjamina.

b‘. Vulva basally broader, much shorter, not apically geniculate.

Spatula almost circular, its reflexed margins wide apart, divergent

behind. . . .. . we le . 2 « « « orizabensis, sp. n.

b’. Vulva, seen from above, transversely broad at base, elongate-

triangular. Median ventral spot connected laterally with the band

across the genitalrima . . . ~~... +. + + + + + + + volucripes, Keys.

b*. Abdomen uniformly oval.

a’. Spatula of vulval scapus more or less strongly and marginally dilate

at its base on each side, then constricted . . . . . . . . [theis.]

b°. Spatula of vulval scapus not or scarcely marginally dilate on each

side, not constricted behind the dilatation.

a°®. Scapus of vulva longer ; spatula much narrower where the reflexed

margins blend into the base. . . . . . - + se arabesca.

6°. Scapus of vulva shorter; spatula much broader where the reflexed

margins blend into the base. . . . . . . «se « + + «monima.

Nore.—It is quite possible that with fresh examples some of the variations in colour might be found useful

for distinguishing the species; but one cannot be sure that the ventral white spots are constant. peira

pratensis, Emerton, evidently belongs to this group, but having no authentic examples before me I cannot

give the differential characters ; his figures and description are insufficient for the purpose.

1. Neoscona oaxacensis. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 4, 4a-e, ¢; 5, 5a-c, 2.)

Epeira oaxacensis, Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 121, t. 5. figg. 15, 16(?) °.

Epeira oaxensis (sic), Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 238, t. 12. figg. 178, 178 a (9) °.

Epeira vertebrata, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1888, p. 196, figg. 6-10°; Amer. Spid. i. pp. 74,

120, 248, 252, 298‘; ii. pp. 26, 334°; iii. p. 151, t. 3. fige. 4 (¢), 5 (9), t. 4 figg. 1,

la-e (¢), t. 5. figg. 4, 4a-e (g)°; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 2547.

Type, 2, of WV. oaxacensis, in Mus. Brit.; type g,gynetype 9, of NV. vertebrata, in coll. McCook. Total length,

g 12, 9 17 millim.

3. For the general characters of this species, see the generic diagnosis. The chief specific characters to be

noted are the sharp cone on coxa iv., which it shares in common with JV. conifera; the double series of

30-40 short stout spines on the inner side, and the two long spines and seven or eight short spines on

the, underside, of tibia ii.; and the dilate form of the apex of the clavis of the genital bulb.

9. Carapace yellow-brown, with central and submarginal brown bands ; sternum black, with a central yellow

line. Legs orange-brown ; tibis, protarsi, and tarsi yellow, the tarsi black at the apex only, the other

segments with a basal, median, and apical annulus. Abdomen elongate-oval, very variable in colour; dorsal

NEOSCONA. 469

area brown, sometimes mottled with black or white (often quite pale), with an anterior, variously defined,

triangular, white blotch, followed by a narrow tapering white band, which is sometimes widely dilated in

the region of the second pair of muscular scars and scalloped on the margins, and with a series of five or

six oblique black spots, each with a small triangular white spot on its outer side; lateral area mottled

with white and brown, or dark brown; ventral area darker, with six white spots, the median being

elongate. Femora i. and ii. with a double series of spines beneath,

Vulva. Basal portion narrow and straight, dilated at its base, the apical third strongly geniculate and slightly

recurved, constricted near its apex, forming a circular concave spoon. Beneath the posterior part of the

reflexed margin lies a small tubercle on each side, forming the termination of an inner chitinous rim, and

having beneath it on each side the genital orifice. Seen directly from above, the apical spoon is about

twice as long as broad.

Hab. Nortu America’, San Diego in California *7.—Mexico, Ciudad in Durango

(Forrer), Rincon, Acapulco, Dos Caminos (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Sallé, in coll. Key-

serling!); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

McCook also quotes 4 the Galapagos Islands as a locality, but it is possible that he

has overlooked the difference between VV. cooksoni, the type of which came from these

islands, and his own species. He draws no comparison between JV. theis (Walck.) and

N. vertebrata, obviously very closely allied, a fact he does not even mention; while

other species that evidently belong to this group are scattered about in his work,

without even a hint to show that the author had any idea of their near relationship.

One cannot, of course, be quite certain that my identification of McCook’s species is

correct; I am pretty sure, however, in spite of the three teeth figured on the tarsal

sheath of the palpus (t. 5. fig. 4) of the male, that the forms before me are really

identical with IV. vertebrata, and these do not differ from WN. oaxacensis (Keyserl.), of

which the type ( @ ) is now before me.

2. Neoscona conifera, sp.n. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 6, 6a, 6, 6; 7, 7a, 6, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length, ¢ 6, 9 6-10 millim.

¢g. Similar in general characters to VV. oaxacensis, except that it is much smaller; the spinulation of tibia ii.

is different ; and the apex of the clavis of the genital bulb is not dilate. Tibia ii. has one or two spines,

at most, at the base on the underside, and a less numerous series (20-27) on the inner side. From the

other species of the genus it may at once be recognized by the coniform spur on coxa iv.

Q. Carapace dull yellow, with a broad submarginal and narrow central brown band. Sternum black, with

a pale anterior central line. Mouth-parts brown at the base, yellow apically. Mandibles dull yellow.

Legs pale yellow, the femora becoming a shade darker towards the apex ; patellw very slightly suffused

with pale brown at the tip; tibize with a faint basal and a large apical annulus ; protarsi with a basal,

central, and apical annulus, the latter the most distinct ; tarsi with an apical brown annulus. Abdomen

black, with the usual central white anterior triangle and posterior scalloped white band, more or less

variegated centrally with brown ; the usual five or six lateral black spots on the margin with tufts of

white hair; upper lateral area white, speckled with brown; lower lateral area black, with two or three

dentations on the upper margin; below this and anteriorly the area is white; ventral area deep black,

with an anterior and a posterior pair of small, round, and a median pair of elongate, white spots, Legs

with long and numerous spines. Femora i. and ii. with a double series of spines, but the outer series is

represented by mere bristles ; iii. with two basal series of long bristles; iv. with scarcely any.

Vulva. Very similar to that of WV. oawacensis, but in a profile view the upper (?. ¢. anterior) margin is more

convex.

470 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, San José

(Sarg).

It is possible that WV. conifera may be a dwarf form only of WV. oaxracensis ; but in

the examples of the male the differential characters are distinct and constant, and in

the female the convexity of the base of the vulva is quite evident in the few examples

before me.

3. Neoscona benjJamina. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 8, 8a, 6, 2.)

Epeira benjamina, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 42'; Abbot, Georgian Spid. figg. 126, 351°; McCook,

Amer. Spid. ii. p. 147, t. 1. figg. 7, 7a, 6, t. 2. fig. 4, t. 28. fig. 18 (2), t. 1. figg. 7c,

t. 2. fig. 5(¢)?.

Epeira benjamini, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 134, t. 7. figg. 100, 100 a, b(2)*.

Epeira domiciliorum, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 469, t. 30. fig. 7 (2)°; Spid. U.S.

(ed. Burgess), p. 108, t. 12. fig. 7 (¢)°; Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 312,

t. 33. fig. 17 (2), t. 86. figg. 1,4 (¢)”.

Epeira hentzii, Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 97, t. 5. figg. 10, 11(¢9)°.

Type of E. hentzi in coll. Dr. L. Koch, Nuremberg. Total length (sec. McCook), ¢ 6, 2 15 millim.

2. Identified from examples in coll. Keyserling (Mus. Brit.), labelled by him F. hentzii=E. domiciliorum,

Hentz, these agreeing sufficiently with McCook’s description of VV. benjamina (Walck.).

Carapace unicolorous brown, paler in the centre. Abdomen with the folium as figured on our Plate. Legs

annulate, femora i. and ii. less distinctly ; tibie and protarsi i. and ii. with a median, as well as a basal

and apical, annulus, ii. and iv. without the median. Central white spot on the ventral area oval. Posterior

central eyes less, and the anterior centrals more, than a diameter apart, both being three diameters from

the laterals. Femora i. and ii. without rows of spines beneath. Vulva strongly geniculate at the apex ;

apex of scapus oval-elongate, narrowed about the middle and deeply concave, the infra-marginal tubercle

prominent when seen from above.

The male, according to Emerton, has tibia ii. straight, or nearly so, and armed with a double row of short spines

on the inner side, the basal spines being scarcely longer than the rest, thus differing from the same sex

of WV. trivittata (Keys.), in which tibia ii. is strongly curved. No mention is made by Keyserling,

Emerton, or McCook of a cone on coxa iv., so that this is probably absent.

Hab. Norta America '~®, California *.—Mexico (coll. Keyserling, in Mus. Brit.).

4. [Neoscona theis. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 9,9 a-d, ¢; 10, 10 a-d, 2.)

Epeira theis, Walck. Ins. Apt. 11. p. 538, t. 18. fig. 4 (1840) (?)*.

Epeira mangareva, Walck. op. cit. iv. p. 469°; Thorell, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. p. 65 (1878) *;

op. cit. xvii. p. 115 (1881) *.

Epeira triangulifera, Thorell, loc. cit. p. 65°.

Epeira ventricosa, E. longispina, E. multispina, E. etheridgei, E. festiva, E. obscura, Rainbow,

Mem. Austral. Mus. ii. pp. 110-120, tt. 3, 4°.

[Nec E. theisit, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 246; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 166;

Simon, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 874.]

Examples, ¢ and @, in Mus. Brit., from Funafuti. Total length, ¢ 7 , 2 12 millim.

¢. Differs from NV. oaxacensis and NV. contfera in wanting the conical spur on coxa iv., and in having fewer

spines on the inner side of tibia ii.; and from the American species without a spur on coxa iv. in the

NEOSCONA. A471

number and character of the spines on tibia ii. (see Plate). The spine on the clavis of the genital bulb

is curved, and its point parallel with the apex of the main portion.

_Q. Carapace deep brown, paler in the middle. Mandibles, coxee and trochanters of legs, mouth-parts, and

sternum deep brown, the latter with a pale central line. Palpi and legs orange-yellow-brown annulated

with black ; femora with an apical annulus and often a central indistinct ring or merely suffused dorsally

with black ; tibie and protarsi with an apical, median, and basal ring; patelle with an apical annulus ;

tarsi with the apices black. Abdomen deep brown or black, with the normal central dorsal white band,

entire or scalloped, entirely white or mottled with black. ‘The five black lateral spots are lost in the

ground-colour, but are often margined posteriorly with white; lateral area with a broad broken white

band ; ventral area deep brown, with the usual six white spots—one on each side of the vulva, a pair

midway to, and another smaller pair (wider apart) in front of, the spinners. The colours and markings

are probably extremely variable.

Vulva. The scapus of the vulva is not, as in WV. oawacensis and N. conifera, geniculate in the apical portion,

nor rounded, seen in profile, as in NV. cooksoni, but much straighter from base to apex; while the cochlea

is longer, narrower, and more bluntly pointed at the apex, and the scapus is not dorsally tuberculo-

rugulose.

Hab. Marianne Is.; Funarutr®; Guam!; CeLepes; AMBOINA 3 >.

The male of this species in general appearance is very like a small V. oaxacensis,

but it is quite distinct from that and other American forms. |

5. Neoscona minima, sp.n. (Tab. XLIV. fige. 11, lla, b,¢; 12,124, 4, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 7 millim. ;

3. Similar in general characters to JV. theis and N. arabesca (trivittata, Keyserl.). Carapace yellow-brown,

with the central strie black. Legs yellow, without annulations; sternum yellow, margins narrowly

banded with brown. Abdomen with a dusky dorsal folium, bearing the usual white central band, having

on the apical half the usual series of six oblique black spots on each side, and immediately in front of the

first pair of these a more conspicuous white spot. Tibia 1i., seen from beneath, straight, with a single

long spine curving across inwards on the underside at the base, besides other short spines, of which there

are four or five on the central area, and a median outer series of three or four, the number and character

of the latter, so far as the length is concerned, varying in different individuals; on the inner side are

about twelve separate spines, not very stout nor curving downwards, more scattered and not ranged in

any definite serial manner. Femora i.—iv. almost devoid of spines beneath, but in some examples there

are three or four onii., iii.,andiv. The clavis of the genital bulb has the lateral spine closer to the apex

than in WN. theis and others. Coxa iv. is without a conical spur.

9. Carapace yellow-brown, with broad marginal and central dark bands. Legs dull yellow, with faint

annulations on the femora, patelle, and tibia. Sternum brown, with a broad central pale band. Mouth-

parts brown at the base. Abdomen globular-oval, sometimes more pointed apically ; dark brown, dull

yellow, or yellow-white ; with a central dorsal dark longitudinal area, or folium, having the usual white

central band, with five or six oblique lateral dark spots on each side in the apical half, and always with a

very conspicuous and isolated small white spot in front of the first of the lateral black spots, on each

side ; upper lateral area white, the lower area dark brown; ventral area with a series of three white spots

on each side and one on each side of the spinners, the genital rima being paler in some examples.

Vulva very similar to that of NV. arabesca in shape, but with the scapus shorter and the spatula not narrowed

where it joins the base. In both species the basal portion is dilated and more or less abruptly marked

off from the spatula, thus differing from that of N. volucripes.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa, Orizaba, Mexico city (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Cahabon,

Coban, Chicoyoito (Sarg).

In general appearance this species closely resembles NV. arabesca (trivittata, Keys.),

and if it were not for the perfectly distinct form of tibia ii. of the males one would

472 ARANEIDEA.

never suspect them to be different. Amongst the numerous examples before me,

however, from Central America, there is not a single male with the form of tibia il.

characteristic of WV. arabesca, as pointed out by Emerton and confirmed by an examination

of Keyserling’s types of LE. trivittata. It 1s possible that with fresh examples one

might discover points of difference in colour which were constant. |

6. Neoscona arabesca. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 13, 13a, 6, ¢; 14, 14a, 4, 2).

Epeira arabesca, Walck. Tabl. des Aran. p. 63°; Ins. Apt. il. p. 74°; Abbot, Georgian Spid.

nos. 331-346°; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. pp. 80, 148, t. 1. figg. 8, 84a, t. 2. figg. 6, 7 (2);

t. 1. fig. 86 (g)*.

Epeira trivittata, Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 95, t. 5. fige. 6,7 (2),

8,9(3)°; Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 172, t. 8. figg. 127, 127 a, 6(?)°3; Emerton, Trans.

Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 311, t. 33. figg. 16, 16a (¢), t. 86. figg. 2, 3, 4, 5 (f),8 (%)'s

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 254°.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, of NV, trivittata (Keyserl.), in Mus. Brit. Total length, ¢ 45, 2 7:2 millim.

$. Similar in general characters to the same sex of WV. minima, but at once distinguishable by the curved form

of tibia ii. This segment, seen from the underside, is strongly curved, concave on the inner side, with

two basal spines beneath, the outer one larger and curved across towards the inner side, and one outer

marginal spine towards the base ; the central area, beneath, has no spines (thus differing also from that

of V. minima) ; the inner side has three long spines on the basal prominence and four shorter spines on

the basal half, beyond these is a single series of about 7 short stout spines curving upwards. Femora i.

without spines beneath ; ii. with a series of 5 or 6 spines in the apical half beneath ; and iii. and iv. with

a series of 5 or 6 spines beneath. The lateral spine of the clavis of the genital bulb is nearer the base

than the apex. Coxa iv. is without a conical spur.

9. Colour almost precisely similar to that of V. minima. The scapus of the vulva, however, presents, in all

the examples before me, a constant difference: the base is dilated and the spatula is much narrower

where its reflexed margins meet, while the whole scapus is slightly, but constantly, longer.

Hab. Nort America ! 45 67,—Mexico, Guaymas, Tepic, Orizaba (jide Banks ®).

There is nothing to show that the species identified and described by McCook as

N. arabesca (Walck.) (=trivittata, Keyserl.) is not really identical with the original,

and his decision on the point must therefore be accepted.

I doubt whether it really occurs in Mexico, for out of numerous examples which

might be taken for it, none present the characters found in the type of WN. trivittata.

Our figures are taken from North-American specimens.

7. Neoscona amulensis, sp.n. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 15, 15a, b, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

S$. Very similar to NV. theis, except as regards the spinulation of tibia ii.; and differing from NV. minima in

having the central area of the same segment without spines beneath. The spur on the clavis of the

genital bulb is blunt, slightly sinuous, and quite at the apex. Tibia ii. beneath with three long outer

marginal ordinary spines (no large basal or central spines), an inner marginal series of 9-10 specialized

spines, two basal spines (these are really on the inner side of the segment), and three ordinary dorsal

spines.

Hab. Mexico, Amula (17. H. Smith).

NEOSCONA. | 473

This spider may be the male of W. volucripes ; but since McCook has also described

a deuterotype male of Keyserling’s species, I am not at all sure that his specimen is

identical with the male here described.

[8. Neoscona cooksoni. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 16, 16a, b, 2.)

Epeira cooksonii, Butl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 76, t. 13. figg. 2, 2 a-c (2).

Type, 2, in Mus. Prit. Total length 17 millim.

Very like WV. oawacensis in general appearance, but legs iii. and iv. are not annulate, and the median ventral

spot is large and circular, characters which have probably little value. The form of the vulva is, however,

quite distinct, neither apically geniculate, but very broadly rounded, nor constricted, the base very convex,

in profile, and dorsally strongly tuberculato-rugulose.

Hab. Gauapacos Is., Albemarle I. 4.

McCook refers his examples from the same locality to V. vertebrata. |

9. Neoscona orizabensis, sp.n. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 17, 17 a, 5, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 16 millim.

©. Carapace unicolorous brown, darker marginally. Sternum brown, with a pale central band. Legs orange-

brown, tibize, protarsi, and tarsi yellow ; femora i. and ii. annulate with black at the base, and iii. and iv.

at the base and apex ; tibie, protarsi, and tarsi annulate with black at the apex. Abdomen triangular-

oval, dark olive-brown, paler anteriorly on the dorsal area, having the central band ill-defined, and the

series of oblique lateral spots, though present, not always conspicuous ; lateral area varying in colour from

olive-brown to yellow-brown ; ventral area black, with the pair of median white spots large, round, and

conspicuous, the others less so. Mandibles and base of mouth-parts brown. Femora without series of

spines beneath.

Vulva of the same general character as that of the rest of the group, but quite distinct. It is shorter from

base to apex than in JV. cooksoni, and broader in proportion, though very much curved, in profile,

presenting a more squat appearance ; the apical spoon is broadly rounded, and the infra-marginal tubercle

strongly developed.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith).

This species is very similar in general appearance to JV. benjamina, but if the form

of the vulva is any criterion, it is quite distinct.

10. Neoscona volucripes. (Tab. XLIV. figg. 18, 18a, 4, 2.)

Epeira volucripes, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiv. p. 528, t. 13. fig. 27 (?) (1884) °;

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 199, t. 9. figg. 147, 147 a (¢)*; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 162,

t. 6. figg. 1, la, 6 (2),2,2a(38)’.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length 9°5 millim.

Q. Very variable in colour. Carapace yellow-brown, with broad marginal brown suffusions. Legs yellow-

brown; femora with the apical two-thirds (often entirely) black; tibie and protarsi i. and ii. not

annulate, iii. and iv. annulated with black. Abdomen usually dark brown or black, with the normal

narrow scalloped pale band and five lateral black spots; lateral area black, its upper margins dentate and

running up at points into the white upper lateral area; ventral area dull yellow-brown, with the usual

white spots, but the median pair are the more conspicuous. Femora i.—iv. without spines beneath.

Vulva similar in general character to that of others of the group, but more lamelliform, seen in profile. As

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER,, Arachn. Aran., Vol. IL., January 1904. 3 Pt

474 ARANEIDEA.

seen from above, it is broad at the base and gradually narrowed to the bluntly rounded apex, forming an

isosceles triangle, the lateral margins being slightly sinuous, but nowhere so constricted as to mark off

the spoon-like apical portion from the basal portion ; the infra-marginal tubercle with the orifice on each

side is present; the spoon itself is very shallow.

Hab. Norta AmeErica2.—Mexico, Amula (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, San José

(Sarg); Panama (coll. Keyserling }*).—Harrt * 2.

Both Emerton and McCook have determined N. vulgaris (Hentz) to be identical

with the American form of Araneus sclopetarius, Clerck, and the mere statement by

Mr. Banks [Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 254] that the former species is identical

with WV. volucripes, Keyserl., is not sufficient to upset the first (Emerton’s)

determination.

NEOSCONELLA, gen. nov.

Type N. styligera, sp.n. Guatemala.

g. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove; a small tubercle above coxa i, Coxa and femur of

pedipalp with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. not incrassate, with three

long spines beneath in the median third of the segment, four stout spines on the upper margin of the

inner side and two on the lower margin in the apical third of the segment. Protarsus ii. with a single

spine on the outside about the middle. Femora i. and ii. with a double series of fine spines beneath ;

iii, and iv. with a single series. Patella of pedipalp with two apical spines. Tarsal sheath bearing a

well-developed uncus at its base. Lateral eye-groups not projecting forwards, situated well behind the

anterior margin of the base of the mandible. Central anterior eyes prominent, but not specially so.

Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved; anterior row also slightly recurved. Quadrangle narrower

behind ; posterior centrals slightly smaller, one-third of a diameter apart; anterior centrals a full

diameter apart. Coxe and trochanters ii., iii., and iv. without cusps or spines. Palpal bulb bearing a

very small bifid clavis, without a large cymbium, but with a lamella on the outer side, under the

upper margin of which lies a conspicuous stylum.

Q. Posterior central eyes separated by less than a diameter, not smaller than the anterior centrals, which

are one full diameter apart. Central quadrangle distinctly narrower behind, not longer than broad ;

both rows recurved. Laterals almost in contact, anteriors slightly larger, not situated on a tubercle.

Lower margin of fang-groove with three, upper with four teeth. Femora i—iv. without spines beneath.

Patelle i.iv. with a stout apical spine. Carapace not raised or convex behind the eyes. Sternum

not, or slightly, longer than broad. Scapus of vulva not fused to the basal portion, free, not specially

looped back. Abdomen oval, without shoulder-tubercles.

Nors.—In other species of the genus tibia i1. of the male is incrassate and differently spined.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows:

Males.

a. Femora of legs i. and ii. without black lines in front, either

unicolorous yellow or more or less suffused with brown.

a’. The stylum (fig. 1, s¢.) lyimg beneath the upper margin of the

lamina of the palpal bulb, slender, uniformly parallel-sided,

blunt at its apex. ©... ee ee ee ee

b. The stylum (fig. 8, st.) of the palpal bulb constricted basally,

oblong-oval, terminating ina sharp point. . . . . . . . solersioides, O. P.-Cambr.

_§. Femora of legs i. and ii. with three narrow black lines in front . . lineatipes, O. P.-Cambr.

styligera, sp. n.

NEOSCONELLA. 475

Females.

a. Femora of legs i. and ii. unicolorous yellow or suffused with brown,

without black lines in front.

a’. Scapus of vulva very broad basally, triangular, not constricted

towards the apex. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1 1 1 1 ee ee ese Styligera.

6'. Scapus of vulva not, or scarcely, broader towards its base,

elongate, parallel-sided, straight or sinuous, always more or

less constricted at the base of the apical spoon-like cavity.

a’, Carapace, mandibles, and sternum pale yellow . . . . . solersioides.

6°. Carapace, mandibles, and sternum deep brown or almost

black.

a*. Ventral area without white spot behind the genital rima

(see also Plate for abdominal pattern and the character

ofthe vulva) . ..... . . ee . . . expleta, O. P.-Cambr.

b*. Ventral area with one or a pair of white spots behind the

genital rima.

a‘. Ventral area with a pair of spots behind the genital

rima (see also Plate) . . . . . habilis, O. P.-Cambr.

b*. Ventral area with a single white spot behind the genital

rima (see also Plate) . . . . . we . . . guttata, sp. n.

6. Femora of legs i, and ii. with three narrow black lines in front . . lneatipes.

1. Neosconella styligera, sp.n. (Tab. XLV. figg. 1, la, 3; 2, 2a-c, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 7°5 millim.

For the structural characters of both sexes, see the generic diagnosis.

3. Carapace red-brown, the sutures tinged with darker brown. Legs yellow, femur i., apex of femur ii.,

and tibise i—iv. tinged with brown. Abdomen mottled dark brown, with the pale folium characteristic

of the members of this genus consisting of a large anterior semicircular blotch, squarely truncate

behind, and often more or less broken up crosswise in the middle, continued towards the spinners as a

narrow, slightly scalloped band pointed behind; flanked on each side by a row of six more or less

conspicuous black spots. Ventral area with an indistinct white spot behind the genital rima and two

white dots on each side of the spinners.

©. Similar in general character to the g, but with the carapace and abdomen not so dark, nor are the legs

suffused with brown. Vulva quite distinct from that of the allied species in having the scapus

triangular, very broad basally, with the usual shallow cavity (spatula) at its apex.

Hab, GuateMaLa (Sarg).

2. Neosconella solersioides. (Tab. XLV. figg. 38, 3; 4, 4a-9, 2.)

Epeira solerstoides, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 25, t.7. figg. 15, 15 a—c (3);

Banks, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (8) 1. p. 254.

Type 6, deuterotype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 9 5 millim,

3 fully developed, but probably not quite mature. Carapace, mandibles, sternum, and legs white;

tibiee i. and ii. with a faint brown tinge at their apex. Abdomen with the normal white central foliam

(see figure of 9 var. on Plate); sides and ventral area cretaceous-white,

3 Pt

476 ARANEIDEA.

Palpus. Clavis of the bulb deeply bifid, forming a little fork, as in other allied forms, but the lateral

lamina is characteristic in shape, as well as the stylum lying beneath and above its upper margin

(see Plate).

Tibia ii. has three spines on the outer margin of the apical half beneath; three long spines on the inner

side, with five or six short spines.

Q. Similar in colour to the ¢. Vulva characteristic (see Plate). One cannot be sure that the variety

figured (4a) really belongs to the same species, but in the absence of sufficient material, it is better

perhaps not to describe it as distinct.

Tab. Lower Cattrornta, San José del Cabo?.—MExico, Tepic (fide Banks’),

Omilteme, Chilpancingo, Tepetlapa, Vera Cruz, Teapa (H. 4. Smith); PANaMa,

Bugaba (Champion 1).

3. Neosconella lineatipes. (Tab. XLV. figg. 5, ¢ ; 6, 6a-c, 2.)

Epeira lineatipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 30, t. 7. figg. 17,

17 a-c (S$), 18, 18 a, 6(%)’; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 190, t. 9. figg. 141 b,¢(¢),

141, 141 a (9)?

Type ¢, gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g @, 3°5 millim.

3. Carapace yellow, with the cephalic sutures suffused with black, forming a V-shaped area, with a short

lateral branch on each side behind the lateral eyes. Mandibles yellow, with black markings, sternum

and mouth-parts yellow. Legs yellow ; apex of tibiw i. and ii. tinged with brown; femora i. and ii.

with three fine black lines extending down their entire length in front. Abdomen pale yellow, with

the folium delicately and narrowly outlined in black, which is on the same plan as in other allied

forms; lateral areas and anterior margin speckled with black; ventral area with indistinct dusky

blotches behind the genital rima and in front of the spinners. Femora i. and ii. with six or seven long

stout spines (more prominent on femur ii.) on the posterior margin.

Palpus. Clavis of the genital bulb not bifid at its apex, but forming a long stout spur, with a much shorter

spur at its base. The lamella is of a different shape to that of the allied forms (see Plate), while the

stylum is very small, falciform, with its apex sharp and slightly recurved.

Q. Similar in colour to the male, but tibia iii, and iv. have also their apex tinged with brown, and the

abdominal folium is not outlined with black in the same manner (see Plate). The black lines on

femora i. and ii. are conspicuous and characteristic of the species.

Vulva. The scapus is longer and more sinuously curved than in the allied forms, while the lateral sclerites

project more forwards beyond the central sclerite.

Hab. Guatemata2, Santa Ana (Sarg!), Guatemala city (Champion ').

4, Neosconella expleta. (Tab. XLV. figg. 7, 7a, 6, 2.)

Epeira expleta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 25, t. 6. figg. 11,

lla-c(?)’.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Carapace and mandibles dark brown; legs orange, apices of all the segments more or less suffused with

brown. Sternum dark brown. .Abdomen yellow, with a large central black-brown folium having

three narrow lateral diverticula, which isolate four large pale lateral spots, and then join the

black-brown lateral area, the latter being divided from the brown ventral area by a broad pale band

on each side, these two bands meeting in front, but not quite reaching the spinners behind ; ventral

area black, without a white spot near the genital rima.

Vulva. The form of the scapus is characteristic, as also is that of the lateral and central sclerites (see Plate).

Hab. Guatema.a, Senahu in Vera Paz (Sarg').

NEOSCONELLA.—MANGORA. A477

This species is very similar in general appearance to W. guttata, but in the single

specimen before me there is no central pale folium as in the latter species, and the

vulva is, of course, also quite distinct in form. |

5. Neosconella habilis. (Tab. XLV. figg. 8, 8a, b, 2.)

Epeira habilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 28, t. 8. figg. 3,3 a-d (2)';

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 220, t. 10. fig. 163, 163 @ (2?) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5-8°5 millim.

Carapace brown, with the central cephalic and thoracic areas and margins paler. Mandibles brown, with

a pale central area. Legs yellow; femora i. and ii. apically suffused with brown, the apices of the

other segments being also more or less distinctly tinged with brown, especially that of tibia iv.

Abdomen cretaceous-yellow, with the posterior half of a dark brown folium only present; lateral areas

deep brown, divided from the dark brown ventral area by a broad pale band, the two bands united in

front and almost reaching the spinners behind; ventral area deep brown, with a pair of white spots

behind the genital rima.

This characteristic coloration of the abdomen is due to the blending of the anterior pale semicircular portion

of the normal folium with the pale lateral bands and the absence of the attenuated apical portion of

the folium. In some examples the normal form of the folium obtains. Vulva characteristic (see

Plate).

Hab. Guaremata 2, Chilasco, Coban, Antigua (Sarg ').

6. Neosconella guttata, sp.n. (Tab. XLV. figg. 9, 9a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8°5 millim.

Carapace and mandibles purple-black; legs deep orange, femora i. and ii. and apical third of iii. and iv, suffused

with brown ; apices of the other segments, except protarsi 1. and i1., tinged with brown. Sternum black-

brown. Abdomen rich chocolate-brown, having a central yellow folium and four yellow spots on each

side; the dark lateral areas are separated from the dark ventral area by a broad pale band, the two

bands meeting in front, but not reaching the spinners behind, the ventral area with a single round

yellow spot behind the genital rima. Vulva characteristic (see Plate).

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith).

MANGORA.

Mangora, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 13 (1889).

Abbotia, McCook, Amer. Spid. i. p. 239 (1895).

Type of Mangora, M. picta, O. P.-Cambr.; of Abbotia, A. yibberosa (Hentz).

Carapace more or less gibbous or convex posteriorly, with a long central furrow. Central quadrangle of eyes

narrower in front; central posterior eyes larger, often much larger than the laterals; anterior row of eyes

recurved, Sternum as broad as long, broadly produced between coxe iv. Spines on the legs very long,

especially in the male; protarsi i. and ii. furnished with spines on the basal third only. Tibia iii. (and

to a less extent iv.) furnished on the anterior basal third, in both sexes, with a cluster of 8-10 long,

slender, curved cilia, or two diagonal rows of 7 or 8 cilia each.

g. Tibia ii. sometimes bearing two or three special spines beneath. Coxa i. with a stout hook, correlated

with a deep groove on femur ii, The patella of the palpus with a single spine, or stout bristle, only at

its apex above.

478 ARANEIDEA.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Femur iv. without a spinule at the base on the inner side.

a. Coxa iv. without a sharp conical spur.

a’. Embolus at apex of palpal bulb quite short, broad, and slightly

curved. Bulb with a small, broad, hook-like process on the

outer side beneath

6’. Embolus of palpal bulb long, slender, circularly curved.

a’. Embolus much longer, basally taking a large circular curve,

apically sinuous. Conductor with a long, slender, cylin-

drical, curved spur . ee eee

b°. Embolus shorter, forming a semicircular or almost circular

curve throughout its length. Conductor without a long

spur . wee wh el

6. Coxa iv. with a sharp conical spur, besides some smaller tubercles.

B. Femur iv. with a black spinule articulated at the base beneath .

Females.

A. Central posterior eyes, including the black eye-spots, not con-

spicuously larger than the lateral posteriors, and one to two

diameters from them.

a. Size larger. Central posterior eyes two diameters from the

lateral posteriors. See also figure of the vulva . .

b. Size smaller. Central posterior eyes only one diameter from the

lateral posteriors.

a’. Vulva with a conspicuous tongue-like process springing from

beneath the upper margin of the vulval sclerite, which is

deeply emarginate in the middle ; .

b. Vulva with a broad, semicircular, tongue-like process springing

from the upper margin of the vulval sclerite itself, not from

beneath it a

B. Central posterior eyes, including the black eye-spots, very much

larger than the lateral posteriors and only one-fourth of a diameter

or less from them.

a’. Vulval sclerite, seen in profile, not conspicuously produced.

a’. Vulval sclerite, seen from above, deeply emarginate in the

middle in the form of a large semicircle . .

b°. Vulval sclerite, seen from above, not emarginate in the middle,

but produced into a small pointed projection . soe

b*. Vulval sclerite, seen in profile, conspicuously produced ; its apex

furnished with a pair of quadrate plates separated by a narrow

groove .

bimaculata, O. P.-Cambr.

calcarifera, sp. 0D.

picta, O. P.-Cambr.

mobilis, O. P.-Cambr.

spinula, sp. n.

bimaculata.

passiva, O. P.-Cambr.

mobilis.

trilineata, O. P.-Cambr.

calcarifera.

picta.

MANGORA. 479

1. Mangora bimaculata, (Tab. XLV. figg. 10,10, ¢; ll, lla, °.)

Epeira bimaculata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p, 21, t. 6. figg. 12,

12a-c (3), 18, 18 a-c (¢)'; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 260, t. 13. figg. 194,

194.4, 6 (2), 194¢c,d(¢d)?.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2°25, 2 7 millim.

This species, in the female sex at all events, is much larger than others of the genus here recorded, but

otherwise, except that the posterior central eyes are smaller in proportion and much further away from

the laterals, the general characters are the same. ‘The cilia on tibia ili. are very conspicuous, arranged

in two diagonal rows of 7-8. The embolus of the male palpus is short and broad; there is a small

conspicuous serrated lamina at the base of the embolus and a conspicuous hook-like clavis. Tibia ii. has

two special spines beneath.

In the male sex the eyes are less widely separate.

The vulva of the female is very characteristic: the upper margin is produced into a small rounded tongue,

while beneath on each side lies a conspicuous concave sclerite,

Hab. GuaTEMALA?, Chicoyoito, Cahabon, Quirigua (Sarg!); Panama, Veragua

(Boucard 1).

2. Mangora calcarifera, sp.n. (Tab. XLV. figg. 12, 12a, 6,3; 13, 134, °.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 3 3, 2 4:5 millim.

General characters in both sexes as in M. picta. In the male, tibia ii. has two special spines beneath; the

embolus of the palpus is very long, slender, apically sinuous; the conductor has a long, slender,

cylindrical spur, but there is no long clavis as in M. spinula, nor any cusps or spines on the fourth pair

of legs. For the vulva of the female, see table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua, Petexbatun (Sarg).

3. Mangora picta. (Tab. XLV. figg. 14, ¢; 15,154, 2.)

Mangora picta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 14, t. 3. figg. 5, 5 a-c (¢),

6, 6a-c ( 2)’.

Type 3, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2°5, 2 3-25 millim.

General characters of both sexes as in the generic diagnosis ; the posterior central eyes much larger than the

laterals, and less than one-fourth a diameter from them. ‘Tibia ii. of the male with three special spines

beneath. Embolus of the palpal bulb small and circularly curved; conductor without a long spur;

and no clavis. The vulva of the female is characteristic, see table and Plate.

Hab. Guatemaa, Choctum, Yzabal (Sarg 1).

The specimens from the other localities quoted in Vol. I. belong to different species.

4, Mangora mobilis. (Tab. XLV. figg. 16, 16a, 6, ; 17,174, 2.)

Epeira mobilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 30, t. 6. figg. 1, la-e (2)

(1889) *; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 240, t. 12. figg. 179,179 a (¢) (1893) *.

Type 2, deuterotype ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 4°5, ¢ 3 millim.

General characters (except those of the posterior central eyes) of the male as in M. picta. Coxaiv. with a

conical spur, besides two or three tubercles. Embolus of palpus broad and sinuous; the conductor

short and broad, without a long spur; while there is a characteristic clavis, with two sharp curved prongs.

480 ARANEIDEA.

Tibia ii. has two specialized spines beneath. Eye-spots of central posteriors of female slightly larger than

the lateral eyes, and one diameter from them. Vulva with a prominent central tongue-like process, net

found in any of the other species here referred to, except M. passiva, in which it is shorter and springs

from above the vulval sclerite, not from beneath, as in MZ. mobilis.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer'), Teapa (H. #. Smith!); GuaTEMALA ”,

Motagua Valley, Chicoyoito (Sarg ').

5. Mangora spinula, sp.n. (Tab. XLV. figg. 18, 184, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

General characters as in M. picta. Tibia ii. without spines beneath ; femur iv. with a stout basal spine

beneath. Embolus of palpus stout and sinuously curved, but not so long or slender as in M. calcarifera ;

conductor long, slender, cylindrical, slightly recurved apically; the bulb bears also on the outer side

beneath a long slender clavis.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

6. Mangora passiva. (Tab. XLV. figg. 19, 19a, 2.)

Epeira passiva, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 20, t. 5. fige. 4, 4a—-c (?)’.

Mangora passiva, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. x *.

Type, @, incoll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

General characters as in M. picta, except that the posterior central eyes are smaller and more remote from the

laterals. The abdomen is also much more richly variegated, and the carapace and legs more deeply

tinged with rich orange-red-brown. For vulva, see table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Cahabon, San Juan Chamelco,

‘Tactic, Chichochoc, Laguna de los Coheteros, Coban (Sarg ').

7. Mangora trilineata. (Tab. XLV. figg. 20, 20a, 2.)

Mangora trilineata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr. Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 14, t. 3. figg. 7,

7a,6(¢)°.

‘Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

General characters as in M. picta. For the vulva, see table and Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (F. D. G.), Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremaza, Chiacam

(Sarg ').

The specimens from the other localities quoted in Vol. I. belong to different species.

| MARXIA.

Marxia, McCook, Amer. Spid. ii. p. 192 (1895).

Type UM. stellata (Walck.). North America.

3g. No hook on coxa i. and no groove on femur ii. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and

chitinous ridge respectively. Coxa iv. with a coniform spur. Tibia ii. not incrassate, nor with any

specialized spines. Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine ; tarsal sheath with a chitinous uncus.

3 & 2. Posterior central eyes one diameter apart, smaller than the anterior centrals. Central quadrangle

slightly narrower behind, not longer than broad, anterior eyes three-fourths of a diameter apart.

Posterior row straight or slightly procurved; laterals subequal, almost in contact, distant from the

MARXIA.—VERRUCOSA. 481

posterior centrals three times the Space occupied by the latter; the laterals are overhung behind by

a sharp angle forming the termination of a slight chitinous ridge extending about halfway towards

the posterior centrals, Anterior row strongly procurved, the centrals being twice as far from the

margin of the clypeus as are the laterals. Boss on the base of the mandible strongly marked. Teeth

on lower margin of the fang-groove five in number, the fourth very small. Legs short, clothed with very

short spines; femora i. and ii. with scarcely any spines at all beneath; protarsus and tarsus i. shorter

than patella and tibia i. Carapace very convex behind the eyes. Sternum at least one-half longer than

broad. Colulus present.

1. Marxia stellata, (Tab. XLV. figg. 21, 3; 22, 22a-e, 2.)

Plectana stellata, Walck. Tabl. des Aran. p. 65, fig. 54 (?)*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i.

p- 2507.

Epeira stellata, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 22, t. 3. fig. 12 (?)°; Spiders U.S.

(ed. Burgess), p. 125, t. 14. fig. 12, t. 18. fig. 89 (2)*; Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis,

Dresden, 1863, p. 140, t. 6. figg. 24, 25 (2°; Spimn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 83, t. 4.

figg. 63 6 ( ¢),68,63a(92)°; Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. iv. p. 319, t. 384. fig. 17 (¢ ),

t. 37. figg. 8,4 (¢), 5 (2)73; McCook, Amer. Spiders, i. pp. 189, 339, 340°.

Maria stellata, McCook, op. cit. i. p. 193, t. 12. figg. 4, 44,6 (2), 5,5a(S)?.

? Marzia nobilis, McCook, op. cit. ii. p. 194, t. 13. figg. 7, 7 a-c, 9 (2),8,8a(g)”.

Cyrtarachne mexicana, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. t. 14. figg. 13,

13 a-d (?)”.

Cyrtarachne dugesi, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. pp. x, 118 (2).

Hab. Norta America }?-!°.—Mexico®, Tepic (fide Banks?), Guanajuato (Dugés 12),

Vera Cruz, Frontera, Teapa (fH. H. Smith); Guaremaua, Coban, Antigua (Sarg).

There is some doubt as to whether the spider identified by Emerton (tom. cit.) as

Epeira stellata (Hentz) is identical with the examples before me; these latter,

however, agree with McCook’s description and figures of Maria stellata *.

VERRUCOSA.

Verrucosa, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1888, p. 78.

Mahadeva, Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. p. 541. (1889) ; Keyserling, Spinn. Amer., Epeiridz,

p- 67 (1892).

Mahadiva, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 53 (Dec. 1889).

Type of Verrucosa, V. arenata (Walck.) ; of Mahadeva, M. verrucosa (Hentz).

3g. Coxai. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove; coxa i. also with a small tubercle towards the base above.

Coxa and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. incrassate, with

strong, short, curved, specialized spines, and a stout spur about the middle bearing a pair of spines at its

apex. Patella of pedipalp bearing a single apical spine ; tarsal sheath with chitinous uncus at its base.

3 & 2. Posterior central eyes half a diameter apart, smaller than the anterior centrals. Central quadrangle

distinctly narrower behind, not longer than broad, anterior eyes nearly one diameter apart. Posterior

row slightly recurved, laterals almost in contact; the anteriors distinctly larger, distant from the posterior

centrals nearly three times the space occupied by the latter. Anterior row straight or slightly recurved,

* In Hist. Nat. Araign. 2nd edit. i. p. 801, in connection with M. stellata, there occurs a misprint—

“recurvée” instead of ‘ procurvée.” The males of the M. stellata before me have no coxal hook on leg i.,

as stated to be the case by Simon (Joc. ct. p. 802).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., January 1904. 3 at

482 ARANEIDEA.

the centrals being a very little nearer the margin of the clypeus. The anterior lateral eyes are set in a

low rounded tubercle. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Legs long and slender, clothed

with spines and long bristles. Femora i. and ii. with a double series of short spines beneath.

Protarsus i. shorter than tibia and patella i. Protarsii.—iv. without spines beneath. Carapace not raised

and convex behind the eyes. Sternum scarcely longer than broad. Colulus present. Scapus of vulva

very long, not entirely fused to the basal portion, having a free sclerite on each side.

The species known to me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Outer upper anterior side of tibia ii. with four stout spines.

Embolus of palpal bulb strongly curved downwards at apex.

Clavis of bulb with two teeth at apex. . . . - + + + « arenata, Walck.

B. Outer upper anterior side of tibia ii. with two spines only.

Embolus of palpal bulb directed straight forwards. Clavis of [O. P.-Cambr.

bulb with one tooth only at apex . . . . «+ + + + + Undecim-variolata,

Females.

A. Femora i. and ii. with two series of spines beneath. Scape of

vulva, on each side, not separated from the basal portion. Apex

of abdomen with 7 tubercles. . . . . 2. «1 + + + + Grenata.

B. Femora i. and ii. without a series of spines beneath. Scape of

vulva, on each side, distinctly separated from the basa] portion.

Apex of abdomen with 9 tubercles. . . . . . . + « « undecim-variolata.

1. Verrucosa arenata. (Tab. XLV. figg. 28, 23a, 6, o ; 24, 24a-¢, 2.)

Epeira arenata, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 183°; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, nos, 165, 181, 182, 183,

360°.

Verrucosa arenata, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1888, p. 78°; Amer. Spiders, ili. p. 200, t. 12. figg. 6,

6a-c(?),7,7a(38)*.

Epeira verrucosa, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p.19°; Spid. U.S. (ed. Burgess), p. 121,

t. 14. fig. 2(9)°.

Mahadeva verrucosa, Marx, Cat. N. Am. Spiders, p. 541 (1889) "; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride,

p. 72, t. 3. figg. 56, 56a (2), 56b,¢(¢)°.

Mahadiva reticulata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 54, t. 3. figg. 10, 10 a-c

(3) °; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 71, t. 3. figg.55,55a(¢)*.

Type, ¢, of M, reticulata, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace red-brown, more or less variegated with darker brown. Abdomen with seven warts posteriorly, in

two rows of three each and a single small anal one, and two lateral warts on each side between the former

and the one at the shoulder. Legs dull yellow-orange, the femora with dark annulations in the apical

half, the tibia also having a central and apical black annulus. Protarsi i. and ii. entirely dark. Femora

i. and ii. with two series of more or less well-developed spines in front; tibie i. and ii. with two rows of

spines beneath. Scapus of vulva enclosing the base on each side.

Tibia ii. of the male with two spines at the apex of the central spur set transversely in the same straight line,

but with four conspicuous spines on the outer upper side. Embolus of palpus strongly curved downward

and slightly backward; clavis with two teeth at its lower apical margin.

Hab. Norta America!§,—Mexico, Amula, Acaguizotla, Tierra Colorada, Dos

VERRUCOSA.—WIXIA. 483

Caminos, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaa ! (Sarg); Costa Rica (Rogers) ;

Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion 9).

If I am correct in regarding all the individuals in the collection, which present every

grade of variation of abdominal configuration between the two extreme forms figured

on the Plate, as belonging to one species, then they will all fall under Epeira arenata,

Walck., as determined by McCook. These spiders also vary very much in the colour

of the carapace and legs. ‘The lateral sclerites of the vulva, too, pass through all the

gradations from circular to circular-triangular on each side of the basal portion. In

the type (¢ ) of V. reticulata (O. P.-Cambr.) the spines on the apex of the spur on the

inner upper side of tibia ii. are not both at the extreme tip, but one is below the

other.

2. Verrucosa undecim-variolata. (Tab. XLV. figg. 25, 25 a, 3 ; 26, 26 a-c, 9 .)

Mahadiva undecim-variolata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 58, t. 3. figg. 8,

8 a-c(), 9, 9a-c (¢)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 69, t. 3. figg. 54b,¢ (¢), 54,

54a (?)?.

Type ¢, gynetype 9,in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3°75, 9 7-8 millim.

Carapace dull yellow, variegated with brown spots. Abdomen with nine warts posteriorly, in three rows of

three each, and with one lateral wart in addition between the former and the shoulder-wart on each side.

Legs dull yellow; femora i. and ii. with two short black lines in front at the apex and a single, short,

dorsal, apical, black line. Protarsi i. and ii. with a narrow, central, black line extending over the whole

length. Femora i. and ii. without rows of spines in front. Scapus of the vulva on each side remote

from the base. Tibia ii. of the male with the large central spur; the two spines at its apex being set in

the same straight line transversely, with two spines only on the outer upper side in the apical half.

Embolus of male palpus straight at apex and directed forward ; clavis with one tooth at its lower apical

margin.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Guatemata?, Vera Paz (Sarq) ;

Costa Rica (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

The examples of this species before me vary very much in the configuration of the

abdomen, from being almost circular to triangular, with quite sharp shoulder-points.

WIXIA.

Wiwia, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 487 ; McCook, Amer. Spiders, iii. p. 205.

Amamra, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Cantr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 55 (1889) ; Keyserling, Spinn.

Amer. Epeiride, p. 44.

Vivia, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. 2nd edit. i. p. 829.

Araneus, BK. Simon, loc. cit. p. 829.

Epeira, auct. ad part. (for EB. ectypa, Walck., HE. infumata, Hentz).

Type of Wiaia, W. abdominalis, 0. P.-Cambr., Amazons ; of Amamra, A. bituberosa, O. P.-Cambr., Costa Rica.

3g. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with the correlated groove. A wart above coxa i. at its base. Coxa

and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. incrassate basally,

armed with a basal series of three very long spines on the underside (the incrassate portion) and two series

3 Qf 2

484

ARANEIDEA.

of five spines (the basal ones much longer) on the inner side. Femora i. and ii. with a series of 8-10

(variable in number in different species) long spines beneath, iii. with one or none, iv. with a series of

five or six beneath. Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine. Tarsal sheath with a well-developed

uncus at its base. Lateral eye-groups not prominent ; situated well behind the anterior margin of the

base of the mandible. Central quadrangle not prominent, but the posterior eyes are set upon two

prominent tubercles, two diameters apart and slightly larger than the anterior centrals (much less disparity

than in the female sex). Anterior row straight, central and lateral eyes being equidistant from the

margin of the clypeus. Quadrangle square, not narrower behind. Coxe iii. and iv. and trochanter iv.

with one or more stout spines *. Abdomen with two low tubercles between the anterior shoulder-angles.

Q. Central quadrangle of eyes wider behind, broader than long; posterior centrals much larger, two full diameters

apart, set on two rounded tubercles, almost overhanging the anterior eyes. Laterals in contact. Anterior

row straight, measuring from the margin of the clypeus, appearing slightly procurved ; posterior row

slightly recurved ; the laterals separated from the central posteriors by a space one-fourth wider than

that occupied by the latter. Femora i—iv. devoid of spines beneath. ‘Tibie and protarsi i., i1., and iii.

with a double row of spines beneath, iv. with a single row. Abdomen with two (or one) tubercles

between the anterior shoulder-angles. Scapus and base of vulva fused together, the apex of the scapus

prolonged into a small, thin, rounded, or pointed, spoon-like plate.

Males.

a. Clavis of palpal bulb much narrower in the basal half, the apical

b. Clavis of palpal bulb much broader basally, the apical portion making

portion making a larger circular sweep . clivosa, O. P.-Cambr.

amuch narrower sweep . . . - + ee ee ew ee ew ) StCUlA, SP. UL

Females.

aa. Abdomen with two more or less prominent shoulder-tubercles.

Central posterior eyes forming a line distinctly wider than that

formed by the central anteriors, situated upon a more conspicuous

elevation.

a’. Basal portion of scapus of vulva, above, not longitudinally con-

cave in the middle.

a’. Entire scapus of vulva more elongate, not globular, seen in

profile; the apical spoon-iike portion itself also more elongate.

The two orifices closer together.

a’, Abdominal shoulder-tubercles longer. Basal portion of

scapus longer, seen in profile, the lateral bosses more con-

spicuous; the cavity on the upperside of the spoon-like

portion narrower and more elongate. . . . . . . . gibbifera, O. P.-Cambr.

b’. Abdominal shoulder-tubercles shorter. Basal portion of

scapus narrower, shorter, seen in profile, the lateral bosses

less conspicuous; the cavity of the spoon-like portion

broader and more rounded at its apex.

a‘. Body uniform ochre-yellow-brown, the legs faintly

annulated . . . . we ee ewe we bituberosa, O.P.-Cambr.

It is probable that McCook has made a slip of the pen (coxa ii. for coxa iii.) in his statement that the

male of Wiwxia ectypa (Walck.) has a dentiform spine on coxa ii.

WIXIA. 485

b*. Body darker and the legs more distinctly annulated.

Abdomen with (in the type) two distinct black spots

about the middle, besides other dark mottlings and lines

following the normal markings of spiders of this group. clivosa.

6°, Entire scapus of vulva shorter and more globular, seen in profile ;

the spoon-like portion itself shorter and less conspicuous. . globosa, sp. n.

6". Basal portion of scapus of vulva, above, longitudinally and

broadly concave down the middle . . . . . .. . . . rufa, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Posterior row of eyes not wider than the anterior row, not situated

on a conspicuous elevation . . . woe ee . . subrufa, sp. n.

66. Abdomen produced above, anteriorly, into a single, blunt, bilobate

cone 2. ww ew ee ee ee ee eee ew ww ee tuerrigera, O. P.-Cambr.

Nore.—It is highly probable that W. clivosa and W. bituberosa are identical, as they have the vulva very

similarly formed. Amamra nigromaculata, O. P.-Cambr., belongs to Hustala.

1. Wixia gibbifera. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 1, la-d, 9.)

Amamra gibbifera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 137, t. 18. figg. 10,

1l0a-d(?)'.

? Araneus gibbifer, HK. Simon, P. Z. 8. 1897, p. 8747.

Type, 2, immature, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero, 4600 feet (H. H. Smith 1).—VENEZUELA ;

ANTILLES, St. Vincent ?.

The example figured in Vol. I. is not fully mature, but two adults which I refer to

this species occur in the collection, and of these figures are now added. The abdomen

is pubescent, and also set with short, black, stout, curved spines. ‘The central posterior.

eyes are not larger than the anterior centrals.

2. Wixia bituberosa.

Amamra bituberosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 55, t. 8. figg. 11, 11 a-e

(2)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer,, Epeiride, p. 44, t. 2. figg. 37, 37 a,b (9?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 millim.

General characters similar to those of the allied species. Abdomen pubescent, and also set above with short,

black, curved spines. Central posterior eyes larger than the anterior centrals and further apart. Vulva

almost exactly like that of W. clivosa.

Hab. Costa Rica? (Rogers ').

3. Wixia clivosa. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 2, 2a, 6, ¢; 8, 3a-d,2.)

Amamra clivosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 270, t. 36. figg. 1,1 a,5(?),

2,2a-f(3)’.

Type 2; androtype ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9 7-5, ¢ 5 millim.

General characters similar to those of others of the group. Central posterior eyes much larger than the central

486 ARANEIDEA.

anteriors, and wider apart (2); central anteriors of the g (through some accident) obsolete. Abdomen

pubescent, and also set with short, black, stout spines. For vulva and palpus of the male, see the Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith’).

4, Wixia globosa, sp.n. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 4, 4a-d, 2 .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

General characters similar to those of others of the group. Central eyes of posterior row larger than central

anteriors, forming a line distinctly wider than the anterior side of the central quadrangle, situated upon a

raised bilobate tubercle. Abdomen with a pair of low, blunt, conical tubercles in front; clothed with

fine pubescence and somewhat scattered, short, stout, black spines. Legs short, i, ii, and iv. approxi-

mately the same length. Femur i. with two conspicuous long spines in the apical half, and five or six

apical and dorsal short spines. Tibia i. with, besides short spines, a longer spine in the basal and apical

third sections ; and an inner row of three basal longer, and two apical shorter, spines, and an outer row

of four spines, beneath. Protarsi i. and il. with, besides lateral and dorsal spines, two rows of 4-5 long

spines beneath. Femora ii., iii, and iv. without spines in front, and scarcely any beneath. Tibia ii.

with two rows of 5-6 spines beneath. Tibie iii. and iv. with 2-3 (or 3-3) spines beneath. Protarsi iii.

and iv. numerously spined beneath ; tarsi i., ii., and iii. without spines, iv. with some stout spines beneath.

The vulva is very distinct in form from that of the allied species, being short, quadrate-globular, with

the spoon-like portion of the scape very short.

Hab. Mexico, Tepetlapa (H. H. Smith).

5. Wixia rufa. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 5, 5 a-c, 2 .)

Epeira rufa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 34, t. 6. figg. 18, 18 a-c( 2)’.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

General characters similar to those of others of the group. Abdomen pubescent, and also set with short, stout,

black spines (mostly rubbed off). Central posterior eyes larger than the central anteriors, and wider

apart. For the vulva, which is characteristic, see the Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme (H. H. Smith); Guaremaa, Petet, Chicoyoito (Sarg +) ;

Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

6. Wixia subrufa, sp.n. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 6, 6 a-c, 2.)

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

General characters similar to those of the allied species, except that the posterior central eyes form a line not

wider than that formed by the anterior centrals. Abdomen clothed with long fine bristles, not short

and stout spines as in W. globosa. For figures of the vulva, see Plate.

Hab. Guatemaa, Chiacam (Sarg).

7. Wixia turrigera. (Tab. XLVI. fige. 7,7 a, 2.)

Amamra turrigera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 251, t. 31. figg. 6,

6a-d(¢)’*.

Type, 2, immature, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith 1).

The single example of this species occurring in the collection is not fully mature ;

WIXIA.—PARAWIXIA. 487

but the form of the abdomen will serve to distinguish it from any of those belonging

to this group. The abdomen is pubescent, and also set with short, stout, black spines.

The central posterior eyes are larger and wider apart than the anterior centrals.

8. Wixia sicula, sp.n. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 8, 8a, ¢.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

The general characters of this species are given in the generic diagnosis. It is very closely allied to W. clivosa,

but differs from it mainly in the form of the clavis of the palpal bulb. The abdomen has a pair of coniform

tubercles between the anterior shoulders, and a pair of white spots, transversely situated, midway between

the spinners and the genital rima; it is clothed with long coarse hairs.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

PARAWIXIA, gen. nov.

Type Epeira destricta, O. P.-Cambr. Guatemala.

3. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove. A tubercle above coxa i. at the base. Coxa and femur,

of pedipalp with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. incrassate, armed with a

row of five or six long spines beneath, with a double series of 5-6 stout specialized spines on the inner

side, the spines of the posterior series finer than those of the anterior series, arranged irregularly in pairs.

Femora ii. with a single series of 8 long erect spines; i. with a series of 5, and iii. and iv. each with a

series of 5 or 6, spines beneath. Patella of pedipalp. bearing a single apical spine. Tarsal sheath with

a large lamelliform bifid uncus at its base. Lateral eye-groups projecting forwards on a very distinct

tubercle, well in advance of the anterior margin of the base of the mandible ; central anterior eyes also

very prominent. Posterior row of eyes recurved. Anterior row of eyes distinctly recurved, the centrals

being much nearer the margin of the clypeus than the laterals. Quadrangle narrower behind, posterior

centrals much smaller. Trochanter iv., in the type, without spines; in other species with one or two.

9. Posterior central eyes half a diameter apart, nearly equal to or slightly smaller than the anterior centrals,

which are almost one diameter apart. Central quadrangle distinctly narrower behind, not longer than

broad. Posterior row distinctly recurved; laterals one-half a diameter of the posterior lateral apart,

which is smaller than the anterior lateral. The lateral pair separated from the posterior centrals by a

space equalling two and a half times that occupied by the latter. Anterior row straight or slightly

recurved, the centrals being slightly nearer the margin of the clypeus than the laterals. (In the males

the rows are more recurved and the eye-groups closer together ; and the anterior lateral eyes are set on a

low rounded tubercle.) Lower margin of fang-groove with 3 teeth, upper with 4. Legs clothed with

numerous spines. Femora i. and ii. with two irregular series of short spines, iii, and iv. more or less

irregularly spinose. Protarsi i.—iv. (in both sexes) with stout spines beneath, i. shorter than tibia and

patella. Carapace not raised or convex behind the eyes. Sternum slightly longer than broad. Colulus

present. Vulva having the scapus, atriolum, and lateral sclerites entirely fused together. Abdomen

oval, but with more or less numerous shoulder, lateral, and apical tubercles.

The species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

a, Trochanter iv. devoid of spines. Uncus of tarsal sheath of palpus

deeply bifid. Clavis of palpal bulb squarely truncate apically,

not bifid or prolonged into a straight or curved point . . . destricta, O. P.-Cambr.

b. Trochanter iv. with one or two spines. Uncus of tarsal sheath

not bifid. Clavis of palpal bulb bifid, or prolonged into a

narrowed and pointed termination.

488 ARANEIDEA.

a‘. Trochanter iv. with a pair of spines. Clavis of palpal bulb

deeply bifid at its apex. . . 2 6 + + + + e + + + armata, O. P.-Cambr.

b'. Trochanter iv. with a single spine only. Clavis of palpal bulb

not bifid at its apex.

a’. Apex of clavis of palpal bulb having a long narrow terminal

prolongation, straight and set at an angle to the basal

portion . 6. ee ee ee eee ee ee Aypocrita, O. P.-Cambr.

B*. Apex of clavis of palpal bulb with the terminal portion

short and curved . 2. 2. 4. ee ee ew ee e+) (aMata, Sp. DL

Females.

a. Abdomen with from 10-13 tubercles.

a’. Abdomen with from 10-11 tubercles.

a’, Abdomen with 11 tubercles. Scapus of vulva much longer,

half as long again as the basal portion . . . . . . . destricta.

b*. Abdomen with 10 tubercles. Scapus of vulva much _

shorter, one-fourth shorter than the basal portion . . . guatemalensis, O. P.-Cambr.

6‘. Abdomen with 13 tubercles.

a*®. Scapus of vulva dilate at apex . . . 1. «ew « + +) =(hovea, O. P.-Cambr.

6°. Scapus of vulva not dilate at apex.

a‘, Basal portion of vulva much narrower and constricted

laterally ; scapus much longer, twice as long as the

base, abruptly narrowed at its apex . . . . . . . tredecim-notata, sp. n.

b*. Basal portion of vulva much broader, very convex and

dilate laterally; scapus equal in length to the base,

not abruptly narrowed at its apex . . . . . . . honesta, O. P.-Cambr.

b, Abdomen with 5 tubercles. Scapus of vulva very long, sinuous

(seen in profile), abruptly narrowed and not recurved at its

apex. 2 2. 6 6 ew we ew we ww we ee ee ee . igida, O. P.-Cambr.

Norrt.—The spines on trochanter iv. in the males are occasionally liable to variation.

1, Parawixia destricta. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 9, 9a, 6, ¢; 10, 10a-c, ¢.)

Epeira destricta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 39, t. 4. figg. 13,

13 a-c (g$)* [mec figg. 14, 14a, 6 (¢)]; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 105, t. 5.

figg. 78, 78a (3)?

Type ¢, deuterotype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 10, 9 17 millim.

The general characters of both sexes are given in the generic diagnosis.

g. Femoral spines variable in number, those beneath femur i. sometimes absent. Abdomen with four warts,

the shoulder and apical pair distinct, the laterals scarcely noticeable. No spines on trochanter iy.

The uncus on the base of the tarsal sheath deeply bifid, forming a pair of short subsimilar incurved spurs.

The clavis of the palpal bulb rounded and convex at its apex, not bifid or prolonged, but more or less

squarely truncate.

Q. Both rows of eyes decidedly recurved. Femora i. and ii. with a series of short spines on the underside

(besides others in front), but without two distinct rows. Abdomen (which is faded in colour) with two

PARAWIXIA. 489

low conical shoulder-tubercles, and five apical and two lateral tubercles. Femora i. and ii, with

two broad, median, black rings ; tibie i. and ii. with three black blotches on the lower side only, those

on iii. and iv. very indistinct. Vulva quite characteristic, basally broad, but shorter than in P. guatemal-

ensis, the scapus being, however, much longer; while the area comprised by the chitinous margins of

the base beneath is much broader than in the allied species. See Plate.

Hab. Guatemata? (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

2. Parawixia armata. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 11, 11a, 4, ¢.)

Epeira armata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 41, t. 4. figg. 17,

17 a-e (S)1; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 107, t. 5. figg. 79, 79a (¢)”.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8°5 millim.

General characters as in the type-species. Tarsal uncus of the palpus not bifid, but forming an elongate

concave lamina. Clavis of the palpal bulb enormously developed and deeply bifid at its apex.

Trochanter iv. bearing two short stout spines. The double series of spines on the inner side of

tibia ii. consists of 4-5 spines respectively.

Hab. Guaremata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion *).

3. Parawixia hypocrita, (Tab. XLVI. figg. 12, 124, ¢.)

Epeira hypocrita, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1, p. 38, t. 5. figg. 8,

8 a-d (3)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 109, t. 5. figg. 81, 81a (¢)*. .

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7°5 wmillim.

Characters similar to those of the type-species, but the tarsal uncus of the palpus is not bifid, and the clavis of

the palpal bulb is very characteristic, being much developed, concave beneath, convex above, having a

prominent median angle on the outer margin, the apex itself of the clavis being somewhat abruptly

narrowed to a fine spine, set at an angle to the median portion of the clavis. Trochanter iy. bearing

a single short stout spine.

Hab. Guatemata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

4, Parawixia hamata, sp.n. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 13, 134, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

General characters as in the type-species. Trochanter iv. usually with two spines on one side and one on the

other. Tarsal uncus of palpus not bifid, but forming a curved, concave, chitinous lamina. Clavis of

palpal bulb very much enlarged, convex above at its apex, concave beneath, having two rounded angles

on the outer margin and the apex itself curved outwards into a blunt point.

Hab. Costa Rica (fogers).

5. Parawixia guatemalensis. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 14, 14 a-e, 9.)

Epeira guatemalensis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 40, t. 7. figg. 7,

7 a-c (¢)°* [nec figg. 8, 8 a-c (3 )]; Keyserl. Spimn. Amer., Epeiridw, p. 112, t. 6. figg. 83,

83 a ( 2)” [nec figg. 836, ¢ (¢)].

Epeira merens, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 246, t. 31. figg. 2, 2a-g (2)’.

Types, 2, of £. guatemalensis and E. merens, in coll, Godman & Salvin, Total length 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith *); GuatemMaLa?, Livingston,

Chicoyoito, Tamahu, Cubilguitz (Sarg *).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., January 1904. 3 Rt

490 ARANEIDEA.

I have selected the female of this species as the type, since the male (androtype,

sec. O. P.-Cambr.) is the androtype of E. tauricornis. This course avoids the necessity

of a new name in the place of tawricornis.

The abdomen has ten conical tubercles, the shoulder-pair being sharper. The

femora i. and ii. have only one, more or less well-defined, row of spines beneath.

The base of the vulva in the female is very broad, abruptly attenuate at its apex,

forming a slightly recurved scapus.

6. Parawixia hoxea. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 15, 15 a-c, 2.)

Epeira hoxea, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 35, t. 5. figg. 6, 6a-c (2)';

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 87, t. 4. figg. 65, 65 a (¢)*

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Both rows of eyes distinctly recurved, the central quadrangle being situated on a much more prominent

tubercle than in other members of the genus. Laterals subequal. The spines on the legs are worn off

in the type, but, judging from the sockets, they are very similar in disposition to those of P. destricta.

The vulva is characteristic, short and dilate basally, gradually attenuate to form a long scape, which is

slightly dilate towards the apex and abruptly narrowed into a short blunt point. The legs are almost

unicolorous, being very indistinctly annulate. The abdomen (which is faded) bears thirteen small

conical tubercles, four laterals on each side and five apical ; the second lateral tubercle is almost obsolete

in some examples.

Hab. Guatemata?; Panama, Tolé (Champion).

The drawings of the vulva in Vol. I. t. 5. figg. 64, ¢, are evidently taken from a

malformed or mutilated example.

7. Parawixia tredecim-notata, sp.n. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 16, 16 a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 13 millim.

Eyes very similar to those of the allied species. Femora i. and ii. with, besides others, a row of short spines

on the inner side. Vulva comparatively narrow at the base, which is slightly constricted, laterally, in

the middle; much narrower than in P. destricta, while the scapus is slightly longer, but recurved and

attenuate only at its apex. The abdomen (which is faded) bears four very low lateral tubercles on each

side, the first pair being in front of the shoulder, and five apical tubercles.

In the single example seen there is just the faintest trace of a dusky annulus towards the apex of femora i.

and li., but even less beneath the tibie.

Hab. Guatemata (Sarg).

8. Parawixia honesta. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 17,17 a, b, 2.)

Epeira honesia, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 800, t. 37. figg. 6,

6a-d (?)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length.16 millim.

The eyes are very similar in position to those of P. destricta. The legs also as in that species, except that

the annulus on iii. and iv. is much more distinct, and there are apical rings on the protarsi and tarsi.

The vulva is characteristic, being short and very broad basally, having a short abruptly narrowed

PARAWIXIA.—CYCLOSA. 491

scape (see figure), The abdomen (which is faded) bears thirteen conical tubercles, as in P. tredecim-

notata. .

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith 1).

9. Parawixia rigida. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 18, 18 a-c, 2.)

Epeira rigida, O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 36, t. 5. figg. 5, 5a-c (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11°5 millim.

Both rows of eyes decidedly recurved ; the laterals subequal, the anteriors not, as in most of the allied species,

larger. The legs are very similar, both in colour and spinulation, to those of P. destricta, but the two

rings on femora i. and ii. are apical and basal, the latter only on the sides on i., while on iii. and iv.

there are three, and also three on the tibiz and protarsi of all four pairs. The vulva is characteristic,

short and broad basally, gradually tapering to form a long narrow scapus, which is slightly dilate

towards the apex and abruptly narrowed to a blunt point; in profile it presents a sinuous outline.

The cephalic region as far as, and involving, the thoracic pit is deeply suffused with black. The abdomen

(which is faded) bears five conical tubercles only—a pair at the anterior shoulders, and three at the apex,

the median one being very small.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

CYCLOSA.

Cyclosa, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. p. 73 (1866).

Turckheimia, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 46 (1889).

Type of Cyclosa, C. conica (De Geer) = C. conica (Pallas), 1772, Europe; of Turckheimia, T. nodosa,

O. P.-Cambr., Guatemala.

3g. Coxa i. with a conspicuous hook, and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with coniform

spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Coxa iv. (in the type species) with two spines. Tibia ii. scarcely

incrassate, bearing a single row of three specialized spines on the inner side and three below. Patella of

pedipalp with a single apical spine ; tarsal sheath with a chitinous uncus.

3 & &. Posterior central eyes almost in contact, central quadrangle narrower behind, eyes subequal.

Lateral eye-groups set on prominent tubercles, projecting well in advance of the mandibles, anterior

centrals also prominent. Both rows recurved.

9. Cephalic region separated from the thoracic by a deep semicircular groove, the latter portion being

raised. Vulva consisting of a short, slender scapus (of variable form in the different species), with the

lateral sclerites well-developed.

It is by no means easy to find reliable characters for the separation of the typical

forms of Cyclosa from others usually referred to Aranea; and as Simon (Hist.

Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 829) refers C. lacerta, O. P.-Cambr., and Turckheimia

walckenaeri, O. P.-Cambr., to this genus, there can be no possible grounds for

separating the other species belonging to these two genera under a group-name

Cyclosee. The females of 7. walckenaeri, which Simon definitely removes from

the Cyclosee, exhibit very strongly the “ profond sillon entier et semicirculaire” on

which this author bases his separation of the Cycloseze from other allied groups.

This character is, however, found in the female sex only. It is possible that the

spiders included under Turckheimia, may eventually prove to be separable as a genus

distinct from Cyclosa, but I can at present find no characters really reliable for this

purpose, and I leave them all under the older generic name.

3 Rf 2

492 ARANEIDEA.

The species known to me may be distinguished by the following characters :—

Males.

A. Coxa iv. with two spines . . . - + ©

B. Coxa iv. without spines.

a. The lamella-claviformis (clavis) of the palpal bulb on the

outer lower side dilate apically oe

b. The clavis of the palpal bulb not dilate apically.

a’. The clavis of the palpal bulb only very slightly falciform

(see Plate) ee

b’. The clavis very decidedly falciform (see Plate) .

Females.

A. Abdomen without definite shoulder-tubercles.

a. Abdomen short, triangular, produced above, behind, into a

stout coniform hump . . ee er

b. Abdomen elongate, not produced behind.

a'. Abdomen plainly outlined behind, not bifid nor tuber-

culate. . . os

6’. Abdomen bifid, trifid, or tuberculate behind.

a’, Abdomen with a small coniform prominence at its apex .

b°. Abdomen bifid or trifid behind.

a’. Abdomen bifid behind .

b’. Abdomen trifid behind . . . re

B. Abdomen with from two to four tubercles above and in front.

a‘. Abdomen with four small tubercles above and in front, bifid

atits apex . . . . . =. - . se

b‘. Abdomen with two tubercles only above and in front, not

bifid at its apex.

a’, Abdomen with four tubercles at its apex.

a’. Abdomen elongate, not quadrate.

a’. Abdomen shorter and broader, in profile more trian-

gular. Scapus of vulva longer, base bilobate

b”. Abdomen longer, narrower and more compressed, in

profile. Scapus of vulva — base not bilobate

b°. Abdomen quadrate . .

b°. Abdomen with one tubercle at its apex.

a®. Apical tubercle longer and more slender;

tubercles simple, coniform .

b°. Apical tubercle shorter and stouter ;

with a sharp point directed backwards . .

shoulder-

Norz.—I have not seen a male of C. caroli, C. bifurca, or C. walckenaeri, and their characters cannot

C. fusiformis, Tacz., is also unknown to me.

therefore be inserted in the table.

shoulder-tubercles

conica, Pallas.

tuberculifera, O. P.-Cambr.

culta, O. P.-Cambr.

lacerta, O. P.-Cambr.

conica.

caroli, Hentz.

conigera, Sp. n.

furcata, O. P.-Cambr.

trifida, sp. 1.

bifurca, McCook.

walckenaeri, O. P.-Cambr.

diversa, O. P.-Cambr.

nodosa, O. P.-Cambr.

index, O. P.-Cambr.

clara, O. P.-Cambr.

CYCLOSA. 493

1. Cyclosa conica. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 19,19 a, b, 3; 20, 20a, d, 2.)

Aranea conica, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. i. p. 48, t. 1. fig. 16 (?)*.

Cyclosa conica, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 321, t. 34. figg. 3, 3a (@), t. 38.

fig. 11 ($)°; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 276, t. 14. figg. 205, 205a-c (?%),

205 d-f (3)°; Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 5494; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad.

Sci. (8) i. p. 256°.

[Nec C. conica, McCook, Amer. Spiders, iii. pp. 225, 226, t. 17. figg. 8, 3 a-c (?), 4,4a,5(¢).]

Epeira caudata, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 23, t. 3. figg. 14, 144 (2), 146(8)°;

Spid. U.S. (ed. Burgess), p. 126, t. 14. figg. 14, 14¢ (2), 148 (¢)”.

Hab. Norta America?4°7, California?—Mexico, Guaymas (fide Banks °).—

EUROPE |.

The examples figured on our Plate are from the New Forest, England, and the

species is included in the Central-American fauna solely on the authority of

Mr. Banks. . The male may be known from that of the allied species by the presence

on coxa iv. of two short, subequal spines. The palpal organs differ also in several

particulars, but more especially in the form of the lamella-claviformis, which is

strongly dilate apically, its lower angle being sharp and depressed. The femora

are strongly spinose: i. has seven or eight spines on the apical half beneath, ii. seven

spines extending from the apex to the base, and iii. two spines about the middle;

iv. is unarmed beneath. The female may be recognized by the shape of the abdomen

and the form of the vulva. Judging by the figures, Emerton’s identification of

C. conica seems to be correct; and one must accept his, the first, identification

of Epeira caudata, Hentz.

2. Cyclosa tuberculifera. (Tab. XLVII. fig. 1, ¢ .)

Cyclosa tuberculifera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 269, t. 36. figg. 10,

10a-e (3g)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith").

This species, of which there is a single adult male in the collection, may be recog-

nized by the form of the lamella-claviformis (or clavis) of the palpus, see Plate.

3. Cyclosa culta. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 2, 2a, ¢.)

Cyclosa culta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 112, t. 14. figg. 12,

12a-d(g)".

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3-75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas, near Omilteme, in Guerrero,

9500 feet (H. H. Smith?).

C. culta, of which I have seen two adult males, may be separated from both

CG. conica and C. tuberculifera by the form of the “clavis” of the palpus.

494 ARANEIDEA.

4. Cyclosa lacerta. (Tab. XLVII. fig. 3, ¢ .)

Cyclosa lacerta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 50°.

Epeira lacerta, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. x, t. 7. figg. 14, 14.a-c (f)°.

Type, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3:5 millim.

Hab. Guatemana, between Chichochoc and Coban (Sarg!); Panama, Bugaba

(Champion ').

Easily distinguishable from the allied forms by the shape of the clavis of the

palpal bulb.

5. Cyclosa caroli. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 4, 4a, 6, 2.)

Epeira caroli, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 24, t. 3. fig. 15 (9)° 5 Spid. US.

(ed. Burgess), p. 138, t. 14. fig. 15 (?)°; Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863,

p. 187, t. 6. figg. 17 (¢), 18, 19(¢)*; Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 272, t. 14. figg. 202,

202 a, 6 (2), 202 c-e (g)*; Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 549°; McCook, Amer.

Spid. iii. p. 277, t. 17. figg. 7, 7 a-c (2), 8, 8a-b (S)°; E. Simon, P. Z.8. 1897, p. 873".

Hab. Norta America! *, Southern United States ’.—Mexico, Amula in Guerrero

(HT. H. Smith).—Cotomsia, Bogota? 4; VENEZUELA’; ANTILLES, St. Vincent’.

It appears to me highly probable that the spider here figured under the above name

is identical with the form referred to Epeira caroli, Hentz, by McCook, and one must

for the present accept his identification of the species. Different examples vary very

much in colour, but its characteristics lie in the plain, fusiform apex of the abdomen,

and the short, broad, spatuliform scapus of the vulva.

6. Cyclosa conigera, sp.n. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 5, 5a, 6, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

This species very much resembles C. caroli in general appearance, but in the

examples before me there is always present a small cone in the centre of the apex

of the abdomen behind. The scape of the vulva also is narrow and elongate, not

broad, short, and spatuliform as in C. caroli.

7. Cyclosa furcata. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 6, 6 a-d, 2.)

Cyclosa furcata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 247, t. 31. figg. 3,

3a-e (2).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith’).

Very like C. bifurca, McCook, but without tubercles on the anterior part of the

abdomen ; the vulva also differs very much in form (see Plate).

CYCLOSA. 495

8. Cyclosa trifida, sp.n. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 7, 7a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Cahabon (Sarg).

The abdomen of this species is broad, elongate, and parallel-sided, having four

very small tubercles at the apex, where it appears to be transversely truncate. The

vulva is characteristic, though similar in general structure to that of several allied

forms.

9. Cyclosa bifurca. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 8, 8 a-d, 2.)

Cyrtophora bifurca, McCook, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1887, p. 3427.

Cyclosa bifurca, McCook, Amer. Spid.i. p. 128; ii. pp. 189, 372, 376°; iii. p. 227, t. 17. figg.10( 3),

9, Qa-d (?)*; Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 549°.

Cyclosa fissicauda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 49, t. 8. figg.7, 7 a-c (?)

(1893)°; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer. iv. p. 274, t. 14. figg. 208, 208 a, 6 (¢)”.

Type 2, androtype ¢, of C. bifurca in coll. McCook ; of C. fissicauda in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Carapace very convex behind, thoracic portion separated from the cephalic by a deep semicircular groove.

Posterior eyes half a diameter apart, smaller than the anteriors; posterior row slightly recurved.

Lateral eyes almost in contact, anteriors distinctly smaller. Central quadrangle narrower behind,

broader than long. Patella of palpus with a single anterior spine. Femora without spines beneath.

Abdomen apically bifid, with four conical warts, the first pair behind the shoulders, the second wider

apart and further back. The vulva consists of an oblong white area above, deeply grooved transversely,

towards its anterior margin, forming a thin chitinous marginal plate; posteriorly it overhangs slightly,

and the surface is here marked with a deep V-shaped groove.

Hab. Nortn America, Florida !~°.—Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith); GuateMata’,

Dolores, Chapallal, Chisec (Sarg °).

E. Simon (Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 795) has placed this species under Larinia,

but nearly every character given for the recognition of that genus is wanting in the

type (2?) of C. fissicauda. It has the carapace very convex behind; the central eyes

not subequal, the anterior side of the central quadrangle not nearly double the width

of the posterior; the lateral eyes very distinctly unequal; and there is no “uncus” to

the vulva at all. Unfortunately, I have been unable to find a male example in the

collection before me, and cannot say therefore whether the coxa i. has the hook or

not. But the female evidently comes near Cyclosa, where I leave it for the present,

though it may have to be removed at some future time.

10. Cyclosa walckenaeri. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 9, 9 a-d, ¢.)

Turckheimia walckenaerii, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. 47, 269, t. 8.

figg. 6, 6a-c ( 2) (1889)’.

Epeira walckenaerii, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 98, t. 5. figg. 78, 73 a-c (2), 73 d-f(s)’.

Cyclosa walckenaerii, McCook, Amer. Spid. ili. p. 226, t. 17. figg. 1, la-d (?), 2, 24,6 (3)”.

496 ARANEIDEA.

Oyclosa cervicula, McCook, loc. cit. t. 17. figg. 1, 2(d e)*.

Epeira bifurcata, Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 142, t. 6. figg. 22 (¢),

23 (5).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. NortH America, California ?.—Mzxico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith) ;

GuaremaLa2, Volcan de Fuego, Chiacam (Sarg !).—Cotomsia 7°; Bazin -

11. Cyclosa diversa, (Tab. XLVII. figg. 10, 104, 6, 2.)

Turckheimia diversa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 136, t. 16. figg. 11,

lla-c (¢)".

Turckheimia scelesta, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 268, t. 39. figg. 10, 10 a—e (¢)*.

Types, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Costa Rica, San José (Tristan and

Biolley, ex Sarg *).

The type of 7. scelesta has the vulva malformed, but is otherwise obviously identical

with 7. diversa. This species bears a general resemblance to C. walckenaeri, but in

the latter the abdomen is shorter, broader, more triangular, less compressed, and

the tubercles less developed. ‘The scapus of the vulva is much shorter than in

C. walckenaeri, and the basal portion is not bilobate.

12. Cyclosa nodosa. (Tab. XLVII. fig. 11, ¢ .)

Turckheimia nodosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 47, t. 4. figg. 11,

lla,b(¢)’.

Type, 2, immature, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Chicoyoito (Turckheim').

The vulva of the type of this species is not developed, but the character of the

abdominal tubercles renders it probable that C. nodosa will prove to be specifically

distinct (see table and Plate).

13. Cyclosa index. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 12, 12 a-c, 2.)

Cyclosa index, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 51, t. 6. figg. 6, 6a-c (2);

Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 256’.

Type, Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornta (fide Banks *)—Guatemata, Tamahu, Coban, Cubilguitz

(Sarg *).

It is impossible at present to decide whether C. turbinata, McCook, C. caudata

(Hentz), and C. index, O. P.-Cambr., are identical or not; and for the time being I

leave the examples of C. index before me under the name they were described. ‘They

can be distinguished from C. clara by the longer and more pointed tubercle at the apex

CYCLOSA.—WAGNERIANA. 497

of the abdomen, and by the shape of the shoulder-tubercles, which have no sharp angle

posteriorly. The vulva, too, differs in detail, see Plate.

‘14, Cyclosa clara, (Tab. XLVII. figg. 18, 134, b, 2.)

Cyclosa clara, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr. -Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 248, t. 31. figg. 8, 8a-e( 2)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith +).

15. Cyclosa fusiformis.

Cyrtophora fusiformis, Tacz. Horz Soc. Ent. Ross. xiv. p. 173, t. 12. fig. 22°; Banks, Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 256°.

? = Turckheimia diversa, O. P.-Cambr. (sec. Banks).

Hab. Nortn AMERICA, California * 2 —MExt00, Orizaba, Tepic ?.—PeErt !.

WAGNERIANA, nom. nov.

We agneria *, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 203 (1895).

Type W. tauricornis (O. P.-Cambr.). Guatemala.

3. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with the correlated groove. A wart above coxa i. at its base. Coxa

and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Tibia ii. incrassate, with

three spines on the underside, and two series of spines on the inner side—five spines on the upper margin

and six on the lower. Femur i. without spines beneath, ii. and iv. with a series of four or five, 111. with

one or two spines beneath. Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine. Tarsal sheath with a con-

spicuous uncus at its base. Lateral eye-groups slightly prominent. Central quadrangle somewhat raised,

narrower behind. Posterior central eyes three-fourths of a diameter apart, a little smaller than the

anterior centrals. Posterior row strongly recurved; anterior row straight. ‘rochanter iv. with a

single spine. Abdomen with a pair of shoulder-cusps, a single lateral on each side, and four apical

cusps, variable in number in the different species and sexes. Protarsi i. and ii. almost devoid of spines

beneath (occasionally one at the base).

@. Carapace broad in front, convex behind the eyes. “Central quadrangle slightly narrower in front ; posterior

eyes a little smaller, half a diameter apart. Posterior row slightly recurved. Anterior row straight.

Laterals one-eighth of a diameter apart, separated from the posterior centrals by a space equal to one and a

half times that occupied by the latter. Femorai—iv. without spines beneath. Tibi and protarsi i. and il.

devoid of spines beneath, iii. & iv. with a few. Abdomen (in the type) with two shoulder-cusps, each

more or less bifid, three laterals on each side, and five apical cusps. Scapus of vulva fused to the basal

portion, its apex short and lamelliform. .

The species occurring in the collection may be recognized as follows :-—

Males.

a. Trochanter iv. with a single short spine. Lamella of palpal bulb

not deeply bifid.

a’. Clavis.of palpal bulb with a long, thin lamella lying beneath .

the convex outer lobe . . . . . . 2 ee ew we) 6tauricornis, O. P.-Cambr.

. Clavis of palpal bulb without a lower lamella. .

a’. Clavis of palpal bulb with a thin carina on the underside, and

a short cusp on the outer margin anteriorly . . . . . carinata, sp. n.

b?. Clavis of palpal bulb without a thin carina, with a broad

* This name is preoccupied five times in Zoology.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., Apri/ 1904. 3. sf

498 ARANEIDEA.

triangular spur at the posterior angle and another blunt cusp

above on the inner posterior margin .

4. Trochanter iv. with two short spines. Lamella of “palpal bulb

deeply and broadly bifid. 2. 2. 2 © © © © © © es et 8 spicata, O. P.-Cambr.

1l-tuberculata, Keyser].

Females.

a. Carapace without the pair of conspicuous curved spines in front of

the thoracic fovea. For vulva, see Plate . . .- . tauricornis.

b. Carapace with a pair of conspicuous curved spines in front of the

thoracic fovea.

a’. Shoulder-cusps of abdomen bifid. Apex of abdomen not pro-

longed. For vulva, see Plate . . . . « « » spicata.

b’. Shoulder-cusps of abdomen not bifid. Apex of abdomen pro-

longed. For vulva, see Plate . 2. 1. 2. © © © © e © 11-tuberculata.

Norr.—The number of cusps on the abdomen is not constant. Of W. tauricornis there are two varieties :

(1) the type, which has the shoulder-cusp bifid and three lateral cusps present ; (2) a form with the shoulder-

cusp simple and two lateral cusps only present. .

1. Wagneriana tauricornis. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 14, 14a, 4, ¢; 16,

15 a-c, 2 .) |

Epeira tauricornis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. x & 44, t. 6. figg. 2,

2a-c(), 3,3a-c( 2), t. 8. figg. 2, 2a-c (2) * [mec figg.1,1a(d)]; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer.,

Epeiride, p. 90, t. 4. figg. 68 c, d ($), 68, 684,56 (9)*.

Epeira guatemalensis, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 40, t. 7. figg. 8, 8a-c (g¢)’.

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 9 5°5 millim.

Hab. Norta America?.—Mexico (Peckham?); GuateMata?, Tamahu, Cubilguitz },

Coban, Cahabon !, Chiacam, Dolores, Cuajiniquilapa, Quezaltepeque 1 (Sarg); Panama,

Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion !).—CotomB1A, Bogota ?.

The general characters of the male and female of this species are given in the generic

diagnosis ; for specific differences, see Table and Plate.

2. Wagneriana carinata, sp.n. (Tab. XLVII. fig. 16, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guaremata, Coban (Sarq).

This spider closely resembles W. 11-tuberculata, and may possibly prove to be a

variety of that species. The specific difference lies in the form of the clavis of the

palpal bulb, which can be best recognized by reference to the Plate and figure.

‘Trochanter iv. has a single spine.

3. Wagneriana 11-tuberculata. (Tab. XLVII. - fgg. 17, 17a, 6,6; 18,

18 a-c, 2.)

Epeira 11-tuberculata, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 805, t. 18. figg. 1 ($),2 (3)

(1865) '; Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 92, t. 4. figg. 69 d,e (¢), 69, 69 a-c (¢)’.

Type do, gynetype 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, g¢ 6-8, 2 9 millim,

WAGNERIANA.—EDRICUS. 499

The ¢.of this species differs from the type of the genus, W. tauricornis, not only in its specific characters, but

in the form of the abdomen, which is prolonged apically, the central cusp being very long. The underside

of tibia ii, has three spines; the inner side two series of 6—6 spines irregularly paired. Trochanter iv.

bears a single spine. The lamina of the palpal organs is bilobate, but not so deeply bifid as in W. spicata,

while the clavis is concave beneath, with a sharp cusp at its posterior angle and a less conspicuous one

above.

The 9 differs from that of its allies in having the abdomen prolonged apically into a large central lobe, bearing

four sharp cusps, and a wart behind, the shoulder-spines being long, sharp, and single, and there are two

lateral cusps on each side. The carapace has a pair of spines in front of the thoracic fovea, as has also

the female of W. spicata. The vulva, similar in general character to that of W. spicata, differs specially

in the form of the area enclosed by the chitinous margin, which occupies almost the whole of the underside

of the basal portion, see Plate and figures.

Hab. Guatemata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—CoLomBta ? °.

4, Wagneriana spicata. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 19, 19a, 6, ¢; 20, 20,8, 2.)

Epeira spicata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 45, t. 6. fig. 4,4a(3)’-

Turckheimia armata, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 114, t. 14. figg. 14, 14 a-f(?)’.

Type, ¢ (immature), of E. spicata, and type 2 and deuterotype ¢ of 7. armata, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length, ¢ 8, 9 11:25 millim.

The general characters of this species will be found under the generic diagnosis.

In the ¢ the abdomen is similar in character to that of the female. Tibia ii. has six spines beneath on the

under margin and five on the upper. Trochanter iv. bears two short spines. The palpal organs are

quite different in the specialization of the parts from those of W. tauwricornis and its allies. The lamella

is much more highly developed, very broad, deeply and broadly bifid, forming two sharp spurs. The clavis

is comparatively less conspicuous, broad and concave beneath, with a carina marking the outer margin of

the concavity.

The 2 also resembles the type-species in general characters, the most noticeable difference, besides the form of

the vulva, being the presence of a pair of stout spines in front of the thoracic fovea. This character is

also present in W. 11-tuberculata, and the sockets are very distinct even when the spines themselves have

been rubbed off. The abdomen is not unlike that of W. tauricornis, but the two cusps on each shoulder-

tubercle are situated side by side, and not one behind the other. The vulva differs considerably from

that of W. tauricornis, more resembling that of W. 11-tuberculata. It consists of a broad, triangular,

transversely rugulose basal portion, the scapus being short and bluntly pointed ; on the underside the

chitinous margin encloses a circular space round the base of the scapus, and a more or less oval space

below this, see Plate and figures. .

Hab. Mexico, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith *); GUATEMALA, Motagua (Sarg +).

I have little doubt, judging from the general characters of the two spiders, that the

immature male type is ‘dentical with the adult here described in detail.

EDRICUS.

Edricus, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 57 (1890).

Salassia, Getaz, An. Inst. Costa Rica, iv. p. 105 (1893) (nomen preeocc.).

Sulassina, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 781, note 2 (1895).

Type of Edricus, E. spinigerus, O. P.-Cambr., Panama; of Salassia, S. tricuspis, Getaz, Costa Rica; of

Salassina, S. crassicauda (Keyserl.), South America,

9. Cephalic area separated from the thoracic by a deep semicircular groove. Femora i. and ii. with a series

of setigerous tubercles in front. Legs otherwise entirely devoid of spines. Tibia i. and il. sinuous, seen

in profile. Central quadrangle of eyes slightly wider behind, central posteriors half a diameter apart.

3 sf 2

500 ARANEIDEA.

~ Lateral eye-groups set on slightly prominent tubercles. Vulva without scapus. Mandibles with two

teeth above and three below.

Since the publication of my Table of the genera of the Araneine (antea, pp. 494-457),

the male of this genus has been detected, and Salassina proves to be identical with

Edricus, O. P.-Cambr.*

1. Edricus spinigerus. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 25, 25a, ¢.)

Edricus spinigerus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 57, t. 4. figg. 1, la-f(3)';

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 33, t. 2. figg. 30, 80 a-d (3) °.

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim. .

Hab. Guatemata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

It is very probable that LE. spinigerus is the male of £. crassicauda or E. tricuspis.

2. Edricus productus. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 26, 26a, d, 3.)

Edricus productus, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arach. Aran. 1. p. 186, t. 23. figg. 5,5 a-e (3).

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Sinith').

3. Edricus crassicauda. (Salassina crassicauda, Tab. XLVII. figg. 21,

21 a,b, 2.)

Epeira crassicauda, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. ‘PD 806, t. 18. figg. 8, 4 (9)

(1865) °.

Cyciosa crassicauda, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 270, t. 14. figg. 200, 200 a (?)’.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length 7:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mexico city, Atoyac (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Chicoyoito (Sarg) ;

Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Cotomnta ' ®.

4, Edricus tricuspis.

Salassia tricuspis, Getaz, An. Inst. Costa Rica, iv. p. 105 (1893) *.

Type, 2, in Mus. Costa Rica. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Getaz').

* The position which Edricus, as represented by the male, should hold in the table of genera on p. 455 is

as follows :—

a’. Tibia il. with an apophysis near the middle or towards the apex, bearing

one or two spines.

a’, Tibia ii. with a stout apophysis near the middle, bearing a pair of

spines atits apex . . . . . soe ee - « . . . . WeERRucosA, McCook.

b°. Tibia ii. with a more slender apophysis towards the apex, bearing a

single, long, stout, apical spine. . . . . . Enpxricus, 0. P.-Cambr. (Satassrna, Simon),

b". Tibia ii. without a central or apical apophysis.

a’, Central quadrangle of eyes not narrower behind. . . ... . . » Wusxta, 0. P.-Cambr.

b*. Central quadrangle of eyes narrower behind.

METAZYGIA. 501

METAZYGIA, gen. nov.

Type M. wittfelde (McCook) *. North America.

3. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and

chitinous ridge respectively. Coxa i. with a small tubercle above. Tibia ii. not incrassate, with a series

of two spines and two bristles beneath, and a single spine on the inner side close to the base, on the

upper margin; with a series of five spines on the lower margin of the inner side, the apical pair close

together, stouter and more specialized. Patella of pedipalp bearing a single apical spine. Femora i.—iv.

without spines beneath. Tarsal sheath of palpus with a well-developed basal uncus; tibia enlarged on

the outer side. LEye-groups not prominent. Posterior and anterior rows slightly recurved. Central

quadrangle much narrower behind; posterior eyes slightly smaller, less than half a diameter apart;

anterior centrals two diameters apart. Lateral eyes one-third of a diameter apart. Coxe and

trochanters i., iii., and iv. without spines or spurs. Patella of legs with a fine apical bristle only.

Q. Carapace convex behind the eyes, not gibbous in the thoracic region. Eyes situated as in the male:

Sternum slightly longer than broad. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Legs armed with

_ numerous short spines, especially on the inner side of tibie and protarsi i. and ii. Femora i.—iv. entirely

devoid of spines beneath. Vulva with a very short tuberculiform scapus. Abdomen oval. Colulus

present. Protarsi i. and ii. with spines beneath.

The two species occurring in the collection may be known as follows :—

Females. |

1. Posterior margin of vulva convex, not bilobate. Apex of scapus, seen

in profile, more or less unciform . . . . . 2 ee ee) 6wittfelde, McCook.

2. Posterior margin of vulva concave in the middle, deeply bilobate.

Apex of scapus, seen in profile, not unciform . . . . . . . . gregalis, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Metazygia wittfelde. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 22, 3; 23, 23 a-c, 2.)

Epeira wittfelde, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 168, t. 7. figg. 6, 6 a-c (?),7,7a,6(3)*.

Type @, androtype g, in coll. McCook. Total length, 2 9, ¢ 7 millim.

A large species, with dark brown cephalic area, pale yellow-brown legs, and clay-yellow abdomen, with a large

central scalloped folium, outlined in black. ;

In the ? the femora are without spines beneath, The central quadrangle of eyes is smaller behind, the poste-

rior eyes being almost in contact. In both sexes tibia i. and ii. bear four or five fine auditory hairs on

each side, on the upper basal area; and one or two on tibie iii. andiv. Inthe ¢ the hook on coxai. is

present, and tibia ii. bears one or two specialized spines at its apex on the inner side. The patella of the

palpus has a single spine only.

Hab. Nortu America, Florida !.—Mexico, Mexican boundary, Tuxtla (H. H. Smith)

Without being able to state with certainty, it is highly probable that the specimens

before me from Mexico are identical with McCook’s species. The scapus of the vulva

of the female is not, however, in any of these examples free at its apex, forming a

hook, as represented in McCook’s figure.

2, Metazygia gregalis. (Tab. XLVII. figg. 24, 24a-f, 2.)

_Epeira gregalis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 22, t.5. figg. 3, 8 a-c (3)?

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 177, t. 9. figg. 181, 131 @ (?),1314,¢(¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. ‘Total length 8-10 millim.

Hab. Guatemata?; Costa Rica (Rogers); Panama, Veragua (Boucard !).—Braziu. 2,

* The species here identified, described and figured as M. wittfelde (McCook).

502 ARANEIDEA.

The two examples in the collection are similar in general characters, both of structure

and pattern, to MZ. wittfeld@, but the form of the vulva (see Plate) is quite different in

detail, and is sufficient for purposes of identification. One cannot say for certain

whether the example figured as a variety really belongs here.

ACACESIA.

Acacesia, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 795 (1895).

Type A. foliata (Hentz)=.A. folifera, Marx. North America.

¢. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and

chitinous ridge respectively. Coxa i. with a large coniform spur basally above. Tibia iil. incrassate,

without series of spines on the inner side, but with two or more spines towards the base, one or two

very long central spines, and two or more shorter curved spines towards the apex of the underside of the

segment. Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine. Femur i. without spines, ii. with a series of

five spines in the apical half; iii. and iv. with a few spines beneath. Tarsal sheath of palpus with a

well-developed basal uncus ; tibia not bilobate. Eye-groups not prominent. Posterior row of eyes very

strongly recurved ; anterior row straight by the margin of the clypeus. Central quadrangle slightly

narrower behind; posterior eyes much smaller, two diameters apart; anterior centrals separated by

three-fourths of a diameter. Coxa and trochanter iv. with a short, stout spine; ii. and iii. devoid of

spines or spurs.

Q@. Carapace slightly gibbous on each side of the central groove, but inclining upwards towards the eyes.

Eye-formula practically the same as in the ¢, but the eyes of the central quadrangle more widely

separate. Sternum not longer than broad. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Legs

armed with very fine spines only ; femora entirely devoid of spines beneath. Vulva with the scapus short

and broad, fused to the basal portion ; directed backwards. Colulus present. Protarsi with one or two

very fine spines beneath.

Simon makes a curious mistake in referring Epeira vegeta, Keyserl., to this genus,

since it obviously belongs to Eustala, in which the vulva of the female is directed

forwards, and the male has specialized spines on tibia ii. Keyserling’s species presents

neither of these characters.

1. Acacesia foliata. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 1, lace, ¢; 2, 2a-e, 2.)

Epeira foliata, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. p. 475, t. 31. fig. 14 (¢)7* ; Spid. U.S. (ed.

Burgess), p. 116, t. 13. fig. 14, t. 18. fig. 50 (9); Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi.

p- 318, t. 87. figg. 7, 8, 10 (3), 6,9 (2) °*; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 154, t. 4. figg. 8,

8a(s),7(2)*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 255%. .

Epeira folifera, Marx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 545, 593°,

Hab. Norta America1~4°—Muxico, Tepic (fide Banks®), Misantla (F. D. 4), |

Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaa, Chicoyoito (Sarg); Costa Rica (Rogers) ;

Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

Emerton’s identification of this species is most likely correct, and since his are the

first recognizable figures one must accept it as final. There is no reasonable doubt

that the examples in our collection are identical with Emerton’s specimens, unless

there are several closely allied forms. The species, too, figured in McCook’s work is

ACACESIA.—EUSTALA. 503

also probably the same, though the sketch of the palpus of the male leaves much to

be desired in point of definition, while the vulva of the female is not figured.

EUSTALA.

Eustala, E. Simon, Hist. Nat: Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 795 (1895).

Type £. anastera, Walck. North America,

¢. Coxa i, with a hook and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with a coniform spur and

chitinous ridge respectively. Coxa i. with a small tubercle above towards its base. ‘Tibia ii. slightly

incrassate, with three or: four spines beneath and a double series of 6—5 long spines, the upper series

longer, on the inner side, besides dorsal spines. Patella of pedipalp bearing a single apical spine.

Femur i. with a series of three spines on the apical fourth, ii. with four spines about the middle, and iii.

and iv. devoid of spines, beneath. Tarsal sheath of palpus with a well-developed basal uncus ; tibia

bilobate. Lateral eye-groups very slightly prominent. Central anterior eyes prominent. Posterior row

very slightly recurved; laterals very small, one-fourth of a diameter apart. Anterior row straight.

Central quadrangle broader than long, narrower behind ; central posteriors small, one diameter apart ;

central anteriors much larger, one full diameter apart. Coxe and trochanters ii., iii, and iv. without

spurs or spines.

Q. Carapace very convex, or gibbous, on each side of the central groove, much depressed towards the eyes.

Posterior row of eyes very much recurved ; anterior row straight, by the margin of the clypeus. Central

quadrangle less narrow behind than in the male, otherwise the eye-formula is similar. Sternum one-

half longer than broad. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Legs armed with short spines;

femora i.—iv. entirely devoid of spines beneath. Vulva with the scapus and base fused together, @he scapus.

directed forwards. Abdomen triangular (very elongate in some species), projecting beyond the spinners.

Colulus present. Protarsi iiv. with spines beneath.

The type of this genus, £. anastera, Walck., is a species of very doubtful identity,

and it is possible that all the varieties quoted by McCook are correctly referred

to it by him. ‘There are, however, no data for either confirming his decisions

on the matter or the contrary, so that one can only settle which particular form we

are to regard as Walckenaer’s species. McCook was the first to give a definite

description and figure of the vulva of the female, by which we can with certainty

understand what he means by £. anastera, Walck. One cannot be quite so con-

fident as to the identity of the male, the palpus of which is figured by the same

author; but the “conductor” certainly looks as though the species were identical

with that referred to E. parvula, Keyserl., by Emerton, the females of this latter

evidently belonging to E. anastera, McCook. In the case of the male, I here take

Emerton’s decision, for there is no doubt about the identity of the species whose

palpus he figures (Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi.) under the name FE. parvula. Simon is

certainly wrong in referring E. tlicitta, O. P.-Cambr., to Larinia, of which the species

have no coxal hook in the male sex. Equally incorrect is this author in referring

E. vegeta, Keyserl., to Acacesia; this species has no special affinity with A. folifera,

Marx,=A. foliata, Hentz, but has the scape of the vulva “ antice directus,” a character

which separates the genus Lustala from <Acacesia, according to Simon’s own

diagnosis.

504 ARANEIDEA.

Males.

A. Abdomen elongate, narrow.

1. Uncus of palpus almost straight from base to apex, the latter broader

and irregularly serrate on the inner margin .

2. Uncus of palpus strongly curved from base to apex, not serrate on

inner margin, slightly recurved and aculeate at apex. . .

J}. Abdomen not elongate, triangular-oval.

a. Conductor of palpus, lying beneath the apex of the embolus, much

more prolonged, and more densely clothed with short setoid cusps.

Apical lobes much more densely setose

6. Conductor of palpus quite short, very sparsely clothed, ‘chiefly at

the apex, with setoid cusps. Apical lobes very sparsely setose.

a’. Uncus of palpus with a strong transverse conical basal

enlargement . oe . . Le

b', Uncus of palpus plain, without transverse enlargement at the

_ base.

. Embolus of palpal bulb longer i in proportion. Basal portion

of uncus much broader, apex slightly recurved . wee

b*. Embolus of palpal bulb shorter in proportion. Basal portion

of uncus narrower, apex regularly curved, falciform.

a’, Uncus of palpus with an enlarged shoulder on the inner

margin . 2 6 6 1 ew ew we ee eee ee

6°. Uncus of palpus without enlarged shoulder on the inner

margin . . 2. 6 « © © «© «

Females.

A. Abdomen narrow, elongate.

1. Abdomen more prolonged behind, forming a sharp conical point ;

vulva much broader, not abruptly constricted near the apex . .

2, Abdomen less prolonged behind, forming a short, bluntly rounded

cone; vulva narrower, abruptly constricted near its apex, then

dilate . .

B. Abdomen broad, rounded- triangular.

a. Ventral area of abdomen with a single central elongate-oval, or

. linear, white spot, immediately behind the genital rima.

a‘. Hairs on the abdomen not enlarged basally, simply and gradually

aculeate towards apex.

a, Abdomen with a large central dorsal folium, with. dentated

margins. Scapus of vulva much longer.

a’*, Abdomen not bituberculate at the apex; simply rounded,

- sometimes slightly conical. .

a‘, Scapus of vulva longer, broad basally, gradually or

abruptly narrowed to a fine point; the basal portion

transversely and strongly striate. .

a’, Scapus not abruptly narrowed

fuscovittata, Keyserl.

illicita, O. P.-Cambr.

anastera, Walck.

bifida, sp. n.

scutigera, O. P.-Cambr.

guttata, sp. n.

vegeta, Keyserl.

Juscovittata.

ulicita,

anastera.

EUSTALA, 505

6°. Scapus abruptly narrowed at its apex.

a’. Orifices (marked by circular black spots) not more

than one diameter apart . . . . . . . . .~ scutigera.

6°. Orifices from two to three diameters apart. . . . vegeta.

6°. Scapus of vulva shorter, very narrow basally, not trans-

versely striate.

a’. Scapus narrower, in profile broader basally, the shoulders

more prominent, the inner area of the horseshoe-

shaped portion elongate-oval. . . . . . . guttata.

b". Scapus broader, in profile narrow and bilobate basally,

the shoulders less prominent, the inner area of the

horseshoe-shaped portion transverse-oval . . . . Jdatebricola,O.P.-Cambr.

b°. Abdomen bituberculate at the apex . . . . . bifida.

6°, Abdomen simply dull white, without central folium. Scapus

of vulva much shorter . . . se ew ew ew ew we fragilis, O, P.-Cambr.

6’. Hairs on the abdomen enlarged basally. » ee ew 6 ee 6s Clavispina, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Ventral area of abdomen with a pair of circular white spots, trans-

versely situated in front of the spinners, . . . . . . . ~~ semifoliata,O. P.-Cambr,

1. Eustala fuscovittata. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 3, 3a, 3; 4, 4a-d, 9.)

Epeira fuscovittata, Keyser]. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 129, t. 6. fige.7,8 (2);

Spinn. Amer., Epeiridz, p,. 251, t. 13. figg. 187 4,¢ (¢), 187, 187 a (?)*; E. Simon, P.Z.S.

1897, p. 873°.

Epeira caudata, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 255, t. 15. fig. 5 (g 9) * (nec Hentz).

? Cyclosa thorelli, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 228, t. 19. figg. 11, ll a-c (?)°%

Type ¢, gynetype 9, of E. caudata, in coll. Calif. Acad.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks*), Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith)); Guaremara 2,

Chiacam, Sakiyac, Cahabon, Choctum (Sarg).—CoLompia!2; Venezveta?; AMAZONS

(F. P.-C.); Awntiuuxs, St. Vincent °.

This species is evidently widely distributed throughout Central and South America,

and probably occurs in the Gulf States of North America, if, as is highly probable, the

evidently immature example from Florida, described by McCook as Cyclosa thorelli®,

_is referable to it. The latter, however, of which the scapus of the vulva of the female

is larger, broader, and not abruptly dilate at its apex, is quite distinct from E. dllicita,

O. P.-Cambr. The sketches given by Banks of the male palpus and vulva leave little

doubt that his L. caudata is also identical with E. fuscovittata, Keyserl.; the lateral

clavis on the palpal bulb of the males of this spider is also quite distinct in form from

that of the same sex of L. illicita.

The female varies a good deal in form, having a broad-oval abdomen when pregnant,

while the vulva, too, though preserving its unmistakable character, is variable in

shape.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., Apri] 1904. 3 rt

506 ARANEIDEA.

2. Kustala illicita. (Tab, XLVIII. figg. 5, 6; 6, 6a-e, 2.)

Epeira illicita, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 17, t. 6. figg. 16, 16 a—c (2)°.

Epeira cambridgii, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 255, t. 18. figg. 190, 1904, 6 (2)*.

Type @, deuterotype d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, Q 8-10, d 5 millim.

Hab. Mzxico, Atoyac, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata®, Chapallal, Yzabal,

Guatemala city (Sarg).

The female of this species is less elongate and the abdomen is not so much produced

at the apex as in 4. fuscovittata, while the legs are usually more strongly annulate,

and the scapus of the vulva is abruptly dilate at its apex, forming a triangular bilobate

process. The lateral clavis of the palpus of the male, too, is distinct in form,

see Plate.

8. Eustala anastera. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 7, 7a, 6, 3; 8, 84, 6, 2.)

Eustala anastera, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 33’; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, no. 881 (¢)*; McCook,

Amer. Spid. iii. p. 172, t. 8. figg. 1, la-g (2), 2,24, 3 (3) °; E. Simon, P. Z.8. 1897,

p. 8734,

Epeira parvula, Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 131, t. 6. figg. 9,10 (¢)’;

Emerton, Trans. Conn, Acad. Sci. vi. p. 317, t. 34. figg. 12, 12a, b, ¢ (2), t. 87. figg. 1 (3S),

2(2?)°.

? Epeira prompta (Hentz), Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 253",

Type, 9, of EZ. anastera (= Abbot's figure no. 381) and of Z. parvula, 2, in Mus. Brit.; deuterotype, ¢, of

E. parvula, in coll, Emerton. Total length, ¢ 3-5, 9 5-7 millim.

Hab. Norra America!-356; Lowrer Cauirornia (fide Banks 7).—Mexico, Tepic

(fide Banks"), Orizaba, Acapulco, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatrmaua, Huehuetenango,

Antigua (Sarg); Costa Rica, San José (Sarg).— ANTILLES, St. Vincent *.

The male of this spider can be instantly recognized by the form of the conductor of

the palpal embolus, it being much longer than in the allied species and densely setose,

while the various sclerites at the apex of the bulb are densely covered throughout

with small cusps. The uncus of the palpus is slender and uniformly sinuous, not

enlarged basally, see Table and Plate.

The female may also be easily identified by the elongate, wedge-shaped, transversely

furrowed scapus of the vulva, basally broad, gradually narrowed to a point, which

is seen, in profile, to be curved downwards, forming a slender hook. This scapus is

somewhat variable in form, especially as regards the shape of the basal horseshoe-

shaped portion, which usually presents a couple of minute pits, see Table and Plate.

As regards the identification of Epeira anastera, Walck., one must accept that —

given by McCook. ‘The species thus named by him is certainly, if the figure of the

vulva is to be regarded as conclusive, not separable from E. parvula, Keyserl. ( 2 ), of

which the.types from Wisconsin are now before me. It is identical, too, with the

. EUSTALA. 507

female of Emerton’s EZ. parvula, and with many examples in our collection. ‘The

striking variety, in which the abdomen presents a large shield-shaped brown patch in

the centre, characteristic also of E. scutigera, O. P.-Cambr., occurs amongst Keyser-

ling’s examples. The abdomen varies very much in colour. |

Emerton was the first author who assigned a male to the species, in connection

with any recognizable characters, and his figure of the palpus proves that the examples

thus named by him are identical also with those which I find in the collection of

Keyserling, who, however, did not characterize them when he described E. parvula.

Several males exhibiting similar marks of distinction occur in our Central-American

material in company with females which I refer to E. anastera.

It is evidently a very abundant species. H. H. Smith remarks :— Swarms on low

growth in the cacao-plantations and in shady woods everywhere; frequently a hundred

or more may be seen in the space of a square yard, under and on the top of the leaves.

They were found spinning a perpendicular, geometrical, orb-web of 5-7 inches in

diameter.”

4, Kustala bifida, sp.n. (Tab. XLVIII. fige. 9, 9 a-c, ¢; 10, 10 a-c, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, 2 10 millim.

é. Colour similar to that of the 2 (see below). Palpus: the tarsal hook is dilate, but in a less bilobate

form than in £. guttata; the clavis has no cavity at its base on the inner side, merely a small, elongate

apophysis, which bears a few hairs at its apex ; the conductor is short, broadly rounded at its apex, and

studded with setz; the uncus is much dilated at its base, the point coming out from beneath the more or

less transverse basal portion ; the embolus is broad, spatuliform at its apex, and the apical sclerite of the

bulb is only moderately setose or cuspulate.

Q. Colour very variable: carapace dull orange, mottled with brown; legs dull orange, the apical half of the

- femora brown, the other segments mottled and annulated with brown; sternum brown, with a large

gellow central patch; abdomen dull yellow-white, with a large brown dentate central folium, the sides

mottled with brown, the ventral area brown, with a white central elongate blotch. Central quadrangle of

eyes as wide behind as, or slightly wider (in the male slightly narrower) than, in front. Abdomen bifid

behind, exhibiting two conical tubercles. Vulva characteristic, the scapus being short, broad dorsally,

and attenuate apically ; the horseshoe-shaped portion broad and widely open anteriorly, the orifices marked

by very prominent, shining, black tubercles, two and a half diameters apart, the area being deeply and

broadly furrowed longitudinally in the middle. Viewed laterally, the tubercles are much more prominent

than in the other species here described.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José (Tristan).

This form appears to be quite distinct, and it can be distinguished from the other

species of the genus by its large size, the shape of the uncus of the palpus in the

male, and by that of the vulva in the female. . conchlea, McCook, from California

and Florida, seems to be an allied species; it is a large form, and has one tubercle on

the apex of the abdomen. The female of EL. clavispina is also bituberculate at the

apex of the abdomen, but it can readily be distinguished by the nature of the spines

and the form of the vulva.

508 ARANEIDEA.

5. Eustala scutigera. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 11, ¢; 12, 12a-g, 2.) |

Epeira scutigera, O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 243, t. 33. figg. 8,

8a-e(?)*.

Epeira nava, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 800, t. 37. figg. 5, 5 a-d (2).

Type 2. deuterotype 3, of EZ. scutigera, and type, 9, of Z. nava, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length,

Hab. Mrxico, Teapa in Tabasco 12, Acapulco (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Cahabon,

San Juan Chamelco, Coban (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The male of this species can be distinguished from that of E. vegeta by the form of

the palpal uncus and conductor. The vulva of the female, in all the examples before

me, is very similar to that of EF. vegeta, but the orifices are not more than one diameter

apart. ‘The carapace is usually without spots.

6. Eustala guttata, sp.n. (Tab. XLVIII. fige. 13, 13 a-d, ¢; 14,144, 2.)

Type gd, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. ‘Total length, ¢ 5, 9 7 millim.

¢. Colour similar to that of the Q@ (see below). The palpus presents the same general characters as in other

allied species, but the uncus has a rounded shoulder on the inner side basally, without a large conical

development as in ZL. bifida. The conductor is very similar to that of H. vegeta, but not so obtusely

rounded at its apex, while the embolus is narrower apically and much longer proportionately than in

that species.

@. Carapace dull yellow, with six minute punctiform black spots, in two transverse rows of two and four,

across the middle. Legs yellow ; femora, tibie, and protarsi with two dark annuli, tarsi apically dark,

the other segments speckled with black or dark brown. Abdomen dull cretaceous-white, with a central,

dentated, mottled brown folium, the exact pattern and coloration being very variable; ventral area with

the usual dull white elongate central spot. Sternum entirely yellow. The vulva is characteristic,

though much resembling that of H. latebricola. The scapus is very narrow and slender, not broad or

transversely wrinkled basally as in other allied species, while the anterior margins (or shoulders) of the

basal portion are rounded, hard, and chitinous. The black spots which mark the orifices are usually

almost in contact, but never more than one diameter apart. In profile, the scapus is much broader

basally than in Z. latebricola. The six small black spots on the carapace are present in all the examples

before me, but are also found in £. vegeta, &e.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Teapa (H. H. Smith) ; Guaremaua, Coban, Cahabon (Sarg) ;

Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

7. Hustala latebricola. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 15, 15a, 2.)

Epeira latebricola, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 81, t. 8. figg. 4,

4a,6b(¢)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 150, t. 7. figg. 110, 110a(?)*

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Hab. GuateMaLa?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion '),

The resemblance of the type of this species to Cyrtarachne, noted in Vol. I., is

simply due to the fact that the specimen is shrunk and the outline distorted.

EUSTALA. 009

8. Eustala vegeta. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 16, ¢; 17,174, 4, 2.)

Epeira vegeta, Keyserl. Verh. z00l.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 819, t. 19. figg. 31-34 ( ¢ ) (1865) °;

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 144, t. 7. figg. 106 d-e (¢), 106, 106a(¢)*.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, ¢ 6:2, ? 7:3 millim.

Hab. Mexico?, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith); Guatemata *.—CoLomBiA! ;

BRAZIL 2.

The male of this species closely resembles that of E. scutigera, but the uncus of the

palpus is of a different shape and the conductor is not sharply angled. The embolus

itself is shorter than in £. guttata, and the uncus in this latter is also dissimilar

in form, see Table and Plate. ‘The vulva of the female is characteristic, the clavis

broad and transversely wrinkled at the base, abruptly narrowed apically, the black

spots marking the orifices being at least two diameters apart. The dorsal folium

of the abdomen is liable to the same variation which is characteristic of the type of

E. scutigera, as also is that of £. anastera.

9. Eustala fragilis. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 18, 18, 2.)

Epeira fragilis, O. P.-Cambr. Biol.-Centr. Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 23, t. 4. figg. 18,

18 a-c (?)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 186, t. 9. figg. 137, 187 a (?)°*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim,

Hab. GuaTEMALA?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

10. Hustala clavispina. (Tab. XLVIII. fige. 19,194, ¢.)

Epeira clavispina, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 87, t. 7. figg. 11,

ll a—-d (?)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 102, t. 5. figg. 75, 75 a-c (?)*; Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 253°.

Amamra nigromaculata, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 155, t. 19. figg. 5, 5 a-e (2) *. .

Type, 2, of EZ. clavispina, and that of FE. nigromaculata, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length

9-12-25 millim.

Abdomen bituberculate behind, in profile ; clothed with short scattered hairs ; abruptly dilate basally, apically

aculeate. Carapace and legs dull orange, femora with two black annuli towards the apex, nearly

obsolete on iii. and iv.; other segments faintly annulate; protarsi with a basal, median, and apical

annulus. Abdomen clay-yellow, with bistre-brown markings, especially on the sides; the pattern

usually consisting of a narrow, brown, central line, with the sides slashed upwards from below.

Vulva similar in general character to that of other allied species. Scapus, seen from below, broad,

elongate, flattened, usually dilate, and rounded at the apex; the horseshoe-shaped portion narrowly .

open in front, with a single low tubercle anteriorly in the centre, and a characteristic deep fovea on each

side, the central area being much broader than long and comparatively small. .

Hab. Lower Catirornta?.—Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith*); Guatz-

MALA 2, Cubilguitz in Vera Paz (Sarg *).

Banks treats Epeira conchlea, McCook, as synonymous with £. clavispina, but this

identification is not at all likely to be correct.

510 ARANEIDEA.

11. Kustala semifoliata. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 20, 20a, 2.)

Epeira semifoliata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 301, t. 36. figg. 3,

3a-c (?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Carapace dull orange-yellow, with six small black spots on the central stria and two smaller ones behind the

posterior eyes. Legs orange-yellow ; femora almost entirely suffused with brown, the other segments

lightly annulated with brown. Sternum in great part yellow. Abdomen yellow-white, with a narrow

dark dentated band in the apical half (the posterior portion of the usual folium) ; ventral area brown,

this colour extending upwards over the lateral margins, with four very small white spots round the

spinners and two large rounded white spots between the latter and the genital rima. Ocular area very

prominent in the centre, quadrangle slightly narrower behind. Vulva broad and short; scapus very

broad basally, transversely wrinkled, abruptly narrowed and curving downwards at its apex, and deeply

indented dorsally at the sides.

Hab. Guatemata, Cahabon (Sarg); Costa Rica (Sarg 1).

The following species are placed for the present under the name Aranea, since it is

next to impossible to determine their generic affinities with any degree of accuracy.

They are as far as possible brought together into their natural groups. The forms

described in Vol. I. under the genera Kaira, Carepalxis, Scoloderus, and Cyrtarachne

represent good and distinct groups; Cyrtarachne 10-tuberculata belongs, however, to

Simon’s genus Glyptogona. Epeiroides fasciolata, O. P.-Cambr., must be referred

to the Theriosommatine ; Hentzia trivittata, O. P.-Cambr., probably to the Metine.

1. Aranea sinistra, sp.n. (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 21, 21a, b, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 20 millim.

General characters similar to those of Epetra destricta, O. P.-Cambr., but the lateral eye-groups are further

removed from the central quadrangle, and the abdomen has only one pair of coniform tubercles—a tubercle

on each anterior shoulder. Tibic i. and ii. with 6—6 long spines on each side beneath. Patella of the

palpus with a pair of apical spines. Vulva very broad at the base and dilate, the scapus being broad and

concave above, recurved, with a narrow, central, longitudinal carina, see Plate. The carapace is

dusky yellow-brown, the whole body being clothed with coarse yellow hairs. All the segments of the

legs marked with dusky brown apical and median annuli, the femora having a basal one as well;

the tarsi and patelle with a single apical annulus only. The abdomen, which is somewhat faded in

colour, has the usual white cross-mark on the centre anteriorly, with a narrow, elongate, ~\-shaped,

dentate folium behind; the sides mottled with umber-brown; ventral area with a broad black central

band, enclosing an elongate-oval yellow blotch on each side anteriorly, these latter again enclosing an

oval black-brown spot.

_ Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

No males which I can refer to this species occur in the collection, and the females

described possibly belong near the group of which Epeira destricta is the type.

ARANEA, 511

2. Aranea nephiloides, (Tab. XLVIII. figg. 22, 22a, b, 2.)

Epeira nephiloides, O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 32, t. 7. figg. 2,

2a-c (?), 1, la (9, var.)’; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 222, t. 11. figg. 165,

165 a, b(?)*; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 190, t. 14. figg. 5, 6, 6a, 4, t. 22. figg. 6,

6a-c (9)’,

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 17 millim.

Hab. Nortu America 3, California ?.—GuatEMALA? 3, Dolores, Cubilguitz, Menché,

Panzos (Sarg '). |

This fine species, of which the male is at present unknown to me, will probably

fall either into or near the group of which Epeira purpurascens is the type.

3. Aranea smithi. (Tab, XLIX. figg. 1, 1 a, 6, 2 .)

Epeira smithi, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 280, t. 37. figg. 4,

4a-d (¢)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 12 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith ').

Probably belongs to the same group as the preceding.

4, Aranea sargi. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 2, 2 a-c, 2.)

Epeira sargi, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 28, t. 6. fee | 5, 5a-e (2).

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8°5 millim.

Hab. Guatemaua, Chilasco (Sarg 1).

Another species apparently related to Epeira purpurascens.

5. Aranea concolorata, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 8, 3a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Carapace, mandibles, legs, sternum, and abdomen pale primrose-yellow (possibly grass-green in life), Femora

without, and the tibise and protarsi with, spines beneath; patella with an apical bristle. Mandibles

with three teeth on the lower margin of the fang-groove. Both rows of eyes straight; central quadrangle

narrower behind; eyes subequal, posteriors one diameter, and anteriors one and a half diameters, apart.

Sternum scarcely longer than broad.

Vulva produced into a short scapus, whose apex is recurved, having a rounded tubercle on each side,

see Plate.

Hab. Panama, Veragua (Boucard).

6. Aranea gravabilis, (Tab. XLIX. figg. 4, 4a-c, 2.)

Epeira gravabilis, O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 338, t. 5. figg. 7

7a-c(?)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion ').

512 ARANEIDEA.

7. Aranea aculifera. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 5, 5 a-c, 2.)

Epeira aculifera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 29, t. 7. figg. 3,

3a—c (?.)'; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 207, t. 10. figg. 153, 153a,5 (2) *.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

Hab. Guatemata?, Volcan de Fuego (Sarg ').

g. Aranea glabrata, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 6, 6 a-e, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace brown, paler at the base of the cephalic area and on the margins. Sternum and mandibles brown.

Legs yellow, apex of tibiee brown. Abdomen with a large, oval, yellow, dorsal patch, bearing a central

darker-outlined folium, which is often obsolete; a broad yellow band running round it, separating the

black lateral area from the ventral, not meeting in front and converging towards the spinners behind,

thence carried upwards on each side in a broken line to meet the yellow dorsal patch; ventral area

black, with a single pale spot in the middle on each side.

Tibie and protarsi i. and ii. with spines beneath; patelle without apical spine; femora without spines

beneath. Both rows of eyes straight; central quadrangle narrower behind, posterior centrals smaller,

half a diameter apart.

Vulva furnished with a long excentrically sinuous scapus, the first lobe coiled over to the right; its apex

attenuate, not spatuliform.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

9, Aranea bispinosa.

Epeira bispinosa, Keyser]. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiy. p. 531, t. 13. fig. 30 (2) (1884) °;

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 124, t. 6. fig. 92 (¢)*; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 180, t. 9.

fig. 8(2)°.

Type, 2, in Mus, Cambridge, U.S.A. Total length 5:3 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, California! 2°, Arizona? ?,—Panama °?,—ANTILLES, Haiti 3,

This species, of which good figures are given in both Keyserling’s and McCook’s

works, belongs to the same group as A. anguinifera, described below.

10. Aranea incerta. (Tab. XLIX. fige. 7, ¢; 8, 8a-c, 2.)

Epeira incerta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 23, t. 4. figg. 15,15 a—c (2 )*s

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 163, t. 8. figg. 120, 120 a, b (?)’.

Epeira fecunda, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 26, t. 6. figg. 9, 9a-c (3), 10, 10a (¢)*; Keyserl.

loc. cit. p. 164, t. 8. figg. 121, 1214, 4 (2), 12le-e(g)*

Type Q, deuterotype g, of E. incerta, and type ¢, gynetype 2, of E. fecunda, in coll. Godman & Salvin.

Total length, 9 8, ¢ 4:5 millim.

g 2. Colour very variable. Carapace, mandibles, sternum, and legs yellow-orange, the former often with a

dark central line; the legs sometimes with dark annuli at the apex of the segments, the femora frequently

suffused with brown. Abdomen in some specimens with a well-marked folium, in others unicolorous, or

mottled white and brown, the most constant marking being an elongate, white, central, anterior, dorsal

patch with a dark marginal spot on each side. When present, the folium is usually,outlined in black,

anteriorly by a circular black line turned inwards, forming an angle behind, followed by a series of

transverse black bars, their extreme ends being bent and directed forwards, the bars becoming shorter

and the ends obsolete as they approach the spinners. The folium is usually bordered with a broad pale

band; the lateral area is dark; below this lies another pale area, while the ventral area again is dark,

ARANEA. O15

with a dull pale central band. Eyes subsimilar in the two sexes, the characteristic features being more

emphasized in the male; central quadrangle narrower behind, posterior centrals being in contact, the

anteriors one diameter apart; both rows recurved, the anterior slightly but distinctly. Legs clothed

with long, pale, oblique or almost erect hairs in both sexes.

3. Coxa i. with a hook, femur ii. with a groove; coxa and femur of pedipalp with a ridge and groove

respectively. Coxa i. with a small tubercle above. Patella of pedipalp with a single, long, curved, apical

bristle. Femora of legs without spines beneath; i. with a pair of conspicuous, long, adjacent spines about

the middle in front, besides other dorsal spines. Tibia ii. not incrassate, similar to tibia i., without any

specialization of spines. Patellee with a long apical spine. Legs otherwise also numerously spined.

Palpus. The bulb bears a long, broad, thin, curved, conspicuous conductor, apically broadened, but not

abruptly dilate as in A. dilatata; an elongate dilate lamina, not concave on the outer side, its apex

forming a short slightly curved point; and a short, stout, curved, serrate or cuspulate stylum.

2. Legs spinose, with long hairs as in the ¢; femora without spines beneath. Patella with an apical bristle.

Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Sternum slightly longer than broad.

Vulva consisting of a convex base, concave above in the middle, bearing a small elongate scapus, attenuate

when viewed from above, but seen in profile the apex is dilate, forming a circular, oval, thin, flat plate.

Hab, Mexico, Orizaba, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemaua? (Sarg*, Peckham‘),

Encuentros de Boloneb, Tamahu, Cahabon (Sarg); Costa Rica (Rogers ').

The male of this spider may be distinguished from that of A. dilatata by the lamina

of the palpal bulb being convex (not concave) and the conductor not abruptly dilate

on the outer side at the apex. It appears to be an abundant species in Central

America.

11. Aranea dilatata, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. fig. 9, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).

Very like the male of A. incerta, but with the lamina of the palpal bulb concave

(not convex), while the conductor is abruptly dilate on the outer side near its apex.

12. Aranea helvola. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 10, 10 a-c, 9.)

Epeira helvola, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 24, t. 5. figg. 1, 1 a—c (fo),

2, 2a, 6 (%)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 221, t. ll. figg. 164, 164a (¢),

164 5,¢(3)’.

Epeira helveola, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 253°.

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5:25, 9 6 millim.

Hab. Norra America, California (fide Banks, det. Marx *).—Mextico, Ciudad in

Durango (Horrer!); GUATEMALA ”.

13. Aranea nigrocincta, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 11, 1la, 3; 12, 12,6, 2.)

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3:5, 9 5 millim.

¢ Q. Carapace dull orange-brown, suffused with blackish in front; mandibles blackish; legs and sternum

orange-brown. Abdomen globular, appearing pure white, owing to the numerous cretaceous spots,

having a broad black zone in front. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved, anterior row straight ;

central quadrangle narrower behind.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. IT., June 1904. 3uf

D14 ARANEIDEA.

g. Femora without spines beneath; tibia ii. not incrassate, but armed with five long spines on the inner

side ; patella with an apical spine ; coxa iv., and sometimes also iii., with a single short, sharp spine.

Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine; coxa i, and femur i. with well-developed hook and

groove respectively ; coxa and femur of pedipalp with a cusp and ridge, coxa i. with a small tubercle

above. For palpal bulb, see Plate.

2. Femora of legs without spines beneath; tibie and protarsi with a row of fine spines beneath ; patelle

with an apical bristle. .

Vulva consisting of a basal piece, with a long narrow scapus, having near its base on each side a rounded

tubercle; the base of the scapus enlarged, corrugated, concave, having a small, concave, circular orifice on

each side, and furnished anteriorly with a pencil of very long bristles.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

14. Aranea pallidula. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 13, 134, 4, 2.)

Epeira pallidula, Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 124, t. 4. figg. 14,15 (2);

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 158, t. 8. figg. 116, 116 a (?) *,

Type, 2, in Brit. Mus. Total length 8°5 millim.

2. Carapace, mandibles, legs, and sternum pale orange-brown, a central cephalic line dusky brown and the

apices of the leg-segments sometimes tinged with brown. Abdomen globular-ovate, almost entirely

white; in some examples with an indistinct dentated dorsal folium; ventral area dull olive-brown.

Femora of legs without spines beneath ; tibie and protarsi i. and ii. with a double row of strong spines

beneath ; patella with an apical spine. Vulva exhibiting a slender scapus, laterally compressed and

dilate at its apex, with a large ear-shaped orifice on each side.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Co.oms1a, Bogota.

15. Aranea anguinifera, sp.n. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 14, 144, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Carapace, mandibles, and legs yellow, sternum dusky brown. Abdomen with a low shoulder-cusp on each

side, black in front, white behind ; with an indistinct folium, its apical half forming a broad, dusky,

dentate band, whence, on each side, broken oblique dark lines run down to meet the brownish lateral

areas ; ventral area brown, margined laterally by a yellow (or pale) band. Tibia and protarsi i. and ii.

with spines beneath; femora devoid of spines beneath. Patelle with a stout apical spine. Central

quadrangle of eyes square, not narrower behind, posterior centrals three-fourths of a diameter apart,

larger than the anterior centrals. Both rows of eyes approximately straight.

Vulva very characteristic, its scapus being coiled across and across, the apical portion drawn back on itself,

terminating in a flat spatula.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H/. H. Smith).

This species belongs to a group of which A. pacifica, McCook, and A. bispinosa,

McCook, in America, and A. triguttata, Fabr., and A. sturmi, Hahn, in Europe, are

examples.

16. Aranea septem-mammata. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 15, 15 a-c, 9.)

Epeira septem-mammata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 42, t. 7. figg. 6,

6 a—c (2); Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 89, t. 4. figg. 67, 67 a (9) *.

Type, @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5-5-7 millim.

Hab. Guatema.a?, Choctum (Sarg ').

ARANEA. 515

17. Aranea spinigera, (Tab. XLIX. figg. 16, 16a-c, 2.)

Epeira spinigera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 43, t. 5. figg. 9 (3), 10

10 a-c (2) *; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 131, t. 7. figg. 97, 97 a, b (2) *; McCook,

Amer. Spid. iii. p. 191, t. 14. figg. 8, 8a-d (2),4(5)°%.

Type 2, androtype ¢ (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4:5, 2 9 millim.

Hab. Nortn America *.—Guatemala?; Panama®, Bugaba (Champion!)

18. Aranea rufipes. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 17, 17 a-c, 2.)

Epeira rufipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 31, t 4. figg. 12, L2a-c (2)':

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 176, t. 8. figg. 180, 180 a (?)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9°75 millim.

Hab. GuateMAta 2, Sabo in Vera Paz (Champion').

19. Aranea detrimentosa. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 18, 18a, °.)

Epeira detrimentosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 26, t. 6. figg. 7,

7a, b (3)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 137, t. 7. figg. 101, 101 a-c (2),

101 d,e(¢)°*; Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 253°.

Epeira nigrohumeralis, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 11], t. 15. figg. 8, 3a-d(9)*.

Type of E. detrimentosa, 3, and of E. nigrohumeralis, 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin; and deuterotype, @, in

Mus. Brit. Total length, ¢ 2°25, 9 4:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (fide Banks *), Venta de Zopilote (HZ. H. Smith*); Guarn-

MALA 2, Petab, Chicoyoito, Chilasco (Sarg !), Antigua (Stod/ 1).

20. Aranea cylindrica. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 19, 19a, ¢; 20, 20a-c, 9.)

Epeira cylindrica, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 19, t. 7. figg. 12,

12 a-c (g), 18,1384, 5 (?)".

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5-75, 9 7-9 millim.

3 2. Carapace, legs, mandibles, and sternum orange-yellow, the carapace having in the male broad brown

marginal bands and a narrow dark central band. Abdomen pale yellow, with four narrow white longi-

tudinal bands, a median anterior and posterior black spot, and a lateral anterior and posterior black spot

on each side; lateral area with a broad black band, which takes a sudden dip towards the ventral area

in the apical half; ventral area black, broadly margined with pale colour.

3g. Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine. Coxa i. with a hook and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa

and femur of pedipalp with a cusp and ridge respectively. Tibia ii. not incrassate, with three or four

pairs of spines on the inner-under side. Femora without spines. Tibia i. with pairs of spines on the

inner side.

Q. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved, anterior row straight. Central quadrangle narrower behind,

posterior centrals smaller, almost in contact. Femora without spines beneath; tibia and protarsi

i. and ii. with pairs of spines beneath; patella without apical spine.

Vulva consisting of a convex chitinous hood, with a /“\-shaped emargination posteriorly ; concave beneath,

with a central carina and an orifice on each side.

Hab. Guatemaua, Saviexptr, Cahabon (Sarg !).

516 “ARANEIDEA.

21. Aranea laticeps. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 21, 21 a-c, ¢.)

Epeira laticeps, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 18, t. 4. figg. 16,

16a-c (¢?)'.

Type, , in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

Carapace, sternum, and mandibles brown. Legs orange-yellow, the segments suffused with light brown

apically. Abdomen dull white, with a narrow central dusky line, and an elongate folium formed by

dusky blotches, margined with a pale line; lateral area dusky brown, with three obliquely curving pale

bands in the apical third ; ventral area black, broadly margined with pale colour. Anterior row of eyes

straight, posterior row slightly recurved ; central quadrangle narrower behind, posterior centrals smaller,

half a diameter apart. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Femora i. with a row of six or

seven sharp spines on the inner-under side ; ii., iii., and iv. without spines beneath. Tibisw and protarsi

1. and ii. with spines beneath. Patelle without apical spines.

Vulva consisting of a broad chitinous hood, concave above, its posterior margin sinuous and somewhat

bent down.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion *).

22. Aranea nigropustulata, (Tab. XLIX. figg. 22, 22 a-c, 2.)

Epeira nigropustulata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 111, t. 15. figg. d,

5a,b(s)’.

Type ¢ (immature), deuterotype ?, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5°5, 2 9 millim.

9. Carapace, mandibles, and sternum yellow-brown or orange; legs yellow-brown, the apices of the tibie

and those of tarsi iii. and iv. decidedly black, those of the other segments dusky brown. Abdomen yellow-

white, with three partially united square black spots on each side of the anterior dorsal region, followed

laterally at the apex by a black rounded boss, with two round black spots in a line between them ;

lateral area yellow-white ; ventral area bearing a narrow brown band and a narrow, central, pale line.

Femora of legs without spines beneath. Tibiew and protarsi i. and ii. with a double series, somewhat

irregular. of spines beneath. Lower margin of fang-groove with three teeth. Patelle with a fine apical

bristle only. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurved, anterior row straight ; central quadrangle narrow

behind, the eyes approximately equal ; posterior centrals scarcely one diameter apart.

Vulva consisting of a convex chitinous hood, with a deep groove above, ending in a small scapus ; beneath lie |

the usual cavities of characteristic dimensions and form.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (Z/. H. Smith).

The male is immature and therefore its characters are of little value.

23. Aranea veniliz. (Tab. XLIX. figg. 23, 3; 24, 24a, 6, 2.)

Epeira venilie, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 817, t. 19. figg. 23 (2), 24) (1865) *;

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 256, t. 13. figg. 191 (?), 19la(g)”*.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, g 10, 2 14 millim.

3 @. Carapace, mandibles, sternum, and mouth-parts unicolorous orange-yellow. Legs orange-yellow, the

apices of all the segments with a black annulus. Abdomen pale yellow, with a dusky central folium

divided by a median longitudinal yellow line, which is flanked on each side by a row of six or seven

black, variously shaped, accent-like blotches ; the latero-dorsal yellow band on each side bears five more

or less elongate black spots, and below the yellow band, margining it, lie five more black spots, besides

some broken black bands, which are more conspicuous in the apical half; ventral area black, or brown

with black margins, bordered by a broad yellow band on each side.

ARANEA. 517

Mandibles with three teeth on the lower margin of the fang-groove. Anterior row of eyes straight, posterior

row slightly recurved. Central quadrangle narrower behind, posterior centrals smaller than the anterior

centrals, half a diameter apart.

3. Patella of pedipalp with one long sinuous spine, and a shorter sinuous bristle, at its apex. Coxa i. with

a hook and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with a cusp and ridge respectively.

Coxa i, with a conical protuberance above. Tibia ii. not specially incrassate, with a double series of five

spines on the inner side, and a single row of four spines beneath. Femora i. without spines beneath ;

ii. with one or two short, stout, thorn-like spines; iii. and iv. with a variable number (six or seven) of

spines of the same character in the basal half beneath. Protarsi i.-iv. with spines beneath. The palpal

bulb has a conspicuous, stout, curved clavis.

©. Femora of legs without spines beneath. Tibiz and protarsi i. and ii. with spines in pairs beneath.

Patella with an apical spine.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Co.tomBiA!?; Lower Amazons, Santarem

(Ff. O. P.-C.).

This fine species was very abundant in the grass-heads in the large “lago” opposite

Santarem, across the mouth of the Tapajos.

24. Aranea championi, (Tab. L. figg. 1, la, ; 2, 2a-c, 2.)

Epeira championi, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 42, t. 5. figg. 12,

12 a,b (¢), 18, 13 a-c (2)".

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 3°75, 2 4°5 millim.

3 2. Carapace, sternum, mandibles, and legs yellow. Abdomen olive-brown, with a long, white, central, dorsal

folium, broken anteriorly and V-shaped posteriorly, but often divided into mere white spots, and with a

proud dorso-lateral and a latero-ventral white band; ventral area olive-brown, without white spots.

Posterior and anterior rows of eyes straight; central quadrangle square, posterior eyes larger, half a

diameter apart.

3. Femora i., ii., iv. without spines, iil. with a series of four or five short spines beneath. Coxa i. and

femur ii. with a spur and groove respectively. Coxa and femur of pedipalp each with a cusp and ridge.

Coxa i. with a tubercle above. Tibia ii. not incrassate, with a double series of four pairs of spines on

the inner side. Patella of pedipalp with a single apical spine only.

@. Femora and protarsi without spines beneath; tibia with one or two, patelle without apical spines,

Vulva consisting of a chitinous hood, with apex bent backwards forming a small scapus.

Hab. Guatemata!; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

95. Aranea mormon, (Tab. LI. figg. 1, 1a, 4, 2.)

Epeira mormon, Keyser]. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 182, t. 9. figg. 1384, 1844 (2)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Marx. Total length 5:3 millim.

Carapace yellow, with a central dark line; mandibles and legs yellow; sternum blackish. Abdomen bearing

an olive-yellow dorsal folium, slightly dentate behind, with a central white band on the anterior two-

thirds, and a broad white marginal band on each side; lateral area olive-yellow ; ventral area black,

broadly margined with white, and bearing a pair of longitudinal white bars on the anterior half. Femora

without, and tibise and protarsi with, spines beneath ; patelle with an apical spine. Both rows of eyes

straight ; central quadrangle narrower behind, posterior eyes one-fourth of a diameter apart, very slightly

smaller than the anteriors. Mandibles with three teeth on the lower margin of the fang-groove.

Vulva consisting of a chitinous hood, posteriorly developed into a short, broad, spatulate scapus, with a round

tubercle on each side, and a small deep cavity on the inner side of the tubercle.

Hab. Norta America, Columbia and Utah !.—Mexico, Mexico city (H. H. Smith).

518 ARANEIDEA.

26. Aranea graphica. (Tab. LI. figg. 2,24, 3.)

Epeira graphica, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 22, t. 7. figg. 16, 16 a—c

(3)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 121, t. 6. figg. 89, 89a (g)”.

Type ¢, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 3°5 millim.

Carapace yellow, cephalic area brown; legs pale yellow-white, suffused with dusky brown; mandibles pale

yellow; sternum pale yellow, with a blackish central spot. Abdomen mottled with black and pale

yellow, with a wide central folium margined with black spots, and a conspicuous anterior, dorsal, central,

elorgate white spot. Femora and protarsi i. and ii. without spines beneath. Tibia ii. not incrassate,

with 4—2 long spines on the inner side. Patella of pedipalp with a single spine at the apex, that of

the legs without apical spine (the scars only appear on the apex of the patella of the pedipalp). The

embolus of the palpal bulb is quite characteristic, see Plate.

Hab. GuaTEMALA?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion?).

27. Aranea flava. (Tab. LI. fig. 3, ¢.)

Singa flava, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. pp. x, 136".

Singa lutea, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. t. 17. figg. 15, 15 a-d ( 3)’.

Type, dg, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tierra Colorada (H. H. Smith *).

28. Aranea cyrtophoroides, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 4, 4a-d, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

Carapace, legs, sternum, and mandibles dull orange-brown. Abdomen clay-yellow-brown, with a shoulder-

cusp on each side, anteriorly ; ventral area dark, with a narrow curved white band on each side. Both

rows of eyes slightly recurved; central quadrangle longer than broad, very slightly narrower behind, eyes

subequal, posteriors one diameter, anteriors slightly more than a diameter, apart ; laterals well separate,

one diameter apart. Legs without stout spines, but with fine bristles in their place. Femora with a row

of fine bristles on each side beneath ; tibiee and protarsi with a double row of bristles beneath, those on

the protarsi being stouter; patella with a fine apical bristle. Mandibles with three teeth on the lower

margin. Sternum as broad as long. Abdomen somewhat prolonged beyond the spinners above; the

dorsal muscular scars very conspicuous. For the vulva, see Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

29, Aranea ocellata.

Epeira ocellata,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 29, t. 6. figg. 17,17 a4 (9)’.

Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. GuateMaa, Cahabon (Sarg ').

30. Aranea consequa.

Epeira consequa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. pp. x, 36 ( 2)’.

Epeira destricta, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. t. 14. figg. 14, 14a, b(¢,nec g)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim. .

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer+); Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

The types of this species have been mislaid.

ARANEA. 519

51. Aranea conica.

Alpaida conica, O. P.~Cambr. Biol. Centr. Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 53, t. 4. figg. 3,3 a-e (9)';

Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 281, t. 14. figg. 207, 207 a, b (2)*.

Type, ©, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. Guatemata®; Panama, Bugaba (Champion !).

32. Aranea sallei.

Epeira salei (sic), Keyserl. Sitzungsb. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 93, t. 4. figg. 10, 11( 2)’;

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 196, t. 9. figg. 145, 145 a (2)?.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length 8-5 millim.

fiab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Sallé |).

33. Aranea rivalis. |

Epeira rivalis, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 103, t. 5. figg. 76, 76a (¢)'.

Type, 2, in coll, Marx. Total length 12-2 millim.,

Heb. GUATEMALA},

34, Aranea nicaraguensis.

Epeira nicaraguensis, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiv. p. 532, t. 13. fig. 31 (¢)

(1884) *; Spinn. Amer., Epeiridz, p. 214, t. 10. figg. 159, 159a(?)*.

Type, 2, in Mus. Cambridge, U.S.A. Total length 17 millim.

Hab. Nicaracva ! 2,

35. Aranea zilloides.

Epeira ziiloides, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 255, t. 15. fig. 2 (¢ 9)'.

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences. Total length, ¢ 4, 2 7:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic?.

36. Aranea fasciolata. (Tab. LI. figg. 5, 5a, .)

Epeiroides fasciolata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 15, t. 8. figg. 5,

5a-e(d)’.

[Nec Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 309, t. 16. figg. 228, 228 a-c (¢).]

Type, do, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

This species probably belongs to the group Theridiosommatine. ‘The spider tigured

and described under this name by Keyserling, which is not in the British Museum,

was perhaps incorrectly identified, as no long bristles on the first pair of legs are

represented on his plate.

520 ARANEIDEA.

The following genera I am unable at present to place satisfactorily in their natural

relationship to the other Araneine represented in the collection.

CAREPALXIS.

Carepalais, L. Koch, Arachn. Austral. p. 123 (1871) ; O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn.

Aran. i, p. 48 (part.) ; E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 830.

Type C. montifera, L. Koch. Port Mackay, Australia.

Simon distinguishes this genus from Scoloderus by the straightness of the anterior

row of eyes, but I cannot find any difference in this respect in the species which, if we

take into consideration the characters furnished by the form of the cephalic hump,

must be severally referred to these two genera. The plain or bilobate form of the

cephalic hump will at present serve to separate them. The two examples referred to

this genus in Vol. I. of this subject are immature females, and they may or may not

represent different species. Both have the central posterior eyes wider apart and larger

than the anteriors.

1. Carepalxis gibbosa.

Carepalxis gibbosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 48, t. 4. figg. 10, 10 a, b

—(@)?5 Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 54, t. 2. figg. 48, 48 a,b (2)*.

‘Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion ').

2. Carepalxis rotunda.

Carepalxis rotunda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 224, t. 27. figg. 7,

7a-d (¢)’.

Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5-25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (7. H. Smith +).

SCOLODERUS.

Hypophthalma, Taczanowski, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. xy. p. 129 (1879) (nomen preoce.).

Scoloderus, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 829 (1887); O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr,.

Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 282; McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 207.

Type S. cordatus (Tacz.). South America.

Females.

a. Abdomen longer than broad. .

a’. Abdomen with single shoulder-tubercles.

a’, Ventral area of abdomen unicolorous. Scapus of vulva

more globular at its apex, abruptly constricted basally.

Cephalic region orange-red-brown ........, americanus, O. P,-Cambr.

SCOLODERUS. 521

6. Ventral area of abdomen with a central longitudinal black

bar. Scapus of vulva broad, transverse, semicircular, not —

constricted basally. Cephalic region black . . . . . nigriceps, O. P.-Cambr.

6’. Abdomen with double shoulder-tubercles . . . . . . . tuberculiferus, O. P.-Cambr.

6. Abdomen more globular, not longer than broad . . . . . . gibber, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Scoloderus americanus. (Tab. LI. figg. 6, 6a, 0, 2.)

Carepalxis americana, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 49, t. 4. figg. 8,

8a-c (2) (nec go)".

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°75 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

The cephalic lobe is orange-red-brown, not truncate apically, while the abdomen has

no central black line beneath. For vulva, see Plate.

2. Scoloderus nigriceps. (Tab. LI. fig. 7, 2.)

Carepalzis nigriceps,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 158, t. 19. figg. 9,

9a-d(?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith').

This species is very closely allied to S. americanus, but the cephalic lobe is more

truncate at the apex and black (instead of orange-red), and the ventral area of the

abdomen has a central longitudinal black band. ‘The vulva, too, differs considerably

in form, see Plate.

8. Scoloderus tuberculiferus.

Carepalxis tuberculifera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 48, t. 4. figg. 9,

9 a,b (?)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 50, t. 2. figg. 40, 40a-c (2)*; McCook,

Amer. Spid. iii. p. 207, t. 18. figg. 6, 6a-d (@)”.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 3:25 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Florida? ?,—Guatemata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion').

The type-example is not fully mature, and it is possibly identical with S. americanus,

though the shoulder-tubercles may furnish a good distinctive character.

4. Scoloderus gibber. (Tab. LI. figg. 8, 8a, 2.)

Scoloderus gibber, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 282, t. 36. figg. 4,

4a-d(9)’.

Carepalxis americana, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 49, t. 4. figg. 7, 7a-c (gb) (nec 2)*; Keyserl.

Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 51, t. 2. figg. 41, 41 a-d (2), 4Le (g)*.

Type 2, deuterotype dg, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 9, 4°75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith!: 9); Guatemata®; Panama, Bugaba (Cham-

piont?: 3).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1904. 3.xf

ARANEIDEA.

KAIRA.

Kaira, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 56 (1889) ; McCook, Amer. Spid.

il. p. 202.

Caira, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, 1. p. 894.

Type of Kaira, O. P.-Cambr., and Cara, E. Simon, K. gibberosa, O. P.-Cambr. Panama.

Tibia and protarsi i., i1., iii. and the inner side of tarsus i. densely clothed on the inner anterior side with

numerous longer and shorter curved spines, the posterior central row slightly narrower than the anterior.

Females.

a. Vulval plate very small, transverse-oval, with or without a chitinous

hook in the middle above. Tibize i. and 11. not compressed basally

above, nor sinuous when seen in profile. Sternum at least twice

longer than broad.

a'. Abdomen produced into a single high truncate cone, studded

with tubercles on the sides and base. Vulval plate transverse-

oval, without a central chitinous hook. Protarsi i. and i. with

a series of four or five much longer, widely spaced spines . . gibberosa, O. P.-Cambr.

6‘. Abdomen produced into a truncate cone (seen in profile), but

seen from above the apex is deeply bifid, forming a pair of

cones, each cone studded with tubercles at their apex only.

Vulval plate bearing a small, sharp, recurved, chitinous hook in

the middle. Protarsi i. and i. without a series of longer

spines 2. we ew we eee we wee we we. adtiventer, O. P.-Cambr.

6, Vulval plate much larger, with a conspicuous scapus and enlarged

base. 'Tibize i. and ii. compressed above basally, sinuous seen in

profile. Sternum scarcely longer than broad . . . . . . . dromedaria, O. P.-Cambr.

1. Kaira gibberosa. (Tab. LI. fige. 9, 9a, 2.)

Kaira gibberosa, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 57, t. 8. figg. 12, 12 a-e(@)'.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Veragua (Boucard ').

2. Kaira altiventer. (Tab. LI. figg. 10, 10a, 2.)

Kaira altiventer, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 56, t. 3. figg. 13, 13 a~d (@)*.

Type, 2 (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11-25 millim.

Hab. Panama, Veragua (Loucard '),

8. Kaira dromedaria. (Tab. LI. figg. 11, lla, ¢.)

Kaira dromedaria, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 115, t. 14. figg. 9,

9a-d(2)’.

Type, 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length 11-25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, 'Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith}),

ey)

GLYPTOGONA.—HENTZIA.

GLYPTOGONA.

Glyptogona, E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1884, p. 826; Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 867.

Type @. sextuberculata (Keyserl.). Dalmatia.

A single male from Panama can obviously be referred to this genus. The following are its chief characters :—

Central quadrangle of eyes wider in front than behind, the anterior eyes being much larger than the

posterior ; patella of the palpus without spine ; coxa i. with the hook and femur ii. the groove present in

the vast majority of the Araneine ; tibia ii. not specialized, nor set with specialized spines; abdomen

tuberculate, furnished with tuberculate lobes ; femora i.—iv. also tuberculate in front or beneath.

1. Glyptogona decem-tuberculata.

Cyrtarachne decem-tuberculata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. 1. p. 59, t. 4.

figg. 4, 4a-c(g)'.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

HENTZIA.

Hentzia, McCook, Amer. Spiders, iii. p. 244 (1893).

Type H. basilica, McCook. North America.

3. No hook on coxa i. and no groove on femur ii. Coxa and femur of pedipalp without a coniform spur and

chitinous ridge. Tibia ii. not incrassate, nor with specialized spines. Patella of pedipalp with a single

apical spine. Palpus with an apical tarsal hook.

3 2. Posterior central eyes one diameter apart, slightly larger than the anterior centrals. Central quadrangle

slightly wider behind, longer than broad, anterior eyes half a diameter apart. Posterior row slightly

procurved ; laterals one-vighth of a diameter apart, distant from the posterior centrals by less than the

diameter of one of the latter. Boss at the base of the mandible very slight. Legs clothed with numerous

long spines; femora i. and ii. presenting, besides other spines, two rows of long spines beneath.

Protarsus and tarsus i. longer than tibia and patellai. Sternum not longer than broad. Upper and

lower margins of the fang-groove with three teeth. Colulus present. The palpus in the male exhibits

the hook at the base of the tarsal sheath, while the embolus of the bulb in the male and the form of the

vulva in the female are quite characteristic (see Plate).

The spider on which this genus was based, as noted by McCook, properly belongs

near Leucauge (=Argyroepeira) in the group Metine. Simon (Hist. Nat. Araign.

édit. 2, i. p. 775) relegates Hentzia to the position of a synonym of Cyrtophora (type

C. citricola, Forskal). H. basilica appears to have scarcely a single character in

common with Forskal’s species.

1. Hentzia trivittata. (Tab. LI. fige. 12,124, 3; 18, 134, 2.)

Argiope trivittata, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 51, t. 4. figg. 5,5 a-d( 2],

6, 6a-d(@)’. ;

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 9 8 millim.

Hab. Guatemata, Dolores, Sacrixpur, between Dolores and Chapallal, San José

River, Chiquimula (Sarg ').

This species must be very closely allied to H. basilica, McCook.

3 xf 2

524 | ARANEIDEA.

Subfam. GASTERACANTHINA.

The Central-American representatives of this subfamily belong to three genera,

Gasteracantha, Micrathena, and Tricantha. These are distinguished from the other

Argyopide by having the spinners placed at the apex of a tubular chitinous sheath.

The genera at present recognized can be separated by the following characters :—

GENERA.

A. Carapace subquadrate; cephalic area raised, forming a transverse

ridge, usually notched in the middle. Tarsus iv. and apical fourth

of protarsus set beneath with numerous short, stout, semierect,

basally compressed, simple spines. . . . . . . . . ~ « . GasrpracantHa, Sund.

B. Carapace cordiform or oval-elongate; cephalic area not raised to

form a transverse ridge. Tarsus iv. and apical fourth of protarsus

set with numerous recumbent, serrate bristles, but without a series

of semierect spines.

a. Carapace longer than broad, oval, moderately narrowed in front.

Eye-groups more separated ; posterior lateral eyes three to four

diameters distant from the posterior centrals. Abdomen trian-

gular, broader behind. . . . . . . . . . . . )))6Micrarnena, Sund.

b, Carapace as broad as, or broader than, long, cordiform, much

narrowed in front. Eye-groups more closely situated ; posterior

lateral eyes not more than one and a half diameters distant from

the posterior centrals. Abdomen triangular, broader in front . MTricanrua, Simon.

GASTERACANTHA.

Gasteracantha, Sundevall, Dissert. Consp. Arachn. p. 14 (1883).

Type G. lata (Walck.). Guadeloupe.

Carapace scarcely longer than broad; caput raised, forming a transverse ridge; thoracic area excavate. Fovea

procurved. Mandibles with three teeth on the upper, and four on the lower, margin of the fang-groove.

Tarsus iv. with 10-15 or more semierect, short, stout spines beneath. Abdomen broad, transverse, and

covered with a horny integument, having four to six spines. Spinners contained at the end of a

chitinous tube.

The species known to me may be separated by the characters given in the Table, but

it is doubtful if they will prove to be distinct when both sexes of each are available

for examination.

a. Abdomen (including spines) about one-fourth broader than long ; spines,

especially the posterior, more robust, bright orange . . . . . . cancriformis, Linn. ?

b. Abdomen about one-half broader than long; spines more slender,

aculeate, black. 2. 2. 2 ew 2 we ew ew ee ww ew ew ew ee) Kochi, Butl.

GASTERACANTHA.— MICRATHENA.

1. Gasteracantha cancriformis, (Tab. LI. fig. 14, 2.)

? Aranea cancriformis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 1037 (2?) '.

_ Plectana cancriformis, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 151 (¢)”.

Gasteracantha cancriformis, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 211, t. 114 figg.9,9a(9)°; F. P.-Cambr.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 329, t. 7. fig. 11 (?)*.

Aranea hexacantha, Fabr. Mant. Ins. p. 344 (2 )’:

Gasteracantha hexacantha, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) 1. p. 249 °.

Gasteracantha rubiginosa, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xi. p. 55, fig. 878’.

Hab. Nortn America, Southern States3.—Mexico, Tepic, Guaymas (fide Banks °) ;

Costa Rica (Rogers).— ANTILLES, Jamaica! 5, Haiti’; Banana Is. +.

2. Gasteracantha kochi. (Tab. LI. figg. 15, 15a, b, 2.)

Gasteracantha kochii, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 169(?)’; F. P.-Cambr. Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 331, t. 7. fig. 10 (@)?. |

Gasteracantha hexacantha, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. iv. p. 31, t. 117. fig. 268 (2) °.

Gasteracantha cancriformis, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 249°.

Type, Q,in Mus. Brit. Total breadth 18 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Misantla (fF. D. G.), Rio Papagaio, Amula, Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Atoyac,

Orizaba*, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Guatemala city (Stol/), Chicoyoito,

Petet, Coban, Tamahu, Santa Ana, Petexbatum, Patal, Costa Cuca, Cuajiniquilapa

(Sarg); Costa Rica, San José (Rogers).—Sourn America®, Paré!, Santarem (/’. 0.

P.-C.).

The following species is unknown to me :—

3. Gasteracantha elliptica.

Gasteracantha elliptica, Getaz, An. Inst. Costa Rica, iv. p. 105 ( ¢ ) (1898) *.

Type, 2, in Mus. Nac. Costa Rica.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José (Biolley').

This spider is said to be common in the neighbourhood of San José.

MICRATHENA.

Micrathena*, Sundevall, Dissert. Consp. Arachn. p. 14 (? April, 1883).

Acrosoma, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras, p. 193 (Dec. 1833).

Keyserlingia, O. P.~-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 58 (1890).

Type of Micrathena, M. clypeata (Walck.) ; of Acrosoma, A. swainsonii, Perty, Brazil.

Carapace always longer than broad; thoracic area convex, raised, with a small central rounded fovea, and

other lateral fovere. Fang-groove of mandibles with four teeth above and three below. Tarsus iv. without

* According to Mr. T. Davies Sherborn’s MSS. notes on his ‘ Index Animalium,’ Sundevall’s paper was

“read” in April 1833, while the date of the publication of the closing papers of Perty’s work is Dee, 1833

(vide the foot of last page).

526 ARANEIDEA.

short, semierect spines beneath. Abdomen elongate, not transverse, covered with a horny integument

and armed with from 2-10 or more sharp spines or protuberances. Spinners contained at the end of a

horny tube.

Males differing very much in general appearance from the females; when immature the two sexes are almost

alike, but in the adult male the spines become atrophied and then it is, in most cases, impossible to pair

them unless they have been taken together.

The species known to me may be recognized by the following characters :—

Males.

A. Coxa i. without apical hook beneath; femur ii. without groove

above at the base.

i. Integument of carapace and abdomen finely granulose or coarsely

punctured throughout.

a. Abdomen broader in proportion, terminating in two spini-

form cusps. Integument covered with minute granules

b. Abdomen narrower in proportion, terminating in four spini-

form cusps. Integument covered with coarse rounded

punctures . see a

. Integument of carapace and abdomen neither granulose nor

punctured.

a'. Abdomen broader behind.

a’, Legs entirely devoid of spines.

a’. Tarsal hook with one branch only, set at a right angle to

the shaft .

b°. Tarsal hook with two branches.

a‘. Branches of tarsal hook subequal, the hook itself

T-shaped. 2. 1. 6 ee ee ee ee

b*. Branches of tarsal hook very unequal; upper branch

enormously protonget slender, and sinuous, horn-

like .. .

b. Legs, at least femur i. and tibia il., ‘furnished with

clasping-spines . . . -

. Abdomen not broader behind, par vallel- sided .

B. Coxe i. with an apical hook beneath; femur ii. with a groove at

the base above.

a’. Femora i. and ii. with a longitudinal series of short spines

beneath.

a’. Tibi i. and ii. with a double series of short spines beneath .

}°®, Tibiee i. and ii. with some long spines, but no double series

of short spines, beneath . . 2. 1. 2. 1. ee,

&’. Femora i. and ii. without a longitudinal series of short spines

benesth 2. 0 2 6 ee ee ee ee ee

gracilis, Walck.

longicauda, O. P.-Cambr.

brevipes, O. P.-Cambr.

sagittata, Walck.

cornigera, O. P.-Cambr.

vitiosa, O. P.-Cambr.

granulata, sp. n.

parallela, O. P.-Cambr.

uncata, sp. i.

patruelis, C. L. Koch.

MICRATHENA,

Females.

A. Vulval scapus having a deep concavity on each side at the apex.

a. Abdomen with six spines.

a’. Spines much larger in proportion, especially the posterior

6’. Spines much smaller, minute, and recurved .

b. Abdomen with ten to twenty or more spine-bearing tubercles.

a*, Abdomen with ten sharp spines set on large tubercles. No

tubercle immediately above the spinning-tube .

b*. Abdomen with twenty or more tubercles, set with short

spines. A large tubercle immediately above the spinning-

tube behind . oe Le ee

B. Pil al scapus without a concavity on each side at the apex.

i. Abdomen with a pair of anterior marginal spines directed

forwards over the carapace.

* Posterior spines on the abdomen forming a compressed lobe,

with from three to four spurs.

a°, Posterior lobes of the abdomen trifid, with three spurs ; the

lateral margins bearing three cusps soe

6°. Posterior lobes of the abdomen quadrifid, with four spurs ;

the lateral margins bearing two cusps .

** Posterior spines on the abdomen not forming compressed

lobes.

a‘, Posterior spurs of the abdomen themselves bifid or trifid.

a’, Posterior spurs themselves bifid, with often a third

minute spine remote from the apex, behind and

beneath.

a’. Four lateral marginal spines on the abdomen;

branches of bifid spur equal in length .

6°. One lateral marginal spine only on the abdomen ;

lower branch of bifid spur smaller than the other

6°. Posterior spurs of the abdomen themselves trifid or

tridentate.

a". Lower spine of the posterior spur very small and

remote from the other pair , ee

6". Lower spine of the posterior spur situated close to the

base of the middle spine, often strongly deflected

outwards . Loe ee . .

. Posterior spurs of the abdomen simple, neither bifid nor

trifid.

a’. Abdomen with ten spines, a pair of anterior marginal,

anterior dorsal, median dorsal, posterior dorsal, and

postero-inferior dorsal spines . . . . . 1 se

striata, sp. n.

spinulata, sp. n.

gracilis, Walck.

mammillata, Butl.

triserrata, Sp. i.

guadriserrata, sp. i.

serrata, sp. 0.

inequalis, sp. 0.

subspinosa, sp. ni.

12-spinosa, O. P.-Cambr.

schreibersi, Perty.

528 ARANEIDEA.

6°. Abdomen with six or eight spines.

a’, Abdomen with six spines, sometimes also with a pair

of very minute spinules at the base of the posterior

dorsal spine, behind. Sternum not markedly convex. sagittata, Walck.

6°. Abdomen with eight spines. Sternum very convex . gladiola, Walck.

ii, Abdomen without a pair of anterior marginal spines.

a’, Abdomen not itself apically bifid.

a’, Apex of abdomen with a single pair of longer or shorter

spines, a single stout one at each angle.

a’*. Two abdominal spines only. . . . . . - + « + dimucronata, O. P.-Cambr.

6, Four to six abdominal spines.

a’. Four abdominal spines only . . . . . . . « Catenulata, sp. n.

6°. Six abdominal spines. . . . . . . . « « « =obtusospina, Keyserl.

b", Apex of abdomen bearing two pairs of comparatively very

short spines.

a'*, Upper posterior spine always larger than the lower. . patruelis, C. L. Koch.

b. Upper posterior spine not larger than the lower. . . mitrata, Hentz.

6°. Abdomen itself apically bifid. 2. . 2. . . «© . . © . furcula, O. P.-Cambr.

Norr.—The males and females of J/. fericula are not fully mature, and their characters do not therefore

appear in the Table. I. mitrata, Hentz (¢ ), is not known to me,

1. Micrathena gracilis. (Tab. L. figg. 3,3 a-d,?; Tab. LI. figg. 16, 16 a, ¢ .)

Epeira gracilis, Walck. Tabl. des Aran. p. 65 (2).

Plectana gracilis, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 193 (?)*; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, nos. 47, 48 (?) °.

Acrosoma gracile, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 212, t. 21. figg. 1-3 (?), 4, 4a-e (¢)*.

Acrosoma matronale, C. lu. Koch, Die Arachn. xi. p. 68, t. 176. fig. 887 (?)°.

Micrathena matronalis, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 852, fig. 102 (9) °.

Epeira rugosa, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 21, t. 3. figg. 10, 10a (¢?), 105 (g)’;

Spid. U.S. (ed. Burgess) p. 124, t. 14. figg. 10, 10a (?),108(¢)°.

Acrosoma rugosa, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 326, t. 38. fig. 10 (?)°; Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 250”.

Type, 2,= fig. 47, Abbot’s Georg. Spiders, North America. Total length 10 millim.

®. Carapace deeply indented between the cephalic and thoracic areas. Central quadrangle of eyes slightly

wider behind, central posterior eyes less than one diameter apart, central anteriors about half a diameter

apart, laterals almost in contact. Clypeus equal! to two diameters of the anterior central eyes. Femora

of legs densely granulose with setigerous tubercles; patelle feebly dilate behind. Sternum with a

slight convex boss opposite the cox of legs 1., il., iil, produced posteriorly to form a conical convexity,

which does not lie between the cox iv., but terminates in front of them, although the sternal chitin

is continued on to the pedicle. Fang-groove with four teeth above, three below.

Abdomen broad oval-triangular (seen from above), very deep, owing to the developed tube containing the

spinners (seen in profile); the integument is closely punctured throughout with minute pits; the dorsal

margin has five subequal, similar, stout spines, which are basally broad on each. side, the third having a

conspicuous basal dilatation behind; the vulval scapus is narrow and elongate, having a large apical

cavity on each side.

$. Carapace elongate, narrowed behind, cephalic region globular, margins punctured, central fovea and three

lateral fovee punctiform.

MICRATHENA. 529

Legs without spines, except that femora i, and ii. have three or four fine spines beneath, set on granules ;

coxa 1. without a hook.

Abdomen elongate, triangular when viewed in profile, the spinning-tube being conspicuous, finely granulose

throughout, each granule bearing a fine hair; narrowed anteriorly, dilate behind the middle, having a

prominence on each side in the posterior third, slightly dilate and finally narrowed, each posterior angle

bearing a very short sharp cusp.

The palpal bulb bears on the outer side a large falciform embolus, and the form of the tarsal hook is

characteristic.

Hab. Nortn America !~4789—_Mextco, Tepic (fide Banks !°), Chilpancingo, Rincon,

Amula, Orizaba!? (H. HW. Smith); GuatemaLs, Guatemala city (Stoll), Magdalena

near Antigua, Cahabon, Santa Ana, Motagua (Sarg); Costa Rica (Rogers).—SouTn

AMERICA ®.

Of this species Sarg remarks in his letters :—‘ Colour bright yellow, with overlaid

reddish-orange, leaving only a few markings of the original paler yellow ; the indented

spots are black ; below, the colour is more of a yellow-ochre.”

Although the examples of this species (AZ. rugosa, Hentz) from the United States

are very much smaller than those (Jf. matronalis, C. L. Koch) from Central and

South America, I can find no real difference on which one could separate them.

We must accept McCook’s identification of JZ. gracilis (Walck.) with IZ. rugosa

(Hentz), and, judging from Abbot’s figures, there is no reason to doubt that his

conclusion is correct. I have not, however, been able to compare well-authenticated

males of these two forms.

2. Micrathena mammillata. (Tab. L. figg. 4, 4 a-c, 2.)

Acrosoma mammillatum, Butl. P. Z. 8. 18738, p. 427".

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, 9, 10 millim.

In general characters this species is very similar to If. gracilis, the integuments of the abdomen being, as in

the latter, closely and finely punctured throughout. The thoracic fovea is, however, not so deep, and the

cusps on the abdomen are different in number and character,

There are a pair of short anterior marginal cusps projecting outwards on each side of the base of the carapace ;

these are followed along the sides by a group of three, and another of two, short, bluntly rounded cusps,

the latter group situated about the middle. Dorsally there is a pair of anterior median, basally dilate,

sharp spines directed straight forwards, followed on each side by a pair of closely adjacent, rather shorter

cusps of the same character directed obliquely forwards, while posteriorly there is on each side a group of

four cusps—the first quite small, a mere tubercle, the second, the longest, enlarged basally behind, the

third, smaller, lying in the same plane, the fourth, still smaller, lying behind and below the third.

Midway between the last pair of cusps and the spinners is a small circular convex boss formed by four

muscle-scars, and immediately above the anal tubercle lies a blunt cusp, its apex directed downwards.

The exact character of the abdominal cusps varies, however, in different examples. The vulva is very

similar to that of MW. gracilis, consisting of a compressed scapus, excavate on each side, dilate basally, the

two orifices being wide apart below the base of the scapus; they are much nearer to each other in

the last-mentioned species, but the exact form of these parts varies much in individual examples.

Hab. Mexico, 'Teapa (#1. H. Smith); Guatemata, Chamiquin, Cubilguitz, Cunen,

Tikal, Menché, Rio Santa Isabel (Sarg) ; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Sovuru AMERICA,

Santarem (I. O. P.-C.), Orinoco}.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., June 1904. 3 rf

550 ARANEIDEA.

Mr. Sarg mentions these curious spiders as common in parts of Guatemala on juniper

bushes, but does not give a detailed description of their coloration.

3. Micrathena longicauda. (Tab. L. figg. 5, 5¢, 0, 3.)

Acrosoma longicauda, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 61, t. 8. figg. 9,

9 a-d (&)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 15, t. 1. figg. 11, lla (¢)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°5 millim.

Carapace oval-elongate, coarsely and closely punctured, as is also the sternum. Abdomen very narrow,

elongate, not laterally much dilate, slightly trilobate in its apical fourth, the apex itself (seen from

behind) rounded-quadrate with four spines, the upper set wider apart than the lower; the whole

integument—dorsal, lateral, and ventral—coarsely and closely pitted, each pit bearing a fine hair. Legs

without spines, save a few fine ones set on granules beneath femora i. and ii. Coxa i. without hook.

For the tarsal hook of the palpus, see Plate. |

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

It is quite possible that I. longicauda will prove to be the male of IZ. mammillata,

Butl., but since there are other species, such as VW. horrida, Tacz., which would have

quite as good claims from the point of view of probability, one cannot be sure on

the matter.

4, Micrathena striata, sp.n. (Tab. L. figg. 6, 6 a—-d, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. ‘Total length 8 millim.

General characters similar to those of MZ. gladiola, except that there is a transverse thoracic depression on the

carapace, and the sternum is not exceptionally convex. Abdomen without anterior marginal spines or

lateral marginal cusps, but with a pair of sharp divergent anterior dorsal spines, obliquely directed

forwards, and a pair of stout divergent spines, of varying length and character, directed obliquely

upwards and backwards, having close to their base behind a small conical cusp.

The vulval scapus has a cavity on each side apically, and it closely resembles that of If. mammillata, but the

character of the abdomen in this latter species is totally different.

Colour: dorsal area of abdomen entirely yellow, with two transverse lateral black lines in front of the anterior

dorsal spines on each side, and four lines of a similar character between these and the posterior spines.

The lateral area is characterized in most examples by two conspicuous, transverse, parallel rows of yellow

spots originating from between each pair of the posterior black lines and continuing down the sides to the

base of the spinning-tube. In many examples there are also a few marginal yellow spots round the

spiracular orifices, and an indistinct row of the same running down behind from the base of the small

posterior cusps.

Hab. Guatemata, Sakiyac, Chichochoc (Sarg).

5. Micrathena spinulata, sp.n. (Tab. L. figg. 7, 7a, 0, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Carapace very similar to that of M. striata. Abdomen elongate-oval, truncate at both ends; the integument

punctured throughout, more closely so beneath; bearing a pair of minute, but very distinct, sharp,

recurved spinules in the anterior longitudinal third, occupying the median transverse third ; a pair of

minute spinules, having an enlarged conical base, occupy the posterior angles, while another pair, equal

to the former in size and character, lie below and behind, occupying a slightly wider space and extending

slightly further distally than the others.

MICRATHEN A. 551

The vulva is of similar type to that of WV, gracilis, see Plate. Colour variable: dorsal area yellow, with a

dark brown anterior triangular patch, centrally paler, followed by a similar dark patch, with a very

distinct small, circular, yellow, central spot; a dull dusky central band runs from this point to meet a

dark blotch lying between the posterior spines. Lateral and ventral areas dull brown.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme, Amula (H. H. Smith),

6. Micrathena brevipes. (Tab. L. figg. 8, 8a, ¢.)

Acrosoma brevipes, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn, Aran. i. p. 62, t. 8. figg. 10,

10 a-d (g)'; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 12, t. 1. fige. 9,9a,b (g)*.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4:5 millim.

Carapace elongate-oval, with central punctiform fovea and very slight lateral fove. Eye-groups more closely

situated than in the W. parallela-group. Legs entirely devoid of spines, clothed with fine hairs only.

Coxa i. without hook, and femur ii. without groove; cox iv. closely situate; leg iii. much smaller than

the others and isolated, the coxe ili. being remote from those of ii. and iv, Abdomen narrower in front,

dilate behind.

Palpal bulb without a serrated lamella, the tibia having a large bifid spur beneath, see Plate.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (i. H. Smith); Guaremaua?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion '),

7. Micrathena obtusospina. (Tab. L. figg. 9, 9 a-7, 2.)

Acrosoma ohtusospina, Keyserl. Sitzungsber. nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1863, p. 76, t. 2. fig. 9 (2)';

Spinn. Amer., Epeiridee, p. 23, t. 1. fig. 20 (2)°.

Acrosoma armatum, McCook, Amer. Spid. ii. t. 21. figg. 5,5a@(?)°.

Type, 2, in Mus. Brit. Total length, 2, 14-17 millim. (including posterior spines).

@. Carapace deeply, broadly, and transversely excavate between the cephalic and thoracic areas. Central

posterior eyes two diameters, central anteriors one diameter, apart; laterals distinctly separate, about

three-fourths of a diameter apart. Sternum more distinctly transversely trilobate than in the other

allied species, having a convex boss opposite the coxz of legs i.-iii. on each side, produced posteriorly

between coxee iv. into a stout, conical, blunt point, its apex lying between the coxe. Femora of legs

studded with numerous granules or small tubercles. Tatellw only very slightly dilate behind. F ang-

groove with four teeth above, three below.

The vulval scapus has no transverse cavity in front, but is produced into a bluntly rounded tongue of variable

form, sometimes slightly dilate apically; seen from behind, there lies beneath this scapus a transverse

oval cavity, into which the lower portion of the scapus descends in the form of an oval plate; on the

posterior margin of the cavity lies a central convex boss, with a small carinate sclerite on each side.

The exact form of the vulva is, however, very variable in different examples,

The abdomen is triangular, with a pair of long, sharp, divergent spines situated less than the length of one

of them apart, on the anterior third of the median dorsal area, usually directed obliquely forwards. The

posterior margin is occupied by two long, stout, sharp-pointed spines, one at each angle, divergent,

directed straight backwards or slightly obliquely upwards, very variable in form, being sometimes much

longer, and often much shorter, than the dorsal area, in the former case gradually attenuated to a sharp

point, in the latter abruptly ending in a short point. Immediately in front of the base of these spines,

on the dorsal side, lies a sharp cusp or spine of very variable length, erect or directed backwards. In

immature examples a second minute cusp lies midway between these and the dorsal spines, while in those

still less mature, which are black with white spots, the intermediate lateral spines are slender, sharp, and

almost as long as the anterior and posterior spines. The chitinous tube is well- -developed, but not so

long as in M. schreibersi. :

Hab. Mexico®, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Gutaremata, Chisec (Sarg); Costa Rica

wh 9

dyp 2

532 ARANEIDEA.

(Rogers), Santa Clara (Tristan); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—SourTa AMERICA,

Colombia 1, Brazil!, Lower Amazons (I. 0. P.-C.) ; ANTILLES, Puerto Rico 1,

This abundant and widely-spread species has long been known under the name

Acrosoma armatum, C. L. Koch, a form which may or may not be identical with it.

In any case, the specific name armatum is preoccupied by Olivier (sec. Simon, Hist.

Nat. Araign. édit. 2, 1. p. 852, fig. 911).

8. Micrathena cornigera. (Tab. L. figg. 10, 10a, 3.)

Keyserlingia cornigera, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 58, t. 4. figg. 2,

2a-e(f)’. .

Acrosoma calcaratum, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 62, t. 8. figg. 8, 8a-e(d)*; Keyserl. Spinn.

Amer., Epeiridze, p. 11, t. 1. figg. 8, 8a (g)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Hab. GuatTeMaLa®; Panama, Bugaba (Champion } ?).

The type-specimen of K. cornigera is mature, but not fully chitinised and pigmented ;

it is identical with A. calearatum.

9. Micrathena vitiosa. (Tab. L. figg. 11, lla, 3.)

Acrosoma vitiosum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 63, t. 8. figg. 14,

14.a-f (S)1; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 10, t. 1. figg.7,7a(¢)’.

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5 millim.

General characters as in If. brevipes, except that femora i. and ii. and tibia ii. are spined. Femora i. and ii.

with several stout apical spines on each side. Tibia ii. with a series of five long spines beneath.

Abdomen black, with the vestigia of three pairs of spines, enlarged apically, having a white transverse

median spot.

Tarsus of palpal bulb developed into an immense concave, quadrate, closely and very finely granulose sclerite,

which forms the “ tarsal hook” or clasper, see Plate.

Hab. Guatemata2; Panama, Bugaba (Champion').

10. Micrathena granulata, sp.n. (Tab. L. figg. 12, 12a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.

Carapace elongate-oval, with central and three lateral fovee, and in general respects very similar to

M., parallela.

Legs not spinous, except femur 1., which is incrassate, armed apically on the anterior side with five or six long

stout clasping spines. ‘ibie i. and ii. and patelle i—iv. also bear spines. Coxai. without hook, and

femur ii. without groove. Coxee iv. closely situated, and leg iii. as in MW. brevipes. Tarsal hook of sheath

of the palpus characteristic, broad, oblong, concave, apically recurved, set with numerous minute teeth,

its concave area also studded with minute dentiform granules.

Carapace dull orange, legs paler; abdomen dull yellow, anterior and posterior margins dusky, with a central

dorsal and three lateral white spots.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

MICRATHENA. 533,

11. Micrathena parallela, (Tab. L. figg. 13, 134, b, ¢ .)

Acrosoma parallelum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 60, t. 8. figg. 15,

15 a-d (g¢)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 16, t. 1. figg. 12, 12a(¢)’.

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.

Carapace brown-orange, broadly margined with black-brown, oval-elongate, with a central punctiform fovea

and three lateral fovese. Abdomen parallel-sided, elongate, compressed, truncate at each end, dull yellow-

white, broadly margined along the anterior two-thirds with dull metallic blue-black; sides and ventral

area closely punctured. Femora i. and ii. without anterior dorsal spines; tibie i. and ii. with a double

series of short stout spines beneath. Coxa i. with a stout, curved, apical hook; femur ii. with a groove.

Palpal bulb elongate, produced to a blunt dark point ; embolus concealed; tarsal hook with its anterior

margin finely serrate in the apical half, see Plate.

Hab, GuateMata?; Panama, Bugaba (Champion').

12. Micrathena uncata, sp. n. (Tab. L. figg. 14, 14 ac, 3.)

Type, gS, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

General structure as in MW. parallela. Tibiw i. and ii. with several long spines beneath, but without the

double row of short spines characteristic of the last-mentioned species. Femora i. and ii. with a more

or less scattered series of long spines extending down its anterior dorsal side from near the base to the

apex, and also a single series of ten or eleven short stout spines beneath.

Palpal bulb bluntly rounded apically. Embolus just visible, lying within the concave sheath-like conductor

and almost beneath a stout, slightly curved, pointed, black uncus. Tarsal hook not serrate on its anterior

margin,

Hab. GuateMaa (Sarg).

13. Micrathena patruelis, (Tab. L. figg. 15, 15a, b,3; 16, 16a-c, 9.)

Acrosoma patruelis, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. vi. p. 130, fig. 524 (¢)°.

Acrosoma reduvianum, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, u. p. 854, fig. 914 (2) *.

Type, 2, in Mus. Munich; deuterotype, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 2 5°5, ¢ 3 millim.

gd. Carapace dull orange-brown, the legs paler. Abdomen brown, apically dull black, with very distinct

white cretaceous spots: anteriorly there is a horseshoe-shaped spot, followed by a long spot on each

side, and a small central one, then a transverse elongate spot followed by a small central one, and on

each side at the commencement of the black apical blotch there is another spot,

Femora i. and ii. with long dorsal spines, but without series of short spines beneath. Patella and tibie i.

and ii. with some stout clasping-spines, patellee with two on the inner side near the apex; tibie with

numerous stout spines irregularly situated beneath. Coxa i. with a hook and femur il. with a groove.

Palpal bulb bluntly rounded at the apex. Conductor sinuous, apically produced into a thin concave

pattledore-like sclerite. Tarsal hook very similar to that of the allied species, not serrate on its inner

margin.

Q. Carapace not very deeply grooved transversely behind the cephalic region ; the margins set with minute

setigerous tubercles ; central fovea well-marked. Sternum not markedly convex in the middle, scarcely

longer than broad. Abdomen with a pair of short anterior-marginal conical angles, not spines nor

cusps; no lateral marginal cusps; a pair of short sharp divergent spines directed obliquely upwards and

backwards occupy the posterior margin, one at each angle, while beneath these and behind lies a shorter,

stout (variable in length), sharp, conical cusp. Tho dorsal area is not punctured, but the posterior and

lateral areas are pitted on the ridges of the folds of the integument with more or less regular rows of

minute punctures.

The vulval scape is similar to that of the allied species in general character, but differs in detail, see Plate,

Colour: abdomen varying in colour from yellow-white to sooty-black or metallic blue-brown, the light-

coloured forms being often mottled or blotched.

534 ARANEIDEA.

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.), Omilteme, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guaremata (Mus. Brit.),

Retalhuleu, Volcan de Fuego, Coban, Menché, Ayutla, Cubilguitz, Tactic, Sakiyac,

Chiacam, Tamahu (Sarg); Panama, Bugaba (Champion).—Braziu 1°,

14, Micrathena triserrata, sp.n. (Tab. L. figg. 17, 17 a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 10 millim.

General characters similar to those of IM. 12-spinosa, the thoracic area of the carapace being very gibbous.

Abdomen dorsally quite flattened, entirely, but not very closely, punctured, armed on the anterior margin

with two short sharp spines directed straight forwards and slightly upwards; with three lateral marginal,

short, conical cusps on each side, the first more remote from the two posterior ones, which are adjacent ;

bifurcating posteriorly into two broad, compressed, short, trifid spurs, each branch being very short,

compressed, conical, subequal, having a sharp apex.

The vulval scapus has a transverse cavity in front, and is otherwise generally similar in character to that of

the allied forms, see Plate.

Colour: abdomen brown, with a central oval yellow spot and lateral marginal yellow band.

Hab. GuateMata (Sarg).

15. Micrathena quadriserrata, sp.n. (Tab. L. figg. 18, 18 a, b, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 9 millim.

General characters similar to those of I. triserrata, the thoracic area of the carapace being strongly gibbous.

The abdomen is finely, but not very closely, punctured throughout, having a pair of sharp anterior

marginal spines, directed straight forwards and slightly upwards, and two median lateral marginal sharp

cusps, their apices directed backwards; posteriorly it is compressed and divided into a broad, flattened,

quadrifid spur, the two central branches being the largest, these spurs, however, varying much in

character in different individuals and according to the condition of the spider.

The form of the vulval scapus is generally similar to that of other allied forms, though differing in special

characters, see Plate.

Colour: carapace and legs dull olive-brown or bluish olive-green, the former with a broad marginal dark

brown band. Abdomen sooty-black, with a broad, oblong, central, dorsal pale area, and a lateral

marginal pale band.

ITab. GUATEMALA, Quezaltepeque (Sarg).

The particulars as to colour are taken from Mr. Sarg’s notes.

16. Micrathena serrata, sp.n. (Tab. L. figg. 19, 19 a-e, .)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

General characters as in M. inaequalis, except that the thoracic area of the carapace is much higher than the

cephalic, being very gibbous and similar to that of M.12-spinosa. Abdomen also very similar to that

of M. inequalis, but besides having two anterior marginal sharp spines, there are four lateral marginal

minute cusps in the posterior two-thirds (instead of one only); the posterior spur on each side is deeply

bifid, each branch being equal in length and thickness, having also at their base behind another minute

cusp.

The vulva is also very like that of WM. inequalis, but differs in detuil, see Plate.

Colour: abdomen with the entire dorsal area yellow and the muscle-scars black; lateral and posterior areas

more or less mottled irregularly with yellow spots, the lateral area sometimes with two very definite

broken lines running down to the spinners,

Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

MICRATHENA. 03)

17. Micrathena inzqualis, sp. n. (Tab. L. figg. 20, 20 a-d, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim.

General characters similar to those of JZ. gludiola, except that the cephalic and thoracic regions are separated

by a transverse depression and the sternum is not markedly convex in the central area, Abdomen with

a pair of short, sharp, slightly divergent, anterior marginal spines, a pair of minute lateral marginal

cusps situated rather behind the middle, and a pair of subequal spines on each posterior angle, the lower

branch of what is really a bifid spur being slightly smaller. The vulval scape has a transverse cavity in

front, and is convex, with a wedge-shaped tongue, see Plate.

Colour: abdomen with a yellow anterior marginal transverse band, a more or less broken lateral marginal

band, a pair of adjacent, reniform, central, anterior dorsal blotches, and a large transverse-oval posterior

dorsal blotch, the latter having a broad branch running out on each side to the base of the posterior

spines. Between these spines and, the spinners, behind, lies a series of transverse broken bands or

definite rows of blotches. On the lateral area are four or five broken transverse bands running down to

the spinners. The markings, however, are very variable.

Hab. Guatemata, Volcan de Fuego (Sarg).

Mr. Sarg gives the colour of the abdomen as “ chrome-yellow, polished, shiny, with

numerous indentations of intense black set in blotches of duller black; the posterior

spines burnt sienna; underside black, with yellow-spotted lines crossing the segments.”

18. Micrathena subspinosa, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 17, 17 a-c, 9.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

This species is almost precisely similar to Mf. 12-spinosa in general character, but the third, lower, cusp on

the posterior bifid spur is remote from the two main cusps in the middle of the spur behind, and thus

becomes trifid. The posterior margin of the vuiva, though presenting a minute median angle, has not a .

tongue-like prominence which is noticeable in JZ, 12-spinosa.

Colour: similar to that of M. 12-spinosa, the posterior spurs dark brown, apically black.

Hab. Guaremata, Ayutla (Sarg).

19. Micrathena 12-spinosa. (Tab. LI. figg. 18, 18 ac, 2.)

Acrosoma 12-spinosum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 63, t. 8. figg. 12,

12 a-e (¢)*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 18, t. 1. figg. 14, 14a,b(2)*; Banks,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 250°.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim.

Characters similar to those of M. gladiola, except the following: carapace convex and raised behind the

central thoracic fovea, which, together with a lateral cephalic fovea on each side, is deeply marked ;

sternum not markedly convex in the middle; patelle of legs much dilated behind, with a groove above

the dilatation; abdomen with a pair of short sharp spines on the anterior angles, very wide apart and

divergent, two median lateral marginal spines on each side, and a stout trifid cusp at each posterior

angle, the central spur the longer, the upper next in length, the lower the smallest, slightly depressed in

a forward direction.

The vulval scapus is similar in general character to that of the allied species, consisting of a transverse convex

chitinous bar, concave in front, its posterior margin produced into a characteristic median triangular

prominence.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (fide Banks*); Gvatemata?, Sakiydc (Sarg); Panama,

Bugaba (Champion *).

536 | ARANEIDEA.

20. Micrathena schreibersi. (Tab. LI. figg. 19, 19 @, 2.)

Acrosoma schreibersii, Perty, Del. Anim. art. Bras. p. 194, t. 38. fig. 9 (2) *; E. Simon, Hist. Nat.

Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 848, fig. 895 (2)°.

Plectana macrocantha, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 183°.

Total length, 2, including posterior spines, 19 millim.

Q. Carapace deeply indented transversely just in front of the central fovea. Central posterior eyes one

diameter apart, central anteriors half a diameter apart; laterals almost in contact. Clypeus equal to

one diameter of an anterior central eye. Sternum with slight bosses in front of coxe i.—ili., the first

being the most conspicuous; not produced posteriorly to lie between coxe iv., but its conical point

terminating in front of these segments. Abdomen with a pair of longer or shorter (variable) conical

cusps on the anterior margin, divergent and separated by about one and a half times the length of one of

them ; a pair of longer anterior dorsal spines obliquely directed forwards, separated by the length of one

of them; a single short lateral marginal cusp on each side midway between the anterior dorsal and the

posterior spines ; a long stout spine on each posterior angle, divergent and curving obliquely upwards,

two-thirds as long as the dorsal area of the abdomen; and a single sharp spine below and behind each of

the latter, divergent, directed backwards and downwards, about as long as the anterior dorsals. The

chitinous tubular sheath forms a long truncate cone.

Colour: very variable. Carapace, sternum, and legs pitch-black, tarsi of the latter dull orange. Legs often

entirely dull orange. Abdomen black; dorsal area as far as the anterior dorsal spines (but not including

the margins) dull orange; basal half of the posterior spines, and a broad band beneath the lateral margin,

extending as far as and including the anterior marginal cusps, bright orange; the bases of the posterior

spines also united behind by a band of orange, having another band below it; behind the spinning-cone

lies a broad oblong orange blotch, and there is a smaller one in front and another on each side. Often

the whole of the abdomen is black, including the posterior spines.

The vulval scapus is without a transverse fovea in front, as in many of the allied species, but is convex and

continuous with the anterior integument, being notched or emarginate in the centre of its posterior margin.

Seen from behind, there is a transverse groove immediately beneath the sinuous margin of the scapus,

followed by a transverse convexity, then another transverse groove bearing the two genital orifices, one

on each side, each being guarded posteriorly by a thin, erect, rounded, chitinous plate.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).—Sovutn America, Brazil+?4, Lower Amazons

(F. O. P.-C.), Ecuador (Rosenberg).

This handsome species was found commonly by myself in the dark glades, beneath

the cacao-trees and in the forest, at Pard, on the Amazons. The male is unknown

to me.

21. Micrathena sagittata. (Tab. L. fige. 20, 20a-d, ¢; 21, 21a-d, 2.)

Plectana sagittata, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 174°; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, no. 50 (?)°.

Acrosoma sagitiatum, McCook, Amer. Spid. ili. p. 214, t. 21. fige. 8, 8 a—c (9), t. 28. fig. 7 (@)*.

Epeira spinea, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 21, t. 3. fig. 9 (9); Spiders U.S.

(ed. Burgess), p. 123, t. 14. fig. 9 (9).

Acrosoma spinea, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 326, t. 38. fige. 5,7 (2), 6, 8 (o)%

Type, 2? =fig. no. 50, Abbot ; deuterotype, d, in coll, Emerton. Total length, 9 12, ¢ 4 millim.

General characters similar to those of M. gladiola, except that the sternum is not so markedly convex.

Abdomen with the anterior dorsal spines, which are stout basally, distally sharp, divergent, and directed

obliquely forwards (but not close over the carapace, as in M. gladiola); a pair of very stout divergent

spines, bluntly pointed at their apex, directed obliquely upwards, straight or curved, sometimes curving

MICRATHENA. 537

downwards, one at each posterior angle, and sometimes a minute cusp also at the base of each of these,

behind and below ; with also a median lateral marginal stout cusp curved backwards.

Colour : abdomen with the dorsal surface bright yellow, the bases of the spines bright orange, the apices black,

the posterior spines sometimes half black ; lateral areas spotted with broken longitudinal lines of yellow

spots ; a more conspicuous wedge-shaped bar of transverse carmine blotches running from between the

posterior spines to the spinning-tube, which is purple.

Vulval scapus consisting basally of a broad, convex, shining boss, covering a cavity, which is divided centrally

by a narrow carina, the apex of the latter being dilated and abruptly recurved. The genital orifices lie

at the bottom of the cavities on each side.

3. Abdomen narrower in front, much broader behind; with two lateral cusp-like projections, usually having

a black point beneath the epidermis, marking the original situation of the long spines noticeable in the

immature male. These tend to disappear as the spider becomes adult, while the apical spurs become even

more obsolete.

Carapace and legs bright orange-red, the latter entirely devoid of spines ; abdomen paler orange-yellow, with

a pair of conspicuous white spots situated transversely on the posterior third.

The tibial spur of the palpus is characteristic, differing from that of MW. brevipes in not being bifid, see Plate.

Hab. Norra America !~*,—Mexico, Orizaba, Atoyac, Teapa (47. H7. Smith), Yucatan ? ;

GuaATEMALA ’, Guatemala city, Coban, Tamahu, Cunen, Chiacam, Santa Ana (Sarq).

Mr. Sarg remarks that these spiders construct their webs amongst the leaves of a

very thorny Bromelia, where they are safe from almost any attack. ‘The colour is

variable, but made up of gamboge, lemon-yellow, and carmine.

So far as one can judge, it seems probable that the above synonymy is correct. An

example of Acrosoma spinea, determined by Emerton, is contained in the British

Museum; while McCook’s conclusion as to the identity of this species with J/. sagittata

(Walck.) must also be accepted. The specimens before me from North America are

very much smaller than those from Mexico or Guatemala, and have the posterior

spines shorter, stouter, and less divergent; but I can at present find no character in

either sex on which one would feel justified in separating the two forms.

22. Micrathena gladiola. (Tab. LI. figg. 22, 22 a-c, 2.)

Plectana gladiola, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 182 (?)’.

Acrosoma gladiolum, Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 8, t. 1. figg. 5, 5a (?) ”.

Acrosoma aculeatum, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. iii. p. 58, fig. 211 (2) * (nec Fabr.).

Total length, 2, 12 millim.

Carapace uniformly convex, broadly rounded in front, twice as long as broad, scarcely raised behind the

thoracic fovea, which is distinctly visible. Central quadrangle of eyes wider behind, posterior centrals

larger, one diameter apart ; anterior centrals half a diameter from the posterior centrals and from each

other. Lateral eyes situated on a low tubercle, almost in contact, distant from the posterior centrals by

three and a half diameters of the latter. Clypeus equal to one diameter of an anterior central eye.

Fang-groove with four teeth above, three below. Sternum exceedingly convex in the middle, forming

an oval tubercle. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3, clothed with fine bristles only ; coxz iv. almost in contact; femora i.—iv.

finely granulose with minute setigerous granules in front and beneath. Abdomen with a pair of

anterior spines, adjacent, parallel, slightly divergent at the apex; a short, stout, coniform, median

lateral, marginal cusp; a single, longer, stout, widely divergent, slightly upturned spine at each posterior

dorsal angle ; and a short, stout, conical, cusp-like spine at the base of these behind and beneath.

Hab. GUATEMALA *, Coban (Sarg); Payama, Bugaba (Champion).—Sovutu America 3,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran., Vol. II., September 1904. 3 zt

538 ARANEIDEA.

23. Micrathena bimucronata. (Tab. LI. figg. 23, 23 a-d, 2.) |

Acrosoma bimucronatum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran, i. p. 302, t. 36. figg. 14,

14a,6(?)’.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

Characters similar to those of M. gladiola, except that the sternum is without a strong, convex, median area.

The abdomen has a very small conical tubercle on each anterior angle, and a long stout spine, as long as

the dorsal area of the abdomen itself, at each posterior angle, but there are no lateral marginal cusps or

spines. The direction of these spines in a horizontal or oblique direction upwards varies very much in

individual examples. The vulva, though similar in general characteristics to that of the allied species,

has special distinctive features, see Plate.

Hab. Guaremata, Menché, Cubilguitz, Cahabon (Sarg ').

24. Micrathena catenulata, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 24, 24 a-c, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

Carapace and general characters similar to those of M. 12-spinosa. Abdomen elongate, having the anterior

marginal angles prominent, but not bearing spines; two stout, sharp, conical, erect spines on the anterior

dorsal third; also a pair of stout, short, posterior spurs, their apices sharp and slightly curved downwards.

In immature examples there is in addition a small cusp at the base of each of these latter spurs behind.

Sternum not produced posteriorly. The vulval scapus, viewed in profile, forms a broad blunt conical

prominence, its apex slightly turned forwards ; seen from behind, it is broad apically, the genital orifices

being wide apart, set on each side of a central convexity at the base.

Colour: carapace brown-black, with steel-blue reflections, the : thoracic convexity pale orange. Legs of the

same colour as the carapace, the coxa, trochanter, and base of femur of each being pale yellow.

Abdomen entirely black, with a central dorsal series of five pure white round spots, the anterior the smallest,

increasing in size ; the anterior group of three slightly remote from the fourth or largest spot, this with

a smaller spot between the bases of the posterior spurs forming a second group. The lateral margins

have six pure white spots, the fifth being transverse elongate, sometimes coalescent, each posterior spur

having a white slash on its outer side. On each side of the ventral area are three white dots, while

behind the spinners lies a larger white spot. (These spots in nature are, according to Sarg, yellow.) In

all the examples before me the abdomen has become more or less shrivelled, and it is possible that when

gravid that of the female would be distended and not so elongate.

Hab. Guavemata, Sakiyac, Chamiquin, Cahabon, between Dolores and Chapallal,

Quezaltepeque, Cubilguitz, Senahu, Ayutla (Sarg).

25. Micrathena mitrata.

Epeira mitrata, Hentz, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 22, t. 3. fig. 11 (?)*; Spid. U.S.

(ed. Burgess), p. 125, t. 14. fig. 11 (¢) ?.

Acrosoma mitratum, Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. vi. p. 327, t. 38. fig.9 (9) *; Banks, Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci. (8) i. p. 250%.

Acrosoma reduvianum, McCook, Amer. Spid. iii. p. 218, t. 23. figg. 6, 6a-c (2), 7,7 a,b (og)?

(nec Walck.).

Hab. Norra America 123% &—Mextco, Tepic (fide Banks *).

This species is very similar to MM. spinulata, but is distinguished by the absence of

the anterior dorsal pair of minute spines. Hentz, Emerton, and McCook do not

mention the small spines in their descriptions, nor do they appear in the figures given

by them.

MICRATHENA. 539

(26. Micrathena reduviana.

Acrosoma reduviana, Walck. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 201 (¢)'; Abbot, Georgian Spiders, no. 49 ( ¢ ) *

[nec A. reduvianum, McCook ; nec E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, 1. p. 854, fig. 914 ( 2 )}.

Type, 2, fig. 49, Abbot’s Georgian spiders, MS. in Mus. Brit.

Hab. Nortu America ! 2,

Walckenaer (loc. cit.) says that M. reduviana is “armé de huit épines,” which is

confirmed by Abbot's figure, and it is difficult therefore to understand how McCook

came to identify it with Jf. mitrata (Hentz). The species is included here for the

sake of clearing up its characteristics and settling its identity. |

27. Micrathena furcula. (Tab. LI. figg. 25, 25a-c, 2.)

Acrosoma furcula, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 60, t. 8. figg. 11,

lla-d (?)'; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 17, t. 1. figg. 18, 13a(¢)*.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11 millim.

Characters as in M. sagittata, except that the femora of the legs are less granulose, the sternum is not

markedly convex in the centre, and the patella of the legs are more decidedly dilate in the middle

posteriorly. Abdomen elongate-oval, without anterior or lateral marginal spines or cusps, but with a

broad deeply bifid prolongation behind, the two branches closely adjacent to each other, coniform,

bearing a short sharp spine at their apex.

Hab. Guatremata 2, Dolores, Menché, Chapallal (Sarg ').

28. Micrathena fericula.

Acrosoma fericulum, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 64, t. 8. figg. 18, 13 a-d

~ (@)13 Keyserl. Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 13, t. 1. fig. 10 (9) *.

Type 2, androtype ¢ (immature), in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 9, 3 millim.

Hab. Guatemata2, Menché, Yzabal (Sarg1); Panama, Bugaba (Champion *).

The females received of this species are, so far as I can make out, quite immature,

and the males obviously so. If the females were adult, it is hardly likely that they

would be of the same length as immature males of the same species. It appears to me

to be possible that both sexes are the young of M. schreibersi.

The following species are unknown to me :—

29. Micrathena petersi.

Acrosoma petersii, Tacz. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ix. p. 277, t. 6. fig. 28 ()*; Keyserl. Spinn. Amer.,

Epeiride, p. 9, t. 1. figg. 6,6a(?)’.

Type @, androtype 3, in coll. Univ. Warsaw. Total length, 2 5, ¢ 3:3 millim.

Hab. GuaTEMALA 7. —FReENcH Guiana}.

30. Micrathena trapa.

Acrosoma trapa, Getaz, An. Inst. Costa Rica, iv. p. 105 (¢)’.

Hab. Costa Rica, Buenos Aires (Pittier 1).

540 ARANEIDEA.

31. Micrathena sedes.

Acrosoma sedes, Getaz, An. Inst. Costa Rica, iv. p. 105 ( 2)’.

Hab. Costa Rica, Palmares (Pitéier 1).

TRICANTHA.

Acrosoma, sous-genre Tricantha, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. i. p. 293 (1864).

Type 7’. tricornts, K. Simon. Brazil.

It is probable that the type of Tricantha is identical with Plectana tricuspidata,

Blackwall [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) ii. p. 838 (1863)], from Rio Janeiro, but one

cannot be sure without actual comparison.

1. Tricantha tricornis. (Tab. LI. figg. 26, 26a, 2.)

Tricantha tricornis, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. 1. p. 293, fig. 186 (?)'°.

Type, 2, in coll, E. Simon. Total length, including posterior spine, 6 millim.

Carapace broader than long, wider behind, cordiform. Cephalic region tuberculiform, convex, raised, produced

anteriorly, overhanging the clypeus. Eye-groups closely situate, posterior row almost straight, anterior

row slightly procurved, central quadrangle broader than long, narrower in front. Posterior centrals

nearly two diameters apart, one diameter from anterior centrals, the latter being themselves one diameter

apart ; lateral eyes almost in contact, posterior laterals one and a half diameters from the posterior centrals.

Clypeus as high as three diameters of an anterior central eye. Sternum longer than broad, triangular,

produced between coxee iv., coalescing with the dorsal chitin of the carapace. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3, devoid of

spines, patelle strongly geniculate.

Abdomen triangular, broader in front, having a long stout spine at each anterior angle and a similar spine at

the central posterior angle, the apices of the three spines forming an equilateral triangle. The direction

of the spines varies with the condition of the spider and the shrinkage or otherwise of the abdomen; the two

anterior ones, in normal cases, are directed forwards and slightly upwards, the posterior spine backwards

and more decidedly upwards. The whole abdomen is covered with a horny integument, the dorsal area

having a median series of five pairs of sigilla and a lateral row of four sigilla on each side. The spinners

are enclosed at the apex of a tubular sheath as in Gusteracantha and Micrathena, the spiracular orifice

being as in these genera also situated on the anterior margin of the tube.

For vulva, see Plate.

Hab. GuatTeMALa, Montafia de Chilasco (Sarg !).—Braziu 1.

The systematic position of the following genera and species of the family Argyopida

is doubtful :—

HYPOGNATHA.

Hypognatha, Guérin, Rev. Zool. (1839) p. 110; E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 874.

Calydna, O. P.-Cambridge, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xiv. p. 174 (1874).

Mutina, O. P.-Cambridge, P. Z.8. 1881, p. 771.

1. Hypognatha nasuta. (Tab. LI. figg. 27, 27.4, ¢; 28, 28a, 2.)

Hypognatha nasuta, O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 222 (9 2)".

Type d, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2-25, 2 3 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith 1).

PRONOUS.—WITICA. 541

PRONOUS.

Pronous, Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxx. p. 547 (1880) ; E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign.

édit. 2, i. p. 863; O. P -Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i, p. 281.

Paphlagon, O. P.-Cambridge, loc. cit. p. 117 (1893).

Type of Pronous, P. tuberculifer, Keyserl., Peru; of Paphlagon, P. beatus, O. P.-Cambr., Mexico.

1. Pronous tuberculifer.

Pronous tuberculifer, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxx. p. 548, t. 16. figg. 1, la, b (?),

le(g)'; Spinn. Amer., Epeiride, p. 35, t. 2. figg. 31, 31g (2), 81 0-f(g)*; O. P.-Cambr.

Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 281, t. 36. figg. 18, 13 a-e (¢)”.

Paphlagon beatus, O. P.-Cambr. loc. cit. p. 117, t. 14. figg. 10, 10 a-e (2) *.

Type 2, androtype ¢, in coll. Univ. Warsaw. Total length, 9 5, ¢ 3°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith? +*).—Pervu??.

WITICA.

Witica, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 160 (1894).

Physiola, E. Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2,1. p. 875 (1895).

Bion, O. P.-Cambridge, loc. cit. p. 244 (1898).

Vitica, E. Simon, op. cit. ii. p. 1003 (1908).

Type of Witica, W. talis, O. P.-Cambr. (3), Mexico; of Physiola, P. nigrans, EK. Simon, Venezuela; of Bion,

B. brevis, O. P.-Cambr. ( ¢), Mexico.

1. Witica talis.

Witica talis,O. P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 160, t. 19. figg. 18, 13 a-c (¢)’.

Bion brevis, O. P.-Cambr. loe. cit. i. p. 244, t. 80. figg. 5, 5a-g (g)*.

Physiola nigrans, Simon, Hist. Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 876 (¢ 2)’.

Types, d, of W. talis and B. brevis in coll. Godman & Salvin; of P. nigrans in coll. E. Simon. Total length

2 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (J/. H. Smith! *).—VuEneEzvELA, San Esteban °.

The types of the two first-mentioned species are identical and they agree with

the description of P. nigrans from Venezuela.

The enumeration of the species of Araneidea contained in the collections before me

being now concluded, I am able to give a complete Synopsis of the whole of the families

represented in the Central-American fauna, the arrangement adopted differing some-

what from that followed in the preceding pages.

Sect. MYGALOMORPH & (p. 4).

The plane of the articulation of the mandibles vertical. Pulmo-

nary sacs four in number.

A. Tarsi without claw-tufts; inferior claw nearly always distinct.

a. Base of mandible without a rastellum at the apex. Spinning-

_ mammillz long, slender, widely separate at the base . . . DirLurip# (p. 34).

542 . ARANEIDEA.

b. Base of mandible with a more or less well-developed rastellum

at the apex. Spinning-mammille short, stout, and closely

situate atthe base . . . . 1 1 ee ee ee e+) 6 CrENIZID# (p. 5),

B. Tarsi with claw-tufts; inferior claw seldom present (sometimes

in immature forms and in some males on tarsi iv.) . . . . THERAPHOSID# (p. 18).

Sect. ARACHNOMORPH & (p. 42).

The plane of the articulation of the mandibles horizontal.

Pulmonary sacs two in number (except in Hypochilus), the

second pair replaced by tracheal tubes.

A. Cribellum and calamistrum present.

a. Tracheal stigmata situated midway between the genital rima

and the spinners. Mandibles soldered together at their

base. . . toe ee Loe ee . . . . Frurstarm (p. 45).

5. Tracheal stigmata situated immediately in front of the spinning-

mammille. Mandibles not soldered together basally.

‘i. Tarsal claws 8.

a’, Ungual tufts present on the tarsi . . . . . . . . Psecurips@ (p. 356).

6’. No ungual tufts on the tarsi.

a. Central anterior eyes abnormally large . . . . . DEINoPID# (p. 359).

6°. Central anterior eyes normal in size.

a’. Anal tubercle elongate, conical . . . . . . . ULoxsorip# (p. 860).

b°. Anal tubercle short, semicircular. . . . . . . Dicrynips (p. 357).

ii. Tarsal claws 2.

a‘, Tarsi i. and ii. not scopulate. Ungual tuft present . . ACANTHOCTENID (p. 354).

b*. Tarsi i. and i. densely scopulate beneath. Ungual tuft

absent. . 2. 2. 1 6 ee ee ew we ew ee) 6ZGOROPSIDE (p. 353).

B. Cribellum and calamistrum absent.

a. Tracheal stigmata (or second pair) widely separate, not

migrant, situated close to the first pair (whether pulmonary

or tracheal).

a’. The first pair of stigmata opening on to pulmonary sacs.

. Colulus absent . . . . w se . . . « Oonopipa# (p. 44).

b. _ first pair of stigmata (as well as the second) opening on

| to tracheal tubes . 2... . . 1 ee ee SC Capontirpm (p. 43).

b. Tracheal stigmata (or second pair) coalescent, migrant, more

or less remote from the genital rima.

aa. Kyes 8.

I. Tarsus iv. without serrate bristles or single series of

serrate spines.

a*, Posterior pair of spinning-mammille absent or much

shorter than the anterior pair . . . . . . - ZopaRiip# (p. 53).

b*. Posterior pair of spinning-mammille not shorter than

the anterior pair.

ARACHNOMORPH 2. 543

a’. Posterior spinning-mammille very long, flagelliform,

tapering, attenuate. . . . . . . . . . Hersti1up# (p. 350).

6°. Posterior spinning-mammille not abnormally long

or flagelliform.

* Tarsal claws 2. Ungual tufts present.

a’. Anterior pair of spinning-mammille set wide

apart attheir base. . . . . GwapnHosip (p. 54).

6°. Anterior pair of spinning- -mammille set close

together at their base.

a’. Apex of protarsi without a hard chitinous rim,

but furnished with a trilobate membrane . HeEreRopopip# (p. 118).

6°. Apex of protarsi with a hard chitinous rim, .

not furnished with a trilobate membrane.

a’. Eyes situated in an almost straight trans-

verse row . . . . . . . . . « « SELENOPIDH (p. 115).

6’. Eyes situated in two or three transverse

rows.

a*. Legs iii. and iv. very much shorter than

i, and ii. Mandibles weak, sometimes

with very smallteeth . . . . . TxHomisip# (p. 127).

6°, Legs iii. and iv. not much shorter than

i, and ii. Mandibles strong, with stout

teeth.

a’, Central anterior eyes very large. Eyes

of posterior row widely separate,

forming a large quadrangle . . . Saxricrp# (p. 166).

6°, Central anterior eyes not or scarcely

enlarged. yes of posterior row not

widely separate, forming a trans-

verse row.

a’. Eyes situated in two transverse

rows.

a’, Tracheal stigmata more or less

remote from the spinning-

mammille . . . . . . . ANYPHENIDE (p. 92).

6". Tracheal stigmata set imme-

diately in front of the spinning-

mammille . . . . . . . CxuBronrp# (p. 61).

6’. Eyes situated in three, or four,

transverse rows. . . . . . . Crenipz (p. 107),

** Tarsal claws 3.

a’, Tibia of male palpus with an apical external

spur.

a’’, Protarsi i. and ii. without a central apical

spine beneath . 2 . 1 . . ww). .) «Snocunips (p. 349).

544 ARANEIDEA.

6°. Protarsi i. and ii. with a central apical spine

beneath.

a“, Eyesin two rows. . . . + « . . « AGELENIDE (p. 332).

6“. Eyes in threerows . . . . . . . . Puisaurrpm (p. 303).

6°. Tibia of male palpus without an apical ex-

ternal spur.

a’. Eyes of anterior row subequal or centrals

sometimes larger. Labium and maxille

shorter in proportion. . . . . . . . Lycosip# (p. 814).

6”. Central eyes of anterior row much smaller.

Labium and maxille longer in proportion . Oxyoprip# (p. 338).

II. Tarsus iv. set with numerous serrate bristles, or with a

single series of serrate spines beneath.

a’, Tarsus iv. set with a single series of stout, curved,

serrate spines beneath. . . . . . . . . . « HERIDIIDZ (p. 371).

bY, Tarsus iv. set with numerous serrate bristles.

a’, Tibize and protarsi i. and ii. furnished with a series

of widely separate, very long spines, the interspaces

being set with a row of shorter curved spines,

increasing in length distally . . . . . . . . Mimerip/@ (p. 409).

6". Tibize and protarsi not so furnished.

a’. Legs shorter and stouter; Maxille not inclined

overlabium . .... . . . . . . . ARGYOoPID# (p. 412).

6°. Legs very long and slender. Maxille inclined

over labium ...... .. . . . . PHoLcips# (p. 865).

bb. Hyes 6.

a’, Mandibles not soldered together at their base. Fang of

mandible long and slender . . . . . .

b. Mandibles soldered together at their base. Fang of

mandible short, but weak. Colulus present or absent . Scyroprpa# (p. 48).

Lerronetip@ (p. 45).

The following genera or species have been added to the Mexican or Central-

American fauna during the course of publication of the present volume, or have

been accidentally omitted in our enumeration :—

THERAPHOSIDA.

Citharacanthus, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. p. 551 (1901), n. g., for

Eurypelma longipes, F. Cambr. antea, p. 21.

Dugesiella crinita, Pocock, loc. cit. p. 552.—Mexico, Guanajuato.

Aphonopelma, Pocock, loc. cit. p. 553, n. g., for Eurypelma seemanni, F. Cambr.

antea, p. 26.

ARANEIDEA. 545

Acentropelma, Pocock, loc. cit. p. 554, n. g., for Metriopelma spinulosum, F. Cambr.

antea, p. 33.

Eurypelma helluo, Simon, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xliv. p. 323; Banks, Proc. Calif.

Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 208.—Mexico, Sonora.

ScyYToDIDA.

Scytodes fusca (Walck.), Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 209.—Mexico,

Hermosillo.

CLUBIONID.

Odo lenis, Keyserl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxvii. p. 455, t. 6. fig. 36 (2)

(1887).—Nicaragua.

Thargalia venusta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 227, t. 13. fig. 85.—

Mexico, San Miguel de Horcasitas.

HETEROPODIDA.

Olios luctuosa, Banks, loc. cit. p. 267, t. 16. fig. 15.—Mexico, Tepic.

SALTICIDA.

Dendryphantes ruber, Peckh. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. 1880, p. 66 (Pheleus) ;

Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc. ili. p. 47.—Guatemala.

Ashtabula glauca, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlvi. p. 31 (1902).—Mexico,

Cuernavaca, Guanajuato.

ARGYOPID&.

Singa mesta, Banks, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. p. 206, t. 15. fig. 3.—Mexico,

Tepic.

Gea predicta, O. P. Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 267, t. 387.

figg. 11, ll a—-f'( 3 ).—Mexico, Teapa.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran. & Opil., Vol. IL, November 1904. 4 af

546 OPILIONES.

Order OPILIONES.

The members of this order, known also as the “ Phalangidea,” or by the trivial

name of “Harvestmen,” must have taken their origin ages ago, even before the

Carboniferous period, together with the ancestors of the Scorpiones, Pedipalpi, Acaridea,

Chernetidea, &c., springing from a vast congeries of more or less problematic forms

to which the name AZropneustea has been applied. It is probable that all the present

existing Land-Arachnids diverged from the still earlier congeries of water-breathing

forms, Hydropneustea, represented by the fossil Gigantostraca and Limuloids, and in

recent and present times by the only surviving forms, Limulus and the Pantopods.

The period of their origination must, at any rate, have preceded the appearance

during the Carboniferous epoch of the air-breathing scorpion, Anthracoscorpius. It

is probable that the specialization began during the still earlier Silurian times,

since in this period there existed an Arachnid which is a true scorpion in every

sense, except that it has apparently no trace of air-breathing lung-sacs. It cannot at

present be definitely decided whether these Silurian scorpions were “ air-breathers ” or

‘“‘ water-breathers,” but itis probable that about this period of geological history modern

Land-Arachnids, and with them the Opiliones, became specialized from water-breathing

ancestors, since undeniable Opilionids, represented by Hophrynus and various other

genera, existed in Carboniferous times.

The habits of the Opiliones are much simpler than those of the Araneidea, for

although, like them, they are carnivorous, they make no web for the ensnaring of their

prey, and the production and care of their offspring resolves itself into laying their

eggs in convenient chinks and crevices, where the female leaves them, taking no

further interest in their welfare.

The various species differ remarkably in structural character from the true spiders,

although they approach more closely the Rhynchostomi or Acaridea in this respect.

The “ prosoma ” and “‘opisthosoma,” which are distinctly separated by a narrow pedicle

in all the Araneidea into two main portions,—the carapace and abdomen—are in the

Opiliones and Acaridea fused together. The traces of the original segmentation of the

opisthosoma are still in strong evidence, the terminal four segments being even now

free and unfused amongst the former, but in the Acaridea they have become entirely

obsolete. The ‘“ Harvestmen,’ as well as the “Mites” and “Ticks,” breathe by

means of stigmata communicating with a system of tracheal tubes, the openings in

the case of the Opiliones being two in number, situated on the third opisthosomatic

segment, behind the coxe of the fourth pair of legs, there being also spiracles on the

tibiee of the legs.

The method of the fertilization by the male of the ova of the female differs entirely

from that which obtains amongst the true spiders. Whereas in the latter case no

OPILIONES. 547

intromittent organ has ever been specialized, but its function assumed by the speciali-

zation of the second pair of appendages (the palpi) in the former case, in the Opiliones

there is a well-developed intromittent male organ or “penis” corresponding with an

homologous organ in the female, called the ovipositor. These organs lie beneath the

first two opisthosomatic segments, which have migrated forwards towards the region

of the mouth (very far forward in the Plagiostethi, less so in Mecostethi), crowding the

coxal segments of the legs together and reducing the sternal sclerites to quite attenuate

proportions.

The dorsal segments of the prosoma, constituting the so-called “carapace,” are

entirely fused and bear a pair of eyes, usually placed on a larger or smaller median

tubercle. The first five dorsal segments of the opisthosoma are also completely fused,

but the grooves marking the original divisions are distinctly traceable in very many

Opiliones; while the last four segments are quite separate or free, united along their

margins by connective tissue.

In the ventral aspect the “ prosoma” is represented by the chelz, palpi, and four

ambulatory appendages, with the maxille and more or less obliterate sternal elements ;

the “‘opisthosoma” by the two genital segments, the segment bearing the spiracles,

and the six free segments, the two terminals being, however, fused together.

The first pair of appendages are chelate for purposes of seizing and crushing prey,

and. in the males of many forms they are enormously developed. The second pair

constitute the so-called ‘‘ palpi,” and usually terminate in a strong single claw. They

are variously armed with formidable spines, and in such cases are used for the com-

pression of the prey against the mandibles and maxille in the operation of mastication.

The third pair of appendages are ambulatory in their function, constituting the first

pair of legs. ‘The fourth pair, usually considerably lengthened and slender, are in

many cases further specialized, and the terminal segments are broken up into numerous

small sections. They have ceased to be purely ambulatory, but have become used for

tactile purposes, their function being analogous to that of the third pair of appendages

in the Pedipalpi, most noticeable amongst the Phrynide. The fifth and sixth pairs are

used for ambulatory purposes, while amongst the Cosmetide and Gonyleptide, for

instance, the sixth pair is often in the male sex highly developed and armed with

specialized spines, chiefly on the femoral segment.

It is as yet by no means clear what the exact use of these specialized posterior

legs in the male sex may be, though possibly they serve as claspers in the act of

copulation.

The tarsal claws vary in number in the different families, and have been utilized as

a basis of the highest importance for the division of the Opiliones into three suborders

by Loman.

For the present, however, the view adopted here is that recently put forward by

Mr. R. I. Pocock, that the character of the sternal sclerites, with others of considerable

Aagt 2

548 OPILIONES.

importance, are, taken collectively, of much greater systematic value than a mere

coincidence in the relative number of the tarsal claws, and this, too, taken by

itself.

We may therefore classify the order Opiliones (disregarding the Cyclophthalmi,

which are not represented in our collection) into two suborders, as follows :—

SUBORDERS.

A. Genital aperture remote from the maxille . . . . . . . . . . . . Macosrerut.

B. Genital aperture much nearer the maxille . . . . . . . . . . . . PuagiosTErut.

The first suborder can be subdivided into two main groups—Laniatores and

Insidiatores, thus :—

GROUPS.

i. Sternum not, or only very slightly, dilate opposite the apex of coxa iv.

Coxa ii. not bearing a sterno-maxillary process. Legs 1. and 11. each with

ii, Sternum dilate at the base opposite the apex of coxaiv. Coxa ii. bearing a

distinct sterno-maxillary process. Legs 1-iv. each with one tarsal claw

only 2, . ee ee ee eee ew ee.) [Lysis ores. ]

Suborder MECOSTETHI.

Group LANIATORES.

Sternum forming a long and narrow sclerite lying between the coxe of legs ili. and interposing between the

mouth and the genital aperture, the latter lying between the coxe of legs iv. Palpi stout, sometimes

(in some Gonoleptide) very long; usually armed with more or less formidable spines, and terminating

in a powerful claw. Legs i. and ii. terminating in one, and iii. and iv. in two tarsal claws; i. with the

sterno-coxal (or maxillary) process coalescent with the basal segment or coxa; ii. without such process.

FAMILIES.

A. Second and third ventral opisthosomatic somites fused, without a

dividing transverse groove. Palpi enlarged, more or less compressed

and armed with setiform spines or stout basally enlarged spines; the

terminal claw simple. ‘Tarsi of legs 11. and iv. without a median vesicle

beneath and between the claws.

a. Terminal tarsal claws of legs iii. and iv. with an inter-basal projection

between them. Coxa iv. much dilated.

a’. Tibia of palpus much compressed, lamelliform, armed marginally

with fine setiform spines only, not with stout basally enlarged

spimes se 6 ee ee ee ee ew ew ee we . ). 6Cosmetiva, Perty.

b’. Tibia of palpus not compressed, lamelliform, armed marginally with

long spines, their basal portion enlarged . . . . . . . . Gonorzprips, Sund,

b. Terminal tarsal claws of legs 11. and iv. without an inter-basal projec-

tion between them. Coxa iv. less dilated . ASSAMIOID&, Sorens.

COSMETID. 549

B. Second and third ventral opisthosomatic somites separated by a trans-

verse fold. Palpi long, slender, cylindrical, almost or quite unarmed ;

the terminal claw not simply unciform, but dilate basally, piriform.

Tarsi of legs ili. and iv. with a white vesicle beneath and between

the claws. . . 0.0.0. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee) 6 RPALPINIDA, NOV,

Fam, COSMETIDA.

No sterno-coxal lobe on leg ii. Palpi not longer than the body; armed with five marginal spines only, the

femur being compressed; the tibiee flattened-lamelliform, dilate and concave beneath, thus fitting over

the mandibles. Terminal tarsal claw of palpus usually about half the length of the tarsus. Spiracles

exposed. Second and third opisthosomatic somites fused together, without visible suture. Coxa iv.

often very much enlarged, especially in the male sex. Eye-tumulus low, without coniform tubercles.

Legs iii. and iv. in some cases larger than i. and ii., in others subequal; i. and i. each with one, and

iii. and iv. with two tarsal claws, those of the last two pairs sometimes pectinate.

The Cosmetide may be divided into the following subfamilies, of which the first

(including the genera Gryne, Protus, Discosoma, &c.) is not at present known to be

represented in Central America. They may be separated thus :—

SUBFAMILIES.

B. Tarsal claws of legs iii. and iv. not pectinated. . . . . . - . . COSMETINA, nov.

Subfam. COSMETIN A, nov.

So far as the generic groups are concerned, C. L. Koch and E, Simon have based

their subdivisions chiefly on the number of segments in the tarsi, especially of leg i.

Sdrensen and Loman, while refraining from regarding these characters as of sufficient

importance for the purpose, have not, so far as I can ascertain, proposed others any

more satisfactory. It is quite true that the number of the tarsal segments varies very

much in forms which otherwise are evidently closely allied; but, at the same time, so

far as my experience goes, the number, at any rate in leg i., is quite constant in the

same species, ¢. g. they are not liable to individual variation.

There are two courses open to us: (1) either to “lump” together all the forms here

described under the subfamily Cosmetine, and place them under one generic heading,

Cosmetus, Perty; or (2) carry out the subdivision based on the varying number of

tarsal segments consistently throughout its minute ramifications. The latter plan

is adopted here, owing to the great inconvenience of tabulating a number of species in

a single generic group.

Of the genera indicated below, Erginus and Cynorta are perhaps the least satis-

factory, because the relative size of legs iii. and iv., when compared with i. and iL,

varies very much, and one is liable to find forms in which it is impossible to say

whether they are “ markedly ” larger or not,

550 OPILIONES.

With regard to the identification of the genera of Perty and Koch, one can only at

present ascertain what are the types and wait till some competent arachnologist has

examined the type-species still existing in the museums at Berlin and Paris, and

has definitely settled what their special characters may be.

The various genera belonging to this subfamily, some of which are only known to

me as yet from South America, may be distinguished as follows :—

GENERA.

A. Tarsus iii. with 6 segments.

a. Tarsus i. with 5 segments, 1 and 2 slightly dilate ( ¢).

6, Tarsus i. with 6 segments, 1-3 slightly dilate ( ¢).

1. Segments of tarsi iii. and iv. not incrassate, compressed.

2. Segments of tarsi ii. and iv. incrassate, compressed

B. Tarsus i. with from 7-10 segments.

a‘, Tarsus i. with from 5-8 segments.

a’. Basal segments of tarsus i. only slightly enlarged (3).

a. Tarsus i. with 5 segments, 1 and 2 slightly

enlarged (¢) .

6°, Tarsus i. with from 6-8 segments.

a‘. Tarsus i. with 6 segments, 1-3 slightly enlarged (¢@).

a’. Legs iii. and iv. not markedly stouter than

leandi.. 2. 1 we ee ee

6°. Legs iii. and iv. markedly stouter than i. and u.

6*. Tarsus i. with 7 or 8 segments.

a’. Tarsus i. with 7 segments, 1-4 slightly en-

larged (3) 2 2 7 1 we ee ee

6°. Tarsus i. with 8 segments, 1-5 slightly en-

larged (3) . 2 we ee ee

b?. Basal segments of tarsus i. very markedly dilate.

a’. Tarsus i. with 6 or 7 segments.

a’. Tarsus i. with 6 segments, 1 and 2 or 1-3 dilate (¢).

a’, Segments | and 2 of tarsus 1. dilate

b°. Segments 1-3 of tarsusi. dilate . . . . .

6°. Tarsus i. with 7. segments, 1-4 dilate.

b”. Tarsus i. with 5 segments, 1 and 2 dilate .

b', Tarsus i. with 10 segments . . .

PARAVONONES, gen. nov.

METAVONONES, gen. nov.

ERGINOIDES, gen. nov.

Meracynorta, gen. nov.

Cynorta, C. L. Koch.

Ereinus, Simon.

METERGINUS, gen. nov.

Pacitrama, C. L. Koch.

[Ruavcus, Simon. ]

[MrrarHavcvs, gen. nov. |

[ PARARHAUCUS, gen. nov. |

[ Nzoruavcus, gen. nov. |

[Cosmetus, Pewty (nec Simon).|

Nore.—The types of Metarhaucus, Pararhaucus, and Neorhaucus are from South America. A short description

of each is added below for the sake of comparison.

PARAVONONES, gen. nov.

The species here included under Paravonones are very like Vonones, Simon.

This genus, however, founded

upon a female, has seven segments in tarsus lii., whereas all the forms described below have but six

segments, The number of tarsal segments stands thus :—i. 5, 1 and 2 subequal, dilate in ¢; ii. 8-10;

PARAVONONES.

iii. 6; iv. 7, Eye-tumulus, viewed transversely, twice as long as broad. Segment 3 of dorsal scutum

with a pair of short cusps. Coxa and trochanter of leg iv. with an apical spur. Femur iv. armed

apically with denticles of various sizes and disposition, also protarsus iv. in some cases. Body and legs

more or less covered with minute tubercles. Dorsal scutum much dilate laterally, forming an almost

circular plate, segments 4 and 5 being, however, in some species more elongated.

In the ¢$ of certain species, P. quadratus, P. biserratus, and P. claviger, the first and second ventral opistho-

somatic segments are much longer than the distance between the spiracles; but in P. compressus and

P. incrassatus they are equal. Mandibles not enlarged. Palpi similar in general character to those of

the allied genera,

Five species occur in the collection which may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Protarsus iv. with a series of separate specialized denticles on the inner

side.

a. Femur iv. with a series of denticles on each side in the apical third.

Protarsus iv. without a larger, more conspicuous, spur at the apex . . biserratus, sp. n.

6. Femur iv. without a series of denticles in the apical third. Protarsus iv.

with a larger, more conspicuous, denticle or spur at the apex. . . . quadratus, sp. n.

B. Protarsus iv. without separate specilized denticles.

a’. Femur iv. geniculate and enlarged at the apex, set with dentiform

tubercles . 2. 2. 1. 1 ew ee ee . claviger, sp. n.

b'. Femur iv. incrassate, but not geniculate and enlarged at the apex.

a’. Femur iv. flattened or compressed beneath, concave . . . . . . Ccompressus, sp. n.

6’. Femur iv. not compressed and concave beneath, simply incrassate

throughout and granulose. . . . . . 1. . . 1. ws .).) e) tnerassatus, sp. n.

Females.

A. Dorsal scutum without tubercles on segment4 . . . . . . . . . compressus.

B. Dorsal scutum with a pair of tubercles on segment 4, as well as a pair of

very minute ones on segment3 . . . . 2 2. ew ew ww. tnerassatus.

1. Paravonones biserratus, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 1, 1a, 0, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 3, 5°5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iy. 5 millim.

g. General characters similar to those of P. quadratus. Femur iv. is not, however, so strongly curved, and

presents on the inner side a series of small tubercles starting from the base, becoming longer in the apical

third, forming a double row of short denticles; the outer side is similarly curved, but the terminal

denticles form a single series only. Protarsus iv. on the inner side with a row of widely separate denticles,

but without the larger apical denticle characteristic of the above-named species. The tergal third

segment has a pair of low tubercles only. Tarsal segments, i. 5, 1 and 2 dilate; ii. 9; ili. 6; iv. 7.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (1. H. Smith).

Two males.

2. Paravonones quadratus, sp.n. (Tab. LIT. figg. 2, 2a, 6, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim. (exel. mand.) ; femur iv. 6°5 millim.

3g. Eye-tumulus low, transverse-oval, scarcely twice as broad as long, sometimes plain, sometimes with warts,

but without spines. Whole body smooth, without warts. Tergal scutum with even less indication of

552 . OPILIONES.

the segmental grooves than in Erginus; segment 3 with two sharp spines transversely situated in the

middle. Tarsi i. and ii. with one claw; iii. and iv. with two claws. Tarsal segments, i. 5,1 and 2 -

dilate, elongate, subequal; ii. 9; iii. 6; iv. 7. Pedipalp similar in general structure to that of Hrginus,

the tibia not quite so much dilate laterally, and straight on the inner side. Basal segment of mandibles

furnished with warts; chela not so dilate basally as in Erginus, the movable digit being without teeth

on the inner side; the fixed digit with a thin cutting-carina.

Legs generally similar to those of Erginus, furnished with minute tubercles; coxa iv. is, however, more

elongate and much more dilate, laterally, forming an abrupt constriction where it joins coxa iii. The

sheath of the penis is also much longer than the width between the spiracles, being about equal to it in

Erginus. (In the @ of the allied species the sheath of the ovipositor does not present the great length

of the sheath of the penis of the ¢, but the other general characters are similar in the two sexes. |

Coxa iv. has a short apical spur, meeting another on trochanter iv., but these are purely specific characters.

Femur iv. is strongly curved, dorsally, furnished with minute tubercles, but without long denticles [the apex

is dilate in some species of the genus, and in others protarsus iv. is dentate on the inner side]; patella iv.

dilate; protarsus iv. bearing a series of short, widely separate (8-10) denticles, which are irregular,

however, in position, the apical tooth being larger and directed backwards. [In Hrginus the tergal scutum

is laterally dilate in the middle only; in Vonones the dilatation extends almost throughout its length. |

Colour. Body and legs deep umber-brown, with a circular, yellow filigree blotch behind the eye-tumulus, a

small central and a lateral marginal spot on segments 1 and 2, and a central posterior marginal yellow

line on segment 3 of the dorsal scutum.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (/7. H. Smith).

3. Paravonones claviger, sp.n. (Tab. LIL. figg. 3, 3a, 2.)

Type, dg, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 3°25 millim.

3. General characters similar to those of P. quadratus. Trochanter iv. without a spur to meet that at the

apex of the coxa. Femur iv. abruptly geniculate and dilate at the tip, bearing a prominence on the

inner side, which has a triplet of denticles at its apex; beneath, on each side, is a short series of small

denticles, between which the patella falls when the leg is closed. Protarsus iv. plain, without denticles.

The tergal third segment presents a pair of short spines. Tarsal segments, i. 5, 1 and 2 dilate; 11. 10;

ili. 6; iv. 7.

Colour.. Body and legs deep umber-brown, with a minute posterior central and marginal yellow dot on

segments 1, 2, and 3 of the dorsal scutum. |

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero ({/. H. Smith).

4. Paravonones compressus, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 4, 4a, 6, 3.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 2,4 millim.; femur iv., ¢, 2°5 millim.

3g. General characters similar to those of others of the genus. Eye-tumulus one-half longer than broad,

with a pair of yellow warts above. Dorsal scutum with the five segments each marked by a pair of

small yellow tubercles, those on 5 more numerous. The four free opisthosomatic segments have each a

series of yellow warts. Coxa iv. with a small apical spur above; trochanter iv. with a curved spur

below. Femur iv. strongly compressed on the underside, excavate, the posterior margin bearing a few

widely separate tubercles. Tarsal segments, i. 5, 1 and 2 dilate, 1 slightly longer ; il. 8; iii. 6; iv. 7.

Posterior margin of femur of palpus plain, anterior margin armed with cusps. Basal segment of mandibles

with cusps behind and a few also in front.

Colour. Body ochre-brown, with the pairs of yellow warts mentioned above and the rows of seven or eight on

the 5th—9th segments, and also a thin yellow line on each side, broken at the junction of the prosoma

and opisthosoma, then continuous as far as the fifth segment, throwing out a lateral branch at the second

segment to the margin. Legs brown, suffused with black reticulations ; the protarsi annulated with dull

white rings.

Q. Similar to the ¢ in general characters, differing only in having femur iy. simple in form, not compressed.

Hab. GuateMALA, Cahabon (Sarg) ; Costa Rica (Sarg).

PARAVONONES.—ERGINOIDES. 553

5. Paravonones incrassatus, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 5, 5a, 3.)

Type 3, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 2,4 millim.; femur iv., ¢, 3 millim.

g. General characters similar to those of P. compressus. Eye-tumulus twice as long as broad, with a few

minute warts. The dorsal scutum has a pair of short sharp cusps, their points directed backwards on

segments 3 and 4. The four opisthosomatic segments are studded with minute warts dorsally, and the

legs are also covered with minute warts, especially iii. and iv. Femur of palpus without denticles on

the upper margin, but with the usual ones below. Trochanter iv. with only a minute spur below.

Femur iv. cylindrical, not compressed, incrassate, covered with numerous small tubercles, especially

noticeable along the outer margin. Tarsal segments, i.5, 1 and 2 dilate, 2 slightly longer than 1; ii. 10;

lil. 6; iv. 7. Basal segment of mandible with a few warts above.

Colour. Body olive-green, legs brown, the tarsi paler. Dorsal scutum margined with pale ochre, the eye-

tumulus being situated in an ochre blotch ; a white spot lies on each side, on the prosomatic groove, and

the five dorsal segments are marked by thin transverse yellow-white lines.

@. Similar to the ¢ in general appearance, but with the tarsal segments of the first leg not dilate, nor are

the femora of the fourth pair incrassate.

_ Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

METAVONONES, gen. nov.

Type UM. hispidus, sp.n. Mexico.

General characters similar to those of the examples which I identify as Vonones ; but there are six segments

in tarsus i. Eye-tumulus scarcely longer than broad. The whole body, dorsally, and legs covered with

minute tubercles. Dorsal scutum evenly dilate laterally, the fifth segment scarcely prolonged. Leg iv.

enlarged, but without special denticles. Coxa and trochanter iv. with an apical spur. Mandibles not

dilate, basal segment covered with minute tubercles. Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3 short, subequal, slightly

dilate; ii. 10; iii. 6; iv. 6. The length of the first and second ventral opisthosomatic segments is

much greater than the width between the spiracles—a character, however, peculiar to the male sex.

1. Metavonones hispidus, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 6, 6a, d, 4 .)

Type, 3d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.; femur iv. 4 millim; protarsus ii. 3°5 millim.

The structural characters appear in the generic diagnosis. Dorsal scutum almost circular,

Colour. Body and legs umber-brown, without pale markings or lines.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

ERGINOIDES, gen. nov.

Type £. tarsalis, sp. n. Costa Rica. .

The single species described below differs from any of those included in the genera Erginus and Metarhaucus

owing to the incrassation of the tarsi of legs iii.andiv. The pseudo-segment at the apex of protarsus iv.

is more evident than in the above-mentioned genera, but this character is more or less common to them

all. The terminal segment of tarsus iv., as well as that of iii., is more remarkably distinct, being

quadrate, viewed in profile ; the terminal process is very stout, while the pair of tarsal claws are much

smaller, their apices not extending beyond the tip of this process. The first three segments of tarsus i.

are proportionately more dilate than in Hrginus, resembling those of Metarhaucus ; but tarsi iii. and iy.

have only six segments in the present species.

Otherwise the general characters are much the same, the eye-tumulus being about one-third longer, trans-

versely, than broad. The length of the first two opisthosomatic ventral segments about equals the

distance which separates the spiracles.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Opil., Vol. I1., November 1904. 4 Bt

554 OPILIONES.

1. Erginoides tarsalis, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 7, 7a, 6.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 5 millim.

General characters as in Hrginus pectinigerus. Eye-tumulus more distinctly raised, only slightly longer than -

broad. Dorsal scutum without conical spines, its broadest point lying before the middle. Femur of

palpus with a dorsal basal row of cusps and also the usual ventral series common to the Cosmetide.

Mandible smooth, not much enlarged; digits short and stout, half as long as the basal portion. Tarsal

segments, i. 6, the three basals dilate (but more markedly than in Hrginus), 2 and 3 subequal, 1 slightly

longer ; ii. 12-14; iii. 6; iv. 6. The tarsal segments of iii. and iv. are enlarged, especially those of iv.,

1 being the longest in each, and 2 and 3 subequal, the terminal segment, viewed in profile, almost

quadrate, the terminal process being very stout, especially in iv., while the tarsal claws are very small.

All the legs are covered with minute cusp-like tubercles, those on iv. being more developed. Femur iv.

simple, without series of denticles. Coxa iv. enlarged as in Erginus, with a small apical spur above ;

trochanter iv. without spurs.

Colour. Body brown, suffused with black. Prosoma with a small yellow filagree spot on each side, united by

a yellow line, following the groove uniting the prosoma with the opisthosoma. The latter with a faint,

broken, central, dorsal, yellow line, uniting with a fine curved yellow line on each side on the posterior

margin of the third segment. Legs olive-brown.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

| METACYNORTA, gen. nov.

Type M. gracilipes, sp.n. Guatemala.

General characters as in Cynorta, but the tarsus of leg i. has five segments, instead of six, the first two being

slightly enlarged in the ¢. Dorsal scutum with two minute tubercles on the first segment and a pair of

rather larger ones on the third. The margin of the fifth segment and that of the four free segments set,

with minute tubercles, the fourth being also studded with minute tubercles on its disc. EKye-tumulus

about one-third longer, transversely, than broad. Legs very slender, subequal, iii. and iv. scarcely stouter.

Palpi and mandibles similar in structure to those of Cynorta. Tarsal segments, i. 5; ii. 9; iil. 7 ;

iv. 7.

1. Metacynorta gracilipes, sp.n. (Tab. LII. fig. 8, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim.; femur iv. 8 millim.

General characters as in Oynorta longipes, the chief difference between them being in the number of the

segments of tarsus i. For structural characters, see under the generic diagnosis.

Colour. Body olive-brown, legs paler. Dorsal scutum with the prosomatic groove, the central line, and the

third segmental groove lined in yellow-white, with also a reticulated spot and some other scattered spots

on the margins of the prosomatic groove. Tarsal segments, i. 5, 1 and 2 dilate, elongate, equal; ii. 9:

iii. 7; iv. 7. Femur iv. quite simple.

Hab. GUATEMALA (Sarg).

CYNORTA.

Cynorta, C. L. Koch, Uebersicht des Arachn. p. 20 (1839).

Type C. conspersa, C. L. Koch.

Of the species which remains as the type of the genus, Koch says that the first three segments of tarsus i. are

incrassate, and, judging from the figure of C. conspersa, there is no reason to doubt that the forms here

referred to this group have been correctly allocated. They are also, so far as one'can judge, congeneric

with those which Simon refers to Cynorta. . |

Koch does not state how many segments there are in tarsus i.; but there are, it appears to me, always three

terminal segments which retain their normal construction, no matter how many of the basals are dilate,

CYNORTA. 55d

so that it has here been assumed that there are six segments in tarsus i. The chief difference between

Cynorta and Hrginus lies in the much more slender build and more slender legs in the former, while the

third and fourth pairs of legs are not appreciably stouter than those of the first and second.

The forms included under this genus will probably be subsequently split up into

smaller groups, based primarily upon the varying number of tarsal segments. Nine

species are here recognized in the collection, which may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Tarsus ii. with 7 segments; iv. with 8 or 9.

a. Tarsus ii. with 11 segments ; the free opisthosomatic segments each

studded, dorsally, with a row of white spots. . . . . . . . albipunctata, sp. n.

6. Tarsus ii. with 13-14 segments; the free opisthosomatic segments

unicolorous, dorsally.

a’. Tarsus ii. with 18 segments. Leg ii. much longer in proportion to

the body ; femur ii. one-half longer than the body. . . . . . bipunctata, sp. n.

b'. Tarsus ii. with 14 segments. Leg ii. much shorter in proportion to

the body ; femur ii. not longer than the body . . . . . . . biguttata, sp. n.

B. Tarsus ii. with 8 segments.

a’. Tarsus iv. with 8 segments.

a’. Legs shorter and less slender; femur iv. less than the body in length.

Tarsus ii. with 10 segments . . . . . . 1. . es + «= bttuberculata, sp. n.

b°. Legs much longer and more slender ; femur iv. more than twice as

long as the body. ‘Tarsus ii. with 13 segments. . . . . . . Jomgipes, sp. n.

6°. Tarsus iv. with 9 segments.

q‘, Femur iv. simple, without apical denticles. Spines on the third

segment of the dorsal scutum much longer . . . . . . - Jongispina, sp. n.

i‘. Femur iv. with either a single inner apical tooth or several

denticles on each side, apically.

a’. Femur iv. with a single inner apical tooth, its apex directed

backwards. Tarsus ii. with 12 segments ; spines on the third

segment of the dorsal scutum short, but stout . . . . dentipes, sp. n.

. Femur iv. with three or more outer apical denticles and | two

inner apical denticles. Tarsus ii. with 13 segments ; spines

on the third segment of the dorsal scutum almost obsolete . annulipes, sp. n.

Females.

A. Tarsus iii. with 10 segments; iv. with 12. Femur iv. more than twice

aslong asthe body. . - . - - + + + ee ee ee ee + COMIQera, Sp. DL

B. Tarsus iii. with 7 or 8 segments ; iv. with 8. Femur iv. not or scarcely

longer than the body.

a. Tarsus iii. with 7 segments.

a. Dorsal scutum with a pair of rudimentary cusps on the third

segment,

4A BE 2

556 OPILIONES.

a’. The four free opisthosomatic segments without rows of white

spots, dorsally.

a*, Legs unicolorous, not annulate. . . . . bipunctata.

6°. Legs more or less annulated with black . . . . . . . bituberculata.

6°. The four free opisthosomatic segments with rows of white spots

dorsally . 2. 2. 2... we eee albipunctata.

6'. Dorsal scutum without even the rudimentary vestige of cusps on

the thirdsegment . . . . .. . 1. ee ew ee ee annulipes.

b. Tarsus ili. with 8 segments . . . . 1. 1. ww ee ee eee Aentipes.

Norz.—One must not attach too much importance to the number of tarsal segments on leg ii., because

these are often very difficult to distinguish. The number of segments in legs iii. andiv. is by no means constant

in both sexes of a species; and possibly, even in the same sex, individuals may occur in which the number is

not constant in the case of these legs. This, however, does not nullify the value of these characters: we have

merely to recognize individual variation from characters which are otherwise in the majority of examples

constant. So far as the material at hand enables me to judge, the segments of tarsus i. are constant in both

sexes,

1. Cynorta albipunctata, sp. n. (Tab. LII. figg. 9, 9 a, b, 3.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 5, 2 4 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv.,

o, 95 millim.

g. Legs, unlike those of Hrginus, subsimilar, the third and fourth pairs not markedly larger, nor are the

femora of the fourth pair much specialized. The spines on the tergal third segment are very small, mere

tubercles, often obsolete. ‘Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3 somewhat dilate; ii. 11; iii. 7 ; iv. 8. Legs

covered with minute tubercles; coxaiv. with a blunt apical spur; trochanter iv. without spurs; femur iy.

almost straight, slender, with two series of more conspicuous, but still very small, tubercles beneath ;

tibia iv. with a similar double series, and protarsus iv. with a single series, of similar tubercles beneath.

EKye-tumulus one-third longer, transversely, than broad.

?. Similar to the 3, except that the fourth pair of legs is similar to the rest and the segments of tarsus i.

are not dilate.

Colour. Body and legs very pale olive-green, the latter not annulate, their apices and the underside more or

less suffused with black. Behind the eye-tumulus, and embracing it, lies a triangular black blotch

outlined behind and laterally with a fine yellow line; the first, second, and third segments of the dorsal

scutum are outlined marginally, the third also posteriorly, with fine yellow lines, enclosing in a scalloped

pattern three black blotches on each side. Between these and the lateral margins are some irregular

filigree yellow lines ; the fourth and fifth segments, as well as the free segments, are studded each with

a transverse row of yellow dots. There is also a central series of a few dots, besides a sublateral dot on

each, on segments 1, 2, and 3 of the dorsal scutum. A short yellow line runs also from the apex of the

lateral scallop of segment 3 to the margin.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

2. Cynorta bipunctata, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 10, 10a, 3 .)

Type ¢,gynetype Q, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 9, 5 millim. (excl. mand.); protarsus ii.

6°5 millim.; femur ii. 6 millim.

General characters as in the allied species, except that the legs are stouter and the eyes wider apart, the eye-

tumulus being about twice as long as broad. Segment 3 of the dorsal scutum with a pair of short, stout

coniform cusps. Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3 dilate; ii. 13; iii, 7 3 iv. 8. Femur iy. plain, without

denticles, and with only very minute spicules or cusps. Body entirely smooth. Coxa and trochanter iv

with slight apical spurs. °

CYNORTA. 557

Colour. Body deep brown above, underside and legs ochre-brown; the latter not annulate. The dorsal scutum

bears a large, reticulated, yellow blotch on each side at the junction of the prosoma and opisthosoma ;

there is also a broken central opisthosomatic line, the third and fourth segments being slightly (not

completely) outlined in yellow. »

Q.» Similar to the male, but without the dilated segments in tarsus 1.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

3. Cynorta biguttata, sp.n. (Tab. LI. figg. 11, lla, 3.)

Type, g, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.); protarsus ii. 4 millim.; femora,

ii. 5, iv. 4°5 millim.

Generally similar to C. bipunctata, but with the legs much shorter and stouter in proportion. Tarsal

segments, i. 6, 1-3 dilate; ii. 14; iii. 7; iv. 8. Eye-tumulus about one-half longer than broad.

Segment 3 of the dorsal scutum with a pair of short, coniform spines, their apices curving backwards.

The whole body smooth, the legs, especially iii. and iv., exhibiting the usual spicules. Femur iv. bearing

no special denticles.

Colour. Body olive-brown, with a pair of yellow blotches on each side at the junction of the prosoma with the

opisthosoma. The central line and the groove between the third and fourth segments are slightly

indicated with yellow. Legs olive-brown, not annulate.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

4, Cynorta bituberculata, sp. n. (Tab. LII. figg. 12, 124, 3.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g & 2,5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv.,

3, 5 millim,

¢. Similar in general character to that of C. annulipes, but the femur of leg iv. bears no denticles towards

the apex beneath, and there are two small tubercles on the tergal third segment. The eye-tumulus, as

in the allied species, is about twice as long as broad. The legs, as in C. annulipes, are annulated with

black. Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3 dilate; ii. 10; iii. 8; iv. 8.

Q. Similar to ¢, except that the three basal segments of tarsus i. are not dilate.

Colour. Body deep ochre-brown ; legs yellow, the segments, especially the tibia and protarsi, spotted or

annulated with black. Dorsal scutum very similar to that of C. albipunctata, but there is no outlined

triangular blotch behind the eye-tumulus, and no transverse rows of yellow dots on the fourth and fifth

segment, or on the free segments.

Hab. GuaTEMALA, San Juan Chameleo, Petet, Cahabon (Sarg).

5. Cynorta longipes, sp. n. (Tab. LII. figg. 13, 13 4, ¢ .)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.) ; femur iv. 13 millim.

General characters similar to those of the other species of the genus, except that the posterior legs are very

much longer. Eye-tumulus about one-half longer than broad, with one or two minute warts. The first

segment of the dorsal scutum bears a pair of very minute, widely separate, pale warts, the third a pair

of more conspicuous and less widely separate warts. The whole body is smooth, except that the four

free opisthosomatic segments bear warts, dorsally. Tarsal segments, i. 6, the first three dilate, 1 slightly

longer than 2 and 3, which are subequal; 1.13; ili. 8; iv. 8. Legs very slender, with scattered very

minute warts; iii. and ivy. not much more robust than i. and ii, Femur iv. with a row of minute

denticles on each side beneath in the apical eighth section.

Colour. Body olive-brown, the central line and the segments of the dorsal scutum indicated by yellow outlines

and lateral reticulations. The free segments with a row of yellow spots on each, above. Legs paie

yellow-brown, not annulated.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

558 OPILIONES.

6. Cynorta longispina, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 14, 14a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.) ; femur iv. 7 millim.

(Jeneral characters similar to those of the allied species. The spines on segment 3 of the dorsal scutum are,

comparatively speaking, very long, while segment 1 has a pair of white warts. Femur iv. armed only

with rows of spicules or cusps, more noticeable towards the apex and on the underside. Tarsal segments,

i. 6, 2 and 3 dilate; ii. 12?; ii. 8; iv. 9.

Colour. Body and legs ochre-brown, the latter faintly annulate with darker brown. The dorsal scutum is

richly reticulated with yellow (see Plate), the free segments, however, being plain, without yellow

spots.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

7. Cynorta dentipes, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 15, 15 a,b, 3.)

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 9,5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv.,

3, 5°75 millim.

General characters similar to those of C. longipes, except that the legs are much shorter. The eye-tumulus

is about one-half longer than broad ; and segment 3 of the dorsal scutum bears a pair of stout coniform

spines. The body is smooth, except the dorsal aspect of the free segments, which, as usual, bear

tubercles. The legs are moderately slender, the femora of all, and tibie of iii. and iv., bearing minute

cusps. Femur iv., which is slender, bears two small denticles at the apex beneath, and a conspicuous

larger denticle on the inner side towards the apex, its point directed backwards towards the base of the

segment. Trochanter iv. bears a stout spur on the inner apical margin. Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3

dilate, 1 being slightly longer, 2 and 3 subequal; ii. 12; iii. 8; iv. 9.

Colour. Body orange-ochre, with sooty-black mottlings, the underside being chiefly black. The dorsal scutum

is covered with minute yellow spots, chiefly on the margins, while the segments are delicately outlined

with small yellow spots. The legs are yellow with black annulations, most noticeable on femur iv. and

on the tibie and protarsi of all the legs.

°. Similar to the ¢, but with the tarsal segments of leg i. not dilated, and the denticles on femur iv.

absent.

Hab. GUATEMALA, Quirigua (Sarg) ; Costa Rica (Sarg).

8. Cynorta annulipes, sp.n. (Tab. LIL. figg. 16, 16a, 4, 3.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g¢ & 9, 5 millim. (excl. mand.) ; femur iv.

3, 6 millim. :

3. Similar in general character to that of CO. albipunctata, but with the legs yellow, very distinctly annulated

with black, and femur iv. with 3 or 4 conspicuous separate denticles in the apical fourth beneath. There

are no spines or tubercles on the tergal third segment. Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3 dilate; ii. 12-13:

iii. 8; iv. 9.

?. Similar to the g, except that the denticles beneath femur iv. are absent, and the first 3 segments of

tarsus i. are not dilate.

Colour. Body reddish-ochre ; legs yellow, all the segments, except the tarsi, spotted and annulated with black.

Dorsal scutum with an outlined scallop-pattern, and an enclosed triangular space behind the eye-tumulus

very similar to that of C. albipunctata, but much less pronounced, and the transverse rows of spots are

entirely absent, as well as those on the disc of the dorsal scutum.

Hab, Guatemaua, Cahabon (Sarg).

CYNORTA.—ERGINUS. 509

9. Cynorta conigera, sp.n. (Tab. LIL. fig. 17, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.); protarsus ii. 14 millim. ;

femora, ii. 10°5, iv. 10 millim.

General characters similar to those of C. longipes. The third segment of the dorsal scutum bears a pair of

very stout coniform spines, the bases of the cones themselves bearing spicules. Tarsal segments, i. 6;

i. 14; iii. 10; iv. 12.

Colour. Legs slive-brown, annulated with yellow; the annulation being most noticeable on the femora and

protarsi. Dorsal scutum with a broad reticulated band of greenish yellow, the groove marking the

junction of the prosoma and opisthosoma being also marked with yellow.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarg).

ERGINUS, Simon.

Erginus, EK. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. 200 (1879).

Type £. deville’, Simon (the first species described). Ecuador.

So far as one can judge from the descriptions of the various species included by

Simon under Erginus, they are congeneric with the forms now added. The number

_ of segments in tarsus i. agree, and the third and fourth pairs of legs are distinctly

stouter than the first and second. The eye-tumulus, seen transversely, in Erginus is

at least twice, often three times, as long as its breadth ; in Cynorta it is not more than

one-third longer.

The species, evidently very numerous in Central and South America, which occur

in the collection before me may be recognized as follows :—

Males.

A. Tarsus iii. with 7 segments.

a. aeaue iv. with 7 or 8 segments.

" Tarsus iv. with 8 segments. | |

a. Patella and tibia iv. (but not the femora) armed marginally

with specialized denticles.

a’, Tibia iv. not more than one-fourth longer than patella iv.,

and much dilated. . . . . .. . - . . « . Clavo-tibialis, sp. nu.

b°. Tibia iv. at least twice as long as patella iv., scarcely

dilated.

a‘. Tibia iv. armed on both sides, from the base almost to

the apex, with 12-16 long, basally coalescent denticles. serrato-tibialis, sp. n.

b*. Tibia iv. armed, on the inner side only, with a double

series of short separate denticles . . . . . . . cylindro-tibialis, sp. n.

b’. Femur iv. (but not the tibia or patella) armed with specialized

denticles or minute tubercles.

a’. Femur iv. armed, or studded, with more or less regular

series of tubercles, but without rows of denticles . . . arcuatus, sp. n.

560 OPILIONES.

6°. Femur iv. armed with one or more series of specialized

denticles.

a’. The series of denticles extending to the base of

femur iv.

a’. Femur iv. armed with an inner inferior series of about

10-15 short denticles, which are not longer than the

width of the segment, and also with an external

series of 4 short denticles in the apical third or of

12 short denticles in the basal two thirds. Size

smaller, length 5 millim.

a’. The inferior series of denticles sinuous. The ex-

ternal series of about 12 denticles occupying the

basal two thirds . .. . . soe

6°. The inferior series of denticles straight. “The ex-

ternal series of 4 denticles occupying the apical

third . ee .

6". Femur iv. armed with an outer inferior series of

about 14 short coalescent denticles, which are not

longer than the width of the segment, and also

with a short inner inferior series of 5 separate

denticles on the basal third. Size larger, length

7 moillim. .

b°. The series of denticles confined - to ‘the apical “half ;

two series of 10-11

b. Tarsus iv. with 9 segments . .

B. Tarsus ui. with 8 segments.

a’. Tarsus iv. with 8 segments. Femur iv. with a dorsal series, but

without an external lateral series of denticles. The inferior

series straight . . . . . . . .

6°. Tarsus iv. with 9 segments.

a’, Eyes nearer together; eye-tumulus not more than one-third

longer, transversely, than broad. Femur iv. with a series of

very fine denticles on each side in the apical third (or half)

6°, Eyes wider apart; eye-tumulus at least twice, often three times,

longer, transversely, than broad. Femur iv. with one or more

series of long denticles, not confined to the apical third.

. Femur iv. with three series of long denticles confined to the

middle of the segment . Le . .

6". Femur iv. with one or more series of long denticles not

confined to the middle of the segment.

a’, Femur iv. with a single inferior series of long denticles,

and a dorsal irregular series of blunt tubercles .

bY’, Femur iv. with two or three series of long denticles, the

dorsal series also consisting of denticles.

SINUOSUS, Sp. D.

simplicipes, sp. n.

subserialis, sp. n.

cristatus, sp. 0.

Cr ASSESCENS, SP. Ni.

serratipes, sp. 0.

triangularis, sp. 0.

tricristatus, sp. n.

clavipes, sp. n.

ERGINUS.

a. Femur iv. with two series, a dorsal and an inferior, of

comparatively short denticles. No external basal series.

a. The inferior series of denticles on femur iv. subequal

in length throughout; the basal denticle erect and

set out of the plane of the rest of the series .

6“. The inferior series of denticles on femur iv. becoming

much longer from the middle towards the apex ; the

basal denticle quite small and normally situated

6°. Femur iv. with three series of very long denticles, those

of the inferior series as long as three times the width

of the segment ; also with a short external basal series

of four long denticles

Females.

A. Tarsus iil. with 7 segments.

a. Third segment of dorsal scutum with a pair of rudimentary

tubercles only. Coxa iv. with a double tubercle at its base,

just behind the trochanter iii. Size much longer, length

QOmillim. 2. 5 6 6 we te es

b. Third segment of dorsal scutum with a pair of sharp spines.

Coxa iv. without tubercles as above. Size much smaller, length

5 millim.

a, Femur iv. longer (5 millim.), and scarcely arcuate in the basal

half 2. 1 1 we ee ew we ee ee

b:. Femur iv. shorter (4 millim.), more strongly arcuate in the

basal half .

B. Tarsus iii. with 8 segments.

a’, Tarsus iv. with 8 segments

&*. Tarsus iv. with 9 segments.

a’. Size much larger, length 9 millim. Third segment of dorsal

scutum entirely devoid of spines or tubercles. Femur iv.

arcuate in the basal half . . . . 2. 2 ew ee :

B®. Size much smaller, length 5 millim. Third segment of dorsal

scutum with a pair of long stout spines. Femur iv. straight

throughout . . . - - + + 6 6 ee

1. Erginus serratifer, sp.n. (Tab. LII. fig. 18, ¢ .)

erectispinus, sp. 0.

rectus, Sp. I.

pectinigerus, sp. 0.

serrato-tibialis.

simplicipes.

sinuosus.

serratipes.

pectinigerus.

erectispinus.

Type, , in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 3°25 millim.

561

é.

General characters similar to those of Z. pectinigerus. The two spines on the tergal third segment are.

short. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii, 13; iii. 7; iv. 7. Trochanters iii. and iv. and coxa iv. with an

apical tooth. Basal segment of mandible granulose and in other respects similar to that of E. erecti-

spinus.. Femur iv. with an internal inferior series of 18 long denticles, basally coalescent, the longest

more than twice the width of the segment, extending from the base, but not quite reaching the apex,

and an external, dorsal, basal series of 5 or 6 shorter denticles occupying the basal third, besides two

inferior series of small tubercles extending from the base, but not quite reaching the apex, those of the

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Opil., Vol. IL, January 1905. 4 of

562 OPILIONES.

inner row being the larger; also a few scattered tubercles on the apical dorsal half. Tibi iii. with a

row of denticles beneath ; iv. with a series of minute setigerous tubercles.

Colour. Body and legs entirely dull olive-brown, unicolorous.

Hab. Guatemata, Coban, Cubilguitz (Sarg).

2. Erginus clavo-tibialis, sp.n. (Tab. LIL. figg. 19, 19a, 4, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. and patella+

tibia iv. 4 millim.

3. Similar in general characters to E. serrato-tibialis, but without tubercles at the base of coxa iv.; a spur

present on trochanter iv. Femur iv. with rows of tubercles, but without denticles. Patella iv. dilate,

with tubercles and three longer tuberculiform denticles on the inner dorsal side. ‘Tibia iv. very short,

only slightly longer than patella iv., very much dilate on each side, with 5 conspicuous denticles on

the outer side towards the base and 5 on the inner side towards the apex ; with also a central dorsal

series of 6 or 7 tubercles, besides others indefinitely arranged; beneath are two rows of tubercles.

Protarsus iv. bearing a series of minute separate denticles on the inner side, extending throughout its

entire length.

Colour. Body and legs reddish-ochre-brown, the protarsi and tarsi paler. Dorsal scutum and free segments

entirely dotted over with scattered yellow spots, the third segment being outlined posteriorly with a fine

yellow line. The lateral margins of the prosoma and dorsal scutum are marked with irregular filigreed

spots of yellow.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Sarg).

3. Erginus serrato-tibialis. sp. n. (Tab. LII. figg. 20, 20a, ¢.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g & 9, 9 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv.

5:25, patella+tibia iv. 5°5 millim.

¢. Similar in general characters to EL. pectinigerus. The two spines on the tergal third segment are short.

Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 9 or 10; iii. 7; iv. 8. Basal segment of mandible with marginal warts.

Femur iv. with several series of minute tubercles, but without denticles. Patella iv. with an inner

dorsal series of three longer and two shorter denticles, besides numerous small tubercles above. Tibia iv.

with 16 basally coalescent subequal denticles on the outer side and 13 on the inner, the longest being

about the width of the segment, and the apical denticle of the inner series being separate and recurved ;

besides a dorsal and an inner-dorsal series of tubercles, those of the first series being longer at the

base and gradually diminishing in size until they become obsolete towards the apex. Protarsus iv.

without small separate denticles on the inner side. Coxa iv. with a pair of tubercles at its base close to

trochanter ill.

>. Similar in structure and colour to the ¢,, except in the development of the tibia and patella iv.

Colour. Body and legs very similar to those of the preceding species, except that the upperside is much

darker, and the underside by comparison paler. The yellow filigreed blotches and dots are more distinct

in the female, and possibly this varies very much with individuals.

Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Tikal, Cahabon, Cubilguitz (Sarg).

4, Erginus cylindro-tibialis, sp.n. (Tab. LIL. figg. 21, 21,8, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. and patella +

tibia iv. 5 millim.

¢. Generally similar to that of E. serrato-tibialis, but the denticulation of tibia iv. is different. There are

two rows of stout, coniform, separate, adjacent denticles on the inner side, the upper series being on the

basal half only, the denticles becoming finer and finally obsolete. Another series of warts appears on

the outer side, and the protarsus has a series of widely separate minute tubercles on the inner side.

ERGINUS. 563

Colour, Body reddish-ochre-brown, the legs paler. A broad band of filigree pattern in yellow runs round

the margins of the dorsal scutum, but the disc is almost devoid of yellow spots.

Hab. GuaremAna, Quirigua (Sarg).

5. Erginus arcuatus, sp.n. (Tab. LII. figg. 22, 22 a-c, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4 millim. (excl. mand.) ; femur iv. 4 millim.

d. General characters similar to those of H. pectinigerus, but more nearly allied to E. crassescens ;

trochanter iii. and coxa and trochanter iv. without spurs, and femur iv. not dilate towards the apex,

but basally dilate and attenuate towards the tip. ‘Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 13; iii. 7; iv. 8.

Femur iv. basally dilate, gradually attenuate towards the apex, strongly curved, sinuous; without a

series of long denticles, but with irregular rows of tubercles.

Colour. Body rich ochre-brown, the legs ochre-yellow. Prosoma and opisthosoma divided dorsally by a fine

yellow line, with a spot at each lateral terminal. Dorsal scutum with a broken central line, and the

third segment outlined posteriorly with a yellow bar.

Hab. Guatemata, Cubilguitz (Sarg).

6. Erginus sinuosus, sp. n. (Tab. LII. figg. 23, 234, 3.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & @, 5 millim. (excl. mand.).

3. General characters similar to those of E. pectinigerus. The spines on the tergal third segment are

moderately long, but not so long as in FE. erectispinus. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 11-12; iii. 8; iv. 8.

Specific characters generally similar to those of the last-named species, except those of femuriv. The

latter with an inferior internal sinuous series of 16 denticles, about as long as the width of the segment,

those of the whole series being subequal in length, basally coalescent, the apical 3 or 4, however, some-

times separate, extending from the base to near the apex of the segment; with also an external series

of 14-15 short dentiform tubercles, extending from the base to the apical third of the segment, and a

basal dorsal series of 5 or more low separate tubercles.

Colour. Body olive-ochre-brown, the legs paler. Prosoma margined laterally, but not posteriorly, with

yellow. Dorsal scutum with a few marginal yellow lines and some central dots; the posterior margin

of the first segment indicated by a fine line on each side, broken in the middle, the second segment by a

few yellow dots on each side, the third by a fine curved line on each side ; the posterior margins of the

fourth and fifth barely indicated in yellow.

Q. Similar to the ¢ in structure and colour, except that femur iv. is simple, without denticles.

Hab. Guatemata, Tamahu (Sarg).

7. Erginus simplicipes, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 1, 1 a-c, 3.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 2, 5 millim. (excl. mand.).

g. General characters similar to those of H. pectinigerus. The spines on the tergal third are moderately

long, but not so long as in #&. erectispinus. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 13; ili. 7; iv. 8. Specific

characters generally similar to those of the last-named species, except those furnished by femora iv.

The latter uniformly cylindrical throughout, with an internal inferior slightly sinuous series of 10-11

separate denticles, not basally coalescent, subequal in length, about as long as the diameter of the

segment, extending along the basal two-thirds ; also an inferior apical series of 4 denticles, being

the apical tubercles of a series lying adjacent to the above-mentioned series, and a dorsal series of

numerous tubercles, besides two other rows of tubercles.

Colour. Body dull olive-green, the posterior legs paler. Prosoma limited posteriorly by a fine semicircular

yellow line. First segment of dorsal scutum having on its disc a short céntral line and a dot on each

side, its posterior margin outlined laterally with yellow. Second segment with a short central line and

4 of 2

564 OPILIONES.

a dot on each side on its disc, but not posteriorly margined. Third segment with a central line between

the cusps, margined posteriorly with yellow.

9. Similar in structure and colour to the dg, but with femur iv. simple, neither dilate nor tuberculate.

Hab. Guatemata, Chicoyoito, Cubilguitz (Sarg).

8. Erginus subserialis, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 2, 2a, b, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 4:25 millim.

General characters as in E. pectinigerus and E. sinuosus. Eye-tumulus without tubercles, Spines on the

third tergal segment represented by a pair of warts. Tarsal segments, i. 6, the three basals not dilate ;

ii. 9; iii. 7; iv. 8. Basal segment of mandible with few external marginal warts; apical segment

moderately well-developed. Femur of palpus with a dorsal series of small denticles in the basal

two-thirds, and an inferior marginal series as usual in the genus. Segment 5 of the dorsal scutum with

a median posterior marginal row of three, the four free segments with median rows of four to six

tubercles. Femur iv. short, basally dilate, slightly curved outwards at the base, with three dorsal, as

well as an external, series of warts, and an inferior slightly sinuous series of fourteen short (none as long

as the diameter of the segment) partially coalescent denticles extending from near the base almost to the

apex ; with also a short inferior internal series of five, one short and four longer, denticles, forming a

short group at the base lying on the inner side of the longer series. Tibia iv. bearing six longitudinal

series of warts, and leg iii. also covered with small warts; femur ili. with an inferior series of short

denticles.

Colour. Body ochre-olive-brown, the legs paler. Prosoma and dorsal scutum margined with a filigreed band

in yellow. Disc of the latter dotted with yellow: third, fourth, and fifth segments margined posteriorly

with yellow. The four free segments also picked out with yellow, transversely.

Hab. Guatemata, Tecpan (Stod/).

9. Erginus cristatus, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 3, 3a, 6, 3.)

Type, 3d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 4°75 millim.

3. Similar in general character to EH. pectinigerus. The spines on the tergal third segment are almost

obsolete, appearing as small tubercles. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 11; iil. 7; and iv. 8. Femur iv.

with series of denticles in the apical half only, where there are two rows of 10 or 11 tuberculiform

coalescent denticles on each side beneath, and a dorsal series of 4-6 separate denticles about the middle

of the segment. ‘Tibia iv. with a row of 7 separate, short, tuberculiform denticles beneath, besides other

rows of smaller tubercles. Femur iii. without denticles. Mandibles similar to those of E. erectispinus.

Eye-tumulus quite smooth, without tubercles.

Colour. Body pale olive-green ; legs ochre-yellow, broadly banded with pale olive-green. The various grooves

marking the limits of the prosoma and opisthosomatic segments of the dorsal scutum are indicated

symmetrically on each side by yellow spots or short lines,

Hab. Guatemata, Cahabon (Sarg), Guatemala city (Stoll).

10. Erginus crassescens, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 4, 4a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.) ; femur iv. 4 millim.

g. General characters similar to those of H. pectinigerus, and specific ones approaching those of E. simplicipes.

Tarsal segments, i. 6; il. 12 or 13; iii. 7; iv. 9. Femur iv. gradually dilate towards the apex,

especially on the inner inferior side, claviform (thus differing from both E. simplicipes and E. clavipes),

having an internal inferior sinuous series of 10 long separate denticles, not basally coalescent, extending

from near the base almost to the apex, 4 and 5 being the longest, scarcely as long as the diameter of the

segment ; with an inferior apical series of 5 denticles, being the apical tubercles of a row lying adjacent

ERGINUS. 565

to the last-named series (similar in this respect to the two above-named species); with a third inferior

external row of tubercles becoming longer towards the apex; also a dorsal external and two dorsal series

of distinct separate tubercles; all these rows extending from the base to near the apex of the femur.

Trochanter iii. has a longer apical spur than in allied forms, being absent in E. arcuatus.

Colour. Body very pale grey-olive-green ; legs, especially the posteriors, paler. The dorsal scutum is entirely

devoid of yellow spots and lines, except that the central posterior margin of the third segment is outlined

in yellow, and is sometimes continued to the extreme margin of the body.

Hab. Guatemaa, Cahabon (Sarg).

11. Erginus serratipes, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 5, 5a, 3.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ & 9, 6 millim. (excl. mand.).

od. General characters similar to those of H. pectinigerus. Tarsal segments, i. 6; 11. 13; ili. 8; iv. 8.

Mandible: basal segment granulose ; movable digit about half the length of the dilate apical segment,

with a large basal tooth and a finely serrate inconspicuous carina apically ; fixed digit with a stout

triangular tooth in the apical half.

Legs similar to those of E. pectinigerus, except that femur iv. is quite differently denticled (the character

of these denticles being characteristic of the various species). Femur iv. with an internal serratiform

series of 15 denticles, basally coalescent and as long as the diameter of the segment, and with one or

two separate apical denticles, the series occupying nearly the whole length of the femur; also a dorsal

series of 11 shorter denticles, less than the diameter of the segment, and not basally coalescent (or

sometimes one or two pairs); the external side is furnished with rows of tubercles, one series nearer the

dorsal ridge being larger, dentiform ; there is no inferior external series of denticles.

Colour. Body and legs pale olive-grey. Prosoma limited posteriorly by a central semicircular yellow line,

with also a lateral spot on each side. The dorsal scutum has a broken central line, while the segments

1-4 are outlined laterally with curved yellow lines, forming a broken scallop-pattern, similar to, but less

distinct than, that of Z. pectinigerus. The scallop limiting the third segment laterally is connected with

the body-margin by a short yellow line.

Q. Similar to the ¢, except that femur iv. is simple.

Hab. Guatemana, Tikal (Sarg).

12. Erginus triangularis, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 6, 6a, 6, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 7°25 millim.

General characters as in the allied forms, but the chief difference lies in the fact that the widest part of the

dorsal scutum lies behind the middle, whereas in all the others here described it lies in front of the middle

transverse line drawn across the opisthosomatic area of the fused segments. Eye-tumulus without

warts ; eyes much closer together ; tumulus not twice, about one-third, longer than broad. Tarsal segments,

i. 6, the three basals very slightly dilate; ii? (absent); ili. 8; iv. 9. Legs generally similar to those of

the other species described.

Femur iv. long, basally slender, apically dilate, with several rows of cusp-like warts, a more conspicuous

series lying on the inner apical dorsal line ; and a long series of minute warts on the inferior internal

margin, with another on the apical half of the inferior external margin, consisting of stout, very

closely situated denticles, their bases being broad and set transversely.

Colour. Body ochre-brown ; legs pale olive-grey. The whole dorsal area, including the: prosoma, is widely

with a filigreed band of yellow. Segments 1, 2, and 3 are limited by indistinct marginal

margined

1 and 2 have each a pair of yellow dots on each side on the disc. The free segments are not

scallops ;

marked with yellow.

Hab. Guatemata, Tecpan (Stol/).

566 OPILIONES.

13. Erginus tricristatus, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 7, 7 a-c, ¢ .)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin, Total length 6 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 5 millim.

General characters similar to those of E. pectinigerus. Eye-tumulus with a crest of minute tubercles on each

side above the eye. Spines on the third tergal segment moderately long, about as long as the space

separating them at their base. Tarsal segments, i. 6, the three basals slightly enlarged ; ii. ? (missing) ;

iii. 8; iv. 9. Legs similar to those of the above-named species, except that the warts beneath femora i.

and ii, are more minute, much shorter beneath femur iii., and very minute beneath tibia iii.

Femur iv. with a median dorsal series of 10 or 11 long (longer than the diameter of the segment), basally

coalescent, apically free, denticles, their apices strongly and abruptly recurved; with an external inferior

median series of longer, separate, slightly recurved denticles, the distal denticle more remote; and an

internal inferior median series of 8 long separate (sometimes a few coalescent) denticles, the distal 4 or 5

recurved, the basal three straighter, apically divergent, numbers 2 and 3 being much longer than the

rest. Doubtless these details vary in different individuals.

Colour. Body ochre-brown; legs paler, protarsi annulated with faint, narrow, paler bands. Prosoma with a

large marginal blotch of filigreed yellow, extending on to the dorsal scutum, breaking off about the

middle, with a fine extreme marginal yellow line. The dorsal scutum has a dotted blotch in the middle,

while the third segment is margined posteriorly with a filigreed band.

Hab. Guatemata, Tecpan (Stoll).

14. Erginus clavipes, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 8, 84, 3.)

Type, ¢, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.).

General characters similar to those of EZ. pectinigerus, but otherwise nearly allied to EZ. simplicipes. Tarsal

segments, i. 6; ii. 18; iii. 8; iv. 9. Femur iv. basaily dilate, apically with an internal attenuate,

inferior, slightly sinuous series of 10-12 separate denticles, not basally coalescent, subequal in length,

about as long as the diameter of the segment, extending along the basal two-thirds; also an inferior

apical series of 5 denticles, being the apical tubercles of a row lying adjacent to the first-named series.

There are also two external inferior rows of small tubercles, and an irregular dorsal double series of

denticles, more numerous and longer than in E. simplicipes.

Colour. Body unicolorous dull olive-brown ; legs paler, femur iv. reddish-ochre.

Hab. Guatemata, Cubilguitz (Sarg).

15. Erginus erectispinus, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 9, 9a, b, 3.)

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll, Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 6, 9 5 millim. (excl. mand.).

3. General characters similar to those of E. pectinigerus, except that the tubercles over the eyes are more

conspicuous. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 11; iii. 8; iv. 9. Mandible: basal segment almost entirely

smooth, without tubercles ; movable digit about three-fourths the length of the dilate basal portion, with

a large basal tooth and an apical serrate carina; fixed digit with an apical serrate carina. The spines

on the tergal third segment are much longer than in the allied species.

Legs similar to those of EH. pectinigerus and E. serratipes, but with the armature of femur iv. different. The

latter with an inner inferior series of 11 or 12 short denticles, the longest scarcely equalling the diameter

of the segment; graduated in length, the central 6 being the longer, the series occupying a space just

below the middle of the segment, separate, not basally coalescent. There is no dorsal series of denticles,

small granules only being present. The external inferior series consists of about 21 denticles, nearly all

more or less coalescent basally ; the longest slightly more than the diameter of the segment; the basal

denticle longer, conspicuously deflected upwards out of the plane of the rest of the series; the whole

series extending from near the base almost to the apex of the segment.

Colour. Body umber-brown ; legs pale reddish-ochre. The prosoma has a yellow filigreed marginal band,

continuing in the form of scallops, limiting laterally segments 1, 2, and 3 of the dorsal -scutum and the

ERGINUS. | 567

latter posteriorly also. A short yellow line runs from the third scallop to the margin, while segments 4

and 5 are indicated by yellow lines. :

2. Similar to the g in structure and colour, except that the basal segments of tarsus i. are not at all

enlarged, and femur iv. is simple, not armed with denticles.

Hab. GuatTEMALA, Petet (Sarg).

16. Erginus rectus, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 10, 10a, ¢.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim. (excl. mand.).

¢@. General characters similar to those of H. pectinigerus. The spines on the tergal third segment are very

short. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 13; iii. 8; iv. 9. Mandible: basal segment granulose, the movable

digit being similar in length and in the character of its denticulation to that of Z. erectispinus.

Legs also generally similar to those of the allied species, tibia and femur iii. being furnished with dentiform

tubercles, tibia iv. with simple tubercles. Femur iv. with an internal inferior straight (not sinuous)

series of 16 denticles (9 and 10 being the longest, one-third longer than the diameter of the segment),

the basal denticles separate, the apical more or less basally coalescent, occupying the whole length of the

segment; with also a dorsal series of eight short separate denticles, 4 and 5 being the longest, occupying

the basal two-thirds, and a ventral row of small tubercles. Tibia and femur iii. bear an inferior series

of dentiform tubercles, and tibia iv. is furnished with rows of tubercles of the same character.

Colour. Body pale ochre-brown ; legs paler. Posterior and lateral margins of the prosoma, and the lateral

margins of segments 1, 2, 3, 4 of the dorsal scutum, outlined with yellow; segment 5 with a short line

on each side on its disc; a short yellow line runs also from the third scallop to the extreme lateral

margin.

Hab. Guatemata, Petet, San Juan Chamelco (Sarg).

17. Erginus pectinigerus, sp. n. (Tab. LILI. figg. 11, lla, 4, ¢.)

Type 3, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, d & 9, 9 millim. (excel. mand.); femur iv.

5 millim.

3. General characters similar to those of Pacilema rastellifera. Eye-tumulus with a crest of very minute

tubercles on each side above the eye. Spines on the third tergal segment variable in length, in some

examples merely tubercles. Tarsal segments, i. 6, the basal three slightly dilate; ii. 13; iii. 8; iv. 9.

Mandible: basal segment granulose on the outer surface; the movable digit of the distal segment is as long

as the dilate basal portion, having a long basal and four or more widely separate triangular teeth towards

the apex ; the fixed digit having four small teeth with several small adjacent apical cusps. Legs similar

in general character to those of Pacilema rastellifera, except that trochanter iv. has a small bifid spur,

not strongly curved as in that species ; and the denticles in the inferior series on femur iii. are longer in

proportion.

Femur iv. with an inner inferior serratiform series of from 14-18 very long, curved, scimitar-like denticles

‘nearly three times as long as its diameter, basally coalescent, usually free apically, often coalescent in

groups, the apical denticle strongly curved towards the patella; with a dorsal series of 8-9 curved

separate denticles in the basal two-thirds of the segment, about as long as the diameter of the segment,

not basally coalescent ; also an external inferior series of 3 long and 1 very short separate denticles in

the basal third.

Colour. Body rich olive-green, blended with reddish-ochre ; legs yellow-ochre. The prosoma and segments

1, 2, 3 of the dorsal scutum margined laterally with yellow scallops ; the latter also with an indistinct,

broken, central yellow line; segments 4 and 5 also indicated with yellow, the latter by a short yellow

line on each side on its disc.

Q. Similar to the g in structure and colour, except that the basal segments of tarsus i. are in no way dilate,

and femur iv. is simple, without denticles.

Hab. GuaTemaLa, Guatemala city, Tactic, Cunen, Cahabon (Sarg).

568 OPILIONES.

METERGINUS, gen. nov.

Type M. basalis, sp.n. Guatemala.

So far as the species described below are concerned, there is no great difference

between them and those referred to Erginus, except that the number of segments in

tarsus i. is seven. The type-species and M. tibialis are, however, very different in

general appearance, the legs being much longer, a character which is shared also by

the female of the type. Otherwise the body, palpi, mandibles, and eye-tumulus are

very similar. There is in both these forms a pair of small tubercles on the first

segment of the dorsal scutum, as well as spines on the third.

The species in the collection referred to this genus may be recognized thus :—

Males.

A. Femur iv. at least twice as long as, and femur ii. one-half longer than, the

body.

a. Femur iv. with a short double series of dentiform tubercles at the base on

the inner side. Tarsus iv. with 10 segments. Tibiaiv. plam . . . . basalis, sp. n.

b. Femur iv. without a double series of dentiform tubercles at the base ; but

with a series of more conspicuous tubercles in the apical third beneath.

Tarsus iv. with 1] segments. Tibia iv. with aseries of dentiform tubercles

beneath. 2. 1 1 ew ee ee . oe ew ew ww ee.) btbtahs, sp. n.

B. Femur iv. and femur ii. not, or scarcely, longer than the body.

a’. Trochanter iv. not developed into a caliper-shaped process. Coxa iv.

normal. The first two opisthosomatic ventral segments not longer than

the width between the spiracles. Tarsus iv. with 10 segments.

a*, Tarsus iii. with 8 segments. Femur iv. with a dorsal basal series of long

denticles, in addition to the inferior apical double series. Mandibles

b?. Tarsus iii. with 9 segments. Femur iv. with a dorsal basal series of

small tubercles only, but with also the inferior apical double series.

Mandibles very much enlarged . . . . . oe ee ew ee) 6Gptcalis, sp. 2.

b'. Trochanter iv. developed into a caliper-shaped holder. Coxa iv. enormously

developed. The first two opisthosomatic segments longer than the width

between the spiracles. Tarsus iv. with 9 segments. . . . . . . . forcipatus, sp. n.

Females.

A. Tarsus iv. with 10 segments. Size smaller, length 5 millim. . . . . . basalis.

B. Tarsus iv. with 9 segments. Size larger, length 75 millim. . . . . . forcipatus.

1. Meterginus basalis, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 12, 124, ¢.)

Type ¢, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g & 9,65 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv.

13 millim., ¢ & 9.

g. General characters similar to those of Erginus pectinigerus, except that the legs are much longer in

proportion ; tarsus i. with 7 segments, of which the basal four are slightly enlarged. The eye-tumulus

METERGINUS. 569

has a row of tubercles above the eyes, and there is a pair of tubercles on the first tergal segment and two

long spines on the second (this character is not, however, constant in the species in which tarsus i. has

7 segments). Femur iii. and tibia iv. are smooth, without tubercles or denticles. Tarsal segments, i. 7,

the basal four slightly enlarged ; ii. 15-16, both tibia and protarsus being segmentate and antenniform ;

ili. 9; iv. 10. The protarsi of all four pairs are scopulate on the apical third or half. Femur iv. with

an internal inferior and dorsal subsimilar series of short coalescent denticles in the basal third. Basal

segment of the mandible with tubercles.

Colour. Body rich olive-green-brown ; legs dull reddish-ochre, olive-green in the @, like the protarsi and tarsi

in the ¢. Prosoma with a narrow posterior marginal and also a broad lateral filigreed yellow marginal

blotch, extending halfway down the margin of the dorsal scutum on each side. Dorsal seutum with a

central filigreed yellow blotch, terminating in a central yellow line between the cusps on segment 3

this segment is margined posteriorly, and 4 and 5 are also picked out with yellow.

2. Similar to the ¢ in structure and colour, except that the legs are a little shorter, the basal segment of

tarsus i. is not at all enlarged, and femur iv. is simple, without the basal denticles.

Hab. Guatemata, Tamahu (Sarg).

2. Meterginus tibialis, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 13, 13a, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6-5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 12 millim.

3. General characters similar to those of M. basalis, with the four tergal tubercles, long legs, and

tubercles above the eyes. Femur iii. with a more conspicuous series of separate dentiform tubercles

beneath. Tibia iv. with numerous dentiform tubercles throughout its length beneath. Tarsal segments,

i. (broken off); ii. 15-16, both protarsus and tibia being antenniform, segmentate ; iii. (broken off) ;

iv. 11. Protarsi with from one-fourth to one-third scopulate.

Colour. Body deep purple-brown, the colour of the dorsal area similar to that of M. basalis, except that the

prosomatic blotches are more conspicuous; legs deep red-brown.

Hab. Guatemaua, Cunen (Sarg).

3. Meterginus dorsalis, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 14, 14a, 3.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5°75 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 6°5 millim.

General characters similar to those of M. apicalis (infra). Basal segment of mandibles with a few marginal

warts; apical segment much smaller than in the above-mentioned species. Tarsal segments, i. 7, the

basals not dilate; ii. 12; iii. 8; iv. 10. Spines on the tergal third segment recurved.

Femur iv. with a dorsal series of 12 or 13 short (none longer than the diameter of the segment) separate

denticles on the basal two-thirds; with also an external series of 8 separate denticles (one or two as

long as the diameter of the segment) on the apical third; also an internal series of 8-10 separate

denticles on the subapical half. The femur itself is longer than in M. apicalis, otherwise the species are

very similar.

Colour. Body and legs unicolorous yellow-ochre. Prosoma with a slight, filigreed, marginal, yellow blotch and

a short, central, posterior, yellow marginal line. Segment 3 of the dorsal scutum limited posteriorly by a

fine yellow line ; segments 4 and 5 also slightly indicated by short transverse yellow lines on each side.

Hab. Guatemata, Tecpan (Sarg).

4. Meterginus apicalis, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 15, 15a, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur iv. 5°75 millim.

3. General characters similar to those of Erginus pectinigerus, except that tarsus i, is furnished with

7 segments, the basals being cylindrical, not dilate, and the series of femoral denticles are in the apical

half only. Eye-tumulus with tubercles above the eyes ; tergal spines fairly long. Apical segment of

mandible very much developed ; basal segment smooth, but with a few warts on the outer side, otherwise

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Opil., Vol. IL., January 1905. Apt

570 OPILIONES.

as in Erginus erectispinus. Tarsal segments, i. 7, the basals not dilate; ii. 13 or 14; iii. 9; iv.10 or 11.

Femur iv. apically somewhat dilate, clavate, with an internal inferior series of 9 or 10 separate denticles

in the subapical half, and an external series of 6 or 7 separate denticles in the apical third. Tibia iv.

with rows of small dentiform tubercles. Femur iii. with numerous denticles beneath, longer towards the

apex. ‘Tibia iii. with a double apical series of short denticles beneath.

Colour. Body dull olive-brown ; legs yellow-ochre, femur iv. reddish-ochre, the protarsi with faint narrow

pale rings. Prosoma with a slender marginal lateral spot and a central posterior marginal line; the

latter united with a central line and a short transverse line behind the first segment of the dorsal scutum,

forming a yellow I-shaped mark. The dorsal scutum has also a single lateral marginal spot, while

segments 3, 4, and 5 are more or less picked out in yellow on their posterior margins.

Hab. Guatemaua, Cahabon (Sarg).

5. Meterginus forcipatus, sp.n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 16, 16 a-c, ¢ .)

Type ¢, gynetype @, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 9, 2 7:5 millim. (excl. mand.); femur. iv.,

3, 6:25 millim.

¢. Similar in general character to Erginus pectinigerus, except that tarsus i. has seven segments, instead of

six. The spines on the tergal third segment are very stout at their base, forming sharp-pointed cones ;

the first and second segments bear also each a pair of very minute but distinct tubercles. Tarsal segments,

i. 7, none dilate; ii. 12-14; ui. 8; iv.,8 9,9 ¢.

Legs iiii. smooth, the femora with a few setigerous tubercles. Coxe iv. very much enlarged and widely

divergent behind, bearing a stout apical spur and a pair of small tubercles at their base, close beneath

trochanter ili. Trochanter iv. has on the posterior margin on the outer side a small bifid tubercle; on

the inner side a large caliper-shaped process, formed by a shorter anterior spur and a larger posterior

hooked spur, these two meeting a pair of tubercles, one each on the external margin of the ventral

segments 4 and 5. Femur iv. is short, straight, incrassate, becoming more attenuate apically, having an

external series of 7 or 8 short, curved, separate denticles in the basal half, continued apically by a series

of diminishing tubercles ; on the infero-external side about the middle is a double series of 3 or 4 large

separate teeth, and near the apex a pair of shorter teeth; on the inner side is a series of 7 or 8 short,

stout, conical teeth, extending from near the base almost to the apex. Patella, tibia, and protarsus iv.

are covered with dentiform tubercles, a more conspicuous series lying on the inner margins of the tibia

and protarsus.

absence of denticles on femur iv. and the processes on trochanter iv. and on the free segments ; coxa iv.,

however, present, even in this sex, a small hook-like spur on the inner side, but there are no tubercles

on the margins of the ventral segments to meet them.

Colour. Body deep russet-brown, with a purplish tinge. Legs i.,, ii., iii. olive-green, the protarsi with narrow

pale rings; femur iv. black. Very little dorsal yellow pattern is visible in the ¢, but is strongly

marked in the 2. The prosoma and anterior half of the dorsal scutum bear a vivid submarginal filigreed

yellow bar. The dorsal scutum bears a large indistinct central blotch of minute yellow dots ; segments

3,4, and 5 are margined posteriorly with yellow, and the free segments also are picked out with a

transverse yellow line.

Hab. Guatemaua, Vera Paz (Sarg).

PCECILAIMA.

Pecilema, C. L. Koch, Uebersicht des Arachn. ii. p. 21 (1889).

Type P. u-flavum (Perty). Brazil.

The species here referred to this genus differs from Erginus chiefly in possessing

eight segments, instead of six, in tarsus i. The eye-tumulus is three times longer,

PCCILAMA. 571

transversely, than broad ; the first two ventral opisthosomatic segments are not longer

than the width between the spiracles. The mandibles, as in many members of the

genus Hrginus, are very much developed.

A single species only occurs in the collection, and its characters are described

below.

1. Pecilema rastellifera, sp. n. (Tab. LIII. figg. 17, 17 a, }, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 8 millim. (excl. mand.).

3. Hye-tumulus low, three times longer, transversely, than broad, plain, without warts or spines. Tergal

scutum without well-marked transverse segmental strie, but with vestigial grooves, sufficient to suggest

the original segmentation; the third segment bearing a pair of short cusps transversely situated in the

middle. Tarsi i. and ii. with one claw; iii. and iv. with two claws. Tarsal segments, i. 8, none dilate,

1 and 8 being twice as long as the rest; ii, (absent); iii. 9; iv. 11.

Coxa of palpus with along inferior apical denticle and two smaller ones ; femur dilate, compressed, excavate on

the inner side, with ten small dorsal tubercles and eight longer ventral denticles, with four other smaller

ones at the basal end of the series; patella subcylindrical, apically dilate, its inner margin carinate,

bearing a few short fine spines; tibia broad, oval-elongate, compressed, excavate beneath, bilaterally

dilate, forming a thick lamelliform plate, its margins bearing numerous short fine spines, becoming

stouter towards the apex; tarsus narrow, cylindrical, excavate beneath, marginally set with a series of

short fine spines on each side, terminating in a single stout claw, slightly more than half the length of

the segment.

Mandible: basal segment globular above, set with a short series of denticles on its lower outer margin, and a

cluster of from 16—20 tubercles on its upper outer margin, besides others on the posterior, inner, and

anterior margins. Apical segment dilate, gibbous above, the movable digit being half the total length of

segment, bearing a single, large, broad tooth towards the base ; the fixed digit bearing anteriorly a finely

serrated carina.

Legs: coxa i. with a curving row of tubercles beneath, absent from ii., iii., and iv.; coxa iv. with a short,

depressed, superior, apical marginal spur. Trochanter iii. with a small, iv. with a longer, stouter, curved,

though comparatively short, posterior apical tooth.

Femora i. and ii. with rows of fine cuspules on all sides; iii. with similar rows of larger cuspules, the apical

four or five of the infero-posterior and anterior rows being longer than the rest. Femur iv. curved,

strongly dilate on the apical half, bearing an inner series of 10 or 11 long teeth, the basal three longer

and wider apart, longer than the greatest diameter of the segment; a dorsal series of 18—20 tubercles,

forming a serratiform ridge, and an external apical serratiform series of 7-8 denticles, the distal tooth

being strongly curved towards the patella. Patelle i., ii., and iii. simple, ili. enlarged; iv. also enlarged,

apically furnished with numerous dentiform tubercles, three longer and more conspicuous on the inner

inferior margin. Tibise i. somewhat dilate ; ii. narrower; iii. enlarged, with tubercles more conspicuous ;

iv. with several series of more or less conspicuous dentiform tubercles beneath. The edges of the sternal

segments iv.—vii. set with a row of small tubercles.

Hab. Mexico, Chiapas (Sarg).

The following five genera, three of them new, are so closely allied to Hrginus, and

yet quite distinct, that it is necessary to call attention to them. ‘Their essential

characters are given in the Table, anted, p. 550. A short description of the . type-

species of each of the new genera is added :—

Apt 2

572 OPILIONES.

[RHAUCUS.

Rhaucus, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg: xxii. p. 213 (1879).

Type 2. vulneratus, Simon. Brazil.

Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1 and 2 inflated ; ii. 12; iii. and iv. 9.]

[COSMETUS.

Cosmetus, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras. p. 201 (1833).

Type (left in by elimination of species removed to other genera) C. varius, Perty. Brazil.

Tarsal segments, i. 10; ii. —?; iii. 13; iv. 15.]

[METARHAUCUS, gen. nov.

1. Metarhaucus fuscus, sp. n.

Type, ¢, in coll. Keyserling, in Mus. Brit. Total length 8 millim.

Eye-tumulus nearly three times longer, transversely, than broad, depressed in the middle, tuberculous at the

sides above the eyes. Segments 1 and 2 of the dorsal scutum indicated by two deep grooves, their discs

armed with small tubercles, that of the first with a pair of larger tubercles ; segment 3 with a pair of

large, low, tuberculous cones; segments 4 and 5 set with tubercles, the four free segments also set with

tubercles. Coxa iv. with two tuberculous bosses on the outer side. The whole body covered with minute,

widely scattered tubercles. Femur and tibia ii. armed beneath with a series of denticles ; femur iv.

studded with tubercles above and two series of denticles beneath; tibia iv. similarly armed, but not so

much developed. Tarsal segments, i. 6, 1-3 inflated; ii. 12; ii. 9; iv. 10.

Hab. Couomsia. |

[NEORHAUCUS, gen. nov.

1. Neorhaucus aurolineatus, sp. n.

Type, ¢, in coll. Keyserling. in Mus. Brit. Total length 12 millim.

Very similar in general structure to Metarhaucus fuscus, but with the pair of tubercles on segment 3 of the

dorsal scutum much smaller; there is also a pair of small central tubercles on segments 1 and 2. The

five segments of the dorsal scutum are divided by transverse orange-coloured grooves, with also a similar

groove separating the prosoma from the first opisthosomatic segment. The whole body is armed with

tubercles. Femora and tibie iii. and iv. similar to those of M. fuscus, except that the tubercles and

denticles are more strongly developed. Tarsal segments, i. 5, 1 and 2 inflated ; ii. 14; iii. 8; iv. 9.

Hab. CoLomsia. |

[PARARHAUCUS, gen. nov.

1. Pararhaucus obscurus, sp. n.

Type, d, incoll. Keyserling, in Mus. Brit. Total length 7 millim.

Similar in general structure and appearance to Metarhaucus fuscus and Neorhaucus aurolineatus, the opistho-

somatic dorsal segments being also divided by five yellow transverse grooves. Femora and tibia iii.

and iv. also similar, but the tubercles and denticles are less developed. Tarsal segments, i. 7, 1-4

inflated; ii. 18; iii. 9; iv. 9.

Hab. CoLomsia. |

HERNANDARIOIDES. 573

Fam. GONOLEPTIDA.

Gonoleptide, Sundevall, Consp. Arachn. p. 34 (1833).

No sterno-coxal lobe on leg ii. Palpi in many genera very long, in others shorter even than the body, the

femur and patella not compressed, more or less cylindrical, and usually unarmed ; tibia and tarsi enlarged,

but not lamelliform as in the Cosmetide, with usually a marginal row of strong spines, each springing

from an enlarged basal portion, but not biarticulate in the true sense; terminal claw usually as long as

or longer than the tarsus itself. Spiracles exposed. Second and third opisthosomatic somites fused

together, without visible suture. Scutum with usually two or more transverse segmentary striz. Coxa iv.

very much enlarged. Eye-tumulus with one or two coniform spines or stouter coniform horns. Legs iii.

and iv. much larger than those of i. and ii., especially in the g, in which sex femur iv., and often the

patella and tibia, is armed with stout spines and processes. Tarsal claws of i. and ii. 1; of iii. and iv. 2,

the latter with an interbasal process.

The genera known to me may be recognized as follows. They include a few not

represented in the collection :—

GENERA.

A. Eye-tumulus with two spiniform cones between the eyes.

a. Dorsal scutum with four transverse grooves . . . . . + [Gonoxeprss, Kirby.]

b. Dorsal scutum with two transverse grooves—one behind the

prosomatic region, the other between segments 4 and 5.

a. Dorsal scutum with several median pairs of tubercles . . [Hurnanparzia, Sorens. |

6’. Dorsal scutum without median pairs of tubercles. . . . HERNANDARIOIDES, gen. nov.

B. Eye-tumulus with a single long spiniform cone between the eyes.

a’, Segment 5 of dorsal scutum without tuberculiform cones. . [Pacuytus, C. L. Koch. |

b>. Segment 5 of the dorsal scutum with a median pair of tuber-

culiform cones.

a’. Segment 5 only (segment 4 of Loman) with a median pair

ofcones. . . . . . se ee ee se ee +) 6[GeNbEs, Sérens.]

b°. Segments 2, 3, 4, 5 each with a median pair of tuberculi-

HERNANDARIOIDES, gen. nov.

Type H. plana, sp.n. Panama.

Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. —; ili. 6; iv. 6. Eye-tumulus with a pair of small spiniform conical eminences.

Scutum with two transverse grooves only, the first behind the prosomatic scutum, the second between

the fourth and fifth opisthosomatic somites. The second free opisthosomatic somite bearing a single stout

spiniform cone in the middle, and a small tubercle on each side; the third somite bears three tubercles,

the central one being larger. The scutum bears a few pairs of small tubercles, but no spines. Palpi as

long as the body; femur and patella unarmed ; tibia with 4 or 5 stout bicomposite spines on each side, the

tarsus with 4—4 smaller, but similar, spines on each side. Tarsal claws of i. and ii. 1, of iii. and iv. 2,

each with an inter-basal process. Tarsal claw of palpus as long as the tarsus.

This genus, which is based upon a single species, differs from Hernandaria, according

to the diagnosis of Sérensen, in wanting the eminences on the scutum, and in the number

of the tarsal segments (5, 7-8, 6, 7),

574 OPILIONES.

1. Hernandarioides plana, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 1, 1a, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6 millim.

The general characters have been described in the generic diagnosis. Legs iii. and iv. are slightly stouter

than i. and ii., covered sparingly with minute tubercles, becoming larger and more cuspulate on iv.

Colour entirely yellowish-grey.

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion).

METAPACHYLWUS, gen. nov.

Type M. gracilis, sp. n. Mexico.

Tarsal segments, i. 5; ii. 8; iii. 5; iv. 6. Eye-tumulus with a single median, slender, sharp horn, curving

slightly forwards. Scutum with five transverse grooves; segments 2, 3, 4, 5 each with a median pair of

small tubercles, 6 (the first free segment), 7, 8 with three, and 9 with two small tubercles. Palpi

scarcely as long as the body; femur with two basal spines; tibia and tarsus with a pair of spines on

each side. Tarsal claw of palpus about half as long as the tarsus. Legs slender, 4, 2, 3, 1, subsimilar,

those of the fourth pair much the longest, more than twice as long as the second pair. Coxa iv. only

slightly enlarged. Tarsal claws of iii. and iv. with an inter-basal process.

A single species only of this genus occurs in the collection.

1. Metapachylus gracilis, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 2, 2 a-d, .)

Type (2 ?) in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 2:5 millim.

The body of this small Opilione is subglobular and of a golden-brown hue, the palpi and mandibles being

pale yellow. Legs unarmed. Other characters will be found under the generic diagnosis.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

One specimen.

Fam. ASSAMIOIDA.

Assamioide, Sérensen, Nat. Tidssk. xiv. p. 595 (1884).

No sterno-coxal lobe on leg ii. Palpi variable, very similar to those of the Gonoleptide, but short and very -

stout; the tibia and tarsus fringed with sete or stout spines having an enlarged base. Spiracles

conspicuous. Seutum with five deep transverse stri# (Sdrensen gives one only). Terminal claws of

tarsi iii. and iv. without interbasal process. Eye-tumulus much developed, forming a large conical horn,

with an eye on each side close to its base. Segments of tarsi i. from three to six. Coxa iv. only slightly

larger than the rest.

The species here included in this family are nearly allied to Mitraceras and Conomma,

but they differ sufficiently from these, as characterized by Loman, and from each other,

to merit inclusion in two separate genera. For the sake of comparison, the essential

characters of Loman’s two genera are included in the table :—

GENERA.

A. Segments of tarsus i. 8. Eye-tumulus curving forwards.

a, Terminal tarsal claw of palpus as long as the tarsus . . . . [Mrrraceras, Loman. |

6. Terminal tarsal claw of palpus half as long as the tarsus. . . PaRAMITRACERAS, gen. nov.

PARAMITRACERAS. | 579

B. Segments of tarsus i. 4 or 6. Eye-tumulus erect, not curving

forwards.

a’. Tarsal segments, i. 4, ii. 11, iii. 5, iv. 6. Terminal claw of

palpus half as long as the tarsus. . . . . . . =. . +. ([Conomma, Loman. |

6‘. Tarsal segments, i. 6, ii. 10 or 11, iii. 7, iv. 7. Terminal claw

of palpus as long as the tarsus. . . . . . . «. . . +. MeraconomMa, gen. nov.

PARAMITRACERAS, gen. nov.

Type P. granulatus, sp. n. Guatemala.

Eye-tumulus forming a sharp conical horn, curving forwards, the eyes situated one at the base on each side.

Tarsal segments, 1.3; ii.4; iii.5; iv.5. Legs iii. and iv. without terminal inter-basal process between

the tarsal claws. Scutum with five deep transverse grooves. Legs short. Palpi stout, not longer than the

body; terminal claw half as long as the tarsus; tarsus twice as long as the patella.

Two species only occur in the collection, and they may be separated by the following

characters :-—

SPECIES.

A. Body and legs less granulose, sete shorter. Eye-tumulus less hispid.

Mandibles more developed; movable digit strongly geniculate. Tarsus

of palpus with marginal setiform spines; tibia with a large outer apical

spur and an inner apical bifid spur. Size larger, length 7 millim. . . . granulatus, sp. nu,

B. Body and legs much more granulose, setz longer. Hye-tumulus more

hispid. Mandibles less developed ; movable digit not geniculate. Tarsus

of palpus with a few marginal set ; tibia square, with a short denticle at

each anterior angle and another on the outer posterior angle. Size

1. Paramitraceras granulatus, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 3, 3a, 6, 3.)

Type, 3, incoll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

dg. Tarsal segments, i.3; ii. 4; iii. 5; iv.5. A single terminal claw on i, and ii.; two claws on iii. and iv.,

the latter without a process above and between them at their base. Legs iii. and iv. not stouter than

i.and ii. Legs, palpi, and integument, ventral and dorsal, covered with minute setigerous granules ; the

terminal segment of the mandibles, however, being smooth. The movable digit of the mandible is very

stout and strongly geniculate, the apical portion bent almost at a right angle to the basal portion, having

a very stout tooth near its apex. The fixed digit has a triangular tooth near the apex, falling in front of

that on the movable digit, and also a tubercle near its base on the anterior side. The basal segment is

sparsely granulose above, with two larger denticles and four smaller ones beneath. Palpi very stout ;

coxa with a large spur in front; trochanter with a short spur on the underside at the apex; femur with

a row of 6 or 7 spurs beneath and a dorsal row of smaller ones ; patella globular, granulose, as also are

the femora; tibia stout, dilate apically, with a stout apical spur on the outer side and a large bifid spur

on the inner side, the anterior branch being much the largest; tarsus broad, elongate, the inner margin

armed with fine spines ; terminal claw about half as long as the tarsus.

Eye-tumulus forming a large conical horn, bearing an eye at its base on each side, its apex sharp, directed

forwards, sparsely covered, as is also the rest of the cephalic segment, with setigerous granules. The

dorsal scutum of the opisthosoma very deeply and transversely divided by four strie (excluding that

separating the prosoma); these and the free terminal segments densely covered with setigerous granules,

Coxa iv. not much larger than the rest. The space between the spiracles is twice that between the apex

576 OPILIONES.

of the first opisthosomatic segment and the posterior margin of the third. Segments 4-7 bear a trans-

verse row of small tubercles. Patelle iii. and iv. of the legs short and globiform.

Colour. Body entirely brown, the mandibles pale yellow-brown.

Hab. Guatemata, Tecpan (Séoll).

2. Paramitraceras hispidulus, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 4, 4a-d, ¢; 5,

5a, b, 2.)

Type do, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 2, 5 millim.

g. Very similar to that of P. granulatus, but much smaller, the mandibles being not nearly s0 much developed.

The legs and body-integument, including the eye-tumulus, are densely covered with setigerous tubercles

and granules, the set being longer than in the above-mentioned species.

Tarsal segments, i. 3; ii. 4; iii. 5; iv.5. Terminal tarsal claws simple, those on iii. and iv. without an

inter-basal process. Palpi: coxa with 1, and femur with 4 or 5 small denticles beneath; patella with

a small tubercle on the inner apical angle; tibia square, with a short denticle at each anterior angle and

another on the outer posterior angle; tarsus longer than the tibia and narrower, with a few fine marginal

sete; terminal claw half the length of the tarsus. In some examples, which I take to be females, the

tibia of the palpus is simple.

9. Similar to the ¢, but the tibia of the palpus is simple, parallel-sided, without denticles. The exact form

of the conical eye-tumulus varies a little in different individuals.

Hab. GuatEMALa, Petet (Sarg).

METACONOMMA, gen. nov.

Type M. femorale, sp.n, Mexico.

Eye-tumulus forming a broad, blunt, erect cone, its apex bearing a sharp point ; the eyes situated at the base,

one on each side. Tarsal segments, i. 6; ii. 10 or 11; iii. 7; iv. 7, without terminal inter-basal process

between the tarsal claws. Scutum with five distinct, but shallow, transverse grooves. Legs short in

the ¢ ; femora iii. and iv. denticulate in the apical half. Palpi stout, not longer than the body ; tibia

and tarsus with stout spines (basally enlarged) on each side ; terminal claw as long as the tarsus; tarsus

not longer than the patella.

A single species only has been received by us from Mexico. It evidently falls very

near the genus Conomma of Loman.

1. Metaconomma femorale, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. fig. 6, 3.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 7 millim.

g. Tarsal segments, i.6; ii. 10 or 11; iii. 7; iv. 7. Terminal claws as in Paramitraceras granulatus.

Integument, legs, palpi, and mandibles smooth, not granulose. Movable digit of mandible stout, very

slightly curved, with a stout triangular tooth towards the base; fixed digit without teeth. Palpi short,

not longer than the body, very stout; coxa studded with several rather long denticles; trochanter with

a single inferior apical denticle; femur with a very long, stout, basal, spiniform denticle, and a basally

single row, and an apically divergent double row, of small denticles ; patella with a tuberculous prominence

on the inner apical margin; tibia broad, with four large bisegmentate spines on each margin; tarsus

shorter than the tibia, with three long finer spines on each margin [these spines, as in the Gonoleptide,

are modifications of setigerous denticles, in which the seta has itself become transformed into a rigid

spine]; terminal tarsal claw as long as the tarsus. Coxa of leg i. with a row of four larger and a row

of smaller denticles, besides a row of four small tubercles across the maxillary piece. Legs i. and ii. more

slender than iii. and iv., none of them being granulose. Trochanter iii. dilate, its posterior margin tuber-

culate; femur iii. with a stout, conical, basal spur, and in the apical half a row of six short partially coalescent

denticles on each side, besides a row of low tubercles on the posterior margin of the basal half.

METACONOMMA.—PALPINUS, 577

Trochanter iv. not dilate, with a spur on each anterior angle; femur iv. similar to femur iii., but with the

denticles more numerous. The space between the spiracles is about one-third longer than the width of

the first three opisthosomatic segments.

Hye-tumulus forming a very stout, broad, erect, somewhat truncate cone, its extreme apex, however, ending

in a sharp point, the eyes being situated one on each at the base. The five segmental strive of the dorsal

scutum are very distinct (but not so deep as in Paramitraceras granulatus), the outer margin of the scutum

being bordered with a row of fine closely adjacent granules; while the outer angles of each free segment

have a short row of granules; ventral segments without granules.

Colour. Body uniform brown, mandibles paler.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

Fam. PALPINIDZ, nov.

The single species comprised in the Palpinide differs so entirely in some of the most important details of its

structure from those of the allied groups of the Laniatores that one is compelled to make it the type of a

new family.

The sternal plate, though narrow and long as in other Laniatores, is broader in proportion, and is dilate

opposite the coxe of legs i., forming a diamond-shaped termination. The palpi are long, slightly longer

than the body, slender, cylindrical, unarmed, except for a small spur at the base of the trochanter ; the

tarsus is almost as long as the tibia, while the tarsal claw is dilate basally and apically produced into a

sinuous spine. The legs are short; femora ii. and iv. scarcely longer than the body, unarmed, except coxa

and trochanter iii. and iv., ii. and iv. slightly shorter than i. and iii., while the tarsal claws are one in

number on legs i. and ii., and two on iii. and iv., the latter with a white vesicle between them. ‘Tarsal

segments, i. 2, not dilate; 11.3; ili. 3; iv. 4. The eye-tumulus, similar to that in Erginus, &c., is three

times longer than broad (seen transversely). The third segment of the dorsal scutum has a pair of short

coniform spines. The free segments have a marginal row of minute tubercles; otherwise the body is

entirely smooth. The most noticeable character, however, lies in the sharp definition of three distinct

segments on the sheath of the penis: the small apical sclerite, a second, elongate, coniform plate, separated

by a fold of connective tissue from the third, a narrow transverse plate bearing the spiracles.

A single genus, based upon several specimens of a single species, occurs in the

collection.

PALPINUS, gen. nov.

Type P. levis, sp. n. Costa Rica.

The generic characters will be found under those in the diagnosis of the family.

1. Palpinus levis, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 7, 7 a-d, ¢.)

Type, 3, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim.; femur iv. 5-5 millim.

The structural characters will be found under the diagnosis of the family. Tarsal segments, i. 2; ii. 3; li. 3;

iv. 4.

Colour. Very variable, olive-brown, mottled with darker brown ; the legs olive-brown, the coxa and trochanter

sometimes paler.

Hab. Costa Rica (Sarq).

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Opil., Vol. II., January 1905. 4xt

578

OPILIONES.

The following species belonging to the Laniatores are unknown to me :—

Erginus mexicanus.

Erginus mexicanus, Banks, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. vi. p. 181 (1898) *.

Hab. Mexico}.

Cynorta mexicana.

Cynorta mexicana, Banks, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. vi. p. 181 (1898) *.

Hab. Mexico}.

Suborder PLAGIOSTETHI.

Group APAGOSTERNI.

Sternum consisting of two plates: a large, anterior, rectangular plate lying beneath the maxillary lobes of

the first pair of legs, and a narrow transverse posterior plate lying partially beneath the maxillary lobes

of the second pair of legs. Genital aperture lying behind and above this second sternal plate adjacent to

the mouth-parts. Legs usually long and slender; tarsi broken up into numerous segments, with a single

terminal claw on all four pairs of legs, simple, not pectinate. Eyes two in number, on a central tubercle.

Fam. PHALANGIIDE.

Subfam. PHALANGIINA.

A spiracle present on the tibia of all four pairs of legs. Palpi slender, tarsi much longer than the tibia and

terminating in a single claw, simple or pectinate. Maxillary lobe of second pair of legs directed inwards

and slightly forwards. Prosoma not fused, dorsally, with the opisthosoma; the nine segments of the

latter often very distinct, usually at least traceable ; five ventral segments also distinct, besides the three

segments fused to form the genital plate and another, possibly anal, suppressed. Coxal lobe of palpus

bearing two sharp spurs.

The species belonging to this subfamily occurring in our collection can be referred

to the two following genera :—

GENERA.

A. Basal segment of mandible without basal tooth or sharp spur.

No conical processes between the anterior margin of the clypeus

and the basal dorsal articulation of the mandibles. Legs, as a

rule, shorter and stouter, i. and iii. being more robust than ii.

and iv., the former of these being the most slender - . PHatanerum, Linn.

B. Basal segment of mandible with a basal tooth or sharp spur.

Space between the basal dorsal articulation of the mandibles

bearing a pair of short, blunt, adjacent. conical processes. Legs,

as a rule, very long and slender, filiform, subequal in thickness . Leiosunum, C. L. Koch.

PHALANGIUM. 579

PHALANGIUM.

Phalangium, Linneus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 618 (1758).

Type P. opilio, Linn. Europe.

Anterior margin of the clypeus not armed with conical spurs beneath. Basal segment of mandibles without

spur or tooth. Eye-tumulus simple or with cusps. Palpus in the male sex with cuspules beneath the

tarsus ; patella never developed to form a spur. Palpal claw simple or pectinate. Coxal maxillary lobe

with two conical spurs. Tibia ii. without false-articulations. Legs i. and iii. stouter than ii. and iv.,

the former being the most slender; terminal tarsal claws single, simple.

The species occurring in our collection may be distinguished as follows :—

Males.

A. Tibia and protarsus of leg i. specialized as claspers.

a. Protarsus i. strongly curved in the basal half . . . . . . . . « armigerum, sp. n.

6. Protarsus i. straight throughout. . . . 2... 2. . «ee + +) =6horridum, sp. n.

B. Tibia and protarsus of leg i. normal.

a’. Third opisthosomatic segment with a central dorsal pair of long spines. spinigerum, sp. n.

b'. Third opisthosomatic segment without a central pair of long spines. . acanthipes, sp. n.

Females.

A. Legs armed with spines, which are often minute.

a’. Third segment of opisthosoma with a central dorsal pair of long spines. spinigerum.

b'. Third segment of opisthosoma without long spines.

a’, Legs much more numerously studded with spmes. . . . . . . armigerum.

6°. Legs much less numerously studded with spines . . . . . . . acanthipes.

B. Legs entirely devoid of spines. . . . . 1. we ee eee Omaaculatipes, sp. n.

1. Phalangium armigerum, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 8, 8a, 3; 9,94, 2.)

Type 3d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, 3, 10, femur of leg ii, 12 millim.;

@, body 12, femur of leg ii. 11 millim.

g. Clypeus with a central pair of minute spines and a lateral one on each side. Eyes two, one on each side

of a low globular tubercle, which is transversely truncate in front. Posterior segments of the prosoma

each with a transverse row of minute spines. Segments 1-4 of the opisthosoma with a pair of larger

central spines, transversely situated, besides a transverse row of more minute spiniform tubercles on each

of the nine segments, becoming, however, almost obsolete on the posterior four segments, though more

conspicuous laterally.

Mandibles small, basal portion of apical segment as long again as the digits. Movable digit strongly hooked

at its apex, each digit bearing a large triangular tooth towards the base, followed towards the apex by a

row of serrations.

Palpi: femur set below with scattered spines; tibia with a band of closely-grouped spines beneath ; tarsus

with a double row of very closely situated spines, extending from the base almost to the apex, the

segment terminating in a stout, simple, curved claw. Leg i. developed to form aclasper; all the segments,

except the protarsus and tarsus, more or less numerously spined ; tibia incrassate beneath in the basal

half, bearing on the outer margin a conspicuous series of about twenty black-pointed spines, the inner

AE 2

580 OPILIONES.

margin bearing a series of smaller spines, both series extending from the base to the apex, but the spines

diminish in size towards each extremity; protarsus strongly curved in the basal half, bearing beneath a

series of 10-12 separate stout spines which meet those beneath the tibia; tarsus flexuose, numerously

segmented. Leg ii. very long, attenuate, antenniform; tibia and protarsus not spined, the former with

four, the latter with three, pseudo-segments. Leg iii. incrassate, very similar to leg i., but the tibia is

not incrassate beneath and the protarsus is straight throughout, both armed with series of clasping-spines

beneath, not so much developed, however, as in leg i. Tibie and protarsi of i. and iii. not pseudo-

segmentate. Leg iv. long, but not so long as ii. larger, but very similar; the tibia is, however, not

pseudo-segmentate, while the protarsus has four pseudo-segments, the basal being at least one-fourth

longer than the other three together. The cox of all the legs bear a conspicuous spine above—a

character common to all species.

Colowr. Upperside dull umber-brown, speckled and marked with black; the second and third opisthosomatic

segments bearing a larger black blotch on each side ; eye-tumulus with a central pale line (but this is

not in any example before me continued down the dorsum, as in many of those of P. acanthipes).

Underside dull white, with ochre mottlings and suffusions. Coxe and trochanters of legs black, the

former with a median white blotch and an apical white spot, with also a central basal dusky line; legs

otherwise dull yellow, the apex of the femora, the patella, and tibise being dark brown. Palpi like the

legs, tarsi dull white. Mandibles dull yellow, mottled with brown.

Q. Similar to the 3, but legsi. and iii. are not developed as claspers, and the protarsus and tarsus of the palpus

are without spines beneath. The pseudo-segments of the legs are similar in number to those of the ¢,

but are probably variable in this respect in both sexes.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

2. Phalangium horridum, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 10, 10a, ¢.)

Type, d, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6, femur of leg ii. 7 millim.

3. Clypeus with a central cusp-bearing tubercle; eyes with a band of cuspules between them. Prosoma

with a transverse row of five central cuspules, and also a lateral one on each side, marking its posterior

limit. Segments 1-8 of the opisthosoma each studded with a transverse row of tuberculiform cusps, the

central two rows being most developed, the lateral cusps becoming obsolete in the posterior segments.

Coxe of legs with the usual upper basal spine and a lateral apical spine on each side. Tibia of palpus dilate,

only twice as long as broad; tarsus studded with cuspules beneath. Legs i, and iii. incrassate, sub-

similar, studded with numerous spiniform cusps, the protarsi being armed beneath with numerous

cuspules, but those of leg i. are straight, not curved basally as in P. armigerum. Tibia ii. with four

pseudo-segments and without cusps ; tibia iv. with cusps, but without pseudo-segments ; protarsi of both

ii. and iv. with pseudo-segments. The spiracular orifices on the tibie of the legs are situated as usual

in the genus, one near the base of the segment on the posterior side, the other at the base of the apical

fourth section, in front. Mandibles approximately similar to those of P. armigerum.

Colour. Body brown, sometimes with a pale, broad, central, longitudinal band; underside, coxe, and

trochanters of legs pale yellow-white ; femora, patellw, and tibie of legs dark brown, mottled with dull

yellow.

? (immature). Similar to the ¢ in general respects; the tarsus of the palpus without cuspules beneath.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

3. Phalangium spinigerum, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 11, lla, 3; 12, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 9, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 9 7 millim.; femur of leg ii, 3,13;

protarsus and tarsus ii. 35 millim.

g. Clypeus with a few minute marginal spines set on a low tubercle; eye-tumulus smooth, globular, eyes

comparatively large. Legs, especially ii. and iv., very long, the third, fourth, and fifth segments clothed

PHALANGIUM.—LEIOBUNUM. 581

with minute spines on all sides. Palpi with a few cuspules beneath the tibia and a double row beneath

the tarsus. Somatic segments with transverse dorsal rows of small white spines irregularly grouped in

pairs, the paired spines being widely separate from each other. The third segment of the opisthosoma

has dorsally and centrally a pair of longer divergent spines. |

Colour. Legs brown, mottled and spotted with yellow, the coxe having an apical dark ring. Body ochre-

yellow, the segments bearing dorsally a transverse row of black blotches, the paired white spines being

more or less confined to and situated on these blotches, those on segments 2 and 3 being larger.

Hab. Mexico, Amula and Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

4, Phalangium acanthipes, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 13, ¢; 14, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 7, 2 8 millim.; femur of leg ii, ¢ 11,

2 10 millim.

3. Clypeus smooth, without spines; palpi and legs entirely devoid of spines, except the uppersides of the

femora of the latter, which are studded with minute spines. Tibia and protarsus i. not specialized, but

the tibia has a row of minute spines and the protarsus a series of minute cuspules beneath. Tibia and

protarsus ii, and protarsus iv. with four pseudo-segments. Otherwise the general characters resemble

those of P. armigerum.

Colour. Body mottled with brown and dull white; eye-tumulus with a central white band, which is

continued, sometimes uninterruptedly, as a narrow white line along the centre of the dorsum to the apex.

The third opisthosomatic segment has a conspicuous blackish patch on each side of the central line and

its posterior margin is outlined in white. The underside is mottled with dull white and pale brown,

with often a dusky, narrow, central, brown band. Legs umber-brown, mottled and spotted with dull

white ; the cox are deep brown, with a large median whitish blotch and a pair of small white spots

near the apex, with often a brown line down the centre of the basal half. Palpi like the legs, the tarsi

without brown blotches. The colour is, however, very variable, the central white dorsal lne being

sometimes absent or obsolescent, in some examples quite narrow, in others much broader.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (1. H. Smith).

5. Phalangium maculatipes, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 15, 154, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 4°5, femur of leg ii. 5°5 millim.

General characters as in P. acanthipes, but the legs are entirely devoid of spines. Dorsal spines of body

almost obsolete. |

Colour. Body dorsally dull white, with brown spots arranged transversely, having a fine, narrow, longitudinal,

pale, central line. Legs brown, spotted with dull white.

Hab. Mzxico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

LEIOBUNUM.

Leiobunum, C. L. Koch, Uebersicht des Arachn. ii. p. 35 (1839).

Type L. rotundum (Latreille). Europe.

Anterior margin of the clypeus armed with a pair of small adjacent conical spurs beneath. Eye-tumulus simple

or with cusps. Basal segment of mandible with an inner basal sharp tooth or spur. Palpi sometimes

simple, sometimes with the patella more or less developed ; tarsal claw simple or pectinate, the latter often

in the male sex only ; coxal maxillary lobe with two sharp spurs. Legs very long, slender, subsimilar,

with a single simple tarsal claw on each. ‘Tibia il. with one or more false-articulations. Sexes very similar

in general character, but the males are smaller, usually with cuspules beneath the tibia of the palpus.

582 OPILIONES.

The species referred to this genus, which occur in our collection, can be recognized

by the following characters :—

Males.

A, Eye-tumulus without cusps, smooth.

a. Patella of palpus without an internal spur, the inner anterior angle,

however, slightly produced. Dorsal area of bates closely covered

with minute granules. . . . . Loe ew ew ee ew) «6COrIACEUM, SP. 1.

b. Patella of palpus bearing a long blunt spur on the inner anterior

angle. Dorsal area of body closely covered with small fovez, not

granules... . wee wee ee ee tw et es foveolatum, sp. 2.

B. Eye-tumulus bearing cusps.

a‘. First and second dorsal segments of the opisthosoma ridged above . dromedarium, sp. n.

i’. First and second dorsal segments of the opisthosoma not ridged

above.

a’. Coxe of legs with a marginal series of simple sharp cusps . . . fulvum, sp. n.

b°. Coxe of legs with a marginal series of trifid cusps. . . . . . albofasciatum, sp. n.

Females.

A. Eye-tumulus without cusps.

a. Body and legs dull orange, unicolorous.

a’. Dorsal integuments granulose. Patella of palpus without an inner

anterior spur, the angle, however, somewhat produced . . . . cortaceum.

6’. Dorsal integuments foveolate. Patella of Palpus with a long,

blunt, inner anterior spur. . . wee ew ew es foveolatum.

b. Body and legs white and black, in strong. contrast. . . . . . . marmoratum, sp. 0.

B. Eye-tumulus with cusps.

a’. First two opisthosomatic segments each bearing a large median

. First two opisthosomatic segments normal, without tubercles.

a’, Body black, with white lateral slashes on the opisthosoma . . . albofasciatum.

6°. Body without white lateral slashes.

a’. Body dorsally bright orange and black. Patella of palpus with

a moderately long, blunt, inner anterior spur . . - fulvum.

b°. Body dorsally dull orange and brown. Patella of palpus

without spur... / ee we ee ee we ww ee fulwiventre, sp. n.

1. Leiobunum coriaceum, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 16,16, 3; 17, 2.)

Type d, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 9 65 millim.; femur of leg ii,

2,12 millim.

$. Clypeus simple; eye-tumulus with a longitudinal central groove, but without cusps or spines. Prosomatic

and opisthosomatic dorsal segments coriaceous, granulose ; the anterior five segments of the latter fused.

Palpi without spines or cuspules, except an inner marginal row of the latter along the tarsus; tarsal

claw with three denticles towards the base. Legs subsimilar, very slender, the femora bearing minute

cusps ; coxze with an anterior marginal row of granules; tarsal claws simple, not pectinate.

LEIOBUNUM. 583

Colour. Body and coxe of legs dull orange, dusky above the opisthosomatic dorsum, sometimes with a broad

central pale band; eye-tumulus black, with a dusky blotch between it and the margin of the clypeus.

Mandibles black ; digits yellow, with black tips ; femur, patella, and dorsal area of tibia of palpus black,

tarsus yellow ; trochanters and the whole of the legs pitchy-black.

2. Generally similar to the ¢, but more granulose, especially beneath, with a row of granules on each side

of the so-called genital plate. Femur and patella set with short spines, chiefly dorsally, but the femur

bears many beneath, the tibia also sometimes bearing one or two beneath; tarsus without cuspules

beneath, and the terminal claw without denticles, or only the rudiments of them. Femora of legs, as in

the $, armed with minute cusps.

Colour. Body, mandibles, and palpi, except eye-tumulus, which is black, entirely dull orange; legs pitchy-

brown.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Omilteme, Amula, Chilpancingo, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith).

2. Leiobunum foveolatum, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 18, 18a, 2.)

Type 3, gynetypeQ, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 5, 2 3 millim.; leg ii., 2, 100, femur ii.

20 millim.

3. General characters as in L. fuluum, but the eye-ridges without cusps. Dorsal integuments covered with

comparatively large fovee. Coxe of legs and ventral segments granulose, the former with marginal

rows of granules, but without spines ; genital plate covered with foves, each with a central fine short seta.

Palpi: femur, patella, and tibia with a few minute spines, the patella having a long blunt spur at its

inner apical angle; tarsus without a row of cuspules beneath. Legs, except the two terminal segments,

covered with minute cusps.

Colour. Dull orange; eye-tumulus, trochanters of the legs, the two posterior prosomatic segments, and a

lateral dorsal blotch, black; legs dull orange and pitchy-brown. The body sometimes entirely black

or orange.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (fH. H. Smith).

3. Leiobunum dromedarium, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 19, ¢; 20, 9.)

Type do, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 2 6 millim.; femur of leg ii,

¢@, 6 millim.

g. Clypeus simple ; ridges of eye-tumulus and anterior area set with numerous spinules ; body-segments

dorsally set with numerous spinules or cusps, the last two prosomatic and the first two opisthosomatic

segments being somewhat ridged and prominent ; genital plate, coxe, trochanters, femora and patelle

of legs set with minute cusps; palpi with a few spines on the femur and tibia, the tarsus with a row of

minute cuspules beneath, the tarsal claw minutely pectinate. (This is possibly an immature example,

though the penis is well-developed.)

2. Similar to the ¢, but the dorsal tubercles are much more developed and the spinules more numerous.

The spinules on the palpi are stronger, but there are no cuspules beneath the tarsi; tarsal claw pectinate.

Tibia of leg ii. in both sexes with a single median false-articulation.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

4. Leiobunum fulvum, sp. n. (Tab. LIV. figg. 21, ¢; 22, 2.)

Type 3, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, ¢ 4, 9 5 millim.; leg ii, g, 20; femur ii.,

2,16 millim.

g. Clypeus unarmed ; eye-tumulus longitudinally grooved, each eye-ridge with two small cusps; dorsal

surface of body densely and coarsely granulose ; coxe of legs, genital plate, and other opisthosomatic

ventral segments studded with numerous scattered minute cusps; the coxe with marginal rows of

584 OPILIONES.

closely set cusps ; coxa iii, without a posterior marginal row. Palpi with minute cusps on the femur,

patella, and tibia; tarsus without cuspules beneath ; patella with a blunt inner apical spur. Femora of

legs set with very minute cusps.

Colour. Coxe, trochanters, genital plate, and ventral segments slate-colour; prosoma brown dorsally ;

opisthosoma dorsally orange, with a narrow, central, black, longitudinal band; the first two terminal

free segments black in the centre, the last two entirely black. Mandibles brown, with pale digits,

apically black ; femur, patella, and tibia of palpus black-brown, the two latter pale at the apex, the tarsus

pale yellow. Legs pale brown, patelle and apex of tibie darker.

2. Similar to the ¢, except in size; posterior free segments entirely dark. The genital organ, however, is

a sure criterion of the sex.

Tarsal claw of palpus with four denticles in both sexes.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa (H. H. Smith).

5. Leiobunum albofasciatum, sp. n.

Type ¢, gynetype 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length, g 4, 2 6 millim.; leg ii, ¢, 70; femur ii.,

©,10°5 millim.

dg. Clypeus without spines; eye-tumulus with a central groove, eye-ridges with a row of six cusps on each.

Prosomatic and opisthosomatic dorsal integuments densely covered with small fovex, not granulose ; the

anterior five segments of the latter area fused. Coxe of legs, genital plate, and sternal segments

rugulose, and covered with numerous very minute granules, but not with small spines as in L. fulvum.

Coxe with a marginal series of trifid cusps, except along the posterior margin of lli.; genital plate witha

marginal series of spines. Palpi with the femur spinose beneath ; patella and tibia densely clothed with

minute sharp spines dorsally and iaterally, the former bearing on the inner apical margin a large densely

spinose spur; tarsus without cuspules beneath; tarsal claw with denticles. Legs, except the two

terminal segments, set with minute cusps.

Colour. Body brown-black, with the lateral areas of the ventral segments 4~7 dull white; mandibles and

tarsus of palpus pale yellow ; legs pitchy-brown. Sternal segments often yellow.

2. Similar to the g, but the integuments are finely granulose, not foveolate, and the cusps on the coxee are

simple, not trifid; the eye-ridges are without spines, as are the palpi; femora of the legs furnished with

cusps; tarsal claw of the palpus with denticles.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith).

6. Leiobunum marmoratum, sp. n.

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 5 millim. ; femur of leg ii. 12 millim.

2. Clypeus and eye-tumulis smooth. Femora of legs with minute spines, the other segments smooth.

Palpi without cuspules beneath. The last two segments of the prosoma dorsally conspicuously folded.

Colour. Body and legs black, blotched and mottled with white. Prosoma white, the clypeus and space round

the eye-tumulus black ; segment i. and half of segment ii. of the opisthosoma bearing a square black

blotch finely outlined with white. A broad, central, white band, breaking off into a divergent band on

each side, follows ; the divergent bands enclosing and forming a large subtriangular black blotch. The

lateral dorsal area on each side is black, as is also the apex of the abdomen.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

7. Leiobunum fulviventre, sp.n. (Tab. LIV. fig. 28, 2.)

Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 6°5 millim. ; femur ii. 16 millim.

2. Very similar, generally, to that of LZ. coriaceum, but the body-integuments are not nearly so coarsely

granulose (the granules being noticeable only under a high magnifying-power). The femur of the palpus

is without spinules, the patella with one or two above ; tarsal claw without denticles.

LEIOBUNUM. 585

Colour. Body, including the underside, coxe of legs, mandibles, and palpi, dull orange ; eye-tumulus black ;

upperside mottled with brown; the second and third dorsal opisthosomatic segments with a subcentral

yellow mark on each side, longitudinally ; legs jet-black, protarsi and tarsi piceous-brown.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (Z/. H. Smith).

The following species of Phalangiids, probably belonging to the group “ Plagio-

stethi,” are unknown to me :—

Ligenus mexicanus, Becker, C. R. Ent. Belg. (3) no. 69, p. xxvi.

Hab. Muxico.

Opilio ischionotatus, Dugés, La Nat. Mex. vii. p. 194, t. 2. figg. 1-10.

Hab, Mexico, Guanajuato.

Liobunum mexicanum, Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 181 (1898).

Hab. Mexico, Amecameca (Barrett).

Liobunum albipalpe, Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe. vi. p. 181 (1898).

Hab. Mexico.

Liobunum denticulatum, Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. viii. p. 199 (1900).

Hab, Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Barrett).

Lnobunum consimile, Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. viii. p. 200.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Barrett).

Leptobunus spinulatus, Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 182.

Hab. Mexico.

Hoplobunus barretti, Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. viii. p. 200.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Barrett).

ADDENDA.

Prionostemma scintillans, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 434 (1908),

Hab. GuateMAta, Barrancos (Séol/).

Prionostemma bicolor, Pocock, loc. cit. p. 434.

Hab, GuateMata, Barrancos (Stoll).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran. & Opil., Vol. IL. January 1905, 4 Ff

INDEX.

[Names in small capitals refer to Families, &c.; those in roman type to the chief reference to each species included in the work ;

those in italics to species incidentally mentioned, synonyms, &c. |

Page

ADDOA Lecce ccc cece cc eens 477

GtOber0sa oe. cece cceeeee 477

ACACESIA ... cece eee seeee 502

Acacesta........ 453, 455, 456, 503

— foliata ................ 502

foliata viveeeceecceeeee 503

Solifera oo eeccceues 502, 503

Acanthets oo. ce ccccccccceces 3852

ACANTHOCTENIDE .......... 354.

Acanthoctentd@é ........eceees 542

ACANTHOCTENUS ......-e0008 355

Acanthoctenus ...ccceccecees 352

spinigerus.............. 356

SPUNUGETUS vo csv ccavecces 355

SpiNipes..........00% ... 306

SPINUPS oo. cree cceeeeee 355

ACANTHOPELMA ..........6. 34

Acanthopelma ..ccccseseeees 1d

rufescenS .........0005 . 34

Acanthoscurrta ......eeee .. 2,15

ACARTAUCHENIUS .......+4- 426

—— iNSANUS ....-.. eee eee 426

SCUTTUNUS voce cnceceves 426

Acentropelma spinulosum .... 545

a0) = 9: 07. Cr 400

ACHEG cicccccccavcascveces 374

CYOCEA oo. eee ee ee eee .. 401

——— UNBIGNIS ee cecereceaes 400

MendaX........eseeeaee 401

trapezordalts .........006 400

VUEALA ve ceccccsceceuee 391

ACTOSOMA ..veeeeees 122, 525, 540

CUCULEALUM occa c cee nenes 537

UTMALUM .ovveveees 531, 5382

—— bimucronatum .......645 538

DIEVIPES . oc cece nese rece 531

CAMCATALUM vec eee eee 532

—— ]2-spinosum .... 6.6 ee ee 535

Sericulum oocecsccescees 539

furcula .ccvcccccceveees 539

gladiolum ....16.seeeeee 537

——— J CITE veesveervevveres 528

Page

Acrosoma longicauda ....... . 5380

mammillatum ......66 «. 529

MAtTONALE .. cece evens . 528

—— MIUTATUM oe ceeecereces 588

ObtusOspind .....00.% vere SOL

parallelum.......+ re 5383

—— patruclis .icce.eee veeee O88

PCleVStt vesvseseversveee . 589

reduvianum .... 533, 538, 539

TUGOSUN vavevvereceves 528

sagittatum..... veceeee .. 5386

schretberst? ....ec00e ».. 536

SEUCS vic eccvcucevavens . 540

SPINEA sevseeee .».. 536, 537

SWAUNSONUW wee ccvccvece . 525

7 539

—— vitiosum...... totes sunwe 532

ACTINOPODINA .eseesceeeee 5

ACTINOPUS ...... Ce nceeeees 6

ACUNOPUS Loe ieee cece eeeeees 5

loricatus ........ oe . 8

TObUStUS .........00 eee 6

BCAlOPS viveccccesseeves 6

CASAS 6. cee ce ee veces 6

WANLACE .. ee ccececas Pn 6)

Agelena ......... ... 332, 334, 835

labyrinthica .... 40, 832, 334

NOVA wrcseveveccsevcene 336

OTUZADA Vc cece rcceceeee 338

AGELENIDAE wo... cece eee eee 332

Agelenid@ .occissscccscceces 544

AGELENOPSIS ......e+.c000- 334

Agelenopsis ........005. 3338, 335

AUDIptlts vee eee 334

attenuata ......... 0 eee 337

AUENUATA oo. cece eceees OOO

bicavata ......ee eee 337

bicavata vee cece eee eee 385

CAVATA Lee cece eee ences 337

CAVALA vec anee Woche aie 335

Costata ..... cece eee ees 337

COSLATA .evessecsceceves 335

Page

Agelenopsis cuspidata ........ 337

CUSPIAALA vieveveccccues 335

—— elegans ........-se0000- 336

C1EYANS ov eececcseceves 334

glaucopis .......... 22. 838

—— glaucopis ........ ete ee 335

—— lobata ...... cece eens 336

lobata ...eeeeee. .. 335, 337

—— marginata..........660. 336

MON GUNALA oe vvceseceees 334

NOVA wesscceserevevvace 336

1 a 334

OTIZADA .... eee eee eee eee 338

AL 335

—— penetralis.............. 3387

—— penetralis ....eccecreees 335

—— simplex............., .. 336

SUMPLEL vo veccccercccces 335

TYANSVETSA.... eee see eee 336

—— UWFANSVETSH vo aeeccreveees 335

variabilis .............. 238

VATIADUS eee c cece eens 335

AGRIOGNATHA ........0cc00e 436

AGTi0Gnatha wi. cece eececceee 427

L) 437

df, 436

—— lepida ................ 437

—— leptdd. i... iiceccccceces 436

—— pachygnathoides ........ 437

pachygnathoides:........ 436

ABRBA+ fo. cada ccpeesncases 299

charlotte ............ .. 299

AlCMENG. .. eee ceccceccneees 247

AMADUIB . 6. eee cece eee 801

PAida wivcecccesececes 247

Alpaida contcad ....6.e.eeeee, 519

AMAMIPA. ccc cercevesvcceeves 483

bituberosa .......... 483, 485

——_ ChVO8A eee cece ceeeaee 485

—— gibbifera: ..... eee ee, 485

nigromaculata ...... 485, 509

—— turrigera .... 6.6.0. ... 486

588

Page

Amaurobius .icccceceveveves 352

AMYCEX wos cece cece eens 187

AMYCEE Loci cece cece ceuneee 178

AMYCUS. 1... cee eee eee 191, 302

AMYCUS Lecce cece en eee 187, 296

benignus .............. 193

benignus ...... 191, 192, 194

fallax... 0... eee ee eee 195

—— fallax. ........ 0.00. 198, 194

—— flavolineatus............ 302

—— hieroglyphicus.......... 194

hieroglyphicus ...... 193, 195

——longipalpus ............ 195

longipalpus ........ 192, 193

MAYJOTW. 6... eve eee 193, 194

—— pacatus ..............0, 195

——_ PaCAtUS ore reeeccaae 193

palpinalis ...........00. 195

—— palpinalts ....ccevcceees 193

—— quadriguttatus.......... 194

quadriguttatus.. 191, 198, 195

spectabwlis os. cece caves 191

spiralifer ...........085 196

Ancylometes .iiceccreccvcces 308

Andrasta globosd 66... ccc eee 414

ANELOSIMUS vo. eee e eee 394

AMNelOStMUS oe cere rcneceees 373

CLUMUUS oo ccc cece ences 394

—— jucundus .............. 304

JUCUNAUS vec eeccceceees 395

socials... 6.4... 372, 394, 395

studiosus ...........008 395

SCUAIOSUS 6... eee ee eee 394

ANOKA vie cece cece eee eee 255

Anoka... cececececes 2538, 256, 298

fimbriata ....... ce seen 256

grenada.. se... ee eee eee 256

GTENAdA . ieee cece 255

—— MONENGUA vere cvccuee 256

parallela voc cicececccas 256

VEINANS . oes 255

Anthracoscorpius .......0645 . 546

ANYPHENA wee ee cece cece eee 94

Anyphena ........ 93, 98, 100, 102

ACCENEUALA. LL ee eee 94

clubvonotdes . 6... 6. eae 96

excepta ....... 0. cee eee £6

gibba.. eee eee eee 96

—— Jb vee cece eens 94, 97

—— gibbosa ................ 96

GiDbOSa Lecce eee 95

—— judicata.............0.. 96

—— fudicata oo eee cecccccee 95

la vata wo... cece eee 95

oblonga ..... eee eee 98

—— plana ............4. ve 97

INDEX.

Page

Anyphena plana ...ccssveces 95

| 0) a 95

TR 94

PULA veer cca cnnencues 103

scopulata ....... ce. eee 98

SCOPULALA ooo e eevee ees 95

—— SIMO... eee ee eee 98

simplex..........0-0 eee 96

—— simpled oo eee nee eeee 94

stylifer ............000. 97

—— stylifer 0... cc ccecc cues 95

—— subgibba .............. 96

—— subgthba.. ccc cee eens 95

trifida ........ eee eee 97

7 er 95

tuberosa ..........000. 97

CUDETOSA Lee eee 94

ANYPHENIDE wo... eee eee 92

Anyph@nd@ oi. .c cc cecccceee 545

APAGOSTERNI 1.1... .... 00005 57

APHANTOCHILINE .......... 164

Aphantochtiné ..... 6.6.0.0 129

Aphantochilus ..... 6. eee ee 164

Aphonopelma seemanni ...... 544

Apochinomma oi... cece ee eee 80

acanthaspts wi... 0000s 88

APOLLOPHANES ............ 131

Apollophanes ..... 0. ce cece 130

distinctus .............. 133

distinctus .. 0.6... cee 182

—— maculatipes ............ 152

punctipes .............. 132

———_ puNCLIPES eee ccee 131

ARACHNOMORPHA .......... 42

Arachnomorphe ............ 542

ARACHOSIA wo... cee ee eee 100

Arach0std vice ccccceccuns 93, 94

anyphenoides .......... 100

Puta Leeeeee ee eeeeeeeee 100

Araned oo. cc. 454, 456, 491, 510

aculifera ...........05. 512

— anguinifera ............ 514

ANGUINUFETA cece ane 512

ANGYCNALA vec ecvvceecces 450

bispinosa .............. 512

DispinOSd oo. eeicceeeee 514

—— bruennichti ............, 452

—— CaNCrYFOPMIS 6. eee eee 525

——championi ............ 517

—— CINETEM iv ecceeceee 330, 831

—— clavipes ........ vee eee 448

—— concolorata ............ dll

CONICA ....... eee eee 519

CONCH Levee cece eee cues 493

—— CONSEQUAa ....... eee eeee 518

—— COTNULA even vn cece 448

Page

Aranea cylindrica............ 515

cyrtophoroides.......... 518

Merhamtt oeeivccccececes 333

detrimentosa .......... 515

Miadema vivveccveveces 454

dilatata......... eee, 513

—— fasciculata .icceccccces 448

fasciolata ............ .. 519

flava... ce eee eee eee .. Ol

Geniculatd sce ececcccces 362

—— glabrata wo... ... 0, 512

graphica ...........0., 518

gravabilis .............. 511

—— helvola .............0.. 513

hevacantha .evcesccceee 525

incerta ............. ae 512

——— NCCTTA hee cvccvvvccce 5138

laticepS oo... cee eee eae 516

MOTMON ..... see eee eee 517

nephiloides .......... -. S11

nicaraguensis .......... 519

—— nigrocincta ............ 513

—— nigropustulata.......... 516

ocellata.... cc. eee eee 518

PACYWCA . oie ceveceveces 514

—— pallidula .............. 514

Tivalig ..... eee eee eee 519

——rufipes ,.........0004., 515

— sallei.......... vesveeee OLD

SAY] occ ee cece cee eee 511

septem-mammata ...... 514

SINIStTA 66... eee ee eee 510

smithi ............000, 511

——- spinigera ............ .. O15

rr ol4

— trifasciata........ beens *451

triguttatd oo. ec e eens 514

——— VENALOTIA vee verecvccuas 120

—— veniliz .............00, 516

zilloides .........0.00 519

ARANEINE® vo. cece eee eee eee 453

APAN@IN® veveccececccccccas 413

APAneUS... ccc ceeeee 458, 454, 483

—— _ pUbbefer vee civcccceces 485

——— MACEANS eee ec cevces 378

—— pallens wecceccccccvcces 122

——— _PUrPUrASCENS. 6. eee cees 463

SCONICUS Lee eee cece uae 172

SClopetarwus .....e eee ee, 474

ARCTOSA .eeeeee eee eeeee 330

AYCtOS4 Lecce cece cece ceues 315

cinerea .............00, 331

—— CINETEM oo, 330

—— mexicana .............., 331

—— minuta ..............., 3381

MINUET. oe cvccccues .. 300

Page

Arctosa parva... ees 332

trifida.. co.cc eee cee es 330

Ta) (0 | 331

Argiope argentata .....ceee. 450

argenteola ..... ec cece ees 451

AV JYVASPIS. svc ecvevenees 451

Dlanda we. cece ccc eens 451

COPMINATIAL see cece eee 452

Senestrind oe eccccvcecas 451

OL 452

PETSONATA wovesrvecoveeee 452

TUPAVUD cov caccuccccaces 452

EPANSVENSA veers cecnceeese 451

trivittata ..... yeu seuaes 523

ARGYOPH wo... eee eee eee 450

AYGYOPe voce eeeeae 401, 448, 453

argentata so... ccc. eae 450

ATGENEAEA voc cece evenness 449

——b)landa ................ 451

—— blanda wo. cece cece cee 450

COPRANATIAL Lee eee 452

OY 450

SETUCEH vo cicvcceecncces 450

—— trivittata oo... cece eae 453

ARGYOPIDA .. 0. eee eee eee 412

ArgyOpid@ rc civvvvccces 544, 545

ARGYOPINAL . occ eee eee 449

APGYOPINE vivvvvcvvccccreaes 413

ARGYRODES 2... cee ee eee 401

Argyrodes ........ 372, 374, 395,

398, 406, 407, 448

—— americanus ............ 403

AMEPICANUS 6... ees 402, 404

argentatus...........06- 403

ArYentatus... cece ceveree 402

argenteolus ......45 403, 404

— argenteo-maculatus...... 404.

argenteo-maculatus .....++ 402

argyrodes ...... 401, 404, 405

GQUICUS viv evceceees 403, 404

—— Dicornts ... cc eee eees 404, 405

CLEGANS voc seve eeceeenee 386

CPCU vivvececeees 401, 405

SOUR voce cece vere nenes 406

fUPCAEUS vee rere eens 407

jucundus ..........+06e 406

GUCUNUUS ove eevee renee 403

lar vatus. ccc ccacecvcenee 404

Vinguatus occ eves e eens 403

maculosus......+0+ee-e- 405

MACULOSUS vee ver ee ennes 402

—— Obtusus .... eee eee ee eeee 403

ODLUSUS vce reece eee reees 402

—— subdolus ...... cece eres 405

—— subdolus. ccc rece venenee 402

404

—— trigonus

INDEX.

Page

Argyrodes trigonus .. 402, 408, 405

Argyroepetra.... 487, 488, 444, 523

ACUMINATE oo eee 442

alboguttata .... ccc cea 446

ATGENTED. 6. eee ce cn veces 443

ATGYTA voce cece eee 438, 439

QUYOSEV TALE voc cee eee 44]

AUrUleNnta occ ceveveees 44]

DrevipeS . 6. cee cece nes 445

CUTE Co ccc cee nee 443

Aebilis ove ccc cece cece 444

—— fragiis ciicvccceveveees 442

——_ JloD0SA vee rerccecaccues 443

hortorwm ....e. 438, 439, 441

TONED oe ceccvcaceees .. 442

Leprdd. vecevcavccvvenens 437

MAUTA vevacecvcceee oo. 443

MESOMELAS wesc cease wees 448

—— pulcherrima ......ee 44], 442

VENUSTA ovr reas seve asiae 441

ARIADNA cee ee cece eee eens 43

APtAdnd voc cece cece cane veeee 42

COMATA .. cece rere seeess 438

INSUALALV IL. voc ec c ce cees 43

pilifera ..... ec cece eae 43

APlAdn€ voi caccvcccncceceves 407

COMALA viceccacvacveves 43

MELICANG vivsvserecvaes 42

——— pilaferd vicveccccvvcece . 48

ARIAMNES.. cee ce cece eevee 407

Ariamnes ....eee. .. 372, 874, 398

approximatus .......... 408

Jlagellum vicvvccceenees 407

—— furcatus .....04. veces 407

gracillimus .......... .. 408

PTOCEFUS ss esssscevvvvces 407

ARISTON viscceceeeeeeeeces 364

Ariston ...... eoeecasaes 360, 361

albicans... .. cece eee eee 364

ARTEMA. cece cess cece eeeees 366

ALbOMG vivcccccevcccvecenes 365

atalant&d -visseees a 366

atlanta ..... sete ee eees 366

ALLANEICA eee eeecrvace 366

CONVELA ciccccecvveevees 366

MAUPICIANA vevscvcseees 366

ASAGENA vee cecee ese e ee eeee 377

ASAGENA... 1.05. 372, 373, 375, 378

alticepS wa. seseceeeecnee 377

moesta ......0.65 foun ous 378

phalerata vicceccvccvees 377

quadrimaculata ........ 378

quadrimaculata ........ 377

— ZONAtA oe cece eee eee eee 378

ASAUMONED vic ecvcccnceerenes 186

flava wove ‘aaiteg sects 186

Page

ASEMONEA.... 0.0 ce cee e eens 186

ASEMONEM Li vvvcecececnvuvas 179

Mava co.cc cece eee nes 186

—— pelle rccccrcvvvvees 186

tenuipes ....... Vebate e's 186

ASHTABULA woe cece eee neces 256

Ashtabula oo... ccc eee 253, 298

dentata .......... eee ee 257

—— glauca ............0 eee 545

—— nigricans ..........645. 257

BONUTA vecvesvceaee 256, 257

ASSAMIOIDA .... eee eee ee ee 574.

ASSAMIOITE Lice cece cee be es 548

AtQUifo Coc ccc cence ee ees 399

NUGAL. cr vrvcevvees 399, 400

ATTUS... ccc cee eee ee ee eee 300

AUUS Coc cc cece cece ene eens 172

@stivalis ...ccreceveees 273

AGTESEUS woe eccceerercecs 247

——amabilis........ce cece 301

ATIZONENSIS oe ecees we. 284

-aurantius ....... seoeeee OOL

branichtt .iccccececeeas 247

CAPItAtUS 6 .cceecceeeses 272

—cautus ..... viewien dees’ 301

—— CRrY81S vies sveveces 276, 277

——— COCULUS oa ceveccccacces 246

—— dybowskitt wicccccvevccee 239

Familiaris .. ccc. cvev cues 250

—— flavolineatus .....0eccees 302

fUSCIPES ... 6. eee eee 301

—— infuscatus.............. 300

WIS. ac vcccecceraceceuce 277

limbatus ........0000. . 301

—— militarts ..ecveees seeee 279

multicolor ...sceceeeee .. 278

NItENS weve eseseeevseee 302

NUDUUS coeecscvecevaces 272

PANVUB seveesecvacs 2738, 292

paykullt...ccccceves 240, 241

—— PuerperUus ..e.evee.. 246, 247

pugnax ...... weeeetaees 301

TETLATIUS veces receceres 272

StreNUUS ...ceeeveveees 301

SYWWANUS. cov vveeercvees . 247

—— LENDOIA ci ccevecceeecaee 252

vUridipes ....6. Wiseteees 244

AVICULARIA ...ccceeeeeeeees 42

Avicularia ....6. .... 2,4, 13, 14

AVICULATIA vec ceveveeee 2, 42

CANCEVIAEH 6. vce ee eee 42

—— glauca ......eeeeseeees 42

AVITUS? fob be ees ORE ee 298

dioleni ............ wee. 298

AYSHA ...... bade ieee es 98

AYSRO civcciscvvscveveees DB, 94

590

Page

Aysha minuta .......eeeeees 99

—— prospera .ssseees ceseee 98

simplex .......... seveee 99

—— valvula ..... cece ee eees 99

AZILIA se scene cca ssecevene 446

DE) Sa .. 487, 438

affinis.......... ebebeees 447

JOPMOSA Lecce vcceveees 446

—— guatemalensis .......... 447

BAGHEERA.... cesses eee eee 298

— kipling] ............0... 298

BALMACEDA ...cese se eeeeeee 297

—— picta ..... eee cece eens 297

—— punctata ....... ee eeeee 297

BASSANIA wee cece ee cence ence 148

BassantQe ss ccceccccvcces 184, 135

SMUA we. .ese eee eeee .. 148

BATHYPHANTES ....cee eee 423

Bathyphantes . 6... ccc eve ewees 416

—— longipes ...ccscccvceee .. 423

PATVUIA wpesvvvceees cease 423

SADA .eseeeeeeeeccees .. 424

tragica ...... cecceeevee 424

Re 423

Bava ornata .icccccvvccveees 248

BEATA wee cece eee cece ees 292

Beata vice vcccccvcvcceveves 289

cephalica .......6..eeee 293

——— MAGNA oo. eeeseseeeeeee 293

MAGNA wivesveveees 289, 292

Bedrigeum vivvcccccecccvveves 86

predator wiveeseveees 86, 87

Bellota cevccccccccccccecues 168

Bion cece cece v ccc ne nc eweee 641

Bevis. cece e cece eee ees 541

BOCus vce ccc cece ene nn ees 168

BONNA voce eee cece rere eeeee 56

Bonn. cece cece cevecavacvcee 55

fidelig....... ce. cee eee . 56

BoTHRIOCYRTUM ........005 . 9

californicum oo. cceeecees 4,9

fabrile ......... ee eee. 9

Brachypelma........ 17,19, 20, 21

CMUA. ocr ccccrenenes 19

BucrantUme cc cccecccnees 164, 165

—— SYUNUGETUM dv vvee sevens 165

CaUrt{TONS..... ee eeseee 165

CAA voce ccc cec ec cesevenes 522

Calydnd voc cir cccvcccueeeues 540

CAPONIIDE wee eecceeeeeeeee 43

Caponttde ..cveccceccacecees 542

CAPONINA cose ceeeeeeee cones 44

Capontnd wivecseccceceveces 48

SATQL wvsseceeceereeeees 44

INDEX.

Page

Caponina testaced ..scvsevesee 44

CAREPALXIS ......... et enee 520

Carepalxis ......4. ceeeeseees O10

AMETICANA .. cca ceceeeeee 521

—— gibbosa ....... cc eee eeee 520

—— montifera ....... cee eeee 520

——— NUYTUCEPS evevees coenne 521

rotunda...... ceeceeeeee 520

—— tubercultfera....ccceeces 521

CASTIANEIRA .eeeceeeueeeee 81

Castianeira .seececccncececs 80

ugesi vs... eee e ee eeaee 81

flebilis ............ wees 82

lachrymosa ..........4- 82

—— luctuosa.... ccc ee eee ee 82

lugens .......... .. 82

—— mexicana .........004. . 82

—— ormmata ....ecceeeee wee. 81

—— plorans ......... eee 81

plumosa...........06. .. 81

PUDICUNAA oo ce eccccvceee 81

CHLETYCHEUS ....eeeee renee 114

Celetycheus .....ceeceeueees 108

Flavostriatus voc cevereces 114

paradoxus...........008 115

CERATINOPSIS .......eeeeeee 426

Ceratinopsis vo. .cccccccccees 427

UNEEFPTES i vevccvevaees 426

pergrata ... cee. ceeeee 427

CESONIA.. cee cece eee eeees 56

LT a 55

OUlineata. eee ecenee 56

—— fugax....... cece 57

——lugubris ............., 56

—— lugubris... ec ceccceccces 57

mexicana ...........00 57

Chetopelma.....cceccccccas 3, 18

Chapoda ..cccccccccccceccues 196

Festwwd veviescccees 196, 208

SUIPRUTEH voc ecccceveves 196

CHELIFEROIDES ........ wee. 254

Cheliferoides ...... eases 2538, 256

segmentatus ............ 254

CHEMMIS ....eee cece cee eeee 92

ChEMMIS. oe c ccc ceccccces 91

frederici.............00. 92

CHIRACANTHIUM ..........4. 85

Chiracanthium ........00c0e. 119

a | 86

ferum............000008 86

PUM ccc e eens 85

inclusum .............. 86

MmelUsuM eee eee ccecces 85

—— keyserlingi.............. 86

—— keyserlingt..........000. 85

MUTE eee eee 85

Page

Chiracanthium punctorium .... 85

Chirothecta. ... cc... cece eens 254

CHORIZOPS. 4... 0... cece ees ... 8

loricatus ............. . 8

Chrysometa albogutiata ...... 446

CRIYS80 voce cece c ences 379, 892

albomaculata........ 379, 885

CordiforMis wiceeccccees 393

7 386

MWUPCCUS oe eee ececeees 393

splendidad 11... 6. eee eee 391

CiNlO eee cecccccceccecae 357

Citharacanthus longipes ...... 544

Cleocnemis .......... Lee eeeee 182

CLUBIONA we. e eee cece eee ees 88

CIUDIONG 6c cece eee e eee 85

ALGUA eee eee e eens 108

CLOCOTA Loe. cece teen eee 89

COCOA wiv ee ce ceneveues 88

—— depuncta .............. 89

—— depuncla oo. .eseeceeuas 88

OXCISA... eee eee ee eee eee 90

CLCUSM eee eecenececeues 88

WNCUSA oeceevccacecaees 86

—— linguata.............06. 90

—— anguatas ccc rcccrcccces 89

—— mordica.............00 90

MOLVA oevssvcvcccucces 88

Pallidela wecvervccvcees 88

PIACENS vec ivccvecvccuee 104

—— placida .............005 90

PlACctda wivsesccccvvavee 88

SCVICEA ..e cece cece eee ee 89

simplex ......... cece eee 89

2 88

——tigrina ................ 89

—— HUJTINA nec cecc veces 88, 90

tricuspiS ............0. 90

trUCUSPIS Lee eee eden 88

CLUBIONIDE ..........0 00 eee 61

Clubionid@ .........4.4.. 548, 545

CLUBIONINE....... cece eee 85

ClUbtonine voce eee eecccccceee 61

COBANUS cecseeeeeeeeeees . 188

Cobanus ..... cece cece ccuee .. 187

eEXteMSUS ..... esse eee 190

Cxtensus...... Perererers 189

flavens ............000. 190

JUAVENS cece cece ceceeee 189

mandibularis............ 190

mandibularis........0.0% 189

perditus.............00, 191

Perditus ver eeseveseeee 189

—— subfuscus .............. 191

SUDFUSCUS 6 oe eee eee ee 189

— unicolor.............005 190

Cobanus unicolor ........005.

CoccorRcHESTES .

Coccorchestes ...

@eereseevese ree

meee A. <2 ae beeen

scarabeeoides......

Coleosoma ........ eee es 372, 373

sels evete's cecececescses 188

erucifer ...... weaespease 247

—— puerperus

eeoceoeeresrereecee

e@eereevereseecens

Continusa ...... eadbeewecce 299

@eoerereosr ere vere ee

— annulipes

eteererevsreveree

—— bicuspis..... Wenn Ceueces

DUCUSPIS wee cececreveees a

—— bulbosa ............005-

eooeeereeorer reese eee

eee resrereeeeoere eee

— faleula .

— luctuosa

eoovecreroreser

eevee eo ereeeoeee

eect oeeeo ee eae

orev eee ee ee eee

— mucronata

eo oer ese ee eee o eee

eovoveserer ever e eee

—— nigricans

eooeeeree reser e

eeeoee sere ee eo we

eo ere reerer ees eo eee

—— Preceps ....- bene eeees oe

eooeeeeeorere ree ee

—— rubripes

ooeseorerererere

—$—— SUD iv esravernccceces +

—— semiluna .......+6- wae

—— semiluna

eoeeererer rere eee

— testacea

INDEX.

Page

Corinna uncata..........500. 68

UNCHEA vevcesereveees 64, 70

variegata co... ccc cece eee 72

variegata ...... 66, 67, 68, 73

CORINNINE we. ee cece cece eee 62

COriNNiNE wevicsccesccnceues 61

CorinnomMMa .ocsecescveceees 80

AUDIUM oo ve cceceeeneees 84

—— pilosum wicsecccsceeeces 84

SEVETUM wicecccccrcecees 80

CORYSSOCNEMIS .....seeeees 371

Coryssocnemis .sssecesevere 865

CALIAICA ieee ccccceues .. v1

furcula ......c.eeeeee .. orl

SIMONL ... cece cess eeees 371

COSMETIDE .....-006- wee ales 549

Cosmetid@ ...ccececvces see. 548

COSMETINAD wo. cece eee eeees 549

COSMETUS .....se cece eee eeee 572

Cosmetus.. cc ccecevcecees 549, 550

OA 572

COTINUSA cecceccecceeeceees 299

Disetosd vecsescscvccoees 299

—— distincta ..........00e- 299

CRAGUS we. cece cece ee ee cece 105

CTAQUS Co ccceeeeenees 93, 104, 106

imornatus ........eee0e- 106

—— pallidus............0--- 106

pallidus ....cevcceveeeces 105

CRATORRHAGUS .........055 4]

Cratorrhagus ..cseccveceees 3,18

CEVINUS. .... cee eee ee ees Al

CONCOLOL ... cee cae e ee eee 4]

Creugas cinnamius........6665 67

CrypstdroMus....eeececcves 13, 29

IMNOCUUS vewsecaceveees 29

tsabellinus .......e eee 29

MACTOPUS .evsevecereees 29

pentaloris sesssveceees 31, 82

POTNUE vevevsevecees 29, 30, 31

CRYPTOTHELE ......eseeeeee 54

Cryptothele........4 eeeeoves 53

cristata ..... cece eee 54

VETTUCOSA ..ssoveseeecs 54

CTENIDE ...eece sees eoeeas 107

CteNtd@ vevcvcececacevevores 543

CEENTRA sececsccnceece seeeee 9

CTENIZEZ ........ egies eee OD

ChENIZER viv vccceccececececes 7

CTENIZIDB. ese cece ewe e recess 5

Chentztde vecscsvccveveees 4,542

CTENIZINE sees cece sec eeee 7

CEENIZING cevecssvceevevcece 5

CTENUS woe cece ee eee eee cence 108

CtENUS... 6.200 107, 303, 304, 349

—alienus .........eeeaees 111

Ctenus alienus

—— bilobatus

—— bogotensis

eee seooeerereses

eoeres ees err e esos

ooo eee ore ee ee see

— calcaratus ....4.........

Ce ey

—— curvipes

— excavatus ..

fungifer......6% vay ob e's 112

—— hibernalis....

eeoereere eres ereeve

—— incolans...... acess ee bie bck

peregrinus.......6..00.. 110

—— punctulatus ..

eoeooeeeeer sore erae

salét ..... ov cenecane ees 306

—— sinuatipes ........ aie ee 112

—— sinwatipes .......... 109, 114

eeceeceoeoerseoeereee

SUPINUS vo cceeccssces eek

eeecee ee eeoeeoee eee

Ce ey

ee cee rere eo oe eeeee

Face ene cteswees 305, 306

gTiSCUS .........08% we. 807

eee rere ee or se eon

eevee er eesr eer eeeey

eeoeee eee eee ee eeres

Cyclocosmia .eveccesevevvees

—— truncata

cbieeeecens vecee ees 491

454, 455, 456, 495

eee eeereese ee eoere

see oreo ee ereeses

592

Page

Cyclosa cervicula wisvececeres 496

OES «: 497

CIATA weve ceceee wee. 492, 496

CONICA wee see eee eee eeee 493

CONCH ose ceeveeees 491,492

CONIQETA .... cee eee wees 494

——— CONIGJETA ce vcvvacnvns 492

—— crassicauda ........0.0 500

——- culta ... cece eee eee 493

—— CULL. cr ccnvcccccnes 492

Giversa ... se cece eee eee 496

OO 492

Si8S1COUNA eee evan 460, 495

furcata ...... cee eee eee 494

—— fuUrcata .. ccc cevcceccces 492

fusiformis ..........-00. 497

SUstformis oo. ccceccees 492

INGEX... see e cece ee ee eee 496

—— ACL eee cccccveeees 492

lacerta ........ eee eee 494

lacerta .... 453, 454, 491, 492

—— NOd0sa ...... sees eeee 496

NOMOSA 6 oes cee caeceeces 492

thorellt evs ccccceecees 505

trifida ..... cee eee 495

a 492

tuberculifera............ 493

tuberculiferd .ecvcceveces 4992

—— turbinata ..ccesiccreees 496

walckenaeri ............ A495

walckenaert ........ 492, 496

CYCLOSTERNUM ............ 40

Cyclosternum oo. cee cece ceeeee 30

obscurum ...........0.. 40

TUSICEDS Lovee cece cece 32

SCAMAVAE o 6. ec cece eas 30

CYNORTA wo... ee ee eee eae 554

Cynorta ......6. 549, 550, 555, 559

——- albipunctata............ 556

-— albipunctata .... 555,557, 558

annulipes ...........005 558

annulipes ...... 555, 556, 557

—— biguttata ............0, 557

—— biguttata oo... cece cues 555

bipunctata...........06. 556

—— bipunctata.......... 555, 557

—— bituberculata .......... 557

—— bituberculata........ 555, 556

—— conigera .............. 559

—— CONNGEN' HA. ce cccceves 555

CONSPETSH oo. eee e cence 554

dentipes...........0.00. 558

—— dentipes........004. 555, 556

longipeS........-.e. eee 557

longipes .,.. 554, 555, 558, 559

—— longispina..,........66. 558

INDEX.

Page

Cynorta longispind .......66% 555

——— mexicana ..........000, 578

CYTDE Lovie c cece cence een enes 252

CONIOIA corse cvvccvvees 252

CYRENE . ee eee eee eet 222

Cyrene ........ 188, 221, 240, 241

albosignata .........66 235

albosignata . 228, 229, 237, 288

———APTICA sees e eee eee 239

aprica. . 222, 223, 228, 229, 236

—— hbicavata ......eec eee 235

bicavata..... 64. 228, 229, 237

bicuspidata ..........6. 238

bicuspidata ........ 224, 227,

229, 235, 237

bifida... cece cee eee 233

YL 224

—— bifurcata ...........08 234

Difurcata ...cecsecees .. 225

bilobata....... eee eee eee 230

Dilobata 6... ee ee cee ees 224

bisignata .......... eee. 236

bisignata ...... 222, 228, 229

bulbosa so... ... ee eee eee 231

—— bulbosa ....... 60 eee. 224.

CUrVISPINa..... 6... ee eee 231

—— CUIVISPINE vo eee ae. 224, 234

AeCOVATA.L Lee ences 222

delecta ...........0.0e 238

delecta...... 4. 222, 223, 228,

229, 233, 236, 289

—— dybowskii.............. 239

—— dybowskit...... 225, 226, 229

—— elegans .............0.. 238

—— elegans ........ 227, 229, 237

—— emarginata.. .......... 235

—— emarginata .... 226, 229,231

—— flava vice eee ee eee 236

—— flava wo... ce eeee w+. 226,229

—— flavescens .............. 239

Jlavescens ...... 225, 228, 229

FUSCA Lo. eee eee eee 238

—— fusca ...... 222, 228, 229, 236

—— geminata .............. 240

——— JEMINALA ce cccceccees 228

QTISCA Lice cece eee ee aee 233

a 224

hieroglyphica .......... 236

Ineroglyphica ...... 225, 229

infuscata wo... cee eee 235

Infuscata ..eeceseee 227, 229

interrupta............0 239

interrupta...... 222, 228, 229

—-— laticava............000, 237

laticavd oo eee cee 227, 229

— longispina.............. 230

Page

Cyrene longispina............ 224

maculatipes ............ 234

—— maculatipes oo... ...00. 225

mediocava...........00. 236

——- medvocava ......00., 227, 229

MINULA Lee. eee eae 233

MUNUED vo cvcecerecccees 225

niveoguttata............ 240

NIVEOGUEEALA... eee eeaee 222,

223, 226, 229

pallida ............00e, 237

Pada vivvvececees 227, 229

pratensis ........ ee eee 232

pratensis w.......0. 228, 226,

229, 230, 231

prominens.............. 2381

PVOMINENS we. .eeee 224, 227,

229, 235, 237, 238

TEQIA ....64., Cee ee ences 229

TOQIM. vo vvvevevcees 222, 224,

226, 230, 231, 235

TUSLICA Le. cece eee aes 233

rustica . 225, 228, 229, 234

SANQUINEA ....... eee eee . 280

SANGUINEE voce ccccveuees 225

simplicicava ........eee. 237

simplictcava oo. 6.60. 227, 229

Cyrtarachne oo. .eceeeens 508, 510

decem-tuberculata.... 510, 528

AUGJCSE. eevee cece eee 481

MEXUCUNA oc ceeececenee 481

CYRTAUCHENIED ......0 00005 10

Cyrtauchente@ .isricereceeee 7

Cyrtognaha oveccceseees 427, 436

NUgrOVvittatd ....ecereeee 436

SETTLED veveevevcveeeees 436

Cyrtopholis..... 6. cece cece 29

CUPSOP seve sevvcveueces 29

Cyrtophora wisesceveees 453, 523

Difurca ve ceicecccvcens . 495

CUPICOlMA . 6. eee ee ce eee 523

—— fusiformis ....cecccceees 497

OPUNTE . oe eee ec ccccuns 453

tuberculata .........04. 447

Cyrtosternum. oc ccce eens 29

——— CUPSOP vee eee ee eeees 29

Cyt@a (P) concinna .......00. 232

DAVUS woe eee eee eens 41

fasciatus ...........00 41

Decetia voce cee cccccccveee 368

UNCUWA. eee ec ccues 368, 369

DEINOPIDE 20... . ee eee eee 359

Deinopnd@ occ ccc cece ccuee 542

DEINOPIS «1.0... . eee ee ee eee 359

Demopis. ccc ccvcrcvcnes 352, 360

Page

Deinopis auritus ............ 360

—— lamia. 6. ccc cues 359

——longipes .............. 360

SPUNUPCS vee c nec enes 360

Delozeugma .... 0... c ves 62, 100

depictum occ csv eeceaee 63

formidabile ....... 0006s 63

MOVAAL we cccvccccevces 101

MOPAICANS ov wee renee 63

Dendryphantes...... 190, 258, 297

CAPItAtUS 6... eevee eaee 272

centralts occ. cece ee aes 269

—— dubitabilis .........00. 267

te 273

hondurensis ..........6. 272

—— letabilis...... 0... cee 267

———_ NIUNMAUS vee ccc ceenee 2638

—— NUDUIUS Levee eer ecnees 272

TOMAYUS ov ccc ccc nenee 272

ruber... .. cece eee ee eee 545

VEGELUS 66. cece cece renee 273

Descanso wivvccvcccccevcves 168

DIMA Loc ee cece ee eee 146

0) ): 134, 136, 141

AAMNOSH ... 1. eens 141, 148

Aorsata ... ccc cece evans 146

—— JUuianensis... 6... eevee 141

pallida ....... eres 141, 148

163, 164

SPUNIGOTA vee ceeervceees 144

SPINOSA vee eve eeceeeees 141

DICTYNA vec ee ee eee e ee eeeee 358

Dictynd occ cvvecccccevccvees 357

arundinacea .... 66. evens 358

DENLYNA vee eee eee ee ees 358

—— grandis ...-..e sees seers 359

GVANAIS 6. cece cence eens 358

—— Miniata.......-..eeeeee 359

—$——— MINA verre nn nnee 358

wee VOD se ee chee renee 858

—— parietalis ......++.-.+-- 858

—— partetalis 6... 6.seeeeees 357

——— tOXANA were e eee ee teens 359

——— UNCINATA vv eevee nee 357

DICTYNIDE wee ese e ee eee eee 357

Dictynid@ ..... ee reveees wee. O42

Diestus wcsceceacceceecveves 62

DIGUETIA wee e cece teen neers 53

Diguetia.....ccsevevecvevees 48

—— albolineata ........++++ 53

—— propinqua .+..seeeeeee 53

DIGUETIIND voces eeeeeeee 53

Diplura occ cece cceceeercees 385

DIPLURIDE wo. eee eee cece ees 34

Diplurid@ voevcervercceres 5, 542

DIPLURINE wesc certs eee eeee 35

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn, Aran. & Opil., Vol. II., January 1905.

INDEX,

Page

DIP@NA.......... wm eielace enlace 399

DipOnd veccevvccccvcccccees 373

melanogaster... ...ececee 899

proba........... ar 3899

Discosomad oo. c ieee cccnences 549

Discosomin€ ....ee cee re evens 549

DoLICHOGNATHA .......... 447

Dolichognatha .....ccer eevee 438

AWEVSA vo ccc cece eceeees 447

NUCLNENE ec cvsesencnes 447

—— tigrina ...... bosdevende 447

tuberculata ............ 447

DOLOMEDES ......... cece eee 308

Dolomedes 6... cece ccccveees 304

Jimbriatus os. ce cece eee 308

—— marginatus ....6...066 308

minor ........ Ceeeeees 308

Drances.... cetera tenn ee ve 305

DRASSODES ......... oom eens 59

Drassodes ....ecsceveees 55, 132

-centralis ........ cece 60

ferrum-equinum ........ 60

lapidosus .....e00. ... 59, 60

OVIZADA «1... eee ee eee 61

pallidipalpis............ 61

—— perditus ...........06- 61

singularis...........04. 61

troglodytes ......eeeeee 60

Drassus ........ 54, 55, 59, 60, 61

Wucifugus .eiceccceecees 60

—— OVIRADA Leer cene seen 61

pallidipalpis .........00% 61

—— SINGFUIATIS Wo. eee e cn eee 61

DREXELIA wo... 0. eee eee eee 460

Drexelia vivsvescceccaes 454, 456

bellona ......... ee eee ee 461

—— directa .......ccce eee 461

Aveta vivssvecvvvuvees 460

Dugesiella crinita............ 544

DYNAMtUs occ ccc cereccreeee 196

OPIMUS weceessveees 215, 219

DYSDERIDE wise eee e eee 42

Dysdertd@ occ vv cvccccacves 542

DYSDERINA ... cece cece eee 44

——plena ............005 44

PTINCPAMIS. vo vee veceees dt

EBO wees ee eee cece ete ees 130

EDO cee cccceveesceeeceees 129

latithorat.......ceeeees 1380

—— MEXICANA ......e ee eee 131

EXCHEMUS ...cceeeeee ee ceeee 59

Eichemus vsvcevcecccceccves 55

AMDIGUUS Lo. cece ee eee 59

ochraceuS .......6..006. 59

pedestris ..........005 59

Page

BDRICUS (26s eee Lewyees 499

EGMRCUS ic cece cee 500

crassicauda .........06- 500

productus ........000- 500

spinigeruS ............ 500

SPINUGJETUS Weve ccvevcees 499

tricuspis .........+000e 500

Egeenus mexicanus .......... 585

EGILONA won ccee ee cece eee 400

EIGtlond vice ec cccc cease evens 374

—— munda ............006- 400

MUNAG voc vvcnvcvvceees 374

ft rrr 88

depuncta ...... wea ene a’y 89

—— placida ....... civ eee 90

SETUCER nc cece ee ein's 89

—— LITINA oo ec receeeens 88, 89

Eimer tontus occ cee ccc cveate 168

Emmenophrys oo .cevevenvees 348

POTCALUS vec ceceveraces 348

ENNA . oc es ce cece tees ee eeens 311

ENNG occ cence 305, 318

jullieni ............005- 312

—— velox ....ecsisccseees 311

VEIOL vivvevesecvceceees 312

ENRICO oo... . eee ee ee eee .. 12

ENrtc0 vec e cece ee eees 10, 11

— MCXICANUS ........0005 12

MEXICANUS ve vevsaeee ~ dil

Eophrynus ....... cece ceees 546

0 a a 454, 483

ACuleferG ..cveessevens . 512

——_ aMbitoria coc cc eens 452

——_ amastera ...cisceeee ... 506

——_ arabescd occ vsvvcveeae 472

—— arendta ...seeeeee 482, 483

—— argentata ....cceveees .. 450

—— argyraspides ..s.ceeees 451

——— AT MALA vce cvcccecnves 489

balaustind ....ceeueees 465

benjamind —ssvveseveaee 470

DenfaMint oo. ce veveveees 470

Defurcata vivssccseveees 496

—— bimaculata ....sseeeee . 479

bispinosa ..... se pseiniece ave’ 512

bivariolata......065 » 464, 465

—— cambridgit ........006. 506

———— CAPO. coc cecesesccvoes 494.

—— caudata ....+....+. 498, 505

—— championt ....ceseeees 517

—— Clavispind 0. ccsceeces 509

—— CONCHA. 6... ec sencceces 509

CONSEQUA ...... ws wine einai 518

cooksontt ....605- sconececn 473

COTNULA Wo cee we ecneevens 454

—— erassicauda ......++.... 500

467

594

Page

Epetra cylindrica... cscs vee. 515

deluden& .....seereveee 461

destricta .. 487, 488, 510, 518

—— detrimentosa ......046. 515

—— directa .....ccsseee 460, 461

domiciliorum -....e.005. 470

——_ CCLYPA sv icivserevaceeee 483

—— CUAL vee evccenccceene 464

—— etheridget ..... 0... e eves 470

CUpleta vic evcerccceenes 476

——— fa8CUEA eee ccer eens 451

—— fecunda sevecseveseees 512

fesIVA Le ciccceececeese 470

—— lAVA woe evecvcae. eee 518

JMAVUPES oo cece eeeeceees 451

foliata ... cece eee 502

—— foliferd oo... ccceee wes. O02

—— fragilis... cece cee eees 509

—— fuscovittata ......eeeeee 505

QTACUIS . eee c eee cneees 528

—— graphica oo... ceeeees 518

gravabilis ... ccc e cee 511

——- gregalis. eiicseeeceas 501

guatemalensis ...... 489, 498

——habilis wo... cee cee 477

helveola oo eee ceca 513

helvola ..... cece wees 513

hentztt oo. cee aan 470

—— heptagon ..........4... 453

honest 6.0... cece 490

—— hortorum ....... 00.605. 44]

2 490

—— Aypocrita oo. cece eee. 489

——illicita .... 453, 460, 505, 506

MNCETLA Lecce cece eens 512

MfUMNAlA oo. eee caeeeee 483

—— nberctsa eee cease 46]

—— labyrinthea ............ 458

Lacerta .icvceccccceccaes 494

—— latebricola..........04.. 508

—— laticeps .... ccc cee cee 516

datredla voc se cece ceuae 451

lineatipes ... 0... eee eae 476

longispinad- oo... eee eee 470

MANGATEVE wi cscceveaes 470

——— MAUI oc cee cee eceeee 443

MAUPUCLA vee cee ee eaee 451

——— METENS vee eee ee ceenes 489

LL 464

—— mitrata ..... ec c ee eee 538

CL 479

MOVMON. cece ccccccnnces 517

MUIEWPINA ore eee eee 470

NAVA Lecce cece ca cceoues 508

—— nephiloides ...... seen 511

—— nicaraguensis .......... 519

INDEX.

Page

Epeira nigrohumeralis ........ 515

nigropustUlata .....seees 516

OAXACENSIS vee ee eeeeee 468

OALENSIS vee cece eeneas 468

—— ODSCUA Ler ccennveee . 470

OCEMALA . 6. cee rece eevee 518

pallidula ...cvcceceenes 514

parvula ......5. .... 506, 507

PASSWA 6... eeeeeee .-.. 480

—— plumipes ..cecevcvcveee 448

PTALCNSIS voce eee eeeeee 468

PVOMPtA vivevsvvevcuce 506

purpurascens .. 461, 468, 511

ravila vi. cece eeee 461, 465

OL rr AQ]

PUPATID voc cece cece eenee 452

—— rivals vee cece eae 519

TUZA voc cevcvvecunvenes 486

0 515

TUGOSH ve vevvevevvvvere 528

A 519

—— SATGYE eee ceneeecee 511

—— scutigera .......64 507, 508

—— semifoliata .......6.6.. 510

—— septem-mammata ...... 514

——- sMttht eee cccceae . oll

solersiovdés ........004. 475

SPUCAEA Lee cece cece eee 499

Se, 536

dk 515

OE , 481

tauricornis. ........ 490, 498

tetragnathoides .... 460, 461

—— thE eee ec ceca 470

rr 470

trianguliferd..... ce... 470

trivittata ... cee eee 472

—— ll-tuberculata .......... 498

variolata .......... 464, 465

vegeta ........ 458, 502, 509

VENUE 6. eevee eevee 516

—— VentTicOSA 6... eee 470

—— VENUSEA 0 eee cece eee 44]

—— VETTUCOSA oo. cee eee cea 482

—— vertebrata .... 6... cee 468

—— VOlUGripes . 6... cece eee 473

walekenaerti .........00. 495

1 | re 451

—— wittfeld@ .............. 501

Epeiroides fasciolata 510, 519

EPEIROTYPUS .............. 414

Epetrotypus oo... eee eee 4138

brevipes .............. 415

brevipes... 6. eee eee 414

EPIBLEMUM .........0.005 .. 3800

Page

Epiblemum albocinctum ...... 300.

Faustum oo. eee cece, 300

EPICADINUS ............000, 159

Eptcadinus 6... eee eee eee. 157

trifidus ..............0. 159

trispinosus 6... ee eee 159

EPICADUS 0.0... ce eee ee ees 160

Epicadus .............. 157, 159

heterogaster ........ 128, 160.

EPINGA 20... cece ce ee eee 248

Epinga wo... cece ccc, 222, 247

chapoda ..... eee ae, 248

ornata .............00. 248

EPISINUS ..........0 00 cease 397

Episinus oo... eee 371, 373

bigtbbosus .......... 397, 398

—— cognatus .............. 398

COGNALUS eee eee 397

—— putus..............000.. 397

PUtUs eee cece eee 398

ERGINOIDES ............000. 553

Erginoides oc. 550

tarsalis .............0.. 554

—— tarsalis ... 0... 0... cee 553

ERGINUS ......... 000. e eee 559

Erginus .. 549, 550, 552, 558, 554,

555, 556, 568, 570, 571, 577

arcuatus ......:....... 563

arcuatus .......... 559, 565

——clavipes .............. 566

C1AVIPES Woe eee 560, 564

clavo-tibialis .......... 562

clavo-tibialis ..... 6.0660. 559

crassescens ............ 564

Crassescens ........ 560, 563

cristatus ...........04. 564

a 1 560

cylindro-tibialis ........ 562

cylindro-tibialis ........ 559

Aevillet ooo. cece cece 559

erectispinus ............ 566

erectispinus ........ 561, 563,

564, 567, 570

—— mexicans...........0.. 578

pectinigerus ............ 567

pectinigerus 554, 561, 562, 5638,

564, 565, 566, 568, 569, 570

—— rectus ........... cae 567

—— PECEUS eee ic ee cucseves 561

—— serratifer ............4. 561

—— serratifer oo... 6. cee 559

serratipes .............. 565

serratipes .... 560, 561, 566

serrato-tibialis .......... 562

—— serrato-tibialis ...... 509, 561

Erginus simplicipes .......... 563

simplicipes. . 560, 561, 564, 566

——— BINNOSUS. ..........00 00. 563

SINUOSUS ...... 560, 561, 564

subserialis ............ 564

subserialis ..... 0.0.00 ae 560

triangularis ............ 565

—— triangularis............. 560

tricristatus ............ 566

tricristatus. ......0..04. 560

ERICA... 00.0.0 cece eee ees 175

EV1C0. occ cece ens 168, 172

eugenia.............00. 175

ERIGONE ..... 0.000000 0000s 424

Evigone oo. ccs 415

bimaculata ............ 424

—— dentosa.............05. 424

montevidensis .......405 427

—— purpurea .............. 424

VAGANS .. Lecce cece ee 424

ERIOPHORA ...........00005 461

Eriophora-......66+. . 454, 457, 462

balaustina.............. 465

balaustina ........ 463, 464

bivariolata ............ 465

bivariolata ...... cee 463

—— edax ..... cee eee eee 464

—— Cdk... cies - 462, 468, 465

—— mimax ............00.. A4G4

——— MINAL wee ceaee 463, 465

purpurascens............ 463

—— purpurascens 461, 462, 464, 465

——ravilla ...........000ee 465

ravilla ........ 461, 462, 463

variolata ..........000- 464

vartolata ....... cee 463, 465

EVUpus ccc ccc eee ee 160

ErUfidUus 6... cece ceees 159

bs 300

—— QUIIGETA eee ee eee 279

—— (P) barbipes:............ 300

EYVUS8SUS vee ees 164

pustulatus ......4. 168, 164

EO vc ie inne 409

AMETICANA -° si. . cee eens 403

Dy a 53

albolineatus.........0.45 53

PPOPINGUUS 6... reece eee 53

Escambia oe ec eee 196, 219

GIACTIS oo eee 216

conspecta .......... 196, 216

PATVULA oe cece ivcccnens 215

FUAGRUS -...-. sec eeee eee eee 38

FLUAGTUS Woe cece ees e ins 4, 35, 36

guatemalensis .......... 39

ji PIOKICABUB: Cio eevee 39

INDEX.

Page

Euagrus mexicanus ..... 0.64. 38

rubricularis ... 0... ce eee 4

EUCTENIZA 10... cece eee 12

Euctentza. oo. e eee 10, 11

MEXICANA ..... 0.02.00 12

MEXICANA oo... cece eee 11, 18

relata. 0... cee ee eee 13

Eugnatha gracilis ..........4. 434

OTIZADA oo ee cee 436

—— pallida ....... cece eee 436

EUOPHRYS. .............00. 300

COTONIGEFA vee ie eeeee 302

frontalis oo. 6... cece eee 300

newtoni.............00- 300

ysabali ......... 0... 300

YSODON 6. eee eee 300

EURYOPIS ............0 0000. 396

BuUryopts ccc c eee enee 373

flavomaculata ........4. 396

lineatipes ...... ta ceo eas's 896

probabilis ...... eee etees BOT

—— probabilis oo. eee 396

PYOXIMA wo... eee 397

PTOLIMA. occ eens 396

spinigera ...........04. 397

—— SPINIGETA eee eecccveee 396

EURYPELMA ..........00000e 17

Eurypelma .... 2, 4,18, 14, 15, 20,

. 21, 27, 28, 29, 34, 40, 41, 42

QAVICULATIA Loe cece ees 17

—— caniceps .............. 21

CANICEPS 6.6... 608. 18, 19, 23

dupont... 6... cece eae 25

emilia wo... .. eee eee 19

CMUMA Lecce eee venee 17, 20

—helluo .............0.. 545

—— helluo ...ee cece cece. 23

hentst vee e cece ce aee 23

lanceolatum............ 25

lanceolatum ........004. 18

longipes............004. 21

longipes .. 18, 19, 22, 34, 544

——— MAFLL eee 23, 24

—— mesomelas.............. 27

——— mesomelas .......... *.. 18, 20

pallidum .............. 21

pallidum ....... cee. 18, 19

panamense ............ 25

PANAMENSE... 6. eevee 19

rubropilosa ..........6. 17

rusticum .............. 24

PUSTICUM oe eee 18, 23

——sabulosum ............ 26

SUbULOSUM . 0. eae 19

seemannl .............. 26

seemannt ........ 19, 27, 544

595

Page

Eurypelma serratum ........ 23

—— SE7TAtUM oo eee 18, 25, 34

—— smith. 2... eee 20

BMIUR rere cc eceees 19, 25

—— spatulatum............. 24

spatulatum ........0005 18

—— steindachnert .......... 23

SEPUATIPES Lecce 29

truncatum. .............. 28

—— truncatum. .. 6... ee es 18

—— Vagans ....... cee ee eee 20

VAGANS. ove scevves 18, 19, 20

EUSTALA . vince cece eee e eens 503

Eustala..... 453,455, 456, 485, 502

amasterAa ...... cee eee 506

—— anastera . . ..508, 504, 507, 509

bifida. .... 0... eee eee 507

— bifida.......... 504, 505, 508

—— clavispina.............. 509

clavispina .......65. 505, 507

CONChIEA,.. Lecce eeeweeee. 507

fragilis 1... ........0005 509

FPAGUIS 0 ieee eens 505

fuscovittata ............ 505

—— fuscovittata ........ 504, 506

—— guttata ......... ee eee 508

guttata .... 504, 505, 507, 509

illicita 2... . ee. eee 506

wheita ........ 503, 504, 505

latebricola.............. 508

latebricola ....... ccc eee 505

nigromaculata .......... 509

parvula ........ 508, 506, 507

seutigera ............0. 508-

seutiyera .. 504, 505, 507, 509

semifoliata ............ 510

semifoltata... 6... ..eaee 505

Vegeta vice cece ee ceees 509

— vegeta .. 508, 504, 505, 508

EUTICHURUS .........e0 005 86

EUtichurus oo. vccccvccccaes . 85

FOTO ver sge ney cereesios . 86

PULUS.... eee e eee eee 86

EUTYCHIDES ........000 ee eee 11

Eutychides ... 6... c cece eees «10

—— aurantiacus ............ 11

—— dugesi .............05. 11

DS, ae en 10, 12

relatus 6... eee eee . 11,138

Fecenta vec ccc ee cece ens 356

FIRISTATA oo5 5 «bw ede eed wee 46

Fillistata oo... cece eee 47, 352

captlosa 6. ec ee cece 47

CApttala. .. cece ccc scces 47

—— distincta...... tin eatin OS 47

596

Page

Filistata hibernalis .......... 47

hibernalis ... cc cc ceveees 46

INSIGNIS ... csv eeee rere 47

tractamS..... cece eee ee 47

EVACTANS. Loe cee 46

FILISTATIDA... 6. eee eee ees 45

Filastattd@ . 0... ccc eens 542

FILISTATOIDES ..... 000s ee eee 47

Filistatoides oo... cece cee eee 46

INSIQHIS 6... cee ee eee . AT

FLORINDA 2.0... cece eee eee ee 420

FUOrind a. occ ccc cece enes 416

mirifica ....... eee ee eee 420

Fluda oo ccc cen ewes 168

Fontan cv vccccccccccecaves 417

CAMCATUFETA vse ca veeee 420

—— pharnicea vi vsisssvceees 416

FRONTINELLA ......eee eevee 420

Frontinella . occ ccc wens 416

bicuspis ..........000- 422

bicuspis ........4% Leas . 421

—— communis..........000. 422

—— confinis ...........000. . 423

CONPINIS Lice cece eenee 421

—— falculifera ............6. 4292

Faloulifera..... cece ceees 421

—— lwta ....cce cece cece eee 421

— lata .......... 420, 422, 423

TUSEICA 16... eee ee ee eee 423

TUSICA Loc. 42]

tibialis ............008- 422

tibialis vo. cece ees 42]

—— unCata ...... eee e eee 422

——— UNCUT cence eenee 421

FUENTES ....... cece ee eens 297

pertinax ......... ee eee 297

FUFIUS 2... cece cee eens 35

atramentarius .......... 36

GALENA ... 0. cece cee ee eee 411

Galen vice cece ees 409

CONSEQUA .ieverseeeeees 412

CONSEYUA i viviveceeeeee 41]

distincta ....svseeeeeee 412

AUStINCEA. es 41]

CTTANS ccc ccc en eeee 412

A, en 411

m——— MIXtA. eee eee eee 411

MINE ccc cenncneee 412

BONALA voce r ec uevveees 411

Galene. cece ccc cee eee 411

GASTERACANTHA .........0-5 524

Gasteracantha -... 0... eee 540

caneriformis ............ 525

CANCTUFOTMIS . 0... eee ee 524

——elliptica ...........06. 525

INDEX.

Page

Gasteracantha hexacantha .... 525

kochi....... eee ee ee eee 525

KOCht oo cee ee ee 524.

i, 524.

TUDUGINOSA . 6. eee veeenes 525

GASTERACANTHINA .......... 524

Gasteracanthiné ...... ceaeee 413

GAVENNA oc cece cece ee eens 107

GAYENNA oe cee cece eee 94

AMEFICANA oe eee eee 107

—— minuta ......... eee eee 107

OTIZADA oo. eee ee eee 107

GEA Lee ee ee eee eee 453

OT) ppisie se e's 450

heptagon ........eeeeee 453

—— preedicta .......ee eee 545

SPINUPES occ eccveccenees 453

Gelanor consequus .....+640 412

Gistinctus vo... ccveeeees 412

——— EFTANS i cvcceccvcvvees 412

MOEMLUS .ovcvcvcacecvces 411

MAUEUS vce cacacececuces 411

GLYPTOGONA wee cceeeeeeees 523

Glyptogond. .. ccc ceeeccenees 510

— decem-tuberculata ...... 523

sextuberculata ....e.000- 523

GINAPHOSA 0... cece eee ee eee 55

Ginaphosa .icscceveeeves .. 54, 60

decepta ....secseeee .-.. 56

WUctfuga...veceees ceeees 55

Spiralis ..... ec eee ee eeee 55

GNAPHOSIDE vee e cece eeeee 54

Gnaphosid@ sicveccvcveveees 5438

Gonoleptes ..... bn vs.0e vee eees 573

GONOLEPTIDE .... ee cece eee 573

Gonoleptid@ ....+..seeee wee 548

GRAMMONOTA ..ceseesoveees 425

—— TIQTICEPS .... ee eeeeees 425

Picttlts voc ceveveceeeees 425

GTYN€ icc cccenevceeenees 549

Gryndes ..sicceccvees cee 573

HABROCESTUM ....... Ss eubee 302

Habrocestum oo. ccccccceceves 214

—— aztecanum.......6+.. e+e. 246

belligerum vo. cc cecceeees 244

COCATUM vee eccecevcees 246

dorsale ..... ce cece eeee 3802

latens ov cccccaceueees 245

MEXLICANUMN veccccaccces 243

——— PAVALUMN ee cceceacnes 245

VUTUAUPES ove ccecceene 244

HABRONATTUS .......... 241, 303

Habronattus oo. .e cc eeeee 188, 240

azteCaNUS ........ eee eee 246

ABLECANUS vv ceceveveees 240

Page

Habronattus belligerus ...... 244

belligerus ......65.. 243, 245

CORCATUS LeeLee ee eee 246

COLCALUS Wee c even evens 243

——latens .......ceeeeeeee 245

AtENS cece eens 243

—— mexicanus...........-6. 243

MEXUCANUS. . 6. cc eee 241, 242,

244, 245, 246

—— paratus ... cece ee eeeee 245

PATAEUS . 6. eee eee e ences 242

—— perfidus ............4. 245

PeTFiAUS vc vevisvveveeee 242

——placidus .............. 303

—— simplex .........eee ees 303

viridipes ..........0005 244

UUTUAUPES ov veeeeee 242, 243

ZebTaNeuUS .....- eee ee eee 245

— zebraneus ..... p04 oly dw ang 243

HAMALATIWA ....e sees eee ee 348

Hamalatiwa ........ 339, 341, 346

facilis ....... ccc eee eee 349

FOCUS Lecce cece eens 348

1 7 a 848

Hamillus oor ccccccccceeeaes 220

TAAUANS 0. cee cece ence ces 220

BYLVESTTUS oo ceececeveves 220

HLIAPALOPUS oo. cece cece eens 30

Hapalopus ...cccceeveeee wee. 14

SOrMOSUS .evecevvvveuee 30

INflALUS . ov cevcas oa ee ole 30

—— pentaloris.........eeeee 31

pentaloris ..ccececcveees 32

——— PEIMIX occ eee eee eee 31

TUPICEPS 6. cc veveveees 31, 32

Hapalothele wi... ceeeeees wees OO

VATU oe ceccccvccevens . 3d

Harmonicon ..... cow we esas 3

HASARIUS .... cece eee ee wees 206

HLASATUS weceessvecaees 240, 241

adansont ...... 240, 241, 296

bellicosus ..........064. 297

paykullt. ccc ccccccveces 240

TTedand wiv icccccccvccevcaes 164

QTACUUS Coc ccececccces .. 164

octoperlata wi. c ween 164

FHelorus voc ccc ceccccaee 187, 188

CXTENSUS va yecucecncaee 190

MAVENS Lo cee ccceceeeee . 190

—— mandibularis ...... 188, 190

perdttus esvervccesveae 191

Felvtdius voce cece cee eccee 56

lugubrts oi viececeseees 56

FLENTZIA woe cee eee eee eee nee 523

basilica... 6... eee 453, 523

—— trivittata .............. 523

Page

Hentzia trivittata ...... veeeee DLO

Heraclea ....... ceeeess 222, 241

PAVAAOLA .iveevcvcueees 230

TOGO ceases wieiene sila 222, 229

PUBLICA. oc casasecssoecces 2338

SUNGFUINED Loci cecarecues 230

Hermippus. cic cccccccecees 53

Do 0) 168

Hernandaria..... ee era 573

HERNANDARIOIDES.......... 573

——— Plan... cccssccceecsoes 574

PUAN . cc cevcveveces 1s. 578

Herpyllus ........ bee ewe’ 56

ersilia ..ccescececcees sees. BOL

MEXLICANA wececcvceeaees 351

HERSILIIDE oe. eee eee eee 350

Fer stlid@ oo. cic cece cc cneas 543

FHersiliola occ ccc c ces cu ceeee 351

HESYDRUS ......... sees eee 318

TT esydrus .evccccccveeee 305, 312

JUMENG wacvescvevees 312, 313

palustris ...acceeee 305, 313

HETEROCHEMMIS........066. 91

—— mirabilis .............. 92

HETEROPODA ....ceeeeeeeee 120

Hleteropoda ........euee 119, 121

TOGIA vveccvcavees 3, 120, 121

Venatoria ....... ce eee 120

venatoria ........ 38, 121, 304

HETEROPODIDH ......00000. 118

Heteropodid@ .....eeeee 548, 545

HETEROPODINA! ........ we. 120

Hilaira uncata ic ceevceceeee 416

HLIG&DILLUS 0... sec e eevee 121

Heedtllus cece ccc cee nee 120

sexpunctatus .......... 122

SCLPUNCEALUS ».. ee ee eves 121

HOMALATTEE ....cceeeeeeee 289

Homalatte@ cecccsccvvsveves 178

HOMALATTOIDES ........-00- 293

Homalattoides ...... 289, 292, 295

alboguttatus............ 294

longipeSs ....-+eeeeeees 294

—— phoeniceus.........+..6+ 295

———_ phoentceus veesesvveveees 294

TOSCUS seececeeescecees 294.

TOSCUS. cs vesaavveveceene 293

FIOMALATTUS ..cecceeeeeees 303

Homatlattus ...... ccc ce wees 2938

hispidus ....:seeeeeeee 303

—— _ phoeniceus ... 1. eee eveeee 295

pustulatus....ses0s 2938, 803

Home@omma ...sercceeeees .. 18

Hoplobunus barretti......0.-- 585

PIG BRA vc ck ee ew eee ks 425

—— insignis ....ssesseeeeees 425

INDEX.

Page

Hyllus pratensis ....eeeees .. 282

PUGNAT wicsccvcecccvece 301

SEYENUUS. osscees coeaeale 301

Hypochilus...ccceccveees 352, 542

FLIYPOGNATHA 3... cesses ee eees 540

NMASUTA Lreceeeseeeavece 540

Hypophthalma ......ceeeeeee 520

Hypoplatea ...... Seivade des 115

FT ypstnotus vc cccvccccnveces 63

MELICANUS. eo seececvcees 73

TAPLOP vivecvccavevvece 66

spinefer ..csevee seseeeee 66

—— testaceus ...ccceseseses 74

Hyptiotes ....cseeee er .. 364

Tnsidiatores .iccscevcvcecces 548

9 0) a 168

Tsala visveccccecvees vesevee 164

PUNEHATA vevverevevenee 164

ISALOIDES ..... 00sec ecco eee 163

Tsalotdes . 0. cc ace ev ncacvceee 159

PUTUS Loe cece reece eeee 163

ISCHNOCOLUS ....eeeeeeeees 40

Tschnocolts ..cvceeeavenes 13, 30

SCVICCUS voc cece eee eee 40

ISCHNOTHELE ........-+0005 37

Ischnothele.......44. 35, 36, 38, 40

caudate ...cseeceeeeeees 38

CAUdATA vv evcvececes 37, 39

digitata... ... ccs eee eee 37

——— UiYtWata..cvvecsccsveees 38

—— guianensiS .........46. 38

guianensis...... doeeee 37,39

—— pustlla ..ccessseveveuee 37

SIEMENSE. Lo cee cccccvcnes 37

ZODYING 2... cece ee eee eee 88

ZEDTINA ice cscceveeee 37, 89

ISCHNOTHELINE ......e.0005 36

Tschnothehin@... 0. cececesceee 35

TstGonta vic cccevcccuaes eeeee 100

Limbata oo. ccecveeececes 100

Ttys Pevrgrata. ..ecvccccccuces 427

THAMUS occ ccc cece ee ees 35

TXAMAAUS wivevssvcccvvevees 35

0 169

SANUS Licence cece reer eees 169

— melanocephalus. ......4. 169

Telskia oo ceccccecccevevccee 179

LONGUS». ven eevereces 179

Yi) 196

OPIMUS ..seeees 196, 215, 219

KGERA Ua ves kee cceviceecs 522

Bair divveveverdsevevecscsces 510

altiventer .......eeeeeee 522

Page

Kaira dromedaria ........+++- 522

gibberosa ......... 000s 522

KEYSERLINGELLA .....0.6++: 177

Keyserlingella ....6..555 168, 176

CATA cece eee e ence etree 177

POrdUtd viverssvercaeees 7

Keyserlingia ....ceeeveeceees 525

COYNIGETA vrccvevseeeees 532

KULCZYNSKIELLUM.......... 425

—— dubium...............- 425

—— fUSCUM Lecce nce eens 425

Dabdacus 1... ce ccc cece 349

—— monastoides ........0008 849

Prolatus vie ccceveceees 350

——— PUPPUPCUS 6. ccc eee 350

LANIATORES .......-.--0000% 548

Larinia ........ 4538, 460, 495, 503

Bellona 2... cece eee eee 461

AVOCA voce eens 461

Dufourt vo... cece eveees 460

lineata... cece eens 460

Lastodorad oo. cece cee 13

LATRODECTUS ..........0005 378

Latrodectus ..........45 372, 373

Gotatus . 0... cece eee 379

formidabilis ..........-. 379

geographicus oo... 6... eee 37

—— geometricus ........6065 378

——mactans ............+. 378

MACEANS ov cece ve evens 379

CHOPACICUS . 00. ees 379

tredecim-guttatus........ 378

VATIEGALUS 6... cece 37

VAPUOIUS . ccc ee ees 379

LAURICIUS., .... 0.0.00 ce eee 91

LQUrictus oc cece ee 85

hemiclewinus ............ 91

LEIOBUNUM ....... 00 -e ee uee 581

DLetobunum icc cccccvveccees 578

albipalpe ............4- 585

albofasciatum .......... 584

albofasciatum ........45 582

consimile .....:.....+-. 585

— coriaceum..........,... 582

COTIACEWM oo cc cece ene 584

— denticulatum .......... 585

dromedarium .......... 583

—— dromedarium .......... 582

—— foveolatum ............ 583

—— foveolatum.........++4+. 582

— fulviventre .....00..... 584!

—— fulviventre....... 6. ‘ies 582

—— fulvum ................ 583

— fulvum .......: y... 682, 584

—— marmoratum.....::..... 584

598

Page

Letobunum marmoratum ...... 582

MexiCanUM ......seeeee 585

rotundUM . oe... e cee neee 581

LEPTHYPHANTES............ 423

Lepthyphantes ........005 48, 416

—— dubta oo. ec eae 423

—— longispinosa............. 423

——_ MINUEA 6 eee n eee 423

MUSCICOIA ... 66. cee 423

Leptobunus spinulatus........ 585

Leptoctenus byrrhus .......... 118

LEPTONETIDH ..........0085 45

Leptonetid@ oi... cc cece v ees 544

Leptorchestes ....... 00sec cues 168

Leptyphantes dubia .......... 425

longispinosa .........06- 423

LEUCAUGE 2... .. cee eee eee 438

Leucauge .. 487,448, 444, 453, 523

acuminata............6- 442

ACUMINALA . 6. eee 440

argentea ..........0e 442

APGENECA .. eee cece ees 440

argyrobapta ....... cee 438

—— aurostriata ............ 44]

—— aurostriata ........ 439, 440

—— curta .. eee eee eee 443

——— CUTE occ c cen 440

formosa... cece cree enees 438

fragilis ......... 00.0 eee 449

a 440

——hortorum ...........06. 439

— idone# .............0-. 449

TONED vee evcvvccvneees 440

——longipes .............. 441

LONGUPES . 6. eee eee eee 439

—— lugens ............000. 442

Or 440

mandibulata............ 440

—— mandibulata .........45. 439

—— Maura ....... eee eee 443

——— MAUTA ec ccccvcveaee 440

—— mesomelas............4. 443

MESUMELAS . eee s eee eeaee 440

——— MOYENS...... ee eeseeee 441

——— MOTENS ....... 2000s 439, 440

SetigerA......e ee ee eee .. 441

———— BELUJEN A Lever ccnccenees 439

simplex..........eee eee 442

SUMPLEL voce cvvcecenas 440

—— venusta.........-.c0 eee 441

——— VENUSEA Lov eevcceees 439, 440

LIGER wo cec sec e cece eee 400

Diger vvvccsvcvvccvccvvccues 374

incomta........0+. eee 400

TAMulus vicvececcccccccccces 546

Linyphia ...... 871,415, 420, 421

INDEX.

Page

Linyphia albonotata ........+. 416

clathrata ...... pie eeeee 417

COMMUNIS .. cece vnerceee 422

CONfiNIS Weve cece renee 423

—— J@TA vec rrcvccccccnaee 421

OFNALA vi ccceecerenvees 438

LINYPHIINE... sees eee tees 415

Linyphtin@. 0.0 ve rr ccceees 4138

Liobunum albipalpe .....+.06s 585

Consimile ..ccevecenceee 585

denticulatum,.....e1..s 585

————_ MEXICANUM vee cecvevees 585

LIOCRANINA ve ee eee e ee eeee 91

TA0CrAnin@.vevsvccccnccccees 61

Lt0cranum 0. cece eee ees 91

MiUrabile ..ccccaceevees 92

Diphtstius . 6. cee vvccevcnes 1, 852

LITHYPHANTES..........0055 375

Lithyphantes .... 372, 378, 374, 877

autumnalis ............ 376

——clarus ....e. ee eee ees 376

Corollatus .. 1... eee eee 375

—— EHS veer ccc ncn eenes 377

lugubris ........ eee eee 376

—— luUgubris.... ccc ceccvcnes 376

nigrofemoratus.......... 376

nigrofemoratus .....44. 375

—— pulcher ......... se aee 376

quesituS .......eee eee 376

LOXOSCELES ..........000005 52

Doxosceles vi. ccc cv eee vcnee 48, 51

rufipes ... see. seer eee 52

LOXOSCELINE ..... cee cece 52

Lycodrassus .... cece cece eee 353

robustus .......... 3538, 354

LYCOCTENUS ......--..000. 308

Dycoctenus ... 0. eee eee 108, 304

bogotensis ............ 308

——— DrunneusS oo cr eveecceees 308

colombianus ...... eee eee 308

LYCOSA wesc eee cece cree tence 3822

LYyCO8A vee ccccceveaee 304, 314

—adusta ............00 ee 329

—— brevitarsis ............ 327

brevitarsis ........ 323, 324

—— brunnea................ 325

—— brunnea........656. 323, 3826

| 331

— coloradensis ............ 328

—— concolor ..........e eee 829

—— constricta .............. 327

constricta 6... 6... a. 323, 324

dilatata.. ..........000. 326

dilatata........4... 823, 324

futilis ................ 329

—— guttatula ............., 328

Page

Lycosa guttatula ....... . 324, 326

hirsuta oo... cece cece e es 325

RL . 823

Injusta ..... eee eee eee 329

INSIQNIS 6... eee eee 324

UNSUJNUS 6c cee erenees 322

— lativulva .............. 326

—— lativulva .... cece eee, 324

—— longitarsis.............. 327

longitarsis ........4. 323, 824

—— longivulva ............ 826

Longtvulva oe. eececeeceee 324

MEXICANA... eee eee 829

—— MUVING occ ccvcens 822

persimilis ............0. 329

scutulata ............., 328

—— sceutulata .........0.00. 324

subfusca ........,.0005 325

SUbfUSCa vo. eee eee eeen 323

tarentula .......4.. 3804, 322

transversa...... wt eeeas 325

EVANSVETSA vv eessecececes 324

—— uncata ............000. 328

—— wnedta .........48.. 323, 826

ventralis ..........000. 326

ventralis ...ceceeee 8238, 324

LYCOSIDE . 6... eee eee ee eee 314

Lycostd@ viv ccccsevvccuaeee 544

LYSSOMANER 1... ce see eee 178

LYSSOMANES ...........0000, 179

Lyssomanes ........ 168, 178, 186

blandus................ 186

—— blandus ......evceeceaee 182

—— deinognathus .......... 182

deinognathus ........ 180, 183

—— elegans .............05, 186

CLEGANS cee cesvceccaee 181

gracilis ... ee. eee eee 186

GTACUS voce eee eens 182

jemineus ,...........0. 184

JEMINEUS vee eee ceeeees 181

mandibulatus .......... 186

mandibulatus .......60 181

—— pachygnathus .......... 182

—— pachygnathus .......... 180

—— patens .............05, 185

—— patenS see eevenee 181], 184

—— placidus.............00. 185

——- plactdus. .. ce ccccccnees 181

protarsalis............6. 183

protarsalis.......ceeeees 180

——-reductus .............. 183

TEAUCEUS. occ eee ee eee 180

FEMOtUS..... eee eee eee 185

TEMOLUS ove cece ce ewenee 181

—— simplicipes ..... peseeae 183

Page

Lyssomanes simplicipes........ 180

spinifer ......... 000. e ee 184

—— Spintfer oo. cceceecees .. 181

—— spiralis ..............6. 183

—— spiralis ......00. ees 180, 184

——- trifurcatus ............ 184

—— trifurcatus.. 181, 182, 185, 186

——_ viridans... cece eeeeeee 179

VITIAIS vec ecceecvenceee 179

MACROPHYES .......-..0-0- 106

Macrophyes .......44. 94, 104, 105

attenuata ..........0005 106

Macrothele ... 00.0 cece ccc ees 37

Aightata . oc... cece eeeeee 37

MABVIA 2... cece eee eee ee 302

COTONIQETA 6. eee eee eee 802

Mahadeva .... cece ee eeaee 481

VETTUCOSA seve eevees 481, 482

Mahadiva oo. ccc cc cece ee 481

reticulata ....cseveveees 482

undecim-variolata ...... 483

MAJELLA oo... cece eee eee 164

Majella wi. ccc cece cceceeeees 165

affinis .........-. eee 165

AffiNts oo vee cee 164, 165

spinigera ......-..+-05- 165

Mallos wv cccccvccccvecvcves 358

MUVEUS vv eeerecvacceees 358

MANGORA ....... eee e ee eees 477

Mangora ...reeeees 453, 455, 456

bimaculata ............ 479

bimaculata i.e e cece eee 478

—— calcarifera...........4.. 479

calearifera ........ 478, 480

mobilis ........-0..008+ 479

MObIis sever seeeees 478, 480

PASSIVE .ovvesecereveees 478

—— picta 0... eee eee eee 479

pela viereeraee 477, 478, 480

—— spinula .........-..565- 480

SPINUlA ... se ee eeaes 478, 479

trilineata ....... ce renee 480

trilineata wo. ccc e ee eee 478

Marengo . cece rcrcvcneecees 168

Maroussa oc cece e ccc eeveee 179

antillanus 6.6... cceveeee 179

MARPISSA 1.00... ee eee ee ees 248

Marpissa .. 247, 249, 251, 252, 253

familiaris .........000005 250

—— familiaris ...ccerreveees 249

—— MAQNA oo. ee eee eeeeeeee 250

MAGNA wiveeresccvveees 249

—— melanognatha ...... .... 250

melanognatha ...... 248, 249

INDEX.

Page

Marpissa melanura .......... 251

—— MeElANUTA we vivecreces .. 249

——— MINOF oe cseeeveeeees .. 250

—— MNO seevercserevoeee 249

———_ MUSCOSH vse veveues 248, 252

MARPISSER oc. ceeeceeeeeeee 247

Marptusa ........ ce eeee 247, 248

familiaris ....0ee cee. ».. 250

MAGNA oscsvceveveves .. 250

melanognatha ....+.008- 250

Marptuse@ ...... wee eens 178, 247

MARTELLA ....eseeeeeseree L174

Martella ..s.cseeee 168, 172, 175

lineatipes ....-...e+eee 175

lineatipes ........ vesees 174

pottsi .... eee esse eee 174

MARXIA ... ce eee ec eee ee eee 480

MArxtd voc cevcvcvevenes 455, 456

NOBUS wore cv ceceeenes 481

stellata .... 0... cece eee 481

SLCLIALA wo cece cere ene 480

MAZAX woe cece ee cece eee eee 82

MazdE cevicsccvcrvecaee ».. 80

plana woe. eee eee eee 83

—— SPINOSA .... eee eee ee eee 83

Os 82

MECOSTETHI ........0-005- 548

MECYNOMETA .......000000- 443

Mecynometa .........005 437, 444

globosa .... 6. eee ee ee ees 443

MEGALOSTRATA ....eeeeeree 62

—— depicta .........eeeeeee 63

—— formidabilis ............ 63

——mordicans ...... ceeeee 63

venifica......... cee eee 68

VENICE occ evecvecncnces 62

Melanophora ....ccccccevcses 57

Melodeus ........+45: see. 8, 88

Melpomene ..cservevvevceees 3384

ELEGANS ws vvevervves 334, 336

Memnon .. ccc ccvcccceceecees 100

PCVAGTANS ...seveees 100, 101

Menalippe .... ccc ceecceceees 92

——- punctigera .irceceveees 92

Menemerus vs ccsvcvcvececes 241

Bicolor ics ee ee eccceee 241

—— fANN@ ve cvccceccvenes 241

melanognathus ......000+ 250

paykullt vevccvveccenee 240

semilimbatus ....0+.0ee 241

MERMESSUS .......0 see eeeee 424

dentiger .......ee ee eee 425

—— dentiger .....ceeseeees 424

Mesopneustes .....+..005. oe... 892

nigrovittata ...... Se ceee 392

MESSUA 01... eee ese eee cece 299

| —— digitatus

Page

Messua desidiosa ..........++- 299

META... cece cc eens ceceeeens 446

0 C7 427, 487,

488, 443, 444, 453

alboguttata ...... eee’ 446

ALGENECH wicecvvcveenes 442

ATGYTA vivcvcvreceveves 438

—— brevipes ... 6... cece neces 445

decolorata ...... cee cece 446

SLAVE voce rcccvencncees 445

JUBCH Loe vce e eens 444, 446

GlODOSA voce cere eee eenee 443

—— pravida..... ccc cece ees 446

——_ menardt ...sevvseeeees 446

SUPETANS 1. eevee sereaee 445

Metabus .... vce cece cece renee 446

GTAVIAUS eve seeecenes 446

METACONOMMA .......-- 00 576

Metaconomma ..........008. 575

femorale ...........44- 576

METACYNORTA ..........006: 554

Metacynorta .... 0... c eee ee 550

gracilipes .........-.665 554.

METACYRBA ...........0005 252

Metacyrba ........0.505. 248, 251

teeniola ..... Deeb eee 252

METAFECENIA .........-0065 358

—— albolineata ............ 357

albolineata .........4. 356

METAGONIA............-005: 370

Metagonta ..... 6. eee eeee 365

—— bifida ......... cece eee 370

—— caudata.............06. 370

METAPACHYLUS ............ 574

Metapachylus ......... 0005. 573

gracilis .............04- 574

METAPHIDIPPUS ............ 258

Metaphidippus ...... 258, 287, 297

apicalis .............06. 265

apicalis ........5.4. 259, 261

bicavatus .............. 270

—— bicavatus .......... 261, 264

bicuspidatus............ 269

—— bicuspidatus ............ 260

—— hbispinosus...... beeen ees 266

bispinosus ........-- 259, 261-

capitatus ...........56. 272.

—— capitatus .......... 260, 262

—centralis .............. 269

centraligs .......55. 260, 262

—— CUPTEUS oe eee eee eee eee 270

CUPTEUS woe evens enbas's ete 261

dentiger.............06. 264

—— Mentiyer oo... cc vvvvcvees 259

—— digitatus ...0........6, 269

dg faces eebas 260

600

Page

Metaphidippus dubitabilis .... 267

—— dubitabilis ..... 1... cee 262

—— expallidatus ............ 270

expallidatus ........0008 261

es (:) | >. a 273

PUL vice cc ccnenes 260, 264

—— flavolineatus............ 268

—— flavolineatus ... 0.000000. 260

furcatuS .......... eee 267

Furcatus .... cece cece 260

—— furcillatus ............ 267

Surcillatus ..... cece eee 260

—— globosus .............. 265

GlobOsUs . 6.6 cece eens 259

—— hondurensis ............ 272

—— hondurensis ........ 260, 262

—— inflatus .............04. 271

INflATUS . reece eee eee 262

iridescens ...........005 271

—— 171d e8cenS 6... eee eee 262

—— letabilis .............. 267

—— letabilis .......... 259, 260

—— lanceolatus ............ 266

—— lanceolatus .. 259, 267, 268

—— levispinus.............. 267

Levispinus . 6... eee eenes 259

longipalpus ............ 264

longipalpus ..........6. 259

mandibulatus .......... 262

mandibulatus .......64. 258

—— maxillosus ............ 265

mMaxulosus ..... ce eeee 259

—— MOMUS .............4.. 271

——— MOMUS 1... reece eee 262

—— nigropictus ............ 269

MUGVOPUClUS 1... ce sevveee 260

—— nitidus ................ 263

: MUAUS Lecce eer e eee enee 258

—— nubilus ................ 272

—— NUDUUS oe cece ceune 262

ochraceus .............. 272

—— ochraceus ....... 00.00. 262

—— octonotatus ............ 263

—— octonotatus ........ 258, 261

—— OvatUS .... see ee scene 271

—— OVAEUS Lecce eee 262

—— pallens ................ 272

pallens ....e ce eve ceeee 262

—— pallidatus .............. 270

—— palhidatus ....... 6... eee 261

PeIDIX ....... eee ee eee 264

—— PTMT veer ccercvcccnes 258

—— quadrinotatus .......... 271

— quadrinotatus ...... 262, 272

——retiarius .............. 272

: TELLATIUS oie ce cece scene 262

INDEX.

Page

Metaphidippus tridentatus .... 263

tridentatus ........ 258, 268

—— variegatus ..........5. 268

—— variegatus ........ 260, 261

—— vegetus ....... 6. eee ees 273

——— VEYELUS Leer erennenvenes 262

METARGYOPE ......0.e scene 451

Metargyope .....ceecveeenee 450

trifasciata ...........06- 451

METARGYRA «0... 06-00 eee eee 444

Metargyr@ .ivccccccccccees 438

—— debilis ..........-.--65 444

METARHAUCUS ......-00 00005 572

Metarhaucus .........06 550, 553

fUSCUS 2... ee cece ees 572

METATOBIAS ........0000008 161

Metatobias ........ 158, 159, 162

stellotdes 6... . cece ees 161

METAVONONES .......-.0000- 558

Metavonones ...... 60. c eevee 550

hispidus ...........045 553

METAZYGIA .... cc eee eee eee 501

Meetazygid oo. c cece cnn cena 456

eregalis .. 1... ee eee ee 501

—— wittfelde .............. 501

wittfeld@ oi... ccveceues 502

METEPEIRA .........000 eee 457

Metepetra 1... 0.66. evens 454, 456

incrassata ...........005 460

INCVASSALA 6 ieee eee 458

labyrinthea ............ 458

labyrinthea .... 457, 459, 460

—— spinipes..............., 459

SpINtpes .......5 457, 458, 460

—— uncata ........ eee ee, 459

UNCAA wi cveccccecsceee 458

METERGINUS vo... cece eae 568

Meterginus vicccccssceeceee 550

apicalis.............00, 569

—— AUCH vec ceevccaees 568

basalis .............00. 568

DasANS wi cee ceecscceece 569

dorsalis.............00. 569

AOrsalts vcs ccvvevcccees 568

forcipatus ............., 570

Forcipatus voce cececceee 568

tibialis ......... ee eee 569

Eebtalts vee ee eee eee 568

METINZE ook. cece cece eee 437

Metin® oii eeiccccccvccucues 413

METRIOPELMA ..........000. 32

Metriopelma ..........445. 18, 15

breyeri ............000. 33

— spinulosum ............ 33

SPINULOSUM oe eee ceees 545

Mettus ceeccccccccvcccunece 3899

Page

Mettus reclivis ........+5 399, 400

MIAGRAMMOPES ......+++00. 364

Miagrammopes ......+46+ 860, 361

alboguttatus........6.+. 365

alboguttatus ......eeeees 364

——lineatus .....eceeeeees 365

VimeatUs ..cciseevvcscees 364

—— mexicanus ........006- 364

thwaitestt ....cceeeeeeee 364

Micariaular oc cccevceeveees 81

GUGES overseen cceeee 81

MICARIINE Joe cee cece eee 80

A a 61

MICRATHENA .....0..eeeees 525

Micrathena ........ 122, 524, 540

bimucronata............ 538

—— bimucronata .......0000: 528

brevipes ........ee eee 531

brevipes ...... 526, 582, 537

— catenulata ..........4-. 538

Catenulata .vevesevenee 528

——— clypeata vvisevevcaeees 525

COPMIQETA .... eee e ween 532

——— COTNUGENA vs vvvvcaceveves 526

—— 12-spinosa ............ 535

—— ]2-spinosa .. 527, 584, 538

fericula ......... eee e eee 539

Perteuld ove c ccc cnveves 528

—— furcula .............000. 539

——— fur cul vee ccccnvcecee 528

——gladiola .............. 537

gladiola . 528, 530, 535, 536, 588

gracilis ..........e ce ee 528

—— gracilis .... 526, 527, 529, 531

granulata ..........006. 5382

GrANUlata voce vicvcvcaes 526

—— horrtda occ ccccncees 530

ineequalis ............6, 5385

—— inequalis .......... 527, 5384

longicauda .......+.... 530

longicauda .......saeee 526

—— mammillata ............ 529

mammullata ........ 527, 530

matronalis ........ 528, 529

—— mitrata............000, 538

MULAEA oer ec eecenee 528, 5389

—— obtusospina ............ 531

ODtUSOSPINA 1... .. cc ewes 528

—— parallela .............. 533

parallela ...... 526, 531, 532

—— patruelis .............. 533

—— patruelis .......... 526, 528

petersi ....... eee eee 539

—— quadriserrata .......... 53

—— quadriserrata .......... 527

—— reduviana.............. 539

Page

Micrathena rugosa ........++ 529

sagittata ......... eae. 536

—— sagittata .. 526, 528, 537, 539

—— schreibersi ............ 536

schreibersi .... 527,531, 539

—— 8edeS ... ese eee ceeee 540

—— serrata ....... eee ee eee 584

—— SCTTALH Lice cccvvcvaees 527

—— spinulata .............. 530

spinulata ..... o.... 527, 538

striata... cece ee ee ee eee 5380

SUPVAEA cece ceecreveees 527

subspinosa ............ 535

SUDSPINOSA oe eee eee ees 527

1), a 539

triserrata ...........0-- 5384

—— triserrata oo... cece ee eae 527

—— uncata ........... ee eee 533

——— UNCAEA Lecce rcceceees 526

VitIOSA 6... ee eee eee 532

UUELOSA ove cece ceeeees 526

Microctenus curvipes ....+4.. 112

humilis oo... eee ee eee 118

MICROMERYS .........0000- 370

Micromerys ....eccceeceeeee 365

delicatus ...........00. 370

GTACUS Lo. cece e ec ceeee 370

Micrommata setulosa .......+. 121

VIPESCENS er cvveeececees 122

Microneta ... cc cece eee ee ees 416

MIMETIDH ... we eee eee ee eee 409

Mimetid@ . 6. ccc ccc ccc ceees 544

MIMETINEA ..,.. eee eee 409

MIMETUS ....--.e sees eeee 409

bigibbosus ............ 410

crudeligs ........5000ee 410

hirsutus ..........0 00s 411

Aarsutus occ eevee ee eee 410

TAPAX cece eee eeceeecee 410

syllepSiCus .. 6... ees eeee 409

—— trituberculatus.......... 410

trituberculatus .......06. 411

MIRANDA ..ceeececreeeeeees 452

Miranda vevcccevccccvenvce 450

bruennichit ......+. 451, 452

cophinaria .......+.65- 452

COPRINATIA vse e seen 451

GOUMANT «eee ereeeeees 452

——— per80ONAlA 6... eevee 452

transalpina ......eeeees 452

MISUMENA ....e ee eee eeeees 141

Misumena...... 134, 135, 186, 146

americanad,..... 141, 144, 145

ASPCTALA oe see veeeeeees 144

CONJUNCEA ......446- 141, 144

COMSUCLE ween eee renee 146

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Arachn.

INDEX.

Page

Misumena dubia ........065. 145

GJOOTYIANA wivceeeieeeeee 144

GTACMS vice e cece ceceeee 145

maculisparsa .......... 141

——— MEXICANA «1.6... eee ee 145

—— Modesta ..... cree ences 146

Li, a 145

—— pallens ........ 141, 144, 145

PAlida ..ccescvevevenee 148

PATlICEPS 6... cree eee 143

Pascalts vc. cceceeee 141, 144

TOSEH vo eee ccceveccveues 141

—— SPUNOSH eee ceccacvee 144

—— splendens .............. 145

VANE vice ee cece eee 128, 141

MISUMENIN® .............. 188

Misumeniné 1.0.6... cece eee 129

MISUMENOIDES.............. 136

Misumenoides .........0000 134

annulipes .............. 140

ENNUNIPES . 1. ee cee ee eee 137

—— blandus................ 139

—— blundus ...........0004. 138

bifissus ... 2... eee 140

bifissus 2... eee eee eee 137

—— depressus .............. 139

depressus .......... 137, 188

uteus ... cece ee eee 138

—— magnus................ 140

—— magnus .... 186, 137, 188, 139

—— parvus .............0.. 140

PATVUS woe ce eee eee 187, 188

propingquus .........06, 188

TUGOSUS ......- eee eee 139

—— TUGJOSUS oo. ee eee eee eee 1388

sagittatus ......... 6... 188

—— signatus .......... 156, 188

—— tibialis ................ 139

—— tibialis ........0.., 137, 1388

vigillangs .............. 189

VIG<ULANS eve vecevenee 138

MISUMENOPS .............. 141

Misumenops ........ 184, 135, 143

americanus ............ 144

americanus ........ 142, 145

brevispinus .........44. 142

—— consuetus .............. 146

—— damnosus .............. 148

AAMNOSUS . 16... ee eee 142

—— dubius ................ 145

GUBWUS wore ese cece eee 142

Jeorguanus ........ 142, 143

gracilis 6... ...... 0.00. 145

—— maculisparsus .......... 141

—— mexicanus............., 145

—— modestus .............. 146

Aran. & Opil., Vol. 11., January 1908.

Page

Misumenops pascalis ........ 144

PABCBUEB 6 oe cs Ae dk ais 142

$s PIOBPOP ve es Se deed e's 143

PVOSPE? vice ccceeeeeees 142

TOSEUS. Loe cece eee eeeees 143

Spinosus ...........+4- 144

SPINOSUS. ere neces 142, 143

spiralis .............4-. 142

—— Spr alts... cee aa 141, 148

splendens .............. 145

volutus ......6.....0005 142

VOWUEUS 66. eee e eee eee 143

Mitraceras ..... 6c ce cece 574

Mopismmus ................ 366

Modisimus ..... 00.0 365

GlAUCUS 66. eee cece eee 366

inornatus .............. 367

—— maculatipes ............ 367

propinquus ............ 367

—— putus.............0000, 368

PUtUs creer eee re cece 367

Mutinad woe. 540

MYGALARACHNE ............ 41

—— brevipes .............. 4]

Mygale emilia ....... 0044. 19

GUlANENSIS ... ee eee 38

MYGALOMORPH®............ 1,4

Mygalomorphe .............. 542

Myrmecia nigra.............. 84

Myrmeciophila atkinsontt...... 4

MYRMECOTYPUS ............ 88

Myrmecotypus ........ eee. 80

— dubius ................ 84

fuliginosus ............ 84.

Suliginosus...........64. 83

pilosus ................ 84

NAGAINA ...........000000. 297

incunda ...........-4. 298

MCUNAA 6.6... cee eee 297

NEOCTENIZA ......-...0..008 6

NeoctentZa 6... cece eee eee 5

mexicana ...........06. 7

Sclatert . 0... cee eee 6, 7

NEORHAUCUS .............. 572

Neorhaucus ....... cece ee eae 550

aurolineatus............ 572

NEOSCONA......... 00 eee eee 466

Neoscond «0... 6. eevee 454, 457

amulensis.............. 472

AMUIENSIS 6... cece eee 467

arabesca ........ee.00- 472

arabeseca.... 466, 467, 468, 471

benjamina .......... .. 470

—— benjamina ...... 467 468, 473

CODUGED 6.65 ose ek penn ee 469

602

Page

Neoscona conifera. 467, 468, 470, 471

——cooksoni ........-+.65- 473

cooksoni.... 466, 467, 469, 471

Minima ........ eee eee 471

—— minima........ 467, 468, 472

—— OAXACENSIS........00e eee 468

OAXLACENSIB... 16.605 466, 467,

469, 470, 471, 473

orizabensis ............ 473

OVIZADENSIB. 26. ee eee ee 468

—— theis .... ccc ccse ee eeeee 470

—— HES oo eee eceneee 466, 467,

468, 469, 471, 472

trivittata ...... 470, 471, 472

vertebrata .. 466, 468, 469, 473

—— volucripes.......0..00-. 473

volucripes ...... 468, 471, 474

—— vUIGATIS Lo ccc e ee eee 474.

NEOSCONELLA ..........0005 A74

Neosconella. .... 6. ccc eee 454, 456

expleta ....... 0.000 eee 476

CLPlEA wevsevevcccncees 475

—— guttata ..........- 0 eee 477

—— uttata veer ccccccccaes 475

—— habilis ................ 477

——habilis wo. cece 475

—— lineatipes .............. 476

lineatipes ........4. 474, 475

—— solersioides ............ 475

solerstoides.... 6... ce eee 474

styligera 6.6... eee eee 475

StYGerA ii cece cece 474

Neothereutes ..... 0.00 cee aes 349

AArwint oo eee 349

NEPHILA ..........00 00a ee 448

Nephila ........ 361, 372, 401, 449

—— clavipes................ 448

CLAVIPES oe ec ees 449

CONCOLOF . 6... eee eee 448

COTNUEA oe ee es 449

maculata... .. cee ee eee 448

—— plumipes ... 0... ee ceeee 448

VESEUA Lecce eee eens 452

—— wildert ..... 6. cee 448, 449

—— WISEATUANA. . 6. eves 448, 449

NEPHILINE ........0 0000 eee 448

Nephilin@ wo. cece cvvvveccces 413

NERIENE .......-.00 0000 0ee 416

Neriene oo... cece ce aes 417, 420

bifasciata ..........006. 420

—— bifasciata .......... 417, 418

clathrata .......... 416, 417

—— CONVEXA. eee eee eee 419

——- CONVENT 6. ee eee nee 418

—— duplicata .............. 418

—— duplicdta ...sesssveveee 417

INDEX.

Page

Neriene emarginata .......... 419

CMATYINALA vives reveees 418

——— furtivd voice cere ceceees 419

gamma .......---+ 080s 419

GAMMA wiv cevecerereees 417

—— lambda ...........-+05: 419

lambda ..... ce eves 418, 420

—— limbata ..........0 0 ee 420

Vimbata . 6. cc eee 417

—— linguatula...........065 420

—— linguatula . 6... crise vere 417

longispina..........00+5 418

longispina ...... 417,419, 420

MATGINAED . cece ver eees 416

—— nigrita ......... eee eee 419

—— NIQTUA ccc cvncenee 418

—— pallida ............-06, 419

—— pallida... icc eve veces 417

simplicata ...........06. 418

simplicata . 6... cee cee 417

trifalcata ... 0.0... ee eee 418

trifaleata ... 1... cece ee 417

A) 43

COCCINEA 66... cece eee 43

GlAUca eee eee 43

OCHYROCERA ..........0005 45

AYUCUUNA . ee eee ee 45

SIMOML ......... ee eee 45

Ocypete brunneiceps .......... 121

ATVACO .. eee eee ee 121

SOrTUGINEA Leen 126

MUIUMNG Coie cc eveecenes 121

TL rr 121

Odo leis ....... 0.0... 00, 545

Cicobius 6... ee ees 352

Olios oo. ee ce eee 122

antillanus ..... 6c. eee 121

columbianus ....... 0008. 121

CYTONEUS. 0.6 cece cee 124

CLASPCTANS oe eevee eee 124

—— gabonensis ............6. 121

JOVENSIS Wee cence 121

eucostus ose se eeec eevee 121

luctuosus .............. 546

MaMfestUS... 6... cc eeeee 125

PEWS ec ccce renee 121

SAQUS Coe c ccc e eee 126

Setulosus .... cece 121

SPONGIEANSUS . 0... cece 122

ZOMALUS 6. ee cee eee 121

Omosites... eee 52

ONOCOLUS ......... 0. e ee eee 160

Onocolus..... 6... cee 158, 161

compactilis ..... cease 160

~——— echinatus ........ceeeee 160

Page

Onocolus pentagonus ........ 160

SEOIZMANNE. . eee evens 160

OONOPIDH . 1... ee eee eee eee 44

Oonoprde@ ....e cece cece cence 542

Oonops 1.6... eee ce eee ees 44

Oy a 438

lugenS ....... ee eee 438, 442

MOPENS v6. ere ce cece 44]

Opilio ischionotatus .......... 585

OPILIONES..... cee n eee sees 546

OPISTHOTHELH ............ 1

Oreoneta rudis . 6... cee eee ee 416

Orithyia williamsit ........0. 862

Oxyopedon ...... cece vec eines 346

OXYOPEIDON............004. 346

Oxyoperdon ........ 339, 341, 348

difficile .............0.. 348

difficile 6... cece cee 347

facile... cece eee 346, 349

flebile ................ 347

Plebile cece cece eee 346

—letum ................ 347

—— la@tum. 0... ccc eee 348

—— molestum .............. 348

MoOlestUM weevsscvenvace 347

putum ............606. 347

PUtUM Leer rercvcvcuce 346

subfacile .............. 348

subfacile. 6... cece eens 347

OXYOPES ..........0 esse eee 341

OXYOPES voce cece cnnes 339, 346

acutuS ......... 00. e eee 346

ACULUS Lee eee cee ee .. 042

—— annulipes .............. 345

bifidus ............006- 344

OUfidUS oo cee ce cc ceceeee 341

—— bifissus .......... “eee eee 344

Dtfissus 6... eee eee 841, 342

brunneus ...... bev eeeee 346,

—— brunneus ... cece ec caee 342

— calcarifer .............. 344

calearyfer oo. ccc seeeees 341

— clypeatus .............. 345

clypeatus 6.6. .eeeeeeeeee 342

COMMULUS 2... eee eee 343

COTNULUS vic veececeees 341

-—— flavus ............000. 346

JMAVUS cece ccna 842

—— globosus .............. 343:

Globosus 6... cee 341, 342

gracilis ...........0.00. 342

—— gracilis........ 841, 348, 345

heterophthalmus ........ 34]

lingulifer .............. 345

— lingulifer ........ eceree 342

Page

Oxyopes salticus ........ 342, 343

tibialis ........ Opes te Sass 344

—— tibialis ............ 341, 345

—— transversus ........ wee. 346

CLANSVETSUS occa eeeeces 342

tricuspidatus .......... 343

tricuspidatus ...s...+. ».. d41

OXYOPIDH oo... eset eee ee 338

OxyoPde® wivcecsecsevace ... 544

OXYPTILA .... eee eee eee 148

Oxyptila.... 128, 134, 135, 136, 146

brevipes .......... .. 148, 149

Pachomius dybowski .......4.. 239

JUAVESCENS Wo vveecrccnces 239

Pachygnatha ... ccc cece ceeee 436

PACHYLOMEREH ............ 8

Pachylomere@ ......ececeee. 7

PACHYLOMERUS ....,....... 8

—— nidulans ......ececeeee 8

pustulosus............4. 8

TUQOSUS coe sesereceveees 9

—— zebrinus .............. 9

Pachyloscelis robustus ........ 6

Pachylus .ieccse ccc cceecee 573

PALPINIDE .......0e sec eeee 577

Palpintd@ vivccvvvvcccvevces 549

PALPINUS 1... sce ee eevee 577

levis . 6... ee eee eee ee eee 577

Paphlagon ....ccccevccceeees 541

Deatus vee cee ceeseveoes 541

PARADAMCETAS..........004. 177

Paradamectas .... 0.00005. 168, 176

formicina .............. 177

PARAMARPISSA ......-+ eee eee 252

Paramarpissa .....6..5.. 248, 251

tibialis ........ eee ee eee 252

PARAMITRACERAS ........6. 575

Paramitraceras ....ceecceveee 574

—— granulatus.............. 575

granulatus......0+4. 576, 577

hispidulus...........045 576

—— hispidulus 6.0... 00. ccuee 575

PARAPHIDIPPUS ........-... 2738

Paraphidippus .......... 254, 258,

274, 280, 287

ASINATIUS wo ecaveeeeves 275

AUTEUS oo eee e eee eee ees 279

ma CUPEUS ore e ences entre ces 275

Chrysis ....--0 ee eeeeees 276

CAIY8IS oes even eens 274, 275,

277, 278, 301

—— disjunctus............+- 277

—— disjunctus...... 274, 275, 278

Papta lig: occ ew no co oie tan oes 278

——— fartilis orc ceerrcvveenns 275

INDEX.

Page

Paraphidippus funebris ...... 275

Sunebris veeeeess 274, 276

—— ImerMiS .......... ee eee 275

INETIMS vr ceeveceseces .. 274

laniipes .......eeeeeeees 275

TANt1peS vi vccsvveeee 2738, 274

limbatus ,........0.- .. 278

Vimbatus oie ceceecavves 274

—— luteus ...c.ccseeeeeeee 278

LUteUS. ocean cn ees . 274

—— marmoratus .........6.. 277

marmoratus ...+.+.. 275, 278

—— MEXICANUS, .. esse eevee 279

———— MELICANUS . ev cevescveves 275

Militaris ..... ee eee eee 279

MUEATIS vs cecevaee 274, 275

— multicolor.............. 278

—— multicolor ....esecvees .. 275

nigropilosus ..........6- 279

NUGVOPUOSUS . 1. cee eeevee 274

— tricolor .............00. 279

EVICOLOY vv eeveceeeee vee. 278

trimaculatus..........+. 278

trimaculatus ......66.00e 274

PARAPHYSA .ececseceeeeeees 27

Paraphysa vii cccccercccecces 14

manicata ........e ee eee 27

MANICATA wes ceeeee wees. 28

PARARHAUCUS....... cee eee 572

Pararhaucus vcr cccvccceveves 550

ObscuruSs ...+-.. scence 572

PARASTEPHANOPS ......005: 163

Parastephanops......++.. 156, 162

—— cognatus ...........06- 163

PARASYNEMA .........00005 158

Parasynema oo... cece eee 135

adustum ........0 ee eee 153

CLITIPES 21... cece ee ee eee 153

PARATOBIAS ......0.eee eevee 162

Paratodeas ....cvvceveves 158, 161

championi...........00. 162

PARAVONONES ......eeee0e0e 550

biserratus .........0000 551

—— biserratus .........ee eee 550

claviger....... cece ee eee 552

CIAVIGEr voce ee eee 551

—— compressus .........+..- 552

—— COMPYPESSUS. 1.1... oe 551, 553

—— incrassatus ............ 5538

—— incrassatuS ........000 551

—— quadratus ............-. 551

quadratus ..... eee eens 552

PARAWIXIA 2... cece eee eee 487

Parawixta 0.0... cece 455, 457

armata ........ eee ewes 489

APMNALA vivercccvcevncas 488

Page

Parawixia destricta ........-. -488

— destricta ...... 487, 490, 491

guatemalensis .........- 489

— guatemalensis ........+-. 488

—— hamata .............54- 489

hamata occ cece eee 488

—— honesta .............065 490

A 488

—— hoxewa ...........0005- 490

hOLEM oe eee eee 488

—— hypocrita .............. 489

—— Aypocrtta vi... cece rnees 488

——rigida........... cece 49]

—— FIGiAA. eee eens 488

tredecim-notata ........ 490

tredecim-notata .. 488, 491

PARDESSUS .........000 eee 221

Pardessus ... 0. ccc ec ceeee 188

gratiosus ......... 00 06- 221

GTATOSUS weve cece ceca 222

Mimicus.............0-- 221

PARDOSA .... cece eee eee 315

Pardosa oo... ccc cee 314

accurata....... 6. eee eee 3822

ACCUTALA wee 317

bellona ............000. 322

bellona ..... cece eee 317

canalig ............000- 821

CANAUS 6. ccc cece cece eee 317

falcifera...........00085 318

— falcifera .........-. 315, 316

—— faleula ................ 320

—— faloula ... 0. ce eee eens 316

—— flavipalpis.............. 319

flavipalpis ........ 315, 317

—hamifera .............. 320

—— hamifera .........0646, 316

lineata ..... 0.0... eee 321

—— lineata wi. eeeccececeaee 317

linguata.............00- 320

—— linguata ... cc cececcvcnas 316

— longivulva.............. 318

longivulva ........4. 315, 316

—— medialis...............0. 322

—— medialis... 0... ccc eee 317

milvina ............005. 322

MIUVINGA oo. cece 317

—— plagula ................ 321

plagula ..... cee ee eeee . 817

prolifica..............4, 317

prolifica .. 315,316, 318, 319

— sabulosa................ 322

SADUlOSA. eee eee eee 317

StriatipeS 6.6... ee ee sees 315

—uneatula .............. 319

— unceatula .......... 316, 318

604

Page

Pardosa unguifera.....+..++-- 320

—— UNGguIferA Liveereees 316, 317

PARNAINUS weeeeeeeeceeenes 287

PATNA@NUS 6 occ cece ween. 254

cuspidatus.......+++++0- 288

— cyanidens ............6. 288

CYANIAENS o 6. eee eeenee 287

—— fimbriatus ............-. 288

Jimbriatus 66... ee cece 287

PASUREA cic icc cece ee nnees 339

VITUS vec ace cc rnnee 339

Ped vic eiccccceccccceeeues 81

lachrymosus ......0.000% 82

——— OFNALUS Lover r ec nc ences 81

——— PIOVANS wove er ecccceees 81

—— plumosus .... ccc eveenee 81

PELAYO occ ccc c eects 107

PelayO wee ccccccccccvvcee 94, 100

leotus .... eee ee eee eee 107

Pella fasctata oi. cc cece eens 4]

Pellenes plactdus .....6..005. 3803

SUMPlEL wo ccccrvceveees 308

PENSACOLA .eeee eee ee ences 220

Pensacola vivvvcccevcsevenes 188

VAdIANS 1... 2s eee ee eee 220

Signata ..... ese e eee eee 220

sylvestris ..........005- 220

Perissoblemma ........00000% 312

approximatum ...... .... 818

thomisiforme....... ce. 312

PEUCETIA 1... eee ee eee eee 339

Peucetia ........ 338, 340, 341, 346

bibranchiata............ 340

—— bibranchiata .......6..4. 339

longipalpis ............ 340

longipalpis ...... seve 339

—— quadrilineata .......... 340

—— thalassina ....... 00 cee 340

VOUS voce cence eens 339

PHALANGIIDE 22... 0.0.0.0 0e 578

PHALANGIINE .....2..000006 578

PHALANGIUM .......--0006. 579

Phalangium vicccccccceccuee 578

—acanthipes.............. 581

acanthipes........++ 579, 580

armigerum ..........., 579

armMigerUuM s..ceeee 580, 581

horridum ..........006- 580

horridum ..cccccseeeeee 579

—— maculatipes ............ 581

maculatipes ....... cues 579

OpPtltO vv cerevessvvaeees 579

spinigerum ............ 580

SPUNUWEYUM oer cverenee 579

PHANIAS ... ce eee e cece cece 251

INDEX.

Page

PRANIUAS Coc cece eee neas 248

flavostriatus.........+.- 251

Phiale gratvosus... cc cevevvees 221

PHIDIPPER woe cece e eee eee 253

Phidipppe® wi ccvcvveccccceees 178

PHIDIPPUS ws. ee eee eee ee ee 280

Phidippus ...... 241, 254, 273, 287

—~-albulatus ............-. 285

albulatus ...... 280, 281, 286

ATIZONENSIS ....ee.. eee 284

ATIZONENSIS 1. sees 280, 282

—— aureopilosus ............ 283

AUICOPLLOSUS 6... eee seas 282

—— bidentatus...........00. 286

—— bidentatus ......csceeeee 281

——brunneus ..,.........6- 285

brunneus ...... .... 281, 282

——— CAIMEUS .... eee eee eee 283

CAYNCUS oo ccc ece en ceee . 281

cruentus .....ee ee eee 284

CTUCNLUS cee eee 282

CYANIAENS . 1.666000. 287, 288

Aisjunctus v6... ec scenes 277

—— foveolatus...........+.. 288

foveolatus ... 6... eee ee 282

—— fulgidus..........e. eae 286

PUlgidus occ cv vcvccnes 282

—— funebris... ccc ccceceues 275

fuscipes ... 6... cae re. 301

—— FOOTE Le...s 285

JOO eve cccnnnnes 282

howardi...........0eeee 285

howardt... ccc cece eens 281

—— mexicanus ............ 286

—— MELICUNUS .. eee 281, 282

montivagus ............ 287

MONTVAGUS . oe eevee eeee 282

NUGrOPUOSUS . 6... se ceaee 279

NMUCNS eee cccnevcees 302

orichalceus visceceeceee 276

-—— tuberculatus............ 283

—— tuberculatus .... 280, 282, 284

VATIEGALUS Vee ec eee 280

Philaus chrysts ... 0. ccc ee 276

Sartilis .. 6... cece eee 278

limbatus oe... cee cee 278

LUteUS eee cece neces 278

MEXICUNUS oe cee ccceces 279

—— milttaris oo ce ce ccees 279

—— multicolor ..........005. 278

TUDEY vee ccc cee ee saccces 545

tremaculatus.........00. 278

Phillyra mammeata .......... 363

TUPATIA voce cece eee 863

PHILODROMINE ............ 129

PHILODROMUS ............., 131

Page

Philodromus .... 129,130, 182, 350

albicans........00..e eee 131

AUPCOLUS cece cece eee 131

decolor ......ece eevee 131

MACULALUYPES vo ereeereees 182

PHOLCIDE... 6. ee ee eee ceeee 865

Pholetd@........ Vee ee bebe ... 544

Pholeus borbonicus ....0c.ees 366

COTAALUS.. cece eee eee 371

COTTE voce cc cc ee ne eeees 366

GibbOSUs oo. vce cc crecacs 869

GlODOSUS occ eee eee eens 368

sisyphortdes......ceeceees 366

Phoneutria oculifera.....- 0.05 114

Phyllonethis ..ccecccecccenes 387

AAJACENS vsvesvaceveeee 390

CLEA. Lo ec eee ees 389, 3890

—— lineata .... cece eee 387

TEMUIMIUA ov eccevecaens 387

thorellit .. ccc cccccecvces 390

Phystola oo. cc cc cece cceeeeees 541

NUGTANS coc vcvvseveceees 541

PHYSOCYCLUS ........ eacees 368

Physocyclus vic. cc cceecceees 365

AUSESL ... ee eee eee e eee 369

—— EMUGESt rec ecevccaces 368

GODOSUS. oo cece ec eee eee 368

— globosus .............. 368

—— Gglob0sus ..... cee cece 369

mexicanus...........00. 369

——rotundus .............. 369

TOEUNAUS . 1... eee e eee 368

PIRATA cece cee ce cee eeceeee 3829

Prat ccc ccccccccvevcccees 315

— felix ............... os. 390

—— ptraticus os .eceeeeenee 329

PISAURIDH 10... ee cece eee 303

PtisQurid® ve ceeccvccaccvcces 544

PISTIUS 10... cee eee ee eee eres 136

PisttUus oc ceecceveceeee 1383, 185

EVUNCATUS Lo. cern ee cees 186

PLAGIOSTETHI .........-000- 578

Plagiostetht oo... cc cece ce aes 548

Plectana cancriformis ........ 525

Gladiola....... cc cece eee 537

GrACUIS oe ccc e eens 528

MACVACANEhA,. 6. seven 536

OL 2 rr 536

SCCLIAEE oo eee ccc eee 48]

tricuspidata ..... cece 540

PLESIOMETA .........00 00005 438

Plesiometaa ve. cee ccc ces 487, 444

AYLYTA Lecce cece eee 438

PLEXIPPUS ........eeeeeeee 302

—— @QUureus ..... cece ee. 277, 279

MIUMICUS sce ec cece eee 221

Page

Pleaippus orichalceus.......... 276

PUCTPETUS Coc ecevaccvces 247

seladonicus........005 2. 277

—— teniatus ........0... .. 302

ee DPUCOLOR 2 Ss onc oa ve wes 279

POCOBLETUS.............00. 426

—— coroniger ........445. .. 426

mexicanus ............ 426

Podophthalmus .........0.00. 35

PQCILAMA ..........0 cece, 570

Peecilema ....... 0. cc cece. 550

rastellifera ............ 571

rastelliferd ........604. 567

UfIAVUM vo eeeeeceveeee 570

Peecilochroa oo... ccc. e eee 56

POPH MUS 20.05 cee 162

APMATUS cee 162

Prionolema 6... cee 437

Prionostemma bicolor ........ 585

scintillans .............. 585

PRONOUS ......... 00000 eee 541

—— tuberculifer ............ 541

PROSTHESIMA ...........05. 57

Prosthestma oo... ccc cee 55

fidelis..............00.. 58

indecisa.............0.. 58

—— lutea ...............0.. 57

MEXICANA ........ eee 58

= MOsta ... eee cece cues 57

—— subterranea ............ 57

Protus. ccc ces 549

PRUSIAS... 0... cece cee ee ee 127

PYUSUAS Coc ec ees 120

nugalis ............004. 127

PsECHRIDH ...........00005 356

Psechrid@ occ ccc ccc ee 542

PRCORTUS oo cn co cee 352, 356

PSEUDOMETA..........000005 444

Pseudometa ..i cece cc cnnee 438

alboguttata ............ 446

alboguttata .........04. 445

brevipes ...........04. 445

—w— decolorata.............. 446

decolorata .... 0... ecu 445

flava coe. cee eee 445

ROWE Ooo cede cee 444

superans ...........-. 445

——— GUPETUNS 6. eee ere eens 444

——_ uncata .... cee ceceeee 445

UNCATA verve cececvveaee 444

Pseudopelma bicarinatum ...... 32

PSEUDOSPARIANTHINE ...... 119

PSEUDOSPARIANTHIS ........ 119

ee 119

ets VARIQUIUS csp esvecucuses 119

INDEX.

Page

RAMNES ..... 0... eee soa E87

RAMNES occ cece cece cues 120

—— semotus............ woe. 127

Rhane Munda ..vvccccvccees 291

RANI eee eee c nnn wanes 289

RHAUCUS 2... ee cee cee ee eee 572

RAAUCUS.. eee eee beeen eb daa 550

VUINETAEUS oe eee nee 572

RHOMPHEA ......... 0. eee 406

Rhomphea...... 374, 398, 401, 407

bifissa 2... 0... eee eee 407

DUfissd voce cece eee unee 406

COMELES Loc cece eevee -.. 406

furcata ....... ce cece eee 407

—— FUN CUA Lover vrccvceees 406

PLOCETA 1... eee eee eee 407

———— PYOCETA oo. cccececenes 406

—— projiciens .............. 407

PVOJUCUENS 6... cvvacoaee 406

Rubrius Mordax vscvvscsevas 354.

RUDRA oo. cece e eee eee eee 254

Rudra vecvccccccnvaces 2538, 256

geniculata............6- 255

gentculata vc cevcvevcaes 254

—— polita..... cc see c eee eee 255

RUNCINIA oo. ce ccc eee ee eee 140

Runeinta veevvsevvevees 134, 135

ANNUNUPES voc ceeccvceves 140

a 139, 140

ACPVeSSA ove ecervvveees 139

OL 140

lateralis... icccccevecees 140

——— LUBED vc ccccncrcuseceees 139

MAGNA veccesccccaceves 140

A 140

Propn~ngqua ..... tees aaa 140

TPUGJOSH vevccvercecveves 139

SAGULALA eee e eee anes 139

SUGNALA vec ecccvcvecuces 140

—— tibialis ... cece cece eee 139

—— VIG“IANS 6 eee cece 189

Sadala vie cece cece cc cecuee 299

Aistincha oe eee cee 299

—— UJIENS Lecce ccnveees 124

SUMONIE vecceccceccccces 124.

SALGSSIA oo ec cee ee ees 499

tricuspts..........45 499, 500

Salassina ...... 455, 456, 499, 500

erassicauda ........ 499, 500

SALTICIDH ....... cece eee 166

Saltictd@ ....c cece ecuee 543, 546

SALTICINA .......e ee eee eee 177

Salticin@ 1... ccc ee cece cee 167

Salttcus oo. cc cece cece neces 172

UUTANTUS oo ccc cevevccae 301

Page

Salticus centralis ...csvvveus ei

formicarius so... cece 172

—— limbatus «0... 6c cece. 301

—— melanognathus .......+4. 250

—— nigrolimbatus .......05. 250

——— SCENICUS Lecce eens 172

patllante ee ee es 240

Santaremia oo... cece eee 27

SQrinda occ ccc cece ee eee 168

Sarotes regis ... cc caee aes 121

Satricum orev cccccccecceees 353

gnaphosordes ..........65 354

SCHIZOPELMA ............0. 28

Schizopelma 1... 0c. eee vee 14, 29

bicarinatum ............ 28

bicarinatum oo... 6. ee cas 29

—— macropus ...........0.. 29

—— MACTOPUS vii ieecveeeees 28

SCOLODERUS...... eee ee ee aes 520

Scoloderus ......ceecevcenees 510

americanus ............ 521

QMEVICANUS 6. ee eee eee 520

COTAAUS. 6. ee cece eee 520

—— gibber ............000- 521

—— nigriceps ..........000. 521

tuberculiferus .......... 521

SCOTOPHEUS. .. cee cece eee 58

Scotophaus..... cece veceveees 55

— blackwallt ..... 6.6.0 eee 58

—— guatemalensis .......... 58

pictus 2... .. ee eee ee eee 59

PUCEUS. Lecce cece neeenee 58

quadripunctatus ........ 58

SCYTODES ....... cece ee eee 50

Scytodes ... cesses ceeee 48, 51, 52

—-bajula ........... 000 51

—— championl.............. 51

—— championt ..... 6. ce eee 50

fusca ..... cee eee eee 545

—— hebraica ............ .. OL

Ahebravcd... cece ceeeas . 60

—— lineatipes ..........000e 51

—— longipes ......eeeeeeee 51

VONGUPES woe vccevvreees 50, 52

——— MALMOPAA vevceverevee 51

—— mexicana ........4.. 1. 62

OMOSUES. . 6. ccs vveeees 51, 52

perfecta..........eeeeee 52

TUFESCENS ...cesseeveees 52

—— rufipes ....46.4. eeediae 51, 52

taczanowskit ......e0000. 51

—— thoractca oc evccaeeeces 50

SCYTODIDE 1... cc cece eee 48

Scytodid@ ........e00e .. 544, 545

SCvTODINM 2.0... ese eas 49

Begestrite.. ice SEs 53

606

Page

Segestria canities .....+eseres 53

SEGESTRIINZE wp esses ceeeeee 42

SELENOPIDZ..... eewa eves ees 115

Selenopid@ ... 1.44 SO ade sicle 543

SELENOPS .....eeeeeeeeeeees 115

Selenops ...ecveccceveees 116, 117

homalosoma ....ececeeee 115

—— marginalis..........++6. 117

MATGINALS. vivseeeeeees 116

—— mexicanus ............ 117

MEXICANUS.. cc eceeececes 116

—— minutus ...e...e..-eaee 118

—— _ minutus......06 115, 116, 117

MOFOSUS....... see e eee 118

nigromaculatus ........ 117

nigromaculatus......0.0+ 116

TAMIALUS vv cece eeveees 115

SCMOSA oc ceccccccccececeess 168

SENOCULIDE ..... 0. cece ee eee 3849

Senoculide oo. cece ccccccccees 548

SENOCULUS ........0eeeeaee 3849

canaliculatus .......... 350

canaliculatus ......e00. 349

MAPONICUS ..-ceveeeerces 349

prolatus..........- oeee. 300

prolatus ..svsecevceeees 349

pUuUrpuUrTeUS .......0..006. 350

SERICOPELMA ........00.00- 15

Sericopelma .... 2,4, 18,14, 32, 44

breyert ..c cece cece eee 82, 33

—— communis.............. 15

—— panamana ............4. 16

rubronitens ............ 16

rubronitens .......e.005 15

SHIRA ..ccee cece eee ee ences 298

designata .............. 298

SICARTIINA. 6... cece cece 48

SICARIOIDES ..........00000. 49

SICATUOITES oo cece cece ences 48

rugosus ....... ee ee ccees 49

SUCATIUS Coc ccc cee eens 48, 49

thomisoides ........000, 49

SIDUSA ............ beeeeees 196

Sidusa.. 187,188, 197, 210, 219, 296

alacviS ..... cc cece ee eee 216

—— alacris ....... 0 640. 206, 208

—— albicincta .............. 215

albicincta........... 198, 199,

206, 208, 217, 218

——albida ................ 213

1 Le 202, 208

binotata............000. 219

binotata....... ec. ee 200, 208

brevispina.............. 217

brevispina ...... 199, 204, 208

circumcincta .......... 216

Sidusa circumeincta

—— conspecta

—— cristata

oor ec eer eo ee ete

creer rere eer eeee

.... 197, 198, 208, 214

198, 199,

206, 208, 219

213

— dentichelis .........+.+ 212

sear arenee 202, 208

—— excavata ....ccereeeees 219

cece ewes 201, 208

—— festiva ......ccceeeeeee 208

—— festiva 200, 201, 207,

209, 210, 211

— flavida .........0eee0ee 219

1 199, 204,

208, 215, 218

—— fulvoguttata ........+.- 214

fulvoguttata.... 205, 208, 219

Lecce eee ee eeees 196

——— IMEFMIS ........ eee ee eee 209

cece ec eeee 200, 208

wire eeceeerveseres 217

—— lutea oo ce cceccecaes 199, 208

——— MarMOLrea....... 6. eee 211

Lec ee eee 207, 208

—— maxillosa ............4. 210

201, 206, 208

cece eee eee tee 212

—— MINUEA oe ceeceecaee 202, 208

—— murcida........eseeeeee 214

be cnveeeaecs 205, 208

ccc e eee eeeeees 213

—— nigrina 202, 203, 208

—— nigriventer ............ 214

201, 207, 208

Doe eeveueeseue 212

cece eens 201, 208

ran 211

—— olivaced ..... ec ceees 202, 208

—— OPIMA oo... eee e ee eeeee 219

—— pallida .............0.. 211

—— pallida ........caee 203, 208

cece cece eee eees 215

—— parvuld ....... 6000s 217, 218

—— penicillata......... wees. 212

202, 203, 208

quadriguttata .......... 216

—— quadriguttata ., 204, 205, 208

bee ceaeercunes 210

.. 196, 200, 207, 208

re 217

—— spiralis ..... cece 199, 208

—— spirorbis .............. 214

—— spirorbis.......000.. 198, 208

—— sulphurea .............. 218

.. 200, 203, 208, 219

Page

Sidusa vittata .......-...... 213

—— vittata ........ 208, 208, 211

voluta .......0. eee eee. 218

voluta ....-60. 204, 208, 215

SidyM@ wivsvcvcccccveees wee. 159

SILLUS woe eee cece eee ee eee 102

Sills ec cceccvccee 93, 100, 104

attiQ“uUS.........eee eee 1038

ALEIGUUS.. 6. cece e eee 102, 104

—— curvispina...........08- 104

CUPVISPINE ec eecveeeee 103

longispina..........000 104

longispind oo. ese ceveeee 102

lunula ....... ee es bows 103

—— placens ............64.. 104

—— placens oo... vicevcvvaes 103

——— PUEUS oe eee cece eee . 103

—— PULUS cece ncene 102

SIMONELLA .....-eeeeee eens 169

Simonella ........4. 168, 170, 171

americaNa .............. 170

AMEVICANA . 1.664 ... 169,171

—-bicolor ................ 171

bicolor... ce eee eee 169, 170

—— decipiens .............. 171

—— decipiens .......... 169, 170

Singa flava ov eecccccecuees 518

LULA vee evvccceces «.... 518

——_ MOesta ....c cece seeeeee 545

SOSIPPUS ...... eee cece eee 332

Sosippus .....e. eee eee 315, 330

mexicanus......... coves OOd

SPARASSUS ....... eee eeee 122

SPAPAS8US oo cece cc cee ee eeee 120

annulatus ...........4.. 126

ANNULALUS Wee eve e eee 123

APGelASIUS 6... cece nes 122

clarus .......... ee eee, 125

CIATUS. cee e cece eens 123

—— CMSIZEY ..... sce eee eee 125

CENSUYEF ve ceeee eve sneves 123

CYTONCUS ....--. ee eee 124

—— ferrugineus ............ 126

fugiens ......... cee eee 124

——— FUGIENS Lee eccccvcceees 123

—— manifestus ............ 125

—— manifestus ....... see. 123

—— minax .............. ». 125

——— MINA ees cccssecces 123

—— obseurus ...........05. 124

—— OD8CUrUS oe eee eee eee 122

—— obtusus ................ 123

ODCUSUS Loe cece cee ences 122

PAMlenS .icseccscvcccee . 122

similis ........... ee eee 124

SIMON] ........0..e0 eee 124

INDEX. 607

Page Page Page

Sparassus spongitarsus........ 122 Steatoda mixta ..... 0.00 ees 380 Storena lauta............e00% 54

Stylifer ......... cece aes 125 morula ......... 00 eee 384 —— HIYA. eee eee ee eee 54

—— stylifer oo... ccccccceens 123 MOPULA vo. cece vnceceuns 381 Strigoplus occ. cori vies 166

SPERMOPHORA.........00005 870 —— munifex ..........065. 385 STROPHIIND ........ eee ee eee 166

Spermophora ... 0... ccc ec eaes 365 ——— MUN EL. cv cvecees 381 Strophtin® oo... ccc cece cee 129

meridionals ..... 662. c es 370 Oblivia ....... eee eee 883 STROPHIUS ......... ee ee eee 166

—— placens ................ 370 0 a 3881 —— hirsutus........cseeeees 166

SPH#ROBOTHRIA.........60- 17 ——— PUTA Lecce ee cece eee 383 | —— nigricans ..........000. 166

Spherobothria ......66..05 18,14 PUTA Lecce cece eee e ee ees 381 signatuS .........eeeee 166

hoffmanni .............. 17 —— pusulOsd.. ec cccevccces 375 STROTARCHUS ..........005. 86

SPHECOTYPUS 2... cece cece 84 rostrata ..... 2... cesses 384 Strotarchus ..... 00... ee eee 85

Sphecotypus ......eccceveees 80 | —— rostrata... .. cece eee 381 nebulosus ...........005 87

formicarius ...... Weoeee 84 rubicunda ............6. 386 NEDULOSUS .... eee cece ees 86

NIVEL ..... eee sec cetee 84 | ——rubicunda ..........6 005 380 predator .............. 87

SPINTHARUS..........00000- 398 rufipes .........ee eee ee 384 —— violaceus .............. 87

Spintharus. ce. ccccceees 373, 397 —— rufipes ........eeee 379, 381 SYNAGELEE ............000- 175

U/L 398, 399 sexmaculata ........... . 386 SyNnagele® vevsvcvccccvccccees 168

elongatus ......006. 398, 399 SeXMACULALA . 6c ee veees 381 SYNAGELES ......ee.eeeeeee 176

—— flavidus................ 398 —— spiralis ..........0000-, 384 Synageles ccc cceee ee veees 168

flavidUus voc cccccccccenee 399 —— spiralis ........005- 380, 381 variegata ..........eeee 176

lineatus .........45- 398, 399 —— teenlata .......... eee 382 VENALOY ve vsccvevcevcaes 176

SEASING vo cee ceeee cence reece 119 —— teniata ........600. 379, 380 SYNEMA ... cee cece eect es 149

STEARODEA ......-... eee 877 tepidariorum............ 382 SYNEMA ws... eeveves 128, 185, 136

Stearoded wi. cece ce vcceveees 873 teptdariorum ...... 372, 379, AAJUNCLUM. .. cco cscenves 151

americana........+° tee OUT 880, 383, 387 —_ zequinoctiale eee ee wees eee 153

bipunctata ........000. 377 transversa ........-000e 383 —— e@quinoctiale ......ceceee 149

STEATODA ....... cee e eee eeee 379 transversa...... 380, 381, 884 —— affinitatum ............ 151

Steatoda........ 3738, 387, 392, 394 VATUANS Wie ccc eeeneees 384 affimtatum .... 149,150, 152

albomaculata .......... 385 VIVA Lecce cece cere tenes 385 —— ——., var. cultum......4. 149

albomaculata .......... 380, a 381 —— ——,, var. profugum .... 149

381, 386, 392 voluta ...... ec eee ee eee 386 bimaculatum ......... . 152

—albula ................ 387 VOLE. Lee ees 380, 381 —— bimaculatum..........4. 150

1: 381 STEMMOPS ......-.00 eevee .. 399 CUTUPES vee ec cece caceecs 153

—— ASPCTSA 1... eee eee renee 384 StEMMOPS ..ccccevcsereecces 373 —cultum ..... pabeesbaiees 151

ASPOTSA oie vc ce cece cenes 381 bicolor ... cc. seen eee 400 globosum .....4. ... 149,151

cavipalpus......2.6.e6e 382 Brcolor vases cvvcnees .. 399 InterTUPtUM ...esscveees 151

CAVIPALPUS Wc eee cveecces B79 | Stenoctenus...ccccveceseveves 349 ——maculosum ............ 152

COMPTESSA... eee ee eee 383 GPACUIS wovecccncescvere 349 —— maculosum vicceceveses 150

COMUPTESSA oo vv cree eens 381 STEPHANOPINE ........000- 156 -—— madidum .............. 152

confraterna .........04. 387 Stephanopin@ ........eeeeee 129 MAAAUM wecssveccveees 150

CONFFALEINA Le. cveeeeees 381 Stephanopis ..cceerssseeeees 161 —— palliatum ...... ole Secs 151

—— elegans ......... eee eee 386 altifrons .....4. ce eeees 161 palliatum vivcccccecenes 149

—— C1eGAns 6... cee eeeeae ».. O81 CAMENINUS Woe ccc ee vceees 161 — , var. adjunctum .... 150

—— elevata ......... eee 387 PCNtAJONUS. .. cee seveees 160 —— parvulum ...........05. 152

(1 381 TUGJOSUS Vic veveeeenvcvee 161 PATVUIUM vic cessseveres 149

florenS ..... cece eee eee 3882 stellotdes ..cccecceceaee 161 POU vrvccseccseseesss 151

JlOrens oe eerccerrreees 380 STEPHANOPOIDES .........-4. 162 PLOFUGUM wc rcesvecece . 161

forda.... cece cece eee 382 Stephanopoides .. 128, 156, 159, 168 ——— PY O8PEr oo. ve ee ec veeeeee 143

fOVdD. 0. ccc clans 380, 383 brasiliand .....c eevee 162 ——putum ............004. 152

fOPMOSA ove eee ees 382 COQNALA . oc ce seevccaenee 163 —— putum ....6. seoeee 149, 151

hispida ............006- 386 STHELOTA ...ee ee ee ec eeeeeess 416 BOCHUM on ee eae 152

hispida ..... 6 cere e eens B80 | Sthelota.... ccc ceeeee renee 415 SOCLUM veeecseecveueees 150

longistylum ............ 386 albonotata ............ 416 Synemosyna Sevneebee sate 168, 169

—— longistylum ............ 380 —— phoenicea .........-- 0 ee 416 formic ....eee. wees cules 169

WUNGER ek cece ee 379 STORENA woe cece ee eee eeees 54 SYNEMOSYNER......ee. eens 168

ane <n ree re 383 CYANED vevissereeeees .. 54 SYNTRECHALEA ............ 31d

608

Page

Syntrechalea ..... cc cece ues 305

tenuiS ..... cee eee eee ee 314

0 313

SYSPIRA..... cee eee eee ,.. Ol

tigyina ......... cee 91

TAMA 2... cece ccc ee cece ences 851

edwardst ...ccccceceaes 351

forcipata ..........06. , 351

—— mexicana .............. 351

TAPINAUCHENIUS .......00¢ 40

Tapinauchenius ........ ». 4,138, 14

reduncuS ..........006. 40

Tarentula ....ccececeeee 315, 322

THGENARIA .. ec ee cee eee eee 333

TeGenarta vieseccveveeee 352, 356

CWDS. vee eee cece 383

derhami .............. 333

—— flexuosa.............0.. 3384

JWCLUWOSA. eevee vce cenes 333

obscura ........00 22 eee 334

ODSCUTA ook 333

TEMECULA... esse cc eeeecees 359

Temecula ...c.seceaes 63, 357, 358

—— Mexicana ...........00. 359

Tenedos wi. cccvccccvcncucee 54

LAULUS oo cece ees 54

TETRAGNATHA ........0-000- 427

Tetragnatha .... 179, 436, 437, 453

alba... cece cece eee 4382

—— AIDA kee cece 428, 430

—— antillana .............. 433

antilland ...ssceees 428, 430

AIGYA vivccscevcaceeee 438

——)banksi ...............4. 435

bankst oo ccc ce cece eens 43)

bidens ...........0000- 434

Bidens... e eee ce eee 429

—— cognata ......... cee eee 438

COGNALA . occ eeeceeee 428, 430

dentigera .............. 43]

~-—— Aentigera voce eeccsveee 428

—— digitata.............06. 435

digitata. ...... 6.46. 429, 430

EXTENSA cecceccceceacees 427

fOrMOSA. . 6 cece cence 438

—— pracilis ..........-.006, 434

—— gracilis ........ 429, 430, 485

—— guatemalensis .......... 431

—— guatemalensis ...... 428, 429

intermedia ........ 435, 436

1 434

——— mandibulata..........., 435

—— mandibulata ........00... 430

‘—— mexicana .............. 434

——— MELUANA wisvsseeee, 429, 430

INDEX.

Page

Tetragnatha orizaba.......... 436

OVUADA oe eee ee eee 430

pachygnathoides ........ 437

—— pallescens.............. 436

—— pallescens ........000ee 430

pallida ..........00e eee 435

pallida ........ 429, 430, 436

—— quinquelinedta ......055- 44]

SUPAMINED . 6. ec cee nee 432

tenis ......... 0. ee eee 432

LENUWIS vee eeceeeees 428, 430

—— tenuissima ............ 432

tenwissima ......4. 428, 430

tropica .....- see e eee 431

EPOPUA vevscesvvees 428, 429

ROTUA occ ccvecceeeee 379

TETRAGNATHINZE,.......000- 427

Tetragnathin@ ....cscveecees 418

TEUDIS 1... cc sees ee eee eee 100

Teudis oo... ccc ecaee 98, 102, 104

gentilis ............000. 101

—— gentilis oo eevccereveees 100

——mordax ...........06. 101

MOTAUAL . occ cecvenccees 100

—— peragrans .............. 101

CPAGTANS 6 oc cvccvevcnes 100

—— TOSCUS .....0.....0000. 102

—— POSCUS occ seceeeeeaee 101

——ruber ........-..0000. 102

—— TUDE Lecce cece cece 101

TEUTANA oo... eee ee eee ee . 374

Teutana ........ cee. 372, 3738, 875

QTOSSA oe... eee eee 374

GTOSSH wivcccesevaccees 375

—— Mitidd. cece cc ccccceaee 375

—— pusulost ......... cane 3875

troangulosa .........0.. 374

zonata ........ 374, 375, 378

Thallumetus .......0..00000. 357

Thanatus .......... 129, 130, 132

formicinls wo... eee e. 180

PUNCUGEY ooo reece eeeees 132

Thargalia mexicana.......... 82

venusta............008, 545

THAUMASIA .............00. 308

Thaumasia ............ 804, 305

TD 3808

—— uncata ..............., 309

veloX....... cece e eee 809

Thelechoris... 0.0.00. ceccues 38

REDTING voce eee cc eceee 38

Theraphosa .seieccceccccces 15

PANAMANA. . 6.6 eeeceee, 16

THERAPHOSIDE ..........., 13

Lheraphoside ........ 5, 542, 544

Page

THERAPHOSINE ............ 14

THERIDIIDM .......-..000. 371

Thertdwud@. vvcccrccccccnvcas 544

THERIDION .......e eee ee 387

Theridion .. 372, 873, 379, 395, 400

AUJACENS vicevcevveeees 390

albonotatum ........ 384, 385

—albulum ....... vasneee 387

DajuUlans ..evecceevenee 385

calycinatum wo... ce cece 390

—— electum.........-. 0000s 3890

—— electum oo eee eer eccccces 388

—— @VEXUM.......-... eee 389

——— EVELUM ve vecceevces 388, 390

——excavatum ............ 391

—— excavatuM. ... 6.6 eee 388

CXUMUUM vec vcerencnes 395

Facetum... ccc ccececeees 393

JMOrens vis ceccccecceces 3882

frondeum .............. 389

Frondeum ....... cece 388

GONnYGaster oe. eer eveuee 893

hirsutum .ecccccceceues 3886

hispidum .........0000 386

Jucundum ..... 6.00. 394, 395

OT 384

lutetpes ..........65 384, 385

—— lutipes ....... cc eee. 384

MULTUM Coc ccc cece ccues 383

MOPULUM ve eeeceresvees 384

——_ munifex oc cece reece 385

MiveuM ............000 390

TAVEUM vo evcaceceecaeces 3888

oblivium ... ccc cece ees 383

opulentum ... 0.62.6 eee. 393

——— PUTUT ver ccccevcevee 383

TEMUMILUM. 6. eve ceeee 387

TOCUNAWM 0... cece eens 383

TOSEVATUM oo reece cece 384

TUPUIPES oo ceeeeeeaee 384, 385

SISYPMIUM . co vevcccrneee 387

—— splendidum ............ 391

splendidum ........04.. 388

—— studiosum ......0 ce ceca 395

—— styligerum ............ 389

styligerUm ose. eevee 387

—— tepidariorum .......... 379

—thorelli................ 390

—— thorelli ............ 388, 891

EVANSVENSUM 2... ee cee 3883

trepidum .............. 391

trepidum ..... cece eee 388

——uncatum .............. 390

UNCATUM eee e ec cccccae 388

—— Vittatum 2.2.0... 391

—— vittatum .......... 388, 392

Page

Theridion vivum oo... 00.00. 385

THERIDIOSOMA ..........0005 414

Theridiosoma ......464. 413, 415

concolor ............8. 414

argentatum oo... cc cee. 414

GJEMMOSUM ve eve cvees . 414

. globosum ss. ........... 414

THERIDIOSOMATINA ........ 413

Theridiosomatine ... 00.0.6... 412

Theridium albonotatum ...... 3884

borbonicum ..vecceeeeee 384

CONFYATEYNUM vocecevees 387

domesticum ........008. 875

elevatum ee cccccaes 387

Srondeum voc cceccees ae 889

Fordum .occicececcceeas 382

GTVOSSUM Lov cee cceecccues 374

Vineatum oo .cevecceeees 379

— luteolum .......00. 384, 885

NUETAWM vec veccecceves 374

—— placens ....... vee eeeses 889

TUfiPES .....46. “yee wewes 384

sexmaculatum ....ceeeee 386

spirale .... 1.6 seeees 384

SCUCLOSUM oo. ccc c eens 395

—— tentatum oo ce cecccevas 3882

tepidartorum ..seceeees 382

tepidatorium ...... seeee. 382

EFUGONUM voce eeeees ..» 404

VETECUNAUM wi .ceveccues 379

VULGATE wi vvceccccereees 382

THERIDULA ...... cece cee eee 392

Theridula oo... ccc cece cece 373

faceta..... cc cee eee eee 393

Paced wii cc cece 392

nigrovittata ..........0. 392

nigrovittata ....... eee 393

opulenta ..........000. 393

OPULENEDA. Lo ceca rcveveeee 392

quadripunctata ......000. 393

—— quinqueguttata .......... 3938

spharula .....ceeee 392, 393

— triangularis ........ sees 393

— UFICOPNIS . oe cece ee eee 393

THOMISIDE .......eeeeees .. 127

Thomisid@ .occccccececececes 543

Thomisotdes .......ee00e weee 49

THOMISUS ......ccceeeeeeees 136

TROMISUS cic cececenes 133, 185

GIBUS 6 oo vecenccesaseces 136

OGIOSUS .eeeeseveveveees 136

ONUSLUS co... cece ees 128, 136

PATVUlUs. ...cccevecseeee 152

——— PUJOSUS vce crrececceeces 161

———_ VENATOTIUS 6c cece cence 121

THOEMES (0. ee ae eee es 240

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Arachn. Aran. & Opil., Vol. I., January 1900.

INDEX.

Page

Thotmes ..... 0.00 cece 188, 241

bicolor .......... eee eee 241

—— famn®........... 0.0000 241

—— paykulli............. ee 240

THWAITESIA ......... 000000 395

Thwartesta oo ccc cc cv cc cenee 373

affinis...... 0... cee eee 396

leptda..... cece cece eee 391

margarityferd ....e.eees 895

VUETAA Lecce ene eens 391

TIBELLUS ....... eee ee ee ees 133

Tibellus . ccc ccvccee 129, 130, 182

—— affinis........... cece ee 133

ODLONGUS. 6... cece ee 133

PUNCUUPES vie cc ccsncenes 182

TINUS. 0... ccc eee eee eee 310

Tinus occ c eens 304, 305, 313

minutus ..........008- 811

——— MINUEUS 6 cee cee 310

—— nigrinus...........0006. 310

——— NUGTINUS 6 ccc ences 811

tibialis ............006. 811

—— tibialis .. 6. eee 310

TITANATTUS .........00 ee eee 191

Titanattus .... 0... cee eee 187, 296

——— SOVUS... reece eee eens 191

S@UUS ooo cece eens 209

TMARUS ....... 0. ce eee eee eee 153

TMQrus oo. eve cece cenes 128, 135

corruptus ........+..06 156

COYTUPLUS 6. cece cece eee 155

decenS ..........0 eee 155

Ineptus ...... 6. eee ee eee 155

intentus............006- 155

—-— InteNtUS oo cece 154

JOCOSUS 1.6... eee e eee eee 156

JOCOSUS . i. cc scenes 154, 155

MENAGL occ ccacvneneees 156

——mundulus .............. 155

—— pauper ......... eee eee 156

PAUP? voce ceccvecenes 154

UJ cc cc cece cenes 1538

studiosus ..........006. 155

StUAIOSUS ee eee es 154

TMETICUS .........0e eee eee 426

Tmeticus .. 0... ccc cee 48, 423

AGINIS. ee cee eee 426

denticulatus ............ 426

—— imcertus............006- 426

leptocaulis ... 0.6... cee 426

tridentatus ............ 426

TOBIAS ..... cece eee ee eee 161

Tobias occ c eee eee 157, 158

TUQOSUS ....... ee ee ee eee 161

TOMES. occ see e ces 296

—— palpalis ............605. 296

Page

PORE oa a se 171

TOLER. eee ee 168

TOXEINAD oo... cece cece scene 167

POXEUS. 0. eis eae ee ees 172

TOXCUS Loe ees 168, 171

centralis ........00008- 173

CONtVALIS. 0. eee 174

championi.............- 174

CRAMPIONE ov cece eee 178

Sormicarius 6.0... 0c eee 171

MALUIOSUS ooo cece ce eee 172

TRACHELAS .........seeeeee 74

—— bispinosus.............. 79

bispinosus.........5 75, 76, 80

—— bulbosus .............. 78

bulbosus . 6... ee ees 75, 80

lanceolatus ............ 76

—— lanceolatus ........ 74, 75, 78

—— MeXICANUS..... ee eee 76

MEXICANUS Wo. c ccc eee eee 77

——— MANO oo eee eee 74

MNUYTUCANS occ vesevnees 74

PUDEP Loe cece ee eee 76, 77

similis ....... 2. eee eee 80

SUMAMIS. Co cw cae ee eee 76

—— spinulatus.............. 78

spinulatus .......ceeee 75, 77

spivifer ........ccesees 48

SPUUPEP was scccrccvecies 75

tVANSVETSUS «1... ee eevee 7

LrANSVETSUS ..... 44. 74, 76, 78

tranquilius ........60- . 6

truncatulus ........0086 79

—— truncatulus ......e0000. 75

TRECHALEA ...ee eee e essere 312

Trechalea vec cceccecuces 305, 313

CODNEXA «ww. eee eee 313

——— CONNER, od ccc cnavens 312

—— extensa ...-... cee ee eee 313

——— CEXEENSH oo cr cencvncvne 312

habilis ............000- 313

Aabilis oo. ee es . 312

Trechond ..cvacacecvceveces 3

TRICANTHA ........eee eevee 540

Tricantha oc cee ccc wee eens . 524

tricornmiS ........50 08 .. 540

Triclaria. cc cee wees . 312

COMNERA oc cece cece ences 3138

CLEENSA vic ceeeeevenee .. 313

habilis wo. cece eee .. 313

longitarsis ..... 1... cee . 312

Triptolemus benignus ........ 193

Trochos@ oc eeeeccceese 322, 331

CINETEA ... 0005. veins 331

——— INSTIGNIS voce eeecsevecs . 324

610

Page

Trochosa mexicana ...... 330, 331

A 330, 582

TUPUCOID . oc cece neces 331

TULPIUS... ce cece cece ee eee 299

hilaris ....... cece eee 299

Turckhetvmia wveveccccrvcveece 491

ATMALA Lecce cece ceneees 499

Givers veveveeseees 496, 497

NODOSA «11.640 454, 491, 496

—— scelestd wo. ceseccseecees 496

—— walckenaeri. , 453, 454, 491, 495

ULOBORIDE wo. eee e eee eee 360

Tloborid® oii ccc cence ee 542

ULOBORUS...... 0. ee eee 361

Uloborus ...... 352, 360, 364, 394

albineuS ....e..-0..000- 363

GIDINEUS 6. cence ee eee 861

AMETICANUS ....c.e se eee 363

———. AMEPICANUS oe ce ee cnees 361

Borbonicus .cecevcreeeees 362

CINEVCUS. «6... eee ee eee 362

CINETCUS vce eves ee ncneeee 361

GiveYsusS.... 2. cece eee eee 363

GWEPSUS occ cee 361

AOMESHCUS . 6. cece ce cenas 362

formosus ..........8- .. 863

FOrMosus wivceccsvcrees 361

—— geniculatus ........ wee. 362

gemiculatus ...... eee 861

batretllit cc eee 362

plumipes ....... seseeee 363

—— signatuS............0065 362

BUNATUS cee eee e eens 361

SPEIMAX oe. eee ee eee 363

—— SPETNAL oo eee cc ccvenee 361

—— variegatus............-. 362

VATUEGULUS Woe ces eveseecs 361

—— VICINUS ...... eee eee eee 362

VICINUS vee cece veecccuce 3861

VULOSUS Lecce cee cee 363

walckenaertus .e.vcceees 361

-ZOSUS vevcevcccvccvvcees 362

VERRUCOSA eee eee e eee eeee 481

Verrucosa ......005. 455, 456, 500

APENALA eee see c cece eee 4892

AVENAD cic eccencccveees 481

—— reticulata .....cccc cea. 483

~—— undecim-variolata ...... 483

INDEX.

Page

Verrucosa undecim-variolata .. 482

Vindullus similis oo... cece eee 124

| 7c rr wee. OAL

10 483

Vonones ....... 0000 550, 552, 553

Wagneria ..sseveeee 455, 456, 497

WAGNERIANA .....ceeeeeeee 497

CAVINAtA.... ce ee ee ee eee 498

CATINALA. cove cece ne eeues 497

spicata ..... cece eee e eee 499

SPUCATA vocsvceavccnvces 498

tauricormmis ....... ee eee 498

CAUTICOTNIS. 6... eevee 497, 499

—— ]]-tuberculata .......... 498

ll-tuberculata ....... 06 499

Wailckenaertia... 0... cece eee 415

WAMBA wee cece cece eee eee 375

A 3738

CONQENEL ... ee eeeeeees 375

WENDILGARDA we... see e ee eee 415

Wendilgarda .......... .. 418, 414

MEXICANA ....... eee eee 415

WITICA . ccc cece eee cee eeee 541

talis ... ce. ee eee re 541

0: 9. 483

Wid oe ceccccecaes 455, 456, 500

abdominalis ........0008 483

—— bituberosa........... ... 485

DituberOsa oo... ceca eee 484.

—— ClivOS® ...e. cee eee seca 485

CLVOSA vives veaneee 484, 487

CUYD. ve verevnvceceveas 484

gibbifera ...........06. 485

GUbbifera vecseveveceaee 484

—— globosa .............065 486

GlODOSA vice cece aeenes 485

Tufa .eeceeececeseveees 486

TU cvccccccvnvenas 485

Sicula..... cee eee eee eee 487

—— SICUA Lecce cece cuce 484.

—— subrufa .............05. 486

SUDTUSA Cece e cece nnes 485

—— turrigera ..........00.. 486

LUITIUGETA oe ce eccecceaee 485

WULFILA wee cece eee ec eee ees 104.

Wulfila viv eeicccccccccccues 93

diversus .............. 105

—— pallidus................ 105

—— pallidus ....... ee eneeen 104

Page

Wulfila proximus ............ 105

spatulatus...........06. 105

XENESTHIS wees ceeeeeees 16

Xenesthis o.eeeceee ees 2,4,18, 14

colombiana ............ 17

XYSTICUS .eeeee eee eee eee 146

XYSUUCUS ceveceeene 128, 134, 135,

136, 148, 149, 153

—— adustus oo... ccecceeccee 153

advectuS ...........00, 147

AAVECHUS. 6.0. cee cee seuss 146

—— e@quinoctialis ..... 6.000. 158

cristatus...... rr 146

facetUS ...... ccc cece eas 148

FACEHUS Lore cece ee ee eee 147

fissilis ...... ccc cece eee 148

—— fisstlis viciccecccceevae 146

—— orizaba . ....... beeen 148

OTUADA vecevacvcecveace 146

pellax wc. e.e eee ee eee 147

UNE evccreacecece seees L147

ZODARIIDE we... sees sesceee OD

LOMATUAE oi cscvcucccvvccees 542

ZOROCRATES ... eee eeceecees 353

ZOVOCHALCS .ecsacevcccvecaees 352

fuscus ..... cece eee eee 354

——— MistUS woe reece eee eeees 354

ZOROPSIDE ..csecseeeeceeee 353

ZOVOPSIAL vivcvccsvvvvevvces 542

ZOPOP8US vevvsvecevevees wees. O02

LUNUIGA cee vscvvvccvnvecence 168

ZYGOBALLUS ..... eee eee eeee 289

maculatus ......0.eeee- 292

maculatus .....06 pence 291

——minutus ...........005 292

———_ MINUEUS. cr aeevcees . 290, 291

—— PAFVUS ...eeeeeeeceeee 292

PATVUS ve ceveveaves 289, 291

TremOtus.......e+00- e... 291

PEMOEUS oo cece cece neues 289

Tufipes oo... eee cee eee 291

—— rufipes ........ . ... 289, 290

SLFENUUS... scenes bee eas 291

SUUVIS. receives Le ceeeee 291

—— tibialis ...... cece eee 292

—— tibialis ..cvevcues ',. 290, 291

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

Fig. 1.

13.

14,

15.

ARACHNIDA._ARANEIDEA,

Vou. II.

PLATE I.

Bothriocyrtum fabrile, 2: 1a, profile; 1, protarsus and tarsus i. from beneath ;

le, third leg from outside; 1d, sternum and labium; le, eyes and mandibles from

above.

. Eucteniza mexicana, 9: 2a, sternum; 24, claw of tarsus i.; 2c, left mandible from

above; 2d, protarsus and tarsus i. frum beneath; 2e, left mandible from beneath ;

2/, eyes from above. '

Eutychides aurantiacus, ¢: 3a, profile; 34, sternum ; 3c, claw of tarsus i.; 3d, eyes and

mandibles from above ; 3 e, claw of pedipalp ; 3f, protarsus and tarsus i. from beneath.

Eurypelma smithi, 3.

Eurypelma panamense, 9.

Neocteniza mexicana, 2: 6, carapace from above; 6a, sternum, labium, and coxa of left

pedipalp ; 6 4, spinners from below.

. Enrico mexicanus, 2: 7, sternum; 7 a, claw of tarsus 1i.; 70, claw of palpus.

Pachylomerus zebrinus, $ : 8, bulb of left pedipalp from in front and beneath; 8 a, tarsus

of left fourth leg from outside.

Eurypelma vagans, $: palpal bulb from behind.

. Schizopelma macropus, g: 10, right palpal bulb from outside; 10a, ditto, from in front.

. Sericopelma communis, 3: 11, right palpal bulb from outside; 11a, ditto, from behind

11 4, tibia i., apex from beneath; 11 c¢, eyes from above.

. Spherobothria hoffmanni, 3: 12, sternum, labium, and coxa of pedipalp; 124, tibia 1.,

apex from beneath; 124, right palpal bulb from the inside; 12c, ditto, from the out-

side; 12d, ditto, from in front.

Eurypelma lanceolatum, 3: 18, right palpal bulb from in front ; 134, ditto, from the out-

side; 18 8, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus i. from the outside.

Eurypelma mesomelas, $: 14, right palpal bulb from the outside; 14a, ditto, from in

front; 148, ditto, from behind; 14, right palpal bulb from the outside, of different

form; 14d, sternum.

Eurypelma longipes, 8: 15, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus i. from the outside; 15 a, eyes from

above; 154, right palpal bulb from outside; 15, ditto, from in front; 15d, spurs of

tibia i. from beneath ; 15, apex of palpal bulb.

. Eurypelma serratum, g: 16, apex of palpal bulb; 16a, right palpal bulb from in front ;

16 4, ditto, from the outside; 16c, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus i. from the outside.

. Eurypelma pallidum, 3: 17, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus i, from the outside; 17a, right

palpal bulb from the outside; 17 4, ditto, from in front; 17, tibial spurs.

. Paraphysa manicata, : 18, tibial spurs from the inside; 18a, right palpal bulb from the

outside ; 18 8, ditto, from in front.

. Eurypelma spatulatum, 8: 19, right palpal bulb from the outside; 19a, ditto, from in

front ; 19 6, tibial spurs from the inside.

Eurypelma rusticum, 3: 20, right palpal bulb from the outside; 20a, ditto, from in front.

. Eurypelma truncatum, g: 21, right palpal bulb from in front ; 21a, ditto, from the outside.

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12.

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14.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vot. II.

PLATE IT.

Cratorrhagus cervinus, 2: 1a, eyes; 14, tarsus iv. from beneath; 1 ¢, tarsal claws of leg i.,

with claw-tuft removed from right side.

. Hapalopus pentaloris, 2. (EK. Simon’s type.)

. Hapalopus pentaloris, 2: young. (EH. Simon’s type of Hapalopus ruficeps.)

Euagrus mexicanus, 2: 4a, profile; 46, sternum and coxa of left pedipalp.

Eurypelma emilia, 3: 5a, right palpal bulb from outside; 5 4, ditto, from in front.

Eurypelma caniceps, : 6a, right palpal bulb from outside; 6 4, left leg i. from inside.

. Huagrus guatemalensis, 8: 7, eyes; 7a, right Jeg ii.—tibia from beneath; 7 4, right

leg ii.—tibia and protarsus from outside; 7c, right leg i.—patella, tibia and protarsus

from beneath; 7d, right pedipalp from inside; 7e, left mandible from beneath;

7f, spinners from beneath.

. Ischnothele digitata, 8: 8, eyes; 8a, right pedipalp from inside; 848, leg 1.—tibia and

protarsus from outside; 8c, left mandible from beneath; 8d, spinners from beneath.

Ischnothele guianensis, 8: leg i.—tibia and protarsus from outside.

. Fufius atramentarius, 2: left mandible from beneath.

. Schizopelma bicarinatum, §: 11, leg i.—apex of tibia from beneath; lla, right palpal

bulb from outside; 11, right palpal bulb from inside; 11, right palpal bulb from

in front.

Metriopelma spinulosum, §: 12, leg i.—apex of tibia from beneath; 12a, right palpus

from inside ; 12, right palpal bulb from outside; 12c¢, right palpal bulb from inside ;

12d, right palpal bulb from in front.

Acanthopelma rufescens, g: 18, sternum; 134, leg iv.—tarsus from beneath; 134, leg i.

(left) tarsus and protarsus from beneath; 13 c¢, leg i—spurs at the apex of the tibia

from beneath (slightly diagrammatic) ; 13d, bulb of left pedipalp from in front.

Hapalopus pernix, $+: 14, tarsus iv. from beneath; 14a, leg i—apex of the tibia from

inside; 148, bulb of right pedipalp from outside; 14c, bulb of right pedipalp from in

front *.

* The numbers are incorrectly given as 14, 14 a—d, on the Plate.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE III.

Eurypelma seemanni, 2 .

. Hapalopus pentaloris, 8 : 2, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus i. from the outside; 2a, ditto,

from the inside; 24, palpal bulb from in front ; 2c, ditto, from the outside.

Fufius atramentarius, 2: 3a, sternum; 36, ocular group from in front; 3, tarsus and

protarsus 1. from beneath.

Davus fasciatus, 8: 4, tibia and protarsus i. from the inside; 4 a, palpal bulb from the

outside ; 44, ditto, enlarged; 4¢, ditto, from the inside ; 4d, another aspect.

Dysderina plena, 9: 5, abdomen from beneath ; 5 a, eyes from in front and above.

. Caponina sargi, 9: 6a, cephalic area, eyes, and mandibles from above; 606, abdomen,

anterior portion, from beneath; 6c, left mandible from the outside, showing strie ;

6d,femur of palpus from the inside, showing stridulating-spine; 6e, spinners from

beneath; 6f, leg i.—protarsus and tarsus from the outside; 6g, tarsus i. from the

outside, showing tarsal claws; 64, mouth-parts and mandibles from beneath.

Nops coccineus*, 2? : 7, left mandible from the outside, showing strie; 7a, femur of

palpus, showing stridulating-spine; 70, anterior portion of abdomen and posterior

portion of sternum from beneath ; 7 ¢, tarsal claws of leg i.; 7d, leg i—protarsus and

tarsus from the outside; 7¢, mouth-parts and mandibles from beneath; 7 /, spinners

from beneath.

Filistata hibernalis, 2 &: 8, ocular group from above; 8a, leg i—femur, showing absence

of long thick hair; 8, sternum and mouth-parts, 2; 8c, palpal bulb of male from in

front.

Filistata tractans, 2 3: 9,23 94, leg i—tarsal claws ; 9 0, leg i.—femur, showing long thick

hair; 9c, spinners from beneath, ?; 9d, palpal bulb of male from in front.

Filistatoides insignis, : 10, sternum and labium; 10a, palpal bulb from above;

10 4, ocular group from above.

Sicarius thomisoides +, 2: 11, tarsal claws of leg i.; lla, tibia i.; 11 6, mouth-parts

and mandibles from beneath; lle, right mandible from outside, showing striz ;

‘11d, femur of palpus, showing stridulating-spines ; 11 ¢, eyes and clypeus from in front ;

ll f, tarsus of palpus; lly, spinners; 11, ditto, cleared of hairs; 117, eyes from

above; 11/7, mouth-parts from the inside; 114, sternum.

. Sicarioides rugosus, 9: 12a, sternum and mouth-parts; 12 4, carapace in profile.

* The figures of Nops coccineus are taken from a Venezuelan specimen.

+ The figures of Sicarius thomisoides are taken from a Chilian specimen.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE IV.

Scytodes longipes, 9: 1a, maxille, inner side; 16, mandibles from beneath; 1c, leg i.,

showing onychium and tarsal claws ; 1 d, mandibles from above, showing striz on the

external margins; le, tarsus of palpus, apex; 1/, carapace, profile view; ]g, right

mandible and maxilla from the outside; 1, sternum and mouth-parts from beneath ;

14, spinners from beneath; 17, vulval area, showing chitinous plates; 1%, eyes from

above, in front; 1/7, femur of palpus, showing stridulating-spine.

. Scytodes longipes, § : 2a, tarsus of palpus, showing bulb.

. Scytodes hebraica, 8: 3a, tarsus of palpus, showing bulb.

. Scytodes hebraica, 8, variety.

. Scytodes hebraica, 2: 5a, vulva, showing chitinous plates.

. Scytodes championi, §: 6a, femur of leg i.; 6 5, eyes from in front and above; 6c, bulb

of palpus from the inner side; 6d, tarsus of palpus, showing bulb from the outside.

Loxosceles rufipes, 2 : 7a, carapace from above; 76, mandibles and maxille from the

outside, showing the striz on the former ; 7c, base of femur of palpus, showing stridu-

lating-spine ; 7d, spinners from beneath ; 7 ¢, mandibles from in front, showing striz ;

7f, sternum and mouth-parts; 7g, maxille from the inner side; 7h, carapace, profile

view; 71, tarsus of leg i.; 77, tarsus of leg iv.

. Loxosceles rufipes, 8, palpus, showing tibia and bulb.

. Diguetia albolineata, 2: 9a, femur of palpus, showing stridulating-spines; 9 0, tarsus of

palpus, apex; 9c, mandibles from in front; 9d, maxille, inner side ; 9 e, carapace and

eyes from above; 9, sternum and mouth-parts from beneath; 9g, leg iitarsal claws ;

9 h, spinners from beneath.

. Diguetia albolineata, 3, tibia of leg i., showing spines ; 104, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus of

leg 1.

. Echemus ochraceus, 3, eyes from above; 11 a, palpus from the outside; 11 8, tarsus of

palpus from beneath.

. Drassodes ferrum-equinum, 3, vulva; 12a, maxille; 124, eyes from above.

. Drassodes centralis, 2 , vulva.

. Scotopheus pictus, 3 , vulva.

. Prosthesima mesta, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath; 15 a, ditto from the

outside; 154, 9, vulva.

. Prosthesima lutea, 2 , eyes from above ; 16 a, vulva.

. Cesonia lugubris, 2, eyes from above.

. Gnaphosa spiralis, 3, palpal bulb from beneath ; 18 a, mandible, showing chitinous carina ;

18 6, maxille; 18c, eyes from above; 18d, tibia and tarsus of palpus from above ;

18 e, eyes from above, enlarged.

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F.0.Pickard Cambridge, del.

Edwin Wilson Cambridae.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE V.

. Scotopheus guatemalensis, 2? , vulva.

Corinna bulbula, 3, tibia of right palpus from above; 2a, right palpus from beneath,

showing tibia and tarsus.

Corinna bulbosa, g, tarsus of left palpus from beneath; 3 a, tibia and tarsus of left

palpus from outside; 34, patella and tibia of left palpus from above.

4. Corinna bulbosa, 2 , full figure, dorsal aspect (legs and palpi omitted) ; 4a, vulva.

10.

ll.

21.

Corinna falcula, $, tarsus of right palpus from the inner side; 5, central process with

membranous process, enlarged; 54, patella, tibia, and tarsus of right palpus from

outside ; 5c, tibial spur.

. Corinna uncata, 8, tarsus of left palpus from beneath; 6 a, central bifurcate process

with racquet-shaped membrane; 63, tibia and tarsus of right palpus from above;

6c, tibial processes enlarged and viewed more from beneath.

Corinna mucronata, 3, tibia and tarsus of right palpus from beneath; 7 a, tibia and

base of tarsus of right palpus from above, showing tibial processes.

Corinna mucronata, 2? , maxille and labium ; 8a, vulva.

Corinna nervosa, 8, tibia and tarsus of right palpus from beneath; Qa, patella and tibia

of right palpus from outside, showing tibial processes.

Corinna bicuspis, 8, tibia and tarsus of right palpus from the outside, showing the two

cusps at the base of the tarsus and tibial spurs; 10a, lower tibial spur, profile view ;

10 4, tarsus of right palpus from beneath; 10, apex of tibia and base of tarsus of right

palpus from outside and above.

Corinna paradoxa, &, patella, tibia, and base of tarsus of right palpus, showing the

complicated tibial processes and the long spur at the base of the bulb; 11a, tarsus of

right palpus, showing bulb; 11 4, processes at apex of bulb, viewed from the inner side ;

11 c, another view of the tibial spurs, in which the spur (0) is not visible ; 11 d, the tibial

processes, by themselves ; 11 e, tibial processes (6) and (e) from above.

. Corinna preceps, ? , vulva.

Corinna retusa, 3 , dorsal aspect, legs and palpi omitted; 13a, vulva.

. Corinna luctuosa, ? , vulva.

. Corinna saga, ? , vulva.

Corinna nava, 3, vulva.

Corinna variegata, ¢, dorsal aspect; 17a, eyes from above; 1746, eyes from in front ;

17 c, maxille and labium ; 17 d, vulva.

Corinna semiluna, 2? , vulva.

Corinna cinnamia, 2 , vulva.

Trachelas lanceolatus, 8, tibia and tarsus of right palpus from beneath; 20a, apex of

bulb and lanceolate spine, enlarged; 204, tibia and tarsus of right palpus from the

inside; 20 c, ditto, from outside ; 20d, mandibles from beneath.

Trachelas lanceolatus, 2, base of sternum, coxe iii. and iv., and pedicle from beneath ;

21 a, right mandible from beneath ; 214, eyes from in front; 21 c, eyes from above ;

21 d, tibia, protarsus, and tarsus of leg i., showing cuspules; 21 e, maxille and labium ;

21 f, vulva.

Nore.—The independent letters a, b, c, d, e, are used in certain cases to indicate identical portions of

structure in the various views represented.

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. Clubiona sericea, ? , vulva.

. Clubiona depuncta, &, tibial spur of palpus from the outside; 24a, tarsus of palpus from

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE VIL.

Trachelas transversus, § , tarsus of palpus from beneath ; 1a, patella, tibia, and tarsus

from the outside.

. Trachelas tronsversus, 2 , vulva.

. Trachelas spinulatus, 3, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 3a, patella, tibia, and tarsus of

palpus from the outside.

. Trachelas spirifer, 8, apex of bulb from beneath ; 4a, patella, tibia, and tarsus from

the outside.

. Trachelas bulbosus, 8, tarsus of palpus from beneath, with apex of bulb enlarged ;

5 a, patella, tibia, and tarsus from the inside; 5 3, ditto from the outside.

. Trachelas bulbosus, 3 , vulva.

. Trachelas bispinosus, 3, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from the outside; 7 a, ditto

from the inside; 7, apex of bulb enlarged ; 7 d, labium and maxille.

. Trachelas bispinosus, 9 , posterior portion of sternum with coxe iii. and iv. and pedicle ;

8 a, spinners from beneath ; 8 4, vulva, var.; 8c, ditto, type.

. Trachelas truncatulus, 3, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palp from the outside; 9a, tarsus

of palp from beneath, with apex of bulb enlarged; 964, mandibles from beneath.

. Trachelas similis, 2 , vulva.

. Mazaz plana, ° , profile of spider (legs and palpi omitted).

. *Chiracanthium nutriz, 9, eyes from in front; 12a, eyes from above and behind ;

12 4, left mandible from beneath; 12c¢, labium and right maxilla.

. *Eutichurus ferox, 8, eyes from in front; 13a, eyes from above and in front; 134, left

mandible from beneath; 13 c, spinners from beneath.

. Strotarchus nebulosus, 9 , eyes from above and behind; 144, eyes from in front; 144, left

mandible from beneath ; 14.¢, spinners from beneath.

. Strotarchus violaceus, 8, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from the outside; 15 a, tarsus

of palpus from beneath, with apex of bulb enlarged.

Strotarchus violaceus, 3 , vulva.

. Strotarchus predator, 8, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 17a, tibia and tarsus of palpus

from the outside.

. *Clubiona pallidula, 2? , eyes from above and behind ; 18 a, eyes from in front ; 18 4, spinners

from beneath; 18 c, left mandible from beneath.

. Clubiona crocota, &, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside.

Clubiona simplex, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside, with tibial spur enlarged.

. Clubiona tigrina, 3, tibial spur from the outside and above; 21a, bulb from the outside ;

218, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from the inside.

Clubiona tigrina, 2? , vulva.

the outside; 24 0, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from the inside.

. Clubiona depuncta, 2? , vulva.

. Clubiona tricuspis, 8, tibial spur of palpus from the outside; 26a, bulb from the outside

and rather beneath.

. Clubiona linguata, ¢ , vulva.

Nore.—The species marked with an asterisk are not Central-American forms. Drawings of their structure

have been inserted for the purpose of comparing the characters of the original types of the various genera

under consideration.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE VII.

. Lauricius hemicleinus, 9: 1a, outline profile; 16, eyes from in front; 1c, apex of right mandible

from beneath; 1 d, tarsal claws of leg i.; 1 ¢, spinners from beneath ;. 1 /, maxille and labium from

beneath ; 1g, vulva.

. Chemmis frederici, 2 , carapace and abdomen from above, legs and palpi omitted.

. Anyphena proba, 3, palpus from the outside; 3 a, cox of legs iii. and iv.

. Anyphena gibba, 3, palpal organs, enlarged; 4a, palpus from the outside; 46, coxe of legs i., ii.,

lli., and iv.; 4¢, tibia of palpus from the outside, showing the spur enlarged.

» Anyphena yibba, 2, vulva.

. Anyphena gibbosa, 5, tibia of palpus from the outside, showing the spur enlarged.

. Anyphena gibbosa, 2 , vulva.

. Anyphena subgibba, <, tibia of palpus, showing the spur from the outside.

. Anyphena judicata, 3, tibia of palpus, showing the spur from the outside.

. Anyphena excepta, 2 , vulva.

. Anyphena simplex, 3, right mandible from beneath; 11a, palpus from the outside; 11 6, coxe of

legs i. and ii., showing conical prominences.

. Anyphena simplex, 2, vulva.

. Anyphensa stylifer, 3 , palpus from the outside; 13a, tibial spur from the outside.

. Anyphena trifida, $, tibia and base of tarsus of palpus from the outside, showing tibial spur;

14a, tibial spur from the inside.

. Anyphena plana, 3, palpal organs, enlarged; 15a, palpus from the outside; 156, coxe of legs ili.

and iv., showing absence of spurs and protuberances.

. Anyphena tuberosa, & , tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath; 16 a, coxe of legs ii, ili., and iv.

. Anyphena scopulata, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside; 174, tibia of palpus from the

outside.

. Aysha minuta, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside.

. Aysha minuta, 2, vulva.

. Aysha valvula, 2 , vulva.

. Teudis peragrans, 3 , palpus from the outside; 21a, tibia and tarsus of pulpus from the inside.

. Teudis peragrans, 2 , vulva.

. Teudis ruber, 2, vulva.

. Teudis roseus, 2 , vulva.

. Sillus lunula, 2, vulva.

. Sillus curvispina, 3, right mandible from beneath; 26a, palpal organs from the inside; 26 4, tibia

and base of tarsus of palpus from the outside, showing tibial spur; 26, palpus from the outside.

. Sillus attiyuus, S, palpus from the outside showing tibial spur, enlarged ; 27a, right mandible from

beneath.

. Sillus longispina, dg, palpus from the outside, showing tibial spur enlarged.

. Wulfila spatulatus, 3, palpus from the inside; 29a, tibia and base of tarsus of palpus from the

outside.

. Cragus inornatus, 3 , coxe of legs ii, and iii.

. Cragus inornatus, 2 , vulva.

. Macrophyes attenuata, 3, eyes from above and in front; 32a, tarsus of leg i., showing claw and

hairs, from one side only; 326, left mandible, from beneath, showing labium and left maxilla ;

32, tarsus of leg i. showing claws and hairs from above; 32d, apex of abdomen showing spinners

and anal tubercle; 32 ¢, spinners from below ; 32 /, abdomen from below showing pair of spiracular

orifices.

Ctenus supinus, 2 , vulva.

Ctenus peregrinus, 9: 34a, vulva.

Ctenus incolans, 3, tarsus of palpus from below; 35a, tibia of palpus from above.

Ctenus incolans, 2, vulva.

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ARACHNIDA.—_ARANEIDEA.

Vor. II.

PLATE VIII.

Chemmis frederici, 9 , spinners from below; 1 a, vulva.

Ctenus alienus, 2, vulva.

Cienus excavatus, 9 , eyes from in front; 3, vulva.

Cienus spiralis, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside and below; 4a, tibia of

palpus from the outside.

. Ctenus sinuatipes, 8, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 5 a, tibia of palpus from the outside ;

5 6, spur of ditto, enlarged; 5c, spurs on the protarsus of the fourth leg; 5d, apex of

tibia, protarsus, and tarsus of fourth leg.

Ctenus sinuatipes, 2 , tarsal claws and claw-tuft; 6a, vulva.

. Ctenus calcaratus, 3, tarsus of palpus from below; 7 a, tibia of palpus, with apex of spur

enlarged.

Ctenus bilobatus, ¢ , eyes from in front; 8a, vulva.

Ctenus byrrhus, 3 , vulva from below.

. Ctenus ensiger, $, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside; 10a, ditto from above ;

10 4, ditto from below.

. Ctenus ensiger, § , vulva.

. Ctenus convexus, 2 , vulva.

. Celeiycheus paradoxus, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside; 13a, eyes from

in front.

. Selenops nigromaculatus, 8, tibia and tarsus of palpus from below; 14a, tibial spur from

outside.

. Selenops marginalis, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus from below; 15a, tibial spurs from

outside.

. Selenops marginalis, 3 , vulva.

Selenops mexicanus, , tibia and tarsus of palpus from below; 17a, ditto from above;

17 4, another view of the tibial spur.

Selenops mexicanus, 3 , full figure, much enlarged, from above; 18a, eyes from in front ;

18 5, vulva.

. Selenops minutus, S, tibia and tarsus of palpus from below; 19a, ditto from above;

194, eyes from in front; 19 ¢, eyes from above.

Selenops minutus, 9, full figure from above, legs and palpi omitted; 20a, vulva;

20 4, variety.

. Pseudosparianthis mirabilis, 2 , eyes from above; 21 a, spinners from below; 21 4, vulva.

. Heteropoda venatoria, g, full figure from above; 22a, tibia and tarsus of palpus from

below; 22 4, tibia from below; 22, ditto from outside.

. Heteropoda venatoria, 3, full figure from above; 23a, profile; 234, right mandible from

below; 23c, eyes from above; 23d, ditto from in front; 23 e, method of holding and

carrying egg-sac; 23, vulva.

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SINUATIPES .

CALCARATUS

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13,13a¢ CELETYCHEUS PARADOXUS.

14,1446 SHLENOPS NIGROMACULATUS.

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; Edwin Witson,lith. Cambridge :

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vow. II.

PLATE IX.

. Heedillus sewpunctatus, 2: 1a, outline profile ; 1, eyes from above; le, eyes from in front; 1 d, left

mandible from beneath.

. Sparassus obtusus, 3 , right palpus from the outside ; 2a, tarsus of palpus from beneath.

. Sparassus obscurus, 3 , right palpus from the outside ; 3 a, tarsus of palpus from beneath.

. Sparassus fugiens, 3, right palpus from the outside; 4a, ditto from the inner side, showing bulb.

. Sparassus erroneus, 9, vulva.

. Sparassus manifestus, 3 , left palpus from the outside.

. Sparassus stylifer, 3, left palpus from the outside; 7 a, ditto from beneath.

. Sparassus minax, 3, tibia of left palpus from outside ; 8a, tarsus of ditto from beneath.

. Sparassus minax, 2 , vulva.

. Sparassus clarus, 3, tarsus of palpus from beneath ; 10a, tibia of ditto from the outside; 10, ditto

from the inner side.

. Sparassus clarus, 2 , eyes from in front; 11a, ditto from above; 11, vulva.

. Sparassus ensiger, 3, tibia of palpus from the outside; 12a, tarsus of ditto from beneath; 126, tibia

of ditto from above.

. Sparassus annulatus, tarsus of palpus from beneath ; 134, ditto from the inner side; 13 , tibia of ditto

from the outside; 13, bulb of ditto from beneath; 13d, tibia of ditto from above.

. Sparassus ferrugineus, 2 , vulva.

. Ramnes semotus, 2 , eyes from above; 15a, eyes from in front; 15 6, right mandible from beneath.

. Prusias nugalis, 3, eyes from above; 16a, eyes from in front.

. Ebo latithorax, 2 , eyes from above.

. *Philodromus aureolus, 2 , eyes from above.

. Apollophanes punctipes, 3, right palpus from beneath; 19a, apex of tibia of ditto, showing form of

tibial spur.

. Apollophanes punctipes, 2 , vulva.

21.

Apollophanes maculatipes, 3, eyes from above; 21a, right palpus from beneath; 21 6, apex of tibia of

ditto, showing form of tibial spur.

. *Thanatus formicinus, 2 , eyes from above.

23.

24,

. Misumenoides tibialis, 3 , tibia and tarsus of left palpus from above.

26.

27.

. Misumenoides maynus, 2 , eyes from in front; 28 a, eyes from above; 28d, vulva.

29.

. Misumenoides annulipes, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside.

. Misumenoides bifissus, 3 , tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outside.

. *Runcinia lateralis, 2 , eyes from in front ; 32 a, eyes from above.

. *Misumena vatia, 2 , eyes from in front; 33a, eyes from above; 336, tarsus of leg i.; 33c, tarsus of

Tibellus affinis, 2 , eyes from above.

* Pistius truncatus, 9 , eyes from in front; 24a, eyes from above.

Misumenoides blandus, 9 , vulva.

Misumenoides magnus, 3, tibia and tarsus of left palpus from above.

Misumenoides parvus, 3 , right palpus from above.

leg i. beneath; 33d, left mandible from beneath.

Nore.—The species marked with an asterisk are not Central-American forms. Drawings of their structure

have been inserted to illustrate the characters of the typical representatives of these genera.

The independent letters a, b are used in certain cases to indicate identical porticns of structure in the various

views represented.

Bul? Conir ob

3346 ”

4,4a6 7

59 ”

7,746 ”

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10.10a,b 6 ”

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F.0. Pickard-Cambridge,de!

SPARASSUS ENSIGER .

ANNULATUS.

FERRUGINEUS.

RAMNES SEMOTUS.

PRUSIAS NUGALIS.

EBO LATITHORAX.

ILODROMUS AUREOLUS.

1900, 20% APOL LOPHANES PUNCTIPES.

TACULATIPES.

THANATUS FORMICI!

1, lad? HCADILLUS SEXPUNCTATUS. le, 120, bo

2,206 SPARASSUS OBTUSUS.

63 » MANIFESTUS.

P32 IFA

239 TIBELLUS AFFINIS.

24,2442 PISTIUS TRUNCATU

256 MISUMENOIDES NBTALIS

269 ” BLANDUS.

276,28,28a,b2 » MAGNUS.

296 ” PARVUS.

306 ” ANNULIPES.

316 ” BIFISSUS.

32,32a2 RUNCINIA LATERALIS.

33 '33a-d9 MISUMENA VATIA

Edwin Wilson, tith. Cambridge .

Fig. 1.

for)

Cc oe

12.

15.

36.

37.

38.

Nors.—

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE X.

* Misumenops georgianus, 2? , vulva: (a) chitinous hood, (b) fovea.

. Misumenops spiralis, $, palpus from beneath: (a) spine, (6) tibial spur. (Figures taken from

Keyserling’s type.)

- Misumenops volutus, 3, palpus from beneath: (a) spine, (0) tibial spur; 3a, ditto from the outside.

. Misumenops prosper, 3 , palpus from beneath; 4a, ditto from the outside: (a) spine, (6) tibial spur.

. Misumenops damnosus, 9, vulva; 5 a, lateral view: (a) chitinous hood, (b) fovea. (These figures are

taken from the type of M. particeps, O. P.-Cambr.) ~

. Misumenops spinosus, 3, palpus from beneath: (a) spine, (6) tibial spur.

. Misumenops pascalis, 2 , vulva.

. Misumenops americanus, 2 , vulva (type); 8a, ditto, variety from St. Vincent.

. Misumenops americanus, var. pallens, 2, vulva; 9a, ditto, variety. (Our figures are taken from

Keyserling’s types.)

. Misumenops dubius, 2, caput and eyes from in front; 10a, ditto from above and in front (figures

from the type of M. dubius); 106, vulva (figure from the type of M. ornatus).

. Xysticus pellavx, 3, palpus from the outside: (a) spurs.

Xysticus pellax, 2, vulva.

. Xysticus facetus, 3, palpus from the outside: (a) spurs.

. *Synema globosum, 2 , eyes from in front and above.

Synema affinitatum, 2 , vulva.

. Synema affinitatum, 2, var. cultum, vulva.

. Synema affinitatum, 3, var. politum, palpus from beneath.

. Synema palliatum, 2, vulva.

. Synema bimaculatum, 2 , vulva.

. Synema maculosum, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Synema maculosum, 2, vulva.

. Synema socitum, 3, palpus from beneath,

. Parasynema cirripes, 2 , eyes from in front and above.

. *Tmarus piger, 2, eyes from in front.

. Tmarus studiosus, 2 , vulva.

. Tmarus intentus, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Tmarus intentus, 2, vulva.

. Tmarus ineptus, 2 , vulva.

. Tmarus mundulus, 2, vulva.

. Tmarus decens, 9 , vulva.

. Tmarus jocosus, 2, vulva.

. TPmarus corruptus, 2 , vulva.

. Epicadinus trifidus, 2 , dorsal view of carapace and abdomen; 33a, lateral view of ditto.

. *Epicadus heterogaster, 2 , dorsal view of carapace and abdomen; 34a, lateral view of ditto ; 345, caput

and eyes from in front; 34¢, femur and patella of leg i.

. Onocolus pentagonus, 3, palpus from beneath; 35a, ditto from the outside; 356, anterior margin of

caput, showing the pair of sensory spines (b) between the anterior central eyes (a).

Onocolus pentagonus, 2, dorsal view of carapace and abdomen; 36, caput and eyes from above;

36 b, tactile tubercle and hair beneath femur i.; 36, another form of tactile hair; 36d, lateral

view of movable spine beneath tibia i., with its socket ; 36 ¢, tarsus of leg i., showing tarsal claws ;

36 f, vulva.

Tobias rugosus, 3, palpus from the outside.

Tobias rugosus, 2, dorsal view of carapace and abdomen; 384, lateral view of ditto ; 38 6, cephalic

region and eyes from above; 38 c, caput and eyes from in front.

The species marked with an asterisk are not Central-American forms. Figures of their essential

characters are inserted for the purpose of comparison.

The independent letters a, 6, ¢ are used in certain cases to indicate identical portions of structure in the

various views represented.

obuchuitn Banus CLIAID

S GEORGIANUS. 136 XYSTICUS FACETUS. 266,279 TMARUS INTENTUS.

SPIRALIS. 142 SYNEMA GLOBOSUM 28 2 + INEPTUS.

VOLUTUS 15° - AFFINITATUM. 299 % MUNDULUS.

PROSPER. 16° woe: , > CULTUM. 30° 3 DECENS

DAMNOSUS. 17d a » ,»v POLITUM. 31° > JOCOSUS.

SPINOQSUS 189 7 PALLIATUTN. 52° x + CORRUPTUS

PASCALIS. ig? : BIMACULATUM. 23,33a2 EPICADINUS TRIFIDUS.

AMERICANUS 206,242, ee lass 34,34a-c9 EPICADUS HETEROGASTER.

= ow PALGENS..226 2 OCLUN. 35,35a,bd ONOCOLUS PENTAGONUS.

1010a,b DUBIUS. 25? PARAS NEMA CIRRIPES. 36, 36a-f ®

114,129 XYSTICUS PELLAX. 249 OMARGS PIGER. 316,58, 20a-c TOBIAS RUGOSUS

rae, STUDIOS

Wilson, Lith. Cambridge

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA._ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XI.

Metatobias stelloides, 9: 1a, femur and patella of right leg i.; 14, eyes from above;

lc, eyes from in front; 1d, vulva. .

Paratobias championi, 9 : 2a, eyes from in front; 2, eyes from the side; 2c, eyes from

above; 2d, femur of left leg i. from above; 2, vulva.

. Stephanopoides brasiliana, 3, eyes from in front; 3a, eyes from above.

. Parastephanops cognatus, ? , eyes from in front.

- Isaloides putus, 3 , from above, legs and palpi removed ; 5 a, eyes from in front; 54, eyes

from above and behind; 5c, vulva.

. Majella affinis, 2 , from above, legs and palpi removed; 6a, vulva.

Majella spinigera, 3? , from above, legs and palpi removed; 7a, eyes from above and in

front; 7 6, maxille, labium, palpi, and mandibles, from below; 7c, sternum and coxe

of legs.

. Strophius hirsutus, 2, eyes and mandibles from in front and above; 8a, maxilla, labium,

and palpi, from beneath; 8 4, sternum and coxe of legs.

. Toxeus centralis, 8, from above, legs and palpi removed; 94, sternum, coxe of legs,

maxille, and labium; 9 4, palpus from above.

. Toxeus centralis, 8, var., from above.

. Toxeus centralis, 3 , vulva.

. Toxeus championi, 3, profile view, legs removed; 12a, right palpus from the outside;

126, tarsus of palpus from the inside; 12c, tarsus of palpus from the outside;

12d, ditto from beneath; 12 e, f, right mandible from beneath, two views.

. Toxeus championi, 2? , vulva.

. Martella pottsi, 3, left palpus from the outside (after Emerton).

. Martella potisi, 2 , vulva (after Emerton).

. Martella lineatipes, 2? : 16a, vulva; 166, vulva, var.

. Simoneila americana, g, from above, legs and palpi removed; 17a, right palpus from

below; 17, ditto, another view; 17 c, ditto from the outside and above.

; CA Joni C%

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6 J6a2 MAJELLA AFFINIS

1,ta-d2 METATOBIAS STELLOIDES.

23a-e9 PARATOBIAS CHAMPION. 7 Ta-c

49 PARASTEPHANOPS COGNATUS. 9,9a,b6 TOXEUS CENTRALIS

5a-c@ ISALOIDES PUTUS. 10s - ,

F.0. Pickard Cambridge,del.

SPINIGERA

3,3a6 STEPHANOPOIDES BRASILIANA. 8, '3a,b @ STROPHIUS HIRSU TU 5.

> Var

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139 > 3

146,159 MARTELLA POTTSI.

16,16a,,b9 . eer YEATIPES:

AT A'7Ta-c$ SIMONELLA AMERICANA.

B Wilson ,Cambridge

Fig. 1.

10.

FI.

13.

14.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

VOL. II.

PLATE XII.

Simonella bicolor, 3: 1a, profile view of spider, palpi and legs removed; 14, eyes from

above and behind; le, right palpus from the outside; 1d, profile view of right

mandible.

. Simonella bicolor, 2: 2a, profile view, palpi and legs removed; 2, eyes from above and

behind; 2c, underside, showing sternum and coxe and trochanters of legs iii. and iv. ;

2d, vulva.

. Simonella decipiens, 8: 3a, profile; 3 6, left palpus, from the outside ; 3c, tibia and tarsus

of left palpus from below.

. Simonella decipiens, 2: 4a, vulva.

. Paradametas formicina, 3, left palpus from below (after Emerton).

. Paradametas formicina, 9: 6a, left profile of carapace; 66, vulva (after Emerton) ;

6c, vulva (after F. O. P. C.).

Synageles variegata, &, right palpus from below; 7a, right palpus from outside and

tibial spur, enlarged.

. Synageles variegata, 2: 8a, left profile, legs and palpi removed; 84, sternum, coxe, and

trochanter of legs; 8c, right leg of first pair, profile outside ; 8 d, vulva.

. Keyserlingella cara, 8, left palpus, outside ; 9a, ditto from below (after Emerton).

Erica eugenia, 8, right profile; 10a, left palpus, outside; 10 6, bulb from beneath ;

10c, bulb, another view.

Lyssomanes spiralis, 8: lla, right profile of spider; 11, sternum, mouth-parts, and

coxe of legs; 11lc, eyes from in front; 11d, right palpus from the outside; 11e, ditto

from inside ; 11 f, ditto from below; 11g, ditto, another view; 114, left mandible from

above; 11i, ditto from below; 117, eyes from above and behind.

Lyssomanes spinifer, 3, left palpus beneath ; 12a, ditto beneath from inside; 124, ditto

from outside; 12, left mandible from beneath ; 12d, left palpus from beneath, another

view; 12e, ditto from inside, another view.

Lyssomanes spinifer, ? , vulva, usual form; 13a, ditto, variety.

Lyssomanes elegans, ? , vulva.

Nore.—The small letters signify corresponding portions of structure.

} yop

brackiuils Leranvilean GET Geb 72

SIMONELLA BICOLOR. 6,6a-c9 PARADAMGTAS FORMIGINA. 10,0acdé ERIGA EUGENIA

09 » 7 1ad SYNAGHLES VARIEGATA | it itla-j6 LYSSOMANES SPIRALIS

r DEG IPIE NS. 8,8a-d Q ”? > I2/2a-e d SPINIFER

09 9.96.0 KEYSBRLINGIELIA CARA i3i3a¥ 9

PARADAMCETAS FORMICINA. 149 | es Be aes

F.0. Pickard Cambridge, del H Wilson , Cambridge

SOYI}Cd [01}UND 10j0OD WVGOm

Fig. 1.

ba |

al.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IT.

PLATE XIII.

Lyssomanes patens, 3, palpus, left outside; 1a, eyes and mandibles from in front (after

Emerton).

. Lyssomanes patens, 3? , eyes and mandibles from in front ; 2 a, vulva (after Peckham).

. Lyssomanes protarsalis, $, palpus, left inside; 3a, ditto, outside; 34, mandible from

below ; 3c, ditto from above.

. Lyssomanes simplicipes, §, palpus, left outside; 4a, ditto, beneath; 4, ditto, inside;

4c, mandible from below; 4d, ditto from above.

. Lyssomanes deinognathus, 8, palpus, left from below; 5a, ditto, outside; 55, mandible

from below; 5c, ditto from above.

. Lyssomanes deinognathus, 2 , vulva.

. Lyssomanes pachygnathus, ¢, palpus, left below ; 7 a, ditto, outside.

. Lyssomanes remotus, 3, palpus, left outside; 84a, ditto, inside; 8 4, ditto, beneath ;

8c, mandible from below.

. Lyssomanes trifurcatus, 3, palpus, left inside; 9a, ditto, outside; 96, mandible from

below; 9c, ditto from above.

. Lyssomanes trifurcatus, 9 , vulva.

. Lyssomanes mandibulatus, § , palpus, left below; 11a, ditto, outside ; 116, mandible from

below; llc, ditto from above.

. Lyssomanes elegans, ?, spinners from above, (z) anal tubercle; 12a, ditto from below ;

12 4, vulva.

. Lyssomanes placidus, 3 , palpus from below (after Peckham).

Lyssomanes jemineus, 3, palpus from below (after Peckham).

. Lyssomanes jemineus, ? , vulva.

. Lyssomanes gracilis, ¢ , vulva.

. Lyssomanes blandus, ¢ , vulva (after Peckham).

. Asemonea flava, 3 , vulva (after Peckham).

. Cobanus mandibularis, 3, palpus, left below; 19 a, mandible from in front.

. Cobanus extensus, 3, full figure; 20 a, palpus, left below ; 20, ditto, outside; 20c, tibial

spur, enlarged; 20d, palpus, outside, another view, with tibial spur enlarged; 20¢,

mandible from below; 20/, ditto, another view; 20g, palpus from below.

Cobanus extensus, 3 , leg of first pair, left inside ; 21 a, ditto, left outside.

LEGS eB 4] 7 47 gf Bes ,

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2 ot 2 9 9,9a-co 9 TRIFURGATUS > 169 2

3,3a-c 6 > PROTARSALIS. 109 0 xe 1792 oe

A,da-dd » OIMPLICIPES. dLitaecd ” MANDIBULATUS.189 ASEMONEA F]

5,98-C 6 DEINOGNATHUS 12,124,b9° ?? ELEGANS. 19,19ad6_ GOBANUS MA

9 13.8 2 PLACIDUS. Aieergo. = p EXT!

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7,7a0 99 PACHYGNATHUS

. Ht Wilson ,Cambridge.

F.0. Pickard Cambridge, del.

SOYIJEd [01}]UOD 10|0D NVGO»

Fig. 1.

- oO

10.

it.

ARACHNIDA.— ARANEIDEA.

VOL, II.

PLATE XIV.

Cobanus flavens, $, palpus from beneath; 1a, ditto, another view; 16, mandible from

beneath ; 1c, palpus from the outside; 1 d, sternum and coxe of legs.

. Cobanus flavens, 2 , dorsal aspect, legs and palpi removed; 2 a, carapace and eyes, profile

view; 26, carapace and eyes from above; 2c, eyes and clypeus from in front ;

2d, mandible from beneath; 2 e, vulva; 2 f, ditto, that of a variety.

Cobanus unicolor, 3, mandible from below; 3a, palpus from the outside.

Cobanus subfuscus, 8 , mandible from below ; 4a, palpus from beneath,

Amycus benignus, 8: 5a, palpus from the inside; 5 4, ditto from the outside; 5 c, ditto

from below; 5 d, mandible from beneath; 5 e, ditto with fang opened; 5 f, eyes of

left side; 5 g, eyes and clypeus from in front ; 5 h, sternum.

Amycus benignus, 2: 6a, carapace and eyes, profile view; 6 4, carapace and eyes from

above ; 6c, leg i. from the outside; 6 d, ditto from the inside; 6 e, tarsus 1., showing

claws and claw-tufts ; 6 f, spinners from below; 6 g, spinners from above; 64, vulva;

6i, ditto, that of a variety.

. Amycus quadriguttatus, 8: 7a, palpus from the outside, with tibial spur enlarged ;

7 b, mandible from below ; 7c, palpus from beneath.

Amycus quadriguttatus, 2 , dorsal aspect, legs and palpi removed; 8 a, vulva.

Amycus hieroglyphicus, 8: 9a, palpus from beneath, with spine of bulb enlarged ;

9 6, palpus from the outside, with tibial spur enlarged ; 9 c, mandibles from in front.

Amycus hieroglyphicus, ? , vulva (after Emerton).

Amycus palpinalis, 9: 11 a, palpus from beneath ; 114, palpus from the outside, with

tibial spur enlarged; 11c, mandible from the side and from beneath; 11d, ditto from

in front; lle, eyes, clypeus, and mandibles from in front.

2h) A

/ a 3 A pil “4 ie

COA i GN Len ICOTIOS

1,1a-dé COBANUS FLAVENS.

22 a-fQ » ”

33a » UNICOLOR.

4,443 m SUBFUSCUS.

F.0. Pickard Cambridge,del.

5,9ahdé AMYCUS BENIGNUS.

6, 064 ¥ 4 9,

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wtla-ed 29 PALPINALIS.

Hi Wilson , Cambridge

SOYI}Ed [01}UOD 10/0D WVGOm

Fig. 1.

OD ob oo

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vot. II.

PLATE XV.

Titanattus sevus, 8, palpus from beneath (after Peckham) ; 1a, ditto, another example ;

16, ditto from the outside; 1c, mandible from in front; 1d, ditto from below;

le, ditto from below, another view; 1/, tibia of leg i. from below; 1 g, leg i. from the

inner side ; 1 A, leg iv. from below; 12, sternum; 1), eyes, clypeus, and mandibles from

in front (after Peckham) ; 14, carapace in profile view ; 1/, eyes of left side a little

from above *.

Amycus spiralifer, 8, palpus from beneath; 2a, ditto from the outer side; 20, ditto from

the inner side; 2c, eyes, clypeus, and mandibles from in front; 2d, mouth-parts and

mandible from beneath ; 2 e, mandible from beneath.

Amycus pacatus, ¢, palpus from beneath ; 3a, ditto from the outer side.

. Amycus fallax, 8 , palpus from the outer side (after Emerton).

. Amycus fallax, 2? , vulva (after Emerton).

. Sidusa recondita, S, palpus from beneath; 6a, ditto, another view; 64, ditto from the

outer side.

. Sidusa recondita, 2, dorsal view, legs removed; 7a, vulva; 70, ditto from another

example; 7c, ditto from a third example; 7 d, ditto from a fourth example.

. Sidusa maxillosa, , palpus from beneath; 8a, ditto from above; 84, ditto from the

outer side; 8c, mandible from beneath; 8 d, maxille and labium ; 8 e, sternum.

. Sidusa mazillosa, 2, eyes from above; 9a, ditto from in front; 90, carapace, profile

view ; 9c, leg i. from the outer side; 9 d, leg i. from the inner side; 9 e, vulva.

Sidusa marmorea, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 10a, vulva.

. Sidusa olivacea, 2? , dorsal view, legs removed; 11 a, vulva.

. Sidusa pallida, 2, vulva.

Sidusa dentichelis, 8, dorsal view, legs removed; 13a, mandibles from beneath; 134,

palpus from beneath.

Sidusa minuta, &, dorsal view, legs removed; 14a, mandibles from beneath; 14 4, palpus

from beneath.

Sidusa nigropicta, 8, dorsal view, legs removed; 15a, palpus from beneath; 15 8, ditto

from the inner side; 15 c, ditto from the outer side; 15 d, mandible from beneath.

* The numbers are incorrectly given as 1, 1 a-k in the text.

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Wilson ,Cambridge. .

SdYyd}eq |01]U0D 10109 YVGOW

-ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XVI.

. Sidusa festiva, 8, left palpus from beneath; 1a, ditto from above; 1 4, ditto from the

inner side; 1c, mandible from beneath; 1d, sternum; 1 e, maxillz and labium.

. Sidusa festiva, 3, leg i. from the outside; 2a, ditto from the inner side ; 20, eyes from

above ; 2c, ditto from in front ; 2d, carapace and eyes in profile; 2e, vulva; 2/f, ditto,

immature example.

3. Sidusa inermis, 3, left palpus from beneath; 3a, ditto from the inner side; 3, mandible

from beneath; 3c, maxille and labium.

4, Sidusa inernis, 2? , carapace and eyes in profile; 4a, vulva.

5. Sidusa penicillata, 8, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the inner side; 5a, ditto from the

outer side ; 5 6, mandible from beneath.

6. Sidusa penicillata, 2 : 6a, vulva; 6 4, ditto, immature form ; 6 c, mandible from beneath.

7. Sidusa vittata, 2 : 7 a, vulva; 76, ditto, variety.

8. Sidusa nigrina, 2 : 8a, vulva; 8 4, ditto, variety ; 8c, ditto, immature form.

9. Sidusa albida, 3 , vulva.

10. Sidusa cristata, : 10a, right palpus from beneath; 106, ditto from the outside;

10 c, leg i. from the inner side.

1l. Sidusa spirorbis, 6: lla, right palpus from below; 114, ditto from above; 1l1c, leg i.

from the inner side; 11d, ditto from above, (a) shows the fringe on the tarsus ;

11 e, leg iv. from above.

12. Sidusa nigriventer, § : 12a, ventral area of abdomen; 1246, right palpus from beneath ;

12, ditto from the outside; 12 d, left mandible from beneath.

13. Sidusa nigriventer, ¢ , vulva.

14. Sidusa murcida, 2 : 144, vulva.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

VOL, II.

PLATE XVIL.

Sidusa fulvoguttata, 2? , dorsal view; 1 a, vulva.

. Sidusa albicincta, 8: 2a, palpus from beneath; 2 6, mandible from beneath; 2c, palpus

from beneath, variety ; 2d, eyes from the left side.

Sidusa albicincta, ¢ , vulva; 3a, ditto, variety or immature.

. Sidusa parvula, 8, palpus from beneath.

. Sidusa parvula, 2, vulva.

Sidusa conspecta, 6: 6a, mandible from beneath; 64, palpus from beneath; 6c, eyes

from the left side.

. Sidusa conspecta, 2: 7 a, carapace and eyes, profile; 76, ditto from in front ; 7c, ditto

from above ; 7 d, leg i. from the inner side; 7 e, leg i. from the outer side; 7 f, vulva;

7g, ditto, variety or immature.

Sidusa alacris, 3? , dorsal view, legs removed; 8a, vulva.

. Sidusa circumcincta, ¢ , vulva.

. Sidusa quadriguttata, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 10a, vulva.

. Sidusa brevispina, g: 11 a, spinners, from above (a, anterior pair; c, central pair;

p, posterior pair; a, anal tubercle) ; 114, eyes from the left side; 11c¢, palpus from

beneath.

. Sidusa brevispina, 3, vulva.

. Sidusa lutea, 8, palpus from beneath.

Sidusa spiralis, 8: 14a, right palpus from the outer side; 14, ditto from beneath ;

14, ditto from the outer side, another view; 14d, ditto, variety, from beneath;

14e, mandible from beneath.

. Sidusa voluta, 2, vulva; 15 a, ditto, variety.

. Sidusa sulphurea, 3, palpus from beneath; 16 a, ditto from the outer side.

. Sidusa sulphurea, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 17 a, vulva; 17 4, ditto, variety.

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SO9YI}Ed [01}U0D 10/0DN NVGdO»

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13.

14.

16.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IT.

PLATE XVIII.

Sidusa flavida, 3 : 1a, palpus from beneath,

Sidusa flavida, 2 , vulva.

. Sidusa binotata, 8, palpus from beneath.

. Sidusa excavata, 8, palpus from beneath; 4a, mandibles from above; 44, ditto from

beneath.

Sidusa opima, 8, palpus from beneath.

. Sidusa opima, 2 , vulva.

. Pensacola signata, 8 : 7a, palpus from beneath; 75, mandibles and eyes from in front;

7c, mandible from above; 7d, ditto from beneath; 7 e, maxille and right mandible

from beneath; 7, right mandible from in front and above.

. Pensacola sylvestris, 8, palpus from beneath; 8a, ditto from the inner side; 8 8, tarsus

and apex of tibia of ditto from the outer side; 8c, eyes and mandibles from in front.

. Pensacola radians, ? , vulva.

. Pardessus mimicus, 2? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 10a, vulva.

. Pardessus graciosus, 2? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 11 a, vulva.

. Cyrene regia, : 124, palpus from beneath ; 124, ditto from the side, showing tibial spur

at (6); 12c, ditto from above; 12d, ditto from above, another view; 12e, mandible

from beneath; 12,f, carapace and eyes from above; 12g, sternum.

Cyrene regia, 2 : 18a, eyes from in front; 13 4, carapace and eyes, profile view; 13c, leg i.

from the inner side; 13 d, vulva.

Cyrene longispina, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 14a, palpus from beneath; 144, ditto

from above, showing tibial spur (a); 14c¢, ditto from the outer side, another view;

14.d, ditto from the outer side and somewhat beneath.

. Cyrene bilobata, g , palpus from beneath, showing tibial spur (a) ; 15 a, ditto from the outer

side; 15, ditto, showing bilobate bulb; 15 c, ditto from the outer side, another view ;

15 d, mandible from beneath.

Cyrene bulbosa, 3, palpus from the inner side; 16a, tibia of ditto, showing the spur ;

16 b, ditto from beneath; 16 c, femur and patella of ditto; 16 d, mandible from beneath.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. LI.

PLATE XIX.

Cyrene prominens, § , palpus from beneath ; 1a, ditto from above; 1 4, ditto, variety, from

beneath ; 1c, ditto, variety, from above, showing the tibial spur; 1d, ditto from the

outer side; 1 e, mandible from beneath.

Cyrene prominens, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 2a, vulva.

. Cyrene curvispina, g , dorsal view, legs removed ; 3 a, palpus from beneath ; 3 4, ditto from

the outer side, showing the tibial spur; 3c, tibial spur enlarged.

. Cyrene pratensis, 3, dorsal view, legs removed ; 4a, palpus from beneath ; 4 4, ditto from

the outer side; 4.¢, mandible from beneath; 4d, carapace and eyes from above;

4e, sternum.

. Cyrene pratensis, ° , dorsal view, legs removed; 5a, ditto, variety ; 56, femur of leg i.

from above; 5c, vulva; 5d, ditto, malformed variety.

. Cyrene grisea, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 6a, palpus from beneath; 64, ditto from the

outer side; 6c, mandible from beneath.

Cyrene bifida, 3, dorsal view, legs removed ; 7 a, palpus from beneath; 7 4, ditto, showing

apex of bulb enlarged ; 7c, ditto from the outer side; 7 d, mandible from beneath.

. Cyrene rustica, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 8a, palpus from beneath; 8 8, ditto, another

view; 8c, ditto from above, showing the tibial spur at (4); 8d, mandible from beneath.

Cyrene rustica, 9, vulva (after Peckham).

Cyrene minuta, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 10a, palpus from beneath, showing apical

formation at (a); 104, ditto from above, showing the tibial spur at (bd) ; 106, ditto

from the outer side.

. Cyrene bifurcata, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 11a, palpus from beneath ; 11 4, ditto

from the outer side, showing the tibial spur at (0).

Cyrene maculatipes, : 12a, palpus from beneath; 124, ditto from the outer side ;

12¢, ditto, showing the tibial spur enlarged; 12d, ditto, another view.

Cyrene emarginata, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 134, vulva,

Cyrene infuscata, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 14 a, vulva.

. Cyrene bicavata, 3, dorsal view, legs removed ; 15 a, vulva.

Cyrene albosignata, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 16a, vulva.

. Cyrene hieroglyphica, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 17 a, vulva.

Cyrene flava, ¢ , dorsal view, legs removed; 18a, vulva.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IT.

PLATE XX.

. Cyrene bisignata, ¢ , dorsal view, legs removed ; 1 a, vulva.

Cyrene mediocava, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 2 a, vulva.

Cyrene laticava, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed; 3 a, vulva.

Cyrene simplicicava, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 4a, vulva; 46, ditto, variety.

Cyrene pallida, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed; 5 a, vulva. .

Cyrene fusca, 2, dorsal view, legs removed ; 6a, tibia iv. from beneath; 64, sternum;

6c, vulva.

Cyrene elegans, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 7 a, vulva.

Cyrene bicuspidata, §, dorsal view, legs removed; 8a, palpus from beneath ; 8 4, ditto

from above, showing tibial spur.

Cyrene bicuspidata, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 9a, vulva.

. Cyrene delecta, 3, dorsal view, legs removed ; 10 a, palpus from beneath ; 10 4, ditto from

the outer side; 10c, mandible from beneath.

. Cyrene delecta, 2 , dorsal view ; 11 a, vulva; 11 4, ditto, variety. .

. Cyrene aprica, 3, palpus from the outer side; 12a, ditto from beneath; 124, ditto from

the outer side, another view.

. Cyrene aprica, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 13 a, vulva (after Emerton).

. Cyrene interrupta, 2, dorsal view, legs removed; 14a, leg i. from the inner side;

146, vulva; 14, ditto, variety ; 14d, ditto, another variety.

. Cyrene flavescens, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 15 a, vulva.

. Cyrene dybowskii, 3, palpus from beneath.

Cyrene dybowskii, 2? , dorsal view ; 17 a, vulva.

. Cyrene niveogutiata, 3, palpus from beneath; 18a, ditto from the outer side; 183,

mandible from beneath.

. Cyrene niveoguttata, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed; 19 a, vulva.

. Cyrene geminata, 2 , vulva.

. Thotmes paykulli, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 21a, palpus from beneath ; 21, ditto

from the inner side; 21lc, ditto from the outer side; 21d, carapace from above ;

21 e, sternum.

Thotmes fanne, 3, dorsal view ; 22 a, palpus from beneath.

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Fig. 1.

19.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IT.

PLATE XXTI.

Habronattus mexicanus, : 14a, palpus from above; 1 4, ditto from the outer side; 1 ¢, ditto

from beneath; 1d, tibia of ditto; le, femur and patella of leg i.; 1f, tibia of left

leg from beneath; 1g, femur and patella of leg iii. from in front; 1h, ditto from

behind.

. Habronattus mexicanus, 3 , variety, dorsal view, legs removed.

. Habronatius mexicanus, 2: 3a, vulva; 3, ditto, variety.

. Habronattus viridipes, 8, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 4, ditto from the outer side ;

46, tibia and tarsus of ditto from above.

. Habronattus viridipes, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 5 a, tibia of legi. from the inner side ;

5 6, vulva.

. Habronattus belligerus, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 6a, vulva. (After Emerton.)

. Habronattus latens, 9, vulva. (After Emerton.)

Habronattus paratus, : 8a, palpus from beneath. (After Emerton.)

Habronattus zebraneus, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 9a, vulva.

Habronattus perfidus, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 10 4, tibia and tarsus of palpus from

beneath.

. Colonus puerperus, 3: 11 a, tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath; 11 4, ditto from the

outer side; llc, maxilla; 11 d, mandible from beneath.

. Colonus puerperus, 3 : 12a, mandible from beneath ; 128, spinners from above; 12, tibia

of leg i. from beneath; 12d, vulva; 12e, ditto, variety.

. Colonus crucifer, 3 , vulva.

. Epinga ornata, 8, tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath; 14a, sternum.

. Epinga ornata, 9: 15 a, vulva; 15 6, protarsus from beneath.

. Epinga ornata, ? , variety, dorsal view, legs removed.

. *Marpissa muscosa, ? , carapace and eyes from above; 17a, sternum ; 17 4, leg i. from the

outer side; 17 c, spinners from beneath.

. Marpissa melanognatha, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath; 18a, ditto from

the outer side; 184, ditto, variety ; 18 c, ditto from the inner side; 18d, mandible ;

18 e, ditto, variety.

Marpissa melanognatha, ¢, dorsal view, legs removed; 19a, sternum; 194, vulva;

19 ¢, ditto, from an example not fully mature.

* Nors.—The species marked with an asterisk is not a Central-American form. Figures of its essential

characters are inserted for the purposes of comparison.

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26 ” eee 8,648 ” PANATUG. .15,4bap2 * 09

3,3a,0? 99 oe 9,949? 9 ZEBRANEUS. 169 ” ” var

4,4a,b 4 : VIRIDIPES, 10,1046 ” PERFIDUS. 17,17a-c? MARPISSA MUSCOSA.

ee 99 ” 11,11ad3 COLONUS PUERPERUS. 18,18a-eé 9 MELANOGNATHA.

bak ; E {2 ,l2 Be 99 99 19,19 a0 2 99 99

13 9 » CRUCIFER.

F.0. Pickard Cambridge, del H Wilson ,Cambridge

NoRe <)

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vot. II.

PLATE XXII.

Marpissa familiaris, 8, palpus from beneath. (After Peckham.)

. Marpissa familiaris, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 2.a, vulva. (After Peckham.)

. Marpissa magna, g, palpus from beneath; 3a, bulb of palpus, another view ; 34, palpus

from the outer side; 3c, mandible from beneath.

. Marpissa magna, 2: 4a, vulva.

. Marpissa minor, 3, palpus from beneath; 5 a, ditto from the outer side.

. Marpissa minor, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed.

. Marpissa melanura, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 7 a, tibia i. from beneath, inner side

at (a); 76, vulva; 7c, ditto, variety.

. Phanias flavostriatus, 2? , sternum; 8a, protarsus iv. from beneath; 8 4, vulva.

. Metacyrba teniola, 3, palpus from beneath.

Metacyrba teniola, 9, leg i. from the outer side; 10a, protarsus iv. from beneath ;

106, vulva.

Paramarpissa tibialis, 8, carapace from above; lla, palpus from the outer side and

beneath ; 11 4, ditto from beneath ; llc, ditto from the inner side; 11 d, leg i. from

the inner side.

Cheliferoides segmentatus, g: 12a, carapace from above; 124, sternum; 12¢c, palpus from

the outer side beneath ; 12 d, ditto from the outer side; 12 e, leg i. from the inner side ;

12f, anal tubercle from above.

Rudra geniculata, 9: 13 a, carapace from above ; 130, sternum; 13 ¢, leg i. from the inner

side ; 13 d, tibia and protarsus iv. from beneath; 13 e, vulva.

Rudra polita, 9, vulva. (After Emerton.)

Anoka grenada, $, dorsal view, legs removed; 15a, ditto, variety; 156, sternum ;

15 c, maxille; 15 d, mandibles from above; 15 e, palpus from beneath; 15 f, ditto from

the outer side; 15g, mandible from beneath; 15 h, leg iv. from beneath; 157, leg i.

from the inner side.

Anoka fimbriata, 8, maxille; 16a, mandibles from above; 166, bulb of palpus from

beneath; 16c, ditto, another view; 16d, tibia of palpus from the outer side.

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Fig. 1.

OM. oF

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. I.

PLATE XXIII.

Ashtabula dentata, 3, carapace and eyes; la, sternum and maxille; 10, mandible from

beneath ; 1c, palpus from beneath; 1d, ditto from the outer side; 1 e, leg i. from the

outer side.

Ashtabula nigricans, 8, carapace and eyes; 2a, palpus from beneath; 24, palpal spine

enlarged; 2c, ditto from the outer side; 2d, mandible from beneath; 2e, leg i. from

the inner side.

Ashtabula nigricans, 2 , leg i. from the inner side.

Metaphidippus mandibulatus, $, palpus from beneath; 4a, ditto from the outer side;

4b, mandible from beneath ; 4¢, ditto from beneath, another view; 4d, ditto from

above; 4e, maxilla.

Metaphidippus nitidus, § , mandible from beneath.

Metaphidippus nitidus, 3 , vulva.

Metaphidippus tridentatus, $ : 7 a, palpus from beneath; 7 6, mandible from beneath.

Metaphidippus octonotatus, § : 8a, palpus from beneath; 86, ditto from the outer side;

8c, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus octonotatus, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 9a, vulva.

. Metaphidippus felix, , dorsal view, legs removed; 104, palpus from beneath; 10, man-

dible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus dentiger, §, palpus from beneath; 11a, tibia of palpus, showing spur;

11 4, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus longipalpus, 3 : 12a, palpus from beneath ; 12 6, ditto from the inner side ;

12c¢, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus globosus, $, dorsal view, legs removed; 13a, palpus from beneath ;

13 4, ditto from the outer side; 13c, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus mazillosus, § : 14a, palpus from the outer side; 14 4, palpal spine enlarged ;

14.¢, palpus from beneath ; 14d, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus apicalis, § : 15a, palpus from beneath; 15 6, mandible from beneath ;

15 c, tibia i. from beneath; 15 d, patella, tibia, and protarsus 1. from the inner side.

Metaphidippus apicalis, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 16 a, vulva.

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Saydjed |01]U0D 10109 YYGO»

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IT.

PLATE XXIV.

Metaphidippus bispinosus, §, palpus from the outer side; 1a, ditto from beneath ;

14, mandible from beneath.

Metaphidippus bispinosus, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 2a, vulva; 2, ditto, variety.

. Metaphidippus lanceolatus, 8: 3a, mandible from beneath ; 3 4, ditto, another view;

3 ¢, ditto from above; 3d, palpus from beneath.

. Metaphidippus levispinus, 8: 4a, palpus from the inner side; 44, ditto from the outer

side; 4:c, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus letabilis, 8: 5a, palpus from beneath; 54, eyes and mandibles from in

front. (Our figures are taken from Peckham’s work.)

Metaphidippus dubitabilis, 2, vulva. (After Peckham.)

. Metaphidippus furcillaius, 8, dorsal view, legs removed; 7a, palpus from beneath;

7 6, tibia of ditto from the outer side.

Metaphidippus furcatus, 3, paipus from beneath; 8 a, tibia of ditto from the outer side.

. Metaphidippus flavolineatus, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 9a, palpus from beneath ;

9 b, ditto from the outer side; 9c, mandible from beneath.

. Metaphidippus variegatus, § , mandible from beneath; 10a, palpus from beneath, and tibia

of ditto.

. Metephidippus variegatus, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 11 a, vulva.

. Metaphidippus digitatus, 8, dorsal view, legs removed; 12a, palpus from the outer side;

126, mandible from beneath; 12c, palpal bulb from beneath.

. Metaphidippus bicuspidatus, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 134, palpus from beneath ;

13 4, tibia of ditto from the outer side.

. Metaphidippus centralis, 3, palpus from the outer side; 14 a, ditto from beneath.

. Metaphidippus centralis, 2, vulva. (After Peckham.)

. Metaphidippus nigropictus, 2? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 16a, vulva; 16 3, ditto, variety.

. Metaphidippus pallidatus, 9 , dorsal view, legs removed; 17 a, vulva.

. Metaphidippus expallidatus, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 18 a, vulva.

. Metaphidippus bicavatus, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed; 19a, sternum; 19 4, protarsus iv.

from beneath; 19c, leg i. from the inner side; 19 d, vulva.

. Metaphidippus cupreus, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 20a, vulva.

Biot, Contr bm ctrachuila Mrancilea Wet Sab A

194

1,1a,b¢6 METAPHIDIPPUS BISPINOSUS. 8, 8ad6 METAPHIDIPPUS FURCATUS. 14,14a¢ METAPHIDIPPUS CENTRALIS.

22 ang 0 09 9,9a-t¢ » FLAVOLINEATUS, 159 09 oa

Oe Gra ” LANCEOLATUS. - 10,1046 99 VARIEGATUS. 16,16 a,b? "9 NIGROPICTUS.

AA acd ” LEVISPINUS. iia? ” s Thi & 9 PALLIDATUS

5 ao 9 LATABILIS. Lee tr he 9 DIGITATUS. 18,18 a & ” EXPALLIDATUS.

6¢ ” DUBLIABHAS. i3458,06 ” BICUSPIDATUS. 19,19 a-d¢ ” BICAVATUS.

tnt OO 9 FURCILLATUS. 20,2089 ” CUPREUS.

F.0. Pickard Cambridge, del. EH Wilson , Cambridge.

SOYI}Ed [01JUOD 10j/0D YVGO»m

10.

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12.

13.

14.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXV.

Metaphidippus ovatus, ? , dorsal view, legs removed; 1 a, vulva.

. Metaphidippus iridescens, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed; 2 a, vulva.

. Metaphidippus inflatus, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 3 a, vulva.

Metaphidippus momus, ¢ , dorsal view, legs removed ; 4a, eyes from above; 44, spinners

from above; 4c, vulva.

Metaphidippus quadrinotatus, 2? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 5a, vulva; 5 4, ditto, variety.

Metaphidippus ochraceus, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 6a, vulva.

Metaphidippus pallens, 9: 7 a, vulva.

Metaphidippus hondurensis, 2 , vulva.

. Metaphidippus capitatus, 8, abdomen, dorsal view; 9a, palpus from beneath. (After

Peckham.) _

Metaphidippus capitatus, ¢ , abdomen, dorsal view; 10a, ditto, variety; 106, vulva. (After

Peckham.)

Paraphidippus laniipes, 8: 11a, palpus from beneath; 11 4, tibia of palpus from the outer

side; llc, mandible from beneath; 11d, leg i. from the inner side; 11 e, protarsus i.,

about the middle.

Paraphidippus inermis, 8: 12 a, mandible from beneath ; 12 4, ditto, variety; 12, palpal

bulb from beneath; 12d, tibia and patella of palpus from the outer side.

Paraphidippus funebris, 8: 13 a, palpus from the outer side; 13 4, palpal bulb from beneath ;

18 c, ditto from the outer side; 13d, maxilla; 13e, mandible from above; 13 f, ditto

from beneath; 13g, ditto, variety ; 13 h, leg i. from the inner side.

Paraphidippus funebris, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 14 a, vulva.

Some - Ga ‘s é ; Ps ; CGO, fy

Pod Conte atone thats Lraneilei UBT Lat Ze ES

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139 730

,1a2 METAPHIDIPPUS OVATUS 6,6a° METAPHIDIPPUS OCHRACEUS. 10,10a.b° METAPHIDIPPUS CAPITATUS.

ae Oe 9 IRIDESCENS. 77a 9 PALLENS. 11,11 aed PARAPHIDIPPUS i ANIPES

Saat # 9 INFLATUS. 8 2 9 HONDURENSIS. 12)2ad¢ ”9 [NERMIS.

44-09 » MOMUS. 998d ” CAPITATUS. 13,13ahé , FUNEBRIS,

5, 26,0 ¥ ” QUADRINOT 14,144, 9 99

F.0. Pickard Cambridge ,del Hi Wilson , Cambridge

S9YI}ed |O1JUOD 10/0D NVGOm

ARACHNIDA.-_ARANEIDEA.

Vout. I.

PLATE XXVI.

. Paraphidippus chrysis, 8 : 1a, palpus from beneath ; 1 4, ditto, variety ; 1c, ditto, variety,

showing tibial spur.

. Paraphidippus chrysis, 9: 2a, ditto, variety; 26, ditto, another variety; 2c, vulva;

2d, ditto, variety ; 2e, ditto, another variety ; 2, ditto, an immature example.

Paraphidippus disjunctus, 2 : 3 a, ditto, variety; 34, eyes from above; 3c, vulva.

Paraphidippus marmoratus, 2: 4a, ditto, variety; 46, vulva; 4c, ditto, variety ;

4d, ditto, immature example.

Paraphidippus fartilis, 2, vulva. ®

Paraphidippus militaris, 8, palpus. (After Peckham.)

Paraphidippus militaris, 2, vulva. (After Peckham.)

Paraphidippus mexicanus, 2 , vulva.

Phidippus carneus, 2 : 9a, vulva. (After Peckham.)

. Phidippus foveolatus, 9 : 10 a, eyes from above; 108, vulva.

. Phidippus aureopilosus, 2 : 11 a, vulva.

Bit Cenir Low ctpachviuida Lbranitiletn GE li E TH. 2 py.

1,1a-hd PARAPHIDIPPUS CHRYSI5S os PARAPHID PPUS Ce . 8° PARAPHIDIPPUS ME XIC ane 5.

22 af 2 ” ' = 636 MILITARIS. 0,049: PHIDIPFUS Sar.

Soar 99 DISJUNCTUS. Le ” 9 10,10 a,b 2 ”9 ¥ EOLA TUS.

Aad 09 MARMORATUS. 3 11.1149 AUREOPILOS

FO. Pickard Cambridge,del. : E Wilson , Cambridge.

S9YI}ed [O1JUOD 10|OD NVGOw

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXVII.

. Phidippus tuberculatus, 3: 1a, palpus from beneath; 16, ditto from the outer side ;

1 c, carapace from above ; 1 d, leg i. from in front.

Phidippus tuberculatus, 2: 2a, carapace, lateral view ; 2 6, vulva.

. Phidippus arizonensis, 3, palpus from beneath. (After Emerton.)

. Phidippus cruenitus, 2: 4a, vulva.

Phidippus georgii, 2, vulva. (After Emerton.)

. Phidippus brunneus, 3, palpus from beneath ; 6 a, ditto from the outer side; 68, mandible

from beneath.

. Phidippus brunneus, 2: 7 a, vulva.

. Phidippus howardi, 8, palpus. (After Emerton.)

. Phidippus albulatus, 3: 9 a, sternum; 940, palpus from beneath; 9, apex of bulb enlarged ;

9 d, tibial spur of palpus; 9e, mandible from beneath; 9f, maxilla from beneath.

. Phidippus mexicanus, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Phidippus bidentatus, 8: 11a, palpus from beneath ; 114, patella and tibia of palpus from

the outer side ; 11 c, apex of bulb enlarged; 11d, mandible from beneath.

. Parnenus cyanidens, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Parnenus cyanidens, 9: 184, eyes from in front; 134, carapace, lateral view. (After

Emerton.)

. Parnenus cuspidatus, 3 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 14a, palpus from beneath ; 146, ditto

from the outer side; 14c¢, mandible from beneath ; 14d, maxilla from above.

Parnenus fimbriatus, : 15a, palpus from beneath; 156, mandible from beneath ;

15 c, leg i., tibia from the inner side.

. Zygoballus rufipes, & , palpus from the outer side ; 16a, ditto from beneath ; 16 6, mandible

from beneath; 16, ditto from outer side; 16d, spider, profile view; 16, sternum ;

16f, palpus from the inner side; 16 g, leg i., tibia from the inner side; 16 A, leg iv.,

protarsus from beneath.

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6) " ARIZONENSIS. 86 99 HOWARDLI. | 14,14a-dd6 CUSPIDATUS.

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PHIDIPPUS TUBERCULATUS.

e 99 GEORGI. ee 99 MEXICANUS. 6,i8ahé ZYGUBALLUS: RUFIPES:

1 "9 BIDENTATUS.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXVIII.

Zygoballus rufipes, 2, leg i. from the outer side; 1 a, vulva.

Zygoballus remotus, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Zygoballus tibialis, 8, palpus from beneath ; 3 a, ditto from the outer side; 3 4, ditto,

another view.

. Zygoballus tibialis, 9: 4a, ditto, variety ; 4, leg i. from the outer side; 4c, vulva.

. Zygoballus minutus, 8, palpus from beneath ; 5 a, ditto from the outer side.

Zygoballus minutus, ? , vulva.

Zygobalius maculatus, 9: 7 a, vulva.

Beata magna, @, carapace from above; 8a, mandible from beneath; 8 6, sternum ;

8c, leg i. from the outer side; 8 d, protarsus iv. from beneath; 8e, vulva; 8/, ditto,

variety.

. Beata cephalica, 2, carapace from above; 9a, mandible from beneath; 96, sternum ;

9c, leg i. from the outer side; 9d, protarsus iv. from beneath; 9e, vulva.

Homalattoides roseus, 8, palpus from beneath; 10a, ditto from the outer side; 10 4, leg i.

from the inner side.

Homalattoides roseus, 9 , mandible from beneath; 11a, sternum ; 11 4, protarsus iv. from

beneath.

. Homalattoides longipes, 8, palpus from the outer side; 12, ditto, bulb from beneath ;

126, ditto from the outer side, another view; 12c, ditto from beneath, variety ;

12 d, mandible from beneath ; 12e, ditto, another view; 12 f, leg i. from the inner side ;

12g, protarsus iv. from beneath.

. Homalattoides alboguttatus, $, palpus from beneath; 13a, mandible from beneath ;

13 3, leg i. from the outer side.

. Coccorchestes scarabeoides, 2: 14a, vulva.

. Coccorchestes adjacens, 9: 15a, eyes from in front; 15 4, sternum; 15¢, leg i. from the

outer side; 15 d, vulva.

. Fuentes pertinax, §, paipus from beneath ; 16a, ditto from the outer side; 164, ditto

from above.

. Fuentes pertinaz, ? , vulva.

. Balmaceda picta, 3, palpus from the outer side; 184, ditto from beneath ; 1848, ditto

from above.

. Balmaceda picta, ? , carapace from above; 194, vulva,

Biot Cente cp

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REMOTUS.

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MINUTUS.

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8,8af? BEATA MAGNA.

9,9ae9 » CRPHALICA.

1040 ab¢ HOMALATTOIDES ROSEUS.

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12.42 a-g d : LONGIPES.

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16,16abd¢ FUENTES PERTINAX

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SOYIJCd |O1JUOD 10}/OD MVGOw

ie. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXIX.

Tomis palpalis, 8, palpus from beneath; 1a, ditto, showing tibial spur; 1 4, mandible

from beneath.

Balmaceda punctata, 8, palpus from beneath; 2a, ditto from the outer side. (After

Emerton.)

Balmaceda punctata, 9, vulva. (After Emerton.)

Nagaina incunda, 3, vulva. (After Emerton.)

Bagheera kiplingi, 8, palpus from above; 5a, ditto from the outer side; 5, eyes and

mandibles from in front. (After Emerton.)

Shira designata, ? , eyes and mandibles from in front. (After Emerton.)

Avitus dioleni, 9, palpus from the outer side; 7a, eyes and mandibles from in front.

(After Emerton.)

Akela charlotte, §, palpus from the inner side; 8a, ditto from the outer side. (After

Emerton.)

. Tulpius hilaris, 3, palpus from beneath. (After Emerton.)

. Messua desidiosa, 9, vulva. (After Emerton.)

. Eris barbipes, 3, leg i. from the outer side; lla, vulva. (After Emerton.)

. Cotinusa distincta, 8, palpus from beneath. (After Emerton.)

. Epiblemum albocinctum, ¢, vulva. (After Emerton.)

. Euophrys newtoni, 2, vulva. (After Emerton.)

. Euophrys ysabali, 3, palpus from the outer side.

. Cupiennius sallei, 8: 16a, palpus from beneath; 164, ditto from the outer side;

16, eyes from in front.

. Cupiennius sallei, 2: 17a, profile; 176, eyes and mandibles from in front; 17 c, spiuners

from beneath; 17d, apex of mandible from beneath; 17 e, tarsus i. from beneath,

showing claw-tufts; 17 f, ditto in profile, with claw-tuft removed from one side ;

179, ditto from in front ; 17, abdomen from beneath ; 17 i, vulva.

. Cupiennius coccineus, 3 , vulva.

. Ctenus scopulatus, 2, tarsus i. from in front.

. Heteropoda venatoria, ?, tarsus i. from in front.

. Lycosa tarentula, 2 , tarsus i. from in front.

Norr.—Figg. 19, 20, and 21 are added for comparison with fig. 17, to show the form of the apical sclerite

(plantula) with and without the small third claw.

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2°84 ay 3 BALMAC HERDER AP. UJ NC au TAT Pe

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CONTINUSA DISTINOTA.

KUOPHRYS NEWTONI.

128

18 EPIBLEMUM ALBOCINCTUM,

153 EUOPHRYS YSABALI.

16,16a-cd CUPIENNIUS SALLEI

17,17 a19 9 9

189 ” COCCINEUS

199 CTENUS SCOPULATUS.

209 HETEROPODA VENATORIA.

219 LYCOSA TARENTULA.

Hi Wilson , Cambridge

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXX.

. Cupiennius foliatus, 3, underside; 1 a, palpus from beneath.

. Cupiennius foliatus, 2? , dorsal view, legs and palpi removed ; 2 a, vulva.

. Lycoctenus bogotensis, 6: 3a, palpus from beneath.

Lycoctenus bogotensis, 2 , claws of tarsus i.; 4a, spinners, from beneath; 4 4, vulva from

above; 4c, ditto, profile.

Thaumasia velox, §, eyes from in front; 5a, palpus from the outer side (c, chitinous

process of bulb; c’, ditto from an Amazonian example) ; 5, tibial spur of palpus lying

on the base of the tarsus ; 5, tibial spur.

Thaumasia uncata, 3, palpus from beneath; 6a, tibial spur of palpus.

Thaumasia uncata, 3 , vulva.

Tinus nigrinus, 3, palpus from beneath ; 8 a, bulb of palpus from the outer side; 8 4, tibial

spur of palpus.

Tinus nigrinus, 2 , vuiva.

Tinus tibialis, $ , palpus from beneath ; 104, tibia of palpus ; 100, bulb of palpus from

the outer side.

. Tinus tibialis, 2, vulva.

. Tinus minutus, 2 , vulva.

. Enna velox, 3, tibia of palpus from beneath; 13 a, ditto from above; 13 0, eyes from in

front.

. Enna velox, 3, vulva.

. Trechalea habilis, 3, tibia of palpus, showing spur.

. Trechalea extensa, 8: 16 a, eyes from in front ; 164, tibia of palpus from the outer side,

showing spur.

_ Trechalea convexa, 3, tibia of palpus from the outer side, showing spur.

. Syntrechalea tenuis, 3 , vulva.

. Pardosa prolifica, §, bulb of palpus from beneath ; 194, ditto from the inner side.

. Pardosa prolifica, ? , dorsal view, legs and palpi omitted ; 20a, vulva.

. Pardosa longivulva, g, bulb of palpus from the inner side; 21a, ditto from beneath.

2. Pardosa longivulva, ? , vulva.

. Pardosa falcifera, 3, bulb of palpus from beneath.

. Pardosa falcifera, 9, vulva; 24a, ditto, variety.

. Pardosa flavipalpis, 3, bulb of palpus from beneath; 25a, central unca, another view ;

25 b, ditto, from another example.

. Pardosa flavipalpis, 3 , vulva.

_ Pardosa uncatula, &, bulb of palpus from beneath ; 27 a, ditto from the inner side.

. Pardosa uncatula, 2? , vulva.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

CUPIENNIUS FOLIATUS.

-1Q 99 99

6 THAUMASIA VELOX.

79 ” UNCATA.

, TINUS NIGRINUS.

9 TIBIALIS.

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LYCOCTENUS BOGOTENSIS.

119 TINUS TIBIALIS.

12.2 2» MINUTUS.

1349a,b 8 ENNA VELOX.

149 " 9

156 TRECHALEA HABILIS.

16416 a,b 6 ” EXTENSA.

173 ” CONNEXA.

189 SYNTRECHALEA TENUIS.

19,19ad PARDOSA PROLIFICA.

20,20a2 PARDOSA PROLIFICA.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXI.

. Pardosa unguifera, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Pardosa unguifera, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed; 24, vulva.

. Pardosa falcula, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Pardosa hamifera, 3, palpus from the outer side; 4a, ditto from beneath.

. Pardosa linguata, ? , dorsal view, legs removed ; 5 a, vulva.

- Pardosa plagula, 2 , vulva.

. Pardosa lineata, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 7 a, vulva.

. Pardosa canalis, ¢ , vulva.

. Lycosa insignis, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 9 a, eyes from in front.

. Lycosa hirsuta, 2 , vulva.

. Lycosa subfusca, 2 , vulva.

. Lycosa brunnea, ° : 124, vulva.

Lycosa transversa, 2 , vulva.

. Lycosa ventralis, 2 , abdomen, ventral area; 14a, vulva.

. Lycosa longivulva, 2, vulva.

. Lycosa lativulva, 3 , vulva.

Lycosa dilatata, ? , abdomen, ventral area; 17 a, vulva.

. Lycosa brevitarsis, 2 , vulva.

Lycosa constricta, 2, vulva.

. Lycosa longitarsis, 2 , vulva.

. Lycosa guttatula, 9 , vulva.

Lycosa uncata, 8, abdomen, ventral area; 22a, bulb of palpus from outer side; 226, ditto,

another view, enlarged.

. Pirata feliz, 2? , vulva.

|. Arctosa trifida, 3, palpus from beneath.

. Arctosa trifida, 2 : 25a, vulva.

. Arctosa minuta, 6, palpus from beneath.

27.

. Arctosa cinerea *, 3, barbiform process of palpus.

. Arctosa cinerea*, 2? , vulva.

. Sosippus mexicanus, $, palpus from the outer side.

. Sosippus mexicanus, 2 : 31 a, eyes from above and behind; 31 4, ditto from in front ;

Arctosa minuta, ? , vulva.

31 c, vulva.

Tegenaria derhami, 3, palpus.

Tegenaria derhami, 3 , vulva.

Tegenaria flexuosa, &, palpus from above; 34 a, ditto from beneath.

Agelenopsis nova, 3, palpus from beneath ; 35 a, ditto from above.

Agelenopsis marginata, 3, palpus from the outer side; 36 a, ditto from beneath.

Agelenopsis elegans, § , palpus from beneath ; 37 a, ditto from the outer side; 37 4, eyes

from in front.

Agelenopsis transversa, $ , palpus from the outer side ; 384, ditto from beneath.

* The figures of this species are taken from British specimens.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

By Le Ce Contr of)

1d,2,2a9 PARDOSA CN UTE RAS

36 FALCUL

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7,749 ” LINEATA.

89 CANALIS.

9,9ad LYCOSA INSIGNIS.

109 HIRSUTA.

119 » SUBFUSCA.

12,f2a9 ” BRUNNEA.

F.O.Pickatd-Cambridge, del.

Liat Water

139 LYCOSA TRANSVERSA

44,14a9 ENTRALIS.

169 » LATIVULVA.

17,17a9 =»): DILATATA.

189 » BREVITARSIS.

199 » GONSTRICTA.

209 » LONGITARSIS.

219 » GUTTATULA.

22,22a,bd » UNGATA,

OPA

via et. ie a OE Sxl. 7

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239 PIRATA FELIX.

246,25,25a2 ARCTOSA TRIFIDA-

264,279 »” MINUTA.

28.36,299 » CINEREA

30d; A, 3la-c9 SOSIPPUS MEXICANUS

328,339 TEGENARIA DERHAMI

54,34a6 ” FLEXUOSA.

35, 55a6 AGEL ENOPSIS NOVA.

36 »56a.d MARGINATA

37537a,b6 »” RLEGANS.

58 38a 6 % TRANSVERSA.

Edwin Wilson, Cambridge.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXII.

. Agelenopsis simplex, 8, palpus from beneath; 1 a, ditto from the outer side ; 18, tibia and

base of tarsus of palpus, enlarged.

Agelenopsis lobata, 2 , vulva.

Agelenopsis cuspidata, 2 , vulva.

. Agelenopsis bicavata, 3 , vulva.

. Agelenopsis cavata, ? , vulva.

. Agelenopsis costata, 3 , vulva.

Agelenopsis attenuata, ? , vulva.

Agelenopsis penetralis, 2 , vulva.

Agelenopsis variabilis, ? , vulva.

Agelenopsis glaucopis, ? , vulva.

. Peucetia longipalpis, 3, palpus from the outer side.

. Peucetia bibranchiata, $, palpus from the outer side; 12 a, ditto from inner side, beneath.

. Peucetia bibranchiata, ? , with egg-cocoon ; 13 a, eyes from above ; 13 b, vulva; 136, ditto,

variety.

Oxyopes gracilis, 8, tibia and base of tarsus of palpus; 14a, tarsus of palpus ; 144, ditto,

another view.

. Oxyopes gracilis, 2 , eyes from above; 15 a, vulva from below ; 15 3, ditto, lateral view.

. Oxyopes cornutus, 3, tarsus of palpus.

. Oxyopes tricuspidatus, 3, tarsus of palpus from beneath ; 17a, tibia and base of tarsus of

ditto; 17 4, tibial spur, another view.

Oxyopes globosus, 3, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 18a, ditto, lateral view; 18 3, ditto,

another view; 18 ¢, tibia of palpus.

. Oxyopes globosus, 2, vulva; 19a, ditto, variety or immature.

. Oxyopes bifidus, 3, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 20a, tibia of palpus.

. Oxyopes bifissus, 3, tarsus of palpus from beneath; 21 a, tibia of palpus.

. Oxyopes bifissus, 3, vulva.

. Oxyopes tibialis, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 23 a, ditto, another view.

. Oxyopes calcarifer, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus.

. Oxyopes lingulifer, 2, vulva from beneath ; 25 a, ditto, lateral view.

. Oxyopes clypeatus, 2? , vulva.

. Oxyopes annulipes, 3 , vulva.

28.

Oxyopes transversus, 2 , vulva.

Oxyopes brunneus, 3 , vulva.

. Oxyopeidon putum, g, tibia and base of tarsus of palpus; 30 a, tibial spurs, another view ;

30 4, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outer side.

. Oxyopeidon putum, 2, vulva ; 314, ditto, variety.

. Oxyopeidon flebile, 3 , vulva.

. Oxyopeidon letum, 2 , vulva.

. Oxyopeidon subfacile, 2 , eyes from above; 34 a, ditto from in front.

. Oxyopeidon molestum, 2 , vulva.

Hamataliwa facilis, 9 , eyes from above; 36 a, ditto from in front ; 36 4, vulva.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

ratruila rameter VEU Geb 32

1,1a,b¢ AGELENOPSIS SIMPLEX.

2°9 vs LOBATA.

3g ” CUSPIDATA.

49 v9 BICAVATA.,

59 ” CAVATA,

69 % COSTATA.

79 n ATTENUATA.

89 " PENETRALIS

99 v9 VARIABILIS .

102 v9 GLAUCOPIS.

EO. Pickard Cambridge,del.

113

{2,j2ad,

14, 144,b

17, 17 ab

18, 18a-c¢

20,20ad

21,21aé4,

23,238 a8

246

25,2548

LONGIPALPIS.

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262 OXYOPES CLYPEATUS.

279 ” ANNULIPES.

28 9 » TRANSVERSUS.

299 » BRUNNEUS.

30,30a,b4, 31,31a% OXYOPEIDON PUTUM.

329 ” FLEBILE.

339 ” LA TUM.

34,3489 " SUBFACILE.

35? MOLESTUM.

36,364a,0 ? HAMATALIVA FACILIS

E Wilson ,Cambridge

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXIII.

. Senoculus prolatus, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 14a, bulb, enlarged; 1 4, ditto, another

view.

Senoculus prolatus, 2 , vulva.

Senoculus canaliculatus, 3, bulb of palpus.

. Senoculus canaliculatus, 2: 4a, vulva.

. Tama mexicana, 3, bulb of palpus.

. Tama mexicana, ? , eyes from above ; 6a, ditto from in front; 6 3, spinners from beneath ;

6c, vulva.

. Tama forcipata, 3, bulb of palpus.

. Zorocrates fuscus, §, bulb of palpus; 8a, tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath.

Zorocrates fuscus, : 9a, eyes from in front; 98, spinners from beneath ; 9 c, protarsus iv. ;

9d, vulva.

. Zorocrates mistus, g, bulb of palpus; 10a, tibia and tarsus of palpus from the outer side.

. Zorocrates mistus, ? , vulva.

. Acanthoctenus spinigerus, g, bulb of palpus; 12a, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from

above:

. Acanthoctenus spinigerus, 2: 13a, eyes from in front; 138, spinners from beneath;

13 c, protarsus iv.; 13 d, calamistrum on ditto, enlarged; 13, vulva.

. Acanthoctenus spinipes, g, bulb of palpus; 14a, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from

above.

. Acanthoctenus spinipes, 2? , vulva.

. Metafecenia albolineata, 8, bulb of palpus; 16a, tibia of palpus from above, showing

spur; 164, right palpus.

. Metafecenia albolineata, ?, eyes from in front; 17a, cribellum and base of anterior pair

of spinners.

. Dictyna parietalis, 3, tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath.

. Dictyna parietalis, 2 , vulva.

. Dictyna niveus, $, bulb of palpus; 20a, ditto from beneath.

. Dictyna niveus, 3 , vulva.

. Dictyna grandis, 2 , protarsus iv., with calamistrum; 22a, cribellum and anterior pair of

spinners; 226, vulva.

. Temecula mexicana, , tibia and tarsus of palpus from beneath.

. Temecula mexicana, 2, cribellum and base of anterior pair of spinners; 24a, eyes from

above; 246, protarsus iv., with calamistrum ; 24, vulva.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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2° ” 9 10,10ad ” MISTUS 17,17a¢ ” ”

36d ” CANALICULATUS. 112 % sa 184192 DICTYNA PARIETALIS.

4,4a? ” ” 12,12a3 ACANTHOCTENUS SPINIGERUS. 20,2046 ” NIVEUS

oe) TAMA MEXICANA. 13,13 a-e 2 ” ” 21¢ ” ”

6,6ac2 » m 14,14ad ” SPINIPES. C2 PL AVE ” GRANDIS.

73 » FORCIPATA. 152 ” 236 TEMECULA MEXICANA

8,8ad ZOROCRATES FUSCUS. 24,24a-0 ¢ ” ”

F.0. Pickard Cambridge,del. E Wilson ,Cambridge.

Boo

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXIV.

Deinopis longipes, 8 : 1a, palpus; 1, underside of bulb; 1c, central process of ditto.

Deinopis longipes, ° , carapace, from above; 2a, eyes from in front; 248, vulva.

Deinopis auritus, 3, palpus.

Deinopis auritus, 2, vulva ; 4a, carapace from above ; 40, eycs from in front; 4c, lateral

view of spider, legs removed; 4d, spinners from beneath; 4e, protarsus iv., with

calamistrum.

. Uloborus signatus, 3, palpus.

Uloborus signatus, 2, vulva from in front ; 6a, ditto from above and behind.

. Uloborus vicinus, 2 , vulva from in front ; 7 a, ditto from behind.

. Uloborus variegatus, 2? , vulva from above; 8a, lateral view.

. Uloborus geniculatus, 8, palpus ; 9a, bulb from beneath.

. Uloborus geniculatus, 2? , with egg-cocoons, and g: 10a, eyes from above; 104, protarsus iv.,

with calamistrum ; 10c, spinners from beneath; 10 d, vulva; 10, ditto, another view.

. Uloborus cinereus, 2? , vulva.

. Uloborus spernax, ? , vulva.

. Miagrammopes mexicanus, ?: 13 a, carapace from above.

. Miagrammopes alboguttatus, 2: 14a, carapace from above; 146, spinners from beneath ;

14.c, protarsus iv., with calamistrum.

. Artema atlanta, 8, palpus from the inner side; 15a, ditto from the outer side; 15 4,

mandibles from in front.

. Artema atlanta, 2 : 16 a, ventral aspect of abdomen.

. Modisimus inornatus, 8, palpus from the outer side; 17a, eyes from in front; 174,

mandibles from in front.

. Modisimus inornatus, 2 , ventral aspect of abdomen, showing vulva.

. Modisimus propinquus, 8, mandibles from in front; 19a, palpus from the outer side;

196, ditto, another view.

. Modisimus maculatipes, 9 , vulva.

. Modisimus putus, 2 , vulva.

. Physocyclus globosus, 3, palpus from the outer side; 22a, process of bulb, enlarged ;

226, mandibles from in front.

. Physocyclus globosus, 2 , lateral view, legs removed.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

j,la- 0g DEINOPIS LONGIPES.

2,24,02

33 09 AURITUS.

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56 ULOBORUS SIGNATUS.

6,6a2 99 99

7,7a2 99 VICINUS.

8, 8a? 9 VARIEGATUS.

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Fig.

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14.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXV.

. Physocyclus dugesi, 3, palpus from the outer side; 1a, ditto from in front; 16, mandible

from the outer side; 1 ¢, ditto from in front; 1d, eyes and clypeus from in front.

Physocyclus dugesi, 2, profile view, legs removed; 2a, vulva from above; 2 6, ditto in

profile.

. Physocyclus rotundus, ¢, vulva from above; 34a, ditto in profile, showing the spinners

also; 36, genital rima.

- Spermophora placens, 3, dorsal view, legs removed; 4a, underside of abdomen, showing

spinners.

. Metagonia caudata, 2, palpal bulb from the outer side ; 5 a, mandibles from in front.

. Micromerys delicatus, § , palpal bulb from the outer side; 6a, ditto from in front.

. Coryssocnemis simoni, 2, profile view, legs removed; 7a, vulva from above ; 78, ditto in

profile.

. Coryssocnemis furcula, , abdomen in profile; 8 a, vulva from above; 8 6, ditto in profile.

. Teutana grossa, 3, palpus, side view ; 9a, ditto from beneath.

. Teutana grossa, 3, eyes from in front; 10a, vulva.

. Wamba congener, 3, eyes from above; 11 a, tibia and tarsus of palpus.

Stearodea americana, ¢ , eyes from in front; 12a, vulva.

. Lithyphantes quesitus, g, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 13 a, ditto, another view.

Lithyphantes nigrofemoratus, ¢ , vulva.

. Lithyphantes lugubris, 3 ,eyes from in front; 15 a, spinners from beneath, showing colulus ;

15 b, vulva; 15 c, ditto, from an immature specimen.

. Asagena alticeps, 3, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus; 16 a, ditto from the other side.

. Asagena quadrimaculata, 3, palpus from above; 17 a, ditto, another view.

. Asagena mesta, 2, vulva.

. Latrodectus mactans, g, bulb of palpus, showing embolus; 19 a, eyes from above.

. Latrodectus mactans, 2, dorsal view; 20a, ditto, variety, dorsal view, legs removed ;

206, ditto, variety ; 20c, ditto, variety; 20d, ditto, variety; 20e, ditto, variety ;

20 f, ditto, immature example; 20g, ditto, immature example; 20, ditto, variety

tending towards L. geographicus ; 20%, vulva.

*Latrodectus geographicus, $, eyes from above.

. *Latrodectus geographicus, 2, dorsal view, legs removed.

*Latrodectus geometricus, 8 , eyes from above.

*Latrodectus geometricus, 2 , dorsal view, legs removed ; 24a, ditto, dark variety.

* Figures 21-24 are inserted for comparison; they are taken from specimens from Santarem.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

Biol, Conte oon

1,4a-ddé PHYSOCYCLUS DUGESI. 9, 9ad TEUTANA GROSSA. 17,17ad ASSGENA QUADRIMACULATA.

2,084,028 m7 9 0,104 9 » 18° ie MSTA

3,3a,b¢ ” ROTUNDUS. 1111a¢ WAMBA CONGENER. 1919ad LATRODECTUS MACTANS

44a? SPERMOPHORAPLACENS. 12,1242 STEARODEA AMERICANA. 20,20 a-19 9 ”

5,0adc METAGONIA CAUDATA. 18,13ad LITHYPHANTES QUASSITUS. e&1¢ ” GEOGRAPHICUS.

6,6ad¢ MICROMERYS DELICATUS. 14° 9 NIGROFEMORATUS. 22° 9 9

%7a.b? CORISSOCNEMIS SIMONI. = 15,15a-c9 2» LUGUBRIS. 206 ” GEOMETRICUS.

8 8 a,b? ”9 FURCULA. 16,1623 ASAGENA ALTICEPS. 24,2449 ” ”

F.0 Pickard Cambridge, del. Ei Wilson , Cambridge

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXVI.

Steatoda tepidariorum, 8 : 1a, apex of bulb of palpus ; 1 0, ditto, another view; 1c, ditto,

enlarged.

. Steatoda tepidariorum, ? : 2a, egg-cocoons ; 26, vulva; 2e, ditto, variety ; 2d, ditto,

profile view.

Steatoda teniata, 3, bulb of palpus.

Steatoda teniata, ? , vulva from above and behind ; 4 a, ditto from in front.

. Steatoda florens, 2 , vulva.

Steatoda cavipalpus, 8, palpus; 6 a, ditto, another view.

Steatoda forda, 2? , vulva from above; 7 a, ditto, profile view.

Steatoda mixta, 2 , vulva from above; 8a, ditto, profile view.

Steatoda oblivia, 2? , vulva from above ; 9 a, ditto, profile view.

Steatioda pura, 2, vulva.

Steatoda transversa, 3, bulb of palpus.

. Steatoda compressa, 3 , vulva.

. Steatoda aspersa, 3 , vulva.

Steatoda morula, 2 , vulva from behind ; 14 a, ditto from above.

Steatoda rufipes, 3, bulb of palpus; 15a, apical process, enlarged (example from Tunis) ;

15 4, bulb of palpus ; 15, apical process, enlarged (example from Central America).

. Steatoda rufipes, 2, vulva; 16 a, ditto, more in profile ; 16 4, ditto from above.

. Steatoda munifex, 2 , vulva.

. Steatoda albomaculata, 3, bulb of palpus; 18 a, ditto, another view; 18 4, ditto from above.

. Steatoda albomaculata, 2? , vulva from above; 19 a, ditto, profile view.

. Steatoda voluta, 8, bulb of palpus; 20a, ditto, another view; 20 4, ditto; 20c, ditto from

above.

. Steatoda rubicunda, g, bulb of palpus; 21 a, ditto, another view.

Steatoda sexmaculata, 2, vulva.

. Steatoda longistylum, 3, bulb of palpus; 23a, ditto, another view.

Theridion styligerum, 3, bulb of palpus ; 24a, ditto, another view.

. Theridion evexum, 3, bulb of palpus ; 25a, ditto, another view: enlarged figures ; :

ditto ; 25 c, ditto, another view.

. Theridion evexum, 3 , vulva.

. Theridion electum, 3, bulb of palpus. :

. Theridion thorelli, 8, bulb of palpus; 28a, ditto, apical process enlarged ; 280, ditto,

another view.

Theridion thorelli, 2, vulva, profile view; 29a, ditto, from above; 294, less enlarged,

view from above; 29 ¢, ditto, variety.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

You GAM Shab 6

Ls)

1,1a-cd STEATODA TEPIDARIORUM. 1418 STEATODA TRANSVERSA. 20,2<0acd STEATODA VOLUTA.

20a d9 99 99 12¢ 9 COMPRESSA. 21,21ad ” RUBICUNDA.

3.46,444a% 9 TANIATA. 139 ” ASPERSA. 222 ” SEXMACULATA

ok 9 FLORENS. 44a ” MORULA. 23,23 ad 99 LONGISTYL

8,6ad ” CAVIPALPUS. 1loloa-cd » RUFIPES. 24,24ad THERIDION STYLIGERUM

7,7 ae 9 FORDA. 1616a,b?2 » ” LL0at8 RB » BVEXUM.

8.8a9 .9 MIXTA. 179 . 9 MUNIFEX. 273 % ELEC TUM.

9,9ae ” OBLIVIA 18148a,bd ALBOMACULATA. 28,28 abd ” THORELLI

102 ” PURA. 1919a? ” ” 2929 ac? ” ”

F.0 Pickard Cambridge, del. # Wilson , Cambridge

Fig.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

PC HEnawtk wey

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXVILI.

Theridion niveum, 3, tarsus of palpus; 1a, ditto from beneath.

Theridion niveum, ¢ , vulva.

. Theridion uncatum, 3, tarsus of palpus.

Theridion trepidum, g , tarsus of palpus; 4a, ditto, another view.

. Theridion excavatum, 3, vulva; 5a, ditto, profile view.

Theridion vittatum, g , tarsus of palpus; 64a, ditto, another view.

Theridion vittatum, 3, eyes; 7 a, vulva.

Theridula nigrevittata, g, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus.

Theridula faceta, 3, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus.

Theridula faceta, 2, vulva; 10 a, ditto from behind.

. Theridula opulenta, 2, legs and palpi removed; 11 a, vulva, profile view and view from

above; 114, vulva from above, another example; 11 c, dorsal view, variety ; 11 d, ditto,

another variety.

* Anelosimus eximius, 6, bulb of palpus.

* Anelosimus eximius, 3 , vulva.

Anelosimus jucundus, $, bulb of palpus from the inner side; 14a, ditto from the outer

side; 14 4, ditto, variety, from the outer side ; 14, palpal organs, enlarged ; 14 d, ditto

from the inner side.

Anelosimus jucundus, 3 , at rest, with egg-cocoon, beneath a leaf; 15a, vulva; 15 4, ditto,

variety.

Anelosimus studiosus, 3 , bulb of palpus, from the outer side.

Anelosimus studiasus, 2, vulva.

Thwaitesia affinis, 8, tibia and tarsus of palpus.

Thwaitesia affinis, 2 , eyes from above; 194, vulva.

Euryopis lineatipes, 3, bulb of palpus, view of apex.

Euryopis lineatipes, 3 , vulva.

Euryopis spinigera, 8, bulb of palpus.

Euryopis probabilis, 9, vulva.

Euryopis proxima, ¢ , vulva.

Episinus putus, 8, bulb of palpus ; 25a, ditto, apex enlarged.

Episinus cognatus, 3, bulb of palpus; 26 a, ditto, apex enlarged.

Episinus cognatus, ? , vulva.

Spintharus flavidus, §, bulb of palpus.

Spintharus flavidus, 3 : 29a, ditto, variety, legs removed; 294, ditto, another variety ;

29 c, ditto, another variety ; 29 d, vulva.

Achea crocea, 8, bulb of palpus from above ; 30 a, ditto from below.

Achea mendazx, 3, bulb of palpus; 31 a, ditto, another view.

* These figures are taken from South-American specimens.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

Brod Centr how buch vide Aranviden LLL EIS

QE >

1,1 [DION NIVEUM. 1141a-d? THERIDULA OPULENTA. Loe BURYOPIS PROBABILIS.

38 , UNCATUM. 126,132 ANELOSIMUS EXIMIUS. LAe ” PROXIMA.

4,4 a3 9 TREPIDUM. 14,i4a-dé ” JUCUNDUS. £5,c0a86 EPISINUS PUTUS.

2,0 ak ” EXCAVATUM. 15,15 a,b? ” 9 26,c6adge72 COGNATUS.

6,6ad ” VITTATUM. 163,179 ” _ STUDIOSUS. 283 SPINTHARUS FLAVIDUS.

7,7 ae ” ” 18 6,19,19a? THWAITESIA AFFINIS | £9,29a-dP ” ”

83 THERIDULA NIGROVITTATA. 206, 21° BRURYOPIS LINEATIPES. 30,30a3d ACHHA CROCEA.

94,10,10a? ” FACETA . red 9 SPINIGERA . 31,314 » MENDAX.

F.0 Pickard Cambridge,del, E Wilson ,Cambridge.

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA,

Vou. IT.

PLATE XXXVIII.

Argyrodes argentatus, 8, tarsus of palpus; 1a, caput and eyes in profile.

. Argyrodes argentatus, 3, profile view; 2a, view from in front.

. Argyrodes obtusus, 3, profile, legs removed; 3a, tarsus of palpus; 34, eyes from above

and in front ; 3c, carapace in profile.

. Argyrodes americanus, 3, profile; 4a, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 45, ditto, another view ;

4c, carapace in profile; 4d, eyes from in front.

. *Argyrodes americanus, 3 , vulva; 5a, ditto, profile view.

Argyrodes argenteomaculatus, 3, profile; 6a, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 6, carapace

in profile.

. Argyrodes trigonus, g, profile; 7a, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 7 4, carapace in profile.

. Argyrodes trigonus, ? , front view; 8a, vulva; 84, ditto, profile view.

. *Argyrodes argyrodes, 3, profile view; 9a, caput, eyes, and mandibles in profile;

9 b, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus from above; 9c, ditto from below; 9d, ditto,

palpal organs enlarged.

. *Argyrodes argyrodes, ? , vulva.

. Argyrodes subdolus, 2 , vulva; 11 a, ditto in profile.

. Argyrodes maculosus, § , carapace in profile; 12a, tarsus of palpus.

. Argyrodes maculosus, 2 , vulva; 13a, ditto in profile ; 13 4, ditto, variety.

. Argyrodes jucundus, ¢ , profile, legs removed; 14a, abdomen from in front; 144, vulva;

14 c, ditto in profile.

. Rhomphea furcata, 3 , profile; 15a, ditto from in front ; 15 4, vulva in profile.

. Rhomphea bifissa, 3, profile; 164, abdomen from in front; 16 4, vulva in profile.

. Rhomphea projiciens, 3, tarsus of palpus; 17 a, caput in profile.

. Rhomphea projiciens, ¢ , profile view.

. Rhomphea procera, 3 , carapace in profile; 19a, eyes from above and behind.

. Ariamnes gracillimus, , profile view; 20a, carapace in profile; 206, eyes from above

and behind.

* Figures 9 and 10 are taken from European specimens, and fig, 5 from a South-American example.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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mw , nn lel2ad ” MACULOSUS. 18% 2» ”

» ARGENTEOMACULATUS. 13,13 ab ” ” 19,19a? *” PROCERA.

” TRIGONUS. 20,20a,0? ARIAMNES GRACILLIMUS.

F.0.Pickard Cambridge, del. - E Wilson, Cambridge.

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XXXIX.

Mimetus bigibbosus, 3, bulb of palpus ; 1 a, ditto from the other side; 1 4, palpus, showing

its general character.

. Mimetus crudelis, 3 , bulb of palpus; 2 a, ditto, apical process enlarged.

Mimetus rapax, 3, bulb of palpus ; 3a, ditto, apical process enlarged; 3 4, ditto, another

view.

. Mimetus trituberculatus, 3? , eyes from in front; 4a, vulva.

. Galena mixta, 3, bulb of palpus; 5 a, ditto, apical process enlarged ; 54, palpus, showing

its general character.

Galena mixta, 2 : 6a, eyes from in front; 64, mandible from beneath ; 6 ¢, vulva from

above; 6d, ditto, rather more from above; 6e, ditto from in front.

. Galena consequa, 9, vulva; 7 a, ditto, more from in front.

. Galena distincta, 2? , vulva from in front ; 8a, ditto, more from above.

. Neriene longispina, g , bulb of palpus from inner side; 9 a, ditto from outer side; 9 4, ditto,

another view.

. Neriene longispina, ? , vulva; 10 a, ditto, variety.

. Neriene duplicata, $, carapace in profile; 11 a, eyes from above; 114, femur of palpus,

showing stridulating-cusps ; 11 c, bulb of palpus; 11d, ditto, another view; 11 e, ditto,

another view; 11, ditto, another view.

. Neriene simplicata, 3, bulb of palpus; 12 a, ditto, another view.

. Neriene trifalcata, $, bulb of palpus; 13 a, ditto, another view ; 13 4, ditto, another view.

. Neriene gamma, 8, bulb of palpus; 14 a, ditto, another view; 14 4, mandible from below.

. Neriene pallida, 2, vulva; 15a, ditto, from behind.

. Neriene emarginata, ? , vulva.

. Neriene convera, 2, vulva; 17 a, ditto, lateral view.

. Neriene lambda, 2? , vulva; 18 a, ditto, variety.

. Neriene nigrita, ?, vulva; 19 a, ditto, variety.

. Neriene bifasciata, 3, bulb of palpus ; 20a, ditto, another view.

. Neriene bifasciata, 2, vulva; 21a, ditto, variety ; 21 4, ditto, variety.

. Neriene linguatula, 2 , vulva.

. Neriene limbata, ¢ , vulva.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

Biol Contr otm trachmide ranitia CIID

1,1a,b¢ MIMETUS BIGIBBOSUS. 9,9ab¢ NERIENE LONGISPINA. 169

22a 8 ” CRUDELIS. 10:10 a2 mM 171709

33a.b8 » RAPAX. 1111 afd » DUPLICATA. 1818ae » LAMBDA.

44a? » TRITUBERCULATUS. 2/2 a3 » SIMPLICATA. 1919a2 » . NIGRITA. _

5.5.66 GALENA MIXTA. 1313 apd ” TRIFALCATA. 20,200a8. » ~~ BIFASCIATA.

Chace» 0 aap v GAMMA. BLetabe® » v9

V7 ae » CONSBQUA. 1515 a9 » PALLIDA. 52'9 » LINGUATULA.

8.849 » DISTINGTA, 239 » LIMBATA.

FO.Pickard Cambridge, del. E Wilson, Cambridge.

Fig. 1.

16.

17.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XL.

Frontinella leta, 3, patella, tibia, and tarsus of palpus; 1a, ditto, another view; 1 4, tibial

spur of palpus ; 1c, eyes from above; 1d, left mandible from the outer side; 1 e, ditto

from beneath.

. Frontinella leta, 2? , femur of palpus from the inner side; 2a, vulva.

. Frontinella bicuspis, 3, palpus; 34a, ditto, another view; 34, cephalic region and

mandibles.

. Frontinella falculifera, 3, palpus ; 4a, ditto, tibia and bulb.

. Frontinella uncata, 3, palpus; 5a, ditto, another view; 54, ditto, another view;

5c, mandible from the outer side.

. Frontinella uncata, 2 , vulva.

. Frontinella tibialis, 8, sternum; 7 a, palpus; 7 4, ditto, another view.

. Frontinella rustica, ° , vulva.

. Frontinella confinis, 2, vulva.

. Tetragnatha tropica, ¢, mandible from above; 10a, ditto from below; 104, palpus ;

10c, bulb of ditto; 10d, ditto, another view.

. Tetragnatha tropica, 9, mandible from below; 11 a, ditto, variety.

. Tetragnatha guatemalensis, 3, bulb of palpus ; 12 a, conductor and embolus ; 124, ditto,

another view; 12, ditto from the other side; 12d, mandible from above (with

scarcely any tooth visible at the base of the fang); 12e, ditto; 12 f, ditto (with a

distinct tooth at the base of the fang).

. Tetragnatha guatemalensis, 9 , mandible from below.

. Tetragnatha dentigera, 3, bulb of palpus; 14a, conductor and embolus; 144, ditto from

the other side; 14c, mandible from above (the large apical tooth is foreshortened in

the drawing) ; 14d, ditto from below.

. Tetragnatha alba, 3, bulb of palpus; 15 a, ditto, enlarged; 15 6, ditto from the other

side; 15c, mandible from above ; 15 d, ditto from below.

Tetragnatha tenuissima, 3, bulb of palpus ; 164, ditto from the other side; 16 4, mandible

from above; 16 c, ditto another view.

Tetragnatha tenuissima, 2? , mandible, from above, of an adult example; 17a, ditto from

below; 174, ditto, from above, of the type, an immature example; 17 c, ditto from

below.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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F.0.Pickard Cambridge,del.

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IL.

PLATE XILL

Tetragnatha tenuis, 8, tarsus of palpus; 1 a, ditto from the other side; 1 4, mandible ;

lc, ditto from beneath.

. Tetragnatha tenuis, 2? , mandible, upperside.

. Tetragnatha cognata, 3, tarsus of palpus; 3a, ditto from the other side ; 3, mandible,

underside; 3c, ditto, upperside.

. Tetragnatha cognata, ? , mandible, underside.

. Tetragnatha antillana, , 3 tarsus of palpus, showing :—0., bulb ; cy., cymbium; ¢s., tarsal

sheath ; ¢., tuba or basal portion of embolus; e., embolus; cd., conductor. 5a, ditto

from the other side; 56, mandible, upperside, showing dorsal spur at a; 5, ditto,

underside.

Tetragnatha antillana, ? , mandible, upperside ; 6 a, ditto, underside.

Tetragnatha bidens, 3, tarsus of palpus; 7a, ditto from the other side; 76, mandible,

upperside ; 7 c, ditto, underside.

. Tetragnatha mexicana, 3, tarsus of palpus; 8 a, ditto from the other side; 84, cymbium

of ditto ; 8c, mandible, upperside ; 8d, ditto, underside.

Tetragnatha mexicana, ?, mandible, underside.

Tetragnatha gracilis, ¢, tarsus of palpus; 10a, ditto, conductor and embolus; 10 4,

mandible, upperside.

. Tetragnatha gracilis, 2 , mandible, upperside.

Tetragnatha pallida, 3, tarsus of palpus; 12 a, ditto from the other side; 12 6, mandible,

upperside.

. Tetragnatha pallida, ° , mandible, underside.

Tetragnatha digitata, 8 *, tarsus of palpus; 14 a, ditto from the other side; 14 6, mandible,

upperside.

. Plesiometa argyra, 3, tarsus of palpus ; 15a, ditto from the other side, showing at 6 the

bulb, at e the embolus, at x the spur on the tarsal sheath, at zz the spine at the

base of the embolus; 154, spine at the base of the embolus, enlarged; 15 c, emboius,

enlarged.

Plesiometa argyra, ?, vulva, beneath; 16 a, ditto, viewed in profile.

. Leucauge mandibulata, g, tarsus of palpus, showing the conductor at ¢, the embolus

at e; 17a, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 17, mandible in profile ; 17 c, tarsus of palpus,

showing apophysis of tarsal sheath at x.

. Leucauge mandibulata, ? , vulva.

Leucauge longipes, 3, tarsus of palpus ; 19a, tibia and tarsus of palpus; 19 4, mandible in

profile.

* Wrongly marked ¢ on the Plate.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XLII.

. Leucauge venusta, 3, palpus; 1a, ditto, apex of bulb, showing the embolus (e) ; 14, ditto,

tarsus, showing the embolus (e) and cymbium (c) ; 1c, mandible and maxilla in profile.

. Leucauge venusta, 9, vulva.

. Leucauge aurostriata, g , bulb of palpus; 3 a, ditto, another view.

Leucauge aurostriata, 2? , vulva.

. Leucauge setigera, 3, bulb of palpus ; 5a, palpus, showing the short tibia; 5 6, mandible

in profile.

. Leucauge merens, 3, palpus, patella, tibia, and tarsus; 64a, ditto, bulb showing the

embolus (e) ; 64, ditto, another view.

Leucauge merens, ? , vulva.

Leucauge fragilis, 3? , vulva.

Leucauge idonea, 2, vulva.

Leucauge acuminata, 2, abdomen in profile; 10a, vulva.

. Leucauge simplex, ? , vulva.

. Leucauge lugens, 2, profile view; 12a, vulva.

. Leucauge mesomelas, 2 , vulva.

Mecynometa globosa, ? , vulva.

. Metargyra debilis, 3, palpus.

Metargyra debilis, 2, vulva.

. Pseudometa flava, 3, bulb of palpus, showing apophysis (b); 17 4, ditto from the inner

side; 17 4, ditto from above and behind.

. Pseudometa superans, 3, bulb of palpus, showing apophysis (a, >) ; 184, ditto, another

view.

. Pseudometa uncata, 3, palpus ; 19 a, ditto, another view.

. Pseudometa brevipes, 2, vulva; 20a, ditto, variety.

. Pseudometa alboguttata, 2? , vulva; 21a, ditto, central tongue enlarged.

. Pseudometa decolorata, 2 , vulva.

. Nephila clavipes, 8: 23a, bulb of palpus; 28 4, ditto, another view.

. Nephila clavipes, 2: 24a, spinners, posterior pair (1), median pair (2), anterior pair (3),

colulus (col.), anal tubercle (a).

. Argyope argentata, ¢, palpus, with embolus enlarged.

. Argyope argentata, 2: 26a, vulva from behind ; 264, ditto, profile view ; 26 ¢, ditto from

above.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

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82 ” FRAGILIS. 17,17a,0¢ PSEUDOMETA FLAVA. 208 ARGYOPE ARGENTATA.

99 » IDONEA. 26,26a-c 9 Z

F.0.Pickard Cambridge,del. E Wilson, Cambridge.

Fig.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XLITI.

. Argyope blanda, 3, genital bulb; 1a, conductor and embolus from beneath.

. Metargyope trifasciata, 3, genital bulb.

. Metargyope trifasciata, 2: 3a, vulva; 3, ditto, profile view.

Miranda cophinaria, 8, genital bulb, from inner side; 4a, ditto from outer side.

Miranda cophinaria, 2: 5a, spinners, (1) posterior, (2) median, (3) anterior pair—

(col.) colulus, (a.) anal tubercle; 5 6, scapus of vulva from above; 5c, ditto, profile

view.

6. Metepeira labyrinthea, § , genital bulb; 6a, ditto, a portion enlarged ; 66, femur i.

cd.

Metepeira labyrinthea, 9: 7a, variety; 76, femur i.; 7c, scapus of vulva from below;

7 d, ditto from above and behind; 7 e, ditto, profile view.

. Metepeira uncata, 8, genital bulb; 8a, ditto, a portion enlarged; 8 4, ditto, lamina 1

enlarged.

. Metepeira spinipes, 8: 9a, genital bulb; 9 4, ditto, a portion enlarged ; 9c, ditto, same

portion, another view; 94d, ditto, lamina 1 enlarged; 9 e, ditto, same portion, another

view; 9f, ditto, showing bifid unca.

. Metepeira spinipes, 2 , with nat. size and length of leg i.; 10a, femur i.; 10 6, vulva from

above and behind; 10c, ditto from below; 10d, ditto, profile view.

. Metepeira incrassata, ? , with nat. size and length of leg i.; 1l a, femur i.; 114, vulva,

profile view; lle, ditto from behind ; 11 d, ditto from above; 11 e, ditto from below.

. Drezxelia directa, 8, genital bulb; 12a, ditto, another view.

. Drexelia directa, 2: 13a, vulva; 134, ditto, profile view.

Eriophora purpurascens, genital bulb; 14a, tibia 1. .

Eriophora purpurascens, ?: 15a, ditto, var.; 15 b, ditto, var.; 15 ¢, vulval scapus from

above; 15d, ditto, profile view; 15e, ditto, base, the scapus broken off; 15/f, ditto,

base from behind.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

= conductor ; cl. = clavis; em. = cymbium; col. = colulus; emb. = embolus; lam. = lamina ;

scp. = scapus; tb. = tibia; un. = unca.

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. Neoscona orizabensis, 9: 17 a, vulval scapus from above ; 17 4, ditto, profile view.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XLIV.

. Eriophora edaz, 8, genital bulb; 1a, coxa and trochanter iv. ; 1 J, coxa i.

. Eriophora edax, 3: 2a, ditto, profile view ; 2 4, ditto, variety ; 2c, ditto, variety ; 2 d,'base

of vulva from behind ; 2e, scapus of vulva, in profile—a, carina; 2f, ditto from above.

. Eriophora minax, 3: 34a, ditto, var.; 36, base of scapus of vulva from above ; 8c, scapus

of vulva in profile; 3d, base of ditto from above, scapus broken off; 3 e, ditto from

behind.

. Neoscona oaxacensis, &, genital bulb—emb.=embolus, cl.=clavis; 4a, tibia ii. from

beneath ; 4 4, ditto from inner side; 4c, coxai.; 4d, coxaiv.; 4e, clavis of genital bulb.

Neoscona oaxacensis, 2: 5a, ditto, variety ; 5 b, vulval scapus from above; 5, ditto, profile

view.

. Neoscona conifera, g, tibia ii. from beneath; 6a, ditto from inner side; 64, clavis of

genital bulb.

. Neoscona conifera, 9: 7a, vulval scapus from above; 7 4, ditto, profile view.

. Neoscona benjamina, 3: 8a, vulval scapus from above; 8 4, ditto, profile view.

. Neoscona theis, $ (sec. Simon), tibia ii. from beneath ; 9 a, ditto from inner side; 9 3, ditto,

variety (sec. Thorell) ; 9c, ditto, variety ; 9d, clavis of genital bulb. |

. Neoscona theis, 2 (sec. Simon): 104, vulval scapus from above; 104, ditto, profile view ;

10 c, ditto, variety (sec. Thorell) ; 10d, ditto, variety. ]

. Neoscona minima, g, tibia ii. from beneath; lla, ditto from inner side; 11 4, clavis of

genital bulb.

. Neoscona minima, 2: 12 a, vulval scapus from above ; 12, ditto, profile view.

. Neoscona arabesca, &, tibia ii. from above; 13a, ditto from beneath ; 13 8, ditto from

inner side.

. Neoscona arabesca, 2: 14a, vulval scapus from above; 144, ditto, profile view.

. Neoscona amulensis, 3, tibia ii. from beneath; 15 a, ditto from inner side; 15 4, clavis of

genital bulb.

Neoscona cooksoni, 2: 16 a, vulval scapus from above; 16 4, ditto, profile view. ]

. Neoscona volucripes, 2: 18a, vulval scapus from above; 184, ditto, profile view.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

Figures 9, 10, and 16 are inserted for comparison, the species not belonging to the Central-

American fauna.

SEGRE ss pantetsatacae usa scene

176 17

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6,6a,b3 ” CONIFERA. i212 a,b & y ” 18,18 a,b &

F.0.Pickard Cambridge,del. E Wilson, Cambridge.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XLV.

. Neosconella styligera, 3, genital bulb, with organs enlarged ; 1 a, ditto, another view.

- Neosconella styligera, 9: 2a, vulva from behind; 24, ditto from above; 2, ditto, profile

view,

. Neosconella solersioides, 3, genital bulb, special organs.

. Neosconella solersioides, 9: 4 a, ditto, variety ; 46, vulva from behind; 4 ¢, ditto, profile

view ; 4d, ditto from above; 4, ditto, variety ; 4f, ditto, smaller ; 4g, ditto, profile view.

- Neosconella lineatipes, 3, genital bulb.

Neosconella lineatipes, 9: 6a, vulva from behind ; 6 4, ditto from above; 6c, ditto, profile

view.

Neosconella expleta, 9: 7a, vulva from behind ; 7 8, ditto, profile view.

. Neosconella habilis, 9: 8a, vulva from above; 8 4, ditto, profile view.

. Neosconella guttata, ¢: 9a, vulva from above; 94, ditto, profile view; 9c, ditto from

behind.

. Mangora bimaculata, 8, genital bulb; 10a, ditto, another view.

. Mangora bimaculata, 2, vulva from above ; 11a, ditto from behind.

. Mangora calcarifera, 8, genital bulb; 12a, ditto, another view; 128, ditto, another view.

. Mangora calcarifera, 2: 13 a, vulva from above.

. Mangora picta, 3, genital bulb.

. Mangora picta, ? , vulva from above ; 15 a, ditto, profile view.

. Mangora mobilis, 8, genital bulb, with clavis enlarged; 16a, ditto, another view;

16 4, coxa iv. showing tubercles.

. Mangora mobilis, 2 , vulva from above; 17a, ditto from behind.

. Mangora spinula, 8, genital bulb; 18 a, femur iv. showing spine.

. Mangora passiva, ¢ , vulva from above; 19a, ditto more from behind.

. Mangora trilineata, 8, vulva from above; 20a, ditto from behind.

. Marzia stellata, 3, genital bulb.

. Marzia stellata, 9: 22a, vulva from above; 226, ditto, profile view ; 22c, ditto from

behind.

. Verrucosa arenata, 3, genital bulb ; 23 a, tibia ii., inner side; 23, ditto, variety.

. Verrucosa arenata, 2: 24a, ditto, variety ; 24, basal portion of scapus of vulva, showing

lateral sclerites; 24c, ditto of variety; 24d, scapus of vulva, with sclerites, another

variety ; 24e, ditto, profile view.

. Verrucosa 11-variolata, 3, genital bulb; 25 a, tibia ii., inner side.

. Verrucosa 11-variolata, 9: 26a, vulva from above; 264, ditto, basal portion enlarged ;

26 c, ditto, profile view.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure.

Biot, Sontr orton,

1,4aé NEOSCONELLA STYLIGERA.

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FO.Pickard Cambridge, del.

10,10a dé MANGORA BIMACULATA.

11,11 a ” es

CALCARIFERA.

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19,19 a®@ ” PASSIVA.

20,20a8 0 TRILINEATA.

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£3,240 4,038 VERRUCOSA ARENATA.

24,24 a-e 9 v9 ”

20,20a8 ” 11-VARIOLATA.

26,26 a-c & ” ”

E-Wils on, Cambridge.

19.

20.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XLVI.

. Wixia gibbifera, 2: 1a, ditto, profile view; 14, vulva from above; 1 c, ditto from behind;

1 d, ditto, profile view.

. Wizia clivosa, 8, genital bulb; 2a, ditto, another view ; 2 0, ditto, another view.

Wixia clivosa, 2: 3a, ditto, profile view; 3 6, vulva from above; 3c, ditto from behind;

3 d, ditto, profile view.

. Wizia globosa, 9: 4a, ditto, profile view; 46, vulva from above; 4c, ditto from behind ;

4d, ditto, profile view.

Wixia rufa, 2: 5a, vulva from above; 5 4, ditto from behind; 5c, ditto, profile view.

Wixia subrufa, 2: 6a, vulva from above ; 64, ditto from behind; 6c, ditto, profile view.

Wixia turrigera, 2: 7 a, ditto, profile view.

Wisxia sicula, 3, genital bulb; 8a, tibia ii. showing spinulation.

Parawixia destricta, 3, genital bulb; 9 a, ditto, another view ; 9 d, ditto, another view.

Parawivia destricta, 2: 10a, vulva from above; 104, ditto from behind; 10¢, ditto,

profile view.

. Parawixia armata, 3, genital bulb; 11 a, ditto, another view; 11 4, ditto, another view.

. Parawixia hypocrita, 3, genital bulb; 12a, ditto, another view.

Parawizia hamata, 3, genital bulb; 13 a, ditto, another view.

. Parawixia guatemalensis, 2: 14a, ditto, variety; 14 b, ditto, variety ; 14c, vulva from

above; 14d, ditto from behind; 14, ditto, profile view.

. Parawixia horea, 2: 15a, vulva from above; 15 4, ditto from behind; 15 c, ditto, profile

view.

Parawixia 13-notata, 2: 16a, vulva from above; 16 4, ditto from behind; 16c, ditto,

profile view.

. Parawixia honesta, 2, vulva from above; 17a, ditto from behind ; 174, ditto, profile

view.

. Parawixia rigida, 2: 18a, vulva from above; 184, ditto from behind; 18 ¢, ditto, profile

view.

Cyclosa conica, 3, genital bulb; 19a, ditto from beneath ; 19 4, ditto, another view.

Cyclosa conica, 2: 20a, vulva from behind ; 20 4, ditto, profile view.

Figures 19 and 20 are taken from British specimens,

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E Wilson,C ambridge.

Fig.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. IL

PLATE XLVII.

. Cyclosa tuberculifera, 3, genital bulb, showing the clavis.

Cyclosa culta, 3, genital bulb; 2a, ditto, showing clavis.

Cyclosa lacerta, 3, genital bulb, showing clavis.

Cyclosa caroli, 2: 4a, vulva from above ; 4), ditto, profile view.

Cyclosa conigera, 2: 5a, vulva from above ; 5 d, ditto, profile view.

Cyclosa furcata, 2, dorsal view; 6a, ditto, profile view; 6b, vulva from above; 6, ditto,

profile view ; 6d, ditto from behind.

Cyclosa trifida, 9: 7 a, vulva from above.

. Cyclosa bifurca, 2: 8a, vulva from above; 83, ditto, profile view; 8c, ditto more from

behind ; 8 d, ditto from behind.

. Cyclosa walekenaeri, ?, dorsal view; 9a, ditto, profile view; 96, vulva from above ;

9c, ditto from behind ; 9d, ditto, profile view.

Cyclosa diversa, ?: 10a, vulva from above; 10, ditto, profile view.

. Cyclosa nodosa, ¢? , dorsal view of immature example.

. Cyclosa index, ? , dorsal view ; 12a, ditto, profile view; 12 0, vulva, profile view; 12 c, string

of egg-cocoons.

. Cyclosa clara, 2? , profile view ; 13 a, vulva from above; 13 8, ditto, profile view.

. Wagneriana tauricornis, 3, genital bulb ; 14a, ditto, another view ; 14, ditto, another view.

. Wagneriana tauricornis, 9: 15a, vulva from above ; 156, ditto, profile view; 15 c, ditto

from behind.

. Wagneriana carinata, 3, genital bulb, showing clavis.

. Wagneriana 1\-tuberculata, 8, genital bulb; 17 a, ditto, another view; 17 0, ditto, another

view.

Wagneriana 11-tuberculata, 9: 18a, vulva from above; 180, ditto, profile view; 18 ¢,

ditto from behind.

. Wagneriana spicata, g, genital bulb; 19a, ditto, another view; 19d, ditto, another view.

Wagneriana spicata, 2? , vulva from above ; 20 a, ditto, profile view; 20 6, ditto from behind.

. Salassina crassicauda, ? , dorsal view ; 21 a, ditto, profile view; 21 6, vulva from above.

. Metazygia wittfelde, 3, genital bulb, showing embolus.

. Metazygia witifelde, 9: 23a, vulva from above; 236, ditto from behind; 23¢c, ditto,

profile view.

. Metazygia gregalis, 2: 24a, ditto, variety ; 246, vulva from behind; 24c, ditto, profile

view ; 24d, vulva of variety ; 24, ditto from behind; 24, ditto, profile view.

vCracthmuda Aranedea. Vol lt Tel 47

emb

ne ae SA ee eats 48 ‘e i CYCLOSA WALCKENAERI. | ff o g WAGNERIANA 11-TUBERCULATA.

a ” a, a- ” 29

ees ” LACERTA. 119 ” NODOSA, 1919a,.bd ” SPICATA .

44a,b2 » CAROLI. 2. 12 oi 3 ” INDEX. 20,20 a,b ? ” »

oo 4.02? CONIGERA. 13, 13 CLARA. 21,A1a,0° SALASSINA CRASSICAUDA.

6,60ad? »” FURCATA. 14, 14 - 5 WAGNERIANA TAURI C ORNIS. 220 ME TAZYGIA WITTFELDA.

Lt Ge 2 TRIFIDA . 19, - at 23,23 at? ” »

8,8ad?2 » BIFURCA. ” CARINATA. 24,24 af ¢ ” GREGALIS.

FO-Pickard Cambridge del. E Wilson,Cambridge.

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE XLVITI.

Acacesia foliata, 3, tibia ii.; 1 a, ditto, variety ; 1 4, coxa and trochanter iv. ; 1c, genital

bulb.

. Acacesia foliata, 2: 2a, ditto, variety ; 25, vulva from above; 2c, ditto, variety; 2d,

ditto, in profile; 2e, ditto, variety, in profile.

. Lustala fuscovittata, 3, genital bulb; 3a, ditto, another view.

. Eustala fuscovittata, 2: 4a, ditto, in profile ; 44, vulva, in profile ; 4c, ditto from behind ;

4d, ditto, variety.

- Kustala illicita, 3, genital bulb.

. Kustala illicita, 9: 6a, ditto, in profile ; 6 6, vulva from behind ; 6c, ditto, another view ;

6d, ditto, in profile; 6 e, string of egg-cocoons.

. Eustala anastera, 3, genital bulb; 7a, ditto, another view ; 7 3, ditto, showing conductor

enlarged.

. Eustala anastera, 9: 8a, vulva from behind ; 8 4, ditto, in profile.

Eustala bifida, g, genital bulb ; 9a, ditto, another view; 9, ditto, showing embolus

enlarged ; 9c, uncus, another view.

. Eustala bifida, 2: 10a, ditto, in profile; 10, vulva from behind ; 10 ¢, ditto, in profile.

. Eustala seutigera, 3, portion of genital bulb, showing embolus, &c., enlarged.

. Eustala scutigera, 2: 12a, ditto, variety ; 125, ditto, variety; 12 c, ditto, variety ; 12d,

vulva from behind; 12 e, ditto, in profile; 12f, ditto, variety; 12g, ditto, variety.

. Eustala guttata, 8, genital bulb; 13 a, ditto, another view; 13 4, ditto, embolus enlarged ;

13 c, ditto, from another example ; 13 d, ditto, embolus, &c., enlarged.

. Eustala guttata, 2, vulva from behind ; 14a, ditto, in profile.

. Eustala latebricola, 2 , vulva from behind ; 15 a, ditto, in profile.

. Eustala vegeta, 8, genital bulb, showing embolus, conductor, uncus, and clavis.

. Eustala vegeta, 2: 17 a, vulva from behind; 17 4, ditto, in profile.

. Eustala fragilis, 9, vulva from behind; 18 a, ditto, in profile.

. Eustala clavispina, 2 , vulva from behind ; 19, ditto, in profile.

. Eustala semifoliata, 2, vulva from behind ; 20.4, ditto, in profile.

. Aranea sinistra, 2, in profile ; 21 a, vulva from above; 21 4, ditto, in profile.

. Aranea nephiloides, %: 22a, vulva from above; 22 b, ditto, in profile.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure :

b,=tarsal hook; cd.=conductor; cl.=clavis ; cm.=cymbium ; emb. =embolus; lam.=lamina; unc.=uncus.

vtractmide Mramneidea Vol I Tb 48

1,1 acd ACACESIA FOLIATA. ANASTERA. 16

2k ae? » ” BIFIDA. 17,17 ab

3°3.ad. EUSTALA FUSCOVITTATA. n 18,18a9 FRAGILIS.

44 ad? F » SCUTIGERA. 1919a2 » CLAVISPINA.

53 » ILLICITA. » 2020ae » SEMIFOLIATA,

Bo aed : i GUTTATA. 21'21ab9 ARANEA_ SINISTRA.

TT abd D ANASTERA. ” 22,22ap 9 » NEPHILOIDES.

LATEBRICOLA.

FO.Pickard Cambridge del. E Wilson, Cambridge.

mm & Oo = -

. Aranea cylindrica, 3 :

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA.

Vou. ITI.

PLATE XLIX.

- Aranea smithi, 2, vulva; 1a, ditto in profile; 14, ditto from behind.

. Aranea sargi, 2: 2a, vulva from behind ; 2 6, ditto from above ; 2c, ditto in profile.

- Aranea concolorata, 2 : 3a, ditto in profile; 3, vulva from above ; 3c, ditto in profile.

- Aranea gravabilis, 2: 4a, vulva from behind; 46, ditto more from above; 4c, ditto in

profile.

- Aranea aculifera, 2: 5a, vulva in profile; 54, ditto from behind; 5, ditto from above.

. Aranea glabrata, 3: 6a, vulva from above; 65, ditto in profile ; 6c, ditto from behind ;

6 d, ditto from above ; 6e, ditto in profile, another example.

Aranea incerta, 8, genital bulb.

Aranea incerta, 2: 8a, vulva from behind; 84, ditto from above; 8c, ditto in profile.

. Aranea dilatata, 8 , genital bulb.

Aranea helvola, 2: 10 a, vulva from behind; 104, ditto from above; 10, ditto in profile.

. Aranea nigrocincta, 3, genital bulb; 11 a, ditto, another view.

. Aranea nigrocincta, 9: 12a, vulva from above; 124, ditto in profile.

Aranea pallidula, 2 : 13a, vulva from above ; 134, ditto in profile.

. Aranea anguinifera, 2: 14a, vulva from above.

. Aranea 7-mammata, 2: 15 a, vulva from above; 15 4, ditto in profile; 15 c, ditto from

behind.

. Aranea spinigera, 2: 16a, vulva from above; 164, ditto in profile; 16 ¢, ditto from behind.

Aranea rufipes, 9: 17 a, vulva from above ; 17 4, ditto in profile ; 17 c, ditto from behind.

. Aranea detrimentosa, ° : 18 a, vulva from above.

Aranea cylindrica, $, genital bulb; 19a, ditto, another view.

20a, vulva from above; 204, ditto in profile; 20c, ditto from

behind.

. Aranea laticeps, 2: 21a, vulva from above; 21 4, ditto from behind; 21 c, ditto in profile.

. Aranea nigropustulata, 2: 22a, vulva from above; 22 4, ditto in profile; 22 c, ditto from

behind.

. Aranea venilie, 3, genital bulb.

. Aranea venilie, 2: 24a, vulva from behind; 24 4, ditto in profile.

. Edricus spinigerus, 3, genital bulb ; 25, tibia i. in profile.

. Edricus productus, 3, genital bulb; 26 a, tibia ii. in profile ; 264, ditto, another example.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure :

ced. =conductor ; cl.=clavis; cm.=cymbium; emb.=embolus ; Jam.=lamina ; or. = genital orifice ;

sc.=scapus ; st.=stylum ; wre. = uncus.

Crachnide SMraneidea. Vol I, Tab49

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E.0.Pickard Cambridge, del.

ARACHNIDA.—_ARANEIDEA.

Vou. II.

PLATE L.

Aranea championi, 3, genital bulb; 1 a, ditto, another view.

- Aranea championi, 9: 2a, vulva, in profile; 24, ditto from above; 2c, ditto from behind.

. Micrathena gracilis, 9: 3a, ditto, in profile; 3, vulva, in profile ; 3c, ditto from above ;

3 d, ditto from behind.

. Micrathena mammillata, 2: 4a, ditto, in profile; 4, vulva, in profile; 4c, vulva from

behind.

. Micrathena longicauda, 8: 5a, apex of abdomen from behind; 5 0, tarsal hook of genital

bulb.

. Micrathena striata, 2: 6a, ditto, in profile; 6 d, ditto, dwarf form; 6c, ditto, in profile ;

6 d, vulva, in profile.

. Micrathena spinulata, 2: 7 a, ditto, in profile; 75, vulva, in profile.

- Micrathena brevipes, §: 8 a, genital bulb, showing embolus, &c.

. Micrathena obtusospina, 2: 9a, ditto, in profile; 9 4, ditto, variety; 9c, ditto, in profile ;

9d, ditto, another variety; Qe, ditto, in profile; 9/f, ditto, another variety; 9g, ditto,

in profile ; 94, vulva of first form ; 92, ditto, in profile.

. Micrathena cornigera, 8: 104, genital bulb, showing tarsal hook.

. Micrathena vitiosa, $: 11a, genital bulb, showing tarsal hook.

. Micrathena granulata, 3: 12a, genital bulb, showing tarsal hook.

. Micrathena parallela, §: 13a, genital bulb; 134, ditto, showing tarsal hook.

Micrathena uncata, 8: 14a, genital bulb, showing embolus &c.; 14 4, ditto, embolus &e.

enlarged ; 14 ¢, ditto, showing tarsal hook.

. Micrathena patruelis, $: 15a, genital bulb; 15 4, ditto, showing conductor &c. enlarged.

. Micrathena patruelis, 2: 16a, ditto, in profile; 164, vulva from above; 16c, ditto, in

rofile.

Weta triserrata, 2: 17a, ditto, in profile; 17, vulva from above; 17 c, ditto, in

profile.

Micrathena quadriserrata, 2: 18a, ditto, in profile ; 18 4, vulva from above.

Micrathena serrata, 2: 19a, ditto, in profile; 194, ditto, abdomen from behind ;

19 c, vulva from above ; 19 d, ditto, another view ; 19, ditto, in profile.

Micrathena inequalis, 2: 20a, ditto, in profile; 200, ditto, abdomen from behind ;

20 c, vulva from above ; 20 d, ditto, in profile.

The letters, unless otherwise stated, indicate similar portions of structure :

blb.=bulb-portion of genital bulb; cd.=conductor ; cl. =clavis ; emb.=embolus ; Jam.=lamella ;

ov. =oviducts ; sc.=scapus ; th.=tarsal hook; tib.=tibia of palpus; wnc. = uncus,

17¢

1,1a o& ARANEA CHAMPIONI. 8.8a od MICRATHENA BREVIPES. 14.14a-coh MICRATHENA UNCATA.

2° 2a-c9 % 9° 9a-i? 29 OBTUSO ISPINA.. 15.15 abd » PATRUELIS.

3, 3a- CRATHENA GRACILIS. 4010a o » . 16a-c bs

er be = x MAMMILLATA. dita 3 29 VITIOSA. 1717 a-c@ » TRISERRATA .

5.5a.bd ss LONGICAUDA. 12,12a 2 2 GRANULATA. 18.184,b9 ” QUADRISERRATA .

6.6a-d? = STRIATA. 13.13a.b¢ 2» PARALLELA. 19,19a,b9 >» SERRATA .

7,7a,09 2 SPINULATA. 20,20 a-d2 2 INA QUALIS.

E. Wilson, Cambridge. F.0.Pickard Cambridge,del.

ARACHNIDA.—ARANEIDEA. .

VoL. II. |.

PLATE ‘LI. .

Hig. 1. Aranea mormon, 2: 1 a, vulva from ‘above ; 1 4, ditto in profile. .

2. Aranea graphica, 3, genital bulb; 2a, ditto in profile.

3. Aranea flava, 3, genital bulb. -

4. Aranea cyrtophoroides, ?: 4a, ditto in’ profile; 46, vulva from above; 4c,. ditto, from .,

behind ; 4d, ditto in profile.

5. Aranea fasciolata, ? ; leg i.; 5 a, ditto, protarsus and tarsus enlarged.

6. Scoloderus americanus, ?: 6 a, ditto in ‘profile; 6}, vulva from above. |

7. Scoloderus nigriceps, ¢ , vulva.

8. Scoloderus gibber, 2 : 8a, vulva.

9: Kaira gibberosa, 2, vulva; 9a, ditto in profile.

10. Kaira altiventer, 2, vulva; 10a, ditto in profile.

ll. Kaira dromedaria, ?., vulva’; 11a; ditto in profile. -

12: Hentzia trivittata, 3, genital bulb; 12 a, ditto fromthe outer side:

13. Hentzia trivittata, 2, vulva ; 13 a, ditto in profile.

14. Gasteracantha cancriformis, 3.

15. Gasteracantha kochi, 2: 15 a, ditto, variety ;-15 6, vulva.

16. Micrathena gracilis, 8: 16a, genital bulb and tarsal hook.

17. Micrathena subspinosa, 9: 17 a, ditto in profile; 17 6, vulva; 17 ¢, ditto in profile.

18. Micrathena 12-spinosa, 2: 18 a, ditto in profile; 184, vulva in profile; 18c, ditto from,

above.

19. Micrathena schreibersi, 2: 194, ditto in profile.

20. Micrathena sagittata, 3 : 20a, genital bulb and tarsal hook; 204, ditto, another view ;

20 c, ditto, another view; 20d, patella and tibia of palpus.

21. Micrathena sagittata, 2: 21a, ditto from behind ; 21 4, ditto in profile; 21¢, vulva from,

behind ; 21 d, ditto in profile.

22. Micrathena gladiola, 2: 22a, ditto in profile ; 22 b, vulva in profile ; 22 c, ditto from above.

93. Micrathena bimucronata, 2: 23a, ditto from behind; 23 4, ditto in profile; 23, vulva in

profile ; 23 d, ditto from above.

94. Micrathena cateniilata, 2: 24a, ditto in profile; 246, vulva from above ; 24c, ditto in

profile.

25. Micrathena furcula, 2: 25 a, ditto in profile ; 25 4, vulva from above; 25 c, ditto in profile.

96. Tricantha tricornis, 2: 26 a, vulva.

27. Hypognatha nasuta, 3, front of carapace; 27 a, genital bulb.

28. Hypognatha nasuta, ¢: 28 a, vulva.

‘Ihe small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure :

cd.=conductor ; cl.=clavis ; em.=cymbium ; emb.=embolus ; lam.=lamina; or.=genital orifice ;

sc.=scapus ; st.=stylum; unc.=uncus.

trachnida Hraneider bel i Lb i

ee ea,

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1,1a,b2 ARANEA MORMON 40,100 2 KAIRA ALTIVENTER. 20,20a-dd MICRATHENA SAGIT TATA.

Fea ot » RAPHICA. 1AAta » DROMEDARIA. 24-91a-d@ i

3 Jt Se eae 12.12a 2 HENTZIA TRIVITTATA. 22. 22a-c 9 3 GLADIOLA.

4,4a-d2 2» CYRTOPHOROIDES. 13,1388 ? 23.23a-d9 » BIMUCRONATA .

55a o » FASCIOLATA. 44 Q GASTERACANTHA CANCRIFORMIS. 24,24a-c 2 2 CATENULATA.

6.6a,b2 .SCOLODERUS AMERICANUS. 16, 15a.b 9 29 KOCHI. 25 25a-c9 2 FURCULA.

fi Q os NIGRICEPS. 1616 od MICRATHENA GRACILIS. 26.96a @ TRICANTHA TRICORNIS.

8,8a e » GIBBER. 47.17 a-ce * SUBSPINOSA. 27,278 J HYPOGNATHA NASUTA.

OSA. 48.18.a-c 2 2 12 28a 39 «

ao aes 4919a 2. 2 SCHREIBERSI.

F.0.Pickard Cambridge del. E.Wilson ,Cambridge.

Fig. 1.

ARACHNIDA.—OPILIONES.

Vou. II.

PLATE LIT.

Paravonones biserratus, 3, dorsal aspect; la, femur iv. from the outer side; 10, pro-

tarsus iv.

. Paravonones quadratus, 3, dorsal aspect; 2a, tarsus i.; 2 6, protarsus iv.

. Paravonones claviger, 3, femur iv. from the outer side; 3a, ditto from beneath.

Paravonones compressus, 8, dorsal aspect ; 4a, femur iv. from beneath; 44, ditto from

the outer side.

. Paravonones incrassatus, $ , femur iv. from the outer side ; 5a, ditto from above.

Metavonones hispidus, § , dorsal aspect; 6 a, femur iv. from the outer side; 6 b, tarsus 1.

Erginoides tarsalis, 8, tarsus iv. in profile; 7 a, tarsus i.

Metacynorta gracilipes, 3, dorsal aspect.

Cynorta albipunctata, 8, dorsal aspect ; 9 a, tarsus i.; 94, tibia and protarsus iv.

Cynorta bipunctata, 3, dorsal aspect; 10 a, leg iv.

. Cynorta biguttata, 8, dorsal aspect; 11 a, leg iv.

. Cynorta bituberculata, @ , dorsal aspect ; 12 a, leg iv.

. Cynorta longipes, 3, dorsal aspect ; 13 a, leg iv.

. Cynorta longispina, $, dorsal aspect; 14 a, leg. iv.

. Cynorta dentipes, 3, dorsal aspect; 15 a, leg iv.; 15 6, apex of femur iv., enlarged.

. Cynorta annulipes, 3 , dorsal aspect ; 16 a, leg iv. from the outer side ; 16 J, apex of femur iv.,

enlarged.

. Cynorta conigera, ? , dorsal aspect.

. Erginus serratifer, 3, femur iv.

Erginus clavo-tibialis, 3, dorsal aspect ; 19 a, leg iv. from the outer side ; 19 6, ditto from

the inner side.

. Erginus serrato-tibialis, 8, full figure; 20a, tibia iv., enlarged. |

. Erginus cylindro-tibialis, $, right femur iv. from above; 21a, left femur iv. from below ;

21 db, sectional view of one of the spines.

. Erginus arcuatus, 3, dorsal aspect ; 22a, femur iv. from the inner side; 226, ditto from

the outer side; 22c, ditto from beneath.

. Erginus sinuosus, 3, dorsal aspect ; 23 a, femur iv. from beneath.

Aan o>

4,1a,b ¢ PARAVONONES BISERRATUS. 9, Ga,bae% CYNORTA 16,16a,00 CYNORTA ANNULIPES.

224,00 2 QUADRATUS. 10,10a D9 17 2 » CONIGERA.

33a 0 é CLAVIGER. | itjitad 2 IG\ TA. 18 ¢ ERGINUS SERRATIFER.

4,4a,6 2 COMPRESSUS. 12,ea 0 29 BITUBERCULATA. 19.19a,0 0 » CLAVOTIBIALIS.

5 5ad INCRASSATUS. 13818a¢ 2 LONGIPES. 20.2048 5 » SERRATOTIBIALIS.

6,6a.,0 6 METAVONONES HISPIDUS. 14,i4ac 23 LONGISPINA. 21-2i1a,b0 ” CYLINDROTIBIALIS.

7,7a 0 ERGINOIDES TARSALIS. 15,154a,0 0" 2 DENTIPES. 22:26a-c ot » ARCUATUS.

8d METACYNORTA GRACILIPES. 92,934 4 - SINUOSUS.

F.0.Pickard-Cambridge del. E.Wilson, Cambridge .

ARACHNIDA.—OPILIONES.

Vou. IT.

PLATE LIII.

. Erginus simplicipes, 3, showing yellow pattern; 1 a, femur iv., outer side ; 14, ditto from

beneath; 1c, ditto, another view from the outer side.

. Erginus subserialis, 8: 2a, femur iv. from beneath ; 24, ditto, another view.

. Erginus cristatus, 8: 3a, femur iv. from the outer side; 34, ditto from beneath.

Erginus crassescens, 8, femur iv. from the outer side; 4a, ditto, left, from above.

. Erginus serratipes, 8: 5a, femur iv. from beneath.

Erginus triangularis, 8: 6a, femur iv. from the outer side; 64, ditto slightly from

beneath.

. Erginus tricristatus, § : 7 a, femur iv. from the outer side ; 7 6, ditto from above; 7 c, one

of the outer row of spines, enlarged.

. Erginus clavipes, 8, femur iv. from beneath; 8a, ditto from the outer side.

. Erginus erectispinus, 8: 9 a, femur iv. from above; 9 4, ditto from beneath.

. Erginus rectus, 8: 10 a, femur iv. from above.

. Erginus pectinigerus, 3: lla, ditto, showing appendages and prosomatic (pr.) and

opisthosomatic (op.) tergal segments; 11 0, ditto, showing appendages and _ sternal

segments.

. Meterginus basalis, § : 12a, femur iy. from the inner side.

Meterginus tibialis, 8, femur iv.; 13a, tibia iv.: a indicates the inner side of the

segment in each case.

. Meterginus dorsalis, 8, femur iv. from the outer side, profile view; 14a, ditto from

beneath.

. Meterginus apicalis, 8, femur iv. from the outer side, profile view; 15a, ditto from

beneath.

. Meterginus forcipatus, g: 16a, coxa and trochanter iv. from beneath; 168, femur iv.

with trochanter from above ; 16c, ditto from beneath.

. Pecilema rastellifera, : 17 a, femur iv. from the outer side; 17 4, ditto from above and

from the inner side.

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2.24,00 » SUBSERIALIS. 8.8a 0" » CLAVIPES. 13.134 0c" » TIBIALIS.

V3abd > CRISTATUS. 9,9a,o7 > ERECTISPINUS. 14,14ac" - DORSALIS.

rere » CRASSESCENS. 10,10a of > RECTUS. 15.1540" » APICALIS.

5.5a ot » SERRATIPES. ‘tla => PECTINIGERUS. 16,16 a-c o » FORCIPATUS.

Bbabd » TRIANGULARIS. 17,A7a,b oh PCECILAMA RASTELLIFERA.

F.O. Pickard-Cambridge del. E.Wilson, Cambridge.

Fig.

q2.

19.

20.

2l.

Q2-

23.

ARACHNIDA.—OPILIONES.

Vor. I.

PLATE LIV.

. Hernandarioides plana, 2 , dorsal aspect, legs removed ; 1 a, palpus, from the outer side.

. Metapachylus gracilis, 8, dorsal aspect, legs removed ; 2a, profile view, legs removed ;

2 6, eye-tubercle in profile; 2c, palpus from the outer side; 2d, terminal segments of

abdomen enlarged to show spines.

Paramitraceras granulatus, 3 , dorsal aspect, legs removed ; 3a, profile view, legs removed ;

3 6, palpus, showing patella and tibia.

. Paramitraceras hispidulus, 3, dorsal aspect, legs removed; 4a, ditto, profile view;

4.5, dorsal spines enlarged ; 4c, eye-tubercle, profile view; 4d, palpus from above.

. Paramitraceras hispidulus, 2 , profile view, legs removed; 5 a, eye-tubercle, profile view ;

5 b, palpus from above.

Metaconomma femorale, 3, profile view, legs removed.

. Palpinus levis, 3, dorsal aspect, legs removed ; 7 a, sternal segments with coxe of legs ;

7 6, palpus, profile view ; 7c, tarsus of leg iv., profile view ; 7 d, tarsus of leg i., profile

view.

Phalangium armigerum, 3, dorsal aspect, legs removed ; 8 a, tibia and protarsus of leg i.

. Phalangium armigerum, 2, dorsal aspect, legs removed; 9a, palpus, showing the three

basal segments and the two basal spurs.

. Phalangium horridum, 8, palpus from beneath, showing tibia and tarsus; 104, tibia and

protarsus of leg i. from the outer side.

. Phalangium spinigerum, 3, palpus from beneath, showing tibia and tarsus; 11a, tibia and

protarsus of leg i.

Phalangium spinigerum, 2, dorsal aspect, legs removed.

Phalangium acanthipes, 3, tibia and protarsus of leg 1.

. Phalangium acanthipes, ¢ , dorsal aspect, legs removed.

. Phalangium maculatipes, 2 , dorsal aspect, legs removed ; 15 a, leg i., profile view.

. Leiobunum coriaceum, 2, dorsal aspect, legs removed; 16 a, penis.

. Leiobunum coriaceum, 2, patella and base of tibia of left palpus.

. Leiobunum foveolatum, 2, dorsal aspect, legs removed; 18a, patella and base of tibia

of right palpus.

Leiobunum dromedarium, 8, palpus, profile view, from the outer side.

Leiobunum dromedarium, ? , profile view, legs removed.

Leiobunum fulvum, 3, penis.

Leiobunum fulvum, 2 , ovipositor.

Leiobunum fulviventre, °, mandible showing basal spur at a.

The small letters, unless otherwise stated, refer to similar portions of structure: ov.=ovipositor ;

plp.=palpus ; pr. =penis; sp.=spiracle ; tr. = trochanter.